taxonID	type	description	language	source
84932EC0EEF1574091377BD16897A19D.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Holotype: Thailand • Larva; Phetchabun Province, Nam Nao National Park, Yakruae stream; Alt. 832 m. 16 ° 44 ' 27.92 " N, 101 ° 34 ' 46.52 " E; 7 Mar. 2022; Coll. S. Phlai-ngam and V. Vannachak; 1 L on slide GBIFCH 00763744 [MZL]. Paratypes: Thailand • 20 larvae; same data as holotype; 3 L on slides GBIFCH 00763745 - GBIFCH 00763747, [MZL]; 10 L in alcohol GBIFCH 00763748 [MZL]; 7 L in alcohol [KKU-AIC].	en	Phlai-ngam, Sirikamon, Tungpairojwong, Nisarat, Gattolliat, Jean-Luc (2022): A new species of Alainites (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae) from Thailand. Alpine Entomology 6: 133-146, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/alpento.6.96284, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/alpento.6.96284
84932EC0EEF1574091377BD16897A19D.taxon	materials_examined	Other material. Thailand • 70 larvae; Tak Province, Mae Ra Mad District; Alt. 405 m. 17 ° 04 ' 52.68 " N, 098 ° 45 ' 16.76 " E; 12 Feb. 2022; Coll. K. Koomput and P. Dapsibhai; 1 L on slides GBIFCH 00763749 [MZL]; 8 L in alcohol GBIFCH 00763750 [MZL]; 10 L in alcohol [KKU-AIC]. Tak Province, Mae Sod District, small stream near the road (unnamed stream); Alt. 719 m. 17 ° 01 ' 44.35 " N, 098 ° 30 ' 24.47 " E; 8 Oct. 2020; coll. S. Phlai-ngam; 1 L on slide [KKU-AIC]; 14 L in alcohol [KKU-AIC]; 1 L in alcohol GBIFCH 00673245 [MZL]. Kanchanaburi Province, Thong Pha Phumi District, small stream near the Mining Dr. Phol Kleepbuathe; Alt. 660 m. 14 ° 45 ' 08.00 " N, 98 ° 48 ' 40.00 " E; 16 Nov. 2022; Coll. S. Phlai-ngam; 1 L on slide GBIFCH 00763751 [MZL]; 7 L in alcohol GBIFCH 00763752 [MZL], 8 L in alcohol [KKU-AIC]. Phetchabun Province, Nam Nao National Park, Yakruae stream; Alt. 832 m. 16 ° 44 ' 27.92 " N, 101 ° 34 ' 46.52 " E; 23 Nov. 2020; Coll. S. Phlai-ngam; 15 L in alcohol [KKU-AIC]. Kamphaengphet Province, Klong Lan District, Pong Nam Ron, Alt. 154 m. 17 ° 02 ' 34.94 " N, 98 ° 58 ' 39.83 " E; 12 Feb. 2022; Coll. K. Koomput and P. Dapsibhai; 4 L in alcohol [KKU-AIC].	en	Phlai-ngam, Sirikamon, Tungpairojwong, Nisarat, Gattolliat, Jean-Luc (2022): A new species of Alainites (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae) from Thailand. Alpine Entomology 6: 133-146, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/alpento.6.96284, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/alpento.6.96284
84932EC0EEF1574091377BD16897A19D.taxon	description	Description. Coloration (Figs 1, 2). General coloration medium brown. Head uniformly medium brown, slightly darker between ocelli and at insertion of antennae. Turbinate eyes in male larva dark orange. Thorax medium brown with indistinct pattern. Pronotum slightly paler than mesonotum and metanotum. Thoracic sternites mostly pale brown. Abdominal tergites medium brown, slightly darker in middle area, distal margin with darker transverse band. Abdominal sternites light brown. Cerci and median caudal filament light brown without bands or pattern. Body. Maximum length 4.2 mm. Median caudal filament ca. 2 / 3 of cerci. Head. Capsule medium brown. Antennae medium brown, filiform. Mouthparts. Labrum (Fig. 3 A): dorsal surface with one central seta and an arc of setae reduced to two lateral setae; about twenty fine stout setae scattered over surface. Ventral surface with five small acute setae near lateral margin. Distal margin fringed with two kinds of setae: long lateral setae strongly feather-like and medially with a shorter row of slightly feather-like setae. Left mandible (Fig. 3 B-D): inner and outer incisors almost fused, formed by seven blunt denticles (Fig. 3 C); prostheca with eleven small pointed denticles apically, (Fig. 3 D); edge between prostheca and mola only slightly crenelate near mola; mola with an enlarged triangular pointed tooth, fine setae present apically; proximal part with scattered fine setae, not shagreened (Fig. 3 B). Right mandible (Fig. 3 E-G): inner and outer incisors almost fused, formed by eight blunt denticles (Fig. 3 F), prostheca bifid, both filaments feathered, outer filament half length inner filament (Fig. 3 G); edge between prostheca and mola crenelate; proximal part with scattered fine setae, not shagreened (Fig. 3 E). Maxilla (Fig. 3 H-I): galea-lacinia with 3 enlarged acute teeth on apex (Fig. 3 I), 2 rows of long dense basal setae on galea-lacinia; maxillary palpus (Fig. 3 H) 2 - segmented with scattered small hair-like setae; segment II rounded at apex. Labium (Fig. 3 J): glossa slightly shorter than paraglossa; a row of stout setae along outer, inner and apical margins, subapical setal tuft present; paraglossae with 3 rows of simple setae along apical margin; labial palpus 3 - segmented with scattered fine setae; segment I slightly shorter than segments II and III combined; segment III subrectangular covered with long robust setae mostly in distal half, short pointed setae mostly along outer margin and abundant fine setae. Hypopharynx with rounded lingua and superlinguae, covered with abundant hair-like setae subapically (Fig. 3 K). Thorax. Hindwing pads well developed. Foreleg (Fig. 4 A). Femur: dorsal margin with a regular row of eight to eleven long robust setae and two subapical setae; ventral margin with abundant short spine-like setae; lateral margin with scale bases, bare and not shagreened, femoral villopore absent. Tibia (Fig. 4 B): dorsal margin of fore-tibia with less than five strong setae (usually with 3 - 4 setae), short fine setae roughly arranged in row; ventral margin with abundant short stout setae ending with patch of long stout feathered setae; lateral margin with abundant scale bases, tibiopatellar suture with short spine-like setae. Tarsus: dorsal margin with few fine setae, ventral margin with abundant pointed setae only slightly increasing in length toward apex, lateral margin with abundant scale bases and a few fine setae. Tarsal claws (Fig. 4 E) with one row of 7 - 9 denticles, increasing in size distally, subapical setae absent. Midleg and hindleg. Similar to foreleg; except ventral margin of femur of hindleg with reduced number of short spine-like setae, generally one or two setae; dorsal margin of mid- tibia (Fig. 4 C) and hind-tibia (Fig. 4 D) with more than five strong setae (usually more than nine). Abdomen. Posterior margin of tergite I smooth; posterior margin of tergite II with a few triangular spines mainly in the middle area; posterior margin of tergites III-IX with triangular spines along central portion, absent laterally (Fig. 4 F-G). Surface of all tergites not shagreened, with numerous scale bases and few setae. Sternites I-VIII similar to tergites except distal margin smooth, sternite IX distal margin with triangular spines. Gills (Fig. 5 A-D) on segments I-VII, with well visible main tracheation but reduced ramification; gill I smallest (Fig. 5 A), length of gill I equal to half of tergite II; gill IV (Fig. 5 B) and gill V larger than others, length of gill IV equal to tergite V plus half of tergite VI; length of gill V equal to tergite VI plus half of tergite VII; length of gill VII (Fig. 5 D) equal to tergite VIII plus half of tergite IX. Surface smooth without any setae or pores, margin serrated with fine simple setae (Fig. 5 C). Paraproct (Fig. 5 E-F) covered with scale bases and micropores on surface; distal margin with well-developed prolongation; lateral margins of prolongation with numerous small spines, surface without spines (Fig. 5 F); distal margin inner to prolongation with 5 huge spines, distal margin outer to prolongation with numerous medium spines (around 20 - 30 spines); cercotractor with scale bases, distal margin with about 14 - 16 medium spines (Fig. 5 E). Cerci with fine swimming setae along inner margin. Median filament with swimming setae on both margins.	en	Phlai-ngam, Sirikamon, Tungpairojwong, Nisarat, Gattolliat, Jean-Luc (2022): A new species of Alainites (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae) from Thailand. Alpine Entomology 6: 133-146, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/alpento.6.96284, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/alpento.6.96284
84932EC0EEF1574091377BD16897A19D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Alainites siamensis sp. nov. is closely related to A. lingulatus, A. laetificus and A. yixiani; these species are distributed in the Southeast Asia. The new species can be separated from the other species by the following combination of characters: i) the shape of labial palp, ii) the setation on tibia, iii) the number of denticles of the claws, iv) the degree of development and spination of paraproct prolongation, v) the number of spines on distal margin of paraproct, vi) number of pairs of gills (Table 4).	en	Phlai-ngam, Sirikamon, Tungpairojwong, Nisarat, Gattolliat, Jean-Luc (2022): A new species of Alainites (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae) from Thailand. Alpine Entomology 6: 133-146, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/alpento.6.96284, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/alpento.6.96284
84932EC0EEF1574091377BD16897A19D.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet of this species, siam (noun), refers to the old name of Thailand and to the known distribution of the species.	en	Phlai-ngam, Sirikamon, Tungpairojwong, Nisarat, Gattolliat, Jean-Luc (2022): A new species of Alainites (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae) from Thailand. Alpine Entomology 6: 133-146, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/alpento.6.96284, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/alpento.6.96284
