14200075	Catagonus	Ameghino 1904	GENUS					Catagonus	Tayassuidae	Artiodactyla	An. Mus. Soc. Cient. Argent. vol.58 p.188	Catagonus metropolitanus Ameghino, 1904 (extinct).					
14200663	Saiga borealis	Tschersky 1876	SPECIES			borealis		Saiga	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Izvest. Sibir. Otdel. Russ. Geog. Obshchest. vol.7 5-Apr p.14		mongolica Bannikov, 1946.	W Mongolia (S. b. mongolica).	U.S. ESA  Endangered and IUCN  Vulnerable as S. tatarica mongolica.; see comments.	The Pleistocene mammoth-steppe Saiga is a distinct species including the living subspecies mongolica according to Baryshnikov and Tikhonov (1994). Reviewed in part as S. tatarica mongolica by Sokolov (1974, Mammalian Species, 38).	Mongolian Saiga
14200664	Saiga borealis subsp. borealis	Tschersky 1876	SUBSPECIES		borealis	borealis		Saiga	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Izvest. Sibir. Otdel. Russ. Geog. Obshchest. vol.7 5-Apr p.14				Extinct.	See comments under species account.	
14200665	Saiga borealis subsp. mongolica	Bannikov 1946	SUBSPECIES		mongolica	borealis		Saiga	Bovidae	Artiodactyla						See comments under species account.	
14200679	Bos frontalis subsp. sinhaleyus	Deraniyagala 1951	SUBSPECIES		sinhaleyus	frontalis		Bos	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200690	Bos taurus subsp. primigenius	Bojanus 1827	SUBSPECIES		primigenius	taurus		Bos	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
10300002	Tachyglossidae	Gill 1872	FAMILY						Tachyglossidae	Monotremata	Smithson. Misc. Coll. vol.11 p.27						
10300004	Tachyglossus aculeatus	(Shaw) 1792	SPECIES			aculeatus		Tachyglossus	Tachyglossidae	Monotremata	Nat. Misc. vol.3 p.pl. 109		australiensis (Lesson, 1827); australis (Lesson, 1836); corealis (Krefft, 1872); eracinius (Mudie, 1829); hystrix (Home, 1802); longiaculeata (Tiedemann, 1808); myrmecophagus (Goldfuss, 1809); novaehollandiae (Lacépède, 1799); orientalis (Krefft, 1872); sydneiensis (Kowarzik, 1909); typica (Thomas, 1885); acanthion (Collett, 1884); ineptus Thomas, 1906; lawesii Ramsay, 1877; multiaculeatus (W. Rothschild, 1905); setosus (E. Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 1803); breviaculeata (Tiedemann, 1808); hobartensis (Kowarzik, 1909); longirostrus (Perry, 1810).	S and E New Guinea; Australia, including Kangaroo Isl (off South Australia) and Tasmania.	IUCN ­ Lower Risk (nt) as T. a. multiaculeatus; otherwise Lower Risk (lc). Abundant throughout its range.	Includes lawesii and setosus, see Ride (1970:231). Subspecies are unclear, and revision is needed. Species name commonly attributed to Shaw and Nodder, but Nodder was the publisher, not an author.	Short-beaked Echidna
10300005	Tachyglossus aculeatus subsp. aculeatus	(Shaw) 1792	SUBSPECIES		aculeatus	aculeatus		Tachyglossus	Tachyglossidae	Monotremata	Nat. Misc. vol.3 p.pl. 109						
10300006	Tachyglossus aculeatus subsp. acanthion	(Collett) 1884	SUBSPECIES		acanthion	aculeatus		Tachyglossus	Tachyglossidae	Monotremata							
10300007	Tachyglossus aculeatus subsp. lawesii	Ramsay 1877	SUBSPECIES		lawesii	aculeatus		Tachyglossus	Tachyglossidae	Monotremata							
10300008	Tachyglossus aculeatus subsp. multiaculeatus	(W. Rothschild) 1905	SUBSPECIES		multiaculeatus	aculeatus		Tachyglossus	Tachyglossidae	Monotremata							
10300009	Tachyglossus aculeatus subsp. setosus	(E. Geoffroy St. Hilaire) 1803	SUBSPECIES		setosus	aculeatus		Tachyglossus	Tachyglossidae	Monotremata							
10300010	Zaglossus	Gill 1877	GENUS					Zaglossus	Tachyglossidae	Monotremata	Ann. Rec. Sci. Indus. vol.May p.171	Tachyglossus bruijni Peters and Doria, 1876.	Acanthoglossus Gervais, 1877; Bruynia Dubois, 1882; Proechidna Dubois, 1884; Prozaglossus Kerbert, 1913.			Revised by Flannery and Groves (1998).	
10300011	Zaglossus attenboroughi	Flannery and Groves 1998	SPECIES			attenboroughi		Zaglossus	Tachyglossidae	Monotremata	Mammalia vol.62 p.387			Known only from type locality.	CITES - Appendix II.		Sir Davids Long-beaked Echidna.
10300012	Zaglossus bartoni	(Thomas) 1907	SPECIES			bartoni		Zaglossus	Tachyglossidae	Monotremata	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. vol.20 p.294		bubuensis Laurie, 1952; clunius Thomas and W. Rothschild, 1922; diamondi Flannery and Groves, 1998; smeenki Flannery and Groves, 1998.	Interior New Guinea, east of Paniai Lakes, 600 to 3200 m.	CITES - Appendix II; IUCN  Endangered as Z. bruijni (part).	The subspecies are all highly distinctive, and may represent distinct species.	Eastern Long-beaked Echidna
10300013	Zaglossus bartoni subsp. bartoni	(Thomas) 1907	SUBSPECIES		bartoni	bartoni		Zaglossus	Tachyglossidae	Monotremata	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. vol.20 p.294						
10300014	Zaglossus bartoni subsp. clunius	Thomas and W. Rothschild 1922	SUBSPECIES		clunius	bartoni		Zaglossus	Tachyglossidae	Monotremata							
10300015	Zaglossus bartoni subsp. diamondi	Flannery and Groves 1998	SUBSPECIES		diamondi	bartoni		Zaglossus	Tachyglossidae	Monotremata							
10300016	Zaglossus bartoni subsp. smeenki	Flannery and Groves 1998	SUBSPECIES		smeenki	bartoni		Zaglossus	Tachyglossidae	Monotremata							
10400057	Gracilinanus ignitus	Díaz, Flores, and Barquez 2002	SPECIES			ignitus		Gracilinanus	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	J. Mammal. vol.83 p.825			Known only from type locality.			Red-bellied Gracile Opossum
10400112	Metachirus nudicaudatus subsp. colombianus	J. A. Allen 1900	SUBSPECIES		colombianus	nudicaudatus		Metachirus	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia							
10300017	Zaglossus bruijni	(Peters and Doria) 1876	SPECIES			bruijni		Zaglossus	Tachyglossidae	Monotremata	Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova vol.9 p.183		goodfellowi (Thomas, 1907); gularis W. Rothschild, 1922; nigro-aculeatus (W. Rothschild, 1892); pallidus W. Rothschild, 1922; tridactyla (Dubois, 1882); villosissima (Dubois, 1884).	Western New Guinea, west of Paniai Lakes; Salawati Isl (Indonesia).	CITES - Appendix II; IUCN  Endangered.	Does not include bartoni and bubuensis; see Flannery and Groves (1998).	Western Long-beaked Echidna.
10300018	Ornithorhynchidae	Gray 1825	FAMILY						Ornithorhynchidae	Monotremata	Ann. Philos., n.s. vol.10 p.343						
10300019	Ornithorhynchus	Blumenbach 1800	GENUS					Ornithorhynchus	Ornithorhynchidae	Monotremata	Gotting. Gelehrt. Anz. vol.1 p.609	Ornithorhynchus paradoxus Blumenbach, 1800 (= Platypus anatinus Shaw, 1799).	Dermipus Wiedermann, 1800; Platypus Shaw, 1799 [not of Herbst, 1793].			Platypus Shaw, 1799 was preoccupied by Platypus Herbst, 1793, a genus of Coleoptera. Ornithorynchus is the next available name.	
10400017	Caluromys lanatus subsp. nattereri	Matschie 1917	SUBSPECIES		nattereri	lanatus	Mallodelphys	Caluromys	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia							
10300020	Ornithorhynchus anatinus	(Shaw) 1799	SPECIES			anatinus		Ornithorhynchus	Ornithorhynchidae	Monotremata	Nat. Misc. vol.10 p.pl. 385-386		brevirostris Ogilby, 1832; crispus, Macgillivray, 1827; fuscus Péron, 1807; laevis Macgillivray, 1827; novaehollandiae Lacépède, 1800; paradoxus Blumenbach, 1800; phoxinus Thomas, 1923; rufus Péron, 1807; triton Thomas, 1923.	Queensland, New South Wales, SE South Australia, Victoria, and Tasmania (Australia).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc); common but vulnerable to local extinction.	Whether there are any valid subspecies is unclear; revision is needed. Species name is commonly attributed to Shaw and Nodder, but Nodder was the publisher, not an author.	Platypus.
10400124	Micoureus demerarae subsp. meridae	Tate 1931	SUBSPECIES		meridae	demerarae		Micoureus	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia							
10400004	Caluromys	J. A. Allen 1900	GENUS					Caluromys	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.13 p.189	Didelphis philander Linnaeus, 1758, by original designation.	Didelphis Linnaeus, 1758 [part]; Gamba Liais, 1872 [part]; Mallodelphys Thomas, 1920 [type species Didelphis laniger Desmarest, 1820, by original designation; valid as a subgenus]; Philander Burmeister, 1856 [preoccupied by Philander Brisson, 1762, and Philander Tiedemann, 1808]; Sarigua Muirhead, 1819 [part].			Calurosymys Avila-Pires, 1964, is an incorrect subsequent spelling of Caluromys J. A. Allen. Comparatively uncommon to rare in collections, perhaps due to nocturnal and arboreal habits; but probably common in suitable habitat. Vulnerable to loss of tropical forest habitat.	
10400005	Caluromys	J. A. Allen 1900	SUBGENUS				Caluromys	Caluromys	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.13 p.189	Didelphis philander Linnaeus, 1758, by original designation.					
10400006	Mallodelphys	Thomas 1920	SUBGENUS				Mallodelphys	Caluromys	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia		[type species Didelphis laniger Desmarest, 1820, by original designation, valid as a subgenus]					
10400007	Caluromys derbianus	(Waterhouse) 1841	SPECIES			derbianus	Mallodelphys	Caluromys	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Jardine's Natur. Libr. vol.11 p.97		antioquiae  (Matschie, 1917); guayanus (Thomas, 1899); pictus (Thomas, 1913); pyrrhus Thomas, 1901; senex (Thomas, 1913); aztecus (Thomas, 1913); centralis (Hollister, 1914); canus (Matschie, 1917); fervidus (Thomas, 1913); nauticus (Thomas, 1913); pallidus (Thomas, 1899); unassigned: pulcher (Matschie, 1917).	Mexico, Central America, W Colombia, and W Ecuador.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Subgenus Mallodelphys. Reviewed by Bucher and Hoffmann (1980, Mammalian Species, 140). The name pulcher Matschie is based on a zoo specimen of unknown origin.	Derbys Woolly Opossum
10400008	Caluromys derbianus subsp. derbianus	(Waterhouse) 1841	SUBSPECIES		derbianus	derbianus	Mallodelphys	Caluromys	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Jardine's Natur. Libr. vol.11 p.97						
10400009	Caluromys derbianus subsp. aztecus	Thomas 1913	SUBSPECIES		aztecus	derbianus	Mallodelphys	Caluromys	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia							
10400010	Caluromys derbianus subsp. centralis	Hollister 1914	SUBSPECIES		centralis	derbianus	Mallodelphys	Caluromys	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia							
10400011	Caluromys derbianus subsp. fervidus	Thomas 1913	SUBSPECIES		fervidus	derbianus	Mallodelphys	Caluromys	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia							
10400012	Caluromys derbianus subsp. nauticus	Thomas 1913	SUBSPECIES		nauticus	derbianus	Mallodelphys	Caluromys	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia							
10400013	Caluromys derbianus subsp. pallidus	Thomas 1899	SUBSPECIES		pallidus	derbianus	Mallodelphys	Caluromys	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia							
10400058	Gracilinanus marica	Thomas 1898	SPECIES			marica		Gracilinanus	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.1 p.455		perijae  Hershkovitz, 1992.	N Colombia and Venezuela.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt); Data Deficient as G. perijae.		Northern Gracile Opossum
10400059	Gracilinanus microtarsus	Wagner 1842	SPECIES			microtarsus		Gracilinanus	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Arch. Naturgesch. vol.8 1 p.359		guahybae  (Tate, 1931); herhardti Miranda-Ribeiro, 1936.	SE Brazil.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Costa et al. (2003) detailed differences between G. agilis and G. microtarsus, two taxa that Gardner (1993) suggested could prove conspecific.	Brazilian Gracile Opossum
10400014	Caluromys lanatus	(Olfers) 1818	SPECIES			lanatus	Mallodelphys	Caluromys	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	In W. L. Eschwege, J. Brasilien, Neue Bibliothek. Reisen. vol.15 p.206		cahyensis  (Matschie, 1917); lanigera (Desmarest, 1820); cicur (Bangs, 1898); meridensis (Matschie, 1917); nattereri (Matschie, 1917); modesta (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1936); ochropus (Wagner, 1842); ornatus (Tschudi, 1845); bartletti (Matschie, 1917); jivaro (Thomas, 1913); juninensis (Matschie, 1917); vitalinus (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1936); <u>not allocated to subspecies:</u> hemiurus (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1936).	N and C Colombia, NW and S Venezuela, E Ecuador, E Perú, E Bolivia, E and S Paraguay, N Argentina (Provincia Misiones), and W and S Brazil.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Mallodelphys. The type locality of hemiurus (Miranda-Ribeiro) is Brazil, specific locality unknown. The name calmensis Vieira, 1955, is an incorrect subsequent spelling of cahyensis Matschie.	Brown-eared Woolly Opossum
10400015	Caluromys lanatus subsp. lanatus	(Olfers) 1818	SUBSPECIES		lanatus	lanatus	Mallodelphys	Caluromys	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	In W. L. Eschwege, J. Brasilien, Neue Bibliothek. Reisen. vol.15 p.206						
10400016	Caluromys lanatus subsp. cicur	Bangs 1898	SUBSPECIES		cicur	lanatus	Mallodelphys	Caluromys	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia							
10400018	Caluromys lanatus subsp. ochropus	Wagner 1842	SUBSPECIES		ochropus	lanatus	Mallodelphys	Caluromys	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia							
10400019	Caluromys lanatus subsp. ornatus	Tschudi 1845	SUBSPECIES		ornatus	lanatus	Mallodelphys	Caluromys	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia							
10400020	Caluromys lanatus subsp. vitalinus	Miranda-Ribeiro 1936	SUBSPECIES		vitalinus	lanatus	Mallodelphys	Caluromys	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia							
10400021	Caluromys philander	(Linnaeus) 1758	SPECIES			philander	Caluromys	Caluromys	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.54		cajopolin  (Müller, 1776); cayopollin (Schreber, 1777); leucurus Thomas, 1904; affinis (Wagner, 1842); dichurus (Wagner, 1842); trinitatis (Thomas, 1894); venezuelae Thomas, 1903.	Venezuela (including Margarita Isl), Trinidad, Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana, Brazil, and E Bolivia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Caluromys. Didelphys longicaudata Pelzeln, 1883, and D. macrura Pelzeln, 1883 (not D. macrura Olfers, 1818 [= Thylamy macrura]) are nomina nuda; dichrura Schinz, 1844, dichrura Cabrera, 1919, and dichrurus Vieira, 1953, are incorrect subsequent spellings of dichura Wagner.	Bare-tailed Woolly Opossum
11200032	Petrodromus tetradactylus subsp. sultani	Thomas 1897	SUBSPECIES		sultani	tetradactylus		Petrodromus	Macroscelididae	Macroscelidea							
10400026	Caluromysiops	Sanborn 1951	GENUS					Caluromysiops	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Fieldiana Zool. vol.31 p.474	Caluromysiops irrupta Sanborn, 1951.				Monotypic.	
10400027	Caluromysiops irrupta	Sanborn 1951	SPECIES			irrupta		Caluromysiops	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Fieldiana Zool. vol.31 p.474			SE Colombia, SE Perú, and W Brazil.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Uncommon to rare; see review by Izor and Pine (1987).	Black-shouldered Opossum
10400028	Glironia	Thomas 1912	GENUS					Glironia	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.9 p.239	Glironia venusta Thomas, 1912, by original designation.					
10400029	Glironia venusta	Thomas 1912	SPECIES			venusta		Glironia	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.9 p.240		aequatorialis  Anthony, 1926; criniger Anthony, 1926.	Amazonian Brazil, Ecuador, Perú, and Bolivia.	IUCN  Vulnerable; rare.	Reviewed by Marshall (1978c, Mammalian Species, 107).	Bushy-tailed Opossum
10400030	Didelphinae	Gray 1821	SUBFAMILY						Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	London Med. Repos. vol.15 p.308		Chironectinae, Lestodephyinae, Lutreolininae, Marmosidae, Marmosinae, Metachirinae, Monodelphinae, Thylamyinae.			Hershkovitz (1992a) restricted the Didelphinae to the genera Chironectes, Didelphis, Philander, and Lutreolina. Hershkovitz (1997) further restricted the Didelphinae by establishing Chironectinae and Lutreolininae for Chironectes and Lutreolina, respectively.	
10400031	Chironectes	Illiger 1811	GENUS					Chironectes	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Prodr. Syst. Mammal. Avium. p.76	Lutra minima Zimmermann, 1780, by monotypy.	Gamba  Liais, 1872 [part]; Memina G. Fischer, 1814; Sarigua Muirhead, 1819 [part].			Memina G. Fischer, 1813, is a nomen nudum. Cheronectes Fleming, 1822, Cheironectes Gray, 1827, Cheironectes Jentink, 1888, and Chironeytes Goeldi and Hagmann, 1904, are incorrect subsequent spellings of Chironectes Illiger.	
13700622	Sorex volnuchini subsp. volnuchini	Ognev 1922	SUBSPECIES		volnuchini	volnuchini	Sorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mus. Zool. Akad. St. Petersbourg vol.22 p.322						
13700623	Sorex volnuchini subsp. dahli	Zagorodnyuk 1996	SUBSPECIES		dahli	volnuchini	Sorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
10400060	Gracilinanus microtarsus subsp. microtarsus	Wagner 1842	SUBSPECIES		microtarsus	microtarsus		Gracilinanus	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Arch. Naturgesch. vol.8 1 p.359						
10400061	Gracilinanus microtarsus subsp. guahybae	Tate 1931	SUBSPECIES		guahybae	microtarsus		Gracilinanus	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia							
10400062	Hyladelphys	Voss, Lunde, and Simmons 2001	GENUS					Hyladelphys	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.263 p.30	Gracilinanus kalinowskii Hershkovitz, 1992, by original designation.				Monotypic.	
10400032	Chironectes minimus	(Zimmermann) 1780	SPECIES			minimus		Chironectes	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Geogr. Gesch. Mensch. Vierf. Thiere vol.2 p.317		cayennensis  Turton, 1800; guianensis Kerr, 1792; gujanensis Link, 1795; palmata Daudin in Lacépède, 1802; paraguensis Kerr, 1792; sarcovienna Shaw, 1800; variegatus Olfers, 1818; yapock Desmarest, 1820; argyrodytes Dickey, 1928; langsdorffi Boitard, 1845; bresslaui Pohle, 1927; panamensis Goldman, 1914.	Oaxaca and Tabasco, México, south through Central America to Colombia, Ecuador, Brazil, Perú, Venezuela, the Guianas, Paraguay, and NE Argentina.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt)	Reviewed by Marshall (1978d, Mammalian Species, 109). The spelling variegatus Illiger, 1815, is a nomen nudum. The spellings memia Desmarest, 1803, memina Boddaert, 1784, memina F. Cuvier, 1825, memmina Desmarest, 1804, and memmina Muirhead, 1819, are incorrect subsequent spellings of minimus Zimmermann.	Water Opossum
10400033	Chironectes minimus subsp. minimus	(Zimmermann) 1780	SUBSPECIES		minimus	minimus		Chironectes	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Geogr. Gesch. Mensch. Vierf. Thiere vol.2 p.317						
10400034	Chironectes minimus subsp. argyrodytes	Dickey 1928	SUBSPECIES		argyrodytes	minimus		Chironectes	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia							
10400035	Chironectes minimus subsp. langsdorffi	Boitard 1845	SUBSPECIES		langsdorffi	minimus		Chironectes	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia							
10400036	Chironectes minimus subsp. panamensis	Goldman 1914	SUBSPECIES		panamensis	minimus		Chironectes	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia							
10400049	Didelphis virginiana subsp. yucatanensis	J. A. Allen 1901	SUBSPECIES		yucatanensis	virginiana		Didelphis	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia							
10400037	Didelphis	Linnaeus 1758	GENUS					Didelphis	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.54	Didelphis marsupialis Linnaeus, 1758, by subsequent selection (Thomas, 1888).	Dasyurotherium  Liais, 1872 [replacement name for Thylacotherium Lund]; Dimerodon Ameghino, 1889; Gamba Liais, 1872 [part]; Gambatherium Liais, 1872 [replacement name for Thylacotherium Lund]; Leucodidelphis Ihering, 1914; Opossum Schmid, 1818 [part]; Sarigua Muirhead, 1819 [part]; Thylacotherium Lund, 1839 [preoccupied].			Didelphys Schreber, 1778, is an invalid emendation of Didelphis Linnaeus, and Leucodidelphys Krumbiegel, 1941, is an invalid emendation of Leucodidelphis Ihering, 1914. Didelphus Lapham, 1853, is an incorrect subsequent spelling of Didelphis Linnaeus.	
10400038	Didelphis albiventris	Lund 1840	SPECIES			albiventris		Didelphis	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	K. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Afhandl. [preprint of Lund, 1841] p.20		antigua  Ameghino, 1889; bonariensis (Marelli, 1930); brasiliensis (Liais, 1872) (part); dennleri (Marelli, 1930); lechei (Ihering, 1892); leucotis (Wagner, 1847); paraguayensis (J. A. Allen, 1902) [not available from Oken, 1816]; poecilonota (Schinz, 1844); poecilotis Wagner, 1842.	Colombia, Ecuador, Perú, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, and the northern half of Argentina.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Formerly known as D. azarae; see Hershkovitz (1969). Didelphis paraguayensis J. A. Allen, 1902, ex Oken, 1816 (= Didelphis albiventris Lund) is the type species of Leucodidelphis Ihering, 1914.	White-eared Opossum
10400053	Gracilinanus agricolai	(Moojen) 1943	SPECIES			agricolai		Gracilinanus	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Bol. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, Nova Sér., Zool. vol.5 p.2			Known only from the type locality.		Included in emiliae (Thomas) by Gardner (1993; see review of emiliae by Voss et al., 2001); placement in Gracilinanus tentative and problematic.	Agricolas Gracile Opossum
10900040	Echymipera kalubu subsp. cockerelli	Ramsay 1877	SUBSPECIES		cockerelli	kalubu		Echymipera	Peramelidae	Peramelemorphia							
10400039	Didelphis aurita	(Wied-Neuwied) 1826	SPECIES			aurita		Didelphis	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Beitr. Naturgesch. Brasil. vol.2 p.395		azarae  Temminck, 1824 [see comments]; brasiliensis (Liais, 1872) [part]; koseritzi Ihering, 1892; longipilis Miranda-Ribeiro, 1935; melanoidis Miranda-Ribeiro, 1935; typica (Thomas, 1888) [part].	E Brazil, SE Paraguay, and NE Argentina.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Previously considered a disjunct population of D. marsupialis (see Cerqueira, 1985). The senior synonym is D. azarae Temminck, 1824 (see Hershkovitz, 1969); however, the name had been misapplied to D. albiventris for over 160 years. The name leucoprymnus Matschie, 1916, is a nomen nudum; longigilis Ávila-Pires, 1968, is an incorrect subsequent spelling of longipilis Miranda-Ribeiro.	Big-eared Opossum
10400040	Didelphis imperfecta	Mondolfi and Pérez-Hernández 1984	SPECIES			imperfecta		Didelphis	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Acta Cient. Venezolana vol.35 p.407			Venezuela (south of the Orinoco), SW Suriname, French Guiana, and N Brazil.		Previously included in D. albiventris (see Gardner, 1993); revised by Lemos and Cerqueira (2002).	Guianan White-eared Opossum
13700405	Chimarrogale platycephalus	Temminck 1842	SPECIES			platycephalus		Chimarrogale	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Fauna Japon. vol.1(Mamm.) p.p. 23, pl. V, fig. 1			Most of the Japanese Isls.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Included in himalayica since Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), but retained as a separate species by Harrison (1958), Hutterer and Hürter (1981), Hoffmann (1987), and Corbet and Hill (1991). Arai et al. (1985) reported on clinal size variation in Japan. For date of publication see Holthuis and Sakai (1970). The species name is often spelled platycephala (as such in the second edition, 1993a); however, platycephalus is to be regarded as a noun, in which case the specific name does not change with the gender of the genus (C. Smeenk, in litt., 2002). Detailed observations on distribution and habitat provided by Abe (2003). Karyotype has 2n = 52, FN = 104 (Obara and Tada, 1985).	Japanese Water Shrew
10400041	Didelphis marsupialis	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			marsupialis		Didelphis	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.54		austroamericana  J. A. Allen, 1902 [not available from Oken, 1816]; brasiliensis (Liais, 1872) [part]; cancrivora Gmelin, 1788; karkinophaga Zimmermann, 1780; typica (Thomas, 1888); caucae J. A. Allen, 1900; battyi J. A. Allen, 1902; colombica J. A. Allen, 1900; etensis J. A. Allen, 1902; insularis J. A. Allen, 1902; mesamericana J. A. Allen, 1902 [part; not available from Oken, 1816]; particeps Goldman, 1917; richmondi J. A. Allen, 1901; tabascensis J. A. Allen, 1901.	Tamaulipas, México, south throughout Central and South America to Perú, Bolivia, and Brazil.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Middle American populations were revised by Gardner (1973); Cerqueira (1985) treated the species as monotypic; carcinophaga Boddaert, 1784, is an invalid emendation of karkinophaga Zimmermann.	Common Opossum
10400042	Didelphis marsupialis subsp. marsupialis	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		marsupialis	marsupialis		Didelphis	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.54						
10400043	Didelphis marsupialis subsp. caucae	J. A. Allen 1900	SUBSPECIES		caucae	marsupialis		Didelphis	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia							
10400044	Didelphis pernigra	J. A. Allen 1900	SPECIES			pernigra		Didelphis	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist vol.13 p.191		andina  J. A. Allen, 1902; meridensis J. A. Allen, 1902.	Andes of Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Perú, and Bolivia.		Previously in albiventris (see Gardner, 1993); revised by Lemos and Cerqueira (2002).	Andean White-eared Opossum
10400045	Didelphis virginiana	Kerr 1792	SPECIES			virginiana		Didelphis	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	In Linnaeus, Anim. Kingdom p.193		boreoamericana  J. A. Allen, 1902 [not available from Oken, 1816]; illinensium Link, 1795; pilosissima Link, 1795; pruinosa Wagner, 1843; typica (Thomas, 1888) [part]; woapink Barton, 1806; californica Bennett, 1833; breviceps Bennett, 1833; mesamericana J. A. Allen, 1902 [part; not available from Oken, 1816]; pigra Bangs, 1898; texensis J. A. Allen, 1901; yucatanensis J. A. Allen, 1901; cozumelae Merriam, 1901.	S Canada; E and C United States (with introduced populations in Pacific states); México; and in Central America south into N Costa Rica.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Revised by Gardner (1973, 1982); reviewed by McManus (1974, Mammalian Species, 40).	Virginia Opossum
10400046	Didelphis virginiana subsp. virginiana	Kerr 1792	SUBSPECIES		virginiana	virginiana		Didelphis	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	In Linnaeus, Anim. Kingdom p.193						
10400047	Didelphis virginiana subsp. californica	Bennett 1833	SUBSPECIES		californica	virginiana		Didelphis	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia							
10400048	Didelphis virginiana subsp. pigra	Bangs 1898	SUBSPECIES		pigra	virginiana		Didelphis	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia							
10400083	Marmosa robinsoni subsp. grenadae	Thomas 1911	SUBSPECIES		grenadae	robinsoni		Marmosa	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia							
10400050	Gracilinanus	Gardner and Creighton 1989	GENUS					Gracilinanus	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.102 p.4	Didelphys microtarsus Wagner, 1842, by original designation.	Didelphis Linnaeus, 1758 [part]; Grymaeomys Burmeister, 1854 [part].			Previously in Marmosa (sensu lato; see Gardner and Creighton, 1989).	
10400051	Gracilinanus aceramarcae	(Tate) 1931	SPECIES			aceramarcae		Gracilinanus	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.493 p.12			Bolivia (type locality) and SE Perú.	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Included under Thylamys by Reig et al. (1987).	Aceramarca Gracile Opossum
10400052	Gracilinanus agilis	(Burmeister) 1854	SPECIES			agilis		Gracilinanus	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Syst. Uebers. Thiere Bras. vol.1 p.139		beatrix  (Thomas, 1910); blaseri (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1936); buenavistae (Tate, 1931); chacoensis (Tate, 1931); peruana (Tate, 1931); rondoni (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1936); unduaviensis (Tate, 1931).	Brazil, E Perú, E Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, and adjacent Argentina.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Anderson (1997) recognized three subspecies in Bolivia, and Flores et al. (2000) recognized G. a. chacoensis in Argentina; however, limits between subspecies are unclear and the species is treated here as monotypic pending revision. Costa et al. (2003) detailed differences between G. agilis and G. microtarsus, two taxa that Gardner (1993) suggested could prove conspecific.	Agile Gracile Opossum
10400054	Gracilinanus dryas	Thomas 1898	SPECIES			dryas		Gracilinanus	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.1 p.456			Andes of W Venezuela.	IUCN Vulnerable.		Wood Sprite Gracile Opossum
10400055	Gracilinanus emiliae	Thomas 1909	SPECIES			emiliae		Gracilinanus	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.3 p.379		longicaudis  Hershkovitz, 1992.	Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, NE Brazil.	IUCN  Vulnerable; Listed as Data Deficient as G. longicaudis, but G. longicaudis represents a misidentification by Hershkovitz and has no standing as a species or as a population.	See review by Voss et al., (2001).	Emilias Gracile Opossum
10400056	Gracilinanus formosus	Shamel 1930	SPECIES			formosus		Gracilinanus	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	J. Mammal. vol.11 p.311		Marmosa muscula  Shamel, 1930 [preoccupied].	Known only from the type locality in Formosa Province, Argentina.		Included in agilis (Burmeister) by Gardner (1993); placement in Gracilinanus tentative and problematic.	Pygmy Opossum
10400063	Hyladelphys kalinowskii	Hershkovitz 1992	SPECIES			kalinowskii		Hyladelphys	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Fieldiana Zool., n.s. vol.70 p.37			S Guyana, N French Guiana, west to E Perú.	IUCN  Data Deficient as Gracilinanus kalinowskii.	Described as Gracilinanus kalinowskii; see Voss et al. (2001).	Kalinowskis Mouse Opossum
10400064	Lestodelphys	Tate 1934	GENUS					Lestodelphys	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	J. Mammal. vol.15 p.154	Notodelphys halli Thomas, 1921, by original designation.	Notodelphys  Thomas, 1921 [preoccupied].			Monotypic.	
10400065	Lestodelphys halli	Thomas 1921	SPECIES			halli		Lestodelphys	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.8 p.137			Provincia Mendoza south to Provincia de Santa Cruz, Argentina.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Reviewed by L. G. Marshall (1977, Mammalian Species, 81).	Patagonian Opossum
10400066	Lutreolina	Thomas 1910	GENUS					Lutreolina	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.5 p.247	Didelphis crassicaudata Desmarest, 1804, by monotypy.	Didelphis Linnaeus, 1758 [part]; Sarigua Muirhead, 1819 [part].				
10400084	Marmosa robinsoni subsp. isthmica	Goldman 1912	SUBSPECIES		isthmica	robinsoni		Marmosa	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia							
10400067	Lutreolina crassicaudata	Desmarest 1804	SPECIES			crassicaudata		Lutreolina	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Tabl. Méth. Hist. Nat., in Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat. vol.24 p.19		bonaria  Thomas, 1923; crassicaudis (Olfers, 1818); ferruginea Larrañaga, 1923; lutrilla Thomas, 1923; paranalis Thomas, 1923; travassosi Miranda-Ribeiro, 1936; turneri (Günther, 1879).	South America in two populations: E Colombia, Venezuela, and W Guyana; E Bolivia, SE Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Argentina south to Provincia de Buenos Aires.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Marshall (1978a, Mammalian Species, 91). The names crassicaudis Olfers, 1815, and mustelina Waterhouse, 1846, are nomina nuda.	Lutrine Opossum
10400068	Lutreolina crassicaudata subsp. crassicaudata	Desmarest 1804	SUBSPECIES		crassicaudata	crassicaudata		Lutreolina	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Tabl. Méth. Hist. Nat., in Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat. vol.24 p.19						
10400069	Lutreolina crassicaudata subsp. turneri	Günther 1879	SUBSPECIES		turneri	crassicaudata		Lutreolina	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia							
10400070	Marmosa	Gray 1821	GENUS					Marmosa	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	London Med. Repos. vol.15 p.308	Didelphis marina Gray, 1821, by monotypy (incorrect subsequent spelling of Didelphis murina Linnaeus, 1758).	Asagis  Gloger, 1841; Cuica Liais, 1872; Didelphis Linnaeus, 1758 [part]; Grayium Kretzoi and Kretzoi, 2000; Grymaeomys Burmeister, 1854; Notagogus Gloger, 1841; Opossum Schmid, 1818 [part]; Sarigua Muirhead, 1819 [part]; Stegomarmosa Pine, 1972.			Ouica Cabrera, 1958, is an incorrect subsequent spelling of Cuica Liais.	
10400071	Marmosa andersoni	Pine 1972	SPECIES			andersoni		Marmosa	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	J. Mammal. vol.53 p.279			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Type species of Stegomarmosa Pine.	Heavy-browed Mouse Opossum
10400072	Marmosa lepida	Thomas 1888	SPECIES			lepida		Marmosa	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.1 p.158		grandis  Tate, 1931.	Surinam and E Colombia, Ecuador, Perú, Brazil, and Bolivia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).		Rufous Mouse Opossum
10400073	Marmosa mexicana	Merriam 1897	SPECIES			mexicana		Marmosa	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.11 p.44		mayensis  Osgood, 1913; savannarum Goldman, 1917; zeledoni Goldman, 1917.	Tamaulipas, México to W Panamá.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Mexican Mouse Opossum
10400074	Marmosa mexicana subsp. mexicana	Merriam 1897	SUBSPECIES		mexicana	mexicana		Marmosa	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.11 p.44						
10400075	Marmosa mexicana subsp. mayensis	Osgood 1913	SUBSPECIES		mayensis	mexicana		Marmosa	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia							
10400076	Marmosa mexicana subsp. savannarum	Goldman 1917	SUBSPECIES		savannarum	mexicana		Marmosa	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia							
10400077	Marmosa murina	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			murina		Marmosa	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.55		bombascarae  Anthony, 1922; chloe Thomas, 1907; dorsigera (Linnaeus, 1758); duidae Tate, 1931; guianensis (Kerr, 1792); klagesi J. A. Allen, 1900; macrotarsus (Wagner, 1842); madeirensis Cabrera, 1913; maranii Thomas, 1924; meridionalis Miranda-Ribeiro, 1936; moreirae Miranda-Ribeiro, 1936; muscula (Cabanis, 1848); parata Thomas, 1911; roraimae Tate, 1931; tobagi Thomas, 1911; waterhousii (Tomes, 1860).	Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana, Brazil, E Ecuador, E Perú, and Bolivia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Tate (1933) recognized 8 subspecies and Cabrera (1959) recognized 7; however, limits between subspecies are unclear and the species is treated here as monotypic pending revision. Work by Patton and Costa (2003) suggests that, as currently understood, murina is composite. The names marina E. Geoffroy, 1803, and marina Gray, 1821, are incorrect subsequent spellings of murina Linnaeus; waterhausi Miranda-Ribeiro, 1936, is an incorrect subsequent spelling of waterhousii (Tomes). Didelphis murina Linnaeus, 1758, is the type species of Asagis Gloger, 1841; Notagogus Gloger, 1841; Grymaeomys Burmeister, 1854; and Cuica Liais, 1872.	Linnaeuss Mouse Opossum
10400078	Marmosa quichua	Thomas 1899	SPECIES			quichua		Marmosa	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.3 p.43		musicola  Osgood, 1913.	E Perú.		Included in murina by Gardner (1993); see Voss et al. (2001:41).	Quechuan Mouse Opossum
10400079	Marmosa robinsoni	Bangs 1898	SPECIES			robinsoni		Marmosa	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.12 p.95		casta  Thomas, 1911; mitis Bangs, 1898; pallidiventris Osgood, 1912; chapmani J. A. Allen, 1900; nesaea Thomas, 1911; fulviventer Bangs, 1901; grenadae Thomas, 1911; isthmica Goldman, 1912; luridavolta Goodwin, 1961; ruatanica Goldman, 1911; simonsi Thomas, 1899; mimetra Thomas, 1921.	Belize, Honduras (Isla Ruatán), Panamá, Colombia, W Ecuador, NW Perú, N Venezuela, and Grenada (Lesser Antilles).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by O'Connell (1983, Mammalian Species, 203).	Robinsons Mouse Opossum
10400080	Marmosa robinsoni subsp. robinsoni	Bangs 1898	SUBSPECIES		robinsoni	robinsoni		Marmosa	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.12 p.95						
10400081	Marmosa robinsoni subsp. chapmani	J. A. Allen 1900	SUBSPECIES		chapmani	robinsoni		Marmosa	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia							
10400082	Marmosa robinsoni subsp. fulviventer	Bangs 1901	SUBSPECIES		fulviventer	robinsoni		Marmosa	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia							
10400085	Marmosa robinsoni subsp. luridavolta	Goodwin 1961	SUBSPECIES		luridavolta	robinsoni		Marmosa	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia							
10400086	Marmosa robinsoni subsp. ruatanica	Goldman 1911	SUBSPECIES		ruatanica	robinsoni		Marmosa	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia							
10400087	Marmosa robinsoni subsp. simonsi	Thomas 1899	SUBSPECIES		simonsi	robinsoni		Marmosa	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia							
10400088	Marmosa rubra	Tate 1931	SPECIES			rubra		Marmosa	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.493 p.6			E Ecuador and Perú.	IUCN Lower Risk (lc).		Red Mouse Opossum
10400089	Marmosa tyleriana	Tate 1931	SPECIES			tyleriana		Marmosa	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.493 p.6		phelpsi  Tate, 1939.	Guayanan Highland tepuis of Venezuela.	IUCN  Data Deficient.		Tyleria Mouse Opossum
10400090	Marmosa xerophila	Handley and Gordon 1979	SPECIES			xerophila		Marmosa	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	In J. F. Eisenberg (ed.), Vertebrate ecology in the northern Neotropics, Smithson. Inst. Press p.68			NE Colombia and NW Venezuela.	IUCN  Endangered.		Guajira Mouse Opossum
10400123	Micoureus demerarae subsp. esmeraldae	Tate 1931	SUBSPECIES		esmeraldae	demerarae		Micoureus	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia							
10400091	Marmosops	Matschie 1916	GENUS					Marmosops	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr., Berlin vol.1916 1 p.267	Didelphis incana Lund, 1840, by original designation.	Didelphis Linnaeus, 1758 [part]; Grymaeomys Burmeister, 1854 [part]; Thylamys Gray, 1821 [part].			Previously in Marmosa (sensu lato; see Gardner and Creighton, 1989).	
10400092	Marmosops bishopi	(Pine) 1981	SPECIES			bishopi		Marmosops	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Mammalia vol.45 p.63			Brasil, Perú, and Bolivia.		Described as a subspecies of M. parvidens; treated as a species by Voss et al. (2001:48).	Bishops Slender Opossum
10400093	Marmosops cracens	(Handley and Gordon) 1979	SPECIES			cracens		Marmosops	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	In J. F. Eisenberg (ed.), Vertebrate ecology in the northern Neotropics, Smithson. Inst. Press. p.66			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN  Endangered.		Narrow-headed Slender Opossum
10400094	Marmosops dorothea	(Thomas) 1911	SPECIES			dorothea		Marmosops	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.7 p.516		yungasensis  (Tate, 1931).	NE Bolivia.	IUCN  Vulnerable (B1+2c).		Dorothys Slender opossum
10400095	Marmosops fuscatus	Thomas 1896	SPECIES			fuscatus		Marmosops	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.18 p.313		carri  (J. A. Allen and Chapman, 1897); perfuscus (Thomas, 1924).	E Andes of Colombia, N Venezuela, and Isl of Trinidad.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).		Dusky Slender Opossum
10400096	Marmosops fuscatus subsp. fuscatus	Thomas 1896	SUBSPECIES		fuscatus	fuscatus		Marmosops	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.18 p.313						
10400097	Marmosops fuscatus subsp. carri	J. A. Allen and Chapman 1897	SUBSPECIES		carri	fuscatus		Marmosops	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia							
10400098	Marmosops fuscatus subsp. perfuscus	Thomas 1924	SUBSPECIES		perfuscus	fuscatus		Marmosops	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia							
10400099	Marmosops handleyi	Pine 1981	SPECIES			handleyi		Marmosops	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Mammalia vol.45 p.67			Known from the vicinity of the type locality.	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Known from only two specimens.	Handleys Slender Opossum
10400111	Metachirus nudicaudatus subsp. nudicaudatus	É. Geoffroy 1803	SUBSPECIES		nudicaudatus	nudicaudatus		Metachirus	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Cat. Mam. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Paris p.142						
10400100	Marmosops impavidus	(Tschudi) 1845	SPECIES			impavidus		Marmosops	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Fauna Peruana vol.1 p.149		albiventris  (Tate, 1931); caucae (Thomas, 1900); celicae (Anthony, 1922); madescens (Osgood, 1913); ocellata (Tate, 1931); oroensis (Anthony, 1922); purui (Miller, 1913); sobrina (Thomas, 1913); ucayaliensis (Tate, 1931).	Darién of Panamá to Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Perú, W Brazil, and E Bolivia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	This taxon is too poorly known to assign names to subspecies with confidence.	Tschudis Slender Opossum
10400101	Marmosops incanus	Lund 1840	SPECIES			incanus		Marmosops	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	K. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Afhandl. [preprint of Lund, 1841] p.21		bahiensis  (Tate, 1931); scapulatus (Burmeister, 1856).	E Brazil from the states of Bahia south to São Paulo.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Reviewed by Mustrangi and Patton (1997).	Gray Slender Opossum
10400102	Marmosops invictus	Goldman 1912	SPECIES			invictus		Marmosops	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Smithson. Misc. Coll. vol.60 2 p.3			Panamá.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Reviewed by Pine (1981).	Panama Slender Opossum
10400103	Marmosops juninensis	Tate 1931	SPECIES			juninensis		Marmosops	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.493 p.13			Chanchamayo Valley of Perú.		Included under parvidens by Gardner (1993); considered a species by Voss et al. (2001:47).	Junin Slender Opossum
10400149	Monodelphis theresa	Thomas 1921	SPECIES			theresa		Monodelphis	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.8 p.441			E Brazil.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	The Peruvian distribution given by Gardner (1993) was based on a similar, but undescribed species from Departamento Huánaco.	Southern Three-striped Opossum
10400104	Marmosops neblina	Gardner 1990	SPECIES			neblina		Marmosops	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	In K. H. Redford and J. F. Eisenberg, eds., Advances in Neotropical Mammalogy, The Sandhill Crane Press, Inc. p.414			S Venezuela, E Ecuador, E Perú, and W Brazil (Patton et al., 2000).		Described as a subspecies of M. impavidus; reviewed by Mustrangi and Patton (1997) and Patton et al. (2000). The spelling neblinae Linares, 1998, is an incorrect subsequent spelling of neblina (Gardner). One of the several names grouped under M. impavidus may prove to be a senior synonym for neblina.	Neblina Slender Opossum
10400105	Marmosops noctivagus	Tschudi 1844	SPECIES			noctivagus		Marmosops	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Fauna Peruana vol.1 p.148		collega  (Thomas, 1920); keaysi (J. A. Allen, 1900); leucastra (Thomas, 1927); lugenda (Thomas, 1927); neglecta (Osgood, 1915); polita (Cabrera, 1913); stollei (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1936).	Amazonian Ecuador, Perú, Bolivia, and adjacent Brazil.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Anderson (1997) recognized M. noctivagus keaysi in Bolivia. Nevertheless, noctivagus is too poorly known to assign names to subspecies with confidence.	White-bellied Slender Opossum
10400106	Marmosops parvidens	Tate 1931	SPECIES			parvidens		Marmosops	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.493 p.13			E Colombia, N Venezuela, Guyana, French Guiana and N Brazil.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Voss et al. (2001) considered Pines (1981) five subspecies to represent four species. The name parvidentata Tate, 1933, is an incorrect subsequent spelling of parvidens (Tate).	Delicate Slender Opossum
10400107	Marmosops paulensis	Tate 1931	SPECIES			paulensis		Marmosops	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.493 p.8			SE Brazil in states of Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, and Paraná.		Reviewed by Mustrangi and Patton (1997).	Brazilian Slender Opossum
10400108	Marmosops pinheiroi	Pine 1981	SPECIES			pinheiroi		Marmosops	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Mammalia vol.45 p.61		woodalli  (Pine, 1981).	Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, and Brazil.		Not a subspecies of M. parvidens; see Voss et al. (2001).	Pinheiros Slender Opossum
10400109	Metachirus	Burmeister 1854	GENUS					Metachirus	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Syst. Uebers. Thiere Bras. vol.1 p.135	Didelphis myosuros Temminck, 1824, by subsequent designation (Thomas, 1888).	Cuica  Liais, 1872 (part).			Hall (1981) followed Pine (1973) in using the name Philander; see Hershkovitz (1976, 1981) who reaffirmed the use of Philander for the gray four-eyed opossums. Metacherius Sanderson, 1949, is an incorrect subsequent spelling of Metachirus Burmeister.	
10400110	Metachirus nudicaudatus	É. Geoffroy 1803	SPECIES			nudicaudatus		Metachirus	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Cat. Mam. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Paris p.142		colombianus  J. A. Allen, 1900; antioquiae J. A. Allen, 1916; dentaneus Goldman, 1912; imbutus Thomas, 1923; phaeurus Thomas, 1901; modestus Thomas, 1923; myosuros (Temminck, 1824); personatus Miranda-Ribeiro, 1936; tschudii J. A. Allen, 1900; bolivianus J. A. Allen, 1901; infuscus Thomas, 1923.	Nicaragua to Paraguay and N Argentina.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	É. Geoffroy St.-Hilaire's (1803) catalog of the mammals in the Paris Museum was previously considered an unpublished work (Wilson and Reeder, 1993); therefore, Gardner (1993) dated nudicaudatus from Desmarest, 1817. Geoffroys catalog was subsequently placed on the Official List of Works Approved as Available for Zoological Nomenclature (Opinion 2005 of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 2002). The names nudicauda Lesson, 1827, and nudicaudus Gray, 1843, are incorrect subsequent spellings of nudicaudatus (É. Geoffroy). The name colombica J. A. Allen, 1901, is an incorrect subsequent spelling of colombianus J. A. Allen.	Brown Four-eyed Opossum
10400113	Metachirus nudicaudatus subsp. modestus	Thomas 1923	SUBSPECIES		modestus	nudicaudatus		Metachirus	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia							
10400114	Metachirus nudicaudatus subsp. myosuros	Temminck 1824	SUBSPECIES		myosuros	nudicaudatus		Metachirus	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia							
10400115	Metachirus nudicaudatus subsp. tschudii	J. A. Allen 1900	SUBSPECIES		tschudii	nudicaudatus		Metachirus	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia							
10400116	Micoureus	Lesson 1842	GENUS					Micoureus	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Nouv. Tabl. Regn. Anim. Mammifères p.186	Didelphis cinerea Temminck, 1824, by subsequent designation (Thomas, 1888a).	Grymaeomys Burmeister, 1854 [part].			Previously in Marmosa (sensu lato; see Gardner and Creighton, 1989). Micoures Reig et al. (1985) and Micoures Massoia, 1988, are incorrect subsequent spellings of Micoureus Lesson.	
10400117	Micoureus alstoni	J. A. Allen 1900	SPECIES			alstoni		Micoureus	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.13 p.189		nicaraguae  Thomas, 1905.	E Central America from Belize to Panamá and adjacent Caribbean islands.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	The species also may occur in Colombia.	Alstons Mouse Opossum
10400118	Micoureus constantiae	Thomas 1903 "1904"	SPECIES			constantiae		Micoureus	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1903[1904] 2 p.243		budini  (Thomas, 1920).	E Bolivia and adjacent Brazil south into N Argentina.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Anderson recognized M. c. constantiae and M. c. budini in Bolivia.	White-bellied Woolly Mouse Opossum
10400119	Micoureus demerarae	Thomas 1905	SPECIES			demerarae		Micoureus	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.16 p.313		areniticola  (Tate, 1931); dominus (Thomas, 1920); limae (Thomas, 1920); esmeraldae (Tate, 1931); meridae (Tate, 1931).	Colombia, Venezuela, French Guiana, Guyana, Surinam, Brazil, E Perú, and E Bolivia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Previously included under Marmosa cinerea (Temminck, 1824).	Woolly Mouse Opossum
10400120	Micoureus demerarae subsp. demerarae	Thomas 1905	SUBSPECIES		demerarae	demerarae		Micoureus	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.16 p.313						
10400121	Micoureus demerarae subsp. areniticola	Tate 1931	SUBSPECIES		areniticola	demerarae		Micoureus	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia							
10400122	Micoureus demerarae subsp. dominus	Thomas 1920	SUBSPECIES		dominus	demerarae		Micoureus	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia							
10400125	Micoureus paraguayanus	Tate 1931	SPECIES			paraguayanus		Micoureus	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Amer. Mus. Novit. vol.493 p.1		travassosi  (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1936); cinerea (Temminck, 1824) [preoccupied]; pfrimeri (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1936).	 E Brazil from Minas Gerais and S Bahia south to Rio Grande do Sul and E Paraguay.		Previously included under Marmosa cinerea; original name Didelphis cinerea Temminck, 1824, preoccupied by D. cinerea Goldfuss, 1812. Included in M. demerarae by Gardner (1993); see review by Patton and Costa (2003).	Tates Woolly Mouse Opossum
10400126	Micoureus paraguayanus subsp. paraguayanus	Tate 1931	SUBSPECIES		paraguayanus	paraguayanus		Micoureus	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Amer. Mus. Novit. vol.493 p.1						
10400127	Micoureus paraguayanus subsp. travassosi	Miranda-Ribeiro 1936	SUBSPECIES		travassosi	paraguayanus		Micoureus	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia							
10400128	Micoureus phaeus	(Thomas) 1899	SPECIES			phaeus		Micoureus	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.3 p.44		perplexa  (Anthony, 1922).	W slopes of the Andes from SW Colombia to SW Ecuador.		pahea Ceballos Bendezu, 1981, is an incorrect subsequent spelling of phaea (Thomas).	Little Woolly Mouse Opossum
10400129	Micoureus regina	Thomas 1898	SPECIES			regina		Micoureus	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.2 p.274		germana  (Thomas, 1904); parda (Tate, 1931); rutteri (Thomas, 1924); rapposa (Thomas, 1899); mapiriensis (Tate, 1931).	Colombia, Ecuador, Perú, Brazil, and Bolivia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Bare-tailed Woolly Mouse Opossum
10400130	Micoureus regina subsp. regina	Thomas 1898	SUBSPECIES		regina	regina		Micoureus	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.2 p.274						
10400131	Micoureus regina subsp. germana	Thomas 1904	SUBSPECIES		germana	regina		Micoureus	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia							
10400132	Micoureus regina subsp. rapposa	Thomas 1899	SUBSPECIES		rapposa	regina		Micoureus	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia							
10400133	Monodelphis	Burnett 1829 "1830"	GENUS					Monodelphis	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Quart. J. Sci. Lit. Art. vol.1829[1830] p.351	Monodelphis brachyura Burnett, 1830 (= Didelphys brachyuros Schreber, 1777, = Didelphis brevicaudata Erxleben, 1777) by subsequent designation (Matschie, 1916).	Hemiurus  Gervais, 1855; Microdelphys Burmeister, 1856; Minuania Cabrera, 1919; Monodelphiops Matschie, 1916; Peramys Lesson, 1842.			Microdidelphys Trouessart, 1898, is an incorrect subsequent spelling of Microdelphys Burmeister.	
10400134	Monodelphis adusta	Thomas 1897	SPECIES			adusta		Monodelphis	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.20 p.219		melanops  (Goldman, 1912); peruvianus (Osgood, 1913).	E Panamá, Colombia, Ecuador, Perú, and Bolivia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Emmons (1990) recognized peruvianus as a separate species.	Sepia Short-tailed Opossum
10400135	Monodelphis americana	Müller 1776	SPECIES			americana		Monodelphis	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Linné's Vollständ. Natursyst., Suppl. p.36		brasiliensis  (Erxleben, 1777); brasiliensis (Daudin in Lacépède, 1802); trilineata (Lund, 1840); tristriata (Olfers, 1818).	E Brazil from the states of Pará south to Santa Catarina.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	The name tristriata Illiger, 1815, is a nomen nudum. Microdelphys tristriatus as used by Burmeister, 1856 (= Didelphys tristriata Olfers, 1818 = Sorex americanus Muller, 1776), is the type species of Microdelphys Burmeister, 1856.	Northern Three-striped Opossum
10400150	Monodelphis umbristriata	Miranda-Ribeiro 1936	SPECIES			umbristriata		Monodelphis	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Rev. Mus. Paulista, São Paulo vol.20 p.422		goyana  (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1936).	Known from the Brazilian states of Goiás and Minas Gerais.		Previously included under M. rubida; see Pine (1976a); reviewed by Lemos et al. (2000).	Red Three-striped Opossum
10400151	Monodelphis unistriata	Wagner 1842	SPECIES			unistriata		Monodelphis	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Arch. Naturgesch. vol.8 1 p.360			State of São Paulo, Brazil, and Provincía Misiones, Argentina.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Apparently known from only two specimens.	One-striped Opossum
10400136	Monodelphis brevicaudata	Erxleben 1777	SPECIES			brevicaudata		Monodelphis	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Syst. Regni Anim. vol.1 p.80		brachyuros  (Schreber, 1777); dorsalis (J. A. Allen, 1904); hunteri (Waterhouse, 1841); orinoci (Thomas, 1899); sebae (Gray, 1827); surinamensis (Zimmermann, 1780); touan (Bechstein, 1800); touan (Shaw, 1800); touan (Daudin in Lacépède, 1802); tricolor (E. Geoffroy, 1803).	Venezuela, the Guianas, and adjacent Brasil.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Voss et al. (2001), who restricted the name to populations in the Guiana Region of northern South America. The name orinoci (Thomas) has been applied to populations in the Venezuelan Llanos north and west of the Orinoco by several authors (e.g., Reig et al., 1977; Linares, 1998). Apparently, that population lacks a name. The name brachyura Burnett, 1830, is an incorrect subsequent spelling of brachyuros (Schreber).	Northern Red-sided Opossum
10500014	Lestoros inca	Thomas 1917	SPECIES			inca		Lestoros	Caenolestidae	Paucituberculata	Smithson. Misc. Coll. vol.68 4 p.3		gracilis  (Bublitz, 1987).	S Andean Perú and adjacent Bolivia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Incan Caenolestid
10500015	Rhyncholestes	Osgood 1924	GENUS					Rhyncholestes	Caenolestidae	Paucituberculata	Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser. vol.14 p.170	Rhyncholestes raphanurus Osgood, 1924, by original designation.					
10400137	Monodelphis dimidiata	Wagner 1847	SPECIES			dimidiata		Monodelphis	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Abh. Akad. Wiss., München vol.5 1 p.151, footnote		fosteri  Thomas, 1924.	Uruguay, SE Brazil, and NE Argentina.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	See Pine et al. (1985). Peramys brachyurus as used by Lesson, 1842 (= Didelphys dimidiata Wagner, 1847), is the type species of Peramys Lesson, 1842. Didelphys dimidiata Wagner is the type species of Minuania Cabrera, 1919; therefore Minuania Cabrera is a junior objective synonym of Peramys Lesson.	Yellow-sided Opossum
10400138	Monodelphis domestica	Wagner 1842	SPECIES			domestica		Monodelphis	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Arch. Naturgesh. vol.8 p.359		concolor  Gervais, 1856.	Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, and N Argentina.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Gray Short-tailed Opossum
10400139	Monodelphis emiliae	Thomas 1912	SPECIES			emiliae		Monodelphis	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.9 p.89			Amazon Basin of Perú, Brazil, and N Bolivia.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Previously treated as a subspecies of M. touan. Reviewed by Pine and Handley (1984).	Emilias Short-tailed Opossum
10400140	Monodelphis glirina	Wagner 1842	SPECIES			glirina		Monodelphis	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Arch. Naturgesch. vol.8 1 p.359			Central Brazil to N Bolivia.		Considered a species by Voss et al. (2001).	Amazonian Red-sided Opossum
10400141	Monodelphis iheringi	Thomas 1888	SPECIES			iheringi		Monodelphis	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.1 p.159			SE Brazil (Espírito Santo, São Paulo, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Previously considered a subspecies of M. americana. Reviewed by Pine (1977).	Iherings Three-striped Opossum
10400142	Monodelphis kunsi	Pine 1975	SPECIES			kunsi		Monodelphis	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Mammalia vol.39 p.321			Known from only four localities, two in Bolivia and two in Brazil.	IUCN  Endangered.	See Anderson (1982, Mammalian Species, 190). To be expected in N Argentina.	Pygmy Short-tailed Opossum
10400143	Monodelphis maraxina	Thomas 1923	SPECIES			maraxina		Monodelphis	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.12 p.157			Brazil, Pará, Marajó Isl.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Eight specimens known. See Pine (1980a).	Marajó Short-tailed Opossum
10400144	Monodelphis osgoodi	Doutt 1938	SPECIES			osgoodi		Monodelphis	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	J. Mammal. vol.19 p.100			E Perú and C Bolivia.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Previously included in M. adusta by Gardner (1993).	Osgoods Short-tailed Opossum
10400145	Monodelphis palliolata	Osgood 1914	SPECIES			palliolata		Monodelphis	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool Ser. vol.10 p.135			NE Colombia and W Venezuela.		Previously included in M. brevicaudata by Gardner (1993).	Hooded Red-sided Opossum
10500001	Paucituberculata	Ameghino 1894	ORDER							Paucituberculata						Formerly included in Marsupialia.	
10400146	Monodelphis rubida	Thomas 1899	SPECIES			rubida		Monodelphis	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.4 p.155			E Brazil from Goiás south to São Paulo.	IUCN  Vulnerable.		Chestnut-striped Opossum
10400147	Monodelphis scalops	Thomas 1888	SPECIES			scalops		Monodelphis	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.1 p.158			From Espírito Santo, SE Brazil, south Alto Paraguay, Paraguay (Contreras and Silvera Avalos, 1995).	IUCN  Vulnerable	Reviewed by Pine and Abravaya (1978).	Long-nosed Short-tailed Opossum
10400148	Monodelphis sorex	Hensel 1872	SPECIES			sorex		Monodelphis	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Abh. König. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1872 p.122		henseli (Thomas, 1888); itatiayae (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1936); lundi (Matschie, 1916); paulensis Vieira, 1950.	SE Brazil, S Paraguay, and NE Argentina.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	See Pine et al. (1985). Monodelphis sorex may be the animal Azara (1801) described as "micouré cinquième, ou micouré à queue corte," in which case brevicaudis Olfers, 1818, and its objective synonym wagneri (Matschie, 1916) would be synonyms and the name sorex (Hensel, 1872) would be replaced by brevicaudis Olfers, 1818, which has 52 years priority over sorex. However, the true identity of Azaras animal cannot be determined with reasonable certainty. Lacking any compelling evidence to the contrary, the names brevicaudis Olfers, and wagneri Matschie are best treated as nomina oblita and do not affect the validity of sorex Hensel or any other Monodelphis sp. that may be found in the region. Microdelphys sorex Hensel, 1872, is the type species of Monodelphiops Matschie, 1916.	Southern Red-sided Opossum
10500011	Caenolestes fuliginosus subsp. centralis	Bublitz 1987	SUBSPECIES		centralis	fuliginosus		Caenolestes	Caenolestidae	Paucituberculata							
10500012	Caenolestes fuliginosus subsp. obscurus	Thomas 1895	SUBSPECIES		obscurus	fuliginosus		Caenolestes	Caenolestidae	Paucituberculata							
10400152	Philander	Brisson 1762	GENUS					Philander	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Regnum animale p.13	Didelphis opossum Linnaeus, 1758, by plenary action (Opinion 1894 of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1998).	Gamba  Liais, 1872 [part]; Hylothylax Cabrera, 1919; Metachirops Matschie, 1916; Philander Tiedemann, 1808; Sarigua Muirhead, 1919 [part].			Pine (1973) used Metachirops for this genus, as did Hall (1981), Husson (1978), and Corbet and Hill (1980; but not 1991 when they used Philander).	
10400153	Philander andersoni	Osgood 1913	SPECIES			andersoni		Philander	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool Ser. vol.10 p.95		nigratus  Thomas, 1923.	S Venezuela, E Colombia, Ecuador, and Andean foothills of Perú.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Patton and Silva (1997).	Andersons Four-eyed Opossum
10400154	Philander frenatus	Olfers 1818	SPECIES			frenatus		Philander	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	In W. L. Eschwege, J. Brasilien, Neue Bibliothek. Reisen. vol.15 p.204		azaricus  (Thomas, 1923); quica Temminck, 1824; superciliaris (Olfers, 1818).	E Brasil southward to Paraguay and adjacent Argentina.		Previously included in P. opossum; reviewed by Patton and Silva (1997); frenata Illiger, 1815, and superciliaris Illiger, 1815, are nomina nuda. The spelling quichua Krumbiegel, 1941, is an incorrect subsequent spelling of quica Temminck. Didelphis quica Temminck, 1924 (= P. frenatus) is the type species of Metachirops Matschie, 1916.	Southeastern Four-eyed Opossum
10400155	Philander mcilhennyi	Gardner and Patton 1972	SPECIES			mcilhennyi		Philander	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Occas. Papers Mus. Zool., Louisiana State Univ. vol.43 p.2			Amazon Basin of C Perú and W Brazil.		Previously included in P. andersoni; reviewed by Patton and Silva (1997). The spelling mcilhenyi Pérez-Hernández, 1990, is an incorrect subsequent spelling of mcilhennyi Gardner and Patton.	McIlhennys Four-eyed Opossum
10400156	Philander opossum	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			opossum		Philander	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.55		austroamericana  O. Thomas, 1923; virginianus Tiedemann, 1808; canus (Osgood, 1913); crucialis (Thomas, 1923); fuscogriseus (J. A. Allen, 1900); grisescens (J. A. Allen, 1901); melantho (Thomas, 1923); pallidus (J. A. Allen, 1901); melanurus (Thomas, 1899).	Tamaulipas, México, through Central and South America to Bolivia and SC Brazil.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Corbet and Hill (1980), Hall (1981), Husson (1978), and Pine (1973) used Metachirops opossum for this species. Reviewed by Castro-Arellano et al. (2000, Mammalian Species, 638). The name D. larvata Jentink, 1888, is a nomen nudum. Didelphis opossum Linnaeus, 1758, is the type species for Holothylax Cabrera, 1919.	Gray Four-eyed Opossum
10400157	Philander opossum subsp. opossum	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		opossum	opossum		Philander	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.55						
10400158	Philander opossum subsp. canus	Osgood 1913	SUBSPECIES		canus	opossum		Philander	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia							
10400159	Philander opossum subsp. fuscogriseus	J. A. Allen 1900	SUBSPECIES		fuscogriseus	opossum		Philander	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia							
10400160	Philander opossum subsp. melanurus	Thomas 1899	SUBSPECIES		melanurus	opossum		Philander	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia							
10400174	Tlacuatzin canescens subsp. canescens	J. A. Allen 1893	SUBSPECIES		canescens	canescens		Tlacuatzin	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.5 p.235						
10400161	Thylamys	Gray 1843	GENUS					Thylamys	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	List Specimens Mamm. Coll. Brit. Mus. p.101	Didelphis elegans Waterhouse, 1839, by monotypy.	Grymaeomys  Burmeister, 1854 [part]; Microdelphys Burmeister, 1856 [part]; Sarigua Muirhead, 1819 [part].			Previously a subgenus under Marmosa. Thulamys Reig et al. (1985) is an incorrect subsequent spelling of Thylamys Gray.	
10400162	Thylamys cinderella	Thomas 1902	SPECIES			cinderella		Thylamys	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.10 p.159			N Argentina and probably S Bolivia.		Reviewed by Flores et al. (2000). Previously included under T. elegans by Gardner (1993).	Cinderella Fat-tailed Mouse Opossum
10400163	Thylamys elegans	Waterhouse 1839	SPECIES			elegans		Thylamys	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Zool. H.M.S. "Beagle," Mammalia p.95		coquimbensis  (Tate, 1931); soricinus (Philippi, 1894).	Chile, on Pacific side of Andes between 32° and 38° S.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Palma (1997, Mammalian Species 572; Palmas concept of the species further restricted by Solari (2003). The name hortenis Reid, 1837, is a nomen nudum.	Elegant Fat-tailed Mouse Opossum
10400164	Thylamys karimii	Petter 1968	SPECIES			karimii		Thylamys	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Mammalia vol.32 p.313			Known only from type locality.		Previously included under T. pusillus by Gardner (1993).	Karimis Fat-tailed Mouse Opossum
10400165	Thylamys macrurus	Olfers 1818	SPECIES			macrurus		Thylamys	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	In W. L. Eschwege, J. Brasilien, Neue Bibliothek. Reisen vol.15 p.205		grisea  (Desmarest, 1827).	Paraguay and S Brazil.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Based on Azara's (1801:290) "Micouré à queue longue;" therefore, the type locality is Tapua. Previously called T. griseus. The name macroura Illiger, 1815, is a nomen nudum.	Paraguayan Fat-tailed Mouse Opossum
10800049	Sarcophilus harrisii subsp. dixonae	Werdelin 1987	SUBSPECIES		dixonae	harrisii		Sarcophilus	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia							
10800050	Phascogalini	Gill 1872	TRIBE						Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Smithson. Misc. Collect. vol.11 p.26					Treated as a distinct subfamily by Krajewski et al. (1996).	
10400166	Thylamys pallidior	Thomas 1902	SPECIES			pallidior		Thylamys	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.10 p.161		bruchi  (Thomas, 1921); fenestrae (Marelli, 1932); pulchella (Cabrera, 1934).	W and S Peru, N Chile, and S Bolivia as far south as Peninsula Valdéz, Argentina.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Identification of Peruvian and Chilean populations based on Solari (2003). Subspecies are not recognized here; needs revision.	White-bellied Fat-tailed Mouse Opossum
10800036	Phascolosorex dorsalis subsp. dorsalis	Peters and Doria 1876	SUBSPECIES		dorsalis	dorsalis		Phascolosorex	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova vol.8 p.335						
10400167	Thylamys pusillus	Desmarest 1804	SPECIES			pusillus		Thylamys	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Tabl. Méth. Hist. Nat., in Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat. vol.24 p.19		citella  (Thomas, 1912); marmota (Thomas, 1902); nana (Olfers, 1818); verax (Thomas, 1921).	Paraguay, SE Bolivia, and N Argentina.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	The name nana Illiger, 1815, is a nomen nudum and was not validated by Oken, 1816. The name marmota Oken, 1816, is not available; however its usage by Thomas (1902) is valid.	Common Fat-tailed Mouse Opossum
10400168	Thylamys sponsorius	Thomas 1902	SPECIES			sponsorius		Thylamys	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.7 p.186			N Argentina and S Bolivia.		Reviewed by Flores et al. (2000). Previously included under T. elegans by Gardner (1993).	Argentine Fat-tailed Mouse Opossum
10400169	Thylamys tatei	Handley 1956 "1957"	SPECIES			tatei		Thylamys	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	J. Washington Acad. Sci. vol.1956[1957] 46 p.402			Departments of Ancash and Lima, Peru.		Reviewed by Solari (2003). Previously included under T. elegans by Gardner (1993).	Tates Fat-tailed Mouse Opossum
10400170	Thylamys velutinus	Wagner 1842	SPECIES			velutinus		Thylamys	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Archiv Naturgesch. vol.8 1 p.360		pimelura  (Reinhardt, 1851).	SE Brazil.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Dwarf Fat-tailed Mouse Opossum
10400171	Thylamys venustus	Thomas 1902	SPECIES			venustus		Thylamys	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.10 p.159		janetta  (Thomas, 1926).	S Perú and Bolivia, south to Provincia Neuquén, Argentina.		Previously included under T. elegans by Gardner (1993).	Buff-bellied Fat-tailed Mouse Opossum
10400172	Tlacuatzin	Voss and Jansa 2003	GENUS					Tlacuatzin	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.276 p.61	Didelphis (Micoureus) canescens J. A. Allen, 1893, by original designation.				Monotypic; previously included under Marmosa.	
10400173	Tlacuatzin canescens	J. A. Allen 1893	SPECIES			canescens		Tlacuatzin	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.5 p.235		insularis  (Merriam, 1908); oaxacae (Merriam, 1897); sinaloae (J. A. Allen, 1898); gaumeri (Osgood, 1913).	México from S Sonora to Oaxaca, Yucatán, and Tres Marías Isls.	IUCN  Data Deficient as Marmosa canescens.	Previously known as Marmosa canescens. A mandible recovered from an owl pellet suggests T. canescens also occurs in Baja California Sur (López-Forment and Urbano, 1977).	Gray Mouse Opossum
10400175	Tlacuatzin canescens subsp. gaumeri	Osgood 1913	SUBSPECIES		gaumeri	canescens		Tlacuatzin	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia							
10500002	Caenolestidae	Trouessart 1898	FAMILY						Caenolestidae	Paucituberculata	Cat. Mamm. Viv. Foss. vol.2 5 p.1205					Reviewed by Marshall (1980) and Bublitz (1987).	
10500003	Caenolestes	Thomas 1895	GENUS					Caenolestes	Caenolestidae	Paucituberculata	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.16 p.367	Hyracodon fuliginosus Tomes, 1863, by monotypy.	Hyracodon  Tomes, 1863 [preoccupied].			Coenolestes Thomas, 1917, is an incorrect subsequent spelling of Caenolestes Thomas.	
10500004	Caenolestes caniventer	Anthony 1921	SPECIES			caniventer		Caenolestes	Caenolestidae	Paucituberculata	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.20 p.6			SW Ecuador and NW Perú.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Gray-bellied Caenolestid
10500005	Caenolestes condorensis	Albuja and Patterson 1996	SPECIES			condorensis		Caenolestes	Caenolestidae	Paucituberculata	J. Mammal. vol.77 p.42			Cordillera del Cóndor of SE Ecuador.			Andean Caenolestid
10500006	Caenolestes convelatus	Anthony 1924	SPECIES			convelatus		Caenolestes	Caenolestidae	Paucituberculata	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.120 p.1		barbarensis  Bublitz, 1987.	W Colombia and NW Ecuador.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Northern Caenolestid
10500007	Caenolestes convelatus subsp. convelatus	Anthony 1924	SUBSPECIES		convelatus	convelatus		Caenolestes	Caenolestidae	Paucituberculata	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.120 p.1						
10500008	Caenolestes convelatus subsp. barbarensis	Bublitz 1987	SUBSPECIES		barbarensis	convelatus		Caenolestes	Caenolestidae	Paucituberculata							
10500009	Caenolestes fuliginosus	Tomes 1863	SPECIES			fuliginosus		Caenolestes	Caenolestidae	Paucituberculata	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1863 p.51		tatei  Anthony, 1923; centralis Bublitz, 1987; obscurus Thomas, 1895.	Colombia, Ecuador, and NW Venezuela.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Dusky Caenolestid
10500010	Caenolestes fuliginosus subsp. fuliginosus	Tomes 1863	SUBSPECIES		fuliginosus	fuliginosus		Caenolestes	Caenolestidae	Paucituberculata	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1863 p.51						
10500013	Lestoros	Oehser 1934	GENUS					Lestoros	Caenolestidae	Paucituberculata	J. Mammal. vol.15 p.240	Orolestes inca Thomas, 1917, by original designation.	Cryptolestes  Tate, 1934 [preoccupied]; Orolestes Thomas, 1917 [preoccupied].			Lestoros Oehser is a replacement name for Cryptolestes Tate, which in turn was a replacement name for Orolestes Thomas, and automatically takes the same type species as that designated by Thomas for Orolestes.	
10500016	Rhyncholestes raphanurus	Osgood 1924	SPECIES			raphanurus		Rhyncholestes	Caenolestidae	Paucituberculata	Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser. vol.14 p.170		continentalis  Bublitz, 1987.	SC Chile including Chiloé Isl and adjacent Argentina.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	See Patterson and Gallardo (1987, Mammalian Species, 286).	Long-nosed Caenolestid
10500017	Rhyncholestes raphanurus subsp. raphanurus	Osgood 1924	SUBSPECIES		raphanurus	raphanurus		Rhyncholestes	Caenolestidae	Paucituberculata	Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser. vol.14 p.170						
10500018	Rhyncholestes raphanurus subsp. continentalis	Bublitz 1987	SUBSPECIES		continentalis	raphanurus		Rhyncholestes	Caenolestidae	Paucituberculata							
10600001	Microbiotheria	Ameghino 1889	ORDER							Microbiotheria			Gondawanadelphia [part]; Dromiciopsia.			Traditionally included in Marsupialia. Included in order Polyprotodonta by Reig et al. (1987); considered a separate order by Aplin and Archer (1987) and Marshall et al. (1990). Phylogenetically allied with australidelphian marsupials (e.g., Spotorno et al., 1997; Burk et al., 1999).	
10600002	Microbiotheriidae	Ameghino 1887	FAMILY						Microbiotheriidae	Microbiotheria	Bol. Mus. la Plata vol.1 p.6					Previously considered a subfamily of the Didelphidae.	
10600003	Dromiciops	Thomas 1894	GENUS					Dromiciops	Microbiotheriidae	Microbiotheria	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.14 p.186	Dromiciops gliroides Thomas, 1894, by monotypy.					
10600004	Dromiciops gliroides	Thomas 1894	SPECIES			gliroides		Dromiciops	Microbiotheriidae	Microbiotheria	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.14 p.187		australis  F. Philippi, 1893 [preoccupied by Didelphys australis Goldfuss, 1812]	Chile and adjacent Argentina from about 36°S to near 43°S.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Reviewed by Marshall (1978b, Mammalian Species, 99, as D. australis); also see review by Hershkovitz (1999).	Monito del Monte
10700001	Notoryctemorphia	Kirsch, in Hunsaker 1977	ORDER							Notoryctemorphia			Syndactyliformes			Recognized as an order by Aplin and Archer (1987) who proposed a new syncretic classification of the marsupials.	
10700002	Notoryctidae	Ogilby 1892	FAMILY						Notoryctidae	Notoryctemorphia	Cat. Aust. Mammalia p.5					Relationships unknown. Support for a relationship with dasyuromorphs suggested by Springer et al. (1998).	
10700003	Notoryctes	Stirling 1891	GENUS					Notoryctes	Notoryctidae	Notoryctemorphia	Trans. R. Soc. S. Aust. vol.14 p.154	Psammoryctes typhlops Stirling, 1889	Neoryctes  Stirling, 1891; Psammoryctes Stirling, 1889				
10700004	Notoryctes caurinus	Thomas 1920	SPECIES			caurinus		Notoryctes	Notoryctidae	Notoryctemorphia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.6 p.111			NW Western Australia.	IUCN  Endangered, Unknown.	Separated from N. typhlops by Walton (1988:47).	Northern Marsupial Mole
10700005	Notoryctes typhlops	Stirling 1889	SPECIES			typhlops		Notoryctes	Notoryctidae	Notoryctemorphia	Trans. R. Soc. S. Aust. vol.12 p.158			Western deserts from Ooldea (South Australia) to Charlotte Waters and NW Western Australia, Northern Territory.	IUCN  Endangered. Thought to be rare, but no real data exist.		Southern Marsupial Mole
10800001	Dasyuromorphia	Gill 1872	ORDER							Dasyuromorphia			Dasyuroidea, Dasyuriformes, Creatophaga.			Recognized as an order by Aplin and Archer (1987) who proposed a new syncretic classification of the marsupials. Includes the Australian component of Marsupicarnivora (see Ride, 1964b). Some authors include Thylacinidae and Myrmecobiidae in the Dasyuridae (Vaughan, 1978:39); but Ride (1964b), Archer and Kirsch (1977), Kirsch and Calaby (1977:15), and Archer (1982) retained three families; their monophyly is supported by DNA sequence studies (Krajewski et al., 2000).	
10800002	Thylacinidae	Bonaparte 1838	FAMILY						Thylacinidae	Dasyuromorphia	Nuovi Ann. Sci. Nat. vol.2 1 p.112					Some authors include this family in the Dasyuridae, see Vaughan (1978:39), but also see Ride (1964b), Archer and Kirsch (1977), and Kirsch and Calaby (1977:15) who retained this family.	
10800003	Thylacinus	Temminck 1824	GENUS					Thylacinus	Thylacinidae	Dasyuromorphia	Monogr. Mamm. vol.1 p.23	Didelphis cynocephala Harris, 1808.	Lycaon  Wagler, 1830 [preoccupied by Lycaon Brooks, 1827, a canid]; Paracyon Gray, 1843; Peralopex Gloger, 1841.				
10800004	Thylacinus cynocephalus	Harris 1808	SPECIES			cynocephalus		Thylacinus	Thylacinidae	Dasyuromorphia	Trans. Linn. Soc. London vol.9 p.174		breviceps Krefft, 1868; communis Anon., 1859; harrisii Temminck, 1824; lucocephalus (Grant, 1831); striatus Warlow, 1833.	Tasmania.	CITES  Appendix I [Possibly Extinct]; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Extinct.	Probably extinct; but tracks and sightings continue to be reported; see Ride (1970:201) and Rounsvell and Smith (1982). Species reviewed by Guiler (1986) and Paddle (2000).	Thylacine
10800078	Sminthopsini	Archer 1982	TRIBE						Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Carnivorous Marsupials vol.2 p.439						
11800026	Cyclopedidae	Pocock 1924	FAMILY						Cyclopedidae	Pilosa	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1924 p.1030						
10800005	Myrmecobiidae	Waterhouse 1841	FAMILY						Myrmecobiidae	Dasyuromorphia	Nat. Hist. Marsup. or Pouched Animals (Naturalist's Libr.) vol.10 p.60					This citation is usually listed as "Cat. Mamm. Mus. Zool. Soc., 1838" but Myrmecobiidae is not used in this catalogue; see Palmer (1904). Some authors (including McKenna and Bell, 1997) include this family in the Dasyuridae; see Vaughan (1978:39); but also see Ride (1964b), Archer and Kirsch (1977), and Kirsch and Calaby (1977:15), who retained this family.	
10800006	Myrmecobius	Waterhouse 1836	GENUS					Myrmecobius	Myrmecobiidae	Dasyuromorphia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1836 p.69	Myrmecobius fasciatus Waterhouse, 1836.					
10800037	Phascolosorex dorsalis subsp. brevicaudata	Rothschild and Dollman 1932	SUBSPECIES		brevicaudata	dorsalis		Phascolosorex	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia							
10800007	Myrmecobius fasciatus	Waterhouse 1836	SPECIES			fasciatus		Myrmecobius	Myrmecobiidae	Dasyuromorphia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1836 p.69		rufus  Wood Jones, 1923.	SW Western Australia; formerly in NW South Australia and SW New South Wales.	U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Vulnerable.		Numbat
10800008	Myrmecobius fasciatus subsp. fasciatus	Waterhouse 1836	SUBSPECIES		fasciatus	fasciatus		Myrmecobius	Myrmecobiidae	Dasyuromorphia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1836 p.69						
10800009	Myrmecobius fasciatus subsp. rufus	Wood Jones 1923	SUBSPECIES		rufus	fasciatus		Myrmecobius	Myrmecobiidae	Dasyuromorphia							
10800010	Dasyuridae	Goldfuss 1820	FAMILY						Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Handb. Zool. vol.II p.447					Kirsch et al. (1997) and Krajewski et al. (2000) confirmed the division of the Dasyuridae into two subfamilies, Dasyurinae (with two tribes, Dasyurini and Phascogalini) and Sminthopsinae (with two tribes, Sminthopsini and Planigalini).	
10800011	Dasyurinae	Goldfuss 1820	SUBFAMILY						Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Handb. Zool. vol.II p.447						
10800012	Dasyurini	Goldfuss 1820	TRIBE						Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Handb. Zool. vol.II p.447						
10800013	Dasycercus	Peters 1875	GENUS					Dasycercus	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin vol.1875 p.73	Chaetocercus cristicauda Krefft, 1867.	Amperta Cabrera, 1919; Chaetocercus Krefft, 1867 [preoccupied by Gray, 1855].			Combined with Dasyuroides by Mack (1961) and Mahoney and Ride (in Walton, 1988:18).	
10800014	Dasycercus cristicauda	Krefft 1866 "1867"	SPECIES			cristicauda		Dasycercus	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1866 p.435		blighi (Woodward, 1902); blythi (Waite, 1904); hillieri (Thomas, 1905).	Arid Australia from NW Western Australia to SW Queensland, N South Australia.	IUCN  Vulnerable as D. cristicauda, Endangered as D. hillieri. Rare or indeterminate.		Mulgara
10800015	Dasykaluta	Archer 1982	GENUS					Dasykaluta	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	In M. Archer, Carnivorous Marsupials vol.2 p.434	Antechinus rosamondae Ride, 1964.				Formerly included in Antechinus, and this allocation was continued by McKenna and Bell (1997), but Archer (1982) and Krajewski et al	
10800016	Dasykaluta rosamondae	Ride 1964	SPECIES			rosamondae		Dasykaluta	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	W. Aust. Nat. vol.9 p.58			NW Western Australia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Rare.	Formerly included in Antechinus; separated by Archer (1982). Its closest affinities are to Parantechinus apicalis (Krajewski et al., 1997a).	Little Red Kaluta
10800017	Dasyuroides	Spencer 1896	GENUS					Dasyuroides	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Proc. Roy. Soc. Victoria, N. S. vol.VIII p.5	Dasyuroides byrnei Spencer, 1896.				Included in Dasycercus by Mack (1961), Mahoney and Ride (in Walton, 1988) and Groves (1993), but Kirsch et al. (1997) considered this "premature"; see also Cooper et al. (2000), who also favoured making them congeneric.	
10800018	Dasyuroides byrnei	Spencer 1896	SPECIES			byrnei		Dasyuroides	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Proc. Roy. Soc. Victoria, N. S. vol.VIII p.6			Junction of Northern Territory, South Australia, and Queensland (C Australia).	IUCN  Vulnerable as Dasycercus byrnei	<p>Rare.</p><p>pallidiorThomas, 1906.</p>	Kowari
10800019	Dasyurus	É. Geoffroy 1796	GENUS					Dasyurus	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Mag. Encyclop., ser. 2 vol.3 p.469	Didelphis maculata Anon., 1791 (= Didelphis viverrina Shaw, 1800).	Dasyurinus Matschie, 1916; Dasyurops Matschie, 1916; Nasira Harvey, 1841; Notoctonus Pocock, 1926; Satanellus Pocock, 1926; Stictophonus Pocock, 1926.			See Haltenorth (1958:20). Archer (1982) revived Satanellus (for albopunctatus and hallucatus), as he considered that the remaining species might belong in a clade with Sarcophilus; but Krajewski et al. (1997a), using molecular data, confirmed that Dasyurus is monophyletic.	
10800020	Dasyurus albopunctatus	Schlegel 1880	SPECIES			albopunctatus		Dasyurus	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Notes Leyden Mus. vol.2 p.51		daemonellus Thomas, 1904; fuscus Milne-Edwards, 1880.	New Guinea, sea level to 3500 m, possibly Yapen Isl: see Flannery (1995a).	IUCN  Vulnerable.		New Guinean Quoll
10800021	Dasyurus geoffroii	Gould 1840 "1841"	SPECIES			geoffroii		Dasyurus	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1840 p.151		fortis  Thomas, 1906.	Western Australia; formerly in South Australia, Northern Territory, S Queensland, W New South Wales, and NW Victoria (Archer, in Tyler, 1979; Waithman, 1979).	IUCN  Vulnerable. Rare.	Formerly included in Dasyurinus. The New Guinea records of this species actually refer to D. spartacus.	Western Quoll
10800094	Sminthopsis fuliginosus	Gould 1852	SPECIES			fuliginosus		Sminthopsis	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Mamm. Aust. vol.1 p.pl. 41			SW Western Australia.	IUCN  Data Deficient.	S. murina species-group. Separated from S. murina by Kitchener et al. (1984b). A little-known species; comparative notes given by Crowther et al. (1999).	Sooty Dunnart
10800022	Dasyurus hallucatus	Gould 1842	SPECIES			hallucatus		Dasyurus	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1842 p.41		exilis Thomas, 1909; nesaeus Thomas, 1926; predator Thomas, 1926; quoll (Zimmermann, 1783).	Australia: N Northern Territory, N and NE Queensland, and N Western Australia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt). Common.	Sometimes assigned to Satanellus. The original name Mustela quoll Zimmermann, 1783, was suppressed under Article 80 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1999), now correctly Dasyurus hallucatus.	Northern Quoll
13700406	Chimarrogale styani	De Winton 1899	SPECIES			styani		Chimarrogale	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1899 p.574			Shensi and Sichuan (China), and N Burma.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Certainly a distinct species, and regarded as such by Jones and Mumford (1971), Corbet (1978c), and Hoffmann (1987). Occurs nearly sympatrically with himalayica in N Burma.	Chinese Water Shrew
10800023	Dasyurus maculatus	Kerr 1792	SPECIES			maculatus		Dasyurus	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	In Linnaeus, Anim. Kingdom p.170		gracilis  Ramsay, 1888; macrourus E. Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 1803; novaehollandiae (Meyer, 1793); ursinus Giebel, 1874.	Australia: E Queensland, E New South Wales, E and S Victoria, SE South Australia, Tasmania. Formerly occurred in South Australia.	IUCN  Endangered as D. m.gracilis, Vulnerable as D. maculatus and D. m. maculatus. Widespread but rare; locally common in Tasmania.	Formerly included in Dasyurops; see Haltenorth (1958). See Firestone et al. (1999) for possible subspecies boundaries; the Tasmanian form is rather distinctive.	Tiger Quoll
10800024	Dasyurus spartacus	Van Dyck 1987	SPECIES			spartacus		Dasyurus	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Aust. Mamm. vol.11 p.145			Fly Plains, Papua New Guinea.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Formerly included in D. geoffroii.	Bronze Quoll
10800025	Dasyurus viverrinus	Shaw 1800	SPECIES			viverrinus		Dasyurus	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Gen. Zool. Syst. Nat. Hist. vol.1 2, Mammalia p.491		alboguttata (Burmeister, 1854); guttatus Desmarest, 1804; maculata (Anon, 1791); maugei E. Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 1803; quoll Zimmermann, 1777.	Probably survives only in Tasmania; formerly South Australia, New South Wales, and Victoria (Archer, in Tyler, 1979).	U.S ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Dasyurus quoll Zimmermann, 1777 (not Mustela quoll Zimmermann, 1783), is invalid: this work was rejected by Opinion 257 of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1954a). Also the name Dasyurus maculata Anon., 1791, was suppressed under Article 80 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1999). "Original" name is now Didelphis viverrina Shaw, 1800.	Eastern Quoll
10800026	Myoictis	Gray 1858	GENUS					Myoictis	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1858 p.112	Myoictis wallacii Gray, 1858.					
10800027	Myoictis melas	Müller 1840	SPECIES			melas		Myoictis	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	In Temminck, Verh. Nat. Ges. Ned. Overz. Bezitt., Land-en Volkenkunde p.20[1840], see comments		bruijni (Peters, 1875); buergersi (Stein, 1932); senex (Stein, 1932); thorbeckiana (Schlegel, 1866); wavicus Tate, 1947.	Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya) and NE Papua New Guinea; Salawati Isl. Also Waigeo, Yapen, possibly Batanta.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Secure.	This species was further described by Müller and Schlegel, in Temminck, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Nederland. Overz. Bezitt., Zool., Mammalia, p. 149[1845], pl. 25[1843].	Three-striped Dasyure
10800028	Myoictis wallacii	Gray 1858	SPECIES			wallacii		Myoictis	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1858 p.112		pilicauda  (Peters and Doria, 1881).	Southern New Guinea and Aru Isls (Indonesia).	Unknown, but rare.	Usually considered a subspecies of M. melas, but separated as a species by Archer (1982:417), and molecular data suggest that they may have separated several million years ago (Krajewski et al., 1997a).	Wallaces Dasyure
10800029	Neophascogale	Stein 1933	GENUS					Neophascogale	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Z. Säugetierk. vol.8 p.87	Phascogale venusta Thomas, 1921 (= Phascogale lorentzi Jentink, 1911).					
10800030	Neophascogale lorentzi	Jentink 1911	SPECIES			lorentzi		Neophascogale	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Notes Leyden Mus. vol.33 p.234		rubrata (Thomas, 1922); venusta (Thomas, 1921).	C New Guinea (highlands).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Uncommon.	Previously included Phascogale nouhuysi Jentink, 1911, but Husson (1955) showed that it is based on a specimen of Phascolosorex doriae.	Speckled Dasyure
10800031	Parantechinus	Tate 1947	GENUS					Parantechinus	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.88 p.137	Phascogale apicalis Gray, 1842.				Formerly included in Antechinus, and this allocation was continued by McKenna and Bell (1997), but Archer (1982) and Krajewski et al. (2000) showed that they are not sister-groups. Kitchener and Caputi (1988) restricted this genus to P. apicalis, which according to Krajewski et al. (1997a) is closely related to Dasykaluta.	
10800032	Parantechinus apicalis	Gray 1842	SPECIES			apicalis		Parantechinus	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.9 p.518			Inland periphery of SW Western Australia.	U.S. ESA and IUCN  Endangered.		Southern Dibbler
10800033	Phascolosorex	Matschie 1916	GENUS					Phascolosorex	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin vol.8 p.263	Phascogale dorsalis Peters and Doria, 1876.					
10800034	Phascolosorex doriae	Thomas 1886	SPECIES			doriae		Phascolosorex	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova vol.4 p.208		nouhuysii (Jentink, 1911); pan (Stein, 1932); umbrosa (Dollman, 1930).	W interior New Guinea, 100-2000 m.	IUCN  Data Deficient. Uncommon.	Phascogale nouhuysi Jentink, 1911 is usually placed in synonymy of Neophascogale lorentzii, but Husson (1955) showed that it is based on a specimen of P. doriae.	Red-bellied Marsupial Shrew
10800035	Phascolosorex dorsalis	Peters and Doria 1876	SPECIES			dorsalis		Phascolosorex	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova vol.8 p.335		brevicaudata  (Rothschild and Dollman, 1932); whartoni (Tate and Archbold, 1936).	W and E interior New Guinea (not known from central region).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Common.		Narrow-striped Marsupial Shrew
10800038	Phascolosorex dorsalis subsp. whartoni	Tate and Archbold 1936	SUBSPECIES		whartoni	dorsalis		Phascolosorex	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia							
10800039	Pseudantechinus	Tate 1947	GENUS					Pseudantechinus	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.88 p.139	Phascogale macdonnellensis Spencer, 1896.				Separated from Antechinus by Archer (1982:434), but retained in it by McKenna and Bell (1997). According to molecular evidence, it is not even closely related to Antechinus, but forms a distinctive genus of the Dasyurini (Krajewski et al., 1997a).	
10800040	Pseudantechinus bilarni	Johnson 1954	SPECIES			bilarni		Pseudantechinus	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.67 p.77			Northern Territory (Australia), known from region of type locality.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Rare.	Included in Antechinus (= Pseudantechinus) macdonnellensis by Ride (1970:116), but see Kirsch and Calaby (1977:15). Archer (1982) placed it in Parantechinus. Kitchener and Caputi (1988) suggested that this species should be transferred to Pseudantechinus; Krajewski et al. (1997a) agreed that it is not close to P. apicalis and placed it on a clade by itself. Cooper et al. (2000) definitively removed it from Parantechinus but admitted that its inclusion (and that of P. woolleyae) in Pseudantechinus might make the genus paraphyletic.	Sandstone Dibbler
10800041	Pseudantechinus macdonnellensis	Spencer 1896	SPECIES			macdonnellensis		Pseudantechinus	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Rept. Horn Sci. Exped. Cent. Aust., Zool. vol.2 p.27			Uplands of Western Australia, about 24-28°S, 124-130°E, and southern desert region of Northern Territory, from type locality north to about 19°S (see Cooper et al., 2000b:Fig. 12).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Does not include mimulus (Kitchener, 1991).	Fat-tailed False Antechinus
10800042	Pseudantechinus mimulus	Thomas 1906	SPECIES			mimulus		Pseudantechinus	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1906 2 p.540			Northern Territory: known only from type locality and North Isl, Sir Edward Pellew Group.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Not a synonym of P. macdonnellensis (Kitchener, 1991).	Alexandria False Antechinus
10800043	Pseudantechinus ningbing	Kitchener 1988	SPECIES			ningbing		Pseudantechinus	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Rec. W. Aust. Mus. vol.14 p.62			Kimberley region, Western Australia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Ningbing False Antechinus
10800058	Antechinus godmani	Thomas 1923	SPECIES			godmani		Antechinus	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.11 p.174			NE Queensland (Australia).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Included in flavipes by Haltenorth (1958:18); but see Kirsch and Calaby (1977:15).	Atherton Antechinus
10800044	Pseudantechinus roryi	Cooper, Aplin and Adams 2000	SPECIES			roryi		Pseudantechinus	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Rec. W. Aust. Mus. vol.20 p.125			Western Australia: Northern Pilbara, north of the Hamersley Range, into Great Sandy Desert as far east as Clutterbuck Hills; Cape Range Peninsula; probably Barrow Isl (Cooper et al., 2000b).			Rory Coopers False Antechinus
10800045	Pseudantechinus woolleyae	Kitchener and Caputi 1988	SPECIES			woolleyae		Pseudantechinus	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Rec. W. Aust. Mus. vol.14 p.39			Western Australia: Pilbara region and further south - between ca. 20° and 30°S, 115° and 123°E (see Cooper et al., 2000b:Fig. 12).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Cooper et al. (2000) admitted that the inclusion of this species (and that of P. bilarni) in Pseudantechinus might make the genus paraphyletic.	Woolley's False Antechinus
10800046	Sarcophilus	F. G. Cuvier 1837	GENUS					Sarcophilus	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	In E. Geoffroy and F. G. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mammifères, pt. 4 vol.7 70 p.1-6, "Sarcophile oursin"	Didelphis ursina Harris, 1808 (= Ursinus harrisii Boitard, 1841).	Diabolus Gray, 1841; Ursinus Boitard, 1841.				
10800047	Sarcophilus harrisii	Boitard 1841	SPECIES			harrisii		Sarcophilus	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Le Jardin des Plantes p.290		satanicus Thomas, 1903; ursina (Harris, 1808) [not of Shaw, 1800]; dixonae Werdelin, 1987.	Australia: Tasmania; known as a subfossil in S Victoria (Mt. Hamilton and Lake Corangamite).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Common.	Groves (1993) called this species S. laniarius Owen, 1838, which was based on Pleistocene specimens from Wellington Caves, New South Wales. Werdelin (1987:9) argued that the Pleistocene and recent Sarcophilus were only subspecifically distinct, and as Owens name antedates Boitards (a replacement name for Didelphis ursina Harris, 1808 [preoccupied by Didelphis ursina Shaw, 1800]) by three years, laniarius must take precedence. Inspection of Werdelin (1987, Tables 1 and 2) shows, however, that recent and fossil ranges do not overlap in many variables, so they may be retained as different species. The Victorian subfossil dixonae remains as a subspecies of S. harrisii; though it is distinctive its measurements overlap with those of the living Tasmanian form.	Tasmanian Devil
10800048	Sarcophilus harrisii subsp. harrisii	Boitard 1841	SUBSPECIES		harrisii	harrisii		Sarcophilus	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Le Jardin des Plantes p.290						
10800051	Antechinus	Macleay 1841	GENUS					Antechinus	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.8 p.242	Antechinus stuartii Macleay, 1841.				For the exclusion of Parantechinus and Pseudantechinus see Haltenorth (1958:18) and Ride (1964a); and of Dasykaluta see Archer (1982:434). Formerly included habbema, melanura, naso, and wilhelmina, which were transferred to Murexia by Armstrong et al. (1998), and have been transferred to a series of new genera (Micromurexia, Murexechinus, and Phascomurexia) by Van Dyck (2002).	
10800052	Antechinus adustus	Thomas 1923	SPECIES			adustus		Antechinus	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser.9 vol.11 p.175			Australia: Dense tropical vine forests from Paluma (19°00S, 146°12E) to Mt. Spurgeon (16°25' S, 145°12'E).	Unknown.	Van Dyck (1982) stated that what was then known as Antechinus stuartii adustus is probably a valid species. Van Dyck and Crowther (2000) definitively raised it to species rank.	Tropical Antechinus
10800053	Antechinus agilis	Dickman, Parnaby, Crowther and King 1998	SPECIES			agilis		Antechinus	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Aust. J. Zool. vol.46 p.5			Australia: Victoria (SW, and C, E and NE districts), and SE New South Wales north on the coast to Kioloa (35°32'S, 150°23'E), and inland north to Mt. Canobolas (33°10'S, 149°00'E).	Common.	Dickman et al. (1988) first showed that A. stuartii in E New South Wales is actually divided into two quite distinct species: A. stuartii north of about 35°S, and an undescribed species mainly south of this latitude. The new species was not described for another ten years (Dickman et al., 1998). The two species are sympatric at Kioloa, New South Wales, and other places.	Agile Antechinus
10800054	Antechinus bellus	Thomas 1904	SPECIES			bellus		Antechinus	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Nov. Zool. vol.11 p.229			N Northern Territory (Australia).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Fawn Antechinus
10800055	Antechinus flavipes	Waterhouse 1837 "1838"	SPECIES			flavipes		Antechinus	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1837 p.75		leucogaster (Gray, 1841); rufogaster (Gray, 1841); rubeculus Van Dyck, 1982.	Cape York Peninsula (Queensland); Victoria and SE South Australia; SW Western Australia. In SE Australia, bioclimatic modeling predicts its range as (somewhat discontinuously) from about 23°N to S Victoria, and west to about 136°E on the South Australian coast. Inland, it may reach as far as about 145°E in S New South Wales (Sumner and Dickman, 1998).	Lower Risk (lc).	No direct comparisons between Western Australian and eastern forms of the species have been made. The Cape York Peninsula form appears to be only subspecifically distinct.	Yellow-footed Antechinus
10800056	Antechinus flavipes subsp. flavipes	Waterhouse 1837 "1838"	SUBSPECIES		flavipes	flavipes		Antechinus	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1837 p.75						
10800057	Antechinus flavipes subsp. rubeculus	Van Dyck 1982	SUBSPECIES		rubeculus	flavipes		Antechinus	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia							
11000083	Strigocuscus pelengensis subsp. mendeni	Feiler 1978	SUBSPECIES		mendeni	pelengensis		Strigocuscus	Phalangeridae	Diprotodontia							
10800059	Antechinus leo	Van Dyck 1980	SPECIES			leo		Antechinus	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Aust. Mamm. vol.3 p.1			Cape York Peninsula from the Iron Range to the southern limit of the McIlwraith Range.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).		Cinnamon Antechinus
10800060	Antechinus minimus	É. Geoffroy 1803	SPECIES			minimus		Antechinus	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris vol.81 p.159		affinis (Gray, 1841); concinnus Higgins and Petterd, 1884; maritima (Finlayson, 1958); rolandensis Higgins and Petterd, 1883.	Coastal SE South Australia to Tasmania.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as A. minimus, Lower Risk (nt) as A. m. maritimus.		Swamp Antechinus
10800061	Antechinus stuartii	Macleay 1841	SPECIES			stuartii		Antechinus	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.8 p.242		adusta (Thomas, 1923); burrelli (Le Souef and Burrel, 1926); unicolor Gould, 1854.	SE Queensland, E New South Wales south to Kioloa (35°32'S, 150°23'E). Bioclimatic modeling predicts an almost entirely coastal distribution, north to about 26°S (Sumner and Dickman, 1998).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Dickman et al. (1988) showed that what had been thought to be the single species A. stuartii in E New South Wales is actually divided into a northern and a southern species: A. stuartii and what is now (Dickman et al., 1998) named A. agilis; the two have been found together at Kioloa, in S New South Wales.	Brown Antechinus
10800062	Antechinus subtropicus	Van Dyck and Crowther 2000	SPECIES			subtropicus		Antechinus	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Mem. Qld. Mus. vol.45 p.613			SE Queensland, south from Gympie (26°11S, 152°40E) into NE NSW, in subtropical vine forests.	Unknown.	Related to A. stuartii, with which it is sympatric in SE Queensland at Wallangarra (28°55S, 151°55E) and Pyramid Creek, Wyberba (28°50S, 151°57E).	Subtropical Antechinus
10800095	Sminthopsis gilberti	Kitchener, Stoddart, and Henry 1984	SPECIES			gilberti		Sminthopsis	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Rec. W. Aust. Mus. vol.11 p.204			SW Western Australia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	S. murina species-group.	Gilbert's Dunnart
10800063	Antechinus swainsonii	Waterhouse 1840	SPECIES			swainsonii		Antechinus	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Mag. Nat. Hist. [Charlesworth's] vol.4 p.299		assimilis Higgins and Petterd, 1884; mimetes (Thomas, 1924); moorei Higgins and Petterd, 1884; niger Higgins and Petterd, 1883.	SE Queensland, E New South Wales, E and SE Victoria, coastal SE Australia, and Tasmania.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Dusky Antechinus
10800064	Micromurexia	Van Dyck 2002	GENUS					Micromurexia	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Mem. Queensl. Mus. vol.48 p.246	Antechinus habbema Tate and Archbold, 1941.				Separated from Murexia by Van Dyck, 2002.	
10800080	Antechinomys laniger	Gould 1856	SPECIES			laniger		Antechinomys	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Mamm. Aust. vol.1 p.pl. 33		spenceri  Thomas, 1906.	Western Australia, S Northern Territory, N Victoria, W New South Wales, SW Queensland, N South Australia.	U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Data Deficient.	Includes spenceri; see Archer (1977:19).	Kultarr
10800065	Micromurexia habbema	Tate and Archbold 1941	SPECIES			habbema		Micromurexia	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Amer. Mus. Novit. vol.1101 p.8		hageni (Laurie, 1952).	Central Cordillera of New Guinea, 4°05-8°03S, 138°50-146°53E, at 1600-3660 m (Van Dyck, 2002).	IUCN  Data Deficient at Antechinus habbema.	Formerly considered a synonym of Antechinus naso (here reallocated as Phascomurexia naso), but shown to be distinct by Woolley (1989) and Flannery (1995a); it is actually the most distinct species of the Murexia clade according to Krajewski et al. (1996) and was referred to a new genus by Van Dyck (2002).	Habbema Dasyure
10800066	Murexechinus	Van Dyck 2002	GENUS					Murexechinus	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Mem. Queensl. Mus. vol.48 p.300	Phascogale melanura Thomas, 1899.				Separated from Murexia by Van Dyck, 2002.	
10800067	Murexechinus melanurus	Thomas 1899	SPECIES			melanurus		Murexechinus	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova vol.20 p.191		mayeri (Dollman, 1930); modesta (Thomas, 1912); wilhelmina Tate, 1947.	New Guinea, from 134°00E to 151°01E (Normanby Isl), sea level to 2800 m.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Antechinus melanurus, Data Deficient as A. wilhelmina.	Usually included in Antechinus, but reassigned to Murexia by Armstrong et al. (1998) and to a new genus by Van Dyck (2002). Synonymy after Van Dyck (2000).	Black-tailed Dasyure
10800068	Murexia	Tate and Archbold 1937	GENUS					Murexia	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.73 p.335 (footnote), 339	Phascogale murex Thomas, 1913 (= Phascogale longicaudata Schlegel, 1866).				Some of these species have traditionally been assigned to Antechinus, but so-called "New Guinea Antechinus" were transferred to Murexia by Armstrong et al. (1998). The undescribed species from Normanby Isl in the DEntrecasteaux group, Papua New Guinea (Flannery, 1995a) is actually Murexechinus melanurus according to Van Dyck (2002).	
10800069	Murexia longicaudata	Schlegel 1866	SPECIES			longicaudata		Murexia	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk. vol.3 p.356		aspera (Thomas, 1913); maxima (Stein, 1932); murex (Thomas, 1913).	New Guinea, sea level to 1800 m; Aru Isls; Yapen.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Short-furred Dasyure
10800070	Paramurexia	Van Dyck 2002	GENUS					Paramurexia	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Mem. Queensl. Mus. vol.48 p.293	Phascogale (Murexia) rothschildi Tate, 1938.				Separated from Murexia by Van Dyck (2002).	
10800071	Paramurexia rothschildi	Tate 1938	SPECIES			rothschildi		Paramurexia	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Nov. Zool. vol.41 p.58			SE New Guinea, between 9°56-10°02S and 147°00-149°43E, 600 to 1400 m (Van Dyck, 2002).	IUCN  Data Deficient as Murexia rothschildi. Vulnerable.		Broad-striped Dasyure
10800072	Phascomurexia	Van Dyck 2002	GENUS					Phascomurexia	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Mem. Queensl. Mus. vol.48 p.257	Phascogale naso Jentink, 1911.				Separated from Murexia by Van Dyck, 2002.	
10800073	Phascomurexia naso	Jentink 1911	SPECIES			naso		Phascomurexia	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Notes Leyden Mus. vol.33 p.236		centralis  (Tate and Archbold, 1941); misim (Tate, 1947); parva Laurie, 1952; tafa (Tate and Archbold, 1936).	Interior New Guinea, 3°32S, 139°10E to 8°35S, 147°09E, 1400-2800 m (Van Dyck, 2002).	IUCN  Data Deficient as Antechinus naso.	Usually included in Antechinus, but reassigned to Murexia by Armstrong et al. (1998) and awarded a separate genus by Van Dyck (2002), who recognised no subspecies.	Long-nosed Dasyure
10800074	Phascogale	Temminck 1824	GENUS					Phascogale	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Monogr. Mamm. vol.1 p.23, 56	Didelphis penicillata Shaw, 1800 (= Vivera tapoatafa Meyer, 1793).	Ascogale Gloger, 1841; Phascologale Lenz, 1831; Phascoloictis Matschie, 1916; Tapoa Lesson, 1842.				
10800075	Phascogale calura	Gould 1844	SPECIES			calura		Phascogale	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1844 p.104			Inland SW Western Australia, formerly in Northern Territory, South Australia, NW Victoria, SW New South Wales, but probably extinct in all places except the Western Australian wheat belt.	IUCN  Endangered.		Red-tailed Phascogale
10800076	Phascogale tapoatafa	Meyer 1793	SPECIES			tapoatafa		Phascogale	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Zool. Entdeck. p.28		penicillata  (Shaw, 1800); pirata (Thomas, 1904); tafa (White, 1803).	SW Western Australia, SE South Australia, S Victoria, E New South Wales, SE and N Queensland, Northern Territory.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).		Brush-tailed Phascogale
10800077	Sminthopsinae	Archer 1982	SUBFAMILY						Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Carnivorous Marsupials vol.2 p.439					Kirsch et al. (1997) divided the subfamily into two tribes, and Krajewski et al. (1997b) concured in finding a deep division between Planigale and others.	
10800079	Antechinomys	Krefft 1866 "1867"	GENUS					Antechinomys	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1866 p.434	Phascogale lanigera Gould, 1856.				Included in Sminthopsis by Archer (1979:329, 1981:187) and by McKenna and Bell (1997); but Lidicker (1983:1317) considered Antechinomys a distinct genus, and Krajewski et al. (1997b) and Blacket et al. (1999) separated it from Sminthopsis on the basis of their molecular findings.	
10900007	Chaeropus	Ogilby 1838	GENUS					Chaeropus	Chaeropodidae	Peramelemorphia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1838 p.26	Perameles ecaudatus Ogilby, 1838.	Choeropus  Waterhouse, 1841.			Molecular data indicate that Chaeropus is the sister group to all other bandicoots (Westerman et al., 1999, 2001).	
10800081	Ningaui	Archer 1975	GENUS					Ningaui	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Mem. Queensl. Mus. vol.17 2 p.239	Ningaui timealeyi Archer, 1975.				An undescribed species of Ningaui occurs in Northern Territory (Australia); see Johnson and Roff (1980). According to Blacket et al. (1999), Ningaui clusters within Sminthopsis.	
10800082	Ningaui ridei	Archer 1975	SPECIES			ridei		Ningaui	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Mem. Queensl. Mus. vol.17 2 p.246			Northern Territory, South Australia, and Western Australia (deserts).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Common.		Wongai Ningaui
10800083	Ningaui timealeyi	Archer 1975	SPECIES			timealeyi		Ningaui	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Mem. Queensl. Mus. vol.17 2 p.244			NW Western Australia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Common.		Pilbara Ningaui
10800084	Ningaui yvonnae	Kitchener, Stoddart, and Henry 1983	SPECIES			yvonnae		Ningaui	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Aus. J. Zool. vol.31 p.366			Australia: Western Australia to New South Wales, Victoria.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Common.		Southern Ningaui
10800085	Sminthopsis	Thomas 1887	GENUS					Sminthopsis	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, ser. 2 vol.4 p.503	Phascogale crassicaudata Gould, 1844.	Podabrus  Gould, 1845 [not of Westwood, 1840].			Original name Podabrus, Gould, 1845, is preoccupied	
10800086	Sminthopsis aitkeni	Kitchener, Stoddart and Henry 1984	SPECIES			aitkeni		Sminthopsis	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Rec. W. Aust. Mus. vol.11 p.204			Kangaroo Isl (South Australia).	IUCN - Endangered.	S. griseoventer species-group. Separated from S. murina by Kitchener et al. (1984b:204).	Kangaroo Island Dunnart
10800087	Sminthopsis archeri	Van Dyck 1986	SPECIES			archeri		Sminthopsis	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Aust. Mamm. vol.9 p.112			Lowland S Papua New Guinea; Northern Gulf, Queensland (Australia).	IUCN  Data Deficient. Common?	S. murina species-group.	Chestnut Dunnart
11000012	Lasiorhinus latifrons	Owen 1845	SPECIES			latifrons		Lasiorhinus	Vombatidae	Diprotodontia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1845 p.82		lasiorhinus (Gould, 1863); mcoyi Gray, 1863.	S South Australia, SE Western Australia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Locally common.		Southern Hairy-nosed Wombat
10800088	Sminthopsis bindi	Van Dyck, Woinarski and Press 1994	SPECIES			bindi		Sminthopsis	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Mem. Qld. Mus. vol.37 p.312			Known from Stuart Highway (12°51S, 131°08E) southeast to Roper Valley (14°55S, 133°54E), but predicted from bioclimatic records to occur in much of C and S Arnhem Land (Australia).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	S. macroura species-group. Formerly misidentified as S. macroura.	Kakadu Dunnart
10800089	Sminthopsis boullangerensis	Crowther, Dickman and Lynam 1999	SPECIES			boullangerensis		Sminthopsis	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Aust. J. Zool. vol.47 p.220			Boullanger Isl, and on the mainland at Lesueur, near Jurien; subfossil material near Hastings Cave may belong to this species according to the describers.	Threatened.	Described as a subspecies of S. griseoventer, but Crowther et al. (1999) described fixed differences in both morphology and allozymes from what they provisionally referred to as S. g. griseoventer, and considered their placement of boullangerensis as "conservative".	Boullanger Island Dunnart
10800090	Sminthopsis butleri	Archer 1979	SPECIES			butleri		Sminthopsis	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Aust. Zool. vol.20 2 p.329			In Australia known only from the type locality; also in Papua New Guinea.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Name first mentioned by Kirsch (1977:47), but first made available was by Archer (1979). Not studied by Krajewski et al. (1999, 2000), but Archer (1981) noted that its affinities are probably with S. macroura.	Carpentarian Dunnart
10800091	Sminthopsis crassicaudata	Gould 1844	SPECIES			crassicaudata		Sminthopsis	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1844 p.105		centralis Thomas, 1902; ferruginea Finlayson, 1933.	South Australia, SW Queensland, SE Northern Territory, S Western Australia, W New South Wales, W Victoria.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Forms a species-group by itself. See Archer (1979:329, 1981:176). See Cooper et al. (2000a) for possible subspecies boundaries.	Fat-tailed Dunnart
10800092	Sminthopsis dolichura	Kitchener, Stoddart and Henry 1984	SPECIES			dolichura		Sminthopsis	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Rec. West. Aust. Mus. vol.11 p.204			Western Australia, South Australia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	S. murina species-group.	Little Long-tailed Dunnart
10800093	Sminthopsis douglasi	Archer 1979	SPECIES			douglasi		Sminthopsis	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Aust. Zool. vol.20 2 p.337			Known from 19-25°30S, 141-143°E, in the "downs country" of NW Queensland; and possibly Mitchell Plateau, Western Australia.	IUCN  Endangered.	S. macroura species-group. For additions to range see Woolley (1992).	Julia Creek Dunnart
10800096	Sminthopsis granulipes	Troughton 1932	SPECIES			granulipes		Sminthopsis	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Rec. Aust. Mus. vol.18 p.350			SW Western Australia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Forms a species-group by itself.	White-tailed Dunnart
10800097	Sminthopsis griseoventer	Kitchener, Stoddart, and Henry 1984	SPECIES			griseoventer		Sminthopsis	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Rec. W. Aust. Mus. vol.11 p.204		caniventer  Baverstock, Adams, and Archer, 1984.	SW Western Australia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	S. griseoventer species-group.	Gray-bellied Dunnart
10900039	Echymipera kalubu subsp. kalubu	Fischer 1829	SUBSPECIES		kalubu	kalubu		Echymipera	Peramelidae	Peramelemorphia	Synopsis Mammal. p.274						
10800098	Sminthopsis hirtipes	Thomas 1898	SPECIES			hirtipes		Sminthopsis	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Nov. Zool. vol.5 p.3			Central deserts in Northern Territory and Western Australia; also coastal scrub 500 km N of Perth.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	S. psammophila species-group.	Hairy-footed Dunnart
10800099	Sminthopsis leucopus	Gray 1842	SPECIES			leucopus		Sminthopsis	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.10 p.261		ferruginifrons (Gould, 1854); leucogenys Higgins and Petterd, 1883; mitchelli (Krefft, 1867).	S and SE Victoria, Tasmania, New South Wales, and Queensland (Australia).	IUCN  Data Deficient. Common?	S. murina species-group. See Archer (1979:329, 1981:102).	White-footed Dunnart
10800100	Sminthopsis longicaudata	Spencer 1909	SPECIES			longicaudata		Sminthopsis	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Proc. R. Soc. Victoria, n.s. vol.21 p.449			Western Australia.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Forms a species-group by itself. Known from only four specimens; see Ride (1970:201).	Long-tailed Dunnart
10800101	Sminthopsis macroura	Gould 1845	SPECIES			macroura		Sminthopsis	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1845 p.79		froggatti Ramsay, 1887; larapinta Spencer, 1896; monticola Troughton, 1965; stalkeri Thomas, 1906.	Australia: NW New South Wales, W Queensland, S Northern Territory, N South Australia, N Western Australia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	S. macroura species-group. See Archer (1979:329, 1981:148). According to Blacket et al. (2001), this is probably a species complex rather than a single species, including froggatti and stalkeri.	Stripe-faced Dunnart
10800102	Sminthopsis murina	Waterhouse 1837 "1838"	SPECIES			murina		Sminthopsis	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1837 p.76		albipes (Waterhouse, 1842); tatei Troughton, 1965.	SW Western Australia, SE South Australia, Victoria, New South Wales, E Queensland.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt) as S. m. tatei; otherwise Lower Risk (lc). Common.	S. murina species-group. See Archer (1979:329, 1981:94-99).	Slender-tailed Dunnart
10800103	Sminthopsis ooldea	Troughton 1964 "1965"	SPECIES			ooldea		Sminthopsis	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. vol.1964 89 p.316			Edge of Nullarbor Plain (South Australia), Western Australia, S Northern Territory.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	S. psammophila species-group. Originally described as a subspecies of murina, but considered a distinct species by Archer (1975:243) and Kirsch and Calaby (1977:15).	Ooldea Dunnart
10800104	Sminthopsis psammophila	Spencer 1895	SPECIES			psammophila		Sminthopsis	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Proc. R. Soc. Victoria, n.s. vol.7 p.223			Australia: SW Northern Territory (vicinity of Ayers Rock) and Eyre Peninsula (South Australia).	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Endangered.	S. psammophila species-group. Known only from five specimens; see Archer (1981:215).	Sandhill Dunnart
10800105	Sminthopsis virginiae	de Tarragon 1847	SPECIES			virginiae		Sminthopsis	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Rev. Zool. Paris p.177		nitela  Collett, 1897; lumholtzi Iredale and Troughton, 1934; rufigenis Thomas, 1922; rona (Tate and Archbold, 1936).	N Queensland, N Northern Territory (Australia); Aru Isls (Indonesia); lowlands of S New Guinea.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	S. macroura species-group. See Archer (1979:329, 1981:132) and Kirsch and Calaby (1977:15). De Tarragon's 1847 description of S. virginiae did not specify a type locality and his type specimen, now lost, had no known locality. Collett (1886[1887]:548) named S. nitela from Herbert Vale and it was subsequently renamed S. lumholtzi, both being referable to virginiae according to Archer (1981:136); but nitela and probably rufigenis may be distinct species according to Blacket et al. (2001).	Red-cheeked Dunnart
10800106	Sminthopsis virginiae subsp. virginiae	de Tarragon 1847	SUBSPECIES		virginiae	virginiae		Sminthopsis	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Rev. Zool. Paris p.177						
10800107	Sminthopsis virginiae subsp. nitela	Collett 1897	SUBSPECIES		nitela	virginiae		Sminthopsis	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia							
10800108	Sminthopsis virginiae subsp. rufigenis	Thomas 1922	SUBSPECIES		rufigenis	virginiae		Sminthopsis	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia							
10800109	Sminthopsis youngsoni	McKenzie and Archer 1982	SPECIES			youngsoni		Sminthopsis	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Austr. Mamm. vol.5 p.267			Western Australia, Northern Territory.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	S. psammophila species-group.	Lesser Hairy-footed Dunnart
10800110	Planigalini	Archer 1982	TRIBE						Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Carnivorous Marsupials vol.2 p.439						
10800111	Planigale	Troughton 1928	GENUS					Planigale	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Rec. Aust. Mus. vol.16 p.282	Planigale brunneus Troughton, 1928 (= Phascogale ingrami Thomas, 1906).				Revised by Archer (1976) on the basis of morphology and by Painter et al. (1995) on the basis of mitochondrial cytochrome b sequencing.	
10800112	Planigale gilesi	Aitken 1972	SPECIES			gilesi		Planigale	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Rec. S. Aust. Mus. vol.16 10 p.1			NE South Australia, NW New South Wales, and SW Queensland (Australia).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Paucident Planigale
10900024	Perameles eremiana	Spencer 1897	SPECIES			eremiana		Perameles	Peramelidae	Peramelemorphia	Proc. R. Soc. Victoria, n.s. vol.9 p.9			N South Australia, S Northern Territory, Great Victoria Desert (Western Australia).	U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Extinct.	Possibly extinct; see Ride (1970:200).	Desert Bandicoot
10800113	Planigale ingrami	Thomas 1906	SPECIES			ingrami		Planigale	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1906 32 p.6		brunnea Troughton, 1928; subtilissima Lönnberg, 1913.	Australia: N and E Queensland, NE Northern Territory, NE Western Australia.	U.S. ESA  Endangered as P. i. subtilissima; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc)..	See Archer (1976:351). Woolley (1974) suggested that Western Australian P. i. subtilissima may be specifically distinct. A related but distinct species, referred to simply as Planigale 2 by Painter at al. (1995), is known from the Pilbara, Western Australia.	Long-tailed Planigale
10800114	Planigale ingrami subsp. ingrami	Thomas 1906	SUBSPECIES		ingrami	ingrami		Planigale	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1906 32 p.6					See Archer (1976:351). Woolley (1974) suggested that Western Australian P. i. subtilissima may be specifically distinct. A related but distinct species, referred to simply as Planigale 2 by Painter at al. (1995), is known from the Pilbara, Western Australia.	
10800115	Planigale ingrami subsp. brunnea	Troughton 1928	SUBSPECIES		brunnea	ingrami		Planigale	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia							
10800116	Planigale ingrami subsp. subtilissima	Lönnberg 1913	SUBSPECIES		subtilissima	ingrami		Planigale	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia							
10900011	Isoodon	Desmarest 1817	GENUS					Isoodon	Peramelidae	Peramelemorphia	Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., Nouv. ed. vol.16 p.409	Didelphis obesula Shaw, 1797.	Thylacis  Haltenorth, 1958 [not of Illiger, 1811 (=Perameles)].			Includes Thylacis of Haltenorth, 1958, which was an incorrect usage; see Van Deusen and Jones (1967:74) and Lidicker and Follett (1968). Revised by Lyne and Mort (1981).	
11000013	Vombatus	É. Geoffroy 1803	GENUS					Vombatus	Vombatidae	Diprotodontia	Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris vol.72 p.185	Didelphis ursina Shaw, 1800.	Amblotis Illiger, 1811; Opossum Perry, 1810; Phascolomis É. Geoffroy, 1803; Phascolomus Rafinesque, 1815; Phascolomys Duméril, 1806; Wombatus Desmarest, 1804.				
10800117	Planigale maculata	Gould 1851	SPECIES			maculata		Planigale	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Mamm. Aust. vol.1 p.pl. 44		minutissimus  (Gould, 1852); sinualis (Thomas, 1926).	E Queensland, NE New South Wales, and N Northern Territory (Australia).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Transferred to Planigale from Antechinus by Archer (1976:346). According to Painter et al. (1995), it is the most distinctive species in the genus, and may be closer to Sminthopsis. The subspecies P. m. sinualis (Arnhem Land and Groote Eylandt) is widely divergent in mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences, as well as morphologically, and may be specifically distinct (Painter et al., 1995). A related but distinct species, referred to simply as Planigale 1 by Painter et al. (1995), is known from the Pilbara, Western Australia.	Pygmy Planigale
10800118	Planigale maculata subsp. maculata	Gould 1851	SUBSPECIES		maculata	maculata		Planigale	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Mamm. Aust. vol.1 p.pl. 44						
10800119	Planigale maculata subsp. sinualis	Thomas 1926	SUBSPECIES		sinualis	maculata		Planigale	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia							
10800120	Planigale novaeguineae	Tate and Archbold 1941	SPECIES			novaeguineae		Planigale	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.1101 p.7			Lowlands of S New Guinea.	IUCN  Vulnerable.		New Guinean Planigale
10800121	Planigale tenuirostris	Troughton 1928	SPECIES			tenuirostris		Planigale	Dasyuridae	Dasyuromorphia	Rec. Aust. Mus. vol.16 p.285			NW New South Wales, and SC Queensland (Australia).	U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Narrow-nosed Planigale
10900001	Peramelemorphia	Ameghino 1889	ORDER							Peramelemorphia			Peramelia, Perameliformes, Perameloidea			Recognized as an order by Aplin and Archer (1987) who proposed a new syncretic classification of the marsupials. McKenna and Bell (1997) used the name Peramelia.	
10900002	Thylacomyidae	Bensley 1903	FAMILY						Thylacomyidae	Peramelemorphia	Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. (Zool.), ser.2 vol.9 p.110					Included in the family Peramelidae by Vaughan (1978:39) and Groves and Flannery (1990); but more distinct than Peroryctidae according to Kirsch et al. (1997). McKenna and Bell (1997) included it in family Peramelidae, subfamily Chaeropodinae, with Chaeropus.	
10900003	Macrotis	Reid 1836 "1837"	GENUS					Macrotis	Thylacomyidae	Peramelemorphia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1836 p.131	Perameles lagotis Reid, 1837.	Paragalia Gray, 1841; Peragale Lydekker, 1887; Phalacomys Anon., 1854; Thalaconus Richardson, Dallas, Cobbold, Baird and White, 1862; Thylacomys Blyth, 1840.			Not preoccupied by Macrotis Dejean, 1833, a nomen nudum (Troughton, 1932b). Archer and Kirsch (1977) placed Macrotis (including its junior synonym Thylacomys) in a separate family (the name available being Thylacomyidae), rather than in Peramelidae. Groves and Flannery (1990) placed Macrotis back in Peramelidae.	
10900004	Macrotis lagotis	Reid 1836 "1837"	SPECIES			lagotis		Macrotis	Thylacomyidae	Peramelemorphia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1836 p.129		cambrica Troughton, 1932; grandis Troughton, 1932; interjecta Troughton, 1932; nigripes (Wood Jones, 1923); sagitta (Thomas, 1905).	Formerly in Western Australia, South Australia, Northern Territory, W New South Wales, SW Queensland. Survives only in SW Queensland, Northern Territory/Western Australia border region and Kimberleys.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Vulnerable.		Greater Bilby
10900005	Macrotis leucura	Thomas 1887	SPECIES			leucura		Macrotis	Thylacomyidae	Peramelemorphia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5 vol.19 p.397		minor (Spencer, 1897); miseliae Tate, 1948; miselius (Finlayson, 1932).	C Australia.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Extinct.	Probably extinct; see Ride (1970:200).	Lesser Bilby
11000023	Cercartetus caudatus subsp. macrura	Mjöberg 1916	SUBSPECIES		macrura	caudatus		Cercartetus	Burramyidae	Diprotodontia							
10900006	Chaeropodidae	Gill 1872	FAMILY						Chaeropodidae	Peramelemorphia	Smithson. Misc. Collect. vol.11 p.26		Chaeropini Szalay, 1994.			A subfamily of Peramelidae according to McKenna and Bell (1997), who included Thylacomyidae as a synonym. Molecular data (Westerman et al., 1999, 2001) do not support this arrangement, but indicate that Chaeropus is the sister-group of all other Peramelemorphia, so it is given family rank here.	
10900008	Chaeropus ecaudatus	Ogilby 1838	SPECIES			ecaudatus		Chaeropus	Chaeropodidae	Peramelemorphia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1838 p.25		castanotis Gray, 1842; occidentalis Gould, 1845.	Australia: SW New South Wales, Victoria, S Northern Territory, N South Australia, Western Australia.	CITES  Appendix I [Possibly Extinct]; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Extinct.	Probably extinct, last taken in 1907; see Ride (1970:200).	Pig-footed Bandicoot
10900009	Peramelidae	Gray 1825	FAMILY						Peramelidae	Peramelemorphia	Ann. Philos., n.s. vol.10 p.336		Peroryctidae, Echymiperinae.			Formerly considered to include the family Thylacomyidae; see Vaughan (1978:39) and Groves and Flannery (1990); but also see Archer and Kirsch (1977). Revised by Tate (1948b). Divided by McKenna and Bell (1997) into two families: Peramelidae, with two subfamilies, Chaeropodinae (for Chaeropus and Macrotis) and Peramelinae; and Peroryctidae, with two subfamilies, Peroryctinae and Echymiperinae. Molecular data (Westerman et al., 1999, 2001) do not support the monophyly of Chaeropodinae in the sense of McKenna and Bell (1997), show that Chaeropus is very distinct from other bandicoots, and do not support the monophyly of Peroryctidae.	
10900010	Peramelinae	Gray 1825	SUBFAMILY						Peramelidae	Peramelemorphia	Ann. Philos., n.s. vol.10 p.336						
11900059	Tupaia tana subsp. lingae	Lyon 1913	SUBSPECIES		lingae	tana		Tupaia	Tupaiidae	Scandentia							
10900012	Isoodon auratus	Ramsay 1887	SPECIES			auratus		Isoodon	Peramelidae	Peramelemorphia	Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., ser. 2 vol.2 p.551		arnhemensis  Lyne and Mort, 1981; barrowensis (Thomas, 1901).	Australia: Formerly Northern Territory and N Western Australia, survives in NW of Western Australia and on Barrow Isl.	IUCN  Vulnerable as I. auratus, I. a. auratus, and I. a. barrowensis. Rare.	See Ride (1970:96) and Lyne and Mort (1981), who recognized arnhemensis and barrowensis as distinct species. A revision based on wider material is needed.	Golden Bandicoot
10900013	Isoodon auratus subsp. auratus	Ramsay 1887	SUBSPECIES		auratus	auratus		Isoodon	Peramelidae	Peramelemorphia	Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., ser. 2 vol.2 p.551						
10900014	Isoodon auratus subsp. arnhemensis	Lyne and Mort 1981	SUBSPECIES		arnhemensis	auratus		Isoodon	Peramelidae	Peramelemorphia							
10900015	Isoodon auratus subsp. barrowensis	Thomas 1901	SUBSPECIES		barrowensis	auratus		Isoodon	Peramelidae	Peramelemorphia							
10900016	Isoodon macrourus	Gould 1842	SPECIES			macrourus		Isoodon	Peramelidae	Peramelemorphia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1842 p.41		macrura (Wagner, 1853); moresbyensis (Ramsay, 1877); torosa (Ramsay, 1877).	NE Western Australia, N Northern Territory, E Queensland, and NE New South Wales (Australia); S and E New Guinea.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Common.		Northern Brown Bandicoot
10900017	Isoodon macrourus subsp. macrourus	Gould 1842	SUBSPECIES		macrourus	macrourus		Isoodon	Peramelidae	Peramelemorphia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1842 p.41						
10900018	Isoodon macrourus subsp. moresbyensis	Ramsay 1877	SUBSPECIES		moresbyensis	macrourus		Isoodon	Peramelidae	Peramelemorphia							
10900019	Isoodon obesulus	Shaw 1797	SPECIES			obesulus		Isoodon	Peramelidae	Peramelemorphia	Nat. Misc. vol.8 p.298		affinis (Waterhouse, 1846); fusciventer (Gray, 1841); peninsulae Thomas, 1922; nauticus Thomas, 1922.	SE New South Wales, S Victoria, SE South Australia, N Queensland, SW Western Australia, Nuyts Arch. (Great Australian Bight, S Australian coast), and Tasmania.	IUCN  Vulnerable as I. o. nauticus, Lower Risk (nt) as I. o. fusciventer, I. o. obesulus, and I. o. peninsulae; otherwise Lower Risk (lc). Locally common.		Southern Brown Bandicoot
10900020	Isoodon obesulus subsp. obesulus	Shaw 1797	SUBSPECIES		obesulus	obesulus		Isoodon	Peramelidae	Peramelemorphia	Nat. Misc. vol.8 p.298						
10900021	Isoodon obesulus subsp. nauticus	Thomas 1922	SUBSPECIES		nauticus	obesulus		Isoodon	Peramelidae	Peramelemorphia							
10900022	Perameles	É. Geoffroy 1804	GENUS					Perameles	Peramelidae	Peramelemorphia	Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.4 p.56	Perameles nasuta É. Geoffroy, 1804.	Thylacis  Illiger, 1811.			Perameles was also used by Geoffroy, 1804, Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris, 3(80):249, which may take priority (dates uncertain). Molecular data (Westerman et al., 2001) suggest that this genus may be paraphyletic with respect to Isoodon. Species boundaries in the genus are confused and a revision is needed.	
11000071	Spilocuscus maculatus subsp. goldiei	Ramsay 1876	SUBSPECIES		goldiei	maculatus		Spilocuscus	Phalangeridae	Diprotodontia							
10900023	Perameles bougainville	Quoy and Gaimard 1824	SPECIES			bougainville		Perameles	Peramelidae	Peramelemorphia	In de Freycinet, Voy. autour du monde...l'Uranie et al Physicienne, Zool. p.56		arenaria Gould, 1844; fasciata Gray, 1841; myosuros Wagner, 1841; notina Thomas, 1922.	Formerly in S South Australia, NW Victoria, W New South Wales, S Western Australia, Bernier and Dorre Isls, survives only on Bernier and Dorre Isls (off Western Australia).	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Extinct as P. b. fasciata, Endangered as P. b. bougainville. Rare.	See Ride (1970:100).	Western Barred Bandicoot
10900025	Perameles gunnii	Gray 1838	SPECIES			gunnii		Perameles	Peramelidae	Peramelemorphia	Ann. Nat. Hist. vol.1 p.107			Australia: S Victoria, where restricted to Hamilton, and Tasmania.	IUCN  Vulnerable as P. g. gunnii. Common in Tasmania, Endangered in Victoria.		Eastern Barred Bandicoot
10900026	Perameles nasuta	É. Geoffroy 1804	SPECIES			nasuta		Perameles	Peramelidae	Peramelemorphia	Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.4 p.62		lawson Quoy and Gaimard, 1824; major Schinz, 1825; musei (Boitard, 1841); pallescens Thomas, 1923.	Australia: E Queensland, E New South Wales, E Victoria.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Common.		Long-nosed Bandicoot
10900027	Peroryctinae	Groves and Flannery 1990	SUBFAMILY						Peramelidae	Peramelemorphia	In Seebeck et al. (eds.), Bandicoots and Bilbies p.2					McKenna and Bell (1997) attributed this name to a publication of Archer et al. (1989), but this is a nomen nudum, referring to a manuscript name of Groves and Flannery. Kirsch et al. (1997) reduced this to a subfamily under Peramelidae. Westerman et al. (1999) considered the family, sensu Groves and Flannery, probably polyphyletic, and that Echymipera and Microperoryctes form a sister clade to genera of the Peramelidae; further material confirms this, and add Peroryctes as a third, probably sister clade to the rest (Westerman et al, 2001). A peroryctid, probably Echymipera sp., occurred on Halmahera until 1870 B. P. (Flannery et al., 1995a).	
10900028	Peroryctes	Thomas 1906	GENUS					Peroryctes	Peramelidae	Peramelemorphia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1906 p.476	Perameles raffrayana Milne-Edwards, 1878.				May not be close to the other genera of this family (Westerman et al., 1999).	
10900029	Peroryctes broadbenti	Ramsay 1879	SPECIES			broadbenti		Peroryctes	Peramelidae	Peramelemorphia	Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. vol.3 p.402, pl. 27			SE New Guinea, probably lowlands.	IUCN  Data Deficient. Rare.	Included in raffrayana by Laurie and Hill (1954:10), but considered a distinct species by Van Deusen and Jones (1967:74).	Giant Bandicoot
10900030	Peroryctes raffrayana	Milne-Edwards 1878	SPECIES			raffrayana		Peroryctes	Peramelidae	Peramelemorphia	Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) vol.7 11 p.1		rothschildi (Förster, 1913); mainois (Förster, 1913).	New Guinea, sea level to 4000 m; Yapen Isl.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Secure.	Laurie and Hill (1954:10) included broadbenti in this species; but see Van Deusen and Jones (1967:74).	Raffrays Bandicoot
10900031	Peroryctes raffrayana subsp. raffrayana	Milne-Edwards 1878	SUBSPECIES		raffrayana	raffrayana		Peroryctes	Peramelidae	Peramelemorphia	Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) vol.7 11 p.1						
10900032	Peroryctes raffrayana subsp. rothschildi	Förster 1913	SUBSPECIES		rothschildi	raffrayana		Peroryctes	Peramelidae	Peramelemorphia							
10900033	Echymiperinae	McKenna and Bell 1997	SUBFAMILY						Peramelidae	Peramelemorphia	Class. Mamm. Above Species Level p.57						
10900034	Echymipera	Lesson 1842	GENUS					Echymipera	Peramelidae	Peramelemorphia	Nouv. Tabl. Regn. Anim. Mammifères p.192	Perameles kalubu Fischer, 1829.	Peramelopsis Heude, 1896; Suillomeles Allen and Barbour, 1909.			See Groves and Flannery (1990).	
10900035	Echymipera clara	Stein 1932	SPECIES			clara		Echymipera	Peramelidae	Peramelemorphia	Z. Säugetierk. vol.7 p.256			NC New Guinea, 300-1700 m; Yapen Isl (Indonesia).	IUCN  Data Deficient. Rare.	See Flannery (1990a) for an assessment of its affinities.	Claras Echymipera
10900036	Echymipera davidi	Flannery 1990	SPECIES			davidi		Echymipera	Peramelidae	Peramelemorphia	In Seebeck et al. (eds.), Bandicoots and Bilbies p.29			Kiriwina Isl (Papua New Guinea).	IUCN  Data Deficient. Unknown.	Not closely related to any other species of Echymipera (Flannery, 1990a).	Davids Echymipera
10900037	Echymipera echinista	Menzies 1990	SPECIES			echinista		Echymipera	Peramelidae	Peramelemorphia	Science in New Guinea vol.16 p.92			Known only from Western (Fly River) Province, Papua New Guinea.	IUCN  Data Deficient. Rare.		Menzies Echymipera
11000004	Phascolarctos	de Blainville 1816	GENUS					Phascolarctos	Phascolarctidae	Diprotodontia	Nouv. Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. (Paris) p.108	Lipurus cinereus Goldfuss, 1817 (seen by de Blainville in ms., published 1817).	Draximenus Lay, 1825; Koala Schinz, 1821; Lipurus Goldfuss, 1817; Liscurus McMurtie, 1834; Morodactylus Goldfuss, 1820.				
11000072	Spilocuscus maculatus subsp. nudicaudatus	Gould 1850	SUBSPECIES		nudicaudatus	maculatus		Spilocuscus	Phalangeridae	Diprotodontia							
10900038	Echymipera kalubu	Fischer 1829	SPECIES			kalubu		Echymipera	Peramelidae	Peramelemorphia	Synopsis Mammal. p.274		alticeps (Cohn, 1910); breviceps (Cohn, 1910); doreyanus (Quoy and Gaimard, 1830); garagassi (Miklouho-Maclay, 1884); hispida (Allen and Barbour, 1909); rufiventris (Heller, 1897); cockerelli (Ramsay, 1877); myoides (Günther, 1883); oriomo Tate and Archbold, 1936; philipi Troughton, 1954.	New Guinea and adjacent small islands including Bismarck Arch., Yapen, Biak-Supiori, Waigeo, Misool and Salawati Isls.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Common.	The name kalubu has been attributed to Lesson, 1828, Dict. Class. Hist. Nat., 13:200; but see Husson (1955:290). According to Westerman et al. (2001), the molecular relationships of E. k. cockerelli (from New Britain and Duke of York Isl) are with E. rufescens rather than with other E. kalubu, but it is morphologically similar to kalubu.	Common Echymipera
10900041	Echymipera kalubu subsp. oriomo	Tate and Archbold 1936	SUBSPECIES		oriomo	kalubu		Echymipera	Peramelidae	Peramelemorphia							
10900042	Echymipera kalubu subsp. philipi	Troughton 1954	SUBSPECIES		philipi	kalubu		Echymipera	Peramelidae	Peramelemorphia							
10900043	Echymipera rufescens	Peters and Doria 1875	SPECIES			rufescens		Echymipera	Peramelidae	Peramelemorphia	Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova vol.7 p.541		aruensis (Peters and Doria, 1875); gargantua Thomas, 1914; keiensis (Cohn, 1910); welsianus (Heude, 1896); australis Tate, 1948.	Cape York Peninsula (Queensland, Australia); New Guinea and DEntrecasteaux Isls; Kai and Aru Isls, Yapen Isl, and Misool Isl (Indonesia).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Uncommon.		Long-nosed Echymipera
10900044	Echymipera rufescens subsp. rufescens	Peters and Doria 1875	SUBSPECIES		rufescens	rufescens		Echymipera	Peramelidae	Peramelemorphia	Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova vol.7 p.541						
10900045	Echymipera rufescens subsp. australis	Tate 1948	SUBSPECIES		australis	rufescens		Echymipera	Peramelidae	Peramelemorphia							
10900046	Microperoryctes	Stein 1932	GENUS					Microperoryctes	Peramelidae	Peramelemorphia	Z. Säugetierk. vol.7 p.256	Microperoryctes murina Stein, 1932.	Ornoryctes  Tate and Archbold, 1937.			For synonymy of Ornoryctes with Microperoryctes instead of with Peroryctes, see Groves and Flannery (1990).	
11000011	Lasiorhinus krefftii subsp. barnardi	Longman 1939	SUBSPECIES		barnardi	krefftii		Lasiorhinus	Vombatidae	Diprotodontia							
10900047	Microperoryctes longicauda	Peters and Doria 1876	SPECIES			longicauda		Microperoryctes	Peramelidae	Peramelemorphia	Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova vol.8 p.335		dorsalis  (Thomas, 1922); ornatus (Thomas, 1904); magnus Laurie, 1952.	Interior New Guinea, 1000-4000 m.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Common.	Formerly included in Peroryctes, but see Groves and Flannery (1990).	Striped Bandicoot
10900048	Microperoryctes longicauda subsp. longicauda	Peters and Doria 1876	SUBSPECIES		longicauda	longicauda		Microperoryctes	Peramelidae	Peramelemorphia	Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova vol.8 p.335						
10900049	Microperoryctes longicauda subsp. dorsalis	Thomas 1922	SUBSPECIES		dorsalis	longicauda		Microperoryctes	Peramelidae	Peramelemorphia							
10900050	Microperoryctes longicauda subsp. ornatus	Thomas 1904	SUBSPECIES		ornatus	longicauda		Microperoryctes	Peramelidae	Peramelemorphia							
10900051	Microperoryctes murina	Stein 1932	SPECIES			murina		Microperoryctes	Peramelidae	Peramelemorphia	Z. Säugetierk. vol.7 p.257			W interior New Guinea., Vogelkop and Weyland Range, around 2000 m.	IUCN  Data Deficient. Rare.	The two isolates of this species are actually distinct species (Helgen and Flannery, work in progress).	Mouse Bandicoot
10900052	Microperoryctes papuensis	Laurie 1952	SPECIES			papuensis		Microperoryctes	Peramelidae	Peramelemorphia	Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Zool. vol.1 p.291			SE interior New Guinea, 1200-2650 m.	IUCN  Data Deficient. Rare.	Formerly included in Peroryctes, but see Groves and Flannery (1990).	Papuan Bandicoot
10900053	Rhynchomeles	Thomas 1920	GENUS					Rhynchomeles	Peramelidae	Peramelemorphia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.6 p.429-430	Rhynchomeles prattorum Thomas, 1920.					
10900054	Rhynchomeles prattorum	Thomas 1920	SPECIES			prattorum		Rhynchomeles	Peramelidae	Peramelemorphia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.6 p.429-430			Seram Isl (Indonesia), restricted to high elevations.	IUCN  Data Deficient. Rare.	See Groves and Flannery (1990), Kittchener et al. (1993).	Seram Bandicoot
11000001	Diprotodontia	Owen 1866	ORDER							Diprotodontia			Phalangeriformes			Recognized as an order by Aplin and Archer (1987) who proposed a new syncretic classification of the marsupials. Divided into three suborders by Kirsch et al. (1997); their arrangement is followed here.	
11000002	VOMBATIFORMES	Burnett 1830	SUBORDER							Diprotodontia							
11000003	Phascolarctidae	Owen 1839	FAMILY						Phascolarctidae	Diprotodontia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1839 p.19					Formerly included in the Phalangeridae; see Ride (1970:225).	
11000022	Cercartetus caudatus subsp. caudatus	Milne-Edwards 1877	SUBSPECIES		caudatus	caudatus		Cercartetus	Burramyidae	Diprotodontia	C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris vol.85 p.1079						
11000005	Phascolarctos cinereus	Goldfuss 1817	SPECIES			cinereus		Phascolarctos	Phascolarctidae	Diprotodontia	Die Säugethiere vol.pt. 65 p.pl. 155, Aa, Ac		adustus Thomas, 1923; flindersii Lesson, 1827; fuscus Desmarest, 1820; koala Gray, 1827; subiens (Burnett, 1830); victor Troughton, 1935.	Australia: SE Queensland, E New South Wales, SE South Australia, and Victoria. Introduced on Kangaroo Isl, South Australia and at Yanchep, Western Australia.	U.S. ESA  Threatened; IUCN  Lower Risk (nt). Vulnerable.	Subspecies are uncertain.	Koala
11000006	Vombatidae	Burnett 1829 "1830"	FAMILY						Vombatidae	Diprotodontia	Quart. J. Lit. Sci. Art. vol.1829 p.351		Phascolomyidae Goldfuss, 1820.			Phascolomyidae Goldfuss, 1820, is based on Phascolomis, a junior synonym (Haltenorth, 1958:32). Because Phascolomyidae was replaced with Vombatidae before 1961, and because Vombatidae has won general acceptance, it is to be maintained (Art. 40.2 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1999).	
11000224	Dorcopsis luctuosa subsp. luctuosa	D'Albertis 1874	SUBSPECIES		luctuosa	luctuosa		Dorcopsis	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1874 p.110						
11000007	Lasiorhinus	Gray 1863	GENUS					Lasiorhinus	Vombatidae	Diprotodontia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3 vol.11 p.458	Lasiorhinus mcoyi Gray, 1863 (= Phascolomys latifrons Owen, 1845).	Wombatula  Iredale and Troughton, 1934.			This genus needs revision; krefftii may be better restricted to a Pleistocene species, and neither barnardi nor gillespiei may belong to it.	
11000008	Lasiorhinus krefftii	Owen 1873	SPECIES			krefftii		Lasiorhinus	Vombatidae	Diprotodontia	Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London vol.162 p.178, pl. 17, 20		gillespiei  (DeVis, 1900); barnardi Longman, 1939.	Australia: SE and E Queensland, Deniliquin (New South Wales).	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA Endangered; IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Includes gillespiei and barnardi according to Kirsch and Calaby (1977:23), who stated that only a single remnant population of krefftii remained at the type locality of barnardi. However, populations historically known as barnardi may not be referable to krefftii.	Northern Hairy-nosed Wombat
11000009	Lasiorhinus krefftii subsp. krefftii	Owen 1873	SUBSPECIES		krefftii	krefftii		Lasiorhinus	Vombatidae	Diprotodontia	Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London vol.162 p.178, pl. 17, 20						
11000010	Lasiorhinus krefftii subsp. gillespiei	DeVis 1900	SUBSPECIES		gillespiei	krefftii		Lasiorhinus	Vombatidae	Diprotodontia							
11900060	Tupaia tana subsp. masae	Lyon 1913	SUBSPECIES		masae	tana		Tupaia	Tupaiidae	Scandentia							
11000014	Vombatus ursinus	Shaw 1800	SPECIES			ursinus		Vombatus	Vombatidae	Diprotodontia	Gen. Zool. Syst. Nat. Hist. vol.1 2, Mammalia p.504		angasii (Gray, 1863); assimilis (Krefft, 1872); bassii (Lesson, 1827); fossor (Desmarest, 1804); fuscus (Tiedemann, 1808); hirsutum (Perry, 1810); mitchelli (Owen, 1838); niger (Gould, 1863); platyrhinus (Owen, 1853); setosus (Gray, 1863); tasmaniensis (Spencer and Kershaw, 1910); vombatus (Leach, 1815); wombat (Voigt, 1802).	E New South Wales, S Victoria, SE South Australia, Tasmania, islands in the Bass Strait, and extreme SE Queensland (Australia).	IUCN  Vulnerable as V. u. ursinus, Lower Risk (lc) as V. usrinus. Common.	Subspecies uncertain; marked differences in size exist between insular and mainland wombats, but there are wide overlaps.	Common Wombat
11000016	Phalangeroidea	Thomas 1888	SUPERFAMILY							Diprotodontia	Cat. Marsup. Monotr. Brit. Mus. p.126						
11000017	Burramyidae	Broom 1898	FAMILY						Burramyidae	Diprotodontia	Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. vol.10 p.564						
11000018	Burramys	Broom 1896	GENUS					Burramys	Burramyidae	Diprotodontia	Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. vol.10 p.564	Burramys parvus Broom, 1896.					
11000019	Burramys parvus	Broom 1896	SPECIES			parvus		Burramys	Burramyidae	Diprotodontia	Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. vol.10 p.564 [fig. in pl. 25, p. 273]			Mountains of NE Victoria and S New South Wales (Australia).	U.S. ESA and IUCN  Endangered.		Mountain Pygmy Possum
11000020	Cercartetus	Gloger 1841	GENUS					Cercartetus	Burramyidae	Diprotodontia	Gemein Hand.-Hilfsbuch. Nat. vol.1 p.85	Phalangista nana Desmarest, 1818.	Dromicia Gray,1841; Dromiciella Matschie, 1916; Dromiciola Matschie, 1916; Eudromicia Mjöberg, 1916.			Includes Eudromicia (see Kirsch and Calaby, 1977:16).	
11000021	Cercartetus caudatus	Milne-Edwards 1877	SPECIES			caudatus		Cercartetus	Burramyidae	Diprotodontia	C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris vol.85 p.1079		macrura  (Mjöberg, 1916).	Interior New Guinea, above 1500 m; Fergusson Isl (Papua New Guinea); NE Queensland (Australia).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt) as C. c. macrurus, Lower Risk (lc) as C. c. caudatus. Common.	Includes macrura (see Ride, 1970:224). Formerly included in Eudromicia; see comment under genus.	Long-tailed Pygmy Possum
11000242	Osphranter	Gould 1842	SUBGENUS				Osphranter	Macropus	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia							
11000024	Cercartetus concinnus	Gould 1845	SPECIES			concinnus		Cercartetus	Burramyidae	Diprotodontia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1845 p.2		neillii (Waterhouse, 1846); minor Wakefield, 1963.	SW Western Australia, S and SE South Australia including Kangaroo Isl, W Victoria.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Common.		Southwestern Pygmy Possum
11000025	Cercartetus concinnus subsp. concinnus	Gould 1845	SUBSPECIES		concinnus	concinnus		Cercartetus	Burramyidae	Diprotodontia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1845 p.2						
11000026	Cercartetus concinnus subsp. minor	Wakefield 1963	SUBSPECIES		minor	concinnus		Cercartetus	Burramyidae	Diprotodontia							
11000027	Cercartetus lepidus	Thomas 1888	SPECIES			lepidus		Cercartetus	Burramyidae	Diprotodontia	Cat. Marsup. Monotr. Brit. Mus. p.142			Australia: Tasmania, NW Victoria/South Australia border, and Kangaroo Isl (South Australia).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Common.	Formerly included in Eudromicia; see comment under genus.	Tasmanian Pygmy Possum
11000028	Cercartetus nanus	Desmarest 1818	SPECIES			nanus		Cercartetus	Burramyidae	Diprotodontia	Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., Nouv. ed. vol.25 p.477		gliriformis (Bell, 1828); unicolor (Krefft, 1863); britta (Wood Jones, 1925).	Australia: SE South Australia, E New South Wales to SE Queensland, Victoria, and Tasmania.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Common.		Eastern Pygmy Possum
11000029	Cercartetus nanus subsp. nanus	Desmarest 1818	SUBSPECIES		nanus	nanus		Cercartetus	Burramyidae	Diprotodontia	Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., Nouv. ed. vol.25 p.477						
11000030	Cercartetus nanus subsp. unicolor	Krefft 1863	SUBSPECIES		unicolor	nanus		Cercartetus	Burramyidae	Diprotodontia							
11000031	Phalangeridae	Thomas 1888	FAMILY						Phalangeridae	Diprotodontia	Cat. Marsup. Monotr. Brit. Mus. p.126					Distinct from Phascolarctidae (see Ride, 1970:22) and does not include Pseudocheiridae, Petauridae, Burramyidae, or Acrobatidae (see Aplin and Archer, 1987). A provisional classification was given by Flannery et al. (1987), and this was modified by Norris (1994).	
11000032	Ailuropinae	Flannery, Archer and Maynes 1987	SUBFAMILY						Phalangeridae	Diprotodontia	In M. Archer (ed.), Possums and Opossums: Studies in Evolution vol.2 p.482						
11000033	Ailurops	Wagler 1830	GENUS					Ailurops	Phalangeridae	Diprotodontia	Naturliches Syst. Amphibien p.26	Phalangista ursina Temminck, 1824.	Ceonix Temminck, 1827; Eucuscus Gray, 1862.			McKenna and Bell (1997) did not separate this genus from Phalanger, but Flannery et al. (1987) had placed it in its own subfamily, Ailuropinae, citing evidence that it is the sister-group of the rest of the Phalangeridae.	
11000059	Phalanger orientalis subsp. breviceps	Thomas 1888	SUBSPECIES		breviceps	orientalis		Phalanger	Phalangeridae	Diprotodontia							
11300019	Orycteropus afer subsp. somalicus	Lydekker 1908	SUBSPECIES		somalicus	afer		Orycteropus	Orycteropodidae	Tubulidentata							
11000034	Ailurops melanotis	Thomas 1898	SPECIES			melanotis		Ailurops	Phalangeridae	Diprotodontia	Novit. Zool. vol.5 p.2			Only found on Salebabu Isl in the Talaud Isls (Indonesia).	Unknown.	Formerly included in A. ursinus; but measurements of the type (and only known preserved) specimen given by Feiler (1977) fall strongly outside those from Sulawesi and offshore islands, and the distinctive colouration and patterning of the type is seen in a second (living) specimen, whose photograph I examined, courtesy of R. Wirth.	Talaud Bear Cuscus
11000035	Ailurops ursinus	Temminck 1824	SPECIES			ursinus		Ailurops	Phalangeridae	Diprotodontia	Monogr. Mamm. vol.1 p.10		flavissimus (Feiler, 1977); furvus (Miller and Hollister, 1922); intermedius (Hooijer, 1952); togianus (Tate, 1945).	Sulawesi, Peleng Isl, Muna and Butung Isls, Togian Isls.	IUCN  Date Deficient. Common.	Formerly included in Phalanger. May be a species complex.	Sulawesi Bear Cuscus
11000036	Ailurops ursinus subsp. ursinus	Temminck 1824	SUBSPECIES		ursinus	ursinus		Ailurops	Phalangeridae	Diprotodontia	Monogr. Mamm. vol.1 p.10						
11000037	Ailurops ursinus subsp. flavissimus	Feiler 1977	SUBSPECIES		flavissimus	ursinus		Ailurops	Phalangeridae	Diprotodontia							
11000038	Ailurops ursinus subsp. furvus	Miller and Hollister 1922	SUBSPECIES		furvus	ursinus		Ailurops	Phalangeridae	Diprotodontia							
11000039	Ailurops ursinus subsp. togianus	Tate 1945	SUBSPECIES		togianus	ursinus		Ailurops	Phalangeridae	Diprotodontia							
11000040	Phalangerinae	Thomas 1888	SUBFAMILY						Phalangeridae	Diprotodontia	Cat. Marsup. Monotr. Brit. Mus. p.126					Norris (1994), studying the anatomy of the periotic, and Kirsch et al. (1997), on molecular grounds, divided this subfamily into two tribes, Phalangerini and Trichosurini.	
11000041	Phalangerini	Thomas 1888	TRIBE						Phalangeridae	Diprotodontia	Cat. Marsup. Monotr. Brit. Mus. p.126						
11000042	Phalanger	Storr 1780	GENUS					Phalanger	Phalangeridae	Diprotodontia	Prodr. Meth. Mammal. p.38	Didelphis orientalis Pallas, 1766.	Balantia Illiger, 1811; Coescoes Lacépède, 1799; Cuscus Lesson, 1826; Phalangista E. Geoffroy St. Hilaire and G. Cuvier, 1795; Sipalus G. Fischer, 1813.			Does not include Spilocuscus (see Ride, 1970:248). Revised by Tate (1945), Feiler (1978ai>c), and G. G. George (1979).	
11200034	Petrodromus tetradactylus subsp. tordayi	Thomas 1910	SUBSPECIES		tordayi	tetradactylus		Petrodromus	Macroscelididae	Macroscelidea							
11000043	Phalanger alexandrae	Flannery and Boeadi 1995	SPECIES			alexandrae		Phalanger	Phalangeridae	Diprotodontia	Aust. Mammal. vol.18 p.42			Pulau (Isl) Gebe.	IUCN  Data Deficient. Very restricted distribution.	Related to P. ornatus and P. rothschildi.	Gebe Cuscus
11000044	Phalanger carmelitae	Thomas 1898	SPECIES			carmelitae		Phalanger	Phalangeridae	Diprotodontia	Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova vol.19 p.5		coccygis  Thomas, 1922.	Interior New Guinea.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Common.	Formerly included in vestitus (see G. G. George, 1979:94).	Mountain Cuscus
11000045	Phalanger carmelitae subsp. carmelitae	Thomas 1898	SUBSPECIES		carmelitae	carmelitae		Phalanger	Phalangeridae	Diprotodontia	Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova vol.19 p.5						
11000046	Phalanger carmelitae subsp. coccygis	Thomas 1922	SUBSPECIES		coccygis	carmelitae		Phalanger	Phalangeridae	Diprotodontia							
11000047	Phalanger gymnotis	Peters and Doria 1875	SPECIES			gymnotis		Phalanger	Phalangeridae	Diprotodontia	Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova vol.7 p.543		leucippus  Thomas, 1898.	New Guinea; Aru Isls and other small Indonesian islands.	IUCN  Data Deficient. Common.	Distribution poorly known. Included in Strigocuscus by Flannery et al. (1987), but Norris (1994) and Kirsch et al. (1997) found that it is part of the Phalanger clade.	Ground Cuscus
11000048	Phalanger gymnotis subsp. gymnotis	Peters and Doria 1875	SUBSPECIES		gymnotis	gymnotis		Phalanger	Phalangeridae	Diprotodontia	Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova vol.7 p.543						
11000049	Phalanger gymnotis subsp. leucippus	Thomas 1898	SUBSPECIES		leucippus	gymnotis		Phalanger	Phalangeridae	Diprotodontia							
11000060	Phalanger ornatus	Gray 1860	SPECIES			ornatus		Phalanger	Phalangeridae	Diprotodontia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1860 p.374			Halmahera, Bacan, possibly Morotai Isls (Indonesia).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Apparently common.	For status see Groves (1987). Provisionally allotted to Strigocuscus by Flannery et al. (1987) although they did not examine specimens.	Ornate Cuscus
11000061	Phalanger rothschildi	Thomas 1898	SPECIES			rothschildi		Phalanger	Phalangeridae	Diprotodontia	Novit. Zool. vol.5 p.433			Pulau (Isl) Obi, and Bisa.	IUCN  Vulnerable. Common.	Commonly included in Strigocuscus celebensis, but see Groves (1987).	Rothschilds Cuscus
11000050	Phalanger intercastellanus	Thomas 1895	SPECIES			intercastellanus		Phalanger	Phalangeridae	Diprotodontia	Novit. Zool. vol.2 p.165		brevinasus  Thomas, 1895; kiriwinae Thomas, 1896; matsika Tate and Archbold, 1935; meeki Thomas, 1898.	SE Papua New Guinea, east of Markham valley; Sariba, Itoh, Goodenough, Fergusson, Normanby, Kiriwina, Misima, Sudest and Rossel Isl.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt) as Queensland subpopulation, otherwise Lower Risk (lc). CITES  Appendix II as P. orientalis.	Flannery et al. (1987) suggested that what were hitherto regarded as the southern races of P. orientalis may prove to be specifically, even generically distinct, as Strigocuscus mimicus, and Flannery (1994a) definitively separated them but used the earlier name intercastellanus. Norris and Musser (2001) returned this species to Phalanger, and separated P. mimicus from it (see below). The species needs revision; at present no subspecies are recognized.	Eastern Common Cuscus
11000051	Phalanger lullulae	Thomas 1896	SPECIES			lullulae		Phalanger	Phalangeridae	Diprotodontia	Novit. Zool. vol.3 p.528			Woodlark Isl (Papua New Guinea).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Rare.	Formerly included in orientalis (see G. G. George, 1979:97). Reviewed by Norris (1999).	Woodlark Cuscus
11000052	Phalanger matabiru	Flannery and Boeadi 1995	SPECIES			matabiru		Phalanger	Phalangeridae	Diprotodontia	Aust. Mammal. vol.18 p.40			Ternate and Tidore Isls (Indonesia).	Restricted distribution.	Described as a subspecies of P. ornatus by Flannery and Boeadi (1995), but differs absolutely (diagnostically), and so raised to specific rank here.	Blue-eyed Cuscus
11000053	Phalanger matanim	Flannery 1987	SPECIES			matanim		Phalanger	Phalangeridae	Diprotodontia	Rec. Aust. Mus. vol.39 p.183			Telefomin area, W Papua New Guinea.	IUCN  Endangered. Rare.		Telefomin Cuscus
11000054	Phalanger mimicus	Thomas 1922	SPECIES			mimicus		Phalanger	Phalangeridae	Diprotodontia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.9 p.679		microdon  Tate and Archbold, 1935; peninsulae Tate, 1945.	S New Guinea, from Mimika River (Prov. of Papua) east to Mt. Bosavi and Oriomo River; perhaps Aru Isls; Cape York Peninsula (Australia).	CITES  Appendix II as P. orientalis.	Separated from P. intercastellanus by Norris and Musser (2001). It is unclear whether this is the species on the Aru Isls.	Southern Common Cuscus
11000055	Phalanger mimicus subsp. mimicus	Thomas 1922	SUBSPECIES		mimicus	mimicus		Phalanger	Phalangeridae	Diprotodontia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.9 p.679						
11000056	Phalanger mimicus subsp. peninsulae	Tate 1945	SUBSPECIES		peninsulae	mimicus		Phalanger	Phalangeridae	Diprotodontia							
11000073	Spilocuscus papuensis	Desmarest 1822	SPECIES			papuensis		Spilocuscus	Phalangeridae	Diprotodontia	Encycl. Méth. Mamm. Suppl. p.541		quoy (Gaimard, 1824); macrourus (Lesson and Garnot, 1826).	Waigeou.	IUCN  Data Deficient.	Separated as a species by Flannery (1994a).	Waigeou Cuscus
11200035	Petrodromus tetradactylus subsp. warreni	Thomas 1918	SUBSPECIES		warreni	tetradactylus		Petrodromus	Macroscelididae	Macroscelidea							
11000074	Spilocuscus rufoniger	Zimara 1937	SPECIES			rufoniger		Spilocuscus	Phalangeridae	Diprotodontia	Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien vol.74 p.35		atrimaculatus  (Tate, 1945).	N New Guinea, above 1200 m.	IUCN  Endangered.	Includes atrimaculatus (see G. G. George, 1979:98), but also see Feiler (1978a), who placed it in maculatus.	Black-spotted Cuscus
11000075	Trichosurini	Flynn 1911	TRIBE						Phalangeridae	Diprotodontia	Papers and Proceedings Roy. Soc. Tasmania vol.1911 p.120						
11000240	Macropus	Shaw 1790	SUBGENUS				Macropus	Macropus	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Nat. Misc. vol.1 p.pl. 23 (text)	Macropus giganteus Shaw, 1790.					
11000057	Phalanger orientalis	Pallas 1766	SPECIES			orientalis		Phalanger	Phalangeridae	Diprotodontia	Misc. Zool. p.61		alba (E. Geoffroy, 1803); amboinensis (Lacépède, 1799); cavifrons Temminck, 1824; fusca (Oken, 1816) [unavailable]; indica (Müller, 1776); kori Menzies and Pernetta, 1986; minor (Oken, 1816) [unavailable]; molucca (Gmelin, 1789); moluccensis (Oken, 1816) [unavailable]; rufa (E. Geoffroy, 1803); timoriensis Menzies and Pernetta, 1986; vulpecula (Förster, 1913); breviceps Thomas, 1888; albidus Feiler, 1978; ducatoris Thomas, 1922.	Timor, Sanana (Sulu Isls), Buru, Halmahera and Seram Isls (Indonesia) to northern New Guinea, Karkar Isl, Schouten group, Bismarck Arch., Solomon Isls; Sanana (Sula Isls), Buru, and Halmahera.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc); CITES  Appendix II.	Formerly included intercastellanus, interpositus (= vestitus) and lullulae (see G. G. George, 1979). Flannery et al. (1987) first suggested that the southern races may prove to be specifically distinct; Flannery (1990) did not adopt this course, but Flannery (1994a) separated them. Two undescribed species, related to P. orientalis, occur on Mt. Karimui. The species needs revision; Flannery (1995b) provisionally recognized only Solomons/Bismarcks breviceps as a subspecies.	Northern Common Cuscus
11000058	Phalanger orientalis subsp. orientalis	Pallas 1766	SUBSPECIES		orientalis	orientalis		Phalanger	Phalangeridae	Diprotodontia	Misc. Zool. p.61						
11000062	Phalanger sericeus	Thomas 1907	SPECIES			sericeus		Phalanger	Phalangeridae	Diprotodontia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.20 p.74		occidentalis  Menzies and Pernetta, 1986.	C and E New Guinea, higher elevations, above 1500 m.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Common.	Called P. vestitus by most authors, but see Menzies and Pernetta (1986:594).	Silky Cuscus
11000063	Phalanger sericeus subsp. sericeus	Thomas 1907	SUBSPECIES		sericeus	sericeus		Phalanger	Phalangeridae	Diprotodontia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.20 p.74						
11000064	Phalanger sericeus subsp. occidentalis	Menzies and Pernetta 1986	SUBSPECIES		occidentalis	sericeus		Phalanger	Phalangeridae	Diprotodontia							
11000065	Phalanger vestitus	Milne-Edwards 1877	SPECIES			vestitus		Phalanger	Phalangeridae	Diprotodontia	C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris vol.85 p.1080		interpositus  Stein, 1933; permixtio Menzies and Pernetta, 1986.	Interior New Guinea, 1200-1500 m. (in western range, up to 2200 m.).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Formerly known as P. interpositus (see Flannery, 1990).	Steins Cuscus
11000066	Spilocuscus	Gray 1861 "1862"	GENUS					Spilocuscus	Phalangeridae	Diprotodontia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1861 p.316	Phalangista maculata Desmarest, 1818.				Separated from Phalanger by G. G. George (1979), and recognized by subsequent workers, though the separation was not mentioned by McKenna and Bell (1997).	
11000067	Spilocuscus kraemeri	Schwarz 1910	SPECIES			kraemeri		Spilocuscus	Phalangeridae	Diprotodontia	Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin p.406		minor  Cohn, 1914.	Manus and Lou Isls.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Separated as a species by Flannery (1994a), who noted that it is very distinctive, but that it does not occur in archaeological deposits, so may possibly be derived from introductions.	Admiralty Island Cuscus
11000068	Spilocuscus maculatus	E. Geoffroy 1803	SPECIES			maculatus		Spilocuscus	Phalangeridae	Diprotodontia	Cat. Mamm. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris. p.149		variegata (Oken, 1816) [unavailable]; chrysorrhous (Temminck, 1824); goldiei (Ramsay, 1876); nudicaudatus (Gould, 1850); brevicaudatus (Gray, 1858); ochropus (Gray, 1866).	New Guinea and adjacent small islands; Aru and Kei Isls, Seram, Ambon and Selayar Isls (Indonesia); Cape York Peninsula (Queensland, Australia). On New Guinea, found mainly above 1200 m.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc); CITES  Appendix II; but "common" in New Guinea (Flannery, 1990).	Feiler (1978a) included atrimaculatus in this species, but G. G. George (1979:98) placed it in rufoniger. Usually includes papuensis and kraemeri, but these were separated by Flannery (1994a).	Common Spotted Cuscus
11000069	Spilocuscus maculatus subsp. maculatus	E. Geoffroy 1803	SUBSPECIES		maculatus	maculatus		Spilocuscus	Phalangeridae	Diprotodontia	Cat. Mamm. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris. p.149						
11000070	Spilocuscus maculatus subsp. chrysorrhous	Temminck 1824	SUBSPECIES		chrysorrhous	maculatus		Spilocuscus	Phalangeridae	Diprotodontia							
11000076	Strigocuscus	Gray 1861 "1862"	GENUS					Strigocuscus	Phalangeridae	Diprotodontia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1861 p.319	Cuscus celebensis Gray, 1858.				Not distinguished from Phalanger by McKenna and Bell (1997), but when Flannery et al. (1987) resurrected this genus for S. celebensis, and provisionally for S. gymnotis, they gave evidence that it is sister-group to Trichosurus. Norris (1994) retained gymnotis in Phalanger and thus showed that it belongs in Phalangerini.	
11000077	Strigocuscus celebensis	Gray 1858	SPECIES			celebensis		Strigocuscus	Phalangeridae	Diprotodontia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1858 p.105		callenfelsi (Hooijer, 1950); feileri (Groves, 1987); sangirensis Meyer, 1896.	Sulawesi, Peleng Isl, Sanghir Isls. Records from Taliabu and Obi Isl (Indonesia) may be erroneous (T. F. Flannery, pers. comm.).	IUCN  Data Deficient. Common.		Sulawesi Dwarf Cuscus
11000078	Strigocuscus celebensis subsp. celebensis	Gray 1858	SUBSPECIES		celebensis	celebensis		Strigocuscus	Phalangeridae	Diprotodontia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1858 p.105						
11000079	Strigocuscus celebensis subsp. feileri	Groves 1987	SUBSPECIES		feileri	celebensis		Strigocuscus	Phalangeridae	Diprotodontia							
11000080	Strigocuscus celebensis subsp. sangirensis	Meyer 1896	SUBSPECIES		sangirensis	celebensis		Strigocuscus	Phalangeridae	Diprotodontia							
11000081	Strigocuscus pelengensis	Tate 1945	SPECIES			pelengensis		Strigocuscus	Phalangeridae	Diprotodontia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.1283 p.3		mendeni  (Feiler, 1978).	Peleng and Sula Isls (Indonesia).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Unknown.	For status see Groves (1987). Flannery et al. (1987) doubted that pelengensis really belongs to Phalanger, and Flannery (1994a) placed it in Strigocuscus.	Banggai Cuscus
11000082	Strigocuscus pelengensis subsp. pelengensis	Tate 1945	SUBSPECIES		pelengensis	pelengensis		Strigocuscus	Phalangeridae	Diprotodontia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.1283 p.3						
11000084	Trichosurus	Lesson 1828	GENUS					Trichosurus	Phalangeridae	Diprotodontia	In Bory de Saint-Vincent (ed.), Dict. Class. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.13 p.333	Didelphis vulpecula Kerr, 1792.	Cercaertus Burmeister, 1837; Psilogrammurus Gloger, 1841; Tapoa Owen, 1839; Trichurus Wagner, 1843.				
11000085	Trichosurus arnhemensis	Collett 1897	SPECIES			arnhemensis		Trichosurus	Phalangeridae	Diprotodontia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1897 p.328			N Northern Territory, NE Western Australia, Barrow Isl (Australia).	Common.		Northern Brushtail
11000086	Trichosurus caninus	Ogilby 1835 "1836"	SPECIES			caninus		Trichosurus	Phalangeridae	Diprotodontia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1835 p.191		nigrans  Le Souef, 1916.	Australia: C Queensland (near Gladstone) south to C New South Wales, and possibly to the Victorian border (Lindenmayer et al., 2002).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Common.	What were previously thought to be populations of this species in Victoria have been shown to be a separate species, T. cunninghami (Lindemayer et al., 2002). The species and T. cunninghami are together sometimes known as Bobuck; Lindemayer et al. (2002) suggested new vernacular names to distinguish them.	Short-eared Possum
11000087	Trichosurus cunninghami	Lindemayer, Dubach and Viggers 2002	SPECIES			cunninghami		Trichosurus	Phalangeridae	Diprotodontia	Aust. J. Zool. vol.50 p.17			Australia: C to NE Victoria, and possibly into S New South Wales (Lindenmayer et al., 2002).	Common.	Formerly thought to be the southern populations of T. caninus, but distinguished as a new species by Lindenmayer et al. (2002).	Mountain Brushtail Possum
11000088	Trichosurus johnstonii	Ramsay 1888	SPECIES			johnstonii		Trichosurus	Phalangeridae	Diprotodontia	Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., ser. 2 vol.8 p.1297			Australia: rainforests of NE Queensland.	Common.	Separated as a species by Flannery (1994a).	Coppery Brushtail
11000104	Pseudocheirus	Ogilby 1837	GENUS					Pseudocheirus	Pseudocheiridae	Diprotodontia	Mag. Nat. Hist. (Charlesworth) vol.1 p.457	Phalangista cookii Desmarest, 1818 (= Didelphis peregrinus Boddaert, 1785), see Thomas (1888).	Hepoona Gray, 1841; Pseudochirus Ogilby, 1836; Ptenos Gray, 1843.			Pseudochirus Ogilby, 1836. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1836:26 is a nomen nudum, see Palmer (1904). Does not include Pseudochirulus Matschie, 1915, see Flannery (1994a).	
11000260	Macropus irma	Jourdan 1837	SPECIES			irma	Notamacropus	Macropus	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris vol.5 p.523		manicatus Gould, 1841.	SW Western Australia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt). Rare.	Subgenus Notamacropus.	Western Brush Wallaby
11100010	Limnogale	Major 1896	GENUS					Limnogale	Tenrecidae	Afrosoricida	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.18 p.318	Limnogale mergulus Major, 1896.					
11000195	Lagostrophus	Thomas 1886 "1887"	GENUS					Lagostrophus	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1886 p.544	Kangurus fasciatus Peron and Lesueur, 1807.				McKenna and Bell (1997) placed this in Macropodinae, but it was convincingly argued to be a member of subfamily Sthenurinae by Flannery (1983). The other Sthenurinae are giant fossil kangaroos.	
11000089	Trichosurus vulpecula	Kerr 1792	SPECIES			vulpecula		Trichosurus	Phalangeridae	Diprotodontia	In Linnaeus, Anim. Kingdom vol.1 p.198		bougainvillei (J. B. Fischer, 1829); cookii (G. Cuvier, 1824); cuvieri (Waterhouse, 1841); eburacensis Lönnberg, 1916 [status fide Flannery, 1994a]; felina (Wagner, 1842); fuliginosa (Ogilby, 1831); grisea (Gray, 1841); hypoleucus (Wagner, 1855); lemurina (Shaw, 1800); melanura (Wagner, 1842); mesurus Thomas, 1926; novaehollandiae (Bechstein, 1800); raui Finlayson, 1963; ruficollis Schwarz, 1909; selma (Gervais, 1847); tapouaru (F. Meyer, 1793); vulpina (F. Meyer, 1793); xanthopus (Ogilby, 1831).	Australia: E Queensland, E New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, SE and N South Australia, SW Western Australia; introduced to New Zealand (Wodzicki, 1950).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt) as T. v. hypoleuca, otherwise Lower Risk (lc). Common, in many cities, lives commensally.		Common Brushtail
11000090	Wyulda	Alexander 1918	GENUS					Wyulda	Phalangeridae	Diprotodontia	J. R. Soc. West. Aust. vol.(1917-1918), 4 p.31	Wyulda squamicaudata Alexander, 1918.				Provisionally combined with Trichosurus by Flannery et al. (1987). Norris (1994) confirmed, on examination of the type of W. squamicaudata, that the two genera are closely related.	
11000091	Wyulda squamicaudata	Alexander 1918	SPECIES			squamicaudata		Wyulda	Phalangeridae	Diprotodontia	J. R. Soc. West. Aust. vol.(1917-1918), 4 p.31			NE Western Australia, Kimberleys.	U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Provisionally placed in Trichosurus by Flannery et al. (1987).	Scaly-tailed Possum
11000092	Petauroidea	Bonaparte 1838	SUPERFAMILY							Diprotodontia	Nuovi Ann. Sci. Nat. vol.2 1 p.112						
11000093	Pseudocheiridae	Winge 1893	FAMILY						Pseudocheiridae	Diprotodontia	Med. Udsigt over Pungdyrenes Slaegtskab. E. Mus. Lundii vol.11 2 p.89					Separated from Petauridae by Archer (1984); not recognized as a family by McKenna and Bell (1997), though retained by molecular workers (Kirsch et al., 1997), but Osborne and Christidis (2001) again questioned the separation. McKenna and Bell (1997) retained an old scheme whereby Hemibelideus, Pseudochirops, Pseudochirulus and Petropseudes are included in Pseudocheirus, and recognized only one other genus (Schoinobates [sic], which correctly should be Petauroides); but Kirsch et al. (1997) showed that this does not reflect the true pattern of relationships, and is greatly over-lumped.	
11000094	Hemibelideinae	Kirsch, Lapointe and Springer 1997	SUBFAMILY						Pseudocheiridae	Diprotodontia	Aust. J. Zool. vol.45 p.245						
11000095	Hemibelideus	Collett 1884	GENUS					Hemibelideus	Pseudocheiridae	Diprotodontia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1884 p.385	Phalangista (Hemibelideus) lemuroides Collett, 1884.				Formerly included in Pseudocheirus, and retained in that genus by McKenna and Bell (1997), but it was shown by Kirsch et al. (1997) that the two are very distinct, and Hemibelideus is sister-group to Petauroides.	
11000096	Hemibelideus lemuroides	Collett 1884	SPECIES			lemuroides		Hemibelideus	Pseudocheiridae	Diprotodontia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1884 p.385		cervinus  (Longman, 1915).	NE Queensland (Australia).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt). Localized but not endangered where it occurs.		Lemur-like Ringtail
11000097	Petauroides	Thomas 1888	GENUS					Petauroides	Pseudocheiridae	Diprotodontia	Cat. Marsup. Monotr. Brit. Mus. p.163	Didelphis volans Kerr, 1792.	Petaurista Desmarest, 1820; Schoinobates Iredale and Troughton, 1934; Volucella Bechstein, 1800.			Formerly known as Schoinobates Lesson, 1842. This name was used by Lesson only for Petaurista leucogenys Temminck, 1823, a giant flying squirrel (McKay, 1982); its use for this genus dates only from Iredale and Troughton (1934), though McKenna and Bell (1997) continue to use Schoinobates for it without citing McKays (1982) paper. The names Volucella and Petaurista were both preoccupied.	
11000098	Petauroides volans	Kerr 1792	SPECIES			volans		Petauroides	Pseudocheiridae	Diprotodontia	In Linnaeus, Anim. Kingdom vol.1 p.199		didelphoides (G. Cuvier, 1825); incanus Thomas, 1923; macroura (Shaw, 1794); maximus (Partington, 1837); peronii (Desmarest, 1818); taguanoides (Desmarest, 1818); voluccella (F. Meyer, 1793); minor (Collett, 1887); cinereus Ramsay, 1890; armillatus Thomas, 1923.	E Australia, from Dandenong Ranges (Victoria) to Rockhampton (Queensland).	Lower Risk (lc). Common.		Greater Glider
11000099	Petauroides volans subsp. volans	Kerr 1792	SUBSPECIES		volans	volans		Petauroides	Pseudocheiridae	Diprotodontia	In Linnaeus, Anim. Kingdom vol.1 p.199						
11000100	Petauroides volans subsp. minor	Collett 1887	SUBSPECIES		minor	volans		Petauroides	Pseudocheiridae	Diprotodontia							
11000101	Pseudocheirinae	Winge 1893	SUBFAMILY						Pseudocheiridae	Diprotodontia	Med. Udsigt over Pungdyrenes Slaegtskab. E. Mus. Lundii vol.11 2 p.89						
11000102	Petropseudes	Thomas 1923	GENUS					Petropseudes	Pseudocheiridae	Diprotodontia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.11 p.250	Pseudochirus dahli Collett, 1895.				Separated from Pseudocheirus by McKay (1988:94).	
11000103	Petropseudes dahli	Collett 1895	SPECIES			dahli		Petropseudes	Pseudocheiridae	Diprotodontia	Zool. Anz. vol.18 490 p.464			N Northern Territory, NW Western Australia.	Lower Risk (lc). Localized.		Rock-haunting ringtail
11200033	Petrodromus tetradactylus subsp. swynnertoni	Thomas 1918	SUBSPECIES		swynnertoni	tetradactylus		Petrodromus	Macroscelididae	Macroscelidea							
11000105	Pseudocheirus peregrinus	Boddaert 1785	SPECIES			peregrinus		Pseudocheirus	Pseudocheiridae	Diprotodontia	Elench. Anim. p.78		banksii (Gray, 1838); caudivolvula (Kerr, 1792); cookii (Desmarest, 1818); incanens (Thomas, 1923); laniginosa (Gould, 1858); modestus (Thomas, 1926); notialis (Thomas, 1923); novaehollanidiae (Bechstein, 1800); oralis (Thomas, 1926); victoriae (Matschie, 1915); occidentalis (Thomas, 1888); pulcher (Matschie, 1915); rubidus (Troughton and Le Souef, 1929); convolutor Schinz, 1821; bassianus (Le Souef, 1929); incana (Schinz, 1844); viverrina Ogilby, 1838.	Australia: Cape York Peninsula (Queensland) to SE South Australia and SW Western Australia, Tasmania, islands of the Bass Straits.	IUCN  Vulnerable as P. occidentalis, Lower Risk (lc) as P. peregrinus. Common.	Probably a species complex rather than a single species (see Flannery, 1994a).	Common Ringtail
11000106	Pseudocheirus peregrinus subsp. peregrinus	Boddaert 1785	SUBSPECIES		peregrinus	peregrinus		Pseudocheirus	Pseudocheiridae	Diprotodontia	Elench. Anim. p.78						
11000107	Pseudocheirus peregrinus subsp. occidentalis	Thomas 1888	SUBSPECIES		occidentalis	peregrinus		Pseudocheirus	Pseudocheiridae	Diprotodontia							
11000108	Pseudocheirus peregrinus subsp. pulcher	Matschie 1915	SUBSPECIES		pulcher	peregrinus		Pseudocheirus	Pseudocheiridae	Diprotodontia							
11000109	Pseudocheirus peregrinus subsp. convolutor	Schinz 1821	SUBSPECIES		convolutor	peregrinus		Pseudocheirus	Pseudocheiridae	Diprotodontia							
11000110	Pseudochirulus	Matschie 1915	GENUS					Pseudochirulus	Pseudocheiridae	Diprotodontia	Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin p.91	Phalangista (Pseudocheirus) canescens Waterhouse, 1845.				Separated from Pseudocheirus by Flannery (1994a).	
11000111	Pseudochirulus canescens	Waterhouse 1846	SPECIES			canescens		Pseudochirulus	Pseudocheiridae	Diprotodontia	Nat. Hist. Mamm. vol.1 p.306		grisescenti (Peters, 1874); avarus Thomas, 1906); bernsteini (Schlegel, 1866); dammermani (Thomas, 1922); gyrator (Thomas, 1904).	New Guinea and Salawati Isl, below 1300 m; Yapen Isl.	IUCN  Data Deficient. Uncommon.		Lowland Ringtail
11000112	Pseudochirulus canescens subsp. canescens	Waterhouse 1846	SUBSPECIES		canescens	canescens		Pseudochirulus	Pseudocheiridae	Diprotodontia	Nat. Hist. Mamm. vol.1 p.306						
11000113	Pseudochirulus canescens subsp. avarus	Thomas 1906	SUBSPECIES		avarus	canescens		Pseudochirulus	Pseudocheiridae	Diprotodontia							
11000114	Pseudochirulus canescens subsp. bernsteini	Schlegel 1866	SUBSPECIES		bernsteini	canescens		Pseudochirulus	Pseudocheiridae	Diprotodontia							
11000115	Pseudochirulus canescens subsp. dammermani	Thomas 1922	SUBSPECIES		dammermani	canescens		Pseudochirulus	Pseudocheiridae	Diprotodontia							
11000116	Pseudochirulus canescens subsp. gyrator	Thomas 1904	SUBSPECIES		gyrator	canescens		Pseudochirulus	Pseudocheiridae	Diprotodontia							
11000117	Pseudochirulus caroli	Thomas 1921	SPECIES			caroli		Pseudochirulus	Pseudocheiridae	Diprotodontia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.8 p.357		versteegi  (Thomas, 1922).	WC New Guinea.	IUCN  Data Deficient. Rare.		Weyland Ringtail
11000118	Pseudochirulus caroli subsp. caroli	Thomas 1921	SUBSPECIES		caroli	caroli		Pseudochirulus	Pseudocheiridae	Diprotodontia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.8 p.357						
11000119	Pseudochirulus caroli subsp. versteegi	Thomas 1922	SUBSPECIES		versteegi	caroli		Pseudochirulus	Pseudocheiridae	Diprotodontia							
11000120	Pseudochirulus cinereus	Tate 1945	SPECIES			cinereus		Pseudochirulus	Pseudocheiridae	Diprotodontia	Amer. Mus. Novit. vol.1287 p.17			North Queensland, tablelands from Mt. Carbine north to Thornton Peak.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt). Localized but not uncommon.	Separated from P. herbertensis, and perhaps not even a sister species, by Kirsch et al. (1997).	Cinereous Ringtail
11000121	Pseudochirulus forbesi	Thomas 1887	SPECIES			forbesi		Pseudochirulus	Pseudocheiridae	Diprotodontia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5 vol.19 p.146		longipilis (Tate and Archbold, 1935).	SE New Guinea.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Common.	Does not include larvatus (see below).	Painted Ringtail
11000122	Pseudochirulus herbertensis	Collett 1884	SPECIES			herbertensis		Pseudochirulus	Pseudocheiridae	Diprotodontia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1884 p.383		colletti  (Waite, 1899); mongan (De Vis, 1887).	NE Queensland (Australia), Ingham north to Atherton Tablelands.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt). Localized but not uncommon.		Herbert River Ringtail
11000142	Dactylopsila palpator	Milne-Edwards 1888	SPECIES			palpator		Dactylopsila	Petauridae	Diprotodontia	Mem. Cent. Soc. Philom. Paris p.174		ernstmayri (Stein, 1932).	Interior New Guinea.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Common.	Formerly included in Dactylonax (see Haltenorth, 1958).	Long-fingered Triok
11000123	Pseudochirulus larvatus	Förster and Rothschild 1911	SPECIES			larvatus		Pseudochirulus	Pseudocheiridae	Diprotodontia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.7 p.337		barbatus Matschie, 1915; capistratus Matschie, 1915.	NE New Guinea (Huon Peninsula and eastern part of Central Cordillera).	Common.	Diagnostically distinct from SE forbesi, and separated by a sharp boundary between Wau and the Kratke Mtns (Flannery, 1994a; Musser and Sommer, 1992), which strongly suggests that larvatus is specifically distinct.	Masked Ringtail
11000124	Pseudochirulus mayeri	Rothschild and Dollman 1932	SPECIES			mayeri		Pseudochirulus	Pseudocheiridae	Diprotodontia	Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1932 353 p.15		pygmaeus  Stein, 1932	C interior New Guinea.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Common.	See Laurie and Hill (1954: 21).	Pygmy Ringtail
11000125	Pseudochirulus schlegeli	Jentink 1884	SPECIES			schlegeli		Pseudochirulus	Pseudocheiridae	Diprotodontia	Notes Leyden Mus. vol.6 p.110		lewisi  (Dollman, 1930).	Extreme NW New Guinea.	IUCN  Data Deficient. Rare.	The putative taxon P. forbesi lewisi is actually a colour variant of this species (Flannery, 1995a).	Vogelkop Ringtail
11000126	Pseudochiropsinae	Kirsch, Lapointe and Springer 1997	SUBFAMILY						Pseudocheiridae	Diprotodontia	Aust. J. Zool. vol.45 p.245						
11000127	Pseudochirops	Matschie 1915	GENUS					Pseudochirops	Pseudocheiridae	Diprotodontia	Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin vol.4 p.86	Phalangista (Pseudochirus) albertisii Peters, 1874.				Separated from Pseudocheirus by McKay (1988). According to Kirsch et al. (1997), it is at least as distinct cladistically as are Petauroides and Hemibelideus.	
11000128	Pseudochirops albertisii	Peters 1874	SPECIES			albertisii		Pseudochirops	Pseudocheiridae	Diprotodontia	Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova vol.6 p.303		insularis Stein, 1933; schultzei Matschie, 1915	N and W New Guinea, including Yapen Isl (Indonesia).	IUCN  Vulnerable. Uncommon.		DAlbertis Ringtail
11000149	Gymnobelideus	McCoy 1867	GENUS					Gymnobelideus	Petauridae	Diprotodontia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3 vol.20 p.287	Gymnobelideus leadbeateri McCoy, 1867.					
11000129	Pseudochirops albertisii subsp. albertisii	Peters 1874	SUBSPECIES		albertisii	albertisii		Pseudochirops	Pseudocheiridae	Diprotodontia	Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova vol.6 p.303						
11000130	Pseudochirops albertisii subsp. insularis	Stein 1933	SUBSPECIES		insularis	albertisii		Pseudochirops	Pseudocheiridae	Diprotodontia							
11000131	Pseudochirops albertisii subsp. schultzei	Matschie 1915	SUBSPECIES		schultzei	albertisii		Pseudochirops	Pseudocheiridae	Diprotodontia							
11000132	Pseudochirops archeri	Collett 1884	SPECIES			archeri		Pseudochirops	Pseudocheiridae	Diprotodontia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1884 p.381			NE Queensland (Australia).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt). Locally common, but restricted.		Green Ringtail
11000133	Pseudochirops corinnae	Thomas 1897	SPECIES			corinnae		Pseudochirops	Pseudocheiridae	Diprotodontia	Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova vol.18 p.142		buergersi Matchie, 1915; caecias (Thomas, 1922); argenteus (Förster, 1913); fuscus (Laurie, 1952).	Interior New Guinea.	IUCN  Vulnerable. Common.		Plush-coated Ringtail
11000134	Pseudochirops corinnae subsp. corinnae	Thomas 1897	SUBSPECIES		corinnae	corinnae		Pseudochirops	Pseudocheiridae	Diprotodontia	Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova vol.18 p.142						
11000135	Pseudochirops corinnae subsp. argenteus	Förster 1913	SUBSPECIES		argenteus	corinnae		Pseudochirops	Pseudocheiridae	Diprotodontia							
11000136	Pseudochirops corinnae subsp. fuscus	Laurie 1952	SUBSPECIES		fuscus	corinnae		Pseudochirops	Pseudocheiridae	Diprotodontia							
11000137	Pseudochirops coronatus	Thomas 1897	SPECIES			coronatus		Pseudochirops	Pseudocheiridae	Diprotodontia	Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova vol.18 p.144		paradoxus (Dollman, 1930)	Arfak Mtns (Prov. of Papua = Irian Jaya, Indonesia), above 1000 m.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Unknown.	Separated from P. albertisii, with which it is sympatric, by Flannery (1994a).	Reclusive Ringtail
11000138	Pseudochirops cupreus	Thomas 1897	SPECIES			cupreus		Pseudochirops	Pseudocheiridae	Diprotodontia	Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova vol.18 p.145		beauforti  (Thomas, 1922); obscurior Tate and Archbold, 1935.	Interior New Guinea.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Common.		Coppery Ringtail
11000139	Petauridae	Bonaparte 1838	FAMILY						Petauridae	Diprotodontia	Nuovi Ann. Sci. Nat. vol.2 1 p.112					May not be monophyletic (Osborne and Christidis, 2001).	
11000140	Dactylopsila	Gray 1858	GENUS					Dactylopsila	Petauridae	Diprotodontia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1858 p.109	Dactylopsila trivirgata Gray, 1858.	Dactylonax  Thomas, 1910.			See Haltenorth (1958:28).	
11000161	Petaurus breviceps subsp. papuanus	Thomas 1888	SUBSPECIES		papuanus	breviceps		Petaurus	Petauridae	Diprotodontia							
11400029	Heterohyrax brucei subsp. muenzneri	Brauer 1913	SUBSPECIES		muenzneri	brucei		Heterohyrax	Procaviidae	Hyracoidea							
11000172	MACROPODIFORMES	Ameghino 1889	SUBORDER							Diprotodontia							
11000141	Dactylopsila megalura	Rothschild and Dollman 1932	SPECIES			megalura		Dactylopsila	Petauridae	Diprotodontia	Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1932 353 p.14			Interior New Guinea.	IUCN  Vulnerable. Rare.	Considered a subspecies of trivirgata by Ziegler (in Stonehouse and Gilmore, 1977:131).	Great-tailed Triok
11000143	Dactylopsila tatei	Laurie 1952	SPECIES			tatei		Dactylopsila	Petauridae	Diprotodontia	Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Zool. vol.1 p.278			Fergusson Isl; Papua New Guinea.	IUCN  Endangered. Rare.	Considered a subspecies of trivirgata by Ziegler (in Stonehouse and Gilmore, 1977:131); considered a distinct species by G. G. George (1979:94).	Tates Triok
11000144	Dactylopsila trivirgata	Gray 1858	SPECIES			trivirgata		Dactylopsila	Petauridae	Diprotodontia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1858 p.111		albertisii  Peters and Doria, 1875; angustivittis (Peters and Doria, 1880); arfakensis Matschie, 1916; hindenburgi Ramme, 1914; occidentalis Matschie, 1916; kataui Matschie, 1916; melampus Thomas, 1908; biedermanni Matschie, 1916; picata Thomas, 1908; infumata Tate, 1945.	New Guinea, Yapen and Waigeo; Aru Isls; NE Queensland (Australia).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Common.		Striped Possum
11000145	Dactylopsila trivirgata subsp. trivirgata	Gray 1858	SUBSPECIES		trivirgata	trivirgata		Dactylopsila	Petauridae	Diprotodontia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1858 p.111						
11000146	Dactylopsila trivirgata subsp. kataui	Matschie 1916	SUBSPECIES		kataui	trivirgata		Dactylopsila	Petauridae	Diprotodontia							
11000147	Dactylopsila trivirgata subsp. melampus	Thomas 1908	SUBSPECIES		melampus	trivirgata		Dactylopsila	Petauridae	Diprotodontia							
11000148	Dactylopsila trivirgata subsp. picata	Thomas 1908	SUBSPECIES		picata	trivirgata		Dactylopsila	Petauridae	Diprotodontia							
11000150	Gymnobelideus leadbeateri	McCoy 1867	SPECIES			leadbeateri		Gymnobelideus	Petauridae	Diprotodontia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3 vol.20 p.287			NE Victoria (Australia).	U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Endangered.		Leadebeaters Possum
11000151	Petaurus	Shaw 1791	GENUS					Petaurus	Petauridae	Diprotodontia	Nat. Misc. vol.2 p.pl. 60	Petaurus australis Shaw, 1791.	Belideus  Waterhouse, 1839; Petaurella Matschie, 1916; Petaurula Matschie, 1916; Ptilotus G. Fischer, 1814; Xenochirus Gloger, 1841.				
11000152	Petaurus abidi	Ziegler 1981	SPECIES			abidi		Petaurus	Petauridae	Diprotodontia	Austr. Mamm. vol.4 p.81			NC New Guinea.	IUCN  Vulnerable. Rare.		Northern Glider
11000153	Petaurus australis	Shaw 1791	SPECIES			australis		Petaurus	Petauridae	Diprotodontia	Nat. Misc. vol.2 p.pl. 6		cunninghami  Gray, 1843; flaviventer Desmarest, 1818; petaurus (Shaw, 1800); reginae Thomas, 1923.	Coastal Queensland, New South Wales, and Victoria (Australia).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt) as P. a. australis and as P. australis. Common locally.		Yellow-bellied Glider
11000154	Petaurus australis subsp. australis	Shaw 1791	SUBSPECIES		australis	australis		Petaurus	Petauridae	Diprotodontia	Nat. Misc. vol.2 p.pl. 6						
11000155	Petaurus australis subsp. reginae	Thomas 1923	SUBSPECIES		reginae	australis		Petaurus	Petauridae	Diprotodontia							
11000156	Petaurus biacensis	Ulmer 1940	SPECIES			biacensis		Petaurus	Petauridae	Diprotodontia	Notul. Nat. Philad. vol.52 p.1		kohlsi  Troughton, 1945.	Biak, Supiori and Owi Isls.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Unknown.	Regarded as a species by Flannery (1994a).	Biak Glider
11000157	Petaurus breviceps	Waterhouse 1838 "1839"	SPECIES			breviceps		Petaurus	Petauridae	Diprotodontia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1838 p.152		notatus Peters, 1859; ariel (Gould, 1842); arul (Gervais, 1869); longicaudatus Longman, 1924; papuanus Thomas, 1888; flavidus Tate and Archbold, 1935; tafa Tate and Archbold, 1935.	SE South Australia to Cape York Peninsula (Queensland), Tasmania (introduction), N Northern Territory, NE Western Australia; New Guinea and adjacent small islands, including Bismarck Arch.; Aru Isls and N Moluccas (Indonesia).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Common.	See Smith (1973, Mammalian Species, 30). McAllan and Bruce (1989) argued that the original publication of this name was in The Athenaeum, 580:880 [8 Dec 1838]. An undescribed form from Tifalmin, west of the Sepik, is very distinct (Colgan and Flannery, 1992). Gliders from Goodenough, Fergusson and Normanby Isls (DEntrecasteaux group), Papua New Guinea, usually identified as belonging to this species, are very distinct morphologically, if not electrophoretically (Flannery, 1994a).	Sugar Glider
11000158	Petaurus breviceps subsp. breviceps	Waterhouse 1838 "1839"	SUBSPECIES		breviceps	breviceps		Petaurus	Petauridae	Diprotodontia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1838 p.152						
11000159	Petaurus breviceps subsp. ariel	Gould 1842	SUBSPECIES		ariel	breviceps		Petaurus	Petauridae	Diprotodontia							
11000160	Petaurus breviceps subsp. longicaudatus	Longman 1924	SUBSPECIES		longicaudatus	breviceps		Petaurus	Petauridae	Diprotodontia							
11000162	Petaurus gracilis	de Vis 1883	SPECIES			gracilis		Petaurus	Petauridae	Diprotodontia	Abstr. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. vol.20 Dec. 1882 p.ii			From Wharps Holding (18°4118"S, 146°0425"E) to Hall River (17°5829"S, 146°0202"E), NE Queensland.	IUCN  Endangered.	History of description given by Van Dyck (1990). Species resurrected from synonymy with P. norfolcensis by Van Dyck (1991). Full description given by Van Dyck (1993), who also gave results of field surveys to determine its distribution.	Ebony Glider
11000163	Petaurus norfolcensis	Kerr 1792	SPECIES			norfolcensis		Petaurus	Petauridae	Diprotodontia	In Linnaeus, Anim. Kingdom vol.1 p.270		sciurea  (Shaw, 1794).	Australia: E Queensland, E New South Wales, E Victoria.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt). Common.		Squirrel Glider
11000164	Tarsipedidae	Gervais and Verreaux 1842	FAMILY						Tarsipedidae	Diprotodontia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1842 p.1						
11000165	Tarsipes	Gervais and Verreaux 1842	GENUS					Tarsipes	Tarsipedidae	Diprotodontia	L'Institut, l'ere Section, Sci., Math, Phys., Nat. vol.427 p.75	Tarsipes rostratus Gervais and Verreaux, 1842.				For correct authorship see Mahoney (1981).	
11000166	Tarsipes rostratus	Gervais and Verreaux 1842	SPECIES			rostratus		Tarsipes	Tarsipedidae	Diprotodontia	L'Institut, l'ere Section, Sci., Math, Phys., Nat. vol.427 p.75		spencerae Ride, 1970; spenserae Gray, 1842.	SW Western Australia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Rare.	The name T. spenserae is considered a misspelling because it was presented as a patronym for Spencer (Gray, 1842:40). Ride (1970) emended the name to spencerae; see Mahoney (1981) for details. Mahoney (1981) presented evidence that Tarsipes rostratus Gervais and Verreaux, 1842 predates T. spenserae Gray, 1842.	Honey possum
11000167	Acrobatidae	Aplin 1987	FAMILY						Acrobatidae	Diprotodontia	In M. Archer (ed.), Possums and Opossums p.xxii					Separated from Burramyidae by Aplin (in Aplin and Archer, 1987).	
11000168	Acrobates	Desmarest 1818	GENUS					Acrobates	Acrobatidae	Diprotodontia	Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., Nouv. ed. vol.25 p.405	Didelphis pygmaea Shaw, 1793.				AscobatesAnon., 1839; Cercoptenus Gloger, 1841.	
11000169	Acrobates pygmaeus	Shaw 1793	SPECIES			pygmaeus		Acrobates	Acrobatidae	Diprotodontia	Zool. New Holland vol.1 p.5		frontalis  De Vis, 1887; pulchellus W. Rothschild, 1892.	Australia: E Queensland to SE South Australia, inland to Deniliquin (New South Wales).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Common.	Tate (1938:60) believed the single specimen (of A. pulchellus; which is considered a synonym of pygmaeus) obtained in NW New Guinea was probably an introduction as a pet.	Feather-tailed Glider
11000170	Distoechurus	Peters 1874	GENUS					Distoechurus	Acrobatidae	Diprotodontia	Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova vol.6 p.303	Phalangista (Distoechurus) pennata Peters, 1874.					
11000171	Distoechurus pennatus	Peters 1874	SPECIES			pennatus		Distoechurus	Acrobatidae	Diprotodontia	Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova vol.6 p.303		amoenus Thomas, 1920; dryas Thomas, 1920; neuhassi Matschie, 1916.	New Guinea.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Abundant.		Feather-tailed Possum
11000173	Hypsiprymnodontidae	Collett 1877	FAMILY						Hypsiprymnodontidae	Diprotodontia	Zool. Jb. vol.2 p.906					Retained in Potoroinae [sic] by McKenna and Bell (1997); considered a family distinct from Potoroidae by Burk et al. (1998) and Burk and Springer (2000), on the ground that it diverged from Potoroidae and Macropodidae long before they diverged from each other.	
11000174	Hypsiprymnodon	Ramsay 1876	GENUS					Hypsiprymnodon	Hypsiprymnodontidae	Diprotodontia	Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. vol.1 p.33	Hypsiprymnodon moschatus Ramsay, 1876.	Pleopus  Owen, 1877.			Formerly included in Macropodidae.	
11000175	Hypsiprymnodon moschatus	Ramsay 1876	SPECIES			moschatus		Hypsiprymnodon	Hypsiprymnodontidae	Diprotodontia	Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. vol.1 p.34		nudicaudatus  (Owen, 1877).	NE Queensland (Australia).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Rare, localized.		Musky Rat-kangaroo
11000176	Potoroidae	Gray 1821	FAMILY						Potoroidae	Diprotodontia	London Med. Repos. vol.15 p.308					Separated from Macropodidae by Archer and Bartholamai (1978), but Burk et al. (1998) proposed to reunite them on the basis that they form a clade relative to Hypsiprymnodon. Burk and Springer (2000) found that Potorous is strongly distinct from the other genera and separated from them little, if at all, later than the divergence of the Macropodidae; consequently, they considered the monophyly of the Potoroidae in doubt.	
11000177	Aepyprymnus	Garrod 1875	GENUS					Aepyprymnus	Potoroidae	Diprotodontia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1875 p.59	Bettongia rufescens Gray, 1837.					
11000178	Aepyprymnus rufescens	Gray 1837	SPECIES			rufescens		Aepyprymnus	Potoroidae	Diprotodontia	Mag. Nat. Hist. [Charlesworth's] vol.1 p.584		melanotis  (Ogilby, 1838).	Australia: NE Victoria, E New South Wales, E Queensland.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Rare, localized.		Rufous Rat-kangaroo
11000179	Bettongia	Gray 1837	GENUS					Bettongia	Potoroidae	Diprotodontia	Mag. Nat. Hist. [Charlesworth's] vol.1 p.584	Bettongia setosa Gray, 1837 (= Kangurus gaimardi Desmarest, 1822).	Bettongiops  Matschie, 1916.			Formerly included in Macropodidae.	
11000225	Dorcopsis luctuosa subsp. phyllis	Groves and Flannery 1989	SUBSPECIES		phyllis	luctuosa		Dorcopsis	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia							
11400030	Heterohyrax brucei subsp. princeps	Thomas 1910	SUBSPECIES		princeps	brucei		Heterohyrax	Procaviidae	Hyracoidea							
11000180	Bettongia gaimardi	Desmarest 1822	SPECIES			gaimardi		Bettongia	Potoroidae	Diprotodontia	Mammalogie. In Encycl. Méth. vol.2(Suppl.) p.542		cuniculus (Ogilby, 1838); formosus (Ogilby, 1838); hunteri (Owen, 1841); lepturus (Quoy and Gaimard, 1824); minimus (Boitard, 1841); phillippi (Ogilby, 1838); setosa Gray, 1837; white (Quoy and Gaimard, 1824); whitei Gray, 1841.	Formerly coastal SE Queensland and N New South Wales, south to SW Victoria; now extinct on mainland Australia; survives in Tasmania.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Extinct as B. g. gaimardi, otherwise Lower Risk (nt).	See Corbet and Hill (1980:16).	Eastern Bettong
11000181	Bettongia lesueur	Quoy and Gaimard 1824	SPECIES			lesueur		Bettongia	Potoroidae	Diprotodontia	In de Freycinet, Voy. autour du monde...Uranie et al Physicienne, Zool. p.64		anhydra  Finlayson, 1957; graii (Gould, 1841); harveyi (Waterhouse, 1842).	Formerly in Dampier Land (Western Australia), South Australia, Dirk Hartog Isl, Barrow Isl, Bernier and Dorre Isls, Northern Territory, and SW New South Wales (Australia); now extinct except on W Australian Isls.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Extinct as B. l. graii, otherwise Vulnerable. Rare.	Commonly misspelt "lesueuri", but the original spelling is lesueur, with no indication that it is an error.	Boodie
11000182	Bettongia penicillata	Gray 1837	SPECIES			penicillata		Bettongia	Potoroidae	Diprotodontia	Mag. Nat. Hist. [Charlesworth's] vol.1 p.584		ogilbyi (Waterhouse, 1841); francisca Finlayson, 1957; gouldii Waterhouse, 1845.	SW Western Australia, S South Australia including St. Francis Isl, NW Victoria, C New South Wales.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Extinct as B. p. penicillata, otherwise Lower Risk (conservation dependent).	Does not include tropica, contra Sharman et al. (1980).	Woylie
11000201	Dendrolagus bennettianus	De Vis 1886 "1887"	SPECIES			bennettianus		Dendrolagus	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Proc. R. Soc. Queensl. vol.3(1886) p.11			NE Queensland (Australia): north of Daintree River as far as Mt. Amos.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Considered a subspecies of dorianus by Haltenorth (1958); but see Ride (1970:223) and Kirsch and Calaby (1977:17); occupies an isolated position in the genus (Groves, 1982; Flannery et al., 1995b).	Bennetts Tree-kangaroo
11000183	Bettongia tropica	Wakefield 1967	SPECIES			tropica		Bettongia	Potoroidae	Diprotodontia	Victorian Nat. vol.84 p.15			E Queensland: Windsor and Carbine Tablelands, Lamb Range, and Paluma.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA and IUCN  Endangered.	Sharman et al. (1980) believed that tropica is not a distinct species but rather that it barely differs from B. penicillata. However, it differs in several reproductive parameters (Smith, 1998), and is now always treated as a distinct species.&nbsp;Its distribution, habitat parameters and phylogeography are given by Pope et al. (2000).	Northern Bettong
11000184	Caloprymnus	Thomas 1888	GENUS					Caloprymnus	Potoroidae	Diprotodontia	Cat. Marsup. Monotr. Brit. Mus. p.114	Bettongia campestris Gould, 1843.					
11000185	Caloprymnus campestris	Gould 1843	SPECIES			campestris		Caloprymnus	Potoroidae	Diprotodontia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1843 p.81			South Australia/Queensland border country.	CITES  Appendix I pe [Possibly Extinct]; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Extinct, see Ride (1970:198); not recorded or sighted since 1935.		Desert Rat-kangaroo
11000186	Potorous	Desmarest 1804	GENUS					Potorous	Potoroidae	Diprotodontia	Tabl. Méth Hist. Nat., in Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat. vol.24 p.20	Didelphis murina Cuvier, 1798 (= Didelphis tridactyla Kerr, 1792).	Hypsiprymnus Illiger, 1811; Patoroo Partington, 1839; Potoroiis Rafinseque, 1815; Potoroo Berthold, 1827; Potoroops Matschie, 1916.			Formerly included in Macropodidae.	
11000187	Potorous gilbertii	Gould 1841	SPECIES			gilbertii		Potorous	Potoroidae	Diprotodontia	Monograph of Macropodidae vol.1 p.[unnumbered plate]			Southern tip of Western Australia.	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Considered a species separate from P. tridactylus by Sinclair and Westerman (1997).	Gilberts Potoroo
11000188	Potorous longipes	Seebeck and Johnston 1980	SPECIES			longipes		Potorous	Potoroidae	Diprotodontia	Aust. J. Zool. vol.28 p.121			NE Victoria (Australia).	IUCN  Endangered.	Known from very few specimens; first collected in 1968.	Long-footed Potoroo
11000189	Potorous platyops	Gould 1844	SPECIES			platyops		Potorous	Potoroidae	Diprotodontia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1844 p.103		morgani  Finlayson, 1938.	Formerly SW Western Australia and Kangaroo Isl, South Australia.	IUCN  Extinct.	Probably extinct (Ride, 1970:199); there are no records after 1875.	Broad-faced Potoroo
11000190	Potorous tridactylus	Kerr 1792	SPECIES			tridactylus		Potorous	Potoroidae	Diprotodontia	In Linnaeus, Anim. Kingdom vol.1 p.198		micropus (Waterhouse, 1841); minor (Shaw, 1800); murina (G. Cuvier, 1798); muscola (Perry, 1810); myosurus (Ogilby, 1838); peron (Quoy and Gaimard, 1824); potoru (F. Meyer, 1793); setosus (Ogilby, 1832); trisulcatus (McCoy, 1865); tuckeri (Gray, 1840); apicalis (Gould, 1851); benormi Courtney, 1963; rufus Higgins and Petterd, 1884.	SE Queensland, coastal New South Wales, NE Victoria, SE South Australia, SW Western Australia, Tasmania, and King Isl (Australia).	IUCN  Vulnerable as P. t. tridactylus, otherwise Lower Risk (lc). Endangered on mainland Australia, common in Tasmania.	See Kirsch and Calaby (1977:21).	Long-nosed Potoroo
11000191	Potorous tridactylus subsp. tridactylus	Kerr 1792	SUBSPECIES		tridactylus	tridactylus		Potorous	Potoroidae	Diprotodontia	In Linnaeus, Anim. Kingdom vol.1 p.198						
11000192	Potorous tridactylus subsp. apicalis	Gould 1851	SUBSPECIES		apicalis	tridactylus		Potorous	Potoroidae	Diprotodontia							
11000194	Sthenurinae	Glauert 1926	SUBFAMILY						Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Geol. Survey W. A. Bull. vol.88 p.36-71						
11000196	Lagostrophus fasciatus	Peron and Lesueur 1807	SPECIES			fasciatus		Lagostrophus	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	In Péron, Voy. Decouv. Terres. Austral., Atlas vol.1 p.pl. 27, p. 114		albipilis (Gould, 1842); elegans (G. Cuvier, 1816); striatus (Lesson, 1842); baudinettei Helgen and Flannery, 2003.	Survives only on Bernier and Dorre Isls (Western Australia); formerly in SW Western Australia and South Australia.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Extinct as L. f. albipilis, otherwise Vulnerable.		Banded Hare-wallaby
11000197	Lagostrophus fasciatus subsp. fasciatus	Peron and Lesueur 1807	SUBSPECIES		fasciatus	fasciatus		Lagostrophus	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	In Péron, Voy. Decouv. Terres. Austral., Atlas vol.1 p.pl. 27, p. 114						
11000198	Lagostrophus fasciatus subsp. baudinettei	Helgen and Flannery 2003	SUBSPECIES		baudinettei	fasciatus		Lagostrophus	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia							
11000199	Macropodinae	Gray 1821	SUBFAMILY						Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	London Med. Repos. vol.15 p.308						
11000200	Dendrolagus	Müller 1840	GENUS					Dendrolagus	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	In Temminck, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Nederland Overz. Bezitt., Land-en Volkenkunde p.20, footnote [1840]	Dendrolagus ursinus Müller, 1840 (recte Hypsiprymnus ursinus Temminck, 1836; designated by Thomas, 1888).				Groves (1982) and Flannery et al. (1995b) divided the genus into a plesiomorphic group (D. lumholtzi, D. inustus) and a derived group, among which D. dorianus and D. scottae, and perhaps D. mbaiso, are the most strongly derived. D. bennettianus occupies an isolated position in the genus.	
11000216	Dendrolagus scottae	Flannery and Seri 1990	SPECIES			scottae		Dendrolagus	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Rec. Aust. Mus. vol.42 p.237			Torricelli Mtns and Mt. Menawa, 900-2000 m (Papua New Guinea).	IUCN  Endangered.	Closely related to D. dorianus.	Tenkile
11000202	Dendrolagus dorianus	Ramsay 1883	SPECIES			dorianus		Dendrolagus	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. vol.8 p.17		aureus  Rothschild and Dollman, 1936; palliceps Troughton and Le Souef, 1936; profugus Troughton and Le Souef, 1936; mayri Rothschild and Dollman, 1933; notatus Matschie, 1916.	Interior New Guinea: Wondiwoi Peninsula, Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya); Papua New Guinea/Indonesian border to extreme SE of mainland Papua New Guinea, 600 to 3650 m.	IUCN  Vulnerable; uncommon.	Does not include bennettianus (see Ride, 1970:223, Kirsch and Calaby, 1977:17), or stellarum (see below); mayri may also be a distinct species, but is known by only one specimen.	Dorias Tree-kangaroo
11000203	Dendrolagus dorianus subsp. dorianus	Ramsay 1883	SUBSPECIES		dorianus	dorianus		Dendrolagus	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. vol.8 p.17						
11000204	Dendrolagus dorianus subsp. mayri	Rothschild and Dollman 1933	SUBSPECIES		mayri	dorianus		Dendrolagus	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia							
11000205	Dendrolagus dorianus subsp. notatus	Matschie 1916	SUBSPECIES		notatus	dorianus		Dendrolagus	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia							
11000206	Dendrolagus goodfellowi	Thomas 1908	SPECIES			goodfellowi		Dendrolagus	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.2 p.452		buergersi  Matschie, 1912; shawmayeri Rothschild and Dollman, 1936.	Mainland of Papua New Guinea, sea level to 2860 m.	IUCN  Endangered; uncommon.	Does not include spadix. Groves (1982d) regarded this species as a subspecies of the earlier named matschiei; but see Flannery (1990:100-104), also Ganslosser (1980). Does not include pulcherrimus (see below).	Goodfellows Tree-kangaroo
11000207	Dendrolagus goodfellowi subsp. goodfellowi	Thomas 1908	SUBSPECIES		goodfellowi	goodfellowi		Dendrolagus	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.2 p.452						
11000208	Dendrolagus goodfellowi subsp. buergersi	Matschie 1912	SUBSPECIES		buergersi	goodfellowi		Dendrolagus	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia							
11000209	Dendrolagus inustus	Müller 1840	SPECIES			inustus		Dendrolagus	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	In Temminck, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Nederland Overz. Bezitt., Land-en Volkenkunde p.20, footnote [1840], see comments		maximus Rothschild and Rothschild, 1898; sorongensis Matschie, 1916; finschi Matschie, 1916; keiensis Matschie, 1916; schoedei Matschie, 1916.	New Guinea: Vogelkop and Fakfak peninsulas, along north coast as far east as Wewak; Yapen Isl; possibly present on Salawati and Waigeou (Flannery, 1995a).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient.	This species was further described by Schlegel and Müller, in Temminck, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Nederland. Overz. Bezitt., Zool., Mammalia, p. 131, 143[1845], pl. 20, 22, 23[1841]. Considered a subspecies of ursinus by Haltenorth (1958); but see Kirsch and Calaby (1977:17) and Groves (1982d).	Grizzled Tree-kangaroo
11000241	Notamacropus	Dawson and Flannery 1985	SUBGENUS				Notamacropus	Macropus	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia							
11000210	Dendrolagus inustus subsp. inustus	Müller 1840	SUBSPECIES		inustus	inustus		Dendrolagus	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	In Temminck, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Nederland Overz. Bezitt., Land-en Volkenkunde p.20, footnote [1840], see comments						
11000211	Dendrolagus inustus subsp. finschi	Matschie 1916	SUBSPECIES		finschi	inustus		Dendrolagus	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia							
11000212	Dendrolagus lumholtzi	Collett 1884	SPECIES			lumholtzi		Dendrolagus	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1884 p.387		fulvus  De Vis, 1888.	NE Queensland (Australia), Kirrima north to Mt. Spurgeon, 300 to 1622 m.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).		Lumholtzs Tree-kangaroo
11000213	Dendrolagus matschiei	Forster and Rothschild 1907	SPECIES			matschiei		Dendrolagus	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Nov. Zool. vol.14 p.506		deltae Troughton and Le Souef, 1936; flavidior Matschie, 1912; xanthotis Rothschild and Dollman, 1936.	Extreme NE interior New Guinea (Huon Peninsula), 1000 to 3300 m; Umboi Isl and Mt. Agulupella in W New Britain (introduced).	IUCN  Endangered. Uncommon.	See Kirsch and Calaby (1977:21) and Lidicker and Ziegler (1968). See also comments under goodfellowi.	Huon Tree-kangaroo
11000214	Dendrolagus mbaiso	Flannery. Boeadi and Szalay 1995	SPECIES			mbaiso		Dendrolagus	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Mammalia vol.59 p.66			Southern and western slopes of Sudirman Range, from Paniai Lakes region in west to Baliem Gorge in east, 136°30 to 139°10E, at 3250 to 4200 m, but perhaps down to 2700 m in suitable low mossy forest or scrub; Prov. of Papua, Indonesia.	IUCN  Vulnerable. Locally common but restricted in distribution.	Some communities hold this species sacred, and its hunting is forbidden; so, in some parts of its range, said to be remarkably tame.	Dingiso
11000215	Dendrolagus pulcherrimus	Flannery 1993	SPECIES			pulcherrimus		Dendrolagus	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Rec. Aust. Mus. vol.45 p.38			Sibilanga district, Toricelli Mtns only, 680-1120 m (Papua New Guinea).	Endangered.	Described as a subspecies of D. goodfellowi, but differs absolutely (diagnostically) from that species.	Golden-mantled Tree-kangaroo
11000267	Macropus robustus subsp. woodwardi	Thomas 1901	SUBSPECIES		woodwardi	robustus	Osphranter	Macropus	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia							
11000217	Dendrolagus spadix	Troughton and Le Souef 1936	SPECIES			spadix		Dendrolagus	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Aust. Zool. vol.8 p.194			S New Guinea, Gulf of Papua east of Fly River, sea level to 800 m.	IUCN  Data Deficient. Rare.	A subspecies of D. matschiei according to Groves (1982d), but raised to a full species by Flannery (1990).	Lowlands Tree-kangaroo
11000218	Dendrolagus stellarum	Flannery and Seri 1990	SPECIES			stellarum		Dendrolagus	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Rec. Aust. Mus. vol.42 p.180			New Guinea, from Paniai Lakes east to Hak-Om region, northeast of Telefomin, 2600-3200 m (Papua New Guinea).	Unknown.	Described as a subspecies of D. goodfellowi, but differs absolutely (diagnostically) from that species.	Seris Tree-kangaroo
11000219	Dendrolagus ursinus	Temminck 1836	SPECIES			ursinus		Dendrolagus	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Discours preliminaire destine a servir d'introduction al faune du Japon p.6 (footnote 2)		leucogenys  Matschie, 1916.	Volgelkop and Fakfak peninsulas, extreme NW New Guinea, sea level to 2500 m.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient.	Does not include inustus (see Kirsch and Calaby, 1977:17). Correct original citation presented by Husson (1955).	Ursine Tree-kangaroo
11000220	Dorcopsis	Schlegel and Müller 1845	GENUS					Dorcopsis	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	In Temminck, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Nederland Overz. Bezitt., Zool. p.130[1845]	Didelphis brunii Quoy and Gaimard, 1830 (= Macropus muelleri Lesson, 1827).				Does not include Dorcopsulus (see Flannery, 1990:89-92). The name Conoyces Lesson, 1842 was used for this genus by Troughton (1937), but Tate (1948a) showed that the type species of Conoyces is Didelphis brunii Gmelin, 1788 [= Thylogale brunii (Schreber, 1778)]; see under Thylogale.	
11000221	Dorcopsis atrata	Van Deusen 1957	SPECIES			atrata		Dorcopsis	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.1826 p.5			Goodenough Isl (Papua New Guinea).	IUCN  Endangered. Very rare, localized.		Black Dorcopsis
11000222	Dorcopsis hageni	Heller 1897	SPECIES			hageni		Dorcopsis	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Abh. Zool. Anthrop.-Ethnology Mus. Dresden vol.6 8 p.7		caurina  Thomas, 1922; eitape (Troughton, 1937)	NC New Guinea.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Common.		White-striped Dorcopsis
11000223	Dorcopsis luctuosa	D'Albertis 1874	SPECIES			luctuosa		Dorcopsis	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1874 p.110		beccarii  Mikouho-Maclay, 1885; chalmersi Milkouho-Maclay, 1884; phyllis Groves and Flannery, 1989.	S New Guinea.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Common.	Usually included in D. veterum (= D. muelleri), but see Groves and Flannery (1989). The subspecies phyllis (Fly River district) is highly distinctive; it appears to fall outside the range of variation of nominotypical luctuosa (Port Moresby district), and is probably a distinct species.	Grey Dorcopsis
11000259	Macropus greyi	Waterhouse 1846	SPECIES			greyi	Notamacropus	Macropus	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Nat. Hist. Mamm. vol.1 p.122			Formerly SE South Australia and adjacent Victoria.	IUCN  Extinct.	Subgenus Notamacropus. Almost certainly extinct (Kirsch and Calaby, 1977:22; Ride, 1970:47).	Toolache Wallaby
11000226	Dorcopsis muelleri	Lesson 1827	SPECIES			muelleri		Dorcopsis	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	In Duperry (Lesson and Garnot, eds.), Voy. autour du Monde...la Coquille, Zool. vol.1 p.164		brunii (Quoy and Gaimard, 1830); rufolateralis Rothschild and Rothschild, 1908; veterum of sundry authors but not Kangurus veterum Lesson and Garnot (see below); lorentzii Jentink, 1908; mysoliae Thomas, 1913; yapeni Groves and Flannery, 1989.	W New Guinea; Misool and Salawati Isls, Aru Isls, and Yapen Isl (Indonesia); occurred on Gebe until about 2000 ybp and on Halmahera until about 1870 ybp (Flannery et al., 1998).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Common.	D. muelleri was regarded as a junior synonym of D. veterum by Kirsch and Calaby (1977:21) and Husson (1955:299). George and Schuerer (1978) rejected veterum as based on a Dendrolagus (probably inustus), and employed muelleri; Groves and Flannery (1989) agreed. The original name Didelphis brunii Quoy and Gaimard, was preoccupied and is now Macropus muelleri. The Yapen Isl form (yapeni) is strongly distinct, apparently outside the range of those from other parts of the range, though samples are small; it may be a distinct species.	Brown Dorcopsis
11000227	Dorcopsis muelleri subsp. muelleri	Lesson 1827	SUBSPECIES		muelleri	muelleri		Dorcopsis	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	In Duperry (Lesson and Garnot, eds.), Voy. autour du Monde...la Coquille, Zool. vol.1 p.164						
11000228	Dorcopsis muelleri subsp. lorentzii	Jentink 1908	SUBSPECIES		lorentzii	muelleri		Dorcopsis	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia							
11000229	Dorcopsis muelleri subsp. mysoliae	Thomas 1913	SUBSPECIES		mysoliae	muelleri		Dorcopsis	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia							
11000230	Dorcopsis muelleri subsp. yapeni	Groves and Flannery 1989	SUBSPECIES		yapeni	muelleri		Dorcopsis	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia							
11000231	Dorcopsulus	Matschie 1916	GENUS					Dorcopsulus	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr., Berlin p.57	Dorcopsis macleayi Miklouho-Maclay, 1885.				Formerly included in Dorcopsis but revived as a full genus by Flannery (1990).	
11200029	Petrodromus tetradactylus subsp. beirae	Roberts 1913	SUBSPECIES		beirae	tetradactylus		Petrodromus	Macroscelididae	Macroscelidea							
11000232	Dorcopsulus macleayi	Miklouho-Maclay 1885	SPECIES			macleayi		Dorcopsulus	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. vol.10 p.145, 149			Extreme SE New Guinea.	IUCN  Vulnerable.		Macleays Dorcopsis
11000233	Dorcopsulus vanheurni	Thomas 1922	SPECIES			vanheurni		Dorcopsulus	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.9 p.264		rothschildi  Thomas, 1922.	Interior New Guinea.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Common.	Regarded as conspecific with macleayi by Kirsch and Calaby (1977:21).	Small Dorcopsis
11000234	Lagorchestes	Gould 1841	GENUS					Lagorchestes	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Monogr. Macropodidae vol.pt. 1 p.pl. 12 (text)	Macropus leporides Gould, 1841.	Lagocheles  Owen, 1842 [nomen nudum].			This genus is probably polyphyletic.	
11000235	Lagorchestes asomatus	Finlayson 1943	SPECIES			asomatus		Lagorchestes	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Trans. R. Soc. South Aust. vol.67 p.319			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN  Extinct. Probably extinct.	Known from a single unsexed skull (Kirsch and Calaby, 1977:22).	Lake Mackay Hare-wallaby
11000236	Lagorchestes conspicillatus	Gould 1841 "1842"	SPECIES			conspicillatus		Lagorchestes	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1841 p.82		leichardti Gould, 1853; pallidior Thomas and Dollman, 1909.	N Western Australia and adjacent islands, N Northern Territory, N and W Queensland (Australia).	IUCN  Vulnerable as L. c. conspicillatus, otherwise Lower Risk (nt). Common locally.	May consist of two or three distinct species.	Spectacled Hare-wallaby
11000237	Lagorchestes hirsutus	Gould 1844	SPECIES			hirsutus		Lagorchestes	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1844 p.32		bernieri Thomas, 1907; dorreae Thomas, 1907.	C Western Australia, C Australia, Dorre Isl and Bernier Isl (Western Australia). Survives only on Bernier and Dorre Isls, and a tiny area NW of Alice Springs (Northern Territory, Australia).	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Extinct as L. h. hirsutus, otherwise Vulnerable. Rare.		Rufous Hare-wallaby
11000238	Lagorchestes leporides	Gould 1840 "1841"	SPECIES			leporides		Lagorchestes	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1840 p.93			Formerly W New South Wales, E South Australia, NW Victoria.	IUCN  Extinct.	Almost certainly extinct; not recorded for more than a century (Kirsch and Calaby, 1977:22).	Eastern Hare-wallaby
11000239	Macropus	Shaw 1790	GENUS					Macropus	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Nat. Misc. vol.1 p.pl. 23 (text)	Macropus giganteus Shaw, 1790.	Boriogale  Owen, 1874; Dendrodorcopsis W. Rothschild, 1903; Gerboides Gervais, 1855; Gigantomys Link, 1794; Halmatopus Wagner, 1841 [error]; Halmaturus Illiger, 1811; Kalmaturus Gervais, 1835 [error]; Kanguroo Lacépède, 1799; Kangurus E. Geoffroy St. Hilaire and G. Cuvier, 1795; Megaleia Gistel, 1848; Notamacropus Dawson and Flannery, 1985; Osphranter Gould, 1842; Phascolagus Owen, 1874; Prionotemmus Stirton, 1955.			Includes Megaleia and Protemnodon (sensu Haltenorth, 1958); see Kirsch and Calaby (1977:17). Rationale for present usage of Macropus given by Calaby (1966). Ride (1962) discussed generic nomenclature for all Macropodinae. Van Gelder (1977b) included Thylogale and Wallabia in this genus, but see Kirsch and Calaby (1977:17) and Corbet and Hill (1980:17-18). Dawson and Flannery (1985) divided this genus into three subgenera: Macropus, Notamacropus and Osphranter; almost certainly Notamacropus is paraphyletic.	
11000243	Macropus agilis	Gould 1841 "1842"	SPECIES			agilis	Notamacropus	Macropus	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1841 p.81		aurescens Schwarz, 1910; binoe (Gould, 1842); jardinii (De Vis, 1884); nigrescens Lönnber, 1913; papuanus Peters and Doria, 1875; aurantiacus Rothschild and Rothschild, 1898; crassipes (Ramsay, 1876); papuensis Sclater, 1875.	NE Western Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland; S New Guinea; Kiriwina and DEntrecasteaux Isls.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Common.	Subgenus Notamacropus.	Agile Wallaby
11000244	Macropus agilis subsp. agilis	Gould 1841 "1842"	SUBSPECIES		agilis	agilis	Notamacropus	Macropus	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1841 p.81						
11000245	Macropus agilis subsp. jardinii	De Vis 1884	SUBSPECIES		jardinii	agilis	Notamacropus	Macropus	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia							
11000246	Macropus agilis subsp. nigrescens	Lönnber 1913	SUBSPECIES		nigrescens	agilis	Notamacropus	Macropus	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia							
11000247	Macropus agilis subsp. papuanus	Peters and Doria 1875	SUBSPECIES		papuanus	agilis	Notamacropus	Macropus	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia							
11000248	Macropus antilopinus	Gould 1841 "1842"	SPECIES			antilopinus	Osphranter	Macropus	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1841 p.80			N Queensland, Northern Territory, NE Western Australia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Common.	Subgenus Osphranter.	Antilopine Kangaroo
11000249	Macropus bernardus	W. Rothschild 1904	SPECIES			bernardus	Osphranter	Macropus	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Nov. Zool. vol.10 p.543		woodwardi  (W. Rothschild, 1903).	Interior of N Northern Territory.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt). Rare.	Subgenus Osphranter. The original name Dendrodorcopsis woodwardi was preoccupied.	Woodwards Wallaroo
11300020	Orycteropus afer subsp. wardi	Lydekker 1908	SUBSPECIES		wardi	afer		Orycteropus	Orycteropodidae	Tubulidentata							
11000250	Macropus dorsalis	Gray 1837	SPECIES			dorsalis	Notamacropus	Macropus	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Mag. Nat. Hist. [Charlesworth's] vol.1 p.583			Australia: E Queensland, E New South Wales.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Common.	Subgenus Notamacropus.	Black-striped Wallaby
11000251	Macropus eugenii	Desmarest 1817	SPECIES			eugenii	Notamacropus	Macropus	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., Nouv. ed. vol.17 p.38		bedfordi (Thomas, 1900); dama (Gould, 1844); decres (Troughton, 1841); derbianus (Gray, 1837); emiliae (Gray, 1843); flindersi (Wood Jones, 1924); gracilis Gould, 1844; houtmanni (Gould, 1844); obscurior (Gray, 1841).	SW Western Australia, South Australia, Kangaroo Isl, Wallaby Isl and other islands.	IUCN  Extinct in the Wild as M. e. eugenii, otherwise Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Notamacropus.	Tammar Wallaby
11000252	Macropus fuliginosus	Desmarest 1817	SPECIES			fuliginosus	Macropus	Macropus	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., Nouv. ed. vol.17 p.35		melanops  Gould, 1842; ocydromus Gould, 1842.	SW New South Wales, NW Victoria, South Australia, SW Western Australia, Tasmania, King Isl, and Kangaroo Isl (Australia).	U.S. ESA  Delisted Taxa (recovered); IUCN  Lower Risk (nt) as M. f. fuliginosus, otherwise Lower Risk (lc). Abundant.	Subgenus Macropus; see Kirsch and Poole (1972) for discussion of specific limits and subspecies included in this taxon and in giganteus.	Western Grey Kangaroo
11000253	Macropus fuliginosus subsp. fuliginosus	Desmarest 1817	SUBSPECIES		fuliginosus	fuliginosus	Macropus	Macropus	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., Nouv. ed. vol.17 p.35						
11000254	Macropus fuliginosus subsp. melanops	Gould 1842	SUBSPECIES		melanops	fuliginosus	Macropus	Macropus	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia							
11000255	Macropus fuliginosus subsp. ocydromus	Gould 1842	SUBSPECIES		ocydromus	fuliginosus	Macropus	Macropus	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia							
11000256	Macropus giganteus	Shaw 1790	SPECIES			giganteus	Macropus	Macropus	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Nat. Misc. vol.1 p.pl. 33 (text)		griseofuscus  (Goldfuss, 1819); labiatus (Desmarest, 1817); major Shaw, 1800; tridactylus (Perry, 1810); tasmaniensis Le Souef, 1923.	E and C Queensland, Victoria, New South Wales, SE South Australia, and Tasmania (Australia).	U.S. ESA  Endangered as M. g. tasmaniensis; otherwise Delisted Taxa (recovered); IUCN  Lower Risk (nt) as M. g. tasmaniensis, otherwise Lower Risk (lc). Abundant throughout E Australia.	Subgenus Macropus. Opinion 760 of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1966) placed this name on the Official List of Specific Names in Zoology, see Calaby et al. (1963) for discussion. Revised by Kirsch and Poole (1972) who discussed specific limits and the subspecies included in this taxon. See Poole (1982, Mammalian Species, 187).	Eastern Grey Kangaroo
11000257	Macropus giganteus subsp. giganteus	Shaw 1790	SUBSPECIES		giganteus	giganteus	Macropus	Macropus	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Nat. Misc. vol.1 p.pl. 33 (text)						
11000258	Macropus giganteus subsp. tasmaniensis	Le Souef 1923	SUBSPECIES		tasmaniensis	giganteus	Macropus	Macropus	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia							
11300014	Orycteropus afer subsp. leptodon	Hirst 1906	SUBSPECIES		leptodon	afer		Orycteropus	Orycteropodidae	Tubulidentata							
11000261	Macropus parma	Waterhouse 1846	SPECIES			parma	Notamacropus	Macropus	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Nat. Hist. Mamm. vol.1 p.149			E New South Wales; introduced to Kawau Isl (New Zealand), see Wodzicki and Flux (1967).	U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Notamacropus (Dawson and Flannery, 1985).	Parma Wallaby
11000262	Macropus parryi	Bennett 1834 "1835"	SPECIES			parryi	Notamacropus	Macropus	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1834 p.151		pallida  (Gray, 1837).	Australia: E Queensland, NE New South Wales.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Common.	Subgenus Notamacropus (Dawson and Flannery, 1985). Formerly included in Protemnodon, see Haltenorth (1958:39); but also see Kirsch and Calaby (1977).	Pretty-faced Wallaby
11000263	Macropus robustus	Gould 1840 "1841"	SPECIES			robustus	Osphranter	Macropus	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1840 p.92		reginae  Schwarz, 1910; erubescens Sclater, 1870; alexandriae Schwarz, 1910; argentatus Rothschild, 1905; cervinus Thomas, 1900; hagenbecki W. Rothschild, 1907; magnus W. Rothschild, 1905 [preoccupied by Owen, 1874]; rubens Schwarz, 1910; isabellinus (Gould, 1842); woodwardi Thomas, 1901; alligatoris Thomas, 1904; bracteator Thomas, 1904.	Australia: Western Australia, South Australia, S Northern Territory, Queensland, New South Wales, Barrow Isl.	IUCN  Vulnerable as M. r. isabellinus, otherwise Lower Risk (lc). Abundant.	Subgenus Osphranter. See Richardson and Sharman (1976). McAllan and Bruce (1989) would date robustus from: The Athenaeum, 670:685 [29 August 1840].	Wallaroo
11000264	Macropus robustus subsp. robustus	Gould 1840 "1841"	SUBSPECIES		robustus	robustus	Osphranter	Macropus	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1840 p.92						
11000265	Macropus robustus subsp. erubescens	Sclater 1870	SUBSPECIES		erubescens	robustus	Osphranter	Macropus	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia							
11000266	Macropus robustus subsp. isabellinus	Gould 1842	SUBSPECIES		isabellinus	robustus	Osphranter	Macropus	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia							
11000268	Macropus rufogriseus	Desmarest 1817	SPECIES			rufogriseus	Notamacropus	Macropus	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., Nouv. ed. vol.17 p.36		griseorufus (Goldfuss, 1819); griseus (Gray, 1827); kingii (Illiger, 1815) [nomen nudum]; rutilans (Illiger, 1815) [nomen nudum]; rutilus (Lichtenstein, 1818) [nomen nudum]; vinosus (Boitard, 1841); banksianus (Quoy and Gaimard, 1825); fruticus Ogilby, 1838; bennetti Waterhouse, 1838; <u>not allocated to subspecies</u>: leptonyx (Wagner, 1842).	SE South Australia, Victoria, SE Queensland, E New South Wales, Tasmania, King Isl and adjacent islands (Australia); introduced in England (Corbet and Hill, 1980:18).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Common.	Subgenus Notamacropus.	Red-necked Wallaby
11000269	Macropus rufogriseus subsp. rufogriseus	Desmarest 1817	SUBSPECIES		rufogriseus	rufogriseus	Notamacropus	Macropus	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., Nouv. ed. vol.17 p.36						
11000270	Macropus rufogriseus subsp. banksianus	Quoy and Gaimard 1825	SUBSPECIES		banksianus	rufogriseus	Notamacropus	Macropus	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia							
11000271	Macropus rufogriseus subsp. fruticus	Ogilby 1838	SUBSPECIES		fruticus	rufogriseus	Notamacropus	Macropus	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia							
11000272	Macropus rufus	Desmarest 1822	SPECIES			rufus	Osphranter	Macropus	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Mammalogis. In Encycl. Méth. vol.2(Suppl.) p.541		dissimulatus W. Rothschild, 1905; griseolanosus (Quoy and Gaimard, 1825); laniger (Gaimard, 1823); lanigerus Gray, 1825; lanosus (Gray, 1827) [error]; occidentalis Cahn, 1906; pallidus Schwarz, 1910; pictus Gould, 1861 [nomen nudum]; ruber Crisp, 1862 [error].	Mainland, mid-latitude Australia.	U.S. ESA  Delisted Taxa (recovered); IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Very abundant.	Maintained in a monotypic genus Megaleia by McKenna and Bell (1997), but Dawson and Flannery (1985) showed that it belongs in genus Macropus, subgenus Osphranter.	Red Kangaroo
11000273	Onychogalea	Gray 1841	GENUS					Onychogalea	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Appendix C. In J. Two Exped. Aust. vol.2 p.402	Macropus unguifer Gould, 1841.					
11000274	Onychogalea fraenata	Gould 1840 "1841"	SPECIES			fraenata		Onychogalea	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1840 p.92			Formerly in S Queensland, interior New South Wales; survives only near Taunton, Queensland (Australia).	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA and IUCN  Endangered.	McAllan and Bruce (1989) argued that the original publication of this name was in The Athenaeum, 670:685 [29 August 1840], as [Macropus] frenatus.	Bridled Nail-tail Wallaby
13700407	Chimarrogale sumatrana	Thomas 1921	SPECIES			sumatrana		Chimarrogale	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.7 p.244			Streams in tropical forest of Sumatra.	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Regarded as a race of phaeura by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1966:87), but considered distinct by Harrison (1958) and Gureev (1979), a view supported by its cranial anatomy.	Sumatran Water Shrew
11000275	Onychogalea lunata	Gould 1840 "1841"	SPECIES			lunata		Onychogalea	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1840 p.93			SC and SW Western Australia, S Northern Territory.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Extinct; probably extinct.	Extinct throughout most or all of its former range. McAllan and Bruce (1989) argued that the original publication of this name was in The Athenaeum, 670:685 [29 August 1840].	Crescent Nail-tail Wallaby
11100038	Potamogale	Du Chaillu 1860	GENUS					Potamogale	Tenrecidae	Afrosoricida	Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. vol.7 p.363	Cynogale velox Du Chaillu, 1860.	Bayonia  Bocage, 1865; Mystomys Gray, 1861; Mythomys Gray, 1862.				
11000276	Onychogalea unguifera	Gould 1840 "1841"	SPECIES			unguifera		Onychogalea	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1840 p.93		annulicauda  De Vis, 1884.	N Australia: Western Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Secure.	McAllan and Bruce (1989) argued that the original description of this name was in The Athenaeum, 670:685 [29 August 1840].	Northern Nail-tail Wallaby
11000277	Petrogale	Gray 1837	GENUS					Petrogale	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Mag. Nat. Hist. [Charlesworth's] vol.1 p.583	Kangurus penicillatus Gray, 1827.	Heteropus Jourdan, 1837 [not of Fitzinger, 1826]; Peradorcas Tomas, 1904.			Revision of this genus is needed; see Poole (1979) and Briscoe et al. (1982). Kitchener and Sanson (1978) considered this genus as probably congeneric with Peradorcas, though McKenna and Bell (1997) continued to recognize Peradorcas as a genus. Species-groups (Briscoe et al., 1982; Eldredge and Close, 1997) are: P. brachyotis group (brachyotis, burbidgei and concinna), P. xanthopus group (xanthopus, rothschildi and persephone), and P. lateralis/penicillata group, containing the remainder.	
11000278	Petrogale assimilis	Ramsay 1877	SPECIES			assimilis		Petrogale	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. vol.1 p.360		puella  Thomas, 1926.	C Queensland, from Townsville southward to lower Burdekin-Bowen Rivers, northwest to Croydon, southwest to Hughenden and Mt. Hope; Palm Isl, Magnetic Isl.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Locally common.	P. lateralis/penicillata species-group.	Allied Rock-wallaby
11000279	Petrogale brachyotis	Gould 1840 "1841"	SPECIES			brachyotis		Petrogale	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1840 p.128		longmani Thomas, 1926; signata Thomas, 1926; venustula Thomas, 1926; wilkinsi Thomas, 1926.	Coast of NW Australia, N Northern Territory.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Common.	P. brachyotis species-group.	Short-eared Rock-wallaby
11000280	Petrogale burbidgei	Kitchener and Sanson 1978	SPECIES			burbidgei		Petrogale	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Rec. W. Aust. Mus. vol.6 p.269			Kimberleys (Western Australia), Bonaparte Arch., and adjacent islands.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt). Rare.	P. brachyotis species-group.	Monjon
11000281	Petrogale coenensis	Eldredge and Close 1992	SPECIES			coenensis		Petrogale	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Aust. J. Zool. vol.40 p.621			Musgrave north to Pascoe River, N Queensland (Australia).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt). Localized.	P. lateralis/ penicillata species-group.	Cape York Rock-wallaby
11000282	Petrogale concinna	Gould 1842	SPECIES			concinna		Petrogale	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1842 p.57		canescens (Thomas, 1909); monastria (Thomas, 1926).	Australia: NE and NW Northern Territory, NE Western Australia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	P. brachyotis species-group. Formerly included in a separate genus Peradorcas, and this is retained by McKenna and Bell (1997), but see Kitchener and Samson (1978).	Nabarlek
11000283	Petrogale godmani	Thomas 1923	SPECIES			godmani		Petrogale	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1923 235 p.13			Near Mt. Carbine and Mitchell River, north to Bathurst Head, west to "Pinnacles" (Australia).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Threatened by genetic introgression from P. assimilis.	P. lateralis/penicillata species-group. Included in penicillata in a preliminary account by Poole (1979:21). Separated as a full species by Eldredge and Close (1992).	Godmans Rock-wallaby
11000284	Petrogale herberti	Thomas 1926	SPECIES			herberti		Petrogale	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.17 p.626			S Queensland, from Nanango, 100 km NW of Brisbane, north to Fitzroy River and northwest to Mt. Ball, near Rubyvale, and Mt. Donneybrook, near Clermont (Australia).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Common.	P. lateralis/penicillata species-group. Considered a species separate from P. penicillata by Eldridge and Close (1992).	Herberts Rock-wallaby
11000285	Petrogale inornata	Gould 1842	SPECIES			inornata		Petrogale	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Monogr. Macropodidae vol.pt. 2 p.pl. 25			Coastal C Queensland, from Fitzroy River north to lower Burdekin-Bowen Rivers; Whitsunday Isl (Australia).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Localized.	P. lateralis/penicillata species-group.	Unadorned Rock-wallaby
11000286	Petrogale lateralis	Gould 1842	SPECIES			lateralis		Petrogale	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Monogr. Macropodidae vol.pt. 2 p.pl. 24		hacketti  Thomas, 1905; pearsoni Thomas, 1922.	Australia: Western Australia (Barrow Isl, Northwest Cape, West Kimberley, Recherche Arch.), South Australia (Pearson Isl, Mann, Musgrave, Everard and Davenport Ranges), Northern Territory (Uluru and Macdonnell Ranges), W Queensland (Dajarra and Selwyn Range).	IUCN  Vulnerable as P. l. hacketti, P. l. lateralis, and P. l. pearsoni. Common.	P. lateralis/penicillata species-group. McAllan and Bruce (1989) argued that the original publication of this name is in The Athenaeum, 670:685 [29 August 1840]. Eldridge and Close (1995) noted the existence of two undescribed races from Central Australia and West Kimberley.	Black-flanked Rock-wallaby
11000287	Petrogale lateralis subsp. lateralis	Gould 1842	SUBSPECIES		lateralis	lateralis		Petrogale	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Monogr. Macropodidae vol.pt. 2 p.pl. 24						
11000288	Petrogale lateralis subsp. hacketti	Thomas 1905	SUBSPECIES		hacketti	lateralis		Petrogale	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia							
11000289	Petrogale lateralis subsp. pearsoni	Thomas 1922	SUBSPECIES		pearsoni	lateralis		Petrogale	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia							
11000290	Petrogale mareeba	Eldredge and Close 1992	SPECIES			mareeba		Petrogale	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Aust. J. Zool. vol.40 p.619			Mareeba north to Mitchell River and near Mt. Carbine, west to Mungana and south to Burdekin River, N Queensland (Australia).	Localized.	P. lateralis/penicillata species-group.	Mareeba Rock-wallaby
11000291	Petrogale penicillata	Gray 1827	SPECIES			penicillata		Petrogale	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	In Griffith et al., Anim. Kingdom, Mamm. vol.3 p.plate only		albogularis  (Jourdan, 1837); longicauda Krefft, 1865.	SE Australia, from East Gippsland (Victoria) to 100 km NW of Bisbane (Queensland).	IUCN  Vulnerable. Locally common but declining.	P. lateralis/penicillata species-group. Does not include herberti (Eldridge and Close, 1992).	Brush-tailed Rock-wallaby
11000292	Petrogale persephone	Maynes 1982	SPECIES			persephone		Petrogale	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Aust. Mamm. vol.5 p.47			Restricted to district around Proserpine.	IUCN  Endangered.	P. xanthopus species-group.	Proserpine Rock-wallaby
11000293	Petrogale purpureicollis	Le Souef 1924	SPECIES			purpureicollis		Petrogale	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Aust. Zool. vol.3 p.274			Australia: Dajarra district, NW Queensland.	Uncertain.	P. lateralis/penicillata species-group. Considered probably a species distinct from P. lateralis by Eldridge et al. (1991).	Purple-necked Rock-wallaby
11000294	Petrogale rothschildi	Thomas 1904	SPECIES			rothschildi		Petrogale	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Nov. Zool. vol.11 p.166			NW Western Australia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Vulnerable.	P. xanthopus species-group.	Rothschilds Rock-wallaby
11100110	Calcochloris obtusirostris subsp. limpopoensis	Roberts 1946	SUBSPECIES		limpopoensis	obtusirostris	Calcochloris	Calcochloris	Chrysochloridae	Afrosoricida							
11000295	Petrogale sharmani	Eldredge and Close 1992	SPECIES			sharmani		Petrogale	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Aust. J. Zool. vol.40 p.618			Seaview and Coane Ranges, west of Ingham, N Queensland (Australia).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	P. lateralis/penicillata species-group.	Mt. Claro Rock-wallaby
11000296	Petrogale xanthopus	Gray 1854 "1855"	SPECIES			xanthopus		Petrogale	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1854 p.259		xanthopygus  (Giebel, 1874) [error]; celeris Le Souef, 1924.	Australia: SW Queensland, South Australia, NW New South Wales.	U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Vulnerabler as P. x. xanthopus, Lower Risk (nt) as P. x. celeris.	P. xanthopus species-group.	Yellow-footed Rock-wallaby
11000297	Petrogale xanthopus subsp. xanthopus	Gray 1854 "1855"	SUBSPECIES		xanthopus	xanthopus		Petrogale	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1854 p.259						
11000298	Petrogale xanthopus subsp. celeris	Le Souef 1924	SUBSPECIES		celeris	xanthopus		Petrogale	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia							
11000299	Setonix	Lesson 1842	GENUS					Setonix	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Nouv. Tabl. Regn. Anim. Mammifères p.194	Kangurus brachyurus Quoy and Gaimard, 1830.					
11000300	Setonix brachyurus	Quoy and Gaimard 1830	SPECIES			brachyurus		Setonix	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	In Dumont d'Urville, Voy...de Astrolabe, Zool. vol.1(L'Homme, Mamm. Oiseaux) p.114		brevicaudatus  (Gray, 1838).	SW Western Australia, Rottnest Isl, and Bald Isl (Australia).	U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Vulnerable.		Quokka
11000301	Thylogale	Gray 1837	GENUS					Thylogale	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Mag. Nat. Hist. [Charlesworth's] vol.1 p.583	Halmaturus (Thylogale) eugenii Gray, 1837 (= Halmaturus thetis Lesson, 1828).				Included in Macropus by Van Gelder (1977b), but see Kirsch and Calaby (1977:17). See comments under Dorcopsis.	
11000302	Thylogale billardierii	Desmarest 1822	SPECIES			billardierii		Thylogale	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Mammalogie, In Encycl. Méth. vol.2(Suppl.) p.542		brachytarsus (Wagner, 1842); rufiventer Ogilby, 1838; tasmanei (Gray, 1838).	Australia: SE South Australia, Victoria, Tasmania, islands in Bass Strait; probably survives only in Tasmania.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Tasmanian Pademelon
11000303	Thylogale browni	Ramsay 1887	SPECIES			browni		Thylogale	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Die Säugethiere vol.3 p.551		keysseri  (Förster and Rothschild, 1914); lauterbachi Matschie, 1916; lugens (Alston, 1877); tibol (Miklouho-Maclay, 1885).	E New Guinea and adjacent small islands, sea level to 2000 m; Bismarck Arch. (Papua New Guinea).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Formerly considered a subspecies of T. brunii, but see Flannery (1992).	Browns Pademelon
11000304	Thylogale brunii	Schreber 1778	SPECIES			brunii		Thylogale	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Die Säugethiere vol.3 p.551		gracilis Miklouho-Maclay, 1884; jukesii (Miklouho-Maclay, 1884).	Southern New Guinea (Trans-Fly Plains and Port Moresby district); Aru Isls; Palau (= Isl) Kei Besar.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	T. bruijni is a later spelling (Haltenorth, 1958:38).	Dusky Pademelon
11000305	Thylogale calabyi	Flannery 1992	SPECIES			calabyi		Thylogale	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Aust. Mammal. vol.15 p.18			Known from Mt. Albert Edward and Mt. Giluwe, Eastern highlands of Papua New Guinea, about 3000 m.	IUCN  Endangered.		Calabys Pademelon
11100071	Chrysospalax	Gill 1883	GENUS					Chrysospalax	Chrysochloridae	Afrosoricida	Standard Nat. Hist. vol.5 (Mamm.) p.137	Chrysochloris trevelyani Günther, 1875.	Bematiscus  Cope, 1892 (see Ellerman et al., 1953).				
11000306	Thylogale lanatus	Thomas 1922	SPECIES			lanatus		Thylogale	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.9 p.670			Subalpine grasslands of Huon Peninsula.	Vulnerable.	Close to T. browni, and considered a subspecies of it, with some misgivings, by Flannery (1992), who however noted some consistent differences, so considered a full species here.	Mountain Pademelon
11000307	Thylogale stigmatica	Gould 1860	SPECIES			stigmatica		Thylogale	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Mamm. Aust. vol.2 pt. 12 p.pl. 33-34		coxenii  (Gray, 1866); gazella (De Vis, 1884); oriomo (Tate and Archbold, 1935); temporalis (De Vis, 1884); wilcoxi (McCoy, 1866)	E Queensland, E New South Wales (Australia); SC lowland New Guinea.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Uncommon.	Citation for original description given as Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1860:375, by some authors, but this is dated Nov. 13, while Mammal. Aust., Part 12 was published Nov. 1.	Red-legged Pademelon
11000308	Thylogale stigmatica subsp. stigmatica	Gould 1860	SUBSPECIES		stigmatica	stigmatica		Thylogale	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Mamm. Aust. vol.2 pt. 12 p.pl. 33-34						
11000309	Thylogale stigmatica subsp. coxenii	Gray 1866	SUBSPECIES		coxenii	stigmatica		Thylogale	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia							
11000310	Thylogale stigmatica subsp. oriomo	Tate and Archbold 1935	SUBSPECIES		oriomo	stigmatica		Thylogale	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia							
11000311	Thylogale stigmatica subsp. wilcoxi	McCoy 1866	SUBSPECIES		wilcoxi	stigmatica		Thylogale	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia							
11000312	Thylogale thetis	Lesson 1828	SPECIES			thetis		Thylogale	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Monogr. Mamm. p.229		eugenii (Gray, 1837); nuchalis (Wagner, 1842).	E Queensland, E New South Wales (Australia).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Uncommon.		Red-necked Pademelon
11000313	Wallabia	Trouessart 1905	GENUS					Wallabia	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Cat. Mamm. Viv. Foss. vol.Suppl. fasc. 4 p.834	Kangurus ualabatus Lesson and Garnot, 1826 (= Kangurus bicolor Desmarest, 1804).				Included in Macropus by Van Gelder (1977b), but see Kirsch and Calaby (1977:17).	
11000314	Wallabia bicolor	Desmarest 1804	SPECIES			bicolor		Wallabia	Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	Tabl. Méth. Hist. Nat., in Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat. vol.24 p.357		apicalis (Gunther, 1874); ingrami (Thomas and Dollman, 1909); lessonii (Gray, 1837); mastersii (Krefft, 1867) [nomen nudum, made available in Krefft, 1871]; nemoralis (Wagner, 1842); ualabatus (Lesson and Garnot, 1826); welsbyi Longman, 1922.	Australia: E Queensland, E New South Wales, Victoria, SE South Australia, Stradbroke Isl, Fraser Isl.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Common.		Swamp Wallaby
11100001	Afrosoricida	Stanhope 1998	ORDER							Afrosoricida						<p>Traditionally included in the Lipotyphla (= Insectivora sensu stricto). Various molecular studies (Madsen et al., 2001; Murphy et al., 2001a, b; Springer et al., 1999) and syntheses of morphological and molecular data (Asher et al., 2003; Liu et al., 2001) support a clade containing tenrecs and golden moles, which Stanhope et al. (1998) named Afrosoricida. This name is inappropriate since this clade does not include soricids, and could lead to confusion with the soricid subgenus Afrosorex Hutterer, 1986. Noting that Tenrecomorpha Butler, 1972 may be a prior, and more explicit name for this clade following Simpsons (1945) guidelines for naming superfamial taxa, Bronner et al. (2003) nevertheless accepted Afrosoricida because this name is entrenched in the recent literature.</p><p>While Afrosoricida is widely used as a name for a tenrec-golden mole clade (e.g., Cao et al., 2000; de Jong et al., 2003; Douady et al., 2002a,b; Hedges, 2001; Helgen, 2003a</... [truncated]	
11100002	TENRECOMORPHA	Butler 1972	SUBORDER							Afrosoricida						Included in suborder Soricomorpha of the Lipotyphla by Butler (1988) and by MacPhee and Novacek (1993). McKenna and Bell (1997:293) use the name Tenrecoidea (attributing it incorrectly to Gray, 1821:301) as a superfamily with the note Proposed as suborder of Lipotyphla, coordinate with Erinaceomorpha, Soricomorpha, and Chrysochlorida; however, usage of this name is undesirable (see above).	
11100003	Tenrecidae	Gray 1821	FAMILY						Tenrecidae	Afrosoricida	London Med. Repos. Rec. vol.15 p.301					Includes Potamogalinae (see Corbet, 1974).	
11100004	Geogalinae	Trouessart 1881	SUBFAMILY						Tenrecidae	Afrosoricida	Revue. Mag. Zool., ser. 3 vol.7 p.275						
11100005	Geogale	Milne-Edwards and A. Grandidier 1872	GENUS					Geogale	Tenrecidae	Afrosoricida	Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. vol.15 (art. 19) p.2	Geogale aurita Milne-Edwards and A. Grandidier, 1872.	Cryptogale  G. Grandidier, 1928 (see Genest and Petter, 1975).				
13700408	Chodsigoa	Kastchenko 1907	GENUS					Chodsigoa	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mus. Zool. Acad. St. Pétersb. vol.10 p.251	Soriculus salenskii Kastchenko, 1907 (by subsequent designation of Allen, 1938:104).				Often included in Soriculus as a subgenus (Hoffmann, 1985b). Hutterer (1994b) and Motokawa (1997b, 1998) proposed generic status for Chodsigoa and Episoriculus.	
11100006	Geogale aurita	Milne-Edwards and A. Grandidier 1872	SPECIES			aurita		Geogale	Tenrecidae	Afrosoricida	Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. vol.15 (art. 19) p.2		australis  G. Grandidier, 1928; orientalis G. Grandidier and Petit, 1930.	Western deciduous forest and spiny bush of S and W Madagascar and Fénérive, NE Madagascar.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	The subspecific status of G. a. orientalis is uncertain. This species was not found during a recent survey of the environs of Fénérive (Rakotondravony et al., 1998). The easternmost occurrence of this species was recorded recently in SE Madagascar (Goodman et al., 1999a).	Large-eared Tenrec
11100007	Geogale aurita subsp. aurita	Milne-Edwards and A. Grandidier 1872	SUBSPECIES		aurita	aurita		Geogale	Tenrecidae	Afrosoricida	Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. vol.15 (art. 19) p.2						
11100008	Geogale aurita subsp. orientalis	G. Grandidier and Petit 1930	SUBSPECIES		orientalis	aurita		Geogale	Tenrecidae	Afrosoricida							
11100011	Limnogale mergulus	Major 1896	SPECIES			mergulus		Limnogale	Tenrecidae	Afrosoricida	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.18 p.319			Freshwater streams of eastern humid forest and central highlands of E Madagascar.	IUCN  Endangered.	Morphological evidence suggests that Limnogale and the African Potamogalinae are sister taxa (Asher, 1999).	Web-footed Tenrec
11100012	Microgale	Thomas 1882	GENUS					Microgale	Tenrecidae	Afrosoricida	J. Linn. Soc., Zool. vol.16 p.319	Microgale longicaudata Thomas, 1882.	Leptogale  Thomas, 1918; Nesogale Thomas, 1918; Paramicrogale G. Grandidier and Petit, 1931.			Revised by MacPhee (1987a); reviewed in part by Jenkins et al. (1996, 1997).	
11100013	Microgale brevicaudata	G. Grandidier 1899	SPECIES			brevicaudata		Microgale	Tenrecidae	Afrosoricida	Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.5 p.349		breviceps  Kaudern, 1918; occidentalis (G. Grandidier and Petit, 1931).	Northern highlands, sambirano, western deciduous forest and eastern humid forest of N and NW Madagascar.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	There are only two records from the eastern humid forest, the type locality and Parc National de Marojejy (Goodman and Jenkins, 2000); similarly there is a single report of this species from the sambirano of Réserve Speciale de Manongarivo (Raxworthy and Rakotondraparany, 1988).	Short-tailed Shrew Tenrec
11100014	Microgale cowani	Thomas 1882	SPECIES			cowani		Microgale	Tenrecidae	Afrosoricida	J. Linn. Soc., Zool. vol.16 p.320		crassipes  Milne-Edwards, 1893; longirostris Major, 1896; nigrescens Elliot, 1905.	Eastern humid forest and central highlands of N, E and SE Madagascar.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Cowan's Shrew Tenrec
11100015	Microgale dobsoni	Thomas 1884	SPECIES			dobsoni		Microgale	Tenrecidae	Afrosoricida	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5 vol.14 p.337			Eastern humid forest of N, E and SE, and central highlands, Madagascar.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Formerly included in Nesogale, see Thomas (1918), Genest and Petter (1975).	Dobson's Shrew Tenrec
11100016	Microgale drouhardi	G. Grandidier 1934	SPECIES			drouhardi		Microgale	Tenrecidae	Afrosoricida	Bull. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. Paris, ser. 2 vol.6 p.474		melanorrhachis  Morrison-Scott, 1948.	Eastern humid forest of N and E Madagascar.		Considered a synonym of M. cowani by MacPhee (1987), specific status recognised by Jenkins et al. (1997).	Drouhards Shrew Tenrec
11100017	Microgale dryas	Jenkins 1992	SPECIES			dryas		Microgale	Tenrecidae	Afrosoricida	Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Zool.) vol.58 p.53			Known only from the type locality and from an owl pellet collected at Réserve Spéciale dAnjanharibe-Sud, NE Madagascar.	IUCN  Critically Endangered.		Dryad Shrew Tenrec
11100018	Microgale fotsifotsy	Jenkins, Raxworthy and Nussbaum 1997	SPECIES			fotsifotsy		Microgale	Tenrecidae	Afrosoricida	Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Zool.) vol.63 p.2			Eastern humid rainforests of N, E and SE Madagascar.			Pale Shrew Tenrec
11100019	Microgale gracilis	Major 1896	SPECIES			gracilis		Microgale	Tenrecidae	Afrosoricida	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.18 p.321			Eastern humid forest and central highlands of N, E and SE Madagascar.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Formerly included in Oryzorictes (see Major, 1896) and Leptogale (see Thomas, 1918a).	Gracile Shrew Tenrec
11100020	Microgale gymnorhyncha	Jenkins, Goodman and Raxworthy 1996	SPECIES			gymnorhyncha		Microgale	Tenrecidae	Afrosoricida	Fieldiana Zool. n.s. vol.85 p.211			Eastern humid forest of N, E and SE and central highlands, Madagascar.			Naked-nosed Shrew Tenrec
11100021	Microgale longicaudata	Thomas 1882	SPECIES			longicaudata		Microgale	Tenrecidae	Afrosoricida	J. Linn. Soc., Zool. vol.16 p.320		majori  Thomas, 1918; prolixacaudata G. Grandidier, 1937.	Eastern humid forest and central highlands of N, E and SE, and western deciduous forest of W Madagascar.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Lesser Long-tailed Shrew Tenrec
11100022	Microgale monticola	Goodman and Jenkins 1998	SPECIES			monticola		Microgale	Tenrecidae	Afrosoricida	Fieldiana Zool. n.s. vol.90 p.149			Northern highlands of N Madagascar.		Recorded to date only at high altitudes in the mountains surrounding the Andapa Basin (see Goodman and Jenkins, 2000).	Montane Shrew Tenrec
11100023	Microgale nasoloi	Jenkins and Goodman 1999	SPECIES			nasoloi		Microgale	Tenrecidae	Afrosoricida	Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Lond. (Zool.) vol.65 p.156			Known only from transitional dry deciduous forest at the type locality and Analavelona Forest, SW Madagascar.			Nasolos Shrew Tenrec
11100067	Chrysochloris stuhlmanni subsp. stuhlmanni	Matschie 1894	SUBSPECIES		stuhlmanni	stuhlmanni	Kilimatalpa	Chrysochloris	Chrysochloridae	Afrosoricida	Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin p.123						
11100072	Chrysospalax trevelyani	Günther 1875	SPECIES			trevelyani		Chrysospalax	Chrysochloridae	Afrosoricida	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1875 p.311			Eastern Cape Prov. (South Africa).	IUCN  Endangered.		Giant Golden Mole
11100024	Microgale parvula	G. Grandidier 1934	SPECIES			parvula		Microgale	Tenrecidae	Afrosoricida	Bull. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. Paris, ser. 2 vol.6 p.476		pulla  Jenkins, 1988.	Eastern humid forest and central highlands of N, E and SE Madagascar.	Revised by Jenkins et al. (1997). Although recorded as Endangered as M. parvula and Vulnerable as M. pulla in the IUCN Red List 2003, this species is currently common over a wide distributional range (Goodman and Jenkins, 1998, 2000; Goodman et al., 1999a; Jenkins et al., 1996, 1997).		Pygmy Shrew Tenrec
11100025	Microgale principula	Thomas 1926	SPECIES			principula		Microgale	Tenrecidae	Afrosoricida	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.17 p.251		decaryi  G. Grandidier, 1928; sorella Thomas, 1926.	Eastern humid forest of N, E and SE Madagascar.	IUCN  Endangered.	Distribution may be disjunct.	Greater Long-tailed Shrew Tenrec
11100026	Microgale pusilla	Major 1896	SPECIES			pusilla		Microgale	Tenrecidae	Afrosoricida	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.18 p.462			Eastern humid forest of E and SE, and central highlands, Madagascar.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Least Shrew Tenrec
11100027	Microgale soricoides	Jenkins 1993	SPECIES			soricoides		Microgale	Tenrecidae	Afrosoricida	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.3067 p.2			Northern highlands, eastern humid forest and central highlands of N, E and SE Madagascar.			Shrew-toothed Shrew Tenrec
11100028	Microgale taiva	Major 1896	SPECIES			taiva		Microgale	Tenrecidae	Afrosoricida	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.18 p.461			Southern regions of eastern humid forest of Madagascar.		Synonymised with M. cowani by MacPhee (1987), specific status recognised by Jenkins et al. (1996).	Taiva Shrew Tenrec
11100029	Microgale talazaci	Major 1896	SPECIES			talazaci		Microgale	Tenrecidae	Afrosoricida	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.18 p.320			Northern highlands, eastern humid forest and central highlands of N, E and SE Madagascar.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Formerly included in Nesogale, see Thomas (1918), Genest and Petter (1975).	Talazac's Shrew Tenrec
11100030	Microgale thomasi	Major 1896	SPECIES			thomasi		Microgale	Tenrecidae	Afrosoricida	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.18 p.320			Eastern humid forest, and central highlands, E and SE Madagascar.	IUCN  Vulnerable.		Thomas's Shrew Tenrec
11100031	Oryzorictes	A. Grandidier 1870	GENUS					Oryzorictes	Tenrecidae	Afrosoricida	Revue Mag. Zool. vol.22 p.50	Oryzorictes hova A. Grandidier, 1870.	Oryzoryctes  Trouessart, 1879 [invalid emendation]; Nesoryctes Thomas, 1918.				
11100032	Oryzorictes hova	A. Grandidier 1870	SPECIES			hova		Oryzorictes	Tenrecidae	Afrosoricida	Revue Mag. Zool. vol.22 p.50		talpoides  G. Grandidier and Petit, 1930.	Northern highlands, eastern humid forest and central highlands of N, NW, E and S Madagascar.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Oryzorictes. Includes talpoides (see Goodman et al., 1999a).	Mole-like Rice Tenrec
11100033	Oryzorictes tetradactylus	Milne-Edwards and A. Grandidier 1882	SPECIES			tetradactylus		Oryzorictes	Tenrecidae	Afrosoricida	Le Naturaliste vol.4 p.55		niger  Major, 1896.	Eastern humid forest and central highlands of C and E Madagascar.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Nesoryctes (see Heim de Balsac [1972] and Genest and Petter [1975]). O. niger is considered a melanistic form of tetradactylus, see Thomas (1918a).	Four-toed Rice Tenrec
11100035	Micropotamogale	Heim de Balsac 1954	GENUS					Micropotamogale	Tenrecidae	Afrosoricida	C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris vol.239 p.102	Micropotamogale lamottei Heim de Balsac, 1954.	Kivugale  Kretzoi, 1961; Mesopotamogale Heim de Balsac, 1956 [see Corbet, 1974].				
11100036	Micropotamogale lamottei	Heim de Balsac 1954	SPECIES			lamottei		Micropotamogale	Tenrecidae	Afrosoricida	C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris vol.239 p.103			Environs of Mt. Nimba in Guinea, Liberia and Côte d'Ivoire.	IUCN  Endangered.	For a survey of the distribution and ecology, see Vogel (1983).	Nimba Otter Shrew
11100068	Chrysochloris stuhlmanni subsp. balsaci	Lamotte and Petter 1981	SUBSPECIES		balsaci	stuhlmanni	Kilimatalpa	Chrysochloris	Chrysochloridae	Afrosoricida							
11100037	Micropotamogale ruwenzorii	de Witte and Frechkop 1955	SPECIES			ruwenzorii		Micropotamogale	Tenrecidae	Afrosoricida	Bull. Inst. r. Sci. nat. Belg. vol.31 84 p.9			Ruwenzori region (Uganda, Dem. Rep. Congo), and W of Lake Edward and Lake Kivu (Dem. Rep. Congo).	IUCN  Endangered.		Ruwenzori Otter Shrew
11200036	Petrodromus tetradactylus subsp. zanzibaricus	Corbet and Neal 1965	SUBSPECIES		zanzibaricus	tetradactylus		Petrodromus	Macroscelididae	Macroscelidea							
11100039	Potamogale velox	Du Chaillu 1860	SPECIES			velox		Potamogale	Tenrecidae	Afrosoricida	Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. vol.7 p.361		allmani  Jentink, 1895; argens Thomas, 1915.	Tropical Africa: Angola, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Republic of Congo, Dem. Rep. Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Kenya, Nigeria, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda.	IUCN  Endangered.		Giant Otter Shrew
11100040	Tenrecinae	Gray 1821	SUBFAMILY						Tenrecidae	Afrosoricida	London Med. Repos. Rec. vol.15 p.301						
11100041	Echinops	Martin 1838	GENUS					Echinops	Tenrecidae	Afrosoricida	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1838 p.17	Echinops telfairi Martin, 1838.	Echinogale  Wagner, 1841.				
11300018	Orycteropus afer subsp. senegalensis	Lesson 1840	SUBSPECIES		senegalensis	afer		Orycteropus	Orycteropodidae	Tubulidentata							
11100042	Echinops telfairi	Martin 1838	SPECIES			telfairi		Echinops	Tenrecidae	Afrosoricida	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1838 p.17		miwarti  A. Grandidier, 1869; nigrescens Petit, 1931; pallescens Thomas, 1892.	Western deciduous forest and spiny bush of S Madagascar.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	The easternmost occurrence of this species was recorded recently in SE Madagascar (Goodman et al., 1999a).	Lesser Hedgehog Tenrec
11100043	Hemicentetes	Mivart 1871	GENUS					Hemicentetes	Tenrecidae	Afrosoricida	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1871 p.58, 72	Ericulus semispinosus G. Cuvier, 1798.	Centetes  Schinz and Brodtmann, 1827 [not Illiger, 1811]; Echinodes Pomel, 1848 [nomen nudum]; Ericius Giebel, 1871 [not Tilesius, 1813; not Sundevall, 1814]; Ericus Bergroth, 1902; Eteocles Gray, 1821.				
11100044	Hemicentetes nigriceps	Günther 1875	SPECIES			nigriceps		Hemicentetes	Tenrecidae	Afrosoricida	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4 vol.16 p.125		buffoni  Jentink, 1879.	Eastern edge of central highlands, E Madagascar.		Distinguished from H. semispinosus by craniodental features (Butler, 1941; Dobson, 1882a) and treated as a distinct species by Eisenberg and Gould (1970). Considered to be a subspecies of H. semispinosus (Genest and Petter, 1975; Hutterer, 1993). Recorded sympatrically with H. semispinosus (Goodman et al., 2000).	Highland Streaked Tenrec
11100045	Hemicentetes semispinosus	G. Cuvier 1798	SPECIES			semispinosus		Hemicentetes	Tenrecidae	Afrosoricida	Tableau élémentaire de lhistoire naturelle des animaux p.108		madagascariensis  Shaw, 1800 [not Zimmermann]; variegatus E. Geoffroy, 1803.	Eastern humid forest, central highlands of E Madagascar.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc)		Lowland Streaked Tenrec
11100046	Setifer	Froriep 1806	GENUS					Setifer	Tenrecidae	Afrosoricida	In Dumeril, Analytische Zoologie .. mit Zusatzen p.15	Erinaceus setosus Schreber, 1778.	Dasogale  G. Grandidier, 1930; Ericulus I. Geoffroy, 1837; Hericulus Gloger, 1841.			Includes Ericulus, see Eisenberg and Gould (1970:49); and Dasogale, see Poduschka and Poduschka (1982:253).	
11100047	Setifer setosus	Schreber 1778	SPECIES			setosus		Setifer	Tenrecidae	Afrosoricida	Die Säugethiere .. mit Beschreibungen vol.3 p.590, pl. 164		acanthurus  Boddaert, 1785; fontoynonti G. Grandidier, 1930; nigrescens I. Geoffroy, 1839; nigricans Bartlett, 1875 [nomen nudum]; spinosus Desmarest, 1820; melantho Thomas, 1926.	All latitudes and phytographic zones: eastern humid forest, central highlands, northern highlands, sambirano, western deciduous forest, spiny bush, Madagascar.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Dasogale fontoynonti was based on a juvenile Setifer setosus, see Poduschka and Poduschka (1982:253) and MacPhee (1987b:133).	Greater Hedgehog Tenrec
11100048	Tenrec	Lacépède 1799	GENUS					Tenrec	Tenrecidae	Afrosoricida	Tableau des divisions, .. Mammifères p.7	Erinaceus ecaudatus Schreber, 1778.	Tenrecus  Desmarest, 1820.				
11100049	Tenrec ecaudatus	Schreber 1778	SPECIES			ecaudatus		Tenrec	Tenrecidae	Afrosoricida	Die Säugethiere.. mit Beschreibungen vol.3 p.590, pl. 165		armatus  I. Geoffroy, 1837; tanrec Boddaert, 1785.	All latitudes and phytographic zones: eastern humid forest, central highlands, northern highlands, sambirano, western deciduous forest, spiny bush, Madagascar; Comoro Isls. Introduced on Reunion, Mauritius, and the Seychelle Isls.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Tail-less Tenrec
11300013	Orycteropus afer subsp. lademanni	Grote 1911	SUBSPECIES		lademanni	afer		Orycteropus	Orycteropodidae	Tubulidentata							
11100050	CHRYSOCHLORIDEA	Broom 1915	SUBORDER							Afrosoricida						MacPhee and Novacek (1993) erected the suborder Chrysochloromorpha for golden moles, but following Simpsons (1945:32-33) nomenclatural principles for categories above superfamilies, Chrysochloridea is the senior synonym.	
11100051	Chrysochloridae	Gray 1825	FAMILY						Chrysochloridae	Afrosoricida	Ann. Philos., n.s. vol.10 p.335					For widely divergent treatments see Simonetta (1968), Meester (1974), Meester et al. (1986) and Petter (1981a). The treatment below follows Bronner (1995a, 1996).	
11100052	Chrysochlorinae	Gray 1825	SUBFAMILY						Chrysochloridae	Afrosoricida	Ann. Philos., n.s. vol.10 p.335						
11100069	Chrysochloris stuhlmanni subsp. stuhlmanni	Matschie 1894	SUBSPECIES		stuhlmanni	stuhlmanni	Kilimatalpa	Chrysochloris	Chrysochloridae	Afrosoricida							
11400031	Heterohyrax brucei subsp. prittwitzi	Brauer 1917	SUBSPECIES		prittwitzi	brucei		Heterohyrax	Procaviidae	Hyracoidea							
11100053	Carpitalpa	Lundholm 1955	GENUS					Carpitalpa	Chrysochloridae	Afrosoricida	Ann. Transvaal Mus. vol.22 p.285	Chlorotalpa(Carpitalpa) arendsi Lundholm, 1955.				Lundholm (1955a:285) described Carpitalpa and Kilimatalpa (here included in Chrysochloris) as subgenera within Chlorotalpa. Simonetta (1968) afforded Carpitalpa generic rank. Included in Amblysomus by Petter (1981a:50) and in Chlorotalpa by Meester (1974) and Meester et al. (1986:20).	
11100054	Carpitalpa arendsi	Lundholm 1955	SPECIES			arendsi		Carpitalpa	Chrysochloridae	Afrosoricida	Ann. Transvaal Mus. vol.22 p.285			E Zimbabwe and adjacent Mozambique.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Arends Golden Mole
11200037	Rhynchocyon	Peters 1847	GENUS					Rhynchocyon	Macroscelididae	Macroscelidea	Bericht Verhandl. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.12 p.36	Rhynchocyon cirnei Peters, 1847.	Rhinonax  Thomas, 1918.			A key to the species was presented in Rathbun (1979).	
11100108	Calcochloris obtusirostris subsp. obtusirostris	Peters 1851	SUBSPECIES		obtusirostris	obtusirostris	Calcochloris	Calcochloris	Chrysochloridae	Afrosoricida	Bericht. Verhandl. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.16 p.467						
11100055	Chlorotalpa	Roberts 1924	GENUS					Chlorotalpa	Chrysochloridae	Afrosoricida	Ann. Transvaal Mus. vol.10 p.64	Chrysochloris duthieae Broom, 1907.				Included in Amblysomus by Ellerman et al. (1953) and by Petter (1981a). Meester (1974) and Meester et al. (1986) included leucorhina (here referred to Calcochloris) and arendsi (here treated as Carpitalpa) in this genus. Revised by Bronner (1995a).	
11100056	Chlorotalpa duthieae	Broom 1907	SPECIES			duthieae		Chlorotalpa	Chrysochloridae	Afrosoricida	Trans. S. Afr. Philos. Soc. vol.18 p.292			Coastal belt of Western and Eastern Cape Prov., South Africa.	IUCN  Vulnerable.		Duthies Golden Mole
11100057	Chlorotalpa sclateri	Broom 1907	SPECIES			sclateri		Chlorotalpa	Chrysochloridae	Afrosoricida	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.19 p.263		guillarmodi  Roberts, 1936; montana Roberts, 1924; shortridgei Broom, 1950.	Western Cape Prov., E Free State, and S Mpumalanga (South Africa); Lesotho.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Included in Amblysomus by Petter (1981a).	Sclaters Golden Mole
11100058	Chlorotalpa sclateri subsp. sclateri	Broom 1907	SUBSPECIES		sclateri	sclateri		Chlorotalpa	Chrysochloridae	Afrosoricida	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.19 p.263						
11100059	Chlorotalpa sclateri subsp. guillarmodi	Roberts 1936	SUBSPECIES		guillarmodi	sclateri		Chlorotalpa	Chrysochloridae	Afrosoricida							
11100060	Chlorotalpa sclateri subsp. montana	Roberts 1924	SUBSPECIES		montana	sclateri		Chlorotalpa	Chrysochloridae	Afrosoricida							
11100061	Chlorotalpa sclateri subsp. shortridgei	Broom 1950	SUBSPECIES		shortridgei	sclateri		Chlorotalpa	Chrysochloridae	Afrosoricida							
11100062	Chrysochloris	Lacépède 1799	GENUS					Chrysochloris	Chrysochloridae	Afrosoricida	Tabl. Mamm. p.7	Chrysochloris capensis Lacépède, 1799 (= Talpa asiatica Linnaeus, 1758).	Kilimatalpa  Lundholm, 1955.			Includes Kilimatalpa as a subgenus, see comments under C. stuhlmanni below.	
11100063	Chrysochloris	Lacépède 1799	SUBGENUS				Chrysochloris	Chrysochloris	Chrysochloridae	Afrosoricida	Tabl. Mamm. p.7	Chrysochloris capensis Lacépède, 1799 (= Talpa asiatica Linnaeus, 1758).					
11100064	Kilimatalpa	Lundholm 1955	SUBGENUS				Kilimatalpa	Chrysochloris	Chrysochloridae	Afrosoricida							
13700409	Chodsigoa caovansunga	Lunde, Musser and Son 2003	SPECIES			caovansunga		Chodsigoa	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Mammal Study vol.28 p.37			Known only from the type locality.		Species contrasted against parca and parva by Lunde et al. (2003b).	Van Sung's Shrew
13700410	Chodsigoa hypsibia	de Winton 1899	SPECIES			hypsibia		Chodsigoa	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1899 p.574		beresowskii  (Kastchenko, 1907); larvarum Thomas, 1911.	SW and C China, Yunnan, Sichuan and Shaanxi; apparently disjunct population (larvarum) in Hebei.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Soriculus hypsibius.	Does not include parva and lamula; see Hoffmann (1985b).	De Winton's Shrew
11100065	Chrysochloris asiatica	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			asiatica	Chrysochloris	Chrysochloris	Chrysochloridae	Afrosoricida	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.53		auratus (Vosmaer, 1787); aurea (Pallas, 1778); bayoni De Beaux, 1921; capensis Lacépède 1799; calviniae Shortridge, 1942; concolor Shortridge and Carter, 1938; damarensis Ogilby, 1838; dixoni Broom, 1946; elegans Broom, 1946; inaurata (Pallas, 1777); minor Roberts, 1919; namaquensis Broom, 1907; rubra Lacépède, 1799; shortridgei Broom, 1946; taylori Broom, 1950; tenuis Broom, 1907; visserae Broom, 1950.	Western Cape Prov. and Robben Isl northwards along coastal plain to Orange River (South Africa).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Chrysochloris. Geographic variation in size and colour appears to be clinal, hence no subspecies are recognized (see Meester et al., 1986), but further study may reveal some valid taxa. The only known specimen of damarensis may have been incorrectly labelled as no Chrysochloris have subsequently been collected in Damaraland, Namibia (Meester 1974).	Cape Golden Mole
11100066	Chrysochloris stuhlmanni	Matschie 1894	SPECIES			stuhlmanni	Kilimatalpa	Chrysochloris	Chrysochloridae	Afrosoricida	Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin p.123		balsaci  Lamotte and Petter (1981); stuhlmanni (Matschie, 1894); fosteri (St. Leger, 1931); tropicalis (Allen and Loveridge, 1927); vermiculus Thomas, 1910.	Burundi, Cameroon, Dem. Rep. Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Kilimatalpa, which Lundholm (1955a) included in Chlorotalpa. Simonetta (1968:31) treated it as a subgenus of Carpitalpa (including stuhlmanni and fosteri) but referred tropicalis to Chlorotalpa. Meester (1974) placed stuhlmanni in Chrysochloris based on malleus morphology, a treatment followed by Bronner (1995) who argued that subgeneric distinction from Chrysochloris is warranted by anagenetic divergence in cranial shape. Validity and limits of subspecies are uncertain owing to the few specimens available. Lamotte and Petter (1981) described balsaci from Mt. Oku, Cameroon, an allopatric form that may deserve full specific status. In addition, the isolated tropicalis should be re-studied.	Stuhlmanns Golden Mole
11100109	Calcochloris obtusirostris subsp. chrysillus	Thomas and Schwann 1905	SUBSPECIES		chrysillus	obtusirostris	Calcochloris	Calcochloris	Chrysochloridae	Afrosoricida							
11100070	Chrysochloris visagiei	Broom 1950	SPECIES			visagiei	Chrysochloris	Chrysochloris	Chrysochloridae	Afrosoricida	Ann. Transvaal Mus. vol.21 p.238			Known only from the holotype.	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Subgenus Chrysochloris. Possibly an aberrant asiatica; see Meester (1974). Simonetta (1968:31) listed it as a subspecies of asiatica.	Visagies Golden Mole
11100073	Chrysospalax villosus	A. Smith 1833	SPECIES			villosus		Chrysospalax	Chrysochloridae	Afrosoricida	S. Afr. Quart. J. vol.2 p.81		dobsoni  (Broom, 1918); leschae (Broom, 1918); rufopallidus (Roberts, 1924); rufus (Meester, 1953); transvaalensis (Broom, 1913); pratensis Roberts, 1913.	Eastern Cape Prov., KwaZulu-Natal, Gauteng and S Mpumalanga (South Africa).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Validity of subspecies unclear, treatment here follows Meester et al. (1986:16)	Rough-haired Golden Mole
11100074	Chrysospalax villosus subsp. villosus	A. Smith 1833	SUBSPECIES		villosus	villosus		Chrysospalax	Chrysochloridae	Afrosoricida	S. Afr. Quart. J. vol.2 p.81						
11100075	Chrysospalax villosus subsp. dobsoni	Broom 1918	SUBSPECIES		dobsoni	villosus		Chrysospalax	Chrysochloridae	Afrosoricida							
11100076	Chrysospalax villosus subsp. leschae	Broom 1918	SUBSPECIES		leschae	villosus		Chrysospalax	Chrysochloridae	Afrosoricida							
11100077	Chrysospalax villosus subsp. rufopallidus	Roberts 1924	SUBSPECIES		rufopallidus	villosus		Chrysospalax	Chrysochloridae	Afrosoricida							
11100078	Chrysospalax villosus subsp. rufus	Meester 1953	SUBSPECIES		rufus	villosus		Chrysospalax	Chrysochloridae	Afrosoricida							
11100079	Chrysospalax villosus subsp. transvaalensis	Broom 1913	SUBSPECIES		transvaalensis	villosus		Chrysospalax	Chrysochloridae	Afrosoricida							
11100080	Cryptochloris	Shortridge and Carter 1938	GENUS					Cryptochloris	Chrysochloridae	Afrosoricida	Ann. S. Afr. Mus. vol.32 p.284	Cryptochloris zyli Shortridge and Carter, 1938.				Simonetta (1968:31) considered Cryptochloris a synonym of Chrysochloris.	
11100081	Cryptochloris wintoni	Broom 1907	SPECIES			wintoni		Cryptochloris	Chrysochloridae	Afrosoricida	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.19 p.264			Little Namaqualand, Northern Cape Prov., South Africa.	IUCN  Vulnerable.		De Wintons Golden Mole
11100082	Cryptochloris zyli	Shortridge and Carter 1938	SPECIES			zyli		Cryptochloris	Chrysochloridae	Afrosoricida	Ann. S. Afr. Mus. vol.32 p.284			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Considered a subspecies of wintoni by Ellerman et al. (1953); however, Meester et al. (1986:18) and Helgen and Wilson (2001) argued for specific status.	Van Zyls Golden Mole
11100083	Eremitalpa	Roberts 1924	GENUS					Eremitalpa	Chrysochloridae	Afrosoricida	Ann. Transvaal Mus. vol.10 p.63	Chrysochloris granti Broom, 1907.					
11100084	Eremitalpa granti	Broom 1907	SPECIES			granti		Eremitalpa	Chrysochloridae	Afrosoricida	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.19 p.265		cana Broom, 1950; namibensis Bauer and Niethammer, 1959.	Coastal dunes from Western and Northern Cape Prov., South Africa, to Namib Desert, Namibia.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Revised by Meester (1964).	Grants Golden Mole
11200001	Macroscelidea	Butler 1956	ORDER							Macroscelidea							
11100085	Eremitalpa granti subsp. granti	Broom 1907	SUBSPECIES		granti	granti		Eremitalpa	Chrysochloridae	Afrosoricida	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.19 p.265						
11100086	Eremitalpa granti subsp. namibensis	Bauer and Niethammer 1959	SUBSPECIES		namibensis	granti		Eremitalpa	Chrysochloridae	Afrosoricida							
11100087	Amblysominae	Simonetta 1957	SUBFAMILY						Chrysochloridae	Afrosoricida	Arch. Ital. Anat. Embriol. vol.62 p.77						
11100088	Amblysomus	Pomel 1848	GENUS					Amblysomus	Chrysochloridae	Afrosoricida	Arch. Sci. Phys. Nat. Geneve vol.9 p.247	Chrysochloris hottentotus A. Smith, 1829.				Revised by Bronner (1995a, 1996).	
11100089	Amblysomus corriae	Thomas 1905	SPECIES			corriae		Amblysomus	Chrysochloridae	Afrosoricida	Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1905 20 p.5		devilliersi Roberts, 1946; swellendamensis Roberts, 1946.	Western Cape Prov. from Stellenbosch/Paarl eastwards to Knysna and George (South Africa).		A. corriae was previously treated as a subspecies of A. iris, and devilliersi as a subspecies of A. hottentotus, see Meester et al. (1986:23). Bronner (1996) showed that iris represents only a subspecies of A. hottentotus, and elevated corriae to species rank to include devilliersi.	Fynbos Golden Mole
11100090	Amblysomus corriae subsp. corriae	Thomas 1905	SUBSPECIES		corriae	corriae		Amblysomus	Chrysochloridae	Afrosoricida	Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1905 20 p.5						
11100091	Amblysomus corriae subsp. devilliersi	Roberts 1946	SUBSPECIES		devilliersi	corriae		Amblysomus	Chrysochloridae	Afrosoricida							
11100111	Calcochloris tytonis	Simonetta 1968	SPECIES			tytonis	[incertae sedis]	Calcochloris	Chrysochloridae	Afrosoricida	Monitore Zool. Ital., n.s. vol.2(suppl.) p.31			Known only from the type specimen.	IUCN  Critically Endangered as Chlorotalpa tytonis.	Subgenus incertae sedis (Bronner 1995a). Assigned to Amblysomus by Simonetta (1968:31) and Petter (1981a); Meester (1974) placed this species in Chlorotalpa.	Somali Golden Mole
11100092	Amblysomus hottentotus	A. Smith 1829	SPECIES			hottentotus		Amblysomus	Chrysochloridae	Afrosoricida	Zool. J. vol.4 p.436		affinis  (Wagner, 1841); albirostris (Wagner, 1841) [nomen dubium]; holosericea (Lichtenstein, 1981); rutilans (Wagner, 1841); iris Thomas and Schwann, 1905; littoralis Roberts, 1946; longiceps (Broom, 1907); albifrons (Broom, 1907); pondoliae Thomas and Schwann, 1905; albirostris (Broom, 1908) [nomen dubium]; natalensis Roberts, 1946; meesteri Bronner, 2000.	Eastern Cape Prov., KwaZulu-Natal, NE Free State and Mpumalanga (South Africa); Lesotho; possibly Swaziland.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) for A. hottentotus and A. iris.	Bronner (1995b, 1996, 2000) demonstrated the existence of three cryptic species (marleyi, septentrionalis and robustus) in this species, as traditionally constituted (Meester 1974).	Hottentot Golden Mole
11100093	Amblysomus hottentotus subsp. hottentotus	A. Smith 1829	SUBSPECIES		hottentotus	hottentotus		Amblysomus	Chrysochloridae	Afrosoricida	Zool. J. vol.4 p.436						
11100094	Amblysomus hottentotus subsp. iris	Thomas and Schwann 1905	SUBSPECIES		iris	hottentotus		Amblysomus	Chrysochloridae	Afrosoricida							
11100095	Amblysomus hottentotus subsp. longiceps	Broom 1907	SUBSPECIES		longiceps	hottentotus		Amblysomus	Chrysochloridae	Afrosoricida							
11100096	Amblysomus hottentotus subsp. pondoliae	Thomas and Schwann 1905	SUBSPECIES		pondoliae	hottentotus		Amblysomus	Chrysochloridae	Afrosoricida							
11100097	Amblysomus hottentotus subsp. meesteri	Bronner 2000	SUBSPECIES		meesteri	hottentotus		Amblysomus	Chrysochloridae	Afrosoricida							
11100098	Amblysomus marleyi	Roberts 1931	SPECIES			marleyi		Amblysomus	Chrysochloridae	Afrosoricida	Ann. Transvaal Mus. vol.14 p.225			Ubombo to Ingwavuma, KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa).		Separated from hottentotus by Bronner (1995b, 1996, 2000).	Marleys Golden Mole
11100099	Amblysomus robustus	Bronner 2000	SPECIES			robustus		Amblysomus	Chrysochloridae	Afrosoricida	Mammalia vol.64 1 p.42			Belfast to Dullstroom (Mpumalanga, South Africa).		Separated from hottentotus by Bronner (1995b, 1996, 2000).	Robust Golden Mole
11100100	Amblysomus septentrionalis	Roberts 1913	SPECIES			septentrionalis		Amblysomus	Chrysochloridae	Afrosoricida	Ann. Transvaal Mus. vol.4 p.73		drakensbergensis  Roberts, 1946; garneri Roberts, 1917; orangensis Roberts, 1946.	Helibron and Parys (NE Free State) to Wakkerstroom and Ermelo (Mpumalanga, South Africa); possibly also Swaziland.		Separated from hottentotus by Bronner (1995b, 1996, 2000).	Highveld Golden Mole
11100101	Calcochloris	Mivart 1867	GENUS					Calcochloris	Chrysochloridae	Afrosoricida	J. Anat. Physiol., London vol.2 p.133	Chrysochloris obtusirostris Peters, 1851.	Chrysotricha Broom, 1907; Huetia Forcart, 1942.			Includes Chrysotricha, see Meester et al. (1986:23). Ellerman et al. (1953) included Calcochloris in Amblysomus. Bronner (1995a) included leucorhinus and tytonis in this genus.	
11100102	Calcochloris	Mivart 1867	SUBGENUS				Calcochloris	Calcochloris	Chrysochloridae	Afrosoricida	J. Anat. Physiol., London vol.2 p.133	Chrysochloris obtusirostris Peters, 1851.					
11100103	Huetia	Forcart 1942	SUBGENUS				Huetia	Calcochloris	Chrysochloridae	Afrosoricida							
11100104	Calcochloris leucorhinus	Huet 1885	SPECIES			leucorhinus	Huetia	Calcochloris	Chrysochloridae	Afrosoricida	Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, Bull. vol.8 p.8		congicus (Thomas, 1910); luluanus (Forcart, 1942); cahni (Schwarz and Mertens, 1922).	N Angola, Dem. Rep. Congo, Cameroon, Central African Republic.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Chlorotalpa leucorhina.	Subgenus Huetia (see Bronner 1995a). Included in Chrysochloris by Allen (1939); included in Amblysomus by Simonetta (1968) and Petter (1981a).	Congo Golden Mole
11100105	Calcochloris leucorhinus subsp. leucorhinus	Huet 1885	SUBSPECIES		leucorhinus	leucorhinus	Huetia	Calcochloris	Chrysochloridae	Afrosoricida	Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, Bull. vol.8 p.8						
11100106	Calcochloris leucorhinus subsp. cahni	Schwarz and Mertens 1922	SUBSPECIES		cahni	leucorhinus	Huetia	Calcochloris	Chrysochloridae	Afrosoricida							
11100107	Calcochloris obtusirostris	Peters 1851	SPECIES			obtusirostris	Calcochloris	Calcochloris	Chrysochloridae	Afrosoricida	Bericht. Verhandl. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.16 p.467		chrysillus  (Thomas and Schwann, 1905); limpopoensis (Roberts, 1946).	Maputaland (KwaZulu-Natal) and Kruger Nat. Park (Northern Prov., South Africa); S Zimbabwe and S Mozambique.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Calcochloris.	Yellow Golden Mole
11200030	Petrodromus tetradactylus subsp. rovumae	Thomas 1897	SUBSPECIES		rovumae	tetradactylus		Petrodromus	Macroscelididae	Macroscelidea							
11100112	Neamblysomus	Roberts 1924	GENUS					Neamblysomus	Chrysochloridae	Afrosoricida	Ann. Transvaal Mus. vol.10 p.64	Chrysochloris gunningi Broom, 1908.				Included in Amblysomus by Simonetta (1968), Meester (1974), Petter (1981a) and Meester et al. (1986). Bronner (1995a, b) elevated it to generic rank on the basis of cytogenetic and cranial divergence from Amblysomus species.	
11100113	Neamblysomus gunningi	Broom 1908	SPECIES			gunningi		Neamblysomus	Chrysochloridae	Afrosoricida	Ann. Transvaal Mus. vol.1 p.14			Woodbush Forest and New Agatha Forest Reserve, Limpopo Province, South Africa.	IUCN  Vulnerable as Amblysomus gunningi.		Gunnings Golden Mole
11100114	Neamblysomus julianae	Meester 1972	SPECIES			julianae		Neamblysomus	Chrysochloridae	Afrosoricida	Ann. Transvaal Mus. vol.28 4 p.35			Pretoria (Gauteng), Nylstroom (Limpopo Prov.) and Kruger Nat. Park (Mpumalanga, South Africa).	IUCN  Critically Endangered as Amblysomus julianae.	Consistent dental and fur differences between the western (Pretoria and Nylstroom) and eastern (Kruger Nat. Park) populations allude to distinct subspecies (Meester, 1972; Bronner 1990), but study of more specimens is needed to confirm this.	Julianas Golden Mole
11200002	Macroscelididae	Bonaparte 1838	FAMILY						Macroscelididae	Macroscelidea	Nuovi Ann. Sci. Nat. vol.2 p.111					Revised by Corbet and Hanks (1968).	
11200003	Elephantulus	Thomas and Schwann 1906	GENUS					Elephantulus	Macroscelididae	Macroscelidea	Abst. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1906 33 p.10	Macroscelides rupestris A. Smith, 1831.	Elephantomys  Broom, 1937; Nasilio Thomas and Schwann, 1906.			Includes Nasilio; see Corbet and Hanks (1968), and Elephantomys; see Meester et al. (1986). A key to the species was presented in Koontz and Roeper (1983) and another to southern African species in Meester et al. (1986).	
11200004	Elephantulus brachyrhynchus	A. Smith 1834 "1836"	SPECIES			brachyrhynchus		Elephantulus	Macroscelididae	Macroscelidea	Rept. Exped. Exploring Central Africa vol.1834 p.42		albiventer  (Osgood, 1910); brachyura (Bocage, 1882); brevirostris (Schinz, 1844); delamerei (Thomas, 1901); langi (Roberts, 1929); luluae (Matschie, 1926); mababiensis (Roberts, 1932); selindensis (Roberts, 1937); shortridgei (Roberts, 1929); tzaneenensis (Roberts, 1929).	N South Africa; NE Namibia; E and N Botswana; Angola; Zimbabwe; Malawi; Zambia; S Dem. Rep. Congo; Mozambique; Tanzania; Kenya and Uganda.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Corbet (1974:5) and Meester et al. (1986:311) regarded variation as clinal and did not recognize any subspecies.	Short-snouted Elephant Shrew
11300001	Tubulidentata	Huxley 1872	ORDER							Tubulidentata							
11300002	Orycteropodidae	Gray 1821	FAMILY						Orycteropodidae	Tubulidentata	London Med. Repos. vol.15 p.305						
11300003	Orycteropus	G. Cuvier 1798	GENUS					Orycteropus	Orycteropodidae	Tubulidentata	Tabl. Elem. Hist. Nat. Anim. vol.1798 p.144	Myrmecophaga capensis Gmelin, 1788 (= Myrmecophaga afra Pallas, 1766).				Sherborn (1902:701) and Allen (1939:270) gave Orycteropus "Geoffroy, Decad. Phil. et Litt. XXVIII. 1795", but it is untraceable. Meester et al. (1986:182) reviewed and assigned the correct generic name.	
11300004	Orycteropus afer	Pallas 1766	SPECIES			afer		Orycteropus	Orycteropodidae	Tubulidentata	Misc. Zool. p.64		albicaudus Rothschild, 1907; capensis (Gmelin, 1788); adametzi Grote, 1921; aethiopicus Sundevall, 1843; angolensis Zukowsky and Haltenorth, 1957; erikssoni Lönnberg, 1906; faradjius Hatt, 1932; haussanus Matschie, 1900; kordofanicus Rothschild, 1927; lademanni Grote, 1911; leptodon Hirst, 1906; matschiei Grote, 1921; observandus Grote, 1921; ruvanensis Grote, 1921; senegalensis Lesson, 1840; senegalensis, Schinz, 1845; somalicus Lydekker, 1908; wardi Lydekker, 1908; wertheri Matschie, 1898.	Savannah zones of West Africa to E Sudan, Ethiopia and Eritrea; Kenya; Somalia; N and W Uganda to Tanzania; Rwanda; N, E, and C Dem. Rep. Congo; W Angola; Namibia; Botswana; Zimbabwe; Zambia; Mozambique; South Africa.	IUCN  Least Concern.	Reviewed by Melton (1976), Pocock (1924), and Shoshani et al. (1988, Mammalian Species, 300). Seventeen poorly defined subspecies are recognized (Meester, 1972b; Meester et al., 1986).	Aardvark
11300005	Orycteropus afer subsp. afer	Pallas 1766	SUBSPECIES		afer	afer		Orycteropus	Orycteropodidae	Tubulidentata	Misc. Zool. p.64						
11300006	Orycteropus afer subsp. adametzi	Grote 1921	SUBSPECIES		adametzi	afer		Orycteropus	Orycteropodidae	Tubulidentata							
11300007	Orycteropus afer subsp. aethiopicus	Sundevall 1843	SUBSPECIES		aethiopicus	afer		Orycteropus	Orycteropodidae	Tubulidentata							
11300008	Orycteropus afer subsp. angolensis	Zukowsky and Haltenorth 1957	SUBSPECIES		angolensis	afer		Orycteropus	Orycteropodidae	Tubulidentata							
11300009	Orycteropus afer subsp. erikssoni	Lönnberg 1906	SUBSPECIES		erikssoni	afer		Orycteropus	Orycteropodidae	Tubulidentata							
11300010	Orycteropus afer subsp. faradjius	Hatt 1932	SUBSPECIES		faradjius	afer		Orycteropus	Orycteropodidae	Tubulidentata							
11300011	Orycteropus afer subsp. haussanus	Matschie 1900	SUBSPECIES		haussanus	afer		Orycteropus	Orycteropodidae	Tubulidentata							
11300015	Orycteropus afer subsp. matschiei	Grote 1921	SUBSPECIES		matschiei	afer		Orycteropus	Orycteropodidae	Tubulidentata							
11300016	Orycteropus afer subsp. observandus	Grote 1921	SUBSPECIES		observandus	afer		Orycteropus	Orycteropodidae	Tubulidentata							
11300017	Orycteropus afer subsp. ruvanensis	Grote 1921	SUBSPECIES		ruvanensis	afer		Orycteropus	Orycteropodidae	Tubulidentata							
11300021	Orycteropus afer subsp. wertheri	Matschie 1898	SUBSPECIES		wertheri	afer		Orycteropus	Orycteropodidae	Tubulidentata							
11200005	Elephantulus edwardii	A. Smith 1839	SPECIES			edwardii		Elephantulus	Macroscelididae	Macroscelidea	Illustr. Zool. S. Afr. Mamm. p.pl. 14		capensis  Roberts, 1924; edwardsii (Sclater, 1901); karoensis Roberts, 1938.	W and SC South Africa.	IUCN  Least Concern.	Corbet and Hanks (1968:97) suggested there might be a western and eastern subspecies.	Cape Elephant Shrew
11200006	Elephantulus fuscipes	Thomas 1894	SPECIES			fuscipes		Elephantulus	Macroscelididae	Macroscelidea	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.13 p.68			Uganda; NE Dem. Rep. Congo; S Sudan.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Dusky-footed Elephant Shrew
11200007	Elephantulus fuscus	Peters 1852	SPECIES			fuscus		Elephantulus	Macroscelididae	Macroscelidea	Reise nach Mossambique, Säugethiere p.87		malosae  (Thomas, 1898).	Mozambique; S Malawi; SE Zambia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Regarded as distinct by Corbet (1974:5).	Dusky Elephant Shrew
11200008	Elephantulus intufi	A. Smith 1834 "1836"	SPECIES			intufi		Elephantulus	Macroscelididae	Macroscelidea	Rept. Exped. Exploring Central Africa vol.1834 p.42		alexandri  (Ogilby, 1838); campbelli Roberts, 1938; canescens Lundholm, 1955; kalaharicus Roberts, 1932; mchughi Roberts, 1946; mossamedensis Hill and Carter, 1937; namibensis Roberts, 1938; omahekensis Lehmann, 1955; schinzi (Noack, 1889).	SW Angola; Namibia; Botswana; N South Africa.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Corbet (1974:5) and Meester et al. (1986:313) declined to recognize subspecies although Corbet and Hanks (1968:90) considered that two might be recognized with alexandri applicable to all but the eastern nominate population.	Bushveld Elephant Shrew
11200009	Elephantulus myurus	Thomas and Schwann 1906	SPECIES			myurus		Elephantulus	Macroscelididae	Macroscelidea	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1906 p.586		centralis  Roberts, 1946; fitzsimonsi Lundholm, 1955; jamesoni Chubb, 1909; mapogonensis Roberts, 1917.	Zimbabwe; E Botswana; N, C and E South Africa; Lesotho; W Mozambique.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Corbet (1974:6) and Meester et al. (1986:314) did not recognize any subspecies.	Eastern Rock Elephant Shrew
11200010	Elephantulus revoili	Huet 1881	SPECIES			revoili		Elephantulus	Macroscelididae	Macroscelidea	Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris, ser. 7 vol.5 p.96			N Somalia.	IUCN  Endangered.		Somali Elephant Shrew
11200031	Petrodromus tetradactylus subsp. schwanni	Thomas and Wroughton 1907	SUBSPECIES		schwanni	tetradactylus		Petrodromus	Macroscelididae	Macroscelidea							
11200011	Elephantulus rozeti	Duvernoy 1833	SPECIES			rozeti		Elephantulus	Macroscelididae	Macroscelidea	Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Strasbourg vol.1 2, art. M p.18		atlantis  Thomas, 1913; moratus Thomas, 1913; deserti (Thomas, 1901); clivorum Thomas, 1913.	Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; W Libya.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Corbet and Hanks (1968:81) and Corbet (1974:6) recognized two subspecies but Kawalski and Rzebik-Kawalska (1991:299) did not recognize any subspecies based on Algerian material.	North African Elephant Shrew
11200012	Elephantulus rozeti subsp. rozeti	Duvernoy 1833	SUBSPECIES		rozeti	rozeti		Elephantulus	Macroscelididae	Macroscelidea	Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Strasbourg vol.1 2, art. M p.18						
11200013	Elephantulus rozeti subsp. deserti	Thomas 1901	SUBSPECIES		deserti	rozeti		Elephantulus	Macroscelididae	Macroscelidea							
11200014	Elephantulus rufescens	Peters 1878	SPECIES			rufescens		Elephantulus	Macroscelididae	Macroscelidea	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss., Berlin vol.1878 p.198		mariakanae  Heller, 1912; boranus (Thomas, 1901); dundasi Dollman, 1910; delicatus Dollman, 1911; hoogstraali Setzer, 1956; phaeus Heller, 1910; rendilis Lönnberg, 1912; peasei (Thomas, 1901); pulcher (Thomas, 1894); ocularis Kershaw, 1921; renatus Kershaw, 1923; somalicus (Thomas, 1901).	S and E Ethiopia; Kenya; E Uganda; S Sudan; N, C and W Tanzania; N and S Somalia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Corbet (1974:5) provisionally recognized six subspecies based on considerable but discontinuous variation. See Koontz and Roeper (1983, Mammalian Species, 204).	Rufous Elephant Shrew
11200015	Elephantulus rufescens subsp. rufescens	Peters 1878	SUBSPECIES		rufescens	rufescens		Elephantulus	Macroscelididae	Macroscelidea	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss., Berlin vol.1878 p.198						
11200016	Elephantulus rufescens subsp. boranus	Thomas 1901	SUBSPECIES		boranus	rufescens		Elephantulus	Macroscelididae	Macroscelidea							
11200017	Elephantulus rufescens subsp. dundasi	Dollman 1910	SUBSPECIES		dundasi	rufescens		Elephantulus	Macroscelididae	Macroscelidea							
11200018	Elephantulus rufescens subsp. peasei	Thomas 1901	SUBSPECIES		peasei	rufescens		Elephantulus	Macroscelididae	Macroscelidea							
11200019	Elephantulus rufescens subsp. pulcher	Thomas 1894	SUBSPECIES		pulcher	rufescens		Elephantulus	Macroscelididae	Macroscelidea							
11200020	Elephantulus rufescens subsp. somalicus	Thomas 1901	SUBSPECIES		somalicus	rufescens		Elephantulus	Macroscelididae	Macroscelidea							
11200021	Elephantulus rupestris	A. Smith 1831	SPECIES			rupestris		Elephantulus	Macroscelididae	Macroscelidea	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1831 p.11		barlowi  Roberts, 1938; gordoniensis Roberts, 1946; kobosensis Roberts, 1938; montanus Lundholm, 1955; okombahensis Roberts, 1946; tarri Roberts, 1938; typus (Lesson, 1830); vandami Roberts, 1924.	W Namibia; SW and SC South Africa.	IUCN  Least Concern.	No subspecies are recognized.	Western Rock Elephant Shrew
11900056	Tupaia tana subsp. chrysura	Günther 1876	SUBSPECIES		chrysura	tana		Tupaia	Tupaiidae	Scandentia							
11200022	Macroscelides	A. Smith 1829	GENUS					Macroscelides	Macroscelididae	Macroscelidea	Zool. J. Lond. vol.4 p.435	Macroscelides typus A. Smith, 1829 (= Sorex proboscideus Shaw, 1800).	Eumerus  I. Geoffroy, 1829; Macroscelis Fisher, 1830; Rhinomys Lichtenstein, 1831.				
11200023	Macroscelides proboscideus	Shaw 1800	SPECIES			proboscideus		Macroscelides	Macroscelididae	Macroscelidea	Gen. Zool. Syst. Nat. Hist. vol.1 2, Mammalia p.536		ausensis  Roberts, 1938; brandvleiensis Roberts, 1938; calviniensis Roberts, 1938; chiversi Roberts, 1933; harei Roberts, 1938; hewitti Roberts, 1929; isabellinus Shortridge and Carter, 1938; jaculus (Lichtenstein, 1831); langi Roberts, 1933; melanotis Ogilby, 1838; typicus A. Smith, 1839; typus A. Smith, 1829; flavicaudatus Lundholm, 1955.	W, NW and SC South Africa; S Namibia.	IUCN  Least Concern.	Meester et al. (1986:310) listed two subspecies.	Short-eared Elephant Shrew
11200024	Macroscelides proboscideus subsp. proboscideus	Shaw 1800	SUBSPECIES		proboscideus	proboscideus		Macroscelides	Macroscelididae	Macroscelidea	Gen. Zool. Syst. Nat. Hist. vol.1 2, Mammalia p.536						
11200025	Macroscelides proboscideus subsp. flavicaudatus	Lundholm 1955	SUBSPECIES		flavicaudatus	proboscideus		Macroscelides	Macroscelididae	Macroscelidea							
11200026	Petrodromus	Peters 1846	GENUS					Petrodromus	Macroscelididae	Macroscelidea	Bericht Verhandl. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.11 p.258	Petrodromus tetradactylus Peters, 1846.	Cercoctenus  Hollister, 1916; Mesoctenus Thomas, 1918.				
11200027	Petrodromus tetradactylus	Peters 1846	SPECIES			tetradactylus		Petrodromus	Macroscelididae	Macroscelidea	Bericht Verhandl. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.11 p.258		matschiei  Neumann 1900; occidentalis Roberts, 1913; robustus Thomas, 1918; venustus Thomas, 1903; beirae Roberts, 1913; rovumae Thomas, 1897; mossambicus Thomas, 1918; nigriseta Neumann, 1900; schwanni Thomas and Wroughton, 1907; sultani Thomas, 1897; sangi Heller, 1912; swynnertoni Thomas, 1918; tordayi Thomas, 1910; tumbanus Kershaw, 1923; warreni Thomas, 1918; zanzibaricus Corbet and Neal, 1965.	Mozambique; Tanzania (including Mafia and Zanzibar); SE Kenya; S Uganda; Zambia; Malawi; SE Zimbabwe; Dem. Rep. Congo; E Republic of Congo; NE Angola; E South Africa.	IUCN  Not Evaluated as P. t. sangi; otherwise IUCN  Not listed.	Corbet (1974:2) and Meester et al. (1986:309) recognized nine subspecies. Corbet (1974:3) suggested that matschiei and robustus might be distinct subspecies. It is possible that schwanni and tordayi are separate species.	Four-toed Elephant Shrew
11200028	Petrodromus tetradactylus subsp. tetradactylus	Peters 1846	SUBSPECIES		tetradactylus	tetradactylus		Petrodromus	Macroscelididae	Macroscelidea	Bericht Verhandl. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.11 p.258						
11200038	Rhynchocyon chrysopygus	Günther 1881	SPECIES			chrysopygus		Rhynchocyon	Macroscelididae	Macroscelidea	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1881 p.164			E Kenya.	IUCN  Endangered.	Kingdon (1974a:41) considered chrysopygus as a subspecies of cirnei. See Rathbun (1979, Mammalian Species, 117).	Golden-rumped Elephant Shrew
13700411	Chodsigoa lamula	Thomas 1912	SPECIES			lamula		Chodsigoa	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.10 p.399			C China, from Yunnan, Sichuan, and Gansu to Fujian.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Soriculus lamula.	Hoffmann (1985) included parva in C. lamula, but Lunde et al. (2003b) retained parva as a distinct species. Formerly in hypsibia but occurs sympatrically with that species; see Hoffmann (1985b).	Lamulate Shrew
11200039	Rhynchocyon cirnei	Peters 1847	SPECIES			cirnei		Rhynchocyon	Macroscelididae	Macroscelidea	Bericht Verhandl. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.12 p.37		hendersoni  Thomas, 1902; macrurus Günther, 1881; melanurus Neumann, 1900; reichardi Reichenow, 1886; swynnertoni Kershaw, 1923; shirensis Corbet and Hanks, 1968; stuhlmanni Matschie, 1893; claudi Thomas and Wroughton, 1907; nudicaudata Lydekker, 1906.	N Mozambique; Malawi, S and SW Tanzania, NE Zambia, N and E Dem. Rep. Congo, Uganda.	IUCN  Not Evaluated as R. c. cirnei and R. c. hendersoni; otherwise Vulnerable.	Six isolated forest-inhabiting subspecies are recognized by Corbet and Hanks (1968:57) and Corbet (1974:2). Includes stuhlmanni, which could be a distinct species according to Corbet and Hanks (1968:63).	Checkered Elephant Shrew
11200040	Rhynchocyon cirnei subsp. cirnei	Peters 1847	SUBSPECIES		cirnei	cirnei		Rhynchocyon	Macroscelididae	Macroscelidea	Bericht Verhandl. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.12 p.37						
11200041	Rhynchocyon cirnei subsp. hendersoni	Thomas 1902	SUBSPECIES		hendersoni	cirnei		Rhynchocyon	Macroscelididae	Macroscelidea							
11200042	Rhynchocyon cirnei subsp. macrurus	Günther 1881	SUBSPECIES		macrurus	cirnei		Rhynchocyon	Macroscelididae	Macroscelidea							
11200043	Rhynchocyon cirnei subsp. reichardi	Reichenow 1886	SUBSPECIES		reichardi	cirnei		Rhynchocyon	Macroscelididae	Macroscelidea							
11200044	Rhynchocyon cirnei subsp. shirensis	Corbet and Hanks 1968	SUBSPECIES		shirensis	cirnei		Rhynchocyon	Macroscelididae	Macroscelidea							
11200045	Rhynchocyon cirnei subsp. stuhlmanni	Matschie 1893	SUBSPECIES		stuhlmanni	cirnei		Rhynchocyon	Macroscelididae	Macroscelidea							
11200046	Rhynchocyon petersi	Bocage 1880	SPECIES			petersi		Rhynchocyon	Macroscelididae	Macroscelidea	J. Sci. Math. Phys. Nat. Lisboa, ser. 1 vol.7 p.159		fischeri  Neumann, 1900; usambarae Neumann, 1900; adersi Dollman, 1912.	E Tanzania (including Mafia and Zanzibar); SE Kenya.	IUCN  Endangered.	Two subspecies are listed by Corbet and Hanks (1968:64) and Corbet (1974:2). Kingdon (1974a:41) considered petersi a subspecies of cirnei.	Black and Rufous Elephant Shrew
11200047	Rhynchocyon petersi subsp. petersi	Bocage 1880	SUBSPECIES		petersi	petersi		Rhynchocyon	Macroscelididae	Macroscelidea	J. Sci. Math. Phys. Nat. Lisboa, ser. 1 vol.7 p.159						
11200048	Rhynchocyon petersi subsp. adersi	Dollman 1912	SUBSPECIES		adersi	petersi		Rhynchocyon	Macroscelididae	Macroscelidea							
11400001	Hyracoidea	Huxley 1869	ORDER							Hyracoidea			Hyracea Haeckel, 1895; Hyraciformes Kinman, 1994; Laminungula Gray, 1869; Lamnungia Van der Hoeven, 1858; Lamnunguia Illiger, 1811 [nomen oblitum ]; Procaviata Imamura, 1961.			Traditionally (since Huxley, 1869) the category or rank of "Order" has been used for Hyracoidea. In 1997, McKenna and Bell, following cladistic classification, proposed a new category  "Suborder" for Hyracoidea, in the "Order" Uranotheria McKenna and Bell (1997). For stability I retain the ordinal category, recognizing the cladistic message implied by the McKenna and Bell arrangement.	
11400002	Procaviidae	Thomas 1892	FAMILY						Procaviidae	Hyracoidea	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1892 p.51		Hyracida Haeckel, 1866; Hyracidae Gray, 1821; Procaviinae Whitworth, 1954; Procavioidea Kalandadze and Rautian, 1992.			Hyracidae Gray, 1821, is a group name based on Hyrax Hermann, 1783. Revised by Hahn (1934:207). Roche (1972) retained only Procavia and Dendrohyrax but Hoeck (1978) and Meester et al. (1986:178) retained Procavia, Heterohyrax, and Dendrohyrax as separate genera. A modern key to the genera was developed by Meester et al. (1986).	
11400003	Dendrohyrax	Gray 1868	GENUS					Dendrohyrax	Procaviidae	Hyracoidea	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4 vol.1 p.48	Hyrax arboreus A. Smith, 1827.				A key to species was provided by Jones (1978). Schlitter (1993) followed previous workers in recognizing three species of Tree Hyraxes. The validity of D. validus as a species distinct from D. arboreus was questioned by Bothma (1971, see comments in Schlitter, 1993:373). I briefly examined skeletal and skin specimens of D. arboreus, D. dorsalis, and D. validus at the National Museum of Natural History (Washington D.C.) and at the American Museum of Natural History (New York). Until a detailed study is conducted to evaluate the validity of Dendrohyrax species, I believe that D. arboreus and D. dorsalis may be valid separate species, but D. validus is not.	
11400004	Dendrohyrax arboreus	A. Smith 1827	SPECIES			arboreus		Dendrohyrax	Procaviidae	Hyracoidea	Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol.15 p.468		adersi Kershaw, 1924; adolfi-friederici (Brauer, 1913); bettoni (Thomas and Schwann, 1904); braueri Hahn, 1933; crawshayi (Thomas, 1900); helgei (Lönnberg and Gyldenstolpe, 1925); laikipia Dollman, 1911; mimus (Thomas, 1900); neumanni (Matschie, 1893); ruwenzorii (Neumann, 1902); scheelei (Matschie), 1895; scheffleri (Brauer, 1913); schubotzi (Brauer, 1913); schusteri Brauer, 1917; stuhlmanni (Matschie, 1892); terricola Mollison, 1905; validus True, 1890; vilhelmi (Lönnberg, 1916); vosseleri Brauer, 1917.	Western Cape Prov., Eastern Cape Prov., and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa); Mozambique; Zambia; Malawi; Dem. Rep. Congo; Tanzania to Kenya and Sudan.	IUCN  Vulnerable as D. validus and as D. arboreus South African subpopulation only, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	Includes validus; no subspecies are recognized until detailed study is conducted.	Southern Tree Hyrax.
11400032	Heterohyrax brucei subsp. pumilus	Thomas 1910	SUBSPECIES		pumilus	brucei		Heterohyrax	Procaviidae	Hyracoidea							
13700624	Sorex yukonicus	Dokuchaev 1997	SPECIES			yukonicus	Sorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	J. Mammal. vol.78 p.814			C to SW Alaska.		Subgenus Sorex. Formerly included in minutissimus (Dokuchaev, 1994) but later described as a new species (Dokuchaev, 1997). Subsequently reported from SW Alaska by Peirce and Peirce (2000).	Alaska Tiny Shrew
11400005	Dendrohyrax dorsalis	Fraser 1854 "1855"	SPECIES			dorsalis		Dendrohyrax	Procaviidae	Hyracoidea	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1854 p.99		emini  Thomas, 1887; beniensis Brauer, 1917; brevimaculatus Brauer, 1917; congoensis Brauer, 1917; rubriventer Brauer, 1917; latrator (Thomas, 1910); marmota (Thomas, 1901); nigricans (Peters, 1879); adametzi (Brauer, 1912); tessmanni (Brauer, 1912); zenkeri Brauer, 1914; sylvestris (Temminek, 1853); aschantiensis (Brauer, 1914); stampflii (Jentink, 1886).	West and Central Africa from Senegal, Gambia to N Angola; Bioko (Equatorial Guinea); C and NE Dem. Rep. Congo; N Uganda.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	See Jones (1978, Mammalian Species, 113).	Western Tree Hyrax.
11400006	Dendrohyrax dorsalis subsp. dorsalis	Fraser 1854 "1855"	SUBSPECIES		dorsalis	dorsalis		Dendrohyrax	Procaviidae	Hyracoidea	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1854 p.99						
11400007	Dendrohyrax dorsalis subsp. emini	Thomas 1887	SUBSPECIES		emini	dorsalis		Dendrohyrax	Procaviidae	Hyracoidea							
11400008	Dendrohyrax dorsalis subsp. latrator	Thomas 1910	SUBSPECIES		latrator	dorsalis		Dendrohyrax	Procaviidae	Hyracoidea							
11400009	Dendrohyrax dorsalis subsp. marmota	Thomas 1901	SUBSPECIES		marmota	dorsalis		Dendrohyrax	Procaviidae	Hyracoidea							
11400010	Dendrohyrax dorsalis subsp. nigricans	Peters 1879	SUBSPECIES		nigricans	dorsalis		Dendrohyrax	Procaviidae	Hyracoidea							
11400011	Dendrohyrax dorsalis subsp. sylvestris	Temminek 1853	SUBSPECIES		sylvestris	dorsalis		Dendrohyrax	Procaviidae	Hyracoidea							
11400012	Heterohyrax	Gray 1868	GENUS					Heterohyrax	Procaviidae	Hyracoidea	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4 vol.1 p.50	Dendrohyrax blainvillii Gray, 1868 (= Hyrax brucei Gray, 1868).				Included as a subgenus of Dendrohyrax by Roche (1972).	
11900023	Tupaia longipes subsp. longipes	Thomas 1893	SUBSPECIES		longipes	longipes		Tupaia	Tupaiidae	Scandentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.11 p.343						
11900057	Tupaia tana subsp. kelabit	Davies 1958	SUBSPECIES		kelabit	tana		Tupaia	Tupaiidae	Scandentia							
11400013	Heterohyrax brucei	Gray 1868	SPECIES			brucei		Heterohyrax	Procaviidae	Hyracoidea	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4 vol.1 p.44		blainvillii (Gray, 1868); irroratus (Gray, 1869); albipes Hollister, 1922; antineae Heim de Balsac and Bégouen, 1932; bakeri (Gray, 1874); bocagei (Gray, 1869); grayi (Bocage, 1889); chapini (Hatt, 1933); dieseneri Brauer, 1917; frommi (Brauer, 1913); granti (Wroughton, 1910); hindei (Wroughton, 1910); maculata (Osgood, 1910); hoogstraali Setzer, 1956; kempi (Thomas, 1910); lademanni Brauer, 1917; manningi (Wroughton, 1910); mossambicus (Peters, 1870); muenzneri (Brauer, 1913); ruckwaensis Brauer, 1917; princeps (Thomas, 1910); arboricola Brauer, 1917; prittwitzi Brauer, 1917; pumilus (Thomas, 1910); ruddi (Wroughton, 1910); rhodesiae Roberts, 1946; rudolfi (Thomas, 1910); borana (Lönnberg, 1912); somalicus (Thomas, 1892); hararensis Brauer, 1917; webensis Brauer, 1917; ssongeae Brauer, 1917; thomasi (Neumann, 1901); victorianjansae Brauer, 1917.	Egypt to Somalia to southern Africa to WC Angola, with pockets in C Sahara.	IUCN  Vulnerable as H	See Barry and Shoshani (2000, Mammalian Species, 645).	Yellow-spotted Rock Hyrax.
11400014	Heterohyrax brucei subsp. brucei	Gray 1868	SUBSPECIES		brucei	brucei		Heterohyrax	Procaviidae	Hyracoidea	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4 vol.1 p.44						
11400015	Heterohyrax brucei subsp. albipes	Hollister 1922	SUBSPECIES		albipes	brucei		Heterohyrax	Procaviidae	Hyracoidea							
11400016	Heterohyrax brucei subsp. antineae	Heim de Balsac and Bégouen 1932	SUBSPECIES		antineae	brucei		Heterohyrax	Procaviidae	Hyracoidea							
11400017	Heterohyrax brucei subsp. bakeri	Gray 1874	SUBSPECIES		bakeri	brucei		Heterohyrax	Procaviidae	Hyracoidea							
11400018	Heterohyrax brucei subsp. bocagei	Gray 1869	SUBSPECIES		bocagei	brucei		Heterohyrax	Procaviidae	Hyracoidea							
11400019	Heterohyrax brucei subsp. chapini	Hatt 1933	SUBSPECIES		chapini	brucei		Heterohyrax	Procaviidae	Hyracoidea							
11400020	Heterohyrax brucei subsp. dieseneri	Brauer 1917	SUBSPECIES		dieseneri	brucei		Heterohyrax	Procaviidae	Hyracoidea							
11400021	Heterohyrax brucei subsp. frommi	Brauer 1913	SUBSPECIES		frommi	brucei		Heterohyrax	Procaviidae	Hyracoidea							
11400022	Heterohyrax brucei subsp. granti	Wroughton 1910	SUBSPECIES		granti	brucei		Heterohyrax	Procaviidae	Hyracoidea							
11400023	Heterohyrax brucei subsp. hindei	Wroughton 1910	SUBSPECIES		hindei	brucei		Heterohyrax	Procaviidae	Hyracoidea							
11400024	Heterohyrax brucei subsp. hoogstraali	Setzer 1956	SUBSPECIES		hoogstraali	brucei		Heterohyrax	Procaviidae	Hyracoidea							
11400025	Heterohyrax brucei subsp. kempi	Thomas 1910	SUBSPECIES		kempi	brucei		Heterohyrax	Procaviidae	Hyracoidea							
11400026	Heterohyrax brucei subsp. lademanni	Brauer 1917	SUBSPECIES		lademanni	brucei		Heterohyrax	Procaviidae	Hyracoidea							
11400027	Heterohyrax brucei subsp. manningi	Wroughton 1910	SUBSPECIES		manningi	brucei		Heterohyrax	Procaviidae	Hyracoidea							
11400028	Heterohyrax brucei subsp. mossambicus	Peters 1870	SUBSPECIES		mossambicus	brucei		Heterohyrax	Procaviidae	Hyracoidea							
11400033	Heterohyrax brucei subsp. ruddi	Wroughton 1910	SUBSPECIES		ruddi	brucei		Heterohyrax	Procaviidae	Hyracoidea							
11400034	Heterohyrax brucei subsp. rudolfi	Thomas 1910	SUBSPECIES		rudolfi	brucei		Heterohyrax	Procaviidae	Hyracoidea							
11400035	Heterohyrax brucei subsp. somalicus	Thomas 1892	SUBSPECIES		somalicus	brucei		Heterohyrax	Procaviidae	Hyracoidea							
11400036	Heterohyrax brucei subsp. ssongeae	Brauer 1917	SUBSPECIES		ssongeae	brucei		Heterohyrax	Procaviidae	Hyracoidea							
11400037	Heterohyrax brucei subsp. thomasi	Neumann 1901	SUBSPECIES		thomasi	brucei		Heterohyrax	Procaviidae	Hyracoidea							
11400038	Heterohyrax brucei subsp. victorianjansae	Brauer 1917	SUBSPECIES		victorianjansae	brucei		Heterohyrax	Procaviidae	Hyracoidea							
11400039	Procavia	Storr 1780	GENUS					Procavia	Procaviidae	Hyracoidea	Prodr. Meth. Mamm. p.40	Cavia capensis Pallas, 1766.	Euhyrax Gray, 1868; Hyrax Hermann, 1783; Procauia Storr, 1780.			See Bothma (1971), McKenna and Bell (1997).	
11700007	Dasypus kappleri subsp. kappleri	Krauss 1862	SUBSPECIES		kappleri	kappleri		Dasypus	Dasypodidae	Cingulata	Archiv Naturgesch. vol.28 1 p.20						
11700008	Dasypus kappleri subsp. pastasae	Thomas 1901	SUBSPECIES		pastasae	kappleri		Dasypus	Dasypodidae	Cingulata							
11700023	Chaetophractus	Fitzinger 1871	GENUS					Chaetophractus	Dasypodidae	Cingulata	Sitzb. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wein vol.64 1 p.268	Dasypus villosus (Desmarest, 1804) by subsequent designation (Yepes, 1928).	Dasyphractus  Fitzinger, 1871.			Formerly included in Euphractus (see Wetzel, 1985b).	
11800002	FOLIVORA	Delsuc, Catzeflis, Stanhope, and Douzery 2001	SUBORDER							Pilosa						Use of Folivora follows recommendation by Delsuc et al. (2001:1606). McKenna and Bell (1997) used Phyllophaga Owen, 1842, for this suborder.	
11400040	Procavia capensis	Pallas 1766	SPECIES			capensis		Procavia	Procaviidae	Hyracoidea	Misc. Zool. p.30		albaniensis  Roberts, 1946; chiversi Roberts, 1937; coombsi Roberts, 1924; griquae Roberts, 1946; klaverensis Roberts, 1946; letabae Roberts, 1937; marlothi Brauer 1914; natalensis Roberts, 1924; orangiae Roberts, 1937; reuningi Brauer 1914; schultzei Brauer 1914; semicircularis (Gray, 1869); vanderhorsti Roberts, 1946; waterbergensis Brauer 1914; windhuki Brauer 1914; bamendae Brauer, 1913; capillosa Brauer, 1917; erlangeri Neumann, 1901; comata Brauer, 1917; habessinicus (Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1832); abyssinicus (Gray, 1868); alpini (Gray, 1868); ferrugineus (Gray, 1869); luteogaster (Gray, 1869); meneliki Neumann, 1902; jacksoni Thomas, 1900; varians Granvik, 1925; daemon Thomas, 1910; jayakari Thomas, 1892; johnstoni Thomas, 1894; kerstingi Matschie, 1899; elberti Brauer, 1917; goslingi Thomas, 1905; ituriensis Brauer, 1917; kamerunensis Brauer, 1913; lopesi Thomas and Wroughton, 1907; naumanni Brauer, 1917; oweni Thomas, 1911; mackinderi Thomas, 1900; zelotes Osgood, 1910; matschiei Neumann, 1900; pallida Thomas, 1891; minor Thomas, 1892; ruficeps (Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1832); bounhioli Kollman, 1912; buchanani Thomas and Hinton, 1921; burtonii (Gray, 1868); dongolanus (Blanford, 1870); ebneri Wettstein, 1916; latastei Thomas, 1892; marrensis Thomas and Hinton, 1923; slatini Sassi, 1906; scioanus (Giglioli, 1888); butleri Wroughton, 1911; shoana Thomas 1892; sharica Thomas and Wroughton, 1907; melfica Mertens, 1929; syriacus (Schreber, 1784); ehrenbergi Brauer, 1917; schmitzi Brauer 1917; sinaiticus (Gray, 1868); welwitschii (Gray, 1868); flavimaculata Brauer, 1917; otjiwarongensis (Roberts, 1946); tsumebensis (Roberts, 1946); volkmanni Brauer, 1914.	Sub-Saharan and NE Africa (a line from Senegal through S Algeria and Libya, Egypt to southern most tip of Africa), portion of the Levant (Syria, Lebanon, Turkey, Israel), and the Arabian peninsula (Saudi Arabia, Yemen); isolated mountains in Algeria and Libya.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	See Allen (1939), Meester et al. (1986), Olds and Shoshani (1982, Mammalian Species, 171).	Rock Hyrax.
11400041	Procavia capensis subsp. capensis	Pallas 1766	SUBSPECIES		capensis	capensis		Procavia	Procaviidae	Hyracoidea	Misc. Zool. p.30						
11400042	Procavia capensis subsp. bamendae	Brauer 1913	SUBSPECIES		bamendae	capensis		Procavia	Procaviidae	Hyracoidea							
11400043	Procavia capensis subsp. capillosa	Brauer 1917	SUBSPECIES		capillosa	capensis		Procavia	Procaviidae	Hyracoidea							
11400044	Procavia capensis subsp. erlangeri	Neumann 1901	SUBSPECIES		erlangeri	capensis		Procavia	Procaviidae	Hyracoidea							
11400045	Procavia capensis subsp. habessinicus	Hemprich and Ehrenberg 1832	SUBSPECIES		habessinicus	capensis		Procavia	Procaviidae	Hyracoidea							
11400046	Procavia capensis subsp. jacksoni	Thomas 1900	SUBSPECIES		jacksoni	capensis		Procavia	Procaviidae	Hyracoidea							
11400047	Procavia capensis subsp. jayakari	Thomas 1892	SUBSPECIES		jayakari	capensis		Procavia	Procaviidae	Hyracoidea							
11400048	Procavia capensis subsp. johnstoni	Thomas 1894	SUBSPECIES		johnstoni	capensis		Procavia	Procaviidae	Hyracoidea							
11400049	Procavia capensis subsp. kerstingi	Matschie 1899	SUBSPECIES		kerstingi	capensis		Procavia	Procaviidae	Hyracoidea							
11400050	Procavia capensis subsp. mackinderi	Thomas 1900	SUBSPECIES		mackinderi	capensis		Procavia	Procaviidae	Hyracoidea							
11400051	Procavia capensis subsp. matschiei	Neumann 1900	SUBSPECIES		matschiei	capensis		Procavia	Procaviidae	Hyracoidea							
11400052	Procavia capensis subsp. pallida	Thomas 1891	SUBSPECIES		pallida	capensis		Procavia	Procaviidae	Hyracoidea							
11400053	Procavia capensis subsp. ruficeps	Hemprich and Ehrenberg 1832	SUBSPECIES		ruficeps	capensis		Procavia	Procaviidae	Hyracoidea							
11400054	Procavia capensis subsp. scioanus	Giglioli 1888	SUBSPECIES		scioanus	capensis		Procavia	Procaviidae	Hyracoidea							
11400055	Procavia capensis subsp. sharica	Thomas and Wroughton 1907	SUBSPECIES		sharica	capensis		Procavia	Procaviidae	Hyracoidea							
11400056	Procavia capensis subsp. syriacus	Schreber 1784	SUBSPECIES		syriacus	capensis		Procavia	Procaviidae	Hyracoidea							
11400057	Procavia capensis subsp. welwitschii	Gray 1868	SUBSPECIES		welwitschii	capensis		Procavia	Procaviidae	Hyracoidea							
11700020	Euphractinae	Winge 1923	SUBFAMILY						Dasypodidae	Cingulata	Pattedyr-Slægter vol.1 p.304						
11800041	Myrmecophaga tridactyla subsp. centralis	Lyon 1906	SUBSPECIES		centralis	tridactyla		Myrmecophaga	Myrmecophagidae	Pilosa							
11500001	Proboscidea	Illiger 1811	ORDER							Proboscidea			Proboscidiae Gray, 1821; Probosciformes Kinman, 1994.			Traditionally (since Illiger, 1811) the category or rank of "Order" has been used for Proboscidea. In 1997 McKenna, Bell et al., following cladistic classification, proposed a new category  "Parvorder" for PROBOSCIDEA. For stability I retained the ordinal category, even though the category parvorder conveys a cladistic message.	
11500002	Elephantidae	Gray 1821	FAMILY						Elephantidae	Proboscidea	London Med. Repos. vol.15 p.305		Elephantida Haeckel, 1866.			Revised by Maglio (1973).	
11500003	Elephas	Linnaeus 1758	GENUS					Elephas	Elephantidae	Proboscidea	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.33	Elephas maximus Linnaeus, 1758	Elephantus  É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and Cuvier, 1795 [not Cuvier and Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire].				
11600004	Dugong	Lacépède 1799	GENUS					Dugong	Dugongidae	Sirenia	Tab. Div. Subd. Orders Genres Mammiféres vol.14 p.17	Dugong indicus Lacépède, 1799 (= Trichechus dugon Müller, 1776).	Amblychilus  Fischer von Waldheim, 1814; Dugongidus Gray, 1821; Dugungus Tiedemann, 1808; Halicore Illiger, 1811; Platystomus G. Fischer, 1803.			See Husar (1978, Mammalian Species, 88), McKenna and Bell (1997). Halicora Fleming, 1822 is an incorrect subsequent spelling of Halicore Illiger.	
11700024	Chaetophractus nationi	Thomas 1894	SPECIES			nationi		Chaetophractus	Dasypodidae	Cingulata	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.13 p.70			Bolivian departments of La Paz, Oruro, and Potosí.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Vulnerable.	Distribution and status uncertain, may be a subspecies of vellerosus (see Wetzel, 1985b).	Andean Hairy Armadillo
11600005	Dugong dugon	Müller 1776	SPECIES			dugon		Dugong	Dugongidae	Sirenia	Linne's Vollstand. Natursyst. Suppl. p.21		australis (Retzius, 1794); cetacea (Illiger, 1815); dugong (Gmelin, 1788); dugung (Erxleben, 1777); hemprichii (Ehrenberg, 1832); indicus (Boddaert, 1785); lottum (Ehrenberg, 1832); malayana (Owen, 1875) [nomen nudum; lapsus?, see Domming, 1996]; syren (Brookes, 1828); tabernaculi (Rüppell, 1834).	Tropical coastal waters of Indian and W Pacific Oceans.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered except in Palau, where it is Proposed Endangered; IUCN  Vulnerable.	Reviewed by Husar (1978, Mammalian Species, 88).	Dugong
11500004	Elephas maximus	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			maximus		Elephas	Elephantidae	Proboscidea	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.33		asiaticus Blumenbach, 1797; ceylanicus de Blainville, 1845; zeylanicus Lydekker 1907; vilaliya Deraniyagala, 1939; indicus Cuvier, 1798; asurus Deraniyagala, 1950; bengalensis de Blainville, 1845; birmanicus Deraniyagala, 1951; borneensis Deraniyagala, 1950; dakhunensis Deraniyagala, 1950; dauntela Falconer and Cautley 1847; gigas Perry, 1811; heterodactylus Hodgson, 1841 [nomen nudum]; hirsutus Lydekker 1914; isodactylus Hodgson, 1841 [nomen nudum]; mukna Falconer and Cautley, 1847; persicus Deraniyagala, 1950; ruber Deraniyagala, 1951; rubridens Deraniyagala 1950; sichiaoshanensis Wang J-k, 1978; sondaicus Deraniyagala, 1953; sumatranus Temminck, 1847.	Thirteen countries in SE Asia from India in the west to Borneo in the east.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA and IUCN  Endangered.	See Shoshani and Eisenberg (1982, Mammalian Species, 182), who identified three subspecies of the Asian elephant: E. m. sumatranus from the island of Sumatra, E. m. indicus from mainland Asia, and E. m. maximus from the island of Sri Lanka. See also Deraniyagala (1955). Colin Groves (pers. comm., 2002) suggested that based on small measurements and restricted ear depigmentation, the Malay elephant (hirsutus Lydekker 1914) and the Borneo elephant (borneensis Deraniyagala, 1950) should be synonyms of sumatranus Temminck, 1847. Similarly, based on geographic grounds, the Javan elephant (sondaicus Deraniyagala, 1953) should be a synonym of sumatranus Temminck, 1847. This is not followed because the Sumatran elephant is distinguished from other Asian subspecies by its 20 instead of 19 pairs of ribs. In addition, the elephants of Borneo are believed to be feral descendants introduced in the 1750s (details in Shoshani and Eisenberg, 198... [truncated]	Asian Elephant
11500005	Elephas maximus subsp. maximus	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		maximus	maximus		Elephas	Elephantidae	Proboscidea	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.33						
11500006	Elephas maximus subsp. indicus	Cuvier 1798	SUBSPECIES		indicus	maximus		Elephas	Elephantidae	Proboscidea							
11500007	Elephas maximus subsp. sumatranus	Temminck 1847	SUBSPECIES		sumatranus	maximus		Elephas	Elephantidae	Proboscidea							
11500008	Loxodonta	Anonymous 1827	GENUS					Loxodonta	Elephantidae	Proboscidea	Zoology J. vol.3 p.140	Elephas africanus Blumenbach, 1797.	Loxodon Falconer, 1857.			The spelling in the original publication was "Loxodonte" [F. Cuvier, 1825, in E. Geoffroy St.-Hilaire and F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mammifères, 3(52):2]. "Loxodonte" was latinized in 1827 (author unknown) to read Loxodonta, and has been accepted in his form. Following Article 11 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1999), the format of "Loxodonta Anonymous, 1827" is accepted. See Laursen and Bekoff (1978, Mammalian Species, 92) and Deraniyagala (1955).	
11500009	Loxodonta africana	Blumenbach 1797	SPECIES			africana		Loxodonta	Elephantidae	Proboscidea	Handb. Naturgesch., 5th ed. p.125		angolensis Frade, 1928; berbericus Seurat, 1930 [nomen nudum]; capensis (G. Cuvier, 1798); cavendishi (Lydekker, 1907); cornaliae (Aradas, 1870); hannibali Deraniyagala, 1953 [nomen nudum]; knochenhaueri (Matschie, 1900); mocambicus (Frade, 1924); orleansi (Lydekker, 1907); oxyotis Matschie, 1900; peeli (Lydekker, 1907); pharaohensis Deraniyagala, 1948; rothschildi (Lydekker, 1907); selousi (Lydekker, 1907); toxotis (Lydekker, 1907); typicus Blumenbach, 1797; zukowskyi Strand, 1924.	Sub-Saharan, except C and W coast of Africa, including 30 countries from Senegal in the west to Somalia in the east.	CITES  Appendix II for Botswana, Namibia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe, Appendix I for other African countries; U.S. ESA  Threatened; IUCN  Endangered.	See Laursen and Bekoff (1978, Mammalian Species, 92) and Deraniyagala (1955). The name cornaliae (Aradas, 1870) is based on a Loxodonta molar from Catania, Sicily, and inferentially was a Carthaginian import (C. Groves, pers comm., 2002). The North African names (berbericus, hannibali, pharaohensis) were placed in this synonymy instead of under L. cyclotis per suggestion of Colin Groves (pers. comm., 2002).	African Bush Elephant
11800014	Bradypus variegatus subsp. infuscatus	Wagler 1831	SUBSPECIES		infuscatus	variegatus		Bradypus	Bradypodidae	Pilosa							
11500010	Loxodonta cyclotis	Matschie 1900	SPECIES			cyclotis		Loxodonta	Elephantidae	Proboscidea	Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin p.194		albertensis (Lydekker, 1907); cottoni (Lydekker, 1908); fransseni (Schouteden, 1914); pumilio (Noack, 1906).	C and W coast of Africa, including 21 countries from Senegal in the west to Uganda in the east.	CITES  Appendix I (as included in L. africana); U.S. ESA  Threatened (as included in L. africana); IUCN  Endangered (as included in L. africana).	See Laursen and Bekoff (1978, Mammalian Species, 92), where cyclotis was treated as a subspecies of L. africana. Grubb et al. (2000) presented morphological and some molecular data in support of upgrading cyclotis to a species category, separate species from africana, corroborating earlier hypothesis that Loxodonta cyclotis and L. africana are distinct species. Further, Grubb et al. (2000) supported the hypothesis that L. cyclotis is morphologically more primitive than L. africana. Roca et al. (2001) provided genetic evidence for two species in Africa. Evidence provided by Debruyne (2003), however, suggests that the African Forest Elephant and the African Bush Elephant are only subspecifically distinct  this taxonomic question has not yet been resolved.	African Forest Elephant
11800046	Tamandua mexicana subsp. opistholeuca	Gray 1873	SUBSPECIES		opistholeuca	mexicana		Tamandua	Myrmecophagidae	Pilosa							
11600001	Sirenia	Illiger 1811	ORDER							Sirenia			Halobioidea Ameghino, 1889; Herbivorae Gray, 1821; Phycoceta Haeckel, 1866; Sirenoidea van Beneden, 1855; Sireniformes Kinman, 1994; Trichechiformes Hay, 1923.			Traditionally (since Illiger, 1811) the category or rank of "Order" has been used for Sirenia. In 1997 McKenna and Bell, following cladistic classification, proposed a new category  "Infraorder" for Sirenia, in the "Suborder" Tethytheria McKenna, 1975, "Order" Uranotheria McKenna and Bell, 1997. For stability I retained the ordinal category, even though infraorder category conveys a cladistic message. For thorough index, complete synonymy, and bibliography of Sirenia, see Domning (1996).	
11600002	Dugongidae	Gray 1821	FAMILY						Dugongidae	Sirenia	London Med. Repos. vol.15 p.309		Halicoridae Gray, 1825. See McKenna and Bell (1997).				
11600003	Dugonginae	Gray 1821	SUBFAMILY						Dugongidae	Sirenia	London Med. Repos. vol.15 p.309						
11600006	Hydrodamalinae	Palmer 1895	SUBFAMILY						Dugongidae	Sirenia	Science, n.s. vol.2 40 p.450						
11600007	Hydrodamalis	Retzius 1794	GENUS					Hydrodamalis	Dugongidae	Sirenia	K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl. Stockholm vol.15 p.292	Hydrodamalis Stelleri Retzius, 1794 (= Manati gigas Zimmermann, 1780).	Haligyna  Billberg, 1827 [see Doming, 1996]; Manati Zimmermann, 1780; Nepus Fischer von Waldheim, 1814; Rytina Illiger, 1811; Sirene Link, 1794; Stellera Bowdich, 1821; Stellerus Desmarest, 1822.			See Domning (1978, 1996), McKenna and Bell (1997). Rhytina Berthold, 1827 is an unjustified emendation of Rytina Illiger, and Rhytine Burmeister, 1837 is an emendation of Rhytina.	
11600008	Hydrodamalis gigas	Zimmermann 1780	SPECIES			gigas		Hydrodamalis	Dugongidae	Sirenia	Geogr. Gesch. Mensch. Vierf. Thiere vol.2 p.426		balaenurus (Boddaert, 1785); borealis (Gmelin, 1788); cetacea (Illiger, 1815); stelleri Retzius, 1794.	Known only from the Commander Isls, Bering Sea.	IUCN  Extinct.	See Forsten and Youngman (1982, Mammalian Species, 165), Domning (1978, 1996).	Steller's Sea Cow
11600009	Trichechidae	Gill 1872	FAMILY						Trichechidae	Sirenia	Smithson. Misc. Coll. vol.11 1 p.14		Manatida, Haeckel, 1866; Manatidae Gray, 1821; Manatina C. L. Bonaparte, 1837; Manatoidea Gill, 1872; Trichechoidea, Giebel, 1847; Trichecida, Haeckel, 1866.			See Domning (1996). McKenna and Bell (1997:496) listed "Giebel, 1847" as the author and year for Trichechidae; Susan Bell (pers. comm., 2002) confirmed that Gill, 1872 is the correct entry.	
11600010	Trichechus	Linnaeus 1758	GENUS					Trichechus	Trichechidae	Sirenia	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.34	Trichechus manatus Linnaeus, 1758.	Halipaedisca Gistel, 1848; Manatus Brünnich, 1771; Oxystomus G. Fischer von Waldheim, 1803; Trichecus Owken, 1816.			Revised by Hatt (1934a); evolutionary history summarized by Domning (1982). See McKenna and Bell (1997); Susan Bell (pers. comm., 2002) confirmed that Brünnich, 1771 is the correct authority for Manatus.	
11600011	Trichechus inunguis	Natterer 1883	SPECIES			inunguis		Trichechus	Trichechidae	Sirenia	In Pelzeln, Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien vol.33 p.89			Amazon basin of Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, and Peru.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Vulnerable.	Reviewed by Husar (1977, Mammalian Species, 72).	Amazonian Manatee
11600012	Trichechus manatus	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			manatus		Trichechus	Trichechidae	Sirenia	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.34		amazonius Shaw, 1800; americanus Link, 1795; antillarum Link, 1795; clusii (Pennant, 1793); fluviatilis (Olfers, 1818); guyannensis (Bechstein, 1800); koellikeri (Kükenthal, 1887); latirostris (Harlan, 1824); minor (Daudin, 1802); oronocensis (Bechstein, 1800).	Caribbean coastal areas and river systems from Virginia, USA to Espírito Santo, Brazil.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Vulnerable.	See Domning (1981, 1996); reviewed by Husar (1978, Mammalian Species, 93).	West Indian Manatee
11600013	Trichechus senegalensis	Link 1795	SPECIES			senegalensis		Trichechus	Trichechidae	Sirenia	Beitr. Naturgesch. vol.1 2 p.209		australis Gmelin, 1788; nasutus (Wyman, 1848); oweni (Du Chaillu, 1861); sphaerurus (Illiger, 1815); stroggylonurus (Bechstein, 1800); vogelii (Owen, 1856).	Coastal W Africa including river systems from Angola to Senegal.	CITES  Appendix II; U.S. ESA  Threatened; IUCN  Vulnerable.	Reviewed by Husar (1978, Mammalian Species, 89). Trichechus Manatus australis Gmelin, 1788 is a partial synonym, that was restricted to the African manatee by Shaw (1800) and Hatt (1934a); see Domning (1996).	African Manatee
11700001	Cingulata	Illiger 1811	ORDER							Cingulata						Included in Xenarthra by Gardner (1993); reviewed as part of Xenarthra by Kraft (1995).	
11800015	Bradypus variegatus subsp. trivittatus	Cornalia 1849	SUBSPECIES		trivittatus	variegatus		Bradypus	Bradypodidae	Pilosa							
11700002	Dasypodidae	Gray 1821	FAMILY						Dasypodidae	Cingulata	London Med. Repos. vol.15 p.305					Wetzel (1985b) divided the Dasypodidae into two subfamilies: Chlamyphorinae (monotypic) and Dasypodinae (with four tribes: Dasypodini, Euphractini, Priodontini, and Tolypeutini). McKenna and Bell (1997) divided Wetzels Dasypodidae into three subfamilies: Dasypodinae (monotypic), Euphractinae (with tribes Chlamyphorini and Euphractini), and Tolypeutinae (with tribes Tolypeutini and Priodontini).	
11700003	Dasypodinae	Gray 1821	SUBFAMILY						Dasypodidae	Cingulata	London Med. Repos. vol.15 p.305						
11700004	Dasypus	Linnaeus 1758	GENUS					Dasypus	Dasypodidae	Cingulata	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.50	Dasypus novemcinctus Linnaeus, 1758, by Linnaean tautonomy.	Cachicamus  McMurtrie, 1831; Cataphractus Storr, 1780; Cryptophractus Fitzinger, 1856; Hyperoambon Peters, 1864; Loricatus Desmarest, 1804; Muletia Gray, 1874; Praopus Burmeister, 1854; Tatu Blumenbach, 1779; Tatusia Lesson, 1827; Zonoplites Gloger, 1841.			Reviewed by Wetzel (1985b) and Wetzel and Mondolfi (1979).	
11800047	Tamandua mexicana subsp. punensis	J. A. Allen 1916	SUBSPECIES		punensis	mexicana		Tamandua	Myrmecophagidae	Pilosa							
11700005	Dasypus hybridus	Desmarest 1804	SPECIES			hybridus		Dasypus	Dasypodidae	Cingulata	Tabl. Meth. Hist. Nat., in Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat. vol.24 p.28		auritus  (Olfers, 1818); brevicaudus Larrañaga, 1923.	Argentina, Paraguay, and S Brazil south to Río Negro, Argentina.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Wetzel and Mondolfi (1979) included the Paraguayan paratype of mazzai Yepes, 1933; however, Vizcaíno (1995) included this specimen as a paratype of D. yepesi. Tamayo (1968) said Dasypus undecimcinctus Molina, 1782, was based on a composite of an animal known as "mulita and Cabassous unicinctus. The name undecimcintus Molina is best considered a nomen oblitum.	Southern Long-nosed Armadillo
11700006	Dasypus kappleri	Krauss 1862	SPECIES			kappleri		Dasypus	Dasypodidae	Cingulata	Archiv Naturgesch. vol.28 1 p.20		pentadactylus  Peters, 1864; pastasae (Thomas, 1901); beniensis Lönnberg, 1942; peruvianus Lönnberg, 1928.	Colombia (east of the Andes), Venezuela (south of the Orinoco), Guyana, Surinam, and south through the Amazon Basin of Brazil, Ecuador and Perú to NE Bolivia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Greater Long-nosed Armadillo
11800023	Choloepus hoffmanni subsp. juruanus	Lönnberg 1942	SUBSPECIES		juruanus	hoffmanni		Choloepus	Megalonychidae	Pilosa							
11700009	Dasypus novemcinctus	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			novemcinctus		Dasypus	Dasypodidae	Cingulata	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.51		boliviensis  Gray, 1873; brevirostris (Gray, 1873); leptocephalus (Gray, 1873); longicaudatus Kerr, 1792; longicaudatus Daudin, 1799; longicaudus Wied, 1826; longicaudus Larrañaga, 1923; lundii Fitzinger, 1871; mazzai Yepes, 1933; niger (Desmarest, 1804); niger (Olfers, 1818) [preoccupied]; niger Lichtenstein, 1818 [preoccupied]; octocintus Schreber, 1774; peba Desmarest, 1822; Platycercus (Hensel, 1872); serratus G. Fischer, 1814; uroceras Lund, 1839; aequatorialis Lönnberg, 1913; fenestratus Peters, 1864; granadiana (Gray, 1873); hoplites G. M. Allen, 1911; mexianae (Hagmann, 1908); mexicanus Peters, 1864; davisi Russell, 1953; leptorhynchus Gray, 1873; texanum (Bailey, 1905).	S USA, México, Central and South America to N Argentina, the Lesser Antilles (Grenada), and Trinidad and Tobago.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by McBee and Baker (1982, Mammalian Species, 162).	Nine-banded Armadillo
11700010	Dasypus novemcinctus subsp. novemcinctus	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		novemcinctus	novemcinctus		Dasypus	Dasypodidae	Cingulata	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.51						
11700011	Dasypus novemcinctus subsp. aequatorialis	Lönnberg 1913	SUBSPECIES		aequatorialis	novemcinctus		Dasypus	Dasypodidae	Cingulata							
11700012	Dasypus novemcinctus subsp. fenestratus	Peters 1864	SUBSPECIES		fenestratus	novemcinctus		Dasypus	Dasypodidae	Cingulata							
11700013	Dasypus novemcinctus subsp. hoplites	G. M. Allen 1911	SUBSPECIES		hoplites	novemcinctus		Dasypus	Dasypodidae	Cingulata							
11700014	Dasypus novemcinctus subsp. mexianae	Hagmann 1908	SUBSPECIES		mexianae	novemcinctus		Dasypus	Dasypodidae	Cingulata							
11700015	Dasypus novemcinctus subsp. mexicanus	Peters 1864	SUBSPECIES		mexicanus	novemcinctus		Dasypus	Dasypodidae	Cingulata							
11700016	Dasypus pilosus	Fitzinger 1856	SPECIES			pilosus		Dasypus	Dasypodidae	Cingulata	Versamml. Deutsch. Nat. Arzte, Wien, Tageblatt vol.32 p.123		hirsutus  (Burmeister, 1862).	Known only from the Peruvian Andes in the departments of San Martín, La Libertad, Huánuco, and Junín.	IUCN  Vulnerable.		Hairy Long-nosed Armadillo
11700017	Dasypus sabanicola	Mondolfi 1968	SPECIES			sabanicola		Dasypus	Dasypodidae	Cingulata	Mem. Soc. Cienc. Nat. La Salle vol.27 p.151			Llanos of Venezuela and Colombia.	IUCN  Data Deficient.		Llanos Long-nosed Armadillo
11700018	Dasypus septemcinctus	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			septemcinctus		Dasypus	Dasypodidae	Cingulata	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.51		megalolepis  (Cope, 1889); propalatum (Rhoads, 1894).	Lower Amazon Basin of Brazil to the Gran Chaco of Bolivia, Paraguay, and N Argentina.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Seven-banded Armadillo
11700019	Dasypus yepesi	Vizcaíno 1995	SPECIES			yepesi		Dasypus	Dasypodidae	Cingulata	Mastozool. Trop. vol.2 p.7			Gran Chaco of Paraguay, and N Argentina.		Known from few specimens (Vizcaíno and Giallombardo, 2001), including the paratype of Dasypus mazzai Yepes that Wetzel and Mondolfi (1979) mistakenly said was from Puerto Guaraní, Alto Paraguay, Paraguay.	Yepess Mulita
11700021	Calyptophractus	Fitzinger 1871	GENUS					Calyptophractus	Dasypodidae	Cingulata	Sitzungsber. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien vol.64 p.388	Chlamyphorus retusus Burmeister, 1863, by monotypy.	Burmeisteria  Gray, 1865 [preoccupied].			Recognized by Cabrera (1958) as the genus Burmeisteria Gray, which is preoccupied. The next available name is Calyptophractus, as pointed out by Wetzel (1985b); included under Chlamyphorus by Gardner (1993).	
11700022	Calyptophractus retusus	Burmeister 1863	SPECIES			retusus		Calyptophractus	Dasypodidae	Cingulata	Abhandl. Gesd. Naturf. Halle vol.7 p.167		clorindae  (Yepes, 1939).	Gran Chaco of N Argentina, W Paraguay, and SE Bolivia.	IUCN  Vulnerable as Chlamyphorus retusus.	Commonly listed under Burmeisteria retusa; listed under Chlamyphorus retusus in Wetzels (1985b) review and by Gardner (1993).	Greater Fairy Armadillo
11900024	Tupaia longipes subsp. salatana	Lyon 1913	SUBSPECIES		salatana	longipes		Tupaia	Tupaiidae	Scandentia							
11700025	Chaetophractus vellerosus	Gray 1865	SPECIES			vellerosus		Chaetophractus	Dasypodidae	Cingulata	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1865 p.376		boliviensis  (Grandidier and Neveu-Lemaire, 1908); brevirostris (Fitzinger, 1871); pannosus (Thomas, 1902); desertorum (Krumbiegel, 1940).	Chaco Boreal of Bolivia and Paraguay south to C Argentina and west to the Puna de Tarapacá of Chile.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Screaming Hairy Armadillo
11700026	Chaetophractus vellerosus subsp. vellerosus	Gray 1865	SUBSPECIES		vellerosus	vellerosus		Chaetophractus	Dasypodidae	Cingulata	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1865 p.376						
11700027	Chaetophractus vellerosus subsp. pannosus	Thomas 1902	SUBSPECIES		pannosus	vellerosus		Chaetophractus	Dasypodidae	Cingulata							
11700028	Chaetophractus villosus	Desmarest 1804	SPECIES			villosus		Chaetophractus	Dasypodidae	Cingulata	Tabl. Meth. Hist. Nat., in Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat. vol.24 p.28		octocinctus  (Molina, 1782) [preoccupied]; pilosus (Larrañaga, 1923) [preoccupied].	Gran Chaco of Bolivia, Paraguay, and Argentina south to Santa Cruz, Argentina, and Magallanes, Chile.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Big Hairy Armadillo
11700029	Chlamyphorus	Harlan 1825	GENUS					Chlamyphorus	Dasypodidae	Cingulata	Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. vol.1 p.235	Chlamyphorus truncatus Harlan, 1825, by monotypy.	Chlamydophorus  Wagler, 1830, is an unjustified emendation of Chlamyphorus Harlan; the names Chlamiphorus Contreras, 1973, Chlamydephorus Lenz, 1831, and Chlamydiphorus Bonaparte, 1831, are incorrect subsequent spellings of Chlamyphorus Harlan.				
11700030	Chlamyphorus truncatus	Harlan 1825	SPECIES			truncatus		Chlamyphorus	Dasypodidae	Cingulata	Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. vol.1 p.235		minor  (Lahille, 1895); ornatus (Lahille, 1895); patquiensis Yepes, 1931; typicus (Lahille, 1895).	Argentina.	U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Endangered.		Pink Fairy Armadillo
11700031	Euphractus	Wagler 1830	GENUS					Euphractus	Dasypodidae	Cingulata	Naturliches Syst. Amphibien p.36	Dasypus sexcinctus Linnaeus, 1758, by subsequent designation (Palmer, 1904).	Encoubertus  McMurtrie, 1831; Pseudotroctes Gloger, 1841; Scleropleura Milne-Edwards, 1871.			Moeller (1968) included Chaetophractus and Zaedyus in this genus, contra Wetzel (1985b) whose usage is followed here.	
11700032	Euphractus sexcinctus	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			sexcinctus		Euphractus	Dasypodidae	Cingulata	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.51		mustelinus  Fitzinger, 1871; boliviae (Thomas, 1907); flavimanus (Desmarest, 1804); encoubert (Desmarest, 1822); flavipes (G. Fischer, 1814); gilvipes (Lichtenstein, 1818); poyu (Larrañaga, 1923); setosus (Wied, 1826); bruneti (Milne-Edwards, 1871); tucumanus (Thomas, 1907).	S Surinam and adjacent Brazil as a northern isolated segment; E Brazil to Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, and N Argentina as the main population.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Wetzel (1985b) and Redford and Wetzel (1985, Mammalian Species, 252).	Six-banded Armadillo
11700033	Euphractus sexcinctus subsp. sexcinctus	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		sexcinctus	sexcinctus		Euphractus	Dasypodidae	Cingulata	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.51						
11700034	Euphractus sexcinctus subsp. boliviae	Thomas 1907	SUBSPECIES		boliviae	sexcinctus		Euphractus	Dasypodidae	Cingulata							
11700035	Euphractus sexcinctus subsp. flavimanus	Desmarest 1804	SUBSPECIES		flavimanus	sexcinctus		Euphractus	Dasypodidae	Cingulata							
11700036	Euphractus sexcinctus subsp. setosus	Wied 1826	SUBSPECIES		setosus	sexcinctus		Euphractus	Dasypodidae	Cingulata							
11700037	Euphractus sexcinctus subsp. tucumanus	Thomas 1907	SUBSPECIES		tucumanus	sexcinctus		Euphractus	Dasypodidae	Cingulata							
12400072	Hesperosciurus	Nelson 1899	SUBGENUS				Hesperosciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
11700038	Zaedyus	Ameghino 1889	GENUS					Zaedyus	Dasypodidae	Cingulata	Acta Acad. Nac. Cienc. Cordoba vol.6 p.867	Dasypus minutus Desmarest, 1822 (= Loricatus pichiy Desmarest, 1804), by original designation.				Sometimes considered a subgenus of Euphractus; reviewed by Wetzel (1985b).	
11700039	Zaedyus pichiy	Desmarest 1804	SPECIES			pichiy		Zaedyus	Dasypodidae	Cingulata	Tabl. Meth. Hist. Nat., in Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat. vol.24 p.28		australis  (Larrañaga, 1923); ciliatus (G. Fischer, 1814); fimbriatus (Olfers, 1818); marginatus (Wagler, 1830); patagonicus (Desmarest, 1819); quadricinctus (Molina, 1782) [preoccupied]; caurinus Thomas, 1928; minutus (Desmarest, 1822).	Mendoza, San Luis, and Buenos Aires, Argentina, south through Argentina and E Chile to the Straits of Magellan.	IUCN  Data Deficient.		Pichi
11700040	Zaedyus pichiy subsp. pichiy	Desmarest 1804	SUBSPECIES		pichiy	pichiy		Zaedyus	Dasypodidae	Cingulata	Tabl. Meth. Hist. Nat., in Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat. vol.24 p.28						
11700041	Zaedyus pichiy subsp. caurinus	Thomas 1928	SUBSPECIES		caurinus	pichiy		Zaedyus	Dasypodidae	Cingulata							
11700042	Tolypeutinae	Gray 1865	SUBFAMILY						Dasypodidae	Cingulata	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1865 p.365						
11700043	Cabassous	McMurtrie 1831	GENUS					Cabassous	Dasypodidae	Cingulata	Anim. Kingdom vol.1 p.164	Dasypus unicinctus Linnaeus, 1758, by monotypy.	Arizostus  Gloger, 1841; Lysiurus Ameghino, 1891; Tatoua Gray, 1865; Xenurus Wagler, 1830 [preoccupied]; Ziphila Gray, 1873.			Revised by Wetzel (1980).	
11700044	Cabassous centralis	Miller 1899	SPECIES			centralis		Cabassous	Dasypodidae	Cingulata	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.13 p.4			México (Chiapas) to N Colombia and NW Venezuela.	CITES  Appendix III (Costa Rica); IUCN  Data Deficient.		Northern Naked-tailed Armadillo
11700045	Cabassous chacoensis	Wetzel 1980	SPECIES			chacoensis		Cabassous	Dasypodidae	Cingulata	Ann. Carnegie Mus. vol.49 2 p.335			Gran Chaco of W Paraguay and NW Argentina. Known from Mato Grosso, Brazil, based on one zoological park specimen (Wetzel, 1980).	IUCN  Data Deficient.		Chacoan Naked-tailed Armadillo
11800024	Choloepus hoffmanni subsp. pallescens	Lönnberg 1928	SUBSPECIES		pallescens	hoffmanni		Choloepus	Megalonychidae	Pilosa							
11700046	Cabassous tatouay	Desmarest 1804	SPECIES			tatouay		Cabassous	Dasypodidae	Cingulata	Tabl. Meth. Hist. Nat., in Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat. vol.24 p.28		dasycercus  (G. Fischer, 1814); gymnurus (Olfers, 1818); lugubris (Gray, 1873) [part, see Wetzel, 1985b]; nudicaudus (Lund, 1839).	Uruguay, S Brazil, SE Paraguay, and NE Argentina.	CITES  Appendix III (Uruguay); IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).		Greater Naked-tailed Armadillo
11700047	Cabassous unicinctus	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			unicinctus		Cabassous	Dasypodidae	Cingulata	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.50		duodecimcinctus  (Schreber, 1774); multicinctus (Thunberg, 1818); octodecimcinctus (Erxleben, 1777); verrucosus (Wagner, 1844); squamicaudis (Lund, 1845); hispidus (Burmeister, 1854); latirostris (Gray, 1873); loricatus (Wagner, 1855); lugubris (Gray, 1873) [part, see Wetzel, 1985b].	South America east of the Andes from Colombia to Bolivia and Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Tamayo (1968) said Dasypus undecimcinctus Molina, 1782, was based on a composite of an animal known as "mulita" and Cabassous unicinctus. It is doubtful that unicinctus occurred in NW Argentina (formerly part of Chile) and the name undecimcinctus Molina is best considered a nomen oblitum. The name undecimcinctus Illiger, 1815, is a nomen nudum.	Southern Naked-tailed Armadillo
11700048	Cabassous unicinctus subsp. unicinctus	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		unicinctus	unicinctus		Cabassous	Dasypodidae	Cingulata	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.50						
11700049	Cabassous unicinctus subsp. squamicaudis	Lund 1845	SUBSPECIES		squamicaudis	unicinctus		Cabassous	Dasypodidae	Cingulata							
11700050	Priodontes	F. Cuvier 1825	GENUS					Priodontes	Dasypodidae	Cingulata	Dentes des Mamm. p.257	Dasypus gigas G. Cuvier, 1817 (= Dasypus maximus Kerr, 1792), by monotypy.	Cheloniscus  Wagler, 1830; Polygomphius Gloger, 1841; Priodon McMurtrie, 1831; Prionodos Gray, 1865.			Reviewed by Wetzel (1985b).	
11700051	Priodontes maximus	Kerr 1792	SPECIES			maximus		Priodontes	Dasypodidae	Cingulata	In Linnaeus, Anim. Kingdom p.112		giganteus  (G. Fischer, 1814); gigas (G. Cuvier, 1817); grandis (Olfers, 1818).	South America east of the Andes from N Venezuela and the Guianas south to Bolivia, Paraguay, and N Argentina.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Endangered.		Giant Armadillo
11700052	Tolypeutes	Illiger 1811	GENUS					Tolypeutes	Dasypodidae	Cingulata	Prodr. Syst. Mamm. Avium. p.111	Dasypus tricinctus Linnaeus, 1758, by subsequent designation (Yepes, 1928).	Apara  McMurtrie, 1831; Cheloniscus Gray, 1873 [preoccupied]; Sphaerocormus Fitzinger, 1871; Tolypoides Grandidier and Neveu-Lemaire, 1905.			Reviewed by Wetzel (1985b).	
11800016	Megalonychidae	Ameghino 1889	FAMILY						Megalonychidae	Pilosa	Acta Acad. Nac. Cienc. Cordoba, Buenos Aires vol.6 p.690					Includes Choloepus and approximately 12 genera of extinct sloths, some of which survived to the Holocene on Caribbean islands. Choloepus was formerly included in Bradypodidae (see Hoffstetter, 1969; Patterson and Pascual, 1968a) or Choloepidae (see Honacki et al., 1982). Placed in Megalonychidae by Webb (1985) and Wetzel (1985a).	
11700053	Tolypeutes matacus	Desmarest 1804	SPECIES			matacus		Tolypeutes	Dasypodidae	Cingulata	Tabl. Meth. Hist. Nat., in Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat. vol.24 p.28		apar  (Desmarest, 1822); bicinctus (Grandidier and Neveu-Lemaire, 1905); brachyurus (G. Fischer, 1814); conurus I. Geoffroy, 1847; muriei Garrod, 1878; octodecimcinctus (Molina, 1782) [preoccupied].	E Bolivia and SW Brazil south through the Gran Chaco of Paraguay to Argentina (Buenos Aires).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).		Southern Three-banded Armadillo
11700054	Tolypeutes tricinctus	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			tricinctus		Tolypeutes	Dasypodidae	Cingulata	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.56		globulus  (Olfers, 1818); quadricinctus (Linnaeus, 1758); quadricinctus Olfers, 1818 [preoccupied].	Brazilian states of Bahia, Ceará, Maranhão, Piauí, and Pernambuco; and expected in Goiás (Santos et al., 1994; Olmos, 1995; Oliveira, 1995; Marinho-Filho et al., 1997).	IUCN  Vulnerable; extremely rare (see Silva and Oren, 1993; Santos et al., 1994).		Brazilian Three-banded Armadillo
11800001	Pilosa	Flower 1883	ORDER							Pilosa			Edentata Vicq-d'Azyr, 1792 [part].			Reviewed by Wetzel (1985a) and by Kraft (1995) as part of Xenarthra; formerly included in Xenarthra, which was elevated to magnorder rank by McKenna and Bell (1997).	
11900058	Tupaia tana subsp. kretami	Davies 1962	SUBSPECIES		kretami	tana		Tupaia	Tupaiidae	Scandentia							
11800004	Bradypus	Linnaeus 1758	GENUS					Bradypus	Bradypodidae	Pilosa	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.34	Bradypus tridactylus Linnaeus, 1758, by subsequent designation (Miller and Rehn, 1901).	Acheus  F. Cuvier, 1825; Arctopithecus Gray, 1850 [preoccupied]; Eubradypus Lönnberg, 1942; Hemibradypus Anthony, 1906; Ignavus Blumenbach, 1779; Scaeopus Peters, 1864.			Avila-Pires (in Wetzel and Avila-Pires, 1980) considered Scaeopus a separate genus.	
11800005	Bradypus pygmaeus	Anderson and Handley 2001	SPECIES			pygmaeus		Bradypus	Bradypodidae	Pilosa	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.114 p.17			Known only from Isla Escudo de Veraguas.	Vulnerable.		Pygmy Three-toed Sloth
11800006	Bradypus torquatus	Illiger 1811	SPECIES			torquatus		Bradypus	Bradypodidae	Pilosa	Prodr. Syst. Mamm. Avium p.109		affinis Gray, 1850; crinitus Gray, 1850; cristatus Hamilton-Smith, 1827; mareyi (Anthony, 1907); melanotis Swainson, 1835.	Coastal forests of SE Brazil.	U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Endangered.	Some authors believe erroneously that B. torquatus Illiger, 1811, is a nomen nudum and attribute the name to Desmarest (1816a).	Maned Sloth
11800025	VERMILINGUA	Illiger 1811	SUBORDER							Pilosa							
11800007	Bradypus tridactylus	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			tridactylus		Bradypus	Bradypodidae	Pilosa	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.34		ai  (Lesson, 1827); blainvillii (Gray, 1850); cuculliger Wagler, 1831; cummunis Lesson, 1841; dysonii (Gray, 1869); flaccidus (Gray, 1850); guianensis Blainville, 1840; gularis Rüppell, 1842; smithii (Gray, 1869).	Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Venezuela south of the Orinoco, and N Brazil (south to the Amazonas/Solimões).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Pale-throated Sloth
11800008	Bradypus variegatus	Schinz 1825	SPECIES			variegatus		Bradypus	Bradypodidae	Pilosa	Das Thierreich vol.4 p.510		dorsalis  Fitzinger, 1871; boliviensis (Gray, 1871); beniensis Lönnberg, 1942; brasiliensis Blainville, 1840; ai Wagler, 1831 [preoccupied]; ustus Lesson, 1840; pallidus Wagner, 1844; ephippiger Philippi, 1870; castaneiceps (Gray, 1871); ecuadorianus Spillmann, 1927; griseus (Gray, 1871); ignavus Goldman, 1913; nefandus Spillmann, 1927; violeta Thomas, 1917; gorgon Thomas, 1926; infuscatus Wagler, 1831; brachydactylus Wagner, 1855; codajazensis Lönnberg, 1942; macrodon Thomas, 1917; subjuruanus Lönnberg, 1942; trivittatus Cornalia, 1849; marmoratus (Gray, 1850); miritibae Lönnberg, 1942; problematicus (Gray, 1850); tocantinus Lönnberg, 1942; unicolor Fitzinger, 1871.	Honduras to Colombia, Ecuador, Brazil, W Venezuela, E Perú and Bolivia, Paraguay, and N Argentina.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	The literature contains the following unavailable names: braziliensis Sanderson, 1949 [incorrect subsequent spelling of brasiliensis Blainville]; infumatus Tschudi, 1845 [incorrect subsequent spelling of infuscatus Wagler]; rifuscatus Cornelia, 1849 [incorrect subsequent spelling of infuscatus Wagler]; speculiger Fitzinger, 1871 [nomen nudum].	Brown-throated Sloth
11800009	Bradypus variegatus subsp. variegatus	Schinz 1825	SUBSPECIES		variegatus	variegatus		Bradypus	Bradypodidae	Pilosa	Das Thierreich vol.4 p.510						
11800010	Bradypus variegatus subsp. boliviensis	Gray 1871	SUBSPECIES		boliviensis	variegatus		Bradypus	Bradypodidae	Pilosa							
11800011	Bradypus variegatus subsp. brasiliensis	Blainville 1840	SUBSPECIES		brasiliensis	variegatus		Bradypus	Bradypodidae	Pilosa							
11800012	Bradypus variegatus subsp. ephippiger	Philippi 1870	SUBSPECIES		ephippiger	variegatus		Bradypus	Bradypodidae	Pilosa							
11800013	Bradypus variegatus subsp. gorgon	Thomas 1926	SUBSPECIES		gorgon	variegatus		Bradypus	Bradypodidae	Pilosa							
13700647	Scalopus aquaticus subsp. machrinus	Rafinesque 1832	SUBSPECIES		machrinus	aquaticus		Scalopus	Talpidae	Soricomorpha							
11800017	Choloepus	Illiger 1811	GENUS					Choloepus	Megalonychidae	Pilosa	Prodr. Syst. Mamm. Avium. p.108	Bradypus didactylus Linnaeus, 1758, by subsequent designation (Gray, 1827).	                                       			Reviewed by Wetzel (1985a). The original spelling of Unaues Rafinesque was Unaüs, which required a substitution of ue for ü. The spellings Cholaepus, Chaelopus, and Choelopus of various authors are all incorrect subsequent spellings of Choloepus Illiger. Cholopus Agassiz, 1847, is an invalid emendation of Choloepus Illiger.	
11800018	Choloepus didactylus	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			didactylus		Choloepus	Megalonychidae	Pilosa	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.35		brasiliensis  Fitzinger, 1871; columbianus Gray, 1871; curi (Link, 1795); florenciae J. A. Allen, 1913; guianensis Fitzinger, 1871; kouri (Daudin, 1802); napensis Lönnberg, 1922; unau (Link, 1795).	Guianas and Venezuela (delta and south of Río Orinoco) south into Brazil (Maranhão west along Rio Amazonas/Solimões) and west into upper Amazon Basin of Ecuador and Perú.	IUCN  Data Deficient.	Reviewed by Wetzel and Avila-Pires (1980). Treated here as monotypic; needs revision.	Linnaeuss Two-toed Sloth
12100007	Allocebus trichotis	Günther 1875	SPECIES			trichotis		Allocebus	Cheirogaleidae	Primates	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1875 p.78			E Madagascar, vicinity of Morondava Bay.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA and IUCN  Endangered.		Hairy-eared Dwarf Lemur
11800019	Choloepus hoffmanni	Peters 1858	SPECIES			hoffmanni		Choloepus	Megalonychidae	Pilosa	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1858 p.128		capitalis  J. A. Allen, 1913; florenciae J. A. Allen, 1913; andinus J. A. Allen, 1913; augustinus J. A. Allen, 1913; juruanus Lönnberg, 1942; pallescens Lönnberg, 1928; peruvianus Menegaux, 1906.	Central America (Nicaragua) into South America east to W Venezuela and south to Brazil (Mato Grosso) and E Bolivia.	CITES  Appendix III (Costa Rica); IUCN  Data Deficient.		Hoffmanns Two-toed Sloth
11800020	Choloepus hoffmanni subsp. hoffmanni	Peters 1858	SUBSPECIES		hoffmanni	hoffmanni		Choloepus	Megalonychidae	Pilosa	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1858 p.128		&nbsp; 				
11800021	Choloepus hoffmanni subsp. capitalis	J. A. Allen 1913	SUBSPECIES		capitalis	hoffmanni		Choloepus	Megalonychidae	Pilosa							
11800022	Choloepus hoffmanni subsp. florenciae	J. A. Allen 1913	SUBSPECIES		florenciae	hoffmanni		Choloepus	Megalonychidae	Pilosa							
11800027	Cyclopes	Gray 1821	GENUS					Cyclopes	Cyclopedidae	Pilosa	London Med. Repos. vol.15 p.305	Myrmecophaga didactyla Linnaeus, 1758, by monotypy.	Cyclothurus  Lesson, 1842; Didactyla Liais, 1872; Didactyles F. Cuvier, 1829; Eurypterna Gloger, 1841; Myrmydon Wagler, 1830.				
11800028	Cyclopes didactylus	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			didactylus		Cyclopes	Cyclopedidae	Pilosa	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.35		monodactyla  (Kerr, 1792); unicolor (Desmarest, 1822); catellus Thomas, 1928; codajazensis Lönnberg, 1942; dorsalis (Gray, 1865); eva Thomas, 1902; ida Thomas, 1900; juruanus Lönnberg, 1942; melini Lönnberg, 1928; mexicanus Hollister, 1914.	México (Veracruz and Oaxaca) to Colombia and west of Andes to S Ecuador, east of Andes to Venezuela, Trinidad, Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana, and S Colombia and Venezuela, south to Bolivia (La Paz and Santa Cruz) and Brazil (Acre east to Alagoas).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Silky Anteater
11800029	Cyclopes didactylus subsp. didactylus	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		didactylus	didactylus		Cyclopes	Cyclopedidae	Pilosa	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.35						
11800030	Cyclopes didactylus subsp. catellus	Thomas 1928	SUBSPECIES		catellus	didactylus		Cyclopes	Cyclopedidae	Pilosa							
11800031	Cyclopes didactylus subsp. dorsalis	Gray 1865	SUBSPECIES		dorsalis	didactylus		Cyclopes	Cyclopedidae	Pilosa							
11800032	Cyclopes didactylus subsp. eva	Thomas 1902	SUBSPECIES		eva	didactylus		Cyclopes	Cyclopedidae	Pilosa							
11800033	Cyclopes didactylus subsp. ida	Thomas 1900	SUBSPECIES		ida	didactylus		Cyclopes	Cyclopedidae	Pilosa							
11800034	Cyclopes didactylus subsp. melini	Lönnberg 1928	SUBSPECIES		melini	didactylus		Cyclopes	Cyclopedidae	Pilosa							
11800035	Cyclopes didactylus subsp. mexicanus	Hollister 1914	SUBSPECIES		mexicanus	didactylus		Cyclopes	Cyclopedidae	Pilosa							
11800036	Myrmecophagidae	Gray 1825	FAMILY						Myrmecophagidae	Pilosa	Ann. Philos., n.s. vol.10 p.343						
11800037	Myrmecophaga	Linnaeus 1758	GENUS					Myrmecophaga	Myrmecophagidae	Pilosa	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.35	Myrmecophaga tridactyla Linnaeus, 1758, by subsequent selection (Thomas, 1901a).	Falcifer  Rehn, 1900.				
11800038	Myrmecophaga tridactyla	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			tridactyla		Myrmecophaga	Myrmecophagidae	Pilosa	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.35		jubata  Linnaeus, 1758; artata Osgood, 1912; centralis Lyon, 1906.	Belize and Guatemala through South America to Uruguay and the Gran Chaco of Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Vulnerable.		Giant Anteater
11800039	Myrmecophaga tridactyla subsp. tridactyla	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		tridactyla	tridactyla		Myrmecophaga	Myrmecophagidae	Pilosa	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.35						
11800040	Myrmecophaga tridactyla subsp. artata	Osgood 1912	SUBSPECIES		artata	tridactyla		Myrmecophaga	Myrmecophagidae	Pilosa							
11800042	Tamandua	Gray 1825	GENUS					Tamandua	Myrmecophagidae	Pilosa	Ann. Philos., n.s. vol.10 p.343	Myrmecophaga tamandua G. Cuvier, 1798 (= Tamandua tetradactyla Linnaeus, 1758), by monotypy.	Dryoryx  Gloger, 1841; Tamanduas F. Cuvier, 1829; Uroleptes Wagler, 1830.			Revised by Wetzel (1975).	
11800043	Tamandua mexicana	Saussure 1860	SPECIES			mexicana		Tamandua	Myrmecophagidae	Pilosa	Rev. Mag. Zool. Paris, ser. 2 vol.12 p.9		hesperia  Davis, 1955; tenuirostris J. A. Allen, 1904; instabilis J. A. Allen, 1904; opistholeuca Gray, 1873; chiriquensis J. A. Allen, 1904; sellata (Cope, 1889); tambensis Lönnberg, 1937; punensis J. A. Allen, 1916.	E México (Tamaulipas), Central America, South America to NW Perú and NW Venezuela.	CITES  Appendix III (Guatemala); IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Northern Tamandua
11800044	Tamandua mexicana subsp. mexicana	Saussure 1860	SUBSPECIES		mexicana	mexicana		Tamandua	Myrmecophagidae	Pilosa	Rev. Mag. Zool. Paris, ser. 2 vol.12 p.9						
11800045	Tamandua mexicana subsp. instabilis	J. A. Allen 1904	SUBSPECIES		instabilis	mexicana		Tamandua	Myrmecophagidae	Pilosa							
11900025	Tupaia minor	Günther 1876	SPECIES			minor		Tupaia	Tupaiidae	Scandentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1876 p.426		caedis Chasen and Kloss, 1932; humeralis Robinson and Kloss, 1919; malaccana Anderson, 1879; sincipis Lyon, 1911.	S peninsular Thailand, Malaysia, (Malay Peninsula, Sabah, Sarawak, and Laut), and Indonesia (Kalimantan, Sumatra, Lingga Isls, Banggi and Balambangan).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Arrangement of subspecies follows Corbet (in Corbet and Hill, 1992).	Pygmy Treeshrew
11900026	Tupaia minor subsp. minor	Günther 1876	SUBSPECIES		minor	minor		Tupaia	Tupaiidae	Scandentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1876 p.426						
11800048	Tamandua tetradactyla	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			tetradactyla		Tamandua	Myrmecophagidae	Pilosa	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.35		bivittata  (Desmarest, 1817); brasiliensis Liais, 1872; myosura (Pallas, 1766); nigra (Geoffroy, 1803); crispa (Rüppell, 1842); longicaudata (Wagner, 1844); quichua Thomas, 1927; straminea (Cope, 1889); chapadensis J. A. Allen, 1904; kriegi Krumbiegel, 1940; <u>not allocated to subspecies: </u>longicaudata (Turner, 1853) [preoccupied]; nigra Beaux, 1908 [preoccupied]; opisthomelas Gray, 1873; tamandua (G. Cuvier, 1798).	South America east of the Andes from Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad, and the Guianas, south to Uruguay and N Argentina.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	The names longicaudata, nigra, opisthomelas, and tamandua, cannot be assigned to subspecies with certainty because their type localities are too general.	Southern Tamandua
11800049	Tamandua tetradactyla subsp. tetradactyla	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		tetradactyla	tetradactyla		Tamandua	Myrmecophagidae	Pilosa	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.35						
11800050	Tamandua tetradactyla subsp. nigra	Geoffroy 1803	SUBSPECIES		nigra	tetradactyla		Tamandua	Myrmecophagidae	Pilosa							
11800051	Tamandua tetradactyla subsp. quichua	Thomas 1927	SUBSPECIES		quichua	tetradactyla		Tamandua	Myrmecophagidae	Pilosa							
11800052	Tamandua tetradactyla subsp. straminea	Cope 1889	SUBSPECIES		straminea	tetradactyla		Tamandua	Myrmecophagidae	Pilosa							
11900001	Scandentia	Wagner 1855	ORDER							Scandentia			Scandentiformes, Tupaii, Tupaioidea, Tupayae.			<p>In the past, treeshrews have commonly been considered basal members of the order Primates, or united with macroscelidids in the "insectivoran" clade Menotyphla. However, as a group they have no immediate living relatives and are best classified at ordinal rank (Butler, 1972, 1980; Dene et al., 1978; Luckett, 1980; McKenna and Bell, 1997). At a deeper phylogenetic level, scandentians apparently form a natural group with dermopterans and primates (Murphy et al., 2001b). Representatives of the order are confined to southern, eastern, and SE Asia both currently and in the fossil record, which extends back to the Middle Eocene in east Asia (McKenna and Bell, 1997). Most previous workers have arranged Scandentia as a monofamilial order, but recognition of two families (Tupaiidae and Ptilocercidae) more aptly conveys the anatomical disparity evident among the living treeshrews (see below).</p><p>Despite the attention paid to the higher-level phylogenetic relationships of treeshrews,... [truncated]	
11900002	Tupaiidae	Gray 1825	FAMILY						Tupaiidae	Scandentia	Ann. Philos., n.s. vol.10 p.339		Cladobatae, Cladobatidina, Cladobatida, Cladobatina, Glisoricina, Glisoricinae, Tupaina, Tupaiadae, Tupajidae, Tupayae, Tupayidae.			See Elliott (1971), Luckett (1980), and Emmons and Greene (2000) for references pertaining to tree shrew biology. For more detailed data on the distribution of tupaiid species on small islands on the Sunda Shelf, see Corbet (in Corbet and Hill, 1992).	
11900003	Anathana	Lyon 1913	GENUS					Anathana	Tupaiidae	Scandentia	Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus. vol.45 p.120	Tupaia ellioti Waterhouse, 1850.				Anathanaand Tupaia are closely allied.	
11900038	Tupaia nicobarica subsp. nicobarica	Zelebor 1869	SUBSPECIES		nicobarica	nicobarica		Tupaia	Tupaiidae	Scandentia	Reise Oesterr. Fregatte Nov. Zool. vol.1(Wirbelth.) 1(Säugeth.) p.17, pl. 1						
11900039	Tupaia nicobarica subsp. surda	Miller 1902	SUBSPECIES		surda	nicobarica		Tupaia	Tupaiidae	Scandentia							
12100043	Eulemur macaco subsp. flavifrons	Gray 1867	SUBSPECIES		flavifrons	macaco		Eulemur	Lemuridae	Primates							
11900004	Anathana ellioti	Waterhouse 1849 "1850"	SPECIES			ellioti		Anathana	Tupaiidae	Scandentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1849 p.107		pallida  Lyon, 1913; wroughtoni Lyon, 1913.	India south of the Ganges River.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Museum material of Anathana is very limited. Lyon (1913) named pallida and wroughtoni as full species based on minor pelage differences; Corbet (in Corbet and Hill, 1992) is probably correct in his assumption that these three "intergrade without definable boundaries."	Madras Treeshrew
11900005	Dendrogale	Gray 1848	GENUS					Dendrogale	Tupaiidae	Scandentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1848 p.23	Hylogalea murina Schlegel and Müller, 1843.					
11900006	Dendrogale melanura	Thomas 1892	SPECIES			melanura		Dendrogale	Tupaiidae	Scandentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.9 p.251		baluensis  Lyon, 1913.	Restricted to higher altitudes (above 900 m) in Malaysian N Borneo, including the mountains of NE Sarawak and Mts. Kinabalu and Trus Madi in Sabah.	CITES Appendix II; IUCN  Vulnerable.	Endemic to montane Borneo.	Bornean Smooth-Tailed Treeshrew
11900007	Dendrogale melanura subsp. melanura	Thomas 1892	SUBSPECIES		melanura	melanura		Dendrogale	Tupaiidae	Scandentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.9 p.251						
11900008	Dendrogale melanura subsp. baluensis	Lyon 1913	SUBSPECIES		baluensis	melanura		Dendrogale	Tupaiidae	Scandentia							
11900009	Dendrogale murina	Schlegel and Müller 1843	SPECIES			murina		Dendrogale	Tupaiidae	Scandentia	In Temminck, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Nederland. Overz. Bezitt., Zool. p.p. 167[1845], pls. 26, 27[1843]		frenata  (Gray, 1860).	From E Thailand (Chatraburi and Trat Provinces) through Cambodia to S Vietnam.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Lyon (1913) and Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) discussed the doubtful validity of the original type locality. Archival research at the Naturalis Museum, Leiden corroborates a Vietnamese origin for the holotype of murina (see type locality above).	Northern Smooth-Tailed Treeshrew
11900010	Tupaia	Raffles 1821	GENUS					Tupaia	Tupaiidae	Scandentia	Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol.13 p.256	Tupaia ferruginea Raffles, 1821 (= Sorex glis Diard, 1820).	Chladobates Schinz, 1824; Cladobates F. Cuvier, 1825; Gladobates Schinz, 1824; Glipora Jentink, 1888; Glirisorex Scudder, 1882; Glisorex Desmarest, 1822; Glisosorex Giebel, 1855; Hylogale Temminck, 1827; Hylogalea Schlegel and Mueller, 1843; Lyonogale Conisbee, 1953; Palaeotupaia Chopra and Vasishat, 1979; Sorex-glis É. Geoffroy and F. Cuvier, 1822; Tana Lyon, 1913; Tapaia Gray, 1860; Tupaja Haeckel, 1866; Tupaya É. Geoffroy and F. Cuvier, 1822.				
11900011	Tupaia belangeri	Wagner 1841	SPECIES			belangeri		Tupaia	Tupaiidae	Scandentia	Schrebers Die Säugethiere, Suppl. vol.2 p.42		brunetta Thomas, 1923; clarissa Thomas, 1917; peguanus Lesson, 1842; tenaster Thomas, 1917; chinensis Anderson, 1879; annamensis Robinson and Kloss, 1922; assamensis Wroughton, 1921; cambodiana Kloss, 1919; cochinchinensis Robinson and Kloss, 1922; concolor Bonhote, 1907; dissimilis (Ellis, 1860); gaoligongensis Wang, 1987; gongshanensis Wang, 1987; kohtauensis Shamel, 1930; laotum Thomas, 1914; lepcha Thomas, 1922; modesta J. A. Allen, 1906; olivacea Kloss, 1919; operosa Robinson and Kloss, 1914; pingi Ho, 1936; siccata Thomas, 1914; sinus Kloss, 1916; tonquinia Thomas, 1925; ultima Robinson and Kloss, 1914; versurae Thomas, 1922; yaoshanensis Wang, 1987; yunalis Thomas, 1914.	S and SE Asia north of and including the Isthmus of Kra: Thailand, Burma, Bangladesh, far E India and Nepal, S China, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, and associated coastal islands, including Hainan. Probably also Preparis Isl north of the Andaman Isls (Lyon, 1913:61).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Often included in T. glis, but belangeri differs from glis in pelage coloration, mammae formula, and craniodental aspects. Toder et al (1992) and Hirai et al. (2002) discussed chromosomal differences between belangeri and glis, and Endo et al. (2000) reported their syntopic occurrence at Hat-Yai in S Thailand (south of the Isthmus of Kra). All forms north of this contact zone are referred here to T. belangeri. A careful revision of geographic variation within T. belangeri is needed; I have divided the named forms into belangeri and chinensis groups (which might be better recognized as closely-related parapatric species), but this simplistic arrangement no doubt masks a good deal of taxonomic complexity within these two groups. For additional discussion see Lyon (1913), Agrawal (1975), Lekagul and McNeely (1977), and Wang (1987).	Northern Treeshrew
11900012	Tupaia belangeri subsp. belangeri	Wagner 1841	SUBSPECIES		belangeri	belangeri		Tupaia	Tupaiidae	Scandentia	Schrebers Die Säugethiere, Suppl. vol.2 p.42						
11900013	Tupaia belangeri subsp. chinensis	Anderson 1879	SUBSPECIES		chinensis	belangeri		Tupaia	Tupaiidae	Scandentia							
11900014	Tupaia chrysogaster	Miller 1903	SPECIES			chrysogaster		Tupaia	Tupaiidae	Scandentia	Smithson. Misc. Coll. vol.45 p.58			N and S Pagai Isls, and Sipora (Mentawai Isls, Indonesia). Recorded erroneously from Nias by Lyon (1913:36, 39).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Vulnerable.	A distinctive species readily distinguished from populations of T. glis by pelage coloration and mammae formula. Part of the distinctive endemic mammal fauna of the Mentawai Isls (see account of Leopoldamys siporanus). Does not include siberu and tephrura (from Siberut and the Batu Isls, respectively), synonyms of T. glis.	Golden-bellied Treeshrew
13700648	Scalopus aquaticus subsp. montanus	Baker 1951	SUBSPECIES		montanus	aquaticus		Scalopus	Talpidae	Soricomorpha							
13700649	Scalopus aquaticus subsp. nanus	Davis 1942	SUBSPECIES		nanus	aquaticus		Scalopus	Talpidae	Soricomorpha							
12100001	Primates	Linnaeus 1758	ORDER							Primates						Fully reviewed by Groves (2001c), whose arrangement is followed here, with the addition of some subsequently described species. McKenna and Bell (1997) placed all living Primates in a suborder Euprimates, and reduced Strepsirrhini and Haplorrhini to infraorders; they regarded the Dermoptera as a second suborder of Primates. If Dermoptera are retained as a separate order, as in this volume, the need for Euprimates (in a classification of living taxa) disappears and Strepsirrhini and Haplorrhini revert to suborders.	
12100002	STREPSIRRHINI	É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1812	SUBORDER							Primates						McKenna and Bell (1997) divide the Strepsirrhini into superfamilies Daubentonioidea, Lemuroidea, Loroidea (including Cheirogaleidae) and Indroidea. Evidence that Cheirogaleidae is not related to lorises, and that Indridae is sister-group to Lemuridae, is given by Groves (2001c).	
12100003	LEMURIFORMES	Gray 1821	INFRAORDER							Primates						All Malagasy lemur families, with the possible exception of Daubentoniidae, form a monophyletic clade (reviewed in Groves, 2001c). As the families within this clade themselves fall into two groups, it is convenient to recognize infraorders as well as superfamilies.	
12100004	Cheirogaleoidea	Gray 1872 "1873"	SUPERFAMILY							Primates	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1872 p.849						
12100005	Cheirogaleidae	Gray 1872 "1873"	FAMILY						Cheirogaleidae	Primates	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1872 p.849					Formerly included in Lemuridae. For status of this taxon, see Rumpler (1975) and Groves (2001c), who reviewed and rejected the hypothesis that they may be more closely related to (non-Malagasy) Loriformes than to (Malagasy) Lemuriformes.	
12100006	Allocebus	Petter-Rousseaux and Petter 1967	GENUS					Allocebus	Cheirogaleidae	Primates	Mammalia vol.31 p.574	Cheirogaleus trichotis Günther, 1875.				Previously included in Cheirogaleus, but very distinct.	
12100059	Varecia	Gray 1863	GENUS					Varecia	Lemuridae	Primates	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1863 p.135	Lemur varius É. Geoffroy (= Lemur macaco variegatus Kerr, 1792).				Separated from Lemur by J.-J. Petter (1962).	
11900015	Tupaia dorsalis	Schlegel 1857	SPECIES			dorsalis		Tupaia	Tupaiidae	Scandentia	Handl. Beoef. Dierk. vol.1 p.59, 447, pl. 3			Borneo: Sabah, Sarawak (Malaysia), Brunei, and Kalimantan (Indonesia) except SE, at low to moderate elevations (below 1,000 m).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Endemic to Borneo. United with T. tana in the genus Tana by Lyon (1913), but this arrangement is probably not natural (see Dene et al., 1978).	Striped Treeshrew
11900064	Tupaia tana subsp. sirhassenensis	Miller 1901	SUBSPECIES		sirhassenensis	tana		Tupaia	Tupaiidae	Scandentia							
11900065	Tupaia tana subsp. utara	Lyon 1913	SUBSPECIES		utara	tana		Tupaia	Tupaiidae	Scandentia							
13700650	Scalopus aquaticus subsp. parvus	Rhoads 1894	SUBSPECIES		parvus	aquaticus		Scalopus	Talpidae	Soricomorpha							
11900016	Tupaia glis	Diard 1820	SPECIES			glis		Tupaia	Tupaiidae	Scandentia	Asiat. J. Mon. Reg. vol.10 p.478		anambae  Lyon, 1913; batamana Lyon, 1907; castanea Miller, 1903; chrysomalla Miller, 1900; cognata Chasen, 1940; demissa Thomas, 1904; discolor Lyon, 1906; ferruginea Raffles, 1821; hypochrysa Thomas, 1895; jacki Robinson and Kloss, 1918; lacernata Thomas and Wroughton, 1909; longicanda Lyon, 1913 [nomen nudum]; longicauda Kloss, 1911; obscura Kloss, 1911; pemangilis Lyon, 1911; penangensis Robinson and Kloss, 1911; phaeura Miller, 1902; phoeniura Thomas, 1923; press É. Geoffroy and F. Cuvier, 1822; pulonis Miller, 1903; raviana Lyon, 1911; redacta Robinson, 1916; siaca Lyon, 1908; siberu Chasen and Kloss, 1928; sordida Miller, 1900; tephrura Miller, 1903; umbratilis Chasen, 1940; wilkinsoni Robinson and Kloss, 1911.	SE Asia south of about 10° N latitude, from the vicinity of Hat-Yai, S Thailand through mainland Malaysia (and adjacent coastal isls) to Singapore; also Indonesia, including Siberut, Batu Isls, Sumatra, Java, Bangka, and the Riau, Lingga, and Anambas Isls.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	See comments under T. belangeri. In the past many additional taxa have been included in the synonymy of T. glis (e.g. see Chasen, 1940, and Corbet, in Corbet and Hill, 1992). Even with the separation of belangeri, chrysogaster, longipes, palawanensis, moellendorffi, and their synonyms, T. glis still retains many forms of uncertain rank and validity. Pending a detailed study, no subspecies are listed, but many if not most of the named insular forms are distinctive (see Lyon, 1913).	Common Treeshrew
11900017	Tupaia gracilis	Thomas 1893	SPECIES			gracilis		Tupaia	Tupaiidae	Scandentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.12 p.53		edarata  Lyon, 1913; inflata Lyon, 1906.	Borneo below 1,200 m, including Sabah and Sarawak (Malaysia) and Kalimantan (Indonesia) except SE; west to islands of Karimata, Belitung, and Bangka, and north to Banggi Isl.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Slender Treeshrew
11900018	Tupaia gracilis subsp. gracilis	Thomas 1893	SUBSPECIES		gracilis	gracilis		Tupaia	Tupaiidae	Scandentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.12 p.53						
11900019	Tupaia gracilis subsp. edarata	Lyon 1913	SUBSPECIES		edarata	gracilis		Tupaia	Tupaiidae	Scandentia							
11900020	Tupaia gracilis subsp. inflata	Lyon 1906	SUBSPECIES		inflata	gracilis		Tupaia	Tupaiidae	Scandentia							
11900021	Tupaia javanica	Horsfield 1822	SPECIES			javanica		Tupaia	Tupaiidae	Scandentia	Zool. Res. Java vol.pt. 3 p.(pages unno.)		balina  Thomas, 1913; bogoriensis Sody, 1937; occidentalis Robinson and Kloss, 1918; tjibruniensis Sody, 1937.	Indonesia: Bali, Java, W Sumatra, and Nias.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Chasen (1940) and Hill (1960) offered opinions on subspecific taxonomy, but more study is needed. Known from Nias by a single specimen (Lyon, 1913:106).	Horsfields Treeshrew
11900022	Tupaia longipes	Thomas 1893	SPECIES			longipes		Tupaia	Tupaiidae	Scandentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.11 p.343		salatana  Lyon, 1913.	Borneo, including Sabah and Sarawak (Malaysia), Kalimantan (Indonesia), and Brunei.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Endangered.	A distinctive but variable species endemic to Borneo.	Long-footed Treeshrew
11900027	Tupaia minor subsp. humeralis	Robinson and Kloss 1919	SUBSPECIES		humeralis	minor		Tupaia	Tupaiidae	Scandentia							
11900028	Tupaia minor subsp. malaccana	Anderson 1879	SUBSPECIES		malaccana	minor		Tupaia	Tupaiidae	Scandentia							
11900029	Tupaia minor subsp. sincipis	Lyon 1911	SUBSPECIES		sincipis	minor		Tupaia	Tupaiidae	Scandentia							
11900030	Tupaia moellendorffi	Matschie 1898	SPECIES			moellendorffi		Tupaia	Tupaiidae	Scandentia	Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin p.39		busuangae  Sanborn, 1952; cuyonis Miller, 1910.	Calamian Isls (Busuanga, Culion) and Cuyo in the Philippines.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Vulnerable (as included in T. palawanensis).	The three named forms included here appear more closely-related to each another than any is to T. palawanensis (where they are usually arranged; e.g. Heaney et al., 1998) and I provisionally separate them here as a distinctive complex; see also comments by Lyon (1913). This arrangement is somewhat more consistent with species-boundaries traditionally recognized in squirrels from the Palawan region (see accounts of Sundasciurus).	Calamian Treeshrew
11900031	Tupaia moellendorffi subsp. moellendorffi	Matschie 1898	SUBSPECIES		moellendorffi	moellendorffi		Tupaia	Tupaiidae	Scandentia	Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin p.39						
11900032	Tupaia moellendorffi subsp. busuangae	Sanborn 1952	SUBSPECIES		busuangae	moellendorffi		Tupaia	Tupaiidae	Scandentia							
11900033	Tupaia moellendorffi subsp. cuyonis	Miller 1910	SUBSPECIES		cuyonis	moellendorffi		Tupaia	Tupaiidae	Scandentia							
11900034	Tupaia montana	Thomas 1892	SPECIES			montana		Tupaia	Tupaiidae	Scandentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.9 p.252		baluensis  Lyon, 1913.	Mountains of Sarawak and W Sabah (Malaysia); probably N Kalimantan (Indonesia).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	A Bornean montane endemic with two well-marked subspecies.	Mountain Treeshrew
11900035	Tupaia montana subsp. montana	Thomas 1892	SUBSPECIES		montana	montana		Tupaia	Tupaiidae	Scandentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.9 p.252						
11900036	Tupaia montana subsp. baluensis	Lyon 1913	SUBSPECIES		baluensis	montana		Tupaia	Tupaiidae	Scandentia							
11900037	Tupaia nicobarica	Zelebor 1869	SPECIES			nicobarica		Tupaia	Tupaiidae	Scandentia	Reise Oesterr. Fregatte Nov. Zool. vol.1(Wirbelth.) 1(Säugeth.) p.17, pl. 1		surda  Miller, 1902.	Great and Little Nicobar Isls (India).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Endangered.	A distinctive species with two slightly-differentiated subspecies. Part of the small assemblage of mammal species endemic to the Nicobar Isls that also includes Pteropus faunulus, Rattus palmarum and Crocidura nicobarica.	Nicobar Treeshrew
11900040	Tupaia palawanensis	Thomas 1894	SPECIES			palawanensis		Tupaia	Tupaiidae	Scandentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.9 p.251			Palawan and Balabac in the Philippines.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Vulnerable.	Included in T. glis by Corbet (in Corbet and Hill, 1992) and many earlier authors, but specific separation is supported by pelage coloration differences, craniodental features (K. H. Han et al., 2000a), karyotypic data (Arrighi et al., 1969), and immunological distances (Dene et al., 1978). T. moellendorffi is provisionally separated from palawanensis here (see account above).	Palawan Treeshrew
11900041	Tupaia picta	Thomas 1892	SPECIES			picta		Tupaia	Tupaiidae	Scandentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.9 p.251		fuscior  Medway, 1965.	Borneo: N Sarawak (Malaysia), E Kalimantan (Indonesia), and Brunei.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Endemic to Borneo. Medway (1977:25) recognized two subspecies.	Painted Treeshrew
11900042	Tupaia picta subsp. picta	Thomas 1892	SUBSPECIES		picta	picta		Tupaia	Tupaiidae	Scandentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.9 p.251						
11900043	Tupaia picta subsp. fuscior	Medway 1965	SUBSPECIES		fuscior	picta		Tupaia	Tupaiidae	Scandentia							
11900044	Tupaia splendidula	Gray 1865	SPECIES			splendidula		Tupaia	Tupaiidae	Scandentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1865 p.322, pl. 12		muelleri  Kohlbrugge, 1896; ruficaudata Mivart, 1867; carimatae Miller, 1906; lucida Thomas and Hartert, 1895; natunae Lyon, 1911; typica Thomas and Hartert, 1895 [nomen nudum]; riabus Lyon, 1913.	Malaysia and Indonesia, including S Borneo (splendidula) and Karimata Isl (carimatae), Bunguran (natunae) and Laut (lucida) in the N Natuna Isls, and Riabu (riabus) in the Anambas Isls.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	T. s. lucida and T. s. natunae of the Natuna Isls are very distinctive forms; although traditionally included in T. splendidula they may be more closely allied to T. glis. Because of its probable affinity to Natuna treeshrews, T. riabus from Riabu (Anambas Isls) is provisionally placed here rather than with T. glis.	Ruddy Treeshrew
11900045	Tupaia splendidula subsp. splendidula	Gray 1865	SUBSPECIES		splendidula	splendidula		Tupaia	Tupaiidae	Scandentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1865 p.322, pl. 12						
11900046	Tupaia splendidula subsp. carimatae	Miller 1906	SUBSPECIES		carimatae	splendidula		Tupaia	Tupaiidae	Scandentia							
11900047	Tupaia splendidula subsp. lucida	Thomas and Hartert 1895	SUBSPECIES		lucida	splendidula		Tupaia	Tupaiidae	Scandentia							
11900048	Tupaia splendidula subsp. natunae	Lyon 1911	SUBSPECIES		natunae	splendidula		Tupaia	Tupaiidae	Scandentia							
11900049	Tupaia splendidula subsp. riabus	Lyon 1913	SUBSPECIES		riabus	splendidula		Tupaia	Tupaiidae	Scandentia							
11900050	Tupaia tana	Raffles 1821	SPECIES			tana		Tupaia	Tupaiidae	Scandentia	Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol.13 p.257		nainggolani  (Sody, 1936); banguei Chasen and Kloss, 1932; besara (Lyon, 1913); bunoae Miller, 1900; cervicalis Miller, 1903; chrysura Günther, 1876; kelabit Davies, 1958; kretami Davies, 1962; lingae (Lyon, 1913); masae (Lyon, 1913); nitida Chasen, 1933; paitana (Lyon, 1913); griswoldi (Coolidge, 1938); speciosa (Wagner, 1841); sirhassenensis Miller, 1901; tuancus (Lyon, 1913); utara (Lyon, 1913).	Malaysia (Sabah, Sarawak, Banggi) and Indonesia (Kalimantan, Sumatra, Batu Isls, Lingga Isls, Bangka, Belitung, Tambelan, Serasan).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Arrangement of subspecies is based on accounts by Chasen (1940), Lyon (1913), and Medway (1977), and on examination of specimens at USNM.	Large Treeshrew
11900051	Tupaia tana subsp. tana	Raffles 1821	SUBSPECIES		tana	tana		Tupaia	Tupaiidae	Scandentia	Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol.13 p.257						
11900052	Tupaia tana subsp. banguei	Chasen and Kloss 1932	SUBSPECIES		banguei	tana		Tupaia	Tupaiidae	Scandentia							
11900053	Tupaia tana subsp. besara	Lyon 1913	SUBSPECIES		besara	tana		Tupaia	Tupaiidae	Scandentia							
11900054	Tupaia tana subsp. bunoae	Miller 1900	SUBSPECIES		bunoae	tana		Tupaia	Tupaiidae	Scandentia							
11900055	Tupaia tana subsp. cervicalis	Miller 1903	SUBSPECIES		cervicalis	tana		Tupaia	Tupaiidae	Scandentia							
11900061	Tupaia tana subsp. nitida	Chasen 1933	SUBSPECIES		nitida	tana		Tupaia	Tupaiidae	Scandentia							
11900062	Tupaia tana subsp. paitana	Lyon 1913	SUBSPECIES		paitana	tana		Tupaia	Tupaiidae	Scandentia							
11900063	Tupaia tana subsp. speciosa	Wagner 1841	SUBSPECIES		speciosa	tana		Tupaia	Tupaiidae	Scandentia							
13700651	Scalopus aquaticus subsp. porteri	Schwartz 1952	SUBSPECIES		porteri	aquaticus		Scalopus	Talpidae	Soricomorpha							
11900066	Urogale	Mearns 1905	GENUS					Urogale	Tupaiidae	Scandentia	Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus. vol.28 p.435	Urogale cylindrura Mearns, 1905 (= Tupaia everetti Thomas, 1892).				Urogaleand Tupaia are closely allied.	
11900067	Urogale everetti	Thomas 1892	SPECIES			everetti		Urogale	Tupaiidae	Scandentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.9 p.250		cylindrura Mearns, 1905.	Philippines: Mindanao, Siargao, and Dinagat.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Vulnerable.	Variation in U. everetti was reviewed by Angst and Mann (1971). No subspecies are recognized here, but an undescribed subspecies occurs on Dinagat.	Mindanao Treeshrew
11900068	Ptilocercidae	Lyon 1913	FAMILY						Ptilocercidae	Scandentia	Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus. vol.45 p.4					Given full familial rank here and by Shoshani and McKenna (1998), but not by McKenna and Bell (1997). Ptilocercus exhibits many plesiomorphic and autapomorphic external, craniodental, and postcranial traits unique among treeshrews (including a terminally distichous tail); see Lyon (1913:4), Le Gros Clark (1926) and Sargis (2001, 2002a, b).	
11900069	Ptilocercus	Gray 1848	GENUS					Ptilocercus	Ptilocercidae	Scandentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1848 p.23	Ptilocercus lowii Gray, 1848.	Ptilocerus  Brehm, 1864.			For discussion regarding the date of publication, see McAllan and Bruce (1989).	
11900070	Ptilocercus lowii	Gray 1848	SPECIES			lowii		Ptilocercus	Ptilocercidae	Scandentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1848 p.24		continentis  Thomas, 1910.	S Thailand, Malaysia (Malay Peninsula, Sabah, Sarawak, Labuan), Singapore, Brunei, and Indonesia (Sumatra, Kalimantan, and Riau, Batu, Siberut, Bangka, and Serasan Isls).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Pen-tailed Treeshrew
11900071	Ptilocercus lowii subsp. lowii	Gray 1848	SUBSPECIES		lowii	lowii		Ptilocercus	Ptilocercidae	Scandentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1848 p.24						
11900072	Ptilocercus lowii subsp. continentis	Thomas 1910	SUBSPECIES		continentis	lowii		Ptilocercus	Ptilocercidae	Scandentia							
12000001	Dermoptera	Illiger 1811	ORDER							Dermoptera							
12000002	Cynocephalidae	Simpson 1945	FAMILY						Cynocephalidae	Dermoptera	Bull. Am. Nat. Hist. vol.85 p.54		Colugidae Miller, 1906; Galeopithecidae Gray, 1821; Galeopteridae Thomas, 1908				
12000003	Cynocephalus	Boddaert 1768	GENUS					Cynocephalus	Cynocephalidae	Dermoptera	Dierk. Meng. vol.2 p.8	Lemur volans Linnaeus, 1758.	Colugo  Gray, 1870; Dermopterus Burnett, 1829; Galeolemur Lesson, 1840; Galeopithecus Pallas 1783; Galeopus Rafinesque 1815; Pleuropterus Burnett, 1829.			See Corbet and Hill (1992), Melville (1977), Stafford and Szalay (2000), and Thomas (1908a).	
12000004	Cynocephalus volans	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			volans		Cynocephalus	Cynocephalidae	Dermoptera	Syst. Nat., 10<sup>th</sup> ed. vol.1 p.30		philippinensis  Waterhouse, 1838.	Philippine Isls: Dinagat, Mindanao, Basilan, Samar, Siargao, Leyte, and Bohol.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Corbet and Hill (1992) correctly noted that although Pampanga has been given as the type locality, this species has never been known to occur on Luzon Isl. Cabrera (1925) listed C. philippensis (Lesson, 1840) as a synonym. Unable to locate this description.	Philippine Flying Lemur
12000005	Galeopterus	Thomas 1908	GENUS					Galeopterus	Cynocephalidae	Dermoptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.1 p.252	Galeopitiecus temminckii Waterhouse, 1838				See Thomas (1908a), Stafford and Szalay (2000).	
12000006	Galeopterus variegates	Audebert 1799	SPECIES			variegates		Galeopterus	Cynocephalidae	Dermoptera	Hist Nat. Singes Makis, sig. Rr. Java		abbotti  Lyon, 1911; aoris Miller, 1903; borneanus Lyon, 1911; chombolis Lyon, 1909; gracilis Miller, 1903; hantu Cabrera, 1924; lautensis Lyon, 1911; lecheyi Gyldenstolpe, 1919; natunae Miller, 1903; peninsulae Thomas, 1908; perhentianus Chasen and Kloss, 1929; pumilis Miller, 1903; rufus Desmarest, 1820; saturatus Miller, 1903; taylori Thomas, 1908; tellonis Lyon, 1908; temminckii Waterhouse, 1838; ternatensis Desmarest, 1817; terutaus Chasen and Kloss, 1929;  tuancus Miller, 1903; undatus Wagner, 1839; varius Desmarest, 1817.	Indochina to Java (Indonesia), Borneo, and most associated islands.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Cynocephalus variegatus.	Cabrera (1925) gave Geoffroy (1796) as the author of this nomen. I was unable to locate this reference. However, reading Geoffroy (1803) suggests that he only used French common names for this species in 1796. Desmarest (1820) supported this interpretation. Also, Cabrera (1925) listed G. marmoratus (Temminck, 1829) as a synonym of G. variegatus. I was unable to locate this description. Not listed in Sherborn (1927, 1931), not contained in Temminck (1824-1841). Desmarest (1820) incorrectly gave the localities of G. rufus and G. ternatensis as Pelew Isl and Ternate respectively. Here, these nomina are synonomized with G. variegatus because the descriptions in Desmarest (1820) seem closer to this species, and because his plate 22, fig. 2, illustrates an animal with the characteristically narrow rostrum of G. variegatus. Chasen and Kloss (1929a) described G. v. terutaus and G. v. perhentianus as subspecies. See Ch... [truncated]	Sunda Flying Lemur
12300010	Aplodontia rufa subsp. phaea	Merriam 1899	SUBSPECIES		phaea	rufa		Aplodontia	Aplodontiidae	Rodentia							
12300011	Aplodontia rufa subsp. rainieri	Merriam 1899	SUBSPECIES		rainieri	rufa		Aplodontia	Aplodontiidae	Rodentia							
12400020	Ratufa bicolor subsp. leucogenys	Kloss 1916	SUBSPECIES		leucogenys	bicolor		Ratufa	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400017	Ratufa bicolor subsp. felli	Thomas and Wroughton 1916	SUBSPECIES		felli	bicolor		Ratufa	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400018	Ratufa bicolor subsp. gigantea	McClelland 1839	SUBSPECIES		gigantea	bicolor		Ratufa	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400019	Ratufa bicolor subsp. hainana	J. A. Allen 1906	SUBSPECIES		hainana	bicolor		Ratufa	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12300009	Aplodontia rufa subsp. pacifica	Merriam 1899	SUBSPECIES		pacifica	rufa		Aplodontia	Aplodontiidae	Rodentia							
12200001	Rodentia	Bowdich 1821	ORDER							Rodentia						<p>Rodentia is the largest order of living Mammalia, encompassing 2277 species as recognized herein, or approximately 42% of worldwide mammalian biodiversity. Following the mid-1900s era of uncritical application of the biological species concept and consequent obscuration of species richness, views on the size of the Order continue to appreciate substantially (1591 speciesCorbet and Hill, 1980; 1719Honacki et al., 1982; 1738Corbet and Hill, 1986; 2015Wilson and Reeder, 1993; 2277this volume). Thus, "a checklist of species" considered valid is an appropriate taxonomic focus in the current work, as emphasized by its title and that of its predecessors (Honacki et al., 1982; Wilson and Reeder, 1993). In contrast to the period covered by the second edition (Wilson and Reeder, 1993), however, systematic research on Rodentia since 1993 has been equally as prolific, multifaceted, and informative at taxonomic levels above the species and requires introductory comment. Issues of monophyly,... [truncated]	
12300001	SCIUROMORPHA	Brandt 1855	SUBORDER							Rodentia							
12300002	Aplodontiidae	Brandt 1855	FAMILY						Aplodontiidae	Rodentia	Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersbourg, ser. 6 vol.VII; Sci. Nat. p.151		Aplodontidae Trouessart, 1897; Haplodontidae Alston, 1876; Haploodontidae Lilljeborg, 1866; Haploodontini Brandt, 1855 [original spelling]			The correct spelling of the family name is Aplodontiidae (Thomas, 1896). Traditionally classified as the sole extant representative of a unique suborder or infraorder (Protrogomorpha), the monotypic family Aplodontiidae may constitute the sister group to the sciurids (Landry, 1999; Montgelard et al., 2002). Consult McKenna and Bell (1997) for additional fossil synonyms.	
12300003	Aplodontia	Richardson 1829	GENUS					Aplodontia	Aplodontiidae	Rodentia	Zool. J. vol.4 p.334	Aplodontia leporina Richardson, 1829 (= Anisonyx rufa Rafinesque, 1817)	Apludontia  Fischer, 1830; Apluodontia Richardson, 1837; Haplodon Wagler, 1830; Haplodus Coues, 1877; Haploodon Brandt, 1855; Haploodus Coues, 1877; Haploudon Coues, 1877; Haploudontia Coues, 1889; Haploudus Coues, 1877; Hapludon Brandt 1855.				
12300004	Aplodontia rufa	Rafinesque 1817	SPECIES			rufa		Aplodontia	Aplodontiidae	Rodentia	Am. Mon. Mag. vol.2 p.45		chryseola  L. Kellogg, 1914; grisea Taylor, 1916; leporina Richardson, 1829; olympica Merriam, 1899; californica (Peters, 1864); major Merriam, 1886; humboldtiana Taylor, 1916; nigra Taylor, 1914; pacifica Merriam, 1899; phaea Merriam, 1899; rainieri Merriam, 1899; columbiana Taylor, 1916	W coast of North America from SW British Columbia (Canada) to N California (USA), isolated populations in N and C California, extending into W Nevada. See Hall (1981:335).	U. S. ESA  Endangered as A. r. nigra; IUCN  Vulnerable as A. r. nigra and A. r. phaea; otherwise Lower Risk (nt).	Reviewed by Carraway and Verts (1993; Mammalian Species, 431).	Sewellel
12300005	Aplodontia rufa subsp. rufa	Rafinesque 1817	SUBSPECIES		rufa	rufa		Aplodontia	Aplodontiidae	Rodentia	Am. Mon. Mag. vol.2 p.45						
12300006	Aplodontia rufa subsp. californica	Peters 1864	SUBSPECIES		californica	rufa		Aplodontia	Aplodontiidae	Rodentia							
12300007	Aplodontia rufa subsp. humboldtiana	Taylor 1916	SUBSPECIES		humboldtiana	rufa		Aplodontia	Aplodontiidae	Rodentia							
12300008	Aplodontia rufa subsp. nigra	Taylor 1914	SUBSPECIES		nigra	rufa		Aplodontia	Aplodontiidae	Rodentia							
12400001	Sciuridae	Fischer de Waldheim 1817	FAMILY						Sciuridae	Rodentia	Adversaria zoologica p.408					Ellerman (1940) reviewed the history of sciurid classification. The first modern classification (Pocock, 1923) recognized six subfamilies: Sciurinae, Tamiasciurinae, Funambulinae, Callosciurinae, Xerinae, and Marmotinae. We do not accept the use of Nannosciurinae (Forsyth Major, 1895) as a senior synonym for Callosciurinae (Pocock, 1923), as proposed by McKenna and Bell (1997). Simpson (1945) recognized the same taxa, but all at the tribal level. Ellerman (1940) avoided formal designation, but recognized seven "sections" in the Sciurus "group," which often do not conform with the above. Moore (1959) recognized Simpson's six tribes and, in addition, Ratufini and Protoxerini for certain genera that had previously been included in Funambulini. Black (1963) elevated Tamiini to tribal level (previously in Marmotini). Gromov et al. (1965) elevated the ground squirrels to subfamily rank, Marmotinae, which included the tribes Tamiini Black, Otospermophilini Gromov, Citellini Gromov, Mar... [truncated]	
12400002	Ratufinae	Moore 1959	SUBFAMILY						Sciuridae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.118 p.167					Moore (1959) recognized the tribe Ratufini. Treated as subfamily Ratufinae by Steppan et al. (2004) on the basis of their molecular evidence and that of Mercer and Roth (2003).	
12400003	Ratufa	Gray 1867	GENUS					Ratufa	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3 vol.20 p.273	Sciurus indicus Erxleben, 1777.	Eosciurus  Trouessart, 1880; Rukaia Gray, 1867.			Tribe Ratufini (Moore, 1959). Reviewed in part by Moore and Tate (1965).	
12400026	Ratufa indica subsp. indica	Erxleben 1777	SUBSPECIES		indica	indica		Ratufa	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Syst. Regn. Anim. vol.1 p.420						
12400027	Ratufa indica subsp. centralis	Ryley 1913	SUBSPECIES		centralis	indica		Ratufa	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400028	Ratufa indica subsp. dealbata	Blanford 1897	SUBSPECIES		dealbata	indica		Ratufa	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400029	Ratufa indica subsp. maxima	Schreber 1784	SUBSPECIES		maxima	indica		Ratufa	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400073	Urosciurus	J. A. Allen 1915	SUBGENUS				Urosciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400004	Ratufa affinis	Raffles 1821	SPECIES			affinis		Ratufa	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol.13 p.259		albiceps  (Jentink, 1897); aureiventer (I. Geoffroy, 1831); frontalis Kloss, 1932; interposita Kloss, 1932; johorensis Robinson and Kloss, 1911; klossi J. E. Hill, 1960; pyrsonota Miller, 1900; bancana Lyon, 1906; baramensis Bonhote, 1900; banguei Chasen and Kloss, 1932; dulitensis Lönnberg and Mjöberg, 1925; lumholtzi Lönnberg and Mjoberg, 1925; sandakanensis Bonhote, 1900; bunguranensis (Thomas and Hartert, 1894); confinis Miller, 1906; nanogigas (Thomas and Hartert, 1895); notabilis Miller, 1902; sirhassenensis Bonhote, 1900; cothurnata Lyon, 1911; griseicollis Lyon, 1911; ephippium (Müller, 1838); vittata Lyon, 1911; vittatula Lyon, 1911; hypoleucos (Horsfield, 1823); arusinus Lyon, 1907; balae Miller, 1903; catemana Lyon, 1907; femoralis Miller, 1903; masae Miller, 1903; nigrescens Miller, 1903; piniensis Miller, 1903; insignis Miller, 1903; bulana Lyon, 1909; carimonensis Miller, 1906; condurensis Miller, 1906; conspicua Miller, 1903; polia Lyon, 1906.	Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, and adjacent small islands.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Corbet and Hill (1992); they doubted the validity of a record from Vietnam (Cao, 1984).	Pale Giant Squirrel
12400005	Ratufa affinis subsp. affinis	Raffles 1821	SUBSPECIES		affinis	affinis		Ratufa	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol.13 p.259						
12400006	Ratufa affinis subsp. bancana	Lyon 1906	SUBSPECIES		bancana	affinis		Ratufa	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400007	Ratufa affinis subsp. baramensis	Bonhote 1900	SUBSPECIES		baramensis	affinis		Ratufa	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400008	Ratufa affinis subsp. bunguranensis	Thomas and Hartert 1894	SUBSPECIES		bunguranensis	affinis		Ratufa	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400009	Ratufa affinis subsp. cothurnata	Lyon 1911	SUBSPECIES		cothurnata	affinis		Ratufa	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400010	Ratufa affinis subsp. ephippium	Müller 1838	SUBSPECIES		ephippium	affinis		Ratufa	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400011	Ratufa affinis subsp. hypoleucos	Horsfield 1823	SUBSPECIES		hypoleucos	affinis		Ratufa	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400012	Ratufa affinis subsp. insignis	Miller 1903	SUBSPECIES		insignis	affinis		Ratufa	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400013	Ratufa affinis subsp. polia	Lyon 1906	SUBSPECIES		polia	affinis		Ratufa	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400014	Ratufa bicolor	Sparrman 1778	SPECIES			bicolor		Ratufa	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Samhelle Hand. (Wet. Afd.) vol.1 p.70		albiceps  (Desmarest, 1817); baliensis Thomas, 1913; humeralis (Coulon, 1836); javensis (Zimmerman, 1780); leschnaultii (Desmarest, 1822); major Miller, 1911; sondaica (Müller and Schlegel, 1844); condorensis Kloss, 1920; felli Thomas and Wroughton, 1916; gigantea (McClelland, 1839); lutrina Thomas and Wroughton, 1916; macruroides (Hodgson, 1849); hainana J. A. Allen, 1906; stigmosa Thomas, 1923; leucogenys Kloss, 1916; sinus Kloss, 1916; melanopepla Miller, 1900; anambae Miller, 1900; angusticeps Miller, 1901; dicolorata Robinson and Kloss, 1914; fretensis Thomas and Wroughton, 1909; penangensis Robinson and Kloss, 1911; peninsulae (Miller, 1913); tiomanensis Miller, 1900; palliata Miller, 1902; batuana Lyon, 1916; laenata Miller, 1903; phaeopepla Miller, 1913; celaenopepla Miller, 1913; marana Thomas and Wroughton, 1916; smithi Robinson and Kloss, 1922;. <u>Not allocated to subspecies</u>: tennentii Layard, in Blyth, 1849.	E Nepal; SE Tibet to S Yunnan and Hainan (China); Assam (India), Burma, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam, south through the Malay Peninsula to Java and Bali.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Corbet and Hill (1992).	Black Giant Squirrel
12400015	Ratufa bicolor subsp. bicolor	Sparrman 1778	SUBSPECIES		bicolor	bicolor		Ratufa	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Samhelle Hand. (Wet. Afd.) vol.1 p.70						
12400016	Ratufa bicolor subsp. condorensis	Kloss 1920	SUBSPECIES		condorensis	bicolor		Ratufa	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400021	Ratufa bicolor subsp. melanopepla	Miller 1900	SUBSPECIES		melanopepla	bicolor		Ratufa	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400022	Ratufa bicolor subsp. palliata	Miller 1902	SUBSPECIES		palliata	bicolor		Ratufa	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400023	Ratufa bicolor subsp. phaeopepla	Miller 1913	SUBSPECIES		phaeopepla	bicolor		Ratufa	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400024	Ratufa bicolor subsp. smithi	Robinson and Kloss 1922	SUBSPECIES		smithi	bicolor		Ratufa	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400025	Ratufa indica	Erxleben 1777	SPECIES			indica		Ratufa	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Syst. Regn. Anim. vol.1 p.420		bombaya  (Boddaert, 1785); elphinstoni (Sykes, 1831); purpureus (Zimmermann, 1777); superans Ryley, 1913; centralis Ryley, 1913; dealbata (Blanford, 1897); maxima (Schreber, 1784); bengalensis (Blanford, 1897); malabarica (Scopoli, 1786).	C and S India, excluding central lowlands.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Extinct as R. i. dealbata, Vulnerable as R. i. centralis, R. i. indica and R. i. maxima.	Pennant (1771:281) described, but did not name this species, and said it "Inhabits Bombay."	Indian Giant Squirrel
12400030	Ratufa macroura	Pennant 1769	SPECIES			macroura		Ratufa	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Indian Zool. vol.1 p.pl. 1		albipes  (Blyth, 1859); ceilonensis (Boddaert, 1785); ceylonica (Erxleben, 1777); macrura Blanford, 1891; montana (Kalaart, 1852); tennentii (Blyth, 1849); dandolena Thomas and Wroughton, 1915; sinhala Phillips, 1931; melanochra Thomas and Wroughton, 1915. <u>Not allocated to subspecies</u>: zeylanicus (Ray, 1693).	Sri Lanka and S India.	CITES  Appendix II. IUCN  Vulnerable	Reviewed by Corbet and Hill (1992). Joshua (1996) reported apparent hybridization with R. indica, but had no cytogenetic data.	Sri Lankan Giant Squirrel
12400031	Ratufa macroura subsp. macroura	Pennant 1769	SUBSPECIES		macroura	macroura		Ratufa	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Indian Zool. vol.1 p.pl. 1						
12400032	Ratufa macroura subsp. dandolena	Thomas and Wroughton 1915	SUBSPECIES		dandolena	macroura		Ratufa	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400033	Ratufa macroura subsp. melanochra	Thomas and Wroughton 1915	SUBSPECIES		melanochra	macroura		Ratufa	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400034	Sciurillinae	Moore 1959	SUBFAMILY						Sciuridae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.118 p.180					Moore (1959) recognized the subtribe Sciurillina, noting that "Sciurillus is one of the most distinctive genera of squirrels in the world... In this measure of divergence... they are approached only by the Ratufini." Supporting this prescient observation, recent molecular work places Sciurillus as a basal member of the Sciuridae (Mercer and Roth, 2003; Steppan et al., 2004), leading to its recognition as a distinct subfamily, Sciurillinae (Steppan et al., 2004).	
12400035	Sciurillus	Thomas 1914	GENUS					Sciurillus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1914 p.416	Sciurus pusillus Desmarest, 1817, as designated by Thomas (= Sciurus pusillus E. Geoffroy, 1803).					
12400036	Sciurillus pusillus	E. Geoffroy 1803	SPECIES			pusillus		Sciurillus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	In Cat. Mamm. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris p.178		glaucinus  Thomas, 1914; hoehnei Miranda Ribeiro, 1941; kuhlii (Gray, 1867).	Brazil, French Guiana, Peru, Suriname.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Husson (1978) designated a lectotype. Allelic data first indicated that this species falls outside the clade that contains other New World tree squirrels (Hafner et al., 1994a).	Neotropical Pygmy Squirrel
12400037	Sciurillus pusillus subsp. pusillus	E. Geoffroy 1803	SUBSPECIES		pusillus	pusillus		Sciurillus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	In Cat. Mamm. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris p.178						
12400038	Sciurillus pusillus subsp. glaucinus	Thomas 1914	SUBSPECIES		glaucinus	pusillus		Sciurillus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400039	Sciurillus pusillus subsp. kuhlii	Gray 1867	SUBSPECIES		kuhlii	pusillus		Sciurillus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400040	Sciurinae	Fischer de Waldheim 1817	SUBFAMILY						Sciuridae	Rodentia	Adversaria zoologica p.408					Subfamily modified by Steppan et al. (2004) to include the tribes Sciurini and Pteromyini.	
12400041	Sciurini	Fischer de Waldheim 1817	TRIBE						Sciuridae	Rodentia	Adversaria zoologica p.408						
12400042	Microsciurus	J. A. Allen 1895	GENUS					Microsciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.7 p.332	Sciurus alfari J. A. Allen, 1895.				Tribe Microsciurini, according to Moore (1959). Evidence to suggests that this genus is polyphyletic (Mercer and Roth, 2003). See Emmons and Feer (1990).	
12400043	Microsciurus alfari	J. A. Allen 1895	SPECIES			alfari		Microsciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.7 p.333		alticola  Goodwin, 1943; browni (Bangs, 1902); fusculus (Thomas, 1910); septentrionalis Anthony, 1920; venustulus Goldman, 1912.	Colombia, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	See Hall (1981:439-440).	Central American Dwarf Squirrel
12400044	Microsciurus alfari subsp. alfari	J. A. Allen 1895	SUBSPECIES		alfari	alfari		Microsciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.7 p.333						
12400045	Microsciurus alfari subsp. alticola	Goodwin 1943	SUBSPECIES		alticola	alfari		Microsciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400046	Microsciurus alfari subsp. browni	Bangs 1902	SUBSPECIES		browni	alfari		Microsciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400047	Microsciurus alfari subsp. fusculus	Thomas 1910	SUBSPECIES		fusculus	alfari		Microsciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400048	Microsciurus alfari subsp. septentrionalis	Anthony 1920	SUBSPECIES		septentrionalis	alfari		Microsciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400049	Microsciurus alfari subsp. venustulus	Goldman 1912	SUBSPECIES		venustulus	alfari		Microsciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400069	Guerlinguetus	Gray 1821	SUBGENUS				Guerlinguetus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400070	Tenes	Thomas 1909	SUBGENUS				Tenes	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400071	Hadrosciurus	J. A. Allen 1915	SUBGENUS				Hadrosciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400050	Microsciurus flaviventer	Gray 1867	SPECIES			flaviventer		Microsciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3 vol.20 p.432		manarius  Thomas, 1920; napi (Thomas, 1900); avunculus Thomas, 1914; florenciae J. A. Allen, 1914; otinus (Thomas, 1901); peruanus (J. A. Allen, 1897); rubrirostris J. A. Allen, 1914; rubicollis Thomas, 1914 [lapsus for rubrirostris]; sabanillae Anthony, 1922; similis (Nelson, 1899); simonsi (Thomas, 1900).	Amazon basin of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Brazil west of the Rios Negro and Jurua.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Amazon Dwarf Squirrel
12400051	Microsciurus flaviventer subsp. flaviventer	Gray 1867	SUBSPECIES		flaviventer	flaviventer		Microsciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3 vol.20 p.432						
12400052	Microsciurus flaviventer subsp. napi	Thomas 1900	SUBSPECIES		napi	flaviventer		Microsciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400053	Microsciurus flaviventer subsp. otinus	Thomas 1901	SUBSPECIES		otinus	flaviventer		Microsciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400054	Microsciurus flaviventer subsp. peruanus	J. A. Allen 1897	SUBSPECIES		peruanus	flaviventer		Microsciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400055	Microsciurus flaviventer subsp. rubrirostris	J. A. Allen 1914	SUBSPECIES		rubrirostris	flaviventer		Microsciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400056	Microsciurus flaviventer subsp. sabanillae	Anthony 1922	SUBSPECIES		sabanillae	flaviventer		Microsciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400057	Microsciurus flaviventer subsp. similis	Nelson 1899	SUBSPECIES		similis	flaviventer		Microsciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400058	Microsciurus flaviventer subsp. simonsi	Thomas 1900	SUBSPECIES		simonsi	flaviventer		Microsciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400059	Microsciurus mimulus	Thomas 1898	SPECIES			mimulus		Microsciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.2 p.266		boquetensis  (Nelson, 1903); isthmius (Nelson, 1899); palmeri (Thomas, 1909); vivatus Goldman, 1912.	NW Ecuador, N Colombia, and Panama.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	See Hall (1981:440) and Handley (1966a).	Western Dwarf Squirrel
12400060	Microsciurus mimulus subsp. mimulus	Thomas 1898	SUBSPECIES		mimulus	mimulus		Microsciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.2 p.266						
12400061	Microsciurus mimulus subsp. boquetensis	Nelson 1903	SUBSPECIES		boquetensis	mimulus		Microsciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400062	Microsciurus mimulus subsp. isthmius	Nelson 1899	SUBSPECIES		isthmius	mimulus		Microsciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400063	Microsciurus santanderensis	Hernandez-Camacho 1957	SPECIES			santanderensis		Microsciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	In Borerro and Hernandez-Camacho, Anal. Soc. Biol. Bogota vol.7 p.219			Colombia, between the Magdalena River and the Cordillera Oriental.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	See Eisenberg (1989) and Hernandez-Camacho (1960).	Santander Dwarf Squirrel
12400064	Rheithrosciurus	Gray 1867	GENUS					Rheithrosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3 vol.20 p.273	Sciurus macrotis Gray, 1857.	Rhithrosciurus  Hose, 1893.			Tribe Sciurini according to Moore (1959:177), or incertae sedis (Simpson, 1945:78). Recent molecular studies (Mercer and Roth, 2003) support the placement of Rheithrosciurus in the tribe Sciurini.	
12400065	Rheithrosciurus macrotis	Gray 1856 "1857"	SPECIES			macrotis		Rheithrosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1856 p.341			Borneo.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Tufted Ground Squirrel
12400086	Sciurus aestuans subsp. henseli	Miranda Ribeiro 1941	SUBSPECIES		henseli	aestuans	Guerlinguetus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400091	Sciurus aestuans subsp. venustus	J. A. Allen 1940	SUBSPECIES		venustus	aestuans	Guerlinguetus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400092	Sciurus alleni	Nelson 1898	SPECIES			alleni	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.12 p.147			SE Coahuila through C Nuevo Leon, south through W Tamaulipas to extreme N San Luis Potosi (Mexico).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Sciurus (Hall, 1981:430). Reviewed by Best (1995a, Mammalian Species No. 501).	Allen's Squirrel
12400108	Sciurus carolinensis subsp. hypophaeus	Merriam 1886	SUBSPECIES		hypophaeus	carolinensis	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400066	Sciurus	Linnaeus 1758	GENUS					Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.63	Sciurus vulgaris Linnaeus, 1758.	Aphrontis  Schultze, 1893; Araeosciurus Nelson, 1899; Baiosciurus Nelson, 1899; Echinosciurus Trouessart, 1880; Guerlinguetus Gray, 1821; Hadrosciurus J. A. Allen, 1915; Hesperosciurus Nelson, 1899; Histriosciurus J. A. Allen, 1915; Leptosciurus J. A. Allen, 1915; Macroxus F. Cuvier, 1823; Mesosciurus J. A. Allen, 1915; Neosciurus Trouessart, 1880; Oreosciurus Ognev, 1935; Otosciurus Nelson, 1899; Parasciurus Trouessart, 1880; Simosciurus J. A. Allen, 1915; Tenes Thomas, 1909; Urosciurus J. A. Allen, 1915.			Tribe Sciurini (Moore, 1959:177); includes Guerlinguetus, Hesperosciurus, Otosciurus, Sciurus (Hall, 1981:417-436); Tenes (Corbet, 1978c:76) Hadrosciurus (Cabrera, 1961:374), and <u>Urosciurus</u><u>(Moore, 1959:198)</u> as subgenera. Moore (1959) considered Guerlinguetus a distinct genus (Hadrosciurus, Urosciurus as subgenera) and included Otosciurus and Hesperosciurus in subgenus Sciurus.	
12400067	Sciurus	Linnaeus 1758	SUBGENUS				Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.63	Sciurus vulgaris Linnaeus, 1758.					
12400068	Otosciurus	Nelson 1899	SUBGENUS				Otosciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400074	Sciurus aberti	Woodhouse 1852 "1853"	SPECIES			aberti	Otosciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.1852 6 p.110, 220		castanonotus  Baird, 1858; castanotus Baird, 1855; dorsalis Woodhouse, 1853; navajo Durrant and Kelson, 1947; barberi J. A. Allen, 1904; chuscensis Goldman, 1931; durangi Thomas, 1893; phaeurus J. A. Allen, 1904; ferreus True, 1900; concolor True, 1894; mimus Merriam, 1904; kaibabensis (Merriam, 1904).	SE Utah, S and W Colorado, extreme SE Wyoming, W and C New Mexico, and Arizona (USA); Chihuahua, Durango, and Sonora (NW Mexico).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Otosciurus (Hall, 1981:434). Reviewed by Nash and Seaman (1977, Mammalian Species, 80) and by Hoffmeister and Diersing, (1978), whose subspecies allocations are followed here. Post-Pleistocene dispersal analyzed by Davis and Brown (1989). Phylogeography was studied by Lamb et al. (1997), who found two major assemblages.	Abert's Squirrel
12400075	Sciurus aberti subsp. aberti	Woodhouse 1852 "1853"	SUBSPECIES		aberti	aberti	Otosciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.1852 6 p.110, 220						
12400076	Sciurus aberti subsp. barberi	J. A. Allen 1904	SUBSPECIES		barberi	aberti	Otosciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400077	Sciurus aberti subsp. chuscensis	Goldman 1931	SUBSPECIES		chuscensis	aberti	Otosciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400078	Sciurus aberti subsp. durangi	Thomas 1893	SUBSPECIES		durangi	aberti	Otosciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400079	Sciurus aberti subsp. ferreus	True 1900	SUBSPECIES		ferreus	aberti	Otosciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400080	Sciurus aberti subsp. kaibabensis	Merriam 1904	SUBSPECIES		kaibabensis	aberti	Otosciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400081	Sciurus aestuans	Linnaeus 1766	SPECIES			aestuans	Guerlinguetus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Syst. Nat., 12th ed. vol.1 p.88		bancrofti  Kerr, 1792; guajanensis Kerr, 1792; guerlingus (Shaw, 1801); guianensis Peters, 1863; olivascens Illiger, 1815; alphonsei Thomas, 1903; roberti Thomas, 1903; garbei (Pinto, 1931); georgihernandezi Barriga-Bonilla, 1966; henseli Miranda Ribeiro, 1941; ingrami Thomas, 1901; macconnelli Thomas, 1901; poaiae (Moojen, 1942); quelchii Thomas, 1901; venustus (J. A. Allen, 1940).	Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Guerlinguetus; see Cabrera (1961:359). Formerly included gilvigularis; see Avila-Pires (1964). Subspecies recognized based on Cabrera (1961).	Guianan Squirrel
12400082	Sciurus aestuans subsp. aestuans	Linnaeus 1766	SUBSPECIES		aestuans	aestuans	Guerlinguetus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Syst. Nat., 12th ed. vol.1 p.88						
12400083	Sciurus aestuans subsp. alphonsei	Thomas 1903	SUBSPECIES		alphonsei	aestuans	Guerlinguetus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400084	Sciurus aestuans subsp. garbei	Pinto 1931	SUBSPECIES		garbei	aestuans	Guerlinguetus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400085	Sciurus aestuans subsp. georgihernandezi	Barriga-Bonilla 1966	SUBSPECIES		georgihernandezi	aestuans	Guerlinguetus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400629	Prosciurillus murinus subsp. griseus	Sody 1949	SUBSPECIES		griseus	murinus		Prosciurillus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400087	Sciurus aestuans subsp. ingrami	Thomas 1901	SUBSPECIES		ingrami	aestuans	Guerlinguetus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400088	Sciurus aestuans subsp. macconnelli	Thomas 1901	SUBSPECIES		macconnelli	aestuans	Guerlinguetus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400089	Sciurus aestuans subsp. poaiae	Moojen 1942	SUBSPECIES		poaiae	aestuans	Guerlinguetus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400090	Sciurus aestuans subsp. quelchii	Thomas 1901	SUBSPECIES		quelchii	aestuans	Guerlinguetus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400109	Sciurus carolinensis subsp. pennsylvanicus	Ord 1815	SUBSPECIES		pennsylvanicus	carolinensis	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400128	Sciurus granatensis subsp. bondae	J. A. Allen 1899	SUBSPECIES		bondae	granatensis	Guerlinguetus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400129	Sciurus granatensis subsp. candelensis	J. A. Allen 1914	SUBSPECIES		candelensis	granatensis	Guerlinguetus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400093	Sciurus anomalus	Gmelin 1778	SPECIES			anomalus	Tenes	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Syst. Nat., 13th ed. vol.1 p.148		caucasicus  Pallas, 1811; fulvus Blanford, 1875 ; russatus Wagner, 1842; pallescens (Gray, 1867); syriacus Ehrenberg, 1828; historicus Gray, 1867; persicus auctorum ignotus [author unknown; the name persicus was assigned by Erxleben, 1777, to S. G. Gmelins description (1774, p. 379, fig. 43 ) of Sciurus persicus, which was, however, based on a dormouse, Myoxus glis. It is still used for S. anomalus (cf. Pavlinov et al., 1995)].	Turkey, Transcaucasia (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia), N and W Iran, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Palestine, Jordan, and Iraq. Newly reported from Lesbos Isl, Greece (Hecht-Markou, 1995).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Tenes (Corbet, 1978c:76). Reviewed by Harrison and Bates (1991).	Caucasian Squirrel
12400094	Sciurus anomalus subsp. anomalus	Gmelin 1778	SUBSPECIES		anomalus	anomalus	Tenes	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Syst. Nat., 13th ed. vol.1 p.148						
12400095	Sciurus anomalus subsp. pallescens	Gray 1867	SUBSPECIES		pallescens	anomalus	Tenes	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400096	Sciurus anomalus subsp. syriacus	Ehrenberg 1828	SUBSPECIES		syriacus	anomalus	Tenes	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400097	Sciurus arizonensis	Coues 1867	SPECIES			arizonensis	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Am. Nat. vol.1 p.357		catalinae  Doutt, 1931; huachuca J. A. Allen, 1894.	C and SE Arizona and WC New Mexico (USA); NE Sonora (Mexico).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Sciurus (Hall, 1981:432). Reviewed by Best and Riedel (1995, Mammalian Species No. 496).	Arizona Gray Squirrel
12400098	Sciurus arizonensis subsp. arizonensis	Coues 1867	SUBSPECIES		arizonensis	arizonensis	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Am. Nat. vol.1 p.357						
12400099	Sciurus arizonensis subsp. catalinae	Doutt 1931	SUBSPECIES		catalinae	arizonensis	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400100	Sciurus arizonensis subsp. huachuca	J. A. Allen 1894	SUBSPECIES		huachuca	arizonensis	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400101	Sciurus aureogaster	F. Cuvier 1829	SPECIES			aureogaster	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	In E. Geoffroy and F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mammifères, pt. 3 vol.6 59 p.1-2 "Ecureuil de la Californie"		chrysogaster  Giebel, 1855; ferruginiventris Audubon and Bachman, 1841; hypopyrrhus Wagler, 1831; hypoxanthus I. Geoffroy, 1855; leucogaster F. Cuvier, 1831; maurus Gray, 1867; morio Gray, 1867; mustelinus Audubon and Bachman, 1841; raviventer Lichtenstein, 1830; rufiventris Rovirosa, 1887; nigrescens Bennett, 1833; affinis Alston, 1878; albipes Wagner, 1837; cervicalis J. A. Allen, 1890; chiapensis Nelson, 1899; cocos Nelson, 1898; colimensis Nelson, 1898; effugius Nelson, 1898; frumentor Nelson, 1898; griseoflavus Gray, 1867; hernandezi Nelson, 1898; hirtus Nelson, 1898; leucops Gray, 1867; littoralis Nelson, 1907; nelsoni Merriam, 1893; nemoralis Nelson, 1898; perigrinator Nelson, 1904; poliopus Fitzinger, 1867; quercinus Nelson, 1898; rufipes Fitzinger, 1867; senex Nelson, 1904; socialis Wagner, 1837; tepicanus J. A. Allen, 1906; varius Wagner, 1843; wagneri J. A. Allen, 1898.	SW and C Guatemala to Guanajuato to Nayarit and Nuevo Leon (Mexico).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Sciurus (Hall, 1981:418). Revised by Musser (1968), who also designated a lectotype and confirmed the type locality restriction (Musser, 1970c). Includes griseoflavus, nelsoni, poliopus, and socialis (Musser, 1968). Introduced to Elliot Key, Dade County, Florida (USA) (Brown and McGuire, 1975).	Red-bellied Squirrel
12400102	Sciurus aureogaster subsp. aureogaster	F. Cuvier 1829	SUBSPECIES		aureogaster	aureogaster	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	In E. Geoffroy and F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mammifères, pt. 3 vol.6 59 p.1-2 "Ecureuil de la Californie"						
12400103	Sciurus aureogaster subsp. nigrescens	Bennett 1833	SUBSPECIES		nigrescens	aureogaster	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400104	Sciurus carolinensis	Gmelin 1788	SPECIES			carolinensis	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	In Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 13th ed. vol.1 p.148		extimus  Bangs, 1896; matecumbei Bailey, 1937; minutus Bailey, 1937; fuliginosus Bachman, 1839; hypophaeus Merriam, 1886; pennsylvanicus Ord, 1815; hiemalis Ord, 1815; leucotis Gapper, 1830; migratorius Audubon and Bachman, 1849.	E Texas (USA) to Saskatchewan (Canada) and east to Atlantic Coast. Introduced into Britain, Scotland, Ireland, Italy, Australia, South Africa, and various localities in W North America.		Subgenus Sciurus (Hall, 1981:417). Reviewed by Koprowski (1994b, Mammalian Species No. 480).	Eastern Gray Squirrel
12400545	Dremomys lokriah subsp. pagus	Moore 1956	SUBSPECIES		pagus	lokriah		Dremomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400105	Sciurus carolinensis subsp. carolinensis	Gmelin 1788	SUBSPECIES		carolinensis	carolinensis	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	In Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 13th ed. vol.1 p.148						
12400106	Sciurus carolinensis subsp. extimus	Bangs 1896	SUBSPECIES		extimus	carolinensis	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400107	Sciurus carolinensis subsp. fuliginosus	Bachman 1839	SUBSPECIES		fuliginosus	carolinensis	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400110	Sciurus colliaei	Richardson 1839	SPECIES			colliaei	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Zool. Capt. Beechey's Voy. p.8		nuchalis  Nelson, 1899; sinaloensis Nelson, 1899; truei Nelson, 1899.	Mexico: WC coast including Sonora, Chihuahua, Sinaloa, Durango, Nayarit, Jalisco, and Colima.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Sciurus (Hall, 1981:421). Includes sinaloensis and truei (Anderson, 1962). Reviewed by Best (1995b, Mammalian Species No. 497).	Collie's Squirrel
12400111	Sciurus colliaei subsp. colliaei	Richardson 1839	SUBSPECIES		colliaei	colliaei	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Zool. Capt. Beechey's Voy. p.8						
12400112	Sciurus colliaei subsp. nuchalis	Nelson 1899	SUBSPECIES		nuchalis	colliaei	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400113	Sciurus colliaei subsp. sinaloensis	Nelson 1899	SUBSPECIES		sinaloensis	colliaei	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400114	Sciurus colliaei subsp. truei	Nelson 1899	SUBSPECIES		truei	colliaei	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400115	Sciurus deppei	Peters 1863	SPECIES			deppei	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1863 p.654		taeniurus  Gray, 1867; tephrogaster Gray, 1867; matagalpae J. A. Allen, 1908; miravallensis Harris, 1931; negligens Nelson, 1898; vivax Nelson, 1901.	Tamaulipas (Mexico) to Costa Rica.	CITES  Appendix III (Costa Rica); IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Sciurus (Hall, 1981:426). Reviewed by Best (1995c, Mammalian Species No. 505).	Deppe's Squirrel
12400116	Sciurus deppei subsp. deppei	Peters 1863	SUBSPECIES		deppei	deppei	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1863 p.654						
12400117	Sciurus deppei subsp. matagalpae	J. A. Allen 1908	SUBSPECIES		matagalpae	deppei	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400118	Sciurus deppei subsp. miravallensis	Harris 1931	SUBSPECIES		miravallensis	deppei	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400119	Sciurus deppei subsp. negligens	Nelson 1898	SUBSPECIES		negligens	deppei	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400120	Sciurus deppei subsp. vivax	Nelson 1901	SUBSPECIES		vivax	deppei	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400121	Sciurus flammifer	Thomas 1904	SPECIES			flammifer	Hadrosciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.14 p.33			Venezuela south of Orinoco River from the Colombian border to Cuidad Bolivar.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Hadrosciurus; see Cabrera (1961:374).	Fiery Squirrel
12400122	Sciurus gilvigularis	Wagner 1842	SPECIES			gilvigularis	Guerlinguetus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Arch. Naturgesch. vol.2 p.43		gilviventris  Pelzeln, 1883; paraensis Goeldi and Hagmann, 1904.	N Brazil, Guyana, Venezuela.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Guerlinguetus; see Avila-Pires (1964). Cabrera (1961:359) included gilvigularis and paraensis in aestuans.	Yellow-throated Squirrel
12400123	Sciurus gilvigularis subsp. gilvigularis	Wagner 1842	SUBSPECIES		gilvigularis	gilvigularis	Guerlinguetus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Arch. Naturgesch. vol.2 p.43						
12400124	Sciurus gilvigularis subsp. paraensis	Goeldi and Hagmann 1904	SUBSPECIES		paraensis	gilvigularis	Guerlinguetus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400152	Sciurus granatensis subsp. sumaco	Cabrera 1917	SUBSPECIES		sumaco	granatensis	Guerlinguetus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400153	Sciurus granatensis subsp. tarrae	Hershkovitz 1947	SUBSPECIES		tarrae	granatensis	Guerlinguetus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400155	Sciurus granatensis subsp. variabilis	I. Geoffroy St. Hilaire 1832	SUBSPECIES		variabilis	granatensis	Guerlinguetus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400156	Sciurus granatensis subsp. versicolor	Thomas 1900	SUBSPECIES		versicolor	granatensis	Guerlinguetus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400157	Sciurus granatensis subsp. zuliae	Osgood 1910	SUBSPECIES		zuliae	granatensis	Guerlinguetus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400243	Sciurus yucatanensis	J. A. Allen 1877	SPECIES			yucatanensis	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	In Coues and Allen, Mongr. N Am. Rodentia; U.S. Geol. Geograph. Survey Terr., Rep. vol.11 p.705		baliolus  Nelson, 1901; phaeopus Goodwin, 1932.	Yucatan Peninsula (Mexico); N and SW Belize; N Guatemala.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Sciurus (Hall, 1981:422). Reviewed by Best et al. (1995, Mammalian Species No. 506).	Yucatan Squirrel
12400125	Sciurus granatensis	Humboldt 1811	SPECIES			granatensis	Guerlinguetus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Rec. Observ. Zool. vol.1(1805) p.8		agricolae  Hershkovitz, 1947; bondae J. A. Allen, 1899; candelensis (J. A. Allen, 1914); carchensis Harris and Hershkovitz, 1938; chapmani J. A. Allen, 1899; quebradensis J. A. Allen, 1899; tobagensis Ogsood, 1910; chiriquensis Bangs, 1902; chrysuros Pucheran, 1845; hyporrhodus Gray, 1867; rufoniger Pucheran, 1845; ferminae (Cabrera, 1917); gerrardi Gray, 1861; griseimembra (J. A. Allen, 1914); griseogena (Gray, 1867); klagesi Thomas, 1914; hoffmanni Peters, 1863; xanthotus (Gray, 1867); imbaburae Harris and Hershkovitz, 1938; llanensis Mondolfi and Boher, 1984; manavi (J. A. Allen, 1914); maracaibensis Hershkovitz, 1947; meridensis Thomas, 1901; tamae Osgood, 1912; morulus Bangs, 1900; baudensis J. A. Allen, 1915; choco Goldman, 1915; salaquensis J. A. Allen, 1914; nesaeus G. M. Allen, 1902; norosiensis Hershkovitz, 1947; perijae Hershkovitz, 1947; quindianus (J. A. Allen, 1914); saltuensis Bangs, 1898; soederstroemi Stone, 1914; rhoadsi (J. A. Allen, 1914); splendidus Gray, 1842; magdalenae J. A. Allen, 1914; sumaco (Cabrera, 1917); tarrae Hershkovitz, 1947; valdiviae (J. A. Allen, 1915); variabilis I. Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 1832; versicolor Thomas, 1900; inconstans Osgood, 1921; leonis Lawrence, 1933; milleri J. A. Allen, 1912; zuliae Osgood, 1910; cucutae J. A. Allen, 1914. <u>Not allocated to subspecies</u>: llanensis Mondolfi and Boher, 1984.	Costa Rica, Colombia, Ecuador, Margarita Isl, Panama, Trinidad, Tobago, Venezuela.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Guerlinguetus; see Hall (1981:436) and Nitikman (1985, Mammalian Species, 246). Subspecies recognized according to Cabrera (1961).	Red-tailed Squirrel
12400126	Sciurus granatensis subsp. granatensis	Humboldt 1811	SUBSPECIES		granatensis	granatensis	Guerlinguetus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Rec. Observ. Zool. vol.1(1805) p.8						
12400127	Sciurus granatensis subsp. agricolae	Hershkovitz 1947	SUBSPECIES		agricolae	granatensis	Guerlinguetus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400130	Sciurus granatensis subsp. carchensis	Harris and Hershkovitz 1938	SUBSPECIES		carchensis	granatensis	Guerlinguetus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400131	Sciurus granatensis subsp. chapmani	J. A. Allen 1899	SUBSPECIES		chapmani	granatensis	Guerlinguetus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400132	Sciurus granatensis subsp. chiriquensis	Bangs 1902	SUBSPECIES		chiriquensis	granatensis	Guerlinguetus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400133	Sciurus granatensis subsp. chrysuros	Pucheran 1845	SUBSPECIES		chrysuros	granatensis	Guerlinguetus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400134	Sciurus granatensis subsp. ferminae	Cabrera 1917	SUBSPECIES		ferminae	granatensis	Guerlinguetus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400135	Sciurus granatensis subsp. gerrardi	Gray 1861	SUBSPECIES		gerrardi	granatensis	Guerlinguetus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400136	Sciurus granatensis subsp. griseimembra	J. A. Allen 1914	SUBSPECIES		griseimembra	granatensis	Guerlinguetus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400137	Sciurus granatensis subsp. griseogena	Gray 1867	SUBSPECIES		griseogena	granatensis	Guerlinguetus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400138	Sciurus granatensis subsp. hoffmanni	Peters 1863	SUBSPECIES		hoffmanni	granatensis	Guerlinguetus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400139	Sciurus granatensis subsp. imbaburae	Harris and Hershkovitz 1938	SUBSPECIES		imbaburae	granatensis	Guerlinguetus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400140	Sciurus granatensis subsp. llanensis	Mondolfi and Boher 1984	SUBSPECIES		llanensis	granatensis	Guerlinguetus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400141	Sciurus granatensis subsp. manavi	J. A. Allen 1914	SUBSPECIES		manavi	granatensis	Guerlinguetus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400142	Sciurus granatensis subsp. maracaibensis	Hershkovitz 1947	SUBSPECIES		maracaibensis	granatensis	Guerlinguetus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400143	Sciurus granatensis subsp. meridensis	Thomas 1901	SUBSPECIES		meridensis	granatensis	Guerlinguetus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400144	Sciurus granatensis subsp. morulus	Bangs 1900	SUBSPECIES		morulus	granatensis	Guerlinguetus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400145	Sciurus granatensis subsp. nesaeus	G. M. Allen 1902	SUBSPECIES		nesaeus	granatensis	Guerlinguetus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400146	Sciurus granatensis subsp. norosiensis	Hershkovitz 1947	SUBSPECIES		norosiensis	granatensis	Guerlinguetus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400147	Sciurus granatensis subsp. perijae	Hershkovitz 1947	SUBSPECIES		perijae	granatensis	Guerlinguetus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400148	Sciurus granatensis subsp. quindianus	J. A. Allen 1914	SUBSPECIES		quindianus	granatensis	Guerlinguetus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400149	Sciurus granatensis subsp. saltuensis	Bangs 1898	SUBSPECIES		saltuensis	granatensis	Guerlinguetus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400150	Sciurus granatensis subsp. soederstroemi	Stone 1914	SUBSPECIES		soederstroemi	granatensis	Guerlinguetus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400151	Sciurus granatensis subsp. splendidus	Gray 1842	SUBSPECIES		splendidus	granatensis	Guerlinguetus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400154	Sciurus granatensis subsp. valdiviae	J. A. Allen 1915	SUBSPECIES		valdiviae	granatensis	Guerlinguetus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12800267	Thomomys bottae subsp. robustus	Durrant 1946	SUBSPECIES		robustus	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12400158	Sciurus griseus	Ord 1818	SPECIES			griseus	Hesperosciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	J. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. Arts Paris vol.87 p.152		fossor  Peale, 1848; heermanni Le Conte, 1852; leporinus Audubon and Bachman, 1841; anthonyi Mearns, 1897; nigripes Bryant, 1889.	C Washington, W Oregon, and California (USA) to Baja California Norte (Mexico).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Hesperosciurus (Hall, 1981:433). Reviewed by Carraway and Verts (1994, Mammalian Species No. 474).	Western Gray Squirrel
12400159	Sciurus griseus subsp. griseus	Ord 1818	SUBSPECIES		griseus	griseus	Hesperosciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	J. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. Arts Paris vol.87 p.152						
12400160	Sciurus griseus subsp. anthonyi	Mearns 1897	SUBSPECIES		anthonyi	griseus	Hesperosciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400161	Sciurus griseus subsp. nigripes	Bryant 1889	SUBSPECIES		nigripes	griseus	Hesperosciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400162	Sciurus ignitus	Gray 1867	SPECIES			ignitus	Guerlinguetus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3 vol.20 p.429		cuscinus  Thomas, 1899; ochrescens Thomas, 1914; argentinius Thomas, 1921; boliviensis Osgood, 1921; leucogaster (J. A. Allen, 1915); cabrerai Moojen, 1958; irroratus (Gray, 1867).	Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, and Peru.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Guerlinguetus; subspecies according to Cabrera (1961:370-371).	Bolivian Squirrel
12400163	Sciurus ignitus subsp. ignitus	Gray 1867	SUBSPECIES		ignitus	ignitus	Guerlinguetus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3 vol.20 p.429						
12400164	Sciurus ignitus subsp. argentinius	Thomas 1921	SUBSPECIES		argentinius	ignitus	Guerlinguetus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400165	Sciurus ignitus subsp. boliviensis	Osgood 1921	SUBSPECIES		boliviensis	ignitus	Guerlinguetus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400166	Sciurus ignitus subsp. cabrerai	Moojen 1958	SUBSPECIES		cabrerai	ignitus	Guerlinguetus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400167	Sciurus ignitus subsp. irroratus	Gray 1867	SUBSPECIES		irroratus	ignitus	Guerlinguetus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400168	Sciurus igniventris	Wagner 1842	SPECIES			igniventris	Urosciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Arch. Naturg. vol.1 p.360		taedifer  Thomas, 1900; cocalis Thomas, 1900; zamorae J. A. Allen, 1914. <u>Not allocated to subspecies</u>: duida J. A. Allen, 1914; fulminatus Thomas, 1926; manhanensis (Moojen, 1942).	Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Urosciurus; see Patton (1984). Lawrence (1988:1) restricted duida to this species although it has also been referred to S. spadiceus; the holotype is a composite.	Northern Amazon Red Squirrel
12400169	Sciurus igniventris subsp. igniventris	Wagner 1842	SUBSPECIES		igniventris	igniventris	Urosciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Arch. Naturg. vol.1 p.360						
12400170	Sciurus igniventris subsp. cocalis	Thomas 1900	SUBSPECIES		cocalis	igniventris	Urosciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400171	Sciurus lis	Temminck 1844	SPECIES			lis	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Fauna Japonica vol.1(Mamm.) p.45			Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu (Japan).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Sciurus (Corbet, 1978c:77). Oshida et al. (1996a), and Oshida and Yoshida (1997) described chromosomes.	Japanese Squirrel
12400172	Sciurus nayaritensis	J. A. Allen 1890	SPECIES			nayaritensis	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.2 p.7, footnote		alstoni  J. A. Allen, 1889; apache J. A. Allen, 1893; chiricahuae Goldman, 1933.	Jalisco (Mexico) north to SE Arizona (USA).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Sciurus (Hall, 1981:431). Includes chiricahuae and apache (Hall, 1981:431; Lee and Hoffmeister, 1963). Reviewed by Best (1995d, Mammalian Species No. 492).	Mexican Fox Squirrel
12400173	Sciurus nayaritensis subsp. nayaritensis	J. A. Allen 1890	SUBSPECIES		nayaritensis	nayaritensis	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.2 p.7, footnote						
12400174	Sciurus nayaritensis subsp. apache	J. A. Allen 1893	SUBSPECIES		apache	nayaritensis	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400175	Sciurus nayaritensis subsp. chiricahuae	Goldman 1933	SUBSPECIES		chiricahuae	nayaritensis	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400196	Sciurus richmondi	Nelson 1898	SPECIES			richmondi	Guerlinguetus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.12 p.146			Nicaragua.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Guerlinguetus (Hall, 1981:436). Reviewed by Jones and Genoways (1975b, Mammalian Species No. 53).	Richmond's Squirrel
12400197	Sciurus sanborni	Osgood 1944	SPECIES			sanborni	Guerlinguetus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser. vol.29 p.191			Madre de Dios Dept., Peru.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Guerlinguetus; see Cabrera (1961:373).	Sanborn's Squirrel
12400176	Sciurus niger	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			niger	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.64		capistratus  Bosc, 1802; avicinnia A H. Howell, 1919; bachmani Lowery and Davis, 1942; cinereus Linnaeus, 1758; bryanti Bailey, 1920; neglectus (Gray, 1867); limitis Baird, 1855; ludovicianus Custis, 1806; texianus Bachman, 1839; rufiventer E. Geoffroy, 1803; macroura Say, 1823; magnificaudatus Harlan, 1825; ruber Rafinesque, 1820; rubicaudatus Audubon and Bachman, 1851; sayii Audubon and Bachman, 1851; shermani Moore, 1956; subauratus Bachman, 1839; auduboni Bachman, 1839; vulpinus Gmelin, 1788; vicinus Bangs, 1896.	Texas (USA) and adjacent Mexico, north to Manitoba (Canada) east to the Atlantic Coast.	U.S. ESA  Endangered as S. n. cinereus; nonessential experimental population in Sussex Co., Delaware (USA); IUCN  Data Deficient as S. n. vulpinus, Lower Risk (conservation dependent) as S. n. avicinnia and S. n. cinereus, Lower Risk (nt) as S. n. shermani, otherwise Lower Risk (lc) as S. niger.	Subgenus Sciurus (Hall, 1981:427). Reviewed by Koprowski (1994a, Mammalian Species No. 479).	Eastern Fox Squirrel
12400177	Sciurus niger subsp. niger	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		niger	niger	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.64						
12400178	Sciurus niger subsp. avicinnia	A H. Howell 1919	SUBSPECIES		avicinnia	niger	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400179	Sciurus niger subsp. bachmani	Lowery and Davis 1942	SUBSPECIES		bachmani	niger	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400180	Sciurus niger subsp. cinereus	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		cinereus	niger	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400181	Sciurus niger subsp. limitis	Baird 1855	SUBSPECIES		limitis	niger	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400182	Sciurus niger subsp. ludovicianus	Custis 1806	SUBSPECIES		ludovicianus	niger	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400183	Sciurus niger subsp. rufiventer	E. Geoffroy 1803	SUBSPECIES		rufiventer	niger	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400184	Sciurus niger subsp. shermani	Moore 1956	SUBSPECIES		shermani	niger	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400185	Sciurus niger subsp. subauratus	Bachman 1839	SUBSPECIES		subauratus	niger	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400186	Sciurus niger subsp. vulpinus	Gmelin 1788	SUBSPECIES		vulpinus	niger	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400187	Sciurus oculatus	Peters 1863	SPECIES			oculatus	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1863 p.653		capistratus  Lichtenstein, 1830; melanonotus Thomas, 1890; shawi Dalquest, 1950; tolucae Nelson, 1898.	Mexico: San Luis Potosi, Hidalgo, Veracruz, Puebla, Mexico, Queretaro and Guanajuato.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Sciurus (Hall, 1981:430). Reviewed by Best (1995e, Mammalian Species No. 498).	Peters's Squirrel
12400188	Sciurus oculatus subsp. oculatus	Peters 1863	SUBSPECIES		oculatus	oculatus	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1863 p.653						
12400189	Sciurus oculatus subsp. shawi	Dalquest 1950	SUBSPECIES		shawi	oculatus	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400190	Sciurus oculatus subsp. tolucae	Nelson 1898	SUBSPECIES		tolucae	oculatus	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400191	Sciurus pucheranii	Fitzinger 1867	SPECIES			pucheranii	Guerlinguetus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Sitzb. Math. Naturw. Cl. vol.55 Abth., 1 p.487		minor  (Alston, 1878); caucensis Nelson, 1899; medellinensis (Gray, 1867); salentensis (J. A. Allen, 1914).	Colombian Andes.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Guerlinguetus; see Cabrera (1961:372) and Eisenberg (1989). Moore (1959) placed pucheranii in the genus Microsciurus. Subspecies according to Cabrera (1961).	Andean Squirrel
12400192	Sciurus pucheranii subsp. pucheranii	Fitzinger 1867	SUBSPECIES		pucheranii	pucheranii	Guerlinguetus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Sitzb. Math. Naturw. Cl. vol.55 Abth., 1 p.487						
12400193	Sciurus pucheranii subsp. caucensis	Nelson 1899	SUBSPECIES		caucensis	pucheranii	Guerlinguetus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400194	Sciurus pucheranii subsp. medellinensis	Gray 1867	SUBSPECIES		medellinensis	pucheranii	Guerlinguetus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400195	Sciurus pyrrhinus	Thomas 1898	SPECIES			pyrrhinus	Hadrosciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.2 p.265		variabilis  Tschudi, 1844.	E slopes of the Andes of Peru.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Hadrosciurus; see Cabrera (1961:378). J. A. Allen (1915b) placed pyrrhinus in the genus Mesosciurus.	Junín Red Squirrel
12400216	Sciurus variegatoides subsp. rigidus	Peters 1863	SUBSPECIES		rigidus	variegatoides	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400198	Sciurus spadiceus	Olfers 1818	SPECIES			spadiceus	Urosciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	In Eschwege, J. Brasilien Neue Bibliothek. Reisenb. vol.15 2 p.208		langsdorffi  Brandt, 1835; steinbachi J. A. Allen, 1914; tricolor Tschudi, 1844. <u>Not allocated to subspecies</u>: brunneo-niger (Gray, 1867); castus Thomas, 1903; fumigatus (Gray, 1867); juralis Thomas, 1926; morio Wagner, 1848; nigratus (Pinto, 1931); purusianus (Moojen, 1942); pyrrhonotus Wagner, 1842; rondoniae (Moojen, 1942); taparius Thomas, 1926; urucumus J. A. Allen, 1914.	Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Urosciurus; for subspecies see Patton (1984).	Southern Amazon Red Squirrel
12401134	Neotamias	A. H. Howell 1929	SUBGENUS				Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400199	Sciurus spadiceus subsp. spadiceus	Olfers 1818	SUBSPECIES		spadiceus	spadiceus	Urosciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	In Eschwege, J. Brasilien Neue Bibliothek. Reisenb. vol.15 2 p.208						
12400200	Sciurus spadiceus subsp. steinbachi	J. A. Allen 1914	SUBSPECIES		steinbachi	spadiceus	Urosciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400201	Sciurus spadiceus subsp. tricolor	Tschudi 1844	SUBSPECIES		tricolor	spadiceus	Urosciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400202	Sciurus stramineus	Eydoux and Souleyet 1841	SPECIES			stramineus	Guerlinguetus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	In Vaillant, Voy. autour du monde...la Bonite, Zool. vol.1 p.73		fraseri  (Gray, 1867); guayanus Thomas, 1900; nebouxii I. Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 1855; zarumae J. A. Allen, 1914.	Extreme SW Peru and SW Ecuador in the area surrounding the Gulf of Guayaquil.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Guerlinguetus; see Cabrera (1961:373).	Guayaquil Squirrel
12400203	Sciurus variegatoides	Ogilby 1839	SPECIES			variegatoides	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1839 p.117		griseocaudatus  Gray, 1843; pyladei Lesson, 1842; adolphei Lesson, 1842; annalium Thomas, 1905; atrirufus Harris, 1930; bangsi Dickey, 1928; belti Nelson, 1899; boothiae Gray, 1843; fuscovariegatus Schinz, 1845; richardsoni Gray, 1842; dorsalis Gray, 1849; goldmani Nelson, 1898; helveolus Goldman, 1912; loweryi McPherson, 1972; managuensis Nelson, 1898; melania (Gray, 1867); rigidus Peters, 1863; austini Harris, 1933; intermedius Gray, 1867; nicoyana Gray, 1867; thomasi Nelson, 1899; underwoodi Goldman, 1932.	S Chiapas (Mexico), through Central America to Panama.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Sciurus; includes goldmani (Hall, 1981:424). Revised by Harris (1937). Reviewed by Best (1995f, Mammalian Species No. 500).	Variegated Squirrel
12400204	Sciurus variegatoides subsp. variegatoides	Ogilby 1839	SUBSPECIES		variegatoides	variegatoides	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1839 p.117						
12400205	Sciurus variegatoides subsp. adolphei	Lesson 1842	SUBSPECIES		adolphei	variegatoides	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400206	Sciurus variegatoides subsp. atrirufus	Harris 1930	SUBSPECIES		atrirufus	variegatoides	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400207	Sciurus variegatoides subsp. bangsi	Dickey 1928	SUBSPECIES		bangsi	variegatoides	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400208	Sciurus variegatoides subsp. belti	Nelson 1899	SUBSPECIES		belti	variegatoides	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400209	Sciurus variegatoides subsp. boothiae	Gray 1843	SUBSPECIES		boothiae	variegatoides	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400210	Sciurus variegatoides subsp. dorsalis	Gray 1849	SUBSPECIES		dorsalis	variegatoides	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400211	Sciurus variegatoides subsp. goldmani	Nelson 1898	SUBSPECIES		goldmani	variegatoides	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400212	Sciurus variegatoides subsp. helveolus	Goldman 1912	SUBSPECIES		helveolus	variegatoides	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400213	Sciurus variegatoides subsp. loweryi	McPherson 1972	SUBSPECIES		loweryi	variegatoides	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400214	Sciurus variegatoides subsp. managuensis	Nelson 1898	SUBSPECIES		managuensis	variegatoides	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400215	Sciurus variegatoides subsp. melania	Gray 1867	SUBSPECIES		melania	variegatoides	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400217	Sciurus variegatoides subsp. thomasi	Nelson 1899	SUBSPECIES		thomasi	variegatoides	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400218	Sciurus variegatoides subsp. underwoodi	Goldman 1932	SUBSPECIES		underwoodi	variegatoides	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400244	Sciurus yucatanensis subsp. yucatanensis	J. A. Allen 1877	SUBSPECIES		yucatanensis	yucatanensis	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	In Coues and Allen, Mongr. N Am. Rodentia; U.S. Geol. Geograph. Survey Terr., Rep. vol.11 p.705						
12400245	Sciurus yucatanensis subsp. baliolus	Nelson 1901	SUBSPECIES		baliolus	yucatanensis	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400246	Sciurus yucatanensis subsp. phaeopus	Goodwin 1932	SUBSPECIES		phaeopus	yucatanensis	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400219	Sciurus vulgaris	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			vulgaris	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.63		albonotatus  Billberg, 1827; albus Billberg, 1827; carpathicus Pietruski, 1853; europaeus Gray, 1843; niger Billberg, 1827; rufus Kerr, 1792; typicus Barret-Hamilton, 1899; alpinus Desmarest, 1822; baeticus Cabrera, 1905; hoffmanni Valverde, 1967; infuscatus Cabrera, 1905; italicus Bonaparte, 1838; meridionalis Lucifero, 1907; numantius Miller, 1907; segurae Miller, 1909; silanus Hecht, 1931; altaicus Serebrennikov, 1928; anadyrensis Ognev, 1929; arcticus Trouessart, 1906; jacutensis Ognev, 1929; balcanicus Heinrich, 1936; istrandjae Heinrich, 1936; rhodopensis Heinrich, 1936; chiliensis Sowerby, 1921; cinerea Hermann, 1804; dulkeiti Ognev, 1929; exalbidus Pallas, 1778; argenteus Kerr, 1792; kalbinensis Selevin, 1924; fedjushini Ognev, 1935; formosovi Ognev, 1935; fuscoater Altum, 1876; brunnea Altum, 1876; gotthardi Fatio, 1905; graeca Altum, 1876; nigrescens Altum, 1876; russus Miller, 1907; rutilans Miller, 1907; fusconigricans Dwigubski, 1804; leucourus Kerr, 1792; lilaeus Miller, 1907; ameliae Cabrera, 1924; croaticus Wettstein, 1927; mantchuricus Thomas, 1909; coreae Sowerby, 1921; coreanus Kishida, 1924; martensi Matschie, 1901; jenissejensis Ognev, 1935; ognevi Migulin, 1928; bashkiricus Ognev, 1935; golzmajeri 1960; uralensis Ognev, 1935; orientis Thomas, 1906; rupestris Thomas, 1907; ukrainicus Migulin, 1928; kessleri Migulin, 1928; varius Gmelin, 1789. <u>Not allocated to subspecies</u>: fuscorubens Dwigubski, 1804; nadymensis Serebrennikov, 1928; subalpinus Burg, 1920; talahutky Brass, 1911.	Forested regions of Palearctic, from Iberia and Great Britain east to Kamchatka Peninsula and Sakhalin Isl (Russia); south to Mediterranean and Black Seas, N Mongolia, W and NE China.	IUCN  Near Threatened.	Subgenus Sciurus. For discussion of taxonomy, see Sidorowicz (1971), Corbet (1978c), Wiltafsky (1978), and Gromov and Erbaeva (1995). Oshida et al. (1993) and Oshida and Yoshida (1997) described chromosomes of S. v. orientis.	Eurasian Red Squirrel
12400220	Sciurus vulgaris subsp. vulgaris	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		vulgaris	vulgaris	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.63						
12400221	Sciurus vulgaris subsp. alpinus	Desmarest 1822	SUBSPECIES		alpinus	vulgaris	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400222	Sciurus vulgaris subsp. altaicus	Serebrennikov 1928	SUBSPECIES		altaicus	vulgaris	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400223	Sciurus vulgaris subsp. anadyrensis	Ognev 1929	SUBSPECIES		anadyrensis	vulgaris	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400224	Sciurus vulgaris subsp. arcticus	Trouessart 1906	SUBSPECIES		arcticus	vulgaris	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400225	Sciurus vulgaris subsp. balcanicus	Heinrich 1936	SUBSPECIES		balcanicus	vulgaris	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400226	Sciurus vulgaris subsp. chiliensis	Sowerby 1921	SUBSPECIES		chiliensis	vulgaris	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400227	Sciurus vulgaris subsp. cinerea	Hermann 1804	SUBSPECIES		cinerea	vulgaris	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400228	Sciurus vulgaris subsp. dulkeiti	Ognev 1929	SUBSPECIES		dulkeiti	vulgaris	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400229	Sciurus vulgaris subsp. exalbidus	Pallas 1778	SUBSPECIES		exalbidus	vulgaris	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400230	Sciurus vulgaris subsp. fedjushini	Ognev 1935	SUBSPECIES		fedjushini	vulgaris	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400231	Sciurus vulgaris subsp. formosovi	Ognev 1935	SUBSPECIES		formosovi	vulgaris	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400232	Sciurus vulgaris subsp. fuscoater	Altum 1876	SUBSPECIES		fuscoater	vulgaris	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400233	Sciurus vulgaris subsp. fusconigricans	Dwigubski 1804	SUBSPECIES		fusconigricans	vulgaris	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400234	Sciurus vulgaris subsp. leucourus	Kerr 1792	SUBSPECIES		leucourus	vulgaris	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400235	Sciurus vulgaris subsp. lilaeus	Miller 1907	SUBSPECIES		lilaeus	vulgaris	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400236	Sciurus vulgaris subsp. mantchuricus	Thomas 1909	SUBSPECIES		mantchuricus	vulgaris	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400237	Sciurus vulgaris subsp. martensi	Matschie 1901	SUBSPECIES		martensi	vulgaris	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400238	Sciurus vulgaris subsp. ognevi	Migulin 1928	SUBSPECIES		ognevi	vulgaris	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400239	Sciurus vulgaris subsp. orientis	Thomas 1906	SUBSPECIES		orientis	vulgaris	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia						Oshida et al. (1993) and Oshida and Yoshida (1997) described chromosomes of S. v. orientis.	
12400240	Sciurus vulgaris subsp. rupestris	Thomas 1907	SUBSPECIES		rupestris	vulgaris	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400241	Sciurus vulgaris subsp. ukrainicus	Migulin 1928	SUBSPECIES		ukrainicus	vulgaris	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400242	Sciurus vulgaris subsp. varius	Gmelin 1789	SUBSPECIES		varius	vulgaris	Sciurus	Sciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400265	Tamiasciurus hudsonicus subsp. loquax	Bangs 1896	SUBSPECIES		loquax	hudsonicus		Tamiasciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
13700652	Scalopus aquaticus subsp. texanus	J. A. Allen 1891	SUBSPECIES		texanus	aquaticus		Scalopus	Talpidae	Soricomorpha							
12400247	Syntheosciurus	Bangs 1902	GENUS					Syntheosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. vol.39 p.25	Syntheosciurus brochus Bangs, 1902.				Tribe Microsciurini according to Moore (1959). Goodwin (1946) suggested that Syntheosciurus might be a subgenus of Sciurus; but see Heaney and Hoffmann (1978), Enders (1980), and Hall (1981:438). Moore (1959:179) included Mesosciurus (granatensis, pyrrhinus) as a subgenus, but see Sciurus.	
12400248	Syntheosciurus brochus	Bangs 1902	SPECIES			brochus		Syntheosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. vol.39 p.25		poasensis  (Goodwin, 1942).	Costa Rica to N Panama.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Reviewed by Enders (1953:509), and Wells and Giacalone (1985, Mammalian Species, 249). Includes poasensis (Hall, 1981:438; Heaney and Hoffmann, 1978; Enders, 1980).	Bangss Mountain Squirrel
12400249	Tamiasciurus	Trouessart 1880	GENUS					Tamiasciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Le Naturaliste vol.2 37 p.292	[Sciurus vulgaris] hudsonicus Erxleben, 1777.				Tribe Tamiasciurini (Tamiasciurus + Sciurotamias) according to Moore (1959), but Black (1963) and Thorington et al. (1998) argued that the genus is closely related to Sciurus, which has been supported by molecular data (Mercer and Roth, 2003; Steppan et al., 2004).	
12400250	Tamiasciurus douglasii	Bachman 1838 "1839"	SPECIES			douglasii		Tamiasciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1838 p.99		belcheri  (Gray, 1842); suckleyi (Baird, 1855); mollipilosus (Audubon and Bachman, 1841); cascadensis (J. A. Allen, 1898); orarius (Bangs, 1897).	Coast and Cascade ranges and Sierra Nevada of SW British Columbia (not Vancouver Isl) (Canada) to S California (USA).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Formerly included mearnsi; see Lindsay (1981). Hall (1981:466) suggested that douglasii might be conspecific with hudsonicus, but Lindsay (1982) showed that apparent hybrids were probably due to character convergence. Reviewed by Steele (1999, Mammalian Species No. 630). Arbogast et al. (2001) found that mitochondrial DNA differed only slightly among the three species of Tamiasciurus.	Douglas's Squirrel
12400251	Tamiasciurus douglasii subsp. douglasii	Bachman 1838 "1839"	SUBSPECIES		douglasii	douglasii		Tamiasciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1838 p.99						
12400252	Tamiasciurus douglasii subsp. mollipilosus	Audubon and Bachman 1841	SUBSPECIES		mollipilosus	douglasii		Tamiasciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400253	Tamiasciurus hudsonicus	Erxleben 1777	SPECIES			hudsonicus		Tamiasciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Syst. Regn. Anim. vol.1 p.416		rubrolineatus  (Desmarest, 1822); abieticola (A. H. Howell, 1929); baileyi (J. A. Allen, 1898); columbiensis A. H. Howell, 1936; dakotensis (J. A. Allen, 1894); dixiensis Hardy, 1942; fremonti (Audubon and Bachman, 1853); wasatchensis Hardy, 1950; grahamensis (J. A. Allen, 1894); gymnicus (Bangs, 1899); kenaiensis A. H. Howell, 1936; lanuginosus (Bachman, 1839); vancouverensis (J. A. Allen, 1890); laurentianus Anderson, 1942; loquax (Bangs, 1896); lychnuchus (Stone and Rehn, 1903); minnesota (J. A. Allen, 1899); murii A. H. Howell, 1943; mogollonensis (Mearns, 1890); neomexicanus (J. A. Allen, 1898); pallescens A. H. Howell, 1942; petulans (Osgood, 1900); picatus (Swarth, 1921); preblei A. H. Howell, 1936; regalis A. H. Howell, 1936; richardsoni (Bachman, 1839); streatori (J. A. Allen, 1898); ungavensis Anderson, 1942; ventorum (J. A. Allen, 1898).	Alaska (USA), throughout Canada (south of tundra); including Vancouver Isl, W USA in mountain states; NE USA, south to NW South Carolina.	U.S. ESA  Endangered as T. h. grahamensis; IUCN  Critically Endangered as T. h. grahamensis; otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	Includes fremonti; see Hardy (1950). See also douglasii. Reviewed by Steele (1998, Mammalian Species No. 586). Arbogast et al. (2001) found that mitochondrial DNA differed only slightly among the three species of Tamiasciurus.	Red Squirrel
12400254	Tamiasciurus hudsonicus subsp. hudsonicus	Erxleben 1777	SUBSPECIES		hudsonicus	hudsonicus		Tamiasciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Syst. Regn. Anim. vol.1 p.416						
12400255	Tamiasciurus hudsonicus subsp. abieticola	A. H. Howell 1929	SUBSPECIES		abieticola	hudsonicus		Tamiasciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400256	Tamiasciurus hudsonicus subsp. baileyi	J. A. Allen 1898	SUBSPECIES		baileyi	hudsonicus		Tamiasciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400257	Tamiasciurus hudsonicus subsp. dakotensis	J. A. Allen 1894	SUBSPECIES		dakotensis	hudsonicus		Tamiasciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400258	Tamiasciurus hudsonicus subsp. dixiensis	Hardy 1942	SUBSPECIES		dixiensis	hudsonicus		Tamiasciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400259	Tamiasciurus hudsonicus subsp. fremonti	Audubon and Bachman 1853	SUBSPECIES		fremonti	hudsonicus		Tamiasciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400260	Tamiasciurus hudsonicus subsp. grahamensis	J. A. Allen 1894	SUBSPECIES		grahamensis	hudsonicus		Tamiasciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400261	Tamiasciurus hudsonicus subsp. gymnicus	Bangs 1899	SUBSPECIES		gymnicus	hudsonicus		Tamiasciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400262	Tamiasciurus hudsonicus subsp. kenaiensis	A. H. Howell 1936	SUBSPECIES		kenaiensis	hudsonicus		Tamiasciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400263	Tamiasciurus hudsonicus subsp. lanuginosus	Bachman 1839	SUBSPECIES		lanuginosus	hudsonicus		Tamiasciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400264	Tamiasciurus hudsonicus subsp. laurentianus	Anderson 1942	SUBSPECIES		laurentianus	hudsonicus		Tamiasciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400266	Tamiasciurus hudsonicus subsp. lychnuchus	Stone and Rehn 1903	SUBSPECIES		lychnuchus	hudsonicus		Tamiasciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400267	Tamiasciurus hudsonicus subsp. minnesota	J. A. Allen 1899	SUBSPECIES		minnesota	hudsonicus		Tamiasciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400268	Tamiasciurus hudsonicus subsp. mogollonensis	Mearns 1890	SUBSPECIES		mogollonensis	hudsonicus		Tamiasciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400269	Tamiasciurus hudsonicus subsp. pallescens	A. H. Howell 1942	SUBSPECIES		pallescens	hudsonicus		Tamiasciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400270	Tamiasciurus hudsonicus subsp. petulans	Osgood 1900	SUBSPECIES		petulans	hudsonicus		Tamiasciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400271	Tamiasciurus hudsonicus subsp. picatus	Swarth 1921	SUBSPECIES		picatus	hudsonicus		Tamiasciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400272	Tamiasciurus hudsonicus subsp. preblei	A. H. Howell 1936	SUBSPECIES		preblei	hudsonicus		Tamiasciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400273	Tamiasciurus hudsonicus subsp. regalis	A. H. Howell 1936	SUBSPECIES		regalis	hudsonicus		Tamiasciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400274	Tamiasciurus hudsonicus subsp. richardsoni	Bachman 1839	SUBSPECIES		richardsoni	hudsonicus		Tamiasciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400275	Tamiasciurus hudsonicus subsp. streatori	J. A. Allen 1898	SUBSPECIES		streatori	hudsonicus		Tamiasciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400276	Tamiasciurus hudsonicus subsp. ungavensis	Anderson 1942	SUBSPECIES		ungavensis	hudsonicus		Tamiasciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400277	Tamiasciurus hudsonicus subsp. ventorum	J. A. Allen 1898	SUBSPECIES		ventorum	hudsonicus		Tamiasciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400278	Tamiasciurus mearnsi	Townsend 1897	SPECIES			mearnsi		Tamiasciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.11 p.146			Sierra San Pedro Martir Mtns (Baja California Norte, Mexico).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Formerly included in douglasii; see Lindsay (1981). Arbogast et al. (2001) found that mitochondrial DNA differed only slightly among the three species of Tamiasciurus.	Mearns's Squirrel
12400279	Pteromyini	Brandt 1855	TRIBE						Sciuridae	Rodentia	Beitrage zur nahern Kenntniss der Saugethiere Russlands. Kaiserlich. Akad. Wiss. Mém. Math. Phys. Nat. vol.7 p.157		Petauristinae Miller, 1912.			Flying squirrels are considered a monophyletic group (Thorington 1984) contrary to Black (1963) and Hight et al. (1974). Paleontological evidence (Mein, 1970; Bruijn and Uenay, 1989) has suggested they are not members of the Sciuridae, but molecular studies by Mercer and Roth (2003) and by Steppan et al. (2004) strongly support the view that they are the sister group of the Sciurini. Both morphological studies (Thorington et al., 2002) and molecular studies (Mercer and Roth, 2003) support division into two subtribes. Bibliographies by Lin et al. (1985) and Robins (1998).	
12400280	Aeretes	G. M. Allen 1940	GENUS					Aeretes	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Nat. Hist. Cent. Asia vol.II 2 p.745	Pteromys melanopterus Milne-Edwards, 1867.				Subtribe Pteromyina. Aeretes is often dated as G. M. Allen, "p.vii, September 2, 1938," but this is a nomen nudum.	
12400281	Aeretes melanopterus	Milne-Edwards 1867	SPECIES			melanopterus		Aeretes	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. vol.8 p.375		sulcatus  (A. B. Howell, 1927); szechuanensis Wang, Tu, and Wang, 1966.	Hebei and Sichuan (China).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Known only from two widely separated areas.	Northern Chinese Flying Squirrel
12400282	Aeretes melanopterus subsp. melanopterus	Milne-Edwards 1867	SUBSPECIES		melanopterus	melanopterus		Aeretes	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. vol.8 p.375						
12400283	Aeretes melanopterus subsp. szechuanensis	Wang, Tu, and Wang 1966	SUBSPECIES		szechuanensis	melanopterus		Aeretes	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400284	Aeromys	Robinson and Kloss 1915	GENUS					Aeromys	Sciuridae	Rodentia	J. Fed. Malay St. Mus. vol.6 p.23	Pteromys tephromelas Günther, 1873.				Subtribe Pteromyina.	
12400392	Petaurista nobilis subsp. nobilis	Gray 1842	SUBSPECIES		nobilis	nobilis		Petaurista	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.10 p.263						
12400285	Aeromys tephromelas	Günther 1873	SPECIES			tephromelas		Aeromys	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1873 p.413		bartelsi  (Sody, 1936); phaeomelas (Günther, 1873).	Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes phaeomelas; see Medway (1977:101).	Black Flying Squirrel
12400286	Aeromys tephromelas subsp. tephromelas	Günther 1873	SUBSPECIES		tephromelas	tephromelas		Aeromys	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1873 p.413						
12400287	Aeromys tephromelas subsp. phaeomelas	Günther 1873	SUBSPECIES		phaeomelas	tephromelas		Aeromys	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400393	Petaurista nobilis subsp. singhei	Saha 1977	SUBSPECIES		singhei	nobilis		Petaurista	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
13700653	Scapanulus	Thomas 1912	GENUS					Scapanulus	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.10 p.396	Scapanulus oweni Thomas, 1912.				For placement in Scalopini see Storch and Qiu (1983:118).	
12400288	Aeromys thomasi	Hose 1900	SPECIES			thomasi		Aeromys	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.5 p.215			Borneo, except SE.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Thomass Flying Squirrel
12400289	Belomys	Thomas 1908	GENUS					Belomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.1 p.2	Sciuropterus pearsonii Gray, 1842.				Subtribe Pteromyina.	
12400290	Belomys pearsonii	Gray 1842	SPECIES			pearsonii		Belomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.10 p.263		kaleensis  (Swinhoe, 1863); trichotis Thomas, 1908; villosus (Blyth, 1847); blandus Osgood, 1932.	Sikkim and Assam (India) to Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Hainan, Taiwan (China); Bhutan; Indochina, and N Burma (see Agrawal and Chakraborty, 1979).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Subspecies tentatively recognized by Corbet and Hill (1992), who synonymized this monotypic genus with Trogopterus.	Hairy-footed Flying Squirrel
12400291	Belomys pearsonii subsp. pearsonii	Gray 1842	SUBSPECIES		pearsonii	pearsonii		Belomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.10 p.263						
12400292	Belomys pearsonii subsp. blandus	Osgood 1932	SUBSPECIES		blandus	pearsonii		Belomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400293	Biswamoyopterus	Saha 1981	GENUS					Biswamoyopterus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Bull. Zool. Surv. India vol.4 p.331	Biswamoyopterus biswasi Saha, 1981.				Subtribe Pteromyina.	
12400294	Biswamoyopterus biswasi	Saha 1981	SPECIES			biswasi		Biswamoyopterus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Bull. Zool. Surv. India vol.4 p.333			Known only from type locality, western slope, Patkai Range.	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	"Close to Aeromys" (Saha, 1981:333).	Namdapha Flying Squirrel
12400295	Eoglaucomys	A. H. Howell 1915	GENUS					Eoglaucomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Bio. Soc. Wash. vol.28 p.109	Sciuropterus fimbriatus Gray, 1837.				Subtribe Glaucomyina (new name; type genus: Glaucomys). Characterized by origin of tibiocarpalis muscle on distal tibial tuberosity, pisiform bone with elevated scapalunate tuberosity but no triquetral process; teeth lacking crosslophs, hypocone usually absent (Thorington et al., 2002).	
12400296	Eoglaucomys fimbriatus	Gray 1837	SPECIES			fimbriatus		Eoglaucomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.1 p.584		baberi  (Blyth, 1847).	Kashmir and Punjab (India) east to Raniket, Uttar Pradesh (Pasha and Suhail, 1997) from 1800 to 3600 m, mountains of EC and NW Afghanistan, between 1,600 and 3,500 m.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt) as E. fimbriatus and as Hypopetes baberi.	Genus included in Hylopetes by Ellerman (1947a) but see Thorington et al. (1996). Subspecies baberi elevated to specific status by Chakraborty (1981), but see Thorington et al. (1996).	Kashmir Flying Squirrel
12400297	Eoglaucomys fimbriatus subsp. fimbriatus	Gray 1837	SUBSPECIES		fimbriatus	fimbriatus		Eoglaucomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.1 p.584						
12400298	Eoglaucomys fimbriatus subsp. baberi	Blyth 1847	SUBSPECIES		baberi	fimbriatus		Eoglaucomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400299	Eupetaurus	Thomas 1888	GENUS					Eupetaurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.57 p.256	Eupetaurus cinereus Thomas, 1888.				Subtribe Pteromyina.	
12400300	Eupetaurus cinereus	Thomas 1888	SPECIES			cinereus		Eupetaurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.57 p.258			High elevations from N Pakistan and Kashmir to Sikkim (India) to Tibet and possibly Yunnan (China; Agrawal and Chakraborty, 1970).	IUCN  Endangered.	Reviewed by McKenna (1962). In 1994, the first specimen to be found in "...over a century..." was obtained in the Gilgit district (Zahler, 1996).	Woolly Flying Squirrel
12400301	Glaucomys	Thomas 1908	GENUS					Glaucomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.1 p.5	Mus volans Linnaeus, 1758.				Subtribe Glaucomyina (see also Eoglaucomys). Revised by A. H. Howell (1918); karyotypes and evolution evaluated by Rausch and Rausch (1982).	
12400350	Hylopetes phayrei	Blyth 1859	SPECIES			phayrei		Hylopetes	Sciuridae	Rodentia	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.28 p.278		anchises  G. M. Allen and Coolidge, 1940; laotum (Thomas, 1914); probus (Thomas, 1914); electilis (G. M. Allen, 1925).	Burma; Thailand; Laos; S Vietnam; Fukien and Hainan (China).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Indochinese Flying Squirrel
12400351	Hylopetes phayrei subsp. phayrei	Blyth 1859	SUBSPECIES		phayrei	phayrei		Hylopetes	Sciuridae	Rodentia	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.28 p.278						
12400349	Hylopetes nigripes subsp. elassodontus	Osgood 1918	SUBSPECIES		elassodontus	nigripes		Hylopetes	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400353	Hylopetes platyurus	Jentink 1890	SPECIES			platyurus		Hylopetes	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Notes Leyden Museum vol.12 p.147			Sumatra, Malaysia.		Formerly included in lepidus (Hill, 1962c; Pavlinov et al., 1995a), but see Thorington et al. (1996). Corbet and Hill (1992) listed aurantiacus as a synonym, here placed in H. spadiceus.	Jentinks Flying Squirrel
12100302	Aotus azarae subsp. boliviensis	Elliot 1907	SUBSPECIES		boliviensis	azarae		Aotus	Aotidae	Primates							
12400302	Glaucomys sabrinus	Shaw 1801	SPECIES			sabrinus		Glaucomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Gen. Zool. vol.2 p.157		canadensis  (E. Geoffroy, 1803); hudsonius Gmelin, 1788; alpinus (Richardson, 1828); bangsi (Rhoads, 1897); bullatus A. H. Howell, 1915; californicus (Rhoads, 1897); canescens A. H. Howell, 1915; coloratus Handley, 1953; columbiensis A. H. Howell, 1915; flaviventris A. H. Howell, 1915; fuliginosus (Rhoads, 1897); fuscus Miller, 1936; goodwini Anderson, 1943; gouldi Anderson, 1943; griseifrons A. H. Howell, 1934; klamathensis (Merriam, 1897); lascivus (Bangs, 1899); latipes A. H. Howell, 1915; lucifugus Hall, 1934; macrotis (Mearns, 1898); makkovikensis (Sornborger, 1900); murinauralis Musser, 1961; oregonensis (Bachman, 1839); olympicus (Elliot, 1899); reductus Cowan, 1937; stephensi (Merriam, 1900); yukonensis (Osgood, 1900); zaphaeus (Osgood, 1905).	Alaska and Canada, NW USA to S California and W South Dakota (Black Hills), NE USA to S Appalachian Mtns.	U.S. ESA  Endangered as G. s. coloratus and G. s. fuscus; IUCN  Endangered as G. s. griseifrons, Data Deficient as G. s. californicus, Vulnerable as G. s. coloratus and G. s. fuscus, otherwise Lower Risk (lc) as G. sabrinus.	Reviewed by Wells-Gosling and Heaney (1984, Mammalian Species No. 229). Subspecies according to Hall (1981); also see Arbogast (1999) who presented evidence that a western clade consisting of oregonensis and californicus may be of full species rank.	Northern Flying Squirrel
12400303	Glaucomys sabrinus subsp. sabrinus	Shaw 1801	SUBSPECIES		sabrinus	sabrinus		Glaucomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Gen. Zool. vol.2 p.157						
12400304	Glaucomys sabrinus subsp. alpinus	Richardson 1828	SUBSPECIES		alpinus	sabrinus		Glaucomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400305	Glaucomys sabrinus subsp. bangsi	Rhoads 1897	SUBSPECIES		bangsi	sabrinus		Glaucomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400306	Glaucomys sabrinus subsp. californicus	Rhoads 1897	SUBSPECIES		californicus	sabrinus		Glaucomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400307	Glaucomys sabrinus subsp. canescens	A. H. Howell 1915	SUBSPECIES		canescens	sabrinus		Glaucomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400308	Glaucomys sabrinus subsp. coloratus	Handley 1953	SUBSPECIES		coloratus	sabrinus		Glaucomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400309	Glaucomys sabrinus subsp. columbiensis	A. H. Howell 1915	SUBSPECIES		columbiensis	sabrinus		Glaucomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400310	Glaucomys sabrinus subsp. flaviventris	A. H. Howell 1915	SUBSPECIES		flaviventris	sabrinus		Glaucomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400311	Glaucomys sabrinus subsp. fuliginosus	Rhoads 1897	SUBSPECIES		fuliginosus	sabrinus		Glaucomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400312	Glaucomys sabrinus subsp. fuscus	Miller 1936	SUBSPECIES		fuscus	sabrinus		Glaucomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400313	Glaucomys sabrinus subsp. goodwini	Anderson 1943	SUBSPECIES		goodwini	sabrinus		Glaucomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400314	Glaucomys sabrinus subsp. gouldi	Anderson 1943	SUBSPECIES		gouldi	sabrinus		Glaucomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400315	Glaucomys sabrinus subsp. griseifrons	A. H. Howell 1934	SUBSPECIES		griseifrons	sabrinus		Glaucomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400316	Glaucomys sabrinus subsp. klamathensis	Merriam 1897	SUBSPECIES		klamathensis	sabrinus		Glaucomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400317	Glaucomys sabrinus subsp. lascivus	Bangs 1899	SUBSPECIES		lascivus	sabrinus		Glaucomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400318	Glaucomys sabrinus subsp. latipes	A. H. Howell 1915	SUBSPECIES		latipes	sabrinus		Glaucomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400319	Glaucomys sabrinus subsp. lucifugus	Hall 1934	SUBSPECIES		lucifugus	sabrinus		Glaucomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400320	Glaucomys sabrinus subsp. macrotis	Mearns 1898	SUBSPECIES		macrotis	sabrinus		Glaucomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400321	Glaucomys sabrinus subsp. makkovikensis	Sornborger 1900	SUBSPECIES		makkovikensis	sabrinus		Glaucomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400322	Glaucomys sabrinus subsp. murinauralis	Musser 1961	SUBSPECIES		murinauralis	sabrinus		Glaucomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400323	Glaucomys sabrinus subsp. oregonensis	Bachman 1839	SUBSPECIES		oregonensis	sabrinus		Glaucomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400324	Glaucomys sabrinus subsp. reductus	Cowan 1937	SUBSPECIES		reductus	sabrinus		Glaucomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400325	Glaucomys sabrinus subsp. stephensi	Merriam 1900	SUBSPECIES		stephensi	sabrinus		Glaucomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400326	Glaucomys sabrinus subsp. yukonensis	Osgood 1900	SUBSPECIES		yukonensis	sabrinus		Glaucomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400327	Glaucomys sabrinus subsp. zaphaeus	Osgood 1905	SUBSPECIES		zaphaeus	sabrinus		Glaucomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400352	Hylopetes phayrei subsp. electilis	G. M. Allen 1925	SUBSPECIES		electilis	phayrei		Hylopetes	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400328	Glaucomys volans	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			volans		Glaucomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.63		americana  (Oken, 1816); cucullatus (Fischer, 1829); nebrascensis (Swenk, 1915); silus (Bangs, 1896); virginianus (Tiedemann, 1808); volucella (Pallas, 1778); chontali Goodwin, 1961; goldmani (Nelson, 1904); guerreroensis Diersing, 1980; herreranus Goldman, 1936; madrensis Goldman, 1936; oaxacensis Goodwin, 1961; querceti (Bangs, 1896); saturatus A. H. Howell, 1915; texensis A. H. Howell, 1915; underwoodi Goodwin, 1936.	Texas, Kansas, and Minnesota (USA) to Nova Scotia (Canada) and E USA; montane populations scattered from NW Mexico to Honduras.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as G. volans, Not Evaluated as G. v. goldmani, G. v. guerreroensis, and G. v. oaxacensis.	Reviewed by Dolan and Carter (1973, Mammalian Species, 78). For systematics and distribution of Mesoamerican populations, see Diersing (1980a) and Braun (1988). Subspecies according to Hall (1981). A phylogeographic study using mitochondrial DNA showed little divergence between two subspecies (Arbogast 1999).	Southern Flying Squirrel
12400329	Glaucomys volans subsp. volans	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		volans	volans		Glaucomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.63						
12400330	Glaucomys volans subsp. chontali	Goodwin 1961	SUBSPECIES		chontali	volans		Glaucomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400331	Glaucomys volans subsp. goldmani	Nelson 1904	SUBSPECIES		goldmani	volans		Glaucomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400332	Glaucomys volans subsp. guerreroensis	Diersing 1980	SUBSPECIES		guerreroensis	volans		Glaucomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400333	Glaucomys volans subsp. herreranus	Goldman 1936	SUBSPECIES		herreranus	volans		Glaucomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400334	Glaucomys volans subsp. madrensis	Goldman 1936	SUBSPECIES		madrensis	volans		Glaucomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400335	Glaucomys volans subsp. oaxacensis	Goodwin 1961	SUBSPECIES		oaxacensis	volans		Glaucomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400336	Glaucomys volans subsp. querceti	Bangs 1896	SUBSPECIES		querceti	volans		Glaucomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400337	Glaucomys volans subsp. saturatus	A. H. Howell 1915	SUBSPECIES		saturatus	volans		Glaucomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400338	Glaucomys volans subsp. texensis	A. H. Howell 1915	SUBSPECIES		texensis	volans		Glaucomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400339	Glaucomys volans subsp. underwoodi	Goodwin 1936	SUBSPECIES		underwoodi	volans		Glaucomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400340	Hylopetes	Thomas 1908	GENUS					Hylopetes	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.1 p.6	Sciuropterus everetti Thomas, 1908 (= Sciuropterus spadiceus Blyth, 1847).				Subtribe Glaucomyina (see also Eoglaucomys). Ellerman (1947a) included Eoglaucomys in Hylopetes, but see McKenna (1962) and Thorington et al. (1996).	
12400341	Hylopetes alboniger	Hodgson 1836	SPECIES			alboniger		Hylopetes	Sciuridae	Rodentia	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.5 p.231		leachii  (Gray, 1837); turnbulli (Gray, 1838); chianfengensis Wang and Lu, 1966; leonardi (Thomas, 1921); orinus (G. M. Allen, 1940).	Nepal and Assam (India) to Sichuan, Yunnan, and Hainan (China) and Indochina.	IUCN  Endangered.		Particolored Flying Squirrel
12400342	Hylopetes alboniger subsp. alboniger	Hodgson 1836	SUBSPECIES		alboniger	alboniger		Hylopetes	Sciuridae	Rodentia	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.5 p.231						
12400343	Hylopetes alboniger subsp. chianfengensis	Wang and Lu 1966	SUBSPECIES		chianfengensis	alboniger		Hylopetes	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400344	Hylopetes alboniger subsp. orinus	G. M. Allen 1940	SUBSPECIES		orinus	alboniger		Hylopetes	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400345	Hylopetes bartelsi	Chasen 1939	SPECIES			bartelsi		Hylopetes	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Treubia vol.17 p.185			Java.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Formerly included in Petinomys; but see Corbet and Hill (1992).	Bartel's Flying Squirrel
12400370	Petaurista	Link 1795	GENUS					Petaurista	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Zool. Beytr. vol.1 2 p.52, 78	Sciurus petaurista Pallas, 1766.	Galeolemur  Lesson, 1840.			Subtribe Pteromyina.	
12800268	Thomomys bottae subsp. rubidus	Youngman 1958	SUBSPECIES		rubidus	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12400346	Hylopetes lepidus	Horsfield 1822	SPECIES			lepidus		Hylopetes	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Zool. Res. Java vol.5 p.pl. and 2 unno. pp			Java and Borneo.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Formerly called sagitta Linnaeus, 1766; see Medway (1977:104). Formerly included platyurus (Corbet and Hill, 1992; Hill, 1961c; Medway, 1977:104), but see Thorington et al. (1996).	Gray-cheeked Flying Squirrel
12400347	Hylopetes nigripes	Thomas 1893	SPECIES			nigripes		Hylopetes	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.12 p.30		elassodontus  (Osgood, 1918).	Palawan and Bancalan Isls (Philippines).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).		Palawan Flying Squirrel
12400348	Hylopetes nigripes subsp. nigripes	Thomas 1893	SUBSPECIES		nigripes	nigripes		Hylopetes	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.12 p.30						
12400354	Hylopetes sipora	Chasen 1940	SPECIES			sipora		Hylopetes	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Bull. Raffles Mus. vol.15 p.117			Sipora Isl (Indonesia).	IUCN  Endangered.	Formerly included in spadiceus; see Hill (1962c) who noted that an adult specimen is needed to clarify the status of this taxon. Part of the rodent fauna endemic to the Mentawai Archipelago (see comments under Leopoldamys siporanus).	Sipora Flying Squirrel
12400355	Hylopetes spadiceus	Blyth 1847	SPECIES			spadiceus		Hylopetes	Sciuridae	Rodentia	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.16 p.867		amoenus  (Miller, 1906); aurantiacus (Wagner, 1841); belone (Thomas, 1908); everetti (Thomas, 1895); harrisoni (Stone, 1900); sumatrae Sody, 1949; caroli Gyldenstolpe, 1920.	Burma, Thailand, S Vietnam, Sumatra, and Malaysia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes harrisoni; see Medway (1977:105). Formerly included sipora; see Hill (1961c). Corbet and Hill (1980:137) listed spadiceus in lepidus, without comment.	Red-cheeked Flying Squirrel
12400356	Hylopetes spadiceus subsp. spadiceus	Blyth 1847	SUBSPECIES		spadiceus	spadiceus		Hylopetes	Sciuridae	Rodentia	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.16 p.867						
12400357	Hylopetes spadiceus subsp. caroli	Gyldenstolpe 1920	SUBSPECIES		caroli	spadiceus		Hylopetes	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400358	Hylopetes winstoni	Sody 1949	SPECIES	Iomys winstoni		winstoni		Hylopetes	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Treubia Buitenzorg vol.20 p.75			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Originally described as a species of Iomys, but placed in Hylopetes by Corbet and Hill (1992).	Sumatran Flying Squirrel
12400359	Iomys	Thomas 1908	GENUS					Iomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.1 p.1	Pteromys horsfieldii Waterhouse, 1838.				Subtribe Glaucomyina (see also Eoglaucomys). Formerly included winstoni, here placed in Hylopetes.	
12400360	Iomys horsfieldii	Waterhouse 1837 "1838"	SPECIES			horsfieldii		Iomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1837 p.87		davisoni  (Thomas, 1886); everetti (G. M. Allen and Coolidge, 1940) [not Thomas, 1895]; penangensis Chasen, 1940; thomsoni Thomas, 1900; lepidus Lyon, 1911 [not Horsfield, 1824].	Malay Peninsula to Java; Borneo.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Formerly included Iomys sipora and Hylopetes winstoni (Corbet and Hill, 1980, 1986).	Javanese Flying Squirrel
12400361	Iomys horsfieldii subsp. horsfieldii	Waterhouse 1837 "1838"	SUBSPECIES		horsfieldii	horsfieldii		Iomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1837 p.87						
12400362	Iomys horsfieldii subsp. davisoni	Thomas 1886	SUBSPECIES		davisoni	horsfieldii		Iomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400363	Iomys horsfieldii subsp. penangensis	Chasen 1940	SUBSPECIES		penangensis	horsfieldii		Iomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400364	Iomys horsfieldii subsp. thomsoni	Thomas 1900	SUBSPECIES		thomsoni	horsfieldii		Iomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400365	Iomys sipora	Chasen and Kloss 1927 "1928"	SPECIES			sipora		Iomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1927 4 p.819			Mentawai Isls (Indonesia).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Part of the rodent fauna endemic to the Mentawai Archipelago (see comments under Leopoldamys siporanus).	Mentawai Flying Squirrel
12400366	Petaurillus	Thomas 1908	GENUS					Petaurillus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.1 p.3	Sciuropterus hosei Thomas, 1900.				Subtribe Glaucomyina (see also Eoglaucomys).	
12400367	Petaurillus emiliae	Thomas 1908	SPECIES			emiliae		Petaurillus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.1 p.8			Sarawak.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Lesser Pygmy Flying Squirrel
12400368	Petaurillus hosei	Thomas 1900	SPECIES			hosei		Petaurillus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.5 p.275			Sarawak.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Hoses Pygmy Flying Squirrel
12400369	Petaurillus kinlochii	Robinson and Kloss 1911	SPECIES			kinlochii		Petaurillus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	J. Fed. Malay St. Mus. vol.4 p.171			Selangor (Malay Peninsula).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Corbet and Hill (1992) included this form in hosei.	Selangor Pygmy Flying Squirrel
12400391	Petaurista nobilis	Gray 1842	SPECIES			nobilis		Petaurista	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.10 p.263		chrysotrix  (Hodgson, 1844); singhei Saha, 1977.	C Nepal, Sikkim (India), Bhutan.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Formerly included in magnificus; elevated to specific rank by Ghose and Saha (1981:95) and Corbet and Hill (1992).	Bhutan Giant Flying Squirrel
12400414	Petaurista philippensis subsp. philippensis	Elliot 1839	SUBSPECIES		philippensis	philippensis		Petaurista	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Madras J. Litt. Sci. vol.10 p.217						
12400415	Petaurista philippensis subsp. annamensis	Thomas 1914	SUBSPECIES		annamensis	philippensis		Petaurista	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400371	Petaurista alborufus	Milne-Edwards 1870	SPECIES			alborufus		Petaurista	Sciuridae	Rodentia	C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) vol.70 p.342		alborusus  (Hilzheimer, 1906); castaneus Thomas, 1923; lena Thomas, 1907; pectoralis (Swinhoe, 1871); leucocephalus (Hilzheimer, 1905); ochraspis Thomas, 1923.	Taiwan, S and C China.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes lena, which was treated as a separate species by Kuntz and Ming (1970); see Jones (1975). Provisionally includes pectoralis (Corbet and Hill, 1992). Reviewed from the literature by Day (1988). Subspecies provisionally recognized by Corbet and Hill (1992). Chromosomes described by Oshida et al. (1993).	Red and White Giant Flying Squirrel
12400372	Petaurista alborufus subsp. alborufus	Milne-Edwards 1870	SUBSPECIES		alborufus	alborufus		Petaurista	Sciuridae	Rodentia	C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) vol.70 p.342						
12400373	Petaurista alborufus subsp. castaneus	Thomas 1923	SUBSPECIES		castaneus	alborufus		Petaurista	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400374	Petaurista alborufus subsp. lena	Thomas 1907	SUBSPECIES		lena	alborufus		Petaurista	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400375	Petaurista alborufus subsp. leucocephalus	Hilzheimer 1905	SUBSPECIES		leucocephalus	alborufus		Petaurista	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400376	Petaurista alborufus subsp. ochraspis	Thomas 1923	SUBSPECIES		ochraspis	alborufus		Petaurista	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400377	Petaurista elegans	Müller 1840	SPECIES			elegans		Petaurista	Sciuridae	Rodentia	In Temminck, Verhandl. Nat. Gesch. Nederland. Overz. Bezitt., Zool., Zoogd. Indisch. Archipel p.35, 56 [1840], see comments		slamatensis  Sody, 1949; banksi Chasen, 1933; caniceps (Gray, 1842); clarkei Thomas, 1922; gorkhali (Lindsay, 1929); senex (Hodgson, 1844); marica Thomas, 1912; punctatus (Gray, 1846); sumatrana Kloss, 1921; sybilla Thomas and Wroughton, 1916.	Nepal, Sikkim (India), Sichuan and Yunnan (China), N and W Burma, Laos, Tonkin (Vietnam), Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java (Indonesia), Borneo.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes clarkei and marica; see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1966:460-461). This species was described in greater detail by Schlegel and Müller, in Temminck, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Nederland. Overz. Bezitt., Zool., Mammalia, pp. 107, 112 [1845]. Corbet and Hill (1992) considered caniceps from Nepal, Sikkim, N Burma, and W China, and sybilla from a few localities in Burma and W China, as distinct species, sympatric with elegans in W Yunnan (China).	Spotted Giant Flying Squirrel
12400378	Petaurista elegans subsp. elegans	Müller 1840	SUBSPECIES		elegans	elegans		Petaurista	Sciuridae	Rodentia	In Temminck, Verhandl. Nat. Gesch. Nederland. Overz. Bezitt., Zool., Zoogd. Indisch. Archipel p.35, 56 [1840], see comments						
12400379	Petaurista elegans subsp. banksi	Chasen 1933	SUBSPECIES		banksi	elegans		Petaurista	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400380	Petaurista elegans subsp. caniceps	Gray 1842	SUBSPECIES		caniceps	elegans		Petaurista	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400381	Petaurista elegans subsp. marica	Thomas 1912	SUBSPECIES		marica	elegans		Petaurista	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400382	Petaurista elegans subsp. punctatus	Gray 1846	SUBSPECIES		punctatus	elegans		Petaurista	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400383	Petaurista elegans subsp. sumatrana	Kloss 1921	SUBSPECIES		sumatrana	elegans		Petaurista	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400384	Petaurista elegans subsp. sybilla	Thomas and Wroughton 1916	SUBSPECIES		sybilla	elegans		Petaurista	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400385	Petaurista leucogenys	Temminck 1827	SPECIES			leucogenys		Petaurista	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Monogr. Mamm. vol.1 p.27		tosae  Thomas, 1905; hintoni Mori, 1923; thomasi Kuroda and Mori, 1923 [not Hose, 1900]; watasei Mori, 1927; nikkonis Thomas, 1905; osiui Kuroda, 1938; oreas Thomas, 1905.	Japan, except Hokkaido.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Formerly included xanthotis, see Corbet (1978c:86). McKenna (1962) and Corbet and Hill (1991:145) considered it distinct. Subspecies follow Corbet (1978c). Chromosomal variation studied by Oshida and Obara (1991, 1993). Specimens reported from Korea and Manchuria were purchased in markets (Jones and Johnson, 1965).	Japanese Giant Flying Squirrel
12400386	Petaurista leucogenys subsp. leucogenys	Temminck 1827	SUBSPECIES		leucogenys	leucogenys		Petaurista	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Monogr. Mamm. vol.1 p.27						
12400387	Petaurista leucogenys subsp. hintoni	Mori 1923	SUBSPECIES		hintoni	leucogenys		Petaurista	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400388	Petaurista leucogenys subsp. nikkonis	Thomas 1905	SUBSPECIES		nikkonis	leucogenys		Petaurista	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400389	Petaurista leucogenys subsp. oreas	Thomas 1905	SUBSPECIES		oreas	leucogenys		Petaurista	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400390	Petaurista magnificus	Hodgson 1836	SPECIES			magnificus		Petaurista	Sciuridae	Rodentia	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.5 p.231		hodgsoni  Ghose and Saha, 1981.	Tibet (China), Nepal, Bhutan, Sikkim (India).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Formerly included nobilis (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1966:464); but also see Ghose and Saha (1981:95).	Hodgson's Giant Flying Squirrel
12100368	Pithecia monachus subsp. milleri	J. A. Allen 1914	SUBSPECIES		milleri	monachus		Pithecia	Pitheciidae	Primates							
12400394	Petaurista petaurista	Pallas 1766	SPECIES			petaurista		Petaurista	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Misc. Zool. p.54		nitida  (Desmarest, 1818); taguan (Link, 1795); albiventer (Gray, 1834); barroni Kloss, 1916; birrelli Wroughton, 1911; fulvinus Wroughton, 1911; inornatus (Geoffroy, 1844); batuana Miller, 1903; candidula Wroughton, 1911; cicur Robinson and Kloss, 1914; interceptio Sody, 1949; lumholtzi Gyldenstolpe, 1920; marchio Thomas, 1908; mimicus Miller, 1913; melanotus (Gray, 1837); nigrescens Medway, 1965; nigricaudatus Robinson and Kloss, 1918; nitidula Thomas, 1900; penangensis Robinson and Kloss, 1918; rajah Thomas, 1908; rufipes Sody, 1949; sodyi Harris, 1951; stellaris Chasen, 1940; taylori Thomas, 1914; terutaus Lyon, 1907.	E Afghanistan, Kashmir and Punjab east to Assam (India); Yunnan, Sichuan, Fukien (China); Burma; Thailand; Indochina; Malaysia; Sumatra, Java (Indonesia); Borneo.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Corbet and Hill (1992), who recognized philippensis as distinct and allocated many forms to it that were formerly assigned to petaurista; the two species are widely sympatric. Also reviewed from the literature by Day (1988); karyotypic variation reported by Yong and Dhaliwal (1976). Taxonomic revision and comprehensive review of geographic variation needed (Corbet and Hill, 1992). Ghose and Bhattacharya (1995) proposed full species status for P. fulvinus, based on limited specimen comparison.	Red Giant Flying Squirrel
12400395	Petaurista petaurista subsp. petaurista	Pallas 1766	SUBSPECIES		petaurista	petaurista		Petaurista	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Misc. Zool. p.54						
12400396	Petaurista petaurista subsp. albiventer	Gray 1834	SUBSPECIES		albiventer	petaurista		Petaurista	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400397	Petaurista petaurista subsp. batuana	Miller 1903	SUBSPECIES		batuana	petaurista		Petaurista	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400398	Petaurista petaurista subsp. candidula	Wroughton 1911	SUBSPECIES		candidula	petaurista		Petaurista	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400399	Petaurista petaurista subsp. cicur	Robinson and Kloss 1914	SUBSPECIES		cicur	petaurista		Petaurista	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400400	Petaurista petaurista subsp. interceptio	Sody 1949	SUBSPECIES		interceptio	petaurista		Petaurista	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400401	Petaurista petaurista subsp. lumholtzi	Gyldenstolpe 1920	SUBSPECIES		lumholtzi	petaurista		Petaurista	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400402	Petaurista petaurista subsp. marchio	Thomas 1908	SUBSPECIES		marchio	petaurista		Petaurista	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400403	Petaurista petaurista subsp. melanotus	Gray 1837	SUBSPECIES		melanotus	petaurista		Petaurista	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400404	Petaurista petaurista subsp. nigrescens	Medway 1965	SUBSPECIES		nigrescens	petaurista		Petaurista	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400405	Petaurista petaurista subsp. nigricaudatus	Robinson and Kloss 1918	SUBSPECIES		nigricaudatus	petaurista		Petaurista	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400406	Petaurista petaurista subsp. nitidula	Thomas 1900	SUBSPECIES		nitidula	petaurista		Petaurista	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400407	Petaurista petaurista subsp. penangensis	Robinson and Kloss 1918	SUBSPECIES		penangensis	petaurista		Petaurista	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400408	Petaurista petaurista subsp. rajah	Thomas 1908	SUBSPECIES		rajah	petaurista		Petaurista	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400409	Petaurista petaurista subsp. rufipes	Sody 1949	SUBSPECIES		rufipes	petaurista		Petaurista	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400410	Petaurista petaurista subsp. stellaris	Chasen 1940	SUBSPECIES		stellaris	petaurista		Petaurista	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400411	Petaurista petaurista subsp. taylori	Thomas 1914	SUBSPECIES		taylori	petaurista		Petaurista	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400412	Petaurista petaurista subsp. terutaus	Lyon 1907	SUBSPECIES		terutaus	petaurista		Petaurista	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
13700412	Chodsigoa parca	G. M. Allen 1923	SPECIES			parca		Chodsigoa	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.100 p.6		furva  Anthony, 1941; lowei Osgood, 1932.	SW China, N Burma, Thailand and N Vietnam.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Soriculus parca.	Formerly included in smithii, but retained as a separate species by Hoffmann (1985b), with lowei and furva as tentative subspecies.	Lowe's Shrew
13700413	Chodsigoa parca subsp. parca	G. M. Allen 1923	SUBSPECIES		parca	parca		Chodsigoa	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.100 p.6						
12400413	Petaurista philippensis	Elliot 1839	SPECIES			philippensis		Petaurista	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Madras J. Litt. Sci. vol.10 p.217		cinderella  Wroughton, 1911; griseiventer (Gray, 1843); lanka Wroughton, 1911; oral (Tickell, 1842); annamensis Thomas, 1914; badiatus Thomas, 1925; miloni Bourret, 1942; cineraceus (Blyth, 1847); grandis (Swinhoe, 1863); lylei Bonhote, 1900; stockleyi Carter, 1933; venningi Thomas, 1914; mergulus Thomas, 1922; primrosei Thomas, 1926; reguli Thomas, 1926; yunanensis (Anderson, 1875); hainana G. M. Allen, 1925; nigra Wang, 1981; rubicundus A. B Howell, 1927; rufipes G. M. Allen, 1925.	Sri Lanka; India, north to Bombay and Rajastan, S Bihar; Burma, Thailand; S China, including Hainan and Taiwan.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Formerly included in petaurista; but see Corbet and Hill (1992), who reviewed the species. Subspecies listed are those recognized by Corbet and Hill (1992), who note that further work is needed on the geographic variation of this species.	Indian Giant Flying Squirrel
12800070	Geomys bursarius subsp. majusculus	Swenk 1939	SUBSPECIES		majusculus	bursarius		Geomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12400416	Petaurista philippensis subsp. cineraceus	Blyth 1847	SUBSPECIES		cineraceus	philippensis		Petaurista	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400417	Petaurista philippensis subsp. grandis	Swinhoe 1863	SUBSPECIES		grandis	philippensis		Petaurista	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400418	Petaurista philippensis subsp. lylei	Bonhote 1900	SUBSPECIES		lylei	philippensis		Petaurista	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400419	Petaurista philippensis subsp. mergulus	Thomas 1922	SUBSPECIES		mergulus	philippensis		Petaurista	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400420	Petaurista philippensis subsp. yunanensis	Anderson 1875	SUBSPECIES		yunanensis	philippensis		Petaurista	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400421	Petaurista xanthotis	Milne-Edwards 1872	SPECIES			xanthotis		Petaurista	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Rech. Hist. Nat. Mammifères p.301		buechneri  (Matschie, 1907); filchnerinae (Matschie, 1907).	Mountains of W China (Sichuan, Yunnan, E Tibet, Gansu).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Formerly included in leucogenys; but see Corbet and Hill (1992).	Chinese Giant Flying Squirrel
12400422	Petinomys	Thomas 1908	GENUS					Petinomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.1 p.6	Sciuropterus lugens Thomas, 1895.	Olisthomys  Carter, 1942.			Subtribe Glaucomyina (see also Eoglaucomys). Formerly included bartelsi and electilis, here included in Hylopetes; see McKenna (1962:35) and Corbet and Hill (1992).	
12400423	Petinomys crinitus	Hollister 1911	SPECIES			crinitus		Petinomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.24 p.185			Basilan Island, Philippines.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Smaller than Petinomys mindanensis, with flattened tail. Paratype of mindanensis is probably not P. crinitus as previously thought, but a distinct species of Petinomys; see below.	Basilan Flying Squirrel
12400424	Petinomys fuscocapillus	Jerdon 1847	SPECIES			fuscocapillus		Petinomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.16 p.867		layardi  (Kelaart, 1850).	S India, Sri Lanka.	IUCN  Vulnerable as P. f. fuscocapillus; otherwise Lower Risk (lc).		Travancore Flying Squirrel
12400425	Petinomys genibarbis	Horsfield 1822	SPECIES			genibarbis		Petinomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Zool. Res. Java vol.4 p.pl., 6 unno. pp		borneoensis  (Thomas, 1908); malaccanus (Thomas, 1908).	Malaya to Sumatra, Java, and Borneo.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Perhaps conspecific with sagitta; see comment therein, and Medway (1977:102).	Whiskered Flying Squirrel
12400426	Petinomys hageni	Jentink 1888	SPECIES			hageni		Petinomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Notes Leyden Mus. vol.11 p.26		ouwensi  Sody, 1949.	Borneo, Sumatra.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Formerly included lugens (Chasen, 1940:119); see comments therein. Medway (1977:112) considered the status of ouwensi doubtful.	Hagen's Flying Squirrel
12400427	Petinomys lugens	Thomas 1895	SPECIES			lugens		Petinomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mus. Civ. Storia Nat. Geneva, Ser. 2a vol.14 p.666		maerens  (Miller, 1903).	Sipora and N Pagai Islands (Sumatra, Indonesia).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Formerly included in hageni; but see Chasen and Kloss (1927:819) and Jenkins and Hill (1982). Part of the rodent fauna endemic to the Mentawai Archipelago (see comments under Leopoldamys siporanus).	Sipora Flying Squirrel
12400441	Pteromyscus pulverulentus subsp. pulverulentus	Günther 1873	SUBSPECIES		pulverulentus	pulverulentus		Pteromyscus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1873 p.413						
12400442	Pteromyscus pulverulentus subsp. borneanus	Thomas 1908	SUBSPECIES		borneanus	pulverulentus		Pteromyscus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400428	Petinomys mindanensis	Rabor 1939	SPECIES			mindanensis		Petinomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Philippine Jour. Sci. vol.69 p.390		nigricaudus  Sanborn, 1954.	Dinagat, Siargao, and Mindanao Isls (Philippines; Heaney and Rabor, 1982).		Holotype of Hylopetes mindanensis destroyed during World War II; paratype in National Museum of Natural History is larger than P. crinitus with a round, not a flattened tail.	Mindanao Flying Squirrel
12400429	Petinomys sagitta	Linnaeus 1766	SPECIES			sagitta		Petinomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Syst. Nat., 12th ed. vol.1 p.88			Java.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Formerly included in Hylopetes; see Medway (1977:102). May be conspecific with genibarbis; see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1955:31). Medway (1977:102) considered it inadvisable to synonymize sagitta and genibarbis until the relationship has been certainly established. Corbet and Hill (1992) considered sagitta as incertae sedis.	Arrow Flying Squirrel
13700414	Chodsigoa parca subsp. furva	Anthony 1941	SUBSPECIES		furva	parca		Chodsigoa	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
12400430	Petinomys setosus	Temminck 1844	SPECIES			setosus		Petinomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Fauna Japonica vol.1(Mamm.) p.49		morrisi  (Carter, 1942).	Burma, Thailand, Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo [Indonesia].	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes morrisi; see Muul and Thonglongya (1971) and Corbet and Hill (1980:137). McKenna (1962) considered morrisi assignable to a distinct genus, Olisthomys. Oshida and Yoshida (1998) described chromosomes.	Temminck's Flying Squirrel
12400431	Petinomys vordermanni	Jentink 1890	SPECIES			vordermanni		Petinomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Notes Leyden Mus. vol.12 p.150		phipsoni  (Thomas, 1916).	S Burma, Thailand, Malaya, Borneo.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	McKenna (1962) considered vordermanni representative of an undescribed genus, but Muul and Thonglongya (1971) and Hill (1961c) retained it in Petinomys.	Vordermann's Flying Squirrel
12400466	Callosciurus erythraeus subsp. gloveri	Thomas 1921	SUBSPECIES		gloveri	erythraeus		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400468	Callosciurus erythraeus subsp. griseimanus	Milne-Edwards 1867	SUBSPECIES		griseimanus	erythraeus		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400432	Pteromys	G. Cuvier 1800	GENUS					Pteromys	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Lecon's Anat. Comp. vol.I p.tab. 1	Sciurus volans Linnaeus, 1758.	Sciuropterus  F. Cuvier, 1825.			Subtribe Pteromyina. Sciuropterus was previously employed for this genus by Simpson (1945:80); he believed Pteromys to be a synonym of Petaurista, but Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951:466) presented evidence for the validity of Pteromys. However, Pteromys may be the sister group to Petaurista (Oshida et al., 2000b).	
12400433	Pteromys momonga	Temminck 1844	SPECIES			momonga		Pteromys	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Fauna Japonica vol.1(Mamm.) p.47		amygdali  (Thomas, 1906); interventus (Kuroda, 1941); momoga Temminck, 1845.	Kyushu and Honshu (Japan).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	The sister species to P. momonga is P. volans (Oshida et al., 2000b). Oshida et al. (1996b, 2000a) described chromosomes.	Japanese Flying Squirrel
12400434	Pteromys volans	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			volans		Pteromys	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.64		aluco  (Thomas, 1907); anadyrensis Ognev, 1940; arsenjevi Ognev, 1935; betulinus Serebrennikov, 1930; gubari Ognev, 1935; incanus Miller, 1918; ognevi Stroganov, 1936; russicus Tiedemann, 1808; sibiricus Desmarest, 1922; turovi Ognev, 1919; vulgaris Wagner, 1842; wulungshanensis (Mori, 1939); athene (Thomas, 1907); buechneri Satunin, 1903; orii (Kuroda, 1921).	Palearctic taiga, from N Finland east to Chukotka (Russia); south to E Baltic shore; S Ural Mtns, Altai Mtns (Russia), Mongolia; N China; Korea; Sakhalin Isl (Russia), and Hokkaido (Japan); perhaps mtns of W China.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Chromosomes described by Rausch and Rausch (1982), and Oshida et al. (2000a). Subspecies follow Corbet (1978c).	Siberian Flying Squirrel
12400435	Pteromys volans subsp. volans	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		volans	volans		Pteromys	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.64						
12400436	Pteromys volans subsp. athene	Thomas 1907	SUBSPECIES		athene	volans		Pteromys	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400437	Pteromys volans subsp. buechneri	Satunin 1903	SUBSPECIES		buechneri	volans		Pteromys	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400438	Pteromys volans subsp. orii	Kuroda 1921	SUBSPECIES		orii	volans		Pteromys	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400439	Pteromyscus	Thomas 1908	GENUS					Pteromyscus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.1 p.3	Sciuropterus pulverulentus Günther, 1873.				Subtribe Pteromyina.	
12400440	Pteromyscus pulverulentus	Günther 1873	SPECIES			pulverulentus		Pteromyscus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1873 p.413		borneanus  Thomas, 1908.	S Thailand to Sumatra; Borneo.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).		Smoky Flying Squirrel
12400523	Callosciurus prevostii subsp. piceus	Peters 1866	SUBSPECIES		piceus	prevostii		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia				N Sumatra.			
12400443	Trogopterus	Heude 1898	GENUS					Trogopterus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Mem. Hist. Nat. Emp. Chin. vol.4 1 p.46-47	Pteromys xanthipes Milne-Edwards, 1867.				Subtribe Pteromyina. Belomys included in Trogopterus by Corbet and Hill (1992).	
12400444	Trogopterus xanthipes	Milne-Edwards 1867	SPECIES			xanthipes		Trogopterus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. vol.8 p.376		edithae  Thomas, 1923; himalaicus Thomas, 1914; minax Thomas, 1923; mordax Thomas, 1914.	Montane forests, from Yunnan to C and E China.	IUCN  Endangered.	No subspecies recognized (Corbet and Hill, 1992).	Complex-toothed Flying Squirrel
12400445	Callosciurinae	Pocock 1923	SUBFAMILY						Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1923 p.239						
12400446	Callosciurus	Gray 1867	GENUS					Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3 vol.20 p.277	Sciurus rafflesii Vigors and Horsfield, 1828 (= Sciurus prevostii Desmarest, 1822).	Baginia  Gray, 1867; Erythrosciurus Gray, 1867; Hessonoglyphotes Moore, 1959; Heterosciurus Trouessart, 1880; Tomeutes Thomas, 1915.			Tribe Callosciurini according to Moore (1959). Formerly included Sundasciurus and Prosciurillus (in part; see Moore, 1958) and Tamiops (Moore and Tate, 1965). See also Corbet and Hill (1992). Reviewed in part by Chakraborty (1985).	
12400447	Callosciurus adamsi	Kloss 1921	SPECIES			adamsi		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	J. Str. Br. Roy. Asiat. Soc. vol.83 p.151			Lowlands and hills in Sabah and Sarawak, Borneo, below the altitudinal range of orestes.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Closely related to orestes. Distinct from albescens; see Medway (1977:93). Chromosomes of "C. albescens" from Sabah by Harada and Kobayashi (1980) refer to either this species or C. orestes.	Ear-spot Squirrel
12400467	Callosciurus erythraeus subsp. gordoni	Anderson 1871	SUBSPECIES		gordoni	erythraeus		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400448	Callosciurus albescens	Bonhote 1901	SPECIES			albescens		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.7 p.446		albiculus  G. Miller, 1942.	Sumatra. Restricted to N Sumatra.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Considered a distinct species by Medway (1977:93). Corbet and Hill (1992:291) considered albescens and albiculus assignable to C. notatus.	Klosss Squirrel
12400449	Callosciurus baluensis	Bonhote 1901	SPECIES			baluensis		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.7 p.174		baramensis  (Chasen, 1940); medialis G. M. Allen and Coolidge, 1940.	Above 300 m elevation in Sabah and Sarawak, Malaysia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Sometimes considered a subspecies of prevostii (see Medway, 1977:86), but often sympatric with that species (Payne et al., 1985). Corbet and Hill (1992:290-91) placed prevostii erythromelas (Temminck, 1853) in this species, with schlegeli (Gray, 1867) a synonym.	Kinabalu Squirrel
12400450	Callosciurus caniceps	Gray 1842	SPECIES			caniceps		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.10 p.263		epomophorus  (Bonhote, 1901); adangensis (Miller, 1903); bimaculatus (Temminck, 1853); davisoni (Bonhote, 1901); milleri (Robinson and Wroughton, 1911); casensis (Miller, 1903); concolor (Blyth, 1856); erubescens Cabrera, 1917; domelicus (Miller, 1903). <u>Not allocated to subspecies</u>: altinsularis (Miller, 1903); bentincanus (Miller, 1903); chrysonotus (Blyth, 1847); fallax (Robinson and Kloss, 1914); fluminalis (Robinson and Wroughton, 1911); hastilis Thomas, 1923; helgei (Gyldenstolpe, 1917); helvus (Shamel, 1930); inexpectatus (Kloss, 1916); lancavensis (Miller, 1903); lucas (Miller, 1903); mapravis Thomas and Robinson, 1921; matthaeus (Miller, 1903); moheius Thomas and Robinson, 1921; mohillius Thomas and Robinson, 1921; nakanus Thomas and Robinson, 1921; panjioli Thomas and Robinson, 1921; panjius Thomas and Robinson, 1921; pipidonis Thomas and Robinson, 1921; samuiensis (Robinson and Kloss, 1914); sullivanus (Miller, 1903); tabaudius Thomas, 1922; tacopius Thomas and Robinson, 1921; telibius Thomas and Robinson, 1921; terutavensis (Thomas and Wroughton, 1909).	Thailand, peninsular Burma, peninsular Malaysia, and adjacent islands.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Revised by Moore and Tate (1965), and subsequently by Corbet and Hill (1992).	Gray-bellied Squirrel
12400451	Callosciurus caniceps subsp. caniceps	Gray 1842	SUBSPECIES		caniceps	caniceps		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.10 p.263						
12400452	Callosciurus caniceps subsp. adangensis	Miller 1903	SUBSPECIES		adangensis	caniceps		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400453	Callosciurus caniceps subsp. bimaculatus	Temminck 1853	SUBSPECIES		bimaculatus	caniceps		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400454	Callosciurus caniceps subsp. casensis	Miller 1903	SUBSPECIES		casensis	caniceps		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400455	Callosciurus caniceps subsp. concolor	Blyth 1856	SUBSPECIES		concolor	caniceps		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400456	Callosciurus caniceps subsp. domelicus	Miller 1903	SUBSPECIES		domelicus	caniceps		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400503	Callosciurus melanogaster subsp. melanogaster	Thomas 1895	SUBSPECIES		melanogaster	melanogaster		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova vol.14 p.668						
12400457	Callosciurus erythraeus	Pallas 1779	SPECIES			erythraeus		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Nova Spec. Quad. Glir. Ord. p.377		wellsi  Wroughton, 1921; atrodorsalis (Gray, 1942); bartoni (Thomas 1914); careyi Thomas and Wroughton, 1916; fryanus Thomas and Wroughton, 1916; millardi Thomas and Wroughton, 1916; shortridgei Thomas and Wroughton, 1916; bhutanensis (Bonhote, 1901); crumpi Wroughton, 1916; bonhotei (Robinson and Wroughton, 1911); castaneoventris (Gray, 1842); insularis (J. A. Allen, 1906); erythrogaster (Blyth, 1842); crotalius Thomas and Wroughton, 1916; kinneari Thomas and Wroughton, 1916; nagarum Thomas and Wroughton, 1916; punctatissimus (Gray, 1867); flavimanus (G. St. Hilaire, 1831); bolovensis Osgood, 1932; contumax Thomas, 1927; dactylinus Thomas, 1927; pirata Thomas, 1929; quantulus Thomas, 1927; gloveri (Thomas, 1921); gordoni (Anderson, 1871); griseimanus (Milne-Edwards, 1867); fumigatus Bonhote, 1907; leucopus Gray, 1867; phanrangis Robinson and Kloss, 1922; vassali Bonhote, 1907; harringtoni (Thomas, 1905); solutus Thomas, 1914; hendeei Osgood, 1932; hyperythrus (Blyth, 1855); intermedius (Anderson, 1879); aquilo Wroughton, 1921; michianus (Robinson and Wroughton, 1911); haemobaphes (G. M. Allen, 1912); ningpoensis (Bonhote, 1901); tsingtanensis (Hilzheimer, 1905); pranis (Kloss, 1916); rubeculus (Miller, 1903); youngi (Robinson and Kloss, 1914); shanicus (Ryley, 1914); siamensis (Gray 1860); tachin (Kloss, 1916); sladeni (Anderson, 1871); kemmisi (Wroughton, 1908); midas (Thomas, 1914); rubex (Thomas, 1914); vernayi Carter, 1942; styani (Thomas, 1894); albifer (Hilzheimer, 1906); canigenus A. B Howell, 1927; griseopectus (Milne-Edwards, 1874); leucurus (Hilzheimer, 1905); woodi Harris, 1931; thai (Kloss, 1917); thaiwanensis (Bonhote, 1901); centralis (Bonhote, 1901); nigridorsalis Kuroda, 1935; roberti (Bonhote, 1901); zimmeensis Robinson and Wroughton, 1916; primus G. M. Allen and Coolidge, 1940. <u>Not allocated to subspecies</u>: cinnamomeiventris (Swinhoe, 1862); cucphuongis Dao Van Tien, 1965; dabshanensis Xu and Chen, 1989; gongshanensis Wang, 1981; griseopectus (Blyth, 1847); quinlingensis Xu and Chen, 1989; tsingtauensis (Hilzheimer, 1906); wuliangshanensis Li and Wang, 1981.	West of Irrawaddy River in India, Burma, and SE China. East of Irrawaddy River in Burma, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Indochina, S China, and Taiwan. Introduced into Argentina (Aprila and Chicco, 1999).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes sladeni; see Moore and Tate (1965). Includes flavimanus G. St. Hillaire (1831) as a junior synonym (Corbet and Hill, 1992:286); both were previously considered distinct (Moore and Tate, 1965). Subspecies allocations follow Moore and Tate (1965). Chromosomes described (as flavimanus) by Nadler et al. (1975b). Indian populations reviewed by Agrawal and Chakraborty (1979) and by Oshida et al. (1996a, b), and Vietnamese populations by Dao (1965).	Pallass Squirrel
12400458	Callosciurus erythraeus subsp. erythraeus	Pallas 1779	SUBSPECIES		erythraeus	erythraeus		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Nova Spec. Quad. Glir. Ord. p.377						
12400459	Callosciurus erythraeus subsp. atrodorsalis	Gray 1942	SUBSPECIES		atrodorsalis	erythraeus		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400460	Callosciurus erythraeus subsp. bartoni	Thomas 1914	SUBSPECIES		bartoni	erythraeus		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400461	Callosciurus erythraeus subsp. bhutanensis	Bonhote 1901	SUBSPECIES		bhutanensis	erythraeus		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400462	Callosciurus erythraeus subsp. bonhotei	Robinson and Wroughton 1911	SUBSPECIES		bonhotei	erythraeus		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400463	Callosciurus erythraeus subsp. castaneoventris	Gray 1842	SUBSPECIES		castaneoventris	erythraeus		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400464	Callosciurus erythraeus subsp. erythrogaster	Blyth 1842	SUBSPECIES		erythrogaster	erythraeus		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400465	Callosciurus erythraeus subsp. flavimanus	Geoffroy St. Hilaire 1831	SUBSPECIES		flavimanus	erythraeus		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400469	Callosciurus erythraeus subsp. harringtoni	Thomas 1905	SUBSPECIES		harringtoni	erythraeus		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400470	Callosciurus erythraeus subsp. hendeei	Osgood 1932	SUBSPECIES		hendeei	erythraeus		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400471	Callosciurus erythraeus subsp. hyperythrus	Blyth 1855	SUBSPECIES		hyperythrus	erythraeus		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400472	Callosciurus erythraeus subsp. intermedius	Anderson 1879	SUBSPECIES		intermedius	erythraeus		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400473	Callosciurus erythraeus subsp. michianus	Robinson and Wroughton 1911	SUBSPECIES		michianus	erythraeus		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400474	Callosciurus erythraeus subsp. ningpoensis	Bonhote 1901	SUBSPECIES		ningpoensis	erythraeus		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400475	Callosciurus erythraeus subsp. pranis	Kloss 1916	SUBSPECIES		pranis	erythraeus		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400476	Callosciurus erythraeus subsp. rubeculus	Miller 1903	SUBSPECIES		rubeculus	erythraeus		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400477	Callosciurus erythraeus subsp. shanicus	Ryley 1914	SUBSPECIES		shanicus	erythraeus		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400478	Callosciurus erythraeus subsp. siamensis	Gray 1860	SUBSPECIES		siamensis	erythraeus		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400479	Callosciurus erythraeus subsp. sladeni	Anderson 1871	SUBSPECIES		sladeni	erythraeus		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400480	Callosciurus erythraeus subsp. styani	Thomas 1894	SUBSPECIES		styani	erythraeus		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400481	Callosciurus erythraeus subsp. thai	Kloss 1917	SUBSPECIES		thai	erythraeus		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400482	Callosciurus erythraeus subsp. thaiwanensis	Bonhote 1901	SUBSPECIES		thaiwanensis	erythraeus		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400483	Callosciurus erythraeus subsp. zimmeensis	Robinson and Wroughton 1916	SUBSPECIES		zimmeensis	erythraeus		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400504	Callosciurus melanogaster subsp. atratus	Miller 1903	SUBSPECIES		atratus	melanogaster		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400505	Callosciurus melanogaster subsp. mentawi	Chasen and Kloss 1927	SUBSPECIES		mentawi	melanogaster		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400524	Callosciurus prevostii subsp. atricapillus	Schlegel 1863	SUBSPECIES		atricapillus	prevostii		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia				Borneo (including Sarawak).			
12400525	Callosciurus prevostii subsp. sarawakensis	Gray 1867	SUBSPECIES		sarawakensis	prevostii		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia				Borneo (including Sarawak).			
12800269	Thomomys bottae subsp. ruidosae	Hall 1932	SUBSPECIES		ruidosae	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12400484	Callosciurus finlaysonii	Horsfield 1823	SPECIES			finlaysonii		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Zool. Res. Java vol.7 p.151		<u>Insular</u>: albivexilli  (Kloss, 1916); folletti (Kloss, 1915); frandseni (Kloss, 1916); germaini (Milne-Edwards, 1867); harmandi (Milne-Edwards, 1877); pierrei Robinson and Kloss, 1922; trotteri (Kloss, 1916); <u>Mainland</u>: annellatus Thomas, 1929; bocourti (Milne-Edwards, 1867); cockerelli Thomas, 1928; floweri (Bonhote, 1901); leucocephalus (Bonhote, 1901); leucogaster (Milne-Edwards, 1867); prachin Kloss, 1920; rajasima (Kloss, 1920); tachardi Robinson, 1916; boonsongi Moore and Tate, 1965; cinnamomeus (Temminck, 1853); herberti Robinson and Kloss, 1922; splendens (Gray, 1861); ferrugineus (F. Cuvier, 1829); menamicus Thomas, 1929; nox (Wroughton, 1908; sinistralis (Wroughton, 1908); dextralis (Wroughton, 1908); grutei (Gyldenstolpe, 1917); lylei (Wroughton, 1908); williamsoni Robinson and Kloss, 1922. <u>Not allocated to subspecies</u>: hyperythrus Blyth, 1856; keraudrenii (Lesson, 1830); portus (Kloss, 1915).	SC Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam. Introduced into Italy (Bertolino et al., 2000).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Revised by Moore and Tate (1965). Subsequently revised and expanded to include ferrugineus by Corbet and Hill (1992:286-87). Chromosomes described by Nadler et al. (1975b).	Finlaysons Squirrel
12400485	Callosciurus finlaysonii subsp. finlaysonii	Horsfield 1823	SUBSPECIES		finlaysonii	finlaysonii		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Zool. Res. Java vol.7 p.151						
12400486	Callosciurus finlaysonii subsp. albivexilli	Kloss 1916	SUBSPECIES		albivexilli	finlaysonii		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia				Insular			
12400487	Callosciurus finlaysonii subsp. folletti	Kloss 1915	SUBSPECIES		folletti	finlaysonii		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia				Insular			
12100441	Cercopithecus albogularis subsp. kolbi	Neumann 1902	SUBSPECIES		kolbi	albogularis		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12400488	Callosciurus finlaysonii subsp. frandseni	Kloss 1916	SUBSPECIES		frandseni	finlaysonii		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia				Insular			
12400489	Callosciurus finlaysonii subsp. germaini	Milne-Edwards 1867	SUBSPECIES		germaini	finlaysonii		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia				Insular			
12400490	Callosciurus finlaysonii subsp. harmandi	Milne-Edwards 1877	SUBSPECIES		harmandi	finlaysonii		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia				Insular			
12400491	Callosciurus finlaysonii subsp. trotteri	Kloss 1916	SUBSPECIES		trotteri	finlaysonii		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia				Insular			
12400492	Callosciurus finlaysonii subsp. annellatus	Thomas 1929	SUBSPECIES		annellatus	finlaysonii		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia				On the mainland.			
12400493	Callosciurus finlaysonii subsp. bocourti	Milne-Edwards 1867	SUBSPECIES		bocourti	finlaysonii		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia				On the mainland.			
12800071	Geomys bursarius subsp. missouriensis	McLaughlin 1958	SUBSPECIES		missouriensis	bursarius		Geomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12400494	Callosciurus finlaysonii subsp. boonsongi	Moore and Tate 1965	SUBSPECIES		boonsongi	finlaysonii		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia				On the mainland.			
12400495	Callosciurus finlaysonii subsp. cinnamomeus	Temminck 1853	SUBSPECIES		cinnamomeus	finlaysonii		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia				On the mainland.			
12400496	Callosciurus finlaysonii subsp. ferrugineus	F. Cuvier 1829	SUBSPECIES		ferrugineus	finlaysonii		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia				On the mainland.			
12400497	Callosciurus finlaysonii subsp. menamicus	Thomas 1929	SUBSPECIES		menamicus	finlaysonii		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia				On the mainland.			
12400498	Callosciurus finlaysonii subsp. nox	Wroughton 1908	SUBSPECIES		nox	finlaysonii		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia				On the mainland.			
12400499	Callosciurus finlaysonii subsp. sinistralis	Wroughton 1908	SUBSPECIES		sinistralis	finlaysonii		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia				On the mainland.			
12400500	Callosciurus finlaysonii subsp. williamsoni	Robinson and Kloss 1922	SUBSPECIES		williamsoni	finlaysonii		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia				On the mainland.			
12400501	Callosciurus inornatus	Gray 1867	SPECIES			inornatus		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3 vol.20 p.282		imitator  Thomas, 1925.	Laos, N Vietnam, S Yunnan (China).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Revised by Moore and Tate (1965); distribution allopatric, separated from C. canipes by the Mekong River; sympatric with the larger C. erythraeus hendeei (Corbet and Hill, 1992:289).	Inornate Squirrel
12400502	Callosciurus melanogaster	Thomas 1895	SPECIES			melanogaster		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova vol.14 p.668		atratus  (Miller, 1903); mentawi (Chasen and Kloss, 1927).	Mentawai Isls (Indonesia), Siberut, Sipora, and N Pagai.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Corbet and Hill (1992:292). Part of the rodent fauna endemic to the Mentawai Archipelago (see comments under Leopoldamys siporanus).	Mentawai Squirrel
12400522	Callosciurus prevostii subsp. melanops	Miller 1902	SUBSPECIES		melanops	prevostii		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia				E Sumatra.			
12400506	Callosciurus nigrovittatus	Horsfield 1823	SPECIES			nigrovittatus		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Zool. Res. Java vol.7 p.149		bantamensis  Sody, 1949; besuki (Kloss, 1921); grisei-venter (Geoffroy, 1831); madsoedi Sody, 1929; phoenicurus Sody, 1949; salakensis Sody, 1949; tenggerensis Sody, 1949; bilimitatus (Miller, 1903); johorensis (Robinson and Wroughton, 1911); microrhynchus (Kloss, 1908); bocki (Robinson and Wroughton, 1911); acraeus (Miller, 1942); klossi (Miller, 1900).	Vietnam, Malaysia, peninsular Thailand, Sumatra, Borneo, Java, adjacent small islands.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Corbet and Hill (1992:292).	Black-striped Squirrel
12400507	Callosciurus nigrovittatus subsp. nigrovittatus	Horsfield 1823	SUBSPECIES		nigrovittatus	nigrovittatus		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Zool. Res. Java vol.7 p.149						
12400508	Callosciurus nigrovittatus subsp. bilimitatus	Miller 1903	SUBSPECIES		bilimitatus	nigrovittatus		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400509	Callosciurus nigrovittatus subsp. bocki	Robinson and Wroughton 1911	SUBSPECIES		bocki	nigrovittatus		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400510	Callosciurus nigrovittatus subsp. klossi	Miller 1900	SUBSPECIES		klossi	nigrovittatus		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400511	Callosciurus notatus	Boddaert 1785	SPECIES			notatus		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Elench. Anim. p.119		<u>The following taxa are from Java</u>: badjing  (Kerr, 1792); balstoni (Robinson and Wroughton, 1911); bilineatus (Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 1817); dschinschicus (Gmelin, 1788); ginginianus (Shaw, 1801); plantani (Ljungh, 1801); tamansari (Kloss, 1921); diardii (Jentink, 1879); andrewsii (Bonhote, 1901); madurae (Thomas, 1910); magnificus Sody, 1949; prinsulae Sody, 1949; vanheurni Sody, 1929; verbeeki Sody, 1929. The following taxa are from Sumatra: vittatus (Raffles, 1821); albescens (Bonhote, 1901); albiculus Miller, 1942; bivittatus (Desmarest, 1822); ictericus (Miller, 1903); kalianda (Sody, 1949); nicotianicae (Sody, 1936); percommodus (Chasen, 1940); pretiosus (Miller, 1903); rupatius (Lyon, 1908); saturatus (Miller, 1903); tapanulius (Lyon, 1907); tarussanus (Lyon, 1907); tedongus (Lyon, 1906); toupai (Lesson, 1827); ubericolor (Miller, 1903). The following is from Borneo: suffusus (Bonhote, 1901). <u>The following taxa are from mainland Malaya, S Thailand, and adjacent islands</u>: miniatus (Miller, 1900); aoris (Miller, 1903); famulus (Robinson, 1912); guillemardi (Kloss, 1926); lighti (Chasen and Kloss, 1924); pemangiliensis (Miller, 1903); peninsularis (Miller, 1903); plasticus (Kloss, 1911); scottii (Kloss, 1911); singapurensis (Robinson, 1916); subluteus (Thomas and Wroughton, 1909); tenuirostris (Miller, 1900); tinggius Hill, 1960; watsoni (Kloss, 1911). <u>Remaining names (most from small islands), not allocated to subspecies</u>: abbottii (Miller, 1900); anambensis (Miller, 1900); arendsis (Lyon, 1911); atristriatus (Miller, 1913); billitonus (Lyon, 1906); conipus (Lyon, 1911); datus (Lyon, 1911); dilutus (Miller, 1913); director (Lyon, 1909); dulitensis (Bonhote, 1901); lamucotanus (Lyon, 1911); lautensis (Miller, 1901); lunaris (Chasen and Kloss, 1924); lutescens (Miller, 1901); malawali (Chasen and Kloss, 1932); maporensis (Robinson, 1916); marinsularis (Lyon, 1911); microtis (Jentink, 1879); nesiotes (Thomas and Wroughton, 1909); pannovianus (Miller, 1903); perhentiani (Kloss, 1911); poliopus (Lyon, 1911); proteus (Kloss, 1911); raptor Hill, 1960; rubidiventris (Miller, 1901); rutiliventris (Miller, 1901); seraiae (Miller, 1901); serutus (Miller, 1906); siriensis (Lyon, 1911); stellaris (Chasen and Kloss, 1924); stresemanni (Thomas, 1913); vinocastaneus Sody, 1949.	From peninsular Malaysia and Thailand to Java, Bali, and Borneo; Lombok Isl; Salayer Isl (south of Sulawesi; Musser, 1987a considered this population an introduction, possibly from Java); widespread on smaller islands.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Corbet and Hill (1992:291) commented on the enormous number of named forms, in contrast to which is the slight degree of geographic variation compared to other widespread species of Callosciurus. Chromosomes described by Nadler et al. (1975b).	Plantain Squirrel
12400512	Callosciurus notatus subsp. notatus	Boddaert 1785	SUBSPECIES		notatus	notatus		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Elench. Anim. p.119			Java.			
12400513	Callosciurus notatus subsp. diardii	Jentink 1879	SUBSPECIES		diardii	notatus		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia				Java.			
12400514	Callosciurus notatus subsp. vittatus	Raffles 1821	SUBSPECIES		vittatus	notatus		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia				Sumatra.			
12400515	Callosciurus notatus subsp. suffusus	Bonhote 1901	SUBSPECIES		suffusus	notatus		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia				Borneo.			
12400516	Callosciurus notatus subsp. miniatus	Miller 1900	SUBSPECIES		miniatus	notatus		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia				Mainland Malaya, S Thailand, and adjacent islands.			
12400517	Callosciurus orestes	Thomas 1895	SPECIES			orestes		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.15 p.529		canalvus  (Moore, 1959); venetus (Chasen, 1940).	Sabah and Sarawak (Borneo), Malaysia, at middle elevations (Payne et al., 1985).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Formerly considered a subspecies of C. nigrovittatus (e.g., Medway, 1977:92), but clearly distinct (Payne et al., 1985). Includes Glyphotes canalvus, which Moore (1959) placed in subgenus Hessonoglyphotes; these names are now synonyms of Callosciurus. Closely related to adamsi (see comments therein).	Borneo Black-banded Squirrel
12400518	Callosciurus phayrei	Blyth 1856	SPECIES			phayrei		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.24 p.472		blanfordii  (Blyth, 1862); heinrichi Tate, 1954.	Upper Irrawaddy River and Sittang River eastward to Salween River, S Burma.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Considered a distinct species by Moore and Tate (1965) instead of a subspecies of flavimanus. Closely allied to caniceps and pygerythrus (Corbet and Hill, 1992:289).	Phayre's Squirrel
12400519	Callosciurus prevostii	Desmarest 1822	SPECIES			prevostii		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Mammalogie, in Encyclop. Méth. p.335		<u>The following taxa are from mainland Malaysia</u>: prevostii  (Desmarest, 1822); humei (Bonhote, 1901); indica (Muller and Schlegel, 1842); wrayi (Kloss, 1910). The following taxa are from S Sumatra: rafflesii (Vigors and Horsfield, 1828); harrisoni (Stone and Rehn, 1902); sumatranus (Schlegel, 1863). <u>The following are from E Sumatra</u>: melanops (Miller, 1902); nyx (Lyon, 1908); penialius (Lyon, 1908). <u>The following are from N Sumatra</u>: piceus (Peters, 1866); erebus (Miller, 1903); pluto (Gray, 1867). <u>The following are from Borneo, including Sarawak</u>: atricapillus (Schlegel, 1863); armalis (Lyon, 1911); carimatae (Miller, 1906); pelapius (Lyon, 1911); proserpinae (Lyon, 1906); sanggaus (Lyon, 1907); sarawakensis (Gray, 1867); caroli (Bonhote, 1901). <u>Not allocated to subspecies</u>: atrox (Miller, 1913); bangkanus (Schlegel, 1863); banksi (Chasen, 1933); borneoensis (Müller and Schlegel, 1842); caedis (Chasen and Kloss, 1932); carimonensis (Miller, 1906); condurensis (Miller, 1906); coomansi Sody, 1949; erythromelas (Temminck, 1853); griseicauda (Bonhote, 1901); indica (Müller and Schlegel, 1842) [not indicus Erxleben, 1777]; kuchingensis (Bonhote, 1901); mendanauus (Lyon, 1906); mimellus (Miller, 1900); mimiculus (Miller, 1900); navigator (Bonhote, 1901); palustris (Lyon, 1907); redimitus (Boon Mesch, 1829); rufogularis (Gray, 1842); rufoniger (Motley and Dillwyn, 1855); rufonigra (Gray, 1842); schlegeli (Gray, 1867); suffusus (Bonhote, 1901); waringensis Sody, 1949.	Peninsular Thailand to Sumatra, Borneo, and adjacent small islands; N Sulawesi. Musser (1987a) considered the population in Sulawesi as introduced.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Corbet and Hill (1992:289-90). Formerly included baluensis; but the two are often sympatric (Payne et al., 1985). Heaney (1978) discussed body size variation in this species. Oshida et al. (1996b) described chromosomes.	Prevost's Squirrel
12400520	Callosciurus prevostii subsp. prevostii	Desmarest 1822	SUBSPECIES		prevostii	prevostii		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Mammalogie, in Encyclop. Méth. p.335			Mainland Malaysia.			
12400521	Callosciurus prevostii subsp. rafflesii	Vigors and Horsfield 1828	SUBSPECIES		rafflesii	prevostii		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia				S Sumatra.			
12400526	Callosciurus pygerythrus	I. Geoffroy Saint Hilaire 1833	SPECIES			pygerythrus		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Mag. Zool. Paris vol.2 p.p. 5, pl. 4-6		blythii  (Tytler, 1854); janetta (Thomas, 1914); lokroides (Hodgson, 1836); assamensis (Gray, 1843); similis (Gray, 1867); mearsi (Bonhote, 1906); bellona (Thomas and Wroughton, 1916); virgo (Thomas and Wroughton, 1916); owensi (Thomas and Wroughton, 1916); stevensi (Thomas, 1908).	Nepal and NE India to Burma, N Vietnam, and Yunnan (China).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Revised by Moore and Tate (1965:209); reviewed by Corbet and Hill (1992:289).	Irrawaddy Squirrel
12400527	Callosciurus pygerythrus subsp. pygerythrus	I. Geoffroy Saint Hilaire 1833	SUBSPECIES		pygerythrus	pygerythrus		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Mag. Zool. Paris vol.2 p.p. 5, pl. 4-6						
12400528	Callosciurus pygerythrus subsp. blythii	Tytler 1854	SUBSPECIES		blythii	pygerythrus		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400529	Callosciurus pygerythrus subsp. janetta	Thomas 1914	SUBSPECIES		janetta	pygerythrus		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400530	Callosciurus pygerythrus subsp. lokroides	Hodgson 1836	SUBSPECIES		lokroides	pygerythrus		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400531	Callosciurus pygerythrus subsp. mearsi	Bonhote 1906	SUBSPECIES		mearsi	pygerythrus		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400532	Callosciurus pygerythrus subsp. owensi	Thomas and Wroughton 1916	SUBSPECIES		owensi	pygerythrus		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400533	Callosciurus pygerythrus subsp. stevensi	Thomas 1908	SUBSPECIES		stevensi	pygerythrus		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400570	Funambulus layardi subsp. layardi	Blyth 1849	SUBSPECIES		layardi	layardi	Funambulus	Funambulus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.18 p.602						
12400723	Xerus rutilus subsp. massaicus	Toschi 1945	SUBSPECIES		massaicus	rutilus	Xerus	Xerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400534	Callosciurus quinquestriatus	Anderson 1871	SPECIES			quinquestriatus		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1871 p.142		beebei (J. A. Allen, 1911); sylvester Thomas, 1926; imarius Thomas, 1926.	NE Burma, Yunnan (China).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Included in C. erythraeus by Moore and Tate (1965:209); but this distinctly marked species with a very limited range is sympatric with the more widely distributed C. erythraeus in W Yunnan (Corbet and Hill, 1992:286).	Anderson's Squirrel
12400535	Callosciurus quinquestriatus subsp. quinquestriatus	Anderson 1871	SUBSPECIES		quinquestriatus	quinquestriatus		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1871 p.142						
12400536	Callosciurus quinquestriatus subsp. imarius	Thomas 1926	SUBSPECIES		imarius	quinquestriatus		Callosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400537	Dremomys	Heude 1898	GENUS					Dremomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Mem. Hist. Nat. Emp. Chin. vol.4 2 p.54	Sciurus pernyi Milne-Edwards, 1867.	Zetis  Thomas, 1908 [Type species S. rufigenis Blanford].			Tribe Callosciurini according to Moore (1959). Reviewed by Moore and Tate (1965), and Corbet and Hill (1992).	
12400538	Dremomys everetti	Thomas 1890	SPECIES			everetti		Dremomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.6 p.171			Mountains of N and W Borneo (Kalimantan, Sarawak, Sabah), above 3,200 ft. (975 m).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Bornean Mountain Ground Squirrel
12400539	Dremomys gularis	Osgood 1932	SPECIES			gularis		Dremomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Publ. Zool. vol.18 p.284			Red River Valley from N Vietnam to SC Yunnan (China) (Zhang et al., 1997).		This species lives in geographic sympatry with D. rufigenis, but at higher altitudes. It resembles D. pyrrhomerus in large size of rostrum.	Red-throated Squirrel
12400540	Dremomys lokriah	Hodgson 1836	SPECIES			lokriah		Dremomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.5 p.232		bhotia  Thomas and Wrougton, 1916; garonum Thomas, 1922; subflaviventris Thomas, 1922; macmillani Thomas and Wroughton, 1916; motuoensis Cai and Zhang, 1980; pagus Moore, 1956.	C Nepal east to Salween River; Xizang (China); N Burma; mountains in E India; Bhutan.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Revised by Moore and Tate (1965); see also Agrawal and Chakraborty (1979).	Orange-bellied Himalayan Squirrel
12400541	Dremomys lokriah subsp. lokriah	Hodgson 1836	SUBSPECIES		lokriah	lokriah		Dremomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.5 p.232						
12400542	Dremomys lokriah subsp. garonum	Thomas 1922	SUBSPECIES		garonum	lokriah		Dremomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400543	Dremomys lokriah subsp. macmillani	Thomas and Wroughton 1916	SUBSPECIES		macmillani	lokriah		Dremomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400544	Dremomys lokriah subsp. motuoensis	Cai and Zhang 1980	SUBSPECIES		motuoensis	lokriah		Dremomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
13700416	Chodsigoa parva	G. M. Allen 1923	SPECIES			parva		Chodsigoa	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.100 p.5			Known only from the type locality.		Hoffmann (1985b) synonymized C. parva with C. lamula and was followed by Corbet and Hill (1992), but Lunde et al. (2003b) demonstrated that C. parva is much smaller than C. lamula and represents a good species known only by the type series, a conclusion already drawn by Allen (1938).	Pygmy Brown-toothed Shrew
12400546	Dremomys pernyi	Milne-Edwards 1867	SPECIES			pernyi		Dremomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Rev. Mag. Zool. (Paris), ser. 2 vol.19 p.19		griselda  Thomas, 1916; lentus A. B. Howell, 1927; flavior G. M. Allen, 1912; lichiensis Thomas, 1922; howelli Thomas, 1922; calidior Thomas, 1916; chintalis Thomas, 1916; modestus Thomas, 1916; imus Thomas, 1922; mentosus Thomas, 1922; owstoni (Thomas, 1908); senex G. M. Allen, 1912.	NE India; N Burma; N Vietnam; Xizang; Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Fujian, Anhui, Taiwan (China).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Corbet and Hill (1992:298-99); see also G. M. Allen (1940:647-54).	Perny's Long-nosed Squirrel
12400547	Dremomys pernyi subsp. pernyi	Milne-Edwards 1867	SUBSPECIES		pernyi	pernyi		Dremomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Rev. Mag. Zool. (Paris), ser. 2 vol.19 p.19						
12400548	Dremomys pernyi subsp. flavior	G. M. Allen 1912	SUBSPECIES		flavior	pernyi		Dremomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400549	Dremomys pernyi subsp. howelli	Thomas 1922	SUBSPECIES		howelli	pernyi		Dremomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400550	Dremomys pernyi subsp. imus	Thomas 1922	SUBSPECIES		imus	pernyi		Dremomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400551	Dremomys pernyi subsp. owstoni	Thomas 1908	SUBSPECIES		owstoni	pernyi		Dremomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400552	Dremomys pernyi subsp. senex	G. M. Allen 1912	SUBSPECIES		senex	pernyi		Dremomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400571	Funambulus layardi subsp. dravidianus	Robinson 1917	SUBSPECIES		dravidianus	layardi	Funambulus	Funambulus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400679	Tamiops mcclellandii subsp. collinus	Moore 1958	SUBSPECIES		collinus	mcclellandii		Tamiops	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400589	Hyosciurus ileile	Tate and Archbold 1936	SPECIES			ileile		Hyosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.846 p.1			Mountains of Sulawesi.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Formerly considered a subspecies of heinrichi (Tate and Archbold, 1936), but see Musser (1987a).	Lowland Long-nosed Squirrel
12400553	Dremomys pyrrhomerus	Thomas 1895	SPECIES			pyrrhomerus		Dremomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.16 p.242		melli  Matschie, 1922; riudonensis J. A. Allen, 1906.	C and S China, extreme N Vietnam, Hainan Isl (China).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Moore and Tate (1965) treated pyrrhomerus as a species separate from rufigenis based on evidence of geographic parapatry, and relative rostral length. Corbet and Hill (1992) listed gularis as a separate species, but considered other forms of pyrrhomerus to be conspecific with rufigenis, whereas Zhang et al. (1997) followed Moore and Tate (op. cit.), providing additional Chinese locality records showing sympatry of the two taxa at 10 localities in Yunnan, 3 in Guangxi, and one each in Hunan and Anhui provinces.	Red-hipped Squirrel
12400554	Dremomys pyrrhomerus subsp. pyrrhomerus	Thomas 1895	SUBSPECIES		pyrrhomerus	pyrrhomerus		Dremomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.16 p.242						
12400555	Dremomys pyrrhomerus subsp. riudonensis	J. A. Allen 1906	SUBSPECIES		riudonensis	pyrrhomerus		Dremomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400556	Dremomys rufigenis	Blanford 1878	SPECIES			rufigenis		Dremomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.47 2 p.156		laomache  Thomas, 1921; adamsoni Thomas, 1914; opimus Thomas and Wroughton, 1916; belfieldi (Bonhote, 1908); fuscus (Bonhote, 1907); ornatus Thomas, 1914.	NE India, N and C Burma; Anhui, Hunan, Guangxi and Yunnan (China), Laos, south through Vietnam, Thailand, peninsular Malaysia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Formerly included pyrrhomerus; but see Moore and Tate (1965), and comments under D. pyrrhomerus. Chromosomes described by Nadler and Hoffmann (1970).	Asian Red-cheeked Squirrel
12400557	Dremomys rufigenis subsp. rufigenis	Blanford 1878	SUBSPECIES		rufigenis	rufigenis		Dremomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.47 2 p.156						
12400558	Dremomys rufigenis subsp. adamsoni	Thomas 1914	SUBSPECIES		adamsoni	rufigenis		Dremomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400559	Dremomys rufigenis subsp. belfieldi	Bonhote 1908	SUBSPECIES		belfieldi	rufigenis		Dremomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400560	Dremomys rufigenis subsp. fuscus	Bonhote 1907	SUBSPECIES		fuscus	rufigenis		Dremomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400561	Dremomys rufigenis subsp. ornatus	Thomas 1914	SUBSPECIES		ornatus	rufigenis		Dremomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400578	Funambulus pennantii subsp. argentescens	Wroughton 1905	SUBSPECIES		argentescens	pennantii	Prasadsciurus	Funambulus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400562	Exilisciurus	Moore 1958	GENUS					Exilisciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.1914 p.4	Sciurus exilis Müller, 1838.				Tribe Callosciurini according to Moore (1959). The species included in Exilisciurus were formerly included in Nannosciurus; see Moore (1958, 1959) and Heaney (1985).	
12400563	Exilisciurus concinnus	Thomas 1888	SPECIES			concinnus		Exilisciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.2 p.407		luncefordi  (Taylor, 1934); samaricus (Thomas, 1897); surrutilus (Hollister, 1913).	Mindanao faunal region (Heaney et al., 1987) including Mindanao, Basilan, Biliran, Bohol, Dinagat, Leyte, Samar, and Siargao Isls (Heaney, 1985).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Revised by Heaney (1985).	Philippine Pygmy Squirrel
12400564	Exilisciurus exilis	Müller 1838	SPECIES			exilis		Exilisciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. Physiol. vol.5 p.138		retectus  (Thomas, 1910); sordidus (Chasen and Kloss, 1928).	Borneo and Banggi Isl.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Least Pygmy Squirrel
12400565	Exilisciurus whiteheadi	Thomas 1887	SPECIES			whiteheadi		Exilisciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5 vol.20 p.127			Mountains of Sabah and Sarawak (Malaysia), above 900 m, and adjacent parts of West Kalimantan, Indonesia (Medway, 1977).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Tufted Pygmy Squirrel
12400566	Funambulus	Lesson 1835	GENUS					Funambulus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Illustr. Zool. p.pl. 43	Sciurus indicus Lesson, 1835 (= Sciurus palmarum Linnaeus, 1776).	Palmista  Gray, 1867; Prasadsciurus Moore and Tate, 1965; Tamiodes Pocock, 1923.			Tribe Funambulini according to Moore (1959:170). Reviewed by Moore (1960) and Moore and Tate (1965). Includes Funambulus and Prasadsciurus as subgenera. Prasad (1957) proposed a separate subfamily for the genus, based on the supposedly unique anatomy of the male reproductive tract. Trends in evolution of karyotypes analyzed by Aswathanarayana (1987). Grouped with African squirrels by Moore (1959). However, recent molecular studies suggest that Funambulus is a basal member of the Callosciurinae (Mercer and Roth, 2003), as suggested earlier on the basis of bacular morphology (Pocock, 1923: 239).	
12400567	Funambulus	Lesson 1835	SUBGENUS				Funambulus	Funambulus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Illustr. Zool. p.pl. 43	Sciurus indicus Lesson, 1835 (= Sciurus palmarum Linnaeus, 1776).					
12400568	Prasadsciurus	Moore and Tate 1965	SUBGENUS				Prasadsciurus	Funambulus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400587	Hyosciurus	Archbold and Tate 1935	GENUS					Hyosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.801 p.2	Hyosciurus heinrichi Tate and Archbold, 1935.				Tribe Callosciurini according to Moore (1959:174).	
12400569	Funambulus layardi	Blyth 1849	SPECIES			layardi	Funambulus	Funambulus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.18 p.602		signatus  Thomas, 1924; dravidianus Robinson, 1917.	S and C Sri Lanka, and mountains of S India.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Funambulus. The presence of this species in S India is based on very few specimens.	Layard's Palm Squirrel
12400608	Menetes berdmorei subsp. consularis	Thomas 1914	SUBSPECIES		consularis	berdmorei		Menetes	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400572	Funambulus palmarum	Linnaeus 1766	SPECIES			palmarum	Funambulus	Funambulus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Syst. Nat., 12th ed. vol.1 p.86		bellaricus  Wroughton, 1916; comorinus Wroughton, 1905; gossei Wroughton and Davidson, 1919; indicus (Lesson, 1835) [not Erxleben, 1777]; penicillatus (Leach, 1814); brodiei (Blyth, 1849); favonicus Thomas and Wroughton, 1915; kelaarti (Layard, in Blyth, 1851); matugamensis Lindsay, 1926; olympius Thomas and Wroughton, 1915; robertsoni 1916; bengalensis Wroughton, 1916.	C and S India, Sri Lanka.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Funambulus. Distribution largely allopatric with that of F. pennantii, but limited area of sympatry in Central Provinces and along W coast of India, south of 16° N lat. (Corbet and Hill, 1992; Moore, 1960).	Indian Palm Squirrel
12400573	Funambulus palmarum subsp. palmarum	Linnaeus 1766	SUBSPECIES		palmarum	palmarum	Funambulus	Funambulus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Syst. Nat., 12th ed. vol.1 p.86						
12400574	Funambulus palmarum subsp. brodiei	Blyth 1849	SUBSPECIES		brodiei	palmarum	Funambulus	Funambulus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400575	Funambulus palmarum subsp. robertsoni	Wroughton 1916	SUBSPECIES		robertsoni	palmarum	Funambulus	Funambulus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400576	Funambulus pennantii	Wroughton 1905	SPECIES			pennantii	Prasadsciurus	Funambulus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. vol.16 p.411		lutescens  Wroughton, 1916; argentescens Wroughton, 1905.	SE Iran through Pakistan to Nepal and N and C India. Perhaps adjacent Afghanistan. Introduced to Andaman Isls and vicinity of Perth in Western Australia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Prasadsciurus (Moore and Tate, 1965:71). Reviewed by Agrawal and Chakraborty (1979), and Corbet and Hill (1992).	Northern Palm Squirrel
12400577	Funambulus pennantii subsp. pennantii	Wroughton 1905	SUBSPECIES		pennantii	pennantii	Prasadsciurus	Funambulus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. vol.16 p.411						
12400579	Funambulus sublineatus	Waterhouse 1838	SPECIES			sublineatus	Funambulus	Funambulus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1838 p.19		delesserti  (Gervais, 1841); trilineatus (Kelaart, 1852); obscurus (Pelzeln and Kohl, 1886); kathleenae Thomas and Wroughton, 1915.	SW India, C Sri Lanka.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Funambulus.	Dusky Palm Squirrel
12400580	Funambulus sublineatus subsp. sublineatus	Waterhouse 1838	SUBSPECIES		sublineatus	sublineatus	Funambulus	Funambulus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1838 p.19						
12400581	Funambulus sublineatus subsp. obscurus	Pelzeln and Kohl 1886	SUBSPECIES		obscurus	sublineatus	Funambulus	Funambulus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400582	Funambulus tristriatus	Waterhouse 1837	SPECIES			tristriatus	Funambulus	Funambulus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Mag. Nat. Hist. [Charlesworth's] vol.1 p.499		annandalei  Robinson, 1917; dussumieri (Milne-Edwards, 1867); wroughtoni Ryley, 1913; numarius Wroughton, 1916; thomasi Wroughton and Davidson, 1919.	West coast of India, from below 20° N to southern tip.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Funambulus.	Jungle Palm Squirrel
12400583	Funambulus tristriatus subsp. tristriatus	Waterhouse 1837	SUBSPECIES		tristriatus	tristriatus	Funambulus	Funambulus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Mag. Nat. Hist. [Charlesworth's] vol.1 p.499						
12400584	Funambulus tristriatus subsp. numarius	Wroughton 1916	SUBSPECIES		numarius	tristriatus	Funambulus	Funambulus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400585	Glyphotes	Thomas 1898	GENUS					Glyphotes	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.2 p.251	Glyphotes simus Thomas, 1898.				Tribe Callosciurini according to Moore (1959). Corbet and Hill (1992) placed this genus in Callosciurus. Both Payne et al. (1985) and Corbet and Hill (1992) considered Hessonoglyphotes Moore (1959), originally described as a subgenus of Glyphotes, to be a junior synonym of Callosciurus.	
12400586	Glyphotes simus	Thomas 1898	SPECIES			simus		Glyphotes	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.2 p.251			Mountains of Borneo; Sabah and Sarawak (Malaysia), 1000 to 1700 m.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Hill (1959).	Sculptor Squirrel
12400588	Hyosciurus heinrichi	Archbold and Tate 1935	SPECIES			heinrichi		Hyosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.801 p.2			Restricted to mountains of C Sulawesi (Musser and Dagosto, 1987:44).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Formerly included ileile (Tate and Archbold, 1936:1); see comments therein.	Montane Long-nosed Squirrel
12400609	Menetes berdmorei subsp. decoratus	Thomas 1914	SUBSPECIES		decoratus	berdmorei		Menetes	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400590	Lariscus	Thomas and Wroughton 1909	GENUS					Lariscus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1909 p.389	Sciurus insignis F. Cuvier, 1821.	Laria  Gray, 1867 [not Scopoli, 1763]; Paralariscus Ellerman, 1947.			Tribe Callosciurini according to Moore (1959:173). Includes Paralariscus, treated as a genus by Ellerman (1947b:259) and Moore (1959:173).	
12400591	Lariscus hosei	Thomas 1892	SPECIES			hosei		Lariscus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.10 p.215			Mountains of Sarawak and Sabah (Malaysia).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Sometimes put in the genus Paralariscus; see Ellerman (1947b:259); but also see Medway (1977:97).	Four-striped Ground Squirrel
12400592	Lariscus insignis	F. Cuvier 1821	SPECIES			insignis		Lariscus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	In E. Geoffroy St. Hilaire and F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mammifères, pt. 2 vol.4 34 p.2 pp		diversus  (Thomas, 1898); javanus (Thomas and Wroughton, 1909); murianus Sody, 1937; peninsulae (Miller, 1903); fornicatus Robinson, 1917; meridionalis Robinson and Kloss, 1911; rostratus (Miller, 1903); atchinensis Sody, 1949; diversoides Sody, 1949; jalorensis (Bonhote, 1903). <u>Not allocated to subspecies</u>: castaneus (Miller, 1900); saturatus Chasen, 1935.	Peninsular Malaysia and Thailand, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, adjacent isls.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Formerly included niobe, and obscurus; see Chasen (1940:145-146); but see also Corbet and Hill (1992:300); see comments under niobe.	Three-striped Ground Squirrel
12400593	Lariscus insignis subsp. insignis	F. Cuvier 1821	SUBSPECIES		insignis	insignis		Lariscus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	In E. Geoffroy St. Hilaire and F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mammifères, pt. 2 vol.4 34 p.2 pp						
12400594	Lariscus insignis subsp. diversus	Thomas 1898	SUBSPECIES		diversus	insignis		Lariscus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400595	Lariscus insignis subsp. javanus	Thomas and Wroughton 1909	SUBSPECIES		javanus	insignis		Lariscus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400596	Lariscus insignis subsp. peninsulae	Miller 1903	SUBSPECIES		peninsulae	insignis		Lariscus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400597	Lariscus insignis subsp. rostratus	Miller 1903	SUBSPECIES		rostratus	insignis		Lariscus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400598	Lariscus niobe	Thomas 1898	SPECIES			niobe		Lariscus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.2 p.249		vulcanus  Kloss, 1921.	Mountains of Sumatra, and Java (Idjen Mtns).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Given full specific status by Moore (1959); but see Chasen (1940:145). The subspecies vulcanus is restricted to Java.	Niobe Ground Squirrel
12400599	Lariscus niobe subsp. niobe	Thomas 1898	SUBSPECIES		niobe	niobe		Lariscus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.2 p.249						
12400600	Lariscus niobe subsp. vulcanus	Kloss 1921	SUBSPECIES		vulcanus	niobe		Lariscus	Sciuridae	Rodentia				Java.			
12400601	Lariscus obscurus	Miller 1903	SPECIES			obscurus		Lariscus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Smithson. Misc. Coll. vol.45 p.23		auroreus  Sody, 1949; siberu Chasen and Kloss, 1928.	Siberut, Sipora, N and S Pagai Island (Sumatra, Indonesia).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Formerly included in insignis (Chasen, 1940) or niobe (Chasen and Kloss (1927). Part of the rodent fauna endemic to the Mentawai Archipelago (see comments under Leopoldamys siporanus).	Mentawai Three-striped Squirrel
12400602	Lariscus obscurus subsp. obscurus	Miller 1903	SUBSPECIES		obscurus	obscurus		Lariscus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Smithson. Misc. Coll. vol.45 p.23						
12400603	Lariscus obscurus subsp. auroreus	Sody 1949	SUBSPECIES		auroreus	obscurus		Lariscus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400604	Lariscus obscurus subsp. siberu	Chasen and Kloss 1928	SUBSPECIES		siberu	obscurus		Lariscus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400605	Menetes	Thomas 1908	GENUS					Menetes	Sciuridae	Rodentia	J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. vol.18 p.244	Sciurus berdmorei Blyth, 1849.				Tribe Callosciurini according to Moore (1959:173). Reviewed by Moore and Tate (1965).	
12400626	Prosciurillus leucomus subsp. tonkeanus	Meyer 1896	SUBSPECIES		tonkeanus	leucomus		Prosciurillus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400680	Tamiops mcclellandii subsp. inconstans	Thomas 1920	SUBSPECIES		inconstans	mcclellandii		Tamiops	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400606	Menetes berdmorei	Blyth 1849	SPECIES			berdmorei		Menetes	Sciuridae	Rodentia	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.18 30 p.603		amotus  (Miller, 1913); consularis Thomas, 1914; koratensis (Gyldenstolpe, 1917); decoratus Thomas, 1914; moerescens Thomas, 1914; mouhotei (Gray, 1861); peninsularis Kloss, 1919; rufescens Kloss, 1916; umbrosus Kloss, 1916; pyrrocephalus (Milne-Edwards, 1867).	S Vietnam, Cambodia, S Laos, Thailand, S Yunnan (China) to C Burma.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	For taxonomic history, see Moore and Tate (1965:294). Chromosomes described by Nadler and Hoffmann (1970). Corbet and Hill (1992) opined "Although there is considerable geographic variation...it is unlikely that discrete subspecies can be recognized."	Indochinese Ground Squirrel
12400607	Menetes berdmorei subsp. berdmorei	Blyth 1849	SUBSPECIES		berdmorei	berdmorei		Menetes	Sciuridae	Rodentia	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.18 30 p.603						
12400610	Menetes berdmorei subsp. moerescens	Thomas 1914	SUBSPECIES		moerescens	berdmorei		Menetes	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400611	Menetes berdmorei subsp. mouhotei	Gray 1861	SUBSPECIES		mouhotei	berdmorei		Menetes	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400612	Menetes berdmorei subsp. peninsularis	Kloss 1919	SUBSPECIES		peninsularis	berdmorei		Menetes	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400613	Menetes berdmorei subsp. pyrrocephalus	Milne-Edwards 1867	SUBSPECIES		pyrrocephalus	berdmorei		Menetes	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400614	Nannosciurus	Trouessart 1880	GENUS					Nannosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Le Naturaliste p.292	Sciurus melanotis Müller, 1840.				Tribe Callosciurini according to Moore (1959). Formerly included the species now placed in Exilisciurus; see Moore (1958) and Heaney (1985).	
12400615	Nannosciurus melanotis	Müller 1840	SPECIES			melanotis		Nannosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	In Temminck, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Nederland. Overz. Bezitt., Zool., Zoogd. Indisch. Archipel. p.35 [1840], see comments		soricinus  (Waterhouse, 1838) [nomen nudum]; bancanus Lyon, 1906; borneanus Lyon, 1906; pallidus Chasen and Kloss, 1928; pulcher Miller, 1902; sumatranus Lyon, 1906.	Sumatra, Java, Borneo, adjacent small islands.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	This species was further described by Müller and Schlegel, in Temminck, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Nederland. Overz. Bezitt., Zool., Mammalia, pp. 87, 88, 98 [1844], pl. 14, fig 4, 5 [1841] (from which this species is often cited). Reviewed by Heaney (1985).	Black-eared Squirrel
12400616	Nannosciurus melanotis subsp. melanotis	Müller 1840	SUBSPECIES		melanotis	melanotis		Nannosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	In Temminck, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Nederland. Overz. Bezitt., Zool., Zoogd. Indisch. Archipel. p.35 [1840], see comments					This taxon was further described by Müller and Schlegel, in Temminck, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Nederland. Overz. Bezitt., Zool., Mammalia, pp. 87, 88, 98 [1844], pl. 14, fig 4, 5 [1841] (from which it is often cited).	
12400617	Nannosciurus melanotis subsp. bancanus	Lyon 1906	SUBSPECIES		bancanus	melanotis		Nannosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400618	Nannosciurus melanotis subsp. borneanus	Lyon 1906	SUBSPECIES		borneanus	melanotis		Nannosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400619	Nannosciurus melanotis subsp. pulcher	Miller 1902	SUBSPECIES		pulcher	melanotis		Nannosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400620	Prosciurillus	Ellerman 1947	GENUS					Prosciurillus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.117 p.259	Sciurus murinus Müller and Schlegel, 1844.				Tribe Callosciurini according to Moore (1959); closely related to Sundasciurus (see Heaney, 1985). Reviewed by Moore (1958), who transferred leucomus from Callosciurus to this genus.	
12400621	Prosciurillus abstrusus	Moore 1958	SPECIES			abstrusus		Prosciurillus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.1890 p.3		obscurus  Moore, 1959.	Known only from the type locality in SE Sulawesi.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Includes obscurus, probably a nomen nudum; see Moore (1959:203).	Secretive Dwarf Squirrel
12400622	Prosciurillus leucomus	Müller and Schlegel 1844	SPECIES			leucomus		Prosciurillus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	In Temminck, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Nederland. Overz. Bezitt., Zool., Mammalia p.87 [1844]		hirsutus  (Hayman, 1946); sarasinorum (Meyer, 1898); occidentalis (Meyer, 1898); tonkeanus (Meyer, 1896); elbertae (Schwarz, 1911); mowewensis (Roux, 1910); topapuensis (Roux, 1910).	Sulawesi; and neighboring islands, Buton and E Kabaena.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Formerly included in Callosciurus; see Moore (1958).	Whitish Dwarf Squirrel
12400623	Prosciurillus leucomus subsp. leucomus	Müller and Schlegel 1844	SUBSPECIES		leucomus	leucomus		Prosciurillus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	In Temminck, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Nederland. Overz. Bezitt., Zool., Mammalia p.87 [1844]						
12400624	Prosciurillus leucomus subsp. hirsutus	Hayman 1946	SUBSPECIES		hirsutus	leucomus		Prosciurillus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400625	Prosciurillus leucomus subsp. occidentalis	Meyer 1898	SUBSPECIES		occidentalis	leucomus		Prosciurillus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400627	Prosciurillus murinus	Müller and Schlegel 1844	SPECIES			murinus		Prosciurillus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	In Temminck, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Nederland. Overz. Bezitt., Zool., Mammalia p.87 [1844]		evidens  (Miller and Hollister, 1921); griseus (Sody, 1949); necopinus (Miller and Hollister, 1921).	NE and C Sulawesi.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	For authority and date, see comments under Rubrisciurus rubriventer.	Celebes Dwarf Squirrel
12400628	Prosciurillus murinus subsp. murinus	Müller and Schlegel 1844	SUBSPECIES		murinus	murinus		Prosciurillus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	In Temminck, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Nederland. Overz. Bezitt., Zool., Mammalia p.87 [1844]					For authority and date, see comments under Rubrisciurus rubriventer.	
12400630	Prosciurillus murinus subsp. necopinus	Miller and Hollister 1921	SUBSPECIES		necopinus	murinus		Prosciurillus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400631	Prosciurillus rosenbergii	Jentink 1879	SPECIES			rosenbergii		Prosciurillus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Notes Leyden Mus. vol.1 p.37		tingahi  (Meyer, 1896)	Sanghir Island		Full species status accorded by Feiler (1990) and follwed by Flannery (1995b).	Sanghir Squirrel
12400632	Prosciurillus weberi	Jentink 1890	SPECIES			weberi		Prosciurillus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Weber's Zool. Ergebn. vol.1 p.115			C Sulawesi (Indonesia).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Elevated to specific status by Corbet and Hill (1992).	Weber's Dwarf Squirrel
12400633	Rhinosciurus	Blyth 1856	GENUS					Rhinosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.14 p.477	Sciurus laticaudatus Müller, 1840. Rhinosciurus tupaioides Blyth (=Sciurus laticaudatus Müller, 1840).				Tribe Callosciurini according to Moore (1959:173).	
12400634	Rhinosciurus laticaudatus	Müller 1840	SPECIES			laticaudatus		Rhinosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	In Temminck, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Nederland. Overz. Bezitt., Zool., Zoogd. Indisch. Archipel. p.34 [1840], see comments		tupaioides  Gray, 1843 [nomen nudum]; tupaioides Blyth, 1856; alacris (Thomas, 1908); leo Thomas and Wroughton, 1909; peracer Thomas and Wroughton, 1909; robinsoni Thomas, 1908; saturatus Robinson and Kloss, 1919. <u>Not allocated to subspecies</u>: incultus Lyon, 1916; rhionis Thomas and Wroughton, 1909.	Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, and small adjacent islands.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	This species was further described by Müller and Schlegel, in Temminck, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Nederland. Overz. Bezitt., Zool., Mammalia, pp. 87, 100 [1844], pl. 15 [1841] (from which this species is often cited).	Shrew-faced Squirrel
12400635	Rhinosciurus laticaudatus subsp. laticaudatus	Müller 1840	SUBSPECIES		laticaudatus	laticaudatus		Rhinosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	In Temminck, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Nederland. Overz. Bezitt., Zool., Zoogd. Indisch. Archipel. p.34 [1840], see comments					This taxa was further described by Müller and Schlegel, in Temminck, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Nederland. Overz. Bezitt., Zool., Mammalia, pp. 87, 100 [1844], pl. 15 [1841] (from which it is often cited).	
12400636	Rhinosciurus laticaudatus subsp. alacris	Thomas 1908	SUBSPECIES		alacris	laticaudatus		Rhinosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400637	Rhinosciurus laticaudatus subsp. saturatus	Robinson and Kloss 1919	SUBSPECIES		saturatus	laticaudatus		Rhinosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400638	Rubrisciurus	Ellerman 1954	GENUS					Rubrisciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	In Laurie and Hill, Land Mammals of New Guinea, Celebes, and Adjacent Islands p.94	Sciurus rubriventer Müller and Schlegel, 1844.				Tribe Callosciurini according to Moore (1959:174). Sometimes considered a subgenus of Callosciurus; see Laurie and Hill (1954:93) and Corbet and Hill (1992); but see also Moore (1959) and McLaughlin (1984:273), who considered it a distinct genus.	
12400639	Rubrisciurus rubriventer	Müller and Schlegel 1844	SPECIES			rubriventer		Rubrisciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	In Temminck, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Nederland. Overz. Bezitt., Zool., Mammalia p.86 [1844]			N, C, and SE Sulawesi.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Ellerman (1940:375) dated the species description as 1839, and ascribed it to Forsten, who was listed by Müller and Schlegel as the author, but Forsten was the collector, not the author.	Sulawesi Giant Squirrel
12400640	Sundasciurus	Moore 1958	GENUS					Sundasciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.1914 p.2	Sciurus lowii Thomas, 1892.	Aletesciurus  Moore, 1958.			Tribe Callosciurini according to Moore (1959:173). Reviewed in part by Heaney (1979). Includes Aletesciurus and Sundasciurus as subgenera (Moore, 1958:3). Ellerman (1940) placed Sundasciurus in Callosciurus, and Chasen (1940), in Sciurus. Corbet and Hill (1992) recognized seven species.	
12400641	Sundasciurus	Moore 1958	SUBGENUS				Sundasciurus	Sundasciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.1914 p.2	Sciurus lowii Thomas, 1892.					
12400642	Aletesciurus	Moore 1958	SUBGENUS				Aletesciurus	Sundasciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400643	Sundasciurus brookei	Thomas 1892	SPECIES			brookei	Sundasciurus	Sundasciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.9 p.253			Mountains of Borneo, from 600 to 1500 m.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Sundasciurus. Status discussed by Corbet and Hill (1992).	Brookes Squirrel
12400662	Sundasciurus lowii subsp. seimundi	Thomas and Wroughton 1909	SUBSPECIES		seimundi	lowii	Sundasciurus	Sundasciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400644	Sundasciurus davensis	Sanborn 1952	SPECIES			davensis	Aletesciurus	Sundasciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Fieldiana Zool. vol.33 p.117			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Aletesciurus. May be conspecific with mindanensis, philippinensis, and samarensis (Heaney et al., 1987; Corbet and Hill, 1992).	Davao Squirrel
12400645	Sundasciurus fraterculus	Thomas 1895	SPECIES			fraterculus	Sundasciurus	Sundasciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mus. Civ. Storia Nat. Genova, Ser. 2a vol.14 p.669		pumilus  (Miller, 1903); siberu (Chasen and Kloss, 1928).	Sipora Isl, Siberut Isl, and S Pagai Isl (Sumatra, Indonesia).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Sundasciurus. Formerly included in lowii (Chasen, 1940:144); but see Moore (1959). Geographic variation reviewed by Jenkins and Hill (1982). Part of the rodent fauna endemic to the Mentawai Archipelago (see comments under Leopoldamys siporanus).	Fraternal Squirrel
12400684	Tamiops maritimus subsp. maritimus	Bonhote 1900	SUBSPECIES		maritimus	maritimus		Tamiops	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.5 p.51						
12400646	Sundasciurus hippurus	I. Geoffroy 1831	SPECIES			hippurus	Aletesciurus	Sundasciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	In Bélanger (ed.), Voy. Indes Orient., Mamm. vol.3(Zoologie) p.149		rufogaster  (Gray, 1842); borneensis (Gray, 1867); grayi (Bonhote, 1901); hippurellus (Lyon, 1907); pryeri (Thomas, 1892); inquinatus (Thomas, 1908); hippurosus (Lyon, 1907); ornatus Dao and Cao, 1990.	S Vietnam, S to Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Aletesciurus. Corbet and Hill (1992: 297) recognized four subspecies on Borneo, including hippurellus and inquinatus.	Horse-tailed Squirrel
12400647	Sundasciurus hippurus subsp. hippurus	I. Geoffroy 1831	SUBSPECIES		hippurus	hippurus	Aletesciurus	Sundasciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	In Bélanger (ed.), Voy. Indes Orient., Mamm. vol.3(Zoologie) p.149						
12400648	Sundasciurus hippurus subsp. borneensis	Gray 1867	SUBSPECIES		borneensis	hippurus	Aletesciurus	Sundasciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400649	Sundasciurus hippurus subsp. pryeri	Thomas 1892	SUBSPECIES		pryeri	hippurus	Aletesciurus	Sundasciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400650	Sundasciurus hippurus subsp. hippurosus	Lyon 1907	SUBSPECIES		hippurosus	hippurus	Aletesciurus	Sundasciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400651	Sundasciurus hippurus subsp. ornatus	Dao and Cao 1990	SUBSPECIES		ornatus	hippurus	Aletesciurus	Sundasciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400652	Sundasciurus hoogstraali	Sanborn 1952	SPECIES			hoogstraali	Aletesciurus	Sundasciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Fieldiana Zool. vol.33 p.115			Busuanga Isl (Philippines).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Aletesciurus. Member of the steerii group; see comment under steerii. Placed in moellendorffi by Corbet and Hill (1991:140), without comment.	Busuanga Squirrel
12400653	Sundasciurus jentinki	Thomas 1887	SPECIES			jentinki	Sundasciurus	Sundasciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5 vol.20 p.128		subsignanus  (Chasen, 1937).	Mountains of N Borneo.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Subgenus Sundasciurus. Chromosomes described by Harada and Kobayashi (1980).	Jentincks Squirrel
12400654	Sundasciurus juvencus	Thomas 1908	SPECIES			juvencus	Aletesciurus	Sundasciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.2 p.498			N Palawan Isl.	IUCN  Endangered.	Subgenus Aletesciurus. Member of the steerii group; see comment under steerii.	Northern Palawan Tree Squirrel
12400655	Sundasciurus lowii	Thomas 1892	SPECIES			lowii	Sundasciurus	Sundasciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.2 p.253		balae  (Miller, 1903); piniensis (Miller, 1903); bangueyae (Thomas, 1910); humilis (Miller, 1913); vanakeni (Robinson and Kloss, 1916); natunensis (Thomas, 1895); lingungensis (Miller, 1901); robinsoni (Bonhote, 1903); alacris (Thomas, 1908); seimundi (Thomas and Wroughton, 1909).	Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, and adjacent small islands.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Sundasciurus. Formerly included fraterculus and pumilus (Chasen, 1940:144).	Lows squirrel
12400656	Sundasciurus lowii subsp. lowii	Thomas 1892	SUBSPECIES		lowii	lowii	Sundasciurus	Sundasciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.2 p.253						
12400657	Sundasciurus lowii subsp. balae	Miller 1903	SUBSPECIES		balae	lowii	Sundasciurus	Sundasciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400658	Sundasciurus lowii subsp. bangueyae	Thomas 1910	SUBSPECIES		bangueyae	lowii	Sundasciurus	Sundasciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400659	Sundasciurus lowii subsp. humilis	Miller 1913	SUBSPECIES		humilis	lowii	Sundasciurus	Sundasciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400660	Sundasciurus lowii subsp. natunensis	Thomas 1895	SUBSPECIES		natunensis	lowii	Sundasciurus	Sundasciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400661	Sundasciurus lowii subsp. robinsoni	Bonhote 1903	SUBSPECIES		robinsoni	lowii	Sundasciurus	Sundasciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400663	Sundasciurus mindanensis	Steere 1890	SPECIES			mindanensis	Aletesciurus	Sundasciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	List of the Birds and Mammals collected by the Steere Expedition to the Philippines. Ann Arbor, Mich. p.29			Mindanao and adjacent small islands (Philippines).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Aletesciurus. May be conspecific with davensis, philippinensis, and samarensis (Heaney et al., 1987; Corbet and Hill, 1992).	Mindanao Squirrel
12400664	Sundasciurus moellendorffi	Matschie 1898	SPECIES			moellendorffi	Aletesciurus	Sundasciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Sitzb. Gesell. Naturf. Fr., Berlin vol.5 p.41		albicauda  (Matschie, 1898).	Calamian Isls other than Busuanga.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Aletesciurus. The form albicauda was listed as a distinct species by Corbet and Hill (1980:132) without comment, but included in mollendorffi by Corbet and Hill (1986:149), as was hoogstraali (in Corbet and Hill, 1991:140) without comment. Spelling of name changed in accordance with Art. 32.5.2.1 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1999).	Culion Tree Squirrel
12400665	Sundasciurus philippinensis	Waterhouse 1839	SPECIES			philippinensis	Aletesciurus	Sundasciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1839 p.117			S and W Mindanao, and Basilan (Philippines).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Aletesciurus. May be conspecific with davensis, mindanensis, and samarensis (Heaney et al., 1987; Corbet and Hill, 1992).	Philippine Tree Squirrel
12400666	Sundasciurus rabori	Heaney 1979	SPECIES			rabori	Aletesciurus	Sundasciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.92 p.281		cagsi  (Meyer, 1890).	Above 800 m in mountains on Palawan (Philippines).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Subgenus Aletesciurus (see Heaney, 1979).	Palawan Montane Squirrel
12400667	Sundasciurus samarensis	Steere 1890	SPECIES			samarensis	Aletesciurus	Sundasciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	List of the Birds and Mammals Collected by the Steere Expedition to the Philippines. Ann Arbor, Mich. p.30			Samar and Leyte Isls (Philippines).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Subgenus Aletesciurus. May be conspecific with davensis, mindanensis, and philippinensis (Corbet and Hill, 1992; Heaney et al., 1987).	Samar Squirrel
12400668	Sundasciurus steerii	Günther 1876 "1877"	SPECIES			steerii	Aletesciurus	Sundasciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1876 p.735			Balabac and S Palawan Isls in lowlands (Philippines).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Aletesciurus. Member of the steerii group, which contains 1-3 species; see Heaney (1979).	Southern Palawan Tree Squirrel
12400724	Xerus rutilus subsp. rufifrons	Dollman 1911	SUBSPECIES		rufifrons	rutilus	Xerus	Xerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400725	Xerus rutilus subsp. saturatus	Neumann 1900	SUBSPECIES		saturatus	rutilus	Xerus	Xerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400726	Xerus rutilus subsp. stephanicus	Thomas 1906	SUBSPECIES		stephanicus	rutilus	Xerus	Xerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400669	Sundasciurus tenuis	Horsfield 1824	SPECIES			tenuis	Sundasciurus	Sundasciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Zool. Res. Java vol.1824 p.153		gunong  (Robinson and Kloss, 1914); sordidus (Kloss, 1911); surdus (Miller, 1900); tahan (Bonhote, 1908); bancarus (Miller, 1903); modestus (Müller, 1840); altitudinus (Robinson and Kloss, 1916); parvus (Miller, 1901); procerus (Miller, 1901). <u>Not allocated to subspecies</u>: batus (Lyon, 1916); mansalaris (Miller, 1903); sianticus (Chasen and Kloss, 1928); tiomanicus (Robinson, 1917).	Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo and adjacent small islands.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Sundasciurus. The name pumilus (see synonym in fraterculus) was previously assigned to tenuis (Robinson and Kloss, 1918a:229); but see Chasen (1940:144).	Slender Squirrel
12400670	Sundasciurus tenuis subsp. tenuis	Horsfield 1824	SUBSPECIES		tenuis	tenuis	Sundasciurus	Sundasciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Zool. Res. Java vol.1824 p.153						
12400671	Sundasciurus tenuis subsp. bancarus	Miller 1903	SUBSPECIES		bancarus	tenuis	Sundasciurus	Sundasciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400672	Sundasciurus tenuis subsp. modestus	Müller 1840	SUBSPECIES		modestus	tenuis	Sundasciurus	Sundasciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400673	Sundasciurus tenuis subsp. parvus	Miller 1901	SUBSPECIES		parvus	tenuis	Sundasciurus	Sundasciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400674	Sundasciurus tenuis subsp. procerus	Miller 1901	SUBSPECIES		procerus	tenuis	Sundasciurus	Sundasciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400675	Tamiops	J. A. Allen 1906	GENUS					Tamiops	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.22 p.475	Tamiops macclellandi hainanus J. A. Allen, 1906 (= T. maritimus hainanus).				Tribe Callosciurini according to Moore (1959:173). Revised by Moore and Tate (1965).	
12400676	Tamiops mcclellandii	Horsfield 1839 "1840"	SPECIES			mcclellandii		Tamiops	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1839 p.152		manipurensis  (Bonhote, 1900); pembertoni (Blyth, 1842); barbei (Blyth, 1847); collinus Moore, 1958; inconstans Thomas, 1920; kongensis (Bonhote, 1901); leucotis (Temminck, 1853); novemlineatus Miller, 1903.	E Nepal through Assam and Mizoram (India); N and C Burma, and Yunnan (China), and south through Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia to the S Malay Peninsula.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Himalayan Striped Squirrel
12400677	Tamiops mcclellandii subsp. mcclellandii	Horsfield 1839 "1840"	SUBSPECIES		mcclellandii	mcclellandii		Tamiops	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1839 p.152						
12400678	Tamiops mcclellandii subsp. barbei	Blyth 1847	SUBSPECIES		barbei	mcclellandii		Tamiops	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400681	Tamiops mcclellandii subsp. kongensis	Bonhote 1901	SUBSPECIES		kongensis	mcclellandii		Tamiops	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400682	Tamiops mcclellandii subsp. leucotis	Temminck 1853	SUBSPECIES		leucotis	mcclellandii		Tamiops	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400683	Tamiops maritimus	Bonhote 1900	SPECIES			maritimus		Tamiops	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.5 p.51		formosanus  (Bonhote, 1900); sauteri J. A. Allen, 1911; hainanus J. A. Allen, 1906; laotum Robinson and Kloss, 1922; riudoni J. A. Allen, 1906; moi Robinson and Kloss, 1922; monticolus (Bonhote, 1900).	Hubei, Anhui and Zhejiang, south through Guangxi and Guangdong (China), to S Vietnam and Laos; Hainan and Taiwan (China).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Maritime Striped Squirrel
12400685	Tamiops maritimus subsp. hainanus	J. A. Allen 1906	SUBSPECIES		hainanus	maritimus		Tamiops	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400686	Tamiops maritimus subsp. moi	Robinson and Kloss 1922	SUBSPECIES		moi	maritimus		Tamiops	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400687	Tamiops maritimus subsp. monticolus	Bonhote 1900	SUBSPECIES		monticolus	maritimus		Tamiops	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400688	Tamiops rodolphii	Milne-Edwards 1867	SPECIES			rodolphii		Tamiops	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Rev. Mag. Zool. Paris, ser. 2 vol.19 p.227		dolphoides  Kloss, 1921; holti (Ellerman, 1940) [to replace lylei, preoccupied]; liantis Kloss, 1919; lylei Thomas, 1920; elbeli Moore, 1958.	E Thailand, Cambodia, S Laos, S Vietnam.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Cambodian Striped Squirrel
12400689	Tamiops rodolphii subsp. rodolphii	Milne-Edwards 1867	SUBSPECIES		rodolphii	rodolphii		Tamiops	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Rev. Mag. Zool. Paris, ser. 2 vol.19 p.227						
12400690	Tamiops rodolphii subsp. elbeli	Moore 1958	SUBSPECIES		elbeli	rodolphii		Tamiops	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400727	Protoxerini	Moore 1959	TRIBE						Sciuridae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.118 p.168						
12400728	Epixerus	Thomas 1909	GENUS					Epixerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.3 p.472	Sciurus wilsoni Du Chaillu, 1860 (=Sciurus ebii Temminck, 1853).				Tribe Protoxerini (Moore, 1959).	
12400793	Heliosciurus punctatus subsp. savannius	Thomas 1923	SUBSPECIES		savannius	punctatus		Heliosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400691	Tamiops swinhoei	Milne-Edwards 1874	SPECIES			swinhoei		Tamiops	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Rech. Hist. Nat. Mammifères vol.1 p.308		clarkei  Thomas, 1920; forresti Thomas, 1920; olivaceus Osgood, 1932; spencei Thomas, 1921; chingpingensis Lu and Qyan, 1965; russeolus Jacobi, 1923; vestitus Miller, 1915.	Extreme SW Gansu south through Tibet, Sichuan and Yunnan (China) to N Burma and N Vietnam; isolated population in Hebei (China).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	The form forresti was originally named as a subspecies of T. maritimus, but assigned to swinhoei by Moore and Tate (1965:248).	Swinhoe's Striped Squirrel
12400692	Tamiops swinhoei subsp. swinhoei	Milne-Edwards 1874	SUBSPECIES		swinhoei	swinhoei		Tamiops	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Rech. Hist. Nat. Mammifères vol.1 p.308						
12400693	Tamiops swinhoei subsp. olivaceus	Osgood 1932	SUBSPECIES		olivaceus	swinhoei		Tamiops	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400694	Tamiops swinhoei subsp. spencei	Thomas 1921	SUBSPECIES		spencei	swinhoei		Tamiops	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400695	Tamiops swinhoei subsp. vestitus	Miller 1915	SUBSPECIES		vestitus	swinhoei		Tamiops	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400696	Xerinae	Osborn 1910	SUBFAMILY						Sciuridae	Rodentia	The Age of Mammals p.535						
12400697	Xerini	Osborn 1910	TRIBE						Sciuridae	Rodentia	The Age of Mammals p.535						
12400698	Atlantoxerus	Forsyth Major 1893	GENUS					Atlantoxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1893 p.189	Sciurus getulus Linnaeus, 1758.				Placed in Subfamily Xerinae by Gromov et al. (1965:70), but in tribe Xerini by Moore (1959). Atlantoxerus was originally a subgenus of Xerus, and later raised to full generic rank by Thomas (1909a). Closely related to Xerus (Corbet, 1978c:79).	
12400699	Atlantoxerus getulus	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			getulus		Atlantoxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.64		praetextus  Wagner, 1842; trivittatus (Gray, 1842); see Corbet (1978c:79).	Grand and Middle Atlas south to Agadir and N edge of Sahara (Morocco), NW Algeria.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	For synonyms see Corbet (1978c:79).	Barbary Ground Squirrel
12400700	Spermophilopsis	Blasius 1884	GENUS					Spermophilopsis	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Tageblatt. Versamml. Deutsch. Naturf. Magdeburg vol.57 p.325	Arctomys leptodactylus Lichtenstein, 1823.				Placed in Subfamily Xerinae by Gromov et al. (1965:70), but in tribe Xerini by Moore (1959).	
12400701	Spermophilopsis leptodactylus	Lichtenstein 1823	SPECIES			leptodactylus		Spermophilopsis	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Naturh. Abh. Eversmann's Reise p.119		schumakovi  (Satunin, 1908); turcomanus (Eichwald, 1834); bactrianus (Scully, 1888); heptopotamicus Heptner and Ismagilov, 1952.	SE Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, W Tajikistan, NE Iran, NW Afghanistan.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Related to African xerine squirrels (Atlantoxerus and Xerus) (Nadler and Hoffmann, 1974; Nadler et al., 1969).	Long-clawed Ground Squirrel
12800193	Thomomys bottae subsp. cinereus	Hall 1932	SUBSPECIES		cinereus	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12400702	Spermophilopsis leptodactylus subsp. leptodactylus	Lichtenstein 1823	SUBSPECIES		leptodactylus	leptodactylus		Spermophilopsis	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Naturh. Abh. Eversmann's Reise p.119						
12400703	Spermophilopsis leptodactylus subsp. bactrianus	Scully 1888	SUBSPECIES		bactrianus	leptodactylus		Spermophilopsis	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400704	Spermophilopsis leptodactylus subsp. heptopotamicus	Heptner and Ismagilov 1952	SUBSPECIES		heptopotamicus	leptodactylus		Spermophilopsis	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400705	Xerus	Hemprich and Ehrenberg 1833	GENUS					Xerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Symb. Phys. Mamm. vol.1 p.sig. Ee, pl. 9	Sciurus (Xerus) brachyotus Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1832 (= Sciurus rutilus Cretzchmar, 1828).	Euxerus  Thomas, 1909; Geosciurus Smith, 1834.			Tribe Xerini according to Simpson (1945:79). Includes Euxerus, Geosciurus, and Xerus as subgenera (Amtmann, 1975; Ellerman, 1940; Moore, 1959).	
12400706	Xerus	Hemprich and Ehrenberg 1833	SUBGENUS				Xerus	Xerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Symb. Phys. Mamm. vol.1 p.sig. Ee, pl. 9	Sciurus (Xerus) brachyotus Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1832 (= Sciurus rutilus Cretzchmar, 1828).					
12400707	Euxerus	Thomas 1909	SUBGENUS				Euxerus	Xerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400708	Geosciurus	Smith 1834	SUBGENUS				Geosciurus	Xerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400749	Funisciurus lemniscatus	Le Conte 1857	SPECIES			lemniscatus		Funisciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia p.11		sharpei  (Gray, 1873); mayumbicus Kershaw, 1923.	S of Sanaga River (Cameroon), Central African Republic, Dem. Rep. Congo.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Ribboned Rope Squirrel
12400813	Heliosciurus rufobrachium subsp. occidentalis	Monard 1941	SUBSPECIES		occidentalis	rufobrachium		Heliosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400709	Xerus erythropus	E. Geoffroy 1803	SPECIES			erythropus	Euxerus	Xerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	In Cat. Mamm. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris p.178		agadius  (Thomas and Hinton, 1921); albovittatus (Desmarest, 1817); lessonii (Fitzinger, 1867) [new name for marabutus Lesson]; maestus (Thomas, 1910); marabutus (Lesson, 1838) [preoccupied]; prestigiator (Lesson, 1838); chadensis (Thomas, 1905); lacustris (Thomas, 1905); leucoumbrinus (Rüppell, 1835); limitaneus (Thomas and Hinton, 1923); microdon Thomas, 1905; fulvior (Thomas, 1905).	SE Morocco, S Mauritania, Senegal, Gambia, Guinea Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Côte dIvoire, S Mali, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Togo, Benin, SE Niger, NE Nigeria, Cameroon, NE Republic of Congo, SE Chad, NE Central African Republic, Sudan, Dem. Rep. Congo, NW Uganda, Rwanda, W Ethiopia, W Kenya, N Tanzania.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Placed in Euxerus which is considered a subgenus of Xerus by Ellerman (1940), Moore (1959), and Amtmann (1975). The spelling erythopus was used by E. Geoffroy, 1803; Shinz, 1845, used the spelling erythropus. Opinion 945 of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1971b) ruled that erythopus Geoffroy, 1803 be changed to erythropus as an incorrect original spelling; the proper latin root is "erythro", and in the last 100 years nearly all authors have used the spelling erythropus. In the interest of orthographic stability we advocate that the specific name be spelled erythropus. It is not desirable to perpetuate the lapsus in spelling by early workers.	Striped Ground Squirrel
12400710	Xerus erythropus subsp. erythropus	E. Geoffroy 1803	SUBSPECIES		erythropus	erythropus	Euxerus	Xerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	In Cat. Mamm. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris p.178						
12400711	Xerus erythropus subsp. chadensis	Thomas 1905	SUBSPECIES		chadensis	erythropus	Euxerus	Xerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400712	Xerus erythropus subsp. lacustris	Thomas 1905	SUBSPECIES		lacustris	erythropus	Euxerus	Xerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400713	Xerus erythropus subsp. leucoumbrinus	Rüppell 1835	SUBSPECIES		leucoumbrinus	erythropus	Euxerus	Xerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400714	Xerus erythropus subsp. limitaneus	Thomas and Hinton 1923	SUBSPECIES		limitaneus	erythropus	Euxerus	Xerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400715	Xerus erythropus subsp. microdon	Thomas 1905	SUBSPECIES		microdon	erythropus	Euxerus	Xerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400716	Xerus inauris	Zimmermann 1780	SPECIES			inauris	Geosciurus	Xerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Geogr. Gesch. Mensch. Vierf. Thiere vol.2 p.344		africanus  (Shaw, 1801); capensis (Kerr, 1792); dschinshicus (Gmelin, 1788); ginginianus (Shaw, 1801); levaillantii (Kuhl, 1820); namaquensis (Lichtenstein, 1793); setosus (Smuts, 1832).	S Angola, Namibia, Botswana, W Zimbabwe, South Africa.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Geosciurus. Distinction from X. princeps supported by minor chromosomal differences reported by Robinson et al. (1986).	South African Ground Squirrel
12400717	Xerus princeps	Thomas 1929	SPECIES			princeps	Geosciurus	Xerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1929 p.106			W Namibia, S Angola, restricted to the Kaokoland escarpment of Namibia and Angola as far north as 14°10'S 16°0'E.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Geosciurus. Distinction from X. inauris supported by minor chromosomal differences reported by Robinson et al. (1986).	Damara Ground Squirrel
12400739	Funisciurus bayonii	Bocage 1890	SPECIES			bayonii		Funisciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	J. Sci. Math. Phys. Nat. Lisboa, ser. 2 vol.2 p.3			NE Angola, SW Dem. Rep. Congo.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Lunda Rope Squirrel
12400782	Heliosciurus gambianus subsp. omensis	Thomas 1904	SUBSPECIES		omensis	gambianus		Heliosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12800194	Thomomys bottae subsp. collis	Hooper 1940	SUBSPECIES		collis	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12400718	Xerus rutilus	Cretzschmar 1828	SPECIES			rutilus	Xerus	Xerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	In Rüppell, Atlas Reise Nordl. Afr., Zool. Säugeth. p.59		abessinicus  (Gmelin, 1788); brachyotis (Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1833); fuscus (Huet, 1880); dabagala Heuglin, 1861; dorsalis Dollman, 1911; intensus Thomas, 1904; massaicus Toschi, 1945; rufifrons Dollman, 1911; saturatus (Neumann, 1900); stephanicus Thomas, 1906.	SE Sudan, E and S Ethiopia, Djibouti, Somalia, Kenya, NE Uganda, NE Tanzania.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Xerus. Chromosomes described by Nadler and Hoffmann (1974). Reviewed by O'Shea (1991, Mammalian Species, 370).	Unstriped Ground Squirrel
12400719	Xerus rutilus subsp. rutilus	Cretzschmar 1828	SUBSPECIES		rutilus	rutilus	Xerus	Xerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	In Rüppell, Atlas Reise Nordl. Afr., Zool. Säugeth. p.59						
12400720	Xerus rutilus subsp. dabagala	Heuglin 1861	SUBSPECIES		dabagala	rutilus	Xerus	Xerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400721	Xerus rutilus subsp. dorsalis	Dollman 1911	SUBSPECIES		dorsalis	rutilus	Xerus	Xerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400722	Xerus rutilus subsp. intensus	Thomas 1904	SUBSPECIES		intensus	rutilus	Xerus	Xerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400729	Epixerus ebii	Temminck 1853	SPECIES			ebii		Epixerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Esquisses Zool. sur la Côte de Guine p.129		jonesi  Hayman, 1954; wilsoni (Du Chaillu, 1860); mayumbicus Verheyen, 1959.	Sierra Leone, Liberia, Côte dIvoire, Ghana.	CITES  Appendix III (Ghana); IUCN  Lower Risk (nt) as E. ebii and as E. wilsoni.	E. ebii and E. wilsoni were formerly considered distinct species by Perret and Aellen (1956), Verheyen (1959), and Rosevear (1969), but Kuhn (1964) revised the genus and concluded that they are conspecific.	Western Palm Squirrel
12400730	Epixerus ebii subsp. ebii	Temminck 1853	SUBSPECIES		ebii	ebii		Epixerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Esquisses Zool. sur la Côte de Guine p.129						
12400731	Epixerus ebii subsp. jonesi	Hayman 1954	SUBSPECIES		jonesi	ebii		Epixerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400732	Epixerus ebii subsp. wilsoni	Du Chaillu 1860	SUBSPECIES		wilsoni	ebii		Epixerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400733	Funisciurus	Trouessart 1880	GENUS					Funisciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Le Naturaliste vol.2 37 p.293	Sciurus isabella Gray, 1862.				Tribe Funambulini according to Moore (1959). Raised to full generic rank by Thomas (1897b). This treatment follows Amtmann (1975), and Kingdon (1997). Recent molecular work suggests that Funisciurus is not closely related to Funambulus (Mercer and Roth, 2003). Instead, it should be considered a member of the Tribe Protoxerini, according to Steppan et al. (2004).	
12400734	Funisciurus anerythrus	Thomas 1890	SPECIES			anerythrus		Funisciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1890 p.447		niapu  J. A. Allen, 1922; ochrogaster Cabrera and Ruxton, 1926; bandarum Thomas, 1915; mystax De Winton, 1898; raptorum Thomas, 1903.	SW Nigeria, Cameroon, Central African Republic, NE Dem. Rep. Congo, Uganda; SW Dem. Rep. Congo and N Shaba Prov. (Dem. Rep. Congo).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Thomas's Rope Squirrel
12400735	Funisciurus anerythrus subsp. anerythrus	Thomas 1890	SUBSPECIES		anerythrus	anerythrus		Funisciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1890 p.447						
12400736	Funisciurus anerythrus subsp. bandarum	Thomas 1915	SUBSPECIES		bandarum	anerythrus		Funisciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400737	Funisciurus anerythrus subsp. mystax	De Winton 1898	SUBSPECIES		mystax	anerythrus		Funisciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400738	Funisciurus anerythrus subsp. raptorum	Thomas 1903	SUBSPECIES		raptorum	anerythrus		Funisciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400780	Heliosciurus gambianus subsp. madogae	Heller 1911	SUBSPECIES		madogae	gambianus		Heliosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400740	Funisciurus carruthersi	Thomas 1906	SPECIES			carruthersi		Funisciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.18 p.140		birungensis  Gyldenstolpe, 1927; chrysippus Thomas, 1923; tanganyikae Thomas, 1909.	Ruwenzori (S Uganda), Rwanda, Burundi.	IUCN  Vulnerable.		Carruther's Mountain Squirrel
12400741	Funisciurus carruthersi subsp. carruthersi	Thomas 1906	SUBSPECIES		carruthersi	carruthersi		Funisciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.18 p.140						
12400742	Funisciurus carruthersi subsp. birungensis	Gyldenstolpe 1927	SUBSPECIES		birungensis	carruthersi		Funisciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400743	Funisciurus carruthersi subsp. chrysippus	Thomas 1923	SUBSPECIES		chrysippus	carruthersi		Funisciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400744	Funisciurus carruthersi subsp. tanganyikae	Thomas 1909	SUBSPECIES		tanganyikae	carruthersi		Funisciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400745	Funisciurus congicus	Kuhl 1820	SPECIES			congicus		Funisciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Beitr. Zool. Vergl. Anat. Abt. vol.2 p.66		damarensis  (Roberts, 1938); flavinus Thomas, 1904; interior Thomas, 1916; oenone Thomas, 1926; olivellus Thomas, 1904; poolii (Jentink, 1906); praetextus Wagner, 1843.	Dem. Rep. Congo, Angola, Namibia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Congo Rope Squirrel
12400746	Funisciurus isabella	Gray 1862	SPECIES			isabella		Funisciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1862 p.180		duchaillui  Sanborn, 1953; dubosti Eisentraut, 1969.	Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of Congo.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).		Lady Burton's Rope Squirrel
12400747	Funisciurus isabella subsp. isabella	Gray 1862	SUBSPECIES		isabella	isabella		Funisciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1862 p.180						
12400748	Funisciurus isabella subsp. dubosti	Eisentraut 1969	SUBSPECIES		dubosti	isabella		Funisciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400814	Heliosciurus rufobrachium subsp. pasha	Schwann 1904	SUBSPECIES		pasha	rufobrachium		Heliosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400750	Funisciurus lemniscatus subsp. lemniscatus	Le Conte 1857	SUBSPECIES		lemniscatus	lemniscatus		Funisciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia p.11						
12400751	Funisciurus lemniscatus subsp. mayumbicus	Kershaw 1923	SUBSPECIES		mayumbicus	lemniscatus		Funisciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400752	Funisciurus leucogenys	Waterhouse 1842	SPECIES			leucogenys		Funisciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.10 p.202		erythrogenys  (Waterhouse, 1843); auriculatus (Matschie, 1891); beatus (Thomas, 1910); boydi (Thomas, 1910); oliviae (Dollman, 1911).	Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Rio Muni, Bioko.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Waterhouse (1842[1843]) renamed this species erythrogenys, "red-cheeked" in an attempt to replace the inappropriate name leucogenys, "white-cheeked". This is an unjustified emendation.	Red-cheeked Rope Squirrel
12400753	Funisciurus leucogenys subsp. leucogenys	Waterhouse 1842	SUBSPECIES		leucogenys	leucogenys		Funisciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.10 p.202						
12400754	Funisciurus leucogenys subsp. auriculatus	Matschie 1891	SUBSPECIES		auriculatus	leucogenys		Funisciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400755	Funisciurus leucogenys subsp. oliviae	Dollman 1911	SUBSPECIES		oliviae	leucogenys		Funisciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400756	Funisciurus pyrropus	F. Cuvier 1833	SPECIES			pyrropus		Funisciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	In E. Geoffroy and F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mammifères vol.7 No. 66 "Ecureuil aux pieds roux" p.2 unno. pp and pl. [1833]; Tab 4:240 [1842]		erythrops  (Gray, 1867); rubripes (Du Chaillu, 1860); akka De Winton, 1895; emini (De Winton, 1895) [not Stuhlman, 1894]; victoriae G. M. Allen and Loveridge, 1942; wintoni Neumann, 1900; leonis Thomas, 1905; leucostigma (Temminck, 1853); mandingo Thomas, 1903; nigrensis Thomas, 1909; niveatus Thomas, 1923; pembertoni Thomas, 1904; talboti Thomas, 1909.	Gambia, S Senegal, Guinea Bissau, W Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, S Côte dIvoire, SW Ghana, W Nigeria, W Cameroon, Rio Muni (Equatorial Guinea), W Republic of Congo, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Dem. Rep. Congo, NW Angola.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Cuvier wrote, "Je donnerai à cet Écuriel le nom de Pyrropus, á cause de la couleur rousse de ses pieds." Schinz (1845) spelled the species name pyrrhopus with no mention of the previous spelling. This constitutes an unjustified emendation. Not found on Bioko, Equatorial Guinea (= "Fernandopô", see type locality), and since the animal was a pet, it probably was captured on the mainland (Thomas, 1890:447).	Fire-footed Rope Squirrel
12400781	Heliosciurus gambianus subsp. multicolor	Rüppell 1835	SUBSPECIES		multicolor	gambianus		Heliosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400757	Funisciurus pyrropus subsp. pyrropus	F. Cuvier 1833	SUBSPECIES		pyrropus	pyrropus		Funisciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	In E. Geoffroy and F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mammifères vol.7 No. 66 "Ecureuil aux pieds roux" p.2 unno. pp and pl. [1833]; Tab 4:240 [1842]						
12400758	Funisciurus pyrropus subsp. akka	De Winton 1895	SUBSPECIES		akka	pyrropus		Funisciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400759	Funisciurus pyrropus subsp. leonis	Thomas 1905	SUBSPECIES		leonis	pyrropus		Funisciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400760	Funisciurus pyrropus subsp. leucostigma	Temminck 1853	SUBSPECIES		leucostigma	pyrropus		Funisciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400761	Funisciurus pyrropus subsp. mandingo	Thomas 1903	SUBSPECIES		mandingo	pyrropus		Funisciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400762	Funisciurus pyrropus subsp. nigrensis	Thomas 1909	SUBSPECIES		nigrensis	pyrropus		Funisciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400763	Funisciurus pyrropus subsp. niveatus	Thomas 1923	SUBSPECIES		niveatus	pyrropus		Funisciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400764	Funisciurus pyrropus subsp. pembertoni	Thomas 1904	SUBSPECIES		pembertoni	pyrropus		Funisciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400765	Funisciurus pyrropus subsp. talboti	Thomas 1909	SUBSPECIES		talboti	pyrropus		Funisciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400787	Heliosciurus mutabilis subsp. beirae	Roberts 1913	SUBSPECIES		beirae	mutabilis		Heliosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400766	Funisciurus substriatus	De Winton 1899	SPECIES			substriatus		Funisciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.4 p.357			Côte dIvoire, S Ghana, Togo, Benin.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Kintampo Rope Squirrel
12400767	Heliosciurus	Trouessart 1880	GENUS					Heliosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Le Naturaliste, 2nd year vol.1 p.292	Sciurus gambianus Ogilby, 1835 as designated by Opinion 464 of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1957d) in which Sciurus annulatus Desmarest, 1822 was suppressed.				Tribe Protoxerini (Moore, 1959). Reviewed in part by Grubb (1982b).	
12400792	Heliosciurus punctatus subsp. punctatus	Temminck 1853	SUBSPECIES		punctatus	punctatus		Heliosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Esquisses Zool. sur la Côte de Guiné p.138						
12400768	Heliosciurus gambianus	Ogilby 1835	SPECIES			gambianus		Heliosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1835 p.103		albina  (Gray, 1867); annularis (Schinz, 1845); annulatus (Desmarest, 1822); simplex (Lesson, 1838); abassensis (Neumann, 1902); bongensis Heuglin, 1877; canaster Thomas and Hinton, 1923; dysoni (St. Leger, 1937); elegans Thomas, 1909; hoogstraali Setzer, 1954; kaffensis (Neumann, 1902); lateris (Thomas, 1909); limbatus Schwarz, 1915; loandicus Thomas, 1923; madogae (Heller, 1911); multicolor (Rüppell, 1835); omensis (Thomas, 1904); rhodesiae (Wroughton, 1907); senescens Thomas, 1909.	Senegal, Gambia, Guinea Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Côte dIvoire, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Chad, Central African Republic, Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya, Burundi, Tanzania, Dem. Rep. Congo, Angola, Zimbabwe, Zambia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Gambian Sun Squirrel
12400769	Heliosciurus gambianus subsp. gambianus	Ogilby 1835	SUBSPECIES		gambianus	gambianus		Heliosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1835 p.103						
12400770	Heliosciurus gambianus subsp. abassensis	Neumann 1902	SUBSPECIES		abassensis	gambianus		Heliosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400771	Heliosciurus gambianus subsp. bongensis	Heuglin 1877	SUBSPECIES		bongensis	gambianus		Heliosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400772	Heliosciurus gambianus subsp. canaster	Thomas and Hinton 1923	SUBSPECIES		canaster	gambianus		Heliosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400773	Heliosciurus gambianus subsp. dysoni	St. Leger 1937	SUBSPECIES		dysoni	gambianus		Heliosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400774	Heliosciurus gambianus subsp. elegans	Thomas 1909	SUBSPECIES		elegans	gambianus		Heliosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400775	Heliosciurus gambianus subsp. hoogstraali	Setzer 1954	SUBSPECIES		hoogstraali	gambianus		Heliosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400776	Heliosciurus gambianus subsp. kaffensis	Neumann 1902	SUBSPECIES		kaffensis	gambianus		Heliosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400777	Heliosciurus gambianus subsp. lateris	Thomas 1909	SUBSPECIES		lateris	gambianus		Heliosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400778	Heliosciurus gambianus subsp. limbatus	Schwarz 1915	SUBSPECIES		limbatus	gambianus		Heliosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400779	Heliosciurus gambianus subsp. loandicus	Thomas 1923	SUBSPECIES		loandicus	gambianus		Heliosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400783	Heliosciurus gambianus subsp. rhodesiae	Wroughton 1907	SUBSPECIES		rhodesiae	gambianus		Heliosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400784	Heliosciurus gambianus subsp. senescens	Thomas 1909	SUBSPECIES		senescens	gambianus		Heliosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400785	Heliosciurus mutabilis	Peters 1852	SPECIES			mutabilis		Heliosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Bericht Verhandl. K. Preuss Akad. Wiss., Berlin vol.17 p.273		beirae  Roberts, 1913; chirindensis Roberts, 1913; shirensis (Gray, 1867); smithersi (Lundholm, 1955); vumbae Roberts, 1937.	Malawi; S and SW highlands, Tanzania; NW of the Zambezi River near Beira (Mozambique); Chirinda Forest, Melsetter Dist., Sabi/Lundi River confluence, Vumba, Umtali (SE Zimbabwe).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	G. M. Allen (1939) considered mutabilis a distinct species. Ellerman (1940) treated it as a subspecies of H. gambianus following Ingoldby (1927). Rosevear (1963), followed by Amtmann (1975), treated it as a subspecies of H. rufobrachium. Grubb (1982b) again treated H. mutabilis as a distinct species and recognized the five subspecies above.	Mutable Sun Squirrel
12400786	Heliosciurus mutabilis subsp. mutabilis	Peters 1852	SUBSPECIES		mutabilis	mutabilis		Heliosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Bericht Verhandl. K. Preuss Akad. Wiss., Berlin vol.17 p.273						
12400788	Heliosciurus mutabilis subsp. chirindensis	Roberts 1913	SUBSPECIES		chirindensis	mutabilis		Heliosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400789	Heliosciurus mutabilis subsp. shirensis	Gray 1867	SUBSPECIES		shirensis	mutabilis		Heliosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400790	Heliosciurus mutabilis subsp. vumbae	Roberts 1937	SUBSPECIES		vumbae	mutabilis		Heliosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400791	Heliosciurus punctatus	Temminck 1853	SPECIES			punctatus		Heliosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Esquisses Zool. sur la Côte de Guiné p.138		savannius  Thomas, 1923.	E Liberia, S Côte dIvoire, S Ghana (E to Lake Volta).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Treated as a subspecies of H. gambianus by Ingoldby (1927), Ellerman (1940), Rosevear (1969), and Amtmann (1975). Considered a distinct species by G. M. Allen (1939), and Roth and Thorington (1982).	Small Sun Squirrel
13700417	Chodsigoa salenskii	Kastschenko 1907	SPECIES			salenskii		Chodsigoa	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mus. Zool. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg vol.10 p.253			Known only from the type locality in N Sichuan.	IUCN  Critically Endangered as Soriculus salenskii.	Related to C. smithii.	Salenski's Shrew
13700418	Chodsigoa smithii	Thomas 1911	SPECIES			smithii		Chodsigoa	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1911 90 p.4			C Sichuan to W Shaanxi (China).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Soriculus smithii.	Regarded as a subspecies of salenskii by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951:60), but as a separate species by Corbet (1978c:24). Formerly included parca and furva; but see Hoffmann (1985b).	Smith's Shrew
13700655	Scapanus	Pomel 1848	GENUS					Scapanus	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	Arch. Sci. Phys. Nat. Geneve vol.9 p.247	Scalops townsendii Bachman, 1839.	Xeroscapheus  Hutchison, 1968.			Revised by Jackson (1915:54-76) and Hutchison (1987).	
12100705	Kasi	Reichenbach 1862	SUBGENUS				Kasi	Trachypithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates		Cercopithecus vetulus Erxleben, 1777				See Szalay and Delson (1979:402).	
12400794	Heliosciurus rufobrachium	Waterhouse 1842	SPECIES			rufobrachium		Heliosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.10 p.202		acticola  Thomas, 1923; rufo-brachiatus (Waterhouse, 1843); arrhenii (Lönnberg, 1917); aubryi (Milne-Edwards, 1867); benga Cabrera, 1917; brauni St. Leger, 1935; caurinus Thomas, 1923; coenosus (Thomas, 1909); emissus Thomas, 1923; hardyi Thomas, 1923; isabellinus (Gray, 1867); keniae (Neumann, 1902); leakyi Toschi, 1946; leonensis Thomas, 1923; lualabae Thomas, 1923; maculatus (Temminck, 1853); aschantiensis (Neumann, 1902); libericus (Miller, 1900); waterhousii (Gray, 1867); medjianus J. A. Allen, 1922; nyansae (Neumann, 1902); obfuscatus Thomas, 1923; occidentalis (Monard, 1941); pasha (Schwann, 1904); rubricatus J. A. Allen, 1922; semlikii Thomas, 1907.	Senegal, W Gambia, W Guinea Bissau, W Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, S Côte dIvoire, S Ghana, S Togo, Benin, S Nigeria, Cameroon, Bioko and Rio Muni (Equatorial Guinea), SW Central African Republic, SE Sudan, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, SW and SE Kenya, E and NW Tanzania, Malawi, Mozambique, E Zimbabwe, Dem. Rep. Congo.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Inclusion of aubryi and emissus questioned (Amtmann, 1975; Grubb, 1978:158).	Red-legged Sun Squirrel
12400795	Heliosciurus rufobrachium subsp. rufobrachium	Waterhouse 1842	SUBSPECIES		rufobrachium	rufobrachium		Heliosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.10 p.202						
12400796	Heliosciurus rufobrachium subsp. arrhenii	Lönnberg 1917	SUBSPECIES		arrhenii	rufobrachium		Heliosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400797	Heliosciurus rufobrachium subsp. aubryi	Milne-Edwards 1867	SUBSPECIES		aubryi	rufobrachium		Heliosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400798	Heliosciurus rufobrachium subsp. benga	Cabrera 1917	SUBSPECIES		benga	rufobrachium		Heliosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400799	Heliosciurus rufobrachium subsp. brauni	St. Leger 1935	SUBSPECIES		brauni	rufobrachium		Heliosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400800	Heliosciurus rufobrachium subsp. caurinus	Thomas 1923	SUBSPECIES		caurinus	rufobrachium		Heliosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400801	Heliosciurus rufobrachium subsp. coenosus	Thomas 1909	SUBSPECIES		coenosus	rufobrachium		Heliosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400802	Heliosciurus rufobrachium subsp. emissus	Thomas 1923	SUBSPECIES		emissus	rufobrachium		Heliosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400803	Heliosciurus rufobrachium subsp. hardyi	Thomas 1923	SUBSPECIES		hardyi	rufobrachium		Heliosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400804	Heliosciurus rufobrachium subsp. isabellinus	Gray 1867	SUBSPECIES		isabellinus	rufobrachium		Heliosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400805	Heliosciurus rufobrachium subsp. keniae	Neumann 1902	SUBSPECIES		keniae	rufobrachium		Heliosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400806	Heliosciurus rufobrachium subsp. leakyi	Toschi 1946	SUBSPECIES		leakyi	rufobrachium		Heliosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400807	Heliosciurus rufobrachium subsp. leonensis	Thomas 1923	SUBSPECIES		leonensis	rufobrachium		Heliosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400808	Heliosciurus rufobrachium subsp. lualabae	Thomas 1923	SUBSPECIES		lualabae	rufobrachium		Heliosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400809	Heliosciurus rufobrachium subsp. maculatus	Temminck 1853	SUBSPECIES		maculatus	rufobrachium		Heliosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400810	Heliosciurus rufobrachium subsp. medjianus	J. A. Allen 1922	SUBSPECIES		medjianus	rufobrachium		Heliosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400811	Heliosciurus rufobrachium subsp. nyansae	Neumann 1902	SUBSPECIES		nyansae	rufobrachium		Heliosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400812	Heliosciurus rufobrachium subsp. obfuscatus	Thomas 1923	SUBSPECIES		obfuscatus	rufobrachium		Heliosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400815	Heliosciurus rufobrachium subsp. rubricatus	J. A. Allen 1922	SUBSPECIES		rubricatus	rufobrachium		Heliosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400816	Heliosciurus rufobrachium subsp. semlikii	Thomas 1907	SUBSPECIES		semlikii	rufobrachium		Heliosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400817	Heliosciurus ruwenzorii	Schwann 1904	SPECIES			ruwenzorii		Heliosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.13 p.71		ituriensis  (Prigogone, 1954); schoutedeni (Prigogine, 1954); vulcanius Thomas, 1909.	Ruwenzori Mtns in E Dem. Rep. Congo; Rwanda; Burundi; SW Uganda.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Formerly included in Aethosciurus, which is here included in Paraxerus following Moore (1959).	Ruwenzori Sun Squirrel
12400818	Heliosciurus ruwenzorii subsp. ruwenzorii	Schwann 1904	SUBSPECIES		ruwenzorii	ruwenzorii		Heliosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.13 p.71						
12400819	Heliosciurus ruwenzorii subsp. ituriensis	Prigogone 1954	SUBSPECIES		ituriensis	ruwenzorii		Heliosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400820	Heliosciurus ruwenzorii subsp. schoutedeni	Prigogine 1954	SUBSPECIES		schoutedeni	ruwenzorii		Heliosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400821	Heliosciurus ruwenzorii subsp. vulcanius	Thomas 1909	SUBSPECIES		vulcanius	ruwenzorii		Heliosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400822	Heliosciurus undulatus	True 1892	SPECIES			undulatus		Heliosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. vol.15 p.465		daucinus  Thomas, 1909; dolosus Thomas, 1909; marwitzi Müller, 1911; shindi (Heller, 1914).	SE Kenya; NE Tanzania, including Mafia and Zanzibar Isls.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Considered a subspecies of H. rufobrachium by Amtmann (1975), but treated as a separate monotypic species by Grubb (1982b).	Zanj Sun Squirrel
12400823	Myosciurus	Thomas 1909	GENUS					Myosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.3 p.474	Sciurus minutus Du Chaillu, 1860 (= Sciurus pumilio Le Conte, 1857).				Tribe Funambulini according to Moore (1959). The recent molecular study of Mercer and Roth (2003) places Myosciurius with the other African tree squirrels, to the exclusion of Funambulus.	
12400824	Myosciurus pumilio	Le Conte 1857	SPECIES			pumilio		Myosciurus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.9 p.11		minutulus  Hollister, 1921; minutus (Du Chaillu, 1860).	SE Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Bioko (Equatorial Guinea).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Reviewed by Gharaibeh and Jones (1996, Mammalian Species No. 523).	African Pygmy Squirrel
12400825	Paraxerus	Forsyth Major 1893	GENUS					Paraxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1893 p.189	Sciurus cepapi A. Smith, 1836.	Aethosciurus  Thomas, 1916; Montisciurus Eisentraut, 1976; Tamiscus Thomas, 1918.			Tribe Funambulini according to Moore (1959). Originally a subgenus of Xerus; includes Aethosciurus (with the exception of ruwenzorii, here included in Heliosciurus), Montisciurus, and Tamiscus. Recent molecular work of Mercer and Roth (2003) suggests that Paraxerus is not closely related to Funambulus, but to the rest of the African squirrels, in which case, it should be placed in the tribe Protoxerini.	
12400848	Paraxerus flavovittis subsp. mossambicus	Thomas 1919	SUBSPECIES		mossambicus	flavovittis		Paraxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400826	Paraxerus alexandri	Thomas and Wroughton 1907	SPECIES			alexandri		Paraxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.19 p.376			NE Dem. Rep. Congo, Uganda.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).		Alexander's Bush Squirrel
12400827	Paraxerus boehmi	Reichenow 1886	SPECIES			boehmi		Paraxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Zool. Anz. vol.9 p.315		antoniae  Thomas and Wroughton, 1907; emini (Stuhlman, 1894) [not De Winton, 1895]; lunaris (Thomas, 1918); tanganyikae (Thomas, 1918); ugandae (Neumann, 1902); vulcanorum (Thomas, 1918); gazellae (Thomas, 1918).	S Sudan, N and E Dem. Rep. Congo, Uganda, W Kenya, NW Tanzania, N Zambia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Boehm's Bush Squirrel
12400828	Paraxerus boehmi subsp. boehmi	Reichenow 1886	SUBSPECIES		boehmi	boehmi		Paraxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Zool. Anz. vol.9 p.315						
12400829	Paraxerus boehmi subsp. antoniae	Thomas and Wroughton 1907	SUBSPECIES		antoniae	boehmi		Paraxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400830	Paraxerus boehmi subsp. emini	Stuhlman 1894	SUBSPECIES		emini	boehmi		Paraxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia						[not De Winton, 1895]	
12400831	Paraxerus boehmi subsp. gazellae	Thomas 1918	SUBSPECIES		gazellae	boehmi		Paraxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400855	Paraxerus ochraceus subsp. electus	Thomas 1909	SUBSPECIES		electus	ochraceus		Paraxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400856	Paraxerus ochraceus subsp. ganana	Rhoads 1896	SUBSPECIES		ganana	ochraceus		Paraxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400857	Paraxerus ochraceus subsp. jacksoni	De Winton 1897	SUBSPECIES		jacksoni	ochraceus		Paraxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400832	Paraxerus cepapi	A. Smith 1836	SPECIES			cepapi		Paraxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Rept. Exped. Exploring Central Africa p.43		cepate  [lapsus for cepapi; Gray, 1843]; bororensis Roberts, 1946; carpi Lundholm, 1955; cepapoides Roberts, 1946; chobiensis Roberts, 1932; kalaharicus Roberts, 1932; maunensis Roberts, 1932; phalaena Thomas, 1926; quotus Wroughton, 1909; sindi Thomas and Wroughton, 1908; soccatus Wroughton, 1909; yulei (Thomas, 1902).	S Angola, Zambia, SE Dem. Rep. Congo, Malawi, SW Tanzania, Mozambique, N Namibia, N Botswana, Zimbabwe, NE South Africa.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Smith's Bush Squirrel
12400833	Paraxerus cepapi subsp. cepapi	A. Smith 1836	SUBSPECIES		cepapi	cepapi		Paraxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Rept. Exped. Exploring Central Africa p.43						
12400834	Paraxerus cepapi subsp. bororensis	Roberts 1946	SUBSPECIES		bororensis	cepapi		Paraxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400835	Paraxerus cepapi subsp. carpi	Lundholm 1955	SUBSPECIES		carpi	cepapi		Paraxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400836	Paraxerus cepapi subsp. cepapoides	Roberts 1946	SUBSPECIES		cepapoides	cepapi		Paraxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400837	Paraxerus cepapi subsp. chobiensis	Roberts 1932	SUBSPECIES		chobiensis	cepapi		Paraxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400838	Paraxerus cepapi subsp. phalaena	Thomas 1926	SUBSPECIES		phalaena	cepapi		Paraxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400839	Paraxerus cepapi subsp. quotus	Wroughton 1909	SUBSPECIES		quotus	cepapi		Paraxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400840	Paraxerus cepapi subsp. sindi	Thomas and Wroughton 1908	SUBSPECIES		sindi	cepapi		Paraxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400841	Paraxerus cepapi subsp. soccatus	Wroughton 1909	SUBSPECIES		soccatus	cepapi		Paraxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400842	Paraxerus cepapi subsp. yulei	Thomas 1902	SUBSPECIES		yulei	cepapi		Paraxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400843	Paraxerus cooperi	Hayman 1950	SPECIES			cooperi		Paraxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 12 vol.3 p.262			Cameroon.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Eisentraut (1976) put cooperi in a separate genus, Montisciurus.	Cooper's Mountain Squirrel
12400844	Paraxerus flavovittis	Peters 1852	SPECIES			flavovittis		Paraxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Bericht Verhandl. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.17 p.274		exgeanus  (Hinton, 1920); ibeanus (Hinton, 1920); mossambicus (Thomas, 1919).	S Kenya, Tanzania, N Mozambique.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Commonly spelled flavivittis but this was an unjustified emendation by Peters (1852).	Striped Bush Squirrel
12400845	Paraxerus flavovittis subsp. flavovittis	Peters 1852	SUBSPECIES		flavovittis	flavovittis		Paraxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Bericht Verhandl. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.17 p.274						
12400846	Paraxerus flavovittis subsp. exgeanus	Hinton 1920	SUBSPECIES		exgeanus	flavovittis		Paraxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400847	Paraxerus flavovittis subsp. ibeanus	Hinton 1920	SUBSPECIES		ibeanus	flavovittis		Paraxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400849	Paraxerus lucifer	Thomas 1897	SPECIES			lucifer		Paraxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1897 p.430			N Malawi, SW Tanzania, E Zambia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Black and Red Bush Squirrel
12400850	Paraxerus ochraceus	Huet 1880	SPECIES			ochraceus		Paraxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, ser. 2 vol.3 p.154		salutans  Thomas, 1909; affinis (Trouessart, 1897); percivali Dollman, 1911; animosus Dollman, 1911; aruscensis (Pagenstecher, 1885); augustus Dollman, 1911; pauli Matschie, 1894; electus Thomas, 1909; ganana (Rhoads, 1896); jacksoni (De Winton, 1897); capitis (Thomas, 1909); kahari Heller, 1911.	S Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Ochre Bush Squirrel
12400851	Paraxerus ochraceus subsp. ochraceus	Huet 1880	SUBSPECIES		ochraceus	ochraceus		Paraxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, ser. 2 vol.3 p.154						
12400852	Paraxerus ochraceus subsp. affinis	Trouessart 1897	SUBSPECIES		affinis	ochraceus		Paraxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400853	Paraxerus ochraceus subsp. animosus	Dollman 1911	SUBSPECIES		animosus	ochraceus		Paraxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400854	Paraxerus ochraceus subsp. aruscensis	Pagenstecher 1885	SUBSPECIES		aruscensis	ochraceus		Paraxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12800351	Thomomys talpoides subsp. ocius	Merriam 1901	SUBSPECIES		ocius	talpoides	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12400858	Paraxerus ochraceus subsp. kahari	Heller 1911	SUBSPECIES		kahari	ochraceus		Paraxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
13700419	Chodsigoa sodalis	Thomas 1913	SPECIES			sodalis		Chodsigoa	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. ?? [check] vol.11 p.217			Mountains of C Taiwan.		Formerly included as a synonym in Episoriculus fumidus (Hoffmann, 1984), but Yu (1994) and Motokawa et al. (1997b, 1998) re-definied C. sodalis and described its characteristical karyotype (2n = 44, FN = 88). Kuroda (1935) already correctly distinguished between Chodsigoa sodalis and Episoriculus fumidus.	Lesser Taiwanese Shrew
12400859	Paraxerus palliatus	Peters 1852	SPECIES			palliatus		Paraxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Bericht Verhandl. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss., Berlin vol.17 p.273		suahelicus  (Neumann, 1902); bridgemani Dollman, 1914; auriventris Roberts, 1926; tongensis Roberts, 1931; frerei (Gray, 1873); lastii Thomas, 1906; ornatus (Gray, 1864); sponsus Thomas and Wroughton, 1907; swynnertoni Wroughton, 1908; tanae (Neumann, 1902); barawensis (Neumann, 1902).	S Somalia, E Kenya, E Tanzania, Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Kingdon (1974b) recognized three subspecies in the northern part of the range, Viljoen (1989) recognized four in the southern part.	Red Bush Squirrel
12400860	Paraxerus palliatus subsp. palliatus	Peters 1852	SUBSPECIES		palliatus	palliatus		Paraxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Bericht Verhandl. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss., Berlin vol.17 p.273						
12400861	Paraxerus palliatus subsp. bridgemani	Dollman 1914	SUBSPECIES		bridgemani	palliatus		Paraxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400862	Paraxerus palliatus subsp. frerei	Gray 1873	SUBSPECIES		frerei	palliatus		Paraxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400863	Paraxerus palliatus subsp. ornatus	Gray 1864	SUBSPECIES		ornatus	palliatus		Paraxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400864	Paraxerus palliatus subsp. sponsus	Thomas and Wroughton 1907	SUBSPECIES		sponsus	palliatus		Paraxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400865	Paraxerus palliatus subsp. swynnertoni	Wroughton 1908	SUBSPECIES		swynnertoni	palliatus		Paraxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400866	Paraxerus palliatus subsp. tanae	Neumann 1902	SUBSPECIES		tanae	palliatus		Paraxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400867	Paraxerus poensis	A. Smith 1830	SPECIES			poensis		Paraxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	S. Afr. Quart. J. vol.2 p.128		affinis  (Rhoads, 1896); musculinus (Temminck, 1853); olivaceus (Milne-Edwards, 1867); subviridescens (Le Conte, 1857).	Sierra Leone, SE Guinea, Liberia, Côte dIvoire, Ghana, Benin, S Nigeria, Cameroon, Bioko (Equatorial Guinea), Republic of Congo, W Dem. Rep. Congo.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Aethosciurus according to Moore (1959).	Green Bush Squirrel
12400868	Paraxerus vexillarius	Kershaw 1923	SPECIES			vexillarius		Paraxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.11 p.591		byatti  (Kershaw, 1923); laetus (G. M. Allen and Loveridge, 1933).	C and E Tanzania.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	It is possible that vexillarius and byatti are separate species, as treated by G. M. Allen (1939) and Ellerman (1940). Amtmann (1975) combined them but stated that they may be distinct species.	Swynnerton's Bush Squirrel
12400869	Paraxerus vexillarius subsp. vexillarius	Kershaw 1923	SUBSPECIES		vexillarius	vexillarius		Paraxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.11 p.591						
12400870	Paraxerus vexillarius subsp. byatti	Kershaw 1923	SUBSPECIES		byatti	vexillarius		Paraxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400922	Marmota	Blumenbach 1779	SUBGENUS				Marmota	Marmota	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Hand. Hilfsb. Nat. vol.1 p.79	Mus marmota Linnaeus, 1758.					
12400871	Paraxerus vincenti	Hayman 1950	SPECIES			vincenti		Paraxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 12 vol.3 p.263			N Mozambique.	IUCN  Vulnerable.		Vincent's Bush Squirrel
12400872	Protoxerus	Forsyth Major 1893	GENUS					Protoxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1893 p.189	Sciurus stangeri Waterhouse, 1842.	Allosciurus  Conisbee, 1953.			Tribe Protoxerini (Moore, 1959). Includes Allosciurus (replaced Myrsilas Thomas, 1909, which was preoccupied by Myrsilas Stål, 1865 [Hemiptera]) and Protoxerus as subgenera. Originally a subgenus of Xerus, raised to full generic rank by Thomas (1897b).	
12400873	Protoxerus	Forsyth Major 1893	SUBGENUS				Protoxerus	Protoxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1893 p.189	Sciurus stangeri Waterhouse, 1842.					
12400874	Allosciurus	Conisbee 1953	SUBGENUS				Allosciurus	Protoxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia						Replacement name for Myrsilas Thomas, 1909, which was preoccupied by Myrsilas Stål, 1865 [Hemiptera]	
12400895	Ammospermophilus harrisii subsp. saxicolus	Mearns 1896	SUBSPECIES		saxicolus	harrisii		Ammospermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400875	Protoxerus aubinnii	Gray 1873	SPECIES			aubinnii	Allosciurus	Protoxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4 vol.12 p.65		salae  (Jentink, 1881).	Liberia, Côte dIvoire, Ghana.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Allosciurus.	Slender-tailed Squirrel
12400876	Protoxerus aubinnii subsp. aubinnii	Gray 1873	SUBSPECIES		aubinnii	aubinnii	Allosciurus	Protoxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4 vol.12 p.65						
12400877	Protoxerus aubinnii subsp. salae	Jentink 1881	SUBSPECIES		salae	aubinnii	Allosciurus	Protoxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12700085	Dipodomys ordii subsp. longipes	Merriam 1890	SUBSPECIES		longipes	ordii		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12400878	Protoxerus stangeri	Waterhouse 1842	SPECIES			stangeri	Protoxerus	Protoxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.10 p.202 (footnote)		nordhoffi  (Du Chaillu, 1860); subalbidus (Du Chaillu, 1860); bea Heller, 1912; centricola (Thomas, 1906); moerens Thomas, 1923; notabilis Thomas, 1923; torrentium Thomas, 1923; cooperi Kingdon, 1971; eborivorus (Du Chaillu, 1860); calliurus (Peters, 1874); dissonus Thomas, 1923; kabobo Verheyen, 1960; kwango Verheyen, 1960; loandae (Thomas, 1906); nigeriae (Thomas, 1906); personatus Kershaw, 1923; signatus Thomas, 1910; temminckii (Anderson, 1879); caniceps (Temminck, 1853).	Sierra Leone, Liberia, Côte dIvoire, W Ghana, Togo, S Niger, Nigeria, Cameroon, Rio Muni, Bioko (Equatorial Guinea), Gabon, E Republic of Congo, N Angola, S Central African Republic, S Sudan, Dem. Rep. Congo, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, W Kenya, N Tanzania.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Protoxerus.	Forest Giant Squirrel
12400879	Protoxerus stangeri subsp. stangeri	Waterhouse 1842	SUBSPECIES		stangeri	stangeri	Protoxerus	Protoxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.10 p.202 (footnote)						
12400880	Protoxerus stangeri subsp. bea	Heller 1912	SUBSPECIES		bea	stangeri	Protoxerus	Protoxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400881	Protoxerus stangeri subsp. centricola	Thomas 1906	SUBSPECIES		centricola	stangeri	Protoxerus	Protoxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400882	Protoxerus stangeri subsp. cooperi	Kingdon 1971	SUBSPECIES		cooperi	stangeri	Protoxerus	Protoxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400883	Protoxerus stangeri subsp. eborivorus	Du Chaillu 1860	SUBSPECIES		eborivorus	stangeri	Protoxerus	Protoxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400884	Protoxerus stangeri subsp. kabobo	Verheyen 1960	SUBSPECIES		kabobo	stangeri	Protoxerus	Protoxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400885	Protoxerus stangeri subsp. kwango	Verheyen 1960	SUBSPECIES		kwango	stangeri	Protoxerus	Protoxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400886	Protoxerus stangeri subsp. loandae	Thomas 1906	SUBSPECIES		loandae	stangeri	Protoxerus	Protoxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400887	Protoxerus stangeri subsp. nigeriae	Thomas 1906	SUBSPECIES		nigeriae	stangeri	Protoxerus	Protoxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400888	Protoxerus stangeri subsp. personatus	Kershaw 1923	SUBSPECIES		personatus	stangeri	Protoxerus	Protoxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400889	Protoxerus stangeri subsp. signatus	Thomas 1910	SUBSPECIES		signatus	stangeri	Protoxerus	Protoxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400890	Protoxerus stangeri subsp. temminckii	Anderson 1879	SUBSPECIES		temminckii	stangeri	Protoxerus	Protoxerus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400891	Marmotini	Pocock 1923	TRIBE						Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1923 1 p.240						
12400923	Petromarmota	Steppan et al. 1999	SUBGENUS				Petromarmota	Marmota	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12800229	Thomomys bottae subsp. limpiae	Blair 1939	SUBSPECIES		limpiae	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12400892	Ammospermophilus	Merriam 1892	GENUS					Ammospermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.7 p.27	Spermophilus leucurus Merriam, 1892.				Tribe Otospermophilini (Gromov et al., 1965), Marmotini, or Ammospermophilini. Formerly included in Spermophilus (Hershkovitz, 1949b); Bryant (1945) considered Ammospermophilus a distinct genus. Recent sequence, biochemical and chromosomal data support Bryant's recognition of generic status and basal position among ground squirrels (Harrison et al., 2003).	
12400893	Ammospermophilus harrisii	Audubon and Bachman 1854	SPECIES			harrisii		Ammospermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Viviparous Quadrupeds of North America vol.3 p.267		saxicolus  (Mearns, 1896); kinoensis Huey, 1937.	Arizona to SW New Mexico (USA) and adjoining Sonora, Mexico.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	See A. insularis; reviewed by Best et al. (1990c, Mammalian Species No. 366).	Harriss Antelope Squirrel
12400894	Ammospermophilus harrisii subsp. harrisii	Audubon and Bachman 1854	SUBSPECIES		harrisii	harrisii		Ammospermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Viviparous Quadrupeds of North America vol.3 p.267						
12400896	Ammospermophilus insularis	Nelson and Goldman 1909	SPECIES			insularis		Ammospermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.22 p.24			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Considered a distinct species (Hall, 1981:381); may be most closely related to A. harrisii (Mascarello and Bolles, 1980). Reviewed by Best et al. (1990a, Mammalian Species No. 364).	Espiritu Santo Island Antelope Squirrel
12100776	Nomascus concolor subsp. furvogaster	Ma and Y. Wang 1986	SUBSPECIES		furvogaster	concolor		Nomascus	Hylobatidae	Primates							
12400897	Ammospermophilus interpres	Merriam 1890	SPECIES			interpres		Ammospermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	N. Am. Fauna vol.4 p.21			New Mexico and W Texas (USA) to Coahuila, Chihuahua, and Durango (Mexico).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Most divergent species of the genus (Bolles, 1981), and probable primitive sister-species to remainder (Hafner, 1981). Reviewed by Best et al. (1990b, Mammalian Species No. 365).	Texas Antelope Squirrel
12400965	Marmota monax subsp. rufescens	A. H. Howell 1914	SUBSPECIES		rufescens	monax	Marmota	Marmota	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400898	Ammospermophilus leucurus	Merriam 1889	SPECIES			leucurus		Ammospermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	N. Am. Fauna vol.2 p.19		vinnulus  (Elliot, 1904); canfieldiae Huey, 1929; cinamomeus (Merriam, 1890); escalante (Hansen, 1955); extimus Nelson and Goldman, 1929; notom (Hansen, 1955); peninsulae (J. A. Allen, 1893); pennipes A. H. Howell, 1931; tersus Goldman, 1929.	E California and SE Oregon to Colorado and New Mexico (USA), south to Baja California Sur (Mexico).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Belk and Smith (1990, Mammalian Species No. 368).	White-tailed Antelope Squirrel
12400899	Ammospermophilus leucurus subsp. leucurus	Merriam 1889	SUBSPECIES		leucurus	leucurus		Ammospermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	N. Am. Fauna vol.2 p.19						
12400900	Ammospermophilus leucurus subsp. canfieldiae	Huey 1929	SUBSPECIES		canfieldiae	leucurus		Ammospermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400901	Ammospermophilus leucurus subsp. cinamomeus	Merriam 1890	SUBSPECIES		cinamomeus	leucurus		Ammospermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400902	Ammospermophilus leucurus subsp. escalante	Hansen 1955	SUBSPECIES		escalante	leucurus		Ammospermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400903	Ammospermophilus leucurus subsp. extimus	Nelson and Goldman 1929	SUBSPECIES		extimus	leucurus		Ammospermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400904	Ammospermophilus leucurus subsp. notom	Hansen 1955	SUBSPECIES		notom	leucurus		Ammospermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400905	Ammospermophilus leucurus subsp. peninsulae	J. A. Allen 1893	SUBSPECIES		peninsulae	leucurus		Ammospermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400906	Ammospermophilus leucurus subsp. pennipes	A. H. Howell 1931	SUBSPECIES		pennipes	leucurus		Ammospermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400907	Ammospermophilus leucurus subsp. tersus	Goldman 1929	SUBSPECIES		tersus	leucurus		Ammospermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400908	Ammospermophilus nelsoni	Merriam 1893	SPECIES			nelsoni		Ammospermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.8 p.129		amplus  Taylor, 1916.	San Joaquin Valley (S California, USA).	May now be restricted to southern half of its former range (Hafner, 1981). IUCN  Endangered.	Most closely related to interpres (Hafner, 1981). Reviewed by Best et al. (1990d, Mammalian Species No. 367).	Nelsons Antelope Squirrel
12400971	Sciurotamias	Miller 1901	GENUS					Sciurotamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.14 p.23	Sciurus davidianus Milne-Edwards, 1867.	Rupestes  Thomas, 1922.			Includes Rupestes and Sciurotamias as subgenera; reviewed by Moore and Tate (1965). S. davidianus has a penile duct and Cowper's glands, and its glans and baculum are similar to those of Ratufa; therefore, Callahan and Davis (1982) removed this taxon from the Tamiasciurini (Moore, 1959:182) or Tamiini (Gromov et al., 1965:124) and tentatively referred it to Ratufini. Molecular studies now support its placement in Tamiini (Steppan et al., 2004), as does morphology (Thorington et al., 1998).	
12400909	Cynomys	Rafinesque 1817	GENUS					Cynomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Am. Mon. Mag. vol.2 p.43	Cynomys socialis Rafinesque, 1817 (= Arctomys ludoviciana Ord, 1815).	Arctomys  Ord, 1815; Cynomomus Osborn, 1894; Leucocrossuromys Hollister, 1916; Mamcynomiscus Herrera, 1899; Monax Warden, 1819.			Tribe Cynomyini (Gromov et al., 1965), or Marmotini (McKenna and Bell, 1997). Revised by Pizzimenti (1975). Clark et al. (1971) published a key to the genus. Includes Cynomys and Leucocrossuromys as subgenera. Relationships of Cynomys to other ground squirrels are in flux. While generally regarded as monophyletic, and a sister-group to North American Spermophilus, recent evidence suggests that Cynomys may be most closely related to the subgenera Ictidomys and Xerospermophilus, making genus Spermophilus paraphyletic (Hafner, 1984:17; Harrison et al., 2003). Goodwin (1995) reviewed the biogeographic history of the genus.	
12400910	Cynomys	Rafinesque 1817	SUBGENUS				Cynomys	Cynomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Am. Mon. Mag. vol.2 p.43	Cynomys socialis Rafinesque, 1817 (= Arctomys ludoviciana Ord, 1815).					
12400911	Leucocrossuromys	Hollister 1916	SUBGENUS				Leucocrossuromys	Cynomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400912	Cynomys gunnisoni	Baird 1855	SPECIES			gunnisoni	Leucocrossuromys	Cynomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.7 p.334		zuniensis  Hollister, 1916.	SE Utah, SW Colorado, NE Arizona, and NW New Mexico (USA).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Leucocrossuromys (Hall, 1981). Reviewed by Pizzimenti and Hoffmann (1973, Mammalian Species No. 25) and Pizzimenti (1976).	Gunnison's Prairie Dog
12400913	Cynomys gunnisoni subsp. gunnisoni	Baird 1855	SUBSPECIES		gunnisoni	gunnisoni	Leucocrossuromys	Cynomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.7 p.334						
12400914	Cynomys gunnisoni subsp. zuniensis	Hollister 1916	SUBSPECIES		zuniensis	gunnisoni	Leucocrossuromys	Cynomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400915	Cynomys leucurus	Merriam 1890	SPECIES			leucurus	Leucocrossuromys	Cynomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia	N. Am. Fauna vol.3 p.59			SC Montana, W and C Wyoming, NE Utah, and NW Colorado (USA).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Leucocrossuromys (Hall, 1981). Reviewed by Clark et al. (1971, Mammalian Species No. 7) and Pizzimenti (1976).	White-tailed Prairie Dog
12400929	Marmota bobak subsp. bobak	Müller 1776	SUBSPECIES		bobak	bobak	Marmota	Marmota	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Linné's Vollstand. Natursyst. Suppl. p.40						
12400930	Marmota bobak subsp. tschaganensis	Bazhanov 1930	SUBSPECIES		tschaganensis	bobak	Marmota	Marmota	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401071	Spermophilus pygmaeus subsp. mugosaricus	Lichtenstein 1823	SUBSPECIES		mugosaricus	pygmaeus	Spermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400916	Cynomys ludovicianus	Ord 1815	SPECIES			ludovicianus	Cynomys	Cynomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia	In Guthrie, New Geogr., Hist. Coml. Grammar, Philadelphia, 2nd ed. vol.2 p.292		cinereus  Richardson, 1829; grisea Rafinesque, 1817; latrans (Harlan, 1825); missouriensis (Warden, 1819); pyrrotrichus Elliot, 1905; socialis Rafinesque, 1817; arizonensis Mearns, 1890.	Saskatchewan (Canada); Montana to E Nebraska, W Texas, New Mexico, and SE Arizona (USA); NE Sonora, and N Chihuahua (Mexico).	U.S. ESA  Candidate taxon; IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Cynomys. Intraspecific variation reviewed by Chesser (1983). Reviewed by Hoogland (1996, Mammalian Species No. 535).	Black-tailed Prairie Dog
12400917	Cynomys ludovicianus subsp. ludovicianus	Ord 1815	SUBSPECIES		ludovicianus	ludovicianus	Cynomys	Cynomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia	In Guthrie, New Geogr., Hist. Coml. Grammar, Philadelphia, 2nd ed. vol.2 p.292						
12400918	Cynomys ludovicianus subsp. arizonensis	Mearns 1890	SUBSPECIES		arizonensis	ludovicianus	Cynomys	Cynomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400919	Cynomys mexicanus	Merriam 1892	SPECIES			mexicanus	Cynomys	Cynomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.7 p.157			Coahuila, and San Luis Potosi; perhaps Nuevo Leon, and Zacatecas (NC Mexico).	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Endangered.	Subgenus Cynomys (Hall, 1981:412); reviewed by Ceballos-G. and Wilson (1985, Mammalian Species No. 248) and Treviño-V. (1991).	Mexican Prairie Dog
12400920	Cynomys parvidens	J. A. Allen 1905	SPECIES			parvidens	Leucocrossuromys	Cynomys	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Mus. Brooklyn Inst. Arts and Sci., Sci. Bull. vol.1 p.119			SC Utah (USA).	U.S. ESA  Threatened; IUCN  Lower Risk (conservation dependent).	Subgenus Leucocrossuromys (Hall, 1981). Reviewed by Pizzimenti and Collier (1975, Mammalian Species No. 52) and Pizzimenti and Nadler (1972).	Utah Prairie Dog
12400921	Marmota	Blumenbach 1779	GENUS					Marmota	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Hand. Hilfsb. Nat. vol.1 p.79	Mus marmota Linnaeus, 1758.	Arctomys  Schreber, 1780; Glis Erxleben, 1777; Lagomys Storr, 1780; Lipura Storr, 1780; Marmotops Pocock, 1922; Petromarmota Steppan et al., 1999.			Tribe Marmotini (Moore, 1959). North American species reviewed by A. H. Howell (1915); Eurasian species revised by Gromov et al. (1965); amphiberingian species reviewed by Hoffmann et al. (1979); phylogeny tested by Steppan et al. (1999). Frase and Hoffmann (1980) provided a key to North American species.	
12400924	Marmota baibacina	Kastschenko 1899	SPECIES			baibacina	Marmota	Marmota	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Rezul't. Altaisk. Zool. Exp. 1898 p.62		aphanasievi  Kuznetsov, 1965; lewisi (Audubon and Bachman, 1854) [nomen oblitum]; ognevi Scalon, 1950; centralis (Thomas, 1909); kastschenkoi Stroganov and Yudin, 1956.	Altai and Tien Shan Mtns, SW Siberia (Russia), SE Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan; Mongolia; Xinjiang (China). Introduced into Caucasus Mtns (Dagestan, Russia; Gromov et al., 1965:360).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Marmota (Steppan et al., 1999). Placed by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951:514) in marmota, and by Corbet (1978c:81) in bobak; Kapitonov (1966) analyzed purported hybridization between baibacina and bobak, while Nikol'skii (1974) and Nikol'skii et al. (1983) found species-specific vocalizations. Most Russian authors retain both as distinct species (Gromov et al., 1965:337-387; Zholnerovskaya et al., 1990; Zimina, 1978) and include centralis in this species. Steppan et al.(1999) found that bobac and baibacina are sister species. Kapitonov (1966) indicated that the population called aphanasievi is included in this species; but also see Corbet (1978c:81). Includes lewisi, a nomen oblitum (Hoffmann, 1977); baibacina (Brandt, 1843) is a nomen nudum. See also bobak, sibirica.	Gray Marmot
12100803	Pongo	Lacépède 1799	GENUS					Pongo	Hominidae	Primates	Tabl. Div. Subd. Orders Genres Mammifères p.4	Pongo borneo Lacépède, 1799 (= Simia pygmaeus Linnaeus, 1760).	Faunus Oken, 1816 [unavailable]; Lophotus Fischer, 1813; Macrobates Bilberg, 1828; Satyrus Lesson, 1840.				
12100804	Pongo abelii	Lesson 1827	SPECIES			abelii		Pongo	Hominidae	Primates	Man. Mamm. p.32		abongensis (Selenka, 1896); bicolor (I.Geoffroy, 1843); deliensis (Selenka, 1896); gigantica (Pearson, 1841); langkatensis (Selenka, 1896).	Sumatra, NW of Lake Toba (Indonesia).	CITES  Appendix I and U.S. ESA as included in P. pygmaeus; IUCN  Critically Endangered.	On the nomenclature, see Groves and Holthuis (1985). Reviewed by Groves (1971a, Mammalian Species, 4). Considered a species separate from P. pygmaeus by Groves (2001c), who summarized several previous sources suggesting this.	Sumatran Orangutan
12100805	Pongo pygmaeus	Linnaeus 1760	SPECIES			pygmaeus		Pongo	Hominidae	Primates	Amoenit. Acad. vol.6 p.68		agris (Schreber, 1799); batangtuensis (Selenka, 1896); borneensis Röhrer-Ertl, 1983; borneo (Lacépède, 1799); dadappensis (Selenka, 1896); genepaiensis (Selenka, 1896); landakkensis (Selenka, 1896); rantaiensis (Selenka, 1896); rufus (Lesson, 1840); satyrus (Linnaeus, 1766) [in part; suppressed by Opinion 114 of the Int. Comm. Zool. Nomenclature, 1929c]; skalauensis (Selenka, 1896); sumatranus (Mayer, 1856); tuakensis (Selenka, 1896); wallichii (Gray, 1871); morio (Owen, 1837); brookei (Blyth, 1853); curtus (Blyth, 1855); owenii (Blyth, 1853); wurmbii (Tiedemann, 1808).	Borneo, except the southeast.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA and IUCN  Endangered as P. pygmaeus, P. p. pygmaeus, and P. p. wurmbii.	On the nomenclature, see Groves and Holthuis (1985). Reviewed by Groves (1971a, Mammalian Species, 4).	Bornean Orangutan
12100806	Pongo pygmaeus subsp. pygmaeus	Linnaeus 1760	SUBSPECIES		pygmaeus	pygmaeus		Pongo	Hominidae	Primates	Amoenit. Acad. vol.6 p.68						
12100807	Pongo pygmaeus subsp. morio	Owen 1837	SUBSPECIES		morio	pygmaeus		Pongo	Hominidae	Primates							
12100808	Pongo pygmaeus subsp. wurmbii	Tiedemann 1808	SUBSPECIES		wurmbii	pygmaeus		Pongo	Hominidae	Primates							
12400925	Marmota baibacina subsp. baibacina	Kastschenko 1899	SUBSPECIES		baibacina	baibacina	Marmota	Marmota	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Rezul't. Altaisk. Zool. Exp. 1898 p.62						
12400926	Marmota baibacina subsp. centralis	Thomas 1909	SUBSPECIES		centralis	baibacina	Marmota	Marmota	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400927	Marmota baibacina subsp. kastschenkoi	Stroganov and Yudin 1956	SUBSPECIES		kastschenkoi	baibacina	Marmota	Marmota	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400928	Marmota bobak	Müller 1776	SPECIES			bobak	Marmota	Marmota	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Linné's Vollstand. Natursyst. Suppl. p.40		bobac  (Schreber, 1780); arctomys (Pallas, 1779); baibac (Pallas, 1811); tschaganensis Bazhanov, 1930; kozlovi Fokanov, 1966.	Steppes of E Europe, east through Belarus, Ukraine, and Russia to N and C Kazakhstan.	Regaining parts of former range (Bibikov, 1991). IUCN  Lower Risk (conservation dependent).	Subgenus Marmota (Steppan et al., 1999). See comments under baibacina, himalayana, and sibirica. Includes kozlovi (Fokanov, 1966) and tschaganensis (Gromov et al., 1965).	Bobak Marmot
12400964	Marmota monax subsp. ignava	Bangs 1899	SUBSPECIES		ignava	monax	Marmota	Marmota	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400931	Marmota broweri	Hall and Gilmore 1934	SPECIES			broweri	Marmota	Marmota	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Canadian Field Nat. vol.48 p.57			Brooks Range of N Alaska (USA) from near coast of Chukchi Sea to Alaska-Yukon border; perhaps also N Yukon (Canada).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Marmota (Steppan et al., 1999). Regarded as a synonym of caligata (Hall, 1981) but Rausch and Rausch (1965, 1971) and Hoffmann et al. (1979) considered broweri a distinct species. Steppan et al. (1999) found that broweri is more closely related to the Old World caudata than to Nearctic marmots.	Alaska Marmot
12400932	Marmota caligata	Eschscholtz 1829	SPECIES			caligata	Petromarmota	Marmota	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Zool. Atlas vol.Part 2 p.p. 1, pl. 6		sheldoni  A. H. Howell, 1914; vigilis Heller, 1909; cascadensis A. H. Howell, 1914; raceyi Anderson, 1932; okanagana (King, 1836); nivaria A. H. Howell, 1914; oxytona Hollister, 1914; sibila Hollister, 1912.	C Alaska (USA), Yukon and Northwest Territories (Canada) south to W and NE Washington, C Idaho, and W Montana (USA).	IUCN  Data Deficient as M. c. sheldoni and M. c. vigilis; otherwise  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Petromarmota (Steppan et al., 1999).	Hoary Marmot
12400933	Marmota caligata subsp. caligata	Eschscholtz 1829	SUBSPECIES		caligata	caligata	Petromarmota	Marmota	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Zool. Atlas vol.Part 2 p.p. 1, pl. 6						
12400934	Marmota caligata subsp. cascadensis	A. H. Howell 1914	SUBSPECIES		cascadensis	caligata	Petromarmota	Marmota	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400984	Callospermophilus	Merriam 1897	SUBGENUS				Callospermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400935	Marmota caligata subsp. okanagana	King 1836	SUBSPECIES		okanagana	caligata	Petromarmota	Marmota	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400952	Marmota himalayana	Hodgson 1841	SPECIES			himalayana	Marmota	Marmota	Sciuridae	Rodentia	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.10 p.777		hemachalana  (Hodgson, 1843); hodgsoni (Blanford, 1879); tataricus (Jameson, 1847); tibetanus (Gray, 1847); robusta (Milne-Edwards, 1872).	Montane regions of W China, Nepal, and N India to Ladak.	CITES  Appendix III (India); IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Marmota (Steppan et al., 1999). Placed in bobak (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951:515; Corbet, 1978c:81), but geographically separated from that species; evidence for specific status in Gromov et al. (1965); sister species of sibirica; see also comment under baibacina and sibirica.	Himalayan Marmot
12400972	Sciurotamias	Miller 1901	SUBGENUS				Sciurotamias	Sciurotamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.14 p.23	Sciurus davidianus Milne-Edwards, 1867.					
12400936	Marmota camtschatica	Pallas 1811	SPECIES			camtschatica	Marmota	Marmota	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat. p.156		bungei  (Kastschenko, 1901); cliftoni (Thomas, 1902); doppelmayri Birula, 1922.	E Siberia from Transbaikalia to Chukotka and Kamchatka (Russia), in several geographically isolated populations (Nikol'skii et al., 1991).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Marmota (Steppan et al., 1999). Regarded as a synonym of marmota (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; Rausch, 1953). Hoffmann et al. (1979) reviewed this and related species, and affirmed its specific status. Kapitonov (1978) concluded that morphological differences justified independent specific status for doppelmayeri, but Nikol'skii et al. (1991) showed similarity of vocalization between it and bungei, while the nominate form differed, and recommended that doppelmayeri be retained provisionally in this species. Boyeskorov et al. (1999) then showed that camtschatica and doppelmayeri were most divergent morphologically and immunologically, but the geographically intermediate Yakutian subspecies was also intermediate in these characters, and referred to the group as a whole as a superspecies. Steppan et al. (1999) found himalayana and sibirica to be sister species, and in the same clade as camtschatica. Lyapu... [truncated]	Black-capped Marmot
12400937	Marmota camtschatica subsp. camtschatica	Pallas 1811	SUBSPECIES		camtschatica	camtschatica	Marmota	Marmota	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat. p.156						
12400938	Marmota camtschatica subsp. bungei	Kastschenko 1901	SUBSPECIES		bungei	camtschatica	Marmota	Marmota	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400939	Marmota camtschatica subsp. doppelmayri	Birula 1922	SUBSPECIES		doppelmayri	camtschatica	Marmota	Marmota	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400940	Marmota caudata	Geoffroy 1844	SPECIES			caudata	Marmota	Marmota	Sciuridae	Rodentia	In Jacquemont, Voy. dans l'Inde vol.4, Zool. p.66		aurea  (Blanford, 1875); flavina (Thomas, 1909); littledalei (Thomas, 1909); dichrous (Anderson, 1875); stirlingi Thomas, 1916.	W Tien Shan through the Pamirs (Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan) to Hindu Kush (Afghanistan), Pakistan, Kashmir (India), and mountains of extreme W Xinjiang and Xizang (China).	CITES  Appendix III (India); IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Marmota (Steppan et al., 1999). Includes dichrous (Corbet, 1978c:82); but also see Gromov et al. (1965:440) who listed it as a distinct species.	Long-tailed Marmot
12400941	Marmota caudata subsp. caudata	Geoffroy 1844	SUBSPECIES		caudata	caudata	Marmota	Marmota	Sciuridae	Rodentia	In Jacquemont, Voy. dans l'Inde vol.4, Zool. p.66						
12400942	Marmota caudata subsp. aurea	Blanford 1875	SUBSPECIES		aurea	caudata	Marmota	Marmota	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400943	Marmota caudata subsp. dichrous	Anderson 1875	SUBSPECIES		dichrous	caudata	Marmota	Marmota	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400944	Marmota flaviventris	Audubon and Bachman 1841	SPECIES			flaviventris	Petromarmota	Marmota	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.1 p.99		fortirostris  Grinnell, 1921; sierrae A. H. Howell, 1915; avara (Bangs, 1899); parvula A. H. Howell, 1915; dacota (Merriam, 1889); luteola A. H. Howell, 1914; campioni Figgins, 1915; warreni A. H. Howell, 1914; nosophora A. H. Howell, 1914; engelhardti J. A. Allen, 1905; notioros Warren, 1934; obscura A. H. Howell, 1914.	SC British Columbia and S Alberta (Canada) south to N New Mexico, S Utah, Nevada, and California (USA).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Petromarmota (Steppan et al., 1999). Reviewed by Frase and Hoffmann (1980, Mammalian Species No. 135).	Yellow-bellied Marmot
12400945	Marmota flaviventris subsp. flaviventris	Audubon and Bachman 1841	SUBSPECIES		flaviventris	flaviventris	Petromarmota	Marmota	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.1 p.99						
12400946	Marmota flaviventris subsp. avara	Bangs 1899	SUBSPECIES		avara	flaviventris	Petromarmota	Marmota	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400947	Marmota flaviventris subsp. dacota	Merriam 1889	SUBSPECIES		dacota	flaviventris	Petromarmota	Marmota	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400948	Marmota flaviventris subsp. luteola	A. H. Howell 1914	SUBSPECIES		luteola	flaviventris	Petromarmota	Marmota	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400949	Marmota flaviventris subsp. nosophora	A. H. Howell 1914	SUBSPECIES		nosophora	flaviventris	Petromarmota	Marmota	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400950	Marmota flaviventris subsp. notioros	Warren 1934	SUBSPECIES		notioros	flaviventris	Petromarmota	Marmota	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400951	Marmota flaviventris subsp. obscura	A. H. Howell 1914	SUBSPECIES		obscura	flaviventris	Petromarmota	Marmota	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400953	Marmota himalayana subsp. himalayana	Hodgson 1841	SUBSPECIES		himalayana	himalayana	Marmota	Marmota	Sciuridae	Rodentia	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.10 p.777						
12400954	Marmota himalayana subsp. robusta	Milne-Edwards 1872	SUBSPECIES		robusta	himalayana	Marmota	Marmota	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400955	Marmota marmota	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			marmota	Marmota	Marmota	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.60		alba  (Bechstein, 1801); alpina Blumenbach, 1779; marmotta Trouessart, 1904; nigra (Bechstein, 1801); tigrina (Bechstein, 1801); latirostris Kratochvil, 1961.	Swiss, Italian, and French Alps; W Austria; S Germany; Carpathian (Romania) and Tatra Mtns (Czech Republic, Poland); introduced into French Pyrenees, E Austria and N Serbia and Montenegro.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Marmota (Steppan et al., 1999). Formerly included baibacina, broweri, caligata, camtschatica, and menzbieri (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; Rausch, 1953).	Alpine Marmot
12400956	Marmota marmota subsp. marmota	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		marmota	marmota	Marmota	Marmota	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.60						
12400957	Marmota marmota subsp. latirostris	Kratochvil 1961	SUBSPECIES		latirostris	marmota	Marmota	Marmota	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400958	Marmota menzbieri	Kashkarov 1925	SPECIES			menzbieri	Marmota	Marmota	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Trans. Turk. Sci. Soc. vol.2 p.47		zachidovi  Petrov, 1963.	W Tien Shan Mtns, in S Kazakhstan and NW Kirgizia.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Subgenus Marmota (Steppan et al., 1999). Regarded by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951:514) as a probable synonym of marmota; but see Corbet (1978c:81). Steppan et al. (1999) found menzbieri to be the sister species to caudata.	Menzbier's Marmot
12400959	Marmota menzbieri subsp. menzbieri	Kashkarov 1925	SUBSPECIES		menzbieri	menzbieri	Marmota	Marmota	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Trans. Turk. Sci. Soc. vol.2 p.47						
12400960	Marmota menzbieri subsp. zachidovi	Petrov 1963	SUBSPECIES		zachidovi	menzbieri	Marmota	Marmota	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400961	Marmota monax	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			monax	Marmota	Marmota	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.60		bunkeri  Black, 1935; canadensis (Erxleben, 1777); empetra (Pallas, 1778); johnsoni Anderson, 1943; melanopus (Kuhl, 1820); ochracea Swarth, 1911; petrensis A. H. Howell, 1915; sibila (Wolf, 1808); ignava (Bangs, 1899); rufescens A. H. Howell, 1914; preblorum A. H. Howell, 1914.	Alaska (USA) through S Canada to S Labrador to NE and SC USA; south in Rocky Mtns, possibly to N Idaho.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Marmota (Steppan et al., 1999). Reviewed by Kwiecinski (1998, Mammalian Species No. 591).	Woodchuck
12400962	Marmota monax subsp. monax	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		monax	monax	Marmota	Marmota	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.60						
12400963	Marmota monax subsp. canadensis	Erxleben 1777	SUBSPECIES		canadensis	monax	Marmota	Marmota	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400966	Marmota olympus	Merriam 1898	SPECIES			olympus	Petromarmota	Marmota	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.50 p.352			Olympic Mtns of W Washington (USA).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Petromarmota; basal to the caligata-vancouverensis clade (Steppan et al., 1999). Considered a subspecies of marmota by Rausch (1953), but reviewed by Hoffmann et al. (1979) who confirmed its specific status. Also see Edelman (2003, Mammalian Species No. 736).	Olympic Marmot
12400967	Marmota sibirica	Radde 1862	SPECIES			sibirica	Marmota	Marmota	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Reise in den Suden von Ost-Sibierien p.159		dahurica  (Dybowski, 1922); caliginosus Bannikov and Skalon, 1949.	SW Siberia, Tuva, Transbaikalia (Russia); N and W Mongolia; Heilungjiang and Inner Mongolia (China).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Marmota (Steppan et al., 1999). Placed (with baibacina) in bobak (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951:515; Corbet, 1978c:81). Gromov et al. (1965) and Zimina (1978) provided evidence of specific distinctness and included caliginosus in this species; see comment under baibacina and sibirica. Steppan et al. (1999) found sibirica and himalayana to be sister species. Nikol'skii (1974) and Smirin et al. (1985) analyzed contact between baibacina and sibirica in Tuva and the Mongolian Altai; Sokolov and Orlov (1980:329) also indicated sympatry in NW Mongolia; limited hybridization is possible.	Tarbagan Marmot
13500042	Ochotona hyperborea subsp. uralensis	Flerov 1927	SUBSPECIES		uralensis	hyperborea	Pika	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha							
12400968	Marmota sibirica subsp. sibirica	Radde 1862	SUBSPECIES		sibirica	sibirica	Marmota	Marmota	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Reise in den Suden von Ost-Sibierien p.159						
12400969	Marmota sibirica subsp. caliginosus	Bannikov and Skalon 1949	SUBSPECIES		caliginosus	sibirica	Marmota	Marmota	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400970	Marmota vancouverensis	Swarth 1911	SPECIES			vancouverensis	Petromarmota	Marmota	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Univ. California Publ. Zool. vol.7 p.201			Mountains of Vancouver Isl (British Columbia, Canada).	U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Endangered.	Subgenus Petromarmota; sister species to M. caligata (Steppan et al., 1999). Considered a subspecies of marmota by Rausch (1953). Reviewed by Hoffmann et al. (1979) who confirmed its specific status, and by Nagorsen (1987, Mammalian Species No. 270).	Vancouver Island Marmot
12400973	Rupestes	Thomas 1922	SUBGENUS				Rupestes	Sciurotamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400974	Sciurotamias davidianus	Milne-Edwards 1867	SPECIES			davidianus	Sciurotamias	Sciurotamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Rev. Mag. Zool. Paris, ser. 2 vol.19 p.196		latro  Heude, 1898; owstoni J. A. Allen, 1909; saltitans Heude, 1898; consobrinus (Milne-Edwards, 1868-1874); thayeri G. M. Allen, 1912. <u>Not allocated to subspecies</u>: collaris Heude, 1898.	S Gansu to Hebei and Shandong to S Liaoning, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Henan, Hubei, Guizhou, Guangxi, Anhui and SW Sichuan (China) (Zhang et al., 1997).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Sciurotamias. Distribution shown by Corbet and Hill (1992) is more restricted than that of Zhang et al. (1997).	Père David's Rock Squirrel
12400975	Sciurotamias davidianus subsp. davidianus	Milne-Edwards 1867	SUBSPECIES		davidianus	davidianus	Sciurotamias	Sciurotamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Rev. Mag. Zool. Paris, ser. 2 vol.19 p.196						
12400976	Sciurotamias davidianus subsp. consobrinus	Milne-Edwards 1868-1874	SUBSPECIES		consobrinus	davidianus	Sciurotamias	Sciurotamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400977	Sciurotamias forresti	Thomas 1922	SPECIES			forresti	Rupestes	Sciurotamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.10 p.399			Yunnan Province,(China). See Zhang et al. (1997).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Subgenus Rupestes (Moore and Tate, 1965). Apparently parapatric with davidianus ESE of Kunming.	Forrest's Rock Squirrel
12400993	Spermophilus atricapillus	W. Bryant 1889	SPECIES			atricapillus	Otospermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. California Acad. Sci., ser. 2 vol.2 p.26			Baja California (Mexico).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Otospermophilus (Hall, 1981:402). Sister species to beecheyi (Harrison et al., 2003). Reviewed by Alvarez-Casteñeda et al. (1996, Mammalian Species No. 521).	Baja California Rock Squirrel
12401043	Spermophilus madrensis	Merriam 1901	SPECIES			madrensis	Callospermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Washington Acad. Sci. vol.3 p.563			SW Chihuahua (Mexico).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Callospermophilus (Hall, 1981:410). Gromov et al. (1965:150) considered Callospermophilus a subgenus of the genus Otospermophilus. S. madrensis and S. lateralis are sister species (Harrison et al., 2003). Reviewed by Best and Thomas (1991b, Mammalian Species No. 378).	Sierra Madre Ground Squirrel
12400978	Spermophilus	F. Cuvier 1825	GENUS					Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Dentes des Mammiferes p.255	Mus citellus Linnaeus, 1766.	Anisonyx  Rafinesque, 1817; Arctomys Schreber, 1780; Callospermophilus Merriam, 1897; Citellus Oken, 1816; Citillus Lichtenstein, 1830; Colobates Milne-Edwards, 1874; Colobotis Brandt, 1844; Ictidomoides Mearns, 1907; Ictidomys J. A. Allen, 1877; Notocitellus A. H. Howell, 1938; Otocolobus Brandt, 1844; Otospermophilus Brandt, 1844; Poliocitellus A. H. Howell, 1938; Spermatophilus Wagler, 1830; Spermophilis Richardson, 1839; Urocitellus Obolenskij, 1927; Xerospermophilus Merriam, 1892.			Tribe Marmotini (Moore, 1959). Citellus Oken, 1816 has been widely used, but is invalid (Corbet, 1978c:82; Hershkovitz, 1949b). Includes Otospermophilus, Xerospermophilus, Ictidomys, Poliocitellus, Callospermophilus, and Spermophilus as subgenera (Hall, 1981:382); Gromov et al. (1965) gave the first three taxa generic rank, and considered Poliocitellus a subgenus of Ictidomys, while placing Callospermophilus and Otospermophilus as sister subgenera under genus Otospermophilus. North American species revised by A. H. Howell (1938). Eurasian species revised by Gromov et al. (1965) who also recognized Colobotis and Urocitellus as subgenera; but see Hall (1981:382), who included them in subgenus Spermophilus. Holarctic species reviewed by Nadler et al. (1982, 1984). A key to the genus was given by Rickart and Yensen (1991).	
12400979	Spermophilus	F. Cuvier 1825	SUBGENUS				Spermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Dentes des Mammiferes p.255	Mus citellus Linnaeus, 1766.					
12400980	Otospermophilus	Brandt 1844	SUBGENUS				Otospermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400981	Xerospermophilus	Merriam 1892	SUBGENUS				Xerospermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400982	Ictidomys	J. A. Allen 1877	SUBGENUS				Ictidomys	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400983	Poliocitellus	A. H. Howell 1938	SUBGENUS				Poliocitellus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400985	Spermophilus adocetus	Merriam 1903	SPECIES			adocetus	see comments	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.16 p.79		arceliae  Villa-R., 1942; infernatus Alvarez and Ramírez-P., 1968.	E Jalisco, Michoacan, and N Guerrero (WC Mexico).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Notocitellus (A. H. Howell, 1938) or Otospermophilus (Hall, 1981:399); but see also Birney and Genoways (1973) who suggested it is closer to subgenus Ictidomys. Molecular sequence data indicate that adocetus and annulatus are sister species (Harrison et al., 2003), and basal to all other spermophiline ground squirrels, except Ammospermophilus. Reviewed by Best (1995g, Mammalian Species No. 504).	Tropical Ground Squirrel
12400986	Spermophilus adocetus subsp. adocetus	Merriam 1903	SUBSPECIES		adocetus	adocetus	see comments	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.16 p.79						
12400987	Spermophilus adocetus subsp. infernatus	Alvarez and Ramírez-P. 1968	SUBSPECIES		infernatus	adocetus	see comments	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400988	Spermophilus alashanicus	Büchner 1888	SPECIES			alashanicus	Spermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Wiss. Res. Przewalski Cent. Asien Zool. vol.I:(Säugeth.) p.11		dilutus  (Formozov, 1929); obscurus Büchner, 1888; siccus (G. M. Allen, 1925).	SC Mongolia; Ala Shan and E Nan Shan (N China).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Spermophilus (Gromov et al. 1965:208). Placed by Corbet (1978c) in dauricus; Orlov and Davaa (1975) provided evidence of specific distinctness. Molecular sequence data (Harrison et al., 2003) suggest a sister species relationship with pallidicauda.	Alashan Ground Squirrel
12400989	Spermophilus annulatus	Audubon and Bachman 1842	SPECIES			annulatus	see comments	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.8 p.319		goldmani  Merriam, 1902.	Nayarit to N Guerrero (Mexico).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Notocitellus (A. H. Howell, 1938:162) or Otospermophilus (Hall, 1981:403). See adocetes, above. Reviewed by Best (1995h, Mammalian Species No. 508).	Ring-tailed Ground Squirrel
12400990	Spermophilus annulatus subsp. annulatus	Audubon and Bachman 1842	SUBSPECIES		annulatus	annulatus	see comments	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.8 p.319						
12400991	Spermophilus annulatus subsp. goldmani	Merriam 1902	SUBSPECIES		goldmani	annulatus	see comments	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400992	Spermophilus armatus	Kennicott 1863	SPECIES			armatus	Spermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.15 p.158			SC Utah to S Montana, SE Idaho to W Wyoming (USA).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Spermophilus (Hall, 1981:386). Largely allopatric with its sister species, beldingi (Harrison et al., 2003). Reviewed by Eshelman and Sonnemann (2000; Mammalian Species No. 637).	Uinta Ground Squirrel
12401036	Spermophilus lateralis subsp. cinerascens	Merriam 1890	SUBSPECIES		cinerascens	lateralis	Callospermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401037	Spermophilus lateralis subsp. connectens	A. H. Howell 1931	SUBSPECIES		connectens	lateralis	Callospermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400994	Spermophilus beecheyi	Richardson 1829	SPECIES			beecheyi	Otospermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Fauna Boreali-Americana vol.1 p.170		douglasii  (Richardson, 1829); fisheri Merriam, 1893; nesioticus (Elliot, 1904); nudipes (Huey, 1931); parvulus (A. H. Howell, 1931); rupinarum (Huey, 1931); sierrae (A. H. Howell, 1938).	W Washington (USA) to Baja California Norte (Mexico).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Otospermophilus (Hall, 1981:401).	California Ground Squirrel
12400995	Spermophilus beecheyi subsp. beecheyi	Richardson 1829	SUBSPECIES		beecheyi	beecheyi	Otospermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Fauna Boreali-Americana vol.1 p.170						
12400996	Spermophilus beecheyi subsp. douglasii	Richardson 1829	SUBSPECIES		douglasii	beecheyi	Otospermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400997	Spermophilus beecheyi subsp. fisheri	Merriam 1893	SUBSPECIES		fisheri	beecheyi	Otospermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400998	Spermophilus beecheyi subsp. nesioticus	Elliot 1904	SUBSPECIES		nesioticus	beecheyi	Otospermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12400999	Spermophilus beecheyi subsp. nudipes	Huey 1931	SUBSPECIES		nudipes	beecheyi	Otospermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401000	Spermophilus beecheyi subsp. parvulus	A. H. Howell 1931	SUBSPECIES		parvulus	beecheyi	Otospermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401001	Spermophilus beecheyi subsp. rupinarum	Huey 1931	SUBSPECIES		rupinarum	beecheyi	Otospermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401002	Spermophilus beecheyi subsp. sierrae	A. H. Howell 1938	SUBSPECIES		sierrae	beecheyi	Otospermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401003	Spermophilus beldingi	Merriam 1888	SPECIES			beldingi	Spermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. vol.4 p.317		creber  (Hall, 1940); oregonus Merriam, 1898.	E Oregon, SW Idaho, NE California, N Nevada, and NW Utah (USA).		Subgenus Spermophilus (Hall, 1981:387). Reviewed by Jenkins and Eshelman (1984, Mammalian Species No. 221).	Belding's Ground Squirrel
12401004	Spermophilus beldingi subsp. beldingi	Merriam 1888	SUBSPECIES		beldingi	beldingi	Spermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. vol.4 p.317						
12401005	Spermophilus beldingi subsp. creber	Hall 1940	SUBSPECIES		creber	beldingi	Spermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401006	Spermophilus beldingi subsp. oregonus	Merriam 1898	SUBSPECIES		oregonus	beldingi	Spermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401007	Spermophilus brevicauda	Brandt 1843	SPECIES			brevicauda	see comments	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Bull. Acad. Sci., St. Petersbourg p.364		carruthersi  (Thomas, 1912); intermedius (Brandt, 1844); ilensis (Belyaev, 1945); saryarka (Selevin, 1937); selevini (Argyropolu, 1941).	Zaisan depression south and westward along the Tien Shan mountains to the vicinity of Almaty, on both sides of the Kazakh-Chinese border (see Ma et al., 1987).		Subgenus Colobotis according to Gromov et al. (1965:315), but see Hall (1981:381) who included Colobotis in subgenus Spermophilus. See comments in erythrogenys, of which brevicauda was long considered a subspecies. A phylogeny based on molecular sequence data separates brevicauda from erythrogenys, pallidicauda, and alashanicus (Harrison et al., 2003).	Brandts Ground Squirrel
13700420	Episoriculus	Ellermann and Morrison-Scott 1966	GENUS					Episoriculus	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian Mammals 1758 to 1946, second ed. p.56	Sorex caudatus Horsfield, 1851.				Described as a subgenus of Soriculus and often included in that genus (Hoffmann, 1985b). Hutterer (1994b) presented evidence that Soriculus, Episoriculus and Chodsigoa are not closely related to each other, and that Pleistocene and Pliocene shrews from Europe referred to Episoriculus by many authors (e.g., Rzebik-Kowalska, 1981) belong to the extinct genus Asoriculus, a conclusion widely accepted by paleontologists (Reumer, 1998; Rzebik-Kowalska, 2002).	
12401008	Spermophilus brunneus	A. H. Howell 1928	SPECIES			brunneus	Spermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.41 p.211		endemicus  Yensen, 1991.	WC Idaho (USA), in three isolated areas; north of Payette River to Hitt and Cuddy Mtns; between Cuddy and Seven Devils Mtns, and east of West Mtns.	"...limited ranges and small breeding populations...vulnerable..." (Yensen, 1991:597). U.S. ESA  Candidate taxon as S. b. endemicus, Threatened as S. b. brunneus; IUCN - Critically Endangered as S. b. brunneus, Vulnerable as S. b. endemicus; otherwise Endangered as S. brunneus.	Subgenus Spermophilus (Hall, 1981:385). Includes endemicus, which "may be reaching species-level separation" (Yensen, 1991:597). Included in clade which also contains canus and mollis. Population genetics analyzed by Gavin et al., 1999. Reviewed by Yensen and Sherman (1997, Mammalian Species No. 560).	Idaho Ground Squirrel
12401009	Spermophilus canus	Merriam 1898	SPECIES			canus	Spermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.12 p.70		vigilis  (Merriam, 1913).	USA: E Oregon, except NE and SE corners; extreme NW Nevada; W side of Snake River in WC Idaho.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Spermophilus (Hall, 1981:383). Includes vigilis (see Vorontsov and Lyapunova, 1970; Nadler et al., 1984, wherein that junior synonym was employed as the species name). Formerly considered a subspecies of townsendii (Hall, 1981:383-384), but differs in diploid chromosome number (Nadler et al., 1984). No hybridization between canus (2n=46) and adjacent mollis (2n=38) or townsendii (2n=36) has been reported (Rickart et al., 1985). Reviewed (in part) by Rickart (1987), as S. townsendii.	Merriam's Ground Squirrel
12401038	Spermophilus lateralis subsp. mitratus	A. H. Howell 1931	SUBSPECIES		mitratus	lateralis	Callospermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401010	Spermophilus citellus	Linnaeus 1766	SPECIES			citellus	Spermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Syst. Nat., 12th ed. vol.1 p.80		citillus  (Pallas, 1779); gradojevici (Martino, 1929); karamani (Martino, 1940); istricus (Calinescu, 1934); laskarevi (Martino, 1940); martinoi (Peshchev, 1955); balcanicus (Markov, 1957); thracius (Mursaloglu, 1964). <u>Not allocated to subspecies</u>: macedonicus Fraguedakis-Tsolis and Ondrias, 1977.	SE Germany, Czech Republic, SW Poland through SE Europe to European Turkey, Moldovia and W Ukraine.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Subgenus Spermophilus. Formerly included dauricus and xanthoprymnus as in Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951:506); but see Gromov et al. (1965:208, 237), Vorontsov and Lyapunova (1970), and Orlov and Davaa (1975). Cytogenetics described by Belcheva and Peshev (1985) and Soldatovic et al. (1984); xanthoprymnus is now considered to be more closely aligned with suslicus and dauricus (Harrison et al., 2003).	European Ground Squirrel
12401011	Spermophilus citellus subsp. citellus	Linnaeus 1766	SUBSPECIES		citellus	citellus	Spermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Syst. Nat., 12th ed. vol.1 p.80						
12401012	Spermophilus citellus subsp. gradojevici	Martino 1929	SUBSPECIES		gradojevici	citellus	Spermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401013	Spermophilus citellus subsp. istricus	Calinescu 1934	SUBSPECIES		istricus	citellus	Spermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401014	Spermophilus citellus subsp. martinoi	Peshchev 1955	SUBSPECIES		martinoi	citellus	Spermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401015	Spermophilus columbianus	Ord 1815	SPECIES			columbianus	see comments	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	In Guthrie, New Geogr., Hist., Coml. Grammar, Philadelphia, 2nd ed. vol.2 p.292		albertae  (J. A. Allen, 1903); brachiura (Rafinesque, 1817); erythrogluteia (Richardson, 1829); ruficaudus (A. H. Howell, 1928).	SE British Columbia and W Alberta (Canada) to NE Oregon, C Idaho, and C Montana (USA).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Urocitellus according to Gromov et al. (1965:196), but Hall (1981:381) included Urocitellus in subgenus Spermophilus. Chromosomes described by Nadler et al. (1975a). Reviewed by Elliot and Flinders (1991, Mammalian Species No. 372).	Columbian Ground Squirrel
12401016	Spermophilus columbianus subsp. columbianus	Ord 1815	SUBSPECIES		columbianus	columbianus	see comments	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	In Guthrie, New Geogr., Hist., Coml. Grammar, Philadelphia, 2nd ed. vol.2 p.292						
12401017	Spermophilus columbianus subsp. ruficaudus	A. H. Howell 1928	SUBSPECIES		ruficaudus	columbianus	see comments	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401062	Spermophilus parryii subsp. nebulicola	Osgood 1903	SUBSPECIES		nebulicola	parryii	see comments	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401018	Spermophilus dauricus	Brandt 1843	SPECIES			dauricus	Spermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Bull. Phys. Math. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg vol.2 p.379		mongolicus  (Milne-Edwards, 1867); ramosus (Thomas, 1909); umbratus (Thomas, 1908); yamashinae (Kuroda, 1939).	Transbaikalia (Russia), Mongolia, N China.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Spermophilus (Gromov et al., 1965:244). Corbet (1978c:83) tentatively included alashanicus in this species, but see Orlov and Davaa (1975) who provided evidence of specific distinctness. See comment under alashanicus. Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951:506) included dauricus in citellus; but see Gromov et al. (1965:244) who considered dauricus a distinct species. Molecular sequence data suggest a sister species relationship with xanthoprymnus (Harrison et al., 2003).	Daurian Ground Squirrel
12401019	Spermophilus elegans	Kennicott 1863	SPECIES			elegans	Spermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia p.158		aureus  (Davis, 1939); nevadensis (A. H. Howell, 1928).	NE Nevada, SE Oregon, S Idaho, and SW Montana to C Colorado and W Nebraska (USA).	IUCN  Data Deficient as S. e. nevadensis; otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Spermophilus (Hall, 1981:385). Regarded by A. H. Howell (1938) and Hall (1981:385) as a subspecies of richardsonii; but Nadler et al. (1971a), Robinson and Hoffmann (1975), Koeppl et al. (1978) and Fagerstone (1982) provided evidence of specific distinctness and included aureus and nevadensis in elegans. Sequence data (Harrison et al., 2003) support this. Reviewed by Zegers (1984, Mammalian Species No. 214).	Wyoming Ground Squirrel
12401020	Spermophilus elegans subsp. elegans	Kennicott 1863	SUBSPECIES		elegans	elegans	Spermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia p.158						
12401021	Spermophilus elegans subsp. aureus	Davis 1939	SUBSPECIES		aureus	elegans	Spermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401022	Spermophilus elegans subsp. nevadensis	A. H. Howell 1928	SUBSPECIES		nevadensis	elegans	Spermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401039	Spermophilus lateralis subsp. tescorum	Hollister 1911	SUBSPECIES		tescorum	lateralis	Callospermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401040	Spermophilus lateralis subsp. trepidus	Taylor 1910	SUBSPECIES		trepidus	lateralis	Callospermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401041	Spermophilus lateralis subsp. trinitatus	Merriam 1901	SUBSPECIES		trinitatus	lateralis	Callospermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401042	Spermophilus lateralis subsp. wortmani	J. A. Allen 1895	SUBSPECIES		wortmani	lateralis	Callospermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401023	Spermophilus erythrogenys	Brandt 1841	SPECIES			erythrogenys	see comments	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg p.43		brunnescens  (Belyaev, 1943); heptneri (Vasileva, 1964); ungae (Martino, 1923).	E Kazakhstan, SW Siberia (Russia). Formerly included an isolated population (pallidicauda) in Mongolia and Inner Mongolia (China), which is here given full species status along with brevicauda.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Colobotis according to Gromov et al. (1965:315), but see Hall (1981:381) who included Colobotis in subgenus Spermophilus. Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951:508, 511) regarded brevicauda, intermedius and carruthersi as synonyms of pygmaeus, and pallidicauda as a full species. Sludskii et al. (1969) considered intermedius (= brevicauda) a full species; while Corbet (1978c:84) provisionally included these taxa in major; but see Gromov et al. (1965:315), Vorontsov and Lyapunova (1970), and Nikol'skii (1984) for evidence of specific distinctness from major. The names ungae (Martino, 1923), ilensis (Belyaev, 1945), and heptneri (Vasileva, 1964) are particularly unstable. Ognev (1947) placed ungae in erythrogenys, and omitted ilensis, as did Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1955). Gromov et al. (1965) placed ungae, and the newly described heptner... [truncated]	Red-cheeked Ground Squirrel
12401024	Spermophilus franklinii	Sabine 1822	SPECIES			franklinii	Poliocitellus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol.13 p.587			N Great Plains; Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba (Canada), south to Kansas, Illinois, and Indiana (USA).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Subgenus Poliocitellus (Hall, 1981:397). Molecular sequence data (Harrison et al., 2003) group this species with Xerospermophilus, Ictidomys and Cynomys. Reviewed by Ostroff and Finck (2003, Mammalian Species No. 724).	Franklin's Ground Squirrel
12401025	Spermophilus fulvus	Lichtenstein 1823	SPECIES			fulvus	see comments	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Naturh. Abh. Eversmann's Reise p.119		concolor  (Fischer, 1829); concolor I. Geoffroy, 1831; giganteus (Fischer, 1829); maximus (Pallas, 1778); nanus (Fischer, 1829); hypoleucos (Satunin, 1909); parthianus (Thomas, 1915); oxianus (Thomas, 1915); nigrimontanus (Antipin, 1942).	Kazakhstan, from the Caspian Sea and the Volga River to Lake Balkash; south through Uzbekistan, W Tajikistan and Turkmenistan to NE Iran, and N Afghanistan; W Xinjiang (China).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Colobotis according to Gromov et al. (1965:276), but see Hall (1981:381) who included Colobotis in subgenus Spermophilus. See also major, which may be the sister species to fulvus (Harrison et al., 2003); fulvus occurs sympatrically with major in the southern third of the latters range, where sporadic hybridization occurs south of Saratov (Ermakov, 1996).	Yellow Ground Squirrel
12800230	Thomomys bottae subsp. litoris	Burt 1940	SUBSPECIES		litoris	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12401026	Spermophilus fulvus subsp. fulvus	Lichtenstein 1823	SUBSPECIES		fulvus	fulvus	see comments	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Naturh. Abh. Eversmann's Reise p.119						
12401027	Spermophilus fulvus subsp. hypoleucos	Satunin 1909	SUBSPECIES		hypoleucos	fulvus	see comments	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401028	Spermophilus fulvus subsp. oxianus	Thomas 1915	SUBSPECIES		oxianus	fulvus	see comments	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401029	Spermophilus lateralis	Say 1823	SPECIES			lateralis	Callospermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	In Long, Account Exped. Pittsburgh to Rocky Mtns vol.2 p.46		arizonensis  (V. Bailey, 1913); bernardinus Merriam, 1898; brevicauda Merriam, 1893 [not Brandt, 1843]; castanurus (Merriam, 1890); caryi (A. H. Howell, 1917); certus (Goldman, 1921); chrysodeirus (Merriam, 1890); cinerascens (Merriam, 1890); connectens (A. H. Howell, 1931); mitratus (A. H. Howell, 1931); tescorum (Hollister, 1911); trepidus (Taylor, 1910); trinitatus (Merriam, 1901); wortmani (J. A. Allen, 1895).	Montane W North America, from C British Columbia to S New Mexico in the Rocky Mtns, and the Columbia River south to S California and Nevada.	IUCN  Data Deficient as S. l. wortmani; otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Callospermophilus (Hall, 1981:382-406). Gromov et al. (1965:70;150), in contrast to Hall (1981) considered Callospermophilus a subgenus of the genus Otospermophilus. Reviewed by Bartels and Thompson (1993, Mammalian Species No. 440).	Golden-mantled Ground Squirrel
12401030	Spermophilus lateralis subsp. lateralis	Say 1823	SUBSPECIES		lateralis	lateralis	Callospermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	In Long, Account Exped. Pittsburgh to Rocky Mtns vol.2 p.46						
12401031	Spermophilus lateralis subsp. arizonensis	V. Bailey 1913	SUBSPECIES		arizonensis	lateralis	Callospermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401032	Spermophilus lateralis subsp. bernardinus	Merriam 1898	SUBSPECIES		bernardinus	lateralis	Callospermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401033	Spermophilus lateralis subsp. castanurus	Merriam 1890	SUBSPECIES		castanurus	lateralis	Callospermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401034	Spermophilus lateralis subsp. certus	Goldman 1921	SUBSPECIES		certus	lateralis	Callospermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401035	Spermophilus lateralis subsp. chrysodeirus	Merriam 1890	SUBSPECIES		chrysodeirus	lateralis	Callospermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401054	Spermophilus pallidicauda	Satunin 1903	SPECIES			pallidicauda	Spermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ezhegodnik Zoologicheskii Muzeya, Akademii Nauk, St. Petersburg vol.7 p.5-6			This monotypic species is endemic to Mongolia and the adjacent Nei Mongol Autonomous Region (Inner Mongolia).		Subgenus Spermophilus (Gromov et al., 1965). In addition to constant morphological differences, it also differs in chromosome number and molecular sequence from major and erythrogenys, in which it was previously placed (Corbet, 1978c; Sokolov and Orlov, 1980), having a sister species relationship with alashanicus (Harrison et al., 2003).	Pallid Ground Squirrel
12700086	Dipodomys ordii subsp. luteolus	Goldman 1917	SUBSPECIES		luteolus	ordii		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12401089	Spermophilus spilosoma subsp. pratensis	Merriam 1890	SUBSPECIES		pratensis	spilosoma	Ictidomys	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401044	Spermophilus major	Pallas 1778	SPECIES			major	see comments	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Nova Spec. Quad. Glir. Ord. p.125		argyropuloi  (Bazhanov, 1947); rufescens (Keyserling and Blasius, 1840); selevini (Argyropulo, 1941).	Steppe between Volga and Irtysh rivers (Russia; N Kazakhstan). Formerly, steppe between Don and Volga rivers (Russia; Gromov et al., 1965:291). Reported from Xinjiang (Ma et al., 1987); but probably a misidentified brevicauda.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Colobotis according to Gromov et al. (1965:290), but see Hall (1981:381) who included Colobotis in subgenus Spermophilus. Occasionally hybridizes with brevicauda and fulvus (Denisov, 1963; Nikolskii and Starikov, 1997; Ognev, 1947), and more widely with pygmaeus and suslicus (Ermakov, 1996). Corbet (1978c:84) provisionally included erythrogenys and brevicauda in this species, but Gromov et al. (1965:290) and Vorontsov and Lyapunova (1970) considered erythrogenys a distinct species, and Gromov et al. (1965:315) included brevicauda in erythrogenys; see comment under those species. S. major is geographically cohesive, and allopatrically distributed with respect to brevicauda, and allopatric (Bobrinskii et al., 1965:61) or narrowly sympatric to erythrogenys (Sludskii et al., 1969:162). In contrast, it it genetically unstable, grouping with either brevicauda or <i... [truncated]	Russet Ground Squirrel
12401045	Spermophilus mexicanus	Erxleben 1777	SPECIES			mexicanus	Ictidomys	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Syst. Regn. Anim. vol.1 p.428		parvidens  Mearns, 1896.	S New Mexico and W Texas (USA) to Jalisco and S Puebla (C Mexico).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Ictidomys (Hall, 1981:394). Known to hybridize at several localities with tridecemlineatus (Cothran and Honeycutt, 1984; Cothran et al., 1977). Reviewed by Young and Jones (1982, Mammalian Species No. 164).	Mexican Ground Squirrel
12401046	Spermophilus mexicanus subsp. mexicanus	Erxleben 1777	SUBSPECIES		mexicanus	mexicanus	Ictidomys	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Syst. Regn. Anim. vol.1 p.428						
12401047	Spermophilus mexicanus subsp. parvidens	Mearns 1896	SUBSPECIES		parvidens	mexicanus	Ictidomys	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401048	Spermophilus mohavensis	Merriam 1889	SPECIES			mohavensis	Xerospermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	N. Am. Fauna vol.2 p.15			NW Mohave Desert and Owens Valley (S California, USA).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Subgenus Xerospermophilus; (Hall, 1981:405). Most closely related to S. tereticaudus (Hafner and Yates, 1983); hybridizes at three localities, but the hybrid zone is narrow and stable (Hafner, 1992). Reviewed by Best (1995i, Mammalian Species No. 509).	Mohave Ground Squirrel
13700421	Episoriculus caudatus	Horsfield 1851	SPECIES			caudatus		Episoriculus	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Cat. Mamm. Mus. E. India Co. p.135		gracilicauda  (Anderson, 1877); homourus (Gray, 1863) [nomen nudum]; sacratus (Thomas, 1911); soluensis (Gruber, 1969); umbrinus (G. Allen, 1923).	Kashmir to N Burma and SW China.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Soriculus caudatus.	Includes sacratus and umbrinus as subspecies; see Gruber (1969) and Hoffmann (1985b).	Hodgsons's Brown-toothed Shrew
12401049	Spermophilus mollis	Kennicott 1863	SPECIES			mollis	Spermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.15 p.157		leurodon  (Merriam, 1913); stephensi Merriam, 1898; washoensis (Merriam, 1913); artemesiae (Merriam, 1913); pessimus (Merriam, 1913); idahoensis (Merriam, 1913).	Two disjunct populations: in Washington, N of Yakima, and W of Columbia, rivers; and SE corner of Oregon, Snake River valley (Idaho) southward through Nevada (except extreme S), extreme EC California, and W Utah.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Spermophilus (Hall, 1981:383). Formerly considered a subspecies of townsendii (Hall, 1981:383), but differs chromosomally (Nadler et al., 1984). No hybridization between mollis (2n=38) and adjacent canus (incl. vigilis) (2n=46) has been reported (Rickart et al., 1985:97-98). Reviewed (in part) by Rickart (1987) as S. townsendii; see that account below.	Piute Ground Squirrel
12401050	Spermophilus mollis subsp. mollis	Kennicott 1863	SUBSPECIES		mollis	mollis	Spermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.15 p.157						
12401051	Spermophilus mollis subsp. artemesiae	Merriam 1913	SUBSPECIES		artemesiae	mollis	Spermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401052	Spermophilus mollis subsp. idahoensis	Merriam 1913	SUBSPECIES		idahoensis	mollis	Spermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401053	Spermophilus musicus	Ménétries 1832	SPECIES			musicus	Spermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Cat. Raisonne des Objets de Zoologie, St. Petersbourg p.21		boehmii  (Krassovskii, 1932); magisteri (Heptner, 1948); saturatus (Ognev, 1947) [not Rhoads, 1895]; typicus (Satunin, 1908).	N Caucasus Mtns (Georgia).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Spermophilus (Gromov et al., 1965:249). Regarded by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951:508) and Corbet (1978c:83) as a subspecies of pygmaeus. Gromov et al. (1965:249) and Vorontsov and Lyapunova (1970) provided evidence of specific distinctness. Molecular sequence data place it close to pygmaeus (Harrison et al., 2003).	Caucasian Mountain Ground Squirrel
12401088	Spermophilus spilosoma subsp. pallescens	A. H. Howell 1928	SUBSPECIES		pallescens	spilosoma	Ictidomys	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401055	Spermophilus parryii	Richardson 1825	SPECIES			parryii	see comments	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	In Parry, Voy. discovery Northwest Passage vol.Vol. 6- app. second voy. p.316		phaeognatha  (Richardson, 1829); ablusus (Osgood, 1903); stonei (J. A. Allen, 1903); kennicottii (Ross, 1861); barrowensis Merriam, 1900; beringensis Merriam, 1900; kodiacensis J. A. Allen, 1874; leucostictus Brandt, 1844; buxtoni J. A. Allen, 1903; tschuktschorum (Chernyavskii, 1972); lyratus (Hall and Gilmore, 1932); nebulicola (Osgood, 1903); osgoodi Merriam, 1900; plesius Osgood, 1900; stejnegeri (J. A. Allen, 1903); brunniceps Kittlitz, 1858 [nomen nudum]; coriakorum (Portenko, 1963); janensis (Ognev, 1937).	NW Canada; Alaska (USA); NE Yakutia, Anadyrsk, Krai, and Chukotka (Russia).		Subgenus Urocitellus according to Gromov et al. (1965:184), but see Hall (1981:381) who included Urocitellus in subgenus Spermophilus. Regarded by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951:511) and Hall and Kelson (1959:343) as a synonym of undulatus. Gromov et al. (1965:184) and Nadler et al. (1974) provided evidence of specific distinctness. Reviewed by Chernyavskii (1972), Nadler and Hoffmann (1977), Serdyuk (1979) (Palearctic), and Pearson (1981) (Nearctic). Nikol'skii and Wallschläger (1982) noted differences in alarm calls between Siberian and Alaskan populations.	Arctic Ground Squirrel
12401056	Spermophilus parryii subsp. parryii	Richardson 1825	SUBSPECIES		parryii	parryii	see comments	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	In Parry, Voy. discovery Northwest Passage vol.Vol. 6- app. second voy. p.316						
12401057	Spermophilus parryii subsp. ablusus	Osgood 1903	SUBSPECIES		ablusus	parryii	see comments	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401058	Spermophilus parryii subsp. kennicottii	Ross 1861	SUBSPECIES		kennicottii	parryii	see comments	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401059	Spermophilus parryii subsp. kodiacensis	J. A. Allen 1874	SUBSPECIES		kodiacensis	parryii	see comments	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401060	Spermophilus parryii subsp. leucostictus	Brandt 1844	SUBSPECIES		leucostictus	parryii	see comments	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401061	Spermophilus parryii subsp. lyratus	Hall and Gilmore 1932	SUBSPECIES		lyratus	parryii	see comments	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401063	Spermophilus parryii subsp. osgoodi	Merriam 1900	SUBSPECIES		osgoodi	parryii	see comments	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401064	Spermophilus parryii subsp. plesius	Osgood 1900	SUBSPECIES		plesius	parryii	see comments	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401065	Spermophilus parryii subsp. stejnegeri	J. A. Allen 1903	SUBSPECIES		stejnegeri	parryii	see comments	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401066	Spermophilus perotensis	Merriam 1893	SPECIES			perotensis	Ictidomys	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.8 p.131			Veracruz and Puebla (EC Mexico).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Ictidomys (Hall, 1981:397). Sister species to spilosoma (Harrison et al., 2003). Chromosomes described by Uribe-Alcocer et al. (1979). Reviewed by Best and Ceballos (1995, Mammalian Species No. 507).	Perote Ground Squirrel
12401067	Spermophilus pygmaeus	Pallas 1778	SPECIES			pygmaeus	Spermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Nova Spec. Quad. Glir. Ord. p.122		arenicola (Rall, 1935); binominatus (Ellerman, 1940); ellermani (Harris, 1944); flavescens (Pallas, 1779); orlovi (Ellerman, 1940); pallidus (Orlov and Fenyuk, 1927) [not J. A. Allen, 1874]; planicola (Satunin, 1909); ralli (Heptner, 1948) [for arenicola, Rall; unavailable]; satunini (Sveridenko, 1922); saturatus (Ognev, 1947) [preoccupied, not Rhoads, 1895]; brauneri (Martino, 1914); kalabuchovi (Ognev, 1937); herbicolus (Martino, 1914); atricapilla (Orlov, 1927) [preoccupied; not Bryant, 1889]; herbidus (Martino, 1915) [nomen nudum]; septentrionalis (Obolenskii, 1927); mugosaricus (Lichtenstein, 1823); kazakstanicus (Goodwin, 1935); nikolskii (Heptner, 1934).	SW Ukraine; S Ural Mtns to Crimea (Russia); Kazakhstan; NW Uzbekistan; Dagestan (Georgia).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Spermophilus, see Gromov et al. (1965:257) and comment under musicus. Hybridizes rarely with erythrogenys and fulvus, and more frequently with major and suslicus (Bazhanov 1944; Denisov, 1964); in zone of contact SW of Saratov (Russia) (Denisov and Smirnova, 1976; Ermakov, 1996).	Little Ground Squirrel
12401068	Spermophilus pygmaeus subsp. pygmaeus	Pallas 1778	SUBSPECIES		pygmaeus	pygmaeus	Spermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Nova Spec. Quad. Glir. Ord. p.122						
12401069	Spermophilus pygmaeus subsp. brauneri	Martino 1914	SUBSPECIES		brauneri	pygmaeus	Spermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401070	Spermophilus pygmaeus subsp. herbicolus	Martino 1914	SUBSPECIES		herbicolus	pygmaeus	Spermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12800035	Cratogeomys gymnurus subsp. tellus	Russell 1953	SUBSPECIES		tellus	gymnurus		Cratogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12401072	Spermophilus ralli	Kuznetsov 1948	SPECIES			ralli	Spermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Zveri Kirgizii [Animals of Kirgiziya, Moscow Soc. of Naturalists] p.39			Mountains and valleys surrounding the eastern end of the Issyk-Kul valley, from the Terskii-Alatau in the southeast to the Ketmen Alatau in the northeast. Its range is separated from that of S. relictus, which occupies the western Tien Shan.		This species is usually included in S. relictus as an allopatric subspecies, but molecular sequence data indicate that the two taxa are separate (Harrison et al., 2003). Kuznetsovs name is regarded as having priority over ralli (Heptner, 1948; a replacement name for pygmaeus arenicola; and thus preoccupied), but Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987) indicated that Kuznetsov (1948) might not have been published in May, but later, in July-August, while pygmaeus ralli was published in May, 1948. If so, Kuznetsov, 1948 is preoccupied.	Tien Shan Ground Squirrel
12401073	Spermophilus relictus	Kashkarov 1923	SPECIES			relictus	Spermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Trans. Turk. Sci. Soc. vol.1 p.185			Tien Shan Mtns in Kyrgyzstan and SE Kazakhstan.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Spermophilus (Gromov et al., 1965:198).	Relict Ground Squirrel
12401074	Spermophilus richardsonii	Sabine 1822	SPECIES			richardsonii	Spermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol.13 p.589			N Great Plains in S Alberta, S Saskatchewan, S Manitoba (Canada), Montana (see Swenson, 1981), North Dakota, NE South Dakota, W Minnesota, and NW Iowa (USA).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Spermophilus (Hall, 1981:385). Formerly included elegans; see comment under that species. Reviewed by Michener and Koeppl (1985, Mammalian Species No. 243).	Richardson's Ground Squirrel
12401075	Spermophilus saturatus	Rhoads 1895	SPECIES			saturatus	Callospermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.47 p.43			Cascade Mtns of W Washington (USA) and SW British Columbia (Canada).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Callospermophilus (Hall, 1981:409). Gromov et al. (1965:150) considered Callospermophilus a subgenus of genus Otospermophilus. Reviewed by Trombulak (1988, Mammalian Species No. 322). Molecular sequence data indicate that this species is basal to other Callospermophilus (Harrison et al., 2003).	Cascade Golden-mantled Ground Squirrel
12401095	Spermophilus tereticaudus subsp. tereticaudus	Baird 1858	SUBSPECIES		tereticaudus	tereticaudus	Xerospermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Mammalia, in Repts. U.S. Expl. Surv. vol.8 1 p.315						
12401076	Spermophilus spilosoma	Bennett 1833	SPECIES			spilosoma	Ictidomys	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1833 p.40		altiplanensis  Anderson, 1972; ammophilus Hoffmeister, 1959; annectens Merriam, 1893; bavicorensis Anderson, 1972; cabrerai (Dalquest, 1951); canescens Merriam, 1890; arens V. Bailey, 1902; macrospilotus Merriam, 1890; microspilotus Elliot, 1901; cryptospilotus Merriam, 1890; marginatus V. Bailey, 1902; major Merriam, 1890 [not Pallas, 1778]; obsoletus Kennicott, 1863; oricolus Alvarez, 1962; pallescens (A. H. Howell, 1928); pratensis Merriam, 1890; obsidianus Merriam, 1890.	C Mexico to S Texas, SW South Dakota, and NW Arizona (USA).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Ictidomys (Hall, 1981:395). Reviewed by Streubel and Fitzgerald (1978a, Mammalian Species No. 101). See comment under perotensis. Chromosomes of the race cabrerai described by Uribe-Alcocer et al. (1978).	Spotted Ground Squirrel
12401077	Spermophilus spilosoma subsp. spilosoma	Bennett 1833	SUBSPECIES		spilosoma	spilosoma	Ictidomys	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1833 p.40						
12401078	Spermophilus spilosoma subsp. altiplanensis	Anderson 1972	SUBSPECIES		altiplanensis	spilosoma	Ictidomys	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401079	Spermophilus spilosoma subsp. ammophilus	Hoffmeister 1959	SUBSPECIES		ammophilus	spilosoma	Ictidomys	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401080	Spermophilus spilosoma subsp. annectens	Merriam 1893	SUBSPECIES		annectens	spilosoma	Ictidomys	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401081	Spermophilus spilosoma subsp. bavicorensis	Anderson 1972	SUBSPECIES		bavicorensis	spilosoma	Ictidomys	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401082	Spermophilus spilosoma subsp. cabrerai	Dalquest 1951	SUBSPECIES		cabrerai	spilosoma	Ictidomys	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401083	Spermophilus spilosoma subsp. canescens	Merriam 1890	SUBSPECIES		canescens	spilosoma	Ictidomys	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401084	Spermophilus spilosoma subsp. cryptospilotus	Merriam 1890	SUBSPECIES		cryptospilotus	spilosoma	Ictidomys	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401085	Spermophilus spilosoma subsp. marginatus	V. Bailey 1902	SUBSPECIES		marginatus	spilosoma	Ictidomys	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401086	Spermophilus spilosoma subsp. obsoletus	Kennicott 1863	SUBSPECIES		obsoletus	spilosoma	Ictidomys	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401087	Spermophilus spilosoma subsp. oricolus	Alvarez 1962	SUBSPECIES		oricolus	spilosoma	Ictidomys	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401090	Spermophilus suslicus	Güldenstaedt 1770	SPECIES			suslicus	Spermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Nova Comm. Acad. Sci. Petropoli vol.14 p.389		averini  (Migulin, 1927); meridioccidentalis (Migulin, 1927); odessana Nordmann, 1842; ognevi (Reshetnik, 1946); volhynensis (Reshetnik, 1946); boristhenicus (Pusanov, 1958); guttatus (Pallas, 1770); guttulatus Schinz, 1845; leucopictus (Dondorff, 1792).	Steppes of E and S Europe, including Poland, E Romania, Ukraine north to Oka River and east to the Volga River (Russia).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Subgenus Spermophilus Gromov et al. (1965:212). Reviewed by Corbet (1978c) and Gromov and Erbajeva (1995), who listed only four subspecies. Hybridizes with major west of Kazan (Ermakov, 1996). See also comment under pygmaeus.	Speckled Ground Squirrel
12401091	Spermophilus suslicus subsp. suslicus	Güldenstaedt 1770	SUBSPECIES		suslicus	suslicus	Spermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Nova Comm. Acad. Sci. Petropoli vol.14 p.389						
12401092	Spermophilus suslicus subsp. boristhenicus	Pusanov 1958	SUBSPECIES		boristhenicus	suslicus	Spermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401093	Spermophilus suslicus subsp. guttatus	Pallas 1770	SUBSPECIES		guttatus	suslicus	Spermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401094	Spermophilus tereticaudus	Baird 1858	SPECIES			tereticaudus	Xerospermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Mammalia, in Repts. U.S. Expl. Surv. vol.8 1 p.315		eremonomus  (Elliot, 1904); vociferans (Huey, 1926); apricus (Huey, 1927); chlorus (Elliot, 1904); neglectus Merriam, 1889; arizonae (Grinnell, 1918); sonoriensis Ward, 1891.	Deserts of SE California, S Nevada, W Arizona (USA), NE Baja California and Sonora (Mexico).	U.S. ESA  Candidate taxon as S. t. chlorus; IUCN  Data Deficient as S. t. chlorus, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Xerospermophilus (Hall, 1981:405). Reviewed by Ernest and Mares (1987, Mammalian Species No. 274). See also mohavensis.	Round-tailed Ground Squirrel
12401133	Eutamias	Trouessart 1880	SUBGENUS				Eutamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401096	Spermophilus tereticaudus subsp. apricus	Huey 1927	SUBSPECIES		apricus	tereticaudus	Xerospermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401097	Spermophilus tereticaudus subsp. chlorus	Elliot 1904	SUBSPECIES		chlorus	tereticaudus	Xerospermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401098	Spermophilus tereticaudus subsp. neglectus	Merriam 1889	SUBSPECIES		neglectus	tereticaudus	Xerospermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401099	Spermophilus townsendii	Bachman 1839	SPECIES			townsendii	Spermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.8 p.61		yakimensis  Merriam, 1898; nancyae Nadler, 1968.	SE Washington (USA), S of Yakima River and W and N of Columbia River.	IUCN  Data Deficient.	Subgenus Spermophilus (Hall, 1981:382). Formerly included two cytotypes (mollis, canus) now considered distinct species (Nadler et al., 1984; Vorontsov and Lyapunova, 1970). Reviewed by Rickart (1987, Mammalian Species No. 268).	Townsend's Ground Squirrel
12401100	Spermophilus townsendii subsp. townsendii	Bachman 1839	SUBSPECIES		townsendii	townsendii	Spermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.8 p.61						
12401101	Spermophilus townsendii subsp. nancyae	Nadler 1968	SUBSPECIES		nancyae	townsendii	Spermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401102	Spermophilus tridecemlineatus	Mitchill 1821	SPECIES			tridecemlineatus	Ictidomys	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Med. Repos. (NY), n.s. vol.6 21 p.248		hoodii  (Sabine, 1822); alleni Merriam, 1898; arenicola (A. H. Howell, 1928); blanca Armstrong, 1971; hollisteri (V. Bailey, 1913); monticola (A. H. Howell, 1928); olivaceous J. A. Allen, 1895; pallidus J. A. Allen, 1874; parvus J. A. Allen, 1895; texensis Merriam, 1898; badius Bangs, 1899.	Great Plains, from C Texas to E Utah, Ohio (USA) and SC Canada.	IUCN  Data Deficient as S. t. alleni, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Ictidomys (Hall, 1981:391). Reviewed by Streubel and Fitzgerald (1978b, Mammalian Species No. 103). See also comment under mexicanus.	Thirteen-lined Ground Squirrel
12401103	Spermophilus tridecemlineatus subsp. tridecemlineatus	Mitchill 1821	SUBSPECIES		tridecemlineatus	tridecemlineatus	Ictidomys	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Med. Repos. (NY), n.s. vol.6 21 p.248						
12401104	Spermophilus tridecemlineatus subsp. alleni	Merriam 1898	SUBSPECIES		alleni	tridecemlineatus	Ictidomys	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401105	Spermophilus tridecemlineatus subsp. arenicola	A. H. Howell 1928	SUBSPECIES		arenicola	tridecemlineatus	Ictidomys	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12800118	Orthogeomys grandis subsp. huixtlae	Villa 1944	SUBSPECIES		huixtlae	grandis	Orthogeomys	Orthogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12401106	Spermophilus tridecemlineatus subsp. blanca	Armstrong 1971	SUBSPECIES		blanca	tridecemlineatus	Ictidomys	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401107	Spermophilus tridecemlineatus subsp. hollisteri	V. Bailey 1913	SUBSPECIES		hollisteri	tridecemlineatus	Ictidomys	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401108	Spermophilus tridecemlineatus subsp. monticola	A. H. Howell 1928	SUBSPECIES		monticola	tridecemlineatus	Ictidomys	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401109	Spermophilus tridecemlineatus subsp. olivaceous	J. A. Allen 1895	SUBSPECIES		olivaceous	tridecemlineatus	Ictidomys	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401110	Spermophilus tridecemlineatus subsp. pallidus	J. A. Allen 1874	SUBSPECIES		pallidus	tridecemlineatus	Ictidomys	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401111	Spermophilus tridecemlineatus subsp. parvus	J. A. Allen 1895	SUBSPECIES		parvus	tridecemlineatus	Ictidomys	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401112	Spermophilus tridecemlineatus subsp. texensis	Merriam 1898	SUBSPECIES		texensis	tridecemlineatus	Ictidomys	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401113	Spermophilus undulatus	Pallas 1778	SPECIES			undulatus	see comments	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Nova Spec. Quad. Glir. Ord. p.122		undulatum (Pallas, 1779); altaica (Brandt, 1841); eversmanni (Brandt, 1841); jacutensis (Brandt, 1844); menzbieri (Ognev, 1937); stramineus (Obolenskii, 1927); transbaikalicus (Obolenskii, 1927); intercedens (Ognev, 1937).	E Kazakhstan; S Siberia, Transbaikalia (Russia); N Mongolia; Heilungjiang and Xinjiang (China).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Urocitellus according to Gromov et al. (1965:162), but see Hall (1981:381) who included Urocitellus in subgenus Spermophilus. Formerly included parryii (Hall and Kelson, 1959:343); but see Nadler et al. (1974) and comments under parryii. Chromosomes described by Nadler et al. (1975a).	Long-tailed Ground Squirrel
12401114	Spermophilus undulatus subsp. undulatus	Pallas 1778	SUBSPECIES		undulatus	undulatus	see comments	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Nova Spec. Quad. Glir. Ord. p.122						
12401115	Spermophilus undulatus subsp. altaica	Brandt 1841	SUBSPECIES		altaica	undulatus	see comments	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401116	Spermophilus undulatus subsp. jacutensis	Brandt 1844	SUBSPECIES		jacutensis	undulatus	see comments	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401117	Spermophilus undulatus subsp. menzbieri	Ognev 1937	SUBSPECIES		menzbieri	undulatus	see comments	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401118	Spermophilus undulatus subsp. stramineus	Obolenskii 1927	SUBSPECIES		stramineus	undulatus	see comments	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401119	Spermophilus undulatus subsp. transbaikalicus	Obolenskii 1927	SUBSPECIES		transbaikalicus	undulatus	see comments	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401120	Spermophilus variegatus	Erxleben 1777	SPECIES			variegatus	Otospermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Syst. Regn. Anim. vol.1 p.421		buccatus  (Lichtenstein, 1830); macrourus Bennett, 1833; buckleyi Slack, 1861; couchii Baird, 1855; grammurus (Say, 1823); juglans (V. Bailey, 1913); tiburonensis Jones and Manning, 1989; robustus (Durrant and Hansen, 1954); rupestris (J. A. Allen, 1903); tularosae (Benson, 1932); utah (Merriam, 1903).	S Nevada to SW Texas and Utah (USA) to Puebla (C Mexico).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Otospermophilus (Hall, 1981:399); belongs to variegatus group, which also includes beecheyi and atricapillus (Harrison et al., 2003). Reviewed by Oaks et al. (1987, Mammalian Species No. 272).	Rock Squirrel
12401121	Spermophilus variegatus subsp. variegatus	Erxleben 1777	SUBSPECIES		variegatus	variegatus	Otospermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Syst. Regn. Anim. vol.1 p.421						
12401122	Spermophilus variegatus subsp. buckleyi	Slack 1861	SUBSPECIES		buckleyi	variegatus	Otospermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401123	Spermophilus variegatus subsp. couchii	Baird 1855	SUBSPECIES		couchii	variegatus	Otospermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401124	Spermophilus variegatus subsp. grammurus	Say 1823	SUBSPECIES		grammurus	variegatus	Otospermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401125	Spermophilus variegatus subsp. robustus	Durrant and Hansen 1954	SUBSPECIES		robustus	variegatus	Otospermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401126	Spermophilus variegatus subsp. rupestris	J. A. Allen 1903	SUBSPECIES		rupestris	variegatus	Otospermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401127	Spermophilus variegatus subsp. tularosae	Benson 1932	SUBSPECIES		tularosae	variegatus	Otospermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401128	Spermophilus variegatus subsp. utah	Merriam 1903	SUBSPECIES		utah	variegatus	Otospermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401148	Tamias amoenus subsp. ochraceus	A. H. Howell 1925	SUBSPECIES		ochraceus	amoenus	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401129	Spermophilus washingtoni	A. H. Howell 1938	SPECIES			washingtoni	Spermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	N. Am. Fauna vol.56 p.69		loringi  A. H. Howell, 1938.	SE Washington, NE Oregon (USA).	U.S. ESA  Candidate taxon; IUCN  Vulnerable.	Subgenus Spermophilus (Hall, 1981:384). Current status assessed by Betts (1999). Reviewed by Rickart and Yensen (1991, Mammalian Species No. 371).	Washington Ground Squirrel
12401130	Spermophilus xanthoprymnus	Bennett 1835	SPECIES			xanthoprymnus	Spermophilus	Spermophilus	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1835 p.90		schmidti  (Satunin, 1908).	Transcaucasia (Armenia, possibly Azerbaijan), Turkey, Syria, and Israel.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Spermophilus (Gromov et al. 1965:237). Regarded by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951:506) and Corbet (1978c:83) as a synonym of citellus; but see Vasil'eva (1961), Gromov et al. (1965:237), and Vorontsov and Lyapunova (1970), who provided evidence of specific distinctness. Molecular sequence data suggest that this species may form a clade together with dauricus and suslicus (Harrison et al., 2003). Karyotypes analyzed by Do&#287;ramaci et al. (1994a).	Asia Minor Ground Squirrel
12401131	Tamias	Illiger 1811	GENUS					Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Prodr. Syst. Mamm. Avium. p.83	Sciurus striatus Linnaeus, 1758.	Eutamias  Trouessart, 1880; Neotamias A. H. Howell, 1929.			Tribe Marmotini (Moore, 1959). Nearctic forms revised by A. H. Howell (1929). Sutton (1992) provided a key to the species. Includes Eutamias (sibiricus), Tamias (striatus), and Neotamias as subgenera (Corbet, 1978c:85; Ellerman, 1940:428; Levenson et al., 1985; Nadler et al., 1977). Disagreement exists regarding the status of Eutamias and Neotamias; see White (1953), Ellis and Maxson (1979), Hall (1981:337), Patterson and Heaney (1987), and Jameson (1999). Levenson et al. (1985) found that T. (T.) striatus and T. (E.) sibiricus together formed the primitive sister group to Neotamias species. Piaggio and Spicer (2001) supported this hypothesis. Thus, a single genus, Tamias, may be employed for all chipmunks (Levenson et al., 1985), but two genera (Tamias and Neotamias) could be recognized, or all three could be recognized as genera.	
12401132	Tamias	Illiger 1811	SUBGENUS				Tamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Prodr. Syst. Mamm. Avium. p.83	Sciurus striatus Linnaeus, 1758.					
12401135	Tamias alpinus	Merriam 1893	SPECIES			alpinus	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.8 p.137			Alpine zone in Sierra Nevada, from Tuolumne to Tulare Counties (EC California, USA).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Neotamias. Reviewed by Clawson et al. (1994a, Mammalian Species No. 461).	Alpine Chipmunk
12401136	Tamias amoenus	J. A. Allen 1890	SPECIES			amoenus	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.3 p.90		propinquus  (Anthony, 1913); affinis J. A. Allen, 1890; albiventris (Booth, 1947); canicaudus (Merriam, 1903); caurinus (Merriam, 1898); celeris (Hall and Johnson, 1940); cratericus (Blossom, 1937); felix Rhoads, 1895; ludibundus (Hollister, 1911); luteiventris J. A. Allen, 1890; monoensis (Grinnell and Storer, 1916); ochraceus (A. H. Howell, 1925); septentrionalis (Cowan, 1946); vallicola (A. H. Howell, 1922).	C British Columbia (Canada) south to C California east to C Montana and W Wyoming (USA).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Neotamias. Reviewed by Sutton (1992, Mammalian Species No. 390). DNA variation and introgressive hybridization between T. amoenus and T. ruficaudus reported by Good et al. (2003) and Demboski and Sullivan (2003).	Yellow-pine Chipmunk
12401137	Tamias amoenus subsp. amoenus	J. A. Allen 1890	SUBSPECIES		amoenus	amoenus	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.3 p.90						
12401138	Tamias amoenus subsp. affinis	J. A. Allen 1890	SUBSPECIES		affinis	amoenus	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401139	Tamias amoenus subsp. albiventris	Booth 1947	SUBSPECIES		albiventris	amoenus	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401140	Tamias amoenus subsp. canicaudus	Merriam 1903	SUBSPECIES		canicaudus	amoenus	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401141	Tamias amoenus subsp. caurinus	Merriam 1898	SUBSPECIES		caurinus	amoenus	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401142	Tamias amoenus subsp. celeris	Hall and Johnson 1940	SUBSPECIES		celeris	amoenus	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401143	Tamias amoenus subsp. cratericus	Blossom 1937	SUBSPECIES		cratericus	amoenus	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401144	Tamias amoenus subsp. felix	Rhoads 1895	SUBSPECIES		felix	amoenus	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401145	Tamias amoenus subsp. ludibundus	Hollister 1911	SUBSPECIES		ludibundus	amoenus	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401146	Tamias amoenus subsp. luteiventris	J. A. Allen 1890	SUBSPECIES		luteiventris	amoenus	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401147	Tamias amoenus subsp. monoensis	Grinnell and Storer 1916	SUBSPECIES		monoensis	amoenus	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401149	Tamias amoenus subsp. septentrionalis	Cowan 1946	SUBSPECIES		septentrionalis	amoenus	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401150	Tamias amoenus subsp. vallicola	A. H. Howell 1922	SUBSPECIES		vallicola	amoenus	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401151	Tamias bulleri	J. A. Allen 1889	SPECIES			bulleri	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.2 p.173			Sierra Madre, in S Durango, W Zacatecas, and N Jalisco (Mexico).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Neotamias. Formerly included durangae and solivagus, which were considered incertae sedis by Callahan (1980); see durangae. Reviewed by Bartig et al. (1993, Mammalian Species No. 438).	Buller's Chipmunk
12401152	Tamias canipes	V. Bailey 1902	SPECIES			canipes	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.15 p.117		sacramentoensis  Flaherty, 1960.	Mountains of SE New Mexico and W Texas (USA).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Neotamias. Elevated from subspecies of cinereicollis by Fleharty (1960). Reviewed by Findley et al. (1975:103-112), and by Best et al. (1992, Mammalian Species No. 411).	Gray-footed Chipmunk
12401153	Tamias canipes subsp. canipes	V. Bailey 1902	SUBSPECIES		canipes	canipes	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.15 p.117						
12401154	Tamias canipes subsp. sacramentoensis	Flaherty 1960	SUBSPECIES		sacramentoensis	canipes	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401155	Tamias cinereicollis	J. A. Allen 1890	SPECIES			cinereicollis	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.3 p.94		cinereus  (V. Bailey, 1911).	Mountains of C and E Arizona and C and SW New Mexico (USA).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Neotamias. Reviewed by Hilton and Best (1993, Mammalian Species No. 436).	Gray-collared Chipmunk
12401156	Tamias cinereicollis subsp. cinereicollis	J. A. Allen 1890	SUBSPECIES		cinereicollis	cinereicollis	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.3 p.94						
12401157	Tamias cinereicollis subsp. cinereus	V. Bailey 1911	SUBSPECIES		cinereus	cinereicollis	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401158	Tamias dorsalis	Baird 1855	SPECIES			dorsalis	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.7 p.332		canescens  (J. A. Allen, 1904); carminis (Goldman, 1938); grinnelli (Burt, 1931); nidoensis (Lidicker, 1960); sonoriensis (Callahan and Davis, 1977); utahensis (Merriam, 1897).	E Nevada, S Idaho, Utah, SW Wyoming, and NW Colorado south through Arizona and W New Mexico (USA) to NW Durango, W Coahuila, and coastal Sonora (Mexico).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Neotamias. Reviewed by Callahan and Davis (1977) who included sonoriensis in this species, and by Hart (1992, Mammalian Species No. 399).	Cliff Chipmunk
12401159	Tamias dorsalis subsp. dorsalis	Baird 1855	SUBSPECIES		dorsalis	dorsalis	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.7 p.332						
12401160	Tamias dorsalis subsp. carminis	Goldman 1938	SUBSPECIES		carminis	dorsalis	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401161	Tamias dorsalis subsp. grinnelli	Burt 1931	SUBSPECIES		grinnelli	dorsalis	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401162	Tamias dorsalis subsp. nidoensis	Lidicker 1960	SUBSPECIES		nidoensis	dorsalis	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401163	Tamias dorsalis subsp. sonoriensis	Callahan and Davis 1977	SUBSPECIES		sonoriensis	dorsalis	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401164	Tamias dorsalis subsp. utahensis	Merriam 1897	SUBSPECIES		utahensis	dorsalis	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401165	Tamias durangae	J. A. Allen 1903	SPECIES			durangae	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.19 p.594		nexus  Elliot, 1905; solivagus (A. H. Howell, 1922).	SW Chihuahua to WC Durango; SE Coahuila (Mexico).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Neotamias. Formerly included in bulleri; includes solivagus; perhaps conspecific with canipes; see Callahan (1980), who considered both durangae and solivagus, incertae sedis. Reviewed by Best et al. (1993, Mammalian Species No. 437).	Durango Chipmunk
12401166	Tamias merriami	J. A. Allen 1889	SPECIES			merriami	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.2 p.176		mariposae  (Grinnell and Storer, 1916); kernensis (Grinnell and Storer, 1916); pricei J. A. Allen, 1895.	San Francisco Bay southward in the Coast Range, and south of Columbia (California, USA) in the Sierra Nevada, to extreme N Baja California (Mexico).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Neotamias. Formerly included meridionalis and obscurus; see Callahan (1977). See also comment under obscurus. Reviewed by Best and Granai (1994a, Mammalian Species No. 476), and Larson (1981-1987).	Merriam's Chipmunk
12401205	Tamias senex subsp. senex	J. A. Allen 1890	SUBSPECIES		senex	senex	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.3 p.83						
12401167	Tamias merriami subsp. merriami	J. A. Allen 1889	SUBSPECIES		merriami	merriami	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.2 p.176						
12401168	Tamias merriami subsp. kernensis	Grinnell and Storer 1916	SUBSPECIES		kernensis	merriami	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401169	Tamias merriami subsp. pricei	J. A. Allen 1895	SUBSPECIES		pricei	merriami	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401170	Tamias minimus	Bachman 1839	SPECIES			minimus	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia	J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.8 p.71		atristriatus  (V. Bailey, 1913); borealis J. A. Allen, 1877; cacodemus (Cary, 1906); caniceps (Osgood, 1900); caryi (Merriam, 1908); confinis (A. H. Howell, 1925); consobrinus J. A. Allen, 1890; clarus (V. Bailey, 1918); lectus (J. A. Allen, 1905); grisescens (A. H. Howell, 1925); hudsonius (Anderson and Rand, 1944); neglectus J. A. Allen, 1890; jacksoni (A. H. Howell, 1925); operarius (Merriam, 1905); arizonensis (A. H. Howell, 1922); oreocetes (Merriam, 1897); pallidus J. A. Allen, 1874; pictus J. A. Allen, 1890; melanurus Merriam, 1890; scrutator (Hall and Hatfield, 1934); selkirki (Cowan, 1946); silvaticus (White, 1952).	C Yukon (Canada) south through Sierra Nevada and S New Mexico, east to Michigan (USA) and W Quebec (Canada).	IUCN  Critically Endangered as T. m. atristriatus, Vulnerable as T. m. selkirki, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Neotamias. Southern Rocky Mtn populations revised by Sullivan (1985). Reviewed by Verts and Carraway (2001, Mammalian Species No. 653).	Least Chipmunk
12401171	Tamias minimus subsp. minimus	Bachman 1839	SUBSPECIES		minimus	minimus	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia	J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.8 p.71						
12401172	Tamias minimus subsp. atristriatus	V. Bailey 1913	SUBSPECIES		atristriatus	minimus	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401173	Tamias minimus subsp. borealis	J. A. Allen 1877	SUBSPECIES		borealis	minimus	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401174	Tamias minimus subsp. cacodemus	Cary 1906	SUBSPECIES		cacodemus	minimus	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401175	Tamias minimus subsp. caniceps	Osgood 1900	SUBSPECIES		caniceps	minimus	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401176	Tamias minimus subsp. caryi	Merriam 1908	SUBSPECIES		caryi	minimus	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401177	Tamias minimus subsp. confinis	A. H. Howell 1925	SUBSPECIES		confinis	minimus	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401178	Tamias minimus subsp. consobrinus	J. A. Allen 1890	SUBSPECIES		consobrinus	minimus	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401179	Tamias minimus subsp. grisescens	A. H. Howell 1925	SUBSPECIES		grisescens	minimus	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401180	Tamias minimus subsp. hudsonius	Anderson and Rand 1944	SUBSPECIES		hudsonius	minimus	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401181	Tamias minimus subsp. neglectus	J. A. Allen 1890	SUBSPECIES		neglectus	minimus	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401182	Tamias minimus subsp. operarius	Merriam 1905	SUBSPECIES		operarius	minimus	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401183	Tamias minimus subsp. oreocetes	Merriam 1897	SUBSPECIES		oreocetes	minimus	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401184	Tamias minimus subsp. pallidus	J. A. Allen 1874	SUBSPECIES		pallidus	minimus	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401185	Tamias minimus subsp. pictus	J. A. Allen 1890	SUBSPECIES		pictus	minimus	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401186	Tamias minimus subsp. scrutator	Hall and Hatfield 1934	SUBSPECIES		scrutator	minimus	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401187	Tamias minimus subsp. selkirki	Cowan 1946	SUBSPECIES		selkirki	minimus	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401188	Tamias minimus subsp. silvaticus	White 1952	SUBSPECIES		silvaticus	minimus	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401189	Tamias obscurus	J. A. Allen 1890	SPECIES			obscurus	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.3 p.70		davisi  (Callahan, 1977); meridionalis (Nelson and Goldman, 1909).	S California (San Bernardino Co., USA) to C Baja California (Mexico).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Neotamias. Regarded by A. H. Howell (1929) as a synonym of merriami; but see Callahan (1977) who provided evidence of specific distinctness and included davisi and meridionalis in this species. Reviewed by Best and Granai (1994b, Mammalian Species No. 472).	California Chipmunk
12401206	Tamias senex subsp. pacifica	Sutton and Patterson 2000	SUBSPECIES		pacifica	senex	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401190	Tamias obscurus subsp. obscurus	J. A. Allen 1890	SUBSPECIES		obscurus	obscurus	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.3 p.70						
12401191	Tamias obscurus subsp. davisi	Callahan 1977	SUBSPECIES		davisi	obscurus	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401192	Tamias obscurus subsp. meridionalis	Nelson and Goldman 1909	SUBSPECIES		meridionalis	obscurus	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401193	Tamias ochrogenys	Merriam 1897	SPECIES			ochrogenys	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.11 p.195, 206			Coast of N California from Van Duzen River south to S Sonoma Co. (USA).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Neotamias. Elevated from subspecies of townsendii by Sutton and Nadler (1974); supported by Kain (1985), Sutton (1987), and Gannon and Lawlor (1989). Reviewed by Gannon et al. (1993, Mammalian Species No. 445).	Yellow-cheeked Chipmunk
12401194	Tamias palmeri	Merriam 1897	SPECIES			palmeri	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.11 p.208			Charleston Mtns (S Nevada, USA).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Subgenus Neotamias. Reviewed by Best (1993a, Mammalian Species No. 443).	Palmer's Chipmunk
12401195	Tamias panamintinus	Merriam 1893	SPECIES			panamintinus	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.8 p.134		juniperus  (Burt, 1931); acrus (Johnson, 1943).	Mountains of SE California and SW Nevada (USA).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Neotamias. Reviewed by Best et al. (1994b, Mammalian Species No. 468).	Panamint Chipmunk
12401196	Tamias panamintinus subsp. panamintinus	Merriam 1893	SUBSPECIES		panamintinus	panamintinus	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.8 p.134						
12401197	Tamias panamintinus subsp. acrus	Johnson 1943	SUBSPECIES		acrus	panamintinus	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12800231	Thomomys bottae subsp. lucidus	Hall 1932	SUBSPECIES		lucidus	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12401198	Tamias quadrimaculatus	Gray 1867	SPECIES			quadrimaculatus	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3 vol.20 p.435		macrorhabdotes  Merriam, 1886.	Sierra Nevada of EC California (Plumas to Mariposa cos.); C and adjacent WC Nevada (USA).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Neotamias. Reviewed by Clawson et al. (1994b, Mammalian Species No. 469).	Long-eared Chipmunk
12401199	Tamias quadrivittatus	Say 1823	SPECIES			quadrivittatus	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia	In James, Account Exped. Pittsburgh to Rocky Mtns vol.2 p.45		animosus  (Warren, 1909); australis (Patterson, 1980); gracilis J. A. Allen, 1890.	Mountains of Colorado and E Utah south to NE Arizona and S New Mexico (USA).	IUCN  Vulnerable as T. q. australis, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Neotamias. Formerly included hopiensis, but see Patterson (1984:452), who regarded it a nomen dubium, and rufus, now considered distinct (Patterson, 1984); but see Hoffmeister and Ellis (1979). See also umbrinus. Reviewed by Best et al. (1994a, Mammalian Species No. 466).	Colorado Chipmunk
12401200	Tamias ruficaudus	A. H. Howell 1920	SPECIES			ruficaudus	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.33 p.91		simulans  (A. H. Howell, 1922).	NE Washington to W Montana (USA), and SE British Columbia (Canada).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Neotamias. Patterson and Heaney (1987) presented both cranial and bacular data indicating that simulans may be specifically distinct from ruficaudus, but the nature of contact between the two forms is not known. Reviewed by Best (1993b, Mammalian Species No. 452). Introgressive hybridization with T. amoenus reported in Good et al. (2003).	Red-tailed Chipmunk
12401201	Tamias ruficaudus subsp. ruficaudus	A. H. Howell 1920	SUBSPECIES		ruficaudus	ruficaudus	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.33 p.91						
12401202	Tamias ruficaudus subsp. simulans	A. H. Howell 1922	SUBSPECIES		simulans	ruficaudus	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401203	Tamias rufus	Hoffmeister and Ellis 1979	SPECIES			rufus	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Southwest. Nat. vol.24 p.656			E and S Utah, extreme W Colorado, and NE Arizona, USA.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Neotamias. Formerly included in quadrivittatus, but see Patterson (1984). Reviewed by Burt and Best (1994, Mammalian Species No. 460).	Hopi Chipmunk
12401204	Tamias senex	J. A. Allen 1890	SPECIES			senex	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.3 p.83		pacifica Sutton and Patterson, 2000.	Sierra Nevada of EC California and WC Nevada to N coast of California, and NC Oregon (USA).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Neotamias. Elevated from a subspecies of townsendii by Sutton and Nadler (1974); distinction also suggested by Kain (1985), Sutton (1987), and Gannon and Lawlor (1989). Reviewed by Gannon and Forbes (1995, Mammalian Species No. 502).	Shadow Chipmunk
12800188	Thomomys bottae subsp. catalinae	Goldman 1931	SUBSPECIES		catalinae	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12401207	Tamias sibiricus	Laxmann 1769	SPECIES			sibiricus	Eutamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Sibirische Briefe, Gottingen p.69		altaicus  (Hollister, 1912); asiaticus (Gmelin, 1788); uthensis (Pallas, 1811); jacutensis Ognev, 1935; lineatus (Siebold, 1824); okadae (Kuroda, 1932); ordinalis (Thomas, 1908); albogularis (J. A. Allen, 1909); orientalis Bonhote, 1899; barberi (Johnson and Jones, 1955); pallasi Baird, 1856; striatus (Pallas, 1778) [not Linnaeus, 1758]; senescens (Miller, 1898); intercessor (Thomas, 1908); umbrosus (A. H. Howell, 1927).	N European and Siberian Russia to Sakhalin; S Kurile Isls (Russia); extreme E Kazakhstan to N Mongolia, China, Korea, and Hokkaido (Japan). Introduced into Austria, France, Germany, Holland and Italy (Niethammer and Krapp, 1978).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Eutamias; see Gromov et al. (1965:125). Koh (1994) compared Korean and Manchurian forms. Oshida and Yoshida (1994) described the chromosomes of T. s. lineatus.	Siberian Chipmunk
12401208	Tamias sibiricus subsp. sibiricus	Laxmann 1769	SUBSPECIES		sibiricus	sibiricus	Eutamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Sibirische Briefe, Gottingen p.69						
12401209	Tamias sibiricus subsp. asiaticus	Gmelin 1788	SUBSPECIES		asiaticus	sibiricus	Eutamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401210	Tamias sibiricus subsp. lineatus	Siebold 1824	SUBSPECIES		lineatus	sibiricus	Eutamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401211	Tamias sibiricus subsp. okadae	Kuroda 1932	SUBSPECIES		okadae	sibiricus	Eutamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401212	Tamias sibiricus subsp. ordinalis	Thomas 1908	SUBSPECIES		ordinalis	sibiricus	Eutamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401213	Tamias sibiricus subsp. orientalis	Bonhote 1899	SUBSPECIES		orientalis	sibiricus	Eutamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401214	Tamias sibiricus subsp. pallasi	Baird 1856	SUBSPECIES		pallasi	sibiricus	Eutamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401215	Tamias sibiricus subsp. senescens	Miller 1898	SUBSPECIES		senescens	sibiricus	Eutamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401216	Tamias sibiricus subsp. umbrosus	A. H. Howell 1927	SUBSPECIES		umbrosus	sibiricus	Eutamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401217	Tamias siskiyou	A. H. Howell 1922	SPECIES			siskiyou	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia	J. Mammal. vol.3 p.180		humboldti  Sutton and Patterson, 2000.	Siskiyou Mtns and coast of N California to C Oregon (USA).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Neotamias. Elevated from a subspecies of townsendii by Sutton and Nadler (1974); distinction supported by Kain (1985), Sutton (1987), and Gannon and Lawlor (1989).	Siskiyou Chipmunk
12401218	Tamias siskiyou subsp. siskiyou	A. H. Howell 1922	SUBSPECIES		siskiyou	siskiyou	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia	J. Mammal. vol.3 p.180						
12401219	Tamias siskiyou subsp. humboldti	Sutton and Patterson 2000	SUBSPECIES		humboldti	siskiyou	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401220	Tamias sonomae	Grinnell 1915	SPECIES			sonomae	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Univ. California Publ. Zool. vol.12 p.321		alleni  (A. H. Howell, 1922).	NW California, from San Francisco Bay north to Siskiyou Co. (USA).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Neotamias. Reviewed by Best (1993c, Mammalian Species No. 444).	Sonoma Chipmunk
12401221	Tamias sonomae subsp. sonomae	Grinnell 1915	SUBSPECIES		sonomae	sonomae	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Univ. California Publ. Zool. vol.12 p.321						
12401222	Tamias sonomae subsp. alleni	A. H. Howell 1922	SUBSPECIES		alleni	sonomae	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401223	Tamias speciosus	Merriam 1890	SPECIES			speciosus	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia	In J. A. Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.3 p.86		callipeplus  Merriam, 1893; frater J. A. Allen, 1890; sequoiensis (A. H. Howell, 1922).	USA: Sierra Nevada from Mt. Lassen to San Bernardino Mtns (California); W Nevada.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Neotamias. Reviewed by Best et al. (1994c, Mammalian Species No. 478).	Lodgepole Chipmunk
12401224	Tamias speciosus subsp. speciosus	Merriam 1890	SUBSPECIES		speciosus	speciosus	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia	In J. A. Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.3 p.86						
12401225	Tamias speciosus subsp. callipeplus	Merriam 1893	SUBSPECIES		callipeplus	speciosus	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401226	Tamias speciosus subsp. frater	J. A. Allen 1890	SUBSPECIES		frater	speciosus	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401227	Tamias speciosus subsp. sequoiensis	A. H. Howell 1922	SUBSPECIES		sequoiensis	speciosus	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401228	Tamias striatus	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			striatus	Tamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.64		americanus  Gmelin, 1788; doorsiensis Long, 1971; fisheri A. H. Howell, 1925; griseus Mearns, 1891; lysteri (Richardson, 1829); ohioensis Bole and Moulthrop, 1942; peninsulae Hooper, 1942; pipilans Lowery, 1943; quebecensis Cameron, 1950; rufescens Bole and Moulthrop, 1942; venustus Bangs, 1896.	S Manitoba and Nova Scotia (Canada) to Louisiana, Alabama, and Georgia, east to Atlantic Coast (USA).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Tamias; see Gromov et al. (1965:134). Reviewed by Snyder (1982, Mammalian Species No. 168).	Eastern Chipmunk
12401229	Tamias striatus subsp. striatus	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		striatus	striatus	Tamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.64						
12401230	Tamias striatus subsp. doorsiensis	Long 1971	SUBSPECIES		doorsiensis	striatus	Tamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401231	Tamias striatus subsp. fisheri	A. H. Howell 1925	SUBSPECIES		fisheri	striatus	Tamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401232	Tamias striatus subsp. griseus	Mearns 1891	SUBSPECIES		griseus	striatus	Tamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401233	Tamias striatus subsp. lysteri	Richardson 1829	SUBSPECIES		lysteri	striatus	Tamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401234	Tamias striatus subsp. ohioensis	Bole and Moulthrop 1942	SUBSPECIES		ohioensis	striatus	Tamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401235	Tamias striatus subsp. peninsulae	Hooper 1942	SUBSPECIES		peninsulae	striatus	Tamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401236	Tamias striatus subsp. pipilans	Lowery 1943	SUBSPECIES		pipilans	striatus	Tamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401237	Tamias striatus subsp. quebecensis	Cameron 1950	SUBSPECIES		quebecensis	striatus	Tamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401238	Tamias striatus subsp. rufescens	Bole and Moulthrop 1942	SUBSPECIES		rufescens	striatus	Tamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401239	Tamias striatus subsp. venustus	Bangs 1896	SUBSPECIES		venustus	striatus	Tamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401240	Tamias townsendii	Bachman 1839	SPECIES			townsendii	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia	J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.8 1 p.68		hindei  Gray, 1842; littoralis Elliot, 1903; cooperi Baird, 1855.	SW British Columbia (Canada), W Washington and Oregon to the Rogue River (USA).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Neotamias. Formerly included ochrogenys, siskiyou and senex; see comments under those species. Reviewed by Sutton (1993, Mammalian Species No. 435).	Townsend's Chipmunk
12401241	Tamias townsendii subsp. townsendii	Bachman 1839	SUBSPECIES		townsendii	townsendii	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia	J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.8 1 p.68						
12401242	Tamias townsendii subsp. cooperi	Baird 1855	SUBSPECIES		cooperi	townsendii	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401243	Tamias umbrinus	J. A. Allen 1890	SPECIES			umbrinus	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.3 p.96		adsitus  (J. A. Allen, 1905); fremonti (White, 1953); inyoensis (Merriam, 1897); montanus (White, 1953); nevadensis (Burt, 1931); sedulus (White, 1953).	E California and N Arizona to N Colorado, SE and NW Wyoming, and extreme SW Montana (USA).	IUCN  Critically Endangered as T. u. nevadensis, Data Deficient as T. u. sedulus, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Neotamias. Bergstrom and Hoffmann (1991) found species-specific vocalizations, habitats, and bacular characters in sympatric umbrinus and quadrivittatus, but convergence in electromorphs.	Uinta Chipmunk
12401244	Tamias umbrinus subsp. umbrinus	J. A. Allen 1890	SUBSPECIES		umbrinus	umbrinus	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.3 p.96						
12401245	Tamias umbrinus subsp. adsitus	J. A. Allen 1905	SUBSPECIES		adsitus	umbrinus	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401246	Tamias umbrinus subsp. fremonti	White 1953	SUBSPECIES		fremonti	umbrinus	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401247	Tamias umbrinus subsp. inyoensis	Merriam 1897	SUBSPECIES		inyoensis	umbrinus	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401248	Tamias umbrinus subsp. montanus	White 1953	SUBSPECIES		montanus	umbrinus	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401249	Tamias umbrinus subsp. nevadensis	Burt 1931	SUBSPECIES		nevadensis	umbrinus	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12401250	Tamias umbrinus subsp. sedulus	White 1953	SUBSPECIES		sedulus	umbrinus	Neotamias	Tamias	Sciuridae	Rodentia							
12500001	Gliridae	Muirhead 1819	FAMILY						Gliridae	Rodentia	Mazology [sic]. Pp. 393-480, pls. 353-358, in Edinburgh Encyclopdeia vol.Vol. 13 (D. Brewster, ed) p.433 (see McKenna and Bell, 1997)		Glirini Muirhead, 1819 (Gliridae Thomas, 1896; Gliroidea Simpson, 1945); Leithiidae Lydekker, 1895; Muscardinidae Palmer, 1899; Myoxidae Zimmerman, 1780 (Myosidae Gray, 1821; Myoxina Gray, 1825; Myoxidae Waterhouse, 1839; Myoxini Giebel, 1855; Myoxida Haekel, 1866; Myoxoidea Gill, 1872); Seleviniidae Bashanov and Belosludov, 1939 (see McKenna and Bell, 1997).			<p>Simpson (1945) deemed Myoxidae Gray, 1821 invalid due to the apparent synonymy of the type genus Myoxus Zimmermann, 1790, with Glis Brisson, 1762, and used Gliridae Thomas, 1896. Hopwood (1947) argued that Brissons names are invalid because they are not Linnaean or binomial, and noted that Glis is valid in Erxleben (1777) for marmots, ground-squirrels, voles, and lemmings, rendering Glis Storr, 1780 (which included pedetids, dormice, and other rodents) invalid. Thus the oldest available name to replace Glis Brisson is Myoxus Zimmerman, valid in Linnaeus (1788) for dormice, and, but for the ruling discussed below, the correct family name for dormice would be Myoxidae. Despite this clear historical evidence given in support of recognizing Myoxidae as the valid family name for dormice (see also Wahlert et al., 1993), and despite the willingness of many dormouse experts to employ Myoxidae as the valid family name (Hutterer, 1996; and usage of M... [truncated]	
12700058	Dipodomys microps subsp. centralis	Hall and Dale 1939	SUBSPECIES		centralis	microps		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700014	Dipodomys deserti	Stephens 1887	SPECIES			deserti		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Am. Nat. vol.21 p.42		helleri  Elliot, 1903; aquilus Nader, 1965; arizonae Huey, 1955; sonoriensis Goldman, 1923.	Deserts of E California, to S and W Nevada, SW Utah, W and SC Arizona (USA), NW Sonora and NE Baja California (Mexico).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Revised by Nader (1978). Reviewed by Best et al. (1989, Mammalian Species No. 339). Williams et al. (1993) regard each named form as valid subspecies.	Desert Kangaroo Rat
12500002	Graphiurinae	Winge 1887	SUBFAMILY						Gliridae	Rodentia	E Museu Lundii vol.1 p.109, 123		Graphiurinae Palmer, 1899 (Graphiuridae Miller and Gidley, 1918); see McKenna and Bell, 1997.			Results of Wahlert et al. (1993) identified the Graphiurinae as the earliest or most primitive branch of glirids, a position also supported by Meng (1990) and Yachontov and Potapova (1991). Hartenberger (1994) considered many aspects of graphiurine morphology to be primitive, and postulated that graphiurines may have been in Africa since the Miocene; late Miocene graphiurines are recorded from Namibia (Mein et al., 2000a; Senut et al., 1992) and South Africa (Denys, 1990a). Vianey-Liaud and Jaeger (1996) placed Graphiurus in its own family; they considered Gliridae to be paraphyletic, and hypothesized that Graphiurus is closely related to anomalurids (a position not supported by other published works, see discussion under Gliridae). Daams and de Bruijn (1995) postulated that Graphiurus is a descendant of Eliomys, and included both within their Dryomyinae (along with Dryomys, Glirulus and Chaetocauda). Based on the longitudi... [truncated]	
12500003	Graphiurus	Smuts 1832	GENUS					Graphiurus	Gliridae	Rodentia	Enumer. Mamm. Capensium p.32-33	Sciurus ocularis Smith, 1829.	Aethoglis G. M. Allen, 1936; Claviglis Jentink, 1888; Gliriscus Thomas and Hinton, 1925; Graphidurus Brandt, 1855 [see Ellerman, 1940; Ellerman et al., 1953; McKenna and Bell, 1997; Rosevear, 1969].			<p>Graphiurus has been divided into as many as four separate genera (e.g., G. M. Allen, 1939; Holden, 1996b; Pavlinov and Potapova, 2003): Aethoglis, containing the largest African dormouse, G. nagtglasii (sometimes erroneously including G. monardi); Graphiurus, comprised of G. ocularis, with its reduced, simple premolar; Gliriscus, consisting of the rupicolous G. platyops and G. rupicola, with their flattened skulls; and Claviglis, the so-called "tree dormice", to which the remaining species of Graphiurus were assigned. Two of these, Graphiurus and Claviglis, have often been retained as subgenera (e.g., Ellerman et al., 1953; Rosevear, 1969). No published studies based upon a broad sample of species have addressed the validity of these subgeneric boundaries as used by past authorities or presented hypotheses of relationships among species. However, a phylogenetic study based on cranial an... [truncated]	
12500004	Graphiurus	Smuts 1832	SUBGENUS				Graphiurus	Graphiurus	Gliridae	Rodentia	Enumer. Mamm. Capensium p.32-33	Sciurus ocularis Smith, 1829.				<p>The revision of Graphiurus by Genest-Villard (1978), based mostly on size grades, underestimated species diversity, particularly in the G. murinus group. Subsequently, species limits were defined in reports covering different African regions (e.g., Ansell and Dowsett, 1988; Holden, 1996b; Robbins and Schlitter, 1981) The species recognized below reflect information in the literature, as well as myexamination of museum specimens and preliminary, mostly unpublished multivariate analyses of cranial and dental measurements.</p>	
12500005	Aethoglis	G. M. Allen 1936	SUBGENUS				Aethoglis	Graphiurus	Gliridae	Rodentia							
12500006	Claviglis	Jentink 1888	SUBGENUS				Claviglis	Graphiurus	Gliridae	Rodentia	YES						
12700068	Dipodomys nitratoides subsp. nitratoides	Merriam 1894	SUBSPECIES		nitratoides	nitratoides		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.9 p.112						
12700069	Dipodomys nitratoides subsp. brevinasus	Grinnell 1920	SUBSPECIES		brevinasus	nitratoides		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700070	Dipodomys nitratoides subsp. exilis	Merriam 1894	SUBSPECIES		exilis	nitratoides		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12500007	Graphiurus angolensis	de Winton 1897	SPECIES			angolensis	Graphiurus	Graphiurus	Gliridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag Nat. Hist., ser 6 vol.20 p.320		dasilvai  (Roberts, 1938); parvulus Monard, 1933.	Angola (Hill and Carter, 1941) and NW Zambia (Ansell, 1978).		<p>Subgenus Graphiurus. Following the arrangement of Ellerman et al. (1953), Holden (1993) provisionally assigned dasilvai and parvulus as synonyms of G. platyops. Ansell (1974, 1978) recognized that the NW Zambian population (identified by him as G. platyops parvulus) is morphologically and ecologically different from G. platyops. Based on my study of type specimens and large series of Angolan and Zambian specimens, the Angolan and NW Zambia populations exhibit a distinctive skull morphology that is consistently separable from that of G. platyops and G. rupicola. Ansell (1974, 1978) correctly surmised that these populations are probably phylogenetically aligned with G. microtis.</p><p>Graphiurus angolensis (de Winton, 1897), precedes Graphiurus parvulus Monard, 1932, and is the correct name for these populations. Assigning parvulus as a junior synonym is problematic. In describing parvulus</i... [truncated]	Angolan African Dormouse
12500025	Dryomys laniger	Felten and Storch 1968	SPECIES			laniger		Dryomys	Gliridae	Rodentia	Senckenberg. Biol. vol.49 6 p.429			S Turkey, Toros Daglari (Taurus Mtns) and E Anatolia (Kivanç et al., 1997a; Krystufek and Vohralík, 2001; Obuch, 2001; Spitzenberger, 1976).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Morphology, ecology and distribution reviewed by Rossolimo et al. (2001). Morphology and histology of plantar surface studied by Spitzenberger and Eberl-Rothe (1974). Photographs provided by Felten and Storch (1968). Karyology and phallic morphology given by Kivanç et al. (1997a). Distribution mapped in Kivanç et al. (1997a).	Woolly Forest Dormouse
12500008	Graphiurus christyi	Dollman 1914	SPECIES			christyi	Graphiurus	Graphiurus	Gliridae	Rodentia	Rev. Zool. Afr. vol.4 1 p.80			N Dem. Rep. Congo (Hatt, 1940a; Holden, 1996b; Schlitter et al., 1985), S Cameroon (Holden 1996b; Robbins and Schlitter, 1981).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Graphiurus. Morphological data and comparison with morphologically similar species given by Holden (1996b), Robbins and Schlitter (1981) and Schlitter et al. (1985). Reviewed by Rossolimo et al. (2001) and Holden (In Press). A much needed systematic revision of the G. murinus species group should include careful comparisons with G. christyi, as some E African G. murinus populations (particularly montane) closely resemble that species. See comments under G. murinus.	Christys African Dormouse
12700015	Dipodomys deserti subsp. deserti	Stephens 1887	SUBSPECIES		deserti	deserti		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Am. Nat. vol.21 p.42						
12700016	Dipodomys deserti subsp. aquilus	Nader 1965	SUBSPECIES		aquilus	deserti		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12500009	Graphiurus crassicaudatus	Jentink 1888	SPECIES			crassicaudatus	Claviglis	Graphiurus	Gliridae	Rodentia	Notes Leyden Mus. vol.10 p.41		dorotheae  Dollman, 1912.	West Africa: Liberia (Kuhn, 1965), Côte dIvoire (in Mt Nimba reserve; see Heim de Balsac and Lamotte, 1958), Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon (Robbins and Schlitter, 1981; Schlitter et al., 1985), Gabon, and perhaps Bioko (Eisentraut, 1973). See Rosevear (1969) and Grubb et al. (1998).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Claviglis. Some researchers hypothesized that the morphological similarity between G. crassicaudatus and G. nagtglasii indicates a close phylogenetic relationship between the two species (Holden, 1996b; Rosevear, 1969). Results of Pavlinov and E. G. Potapovas (2003) cladistic analysis of African dormice based on cranial and middle ear characters does not support this conclusion; they showed that characters shared by G. crassicaudatus and G. nagtglasii may be primitive for the genus, and that G. crassicaudatus shares several derived characters with other species of Graphiurus. Additionally, G. nagtglasii and G. crassicaudatus each exhibit a suite of autapomorphies. Reviewed by Rossolimo et al. (2001) and Holden (In Press).	Thick-tailed African Dormouse
12500010	Graphiurus johnstoni	Thomas 1897 "1898"	SPECIES			johnstoni	Graphiurus	Graphiurus	Gliridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1897 p.934			S Malawi (Happold and Happold, 1997a [as G. lorraineus]; Thomas, 1898); limits unknown.		Subgenus Graphiurus. Ansell and Dowsett (1988), Ansell (1989b), and Holden (1993) synonymized johnstoni under G. kelleni. My recent reexamination and comparisons of museum specimens (including all holotypes), and preliminary unpublished multivariate analyses indicate that G. johnstoni represents a species distinct from, but morphologically closely related to, G. lorraineus, not G. kelleni (before my analyses were completed, I identified a specimen of G. johnstoni as G. lorraineus in Happold and Happold, 1997a, 1998). Few specimens exist that can be attributed to G. johnstoni. If future research using larger samples of G. johnstoni indicates that G. johnstoni and G. lorraineus are conspecific, the latter would be a junior synonym of G. johnstoni (see account of G. lorraineus). Holden (In press) reviewed G. johnstoni as a species pending additional study. S... [truncated]	Johnstons African Dormouse
12500024	Dryomys	Thomas 1905 "1906"	GENUS					Dryomys	Gliridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1905 2 p.348	Mus nitedula Pallas, 1778.	Afrodryomys  Jaeger, 1975 [see Daams and de Bruijn, 1995; Rossolimo et al., 2001]; Dyromys Thomas, 1907 [see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; McKenna and Bell, 1997; and footnote in Simpson, 1945]; Elius Schulze, 1900 [excluding glis].			Evolutionary patterns of dental morphology during Pliocene and Pleistocene discussed by Nadachowski and Daoud (1995). Comparative vocalization data reviewed by Hutterer and Peters (2001). It is generally (but not universally) accepted that Eliomys is the closest living relative of Dryomys (see comments under Subfamily Leithiinae and references therein). However, phylogenetic analyses of nuclear DNA fragments and mitochondrial 12S rRNA sequences clearly identified Dryomys as sister to Eliomys (Montgelard et al., 2003).	
13500043	Ochotona hyperborea subsp. yesoensis	Kishida 1930	SUBSPECIES		yesoensis	hyperborea	Pika	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha							
12500011	Graphiurus kelleni	Reuvens 1890	SPECIES			kelleni	Graphiurus	Graphiurus	Gliridae	Rodentia	Notes Leyden Mus. vol.13 p.74		ansorgei  Dollman, 1912; brockmani Dollman, 1910; cuanzensis (Hill and Carter, 1937); dollmani Osgood, 1910; foxi Dollman, 1914; internus Dollman, 1912; nanus (De Winton, 1896); olga (Thomas, 1925); parvus (True, 1893); personatus Heller, 1911; tasmani (Roberts, 1929).	Savannahs of SubSaharan Africa, excluding Namibia, Botswana, and South Africa, but including: Senegal (Hubert et al., 1973, as G. murinus), The Gambia, Sierra Leone, Côte dIvoire, Ghana, Togo, Benin, ? Burkina Faso (Gautun et al., 1985, as G. murinus), Nigeria, Mali, Niger (Dobigny et al., 2002b), Sudan, N Dem. Rep. Congo (Verschuren, 1987Parc National de la Garamba, as G. lorraineus), N Uganda (Heller, 1911, as G. personatus; Hollister, 1919, as G. personatus), Kenya (Hollister, 1919), Ethiopia (Yalden et al., 1996), Somalia, Tanzania (Stanley et al., 2002; Swynnerton and Hayman, 1951), Malawi (Ansell and Dowsett, 1988), Mozambique, Angola (Hayman, 1963b; Hill and Carter, 1941), Zambia (Ansell, 1978, as G. johnstoni) and Zimbabwe. In W Africa see Grubb et al. (1998) and Rosevear (1969).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as G. kelleni, G. olga, and G. parvus.	<p>Subgenus Graphiurus. Schlitter et al. (1985) discussed taxonomic problems associated with the small dormice occurring in savannah woodlands of West, East, and Southern Africa. Holden (1993) provisionally recognized three species: G. kelleni, G. olga and G. parvus. My recent comparisons of museum specimens, including holotypes of all the synonyms listed, and results of preliminary multivariate analyses indicate that only one species of small-bodied African savannah dormouse can be diagnosed solely on the basis of cranial morphology: Analyses showed that olga is morphologically indistinguishable from West and East African parvus, and Angolan and Zambian kelleni cannot be discriminated on the basis of morphometric characters from samples of populations that include parvus and olga.</p><p>Gautun et al. (1985) reported G. murinus from the vicinity of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, but based on the distributions and habitat... [truncated]	Kellens African Dormouse
12500012	Graphiurus lorraineus	Dollman 1910	SPECIES			lorraineus	Graphiurus	Graphiurus	Gliridae	Rodentia	Ann.  Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.5 p.285		haedulus  Dollman, 1912; spurrelli Dollman, 1912.	W and C Africa: Sierra Leone, Guinea, Liberia (Kuhn, 1965), Côte dIvoire (Aellen, 1965; Mt Nimba Reserve see Heim de Balsac and Lamotte, 1958), Ghana (Decher and Bahian, 1999), Nigeria (Happold, 1987), Cameroon (Eisentraut, 1973; Robbins and Schlitter, 1981; Schlitter et al., 1985), Central African Republic, Bioko (Eisentraut, 1973), Gabon, Republic of Congo (Dowsett and Granjon, 1991), N Angola (Hayman, 1963b), Dem. Rep. Congo (Hatt, 1940a; Petter, 1967a; Verheyen and Verschuren, 1966), and N Zambia (Ansell, 1978). See Grubb et al. (1998) and Rosevear (1969) for W Africa reviews.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>Subgenus Graphiurus. Schlitter et al. (1985) discussed The Gambia specimens (identified by them as G. lorraineus) and their possible synonymy with G. coupeii (Cuvier, 1822) described from Senegal. Following Schlitter et al. (1985), Holden (1993) tentatively included "perhaps Gambia" in the distribution of G. lorraineus, but the Gambia specimens have been reidentified as G. kelleni (cf. parvus) (Grubb et al., 1998). I examined the holotype of coupeii (in MNHN), a stuffed skin mounted in live pose, and it appears too large for G. kelleni, unless the skin was overstuffed. The specimen resembles West African populations of G. lorraineus, but G. crassicaudatus cannot be ruled out because distinguishing these two species is difficult using only skin characters. Accurate identification to species is elusive using only the skin, but samples taken the holotype for molecular analyses might allow identification.</p><p>Hubert... [truncated]	Lorraines African Dormouse
12500013	Graphiurus microtis	Noack 1887	SPECIES			microtis	Graphiurus	Graphiurus	Gliridae	Rodentia	Zool. Jahrb. vol.2 p.248		albolineata  (Frechkop, 1947); butleri Dollman, 1912; etoschae (Roberts, 1938); griselda Schwann, 1906; littoralis (Roberts, 1929); marrensis Setzer, 1956; ? orobinus (Wagner, 1845); pretoriae Roberts, 1913; schneideri (Roberts, 1938); smithii (Thomas, 1893); streeteri Roberts, 1913; sudanensis Setzer, 1953; tzaneenensis Roberts, 1913; vandami (Roberts, 1929); woosnami Dollman, 1910.	SubSaharan Africa excluding West Africa: Chad, Sudan (Setzer, 1956), Ethiopia (Corbet and Yalden, 1972; Yalden et al., 1996), Uganda (Delany, 1975), Rwanda (Geider and Kock, 1991; Misonne, 1965b; Monfort, 1992; Verschuren, 1987Parc National de lAkagera, as G. murinus), Kenya, Tanzania (Hatt, 1940b; Swynnerton and Hayman, 1951), Mozambique (Smithers and Lobão Tello, 1976), Malawi (Ansell and Dowsett, 1988 ), S Dem. Rep. Congo (Verschuren, 1987Parc National de lUpemba, as G. murinus), Zambia (Ansell, 1978), Botswana (Smithers, 1971), Namibia, Zimbabwe (Smithers and Wilson, 1979) and South Africa (Lynch, 1983, 1989, 1994; Rautenbach, 1982; Roberts, 1951; Taylor, 1998; Taylor et al., 1994a, as G. cf. murinus) (for Southern Africa see de Graaff, 1981; Smithers, 1983). In some of these regional works, G. microtis is included in G. murinus; thus the mapped localities and natural history data are a composite for both species.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>Subgenus Graphiurus. In concordance with Ansell (1989b) and Ansell and Dowsett (1988), G. microtis is recognized as a species distinct from G. murinus. Holden (1993) did not attempt to separate the synonyms associated with G. murinus and G. microtis. My improved provisional arrangement here results from further examination of specimens, data and preliminary multivariate analyses, but is no substitute for a much needed careful revision of the G. microtis and G. murinus species groups. Graphiurus microtis is a grade of savannah African dormouse; significant geographic variation exists, and it is likely that at least two species are contained within G. microtis as understood here.</p><p>I examined the holotype of orobinus and concluded that it could conceivably be parvus, but most likely represents G. microtis. If so, orobinus would have priority over microtis and be the correct nam... [truncated]	Large Savanna African Dormouse
12700017	Dipodomys deserti subsp. arizonae	Huey 1955	SUBSPECIES		arizonae	deserti		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700018	Dipodomys deserti subsp. sonoriensis	Goldman 1923	SUBSPECIES		sonoriensis	deserti		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700092	Dipodomys ordii subsp. obscurus	J. A. Allen 1903	SUBSPECIES		obscurus	ordii		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700093	Dipodomys ordii subsp. oklahomae	Trowbridge and Whitaker 1940	SUBSPECIES		oklahomae	ordii		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12500014	Graphiurus monardi	St. Leger 1936	SPECIES			monardi	Graphiurus	Graphiurus	Gliridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 10 vol.17 p.465		schoutedeni  Frechkop, 1947 [see Ansell, 1989].	NE Angola (Hayman, 1963b), NW Zambia (Ansell, 1978), and S Dem. Rep. Congo; limits unknown.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Graphiurus. G. M. Allen (1939) listed monardi as a subspecies of G. hueti (=nagtglasii; see that account), an arrangement followed by Genest-Villard (1978). Ellerman et al. (1953) correctly stated that monardi has no close affinity with G. hueti and provided a detailed description and comparison of cranial and external characters, which I was able to verify, that clearly distinguish the two. Schouteden (1948) listed a specimen of G. ocularis from Dilolo, Dem. Rep. Congo. I examined the Dilolo specimens (in MRAC). Although certainly not representative of G. ocularis, these individuals are difficult to identify. Their pelage is similar to that of G. rupicola, yet the skulls resemble G. monardi. Photographs of live animal given by Hayman (1963b). Reviewed by Rossolimo et al. (2001) and Holden (In Press).	Monards African Dormouse
12700006	Dipodomys agilis subsp. perplexus	Merriam 1907	SUBSPECIES		perplexus	agilis		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia						See comments under species.	
12700007	Dipodomys californicus	Merriam 1890	SPECIES			californicus		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	N. Am. Fauna vol.4 p.49		gabrielsoni  Goldman, 1925; pallidulus Bangs, 1899; trinitatus Kellogg, 1916; eximius Grinnell, 1919; saxatilis Grinnell and Linsdale, 1929.	SC Oregon, NW Nevada (Stangl et al., 1999), and N California to north of San Francisco Bay (USA).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Considered distinct from heermanni based on chromosomal (Fashing, 1973) and biochemical data (Patton et al., 1976). Hall (1981:578) listed californicus as a subspecies of heermanni, without discussion of Patton et al. (1976). Reviewed by Kelt (1988b, Mammalian Species No. 324). Williams et al. (1993) regarded eximius Grinnell and saxatilis Grinnell and Linsdale as valid subspecies.	California Kangaroo Rat
12500015	Graphiurus murinus	Desmarest 1822	SPECIES			murinus	Graphiurus	Graphiurus	Gliridae	Rodentia	Mammalogie, in Encyclop. Méth. vol.2 (Suppl.) p.542		alticola  (Roberts, 1929); cineraceus (R&#369;ppell, 1842); cinerascens (Schinz, 1845); collaris (Allen and Loveridge, 1933); erythrobronchus (Smith, 1829); griseus G. M. Allen, 1912; isolatus Heller, 1912; lalandianus (Schinz, 1825); johnstoni Heller, 1912 [not Thomas, 1898]; raptor Dollman, 1910; saturatus Dollman, 1910; selindensis (Roberts, 1937); soleatus Thomas and Wroughton, 1910; ? subrufus (Neumann, 1900); vulcanicus Lönnberg and Gyldenstolpe, 1925; zuluensis (Roberts, 1931).	C, E and Southern Africa: E Dem. Rep. Congo (Rahm and Christiaensen, 1963; Verschuren, 1987Parc National des Virunga), Uganda (Clausnitzer and Kityo, 2001; Delany, 1975), Rwanda (Monfort, 1992), Burundi, Ethiopia (Corbet and Yalden, 1972; Yalden et al., 1996), Kenya (Hollister, 1919), Tanzania (Grimshaw et al., 1995; Stanley et al., 1998, 2000; Swynnerton and Hayman, 1951), Malawi (Ansell and Dowsett, 1988), Mozambique (Smithers and Lobão Tello, 1976), Zambia (Ansell, 1974, as Graphiurus sp.; 1978), Zimbabwe (Smithers and Wilson, 1979), South Africa (Krytufek et al., 2004a; Lynch 1989; Rautenbach, 1982; Roberts, 1951; Taylor, 1998) (for Southern Africa see de Graaff, 1981; Smithers, 1983). In some of these regional works, G. microtis is included in G. murinus; thus the mapped localities and natural history data are a composite for both species.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>Subgenus Graphiurus. The synonyms included here under G. murinus represent populations inhabiting forests (predominantly on plateaus and mountains) in C, E and Southern Africa. As with the G. microtis group, significant variation in pelage color and skull morphology exists among populations of the G. murinus group, and it is likely that more than one species comprises this group. The selindensis and collaris populations are distinctive, as are populations from Rwanda and Burundi, and several populations from South Africa. Three different karyotypes were found in the G. murinus species group in Southern Africa (Dippenaar et al., 1983).  Furthermore, Krytufek et al. (2004a) reported that two South African samples, one from lowland riverine forest and the other from Afromontane forest, had the same karyotypes but could be clearly separated by discriminant function analyses of cranial and dental measurements. These studies provide... [truncated]	Forest African Dormouse
12500016	Graphiurus nagtglasii	Jentink 1888	SPECIES			nagtglasii	Aethoglis	Graphiurus	Gliridae	Rodentia	Notes Leyden Mus. vol.10 p.38-39		argenteus (G. M. Allen, 1936); hueti de Rochebrune, 1883 [see G. M. Allen, 1939, and Grubb and Ansell, 1996].	West Africa: Sierra Leone, Liberia (Coe, 1975; Kuhn, 1965), SE Guinea, Côte dIvoire (Aellen, 1965; Heim de Balsac and Lamotte, 1958), Ghana (Jeffrey, 1973), Togo, Nigeria (Happold, 1987), Cameroon (Robbins and Schlitter, 1981; Schlitter et al., 1985), Central African Republic, and Gabon. For West Africa reviews see Rosevear (1969) and Grubb et al. (1998).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as G. hueti.	Subgenus Aethoglis. Does not include monardi (see that account). Grubb and Ansell (1996) recommended applying the name G. nagtglasii to the large West African dormouse traditionally known as G. hueti de Rochebrune. Their argument is supported by the dubious nature of the type locality of G. hueti given by de Rochebrune (1883), the lack of an available or likely holotype for G. hueti and existence of a holotype for nagtglasii, and because the animal used by de Rochebrune as a model to figure G. hueti is probably from Gabon, not Senegal (the type locality of G. hueti). Despite de Rochebrunes (1883) claims, the occurrence of Nagtglas Dormouse in Senegal and The Gambia has never been substantiated (Grubb and Ansell, 1996). Karyotype of Côte dIvoire specimen given by Tranier and Dosso (1979). Reviewed by Rossolimo et al. (2001) and Holden (In Press). See comments under G. crassicaudatus. For synonyms see G. M. Allen (1... [truncated]	Nagtglas African Dormouse
12500017	Graphiurus ocularis	Smith 1829	SPECIES			ocularis	Graphiurus	Graphiurus	Gliridae	Rodentia	Zool. J. vol.4 p.439		capensis  (Cuvier, 1829); elegans Ogilby, 1838; typicus Smith, 1834.	South Africa, Eastern, Northern and Western Cape Provinces (Channing, 1984; de Graaff, 1991; Roberts, 1951; Smithers, 1983).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Graphiurus. Other historical distributional records for G. ocularis are questionable. Lorenz (1894) recorded a specimen from Linokana (Dinokana), northwest of Zeerust, North West Province, although no other specimen has ever been taken from this region (see Rautenbach, 1982). The Linokana specimen is missing from the Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, where most of the Lorenz collection is housed (B. Herzig, pers.comm.), so unfortunately the historical occurrence of the Spectacled African Dormouse as far north as the Zeerust region cannot be verified; possibly the specimen represented either G. platyops or G. microtis and was misidentified as G. ocularis. An example of G. ocularis recorded from Damaraland, Namibia (type specimen of G. elegans) may have come from Namaqualand, South Africa; the occurrence of G. ocularis north of the Orange River is doubtful (see Thomas, 1926e for discussion). Though Roberts (1951) and El... [truncated]	Spectacled African Dormouse
12500026	Dryomys niethammeri	Holden 1996	SPECIES			niethammeri		Dryomys	Gliridae	Rodentia	Bonn. Zool. Bieträge vol.46 1-4 p.116			Pakistan, NE Baluchistan; limits unknown.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Known only from three specimens, although an additional five specimens may exist in the collections of the Pakistan Agricultural Research Council (T. J. Roberts, A. Mian, pers. comm.). Though D. niethammeri is larger than D. laniger, and differs in other proportions, both species have relatively inflated auditory bullae, a character that may be convergent (Holden, 1996a). Reviewed by Rossolimo et al. (2001). A much needed critical revision of D. nitedula should include phylogenetic comparisons with D. laniger and D. niethammeri to elucidate intrageneric relationships (see Holden, 1996a).	Niethammers Forest Dormouse
12700061	Dipodomys microps subsp. levipes	Merriam 1904	SUBSPECIES		levipes	microps		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700062	Dipodomys microps subsp. occidentalis	Hall and Dale 1939	SUBSPECIES		occidentalis	microps		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700008	Dipodomys californicus subsp. californicus	Merriam 1890	SUBSPECIES		californicus	californicus		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	N. Am. Fauna vol.4 p.49					See comments under species.	
12700009	Dipodomys californicus subsp. eximius	Grinnell 1919	SUBSPECIES		eximius	californicus		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia						See comments under species.	
12700010	Dipodomys californicus subsp. saxatilis	Grinnell and Linsdale 1929	SUBSPECIES		saxatilis	californicus		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia						See comments under species.	
12700057	Dipodomys microps subsp. celsus	Goldman 1924	SUBSPECIES		celsus	microps		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700103	Dipodomys ordii subsp. utahensis	Merriam 1904	SUBSPECIES		utahensis	ordii		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12500018	Graphiurus platyops	Thomas 1897	SPECIES			platyops	Graphiurus	Graphiurus	Gliridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.19 p.388		eastwoodae  Roberts, 1913; jordani Roberts, 1929.	Eastern and E Southern Africa: Malawi (Ansell and Dowsett, 1988), E Zambia (Ansell, 1978), Zimbabwe (Smithers and Wilson, 1979), Botswana (Smithers, 1971), Mozambique (Smithers and Lobão Tello, 1976) and South Africa (de Graaff, 1981; Rautenbach, 1982; Roberts, 1951; Smithers, 1983).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Graphiurus. Does not include angolensis, dasilvai or parvulus (see comments under G. angolensis and G. rupicola). Previously thought to occur in C Botswana (De Graaff 1981), but my measurements of that specimen are well outside the range of G. platyops, and are concordant with those of Southern African populations of G. microtis. A specimen in the Amathole (formerly Kaffrarian) Museum, King Williams Town, is labeled as the holotype of "Gliriscus angolensis albicaudatus Roberts". Apparently the name albicaudatus was never formally published (F. Kigozi, pers. comm.). Possibly A. Roberts labeled the specimen with the intention of describing it (the specimen was originally part of the Albany Museum collection). The specimen represents G. platyops, and is from Isoka, Zambia, the type locality of G. platyops jordani Roberts. Reviewed by Rossolimo et al. (2001) and Holden (In Press).	Flat-headed African Dormouse
12500019	Graphiurus rupicola	Thomas and Hinton 1925	SPECIES			rupicola	Graphiurus	Graphiurus	Gliridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1925 p.232		australis  (Shortridge and Carter, 1938); kaokoensis (Roberts, 1938); montosus (Thomas and Hinton, 1925).	Angola (M. E. Holden, unpubl.), Namibia (Thomas and Hinton, 1925) and NW South Africa (Shortridge and Carter, 1938), in a narrow strip from Mt Soque, Angola, south to Port Nolloth and Eenriet in Little Namaqualand, South Africa (see also Roberts, 1951).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Graphiurus. Ellerman et al. (1953) and Genest-Villard (1978) listed rupicola as a subspecies of G. platyops, but Roberts (1951) recognized it as a distinct species, a position followed here based on my study of museum specimens, including holotypes. The northern distributional limit for G. rupicola was previously thought to be Kamanjab, Namibia, but I found two specimens from Mt Soque, Angola (in FMNH) that represent G. rupicola. Reviewed by Rossolimo et al. (2001) and Holden (In Press). See comments under G. monardi regarding enigmatic specimens from Dilolo, Dem. Rep. Congo.	Rupicolous African Dormouse
12500020	Graphiurus surdus	Dollman 1912	SPECIES			surdus	Graphiurus	Graphiurus	Gliridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.9 p.314		schwabi  G. M. Allen, 1912 [see Holden, 1996b].	WC and C Africa: Southern Cameroon south to Equatorial Guinea and Gabon, and NE and SC Dem. Rep. Congo (Holden, 1996b).	IUCN  Data Deficient.	Subgenus Graphiurus. Morphological revision and comparisons with similar species contributed by Holden (1996b). Reviewed by Rossolimo et al. (2001) and Holden (In Press).	Short-eared African Dormouse
12500021	Leithiinae	Lydekker 1895 "1896"	SUBFAMILY						Gliridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1895 p.862		Dryomyinae de Bruijn, 1967; Leithiinae Trouessart, 1897; Muscardininae Palmer, 1904; Myomiminae Daams, 1981; Seleviniidae Bashanov and Belosludov, 1939 (Seleviniinae Ognev, 1947); see McKenna and Bell (1997).			<p>Lydekker (1895) proposed Leithiidae to separate the giant Pleistocene dormouse of Malta from other glirids, and Leithia for the type genus. Major (1899) argued that Leithia was in fact a glirid, and Leithiidae a junior synonym of Gliridae. De Bruijn (1967) proposed Dryomyinae, which included Leithia, Dryomys, Eliomys, and other genera. The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1999:45) mandates that when a nominal taxon is lowered in rank in the family group, its type genus remains the same. Because Dryomyinae de Bruijn contains Leithia, the correct name for the subfamily is Leithiinae. The results of the phylogenetic analysis by Wahlert et al. (1993) indicated that the genera listed below [excluding Chaetocauda, which was not available for study] form a monophyletic group composed of two tribes: Leithiini (Dryomys and Eliomys) and Seleviniini (Myomimus and Selevinia).</p><p>Daams and de Brui... [truncated]	
12500022	Chaetocauda	Wang 1985	GENUS					Chaetocauda	Gliridae	Rodentia	Acta Theriol. Sinica vol.5 1 p.67	Chaetocauda sichuanensis Wang, 1985.				Holden (1993) formerly arranged C. sichuanensis as a species of Dryomys, based on shape and other morphological characters. Although Chaetocauda resembles Myomimus in some features of the skull, other cranial characters resemble those found in Dryomys (particularly D. niethammeri); additionally, the continuous endoloph on the upper molars supports its inclusion in Leithiinae. Because there is so little information regarding this animal, the genus should be recognized until its relationship with other dormouse genera, particularly leithiines, can be analyzed. Wang (1985) considered Chaetocauda a close relative of Myomimus, and placed it within Myomiminae. Based on the presence of a continuous endoloph on the upper molars, Rossolimo (2001) tentatively placed Chaetocauda in Leithiinae, along with Dryomys and Eliomys. The same character served as the basis for Daams and de Bruijns (1995) arrangement, in which the... [truncated]	
12500023	Chaetocauda sichuanensis	Wang 1985	SPECIES			sichuanensis		Chaetocauda	Gliridae	Rodentia	Acta Theriol. Sinica vol.5 1 p.67			Known only from the type locality, a subalpine deciduous and coniferous forest in the Sichuan highlands; limits unknown.	IUCN  Endangered as Dryomys sichuanensis.	Reviewed by Rossolimo et al. (2001); see also Vorontsov (1986) and Wang (2003).	Sichuan Dormouse
13700422	Episoriculus caudatus subsp. caudatus	Horsfield 1851	SUBSPECIES		caudatus	caudatus		Episoriculus	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Cat. Mamm. Mus. E. India Co. p.135						
13700423	Episoriculus caudatus subsp. sacratus	Thomas 1911	SUBSPECIES		sacratus	caudatus		Episoriculus	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700424	Episoriculus caudatus subsp. umbrinus	G. Allen 1923	SUBSPECIES		umbrinus	caudatus		Episoriculus	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
12700123	Dipodomys spectabilis subsp. perblandus	Goldman 1933	SUBSPECIES		perblandus	spectabilis		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12500027	Dryomys nitedula	Pallas 1778	SPECIES			nitedula		Dryomys	Gliridae	Rodentia	Nova Spec. Quad. Glir. Ord. p.88		angelus  (Thomas, 1906); aspromontis Lehmann, 1963; bilkjewiczi Ognev and Heptner, 1928; carpathicus Brohmer, 1927; caucasicus Ognev and Turov, 1935; daghestanicus Ognev and Turov, 1935; diamesus Lehmann, 1959; dryas (Schreber, 1782); intermedius (Nehring, 1902); kurdistanicus Ognev and Turov, 1935; milleri Thomas, 1912; obolenskii Ognev and Worobiev, 1923; ognevi Heptner and Formozov, 1928; pallidus Ognev and Turov, 1935; phrygius Thomas, 1907; pictus (Blanford, 1875); ravijojla Paspalev et al., 1952; robustus Miller, 1910; saxatilis Rosanov, 1935; tanaiticus Ognev and Turov, 1935; tichomirowi Satunin, 1920; wingei (Nehring, 1902); see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) and Corbet (1978c).	Europe, the Middle East and C Asia: SE Germany (Faltin, 1988), Switzerland (Catzeflis, 1995b), Austria (Niethammer, 1960; Spitzenberger, 1983; Spitzenberger et al., 1995), Czech Republic and Slovakia (And&#277;ra, 1987, 1995; Kratochvíl, 1967; Obuch, 1998), Poland (Daoud, 1989; Jurczyszyn and Wolk, 1998; Kosior, 1996; Nowakowski, 2000; Nowakowski and Boratynski, 2001; Pucek, 1983b); Ukraine (Bezrodny, 1991) and Belorus (Serñanin, 1961) north to Lithuania (Balciauskas, 1996; Juskaitis, 1995a) and Latvia (Pil~ts, 1995), Russia east to Kazan region and upper Volga River, south to lower Dnepr River, mouth of Volga River, and Caucasus Mtns (Gromov and Erbajeva, 1995; Licha&#133;ev, 1972; Ognev, 1947; Vereshchagin, 1959; also Kuznetsov, 1965; Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987), Italy (Amori et al., 1995, 1999; Filippucci, 1986; Paolucci et al., 1987), Hungary (Bakó et al., 1998; Krytufek and Vohralík, 1994), Slovenia (Krytufek, 1991; Krytufek and Vohralík, 1994), Croatia (Tvrtkovi&#131; et al., 1995), Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia and Montenegro (Gazaryan, 1985; Krystufek, 1985a; Krytufek and Vohralík; 1994; Petrov, 1992), Romania (Istrate, 1998; Krytufek and Vohralík, 1994), Moldavia (Lozan, 1970), Albania (Prigioni, 1996), Macedonia (Petrov, 1992), Bulgaria (Mitev et al., 1994; Peshev, 1996; Peshev and Mitev, 1979; Vohralík , 1985), Greece (Ondrias, 1966; Sofianidou and Vohralík, 1991; Vohralík and Sofianidou, 1987, 1992a), Turkey (Krytufek and Vohralík, 2001; Mursalo&#151;lu, 1973b; Obuch, 2001; Pamukoglu and Albayrak, 1996), Arabia (Harrison and Bates, 1991), W and E Syria (Obuch, 2001; von Lehmann, 1965), N Israel (Atallah, 1978; Mendelssohn and Yom-Tov, 1999; Nevo and Amir, 1961a, 1964; Qumsiyeh, 1996), N Iraq (Jawdat, 1977), Iran (Lay, 1967; Obuch, 2001), Afghanistan (Hassinger, 1973), N Pakistan (Roberts, 1977, 1997); Tajikistan (Allobergenov, 1986; Davydov, 1984), Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, and C Kazakhstan north to the S Altai Gobi (see Gromov and Erbajeva, 1995; Kuznetsov, 1965; Ognev, 1947; Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987), the Tarbagaty Mtns east to the eastern limit of the Tien Shan Mtns in Xinjiang, China (Ma et al., 1981, 1987; Wang, 2003; Wang and Yang, 1983); perhaps Lebanon (Lewis et al., 1967). In Europe see also Krytufek (1999b), Krytufek and Vohralík (1994) and Storch (1978a).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	<p>There has been no critical revision of this species throughout its range, and D. nitedula may actually contain two or more species. An allozymic and biometric study by Filippucci et al. (1995) of southern populations indicates that the Israeli population probably represents a separate species, a conclusion supported by ecological data (Nevo and Amir, 1961b) and phallic and bacular morphology (Simson et al., 1995). It would have been treated as a species here, but unfortunately no name has been given to this population. Historically, the Israeli population has been included in D. n. phrygius (described from Murat Dagi, W Turkey), but Filippucci et al. (1995) showed that the two populations are morphologically different, and topotypes of D. n. phrygius clustered with the European population from Turkish Thrace. Mursalo&#151;lu (1973b) suggested that the E Anatolia (Turkey) population represents a separate species, D. pictus, originally describ... [truncated]	Forest Dormouse
12500028	Eliomys	Wagner 1840	GENUS					Eliomys	Gliridae	Rodentia	Gelehrte Anz. I. K. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., München vol.8 37 p.297	Eliomys melanurus Wagner, 1840.	Bifa  Lataste, 1885 [see Corbet, 1978c and Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951].			See Krytufek and Kraft (1997) for clarification of the publication date for Eliomys Wagner (1839 vs. 1840). Vocalization data reviewed by Hutterer and Peters (2001). Evolutionary patterns of dental morphology during Pliocene and Pleistocene discussed by Nadachowski and Daoud (1995). Dobson (1998) speculated that Eliomys probably reached Africa at least two times, once during the Messinian from Iberia, and later during the late Pleistocene from the eastern Mediterranean. Multiple colonizations may account for the lack of morphometric cohesion among what are presumed to be conspecific North African populations of E. munbyanus (the Tunisian population, for example). It is generally (but not universally) accepted that Dryomys is the closest living relative of Eliomys (see comments under Subfamily Leithiinae and references therein). However, phylogenetic analyses of nuclear DNA fragments and 12S rRNA sequences clearly identified Eliomys and Dryo... [truncated]	
12500029	Eliomys melanurus	Wagner 1840	SPECIES			melanurus		Eliomys	Gliridae	Rodentia	Gelehrte. Anz. I. K. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., München vol.8 37 p.299		cyrenaicus  Festa 1922 [see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; Corbet, 1978c; Krytufek and Kraft, 1997].	E North Africa, the Middle East and S Turkey: Libya east from Barqah (Cyrenaica) (Ranck, 1968); Egypt (Osborn and Helmy, 1980), the Sinai peninsula (Haim and Tchernov, 1974; Kahmann, 1981; Osborn and Helmy, 1980; Wassif and Hoogstraal, 1954), Saudi Arabia (Harrison and Bates, 1991; Kahmann, 1981; Nader et al., 1981; Vesey-Fitzgerald, 1953), Israel (Bodenheimer, 1958; Ilani and Shalmon, 1983; Kahmann, 1981; Mendelssohn and Yom-Tov, 1999; Obuch, 2001; Qumsiyeh, 1996), Jordan (Atallah, 1978; Bodenheimer, 1958; Kahmann, 1981; Qumsiyeh, 1996; Tristram, 1877), Lebanon (G. M. Allen, 1915; Lewis et al., 1967; Qumsiyeh, 1996), Syria (Kahmann, 1981; Obuch, 2001; Qumsiyeh, 1996), Iraq (Kahmann, 1981; Nadachowski et al., 1978) and S Turkey (Misonne, 1957). In North Africa see Kahmann and Thoms (1981) and Niethammer (1959, 1987c).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	<p>See Krytufek and Kraft (1997) for clarification of the publication date for Eliomys melanurus Wagner (1839 vs. 1840). Allozymic and karyological data analyzed by Filippucci et al. (1988a, b), Filippucci and Kotsakis (1995), and Filippucci and Capanna (1996) indicated that North African and Middle Eastern populations are genetically differentiated from European E. quercinus. They recommended the recognition of E. melanurus (containing all North African, Middle Eastern and Turkish populations) as a distinct species of Eliomys. Their conclusion was supported by a study utilizing phallic and bacular characters (Simson et al., 1995). Based on multivariate analyses of cranial morphology, Krytufek and Kraft (1997) agreed that E. melanurus and E. quercinus represent two distinct species, but concluded that North African populations eastward to Tripolitania represent E. quercinus, and restricted the distribution of E. melanu... [truncated]	Large-eared Garden Dormouse (see comments)
12500030	Eliomys munbyanus	Pomel 1856	SPECIES			munbyanus		Eliomys	Gliridae	Rodentia	C. R. Hebdomadaires des Séances de LAcademie des Sciences vol.42 p.653		See comments under E. melanurus  regarding data supporting recognition of E. munbyanus, and for discussion of geographic distributions of the two species. Morphological taxonomic study of circum-Mediterranean populations reported by Krytufek and Kraft (1997). Comparative study of African populations by Kahmann and Thoms (1973b). Comparisons of North African E. melanurus population with North African E. munbyanus populations, including descriptions of type specimens, karyotypes, color plates of skins, and notes on biology, reported by Kahmann and Thoms (1981). Biometric study of Tunesian populations provided by Kahmann and Thoms (1987). Systematics of Moroccan population examined by Moreno (1989) and Moreno and Delibes (1981). Phallic and bacular structure and variation reported by Simson et al. (1995). Chromosomal studies reviewed by Zima et al. (1995); additional karyotypic data analyzed by Filippucci and Capanna (1996). Comprehensive analyses of allozyme data and genetic relationships reported by Filippucci and Kotsakis (1995) and Filippucci and Capanna (1996). Recorded from Pleistocene in Tunisia (Mein and Pickford, 1992).	W North Africa: Western Sahara (Kahmann and Thoms, 1981); Morocco (Aulagnier and Thevenot, 1986; Moreno and Delibes, 1981); Algeria (Khidas, 1993; Kowalski and Rzebik-Kowalska, 1991); Tunisia (Kahmann and Thoms, 1987); east to Tar~bulus (Tripolitania) and Fazzan regions of E Libya (Ranck, 1968). See also Kahmann and Thoms (1981), Kock (1985) and Niethammer (1959).	denticulatus Ranck, 1968; lerotina (Lataste, 1885); occidentalis Thomas, 1903; tunetae Thomas, 1903.		Maghreb Garden Dormouse
12700011	Dipodomys compactus	True 1889	SPECIES			compactus		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. vol.11 p.160		largus  Hall, 1951; parvabullatus Hall, 1951; sennetti J. A. Allen, 1891.	Mainland, Padre and Mustang Isls of S Texas (USA) and barrier islands of N Tamaulipas (Mexico).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Considered distinct from ordii by Johnson and Selander (1971), Schmidly and Hendricks (1976), and Baumgardner and Schmidly (1981), who also documented sympatry between compactus and ordii. Hall (1981:565) provisionally retained compactus as a subspecies of ordii. Reviewed by Baumgardner (1991, Mammalian Species No. 369). Williams et al. (1993) regarded sennetti J. A. Allen as a valid subspecies.	Gulf Coast Kangaroo Rat
12700012	Dipodomys compactus subsp. compactus	True 1889	SUBSPECIES		compactus	compactus		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. vol.11 p.160					See comments under species.	
12500031	Eliomys quercinus	Linnaeus 1766	SPECIES			quercinus		Eliomys	Gliridae	Rodentia	Syst. Nat., 12th ed. vol.1 p.84		amori  (Graells, 1897); cincticauda Miller, 1901; dalmaticus Dulic and Felten, 1962; dichrurus (Rafinesque, 1814); gotthardus Burg, 1920; gymnesicus Thomas, 1903; hamiltoni Cabrera, 1907; hortualis Cabrera, 1904; jurrasicus Burg, 1920; liparensis Kahmann, 1960; lusitanicus Reuvens, 1890; nitela (Schreber, 1782); ophiusae Thomas, 1925; pallidus Barrett-Hamilton, 1899; räticus Burg, 1920; sardus Barrett-Hamilton, 1901; superans Ognev and Stroganov, 1936; valverdei Palacios, Castroviejo, and Garzon, 1974; see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) and Corbet (1978c).	Primarily Europe, also Russia: Portugal (Santos-Reis and Mathias, 1996), Spain (Abad, 1987; Castién and Gosálbez, 1992, Moreno, 1989; Torre et al., 1996), Balearic Isls (Alcover, 1986; Alcover and Gosalbez, 1988; Kahmann and Alcover, 1974; Kahmann and Thoms, 1973a), Andorra (Gosalbez-Noguera et al., 1989), France (Geissert and Merkel, 1994), Corsica (Orsini and Cheylan, 1988), Belgium (Libois, 1996; Luyts, 1986), Germany (Bitz, 1991; Faltin, 1988; Feustel, 1984; Gorner and Henkel, 1988; Mockel, 1986; Rehage, 1984; Schoppe, 1986), Netherlands (Foppen and Bergers, 1992; Foppen et al., 1989; Thissen and Hollander, 1996), Czech Republic and Slovakia (And&#277;ra, 1986, 1995; And&#277;ra and Cerveny, 1994; Hçrka, 1990; Kratochvíl, 1967; Obuch, 1998; Smaha, 1996), Poland (Daoud, 1989; Jurczyszyn and Wolk, 1998; Pucek, 1983a), Belarus, Lithuania (Balciauskas, 1996; Juskaitis, 1995a), Latvia (Pil~ts, 1995), Estonia including Suur Tutarsaar Isl (Ernits, 1991a; b; Masing and Timm, 1988), Finland, Ukraine (Bezrodny, 1991; Zagorodnyuk, 1998), European Russia to S Urals (Gromov and Erbajeva, 1995; Kuznetsov, 1965; Licha&#133;ev, 1972; Ognev, 1947), Switzerland (Catzeflis, 1995a; Maurizio, 1994), Austria (Spitzenberger, 1983, 1996; Spitzenberger et al., 1995), Italy, including Sardegna, Eolian archipelago and Sicilia (Amori et al., 1995, 1999, 2002a; Cagnin and Aloise, 1995; Cristaldi and Amori, 1988; Locatelli and Paolucci, 1996a; Sarà and Casamento, 1995a; Scaravelli et al., 1995), Slovenia (Krytufek, 2003), Croatia (Petrov, 1992; Tvrtkovi&#131; et al., 1995; Vujoevi&#131; et al., 1993), Adriatic Isls (Petrov, 1992; Tvrtkovi&#131; et al., 1995; Vujoevi&#131; et al., 1993), Bosnia and Herzegovina (Petrov, 1992; Tvrtkovi&#131; et al., 1995), possibly Albania (Prigioni, 1996), possibly Bulgaria, and perhaps Romania (Istrate, 1998). See also Filippucci (1999), Krytufek and Vohralík (1994) and Storch (1978a).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	<p>Roman record in England (probably introduced) reported by O'Conner (1986). It has been proposed (e.g., Petrov, 1992) that the E Adriatic population was introduced from S Italy, but analyses of chromosomal and allozyme data contradict this hypothesis and indicate that the E Adriatic and Italian populations exhibit many allelic differences and are characterized by chromosomal rearrangements and a relatively high Neis genetic distance (Filippucci and Capanna, 1996; Vujoevi&#131; et al., 1993). These studies also indicate that the Dalmatian population was one of several that recolonized C Europe after the cold glacial periods of the late Pleistocene.</p><p>Rossolimo et al. (2001) reviewed E. quercinus, including illustrations of live animal, distributional, morphological, ecological, behavioral and other characteristics. Krytufek and Kraft (1997) provided morphological taxonomic study of circum-Mediterranean populations. Moreno (1989) did a taxonomic study of Spanish populatio... [truncated]	Garden Dormouse
12500032	Muscardinus	Kaup 1829	GENUS					Muscardinus	Gliridae	Rodentia	Skizz. Entwikel.-Gesch. Nat. Syst. Europ. Thierwelt vol.1 p.139	Mus avellanarius Linnaeus, 1758.	Eomuscardinus  Hartenberger, 1966; Pentaglis Kretzoi, 1943; see Daams and de Bruijn (1995); Rossolimo et al. (2001).			Kratochvil (1973) proposed to place Muscardinus in its own subfamily, Muscardininae, based on the uniquely derived stomach anatomy, molar morphology, and phallic features. De Bruijn (1967) and Daams (1981) both included Muscardinus in the Glirinae based on dental morphology. This arrangement was supported by the results of Wahlert et al. (1993). However, phylogenetic analyses of nuclear DNA fragments and mitochondrial 12S rRNA sequences clearly identified Muscardinus as a member of Leithiinae and basal to Myomimus, and the clade comprised of Dromys, and Eliomys. See also comments under Leithiinae. Comparative vocalization data reviewed by Hutterer and Peters (2001). Evolutionary patterns of dental morphology during Pliocene and Pleistocene discussed by Nadachowski and Daoud (1995). For synonyms see Daams and de Bruijn (1995); Rossolimo et al. (2001).	
12500033	Muscardinus avellanarius	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			avellanarius		Muscardinus	Gliridae	Rodentia	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.62		abanticus  Kivanc, 1983; anglicus Barrett-Hamilton, 1900; corilinum (Fatio, 1869); kroecki Niethammer and Bohmann, 1950; muscardinus (Schreber, 1782); niveus Altobello, 1920; pulcher Barrett-Hamilton, 1898; speciosus (Dehne, 1855); trapezius Miller, 1908; zeus Chaworth-Musters, 1932; see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) and Corbet (1978c, 1984).	Europe and N Turkey: Cumbria and S England (Bright and Morris, 1992; Bright et al., 1996; Coult, 2001), France (Jourde, 2001; Papillon et al., 2000), Switzerland (Catzeflis, 1995d; Maurizio, 1994), Italy, including Sicilia (Amori et al., 1995, 1999; Sarà and Casamento, 1995a; Sarà et al., 2002), Austria (Spitzenberger, 1983; Spitzenberger et al., 1995), Germany (Bitz, 1991; Faltin, 1988; Gorner and Henkel, 1988; Harsch, 1993; Mockel, 1988; Rehage and Steinborn, 1984; Schoppe, 1986; Schulze, 1986, 1987), Belgium (Christiaens, 1995; Libois, 1996), Netherlands (van Laar, 1984, 1992; Thissen and Hollander, 1996), Denmark (Jensen, 1980), S and C Sweden (Berg, 1996, 1997), Poland (Daoud, 1989; Jurczyszyn and Wolk, 1998; Kaluza, 1987; Pucek, 1983d; Wilk, 1987), Ukraine (Bezrodny, 1991), Belorus, Lithuania (Jukaitis, 1995a), Latvia (Pil~ts, 1995), and Estonia (Ernits, 1991b) east to Russia (Gromov and Erbajeva, 1995; Kuznetsov, 1965; Licha&#133;ev, 1972; Ognev, 1947); Czech Republic and Slovakia (Andra, 1987, 1995; Andera and Cerveny, 1994; Danko, 1994; Hçrka,,1990; Obuch, 1998; Smaha, 1996; Stanko and Mosansky, 2000), Hungary (Bakó et al., 1998), Slovenia (Krytufek, 1991), Croatia (Tvrtkovi&#131; et al., 1995), Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia and Montenegro (Petrov, 1992), Romania (Istrate, 1998), Albania (Prigioni, 1996), Macedonia, Bulgaria (Belcheva et al., 1989; Peshev, 1996), Greece (Ondrias, 1966), Corfu, N Turkey (Do&#151;ramaci and Kefel¥o&#151;lu, 1992; Kivanc, 1983; Obuch, 2002). In Europe see also Morris (1999) and Storch (1978a).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Comprehensive review of M. avellanarius, including illustrations of live animal, distributional, morphological, ecological, behavioral and other characteristics, contributed by Rossolimo et al. (2001). Systematic study of W and C European subspecies provided by Witte (1962) and Roesler and Witte (1969), and of Turkish subspecies by Kivanc (1983). Morphometric study of Bulgarian populations reported by Peshev et al. (1990a) and Peshev and Delov (1995b). Comparison of dental pattern with fossil Muscardinus from Poland given by Daoud (1993). Review of chromosomal studies given by Zima et al. (1995), additional karyotypic data from Bulgaria reported by Peshev and Delov (1995a), from Turkey by Do&#151;ramaci and Kefel¥o&#151;lu (1992), and from Russia by Graphodatsky and Fokin (1993). Allozyme variation and genetic relationships analyzed by Filippucci and Kotsakis (1995). Phallic and bacular structure and variation reported by Hrabe (1969) and Simson et al... [truncated]	Hazel Dormouse
12500034	Myomimus	Ognev 1924	GENUS					Myomimus	Gliridae	Rodentia	Priroda Okhota Ukraine [Nat. and Hunting in Ukraine], Kharkov vol.1-2 p.115	Myomimus personatus Ognev, 1924.	Philistomys Bate, 1937 [see Kowalski, 1963; Rossolimo et al., 2001].			This genus requires systematic revision. A new, undescribed species of Myomimus has been found in the C Zagros Mtns, Bakhtaran Prov., Iran, 1300 m. Known only from owl pellets, the mandible of this species is larger than that of M. setzeri, but smaller than M. personatus (Obuch, 2001; J. Obuch, pers. comm.); Obuch (2001) included photographs of dentaries of the new species compared with those of M. personatus and M. setzeri. Daams and de Bruijn (1995) arranged Myomimus in subfamily Myominae; according to their hypothesis myomimines and glirines originated from gliravines in the late Oligocene. There seems to be a general (but not universal, see Yachontov and Potapova, 1991, and Simson et al., 1995) consensus that Myomimus and Selevinia are related (Koenigswald, 1993, 1995; Potapova, 2001; Rossolimo et al., 2001; Storch, 1995b; Wahlert et al., 1993). Phylogenetic analyses of nuclear DNA fragments and mitochondrial 12S rRNA s... [truncated]	
12500035	Myomimus personatus	Ognev 1924	SPECIES			personatus		Myomimus	Gliridae	Rodentia	Priroda Okhota Ukraine [Nat. and Hunting in Ukraine], Kharkov vol.1-2 p.115			Bulgaria (Peshev et al., 1964); W Turkey (Mursalo&#151;lu, 1973b); Koppet Dag Mtns, NE Iran (Obuch, 2001); Koppet Dag and Malyy Balkhan Mtns, Turkmenistan (Csorba, 1993; Kurbanov et al., 1990; Kuznetsov, 1965; Marinina et al., 1987; Ognev, 1947; Shcherbina et al., 1988); Iskander, Uzbekistan (Zykov, 1987); limits unknown.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Review of morphology, ecology and distribution, and illustration of live animal, contributed by Rossolimo et al. (2001). External morphology of the glans penis and its taxonomic significance discussed by Rossolimo and Pavlinov (1985). Mensural data, and figures of skin, feet, cranium and teeth given by Peshev et al. (1964). Skull, teeth, os penis, feet, and ear ossicles figured by Ognev (1947). Karyotypic data and analysis provided by Graphodatsky and Fokin (1993). Russian range, taxonomy and other characters reviewed by Gromov and Erbajeva (1995). Comparison with M. roachi provided by Rossolimo (1976b).	Masked Mouse-tailed Dormouse
12700013	Dipodomys compactus subsp. sennetti	J. A. Allen 1891	SUBSPECIES		sennetti	compactus		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia						See comments under species.	
12700063	Dipodomys microps subsp. preblei	Goldman 1921	SUBSPECIES		preblei	microps		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12500036	Myomimus roachi	Bate 1937	SPECIES			roachi		Myomimus	Gliridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag.Nat. Hist., ser. 10 vol.20 p.399		bulgaricus  Rossolimo, 1976 [see Storch, 1978b].	Extant in SE Bulgaria (Filippucci and Peshev, 1999; Peshev, 1996), Turkish Thrace (Filippucci and Peshev, 1999; Kurtonur and Özkan, 1991), and W Turkey (Mursalo&#153;lu, 1973a); limits unknown. Early to late Pleistocene fossils are known from Israel (Tchernov, 1992, 1994), Greece (Macedonia, Athens, Chios Isl and Kalimnos Isl) (Kuss and Storch, 1978; Storch, 1975, 1978b), and from S Anatolia, Turkey (Corbet and Morris, 1967; Storch, 1988).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Morphology, ecology and distribution reviewed by Rossolimo et al. (2001). Distribution and review provided by Storch (1978b). Detailed description and figures of SE Bulgaria population given by Pechev et al. (1964). Taxonomic study of Bulgarian samples and comparison with M. personatus provided by Rossolimo (1976b). Distribution, measurements, and ecological data of Turkish Thrace population recorded by Kurtonur and Özkan (1991). Cranial abnormality in wild Turkish population documented by Krytufek et al. (2004b). Phallic and bacular structure and variation reported by Simson et al. (1995). Chromosomal data and analysis given by Civitelli et al. (1995b). Allozyme variation analyzed by Filippucci and Kotsakis (1995). Comparative behavior and hibernation of wild-caught captives reported by Burulda&#151; and Kurtonur (2001).	Roachs Mouse-tailed Dormouse
12500037	Myomimus setzeri	Rossolimo 1976	SPECIES			setzeri		Myomimus	Gliridae	Rodentia	Vestn. Zool. vol.4 p.51			From 1500-2800 m in E Turkey (Obuch, 1994, 2001), and Azarbaijan-e Gharbi and Kordestan Prov., NW Iran (Obuch, 1994, 2001; Rossolimo, 1976a); limits unknown.	IUCN  Endangered.	Reviewed by Rossolimo et al. (2001). Skull and teeth figured in Rossolimo (1976a); dentaries illustrated and compared with M. personatus and Myomimus sp. (see comments under Myomimus) by Obuch (2001).	Setzers Mouse-tailed Dormouse
12500038	Selevinia	Belosludov and Bazhanov 1939	GENUS					Selevinia	Gliridae	Rodentia	Uchen. Zap. Kaz. Univ. Alma-Ata vol.1 1 p.81	Selevinia betpakdalaensis Belosludov and Bazhanov, 1939.	Salevinia  Argyropulo and Vinogradov, 1939.			Belosludov and Bazhanov (1939) recognized Selevinia as a new genus of murids, and subsequently as the only member of a separate family of rodents seemingly allied to glirids (Bazhanov and Belosludov, 1941). Based upon a suite of morphological characters, Ognev (1947) hypothesized that Selevinia was a highly differentiated dormouse most closely related to Myomimus. Because of its distinct dental formula and structure, Ognev (1947) listed Selevinia in a separate subfamily, a hypothesis independantly suggested by Ellerman (1949a). Published descriptions and figures of Selevinia included derived character states that allowed Wahlert et al. (1993) to tentatively place this genus within Myomimini, supporting Ognev's (1947) hypothesis. Though the nearest extant relative of Selevinia is proposed to be Myomimus, its closest relative may be Plioselevinia, from early Pliocene breccia of Poland (McKenna and Bell, 1997). Reviewed by Gro... [truncated]	
12500039	Selevinia betpakdalaensis	Belosludov and Bazhanov 1939	SPECIES			betpakdalaensis		Selevinia	Gliridae	Rodentia	Uchen. Zap. Kaz. Univ. Alma-Ata vol.1 1 p.81		paradoxa  Argyropulo and Vinogradov, 1939 [see Bazhanov and Belosludov, 1941].	S (=SE) and E Kazakhstan, deserts east, north and west of Lake Balkhash (Burdelov and Rossinskaya, 1959; Ilchenko and Volodin, 1992; Ismagilov, 1961; Kuznetsov, 1965).	IUCN  Endangered.	Review of morphology, ecology and distribution, and ilustrations of live animals, contributed by Rossolimo et al. (2001). Measurements and illustration of cranium, and biological observations provided by Bazhanov and Belosludov (1941). Skull, ear, ear ossicles, and foot figured in Ognev (1947). Photographs of live specimen, distribution, and biological data contributed by Sludskii (1977). Teeth and embryo illustrated by Bazhanov (1951). Mastoid portion of the bullae discussed by Pavlinov (1988). Included in an analysis of the relationship between size of ear pinna and auditory bulla in specialized desert rodents (Pavlinov and Rogovin, 2000).	Desert Dormouse
13700436	Nesiotites	Bate 1945	GENUS					Nesiotites	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 11 vol.11 p.741	Nesiotites hidalgo Bate, 1945.				A genus endemic to the Balearic Isls that went extinct during historical times. Vigne (1987) provided a summary of the extinction process. Further information in Vigne and Alcover (1985), and Vigne and Marinval-Vigne (1990, 1991). The morphological separation of Nesiotites from the extinct genus Asoriculus is weak and requires further study (Masini and Sara, 1998).	
12500040	Glirinae	Muirhead 1819	SUBFAMILY						Gliridae	Rodentia	Mazology [sic]. Pp. 393-480, pls. 353-358, in Edinburgh Encyclopdeia vol.Vol. 13 (D. Brewster, ed.) p.433 (see McKenna and Bell, 1997)		Glirinae Thomas, 1897; Glirulinae de Bruijn, 1966; Myosidae Gray, 1821 (Myoxina Gray, 1825; Myoxinae Huxley, 1872).			The results of Wahlert et al. (1993) and Storch (1995b) indicated that Myoxus, Muscardinus, and Glirulus form a monophyletic group. Yachontov and Potapova (1991) hypothesized that Glis and Muscardinus are closely related to Selevinia. Daams and de Bruijn (1995) included only Glis and Muscardinus in Glirinae, and arranged Glirulus under their Dryomyinae. Koenigswald (1993, 1995) placed Glis and Glirulus together in his most primitive cluster, "Group I", and Muscardinus in his most derived cluster, "Group III". Bentz and Mongelards (1999) mitochondrial analyses moderately supports a Glis Muscardinus grouping, but there was no support for the inclusion of Glirulus in this clade. Suzuki et al. (1997) asserted that Glirulus should be placed in its own subfamily based on its high level of genetic divergence, a position concordant with the arrangement of Rossolimo et al. (20... [truncated]	
12700019	Dipodomys elator	Merriam 1894	SPECIES			elator		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.9 p.109			SW Oklahoma and NC Texas (USA).	IUCN  Vulnerable; Texas Parks and Wildlife Department  Threatened.	Probably no longer occurs in Oklahoma (Caire et al., 1989). Reviewed by Carter et al. (1985, Mammalian Species No. 232) and Williams et al. (1993). Sexual dimorphism and morphometric variation reviewed by Best (1987, 1993d) and molecular systematic relationships by Mantooth et al. (2000).	Texas Kangaroo Rat
12700124	Dipodomys spectabilis subsp. zygomaticus	Goldman 1923	SUBSPECIES		zygomaticus	spectabilis		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12500041	Glirulus	Thomas 1905 "1906"	GENUS					Glirulus	Gliridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1905 2 p.347	Myoxus javanicus Schinz, 1845 (= lapsus for japonicus; see Thomas (1905a) for an explanation of the emendation of javanicus to japonicus).	Amphidyromys  Heller, 1936 [see Daams and de Bruijn, 1995; Rossolimo et al., 2001]; Paraglirulus Engesser, 1972 [see McKenna and Bell, 1997, and Wu et al., 2000].			The phylogenetic study by Wahlert et al. (1993) supports inclusion of Glirulus within Glirinae, as did Montgelard et al.s (2003) phylogenetic analyses of nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequences (see also comment under Glirinae). Daams and de Bruijn (1995) arranged this genus within their Dryomyinae (in which they also include Dryomys, Eliomys, Graphiurus and Chaetocauda). Suzuki et al. (1997) presented genetic data indicating that Glirulus may belong in its own subfamily, though their study only included Dryomys and Muscardinus for comparison. Although the geographic range of the sole extant species of Glirulus is restricted to Japan, the genus is represented in Europe and Turkey by early Miocene, Pliocene and early Pleistocene fossils (Bednarczyk, 1993; Daams and de Bruijn, 1995; Hugueney and Mein, 1965; Kowalski, 1963, 2001; Nadachowski and Daoud, 1995; Unay, 1994). Molars identified as Glirulus from late Oligoce... [truncated]	
12500042	Glirulus japonicus	Schinz 1845	SPECIES			japonicus		Glirulus	Gliridae	Rodentia	Syst. Verzeichniss Säugeth. vol.2 p.530		As proposed by Smeenk and Kaneko (2000), the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (2001a ) has ruled (Opinion 1978) that the following synonyms are invalid: elegans (Temminck, 1844) [not of Ogilby, 1838], javanicus (Schinz, 1845), and lasiotis (Thomas, 1880); see also Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) and Corbet (1978c).	Japan, three main islands of Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu, and small island of Dogo in the Oki group north of E Honshu (Iguchi et al., 1996; Kaneko, 1994).	IUCN  Endangered.	Based on mitochondrial and nuclear genetic data (Suzuki et al., 1997), there are at least two distinct populations of G. japonicus that may represent separate species. Unpublished morphological and behavioral differences were also cited. External genital morphology and its taxonomic significance were examined by Rossolimo and Pavlinov (1985). Chromosomal study provided by Tsuchiya (1979). Analysis of nest materials as indication of foraging behavior reported by Minato and Doei (1995). Included as part of the endemic Japanese fauna by Dobson (1994) who described distribution patterns of Japanese endemic mammals. Comprehensive review, including color photographs of living animals, by Kaneko (1994). Review of morphology, ecology, distribution, and illustrations of live animals contributed by Rossolimo et al. (2001). Middle and late Pleistocene representatives of G. japonicus on Japan were discussed by Kawamura (1989, 1991, 1994) and Kowalski and Hasegawa (1976).	Japanese Dormouse
12500043	Glis	Brisson 1762	GENUS					Glis	Gliridae	Rodentia	Regnum animale in classes IX distributum, sive synopsis methodica, 2nd ed. p.113	Sciurus glis (Linnaeus, 1766).	Elius  Schulze, 1900 [excluding dryas]; Myorus Reichenbach, 1835; Myoxus Zimmerman, 1780 [see Opinion 1894 of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1998; McKenna and Bell, 1997].			See comments under Gliridae and discussion in Wahlert et al. (1993) for explanation behind validity of Myoxus versus Glis. Comparative vocalization data reviewed by Hutterer and Peters (2001). Evolutionary patterns of dental morphology during Pliocene and Pleistocene discussed by Nadachowski and Daoud (1995). Morphological (Wahlert et al., 1993) and molecular (Montgelard et al., 2003) identify Glis and Glirulus as the only extant members of Glirinae (see subfamily account).	
12500044	Glis glis	Linnaeus 1766	SPECIES			glis		Glis	Gliridae	Rodentia	Syst. Nat., 12th ed. vol.1 1 p.87		abruttii  Altobello, 1924; argenteus Zimmermann, 1953; avellanus (Owen, 1840); caspicus Satunin, 1906; caspius (Satunin, 1905); esculentus Blumenbach, 1779; germanicus Violani and Zava, 1995; giglis (Cuvier, 1832); insularis Barrett-Hamilton, 1899; intermedius Altobello, 1920; italicus Barrett-Hamilton, 1898; martinoi Miri&#131;, 1960; melonii Thomas, 1907; minutus Martino, 1930; orientalis (Nehring, 1903); persicus (Erxleben, 1777); petruccii Goodwin, 1939; pindicus Ondrias, 1966; postus Montagu, 1923; pyrenaicus Cabrera, 1908; spoliatus Thomas, 1906; subalpinus Burg, 1920; tschetshenicus Satunin, 1920; vagneri Martino and Martino, 1941; vulgaris Oken, 1816. See Ellerman (1941), Thomas (1906), Morrison-Scott (1951), and Corbet (1978c).	Europe, N Turkey, the Caucasus, N Iran and SW Turkmenistan: N Spain (Castien and Gosalbez, 1992), France (Gautherin, 1988; Geissert and Merkel, 1994), Switzerland (Catzeflis, 1995c; Maurizio, 1994), Belgium (Christiaens, 1995; Libois, 1996), Netherlands, Germany (Bitz, 1991; Faltin, 1988; Feustel, 1984; Gorner and Henkel, 1988; Grunwald, 1992; Harsch, 1993; Labes et al., 1987; Nachtigall, 1996; Pankow, 1989; Rehage and Preywisch, 1984; Schoppe, 1986; Schulze, 1986; von Vietinghoff-Riesch, 1960), Poland (Bielecka, 1986; Daoud, 1989; Indyk and Pawlowska-Indyk, 1994; Jurczyszyn and Wolk, 1998; Jurczyszyn et al., 2001; Kazmierczak and Kaliczewski, 1989; Nowakowski and Terlecki, 1991; Profus, 2000; Pucek, 1983c; Wuczynski and Garbowski, 2000); Ukraine (Bezrodny, 1991) north to Belorus, Lithuania (Balciauskas, 1996; Juskaitis, 1995a) and Latvia (Pil~ts, 1995), east to Volga River, south to Saratov and Voronezh (Gromov and Erbajeva, 1995); Caucasus Mtns (Gromov and Erbajeva, 1995) south to N Iran (Lay, 1967; Obuch, 2001) and SW Turkmenistan (see Bezrodny, 1991; Kuznetsov, 1965; Licha&#133;ev, 1972; Ognev, 1947; Ruprecht and Szwagrzak, 1986; Vereshchagin, 1959); the Mediterranean (except S and C Iberia, Balearic Isls), Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, Elba, Italy (Amori et al., 1995, 1999), including Sicilia (Sarà and Casamento, 1995a), Eolia (Cristaldi and Amori, 1988) and N Adriatic Isls (Petrov, 1992; Tvrtkovi&#131; et al., 1995), Austria (Spitzenberger, 1983; Spitzenberger et al., 1995), Czech Republic and Slovakia (Andra, 1986, 1995; Andra and Cerveny ,1994; Danko, 1994; Hçrka,,1990; Obuch, 1998; Smaha, 1996; Stanko and Mosansky, 2000), Hungary (Bakó et al., 1998; Becsy, 1982), Slovenia (Krytufek, 1991; Krytufek and Haberl, 2001; Polak, 1997); Croatia (Tvrtkovi&#131; et al., 1995), Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia and Montenegro (Petrov, 1992), Romania (Istrate, 1998; Vasiliu, 1961), Albania (Prigioni, 1996), Macedonia (Petrov, 1992), Bulgaria (Peshev, 1996; Peshev et al., 1990b), Greece (Ondrias, 1966; in Andros Isl see Dimaki, 1999; in Macedonia see Vohralík and Sofianidou, 1987; in Thrace see Vohralík and Sofianidou, 1992a), Crete, Corfu, Cephalonia, Turkish Thrace (Kurtonur, 1992), N Turkey (Do&#151;ramaci and Tez, 1991; Kock, 1990; Obuch, 2001). In Europe see also Krytufek (1999a) and Storch (1978a). Introduced to England (Morris, 1997a, b).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	The significance of geographical variation within G. glis, in the context of subspecific or specific level differentiation among populations, has not been investigated throughout its range. Comprehensive review of G. glis, including illustrations of live animal, distributional, morphological, ecological, behavioral and other characteristics, contributed by Rossolimo et al. (2001). Biometry and taxonomy of Asiago Plateau population by Franco (1988); morphometric study of Bulgarian populations by Peshev and Delov (1995b); variability of non-metric characters of Bulgarian populations analyzed by Markov (2001a); morphometric and chromosomal study of Turkish populations by Do&#151;ramaci and Tez (1991); diagnosis and distribution of subspecies in SE Europe by Ondrias (1966). Comparison of dental pattern with fossil Glis from Poland given by Daoud (1993). Review of chromosomal studies produced by Zima et al. (1995); additional karyotypic data from Bulgaria ... [truncated]	Fat Dormouse
12600001	CASTORIMORPHA	A. E. Wood 1955	SUBORDER							Rodentia							
12600002	Castoridae	Hemprich 1820	FAMILY						Castoridae	Rodentia	Grundriss Naturgesch. p.33		Castorini Giebel, 1855; Castorida Haeckel, 1866; Castoroidea Gill, 1872			Generally placed as the sole extant family of the sciurognath infraorder Castorimorpha (Carleton, 1984; McKenna and Bell, 1997), beavers are probably most closely allied to geomyoid rodents (Geomyidae + Heteromyidae; see Murphy et al., 2001a; Montgelard et al., 2002). There are a number of additional fossil synonyms that do not refer to crown-group beavers (McKenna and Bell, 1997).	
12600003	Castor	Linnaeus 1758	GENUS					Castor	Castoridae	Rodentia	Syst. Nat., 10th ed vol.1 p.58	Castor fiber Linnaeus, 1758.	Fiber Dumeril, 1806 [not of G. Cuvier, 1800]; Mamcastorus Herrera, 1899.			The two species differ in cranial features and chromosome number (Heidecke, 1986).	
12700020	Dipodomys gravipes	Huey 1925	SPECIES			gravipes		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.38 p.83			NW Baja California (Mexico).	IUCN  Endangered. Mexico  Endangered.	Considered distinct from agilis by Best (1978). Reviewed by Best (1983b), Best and Lackey (1985, Mammalian Species No. 236), Williams et al. (1993), and Patton and Alvarez-Castañeda (1999).	San Quintin Kangaroo Rat
12700142	Microdipodops megacephalus subsp. paululus	Hall and Durrant 1941	SUBSPECIES		paululus	megacephalus		Microdipodops	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12600004	Castor canadensis	Kuhl 1820	SPECIES			canadensis		Castor	Castoridae	Rodentia	Beitr. Zool. Vergl. Anat. vol.1 p.64		acadicus  Bailey and Doutt, 1942; baileyi Nelson, 1927; belugae Taylor, 1916; caecator Bangs, 1913; carolinensis Rhoads, 1898; concisor Warren and Hall, 1939; duchesnei Durrant and Crane, 1948; frondator Mearns, 1897; idoneus Jewett and Hall, 1940; labradorensis Bailey and Doutt, 1942; leucodontus Gray, 1869; mexicanus Bailey, 1913; michiganensis Bailey, 1913; missouriensis Bailey, 1919; pacificus Rhoads, 1898; pallidus Durrant and Crane, 1948; phaeus Heller, 1909; repentinus Goldman, 1932; rostralis Durrant and Crane, 1948; sagittatus Benson, 1933; shastensis Taylor, 1916; subauratus Taylor, 1912; taylori Davis, 1939; texensis Bailey, 1905.	Alaska and Canada south of the Arctic Circle (including Vancouver and Newfoundland), most of the continental United States (absent from parts of SW USA and from most of Florida), extending into N Mexico. See Hall (1981:604). Introduced to Tierra del Fuego (South America) and Eurasia, including Finland, NW Russia, Poland, Germany, and Austria.	IUCN  Data Deficient as C. c. phaeus (from Admiralty Island in Alaskas Alexander Archipelago); Not Evaluated as C. c. frondator and C. c. mexicanus; otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Jenkins and Busher (1979, Mammalian Species, 120). With the exception of pacificus (type locality Cascade Mtns, Washington), which was held in synonymy with leucodontus (type locality Vancouver Isl, British Columbia), Hall (1981) recognized all named forms as valid subspecies. Pending a critical review, no subspecies are recognized here.	American Beaver
12700055	Dipodomys microps subsp. aquilonius	Willett 1935	SUBSPECIES		aquilonius	microps		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700056	Dipodomys microps subsp. bonnevillei	Goldman 1937	SUBSPECIES		bonnevillei	microps		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12600005	Castor fiber	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			fiber		Castor	Castoridae	Rodentia	Syst. Nat., 10th ed vol.1 p.58		albicus Matschie, 1907; albus Kerr, 1792; balticus Matschie, 1907; belarusicus Lavrov, 1974; belorussicus Lavrov, 1981; bielorussieus Lavrov, 1983; birulai Serebrennikov, 1929; flavus Desmarest, 1822; fulvus Bechstein, 1801; galliae É. Geoffroy, 1803; gallicus Fischer, 1829; introductus Saveljev, 1997 [nomen nudum]; niger Desmarest, 1822; orientoeuropaeus Lavrov, 1981; osteuropaeus Lavrov, 1974; pohlei Serebrennikov, 1929; proprius Billberg, 1833; solitarius Kerr, 1792; tuvinicus Lavrov, 1969; variegatus Bechstein, 1801; varius Desmarest, 1822; vistulanus Matschie, 1907.	Throughout N Eurasia, including Austria, Belarus, Belgium, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Moldova, Mongolia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia (populations throughout), Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine; formerly extinct but reintroduced in many of these countries. See Nolet and Rosell (1998) and Véron (1992a).	U. S. ESA  Endangered as C. fiber birulai; IUCN  Critically Endangered as C. f. tuvinicus, Vulnerable as C. f. birulai and C. f. pohlei; otherwise Near Threatened.	Reviewed by Heidecke (1986), who recognized eight subspecies, and Véron (1992b), who recognized six; neither supported Lavrov (1983) in treating C. albicus as a separate species. Subspecific boundaries and resultant synonymies are unclear and further obscured by historical translocations and reintroductions.	Eurasian Beaver
12700001	Heteromyidae	Gray 1868	FAMILY						Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1868 p.201					Currently divided into three subfamilies: Dipodomyinae containing the Recent genera Dipodomys and Microdipodops, Heteromyinae with Heteromys and Liomys, and Perognathinae comprised of Chaetodipus and Perognathus. Content defined by Wood (1935), Hafner and Hafner (1983), Wahlert (1985, 1993), and Korth (1994). Considered as a subfamily in the family Geomyidae (along with the extant pocket gophers, Geomyinae, and fossil Entotychinae) by McKenna and Bell (1997), following earlier suggestions of Shotwell (1967b) and Lindsay (1972), with the subfamilies recognized here lowered to the rank of tribes. The hierarchical rank of both heteromyids and geomyids is partly a matter of taxonomic philosophy but it is also a decision that stems from the phylogenetic placement of the fossil entotychines. I accept the evidence presented by Wahlert (1988) and Korth (1994) that entotychines are the sister to the modern pocket gophers, and thus f... [truncated]	
12700002	Dipodomyinae	Gervais 1853	SUBFAMILY						Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Sci. Nat., Paris, ser. 3 vol.20 p.245					Wood (1935) allocated only the Recent genus Dipodomys to the subfamily; Hafner and Hafner (1983; see also Hafner, 1982) included Microdipodops, as did Wahlert (1985, 1993), Ryan (1989a), and Williams et al. (1993).	
12700003	Dipodomys	Gray 1841	GENUS					Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.7 p.521	Dipodomys phillipsii Gray 1841.	Dipodops  Merriam, 1890; Macrocolus Wagner, 1846; Perodipus Fitzinger, 1867.			Interspecific relationships summarized by Setzer (1949), Lidicker (1960), Johnson and Selander (1971), Stock (1974), Best and Schnell (1974), Schnell et al. (1978), Best (1993d), Baumgardner and Kennedy (1994), and Carrasco (2000). Hall (1981:563-564), Best (1991), and Williams et al. (1993) provide keys to Recent species.	
12700004	Dipodomys agilis	Gambel 1848	SPECIES			agilis		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.4 p.77		wagneri  LeConte, 1853; perplexus Merriam, 1907; fuscus Boulware, 1943.	SW and SC California (USA).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Specific distinctness of northern populations with 2n=62 (agilis) from southern forms with 2n=60 (simulans) documented by Best et al. (1986) and Sullivan and Best (1997a). Reviewed, in part, by Best (1978, 1983a) and Lackey (1967); see also Hall (1981:1179). Sullivan and Best (1997) and Williams et al. (1993) each listed two valid subspecies, with synonyms.	Agile Kangaroo Rat
12700005	Dipodomys agilis subsp. agilis	Gambel 1848	SUBSPECIES		agilis	agilis		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.4 p.77					See comments under species.	
12700021	Dipodomys heermanni	Le Conte 1853	SPECIES			heermanni		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.6 p.224		streatori  (Merriam, 1894); arenae Boulware, 1943; berkeleyensis Grinnell, 1919; dixoni (Grinnell, 1919); goldmani (Merriam, 1904); jolonensis Grinnell, 1919; morroensis (Merriam, 1907); swarthi (Grinnell, 1919); tularensis (Merriam, 1904).	Inner coastal ranges and western slopes of Sierra Nevada in C California (USA).	U.S. ESA and California Dept. of Fish and Game  Endangered as D. h. morroensis; U.S. ESA  Presumed Extinct as D. h. berkleyensis [sic]; IUCN  Critically Endangered as D. h. morroensis, Vulnerable as D. h. berkeleyensis, Lower Risk (nt) as D. h. dixoni, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	Revised by Grinnell (1922). Does not include californicus, see Patton et al. (1976), Williams et al. (1993), and comment under that species. Reviewed by Kelt (1988a, Mammalian Species No. 323). Williams et al. (1993) recognized all but streatori Merriam as valid subspecies.	Heermanns Kangaroo Rat
12700022	Dipodomys heermanni subsp. heermanni	Le Conte 1853	SUBSPECIES		heermanni	heermanni		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.6 p.224						
12700023	Dipodomys heermanni subsp. arenae	Boulware 1943	SUBSPECIES		arenae	heermanni		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700024	Dipodomys heermanni subsp. berkeleyensis	Grinnell 1919	SUBSPECIES		berkeleyensis	heermanni		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700025	Dipodomys heermanni subsp. dixoni	Grinnell 1919	SUBSPECIES		dixoni	heermanni		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700026	Dipodomys heermanni subsp. goldmani	Merriam 1904	SUBSPECIES		goldmani	heermanni		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700027	Dipodomys heermanni subsp. jolonensis	Grinnell 1919	SUBSPECIES		jolonensis	heermanni		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700028	Dipodomys heermanni subsp. morroensis	Merriam 1907	SUBSPECIES		morroensis	heermanni		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700029	Dipodomys heermanni subsp. swarthi	Grinnell 1919	SUBSPECIES		swarthi	heermanni		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700030	Dipodomys heermanni subsp. tularensis	Merriam 1904	SUBSPECIES		tularensis	heermanni		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700031	Dipodomys ingens	Merriam 1904	SPECIES			ingens		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.17 p.141			Western edge of Joaquin Valley, adjacent Carrizo and Elkhorn plains and upper Cuyama Valley of WC California (USA).	U.S. ESA Endangered; IUCN  Critically Endangered; and California Dept. of Fish and Game  Endangered. Extirpated over much of its original range.	Reviewed by Williams and Kilburn (1991, Mammalian Species No. 377) and Williams et al. (1993).	Giant Kangaroo Rat
12700059	Dipodomys microps subsp. idahoensis	Hall and Dale 1939	SUBSPECIES		idahoensis	microps		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700060	Dipodomys microps subsp. leucotis	Goldman 1931	SUBSPECIES		leucotis	microps		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700054	Dipodomys microps subsp. alfredi	Goldman 1937	SUBSPECIES		alfredi	microps		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700064	Dipodomys microps subsp. russeolus	Goldman 1939	SUBSPECIES		russeolus	microps		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700065	Dipodomys microps subsp. subtenuis	Goldman 1939	SUBSPECIES		subtenuis	microps		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700066	Dipodomys nelsoni	Merriam 1907	SPECIES			nelsoni		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.20 p.75			Mexican Plateau from N Coahuila and S Chihuahua to N San Luis Potosi and S Nuevo Leon (Mexico).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Nader (1978) included nelsoni in spectabilis; Anderson (1972) and Matson (1980) presented evidence of specific distinctness. Williams et al. (1993) summarized the evidence of the status of nelsoni and concluded that it is a distinct species. Reviewed by Best (1988b, Mammalian Species No. 326).	Nelsons Kangaroo Rat
12700094	Dipodomys ordii subsp. pallidus	Durrant and Setzer 1945	SUBSPECIES		pallidus	ordii		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700067	Dipodomys nitratoides	Merriam 1894	SPECIES			nitratoides		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.9 p.112		brevinasus  Grinnell, 1920; exilis Merriam, 1894.	S San Joaquin Valley, WC California (USA).	U.S. ESA  Endangered as D. n. nitratoides and D. n. exilis. IUCN  Critically Endangered as D. n. exilis and D. n. nitratoides, Lower Risk (nt) as D. nitratoides and as D. n. brevinasus. California Dept. of Fish and Game - Endangered as D. n. exilis; D. n. nitratoides is of Special Concern; and D. n. brevinasus is California Fully Protected.	Revised by Grinnell (1922) and reviewed by Best (1991, Mammalian Species No. 381) and Williams et al. (1993). Considered closely related to merriami, but clearly distinct based on morphological (e.g., baculum, Best and Schnell, 1974), chromosomal (Stock, 1974), and molecular (Johnson and Selander, 1971; Patton et al., 1976) characters.	San Joaquin Valley Kangaroo Rat
12700143	Microdipodops megacephalus subsp. polionotus	Grinnell 1914	SUBSPECIES		polionotus	megacephalus		Microdipodops	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700032	Dipodomys merriami	Mearns 1890	SPECIES			merriami		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.2 p.290		kernensis  Merriam, 1907; mortivallis Elliot, 1904; nevadensis Merriam, 1894; nitratus Merriam, 1894; regillus Goldman, 1937; similis Rhoads, 1894; simiolus Rhoads, 1894; ambiguus Merriam, 1890; annulus Huey, 1951; arenivagus Elliot, 1904; atronasus Merriam, 1894; brunensis Huey, 1951; collinus Lidicker, 1960; frenatus Bole, 1936; insularis Merriam, 1907; margaritae Merriam, 1907; mayensis Goldman, 1928; melanurus Merriam, 1893; llanoensis Huey, 1951; mitchelli Mearns, 1897; olivaceus Swarth, 1929; parvus Rhoads, 1894; platycephalus Merriam, 1907; semipallidus Huey, 1927; quintinensis Huey, 1951; trinidadensis Huey, 1951; vulcani Benson, 1934.	NW Nevada and NE California to Texas (USA), south to Baja California Sur, N Sinaloa, and Mexican Plateau to San Luis Potosi (Mexico).	U.S. ESA  Endangered as D. m. parvus. IUCN  Critically Endangered as D. margaritae and D. insularis; Data Deficient as D. m. collinus and D. m. parvus; otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	Revised by Lidicker (1960). Includes insularis Merriam, viewed as a separate species by Lidicker (1960; see also Huey, 1964, Hall, 1981, and Best and Thomas, 1991a, Mammalian Species No. 374), but as a subspecies of merriami by Best and Janecek (1992), Williams et al. (1993), and Patton and Alvarez-Castañeda (2000). Also includes margaritae Merriam (see Lidicker, 1960; Williams et al., 1993; Patton and Alvarez-Castañeda, 1999), which has been considered by others to be a distinct species (Best, 1992, Mammalian Species No. 400; Hall, 1981; Huey, 1964). The inclusion of both insularis and margaritae within merriami is supported by mitochondrial DNA sequence data (Riddle et al., 2000b), although these same data may eventually result in separation of populations of merriami (including insularis and margaritae) from the southern half of the Baja California Peninsula as a species separate from the remaining parts of... [truncated]	Merriams Kangaroo Rat
12700033	Dipodomys merriami subsp. merriami	Mearns 1890	SUBSPECIES		merriami	merriami		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.2 p.290						
12700034	Dipodomys merriami subsp. ambiguus	Merriam 1890	SUBSPECIES		ambiguus	merriami		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700035	Dipodomys merriami subsp. annulus	Huey 1951	SUBSPECIES		annulus	merriami		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700036	Dipodomys merriami subsp. arenivagus	Elliot 1904	SUBSPECIES		arenivagus	merriami		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700037	Dipodomys merriami subsp. atronasus	Merriam 1894	SUBSPECIES		atronasus	merriami		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700038	Dipodomys merriami subsp. brunensis	Huey 1951	SUBSPECIES		brunensis	merriami		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700039	Dipodomys merriami subsp. collinus	Lidicker 1960	SUBSPECIES		collinus	merriami		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700040	Dipodomys merriami subsp. frenatus	Bole 1936	SUBSPECIES		frenatus	merriami		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700041	Dipodomys merriami subsp. insularis	Merriam 1907	SUBSPECIES		insularis	merriami		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700042	Dipodomys merriami subsp. margaritae	Merriam 1907	SUBSPECIES		margaritae	merriami		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700043	Dipodomys merriami subsp. mayensis	Goldman 1928	SUBSPECIES		mayensis	merriami		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700044	Dipodomys merriami subsp. melanurus	Merriam 1893	SUBSPECIES		melanurus	merriami		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700045	Dipodomys merriami subsp. mitchelli	Mearns 1897	SUBSPECIES		mitchelli	merriami		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700046	Dipodomys merriami subsp. olivaceus	Swarth 1929	SUBSPECIES		olivaceus	merriami		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700047	Dipodomys merriami subsp. parvus	Rhoads 1894	SUBSPECIES		parvus	merriami		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700048	Dipodomys merriami subsp. platycephalus	Merriam 1907	SUBSPECIES		platycephalus	merriami		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700049	Dipodomys merriami subsp. quintinensis	Huey 1951	SUBSPECIES		quintinensis	merriami		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700050	Dipodomys merriami subsp. trinidadensis	Huey 1951	SUBSPECIES		trinidadensis	merriami		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700051	Dipodomys merriami subsp. vulcani	Benson 1934	SUBSPECIES		vulcani	merriami		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700052	Dipodomys microps	Merriam 1904	SPECIES			microps		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.17 p.145		alfredi  Goldman, 1937; aquilonius Willett, 1935; bonnevillei Goldman, 1937; celsus Goldman, 1924; woodburyi Hardy, 1942; centralis Hall and Dale, 1939; idahoensis Hall and Dale, 1939; leucotis Goldman, 1931; levipes (Merriam, 1904); occidentalis Hall and Dale, 1939; preblei (Goldman, 1921); russeolus Goldman, 1939; subtenuis Goldman, 1939.	SE Oregon and SW Idaho, south through NW and SE California, Nevada, and W Utah, to NW Arizona (USA).	IUCN  Vulnerable as D. m. leucotis, Data Deficient as D. m. alfredi, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	Revised by Hall and Dale (1939); reviewed by Csuti (1979) and Hayssen (1991, Mammalian Species No. 389). Williams et al. (1993) listed valid subspecies.	Chisel-toothed Kangaroo Rat
12700053	Dipodomys microps subsp. microps	Merriam 1904	SUBSPECIES		microps	microps		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.17 p.145						
12700071	Dipodomys ordii	Woodhouse 1853	SPECIES			ordii		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.6 p.224		celeripes  Durrant and Hall, 1939; chapmani Mearns, 1890; cinderensis Hardy, 1944; cineraceus Goldman, 1939; columbianus (Merriam, 1894); cupidineus Goldman, 1924; durranti Setzer, 1952 [replacement name for fuscus Setzer, 1949, which is preoccupied by fuscus Boulware, 1943, a subspecies of D. agilis]; evexus Goldman, 1933; extractus Setzer, 1949; fetosus Durrant and Hall, 1939; fremonti Durrant and Setzer, 1945; inaquosus Hall, 1941; longipes (Merriam, 1890); cleomophila Goldman, 1933; luteolus (Goldman, 1917); marshalli Goldman, 1937; medius Setzer, 1949; monoensis (Grinnell, 1919); montanus Baird, 1855; nexilis Goldman, 1933; obscurus (J. A. Allen, 1903); attenuatus Bryant, 1939; idoneus Setzer, 1949; oklahomae Trowbridge and Whitaker, 1940; pallidus Durrant and Setzer, 1945; palmeri (J. A. Allen, 1891); panguitchensis Hardy, 1942; priscus Hoffmeister, 1942; pullus Anderson, 1972; richardsoni (J. A. Allen, 1891); sanrafaeli Durrant and Setzer, 1945; terrosus Hoffmeister, 1942; uintensis Durrant and Setzer, 1945; utahensis (Merriam, 1904).	SW Saskatchewan and SE Alberta (Canada) and SE Washington south through Great Plains and intermontane basins of W USA, to Mexican Plateau as far south as Hidalgo (Mexico).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Revised by Setzer (1949) and reviewed by Garrison and Best (1990, Mammalian Species No. 353); subspecies follow Williams et al. (1993). Does not include compactus, see Schmidly and Hendricks (1976), Baumgardner and Schmidly (1981), and comment under that species. Williams et al. (1993) provide a list of what they consider as valid subspecies.	Ords Kangaroo Rat
12700072	Dipodomys ordii subsp. ordii	Woodhouse 1853	SUBSPECIES		ordii	ordii		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.6 p.224						
12700073	Dipodomys ordii subsp. celeripes	Durrant and Hall 1939	SUBSPECIES		celeripes	ordii		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700074	Dipodomys ordii subsp. chapmani	Mearns 1890	SUBSPECIES		chapmani	ordii		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700075	Dipodomys ordii subsp. cinderensis	Hardy 1944	SUBSPECIES		cinderensis	ordii		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700076	Dipodomys ordii subsp. cineraceus	Goldman 1939	SUBSPECIES		cineraceus	ordii		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700077	Dipodomys ordii subsp. columbianus	Merriam 1894	SUBSPECIES		columbianus	ordii		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700078	Dipodomys ordii subsp. cupidineus	Goldman 1924	SUBSPECIES		cupidineus	ordii		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700079	Dipodomys ordii subsp. durranti	Setzer 1952	SUBSPECIES		durranti	ordii		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia						Replacement name for fuscus Setzer, 1949, which is preoccupied by fuscus Boulware, 1943, a subspecies of D. agilis.	
12700080	Dipodomys ordii subsp. evexus	Goldman 1933	SUBSPECIES		evexus	ordii		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700081	Dipodomys ordii subsp. extractus	Setzer 1949	SUBSPECIES		extractus	ordii		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700082	Dipodomys ordii subsp. fetosus	Durrant and Hall 1939	SUBSPECIES		fetosus	ordii		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700083	Dipodomys ordii subsp. fremonti	Durrant and Setzer 1945	SUBSPECIES		fremonti	ordii		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700084	Dipodomys ordii subsp. inaquosus	Hall 1941	SUBSPECIES		inaquosus	ordii		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700087	Dipodomys ordii subsp. marshalli	Goldman 1937	SUBSPECIES		marshalli	ordii		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700088	Dipodomys ordii subsp. medius	Setzer 1949	SUBSPECIES		medius	ordii		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700089	Dipodomys ordii subsp. monoensis	Grinnell 1919	SUBSPECIES		monoensis	ordii		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700090	Dipodomys ordii subsp. montanus	Baird 1855	SUBSPECIES		montanus	ordii		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700091	Dipodomys ordii subsp. nexilis	Goldman 1933	SUBSPECIES		nexilis	ordii		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700095	Dipodomys ordii subsp. palmeri	J. A. Allen 1891	SUBSPECIES		palmeri	ordii		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700096	Dipodomys ordii subsp. panguitchensis	Hardy 1942	SUBSPECIES		panguitchensis	ordii		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700097	Dipodomys ordii subsp. priscus	Hoffmeister 1942	SUBSPECIES		priscus	ordii		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700098	Dipodomys ordii subsp. pullus	Anderson 1972	SUBSPECIES		pullus	ordii		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700099	Dipodomys ordii subsp. richardsoni	J. A. Allen 1891	SUBSPECIES		richardsoni	ordii		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700100	Dipodomys ordii subsp. sanrafaeli	Durrant and Setzer 1945	SUBSPECIES		sanrafaeli	ordii		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700101	Dipodomys ordii subsp. terrosus	Hoffmeister 1942	SUBSPECIES		terrosus	ordii		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700102	Dipodomys ordii subsp. uintensis	Durrant and Setzer 1945	SUBSPECIES		uintensis	ordii		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700104	Dipodomys panamintinus	Merriam 1894	SPECIES			panamintinus		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.9 p.114		argusensis  Huey, 1945; caudatus Hall, 1946; leucogenys (Grinnell, 1919); mohavensis (Grinnell, 1918).	Deserts of E California and W Nevada (USA).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Intress and Best (1990, Mammalian Species No. 354) and Williams et al. (1993).	Panamint Kangaroo Rat
12700105	Dipodomys panamintinus subsp. panamintinus	Merriam 1894	SUBSPECIES		panamintinus	panamintinus		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.9 p.114						
12700106	Dipodomys panamintinus subsp. argusensis	Huey 1945	SUBSPECIES		argusensis	panamintinus		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700107	Dipodomys panamintinus subsp. caudatus	Hall 1946	SUBSPECIES		caudatus	panamintinus		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700108	Dipodomys panamintinus subsp. leucogenys	Grinnell 1919	SUBSPECIES		leucogenys	panamintinus		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700109	Dipodomys panamintinus subsp. mohavensis	Grinnell 1918	SUBSPECIES		mohavensis	panamintinus		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700110	Dipodomys phillipsii	Gray 1841	SPECIES			phillipsii		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.7 p.522		oaxacae  Hooper, 1947; ornatus Merriam, 1894; perotensis Merriam, 1894.	C Durango south to N Oaxaca (Mexico).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Systematics reviewed by Genoways and Jones (1971); biology reviewed by Jones and Genoways (1975a, Mammalian Species No. 51).	Phillipss Kangaroo Rat
12700111	Dipodomys phillipsii subsp. phillipsii	Gray 1841	SUBSPECIES		phillipsii	phillipsii		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.7 p.522						
12700112	Dipodomys phillipsii subsp. oaxacae	Hooper 1947	SUBSPECIES		oaxacae	phillipsii		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700113	Dipodomys phillipsii subsp. ornatus	Merriam 1894	SUBSPECIES		ornatus	phillipsii		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700114	Dipodomys phillipsii subsp. perotensis	Merriam 1894	SUBSPECIES		perotensis	phillipsii		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700168	Heteromys desmarestianus subsp. fuscatus	J. A. Allen 1908	SUBSPECIES		fuscatus	desmarestianus	Heteromys	Heteromys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700169	Heteromys desmarestianus subsp. goldmani	Merriam 1902	SUBSPECIES		goldmani	desmarestianus	Heteromys	Heteromys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700115	Dipodomys simulans	Merriam 1904	SPECIES			simulans		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.17 p.144		australis  Huey, 1951; antiquarius Huey, 1962; cabezonae (Merriam, 1904); eremoecus Huey, 1951; latimaxilaris Huey, 1925; martirensis Huey, 1927; paralius Huey, 1951; pedionomus Huey, 1951; plectilis Huey, 1951; peninsularis (Merriam, 1907).	Coastal southern California (USA) south to southern Baja California Sur (Mexico).		Systematics reviewed by Sullivan and Best (1997a), who documented the specific distinctness of simulans from D. agilis (see account of that species). Several included taxa (e.g., peninsularis, antiquarius, paralius) listed by Hall (1981) as distinct species. Two subspecies (simulans and peninsularis) recognized as valid by Sullivan and Best (1997a) and Williams et al. (1993), but these authors disagree in their allocation of synonyms to each; the account here follows Sullivan and Best (1997a). Phenotypic variation reviewed by Sullivan and Best (1997b).	Dulzura Kangaroo Rat
12700116	Dipodomys simulans subsp. simulans	Merriam 1904	SUBSPECIES		simulans	simulans		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.17 p.144					See comments under species.	
12700117	Dipodomys simulans subsp. peninsularis	Merriam 1907	SUBSPECIES		peninsularis	simulans		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia						See comments under species.	
12700118	Dipodomys spectabilis	Merriam 1890	SPECIES			spectabilis		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	N. Am. Fauna vol.4 p.46		baileyi  Goldman, 1923; clarencei Goldman, 1933; cratodon Merriam, 1907; intermedius Nader, 1965; perblandus Goldman, 1933; zygomaticus Goldman, 1923.	SC Arizona, New Mexico, W Texas (USA) south to N Sonora, Chihuahua and San Luis Potosi (Mexico).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Revised by Nader (1978) who included nelsoni; but also see Anderson (1972), Matson (1980), Hall (1981:581), and Williams et al. (1993) who presented evidence of specific distinctness. Reviewed by Best (1988a, Mammalian Species No. 311). Subspecies listed by Best (1988a) and Williams et al. (1993).	Banner-tailed Kangaroo Rat
12700119	Dipodomys spectabilis subsp. spectabilis	Merriam 1890	SUBSPECIES		spectabilis	spectabilis		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	N. Am. Fauna vol.4 p.46						
12700120	Dipodomys spectabilis subsp. baileyi	Goldman 1923	SUBSPECIES		baileyi	spectabilis		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700121	Dipodomys spectabilis subsp. cratodon	Merriam 1907	SUBSPECIES		cratodon	spectabilis		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700122	Dipodomys spectabilis subsp. intermedius	Nader 1965	SUBSPECIES		intermedius	spectabilis		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700125	Dipodomys stephensi	Merriam 1907	SPECIES			stephensi		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.20 p.78		cascus  Huey, 1962.	Riverside, San Bernardino, and San Diego Cos. of S California (USA).	U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Lower Risk (conservation dependent); California Dept. of Fish and Game  Threatened.	Relationships to other species of the heermanni group studied by Lackey (1967). Reviewed by Bleich (1977, Mammalian Species No. 73).	Stephenss Kangaroo Rat
13700677	Desmana	Güldenstaedt 1777	GENUS					Desmana	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	Beschaft. Berliner Ges. Naturforsch. Fr. vol.3 p.108	Castor moschatus Linnaeus, 1758.	Caprios  Wagler, 1830; Desman Lacepède, 1799; Desmanus Rafinesque, 1815; Galemodesmana Topachevskii and Pashkov, 1983; Myale Gray, 1821; Mygale Cuvier, 1800 [not Latreille, 1802]; Myogale Brandt, 1836; Myogalea J. B. Fischer, 1829; Palaeospalax Owen, 1846; Pliodesmana Topachevskii and Pashkov, 1983; Praedesmana Topachevskii and Pashkov, 1983.				
12700126	Dipodomys venustus	Merriam 1904	SPECIES			venustus		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.17 p.142		elephantinus  (Grinnell, 1919); sanctiluciae Grinnell, 1919.	Outer coast ranges from S San Francisco Bay to Estero Bay and Gabilan Range of San Benito and Monterey counties, WC California (USA).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Revised by Grinnell (1922), who considered elephantinus a separate species. Best et al. (1996) concluded that elephantinus was only a subspecies of venustus, based on both molecular and morphological comparisons; also see Stock (1974), Schnell et al. (1978), and Hall (1981:574). Dipodomys venustus, exclusive of elephantinus, was reviewed by Best (1992, Mammalian Species No. 403); elephantinus as a distinct species was reviewed by Best (1986, Mammalian Species No. 255).	Narrow-faced Kangaroo Rat
12700127	Dipodomys venustus subsp. venustus	Merriam 1904	SUBSPECIES		venustus	venustus		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.17 p.142					See comments under species.	
12700128	Dipodomys venustus subsp. elephantinus	Grinnell 1919	SUBSPECIES		elephantinus	venustus		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia						See comments under species.	
12700129	Dipodomys venustus subsp. sanctiluciae	Grinnell 1919	SUBSPECIES		sanctiluciae	venustus		Dipodomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700130	Microdipodops	Merriam 1891	GENUS					Microdipodops	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	N. Am. Fauna vol.5 p.115	Microdipodops megacephalus Merriam, 1891.				Revised by Hall (1941); also see Hafner et al. (1979). Wood (1935), Hafner (1978), and Hall (1981) considered Microdipodops a member of the subfamily Perognathinae. Hafner (1982), Hafner and Hafner (1983), Wahlert (1985), and Ryan (1989a) summarized evidence for referring the genus to the subfamily Dipodomyinae. Hall (1981:560) and Williams et al. (1993:92) provide keys to species.	
12700170	Heteromys desmarestianus subsp. panamensis	Goldman 1912	SUBSPECIES		panamensis	desmarestianus	Heteromys	Heteromys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700131	Microdipodops megacephalus	Merriam 1891	SPECIES			megacephalus		Microdipodops	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	N. Am. Fauna vol.5 p.116		albiventer  Hall and Durrant, 1937; ambiguus Hall, 1941; atrirelictus Hafner, 1985; californicus Merriam, 1901; leucotis Hall and Durrant, 1941; medius Hall, 1941; nasutus Hall, 1941; nexus Hall, 1941; oregonus Merriam, 1901; paululus Hall and Durrant, 1941; polionotus Grinnell, 1914; sabulonis Hall, 1941.	SE Oregon, S Idaho, NE and EC California, N and C Nevada, and WC Utah (USA).	IUCN  Vulnerable as M. m. atrirelictus, Data Deficient as M. m. nexus, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by O'Farrell and Blaustein (1974a, Mammalian Species No. 46). Hafner et al. (1979) discounted the suggestion by Hall (1941:380-382) of hybridization between megacephalus and pallidus. Also, Hall's suggestion (1981:560) that leucotis may warrant specific status is not supported (see Hafner and Hafner, 1983). Subspecies listed by Williams et al. (1993).	Dark Kangaroo Mouse
12700132	Microdipodops megacephalus subsp. megacephalus	Merriam 1891	SUBSPECIES		megacephalus	megacephalus		Microdipodops	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	N. Am. Fauna vol.5 p.116						
12700133	Microdipodops megacephalus subsp. albiventer	Hall and Durrant 1937	SUBSPECIES		albiventer	megacephalus		Microdipodops	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700134	Microdipodops megacephalus subsp. ambiguus	Hall 1941	SUBSPECIES		ambiguus	megacephalus		Microdipodops	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700135	Microdipodops megacephalus subsp. atrirelictus	Hafner 1985	SUBSPECIES		atrirelictus	megacephalus		Microdipodops	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700136	Microdipodops megacephalus subsp. californicus	Merriam 1901	SUBSPECIES		californicus	megacephalus		Microdipodops	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700137	Microdipodops megacephalus subsp. leucotis	Hall and Durrant 1941	SUBSPECIES		leucotis	megacephalus		Microdipodops	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700138	Microdipodops megacephalus subsp. medius	Hall 1941	SUBSPECIES		medius	megacephalus		Microdipodops	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700139	Microdipodops megacephalus subsp. nasutus	Hall 1941	SUBSPECIES		nasutus	megacephalus		Microdipodops	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700140	Microdipodops megacephalus subsp. nexus	Hall 1941	SUBSPECIES		nexus	megacephalus		Microdipodops	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700141	Microdipodops megacephalus subsp. oregonus	Merriam 1901	SUBSPECIES		oregonus	megacephalus		Microdipodops	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700144	Microdipodops megacephalus subsp. sabulonis	Hall 1941	SUBSPECIES		sabulonis	megacephalus		Microdipodops	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700145	Microdipodops pallidus	Merriam 1901	SPECIES			pallidus		Microdipodops	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.14 p.127		dickeyi  Goldman, 1927; lucidus Goldman, 1926; ammophilus Hall, 1941; purus Hall, 1941; restrictus Hafner, 1985; ruficollaris Hall, 1941.	EC California, W and SC Nevada (USA).	IUCN  Vulnerable as M. p. restrictus, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by O'Farrell and Blaustein (1974b, Mammalian Species No. 47). Subspecies follow Williams et al. (1993).	Pale Kangaroo Mouse
12700146	Microdipodops pallidus subsp. pallidus	Merriam 1901	SUBSPECIES		pallidus	pallidus		Microdipodops	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.14 p.127						
12700147	Microdipodops pallidus subsp. ammophilus	Hall 1941	SUBSPECIES		ammophilus	pallidus		Microdipodops	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700148	Microdipodops pallidus subsp. purus	Hall 1941	SUBSPECIES		purus	pallidus		Microdipodops	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700149	Microdipodops pallidus subsp. restrictus	Hafner 1985	SUBSPECIES		restrictus	pallidus		Microdipodops	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700150	Microdipodops pallidus subsp. ruficollaris	Hall 1941	SUBSPECIES		ruficollaris	pallidus		Microdipodops	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700151	Heteromyinae	Gray 1868	SUBFAMILY						Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1868 p.201					Contains the Recent genera Heteromys and Liomys, following Wood (1935), Wahlert (1985, 1993), and Ryan (1989a). However, a review of the generic limits is warranted because biochemical data (Rogers, 1990) suggest that Heteromys as currently defined is paraphyletic relative to Liomys. Williams et al. (1993:100) provided a key to genera.	
12700171	Heteromys desmarestianus subsp. planifrons	Goldman 1937	SUBSPECIES		planifrons	desmarestianus	Heteromys	Heteromys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700172	Heteromys desmarestianus subsp. repens	Bangs 1902	SUBSPECIES		repens	desmarestianus	Heteromys	Heteromys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700173	Heteromys desmarestianus subsp. subaffinis	Goldman 1937	SUBSPECIES		subaffinis	desmarestianus	Heteromys	Heteromys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700174	Heteromys desmarestianus subsp. temporalis	Goldman 1911	SUBSPECIES		temporalis	desmarestianus	Heteromys	Heteromys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700152	Heteromys	Desmarest 1817	GENUS					Heteromys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., Nouv. ed. vol.14 p.181	Mus anomalus Thompson, 1815.	Xylomys  Merriam, 1902.			Includes Xylomys as a subgenus for H. nelsoni (see also Hall, 1981, and Williams et al., 1993), although the validity of subgenera is questionable (R. P. Anderson, pers. comm.). Revised by Goldman (1911), with systematics currently under review by R. P. Anderson (pers. comm.). Rogers and Schmidly (1982) partially revised the desmarestianus group. Rogers (1989, 1990) discussed phylogenetic relationships among species, and remarked on at least one undescribed species from Costa Rica, as did Handley (1976) from Venezuela. Distribution and systematics of Colombian species reviewed by Anderson (1999 [2000]). Key to subgenera and species given by Williams et al. (1993:101); Schmidt et al. (1989) also provide a key to species.	
12700153	Heteromys	Desmarest 1817	SUBGENUS				Heteromys	Heteromys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., Nouv. ed. vol.14 p.181	Mus anomalus Thompson, 1815.					
12700154	Xylomys	Merriam 1902	SUBGENUS				Xylomys	Heteromys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia		Heteromys nelsoni Merriam, 1902.					
12700155	Heteromys anomalus	Thompson 1815	SPECIES			anomalus	Heteromys	Heteromys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol.11 p.161		bicolor  (Gray, 1868); thompsonii Lesson, 1827; melanoleucus Gray, 1868; brachialis Osgood, 1912; hershkovitzi Hernández-Camacho, 1956; jesupi J. A. Allen, 1899.	N Colombia, including Magdalena Valley, east to N Venezuela, Trinidad, Tobago, and Margarita Isl. It does not enter Panama (contra Rogers, 1990; Méndez, 1993; Williams et al., 1993; Nowak, 1999; see Anderson, 1999 [2000]).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Heteromys. Subspecies listed by Williams et al. (1993) and distribution mapped by Eisenberg (1989) and Anderson (1999 [2000]). As currently understood, anomalus is likely composite. Anderson (2002) recently described H. oasicus from NW Venezuela, a taxon that Handley (1976) regarded as distinct from anomalus. Populations from the Cordillera de la Costa of Venezuela, above 1000 m, also represent an undescribed species (R. P. Anderson, pers. comm.).	Caribbean Spiny Pocket Mouse
12700156	Heteromys anomalus subsp. anomalus	Thompson 1815	SUBSPECIES		anomalus	anomalus	Heteromys	Heteromys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol.11 p.161						
12700157	Heteromys anomalus subsp. brachialis	Osgood 1912	SUBSPECIES		brachialis	anomalus	Heteromys	Heteromys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700158	Heteromys anomalus subsp. hershkovitzi	Hernández-Camacho 1956	SUBSPECIES		hershkovitzi	anomalus	Heteromys	Heteromys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700159	Heteromys anomalus subsp. jesupi	J. A. Allen 1899	SUBSPECIES		jesupi	anomalus	Heteromys	Heteromys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700237	Chaetodipus fallax subsp. majusculus	Huey 1960	SUBSPECIES		majusculus	fallax		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700160	Heteromys australis	Thomas 1901	SPECIES			australis	Heteromys	Heteromys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.7 p.194		lomitenis  J. A. Allen, 1912; conscius Goldman, 1913, pacificus Pearson, 1939.	E Panama south to SW Colombia and NW Ecuador, both slopes of the Cordillera Occidental and Cordillera Central and western slope of the Cordillera Oriental of Colombia. Disjunct population present in Cordillera de Mérida in Venezuela (Anderson and Soriano, 1999; Anderson, 1999 [2000]).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Heteromys. Subspecies listed by Williams et al. (1993) and distribution mapped by Anderson (1999 [2000]).	Southern Spiny Pocket Mouse
12700161	Heteromys australis subsp. australis	Thomas 1901	SUBSPECIES		australis	australis	Heteromys	Heteromys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.7 p.194						
12700162	Heteromys australis subsp. conscius	Goldman 1913	SUBSPECIES		conscius	australis	Heteromys	Heteromys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700163	Heteromys australis subsp. pacificus	Pearson 1939	SUBSPECIES		pacificus	australis	Heteromys	Heteromys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700164	Heteromys desmarestianus	Gray 1868	SPECIES			desmarestianus	Heteromys	Heteromys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1868 p.204		griseus  Merriam, 1902; lepturus Merriam, 1902; longicaudatus Gray, 1868; nigricaudatus Goodwin, 1956; psakastus Dickey, 1928; chiriquensis Enders, 1938; crassirostris Goldman, 1912; fuscatus J. A. Allen, 1908; goldmani Merriam, 1902; panamensis Goldman, 1912; planifrons Goldman, 1937; repens Bangs, 1902; subaffinis Goldman, 1937; temporalis Goldman, 1911; underwoodi Goodwin, 1943; zonalis Goldman, 1912.	SE Tobasco (Mexico) south to NW Colombia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as H. desmarestianus; Lower Risk (nt) as H. goldmani.	Subgenus Heteromys. Goodwin (1969) and Rogers and Schmidly (1982) provided partial revisions. I follow Rogers (1990) and Williams et al. (1993) and include goldmani (contra Patton, 1993b). Subspecies listed by Williams et al. (1993). Given the extent of chromosomal and allozymic diversity (Rogers, 1989, 1990), desmarestianus is likely to be composite, with several described taxa to be elevated to species status and additional species to be described (R. P. Anderson, pers. comm.).	Desmarests Spiny Pocket Mouse
12700165	Heteromys desmarestianus subsp. desmarestianus	Gray 1868	SUBSPECIES		desmarestianus	desmarestianus	Heteromys	Heteromys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1868 p.204						
12700166	Heteromys desmarestianus subsp. chiriquensis	Enders 1938	SUBSPECIES		chiriquensis	desmarestianus	Heteromys	Heteromys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700167	Heteromys desmarestianus subsp. crassirostris	Goldman 1912	SUBSPECIES		crassirostris	desmarestianus	Heteromys	Heteromys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700175	Heteromys desmarestianus subsp. underwoodi	Goodwin 1943	SUBSPECIES		underwoodi	desmarestianus	Heteromys	Heteromys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700176	Heteromys desmarestianus subsp. zonalis	Goldman 1912	SUBSPECIES		zonalis	desmarestianus	Heteromys	Heteromys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700177	Heteromys gaumeri	J. A. Allen and Chapman 1897	SPECIES			gaumeri	Heteromys	Heteromys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.9 p.9			Endemic to Yucatan Peninsula (Mexico), N Belize, and N Guatemala.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Heteromys. Reviewed by Engstrom et al. (1987a) and Schmidt et al. (1989, Mammalian Species No. 345). Both Engstrom et al. (1987a) and Rogers (1990) suggested that this taxon might deserve separate subgeneric status, as yet unnamed.	Gaumers Spiny Pocket Mouse
12800348	Thomomys talpoides subsp. monoensis	Huey 1934	SUBSPECIES		monoensis	talpoides	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12700178	Heteromys nelsoni	Merriam 1902	SPECIES			nelsoni	Xylomys	Heteromys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.15 p.43			Known only from S Chiapas (Mexico) and W Guatemala.	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Type species of subgenus Xylomys Merriam, which is of debatable validity (R. P. Anderson, pers. comm.). Reviewed by Rogers and Rogers (1992b, Mammalian Species No. 397).	Nelsons Spiny Pocket Mouse
12700179	Heteromys oasicus	Anderson 2003	SPECIES			oasicus	Heteromys	Heteromys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.3396 p.9			Known only from Cerro Santa Ana and the Fila de Monte Cano on the Penínsulsa de Paraguaná, Estado Falcón, Venezuela.		This is the species recognized by Handley (1976) as undescribed at that time; reported as H. anomalus by Bisbal-E. (1990).	Paraguaná Spiny Pocket Mouse
12700180	Heteromys oresterus	Harris 1932	SPECIES			oresterus	see comments	Heteromys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan vol.248 p.4			Talamanca Range of Costa Rica.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Hall (1981) placed oresterus in the subgenus Xylomys but Rogers (1989, 1990) presented evidence that oresterus was not closely related to nelsoni, the type species of Xylomys. Reviewed by Rogers and Rogers (1992a, Mammalian Species No. 396).	Mountain Spiny Pocket Mouse
12700181	Heteromys teleus	Anderson and Jarrín-V. 2002	SPECIES			teleus	Heteromys	Heteromys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.3382 p.6			Pacific lowlands of Ecuador.			Ecuadoran Spiny Pocket Mouse
12700238	Chaetodipus fallax subsp. pallidus	Mearns 1901	SUBSPECIES		pallidus	fallax		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700182	Liomys	Merriam 1902	GENUS					Liomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.15 p.44	Heteromys alleni Coues, 1881 (= L. irroratus alleni, see Genoways, 1973).				Revised by Genoways (1973) with current taxonomy reviewed by Williams et al. (1993). Rogers (1989, 1990) discussed phylogenetic relationships among species and relative to Heteromys. Genoways (1973:44-45), Dowler and Genoways (1978), and Williams et al. (1993) provide keys to species. Cervantes et al. (1999b) summarized karyotypic variability and relationships among Mexican species.	
12700183	Liomys adspersus	Peters 1874	SPECIES			adspersus		Liomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss., Berlin p.357			C Panama, principally Pacific versant.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).		Panamanian Spiny Pocket Mouse
12700184	Liomys irroratus	Gray 1868	SPECIES			irroratus		Liomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1868 p.205		albolimbatus  (Gray, 1868); yautepecus Goodwin, 1956; alleni (Coues, 1881); acutus Hall and Villa-R., 1948; canus Merriam, 1902; pullus Hooper, 1947; bulleri (Thomas, 1893); guerrerensis (Goldman, 1911); jaliscensis (J. A. Allen, 1906); texensis Merriam, 1902; pretiosus Goldman, 1911; torridus Merriam, 1902; exiguus (Elliot, 1903); minor Merriam, 1902.	S Texas (USA), and SC Chihuahua to Oaxaca (Mexico).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Dowler and Genoways (1978, Mammalian Species No. 82). Currently recognized subspecies delineated by Williams et al. (1993).	Mexican Spiny Pocket Mouse
12700185	Liomys irroratus subsp. irroratus	Gray 1868	SUBSPECIES		irroratus	irroratus		Liomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1868 p.205						
12700186	Liomys irroratus subsp. alleni	Coues 1881	SUBSPECIES		alleni	irroratus		Liomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700187	Liomys irroratus subsp. bulleri	Thomas 1893	SUBSPECIES		bulleri	irroratus		Liomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700188	Liomys irroratus subsp. guerrerensis	Goldman 1911	SUBSPECIES		guerrerensis	irroratus		Liomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700189	Liomys irroratus subsp. jaliscensis	J. A. Allen 1906	SUBSPECIES		jaliscensis	irroratus		Liomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700190	Liomys irroratus subsp. texensis	Merriam 1902	SUBSPECIES		texensis	irroratus		Liomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700191	Liomys irroratus subsp. torridus	Merriam 1902	SUBSPECIES		torridus	irroratus		Liomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700210	Chaetodipus arenarius subsp. helleri	Elliot 1903	SUBSPECIES		helleri	arenarius		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700211	Chaetodipus arenarius subsp. mexicalis	Huey 1939	SUBSPECIES		mexicalis	arenarius		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700212	Chaetodipus arenarius subsp. paralios	Huey 1964	SUBSPECIES		paralios	arenarius		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12800189	Thomomys bottae subsp. catavinensis	Huey 1931	SUBSPECIES		catavinensis	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12700213	Chaetodipus arenarius subsp. sabulosus	Huey 1964	SUBSPECIES		sabulosus	arenarius		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700214	Chaetodipus arenarius subsp. siccus	Osgood 1907	SUBSPECIES		siccus	arenarius		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700215	Chaetodipus arenarius subsp. sublucidus	Nelson and Goldman 1929	SUBSPECIES		sublucidus	arenarius		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12800347	Thomomys talpoides subsp. meritus	Hall 1951	SUBSPECIES		meritus	talpoides	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12700192	Liomys pictus	Thomas 1893	SPECIES			pictus		Liomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.12 p.233		isthmius  Merriam, 1902; obscurus Merriam, 1902; orbitalis Merriam, 1902; paralius (Elliot, 1903); phaeura Merriam, 1902; pinetorum Goodwin, 1956; rostratus Merriam, 1902; veraecrucis Merriam, 1902; annectens (Merriam, 1902); hispidus (J. A. Allen, 1897); escuinapae (J. A. Allen, 1906); sonorana Merriam, 1902; plantinarensis Merriam, 1902; parviceps Goldman, 1904.	West coast of Mexico from Sonora to Chiapas, and east coast in Veracruz south to extreme NW Guatemala.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by McGhee and Genoways (1978, Mammalian Species No. 83). Genic data suggest that pictus as currently comprised is paraphyletic; additional species are likely to be recognized with further analyses (see Morales and Engstrom, 1989, and Rogers, 1990). Williams et al. (1993) reviewed subspecific taxonomy.	Painted Spiny Pocket Mouse
12700193	Liomys pictus subsp. pictus	Thomas 1893	SUBSPECIES		pictus	pictus		Liomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.12 p.233						
12700194	Liomys pictus subsp. annectens	Merriam 1902	SUBSPECIES		annectens	pictus		Liomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700195	Liomys pictus subsp. hispidus	J. A. Allen 1897	SUBSPECIES		hispidus	pictus		Liomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700196	Liomys pictus subsp. plantinarensis	Merriam 1902	SUBSPECIES		plantinarensis	pictus		Liomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700197	Liomys salvini	Thomas 1893	SPECIES			salvini		Liomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.11 p.331		anthonyi  Goodwin, 1932; aterrimus Goodwin, 1938; heterothrix Merriam, 1902; nigrescens (Thomas, 1893); crispus Merriam, 1902; setosus Merriam, 1902; vulcani (J. A. Allen, 1908).	E Oaxaca (Mexico) south to C Costa Rica.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Carter and Genoways (1978, Mammalian Species No. 84). Williams et al. (1993) delimited subspecies.	Salvins Spiny Pocket Mouse
12700198	Liomys salvini subsp. salvini	Thomas 1893	SUBSPECIES		salvini	salvini		Liomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.11 p.331						
12700199	Liomys salvini subsp. crispus	Merriam 1902	SUBSPECIES		crispus	salvini		Liomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700200	Liomys salvini subsp. vulcani	J. A. Allen 1908	SUBSPECIES		vulcani	salvini		Liomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700201	Liomys spectabilis	Genoways 1971	SPECIES			spectabilis		Liomys	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Occas. Papers Mus. Nat. Hist., Univ. Kansas vol.5 p.1			SE Jalisco (Mexico).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).		Jaliscan Spiny Pocket Mouse
12700202	Perognathinae	Coues 1875	SUBFAMILY						Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.27 p.277					Subfamily name emended by Wood (1935); originally given by Coues as Perognathidinae. Wood (1935:89), Hafner (1978), and Hall (1981) included Microdipodops in the subfamily, a course not followed by Hafner and Hafner (1983), Wahlert (1985, 1988), Ryan (1989a), and Williams et al. (1993). Williams et al. (1993:121) provide a key to the genera.	
12700203	Chaetodipus	Merriam 1889	GENUS					Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	N. Am. Fauna vol.1 p.5	Perognathus spinatus Merriam, 1889.	Burtognathus  Hoffmeister, 1986.			Species revised by Merriam (1889) and Osgood (1900) under the generic name Perognathus; both authors considered Chaetodipus as a valid subgenus (see also Hall, 1981). Raised to generic status by Hafner and Hafner (1983), an action followed by most subsequent authors. Includes Burtognathus (see Hoffmeister, 1986), defined as a subgenus to contain the single species C. hispidus; see also Williams et al. (1993). Chromosomal and biochemical systematics summarized by Patton and Rogers (1993a, b). Best (1993f) and Williams et al. (1993:122-124) provide keys to Recent species.	
12700204	Chaetodipus arenarius	Merriam 1894	SPECIES			arenarius		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Proc. California Acad. Sci., ser. 2 vol.4 p.461		albescens  (Huey, 1926); albulus (Nelson and Goldman, 1923); ambiguus (Nelson and Goldman, 1929); ammophilus (Osgood, 1907); helleri (Elliot, 1903); mexicalis (Huey, 1939); paralios (Huey, 1964); sabulosus (Huey, 1964); siccus (Osgood, 1907); sublucidus (Nelson and Goldman, 1929).	Baja California Peninsula (Mexico).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Huey (1964) and Lackey (1991a, Mammalian Species No. 384). Subspecies reviewed by Williams et al. (1993) and Patton and Alvarez-Castañeda (1999).	Little Desert Pocket Mouse
12700205	Chaetodipus arenarius subsp. arenarius	Merriam 1894	SUBSPECIES		arenarius	arenarius		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Proc. California Acad. Sci., ser. 2 vol.4 p.461						
12700206	Chaetodipus arenarius subsp. albescens	Huey 1926	SUBSPECIES		albescens	arenarius		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700207	Chaetodipus arenarius subsp. albulus	Nelson and Goldman 1923	SUBSPECIES		albulus	arenarius		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700208	Chaetodipus arenarius subsp. ambiguus	Nelson and Goldman 1929	SUBSPECIES		ambiguus	arenarius		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700209	Chaetodipus arenarius subsp. ammophilus	Osgood 1907	SUBSPECIES		ammophilus	arenarius		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700216	Chaetodipus artus	Osgood 1900	SPECIES			artus		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	N. Am. Fauna vol.18 p.55			S Sonora, SW Chihuahua, W Durango, Sinaloa, and N Nayarit (Mexico).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Revised by Anderson (1964). Taxonomy and distribution reviewed by Williams et al. (1993) and Patton and Alvarez-Castañeda (1999); biology reviewed by Best and Lackey (1992a, Mammalian Species No. 418).	Narrow-skulled Pocket Mouse
12700217	Chaetodipus baileyi	Merriam 1894	SPECIES			baileyi		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.46 p.262		domensis  Goldman, 1928; insularis Townsend, 1912.	S Arizona, SW New Mexico (USA), south to N Sinaloa (Mexico).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Paulson (1988a, Mammalian Species No. 297). Species now restricted to populations and subspecies from east of the Colorado River in Arizona, SW New Mexico, Sonora, and N Sinaloa; those from west of the Colorado River in California and Baja California are now regarded as C. rudinoris (see account below and Riddle et al., 2000a).	Baileys Pocket Mouse
12700218	Chaetodipus baileyi subsp. baileyi	Merriam 1894	SUBSPECIES		baileyi	baileyi		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.46 p.262						
12700219	Chaetodipus baileyi subsp. insularis	Townsend 1912	SUBSPECIES		insularis	baileyi		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700239	Chaetodipus fallax subsp. xerotrophicus	Huey 1960	SUBSPECIES		xerotrophicus	fallax		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
13500078	Ochotona rufescens subsp. regina	Thomas 1911	SUBSPECIES		regina	rufescens	Ochotona	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha							
12700220	Chaetodipus californicus	Merriam 1889	SPECIES			californicus		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	N. Am. Fauna vol.1 p.26		armatus  (Merriam, 1889); bensoni (von Bloeker, 1938); bernardinus (Benson, 1930); dispar (Osgood, 1900); femoralis (J. A. Allen, 1891); marinensis (von Bloeker, 1938); mesopolius (Elliot, 1903); ochrus (Osgood, 1904).	C California (USA) to N Baja California (Mexico).	IUCN  Data Deficient as C. c. femoralis, otherwise Lower Risk (lc);.	Subspecies listed by Hall (1981) and Williams et al. (1993).	California Pocket Mouse
12700221	Chaetodipus californicus subsp. californicus	Merriam 1889	SUBSPECIES		californicus	californicus		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	N. Am. Fauna vol.1 p.26						
12700222	Chaetodipus californicus subsp. bensoni	von Bloeker 1938	SUBSPECIES		bensoni	californicus		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700223	Chaetodipus californicus subsp. bernardinus	Benson 1930	SUBSPECIES		bernardinus	californicus		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700224	Chaetodipus californicus subsp. dispar	Osgood 1900	SUBSPECIES		dispar	californicus		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700225	Chaetodipus californicus subsp. femoralis	J. A. Allen 1891	SUBSPECIES		femoralis	californicus		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700226	Chaetodipus californicus subsp. marinensis	von Bloeker 1938	SUBSPECIES		marinensis	californicus		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700227	Chaetodipus californicus subsp. mesopolius	Elliot 1903	SUBSPECIES		mesopolius	californicus		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700228	Chaetodipus californicus subsp. ochrus	Osgood 1904	SUBSPECIES		ochrus	californicus		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700229	Chaetodipus dalquesti	Roth 1976	SPECIES			dalquesti		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	J. Mammal. vol.57 p.562			Cape Region of Baja California Sur (Mexico).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as included in C. arenarius.	Considered a subspecies of C. arenarius by Patton (1993b), Williams et al. (1993), and Patton and Alvarez-Castañeda (1999), with which it shares an identical karyotype (Hafner and Hafner, 1983). However, both mitochondrial DNA (Riddle et al., 2000b) and morphology (D. J. Hafner, pers. comm.) suggest separate species status, although a complete analysis of the relationships of dalquesti to arenarius has not as yet been made.	Dalquests Pocket Mouse
12700230	Chaetodipus eremicus	Mearns 1898	SPECIES			eremicus		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.10 p.300		atrodorsalis  (Dalquest, 1951).	Chihuahuan Desert from S New Mexico and Trans-Pecos Texas (USA) through Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Zacatecas, Nuevo Leon, and San Luis Potosi (Mexico).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as included in C. penicillatus.	Hoffmeister and Lee (1967), Hall (1981), Patton (1993b), and Williams et al. (1993) considered both eremicus and atrodorsalis subspecies of C. penicillatus. Lee et al. (1996) elevated eremicus to species status, with atrodorsalis a subspecies, based on mitochondrial DNA sequence divergence and the previously recognized sharply divergent karyotypes (Patton, 1969a) and allozyme differences (Patton et al., 1981).	Chihuahuan Pocket Mouse
12700231	Chaetodipus eremicus subsp. eremicus	Mearns 1898	SUBSPECIES		eremicus	eremicus		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.10 p.300					See comments under species.	
12700232	Chaetodipus eremicus subsp. atrodorsalis	Dalquest 1951	SUBSPECIES		atrodorsalis	eremicus		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia						See comments under species.	
12700298	Chaetodipus spinatus subsp. peninsulae	Merriam 1894	SUBSPECIES		peninsulae	spinatus		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700299	Chaetodipus spinatus subsp. prietae	Huey 1930	SUBSPECIES		prietae	spinatus		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700296	Chaetodipus spinatus subsp. occultus	Nelson 1912	SUBSPECIES		occultus	spinatus		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700233	Chaetodipus fallax	Merriam 1889	SPECIES			fallax		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	N. Am. Fauna vol.1 p.19		anthonyi  (Osgood, 1900); inopinus (Nelson and Goldman, 1929); majusculus (Huey, 1960); pallidus (Mearns, 1901); xerotrophicus (Huey, 1960).	SW California (USA) to W Baja California (Mexico).	IUCN  Data Deficient as C. h. fallax and C. h. pallidus, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Huey (1960; 1964) and Lackey (1996, Mammalian Species No. 517). Includes anthonyi, considered a full species by Hall (1981) but a subspecies by Williams et al. (1993). Subspecies reviewed by Williams et al. (1993).	San Diego Pocket Mouse
12700234	Chaetodipus fallax subsp. fallax	Merriam 1889	SUBSPECIES		fallax	fallax		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	N. Am. Fauna vol.1 p.19						
12700235	Chaetodipus fallax subsp. anthonyi	Osgood 1900	SUBSPECIES		anthonyi	fallax		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia						See comments under species.	
12700236	Chaetodipus fallax subsp. inopinus	Nelson and Goldman 1929	SUBSPECIES		inopinus	fallax		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
13500079	Ochotona rufescens subsp. shukurovoi	Heptner 1961	SUBSPECIES		shukurovoi	rufescens	Ochotona	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha							
12700240	Chaetodipus formosus	Merriam 1889	SPECIES			formosus		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	N. Am. Fauna vol.1 p.17		domisaxensis  (Cockrum, 1956); melanocaudus (Cockrum, 1956); cinerascens (Nelson and Goldman, 1929); incolatus (Hall, 1941); infolatus (Huey, 1954); melanurus (Hall, 1941); mesembrinus (Elliot, 1904); mohavensis (Huey, 1938).	W Utah, Nevada, E California, and NW Arizona (USA), and E coast of Baja California to Bahía Concepcion (Baja California Sur, Mexico).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Huey (1964). Included in Perognathus by Hall (1981:542) and earlier workers, but allocated to Chaetodipus by Patton et al. (1981) and Hafner and Hafner (1983). Subspecies reviewed by Williams et al. (1993).	Long-tailed Pocket Mouse
12700241	Chaetodipus formosus subsp. formosus	Merriam 1889	SUBSPECIES		formosus	formosus		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	N. Am. Fauna vol.1 p.17						
12700242	Chaetodipus formosus subsp. cinerascens	Nelson and Goldman 1929	SUBSPECIES		cinerascens	formosus		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700243	Chaetodipus formosus subsp. incolatus	Hall 1941	SUBSPECIES		incolatus	formosus		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700244	Chaetodipus formosus subsp. infolatus	Huey 1954	SUBSPECIES		infolatus	formosus		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700245	Chaetodipus formosus subsp. melanurus	Hall 1941	SUBSPECIES		melanurus	formosus		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700246	Chaetodipus formosus subsp. mesembrinus	Elliot 1904	SUBSPECIES		mesembrinus	formosus		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700247	Chaetodipus formosus subsp. mohavensis	Huey 1938	SUBSPECIES		mohavensis	formosus		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700248	Chaetodipus goldmani	Osgood 1900	SPECIES			goldmani		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	N. Am. Fauna vol.18 p.54			NE to S Sonora, SW Chihuahua, and N Sinaloa (Mexico); see Straney and Patton (1980).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Revised by Anderson (1964). Chromosome races described by Patton (1969b). Reviewed by Lackey and Best (1992, Mammalian Species No. 419).	Goldmans Pocket Mouse
12700249	Chaetodipus hispidus	Baird 1858	SPECIES			hispidus		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Mammalia in Repts. U.S. Expl. Surv. vol.8 1 p.421		paradoxus  (Merriam, 1889); conditi (J. A. Allen, 1894); latirostris (Rhoads, 1894); spilotus (Merriam, 1889); maximus (Elliot, 1904); zacatecae (Osgood, 1900).	Great Plains from S North Dakota to SE Arizona and W Louisiana (USA), south to Tamaulipas and Hidalgo (Mexico).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Revised by Glass (1947); subspecies listed by Hall (1981) and Williams et al. (1993). Reviewed by Paulson (1988b, Mammalian Species No. 320). Type species of monotypic subgenus Burtognathus Hoffmeister.	Hispid Pocket Mouse
12700250	Chaetodipus hispidus subsp. hispidus	Baird 1858	SUBSPECIES		hispidus	hispidus		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Mammalia in Repts. U.S. Expl. Surv. vol.8 1 p.421						
12700251	Chaetodipus hispidus subsp. paradoxus	Merriam 1889	SUBSPECIES		paradoxus	hispidus		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700252	Chaetodipus hispidus subsp. spilotus	Merriam 1889	SUBSPECIES		spilotus	hispidus		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700253	Chaetodipus hispidus subsp. zacatecae	Osgood 1900	SUBSPECIES		zacatecae	hispidus		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700297	Chaetodipus spinatus subsp. oribates	Huey 1960	SUBSPECIES		oribates	spinatus		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700254	Chaetodipus intermedius	Merriam 1889	SPECIES			intermedius		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	N. Am. Fauna vol.1 p.18		nigrimontis  (Blossom, 1933); obscurus (Merriam, 1889); ater (Dice, 1929); beardi (Weckerly, Gennaro, and Best, 1988); crinitus (Benson, 1934); lithophilus (Huey, 1937); minimus (Burt, 1932); phasma (Goldman, 1918); pinacate (Blossom, 1933); rupestris (Benson, 1932); umbrosus (Benson, 1934).	SC Utah and Arizona to W Texas (USA), south to C Sonora and C Chihuahua (Mexico).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subspecies listed by Hoffmeister (1974), Hall (1981), and Williams et al. (1993).	Rock Pocket Mouse
12700255	Chaetodipus intermedius subsp. intermedius	Merriam 1889	SUBSPECIES		intermedius	intermedius		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	N. Am. Fauna vol.1 p.18						
12700256	Chaetodipus intermedius subsp. ater	Dice 1929	SUBSPECIES		ater	intermedius		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700257	Chaetodipus intermedius subsp. beardi	Weckerly, Gennaro, and Best 1988	SUBSPECIES		beardi	intermedius		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700258	Chaetodipus intermedius subsp. crinitus	Benson 1934	SUBSPECIES		crinitus	intermedius		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700259	Chaetodipus intermedius subsp. lithophilus	Huey 1937	SUBSPECIES		lithophilus	intermedius		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700260	Chaetodipus intermedius subsp. minimus	Burt 1932	SUBSPECIES		minimus	intermedius		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700261	Chaetodipus intermedius subsp. phasma	Goldman 1918	SUBSPECIES		phasma	intermedius		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700262	Chaetodipus intermedius subsp. rupestris	Benson 1932	SUBSPECIES		rupestris	intermedius		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700263	Chaetodipus lineatus	Dalquest 1951	SPECIES			lineatus		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	J. Washington Acad. Sci vol.41 p.362			San Luis Potosi and SE Zacatecas (Mexico).		Possibly conspecific with nelsoni (Williams et al., 1993). Reviewed by Best (1993f, Mammalian Species No. 451).	Lined Pocket Mouse
12700264	Chaetodipus nelsoni	Merriam 1894	SPECIES			nelsoni		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.46 p.266		canescens  (Merriam, 1894); collis (Blair, 1938); popei (Blair, 1938).	Chihuahuan desert plateau from SE New Mexico and W Texas (USA) to Jalisco and San Luis Potosi (Mexico).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subspecies listed by Hall (1981) and Williams et al. (1993); may include lineatus (see above). Reviewed by Best (1994b, Mammalian Species No. 484). Two karyotypic races known (Patton, 1970; Lee, 1990), which may prove to be distinct species.	Nelsons Pocket Mouse
12700265	Chaetodipus nelsoni subsp. nelsoni	Merriam 1894	SUBSPECIES		nelsoni	nelsoni		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.46 p.266						
12700266	Chaetodipus nelsoni subsp. canescens	Merriam 1894	SUBSPECIES		canescens	nelsoni		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700267	Chaetodipus penicillatus	Woodhouse 1852	SPECIES			penicillatus		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.6 p.200		angustirostris  (Osgood, 1900); pricei (J. A. Allen, 1894); seri (Nelson, 1912) [renaming of goldmani Townsend, 1912, which is preoccupied by goldmani Osgood, 1900]; sobrinus (Goldman, 1939) [renaming of seorsus Goldman, 1939, which is preoccupied by seorsus Burt, 1932, a subspecies of C. spinatus]; stephensi (Merriam, 1894).	SE California and S Nevada to S Arizona and SW New Mexico (USA) to NE Baja California and Sonora (Mexico).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Revised by Hoffmeister and Lee (1967). Subspecies reviewed by Williams et al. (1993). Excludes Chihuahuan Desert subspecies atrodorsalis and eremicus, now regarded as a separate species, C. eremicus (see account above and Lee et al., 1996).	Desert Pocket Mouse
12700268	Chaetodipus penicillatus subsp. penicillatus	Woodhouse 1852	SUBSPECIES		penicillatus	penicillatus		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.6 p.200						
12700269	Chaetodipus penicillatus subsp. angustirostris	Osgood 1900	SUBSPECIES		angustirostris	penicillatus		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700270	Chaetodipus penicillatus subsp. pricei	J. A. Allen 1894	SUBSPECIES		pricei	penicillatus		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700271	Chaetodipus penicillatus subsp. seri	Nelson 1912	SUBSPECIES		seri	penicillatus		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia						Renaming of goldmani Townsend, 1912, which is preoccupied by goldmani Osgood, 1900.	
12700272	Chaetodipus penicillatus subsp. sobrinus	Goldman 1939	SUBSPECIES		sobrinus	penicillatus		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia						Renaming of seorsus Goldman, 1939, which is preoccupied by seorsus Burt, 1932, a subspecies of C. spinatus]	
12700273	Chaetodipus penicillatus subsp. stephensi	Merriam 1894	SUBSPECIES		stephensi	penicillatus		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12900001	MYOMORPHA	Brandt 1855	SUBORDER							Rodentia							
12700274	Chaetodipus pernix	J. A. Allen 1898	SPECIES			pernix		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.10 p.149		rostratus  (Osgood, 1900).	Coastal lowlands from S Sonora to N Nayarit (Mexico).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Chromosomal and biochemical evidence suggest that the northern subspecies rostratus is specifically distinct from pernix (Patton et al., 1981). Reviewed by Best and Lackey (1992b, Mammalian Species No. 420).	Sinaloan Pocket Mouse
12700275	Chaetodipus pernix subsp. pernix	J. A. Allen 1898	SUBSPECIES		pernix	pernix		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.10 p.149					See comments under species.	
12700276	Chaetodipus pernix subsp. rostratus	Osgood 1900	SUBSPECIES		rostratus	pernix		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia						See comments under species.	
13700425	Episoriculus fumidus	Thomas 1913	SPECIES			fumidus		Episoriculus	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.11 p.216			Montane forests of Taiwan.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Soriculus fumidus.	Formerly included in caudatus by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951:59), but see Jameson and Jones (1977:474) and Hoffmann (1985b), who included sodalis (now in Chodsigoa) in fumidus. Motokawa et al. (1998) described the karyotype (2n = 64, FN = 116) and distribution of Episoriculus fumidus that occurs symatrically with Chodsigoa sodalis in Taiwan. A RNA sequence was published by Querouil et al. (2001) and Corneli (2002) under the name Soriculus fumidus.	Taiwanese Brown-toothed Shrew
13700427	Episoriculus leucops subsp. leucops	Horsfield 1855	SUBSPECIES		leucops	leucops		Episoriculus	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 2 vol.16 p.111						
13600023	Erinaceus roumanicus subsp. bolkayi	V. Martino 1930	SUBSPECIES		bolkayi	roumanicus		Erinaceus	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha							
12700277	Chaetodipus rudinoris	Elliot 1903	SPECIES			rudinoris		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Field Columb. Mus., Zool. Ser. (Publ. 74) vol.3 10 p.167		extimus  (Nelson and Goldman, 1929); fornicatus (Burt, 1932); hueyi (Nelson and Goldman, 1929); knekus (Elliot, 1903); mesidios (Huey, 1964).	SE California (USA) south to Cape Region of Baja California Sur (Mexico).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as included in C. baileyi.	Reviewed, in part as C. baileyi, by Paulson (1988a, Mammalian Species No. 297). Chromosomal (Patton and Rogers, 1993), allozyme (Patton et al., 1981), and mitochondrial DNA (Riddle et al., 2000b) support species status for populations from west of the Colorado River in California and from throughout the Baja California Peninsula traditionally allocated to C. baileyi (Hall, 1981; Patton, 1993b; Patton and Alvarez-Castañeda, 1999; Williams et al., 1993). Subspecies delineated by Riddle et al. (2000b).	Baja California Pocket Mouse
12700278	Chaetodipus rudinoris subsp. rudinoris	Elliot 1903	SUBSPECIES		rudinoris	rudinoris		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Field Columb. Mus., Zool. Ser. (Publ. 74) vol.3 10 p.167						
12700279	Chaetodipus rudinoris subsp. extimus	Nelson and Goldman 1929	SUBSPECIES		extimus	rudinoris		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700280	Chaetodipus rudinoris subsp. fornicatus	Burt 1932	SUBSPECIES		fornicatus	rudinoris		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700281	Chaetodipus rudinoris subsp. hueyi	Nelson and Goldman 1929	SUBSPECIES		hueyi	rudinoris		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700282	Chaetodipus rudinoris subsp. knekus	Elliot 1903	SUBSPECIES		knekus	rudinoris		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700283	Chaetodipus rudinoris subsp. mesidios	Huey 1964	SUBSPECIES		mesidios	rudinoris		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700284	Chaetodipus spinatus	Merriam 1889	SPECIES			spinatus		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	N. Am. Fauna vol.1 p.21		broccus  (Huey, 1960); bryanti (Merriam, 1894); evermanni (Nelson and Goldman, 1929); guardiae (Burt, 1932); lambi (Benson, 1930); latijugularis (Burt, 1932); lorenzi (Banks, 1967); magdalenae (Osgood, 1907); macrosensis (Burt, 1932); margaritae (Merriam, 1894); occultus (Nelson, 1912); oribates (Huey, 1960); peninsulae (Merriam, 1894); prietae (Huey, 1930); pullus (Burt, 1932); rufescens (Huey, 1930); seorsus (Burt, 1932).	S Nevada, SE California (USA) south to Cape Region of Baja California Peninsula (Mexico).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Lackey (1991b, Mammalian Species No. 385). Subspecies reviewed by Williams et al. (1993) and Patton and Alvarez-Castañeda (1999).	Spiny Pocket Mouse
12700285	Chaetodipus spinatus subsp. spinatus	Merriam 1889	SUBSPECIES		spinatus	spinatus		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	N. Am. Fauna vol.1 p.21						
12700286	Chaetodipus spinatus subsp. broccus	Huey 1960	SUBSPECIES		broccus	spinatus		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700287	Chaetodipus spinatus subsp. bryanti	Merriam 1894	SUBSPECIES		bryanti	spinatus		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700288	Chaetodipus spinatus subsp. evermanni	Nelson and Goldman 1929	SUBSPECIES		evermanni	spinatus		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700289	Chaetodipus spinatus subsp. guardiae	Burt 1932	SUBSPECIES		guardiae	spinatus		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700290	Chaetodipus spinatus subsp. lambi	Benson 1930	SUBSPECIES		lambi	spinatus		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700291	Chaetodipus spinatus subsp. latijugularis	Burt 1932	SUBSPECIES		latijugularis	spinatus		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700292	Chaetodipus spinatus subsp. lorenzi	Banks 1967	SUBSPECIES		lorenzi	spinatus		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700293	Chaetodipus spinatus subsp. magdalenae	Osgood 1907	SUBSPECIES		magdalenae	spinatus		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700294	Chaetodipus spinatus subsp. macrosensis	Burt 1932	SUBSPECIES		macrosensis	spinatus		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700295	Chaetodipus spinatus subsp. margaritae	Merriam 1894	SUBSPECIES		margaritae	spinatus		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700300	Chaetodipus spinatus subsp. pullus	Burt 1932	SUBSPECIES		pullus	spinatus		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700301	Chaetodipus spinatus subsp. rufescens	Huey 1930	SUBSPECIES		rufescens	spinatus		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700302	Chaetodipus spinatus subsp. seorsus	Burt 1932	SUBSPECIES		seorsus	spinatus		Chaetodipus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
13700426	Episoriculus leucops	Horsfield 1855	SPECIES			leucops		Episoriculus	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 2 vol.16 p.111		baileyi  (Thomas, 1914); gruberi (Weigel, 1969).	C Nepal, Sikkim and Assam to S China, N Burma and N Vietnam.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Soriculus leucops.	Includes baileyi as a subspecies; see Hoffmann (1985b).	Long-tailed Brown-toothed Shrew
12700303	Perognathus	Wied-Neuwied 1839	GENUS					Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. vol.19 1 p.368	Perognathus fasciatus Wied-Neuwied, 1839.	Abromys  Gray, 1868; Cricetodipus Peale, 1848; Otognosis Coues, 1875.			Revised by Merriam (1889) and Osgood (1900), who also included those species listed here for Chaetodipus. Chromosomal relationships reviewed by Patton (1967b) and Williams (1978a). Taxonomy reviewed by Williams et al. (1993). Williams et al. (1993) and Best (1994a) provide keys to Recent species.	
12700304	Perognathus alticolus	Rhoads 1894	SPECIES			alticolus		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.45 p.412		inexpectatus  Huey, 1926.	SC California (USA).	IUCN  Critically Endangered as P. a. alticola [sic]; Lower Risk (nt) as P. a. inexpectatus.	Subspecies listed by Hall (1981), Williams et al. (1993); may be only subspecifically distinct from parvus. Reviewed by Best (1994a, Mammalian Species No. 463).	White-eared Pocket Mouse
12700305	Perognathus alticolus subsp. alticolus	Rhoads 1894	SUBSPECIES		alticolus	alticolus		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.45 p.412						
12700306	Perognathus alticolus subsp. inexpectatus	Huey 1926	SUBSPECIES		inexpectatus	alticolus		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700307	Perognathus amplus	Osgood 1900	SPECIES			amplus		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	N. Am. Fauna vol.18 p.32		jacksoni  Goldman, 1933; rotundus Goldman, 1932; cineris Benson, 1933; ammodytes Benson, 1933; pergracilis Goldman, 1932; taylori Goldman, 1932.	W and C Arizona (USA) to NW Sonora (Mexico).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Subspecies listed in Hall (1981) and reviewed by Williams et al. (1993).	Arizona Pocket Mouse
12700308	Perognathus amplus subsp. amplus	Osgood 1900	SUBSPECIES		amplus	amplus		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	N. Am. Fauna vol.18 p.32						
12700309	Perognathus amplus subsp. cineris	Benson 1933	SUBSPECIES		cineris	amplus		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700310	Perognathus amplus subsp. pergracilis	Goldman 1932	SUBSPECIES		pergracilis	amplus		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700311	Perognathus amplus subsp. taylori	Goldman 1932	SUBSPECIES		taylori	amplus		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700312	Perognathus fasciatus	Wied-Neuwied 1839	SPECIES			fasciatus		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. vol.19 1 p.369		infraluteus  Thomas 1893; litus Cary, 1911; olivaceogriseus Swenk, 1940; callistus Osgood, 1900.	Great Plains from SE Alberta, Saskatchewan, and SW Manitoba (Canada) to NE Utah, S Colorado, and E South Dakota (USA).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Revised by Williams and Genoways (1979). Reviewed by Manning and Jones (1988a, Mammalian Species No. 303).	Olive-backed Pocket Mouse
12700313	Perognathus fasciatus subsp. fasciatus	Wied-Neuwied 1839	SUBSPECIES		fasciatus	fasciatus		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. vol.19 1 p.369						
12700314	Perognathus fasciatus subsp. callistus	Osgood 1900	SUBSPECIES		callistus	fasciatus		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700315	Perognathus flavescens	Merriam 1889	SPECIES			flavescens		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	N. Am. Fauna vol.1 p.11		apache  Merriam, 1889; cleomophila Goldman, 1918; caryi Goldman, 1918; cockrumi Hall, 1954; copei Rhoads, 1894; melanotis Osgood, 1900; gypsi Dice, 1929; perniger Osgood, 1904; relictus Goldman, 1938.	Great Plains and intermountain basins from Minnesota and N Utah (USA) to N Chihuahua (Mexico).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Williams (1978b). Hoffmeister (1986) considered apache a distinct species. Subspecies reviewed by Williams et al. (1993).	Plains Pocket Mouse
12700316	Perognathus flavescens subsp. flavescens	Merriam 1889	SUBSPECIES		flavescens	flavescens		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	N. Am. Fauna vol.1 p.11						
12700317	Perognathus flavescens subsp. apache	Merriam 1889	SUBSPECIES		apache	flavescens		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700318	Perognathus flavescens subsp. caryi	Goldman 1918	SUBSPECIES		caryi	flavescens		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700319	Perognathus flavescens subsp. cockrumi	Hall 1954	SUBSPECIES		cockrumi	flavescens		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700320	Perognathus flavescens subsp. copei	Rhoads 1894	SUBSPECIES		copei	flavescens		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700321	Perognathus flavescens subsp. melanotis	Osgood 1900	SUBSPECIES		melanotis	flavescens		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700322	Perognathus flavescens subsp. perniger	Osgood 1904	SUBSPECIES		perniger	flavescens		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700323	Perognathus flavescens subsp. relictus	Goldman 1938	SUBSPECIES		relictus	flavescens		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700324	Perognathus flavus	Baird 1855	SPECIES			flavus		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.7 p.332		bimaculatus  Merriam, 1889; bunkeri Cockrum, 1951; fuliginosus Merriam, 1890; fuscus Anderson, 1972; goodpasteri Hoffmeister, 1956; hopiensis Goldman, 1932; medius Baker, 1954; mexicanus Merriam, 1894; pallescens Baker, 1954; parviceps Baker, 1954; piperi Goldman, 1917; sanluisi Hill, 1952; sonoriensis Nelson and Goldman, 1934.	SW Great Plains and intermountain plateaus from South Dakota, E Wyoming, and SE Utah (USA) south to Sonora and Puebla (Mexico).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt) as P. f. goodpasteri; otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	Revised by Baker (1954); subspecies listed by Hall (1981) and reviewed by Williams et al. (1993). Wilson (1973) considered merriami conspecific, but Anderson (1972) Lee and Engstrom (1991) documented species distinctness of merriami from flavus (see below). Reviewed by Best and Skupski (1994a, Mammalian Species No. 471).	Silky Pocket Mouse
12700325	Perognathus flavus subsp. flavus	Baird 1855	SUBSPECIES		flavus	flavus		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.7 p.332						
12700326	Perognathus flavus subsp. bimaculatus	Merriam 1889	SUBSPECIES		bimaculatus	flavus		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700327	Perognathus flavus subsp. bunkeri	Cockrum 1951	SUBSPECIES		bunkeri	flavus		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700328	Perognathus flavus subsp. fuliginosus	Merriam 1890	SUBSPECIES		fuliginosus	flavus		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700329	Perognathus flavus subsp. fuscus	Anderson 1972	SUBSPECIES		fuscus	flavus		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700330	Perognathus flavus subsp. goodpasteri	Hoffmeister 1956	SUBSPECIES		goodpasteri	flavus		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700331	Perognathus flavus subsp. hopiensis	Goldman 1932	SUBSPECIES		hopiensis	flavus		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700332	Perognathus flavus subsp. medius	Baker 1954	SUBSPECIES		medius	flavus		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700333	Perognathus flavus subsp. mexicanus	Merriam 1894	SUBSPECIES		mexicanus	flavus		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700334	Perognathus flavus subsp. pallescens	Baker 1954	SUBSPECIES		pallescens	flavus		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700335	Perognathus flavus subsp. parviceps	Baker 1954	SUBSPECIES		parviceps	flavus		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700336	Perognathus flavus subsp. piperi	Goldman 1917	SUBSPECIES		piperi	flavus		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700337	Perognathus flavus subsp. sanluisi	Hill 1952	SUBSPECIES		sanluisi	flavus		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700338	Perognathus flavus subsp. sonoriensis	Nelson and Goldman 1934	SUBSPECIES		sonoriensis	flavus		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700339	Perognathus inornatus	Merriam 1889	SPECIES			inornatus		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	N. Am. Fauna vol.1 p.15		neglectus  Taylor, 1912; psammophilus von Bloeker, 1937; sillimani von Bloeker, 1937.	Sacramento, San Joaquin and Salinas valleys and adjacent foothills, and western Mojave Desert, of California (USA).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt) as P. i. neglectus and P. i. psammophilus; otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	Revised by Osgood (1918); subspecies listed by Williams et al. (1993) who allocated psammophilus (with sillimani as a synonym) to this species, not to longimembris where this name has been usually placed (Hall, 1981; Patton, 1993b). As noted by Williams et al. (1993), at least two and possibly three distinct species are currently included under the name inornatus. Reviewed by Best (1993e, Mammalian Species No. 450).	San Joaquin Pocket Mouse
12700340	Perognathus inornatus subsp. inornatus	Merriam 1889	SUBSPECIES		inornatus	inornatus		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	N. Am. Fauna vol.1 p.15					See comments under species.	
12700341	Perognathus inornatus subsp. neglectus	Taylor 1912	SUBSPECIES		neglectus	inornatus		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia						See comments under species.	
12700342	Perognathus inornatus subsp. psammophilus	von Bloeker 1937	SUBSPECIES		psammophilus	inornatus		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia						See comments under species.	
12800026	Cratogeomys goldmani subsp. peridoneus	Nelson and Goldman 1934	SUBSPECIES		peridoneus	goldmani		Cratogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800027	Cratogeomys goldmani subsp. planifrons	Nelson and Goldman 1934	SUBSPECIES		planifrons	goldmani		Cratogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800028	Cratogeomys goldmani subsp. rubellus	Nelson and Goldman 1934	SUBSPECIES		rubellus	goldmani		Cratogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800029	Cratogeomys goldmani subsp. subnubilus	Nelson and Goldman 1934	SUBSPECIES		subnubilus	goldmani		Cratogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
13700428	Episoriculus leucops subsp. baileyi	Thomas 1914	SUBSPECIES		baileyi	leucops		Episoriculus	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
12700343	Perognathus longimembris	Coues 1875	SPECIES			longimembris		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.27 p.305		elibatus  Elliot, 1904; pericalles Elliot, 1904; aestivus Huey, 1928; arizonensis Goldman, 1931; arcus Benson, 1935; virginis Huey, 1939; bangsi Mearns, 1898; arenicola Stephens, 1900; bombycinus Osgood, 1907; brevinasus Osgood, 1900; gulosus Hall, 1941; internationalis Huey, 1939; kinoensis Huey, 1935; nevadensis Merriam, 1894; pacificus Mearns, 1898; cantwelli von Bloeker, 1932; panamintinus Merriam, 1894; pimensis Huey, 1937; salinensis Bole, 1937; tularensis Richardson, 1937; venustus Huey, 1930.	SE Oregon and W Utah (USA) south to N Sonora and Baja California and Baja California Sur (Mexico) (see Alvarez-Castañeda et al., 2001).	U.S. ESA  Endangered as P. l. pacificus. IUCN  Critically Endangered as P. l. pacificus, Vulnerable as P. l. brevinasus, Data Deficient as P. l. bangsi and P. l. internationalis; otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	Revised by Osgood (1918); subspecies listed by Hall (1981) and Williams et al. (1993), who placed psammophilus von Bloeker with P. inronatus instead of longimembris, where this taxon has usually been assigned (Hall, 1981; Patton, 1993b).	Little Pocket Mouse
12700344	Perognathus longimembris subsp. longimembris	Coues 1875	SUBSPECIES		longimembris	longimembris		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.27 p.305						
12700345	Perognathus longimembris subsp. aestivus	Huey 1928	SUBSPECIES		aestivus	longimembris		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700346	Perognathus longimembris subsp. arizonensis	Goldman 1931	SUBSPECIES		arizonensis	longimembris		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700347	Perognathus longimembris subsp. bangsi	Mearns 1898	SUBSPECIES		bangsi	longimembris		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700348	Perognathus longimembris subsp. bombycinus	Osgood 1907	SUBSPECIES		bombycinus	longimembris		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700349	Perognathus longimembris subsp. brevinasus	Osgood 1900	SUBSPECIES		brevinasus	longimembris		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700350	Perognathus longimembris subsp. gulosus	Hall 1941	SUBSPECIES		gulosus	longimembris		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700351	Perognathus longimembris subsp. internationalis	Huey 1939	SUBSPECIES		internationalis	longimembris		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700352	Perognathus longimembris subsp. kinoensis	Huey 1935	SUBSPECIES		kinoensis	longimembris		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700353	Perognathus longimembris subsp. nevadensis	Merriam 1894	SUBSPECIES		nevadensis	longimembris		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700354	Perognathus longimembris subsp. pacificus	Mearns 1898	SUBSPECIES		pacificus	longimembris		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700355	Perognathus longimembris subsp. panamintinus	Merriam 1894	SUBSPECIES		panamintinus	longimembris		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700356	Perognathus longimembris subsp. pimensis	Huey 1937	SUBSPECIES		pimensis	longimembris		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700357	Perognathus longimembris subsp. salinensis	Bole 1937	SUBSPECIES		salinensis	longimembris		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700358	Perognathus longimembris subsp. tularensis	Richardson 1937	SUBSPECIES		tularensis	longimembris		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700359	Perognathus longimembris subsp. venustus	Huey 1930	SUBSPECIES		venustus	longimembris		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700360	Perognathus merriami	J. A. Allen 1892	SPECIES			merriami		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.4 p.45		mearnsi  J. A. Allen, 1896; gilvus Osgood, 1900.	SE New Mexico east to S Texas (USA), east from N Chihuahua to Tamaulipas (Mexico).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Synonymized with flavus by Wilson (1973), but Lee and Engstrom (1991) considered merriami a separate species based on biochemical genetics, as did Anderson (1972) using morphological criteria. Reviewed by Best and Skupski (1994b, Mammalian Species No. 473).	Merriams Pocket Mouse
12700361	Perognathus merriami subsp. merriami	J. A. Allen 1892	SUBSPECIES		merriami	merriami		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.4 p.45						
12700362	Perognathus merriami subsp. gilvus	Osgood 1900	SUBSPECIES		gilvus	merriami		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12800052	Cratogeomys zinseri	(Goldman) 1939	SPECIES			zinseri		Cratogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	J. Mammal. vol.20 p.91			NE Jalisco (Mexico).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt) as Pappogeomys zinseri.	Another geographic isolate that is part of the gymnurus species-group (Russell, 1968b) but likely the same species as fumosus (Demastes et al., 2002).	Zinsers Pocket Gopher.
13700429	Episoriculus macrurus	Blanford 1888	SPECIES			macrurus		Episoriculus	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Fauna Brit. India vol.1 p.231		irene  (Thomas, 1911).	C Nepal to W and S China and to N Burma and Vietnam.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Soriculus macrurus.	Formerly confused with leucops, but shown to be a distinct species by Hoffmann (1985b).	Long-tailed Mountain Shrew
12800030	Cratogeomys fumosus	(Merriam) 1892	SPECIES			fumosus		Cratogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.7 p.165			Plain of E Colima (Mexico).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt) as Pappogeomys fumosus.	Included in gymnurus species-group by Russell (1968b). However, fumosus is likely a species that includes gynmurus, neglectus, tylorhinus, and zinseri; see Demastes et al. (2002).	Smoky Pocket Gopher.
12800094	Geomys tropicalis	Goldman 1915	SPECIES			tropicalis		Geomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.28 p.134			Vicinity of Altamira and Tampico in SE Tamaulipas (Mexico).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Elevated to species status by Alvarez (1963a). Reviewed by Baker and Williams (1974, Mammalian Species No. 35) and Williams and Genoways (1977).	Tropical Pocket Gopher.
12700363	Perognathus parvus	Peale 1848	SPECIES			parvus		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Mammalia in Repts. U.S. Expl. Surv. vol.8 p.53		monticola  Baird, 1858; bullatus Durrant and Lee, 1956; clarus Goldman, 1917; columbianus Merriam, 1894; idahoensis Goldman, 1922; laingi Anderson, 1932; lordi (Gray, 1868); mollipilosus Coues, 1875; olivaceus Merriam, 1889; amoenus Merriam, 1889; magruderensis Osgood, 1900; plerus Goldman, 1939; trumbullensis Benson, 1937; xanthanotus Grinnell, 1912; yakimensis Broadbrooks, 1954.	Great Basin from S British Columbia (Canada), south to E California and east to SE Wyoming and NW Arizona (USA).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as P. parvus and P. xanthanotus.	Reviewed by Verts and Kirkland (1988, Mammalian Species No. 318). Includes xanthonotus (Williams et al., 1993), often considered a distinct species (Hall, 1981; Patton, 1993b; Verts and Kirkland, 1988, by omission).	Great Basin Pocket Mouse
12700364	Perognathus parvus subsp. parvus	Peale 1848	SUBSPECIES		parvus	parvus		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia	Mammalia in Repts. U.S. Expl. Surv. vol.8 p.53						
12700365	Perognathus parvus subsp. bullatus	Durrant and Lee 1956	SUBSPECIES		bullatus	parvus		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700366	Perognathus parvus subsp. clarus	Goldman 1917	SUBSPECIES		clarus	parvus		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700367	Perognathus parvus subsp. columbianus	Merriam 1894	SUBSPECIES		columbianus	parvus		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700368	Perognathus parvus subsp. idahoensis	Goldman 1922	SUBSPECIES		idahoensis	parvus		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700369	Perognathus parvus subsp. laingi	Anderson 1932	SUBSPECIES		laingi	parvus		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700370	Perognathus parvus subsp. lordi	Gray 1868	SUBSPECIES		lordi	parvus		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700371	Perognathus parvus subsp. mollipilosus	Coues 1875	SUBSPECIES		mollipilosus	parvus		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700372	Perognathus parvus subsp. olivaceus	Merriam 1889	SUBSPECIES		olivaceus	parvus		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700373	Perognathus parvus subsp. trumbullensis	Benson 1937	SUBSPECIES		trumbullensis	parvus		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12700374	Perognathus parvus subsp. xanthanotus	Grinnell 1912	SUBSPECIES		xanthanotus	parvus		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia						See comments under species.	
12700375	Perognathus parvus subsp. yakimensis	Broadbrooks 1954	SUBSPECIES		yakimensis	parvus		Perognathus	Heteromyidae	Rodentia							
12800001	Geomyidae 	Bonaparte 1845	FAMILY						Geomyidae 	Rodentia	Cat. Meth. Mamm. Europe p.5					Revised by Russell (1968a), who placed all Recent genera in one of two tribes in the subfamily Geomyinae: Geomyini (Geomys, Pappogeomys, Orthogeomys, and Zygogeomys) and Thomomyini (Thomomys); he included Macrogeomys and Heterogeomys as subgenera of Orthogeomys, an action followed by more recent authors (Hafner, 1982, 1991; Hall, 1981), and Cratogeomys as a subgenus of Pappogeomys (see also Russell, 1968b). The latter action was accepted by Hall (1981) and Patton (1993) but not by J. K. Jones et al. (1986), Lee and Baker (1987), Davidow-Henry et al. (1989), Hollander (1990), and C. Jones et al. (1997) who considered Cratogeomys as a separate genus. Hooper (1946) synonymized Platygeomys Merriam with Cratogeomys. McKenna and Bell (1997) included heteromyids as a subfamily within Geomyidae; these are excluded here (see comments under Family Heteromyidae). Williams (1982b) review... [truncated]	
12800002	Cratogeomys	Merriam 1895	GENUS					Cratogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	N. Amer. Fauna vol.8 p.150	Geomys merriami Thomas, 1893.				Revised by Nelson and Goldman (1934a) and Russell (1968a, b), who included Cratogeomys as a valid subgenus of Pappogeomys, a position followed by Hall (1981) and Patton (1993). However, Honeycutt and Williams (1982), based on a phylogenetic analysis of allozyme data, and DeWalt et al. (1993a) and Demastes et al. (2002), using mitochondrial DNA sequences, confirmed Russells hypothesis of the sister relationship between Pappogeomys and Cratogeomys, but treated the two as separate genera. While it remains a matter of personal opinion as to the distinction between genera and subgenera, I choose here to follow the current consensus of workers on this group (e.g., Lee and Baker, 1987; Davidow-Henry et al., 1989; Hollander, 1990). Russell (1968b) recognized two species groups, the castanops group (with castanops and merriami) and the gymnurus group (with fumosus, gymnurus, neglectus</i... [truncated]	
12800114	Orthogeomys grandis subsp. carbo	Goodwin 1956	SUBSPECIES		carbo	grandis	Orthogeomys	Orthogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800031	Cratogeomys gymnurus	(Merriam) 1892	SPECIES			gymnurus		Cratogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.7 p.166		inclarus  (Goldman, 1939); morulus Russell, 1953; imparilis (Goldman, 1939); russelli Genoways and Jones, 1969; tellus Russell, 1953.	S and C Jalisco and NE Michoacan (Mexico).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Pappogeomys gymnurus.	Polytypic; subspecies reviewed by Russell (1968b), but all are probably only geographic units of fumosus (Demastes et al., 2002).	Llano Pocket Gopher.
12800032	Cratogeomys gymnurus subsp. gymnurus	(Merriam) 1892	SUBSPECIES		gymnurus	gymnurus		Cratogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800033	Cratogeomys gymnurus subsp. imparilis	(Goldman) 1939	SUBSPECIES		imparilis	gymnurus		Cratogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800034	Cratogeomys gymnurus subsp. russelli	Genoways and Jones 1969	SUBSPECIES		russelli	gymnurus		Cratogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800003	Cratogeomys castanops	Baird 1852	SPECIES			castanops		Cratogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	In Stansbury, Expl. Surv. Valley Great Salt Lake, Utah, App. C (Zool.) p.313		angusticeps  Nelson and Goldman, 1934; bullatus Russell and Baker, 1955; *clarkii (Baird, 1855); convexus Nelson and Goldman, 1934; pratensis Russell, 1968; torridus Russell, 1968; consitus Nelson and Goldman, 1934; dalquesti Hollander, 1990; excelsus Nelson and Goldman, 1934; hirtus Nelson and Goldman, 1934; jucundus Russell and Baker, 1955; parviceps Russell, 1968; perexiguus Russell, 1968; perplanus Nelson and Goldman, 1934; lacrimalis Nelson and Goldman, 1934; simulans Russell, 1968; pratensis Russell, 1968; sordidulus Russell and Baker, 1955; subsimus Nelson and Goldman, 1934; surculus Russell, 1968; tamaulipensis Nelson and Goldman, 1934; ustulatus Russell and Baker, 1955.	SE Colorado and SW Kansas (USA) to E Durango and S Coahuila (Mexico).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Pappogeomys castanops.	Equalivalent to the 2n=46 cytotype of Berry and Baker (1972) and Lee and Baker (1987), shown by mitochondrial DNA analysis to be phylogenetically separate from the 2n=42 cytotype of these authors (DeWalt et al., 1993a), which is herein referred to as C. goldmani. Largely coincides to the "excelsus subspecies-group" of Russell (1968b), but contains some taxa in his "subnubilis subspecies-group" (see Davidow-Henry et al., 1989, Mammalian Species No. 338). However, allocations of some taxa belonging to Russells "subnubilus group" to either castanops or goldmani need verification by karytoypic and other character analyses. Grouped with merriami in the castanops species-group by Russell (1968b). Subspecies listed above are those of Davidow-Henry et al. (1989), except as revised by Hollander (1990) for those in the USA.	Yellow-faced Pocket Gopher
12800004	Cratogeomys castanops subsp. angusticeps	Nelson and Goldman 1934	SUBSPECIES		angusticeps	castanops		Cratogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800005	Cratogeomys castanops subsp. bullatus	Russell and Baker 1955	SUBSPECIES		bullatus	castanops		Cratogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800006	Cratogeomys castanops subsp. castanops	Baird 1852	SUBSPECIES		castanops	castanops		Cratogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	In Stansbury, Expl. Surv. Valley Great Salt Lake, Utah, App. C (Zool.) p.313						
12800007	Cratogeomys castanops subsp. clarkii	(Baird) 1855	SUBSPECIES		clarkii	castanops		Cratogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800008	Cratogeomys castanops subsp. consitus	Nelson and Goldman 1934	SUBSPECIES		consitus	castanops		Cratogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800009	Cratogeomys castanops subsp. dalquesti	Hollander 1990	SUBSPECIES		dalquesti	castanops		Cratogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800010	Cratogeomys castanops subsp. excelsus	Nelson and Goldman 1934	SUBSPECIES		excelsus	castanops		Cratogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800011	Cratogeomys castanops subsp. hirtus	Nelson and Goldman 1934	SUBSPECIES		hirtus	castanops		Cratogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800012	Cratogeomys castanops subsp. jucundus	Russell and Baker 1955	SUBSPECIES		jucundus	castanops		Cratogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800013	Cratogeomys castanops subsp. parviceps	Russell 1968	SUBSPECIES		parviceps	castanops		Cratogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800014	Cratogeomys castanops subsp. perexiguus	Russell 1968	SUBSPECIES		perexiguus	castanops		Cratogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800015	Cratogeomys castanops subsp. perplanus	Nelson and Goldman 1934	SUBSPECIES		perplanus	castanops		Cratogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800016	Cratogeomys castanops subsp. pratensis	Russell 1968	SUBSPECIES		pratensis	castanops		Cratogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800017	Cratogeomys castanops subsp. sordidulus	Russell and Baker 1955	SUBSPECIES		sordidulus	castanops		Cratogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800018	Cratogeomys castanops subsp. subsimus	Nelson and Goldman 1934	SUBSPECIES		subsimus	castanops		Cratogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800019	Cratogeomys castanops subsp. surculus	Russell 1968	SUBSPECIES		surculus	castanops		Cratogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800020	Cratogeomys castanops subsp. tamaulipensis	Nelson and Goldman 1934	SUBSPECIES		tamaulipensis	castanops		Cratogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800021	Cratogeomys castanops subsp. ustulatus	Russell and Baker 1955	SUBSPECIES		ustulatus	castanops		Cratogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800067	Geomys bursarius subsp. jugossicularis	Hooper 1940	SUBSPECIES		jugossicularis	bursarius		Geomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800068	Geomys bursarius subsp. lutescens	Merriam 1890	SUBSPECIES		lutescens	bursarius		Geomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800022	Cratogeomys goldmani	Merriam 1895	SPECIES			goldmani		Cratogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	N. Amer. Fauna vol.8 p.160		elibatus  Russell, 1968; maculatus Alvarez and Alvarez-Castañeda, 1996; peridoneus Nelson and Goldman, 1934; planifrons Nelson and Goldman, 1934; rubellus Nelson and Goldman, 1934; subnubilus Nelson and Goldman, 1934.	E Zacatecas, S Nuevo Leon, and San Luis Potosí (Mexico).		Included within castanops by earlier workers (Nelson and Goldman, 1934a; Russell, 1968a; Hall, 1981), but karyotypically (2n=42  Berry and Baker, 1972; Lee and Baker, 1987) and phylogenetically distinct by mitochondrial DNA analysis (DeWalt, et al., 1993; Demastes et al., 2002); see also Alvarez and Alvarez-Castañeda (1996). Validity of subspecies listed is based on Russell (1968a), who included goldmani and its component taxa within Cratogeomys castanops.	Goldmans Pocket Gopher.
12800023	Cratogeomys goldmani subsp. elibatus	Russell 1968	SUBSPECIES		elibatus	goldmani		Cratogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800024	Cratogeomys goldmani subsp. goldmani	Merriam 1895	SUBSPECIES		goldmani	goldmani		Cratogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	N. Amer. Fauna vol.8 p.160						
12800025	Cratogeomys goldmani subsp. maculats	Alvarez and Alvarez-Castañeda 1996	SUBSPECIES		maculats	goldmani		Cratogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800036	Cratogeomys merriami	(Thomas) 1893	SPECIES			merriami		Cratogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. vol.ser. 6 12 p.271		*oreocetes  Merriam, 1895; *peregrinus Merriam, 1895; *estor Merriam, 1895; *fulvescens Merriam, 1895; irolonis Nelson and Goldman, 1934; peraltus Goldman, 1937; *perotensis Merriam, 1895; saccharalis Nelson and Goldman, 1934.	WC Veracruz to Distrito Federal, Morelos, and surrounding areas, including SE Central Plateau and S Sierra Madre Oriental (Mexico).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Pappogeomys merriami.	Included in the castanops species-group by Russell (1968b) and close phyletic relationship to castanops and goldmani confirmed by mitochondrial DNA analyses (DeWalt et al., 1993a; Demastes et al., 2002). Polytypic; subspecies reviewed by Russell (1968b).	Merriams Pocket Gopher.
12800037	Cratogeomys merriami subsp. merriami	(Thomas) 1894	SUBSPECIES		merriami	merriami		Cratogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800038	Cratogeomys merriami subsp. estor	Merriam 1895	SUBSPECIES	Cratogeomys estor	estor	merriami		Cratogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800039	Cratogeomys merriami subsp. fulvescens	Merriam 1895	SUBSPECIES	Cratogeomys fulvescens	fulvescens	merriami		Cratogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800040	Cratogeomys merriami subsp. irolonis	Nelson and Goldman 1934	SUBSPECIES		irolonis	merriami		Cratogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800041	Cratogeomys merriami subsp. peraltus	Goldman 1937	SUBSPECIES		peraltus	merriami		Cratogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800042	Cratogeomys merriami subsp. perotensis	Merriam 1895	SUBSPECIES	Cratogeomys perotensis	perotensis	merriami		Cratogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800043	Cratogeomys merriami subsp. saccharalis	Nelson and Goldman 1934	SUBSPECIES		saccharalis	merriami		Cratogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800044	Cratogeomys neglectus	(Merriam) 1902	SPECIES			neglectus		Cratogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.15 p.68			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN  Critically Endangered as Pappogeomys neglectus.	Probably only a recent geographic isolate of tylorhinus (Monterrubio et al., 2000) or, along with tylorhinus, part of fumosus (Demastes et al., 2002). Reviewed by León et al. (2001, Mammalian Species No. 685).	Querétaro Pocket Gopher.
12800045	Cratogeomys tylorhinus	(Merriam) 1895	SPECIES			tylorhinus		Cratogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	N. Am. Fauna vol.8 p.167		arvalis  Hooper, 1947; angustirostris (Merriam, 1903), *varius Goldman, 1939; atratus Russell, 1953; brevirostris Russell, 1968; *planiceps (Merriam, 1895); zodius Russell, 1953.	Distrito Federal and Hidalgo to C Jalisco (Mexico).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt) as Pappogeomys tylorhinus.	Included in the gymnurus species-group by Russell (1968b) and probably same species as fumosus (Demastes et al., 2002). As currently understood, however, tylorhinus is polytypic; subspecies reviewed by Russell (1968b). Reviewed by Cervantes et al. (1993a, Mammalian Species No. 433) as Pappogeomys tylorhinus.	Naked-nosed Pocket Gopher.
12800046	Cratogeomys tylorhinus subsp. tylorhinus	(Merriam) 1895	SUBSPECIES		tylorhinus	tylorhinus		Cratogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	N. Am. Fauna vol.8 p.167						
12800047	Cratogeomys tylorhinus subsp. angustirostris	(Merriam) 1903	SUBSPECIES		angustirostris	tylorhinus		Cratogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800048	Cratogeomys tylorhinus subsp. atratus	Russell 1953	SUBSPECIES		atratus	tylorhinus		Cratogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800049	Cratogeomys tylorhinus subsp. brevirostris	Russell 1968	SUBSPECIES		brevirostris	tylorhinus		Cratogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800050	Cratogeomys tylorhinus subsp. planiceps	(Merriam) 1895	SUBSPECIES		planiceps	tylorhinus		Cratogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800051	Cratogeomys tylorhinus subsp. zodius	Russell 1953	SUBSPECIES		zodius	tylorhinus		Cratogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800069	Geomys bursarius subsp. major	Davis 1940	SUBSPECIES		major	bursarius		Geomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800053	Geomys	Rafinesque 1817	GENUS					Geomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	Am. Mon. Mag. vol.2 1 p.45	Geomys pinetis Rafinesque, 1817.	Ascomys  Lichtenstein, 1825; Diplostoma Rafinesque, 1817; Mamgeomyscus Herrera, 1899; Neterogeomys Gazin, 1942; Parageomys Hibbard, 1944; Progeomys Dalquest, 1983; Pseudostoma Say, 1823; Saccophorus Kuhl, 1820.			Revised by Merriam (1895a). Species boundaries in this genus, as in other pocket gophers, are difficult to define. Complex relationships have been described for several diagnosable geographic units based on a variety of contact zone analyses that have employed morphological, karyological, allozyme, and/or mitochondrial and nuclear DNA biochemical analyses. These have indicated varying degrees of hybridization between geographically differentiated forms, and authors have varied in their recognition of these entities at the specific or subspecific levels. Hall (1981) recognized five species (arenarius, bursarius, personatus, pinetis, and tropicalis). While this set of taxa was regarded as an incomplete recognition of likely species in the genus, Patton (1993) followed Hall, waiting until workers of the genus reached consensus. This has now been achieved, with the nine species listed below generally recognized (see Elrod et al., 2000; Jolley et al... [truncated]	
12800054	Geomys attwateri	Merriam 1895	SPECIES			attwateri		Geomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	N. Am. Fauna vol.8 p.135		ammophilus  Davis, 1940.	SC coast of Texas (USA).		Reviewed by Williams and Cameron (1991, Mammalian Species No. 382). Considered a subspecies of bursarius by Hall (1981) and Patton (1993) but a distinct species by Tucker and Schmidly (1981) and Block and Zimmerman (1991). Burt and Dowler (1999) reviewed the evidence for species status and Jolley et al. (2000) documented a phylogenetic relationship to personatus, not bursarius.	Attwaters Pocket Gopher.
12800055	Geomys attwateri subsp. attwateri	Merriam 1895	SUBSPECIES		attwateri	attwateri		Geomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	N. Am. Fauna vol.8 p.135						
12800056	Geomys attwateri subsp. ammophilus	Davis 1940	SUBSPECIES		ammophilus	attwateri		Geomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800057	Geomys arenarius	Merriam 1895	SPECIES			arenarius		Geomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	N. Am. Fauna vol.8 p.139		brevirostris  Hall, 1932.	Extreme W Texas, SW and SC New Mexico (USA); N Chihuahua (Mexico).	IUCN  Lowered Risk (nt).	Reviewed by Williams and Baker (1974, Mammalian Species No. 36) and Williams and Genoways (1978). Considered a subspecies of bursarius by Hafner and Geluso (1983); phylogenetic separation of arenarius and bursarius established by Jolley et al. (2000).	Desert Pocket Gopher.
12800058	Geomys arenarius subsp. arenarius	Merriam 1895	SUBSPECIES		arenarius	arenarius		Geomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	N. Am. Fauna vol.8 p.139						
12800059	Geomys arenarius subsp. brevirostris	Hall 1932	SUBSPECIES		brevirostris	arenarius		Geomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800060	Geomys breviceps	Baird 1855	SPECIES			breviceps		Geomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia vol.7 p.335		sagittalis  Merriam, 1895; brazensis Davis, 1938; dutcheri Davis, 1940; ludemani Davis, 1940; pratincolus Davis, 1940; terricolus Davis, 1940.	W Louisiana, E Texas, E Oklahoma, and SW Arkansas (USA).		Reviewed by Sulentich et al. (1991, Mammalian Species No. 383). Considered a subspecies of bursarius by Hall (1981) and Patton (1993). Contact zones between breviceps and bursarius studied by Bohlin and Zimmerman (1982) and Zimmerman and Gayden (1981) and between breviceps and attwateri by Tucker and Schmidly (1981), Dowler (1989), and Burt and Dowler (1999). Jolley et al. (2000) examined the phylogenetic position of breviceps relative to other species of Geomys. Two subspecies recognized (Sulentich et al., 1991), but sagittalis may be a distinct species based on mitochondrial DNA variation (Demastes, 1994).	Bairds Pocket Gopher.
12800061	Geomys breviceps subsp. breviceps	Baird 1855	SUBSPECIES		breviceps	breviceps		Geomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia vol.7 p.335						
12800062	Geomys breviceps subsp. sagittalis	Merriam 1895	SUBSPECIES		sagittalis	breviceps		Geomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800063	Geomys bursarius	(Shaw) 1800	SPECIES			bursarius		Geomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	Philosophical Magazine vol.6 p.215		alba  (Rafinesque, 1817); canadensis (Lichtenstein, 1825); fusca (Rafinesque, 1817); saccatus (Mitchell, 1821); illinoensis Komarek and Spencer, 1931; industrius Villa and Hall, 1947; jugossicularis Hooper, 1940; lutescens Merriam, 1890; hylaeus Blossom, 1938; levisagittalis Swenk, 1940; vinaceus Swenk, 1940; major Davis, 1940; majusculus Swenk, 1939; missouriensis McLaughlin, 1958; ozarkensis Elrod, Zimmerman, Sudman, and Heidt, 2000; wisconsinensis Jackson, 1957.	SC Manitoba (Canada) to NW Indiana, SC Texas, and NE New Mexico (USA).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Revised by Merriam (1895a) and, in part, by Honeycutt and Schmidly (1979) and by Heaney and Timm (1983a), who considered lutescens a valid species (see also Heaney and Timm, 1985; Jolley et al., 2000). Burns et al. (1985), Sudman et al (1987), and Elrod et al. (2000) listed lutescens as a subspecies of bursarius, which is followed here. Elrod et al. (2000) mapped the ranges of all subspecies recognized by Hall (1981).	Plains Pocket Gopher.
12800064	Geomys bursarius subsp. bursarius	(Shaw) 1800	SUBSPECIES		bursarius	bursarius		Geomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	Philosophical Magazine vol.6 p.215						
12800065	Geomys bursarius subsp. illinoensis	Komarek and Spencer 1931	SUBSPECIES		illinoensis	bursarius		Geomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800066	Geomys bursarius subsp. industrius	Villa and Hall 1947	SUBSPECIES		industrius	bursarius		Geomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800072	Geomys bursarius subsp. ozarkensis	Elrod, Zimmerman, Sudman, and Heidt 2000	SUBSPECIES		ozarkensis	bursarius		Geomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800073	Geomys bursarius subsp. wisconsinensis	Jackson 1957	SUBSPECIES		wisconsinensis	bursarius		Geomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800074	Geomys knoxjonesi	Baker and Genoways 1975	SPECIES			knoxjonesi		Geomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	Occas. Pap. Mus. Texas Tech Univ. vol.29 p.1			W Texas and SE New Mexico (USA).		Considered a subspecies of bursarius by Hall (1981) and Patton (1993) but a distinct species by Bradley et al. (1991) and Block and Zimmerman (1991). Baker and David (1989) described a hybrid zone with partial reproductive isolation between knoxjonesi and bursarius major. Phylogenetic position within Geomys established by Jolley et al. (2000).	Knox Joness Pocket Gopher.
12800075	Geomys personatus	True 1889	SPECIES			personatus		Geomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. vol.11 p.159		davisi  Williams and Genoways, 1981; fallax Merriam, 1895; fuscus Davis, 1940; maritimus Davis, 1940; megapotamus Davis, 1940; streckeri Davis, 1943.	S Texas, south of San Antonio and Del Rio, including Padre and Mustang Isls (USA); barrier beaches of extreme NE Tamaulipas (Mexico).	IUCN  Vulnerable as G. p. maritimus and G. p. streckeri, Lower Risk (nt) as G. p. fuscus and as G. personatus.	Reviewed by Davis (1940), Williams and Genoways (1981), and Williams (1982a, Mammalian Species No. 170). Subspecies streckeri may warrant specific status, as it does not share a monophyletic relationship with other taxa of personatus based on mitochondrial DNA analyses (Jolley et al., 2000). Historical distribution and geographic variation examined by Wilkins and Swearingen (1990).	Texas Pocket Gopher.
12800076	Geomys personatus subsp. personatus	True 1889	SUBSPECIES		personatus	personatus		Geomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. vol.11 p.159						
12800077	Geomys personatus subsp. davisi	Williams and Genoways 1981	SUBSPECIES		davisi	personatus		Geomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800078	Geomys personatus subsp. fallax	Merriam 1895	SUBSPECIES		fallax	personatus		Geomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800079	Geomys personatus subsp. fuscus	Davis 1940	SUBSPECIES		fuscus	personatus		Geomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800080	Geomys personatus subsp. maritimus	Davis 1940	SUBSPECIES		maritimus	personatus		Geomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800081	Geomys personatus subsp. megapotamus	Davis 1940	SUBSPECIES		megapotamus	personatus		Geomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800082	Geomys personatus subsp. streckeri	Davis 1943	SUBSPECIES		streckeri	personatus		Geomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800083	Geomys pinetis	Rafinesque 1817	SPECIES			pinetis		Geomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	Amer. Monthly Mag. vol.2 p.45		austrinus  Bangs, 1898; *colonus Bangs, 1898; *cumberlandius Bangs, 1898; *floridanus (Audubon and Bachman, 1853); goffi Sherman, 1944; mobilensis Merriam, 1895; tuza (Barton, 1806); *fontanelus Sherman, 1940.	C Florida to S Georgia and S Alabama (USA).	IUCN  Extinct as G. p. goffi; Vulnerable as G. p. cumberlandius and G. p. frontanelus; Lower Risk (nt) as G. p. colonus, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	Mus tuza Barton, 1806, a senior synonym of pinetis according to Merriam (1895a), was considered of uncertain application and not available by Harper (1952). Hall (1981:505) regarded colonus, frontanelus, and cumberlandius as distinct species. Laerm (1981) supported the synonymy of cumberlandius. Reviewed by Pembleton and Williams (1978, Mammalian Species No. 86), Williams and Genoways (1980b), and Wilkins (1987b).	Southeastern Pocket Gopher.
12800084	Geomys pinetis subsp. pinetis	Rafinesque 1817	SUBSPECIES		pinetis	pinetis		Geomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	Amer. Monthly Mag. vol.2 p.45						
12800085	Geomys pinetis subsp. austrinus	Bangs 1898	SUBSPECIES		austrinus	pinetis		Geomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800086	Geomys pinetis subsp. colonus	Bangs 1898	SUBSPECIES	Geomys colonus	colonus	pinetis		Geomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800087	Geomys pinetis subsp. cumberlandius	Bangs 1898	SUBSPECIES	Geomys cumberlandius	cumberlandius	pinetis		Geomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800088	Geomys pinetis subsp. floridanus	Audubon and Bachman 1853	SUBSPECIES	Geomys floridanus	floridanus	pinetis		Geomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800089	Geomys pinetis subsp. fontanelus	Sherman 1940	SUBSPECIES	Geomys fontanelus	fontanelus	pinetis		Geomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800090	Geomys texensis	Merriam 1895	SPECIES			texensis		Geomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	N. Amer. Fauna vol.8 p.137		bakeri  Smolen, Pitts, and Bickham, 1993; llanensis Bailey, 1905.	SC Texas (USA).	IUCN  Lowered Risk (nt) as G. texensis and as G. t. bakeri.	Considered a subspecies of bursarius by Hall (1981) and Patton (1993). Block and Zimmerman (1991), Smolen et al. (1993), and Jolley et al. (2000) provided evidence for species status. Reviewed by Cramer and Cameron (2001, Mammalian Species No. 679).	Central Texas Pocket Gopher.
12800091	Geomys texensis subsp. texensis	Merriam 1895	SUBSPECIES		texensis	texensis		Geomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	N. Amer. Fauna vol.8 p.137						
12800092	Geomys texensis subsp. bakeri	Smolen, Pitts, and Bickham 1993	SUBSPECIES		bakeri	texensis		Geomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800093	Geomys texensis subsp. llanensis	Bailey 1905	SUBSPECIES		llanensis	texensis		Geomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800117	Orthogeomys grandis subsp. guerrerensis	Nelson and Goldman 1930	SUBSPECIES		guerrerensis	grandis	Orthogeomys	Orthogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800095	Orthogeomys	Merriam 1895	GENUS					Orthogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	N. Am. Fauna vol.8 p.23, 26, 172	Geomys scalops Thomas, 1894.	Heterogeomys  Merriam, 1895; Macrogeomys Merriam, 1895.			Russell (1968a) revised the genus, and included Heterogeomys and Macrogeomys as valid subgenera. Hafner (1991) examined molecular phylogenetics of species in the subgenus Macrogeomys while Sudman and Hafner (1992) examined relationships among species within each of the subgenera. Species limits for those taxa known from single localities or otherwise geogeographically restricted areas are poorly defined.	
12800096	Orthogeomys	Merriam 1895	SUBGENUS				Orthogeomys	Orthogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	N. Am. Fauna vol.8 p.23, 26, 172	Geomys scalops Thomas, 1894.					
12800097	Heterogeomys	Merriam 1895	SUBGENUS				Heterogeomys	Orthogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800098	Macrogeomys	Merriam 1895	SUBGENUS				Macrogeomys	Orthogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800099	Orthogeomys cavator	(Bangs) 1902	SPECIES			cavator	Macrogeomys	Orthogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. vol.39 p.42		nigrescens  (Goodwin, 1943); *pansa (Bangs, 1902).	NW Panama to C Costa Rica.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Macrogeomys. Reviewed by Goodwin (1946).	Chiriqui Pocket Gopher.
12800100	Orthogeomys cavator subsp. cavator	(Bangs) 1902	SUBSPECIES		cavator	cavator	Macrogeomys	Orthogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. vol.39 p.42						
12800101	Orthogeomys cavator subsp. nigrescens	(Goodwin) 1943	SUBSPECIES		nigrescens	cavator	Macrogeomys	Orthogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800102	Orthogeomys cavator subsp. pansa	(Bangs) 1902	SUBSPECIES		pansa	cavator	Macrogeomys	Orthogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800103	Orthogeomys cherriei	(J. A. Allen) 1893	SPECIES			cherriei	Macrogeomys	Orthogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.5 p.337		carlosensis  (Goodwin, 1934); *costaricensis (Merriam, 1895).	NC Costa Rica (see Hafner and Hafner, 1987; Hafner, 1991).	IUCN  Lowered Risk (nt).	Subgenus Macrogeomys. Revised by Goodwin (1946). Phylogeography examined by Demastes et al. (1996). May include matagalpae (M. S. Hafner, pers. comm.).	Cherries Pocket Gopher.
12800104	Orthogeomys cherriei subsp. cherriei	(J. A. Allen) 1893	SUBSPECIES		cherriei	cherriei	Macrogeomys	Orthogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.5 p.337						
12800105	Orthogeomys cherriei subsp. carlosensis	(Goodwin) 1934	SUBSPECIES		carlosensis	cherriei	Macrogeomys	Orthogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800106	Orthogeomys cherriei subsp. costaricensis	(Merriam) 1895	SUBSPECIES		costaricensis	cherriei	Macrogeomys	Orthogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800107	Orthogeomys cuniculus	Elliot 1905	SPECIES			cuniculus	Orthogeomys	Orthogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.18 p.224			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Subgenus Orthogeomys. Reviewed by Nelson and Goldman (1930).	Oaxacan Pocket Gopher.
12800108	Orthogeomys dariensis	(Goldman) 1912	SPECIES			dariensis	Macrogeomys	Orthogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	Smithson. Misc. Coll. vol.60 2 p.8			E Panama.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Macrogeomys. May include thaeleri (see Sudman and Hafner, 1992).	Darien Pocket Gopher.
12800109	Orthogeomys grandis	(Thomas) 1893	SPECIES			grandis	Orthogeomys	Orthogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. vol.ser. 6 12 p.270		alleni  Nelson and Goldman, 1930; alvarezi Schaldach, 1966; annexus Nelson and Goldman, 1933; carbo Goodwin, 1956; engelhardi Felten, 1957; felipensis Nelson and Goldman, 1930; guerrerensis Nelson and Goldman, 1930; huixtlae Villa, 1944; *latifrons Merriam, 1895; *nelsoni Merriam, 1895; pluto Lawrence, 1933; *pygacanthus Dickey, 1928; *scalops (Thomas, 1894); soconuscensis Villa, 1949; vulcani Nelson and Goldman, 1931.	Honduras to Jalisco (Mexico).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Orthogeomys. Burt and Stirton (1961) and Hall (1981) included pygacanthus in grandis; Russell (1968a) considered it a distinct species.	Giant Pocket Gopher.
12800110	Orthogeomys grandis subsp. grandis	(Thomas) 1893	SUBSPECIES		grandis	grandis	Orthogeomys	Orthogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. vol.ser. 6 12 p.270						
12800111	Orthogeomys grandis subsp. alleni	Nelson and Goldman 1930	SUBSPECIES		alleni	grandis	Orthogeomys	Orthogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800112	Orthogeomys grandis subsp. alvarezi	Schaldach 1966	SUBSPECIES		alvarezi	grandis	Orthogeomys	Orthogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800113	Orthogeomys grandis subsp. annexus	Nelson and Goldman 1933	SUBSPECIES		annexus	grandis	Orthogeomys	Orthogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800115	Orthogeomys grandis subsp. engelhardi	Felten 1957	SUBSPECIES		engelhardi	grandis	Orthogeomys	Orthogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800116	Orthogeomys grandis subsp. felipensis	Nelson and Goldman 1930	SUBSPECIES		felipensis	grandis	Orthogeomys	Orthogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800119	Orthogeomys grandis subsp. latifrons	Merriam 1895	SUBSPECIES	Orthogeomys latifrons	latifrons	grandis	Orthogeomys	Orthogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800120	Orthogeomys grandis subsp. nelsoni	Merriam 1895	SUBSPECIES	Orthogeomys nelsoni	nelsoni	grandis	Orthogeomys	Orthogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800121	Orthogeomys grandis subsp. pluto	Lawrence 1933	SUBSPECIES		pluto	grandis	Orthogeomys	Orthogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800122	Orthogeomys grandis subsp. pygacanthus	Dickey 1928	SUBSPECIES	Orthogeomys pygacanthus	pygacanthus	grandis	Orthogeomys	Orthogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800123	Orthogeomys grandis subsp. scalops	(Thomas) 1894	SUBSPECIES		scalops	grandis	Orthogeomys	Orthogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800124	Orthogeomys grandis subsp. soconuscensis	Villa 1949	SUBSPECIES		soconuscensis	grandis	Orthogeomys	Orthogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800125	Orthogeomys grandis subsp. vulcani	Nelson and Goldman 1931	SUBSPECIES		vulcani	grandis	Orthogeomys	Orthogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800126	Orthogeomys heterodus	(Peters) 1865	SPECIES			heterodus	Macrogeomys	Orthogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin p.177		cartagoensis  (Goodwin, 1943); *dolichocephalus (Merriam, 1895).	C Costa Rica.	IUCN  Lowered Risk (nt).	Subgenus Macrogeomys. Reviewed by Goodwin (1946). Phylogenetic relationships given by Hafner (1991).	Variable Pocket Gopher.
12800127	Orthogeomys heterodus subsp. heterodus	(Peters) 1865	SUBSPECIES		heterodus	heterodus	Macrogeomys	Orthogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin p.177						
12800128	Orthogeomys heterodus subsp. cartagoensis	(Goodwin) 1943	SUBSPECIES		cartagoensis	heterodus	Macrogeomys	Orthogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800129	Orthogeomys heterodus subsp. dolichocephalus	(Merriam) 1895	SUBSPECIES		dolichocephalus	heterodus	Macrogeomys	Orthogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800130	Orthogeomys hispidus	(Le Conte) 1852	SPECIES			hispidus	Heterogeomys	Orthogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia vol.6 p.158		cayoensis  (Burt, 1937); chiapensis (Nelson and Goldman, 1929); concavus (Nelson and Goldman, 1929); *hondurensis (Davis, 1966); isthmicus (Nelson and Goldman, 1929); latirostris (Hall and Alvarez, 1961); negatus (Goodwin, 1953); teapensis (Goldman, 1939); tehuantepecus (Goldman, 1939); *torridus (Merriam, 1895); yucantanensis (Nelson and Goldman, 1929).	Yucatan Peninsula, Belize, Guatemala, and NW Honduras, to S Tamaulipas (Mexico).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Heterogeomys. May include lanius (see Hall, 1981:511-512). Revised by Nelson and Goldman (1929).	Hispid Pocket Gopher.
12800131	Orthogeomys hispidus subsp. hispidus	(Le Conte) 1852	SUBSPECIES		hispidus	hispidus	Heterogeomys	Orthogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia vol.6 p.158						
12800132	Orthogeomys hispidus subsp. cayoensis	(Burt) 1937	SUBSPECIES		cayoensis	hispidus	Heterogeomys	Orthogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800133	Orthogeomys hispidus subsp. chiapensis	(Nelson and Goldman) 1929	SUBSPECIES		chiapensis	hispidus	Heterogeomys	Orthogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800134	Orthogeomys hispidus subsp. concavus	(Nelson and Goldman) 1929	SUBSPECIES		concavus	hispidus	Heterogeomys	Orthogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800135	Orthogeomys hispidus subsp. hondurensis	(Davis) 1966	SUBSPECIES		hondurensis	hispidus	Heterogeomys	Orthogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800136	Orthogeomys hispidus subsp. isthmicus	(Nelson and Goldman) 1929	SUBSPECIES		isthmicus	hispidus	Heterogeomys	Orthogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800137	Orthogeomys hispidus subsp. latirostris	(Hall and Alvarez) 1961	SUBSPECIES		latirostris	hispidus	Heterogeomys	Orthogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800138	Orthogeomys hispidus subsp. negatus	(Goodwin) 1953	SUBSPECIES		negatus	hispidus	Heterogeomys	Orthogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800139	Orthogeomys hispidus subsp. teapensis	(Goldman) 1939	SUBSPECIES		teapensis	hispidus	Heterogeomys	Orthogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800140	Orthogeomys hispidus subsp. tehuantepecus	(Goldman) 1939	SUBSPECIES		tehuantepecus	hispidus	Heterogeomys	Orthogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800141	Orthogeomys hispidus subsp. torridus	(Merriam) 1895	SUBSPECIES		torridus	hispidus	Heterogeomys	Orthogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800142	Orthogeomys hispidus subsp. yucantanensis	(Nelson and Goldman) 1929	SUBSPECIES		yucantanensis	hispidus	Heterogeomys	Orthogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800195	Thomomys bottae subsp. concisor	Hall and Davis 1935	SUBSPECIES		concisor	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800143	Orthogeomys lanius	(Elliot) 1905	SPECIES			lanius	Heterogeomys	Orthogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.18 p.235			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Heterogeomys. May be conspecific with hispidus (Hall, 1981:512).	Big Pocket Gopher.
12800190	Thomomys bottae subsp. centralis	Hall 1930	SUBSPECIES		centralis	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800144	Orthogeomys matagalpae	(J. A. Allen) 1910	SPECIES			matagalpae	Macrogeomys	Orthogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.28 p.97			NC Nicaragua to SC Honduras.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Macrogeomys. May be conspecific with cherriei (M. S. Hafner, pers. comm.).	Nicaraguan Pocket Gopher.
12800145	Orthogeomys thaeleri	Alberico 1990	SPECIES			thaeleri	Macrogeomys	Orthogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	In Peters and Hutterer (eds.), Vertebrates in the Tropics, Mus. Alex. Koenig, Bonn p.104			Serranía de Baudó (extreme NW Colombia).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Macrogeomys. May be conspecific with dariensis (see Sudman and Hafner, 1992).	Thaelers Pocket Gopher.
12800146	Orthogeomys underwoodi	(Osgood) 1931	SPECIES			underwoodi	Macrogeomys	Orthogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser. vol.295 18 p.143			Central Pacific coast of Costa Rica.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Macrogeomys. Molecular phylogeography examined by Demastes et al. (1996).	Underwoods Pocket Gopher.
12800147	Pappogeomys	Merriam 1895	GENUS					Pappogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	N. Am. Fauna vol.8 p.145	Geomys bulleri Thomas, 1892.				Revised, in part, by Russell (1968a, b), who included Cratogeomys as a valid subgenus (see above).	
12800148	Pappogeomys alcorni	Russell 1957	SPECIES			alcorni		Pappogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., vol.9 p.359			S Jalisco (Mexico), in Sierra del Tigre.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Probably conspecific with bulleri, based on molecular studies (J. W. Demastes and A. Butt, pers. comm.).	Alcorns Pocket Gopher.
12800149	Pappogeomys bulleri	(Thomas) 1892	SPECIES			bulleri		Pappogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. vol.ser. 6 10 p.196		flammeus  Goldman, 1939; lagunensis Goldman, 1939; *nelsoni (Merriam, 1895); *albinasus Merriam, 1895; amecensis Goldman, 1939; burti Goldman, 1939; infuscus Russell, 1968; lutulentus Russell, 1968; melanurus Genoways and Jones, 1969; nayaritensis Goldman, 1939.	Nayarit, Jalisco, and Colima (Mexico).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Genoways and Jones (1969a). Polytypic; subspecies reviewed by Russell (1968b) and listed in Hall (1981). May include alcorni (see above).	Bullers Pocket Gopher.
12800150	Pappogeomys bulleri subsp. bulleri	(Thomas) 1892	SUBSPECIES		bulleri	bulleri		Pappogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. vol.ser. 6 10 p.196						
12800151	Pappogeomys bulleri subsp. albinasus	Merriam 1895	SUBSPECIES	Pappogeomys albinasus	albinasus	bulleri		Pappogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800152	Pappogeomys bulleri subsp. amecensis	Goldman 1939	SUBSPECIES		amecensis	bulleri		Pappogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800153	Pappogeomys bulleri subsp. burti	Goldman 1939	SUBSPECIES		burti	bulleri		Pappogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800154	Pappogeomys bulleri subsp. infuscus	Russell 1968	SUBSPECIES		infuscus	bulleri		Pappogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800155	Pappogeomys bulleri subsp. lutulentus	Russell 1968	SUBSPECIES		lutulentus	bulleri		Pappogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800156	Pappogeomys bulleri subsp. melanurus	Genoways and Jones 1969	SUBSPECIES		melanurus	bulleri		Pappogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800157	Pappogeomys bulleri subsp. nayaritensis	Goldman 1939	SUBSPECIES		nayaritensis	bulleri		Pappogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800158	Thomomys	Wied-Neuwied 1839	GENUS					Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. vol.19 1 p.377	Thomomys rufescens Wied-Neuwied, 1939 (= T. talpoides rufescens).	Megascapheus  Elliot, 1903; Plesiothomomys Gidley and Gazin, 1933; Tomomys Brandt, 1955.			Recent species allocated to two subgenera (Thaeler, 1980): Thomomys and Megascapheus. Patton and Smith (1981) and Smith (1998) examined phylogenetic relationships among members of the subgenus Megascapheus based on molecular characters. Species boundaries for some forms are poorly defined, but Patton and Smith (1989, 1994) provided an operational definition that can be applied to all pocket gophers.	
12800159	Thomomys	Wied-Neuwied 1839	SUBGENUS				Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. vol.19 1 p.377	Thomomys rufescens Wied-Neuwied, 1939 (= T. talpoides rufescens).					
12800160	Megascapheus	Elliot 1903	SUBGENUS				Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800191	Thomomys bottae subsp. cervinus	J. A. Allen 1895	SUBSPECIES	Thomomys cervinus	cervinus	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800192	Thomomys bottae subsp. chrysonotus	Grinnell 1912	SUBSPECIES	Thomomys chrysonotus	chrysonotus	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800161	Thomomys bottae	(Eydoux and Gervais) 1836	SPECIES			bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	Mag. Zool., Paris vol.6 p.23		*altivallis  Rhoads, 1895; *angularis Merriam, 1897; *argusensis Huey, 1931; *diaboli Grinnell, 1914; *infrapallidus Grinnell, 1914; lorenzi Huey, 1940; *neglectus Bailey, 1914; pallescens Rhoads, 1895; perpes Merriam, 1901; piutensis Grinnell and Hill, 1936; sanctidiegi Huey, 1945; *scapterus Elliot, 1904; abbotti Huey, 1928; abstrusus Hall and Davis, 1935; actuosus Kelson, 1951; *albatus Grinnell, 1912; aderrans Huey, 1939; boregoensis Huey, 1939; crassus Chattin, 1941; flavidus Goldman, 1931; *harquahalae Grinnell, 1936; patulus Goldman, 1938; albicaudatus Hall, 1930; *alexandrae Goldman, 1933; *alpinus Merriam, 1897; alticolus J. A. Allen, 1899; analogus Goldman, 1938; angustidens Baker, 1953; anitae J. A. Allen, 1898; *apache Bailey, 1910; *aphrastus Elliot, 1903; aureiventris Hall, 1930; *aureus J. A. Allen, 1893, *latirostris Merriam, 1901; awahnee Merriam, 1908; *baileyi Merriam, 1901; basilicae Benson and Tillotson, 1940 [a renaming of occipitalis Benson and Tillotson, 1939, which is preoccupied by occipitalis Dice, 1925, a fossil Thomomys from Rancho La Brea, California]; birdseyei Goldman, 1937; bonnevillei Durant, 1946; borjasensis Huey, 1945; brazierhowelli Huey, 1960; brevidens Hall, 1932; cactophilus Huey, 1929; camoae Burt, 1937; *canus Bailey, 1910; catalinae Goldman, 1931; hueyi Goldman, 1938; parvulus Goldman, 1938; catavinensis Huey, 1931; centralis Hall, 1930; *cervinus J. A. Allen, 1895; *chrysonotus Grinnell, 1912; cinereus Hall, 1932; collis Hooper, 1940; concisor Hall and Davis, 1935; confinalis Goldman, 1936; connectens Hall, 1936; contractus Durrant, 1946; convergens Nelson and Goldman, 1934; convexus Durrant, 1939; cultellus Kelson, 1951; cunicularius Huey, 1945; curtatus Hall, 1932; depressus Hall, 1932; *desertorum Merriam, 1901; cedrinus Huey, 1955; desitus Goldman, 1936; hualpaiensis Goldman, 1936; *muralis Goldman, 1936; suboles Goldman, 1928; detumidus Grinnell, 1935; dissimilis Goldman, 1931; divergens Nelson and Goldman, 1934; estanciae Benson and Tillotson, 1939; *fulvus Woodhouse, 1852; mutabilis Goldman, 1933, nasutus Hall, 1932; operosus Hatfield, 1942; fumosus Hall, 1932; guadalupensis Goldman, 1936; homorus Huey, 1949; howelli Goldman, 1936; humilis Baker, 1953; imitabilis Goldman, 1939; incomptus Goldman, 1939; internatus Goldman, 1936; jojobae Huey, 1945; juarezensis Huey, 1945; lachuguilla Bailey, 1902; lacrymalis Hall, 1932; *laticeps Baird, 1855; minor Bailey, 1914; silvifugus Grinnell, 1935; latus Hall and Davis, 1935; lenis Goldman, 1942; *leucodon Merriam, 1897; levidensis Goldman, 1942; limitaris Goldman, 1936; limpiae Blair, 1939; litoris Burt, 1940; lucidus Hall, 1932; lucrificus Hall and Durham, 1938; *magdalenae Nelson and Goldman, 1909; martirensis J. A. Allen, 1898; *mearnsi Bailey, 1914; alienus Goldman, 1938; caneloensis Lange, 1959; carri Lange, 1959; chiricahuae Nelson and Goldman, 1934; collinus Goldman, 1931; extenuatus Goldman, 1935; grahamensis Goldman, 1931; *mewa Merriam, 1908; minimus Durrant, 1939; modicus Goldman, 1931; proximus Burt and Campbell, 1934; morulus Hooper, 1940; nanus Hall, 1932; navus Merriam, 1901; acrirostratus Grinnell, 1935; agricolaris Grinnell, 1935; *neglectus Bailey, 1914; nesophilus Durrant, 1936; nigricans Rhoads, 1895; affinis Huey, 1945; *cabezonae Merriam, 1901; *jacinteus Grinnell and Swarth, 1914; puertae Grinnell, 1914; *operarius Merriam, 1897; optabilis Goldman, 1936; opulentus Goldman, 1935; osgoodi Goldman, 1931; paguatae Hooper, 1940; pascalis Merriam, 1901; ingens Grinnell, 1932; *pectoralis Goldman, 1936; peramplus Goldman, 1931; rufidulus Hoffmeister, 1955; perditus Merriam, 1901; perpallidus Merriam, 1886; amargosae Grinnell, 1921; *melanotis Grinnell, 1918; mohavensis Grinnell, 1918; *oreoecus Burt, 1932; *providentialis Grinnell, 1931; pervagus Merriam, 1901; pervarius Goldman, 1938; *phelleoecus Burt, 1933; pinalensis Goldman, 1938; planirostris Burt, 1931; absonus Goldman, 1931; boreorarius Durham, 1952; nicholi Goldman, 1938; trumbullensis Hall and Davis, 1934; virgineus Goldman, 1937; planorum Hooper, 1940; powelli Durrant, 1955; proximarinus Huey, 1945; pusillus Goldman, 1931; aridicola Huey, 1937; comobabiensis Huey, 1937; depauperatus Grinnell and Hill, 1936; growlerensis Huey, 1937; phasma Goldman, 1933; retractus Baker, 1953; rhizophagus Huey, 1949; riparius Grinnell and Hill, 1936; robustus Durrant, 1946; rubidus Youngman, 1958; ruidosae Hall, 1932; rupestris Chattin, 1941; ruricola Huey, 1949; russeolus Nelson and Goldman, 1909; saxatilis Grinnell, 1934; scotophilus Davis, 1940; sevieri Durrant, 1946; siccovallis Huey, 1945;*simulus Nelson and Goldman, 1934; *sinaloae Merriam, 1901; *solitarius Grinnell, 1926; spatiosus Goldman, 1938; stansburyi Durrant, 1946; *sturgisi Goldman, 1938; subsimilis Goldman, 1933; texensis Bailey, 1902; tivius Durrant, 1937; *toltecus J.A. Allen, 1893; tularosae Hall, 1932; vanrosseni Huey, 1934; varus Hall and Long, 1960; vescus Hall and Davis, 1935; villai Baker, 1953; wahwahensis Durrant, 1937; winthropi Nelson and Goldman, 1934; xerophilus Huey, 1945. 	SW and W USA, north to Oregon, east to Colorado, and south to the Cape region of Baja California, Sinaloa and Nuevo Leon (Mexico).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Megascapheus. The taxonomic history of this, and related species has been contentious. Hall and Kelson (1959) included bottae within umbrinus but considered baileyi and townsendii as separate species, but Hall (1981) included all four of these taxa within his concept of umbrinus. Anderson (1966, 1972), Hoffmeister (1969, 1986), and Patton and co-workers (Patton, 1973; Patton and Dingman, 1968; Patton and Smith, 1981) considered bottae (including baileyi) separate from umbrinus. Thaeler (1968b), Patton et al. (1984), Patton and Smith (1989, 1994), and Rogers (1991a, b) supported the specific separation of townsendii from Hall's (1981) umbrinus. As envisioned here, bottae includes a number of taxa considered by earlier workers to be full species but each of which are now relegated to subspecific status or are recognized as synonyms of other subspecies (taxa marked by asterisk... [truncated]	Bottas Pocket Gopher.
12800162	Thomomys bottae subsp. bottae	(Eydoux and Gervais) 1836	SUBSPECIES		bottae	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	Mag. Zool., Paris vol.6 p.23						
12800163	Thomomys bottae subsp. abbotti	Huey 1928	SUBSPECIES		abbotti	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800164	Thomomys bottae subsp. abstrusus	Hall and Davis 1935	SUBSPECIES		abstrusus	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800165	Thomomys bottae subsp. actuosus	Kelson 1951	SUBSPECIES		actuosus	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800166	Thomomys bottae subsp. albatus	Grinnell 1912	SUBSPECIES	Thomomys albatus	albatus	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800167	Thomomys bottae subsp. albicaudatus	Hall 1930	SUBSPECIES		albicaudatus	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800168	Thomomys bottae subsp. alexandrae	Goldman 1933	SUBSPECIES	Thomomys alexandrae	alexandrae	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800169	Thomomys bottae subsp. alpinus	Merriam 1897	SUBSPECIES	Thomomys alpinus	alpinus	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800170	Thomomys bottae subsp. alticolus	J. A. Allen 1899	SUBSPECIES		alticolus	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800171	Thomomys bottae subsp. analogus	Goldman 1938	SUBSPECIES		analogus	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800172	Thomomys bottae subsp. angustidens	Baker 1953	SUBSPECIES		angustidens	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800173	Thomomys bottae subsp. anitae	J. A. Allen 1898	SUBSPECIES		anitae	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800174	Thomomys bottae subsp. aphrastus	Elliot 1903	SUBSPECIES	Thomomys aphrastus	aphrastus	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800175	Thomomys bottae subsp. aureiventris	Hall 1930	SUBSPECIES		aureiventris	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800176	Thomomys bottae subsp. aureus	J. A. Allen 1893	SUBSPECIES	Thomomys aureus	aureus	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800177	Thomomys bottae subsp. awahnee	Merriam 1908	SUBSPECIES		awahnee	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800178	Thomomys bottae subsp. baileyi	Merriam 1901	SUBSPECIES	Thomomys baileyi	baileyi	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800179	Thomomys bottae subsp. basilicae	Benson and Tillotson 1940	SUBSPECIES		basilicae	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia						[a renaming of occipitalis Benson and Tillotson 1939  which is preoccupied by occipitalis Dice 1925 a fossil Thomomys from Rancho La Brea California]	
12800180	Thomomys bottae subsp. birdseyei	Goldman 1937	SUBSPECIES		birdseyei	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800181	Thomomys bottae subsp. bonnevillei	Durant 1946	SUBSPECIES		bonnevillei	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800182	Thomomys bottae subsp. borjasensis	Huey 1945	SUBSPECIES		borjasensis	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800183	Thomomys bottae subsp. brazierhowelli	Huey 1960	SUBSPECIES		brazierhowelli	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800184	Thomomys bottae subsp. brevidens	Hall 1932	SUBSPECIES		brevidens	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800185	Thomomys bottae subsp. cactophilus	Huey 1929	SUBSPECIES		cactophilus	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800186	Thomomys bottae subsp. camoae	Burt 1937	SUBSPECIES		camoae	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800187	Thomomys bottae subsp. canus	Bailey 1910	SUBSPECIES	Thomomys canus	canus	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800196	Thomomys bottae subsp. confinalis	Goldman 1936	SUBSPECIES		confinalis	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800197	Thomomys bottae subsp. connectens	Hall 1936	SUBSPECIES		connectens	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800198	Thomomys bottae subsp. contractus	Durrant 1946	SUBSPECIES		contractus	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800199	Thomomys bottae subsp. convergens	Nelson and Goldman 1934	SUBSPECIES		convergens	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800200	Thomomys bottae subsp. convexus	Durrant 1939	SUBSPECIES		convexus	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800201	Thomomys bottae subsp. cultellus	Kelson 1951	SUBSPECIES		cultellus	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800202	Thomomys bottae subsp. cunicularius	Huey 1945	SUBSPECIES		cunicularius	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800203	Thomomys bottae subsp. curtatus	Hall 1932	SUBSPECIES		curtatus	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800204	Thomomys bottae subsp. depressus	Hall 1932	SUBSPECIES		depressus	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800205	Thomomys bottae subsp. desertorum	Merriam 1901	SUBSPECIES	Thomomys desertorum	desertorum	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800206	Thomomys bottae subsp. detumidus	Grinnell 1935	SUBSPECIES		detumidus	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800207	Thomomys bottae subsp. dissimilis	Goldman 1931	SUBSPECIES		dissimilis	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800208	Thomomys bottae subsp. divergens	Nelson and Goldman 1934	SUBSPECIES		divergens	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800209	Thomomys bottae subsp. estanciae	Benson and Tillotson 1939	SUBSPECIES		estanciae	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800210	Thomomys bottae subsp. fulvus	Woodhouse 1852	SUBSPECIES	Thomomys fulvus	fulvus	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800211	Thomomys bottae subsp. fumosus	Hall 1932	SUBSPECIES		fumosus	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800212	Thomomys bottae subsp. guadalupensis	Goldman 1936	SUBSPECIES		guadalupensis	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800213	Thomomys bottae subsp. homorus	Huey 1949	SUBSPECIES		homorus	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800214	Thomomys bottae subsp. howelli	Goldman 1936	SUBSPECIES		howelli	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800215	Thomomys bottae subsp. humilis	Baker 1953	SUBSPECIES		humilis	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800216	Thomomys bottae subsp. imitabilis	Goldman 1939	SUBSPECIES		imitabilis	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800217	Thomomys bottae subsp. incomptus	Goldman 1939	SUBSPECIES		incomptus	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800218	Thomomys bottae subsp. internatus	Goldman 1936	SUBSPECIES		internatus	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800219	Thomomys bottae subsp. jojobae	Huey 1945	SUBSPECIES		jojobae	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800220	Thomomys bottae subsp. juarezensis	Huey 1945	SUBSPECIES		juarezensis	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800221	Thomomys bottae subsp. lachuguilla	Bailey 1902	SUBSPECIES		lachuguilla	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800222	Thomomys bottae subsp. lacrymalis	Hall 1932	SUBSPECIES		lacrymalis	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800223	Thomomys bottae subsp. laticeps	Baird 1855	SUBSPECIES	Thomomys laticeps	laticeps	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800224	Thomomys bottae subsp. latus	Hall and Davis 1935	SUBSPECIES		latus	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800225	Thomomys bottae subsp. lenis	Goldman 1942	SUBSPECIES		lenis	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800226	Thomomys bottae subsp. leucodon	Merriam 1897	SUBSPECIES	Thomomys leucodon	leucodon	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800227	Thomomys bottae subsp. levidensis	Goldman 1942	SUBSPECIES		levidensis	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800228	Thomomys bottae subsp. limitaris	Goldman 1936	SUBSPECIES		limitaris	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800232	Thomomys bottae subsp. lucrificus	Hall and Durham 1938	SUBSPECIES		lucrificus	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800233	Thomomys bottae subsp. magdalenae	Nelson and Goldman 1909	SUBSPECIES	Thomomys magdalenae	magdalenae	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800234	Thomomys bottae subsp. martirensis	J. A. Allen 1898	SUBSPECIES		martirensis	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800235	Thomomys bottae subsp. mearnsi	Bailey 1914	SUBSPECIES	Thomomys mearnsi	mearnsi	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800236	Thomomys bottae subsp. mewa	Merriam 1908	SUBSPECIES	Thomomys mewa	mewa	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800237	Thomomys bottae subsp. minimus	Durrant 1939	SUBSPECIES		minimus	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800238	Thomomys bottae subsp. modicus	Goldman 1931	SUBSPECIES		modicus	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800239	Thomomys bottae subsp. morulus	Hooper 1940	SUBSPECIES		morulus	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800240	Thomomys bottae subsp. nanus	Hall 1932	SUBSPECIES		nanus	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800241	Thomomys bottae subsp. navus	Merriam 1901	SUBSPECIES		navus	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800242	Thomomys bottae subsp. neglectus	Bailey 1914	SUBSPECIES	Thomomys neglectus	neglectus	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800243	Thomomys bottae subsp. nesophilus	Durrant 1936	SUBSPECIES		nesophilus	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800244	Thomomys bottae subsp. nigricans	Rhoads 1895	SUBSPECIES		nigricans	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800245	Thomomys bottae subsp. operarius	Merriam 1897	SUBSPECIES	Thomomys operarius	operarius	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800246	Thomomys bottae subsp. optabilis	Goldman 1936	SUBSPECIES		optabilis	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800247	Thomomys bottae subsp. opulentus	Goldman 1935	SUBSPECIES		opulentus	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800248	Thomomys bottae subsp. osgoodi	Goldman 1931	SUBSPECIES		osgoodi	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800249	Thomomys bottae subsp. paguatae	Hooper 1940	SUBSPECIES		paguatae	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800250	Thomomys bottae subsp. pascalis	Merriam 1901	SUBSPECIES		pascalis	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800251	Thomomys bottae subsp. pectoralis	Goldman 1936	SUBSPECIES	Thomomys pectoralis	pectoralis	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800252	Thomomys bottae subsp. peramplus	Goldman 1931	SUBSPECIES		peramplus	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800253	Thomomys bottae subsp. perditus	Merriam 1901	SUBSPECIES		perditus	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800254	Thomomys bottae subsp. perpallidus	Merriam 1886	SUBSPECIES		perpallidus	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800255	Thomomys bottae subsp. pervagus	Merriam 1901	SUBSPECIES		pervagus	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800256	Thomomys bottae subsp. pervarius	Goldman 1938	SUBSPECIES		pervarius	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800257	Thomomys bottae subsp. phelleoecus	Burt 1933	SUBSPECIES	Thomomys phelleoecus	phelleoecus	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800258	Thomomys bottae subsp. pinalensis	Goldman 1938	SUBSPECIES		pinalensis	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800259	Thomomys bottae subsp. planirostris	Burt 1931	SUBSPECIES		planirostris	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800260	Thomomys bottae subsp. planorum	Hooper 1940	SUBSPECIES		planorum	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800261	Thomomys bottae subsp. powelli	Durrant 1955	SUBSPECIES		powelli	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800262	Thomomys bottae subsp. proximarinus	Huey 1945	SUBSPECIES		proximarinus	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800263	Thomomys bottae subsp. pusillus	Goldman 1931	SUBSPECIES		pusillus	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800264	Thomomys bottae subsp. retractus	Baker 1953	SUBSPECIES		retractus	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800265	Thomomys bottae subsp. rhizophagus	Huey 1949	SUBSPECIES		rhizophagus	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800266	Thomomys bottae subsp. riparius	Grinnell and Hill 1936	SUBSPECIES		riparius	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800270	Thomomys bottae subsp. rupestris	Chattin 1941	SUBSPECIES		rupestris	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800271	Thomomys bottae subsp. ruricola	Huey 1949	SUBSPECIES		ruricola	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800272	Thomomys bottae subsp. russeolus	Nelson and Goldman 1909	SUBSPECIES		russeolus	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800273	Thomomys bottae subsp. saxatilis	Grinnell 1934	SUBSPECIES		saxatilis	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800274	Thomomys bottae subsp. scotophilus	Davis 1940	SUBSPECIES		scotophilus	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800275	Thomomys bottae subsp. sevieri	Durrant 1946	SUBSPECIES		sevieri	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800276	Thomomys bottae subsp. siccovallis	Huey 1945	SUBSPECIES		siccovallis	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800277	Thomomys bottae subsp. simulus	Nelson and Goldman 1934	SUBSPECIES	Thomomys simulus	simulus	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800278	Thomomys bottae subsp. sinaloae	Merriam 1901	SUBSPECIES	Thomomys sinaloae	sinaloae	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800279	Thomomys bottae subsp. solitarius	Grinnell 1926	SUBSPECIES	Thomomys solitarius	solitarius	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800280	Thomomys bottae subsp. spatiosus	Goldman 1938	SUBSPECIES		spatiosus	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800281	Thomomys bottae subsp. stansburyi	Durrant 1946	SUBSPECIES		stansburyi	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800282	Thomomys bottae subsp. sturgisi	Goldman 1938	SUBSPECIES	Thomomys sturgisi	sturgisi	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800283	Thomomys bottae subsp. subsimilis	Goldman 1933	SUBSPECIES		subsimilis	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800284	Thomomys bottae subsp. texensis	Bailey 1902	SUBSPECIES		texensis	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800285	Thomomys bottae subsp. tivius	Durrant 1937	SUBSPECIES		tivius	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800286	Thomomys bottae subsp. toltecus	J. A. Allen 1893	SUBSPECIES	Thomomys toltecus	toltecus	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800287	Thomomys bottae subsp. tularosae	Hall 1932	SUBSPECIES		tularosae	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800288	Thomomys bottae subsp. vanrosseni	Huey 1934	SUBSPECIES		vanrosseni	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800289	Thomomys bottae subsp. varus	Hall and Long 1960	SUBSPECIES		varus	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800290	Thomomys bottae subsp. vescus	Hall and Davis 1935	SUBSPECIES		vescus	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800291	Thomomys bottae subsp. villai	Baker 1953	SUBSPECIES		villai	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800292	Thomomys bottae subsp. wahwahensis	Durrant 1937	SUBSPECIES		wahwahensis	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800293	Thomomys bottae subsp. winthropi	Nelson and Goldman 1934	SUBSPECIES		winthropi	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800294	Thomomys bottae subsp. xerophilus	Huey 1945	SUBSPECIES		xerophilus	bottae	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800295	Thomomys bulbivorus	(Richardson) 1829	SPECIES			bulbivorus	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	Quadrupeds, in Fauna Boreali-Americana vol.1 p.206			Willamette Valley (NW Oregon, USA).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Megascapheus. Revised by Bailey (1915). Reviewed by Verts and Carraway (1987b, Mammalian Species No. 273). Genetic variation delineated by Carraway and Kennedy (1994).	Camas Pocket Gopher.
12800296	Thomomys clusius	Coues 1875	SPECIES			clusius	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia vol.27 p.138			Carbon and Sweetwater Cos., SC Wyoming (USA).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Thomomys. Included in talpoides by Hall (1981:457); revised by Thaeler and Hinesley (1979).	Wyoming Pocket Gopher.
12800297	Thomomys idahoensis	Merriam 1901	SPECIES			idahoensis	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.14 p.114		confinus  Davis, 1937; *pygmaeus Merriam, 1901.	EC Idaho, adjacent Montana and W Wyoming, and N Utah (USA).	IUCN  Lowered Risk (nt) as T. idahoensis and as T. i. confinus.	Subgenus Thomomys. Thaeler (1972, 1977) revised this species. Formerly included in talpoides by Hall and Kelson (1959:441) and Hall (1981:457, 463; but see Hall, 1981:1179).	Idaho Pocket Gopher.
12800352	Thomomys talpoides subsp. oquirrhensis	Durrant 1939	SUBSPECIES		oquirrhensis	talpoides	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800298	Thomomys idahoensis subsp. idahoensis	Merriam 1901	SUBSPECIES		idahoensis	idahoensis	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.14 p.114						
12800299	Thomomys idahoensis subsp. confinus	Davis 1937	SUBSPECIES		confinus	idahoensis	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800300	Thomomys idahoensis subsp. pygmaeus	Merriam 1901	SUBSPECIES	Thomomys pygmaeus	pygmaeus	idahoensis	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800301	Thomomys mazama	Merriam 1897	SPECIES			mazama	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.11 p.214		couchi  Goldman, 1939; glacialis Dalquest and Scheffer, 1942; *helleri Elliot, 1903; *hesperus Merriam, 1901; louiei Gardner, 1950; *melanops Merriam, 1899; *nasicus Merriam, 1897; *niger Merriam, 1901; oregonus Merriam, 1901; premaxillaris Grinnell, 1914; pugetensis Dalquest and Scheffer, 1942; tacomensis Taylor, 1919; tumuli Dalquest and Scheffer, 1942; yelmensis Merriam, 1899.	NW Washington through C Oregon to N California (USA).	U.S. ESA and Washington Department of Fish and Game  Candidate; IUCN  Extinct as T. m. tacomensis; Critically Endangered as T. m. louiei; Vulnerable as T. m. couchi, T. m. glacialis, T. m. pugetensis, T. m. tumuli, and T. m. yelmensis; Lower Risk (nt) as T. mazama and as T. m. helleri and T. m. melanops.	Subgenus Thomomys. Revised by Johnson and Benson (1960); considered a subspecies of monticola by Bailey (1915) and Hall and Kelson (1959) but geographic sympatry with monticola in N California documented by Thaeler (1968a). Subspecies listed in Hall (1981:465-467). Reviewed by Verts and Carraway (2000, Mammalian Species No. 641).	Western Pocket Gopher.
12800302	Thomomys mazama subsp. mazama	Merriam 1897	SUBSPECIES		mazama	mazama	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.11 p.214						
12800303	Thomomys mazama subsp. couchi	Goldman 1939	SUBSPECIES		couchi	mazama	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800304	Thomomys mazama subsp. glacialis	Dalquest and Scheffer 1942	SUBSPECIES		glacialis	mazama	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800305	Thomomys mazama subsp. helleri	Elliot 1903	SUBSPECIES	Thomomys helleri	helleri	mazama	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800306	Thomomys mazama subsp. hesperus	Merriam 1901	SUBSPECIES	Thomomys hesperus	hesperus	mazama	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800307	Thomomys mazama subsp. louiei	Gardner 1950	SUBSPECIES		louiei	mazama	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800308	Thomomys mazama subsp. melanops	Merriam 1899	SUBSPECIES	Thomomys melanops	melanops	mazama	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800309	Thomomys mazama subsp. nasicus	Merriam 1897	SUBSPECIES	Thomomys nasicus	nasicus	mazama	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800310	Thomomys mazama subsp. niger	Merriam 1901	SUBSPECIES	Thomomys niger	niger	mazama	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800311	Thomomys mazama subsp. oregonus	Merriam 1901	SUBSPECIES		oregonus	mazama	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800312	Thomomys mazama subsp. premaxillaris	Grinnell 1914	SUBSPECIES		premaxillaris	mazama	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800313	Thomomys mazama subsp. pugetensis	Dalquest and Scheffer 1942	SUBSPECIES		pugetensis	mazama	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800314	Thomomys mazama subsp. tacomensis	Taylor 1919	SUBSPECIES		tacomensis	mazama	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800315	Thomomys mazama subsp. tumuli	Dalquest and Scheffer 1942	SUBSPECIES		tumuli	mazama	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800316	Thomomys mazama subsp. yelmensis	Merriam 1899	SUBSPECIES		yelmensis	mazama	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800317	Thomomys monticola	J. A. Allen 1893	SPECIES			monticola	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.5 p.48		pinetorum  Merriam 1899.	Sierra Nevada Mtns of C and N California and extreme WC Nevada (USA).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Thomomys. Revised by Johnson and Benson (1960); Thaeler (1968a) provided details of distribution in N California.	Mountain Pocket Gopher.
12800349	Thomomys talpoides subsp. moorei	Goldman 1938	SUBSPECIES		moorei	talpoides	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800350	Thomomys talpoides subsp. nebulosus	Bailey 1914	SUBSPECIES		nebulosus	talpoides	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800353	Thomomys talpoides subsp. parowanensis	Goldman 1938	SUBSPECIES		parowanensis	talpoides	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800354	Thomomys talpoides subsp. pierreicolus	Swenk 1941	SUBSPECIES		pierreicolus	talpoides	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800355	Thomomys talpoides subsp. pryori	Bailey 1914	SUBSPECIES	Thomomys pryori	pryori	talpoides	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800318	Thomomys talpoides	(Richardson) 1828	SPECIES			talpoides	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	Zool. J. vol.3 p.518		*borealis  (Richardson, 1837); *unisulcatus (Gray, 1843); aequalidens Dalquest, 1942; agrestis Merriam, 1908; andersoni Goldman, 1939; attenuatus Hall and Montague, 1951; *bridgeri Merriam, 1901; bullatus Bailey, 1914; caryi Bailey, 1914; cheyennensis Swenk, 1941; cognatus Johnstone, 1955; columbianus Bailey, 1914; devexus Hall and Dalquest, 1939; *douglasii (Richardson, 1829); duranti Kelson, 1949; *falcifer Grinnell, 1926; fisheri Merriam, 1901; *fossor J. A. Allen, 1893; fuscus Merriam, 1891, *myops Merriam, 1901; gracilis Durrant, 1939; immunis Hall and Dalquest, 1939; incensus Goldman, 1939; kaibabensis Goldman, 1938; kelloggi Goldman, 1939; levis Goldman, 1938; *limosus Merriam, 1901; loringi Bailey, 1914; macrotis Miller, 1930; medius Goldman, 1939; meritus Hall, 1951; monoensis Huey, 1934; moorei Goldman, 1938; nebulosus Bailey, 1914; ocius Merriam, 1901; oquirrhensis Durrant, 1939; parowanensis Goldman, 1938; pierreicolus Swenk, 1941; *pryori Bailey, 1914; *quadratus Merriam, 1897; ravus Durrant, 1946; relicinus Goldman, 1939; retrorsus Hall, 1951; rostralis Hall and Montague, 1951; *rufescens Wied-Neuwied, 1839; saturatus Bailey, 1914; segregatus Johnstone, 1955; shawi Taylor, 1921; taylori Hooper, 1940; tenellus Goldman, 1939; trivialis Goldman, 1939; *uinta Merriam, 1901; wallowa Hall and Orr, 1933; wasatchensis Durrant, 1946; whitmani Drake and Booth, 1952; yakimensis Hall and Dalquest, 1939; badius Goldman, 1939.	S British Columbia to C Alberta and SW Manitoba (Canada), south to C South Dakota and N New Mexico, N Arizona, N Nevada, and NE California (USA).	IUCN  Vulnerable as T. t. douglasii, Lower Risk (nt) as T. t. limosus and T. t. segregatus, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Thomomys. Formerly included idahoensis and clusius; see Thaeler (1972) and Thaeler and Hinesley (1979). Partial revision by Bailey (1915) and Thaeler (1985). The considerable degree of chromosomal differentiation among geographic representatives of this form (Thaeler, 1985) suggests that more than one biological species is currently included under the name talpoides. Reviewed by Verts and Carraway (1999, Mammalian Species No. 618) who included pygmaeus, here considered a subspecies of idahoensis (following Thaeler, 1972).	Northern Pocket Gopher.
12800319	Thomomys talpoides subsp. talpoides	(Richardson) 1828	SUBSPECIES		talpoides	talpoides	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	Zool. J. vol.3 p.518						
12800320	Thomomys talpoides subsp. aequalidens	Dalquest 1942	SUBSPECIES		aequalidens	talpoides	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800321	Thomomys talpoides subsp. agrestis	Merriam 1908	SUBSPECIES		agrestis	talpoides	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800322	Thomomys talpoides subsp. andersoni	Goldman 1939	SUBSPECIES		andersoni	talpoides	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800323	Thomomys talpoides subsp. attenuatus	Hall and Montague 1951	SUBSPECIES		attenuatus	talpoides	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800324	Thomomys talpoides subsp. bridgeri	Merriam 1901	SUBSPECIES	Thomomys bridgeri	bridgeri	talpoides	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800325	Thomomys talpoides subsp. bullatus	Bailey 1914	SUBSPECIES		bullatus	talpoides	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800326	Thomomys talpoides subsp. caryi	Bailey 1914	SUBSPECIES		caryi	talpoides	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800327	Thomomys talpoides subsp. cheyennensis	Swenk 1941	SUBSPECIES		cheyennensis	talpoides	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800328	Thomomys talpoides subsp. cognatus	Johnstone 1955	SUBSPECIES		cognatus	talpoides	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800329	Thomomys talpoides subsp. columbianus	Bailey 1914	SUBSPECIES		columbianus	talpoides	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800330	Thomomys talpoides subsp. devexus	Hall and Dalquest 1939	SUBSPECIES		devexus	talpoides	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800331	Thomomys talpoides subsp. douglasii	Richardson 1829	SUBSPECIES		douglasii	talpoides	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800332	Thomomys talpoides subsp. duranti	Kelson 1949	SUBSPECIES		duranti	talpoides	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800333	Thomomys talpoides subsp. falcifer	Grinnell 1926	SUBSPECIES	Thomomys falcifer	falcifer	talpoides	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800334	Thomomys talpoides subsp. fisheri	Merriam 1901	SUBSPECIES		fisheri	talpoides	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800335	Thomomys talpoides subsp. fossor	J. A. Allen 1893	SUBSPECIES	Thomomys fossor	fossor	talpoides	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800336	Thomomys talpoides subsp. fuscus	Merriam 1891	SUBSPECIES		fuscus	talpoides	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800337	Thomomys talpoides subsp. gracilis	Durrant 1939	SUBSPECIES		gracilis	talpoides	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800338	Thomomys talpoides subsp. immunis	Hall and Dalquest 1939	SUBSPECIES		immunis	talpoides	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800339	Thomomys talpoides subsp. incensus	Goldman 1939	SUBSPECIES		incensus	talpoides	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800340	Thomomys talpoides subsp. kaibabensis	Goldman 1938	SUBSPECIES		kaibabensis	talpoides	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800341	Thomomys talpoides subsp. kelloggi	Goldman 1939	SUBSPECIES		kelloggi	talpoides	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800342	Thomomys talpoides subsp. levis	Goldman 1938	SUBSPECIES		levis	talpoides	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800343	Thomomys talpoides subsp. limosus	Merriam 1901	SUBSPECIES	Thomomys limosus	limosus	talpoides	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800344	Thomomys talpoides subsp. loringi	Bailey 1914	SUBSPECIES		loringi	talpoides	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800345	Thomomys talpoides subsp. macrotis	Miller 1930	SUBSPECIES		macrotis	talpoides	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800346	Thomomys talpoides subsp. medius	Goldman 1939	SUBSPECIES		medius	talpoides	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800356	Thomomys talpoides subsp. quadratus	Merriam 1897	SUBSPECIES	Thomomys quadratus	quadratus	talpoides	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800357	Thomomys talpoides subsp. ravus	Durrant 1946	SUBSPECIES		ravus	talpoides	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800358	Thomomys talpoides subsp. relicinus	Goldman 1939	SUBSPECIES		relicinus	talpoides	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800359	Thomomys talpoides subsp. retrorsus	Hall 1951	SUBSPECIES		retrorsus	talpoides	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800360	Thomomys talpoides subsp. rostralis	Hall and Montague 1951	SUBSPECIES		rostralis	talpoides	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800361	Thomomys talpoides subsp. rufescens	Wied-Neuwied 1839	SUBSPECIES	Thomomys rufescens	rufescens	talpoides	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800362	Thomomys talpoides subsp. saturatus	Bailey 1914	SUBSPECIES		saturatus	talpoides	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800363	Thomomys talpoides subsp. segregatus	Johnstone 1955	SUBSPECIES		segregatus	talpoides	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800364	Thomomys talpoides subsp. shawi	Taylor 1921	SUBSPECIES		shawi	talpoides	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800365	Thomomys talpoides subsp. taylori	Hooper 1940	SUBSPECIES		taylori	talpoides	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800366	Thomomys talpoides subsp. tenellus	Goldman 1939	SUBSPECIES		tenellus	talpoides	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800367	Thomomys talpoides subsp. trivialis	Goldman 1939	SUBSPECIES		trivialis	talpoides	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800368	Thomomys talpoides subsp. uinta	Merriam 1901	SUBSPECIES	Thomomys uinta	uinta	talpoides	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800369	Thomomys talpoides subsp. wallowa	Hall and Orr 1933	SUBSPECIES		wallowa	talpoides	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800370	Thomomys talpoides subsp. wasatchensis	Durrant 1946	SUBSPECIES		wasatchensis	talpoides	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800371	Thomomys talpoides subsp. whitmani	Drake and Booth 1952	SUBSPECIES		whitmani	talpoides	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800372	Thomomys talpoides subsp. yakimensis	Hall and Dalquest 1939	SUBSPECIES		yakimensis	talpoides	Thomomys	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800373	Thomomys townsendii	(Bachman) 1839	SPECIES			townsendii	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	J. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia vol.8 p.105		atrogriseus  Bailey, 1914; owyhensis Davis, 1937; similis Davis, 1937; *nevadensis Merriam, 1897; bachmani Davis, 1937; elkoensis Davis, 1937; *relictus Grinnell, 1926.	Snake River Valley of Idaho south and west to SE Oregon, NE California, and N Nevada (USA).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Megascapheus. Revised by Davis (1937) and Rogers (1991a, b), who recognized only two valid subspecies (townsendii and nevadensis). Considered a distinct species by Thaeler (1968b), Patton et al. (1984), Patton and Smith (1989, 1994), and Rogers (1991a, b), despite limited hybridization with bottae in NE California. Hall (1981:469, 495) reviewed Thaeler's evidence and included townsendii in umbrinus (sensu Hall).	Townsends Pocket Gopher.
12800374	Thomomys townsendii subsp. townsendii	(Bachman) 1839	SUBSPECIES		townsendii	townsendii	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	J. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia vol.8 p.105						
12800375	Thomomys townsendii subsp. nevadensis	Merriam 1897	SUBSPECIES	Thomomys nevadensis	nevadensis	townsendii	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800401	Thomomys umbrinus subsp. zacatecae	Nelson and Goldman 1934	SUBSPECIES		zacatecae	umbrinus	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800402	Zygogeomys	Merriam 1895	GENUS					Zygogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	N. Am. Fauna vol.8 p.195	Zygogeomys trichopus Merriam, 1895.	Gygogeomys  J. A. Allen 1895 [misprint].				
12800403	Zygogeomys trichopus	Merriam 1895	SPECIES			trichopus		Zygogeomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	N. Am. Fauna vol.8 p.196			Known only from small areas in the general vicinity of Lago Pátzcuaro, NC Michoacan (Mexico).	IUCN  Endangered. Local temporal extirpation documented by Hafner and Barkley (1984).		Michoacan Pocket Gopher.
12800376	Thomomys umbrinus	(Richardson) 1829	SPECIES			umbrinus	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	Quadrupeds, in Fauna Boreali-Americana vol.1 p.202		albigularis  Nelson and Goldman, 1934; martinensis Nelson and Goldman, 1934; *orizabae Merriam, 1893; *peregrinus Merriam, 1893; tolucae Nelson and Goldman, 1934; vulcanius Nelson and Goldman, 1934; arriagensis Dalquest, 1951; atrodorsalis Nelson and Goldman, 1934; *atrovarius J. A. Allen, 1898; camargensis Anderson, 1972; chihuahuae Nelson and Goldman, 1934; crassidens Nelson and Goldman, 1934; durangi Nelson and Goldman, 1934; emotus Goldman, 1933; enixus Nelson and Goldman, 1934; eximius Nelson and Goldman, 1934; extimus Nelson and Goldman, 1934; *goldmani Merriam, 1901; intermedius Mearns, 1897; *burti Huey, 1932; quercinus Burt and Campbell, 1934; juntae Anderson, 1972; madrensis Nelson and Goldman, 1934; caliginosus Nelson and Goldman, 1934; *sheldoni Bailey, 1915; musculus Nelson and Goldman, 1934; *nelsoni Merriam, 1901; evexus Nelson and Goldman, 1934; newmani Dalquest, 1951; parviceps Nelson and Goldman, 1934; potosinus Nelson and Goldman, 1934; pullus Hall and Villa, 1948; sonoriensis Nelson and Goldman, 1934; supernus Nelson and Goldman, 1934; zacatecae Nelson and Goldman, 1934.	SC Arizona and SW New Mexico (USA) south to Puebla and Veracruz (Mexico).	IUCN  Lowered Risk (nt) as T. u. emotus, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Megascapheus. Hybridization with bottae reported in Patagonia Mtns of S Arizona by Patton and Dingman (1968), Patton (1973), and Hoffmeister (1969, 1986). Considered a species separate from bottae by these authors and by Anderson (1966, 1972). Hall (1981:469) included baileyi, bottae, and townsendii in this species based on his view of the hybridization data in Hoffmeister (1969), Patton (1973), and Thaeler (1968b); he reported intergradation between umbrinus and bottae in Nuevo Leon (Mexico), which has not been verified by genetic analyses. Hafner et al. (1987) examined phylogenetic relationships among geographic units of umbrinus. Revised, in part, by Nelson and Goldman (1934b), Anderson (1972; for Chihuahua), and Castro-Campillo and Ramírez-Pulido (2000; for C Mexico).	Southern Pocket Gopher.
12800377	Thomomys umbrinus subsp. umbrinus	(Richardson) 1829	SUBSPECIES		umbrinus	umbrinus	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia	Quadrupeds, in Fauna Boreali-Americana vol.1 p.202						
12800378	Thomomys umbrinus subsp. arriagensis	Dalquest 1951	SUBSPECIES		arriagensis	umbrinus	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800379	Thomomys umbrinus subsp. atrodorsalis	Nelson and Goldman 1934	SUBSPECIES		atrodorsalis	umbrinus	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800380	Thomomys umbrinus subsp. atrovarius	J. A. Allen 1898	SUBSPECIES	Thomomys atrovarius	atrovarius	umbrinus	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800381	Thomomys umbrinus subsp. camargensis	Anderson 1972	SUBSPECIES		camargensis	umbrinus	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800382	Thomomys umbrinus subsp. chihuahuae	Nelson and Goldman 1934	SUBSPECIES		chihuahuae	umbrinus	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800383	Thomomys umbrinus subsp. crassidens	Nelson and Goldman 1934	SUBSPECIES		crassidens	umbrinus	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800384	Thomomys umbrinus subsp. durangi	Nelson and Goldman 1934	SUBSPECIES		durangi	umbrinus	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800385	Thomomys umbrinus subsp. emotus	Goldman 1933	SUBSPECIES		emotus	umbrinus	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800386	Thomomys umbrinus subsp. enixus	Nelson and Goldman 1934	SUBSPECIES		enixus	umbrinus	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800387	Thomomys umbrinus subsp. eximius	Nelson and Goldman 1934	SUBSPECIES		eximius	umbrinus	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800388	Thomomys umbrinus subsp. extimus	Nelson and Goldman 1934	SUBSPECIES		extimus	umbrinus	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800389	Thomomys umbrinus subsp. goldmani	Merriam 1901	SUBSPECIES	Thomomys goldmani	goldmani	umbrinus	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800390	Thomomys umbrinus subsp. intermedius	Mearns 1897	SUBSPECIES		intermedius	umbrinus	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800391	Thomomys umbrinus subsp. juntae	Anderson 1972	SUBSPECIES		juntae	umbrinus	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800392	Thomomys umbrinus subsp. madrensis 	Nelson and Goldman 1934	SUBSPECIES		madrensis 	umbrinus	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800393	Thomomys umbrinus subsp. musculus	Nelson and Goldman 1934	SUBSPECIES		musculus	umbrinus	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800394	Thomomys umbrinus subsp. nelsoni	Merriam 1901	SUBSPECIES	Thomomys nelsoni	nelsoni	umbrinus	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800395	Thomomys umbrinus subsp. newmani	Dalquest 1951	SUBSPECIES		newmani	umbrinus	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800396	Thomomys umbrinus subsp. parviceps	Nelson and Goldman 1934	SUBSPECIES		parviceps	umbrinus	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800397	Thomomys umbrinus subsp. potosinus	Nelson and Goldman 1934	SUBSPECIES		potosinus	umbrinus	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800398	Thomomys umbrinus subsp. pullus	Hall and Villa 1948	SUBSPECIES		pullus	umbrinus	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800399	Thomomys umbrinus subsp. sonoriensis	Nelson and Goldman 1934	SUBSPECIES		sonoriensis	umbrinus	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12800400	Thomomys umbrinus subsp. supernus	Nelson and Goldman 1934	SUBSPECIES		supernus	umbrinus	Megascapheus	Thomomys	Geomyidae 	Rodentia							
12900002	Dipodoidea	Fischer 1817	SUPERFAMILY							Rodentia							
13000632	Chibchanomys trichotis	Thomas 1897	SPECIES			trichotis		Chibchanomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.20 p.220			Andean highlands in far W Venezuela, Colombia, and C Perú.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Provenience of type, taxonomy, and distribution reviewed by Voss (1988).	Chibchan Ichthyomyine
13800295	Pteropus hypomelanus subsp. cagayanus	Mearns 1905	SUBSPECIES		cagayanus	hypomelanus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						subnigerspecies group.	
12900032	Cardiocranius paradoxus	Satunin 1903	SPECIES			paradoxus		Cardiocranius	Dipodidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mus. Zool. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersbourg vol.7 p.584			China (N Xinjiang, C Nei Mongol, N Ningxia, and Gansu; see G. Shenbrot, in litt., 2003; Ma et al., 1987; Mi et al., 1990; Qin, 1991; Wang, 2003; Zhang et al., 1997, and Zhou et al., 1985); Mongolia; S Tuviskaya Oblast, and E Kazakhstan (see Ilchenko and Volodin, 1992, and Sokolov and Shenbrot, 1988). Shenbrot et al. (1995) provide overall distribution map.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	A morphometric study by Sokolov and Shenbrot (1988) indicated that the Kazakhstan population falls within the range of intraspecific variation for C. paradoxus, and is not a separate species as was suggested by Gromov and Baranova (1981). For detailed habitat data see Naumov and Lobachev (1975). Reviewed by Gromov and Erbajeva (1995) and Shenbrot et al. (1995).	Five-toed Pygmy Jerboa
12900003	Dipodidae	Fischer de Waldheim 1817	FAMILY						Dipodidae	Rodentia	Mem. Soc. Imp. Nat., Moscow vol.5 p.372		Allactagidae Vinogradov, 1925; Dipodes Fischer de Waldheim,1817; Dipodina, Bonaparte, 1838; Dipodum Fischer de Waldheim, 1817; Dipsidae Gray, 1821; Jaculidae Gill, 1872; Sicistidae Weber, 1928; Sminthidae Brandt, 1855; Zapodidae Coues, 1875.			<p>The monophyly of dipodids is strongly established (Ellerman, 1940; Klingener, 1964, 1984; Shenbrot, 1992; Shenbrot et al., 1995; Stein, 1990; Vinogradov, 1930). Authors have usually recognized either a single family, Dipodidae (Ellerman, 1940, 1961; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; Holden, 1993; Hugueney and Vianey-Liaud, 1980; Klingener, 1964, 1984; Kowalski, 2001; McKenna and Bell, 1997; Ognev, 1948; Qiu and Storch, 2000; Savinov, 1970; Thomas, 1896; Vinogradov, 1930, 1937; Wang and Qiu, 2000; Winge, 1887), or two families, Zapodidae (including sicistines and zapodines), and Dipodidae (Corbet, 1978c; Corbet and Hill, 1992; Daxner-Höck, 1999; Lyon, 1901; R. A. Martin, 1994; Miller and Gidley, 1918; Pocock, 1922b; Schaub, 1958; Simpson, 1945; Vinogradov, 1925; Wang, 1985; Wilson, 1949; Wood, 1955). Whether one family or two, modern arrangements of subfamilies stems from Vinogradovs (1925, 1930, 1937) classic research and classification, which provided the foundation... [truncated]	
12900004	Allactaginae	Vinogradov 1925	SUBFAMILY						Dipodidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1925 1 p.578		Alactaginae Vinogradov, 1925; Allactaginae Vinogradov, 1930; Allactodipodini Zazhigin and Lopatin, 2000 [nomen  nudum].			Dental morphology and evolution studied by Shenbrot (1984). Allactodipodini was proposed for Allactodipus (Zazhigin and Lopatin, 2000a), but no type genus was explicitly indicated. Modern range of the subfamily is Asian (only Allactaga tetradactyla occurs in north Africa) and its evolutionary roots are in that continent. The first allactagine may have evolved from Asian late Oligocene Gobiosminthus (Zazhigin and Lopatin, 2000c) or Parasminthus (Wang and Qiu, 2000; McKenna and Bell, 1997, treat both genera as synonyms of Plesiosminthus) into two major lineages (Zazhigin and Lopatin, 2000c). One is represented by species of Protalactaga, the first true allactagines, from latter portion of Asian early Miocene, and may have been ancestral to Allactaga, which first appears in the later half of Asian late Miocene and is represented by an array of species in the Pliocene. Pygerethmus dates from the late Pliocene; it ... [truncated]	
12900005	Allactaga	F. Cuvier 1836 "1837"	GENUS					Allactaga	Dipodidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1836 p.141	Mus jaculus Pallas, 1778 (= Dipus sibericus major Kerr, 1792); see comments below.	Alactaga F. Cuvier, 1838; Beloprymnus Gloger, 1841 [nomen nudum]; Cuniculus Brisson, 1762 [nomen nudum]; Mesoallactaga Shenbrot, 1974; Microallactaga Shenbrot, 1974; Orientallactaga Shenbrot, 1984; Paralactaga Young, 1927; Proalactaga Savinov, 1970; Scarturus Gloger, 1841; Scirteta Brandt, 1844; Scirtetes Wagner, 1841 [not Hartig, 1838]; Scirtomys Brandt, 1844; see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) and Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987, 1998).			Does not include Allactodipus (see comment under Allactodipus bobrinskii). Shenbrot's (1984) subgeneric classification is followed below except where noted. Subspecific revision of species occuring in Belorussia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, W Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, S Russia, and NW Mongolia provided by Shenbrot (1993). Generic review and composite range map of species presented by Shenbrot et al. (1995). Mus jaculus Linnaeus, 1758 is the type species of Jaculus (see comments therein). Shenbrot (1984) described several subgenera, which we use here, but Zazhigin and Lopatin (2000c) claimed their distinctness is doubtful. Shenbrot et al. (1995) included the extinct Protalactaga (Miocene of North Africa and Asia) as a synonym, but Zazhigin and Lopatin (2000c) and McKenna and Bell (1997) retained it as a separate genus. McKenna and Bell (1997) recognized Proalactaga (Asian late Miocene), and Kowalski (2001) used Paralactaga (Pliocene-... [truncated]	
12900006	Allactaga	F. Cuvier 1836 "1837"	SUBGENUS				Allactaga	Allactaga	Dipodidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1836 p.141	Mus jaculus Pallas, 1778 (= Dipus sibericus major Kerr, 1792); see comments below.					
12900007	Orientallactaga	Shenbrot 1984	SUBGENUS				Orientallactaga	Allactaga	Dipodidae	Rodentia							
12900008	Paralactaga	Young 1927	SUBGENUS				Paralactaga	Allactaga	Dipodidae	Rodentia							
12900009	Scarturus	Gloger 1841	SUBGENUS				Scarturus	Allactaga	Dipodidae	Rodentia							
12900010	Allactaga balikunica	Hsia and Fang 1964	SPECIES			balikunica	Orientallactaga	Allactaga	Dipodidae	Rodentia	Acta Zootaxon. Sin. vol.6 p.16		nataliae  Sokolov, 1981 [see Sokolov and Shenbrot, 1987a].	Mongolia, from Altai Sumon east to Bordzon-Gobi (Sokolov et al., 1981a), and NE Xinjiang, China (Ma et al., 1987).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Orientallactaga. Closely related to A. bullata, with which it is parapatric in S Mongolia where the two species occur together in a narrow strip several kilometers wide (G. Shenbrot, in litt., 2003). Listed as a subspecies of A. bullata by Wang (2003).	Balikun Jerboa
12900011	Allactaga bullata	Allen 1925	SPECIES			bullata	Orientallactaga	Allactaga	Dipodidae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.161 p.2			Deserts of S and W Mongolia (Bannikov, 1954; Sokolov et al., 1981a; adjacent Chinese provinces of Nei Mongolia, E Xinjiang, Ningxia (Ma et al., 1987), Gansu (Chen and Wang, 1985; Zheng and Zhang, 1990) and N Shaanxi (Wang, 1990).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Orientallactaga. Closely related to A. balikunica (see that account).	Gobi Jerboa
12900025	Pygeretmus	Gloger 1841	SUBGENUS				Pygeretmus	Pygeretmus	Dipodidae	Rodentia	Gemeinn. Hand. Hilfsbuch. Nat. vol.1 p.106	Dipus platurus Lichtenstein, 1823 (emended to D. platyurus by Lichtenstein, 1828).					
12900026	Alactagulus	Nehring 1897	SUBGENUS				Alactagulus	Pygeretmus	Dipodidae	Rodentia							
13001565	Mus musculus subsp. castaneus	Waterhouse 1843	SUBSPECIES		castaneus	musculus	Mus	Mus	Muridae	Rodentia						See comments under species account.	
12900012	Allactaga elater	Lichtenstein 1825 "1828"	SPECIES			elater	Allactaga	Allactaga	Dipodidae	Rodentia	Abh. König. Akad. Wiss., Berlin vol.1825 p.155		aralychensis  Satunin, 1901; bactriana Blyth, 1863; caucasicus Nehring, 1900; dzungariae Thomas, 1912; heptneri Pavlenko and Denisov, 1976; indica Gray, 1842 [not Gray, 1830 or Bechstein, 1800]; kizljaricus Satunin, 1907; strandi Hepner, 1934; turkmeni Goodwin, 1940; zaisanicus Shenbrot, 1993 [see Corbet, 1978c, 1984; Shenbrot, 1993].	SW Pakistan (Roberts, 1977, 1997); Afghanistan (Hassinger, 1973); Iran (Lay, 1967); E Turkey (Krytufek and Vohralík, 2001); Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, N Caucasus, north along W Caspian Sea to Lower Volga south to Turkmenistan, east through Kazakhstan (see Kuznetsov, 1965; Sludskii, 1977; and Shenbrot, 1993) to NE Xinjiang, Nei Mongol, and N Gansu, China (Ma et al., 1987; Chinese range mapped in Zhang et al., 1997), and western Mongolia (Sokolov and Orlov, 1980), in desert and semi-desert zones. Overall range mapped in Shenbrot et al. (1995).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Allactaga. Does not include vinogradovi (see comment therein). Detailed review provided by Ognev (1963b). Karyotype contributed by Vorontsov et al. (1969c). Subspecific revision and additional distributional data provided by Shenbrot (1993). Segments in Russia, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Kazakhstan reviewed by Gromov and Erbajeva (1995) and Shenbrot et al. (1995). Shenbrot (in litt., 2003) is skeptical about distribution of this species in Nei Mongol, and N Gansu, China due to possible misidentification with Pygeretmus pumilio. For synonyms see Corbet (1978c, 1984) and Shenbrot (1993).	Small Five-toed Jerboa
12900013	Allactaga euphratica	Thomas 1881	SPECIES			euphratica	Paralactaga	Allactaga	Dipodidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5 vol.8 p.15		kivanci Çolak and Yi&#151;it, 1998 [see Corbet, 1978c; Krytufek and Vohralík, 2001].	Steppe and semi-desert from SE Turkey (Colak et al., 1994) south through Syria and Iraq to Jordan (Qumsiyeh, 1996), N Saudi Arabia and Kuwait (essentially as outlined by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; see also Colak et al., 1994, and references therein; Hatt, 1959).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Paralactaga. Many authors incorrectly employ the name williamsi for this species, but that name refers to a different species (see account of A. williamsi). Following Corbet (1978c:155), A. euphratica is considered a separate species from A. hotsoni. Reviewed by Colak et al. (1994).	Euphrates Jerboa
12900014	Allactaga firouzi	Womochel 1978	SPECIES			firouzi	Allactaga	Allactaga	Dipodidae	Rodentia	Fieldiana Zool. vol.72 5 p.65			Known only from the type locality, a flat plain with a gravel substrate and sparse, mountain steppe vegetation (Womochel, 1978).	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Subgenus Allactaga (not allocated to subgenus by Shenbrot, 1984). Allactaga firouzi appears to be morphologically distinct from A. euphratica and A. hotsoni (Womochel, 1978), but its relationship with these and other species of allactagines needs further study. Shenbrot (1993) tenatively synonymized firouzi with A. elater turkmeni, but later (in litt.) examinied the type specimen and considered firouzi synonymous with hotsoni, which is where Pavlinov et al. (1995) listed it. We recognize the species until published data indicates otherwise.	Iranian Jerboa
12900015	Allactaga hotsoni	Thomas 1920	SPECIES			hotsoni	Allactaga	Allactaga	Dipodidae	Rodentia	J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. vol.26 4 p.936			N, C, and SE Iran, SW Pakistan (Brown, 1980; Roberts, 1977, 1997; specimens in USNM), and S Afghanistan (Hassinger, 1973) in gravelly or stony peneplains "where practically no other rodent exists" (Roberts, 1997:352).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Allactaga (see Pavlinov and Shenbrot, 1985). Lay (1967) thought the holotype might represent A. williamsi, but Corbet (1978c:155) noted that "the very large bullae, short tooth-row and short, wide incisive foramina place it well outside the range of variation otherwise known" in A. williamsi (Corbet regarded williamsi as a synonym of A. euphratica). Morphological distinctions between A. hotsoni and A. elator in Pakistan are described by Roberts (1997). Available published data support recognition of A. hotsoni as separate from A. elater and A. euphratica; see comment under A. firouzi.	Hotsons Jerboa
12900016	Allactaga major	Kerr 1792	SPECIES			major	Allactaga	Allactaga	Dipodidae	Rodentia	In Linnaeus, Anim. Kingdom p.274		aulacotis (Wagner, 1840); brachyotis Brandt, 1844; chachlovi Martino, 1921; decumanus (Lichtenstein, 1825); djetysuensis Shenbrot, 1993; flavescens Brandt, 1844; fuscus Ognev, 1924; hochlovi Martino, 1922; intermedius Ognev, 1948; jaculus (Pallas, 1779) [not Linneaus, 1758]; macrotis Brandt, 1844; nigricans Brandt, 1844; spiculum (Lichtenstein, 1825); vexillarius (Eversmann, 1840); see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), Corbet (1978c), and Shenbrot (1991d).	Steppes and deserts from Caucasus N to Moscow and Kiev E to Ob River (W Siberia), Kazakhstan, and N Uzbekistan (west of Aral Sea), and W Xinjiang, China (Wang, 2003); range figured by Kuznetsov (1965), Shenbrot et al. (1995), and Sludskii (1977).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Allactaga. Includes jaculus Pallas (Ognev, 1963b:94; Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987:154). Subspecific revision and additional distributional data provided by Shenbrot (1993). Karyotype contributed by Vorontsov et al. (1969c). Reviewed by Ognev (1963b), Gromov and Erbajeva (1995), and Shenbrot et al. (1995). Detailed habitat data provided by Naumov and Lobachev (1975). Although modern western margins of range are near Moscow and Kiev, the species occurred as far west as Germany and Austria during the Pleistocene (Kowalski, 2001). For synonyms see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), Corbet (1978c), and Shenbrot (1991d).	Great Jerboa
12900017	Allactaga severtzovi	Vinogradov 1925	SPECIES			severtzovi	Allactaga	Allactaga	Dipodidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1925 p.583		chorezmi Shenbrot, 1993.	Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, N Turkmenistan, and N and SW Tajikistan; range figured by Kuznetsov (1965), Shenbrot et al. (1995), and Sludskii (1977).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Allactaga. Taxonomic study provided by Shenbrot (1991d), who described chorezmi as a subspecies of A. severtzovi. Reviewed by Ognev (1963b) and Shenbrot et al. (1995). Karyotype elaborated by Vorontsov et al. (1969c). Detailed habitat data provided by Naumov and Lobachev (1975).	Severtzovs Jerboa
13400169	Caviinae	Fischer de Waldheim 1817	SUBFAMILY						Caviidae	Rodentia	Mem. Soc. Imp. Nat., Moscow vol.5 p.372					Numerous extinct genera are present in the fossil record.	
12900018	Allactaga sibirica	Forster 1778	SPECIES			sibirica	Orientallactaga	Allactaga	Dipodidae	Rodentia	K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl. Stockholm vol.39 p.112		alactaga  (Olivier, 1800); alpinus Shnitnikov, 1936; altorum Ognev, 1946; annulata (Milne-Edwards, 1867); brachyurus (Blainville, 1817); bulganensis Shenbrot, 1993; dementiewi Toktosunov, 1958; grisescens Hollister, 1912; halticus (Illiger, 1825); longior, media (Pallas, 1779); mongolica (Radde, 1861); ognevi Shenbrot, 1991; ruckbeili Thomas, 1914; salicus Ognev, 1924; saliens (Gmelin, 1760); saliens (Shaw, 1790); saltator (Eversmann, 1848); semideserta Bannikov, 1947; suschkini Satunin, 1900; see Ellerman (1940), Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), Corbet (1978c, 1984), Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987, 1998), Shenbrot (1993), and Shenbrot et al. (1995).	From lower Ural River (Kazakhstan) and Caspian Sea east to Chitinskaya Oblast and south to N Turkmenistan (Kuznetsov, 1965; Shenbrot, 1993; Sludskii, 1977); Mongolia (Bannikov, 1954); China: Nei Mongol, Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, Nigxia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, N Hebei, W Liaoning, W Julin, and W Heilongjiang (in China see Ho et al., 1986; Laing and Zhang, 1985; Liu et al., 1990; Ma et al., 1987; Mi et al., 1990; Qin, 1991; Shou, 1962; Zhang and Wang, 1963; Wang, 2003; Zhang et al., 1997; and Zheng and Zhang, 1990); Shenbrot et al. (1995) provided overall distribution map; no valid record from Korea (see Corbet, 1978c:154).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Orientallactaga. Reviewed by Gromov and Erbajeva (1995), Ognev (1963b), and Shenbrot et al. (1995). Subspecific revision and additional distributional data provided by Shenbrot (1993). Geographic variation studied by Varshavsky (1991). Karyotype described by Vorontsov et al. (1969c). Detailed habitat data provided by Naumov and Lobachev (1975). For synonyms see Ellerman (1940), Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), Corbet (1978c, 1984), Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987, 1998), Shenbrot (1993), and Shenbrot et al. (1995).	Mongolian Five-toed Jerboa
12900019	Allactaga tetradactyla	Lichtenstein 1823	SPECIES			tetradactyla	Scarturus	Allactaga	Dipodidae	Rodentia	Verz. Doublet. Zool. Mus. Univ. Berlin p.2		brucii  (Lesson, 1827).	Coastal gravel plains of Egypt and E Libya, from near Alexandria to the Gulf of Sirte (see Ranck, 1968, and Osborn and Helmy, 1980).	IUCN  Endangered.	Subgenus Scarturus.	Four-toed Jerboa
12900020	Allactaga vinogradovi	Argyropulo 1941	SPECIES			vinogradovi	Allactaga	Allactaga	Dipodidae	Rodentia	Fauna SSSR, Mlekopitaiushchiy, Opredelitel grizunov, Izdatelstvo Akademii Nauk, SSSR p.138			S Kazakhstan, E Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyzstan (see Shenbrot, 1993; Shenbrot et al., 1995).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Allactaga. Shenbrot (1993) showed that A. vinogradovi differs from A. elater in toothrow length and phallic morphology, and that the two are sympatric along the Talas River and in SE Betpak-Dala (Kazakhstan). While the species is recognized by most workers (Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1998; Pavlinov et al., 1995; Shenbrot et al., 1995), Gromov and Erbajeva (1995) retained vinogradovi in the synonymy of A. elater. Reviewed by Shenbrot et al. (1995). There are no recent records of A. vinogradovi from Tajikistan, but the species occurred there during middle Pleistocene (G. Shenbrot, in litt., 2003).	Vinogradovs Jerboa
12900021	Allactaga williamsi	Thomas 1897	SPECIES			williamsi	Paralactaga	Allactaga	Dipodidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. vol.20 p.309		Subgenus Paralactaga . From the time it was described, williamsi was considered a species. Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951:530) recognized its specific status but noted that A. williamsi "is very close to euphratica, possibly merely a further series of larger races of that." Based upon a sample from Syria that seemed to show traits intermediate between euphratica and williamsi, Atallah and Harrison (1968) reduced the latter to subspecific rank. Colak et al. (1994), however, using reproductive, external, morphological, cranial, chromosomal, and behavioral traits, showed that euphratica and williamsi are separate species without evidence of hybridization in any geographic region. Gromov and Erbajeva (1995), Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1998), Pavlinov et al. (1995), and Shenbrot et al. (1995) retained williamsi and schmidti in the synonymy of A. euphratica. Reviewed by Colak et al. (1994) and Ognev (1963b). Detailed habitat data provided by Naumov and Lobachev (1975). Recorded in owl pellets from E Turkey (Obuch, 1994).	Anatolian Artemisia steppe of Turkey except in SE, Caucasia, Afghanistan, and Iran (see Colak et al., 1994, and references therein; Krytufek and Vohralík, 2001; range mapped as euphratica by Shenbrot et al., 1995, and recorded from N Turkey as euphratica by Pamukoglu and Albayrak, 1996 ).	caprimulga Ellerman, 1948; laticeps Nehring, 1903; schmidti Satunin, 1907.		Williamss Jerboa
12900022	Allactodipus	Kolesnikov 1937	GENUS					Allactodipus	Dipodidae	Rodentia	Bull. Sredne-Az. Gos. Univ. vol.22 29 p.255	Allactodipus bobrinskii Kolesnikov, 1937.				Reviewed by Shenbrot (1974, 1984), who showed that in postcranial and dental characters, particularly the height of the molars and alveolar pattern, A. bobrinskii falls outside the range of variation of species in the genus Allactaga where it was placed after Kolesnikovs description. He restored bobrinskii to Allactodipus, which is recognized by Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987, 1998), Pavlinov et al. (1995), Shenbrot et al. (1995), and Zazhigin and Lopatin (2000a, b). A careful phylogenetic study incorporating the traits used by Shenbrot, along with additional morphological differences, between A. bobrinskii and other allactagines and dipodines that also includes gene sequences would be welcome.	
12900023	Allactodipus bobrinskii	Kolesnikov 1937	SPECIES			bobrinskii		Allactodipus	Dipodidae	Rodentia	Bull. Sredne-Az. Gos. Univ. vol.22 29 p.255			W and N Turkmenistan and C and W Uzbekistan, in the Kyzylkum and Karakumy deserts; figured by Kuznetsov (1965), Shenbrot et al. (1995), and Sludskii (1977).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Karyotype provided by Vorontsov et al. (1969c). Reviewed by Gromov and Erbajeva (1995) and Shenbrot et al. (1995).	Bobrinskis Jerboa
13700431	Nectogale elegans	Milne-Edwards 1870	SPECIES			elegans		Nectogale	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris vol.70 p.341		sikhimensis  de Winton, 1899.	Cold mountain streams across the Himalayas and in W and C China; Tibet (Xizang Aut. Region), Nepal, Sikkim (India), Bhutan, N Burma, and Yunnan, Sichuan and Shaanxi (China).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	A species highly adapted for a semi-aquatic life (Hutterer, 1985). Includes sikhimensis, see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) and Hoffmann (1987). Reviewed by Hutterer (1993b).	Elegant Water Shrew
13800409	Rousettus amplexicaudatus subsp. minor	Dobson 1873	SUBSPECIES		minor	amplexicaudatus	Rousettus	Rousettus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13000871	Punomys lemminus	Osgood 1943	SPECIES			lemminus		Punomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	J. Mammal. vol.24 p.369			Cordillera Occidental, above 4400 m, S Perú.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Western Puna Mouse
12900024	Pygeretmus	Gloger 1841	GENUS					Pygeretmus	Dipodidae	Rodentia	Gemeinn. Hand. Hilfsbuch. Nat. vol.1 p.106	Dipus platurus Lichtenstein, 1823 (emended to D. platyurus by Lichtenstein, 1828).	Alactagulus  Nehring, 1897; Platycercomys Brandt, 1843; Pliopygerethmus Topachevskii and Skorik, 1971; Pseudoalactaga Topachevskii, 1971; Pygerethmus Vinogradov, 1930; Pygeretmus Gloger, 1841; see McKenna and Bell (1997) and Zazhigin and Lopatin (2000c).			Vorontsov et al. (1969b) found no distinguishing karyological characters between subgenera Alactagulus and Pygeretmus; in the same study, karyotypes and morphometric comparisons of subgenus Pygeretmus were provided. Shenbrot's (1984) subgeneric classification is followed below. Gromov and Erbajeva (1995) recognized Alactagulus as a separate genus, and Kowalski (2001) used Pliopygerethmus, but both are considered synonyms of Pygeretmus (Heptner, 1984; Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987; Shenbrot, 1984; Zazhigin and Lopatin, 2000c). Generic review and distribution provided by Shenbrot et al. (1995). For synonyms see McKenna and Bell (1997) and Zazhigin and Lopatin (2000c).	
12900027	Pygeretmus platyurus	Lichtenstein 1823	SPECIES			platyurus	Pygeretmus	Pygeretmus	Dipodidae	Rodentia	Naturh. Abh. Eversmann's Reise p.121		platurus (Lichtenstein, 1823); vinogradovi Vorontsov, 1958.	W, C, and E Kazakhstan, and NW Turkmenistan (G. Shenbrot, in litt., 2003; see map in Shenbrot et al., 1995).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Pygeretmus. Corbet (1978c) and Gromov and Baranova (1981) synonymized P. vinogradovi with P. platyurus without comment. Heptner (1984) agreed because he felt the differences between the two forms were not sharp enough to warrant specific recognition, a view followed by Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987, 1998), Pavlinov et al. (1995), and Shenbrot et al. (1995). Shenbrot's (1988) results indicated that P. vinogradovi falls within the range of variaiton of P. platyurus, and that vinogradovi should not even be recognized at the subspecific level. Reviewed by Gromov and Erbajeva (1995), Shenbrot et al. (1995), Silverstov et al. (1969) and Sludskii (1977); detailed habitat data provided by Naumov and Lobachev (1975).	Lesser Fat-tailed Jerboa
12900028	Pygeretmus pumilio	Kerr 1792	SPECIES			pumilio	Alactagulus	Pygeretmus	Dipodidae	Rodentia	In Linnaeus, Anim. Kingdom p.275		acontion  (Pallas, 1811); aralensis (Ognev, 1948); brachyotis (Ostrouchov, 1889) [nomen nudum]; dinniki (Satunin, 1920); minor (Pallas, 1779); minutus (Blainville, 1817); pallidus (Vinogradov, 1933); potanini (Vinogradov, 1926); pumilio (Kerr, 1792); pygmaea (Pallas, 1779); tanaiticus (Ognev, 1948); turcomanus (Heptner and Samorodov, 1939); see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), Corbet, (1978c), and Shenbrot et al. (1995).	From the Don River (Russia) through Kazakhstan to the Irtysh River (Kuznetsov, 1965; Sludskii, 1977), south to NE Iran (Lay, 1967); E to S Mongolia (Bannikov, 1954); China: W Nei Mongol (Ma et al., 1987), N Xinjiang (Chen and Wang, 1985; Ma et al., 1987), Gansu, and Ningxia (Wang, 2003; Chinese range mapped in Zhang et al., 1997).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Alactagulus (see Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987). The name pygmaeus is preoccupied and is an invalid junior synonym of pumilio, (Corbet, 1978c; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951). Reviewed by Ognev (1963b) and Shenbrot et al. (1995). Reviewed also by Gromov and Erbajeva (1995) who retained Alactagulus as the genus, not subgenus, for pumilio. For synonyms see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), Corbet, (1978c), and Shenbrot et al. (1995).	Dwarf Fat-tailed Jerboa
12900029	Pygeretmus shitkovi	Kuznetsov 1930	SPECIES			shitkovi	Pygeretmus	Pygeretmus	Dipodidae	Rodentia	Doklady Acad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Leningrad vol.1930A p.623		schitkovi  (Vinogradov, 1930); zhitkovi (Vinogradov, 1937); see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) and Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987, 1998).	E Kazakhstan, in region of Lake Balkhash (Corbet, 1978c; Kuznetsov, 1965; Shenbrot et al., 1995; Sludskii, 1977).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Pygeretmus. Corbet (1978c) regarded the emendation of shitkovi to zhitkovi invalid, but other workers disagree; there has been no ruling by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. Reviewed by Ognev (1963b), Gromov and Erbajeva (1995), and Shenbrot et al. (1995). For synonyms see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) and Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987, 1998).	Greater Fat-tailed Jerboa
12900030	Cardiocraniinae	Vinogradov 1925	SUBFAMILY						Dipodidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Zoc. Lond. vol.1925 1 p.578		Cardiocraniini Pavlinov, 1980; Salpingotinae Vinogradov, 1925 (Salpingotini Pavlinov, 1980).			Following Pavlinov (1980b) two tribes, Cardiocraniini and Salpingotini, are recognized. Pavlinov and Shenbrot (1983) recognized Cardiocraniinae and Salpingotinae in a Dipodidae, which was modified by Shenbrot (1992), who recognized only Cardiocraniinae within Dipodidae, an arrangement also employed by Zazhigin and Lopatin (2000a). Shenbrot et al. (1995) include the extinct Lophocricetinae, but other researchers recognize it as a subfamily in Zapodidae (R. A. Martin, 1994; Qiu, 1985), or tribe in Zapodinae (McKenna and Bell, 1997), or a subfamily in Dipodidae (where Zapodidae, Allactagidae, and Dipodidae are recognized; Zazhigin and Lopatin, 2000a). Characters of subfamily and geographic distribution reviewed by Shenbrot et al. (1995).	
12900031	Cardiocranius	Satunin 1903	GENUS					Cardiocranius	Dipodidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mus. Zool. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersbourg vol.7 p.582	Cardiocranius paradoxus Satunin, 1903.				Cardiocraniini. Detailed review provided by Ognev (1963b) and Shenbrot et al. (1995).	
12900043	Salpingotus thomasi	Vinogradov 1928	SPECIES			thomasi	Prosalpingotus	Salpingotus	Dipodidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 10 vol.1 p.373			Known only from the type specimen, of which the country of origin, "Afghanistan", is questionable (see discussion in Hassinger, 1973, and Roberts, 1977, 1997). Listed as occurring in S Xizang, China by Wang (2003).	IUCN  Data Deficient.	Subgenus Prosalpingotus (see Pavlinov and Shenbrot, 1985). Reviewed by Ognev (1963b).	Thomass Pygmy Jerboa
13800800	Hipposideros larvatus subsp. neglectus	Sody 1936	SUBSPECIES		neglectus	larvatus		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera							
12900033	Salpingotulus	Pavlinov 1980	GENUS					Salpingotulus	Dipodidae	Rodentia	Vest. Zool. vol.2 p.50	Salpingotus michaelis Fitzgibbon, 1966.				Salpingotini (Pavlinov, 1980b). Proposed by Pavlinov (1980b) based upon genital morphology, tooth characters, and shape of the condylar process on the dentary. Results of a morphometric and qualitative study of Salpingotus by Vorontsov and Shenbrot (1984) showed substructure within the genus based on overall morphological similarity (phenetic analyses), with michaelis joining the clusters of other Salpingotus at a high level of dissimilarity, followed by S. kozlovi. Their results indicated that generic separation of michaelis was not supported, particularly if kozlovi was retained in Salpingotus, so they treated Salpingotulus as a subgenus. Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987:162) suggested that kozlovi might belong in Salpingotulus, and the latter has either been included in Salpingotus (e.g., Holden, 1993; Shenbrot et al., 1995; Vorontsov and Shenbrot, 1984) or recognized as a separate genus (P... [truncated]	
12900034	Salpingotulus michaelis	Fitzgibbon 1966	SPECIES			michaelis		Salpingotulus	Dipodidae	Rodentia	Mammalia vol.30 3 p.431			Pakistan, SW Baluchistan (Roberts, 1977, 1997).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Salpingotus michaelis.	For discussion of Salpingotulus michaelis versus Salpingotus thomasi, and the possible occurance of Salpingotulus michaelis in Afghanistan, see Hassinger (1973) and Roberts (1977, 1997).	Baluchistan Pygmy Jerboa
12900035	Salpingotus	Vinogradov 1922	GENUS					Salpingotus	Dipodidae	Rodentia	In Kozlov, Mongolia and Amdo p.540	Salpingotus kozlovi Vinogradov, 1922.	Anguistodontus  Vorontsov and Shenbrot, 1984; Prosalpingotus Vorontsov and Shenbrot, 1984; see Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987) and Shenbrot et al. (1995).			Salpingotini. The subgeneric arrangement hypothesized by Vorontsov and Shenbrot (1984), based on morphometric analyses and skull, dental, and genital morphology, is followed here, except that Salpingotulus is recognized at the generic level (see that account). Comparative myology of pelvic girdle studied by Fokin (1971). Distribution of species of Salpingotus shown in Shenbrot et al. (1995) and Vorontsov and Shenbrot (1984). For synonyms see Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987) and Shenbrot et al. (1995).	
12900036	Salpingotus	Vinogradov 1922	SUBGENUS				Salpingotus	Salpingotus	Dipodidae	Rodentia	In Kozlov, Mongolia and Amdo p.540	Salpingotus kozlovi Vinogradov, 1922.					
12900037	Anguistodontus	Vorontsov and Shenbrot 1984	SUBGENUS				Anguistodontus	Salpingotus	Dipodidae	Rodentia							
12900038	Prosalpingotus	Vorontsov and Shenbrot 1984	SUBGENUS				Prosalpingotus	Salpingotus	Dipodidae	Rodentia							
12900039	Salpingotus crassicauda	Vinogradov 1924	SPECIES			crassicauda	Anguistodontus	Salpingotus	Dipodidae	Rodentia	Zool. Anz. vol.61 p.150		gobicus  Sokolov and Shenbrot, 1988.	Steppes and deserts of NW China (Xinjiang, Nei Mongol, and Gansu; Chen and Wang, 1985; Ma et al., 1987; Wang, 2003; Zheng and Zhang, 1990; Chinese range mapped by Zhang et al., 1997), S and SW Mongolia, and adjacent E Kazakhstan in Lake Zaysan basin (see Naumov and Lobachev, 1975; Vorontsov and Shenbrot, 1984; Vorontsov et al., 1969a). General distribution mapped by Shenbrot et al. (1995).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Subgenus Anguistodontus. Populations south of Lake Balkhash and north of Aral Sea previously included in S. crassicauda now recognized as a distinct species, S. pallidus. Reviewed by Ognev (1963b). Taxonomic study of Mongolia and Zaysan Basin populations provided by Sokolov and Shenbrot (1988). Karyotype elaborated by Vorontsov et al. (1969d). Reviewed by Ognev (1963b), Gromov and Erbajeva (1995) and Shenbrot et al. (1995).	Thick-tailed Pygmy Jerboa
12900040	Salpingotus heptneri	Vorontsov and Smirnov 1969	SPECIES			heptneri	Prosalpingotus	Salpingotus	Dipodidae	Rodentia	In Vorontsov (ed.) [The mammals: evolution, karyology, taxonomy, fauna.], Novosibirsk p.60			Uzbekistan and S Kazakhstan, NW and N Kyzylkum desert (see Shenbrot et al., 1995; Vorontsov and Shenbrot, 1984).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Prosalpingotus. Reviewed by Gromov and Erbajeva (1995) and Shenbrot et al. (1995).	Heptners Pygmy Jerboa
13700432	Neomys	Kaup 1829	GENUS					Neomys	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Skizz. Entwickel.-Gesch. Nat. Syst. Europ. Thierwelt vol.1 p.117	Sorex daubentonii Erxleben, 1777 (= Sorex fodiens Pennant, 1771).	Amphisorex  Duvernoy, 1835; Crossopus Wagler, 1832; Hydrogale Kaup, 1829 [not Pomel, 1848]; Hydrosorex Duvernoy, 1835; Leucorrhynchus Kaup, 1829; Myosictis Pomel, 1854; Pinalia Gray, 1838.			Type genus of tribe Neomyini Repenning, 1967, for which Reumer (1984:14) used the name Soriculini Kretzoi, 1965. However, both are antedated by Neomyini Matschie, 1909 and Nectogalini Anderson, 1879. Biogeography and phylogeny of the genus reviewed by Krytufek et al. (2000a).	
12900041	Salpingotus kozlovi	Vinogradov 1922	SPECIES			kozlovi	Salpingotus	Salpingotus	Dipodidae	Rodentia	In Kozlov, Mongolia and Amdo p.542		xiangi Hou and Jiang, 1994.	Deserts of S and SE Mongolia; and China: Nei Mongol, Xinjiang, Gansu, N Shaanxi, and Ningxia (see Chen and Wang, 1985; Ma et al., 1987; Mi et al., 1990; Qian et al., 1965; Qin, 1991; Wang, 1990, 2003; and Zheng and Zhang, 1990; Chinese range mapped by Zhang et al., 1997).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Salpingotus. See Corbet (1978c) for comment regarding allocation of specimen from Irtysh River on Kazakhstan-Chinese border to S. crassicauda. Reviewed by Ognev (1963b). Study of geographic variation in Mongolian samples provided by Sokolov and Shenbrot (1988).	Kozlovs Pygmy Jerboa
13400386	Spalacopus cyanus subsp. cyanus	Molina 1782	SUBSPECIES		cyanus	cyanus		Spalacopus	Octodontidae	Rodentia	Sagg. Stor. Nat. Chile p.300						
12900042	Salpingotus pallidus	Vorontsov and Shenbrot 1984	SPECIES			pallidus	Prosalpingotus	Salpingotus	Dipodidae	Rodentia	Zool. Zh. vol.63 5 p.740		sludskii Shenbrot and Mazin, 1989.	Deserts of N Aral and S Balkhash regions (see Shenbrot et al., 1995).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Prosalpingotus. Shenbrot and Mazin (1989) named sludskii as a subspecies of S. pallidus, but we are not recognizing subspecies. Reviewed by Shenbrot et al. (1995).	Pallid Pygmy Jerboa
13000669	Ichthyomys	Thomas 1893	GENUS					Ichthyomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1893 p.337	Ichthyomys stolzmanni Thomas, 1893.				Ichthyomyini. Revised by Voss (1988), who defined four species among the eight described taxa and evaluated their phylogenetic relationships.	
12900044	Dipodinae	Fischer 1817	SUBFAMILY						Dipodidae	Rodentia	Mem. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscow vol.5 p.372		Dipsidae Gray, 1821 (Dipina Gray, 1825); Dipodes Fischer de Waldheim, 1817; (Dipodinae Murray, 1866; Dipodina Bonaparte, 1838; Dipodini Brandt, 1855; Dipodum Fischer de Waldheim, 1817); Gerboidae Waterhouse, 1839 [nomen nudum ]; Jaculini Brandt, 1855 (Jaculina Haeckel, 1866; Jaculinae Alston, 1876); Paradipodini Pavlinov and Schenbrot, 1983; Stylodipodina Zazhigin and Lopatin, 2000 [nomen nudum].			Stylodipodiina was proposed for Stylodipus by Zazhigin and Lopatin (2000a) but no type genus was explicitly indicated. Zazhigin and Lopatin (2001) recorded four dipodine genera as occurring in Asia by late Miocene, the extinct Scirtodipus and Plioscirtopoda, and extant Dipus and Jaculus. Those authors also noted that by late Miocene-early Pliocene times, three phylogenetic lineages were already apparent. One consists only of Dipus; another contains Scirtodipus (late Miocene), Stylodipus, and Plioscirtopoda (late Miocene to early Pleistocene; see also Kowalski, 2001); and the third is represented by Jaculus, Eremodipus, and the extinct Jaculodipus (early Pliocene). Both extinct and living forms are basically Eurasian in distribution, and only two species of Jaculus extend beyond that region to North Africa (see accounts of J. jaculus and J. orientalis).	
12900045	Dipus	Zimmermann 1780	GENUS					Dipus	Dipodidae	Rodentia	Geogr. Gesch. Mensch. Vierf. Thiere vol.2 p.354	Mus sagitta Pallas, 1773.	Dipodipus  Trouessart, 1910; Dipsus Gray, 1821; Sminthoides Schlosser, 1924; see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), McKenna and Bell (1997), and Zazhigin and Lopatin (2001).			Dipodini. Shenbrot et al. (1995) and Zazhigin and Lopatin (2001) included the extinct Sminthoides (late Miocene to late Pliocene of Asia), but McKenna and Bell (1997) retained it as a separate genus in Dipodinae. For synonyms see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), McKenna and Bell (1997), and Zazhigin and Lopatin (2001).	
12900046	Dipus sagitta	Pallas 1773	SPECIES			sagitta		Dipus	Dipodidae	Rodentia	Reise Prov. Russ. Reichs. vol.2 p.706		aksuensis  Wang, 1964; austrouralensis Shenbrot, 1991; bulganensis Shenbrot, 1991; deasyi Barrett-Hamilton, 1900; fuscocanus Wang, 1964; halli Sowerby, 1920); innae (Ognev, 1930); kalmikensis Kazantseva, 1940; lagopus Lichtenstein, 1823; megacranius Shenbrot, 1991; nogai Satunin, 1907; sowerbyi Thomas, 1908; turanicus Shenbrot, 1991; ubsanensis Bannikov, 1947; usuni Shenbrot, 1991; zaissanensis Selevin, 1934 (see Corbet, 1984; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987; Shenbrot, 1991a, c; and Wang, 1964).	Desert, steppe and dry woodland from Don River (Russia), NW coast of Caspian Sea, and N Iran, through Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Kazakhstan to S Tuva, Russia; Mongolia (Bannikov, 1954); China ( Nei Mongol, Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia, N Shaanxi, N Shanxi, Liaoning, and Jilin; see Chen and Wang, 1985; Liu et al., 1990; Ma et al., 1987; Mi et al., 1990; Qian et al., 1965; Qin, 1991; Shou, 1962; Wang, 1990, 2003; Zhang and Wang, 1963; Zheng and Zhang, 1990; and Zhou et al., 1985; Zhang et al., 1997, provide map for Chinese range); see Shenbrot et al. (1995).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Karyotype described by Vorontsov et al. (1969d). Taxonomic study, analysis of geographic variation, and distribution throughout most of range provided by Shenbrot (1991a, c). Reviewed by Gromov and Erbajeva (1995), Ognev (1963b), and Shenbrot et al. (1995). For synonyms see Corbet (1984), Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987), Shenbrot (1991a, c), and Wang (1964).	Northern Three-toed Jerboa
12900047	Eremodipus	Vinogradov 1930	GENUS					Eremodipus	Dipodidae	Rodentia	Izv. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Leningrad, Otdel. Phyz.-Math p.334	Scirtopoda lichtensteini Vinogradov, 1927.				Following Vinogradov (1930), Heptner (1975), Gromov and Baranova (1981), Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987, 1998), Shenbrot (1990b), and Shenbrot et al. (1995), Eremodipus is recognized as a genus distinct from Jaculus. The oldest record of Eremodipus comes from the early Pliocene of Kazakhstan (Zazhigin and Lopatin, 2001).	
12900048	Eremodipus lichtensteini	Vinogradov 1927	SPECIES			lichtensteini		Eremodipus	Dipodidae	Rodentia	Z. Säugetierk. vol.2 1 p.92		balkashensis  Shenbrot, 1990; jaxartensis Shenbrot, 1990. See Shenbrot et al. (1995).	Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan, from Caspian Sea to Aral Sea, and south of Lake Balkhash (see map in Shenbrot et al., 1995).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Gromov and Erbajeva (1995), Ognev (1963b) and Shenbrot et al. (1995). Taxonomic study, distribution, and review contributed by Shenbrot (1990b), who described balkashensis and jaxartensis as subspecies (we do not recognize subspecies here). Detailed habitat data provided by Naumov and Lobachev (1975). Karyotype given by Vorontsov et al. (1969d). For synonyms see Shenbrot et al. (1995).	Lichtensteins Jerboa
12900049	Jaculus	Erxleben 1777	GENUS					Jaculus	Dipodidae	Rodentia	Syst. Regni Anim. vol.1 p.404	Mus jaculus Linnaeus, 1758, as fixed by Opinion 730 of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1965); not Jaculus orientalis Erxleben, 1777.	Haltomys  Brandt, 1844; Scirtopoda Brandt, 1844 [see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; and Corbet, 1978c].			Dipodini. Myology, in context of adaptive and phylogenetic significance, studied by Klingener (1964). Generic review and composite distribution map of all species provided by Shenbrot et al. (1995). Evolutionary history extends back to late Miocene of Kazakhstan (Zazhigin and Lopatin, 2001), late Pliocene of Morocco (Jaeger, 1970) and Ethiopia (Wesselman, 1984), and Plio-Pleistocene in Kenya (Black and Krishtalka, 1986); see review by Denys (1999). For synonyms see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) and Corbet (1978c).	
12900070	Sicista kluchorica	Sokolov, Kovalskaya, and Baskevich 1980	SPECIES			kluchorica		Sicista	Dipodidae	Rodentia	Gryzuny Severnovo Kavkaza. p.38			NW Caucasus; see Shenbrot et al. (1995) and Sokolov et al. (1987a).	IUCN  Data Deficient.	Sokolov et al. (1981b, 1987b) gave karyological and morphological characters that distinguished this species from S. caucasica and S. concolor, S. armenica (Sokolov and Baskevich, 1988), and S. kazbegika (Sokolov et al., 1986b). See also comment under Sicista and in Corbet (1984:25). Recognized by Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1998) and reviewed by Shenbrot et al. (1995).	Klochor Birch Mouse
12900050	Jaculus blanfordi	Murray 1884	SPECIES			blanfordi		Jaculus	Dipodidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5 vol.14 p.98		margianus Shenbrot, 1990; turcmenicus Vinogradov and Bondar, 1949.	SE coast of Caspian Sea through Turkmenistan to the Kyzylkum Desert, C Uzbekistan (Kuznetsov, 1965; Shenbrot et al., 1995), E and S Iran (Lay, 1967), S and W Afghanistan (Hassinger, 1973), and SW Pakistan (Roberts, 1977, 1997).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	The taxon turcmenicus has been considered a separate species (Corbet, 1978c; Holden, 1993; Shenbrot, 1990a), but Heptner (1975) treated it as conspecific with J. blanfordi, even though measurements given for the two species differ considerably, no tests of significance were performed, and only two specimens of J. blanfordi were included in the study. Holden (1993) recognized J. turcmenicus, as in Shenbrot (1990a), pending critical revision. Recent research corroborates Heptners view (Shenbrot et al., 1995) and turcmenicus is now included in J. blanfordi (Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1998; Shenbrot et al., 1995). Presence of spines on the bacula of J. blanfordi and J. orientalis (figured by Didier and Petter, 1960), is shared by turcmenicus (figured in Heptner, 1975), reinforcing its status as a geographic segment of J. blanfordi, and suggesting that the two species form a ... [truncated]	Blanfords Jerboa
12900051	Jaculus jaculus	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			jaculus		Jaculus	Dipodidae	Rodentia	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.63		aegyptius  (Lichtenstein, 1827); airensis Thomas and Hinton, 1921; arenaceous Ranck, 1968; butleri Thomas, 1922; centralis Thomas and Hinton, 1921; collinsi Ranck, 1968; cufrensis Ranck, 1968; darricarrerei Lataste, 1883; deserti Loche, 1867; elbaensis Setzer, 1955; favillus Setzer, 1955; favonicus Thomas, 1913; florentiae Cheesman and Hinton, 1924; fuscipes Ranck, 1968; gordoni Thomas, 1903; hirtipes (Lichtenstein, 1823); loftusi Blanford, 1875; macromystax (Lichtenstein, 1828); macrotarsus (Wagner, 1840); microtis Reichenow, 1887; oralis Cheesman and Hinton, 1924; rarus Ranck, 1968; schlueteri Nehring, 1901; sefrius Thomas and Hinton, 1921; syrius Thomas, 1922; tripolitanicus Ranck, 1968; vastus Ranck, 1968; vocator Thomas, 1921; vulturnus Thomas, 1913; whitchurchi Ranck, 1968 [see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; and Corbet, 1978c].	N Africa in Senegal (Bâ et al., 2000; Duplantier and Granjon, 1992), NE Nigeria (Happold, 1987) and Niger, from S Mauritania to Morocco (see range map in Aulagnier and Thévenot. 1986, and Bâ et al., 2001), E through Algeria (Kowalski and Rzebik-Kowalska, 1991), Tunisia (Vesmanis, 1984) and Libya (Ranck, 1968) to Sudan (Setzer, 1956), Ethiopia and Eritrea (Yalden et al., 1996), Egypt (Osborn and Helmy, 1980), and Somalia; throughout Arabia (Harrsion and Bates, 1991; Al-Jumaily, 1998, for Yemen), the Sinai and Israel (Mendelssohn and Yom-Tov, 1999) through Iraq (Hatt, 1959) to SW Iran (Lay, 1967). Granjon et al. (1992:272) stated that this species "has probably only recently reached Senegal from Mauritania where it was previously known to occur."	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Ranck (1968) recognized two species in this complex, J. jaculus and J. deserti, but Harrison (1978) showed that they are conspecific based on Ranck's criteria (see also discussion in Corbet, 1978c:152). Mendelssohn and Yom-Tov (1999) suggested that schlueteri is a species because it occurs adjacent to J. j. vocator in Israel without apparently intergrading as was claimed by Harrison and Bates (1991). Karyotype given by Al Saleh and Khan (1984) and Granjon et al. (1992). For synonyms see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) and Corbet (1978c).	Lesser Egyptian Jerboa
12900052	Jaculus orientalis	Erxleben 1777	SPECIES			orientalis		Jaculus	Dipodidae	Rodentia	Syst. Regn. Anim. vol.1 p.404		bipes  (Lichtenstein, 1823); gerboa (Olivier, 1800); locusta (Illiger, 1815); mauritanicus (Duvernoy, 1841) [see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951].	Arid or semarid regions of N Africa and Israel, from Morocco (see the range map in Aulagnier and Thévenot, 1986) E through Algeria (Kowalski and Rzebik-Kowalska, 1991), Tunisia (Vesmanis, 1984), and Libya (Ranck, 1968) to Egypt (Osborn and Helmy, 1980), Sinai and S Israel (Mendelssohn and Yom-Tov, 1999; "a narrow strip in northern Negev," G. Shenbrot, in litt., 2003).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Jaculus orientalis has been identified from the late Pliocene in Ethiopia (Wesselman, 1984) and Plio-Pleistocene in Kenya (Black and Krishtalka, 1986). For synonyms see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951).	Greater Egyptian Jerboa
12900053	Paradipus	Vinogradov 1930	GENUS					Paradipus	Dipodidae	Rodentia	Izv. Acad. Sci. U.S.S.R. p.333	Scirtopoda ctenodactyla Vinogradov, 1929.				Paradipodini. Shenbrot (1992) showed that Paradipus is highly differentiated from other genera in Dipodini (in which it has traditionally been placed) and appears to be most closely related to Cardiocraniinae, based on molar and mastoid characters. Study of the male reproductive tract by Pavlinov and Shenbrot (1983) supported molar and mastoid data, and those authors segregated Paradipus in its own tribe within Dipodinae, which is where Zazhigin and Lopatin (2000a) placed it in their classification. Shenbrot (1992) and Shenbrot et al. (1995) recognized Paradipodinae within Dipodidae. Paradipus was not included in Stein's (1990) study of limb myology. The tribe is represented by living P. ctenodactylus and extinct P. badhysus from early Pleistocene of Turkmenistan (Shenbrot, 1986; Zazhigin and Lopatin, 2001).	
12900054	Paradipus ctenodactylus	Vinogradov 1929	SPECIES			ctenodactylus		Paradipus	Dipodidae	Rodentia	Doklady Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Leningrad vol.1929 p.248			Sand deserts of Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and E Aral region of Kazakhstan; see Kuznetsov (1965), Sludskii (1977), and Shenbrot et al. (1995).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Karyotype described by Vorontsov et al. (1969d). Os penis described and figured by Shenbrot (1992). Range, taxonomy, and other characteristics reviewed by Gromov and Erbajeva (1995), Ognev (1963b), and Shenbrot et al. (1995).	Comb-toed Jerboa
12900055	Stylodipus	G. M. Allen 1925	GENUS					Stylodipus	Dipodidae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.161 p.4	Stylodipus andrewsi Allen, 1925.	Halticus  Brandt, 1844 [see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951].			Scirtopoda is often incorrectly used for this genus, but is a junior synonym of Jaculus (Corbet, 1978c:153; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951:536). Shenbrot et al. (1995) included the extinct Scirtodipus (late Miocene of Kazakhstan) as a synonym, but Zazhigin and Lopatin (2001) and McKenna and Bell (1997) listed it as a separate genus in Dipodinae. Zazhigin and Lopatin (2001) also regard Scirtodipus as ancestral to Stylodipus, which is represented by Pleistocene samples (S. telum) and early Pliocene material from Mongolia (S. iderensis and S. perfectus). Generic review provided by Shenbrot et al. (1995).	
12900071	Sicista napaea	Hollister 1912	SPECIES			napaea		Sicista	Dipodidae	Rodentia	Smithson. Misc. Coll. vol.60 14 p.2			E Kazakhstan and Russia, Altai Krai, NW Altai Mtns; see Kuznetsov (1965), Sludskii (1977) and Shenbrot et al. (1995).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Sokolov et al. (1982, 1987b) gave karyological, and spermatozoal characters that distinguished this species from S. pseudonapaea and S. betulina. Listed by Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1998) and reviewed by Gromov and Erbajeva (1995) and Shenbrot et al. (1995).	Altai Birch Mouse
13400185	Cavia tschudii subsp. festina	Thomas 1927	SUBSPECIES		festina	tschudii		Cavia	Caviidae	Rodentia							
12900056	Stylodipus andrewsi	Allen 1925	SPECIES			andrewsi		Stylodipus	Dipodidae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.161 p.4			NW, S, and C Mongolia east of Barun Khurai (Baruun Huuray) Valley; and adjacent China: Nei Mongolia, N Hebei, N Shanxi, N Shaanxi, Gansu, and Ningxia (see Ma et al., 1987; Qin, 1991; Wang, 2003; and Zheng and Zhang, 1990).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) and Corbet (1978c) included andrewsi as a subspecies of S. telum, but Sokolov and Orlov (1980) recognized it as a distinct species. Sokolov and Shenbrot (1987b) showed that in addition to the retention of a rudimentary P4, S. andrewsi is differentiated from S. sungorus and S. telum in dental and phallic characters, and in greater bullar inflation. The ranges of S. andrewsi and S. sungorus are adjacent but do not overlap (Sokolov and Shenbrot, 1987b). See comments under S. sungorus and S. telum.	Andrews Three-toed Jerboa
12900057	Stylodipus sungorus	Sokolov and Shenbrot 1987	SPECIES			sungorus		Stylodipus	Dipodidae	Rodentia	Zool. Zh. vol.66 4 p.580			SW Mongolia, possibly Xinjiang, China (see Sokolov and Shenbrot, 1987b:585).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	On the basis of the length and breadth of the molar row, size of auditory bullae, and phallic characters (Sokolov and Shenbrot, 1987b), S. sungorus appears to be distinct from S. telum. Relationship and distribution relative to S. andrewsi and S. telum is unclear and needs further study (see Sokolov and Shenbrot, 1987b). See comment under S. andrewsi.	Mongolian Three-toed Jerboa
12900058	Stylodipus telum	Lichtenstein 1823	SPECIES			telum		Stylodipus	Dipodidae	Rodentia	Naturhist. Anhang (or Eversmann's Reise Orenburg) p.120		amankaragai  (Selewin, 1934); birulae (Martino, 1922); falzfeini (Brauner, 1913); halticus (Brandt, 1844); karelini (Selewin, 1934); nastjukovi Shenbrot, 1991; proximus (Fairmaire, 1853); turovi (Heptner, 1934); see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), Shenbrot (1991b), Shenbrot et al. (1995).	E Ukraine, N Caucasus, W Turkmenistan, W Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan (Kuznetsov, 1965; Shenbrot, 1991b); E to N Xinjiang, China (see Chen and Wang, 1985; Ma et al., 1987; Mi et al., 1990; Qian et al., 1965; Shou, 1962; Wang, 2003; and Zheng and Zhang, 1990; but see comment below; Chinese range mapped by Zhang et al., 1997). See Shenbrot et al. (1995) for overall distribution	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Gromov and Erbajeva (1995), Ognev (1963b) and Shenbrot et al. (1995); subspecific revision contributed by Shenbrot (1991b). Karyotype provided by Vorontsov et al. (1969d). Because S. andrewsi is considered a synonym of S. telum by some workers, some of the earlier published records of S. telum from China represent S. andrewsi. Wang (2003) records S. telum only from N Xinjiang. See comments under S. andrewsi and S. sungorus. European Pleistocene records reviewed by Kowalski (2001). For synonyms see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), Shenbrot (1991b), Shenbrot et al. (1995).	Thick-tailed Three-toed Jerboa
12900059	Euchoreutinae	Lyon 1901	SUBFAMILY						Dipodidae	Rodentia	Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus. vol.23 1228 p.666					Based on crown structure of the molars and characters of the mastoid region, Shenbrot (1992) proposed that Euchoreutinae is most closely related to Sicistinae in Sminthidae. The results of Stein's (1990) study of limb musculature placed Euchoreutinae as a sister group of Zapodinae and Allactaginae in Dipodidae, Zazhigin and Lopatin (2000a, b) arranged it as a subfamily of Allactagidae, and Potapova (2000) espoused family rank based on bullar morphology. Lyon (1901) had originally proposed Euchoreutinae as a subfamily in Dipodidae. See comment under Dipodidae.	
12900060	Euchoreutes	Sclater 1890 "1891"	GENUS					Euchoreutes	Dipodidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1890 p.610	Euchoreutes naso Sclater, 1891.				Detailed review provided by Ognev (1963b).	
12900061	Euchoreutes naso	Sclater 1890 "1891"	SPECIES			naso		Euchoreutes	Dipodidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1890 p.610		alashanicus  Howell, 1928; yiwuensis Ma and Li, 1979 [see Corbet, 1978c, 1984].	S Mongolia; China (Nei Mongolia, Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, and Ningxia; see Chen and Wang, 1985; Liu et al., 1990; Ma et al., 1987; Qian et al., 1965; Shou, 1962; Zhang and Wang, 1963; Wang, 2003; and Zheng and Zhang, 1990; Chinese range mapped by Zhang et al., 1997).	IUCN  Endangered.	For synonyms see Corbet (1978c, 1984).	Long-eared Jerboa
12900067	Sicista caudata	Thomas 1907	SPECIES			caudata		Sicista	Dipodidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1907 p.413			Ussuri region of NE China (Heilongjiang, Jilin; Wang, 2003) and Primorski Kray, Sikhote-Alin range, N Korea, and Sakhalin Isl, Russia; see map in Shenbrot et al. (1995).	IUCN  Endangered.	Sokolov et al. (1982, 1987b) and Sokolov and Kovalskaya (1990) gave karyological and spermatozooal characters that distinguished this species from S. tianshanica, and from S. concolor (Sokolov et al., 1980). See also comment under Sicista and S. concolor. Korean range is discussed by Won and Smith (1999). Populations in Russia reviewed by Gromov and Erbajeva (1995) and Shenbrot et al. (1995).	Long-tailed Birch Mouse
13400387	Spalacopus cyanus subsp. maulinus	Osgood 1943	SUBSPECIES		maulinus	cyanus		Spalacopus	Octodontidae	Rodentia							
12900062	Sicistinae	J. A. Allen 1901	SUBFAMILY						Dipodidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.14 p.185		Sminthi Brandt, 1855; Sminthinae Murray, 1866; Sminthidae Schulze, 1890; Sicistidae Weber, 1928; Lophocricetinae Savinov, 1970.			<p>Some authors, mostly Russian (Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987, 1998; Pavlinov et al., 1995; Shenbrot, 1992; Shenbrot et al., 1995), use the family name Sminthidae for this group, because Brandt's (1855) supergeneric taxon Sminthi predates Sicistinae J. A. Allen, 1901a. Holden (1993) noted that the 1985 International Code of Zoological Nomenclature indicated that when two genera are united their respective type species remain the same, and the valid name of the newly formed taxon is that of the component taxon with the oldest valid name (ICZN, 1985d, article 66:125-127). Sicista Gray, 1827 predates Sminthus Nordmann, 1840, and thus Sicista is correct. Sicistinae is the valid subfamily (or family or tribe) name according to article 23 of the 1985 ICZN (p. 47). However, Article 40.2 of the 1999 ICZN states if " a family-group name was replaced before 1961 because of the synonymy of the type genus, the substitute name is to be maintained if it is in preva... [truncated]	
12900085	Zapus trinotatus	Rhoads 1894 "1895"	SPECIES			trinotatus		Zapus	Dipodidae	Rodentia	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.46[1894] p.421		eureka  A. B. Howell, 1920; montanus Merriam, 1897; orarius Preble, 1899 [see Hall, 1981].	Canada and USA: SW British Columbia, W Washington, coastal and WC Oregon, along the N California coast south to the Marin Peninsula.	IUCN  Lower Risk (conservation dependent) as Z. t. orarius, otherwise Lower Risk (nt).	Diagnosis, records, synonyms and range map provided by Hall (1981). Reviewed by Gannon (1988, Mammalian Species, 315; 1999).	Pacific Jumping Mouse
12900072	Sicista pseudonapaea	Strautman 1949	SPECIES			pseudonapaea		Sicista	Dipodidae	Rodentia	Vestn. Akad. Nauk Kazakh. SSR vol.5 p.109			E Kazakhstan, Taiga of S Altai Mtns; see Kuznetsov (1965), Sludskii (1977), and Shenbrot et al. (1995).	IUCN  Data Deficient.	Sokolov et al. (1982, 1987b) gave karyological, spermatozoal, and phallic characters that distinguished this species from S. napaea and S. betulina. Sicista pseudonapaea is provisionally recognized here, but requires further documentation, and the inclusion of other data sets, to establish its specific status. Recognized by Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1998) and reviewed by Gromov and Erbajeva (1995) and Shenbrot et al. (1995).	Gray Birch Mouse
12900063	Sicista	Gray 1827	GENUS					Sicista	Dipodidae	Rodentia	In Griffith et al., Anim. Kingdom vol.5 p.228	Mus subtilis Pallas, 1773.	Clonomys Thilesius, 1850; Sminthus [see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951].			Reviewed by Ognev (1963b). Karyological research and systematic problems in the genus reviewed by Sokolov et al. (1987b). Several species in the S. concolor complex (S. armenica, S. caucasica, S. caudata, S. kazbegica, S. kluchorica, S. tianshanica) have been distinguished by Sokolov and colleagues primarily by karyotypic and spermatozoal differences (Baskevich, 1996a, provides the most current summary of the morphological, chromosomal, and spermatozoal traits used to distinguish these species). All these species are provisionally recognized here, but need further documentation and corroborative data sets to firmly establish their specific status. Diagnoses, characteristics, distribution, geographical variation, ecology, and economic importance of species in Russia and adjacent regions extensively reviewed by Shenbrot et al. (1995). Myology, in context of adaptive and ... [truncated]	
12900064	Sicista armenica	Sokolov and Baskevich 1988	SPECIES			armenica		Sicista	Dipodidae	Rodentia	Zool. Zh. vol.67 2 p.301			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Sokolov and Baskevich (1988) presented karyological and spermatozoal characters that distinguished S. armenica from S. caucasica, S. kluchorica, and S. kazbegica. See also comment under Sicista. Recognized by Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1998) and reviewed by Gromov and Erbajeva (1995) and Shenbrot et al. (1995).	Armenian Birch Mouse
12900065	Sicista betulina	Pallas 1779	SPECIES			betulina		Sicista	Dipodidae	Rodentia	Nova Spec. Quad. Glir. Ord. p.332		montana  Méhely, 1913; norvegica Chaworth-Musters, 1927; taigica Stroganov and Potapkina, 1950; tatricus Méhely, 1913 [see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; and Corbet, 1978c].	Boreal and montane forests from Norway and Denmark, east to Lake Baikal region, north to the Artic Circle at the White Sea and Usa River, south to Austria, Carpathian and Sayan Mtns (Corbet, 1978c). See Gromov and Erbajeva (1995), Kuznetsov (1965), Sludskii (1977), and Shenbrot et al. (1995) for range in Russia. Corbet (1978c) included the Ussuri region of SE Siberia, but Sokolov et al. (1989) considered the Ussuri region records questionable, and Pavlinov (in litt., 1994) and Shenbrot et al. (1995) indicate that the species does not extend east of Lake Baikal.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Sokolov et al. (1982, 1987b) gave karyological and spermatozoal characters that distinguished this species from S. napaea and S. pseudonapaea. Pallas' type specimen was probably not preserved (Ognev, 1963b:33). Review of taxonomy, characteristics, ecology, and distribution available for Europe (Pucek, 1982; Mitchell-Jones, 1999), Austria (Spitzenberger, et al., 1995), East Baltic region (Timm et al., 1998), E Carpathian Mtns of Slovakia (Danko, 1994), Sumava Mtns of SW Bohemia (Andra and &#132;ervený, 1994), Svjatoj Nos peninsula and isthmus in Lake Baikal (Reiter et al., 1995), and Russia (Gromov and Erbajeva, 1995; Shenbrot et al., 1995). Fragments in owl pellets from Schleswig-Holstein is the first and only record for S. betulina since 1950 (Borkenhagen, 1996). Miljutin (1999) provided a comprehensive review of the morphology of S. betulina and its phylogenetic and adaptive significance. He (Miljutin, 1997, 1998) also included... [truncated]	Northern Birch Mouse
12900066	Sicista caucasica	Vinogradov 1925	SPECIES			caucasica		Sicista	Dipodidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1925 p.584			NE Turkey (E Black Sea Mtns; Krytufek and Vohralík, 2001) and NW Caucasus (see Sokolov et al., 1987a).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Sokolov et al. (1981b, 1987b) gave karyological and morphological characters that distinguished this species from S. kluchorica and S. concolor, S. armenica (Sokolov and Baskevich, 1988), and S. kazbegika (Sokolov et al., 1986b). Recognized by Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1998) and reviewed by Shenbrot et al. (1995). See also comment under Sicista, and in Corbet (1984:25).	Caucasian Birch Mouse
13000018	Cannomys	Thomas 1915	GENUS					Cannomys	Spalacidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.16 p.57	Rhizomys badius Hodgson, 1841.				The sister-genus of Rhizomys, a relationship based on cladistic analyses of skeletal and dental traits (Flynn, 1990). No fossil Cannomys have been identified.	
13600048	Paraechinus hypomelas subsp. eversmanni	Ognev 1927	SUBSPECIES		eversmanni	hypomelas		Paraechinus	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha							
12900068	Sicista concolor	Büchner 1892	SPECIES			concolor		Sicista	Dipodidae	Rodentia	Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersbourg vol.35 3 p.107		flavus  (True, 1894); leathemi (Thomas, 1893); weigoldi Jacobi, 1923 [see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951].	China: Heilongjiang, Jilin, Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, Shaanxi, W Sichuan, and Yunnan (Ma et al., 1987; Wang, 1990, 2003; Zhang et al., 1997; and Zheng and Zhang, 1990); W Kashmir and N Pakistan (Corbet and Hill, 1992; Roberts, 1997).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	S. concolor has been reported from the Chinese provinces of Heilongjinag and Jilin (Yang et al., 1991); the relationship of these populations to S. caudata needs further study. Does not include S. armenica, S. caucasica, S. caudata, S. kazbegica, S. kluchorica, or S. tianshanica; see comments under respective species, under Sicista, and in Corbet (1978c:149, 1984:25). For synonyms see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951).	Chinese Birch Mouse
13500014	Ochotona cansus subsp. cansus	Lyon 1907	SUBSPECIES		cansus	cansus	Ochotona	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha	Smithson. Misc. Coll. vol.50 p.136						
13801240	Macrotus waterhousii subsp. jamaicensis	Rehn 1904	SUBSPECIES		jamaicensis	waterhousii		Macrotus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
12900069	Sicista kazbegica	Sokolov, Baskevich, and Kovalskaya 1986	SPECIES			kazbegica		Sicista	Dipodidae	Rodentia	Zool. Zh. vol.65 6 p.949			Greater Caucasus: southern flanks in N Ossetia region of Russia, and the Kazbegi District on the northern flanks in Georgia (Shenbrot et al. 1995; Sokolov and Baskevich, 1992; Sokolov et al., 1986b, 1987a).	IUCN  Data Deficient.	Sokolov et al. (1986b) gave karyological and spermatozoal characters that distinguished the Georgian population of this species from S. caucasica and S. kluchorica, and S. armenica (Sokolov and Baskevich, 1988). Sokolov and Baskevich (1992) reported chromosomal, morphological, and spermatozoal data for a population from the North Ossetia region, which shows some chromosomal differences that they interpreted as simply geographic variation within S. kazbegica. Recognized by Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1998) and reviewed by Gromov and Erbajeva (1995) and Shenbrot et al. (1995). See also comment under Sicista.	Kazbeg Birch Mouse
13400186	Cavia tschudii subsp. osgoodi	Sandborn 1949	SUBSPECIES		osgoodi	tschudii		Cavia	Caviidae	Rodentia							
12900073	Sicista severtzovi	Ognev 1935	SPECIES			severtzovi		Sicista	Dipodidae	Rodentia	Byullet. Nauchno-issled. Inst. Zool., Mosk. vol.2 p.54		cimlanica Kovalskaya, Tikhonov, Tikhonova, Surov, and Bogomolov, 2000.	S Russia (S Voronezh Region and N Rostov Region; Kovalskaya et al., 2000) and E Ukraine (Zagorodnyk and Kondratenko, 2000). See Shenbrot et al. (1995).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Sokolov et al. (1986a) separated this species from S. subtilis by its distinctive karyotype. Holden (1993) provisionally recognized S. severtzovi but noted the need for further documentation, and the inclusion of other data sets, to bolster its specific status. Recently, Kovalskaya et al. (2000) sampled more geographic samples and amplified the chromosomal and geographic definition of S. severtzovi relative to S. subtilis, and Zagorodnyk and Kondratenko (2000) provided more chromosomal and distributional information. Reviewed by Shenbrot et al. (1995).	Severtzovs Birch Mouse
12900074	Sicista strandi	Formozov 1931	SPECIES			strandi		Sicista	Dipodidae	Rodentia	Folia Zool. Hydrob. Riga vol.3 p.79			N Caucasus, north to Kursk District of S Russia; see Shenbrot et al. (1995) and Sokolov et al. (1989).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Shenbrot et al. (1995). Sokolov et al. (1989) distinguished this species from S. betulina primarily by its different karyotype. Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987, 1998) listed S. strandi as a separate species, a hypothesis provisionally followed here. Further documentation and incorporation of other character sets is essential in order to assess whether or not strandi should be included in S. betulina.	Strands Birch Mouse
13700433	Neomys anomalus	Cabrera 1907	SPECIES			anomalus		Neomys	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.20 p.214		amphibius  Brehm, 1826; josti Martino, 1940; milleri Mottaz, 1907; mokrzeckii Martino, 1917; rhenanus Lehmann, 1976; soricoides Ognev, 1922.	Temperate woodlands of Europe, from Portugal to Poland and east to Voronesh, Russia; N Asia Minor and N Iran.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Spitzenberger (1990b); European range mapped by Mitchell-Jones et al. (1999). Sorex amphibius Brehm, 1826 is probably an earlier name for the species (von Knorre, pers. comm.), although it has to be treated as a nomen oblitum. Karyotype from Spain to Turkey uniformly 2n = 52, FN = 98 (Zima et al., 1998).	Mediterranean Water Shrew
13000002	Platacanthomyidae	Alston 1876	FAMILY						Platacanthomyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1876 p.81		Platacanthomyinae Alston, 1876 (Platacanthomyidae Miller and Gidley, 1918; Platacanthomyini Ognev, 1947); Typhlomyinae Ognev, 1947.			<p>Detailed diagnosis, general characteristics, and natural history provided by Carleton and Musser (1984). Since Blyth (1859) described Platacanthomys as a genus of Gliridae, Platacanthomys and Typhlomys have been regarded: as a subfamily of dormice (Ellerman, 1940, 1961; Ognev, 1947; Thomas, 1896); a family related to Gliridae (Simpson, 1945); a family allied with Cricetidae (G. M. Allen, 1940; Miller and Gidley, 1918; Pavlinov et al., 1995a; Qiu, 1989); a subfamily or tribe within Cricetidae (Chaline et al., 1977; Engesser, 1972; Fahlbusch, 1966; Mein and Fredudenthal, 1971; Reig, 1980; Schaub and Zapfe, 1953); allied to "the Murine family of Rodents" (Peters, 1865); or as a subfamily of a broadly defined Muridae (Alston, 1876; Carleton and Musser, 1984; Musser and Carleton, 1993). Separation from dormice and alliance with Muroidea have been supported by paleontologists, our own examinations, and those of others (Fejfar, 1999b; Stehlin and Schaub, ... [truncated]	
12900075	Sicista subtilis	Pallas 1773	SPECIES			subtilis		Sicista	Dipodidae	Rodentia	Reise Prov. Russ. Reichs. vol.1 2 p.705		interstriatus  (Petenyi, 1882); interzonus (Petenyi, 1882); lineatus (Lichtenstein, 1823); loriger (Nathusius, 1840); nordmanni (Keyserling and Blasius, 1840); pallida Kashkarov, 1926); siberica Ognev, 1935; tripartitus (Petenyi, 1882); tristriatus (Petenyi, 1882); trizona (Petenyi, 1882); vagus (Pallas, 1779); virgulosus [see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; Shenbrot et al., 1995].	Steppes from SE Poland, Hungary, E Serbia, Romania and NE Bulgaria (see Mitchell-Jones, 1999, for European range) through S Russia, N Kazakhstan, and SW Siberia to the Altai Range, Lake Balkhash, Lake Baikal, and NW Xinjiang, China (Li and Wang, 1981; Ma et al., 1987; Wang, 2003; see distribution map for Chinese segment in Zhang et al., 1997). See Ilchenko and Volodin (1992), Kuznetsov (1965), Sludskii (1977) and Shenbrot et al. (1995) for range in Russia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Holotype was probably not preserved (Ognev, 1963b:27). Karyology studied by Sokolov et al. (1986a). Review and distribution in Europe provided by Pucek (1982; in Mitchell-Jones, 1999), in Serbia by Petrov (1992), and in Russia by Shenbrot et al. (1995). Chromosomal characteristics of samples of S. subtilis in S Russia (Volgograd and E Rostov Regions) where that species ranges close to S. severtzovi is documented by Kovalskaya et al. (2000). See comment under S. severtzovi. For synonyms see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) and Shenbrot et al. (1995).	Southern Birch Mouse
12900076	Sicista tianshanica	Salensky 1903	SPECIES			tianshanica		Sicista	Dipodidae	Rodentia	Ezheg. Zool. Muz. Akad. Nauk vol.8 p.17			Tien Shan Mtns of Kazakhstan (see Sludskii, 1977); Tien Shan Mtns and E Tarbagatay Mtns of Xinjiang, China (see Ma et al., 1987; Wang, 2003); see overall distribution map in Shenbrot et al. (1995).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Sokolov et al. (1982, 1987b) and Sokolov and Kovalskaya (1990) gave karyological and spermatozoal characters that distinguish this species from S. caudata, and from S. concolor (Sokolov et al., 1980). See also comment under Sicista. Listed by Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1998) and reviewed by Gromov and Erbajeva (1995) and Shenbrot et al. (1995).	Tien Shan Birch Mouse
12900077	Zapodinae	Coues 1875	SUBFAMILY						Dipodidae	Rodentia	Bull. U.S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., ser. 2 vol.5 3 p.253					<p>The recognition of three genera of living zapodines (Ellerman, 1940; Klingener, 1963; Krutzsch, 1954; R. A. Martin, 1994), which we retain here, has been challenged by Corbet (1978c), Corbet and Hill (1992), and Simpson (1945), who included Eozapus in Zapus. Higher level relationships among zapodines have been addressed by Preble (1899), who described Eozapus and Napaeozapus as new subgenera of Zapus, and by Krutzsch (1954), who supported generic separation based on differences in tooth number and occlusal pattern, bacula, and ear ossicles. Klingener (1964:75) found no consistant differences in the myology of Zapus versus Napaeozapus (Eozapus was not included in his study), but favored generic separation of the two based on dental morphology. The dental differences between Eozapus on one hand, and Zapus and Napaeozapus on the other, as documented in Klingener (1963), R. A. Martin (1994), Preble (1899... [truncated]	
12900078	Eozapus	Preble 1899	GENUS					Eozapus	Dipodidae	Rodentia	N. Am. Fauna vol.15 p.37	Zapus setchuanus Pousargues, 1896.	Protozapus  Bachmayer and Wilson, 1970.			Oldest record is from early Miocene of Mongolia represented by E. prosimilis (Lopatin and Zazhigin, 2000). Eozapus similis from late Miocene sediments in Nei Mongol (Ertemte and Harr Obo, N China) may be ancestral to living E. setchuanus (Fahlbusch, 1992), and extinct E. intermedius (type species of Protozapus) from late Miocene strata in Europe. Protozapus, proposed by Bachmayer and Wilson (1970) and documented from the late Miocene of Spain, Austria, and Poland (R. A. Martin, 1994; van de Weerd, 1976), has been considered a junior synonym of either Eozapus (van de Weerd, 1976) or Sminthozapus (Farjanel and Mein, 1984). Van de Weerds allocation of Protozapus has been endorsed by Fahlbusch (1992), who also noted that molar occlusal patterns of Polish janossyi, the type species of Sminthozapus (Pliocene), closely resemble those of Eozapus, that many late Miocene European samples identified as Smintho... [truncated]	
13400187	Cavia tschudii subsp. sodalis	Thomas 1926	SUBSPECIES		sodalis	tschudii		Cavia	Caviidae	Rodentia							
12900079	Eozapus setchuanus	Pousargues 1896	SPECIES			setchuanus		Eozapus	Dipodidae	Rodentia	Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.2 p.13		vicinus  (Thomas, 1912).	China: Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Sichuan, and NW Yunnan; 3000-4000 m (Qin, 1991; Wang, 1990, 2003; Zhang and Wang, 1963; Zheng and Zhang, 1990; Zhang et al., 1997, provided distribution map).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Martin (1994:5) wrote "Although distinctly more hypsodont and with lophs and lophids connecting the primary molar cusps, Eozapus retains the generalized, underived zapodid pattern of Plesiosminthus." The latter is the oldest known scistine found in late Oligocene and Miocene sediments in both Europe and North America. Reviewed by Corbet (1978c) and Corbet and Hill (1992).	Chinese Jumping Mouse
12900080	Napaeozapus	Preble 1899	GENUS					Napaeozapus	Dipodidae	Rodentia	N. Am. Fauna vol.15 p.33	Zapus insignis Miller, 1891.				For verification of the absence of cheek pouches in Napaeozapus see Klingener (1971). Documented in fossil record from the middle Pleistocene (R. A. Martin, 1994; McKenna and Bell, 1997)	
13700529	Sorex maritimensis	Smith 1939	SPECIES			maritimensis	Sorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	J. Mammal. vol.20 p.244			Canada, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick.	Conservation status requires evaluation (Stewart et al., 2002).	Subgenus Sorex, S. arcticus group. Karyotype has 2n = 28/29, FN = 34. Van Zyll de Jong (1983b) and Volobouev and van Zyll de Jong (1988) suggested that maritimensis may be an independent species. Genetic data provided by Stewart et al. (2002) support that view. They suggest that S. arcticus and S. maritimensis shared a common ancestor approximately 2.4 million years ago.	Maritime Shrew
12900081	Napaeozapus insignis	Miller 1891	SPECIES			insignis		Napaeozapus	Dipodidae	Rodentia	Am. Nat. vol.25 p.742		abietorum  (Preble, 1899); algonquinensis Prince, 1941; frutectanus Jackson, 1919; gaspensis Anderson, 1942; roanensis (Preble, 1899); saguenayensis Anderson, 1942 [see Hall, 1981].	Canada: SE Manitoba, SW and E Ontario, S and E Quebec north to S Labrador. USA: E Minnesota, N and C Wisconsin, upper peninsular and N lower peninsular Michigan, E Ohio, Pennsylvania; north and east to NW New Jersey, New York, Connecticut, Rhode Island, W Massachusetts (isolated population in Martha's Vinyard), Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine; south to West Virginia, W Virginia, E Kentucky, E Tennessee, W North Carolina, NW South Carolina, and NE Georgia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	A specimen of Napaeozapus was collected in Park County, Indiana (Lyon, 1942), though subsequent trapping failed to yield further examples (Mumford, 1969). The identity of the specimen was verified by Klingener (1965:645) and Wrigley (1972:42). Systematic revision and biology provided by Wrigley (1972). Myology, in context of adaptive and phylogenetic significance, studied by Klingener (1964). Diagnosis, range map, and records provided by Hall (1981). Population in E Kentucky discussed by Meade (1992). Reviewed by Whitaker and Wrigley (1972, Mammalian Species, 14), Whitaker and Hamilton (1998), and Whitaker (1999a). For synonyms see Hall (1981).	Woodland Jumping Mouse
12900082	Zapus	Coues 1875	GENUS					Zapus	Dipodidae	Rodentia	Bull. U.S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., ser. 2 vol.5 3 p.253	Dipus hudsonius Zimmermann, 1780.				Revised by Preble (1899) and Krutzsch (1954). Myology, in context of adaptive and phylogenetic significance, studied by Klingener (1964). Dental evolution investigated by Klingener (1963). For verification of the absence of cheek pouches in Zapus see Klingener (1971). Phallic morphology described by Shenbrot (1992). Evolutionary history extends back to late Pliocene in North America (Klingener, 1963; R. A. Martin, 1994).	
12900083	Zapus hudsonius	Zimmermann 1780	SPECIES			hudsonius		Zapus	Dipodidae	Rodentia	Geogr. Gesch. Mensch. Vierf. Thiere vol.2 p.358		acadicus  Anderson, 1942; alascensis Merriam, 1897; americanus (Barton, 1799); australis Bailey, 1913; brevipes Bole and Moulthrop, 1942; campestris Preble, 1899; canadensis (Davies, 1798); hardyi Batchelder, 1899; intermedius Krutzsch, 1954; labradorius (Kerr, 1792); ladas Bangs, 1899; luteus Miller, 1911; microcephalus (Harlan, 1839); ontarioensis Anderson, 1943; pallidus Cockrum and Baker, 1950; preblei Krutzsch, 1954; rafinesquei Bole and Moulthrop, 1942; tenellus Merriam, 1897 [see Hall, 1981].	USA and Canada: S Alaska to S Coast Hudson Bay to Labrador, south to E North Carolina and NW South Carolina, southwest to NW Alabama, north to NE Mississippi and Tennessee, west to NE Oklahoma, northwest to SE Montana, northeast to SE Saskatchewan, northwest to C and S British Columbia. Isolated populations in S Wyoming, NC Colorado, N and C New Mexico, and EC Arizona.	U. S. ESA  Threatened as Z. h. preblei; IUCN  Endangered as Z. h. preblei, Vulnerable as Z. h. campestris, Lower Risk (nt) as Z. h luteus, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	Distinguishing Z. hudsonius from Z. princeps using repeated cranial measurements elaborated by Conner and Shenk (2003). The S Rocky Mtn population originally described as luteus, formerly assigned to princeps, was shown to represent hudsonius by Hafner et al. (1981). Diagnosis, records and range map (excluding Mississippi), provided by Hall (1981). Mississippi record given by Kennedy et al. (1982). Results of new survey for the species in New Mexico reported by Morrison (1992), and population in NE Oklahoma reviewed by Kasper et al. (1993). Reviewed by Whitaker (1972, Mammalian Species, 11; 1999b), and Whitaker and Hamilton (1998). For synonyms see Hall (1981).	Meadow Jumping Mouse
12900084	Zapus princeps	Allen 1893	SPECIES			princeps		Zapus	Dipodidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.5 p.71		alleni  Elliot, 1898; chrysogenys Lee and Durrant, 1960; cinereus Hall, 1931; curtatus Hall, 1931; idahoensis Davis, 1934; kootenayensis Anderson, 1932; major Preble, 1899; minor Preble, 1899; nevadensis Preble, 1899; oregonus Preble, 1899; pacificus Merriam, 1897; palatinus Hall, 1931; saltator Allen, 1899; utahensis Hall, 1934 [see Hall, 1981].	Canada and USA: S Yukon southeast to NE South Dakota, west to C Montana, southeast to SE Wyoming, S to NC New Mexico; northwest to N and C Utah (isolated population in SE Utah), N and C Nevada, EC California north to SW, C and E Oregon, SE Washington northwest to S Yukon.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Formerly included luteus; see comment under Z. hudsonius. Diagnosis, records, and range map provided by Hall (1981). Discrimination from Z. hudsonius by repeated cranial measurements documented by Conner and Shenk (2003). Reviewed by Cranford (1999). For synonyms see Hall (1981).	Western Jumping Mouse
13000031	Spalax golani	Nevo, Ivanitskaya, and Beiles 2001	SPECIES			golani		Spalax	Spalacidae	Rodentia	Adaptive Radiation of Blind Subterranean Mole Rats p.23			NE Israel, recorded from Mt Hermon, Quneitra, and El-Al on the Golan Heights (see Nevo et al., 2001:19).		Member of S. ehrenbergi superspecies in Israel, 2n = 54 (Nevo et al., 2001). See account of S. ehrenbergi.	Golan Heights Blind Mole Rat
13400188	Cavia tschudii subsp. stolida	Thomas 1926	SUBSPECIES		stolida	tschudii		Cavia	Caviidae	Rodentia							
13000001	Muroidea	Illiger 1811	SUPERFAMILY							Rodentia			Murina Illiger, 1811 (Myoidea Gill, 1872; Muriformes Tullberg, 1899; Muroidae Miller and Gidley, 1918; Muroidea Simpson, 1945); see family or subfamily accounts for other family-group synonyms.			<p>Although a loose group concept of Muroidea emerged with Gills 1872 classification (as Myoidea), its contents and definition were most substantively advanced in Tullbergs (1899) seminal monograph (as Muriformes) and its usage popularized in Miller and Gidleys (1918) supergeneric arrangement of Rodentia (as Muroidae). The landmark classification of Simpson (1945) standardized the superfamilys spelling, using the now familiar family-group suffix. With the exception of Gliridae, included by some early authors within Muroidea (e.g., Ellerman, 1941; Miller and Gidley, 1918), monophyly of the superfamily has been widely ratified from paleontological, morphological, and molecular perspectives (Bugge, 1970, 1971a; Emry, 1981; Flynn et al., 1985; Klingener, 1964; Luckett, 1985; Michaux et al., 2001b; Tullberg, 1899; Wilson, 1949; and see character summary and systematic review by Carleton and Musser, 1984:290-300). This same body of literature identifies Dipodoidea as sister... [truncated]	
13700530	Sorex merriami	Dobson 1890	SPECIES			merriami	unnamed subgenus, see comments	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Monogr. Insectivora vol.pt. 3 (Soricidae) fasc. l p.pl. 23		leucogenys  Osgood, 1909.	Xeric habitats in EC Washington to N and E California, Arizona, north-eastward to Nebraska, Wyoming and Montana (USA).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Referred to unnamed subgenus by George (1988:456). Reviewed by Armstrong and Jones (1971b, Mammalian Species No. 2).	Merriam's Shrew
13000003	Platacanthomys	Blyth 1859	GENUS					Platacanthomys	Platacanthomyidae	Rodentia	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.28 p.288	Platacanthomys lasiurus Blyth, 1859.	Platyacanthomus  Marschall, 1873 [lapsus]; Platyacanthomys Coues, 1890 [lapsus].			Although currently known only from the Indian Peninsula, the genus is represented in the Indomalayan region by the late Miocene P. dianensis, described from isolated molars in Yuanmou and Lufeng, Yunnan, China (Ni and Qiu, 2002; Qiu, 1989); the "living Platacanthomys lasiurus is closely related to  P. dianensis, and very probably descended from it" (Qiu, 1989:281).	
13000004	Platacanthomys lasiurus	Blyth 1859	SPECIES			lasiurus		Platacanthomys	Platacanthomyidae	Rodentia	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.28 p.289			Forests below 3000 ft (914 m) in SW Peninsular India to 14°north latitude (Kerala and Karnataka states; Agrawal, 2000).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Known by few museum specimens but apparently common in the right habitats. Peters (1865) redescribed the species in some detail; Ellerman (1961) also furnished an informative description, excellent cranial illustrations, and measurements of BMNH specimens. Reviewed by Agrawal (2000), who still regarded the species as "a specialised and aberrant arboreal dormouse." Jayson and Christopher (1995) encountered P. lasiurus in the Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary, Western Ghats in Kerala State, and provided what little ecological information is known.	Spiny Tree Mouse
13000005	Typhlomys	Milne-Edwards 1877	GENUS					Typhlomys	Platacanthomyidae	Rodentia	Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris, ser. 6 vol.12 p.9 [1877]	Typhlomys cinereus Milne Edwards, 1877.				Miocene Neocometes is morphologically close to Typhlomys. Fossil Typhlomys are known from late Miocene in China (Lufeng and Yuanmou, Yunnan), isolated molars described as T. primitivus and T. hipparionum (Ni and Qiu, 2002; Qiu, 1989). Two additional species, T. macrourus and T. intermedius, are also represented by molars from the late Pliocene in the Sichuan-Guizhou region, and Pleistocene samples of living T. cinereus come from the same area (Zheng, 1993) and Guangxi in S China (Chen et al., 2002). Zheng (1993) postulated two lineages: one leading from the late Miocene T. primitivus, through Pleistocene T. intermedius, to extant T. cinereus; the other from late Miocene T. hipparionum to late Pliocene T. macrourus. Of the two late Miocene species, occlusal patterns of T. primitivus are most like those of Neocom... [truncated]	
13000011	Eospalax rothschildi	Thomas 1911	SPECIES			rothschildi		Eospalax	Spalacidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.8 p.722		hubeinensis Li and Chen, 1989; minor Lönnberg, 1926.	Forest, scrub, grassland and farmland in NC China (Henan, Shaanxi, N Gansu, N Sichuan, and Hubei; see Zhang et al., 1997).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt) as Myospalax rothschildi.	The sister-species of E. smithii (Lawrence, 1991). The taxon hubeinensis (Li and Chen, 1989) was described as subspecies of M. rothschildi.	Rothschilds Zokor
13000012	Eospalax smithii	Thomas 1911	SPECIES			smithii		Eospalax	Spalacidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.8 p.720			Steppe and agricultural fields in NC China; recorded from provinces of N Gansu N Shaanxi, and Ningxia (Qin, 1991; Zhang et al., 1997).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt) as Myospalax smithii.	Phylogenetically closely allied to E. rothschildi and in same monophyletic group with E. fontainierii (Lawrence, 1991).	Smiths Zokor
13000006	Typhlomys cinereus	Milne-Edwards 1877	SPECIES			cinereus		Typhlomys	Platacanthomyidae	Rodentia	Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris, ser. 6 vol.12 p.9 [1877]		chapensis Osgood, 1932; daloushanensis Wang and Li, 1996 (in Wang et al., 1996); jingdongensis Wu and Wang, 1984; guangxiensis Wang and Chen, 1996 (in Wang et al., 1996).	Montane forests in mountains of S China (S Shaanxi, SE Gansu, W Sichuan, SW Hubei, SW Yunnan, Guizhou, Chongqing, Guangxi, W Hunan, Fujian, Jiangxi, W Zhejiang, and S Anhui) and NW Vietnam (northwest of the Red River); see G. M. Allen (1940 and references cited therein), Osgood (1932), Liu et al. (1985), Wang et al. (1996), Wang (2003), Wu and Wang (1984), Zhang et al. (1997).	IUCN  Critically Endangered as T. chapensis (but see below), Lower Risk (lc) as T. cinereus.	<p>Since G. M. Allens (1940) monograph, which provided a good description of the species and its geographic range as then known, the number of specimens identified as T. cinereus and its distribution in S China have increased dramatically (Wang et al., 1996). The new material has substantiated considerable geographic variation in pelage coloration and morphometric traits (Corbet and Hill, 1992; Wang et al., 1996; Wu and Wang, 1984), and led to the description of three new Chinese taxa as subspecies (Wang, 2003; Wang et al., 1996; Wu and Wang, 1984).</p><p>The species also occurs in NW Vietnam, where it was originally described as a distinctive subspecies of T. cinereus (chapensis Osgood, 1932). Based on study of older museum series, Musser and Carleton (1993) treated chapensis as a species because of its larger size (noted by Osgood), dark hind feet, and dark buffy underparts (grayish white in cinereus), which together distinguish it fr... [truncated]	Soft-furred Tree Mouse
13400256	Dasyprocta punctata subsp. pandora	Thomas 1917	SUBSPECIES		pandora	punctata		Dasyprocta	Dasyproctidae	Rodentia							
13000007	Spalacidae	Gray 1821	FAMILY						Spalacidae	Rodentia	Lond. Med. Repos. vol.15 p.303					<p>This family contains species of fossorial and subterranean muroids arranged in the Myospalacinae (zokors, Eospalax and Myospalax), Rhizomyinae (bamboo rats, Cannomys and Rhizomys), Spalacinae (blind mole rats, Spalax), and Tachyoryctinae (African mole rats, Tachyoryctes). All extant species are characterized by extreme morphological, physiological, and behavioral specializations associated with subterranean life in tubular burrows (Gambaryan, 1960; Gambaryan and Gasc, 1993; Nevo et al., 2001; Tullberg, 1899). Although each subfamily can be readily diagnosed by unique traits (Carleton and Musser, 1984), and although molar occlusal patterns among living species are dissimilar, all share a comparable cranial and postcranial skeletal architecture integrated with a myological system that characterizes highly specialized fossorial rodents. Such a phenotypic resemblance was interpreted as phylogenetic relationship by Tullberg (1899), who placed ... [truncated]	
13000008	Myospalacinae	Lilljeborg 1866	SUBFAMILY						Spalacidae	Rodentia	Syst. Öfversigt. Gnag. Däggdjuren p.25		Mesosiphneinae Zheng, 1994; Myospalacini Lilljeborg, 1866 (Myospalacinae Miller and Gidley, 1918; Myospalacidae Kretzoi, 1961); Myotalpinae Miller, 1896; Prosiphneinae Leroy, 1940; Siphneinae Gill, 1872 (Siphneidae Zheng, 1994).			<p>All family-group names listed in the synonymy have been used at one time or another, and recently Zheng (1994) preferred to employ Siphneidae. Regardless of preference, Lilljeborgs (1866) Myospalacinae is the oldest available name, whether used as family or subfamily. Diagnosis, morphological and chromosomal characteristics, distribution, and remarks on habits and habitat are provided by Carleton and Musser (1984). Phylogenetic arrangements of myospalacines were attempted by G. M. Allen (1940) and Leroy (1940) dealing with extant species; by Teilhard de Chardin (1942) studying extant and extinct species; by Kretzoi (1961), who reorganized the group using all named taxa up to 1961; and by Lawrence (1991) and Zheng (1994), who conducted phylogenetic analyses of living and extinct species.</p><p>Lawrence (1991) consolidated synapomorphic morphological traits defining Myospalacinae and recognized four species groups: 1) M. psilurus; 2) M. myospalax, M... [truncated]	
13000009	Eospalax	G. M. Allen 1938	GENUS					Eospalax	Spalacidae	Rodentia	Mammals of China and Mongolia, Nat. Hist. Central Asia vol.2 pt. 1 p.vii	Siphneus fontanieri Milne-Edwards, 1867.	Allosiphneus Kretzoi, 1961; Zokor Ellerman, 1941.			<p>Extant and extinct species recorded only from China. Phylogenetic relationships reviewed by Lawrence (1991, as Myospalax; see above discussion) and Zheng (1994), both of whom brought together fontanieri, rothschildi, and smithi in a cluster defined by a suite of derived morphological features (convex occipital shield, long incisive foramina bisected by premaxillary-maxillary suture, carotid canal at basioccipital-basisphenoid suture, configuration of pterygoid fossa, hypsodent and rootless molars). All three have always been recognized as species, usually grouped at the species-group or subgeneric level (G. M. Allen, 1940; Corbet, 1978c; Kuzhyakin, 1965; Leroy, 1940). The three were carefully described by G. M. Allen (1940), who also provided distributional and habitat information.</p><p>Zheng (1994) recognized Allosiphneus for the extinct species arvicolinus, which has rootless molars and belongs in this group, but the traits disting... [truncated]	
13000010	Eospalax fontanierii	Milne-Edwards 1867	SPECIES			fontanierii		Eospalax	Spalacidae	Rodentia	Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) vol.7 p.376		baileyi Thomas, 1911; cansus Lyon, 1907; fontanus Thomas, 1912; kukunoriensis Lönnberg, 1926; rufescens (J. A. Allen, 1909); shenseius Thomas, 1911.	Forests, steppes, scrub, and farmland in NC China (N Qinghai, N Sichuan, NGansu, Ningxia, N Shaanxi, Henen, N Shanxi, Shandong, Beijing, Jilin, Hebei, and Nei Mongol; Qin, 1991; Zhang et al., 1997).	IUCN  Vulnerable as Myospalax fontanierii.	In same monophyletic group as E. smithii and E. rothschildi, which is comparable to Ellermans (1941) fontanierii and smithii groups, and Zhengs (1994) Prosiphneinae. Fan and Shi (1982) recognized cansus and baileyi as species, but Li and Chen (1987, 1989) argued for their recognition as subspecies of M. fontanierii based upon analyses of morphology, karyology, and LDH isozymes. They were included in E. fontanierii by G. M. Allen (1940) and also by Zhang et al. (1997); Wang (2003) treated rufescens as a species with baileyi as a subspecies. Burrowing behavior recorded and quantified by Wang et al. (1994, as M. baileyi).	Chinese Zokor
13001564	Mus musculus subsp. bactrianus	Blyth 1846	SUBSPECIES		bactrianus	musculus	Mus	Mus	Muridae	Rodentia						See comments under species account.	
13000045	Tachyoryctes ibeanus	Thomas 1900	SPECIES			ibeanus		Tachyoryctes	Spalacidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1900 p.179			S Kenya, near Nairobi and western margin of the Athi Plains (Hollister, 1919); limits require resolution.		Musser and Carleton (1993) included ibeanus in T. splendens because ibeanus is geographically close to the range of T. splendens and was originally described as its subspecies (G. M. Allen, 1939). Since no empirical data as yet support the inclusion of ibeanus in T. splendens, we follow Hollister (1919) who identified series from SC Kenya as T. ibeanus. The genetic and distributional relationships between T. ibeanus and other named forms in S Kenya and N Tanzania require careful taxonomic revision.	Kenyan African Mole Rat
13500233	Lepus timidus subsp. scoticus	Hilzheimer 1906	SUBSPECIES		scoticus	timidus	Lepus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13700680	Galemys pyrenaicus	E. Geoffroy St. Hilaire 1811	SPECIES			pyrenaicus		Galemys	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.17 p.193		pyrenaica  (Geoffroy, 1811); rufulus (Graells, 1897).	Streams of the Pyrenees and the northern and central mountains of the Iberian Peninsula (France, Andorra, Spain and Portugal).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Includes rufulus as a possible subspecies; reviewed by Palmeirim and Hoffmann (1983, Mammalian Species No. 207) and Juckwer (1990). Karyotype has 2n = 42, FN = 68 (Peyre, 1957).	Pyrenean Desman
13000013	Myospalax	Laxmann 1769	GENUS					Myospalax	Spalacidae	Rodentia	Sibirische Briefe, Gottingen p.75	Mus myospalax Laxmann, 1773.	Aspalomys Gervais, 1841; Episiphneus Kretzoi, 1961; Myotalpa Kerr, 1792; Siphneus Brants, 1827.			Phylogenetic relationships reviewed by Lawrence (1991) and Zheng (1994), both of whose analyses affiliated extant species listed here and extinct Pliocene and Pleistocene species in the same monophyletic group (flat occipital shield, short incisive foramina within premaxillary bone, rooted or rootless molars, and other traits considered primitive for the subfamily). Zheng (1994) revived Episiphneus for the extinct youngi and pseudarmandi (which he called sinensis) and placed rootless forms in Myospalax. Lawrence (1991) demonstrated the artificiality of this arrangement, and we follow her arrangement in recognizing one genus with the M. psilurus and M. myospalax species groups, the latter also including the Pliocene and Pleistocene M. youngi and M. pseudarmandi. Myospalax as represented here is equivalent to Zhengs (1994) Myospalacinae. Corbet (1978c), following Kuzhyakin (1965), tr... [truncated]	
13000014	Myospalax aspalax	Pallas 1776	SPECIES			aspalax		Myospalax	Spalacidae	Rodentia	Reise Prov. Russ. Reichs. vol.3 p.692		armandii  (Milne-Edwards, 1867); dybowskii Sherskey, 1873; hangaicus (Orlov and Baskevich, 1992); talpinus (Pallas, 1811); zokor (Desmarest, 1822).	Steppes and farmland of Russia on banks of Onon and Ingoda Rivers in the Upper Amur basin, N Mongolia (Sokolov and Orlov, 1980), and NE China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Hebei, and N Shanxi; see Zhang et al., 1997).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	M. myospalax species group. Listed, with a question mark, as a subspecies of M. myospalax by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), and unequivocally as M. m. aspalax by Ellerman (1941) and Corbet (1978c). Separated as a species by Lawrence (1991) based on morphology, a status supported by karyotypic data (M. myospalax, 2n = 44, FN = 80-84; M. aspalax, 2n = 62, FN =110-114; M. psilurus, 2n = 64, FN =106-108; Martynova, 1975; Nevo, 1999; Vorontsov and Martynova, 1976) and analysis of blood proteins (Martynova et al., 1977). Closest phylogenetic relative is the early Pleistocene M. pseudarmandi, and both belong to the same species group containing the modern M. myospalax and Pliocene M. youngi (Lawrence, 1991).	Steppe Zokor
13000015	Myospalax myospalax	Laxmann 1773	SPECIES			myospalax		Myospalax	Spalacidae	Rodentia	Kongl. Svenska. Vet.-Akad. Handl. Stockholm vol.34 p.134		incertus Ognev, 1936; komurai Mori, 1927 (see Kaneko and Maeda, 2002); laxmanni Sherskey, 1873; tarbagataicus Ognev, 1936.	Altai Mtns and upper basin of Ob and Irtysh River drainages in S Russia, and E Kazakhstan (entire N region of Cisaltai plain and foothills as well as the W and C Altai; see Ognev, 1947).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	M. myospalax species group. As part of a study of 25 extant rodent genera, morphology and schmelzmuster of rootless molars in M. myospalax and their relation to jaw movement were documented (Koenigswald et al., 1994). Gambaryan and Gasc (1993) presented a cinefluorographiccal, anatomical, and biomechanical analyses of burrowing in M. myospalax to reveal the adaptive properties of its musculoskeletal system. See account of M. aspalax for chromosomal contrasts.	Altai Zokor
13000016	Myospalax psilurus	Milne-Edwards 1874	SPECIES			psilurus		Myospalax	Spalacidae	Rodentia	Rech. Hist. Nat. Mammifères p.126		epsilanus Thomas, 1912; spilurus (Trouessart, 1897).	Agricultural fields and grasslands from NE and C China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin, Shandong, Henan, N Shaanxi, Ningxia, N Gansu, and Anhui; see Zhang et al., 1997) to SE Mongolia (Sokolov and Orlov, 1980), and adjacent parts of Russia in the Amur region.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt) as M. epsilanus, Lower Risk (lc) as M. psilurus.	M. psilurus species group. Sole member of group, which is defined, except for rootless hypsodonty, by retention of the greatest number of primitive traits of any Myospalax studied by Lawrence (1991). The status of the taxon epsilanus (type locality, N Manchuria, Khingan Mtns, 3400 ft) has been variously interpreted. It was described as a species (Thomas, 1912b) but subsequently included in M. myospalax (Corbet, 1978c) or in M. psilurus (Ellerman, 1941; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; Gromov and Erbajeva, 1995; Ognev, 1947). Lawrence (1991) recognized epsilanus as a separate species, the most primitive of the M. myospalax species group, which also includes Pliocene and Pleistocene fossil species. Her viewpoint has been incorporated into mammalian checklists (Musser and Carleton, 1993; Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1998; Pavlinov et al., 1995a; Wang, 2003), but not all Chinese researchers have discrim... [truncated]	North China Zokor
13000029	Spalax galili	Nevo, Ivanitskaya, and Beiles 2001	SPECIES			galili		Spalax	Spalacidae	Rodentia	Adaptive Radiation of Blind Subterranean Mole Rats p.23			Known from Maalot, Kerem Ben Zimra, and Qiryat Shemona in Upper Galilee Mtns near border with Lebanon (see Nevo et al., 2001:19).		Member of S. ehrenbergi superspecies in Israel, 2n = 52 (Nevo et al., 2001). See account of S. ehrenbergi.	Upper Galilee Mountains Blind Mole Rat
13700531	Sorex milleri	Jackson 1947	SPECIES			milleri	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.60 p.131			Restricted to the Sierra Madre Oriental of Coahuila and Nuevo Leon, Mexico.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Subgenus Otisorex. Controversial opinions on the systematic status of milleri exist; Findley (1955a) regarded it as a morphologically distinct relict population allied to cinereus and accepted its specific status, as did Hall (1981) and Junge and Hoffmann (1981); while van Zyll de Jong and Kirkland (1989) suggested that milleri may not merit full specific status.	Carmen Mountain Shrew
13700541	Sorex monticolus subsp. isolatus	Jackson 1922	SUBSPECIES		isolatus	monticolus	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13000017	Rhizomyinae	Winge 1887	SUBFAMILY						Spalacidae	Rodentia	E Museo Lundii vol.1 p.109		Rhizomyini Winge, 1887 (Rhizomyinae Thomas, 1896; Rhizomyidae Miller and Gidley, 1918).			<p>Diagnosed and reviewed by Ellerman (1961), Carleton and Musser (1984), and also by Flynn (1990), who summarized cladistic relationships among extant and extinct genera. Differences in dentition, infraorbital canal, and zygomatic plate have been used to separate African mole rats as a subfamily from the Asian Rhizomyinae (Chaline et al., 1977; Miller and Gidley, 1918). Ellerman (1940, 1941) interpreted these distinctions as demonstrating Tachyoryctes to be phyletically remote from Asian rhizomyines, instead emphasized its dental similarities to the nesomyine Brachyuromys, a link recognized earlier by Major (1897), and combined the two genera in Tachyoryctinae of an inclusively defined Muridae. The distant relationship of Tachyoryctes to Asian rhizomyines was also supported by Lavocat (1978), who listed Tachyoryctinae as one of six subfamiles of Nesomyidae, all occurring primarily in Africa and presumably descended from afrocricetodontines rather than some ... [truncated]	
13400257	Dasyprocta punctata subsp. richmondi	Goldman 1917	SUBSPECIES		richmondi	punctata		Dasyprocta	Dasyproctidae	Rodentia							
13000019	Cannomys badius	Hodgson 1841	SPECIES			badius		Cannomys	Spalacidae	Rodentia	Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. vol.2 p.60		castaneus (Blyth, 1843); lönnbergi Gyldenstolpe, 1917; minor (Gray, 1842); pater Thomas, 1915; plumbescens Thomas, 1915.	E Nepal, through NE India (West Bengal, Assam, Meghalaya, Manipur, Nagaland, and Mizoram; Agrawal, 2000), Bhutan, SE Bangladesh, Burma (Ellerman, 1961), S China (SW Yunnan; Zhang et al., 1997), NW Vietnam (Dang et al., 1994), Thailand (J. T. Marshall, Jr., 1977a; Robinson et al., 1995), and Cambodia; see Kock and Posamentier (1983) and Lekagul and McNeely (1977).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Corbet and Hill (1992). Regional faunal treatises provide informative accounts for populations in Thailand (J. T. Marshall, Jr., 1977a), Burma (Ellerman, 1961), and China (G. M. Allen, 1940). Agrawal (2000) reviewed Indian populations and could find no significant differences in fur coloration and other traits among the three subspecies (castaneus, pater, and plumbescens) recognized by Ellerman (1961) and treated them as full synonyms of C. badius.	Lesser Bamboo Rat
13000020	Rhizomys	Gray 1831	GENUS					Rhizomys	Spalacidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1831 p.95	Rhizomys sinensis Gray, 1831.	Brachyrhizomys Teilhard de Chardin, 1942; Nyctocleptes Temminck, 1832.			Anatomy of gastrointestinal tract and comparisons with other muroids provided by Vorontsov (1979); cranium and dentition figured by Ellerman (1940). Evolutionary history extends back to the very late Miocene (5.7 million years ago) in China (Flynn, 1993). The extinct Chinese shansius, the genotype of Brachyrhizomys, is regarded as a species of Rhizomys with Brachyrhizomys conserved as a subgenus (Flynn, 1990, 1993). Other extinct Pakistan and Indian species formally allocated to Brachyrhizomys (Flynn, 1982a, b) are rhizomyines, not tachyoryctines, that are morphologically more closely related to Rhizomys than to Cannomys and lack a generic name (Flynn, 1990).	
13000021	Rhizomys pruinosus	Blyth 1851	SPECIES			pruinosus		Rhizomys	Spalacidae	Rodentia	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.20 p.519		latouchei Thomas, 1915; pannosus Thomas, 1915; prusianus Shih, 1930; senex Thomas, 1915; umbriceps Thomas, 1916.	S China (Yunnan, Ghizhou, Sichuan, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangxi, Guangdong, and Fujian; Zhang et al., 1997), NE India (Meghalaya, Nagaland, and Manipur; Agrawal, 2000), E Burma, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam (Dang et al., 1994), south to Perak on Malay Peninsula (Chasen, 1940; Medway, 1969); 1000 to 4000 m in mountains.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Corbet and Hill (1992). Good regional reviews exist for India (Agrawal, 2000), Burma (Ellerman, 1961), Thailand (J. T. Marshall, Jr., 1977a), and China (G. M. Allen, 1940).	Hoary Bamboo Rat
13000022	Rhizomys sinensis	Gray 1831	SPECIES			sinensis		Rhizomys	Spalacidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1831 p.95		chinensis Swinhoe, 1870; davidi Thomas, 1911; neowardi Wang, 2003; pediculus Wang, 2003; reductus Dao and Cao, 1990; vestitus Milne-Edwards, 1871; wardi Thomas, 1921.	S China (Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, north to S Gansu and S Shaanxi, east and south through Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian, Anhui, Zhejiang, and Jiangxi; G. M. Allen, 1940; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; Wang, 1990; Zhang et al., 1997; Zheng and Zhang, 1990), N Burma (Ellerman, 1961), and N Vietnam (Dang et al., 1994).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Corbet and Hill (1992); G. M. Allen (1940) and Ellerman (1961) offered excellent portrayals concerning morphology, distribution, taxonomy, and ecology. Dao and Cao (1990) described reductus as a subspecies of R. sinensis from N Vietnam. Corbet and Hill (1992) listed troglodytes, which is based on Chinese fossils, in the synonymy of R. sinensis following Cao (1985), but Zheng (1993) documented fossils identified as R. sinensis and R. troglodytes from Pleistocene cave sediments in the Sichuan-Guizhou region. Wang (2003) recognized R. wardi as a species, with neowardi as subspecies.	Chinese Bamboo Rat
13000023	Rhizomys sumatrensis	Raffles 1821	SPECIES			sumatrensis		Rhizomys	Spalacidae	Rodentia	Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol.13 p.258		cinereus  MClelland, 1842; dekan (Temminck, 1832); erythrogenys Anderson, 1877; insularis Thomas, 1915; javanus (Cuvier, 1829); padangensis Brongersma, 1936.	Sumatra and Malay Peninsula (Chasen, 1940; Medway, 1969), Thailand (J. T. Marshall, Jr., 1977a), Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam (Dang et al., 1994), S China (SW Yunnan; Zhang et al., 1997), and Burma (Ellerman, 1961).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Corbet and Hill (1992). Informative regional reports covering distribution, taxonomy, morphology, and natural history exist for Thailand (J. T. Marshall, 1977a), Burma (Ellerman, 1961), and China (G. M. Allen, 1940). Karyotype (2n = 50, FN = 100) documented by Hsu and Johnson (1963).	Indomalayan Bamboo Rat
13000024	Spalacinae	Gray 1821	SUBFAMILY						Spalacidae	Rodentia	Lond. Med. Repos. vol.15 p.303		Aspalacidae Gray, 1825 (Aspalacina, Gray, 1825; Aspalacina Bonaparte, 1837); Spalacidae Gray 1821 (Spalasina Reichenbach, 1836; Spalacini Giebel, 1855; Spalacinae Thomas, 1896; Spalacini Fejfar, 1972, un-necessary renaming).			<p>First comprehensive monograph by Méhely (1909), who arranged all taxa into three subgenera of Spalax. A single genus had been recognized in most influential checklists and faunal accounts (Ellerman, 1940; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; Ognev, 1963a; Simpson, 1945) until Topachevskii (1969, 1976) monographed the subfamily and defended two genera, Spalax and Microspalax (= Nannospalax; proposed by Palmer, 1903, to replace the preoccupied Microspalax). His dual arrangement is accepted by some (de Bruijn, 1984; Gromov and Erbajeva, 1995; Kretzoi, 1970-71; Lyapunova et al., 1974; McKenna and Bell, 1997; Mitchell-Jones et al., 1999; Musser and Carleton, 1993; Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987, 1998; Pavlinov et al., 1995a; Savi&#269;, 1982a; Vorontsov et al., 1977b) but not others (Carleton and Musser, 1984; Corbet, 1978c; Kowalski, 2001; Nevo et al., 2001; Savi&#269; and Nevo, 1990; Ünay, 1996, 1999). Topachevskii (1969... [truncated]	
13000043	Tachyoryctes audax	Thomas 1910	SPECIES			audax		Tachyoryctes	Spalacidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.5 p.421			Kenya, Aberdare Range, 2775-3200 m (Hollister, 1919).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	A smaller-bodied and paler-furred relative of T. rex, which is endemic to high altitudes on Mt Kenya (Hollister, 1919).	Aberdare Mountains African Mole Rat
13000053	Tachyoryctes storeyi	Thomas 1909	SPECIES			storeyi		Tachyoryctes	Spalacidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.5 p.276			Recorded only from the type locality.		Thomas (1909b) remarked that T. storeyi "is readily distinguishable by its comparatively large size, long and well-defined brain-case, and long nasals." Only T. annectens exceeds T. storeyi in body size, and the relationships and stature between the two and other large-bodied taxa remain to be uncovered.	Storeys African Mole Rat
13000025	Spalax	Guldenstaedt 1770	GENUS					Spalax	Spalacidae	Rodentia	Nova Comm. Acad. Sci. Petropoli, ser. 14 vol.1 p.410	Spalax microphthalmus Guldenstaedt, 1770.	Anotis  Rafinesque, 1815; Aspalax Desmarest, 1804; Glis Erxleben, 1777 [not Brisson, 1762]; Macrospalax Méhely, 1909; Mesospalax Méheley, 1909 [not Nehring, 1897, a nomen nudum]; Microspalax Méhely, 1909 [not Nehring, 1898, a nomen nudum preoccupied by Megnin and Trouessart, 1885]; Myospalax Hermann, 1783 [not Laxmann, 1769, or Blyth, 1846]; Nannospalax Palmer, 1903; Ommatostergus Nordmann, 1840; Talpoides Lacepède, 1799; Ujhelyiana Strand, 1922.			<p>Vorontsov et al. (1977b) distinguished four species groups based upon biochemical data: the monotypic S. nehringi, S. leucodon, and S. microphthalmus groups, and the last containing S. graecus, S. polonicus, S. arenarius, and S. giganteus. The species discriminated biochemically are the same as those defined by Ognev (1963a) and Topachevskii (1969) using morphological traits and by Lyapunova et al. (1974) using chromosomal evidence. To these seven was added S. ehrenbergi. Although Savi&#269; and Nevo (1990:133) acknowledged eight extant species, they concluded that the systematics is unrealistic because "it is based primarily on classical morphology, ignoring the central phenomenon of Spalacid evolution, i.e., chromosomal speciation which suggests that more than 30 living karyotypes, or species have been described and the end is not yet in sight." Based upon ... [truncated]	
13000026	Spalax arenarius	Reshetnik 1939	SPECIES			arenarius		Spalax	Spalacidae	Rodentia	Reports Zool. Mus. Kiev vol.23 p.11			Small range in S Ukraine (see Vorontsov et al., 1977b, and Gromov and Erbajeva, 1995).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Listed as a subspecies of S. microphthalmus by Corbet (1978c) and included in S. giganteus by Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987), but elevated to species by Topachevskii (1969) and recognized as such by Lyapunova et al. (1974), Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1998), and Pavlinov et al. (1995a). Topachevskii (1969) viewed the restricted geographic range of S. arenarius as relictual. Chromosomal traits (2n = 62, FN = 124) documented by Lyapunova et al. (1974). Reviewed by Gromov and Erbajeva (1995).	Sandy Blind Mole Rat
13000027	Spalax carmeli	Nevo, Ivanitskaya, and Beiles 2001	SPECIES			carmeli		Spalax	Spalacidae	Rodentia	Adaptive Radiation of Blind Subterranean Mole Rats p.23			Recorded from Kabri, Zippori, Mt Carmel, and Afiq in N Israel south of ranges of S. galili and S. golani (see Nevo et al., 2001:19).		Member of the S. ehrenbergi superspecies in Israel with 2n = 58 (Nevo et al., 2001). See account of S. ehrenbergi.	Mt Carmel Blind Mole Rat
13000028	Spalax ehrenbergi	Nehring 1897 "1898"	SPECIES			ehrenbergi		Spalax	Spalacidae	Rodentia	Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin vol.(for December, 1897)178 p.pl. 2		aegyptiacus  Nehring, 1898; berytensis Miller, 1903; fritschi Nehring, 1902; intermedius Nehring, 1898; kirgisorum Nehring, 1898; nevoi Co&#351;kun, 1996; tuncelicus Co&#351;kun, 1996.	Middle East: SE Turkey (Krytufek and Vohralík, 2001), N Iraq (Hatt, 1959), Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, and Jaffa, Israel. North Africa: Mediterranean coastal region from west of Nile Delta in N Egypt to N Libyan Cyrenaica (Lay and Nadler, 1972; Osborn and Helmy, 1980; Ranck, 1968).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Nannospalax ehrenbergi.	<p>A cluster of allopatric or parapatric species, each primarily diagnosed by unique chromosomal traits but lacking strong attendant morphological or other distinguishing features, expresses the current perception of S. ehrenbergi, and the reason it is referred to as the S. ehrenbergi superspecies (see reviews by Nevo, 1991; Nevo et al., 2001; Savi&#269; and Nevo, 1990). For more than 30 years, Israeli populations of this "superspecies" have been the subjects of intensive research concerning evolutionary theory and the processes of speciation and adaptive radiation (Nevo, 1991; Nevo et al., 2001). These studies have resulted in the exclusion of ehrenbergi (as historically recognized) from Israel and its replacement by four newly described species (see accounts of S. carmeli, S. galili, S. golani, and S. judaei) that Nevo et al. (2001:20) defined as "genetically cohesive, interbreeding reproductiv... [truncated]	Middle East Blind Mole Rat
13000593	Anotomys leander	Thomas 1906	SPECIES			leander		Anotomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.17 p.87			N Ecuador at high elevations.	IUCN  Endangered.	Diploid number (2n = 92) reported by Gardner (1971); taxonomy and distribution reviewed by Voss (1988).	Ecuadoran Ichthyomyine
13000042	Tachyoryctes annectens	Thomas 1891	SPECIES			annectens		Tachyoryctes	Spalacidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.7 p.304			Known only from vicinity of type locality.	IUCN  Endangered.	Hollister (1919) noted the distinctively large size of the holotype and commented that none of the large series (at USNM) from S and SW of Lake Naivasha, identified as the small-bodied T. naivashae, approached it. Apparently the type locality has never been fixed ("either Masai-land or inland British East Africa" were given in the original description), but assumed to be in the vicinity of Mianzini because other field specimens of mammals accompanying the holotype of annectens were labeled with this locality. Hollister mentioned that the only other Tachyoryctes of so large a body size is the Mt Kenyan endemic T. rex. Locating the geographic source of the holotype of T. annectens and ascertaining its relationship to T. rex warrant further inquiry.	Mianzini African Mole Rat
13400388	Spalacopus cyanus subsp. poeppigii	Wagler 1832	SUBSPECIES		poeppigii	cyanus		Spalacopus	Octodontidae	Rodentia							
13000030	Spalax giganteus	Nehring 1898	SPECIES			giganteus		Spalax	Spalacidae	Rodentia	Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin p.169			Steppes north of the Caucuses and west of the Caspian Sea (Puzachenko, 1993). Distribution summarized by other researchers includes the Kazakhstan S. uralensis (Gromov and Erbajeva, 1995; Topachevskii, 1969; Vorontsov et al., 1977b).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Once included in S. microphthalmus (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951), but revised by Topachevskii (1969) as a separate species and listed as such by Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987, 1998) and Pavlinov et al. (1995a). Geographic range is parapatric with that of S. microphthalmus (Corbet, 1978c). The taxon uralensis has usually been included in S. giganteus (e. g., Gromov and Erbajeva, 1995; Topachevskii, 1969; Vorontsov et al., 1977b), but analyses of cranial dimensions and proportions indicated significant differences between populations from west of the Caspian Sea (giganteus) and the isolated segment in Kazakhstan (uralensis) and prompted the recognition of uralensis as a species (Puzachenko, 1993), an arrangement anticipated by Topachevskii (1969) and accepted by Pavlinov et al. (1995a) and Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1998). Chromosomal traits (2n = 64, FN = 124) documented by Lyapunova et a... [truncated]	Giant Blind Mole Rat
13400189	Galea	Meyen 1832	GENUS					Galea	Caviidae	Rodentia	Nouv. Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. vol.16 p.597	Galea musteloides Meyen, 1832.				Reviewed by Hückinghaus (1961) and Cabrera (1961).	
13000032	Spalax graecus	Nehring 1898	SPECIES			graecus		Spalax	Spalacidae	Rodentia	Zool. Anz. vol.21 p.228		antiquus  Méhely, 1909; istricus Méhely, 1909; mezöségiensis Szunyoghy, 1937.	Romania (Suceava, Craiova, Transylvania, and lower Danube Valley) and SW Ukraine, a European endemic (Gromov and Erbajeva, 1995; Mitchell-Jones et al., 1999; Savi&#269;, 1982d; Topachevskii, 1969).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Included in S. microphthalmus by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) and Corbet (1978c), but arranged as a distinctive species by Topachevskii (1969) and so listed by Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987, 1998) and Pavlinov et al. (1995a). Savi&#269; (1982d) reviewed in detail the European segment; Gromov and Erbajeva (1995) discussed the portion the Ukraine. Topachevskii (1969) recognized istricus, apparently restricted to Romania, as a subspecies, and Murariu and Torcea (1984) separated it as a species based on cranial traits. Their sample, however, was small, and traits believed to discriminate istricus from S. graecus should be reassessed using larger samples from both Romania and the Ukraine. Chromosomal traits (2n = 62, FN = 124) illuminated by Lyapunova et al. (1974).	Balkan Blind Mole Rat
13000033	Spalax judaei	Nevo, Ivanitskaya, and Beiles 2001	SPECIES			judaei		Spalax	Spalacidae	Rodentia	Adaptive Radiation of Blind Subterranean Mole Rats p.23			Recorded from Anza, Jerusalem, Lahav, Sede Boqer, Wadi Fara, Jiftlik, Dimona, and Ramat Hovav in Judean highlands of C Israel (see Nevo et al., 2001:19).		Member of S. ehrenbergi superspecies in Israel, 2n = 60 (Nevo et al., 2001). See account of S. ehrenbergi.	Judean Mountains Blind Mole Rat
13000034	Spalax leucodon	Nordmann 1840	SPECIES			leucodon		Spalax	Spalacidae	Rodentia	Demidoff Voy. vol.3 p.34		bulgaricus (Savi&#269; and Soldatovi&#269;, 1984) [see Krytufek, 1997]; dolbrogeae Miller, 1903; ehiki Petrov, 1991 [nomen nudum]; epiroticus (Savi&#269;, 1982); hellenicus Méhely, 1909; hercegovinensis Méhely, 1909; hungaricus Nehring, 1898; ilici Petrov, 1992 [nomen nudum]; insularis Thomas, 1917; intermedius Petrov, 1992 [nomen nudum]; makedonicus Soldatovi&#269;, 1977; martinoi Petrov, 1971; montanoserbicus Soldatovi&#269;, 1977; montanosyrmiensis Soldatovi&#269;, 1977; monticola Nehring, 1898; ovchepolensis Soldatovi&#269;, 1977; peloponnesiacus Ondrias, 1966; petrovi Petrov, 1992 [nomen nudum]; rhodopiensis (Savi&#269; and Soldastovi&#269;, 1984) [see Krytufek, 1997]; serbicus Méhely, 1909; sofiensis (Savi&#269; and Soldatovi&#269;, 1984) [see Krytufek, 1997]; srebarnensis (Savi&#269; and Soldatovi&#269;, 1984) [see Krytufek, 1997]; strumiciensis Soldatovi&#269;, 1977; syrmiensis Méhely, 1909; thermaicus Hinton, 1920; thessalicus Ondrias, 1966; thracius (Savi&#269;, 1982); tranensis (Savi&#269; and Soldatovi&#269;, 1984) [see Krytufek, 1997]; transsylvanicus Méhely, 1909; turcicus Méhely, 1913.	From E and S Hungary through Balkan region (see Petrov, 1992), Greece (including Samothraki Isl off coast of SE Thracian Greece; Vohralík and Sofianidou, 1992a), Romania, and Bulgaria to NW Turkey (Thrace and possibly Marmara; see Krytufek and Vohralík, 2001), to SW Ukraine just east of Dnestr River in Odessa region (see Gromov and Erbajeva, 1995; Mitchell-Jones et al., 1999; Savi&#269;, 1982b; Vorontsov, 1977b).	IUCN  Vulnerable as Nannospalax leucodon.	<p>Morphologically characterized by Topachevskii (1969) and now viewed as another superspecies based on chromosomal studies (Giagia et al., 1982; Ivanitskaya et al., 1997; Peshev, 1983; Savi&#269;, 1982b; Savi&#269; and Nevo, 1990; Savi&#269; and Soldatovi&#269;, 1977, 1979). More than 20 chromosomal forms have been uncovered (2n ranging from 38 to 62, FN between 74 and 96 (summarized in Mitchell-Jones et al., 1999, and Nevo et al., 2001). Savi&#269; (1982b) delineated six clusters that he interpreted as chromosomal species: leucodon group (with hungaricus, montanosyrmiensis, monticola, and transsylvanicus), makedonicus group, strumiciensis group (with ovchepolensis and serbicus), epiroticus (with hellenicus), turcicus group (with thracius), and montanoserbicus group (with hercegovinensis and syrmiensis). Morphological and biometric analyses by Kivanç (see refer... [truncated]	Lesser Blind Mole Rat
13000035	Spalax microphthalmus	Guldenstaedt 1770	SPECIES			microphthalmus		Spalax	Spalacidae	Rodentia	Nova Comm. Acad. Sci. Petropoli vol.14 p.1		pallasii  Nordmann, 1839 [see Pavlinov et al., 1995a for status]; typhlus (Pallus, 1779).	Steppes in Ukraine and S Russia between Dnieper and Volga Rivers, north to Orel-Kursk line, and south to Ciscaucasia (see Topachevskii, 1969; Vorontsov et al., 1977b; clearly mapped by Gromov and Erbajeva, 1995).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Monographed by Topachevskii (1969) and maintained as a species by Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987, 1998) and Pavlinov et al. (1995a). Zagorodnyuk (1992b) endorsed the synonymy. Chromosomal features (2n = 60, FN = 115-120) recorded by Lyapunova et al. (1974) and summarized by Nevo et al. (2001). Reviewed by Gromov and Erbajeva (1995). Although not currently recorded from Romania, it has been identified at Pleistocene localities in that country (Kowalski, 2001).	Greater Blind Mole Rat
13000099	Megadendromus nikolausi	Dieterlen and Rupp 1978	SPECIES			nikolausi		Megadendromus	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Z. Säugetierk. vol.43 p.131			Bale Mtns and Mt Chilalo in Ethiopia in ericaceous scrub moorland, 3000-3800 m.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Known by less than ten specimens (Demeter and Topal, 1982; Dieterlen and Rupp, 1978; Denys et al., 1995; MCZ 57324). Morphology and ecology covered in detail by Dieterlen and Rupp (1978); Demeter and Topal (1982) provided additional habitat information. Reviewed as another Ethiopian endemic by Yalden and Largen (1992) and Yalden et al. (1996).	Nikolauss African Climbing Mouse
13000036	Spalax nehringi	Satunin 1898	SPECIES			nehringi		Spalax	Spalacidae	Rodentia	Zool. Anz. vol.21 p.314		anatolicus  Méhely, 1909; armeniacus Méhely, 1909; captorum Hinton, 1920; cilicicus Méhely, 1909; corybantium Hinton, 1920; labaumei Matschie, 1919; xanthodon Nordmann, 1840.	Most of Turkey (except Thrace and SE region; also on isls of Gökçeada and Bozcaada; see Krytufek and Vohralík, 2001), Armenia, and Georgia (see Gromov and Erbajeva, 1995; Topachevskii, 1969; Vorontsov et al., 1977b).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Nannospalax nehringi.	Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) and Corbet (1978c) listed nehringi as a synonym of S. leucodon, but Topachevskii (1969) treated it as a distinct species (under subgenus Mesospalax, genus Microspalax), a revision followed by Corbet (1984) and other researchers (Krytufek and Vohralík, 2001; Musser and Carleton, 1993; Pavlinov et al., 1995a; Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987, 1998). Topachevskii (1969) included turcicus in the synonymy, but Savi&#269; (1982b) placed it in S. leucodon. Analyses of morphometric, chromosomal, and genetic character sets intimate that S. nehringi and its synonyms are geographic variants of S. leucodon (Butler et al., 1993; Nevo et al., 1994a, b, 1995, 2001; Savi&#269; and Nevo, 1990; Sözen et al., 1999; Suzuki et al., 1996a). Russian portion reviewed by Gromov and Erbajeva (1995). See account of S. leucodon.	Nehrings Blind Mole Rat
13000037	Spalax uralensis	Tiflov and Usov 1939	SPECIES			uralensis		Spalax	Spalacidae	Rodentia	Vestn. Microbiol. Epidemiol. And Parasitol. vol.17 p.141			Steppes in W Kazakhstan between the Ural and Emba Rivers (Puzachenko, 1993).		An allopatric, morphologically close relative of S. giganteus, in which it was once synonymized (Gromov and Erbajeva, 1995; Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987; Topachevskii, 1969; Vorontsov et al., 1977b) until shown to be a separate entity by Puzachenkos (1993) morphometric analyses. Distribution as summarized by other researchers includes S. giganteus from steppes west of the Caspian Sea (Gromov and Erbajeva, 1995; Topachevskii, 1969; Vorontsov et al., 1977b).	Kazakhstan Blind Mole Rat
13000038	Spalax zemni	Erxleben 1777	SPECIES			zemni		Spalax	Spalacidae	Rodentia	Syst. Regni Anim. vol.1 p.370-371		diluvii Nordmann, 1858; podolicus Trouessart, 1897; polonicus Méhely, 1909.	SE Poland east into Ukraine between Dnestr and Dnepr Rivers and south to margin of Black Sea (see Savi&#269;, 1982c; Topachevskii, 1969; Vorontsov et al., 1977b).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Included in S. microphthalmus by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) and Corbet (1978c), but monographed as a distinct species (as S. polonicus) by Topachevskii (1969) and subsequently listed or reviewed as such (Corbet, 1984; Gromov and Erbajeva, 1995; Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987, 1998; Pavlinov et al., 1995a; Savi&#269;, 1982c). This species is often referenced as S. polonicus because Topachevskii (1969) characterized zemni as a nomen nudem, but the name is properly available (Ellerman, 1949b) and is the earliest that can be applied (Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987; Zagorodnyuk, 1992b). The synonyms are documented by Zagorodnyuk (1992b). Chromosomal traits (2n = 62, FN = 124) summarized in Nevo et al. (2001, as S. podolicus).	Podolsk Blind Mole Rat
13000039	Tachyoryctinae	Miller and Gidley 1918	SUBFAMILY						Spalacidae	Rodentia	J. Wash. Acad. Sci. vol.8 p.437		Tachyoryctinae Miller and Gidley, 1918 (Tachyoryctini McKenna and Bell, 1997).			Included in Rhizomyinae (Carleton and Musser, 1984; Musser and Carleton, 1993), recognized as a subfamily of Rhizomyidae (Chaline et al., 1977; Miller and Gidley, 1918; Flynn, 1990, and references therein), or as a subfamily of Muridae (Ellerman, 1941). See also discussion under Rhizomyinae.	
13000040	Tachyoryctes	Rüppell 1835	GENUS					Tachyoryctes	Spalacidae	Rodentia	Neue wirbelth. Fauna Abyssin. Gehörig., Säugeth. vol.1 p.35, footnote	Bathyergus splendens Rüppell, 1835.	Chrysomys Gray, 1843.			<p>Hollister (1919:40) listed eight species of Tachyorytces, noted that "all have constant characters of differentiation, and intergradation between any two of them is not indicated by this material," but speculated that the "numerous forms will doubtlessly be connected by complete chains of intergrades and the final monographer of the genus will be obliged to reduce many of the named forms to the rank of subspecies." G. M. Allen (1939) and Ellerman (1941) listed 14 species, but these were reduced to T. macrocephalus and T. splendens by Misonne (1974), an arrangement followed by Corbet and Hill (1991). Of the twenty forms described, Rahm (1980) considered about 16 of them to be valid subspecies of T. splendens.</p><p>The abrupt reduction from 14 to 2 species was not based on reevaluation of morphological differences that characterize the named forms. Aside from Bekeles (1986) inconclusive univariate analyses of craniometric data from sa... [truncated]	
13000041	Tachyoryctes ankoliae	Thomas 1909	SPECIES			ankoliae		Tachyoryctes	Spalacidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.4 p.545			SW Uganda (Hollister, 1919; Lunde and Sarmiento, 2002) NW Tanzania (Swynnerton and Hayman, 1951); limits unknown.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Recorded as a species by Swynnerton and Hayman (1951) but as a subspecies of T. splendens by Delany (1975), who nevertheless noted the cranial traits by which ankoliae could be distinguished from the adjacent ruddi, which was also treated as a subspecies of T. splendens by Delany. Both T. ankoliae and T. ruddi were caught in the Kalinzu forest preserve in SW Uganda (Lunde and Sarmiento, 2002) and the two species apparently occur in NW Tanzania (see account of T. ruddi).	Ankole African Mole Rat
13000100	Prionomys	Dollman 1910	GENUS					Prionomys	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.6 p.226	Prionomys batesi Dollman, 1910.				Dollmans (1910) generic description is excellent and highlights its many unique traits among dendromurines. The interorbital and postorbital conformation, shape and size of incisive foramina, and molar patterns are similar to Dendroprionomys. A cladistic analysis based primarily on dental traits excludes Prionomys and Dendroprionomys from dendromurines (Denys et al., 1995), but this hypothesis should be tested with other data.	
13500118	Lepus americanus subsp. virginianus	Harlan 1825	SUBSPECIES		virginianus	americanus	Poecilolagus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13000044	Tachyoryctes daemon	Thomas 1909	SPECIES			daemon		Tachyoryctes	Spalacidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.4 p.545			N Tanzania in foothills of Mt Kilimanjaro, the Arushu area, upper limits of forest at 4000 m on Mt Meru, and in the west at Banagi in Mara Prov near Lake Victoria; limits of distribution unresolved.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Thomas (1909b) remarked that daemon was "markedly smaller than in T. ibeanus" and could be distinguished from T. ankoliae by its linear sagittal crest and from T. ruddi by its "more abruptly and widely expanded zygomata." Genetic relationships between the small-bodied T. daemon, T. naivashae (north of Kenya-Tanzania border), and T. ruddi (SW Kenya, Mt Elgon, SW Uganda, and NW Tanzania) need to be evaluated to determine whether a single species is represented. Distribution and ecology of T. daemon on Mt Kilimanjaro reviewed by Grimshaw et al. (1995). Distributional records are from Hollister (1919) and Swynnerton and Hayman (1951), who also listed daemon as a species. The latter authors recorded the species from NW Tanzania but those occurrences likely represent T. ruddi (see that account).	Demon African Mole Rat
13000673	Ichthyomys tweedii	Anthony 1921	SPECIES			tweedii		Ichthyomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.20 p.1		caurinus  Thomas, 1924.	W Ecuador and C Panamá.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Taxonomy and distribution reviewed by Voss (1988), who placed caurinus in full synonymy.	Tweedys Ichthyomyine
13000046	Tachyoryctes macrocephalus	Rüppell 1842	SPECIES			macrocephalus		Tachyoryctes	Spalacidae	Rodentia	Mus. Senckenberg. vol.3 p.97		hecki  Neumann and Rümmler, 1928.	Ethiopia; endemic to high southern plateau, 3000-4150 m (Rupp, 1980; Yalden and Largen, 1992; Yalden et al., 1996).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Inhabitant of Afro-alpine moorland and grassland, which the species shares with the other Ethiopian endemics Stenocephalemys albocaudata, Lophuromys melanonyx, and Arvicanthis blicki (Yalden, 1988). The congenor T. splendens ranges from below 1000 m to about 3000 m, where it apparently overlaps the lower altitudinal distribution of T. macrocephalus (Rupp, 1980; Yalden et al., 1976). Yalden (1975) provided ecological observations for T. macrocephalus and morphologically contrasted it with T. splendens. Habitat selection and daily activity patterns in relation to the endangered Ethiopian wolf (Canis simensis) recorded by Sillero-Zubiri et al. (1995b). See Yalden (1985, Mammalian Species, 237).	Ethiopian African Mole Rat
13000047	Tachyoryctes naivashae	Thomas 1909	SPECIES			naivashae		Tachyoryctes	Spalacidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.4 p.547			Kenya; recorded from plains S and SW of Lake Naivasha to near the Tanzanian border (Hollister, 1919); may also occur in N Tanzania.	IUCN  Endangered.	Considered by Thomas (1909b:547) to be the smallest in body size of the East African Tachyoryctes and occurring "quite close" to the two largest (T. annectens and T. storeyi). "Its small size and flattened skull will readily separate it from any other form" (Thomas, 1909b). See Hollister (1919) for notes on habitat and collection localities.	Navivasha African Mole Rat
13000048	Tachyoryctes rex	Heller 1910	SPECIES			rex		Tachyoryctes	Spalacidae	Rodentia	Smithson. Misc. Coll. vol.56 p.4			Kenya, western slopes of Mt Kenya, 2600-3350 m (Hollister, 1919).		A large bodied and distinctive species that Hollister (1919) believed to be related to T. audax, an endemic of the Aberdare Range to the west of Mt Kenya. Hollister provided notes on habitat, habits, and coloration, and described changes in molar morphology associated with age.	King African Mole Rat
13000049	Tachyoryctes ruandae	Lönnberg and Gyldenstolpe 1925	SPECIES			ruandae		Tachyoryctes	Spalacidae	Rodentia	Ark. Zool. vol.17B no. 5 p.6			E Dem. Rep. Congo (Kivu), Rwanda, and Burundi.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	See Elbl et al. (1966) and Rahm (1967) for distributional and ecological information. Stomach morphology described by Rahm (1976, as splendens) and chromosomal data (2n = 48, FN = 54) reported by Matthey (1967a).	Rwanda African Mole Rat
13000101	Prionomys batesi	Dollman 1910	SPECIES			batesi		Prionomys	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.6 p.228			W (55 km NE Obala, AMNH 241344) and S Cameroon, and S Central African Republic; limits unknown.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	F. Petter (1964, 1966b) discussed P. batesi from Central African Republic, and contrasted its morphology with that of Dendroprionomys.	Dollmans African Tree Mouse
13800296	Pteropus hypomelanus subsp. canus	K. Andersen 1908	SUBSPECIES		canus	hypomelanus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						subnigerspecies group.	
13000050	Tachyoryctes ruddi	Thomas 1909	SPECIES			ruddi		Tachyoryctes	Spalacidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.4 p.547		badius  Thomas, 1909.	SW Kenya between foothills of Mt Elgon and Port Florence on NE margin of Lake Victoria (Hollister, 1919), Ugandan and Kenyan slopes of Mt Elgon, SW Uganda (Lunde and Sarmiento, 2002), and NW Tanzania (N Kagera Prov.).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Thomas (1909b) described T. ruddi as being about the same body size as T. daemon but differing in a suite of cranial traits; he also described badius as a subspecies of T. ruddi. This species and T. ankoliae have been taken together in the Kalinzu Forest Reserve, SW Uganda (Lunde and Sarmiento, 2002). Localities in NW Tanzania represent T. daemon according to Swynnerton and Hayman (1951), but we suspect that they represent T. ruddi. Tachyoryctes ankoliae has been reported from the same region in NE Tanzania (Bukoba; Swynnerton and Hayman, 1951). Ranges of the small-bodied T. ruddi, T. naivashae, and T. daemon are allopatric in mountains and high plains encircling Lake Victoria; specimens from intervening regions between the ranges and critical systematic revision should reveal the actual genetic relationships among these populations. ... [truncated]	Rudds African Mole Rat
13400512	Proechimys semispinosus subsp. panamensis	Thomas 1900	SUBSPECIES		panamensis	semispinosus		Proechimys	Echimyidae	Rodentia							
13000051	Tachyoryctes spalacinus	Thomas 1909	SPECIES			spalacinus		Tachyoryctes	Spalacidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.4 p.547			Kenya, plains and lower slopes of Mt Kenya (Hollister, 1919).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Body size about like T. ruddi, according to Thomas (1909b), but "Readily recognizable by its sloping occipital plane." This species occurs at the base of Mt Kenya and adjacent plains but is replaced at altitudes above 2600 m by the much larger-bodied T. rex (Hollister, 1919). Morphological, distributional, and genetic relationships between T. spalacinus and T. ibeanus, which occurs to the south along the western margin of the Athi Plains, need to be evaluated.	Embi African Mole Rat
13000052	Tachyoryctes splendens	Rüppell 1835	SPECIES			splendens		Tachyoryctes	Spalacidae	Rodentia	Neue wirbelt. Fauna Abyssin. Gehörig., Säugeth. vol.1 p.36		canicaudus  Osgood, 1936; cheesmani Thomas, 1928; gallarum Osgood, 1936; omensis Neumann and Rümmler, 1928; pontifex Neumann and Rümmler, 1928; somalicus Osgood, 1910.	Ethiopia (500-3900 m; Rupp, 1980), Somalia, and NW Kenya; limits unresolved.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Yalden et al. (1976:57) claimed that the synonyms listed here clearly apply to one species, but conceded that "The possibility of distinct races associated with different mountain blocks, or of a cline in size with altitude, remains to be properly examined." Osgood (1936) noted that two species, splendens and cheesemani, could be recognized among the Ethiopian samples he examined, and Bekele could distinguish samples of the two by morphometric traits but found that gallarum was intermediate. Early records indicated that T. splendens reached 3900 m in the Bale Mtns (Yalden et al., 1976), but Yalden et al. (1995) observed that "neither the live animal nor its burrows have ever been observed above 3200" and that predators may have carried the specimens (mainly extracted from owl pellets) from lower elevations. Chromosomal characteristics of an Ethiopian sample (2n = 48, FN = 62) documented and contrasted with other rhizomyine samples by Baskevich et al. ... [truncated]	Northeast African Mole Rat
13001402	Lamottemys okuensis	F. Petter 1986	SPECIES			okuensis		Lamottemys	Muridae	Rodentia	Cimbebasia, Ser. A vol.8 p.98			Known only by a few specimens from Mt Oku (Dieterlen and Van der Straeten, 1988; F. Petter, 1986).	IUCN  Endangered.	Palatal ridges described and contrasted with Oenomys hypoxanthus by Fülling (1992).	Mount Oku Lamottemys
13000054	Calomyscidae	Vorontsov and Potapova 1979	FAMILY						Calomyscidae	Rodentia	Zool. Zh. vol.58 p.1393		Calomyscini Vorontsov and Potapova, 1979 (Calomyscinae Musser and Carleton, 1993).			<p>Earlier associated either with Palearctic hamsters in Cricetinae (e.g., Corbet, 1978c; Corbet and Hill, 1991; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951) or with the New World neotomine Peromyscus (Ellerman, 1941, 1961). Nomenclatural association with Palaearctic hamsters seemed to reflect more the uncertainty and indecision concerning its relationships rather than conviction of its membership in Palearctic Cricetinae (Carleton and Musser, 1984; Corbet, 1978c). On the other hand, Ellerman (1941) did not question the close phyletic grouping of Calomyscus and Peromyscus, and Osgood (1947:166) even viewed it as being "so similar to the American Peromyscus that it probably signifies a late Pleistocene invasion from North America." An alliance with New World species was echoed by Pavlinov (1980c), who retained Calomyscus with neotomines because of close similarities between it and Reithrodontomys in morphology of the auditory ossicles... [truncated]	
13000055	Calomyscus	Thomas 1905	GENUS					Calomyscus	Calomyscidae	Rodentia	Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1905 24 p.23	Calomyscus bailwardi Thomas, 1905.				<p>Although several taxa were originally described as species, Calomyscus was long considered monotypic (Ellerman, 1941, 1961; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; Peshev, 1991). Character variation in the genus was concisely summarized by Corbet (1978c:89): "There is considerable variation in colour, size and proportions but this seems to form a mosaic pattern and it seems unlikely that any major, discrete regional groups can be recognized." However, Vorontsov et al. (1979) comprehensively revised the genus and treated most former subspecies of C. bailwardi as separate species. The morphological and geographic integrity of some has been subsequently tested with additional chromosomal data (Graphodatsky et al., 2000; Malikov et al., 1999; Meyer and Malikov, 1995, 2000), mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences (Morshed and Patton, 2002), comparative postnatal growth and development (Meyer and Malikov, 1996), and multivariate analyses of cranial and dental m... [truncated]	
13000128	Eliurus penicillatus	Thomas 1908	SPECIES			penicillatus		Eliurus	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.2 p.453			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Morphologically like E. majori except for possession of a white-tipped caudal tuft. Tentatively retained as a species by Carleton (1994); specific status maintained based on morphometric comparisons with E. majori and E. tanala by Carleton and Goodman (2000).	White-tipped Tufted-tailed Rat
13000056	Calomyscus bailwardi	Thomas 1905	SPECIES			bailwardi		Calomyscus	Calomyscidae	Rodentia	Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1905 24 p.23			Zagros Mtns of W Iran in the provinces of Kordistan, Ilam, W Esfahan, E Khuzistan, Luristan, Fars, and W Kerman (Vorontsov et al., 1979, and our study of specimens in AMNH, FMNH, and USNM); actual range has yet to be defined.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	True C. bailwardi has been recorded only from the Zagros Mtns in W Iran; the range as usually described in the literature (Corbet, 1978c) represents other species as well. It is medium in body size (C. urartensis, C. mystax, C. elburzensis, C. hotsoni, and C. tsolovi smaller-bodied; C. grandis larger-bodied) and may be most closely allied to the medium-sized C. baluchi; nature of the phylogenetic affinites between C. bailwardi and all other named forms has yet to be resolved by careful morphometric, chromosomal, and molecular analyses. Graphodatsky et al. (2000) reported a karyotypic variability for samples from the northern Zagros Mtns in Bahtaran Prov. (2n = 37, FN = 44), southern Zagros Mtns in Fars Prov. (2n = FN = 50), and mountains of southern Kerman Prov. (2n = 52, FN = 56), just east of the southern Zagros Mtns. They could not attach a species name to any sample. Whether one or all of the karyotypes represent... [truncated]	Zagros Mountains Calomyscus
13000057	Calomyscus baluchi	Thomas 1920	SPECIES			baluchi		Calomyscus	Calomyscidae	Rodentia	J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. vol.26 p.939		mustersi Ellerman, 1948.	W Pakistan west of the Indus River from N Balochistan (Kalat Dist.) in the south northward through Sibi, Quetta, Punjab, and Parachinar districts to Malakand Dist. in the northwest (Roberts, 1977; specimens in AMNH and USNM); and E and NC Afghanistan (specimens in FMNH).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Originally described as a species, later included in C. bailwardi (Corbet, 1978c; Ellerman, 1941, 1961; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951), but reinstated as a separate species by Vorontsov et al. (1979), an allocation followed by others (Musser and Carleton, 1993; Pavlinov et al., 1995a). Body and cranial dimensions are similar to C. bailwardi but the level of their genetic relationship has yet to be uncovered. Mitochrondrial DNA differences between C. baluchi and samples identified as C. bailwardi from SE Iran documented by Moshed and Patton (2002). See Vorontsov et al. (1979) for status of mustersi. Distribution based on Vorontsov et al. (1979) and identification of specimens in FMNH and USNM.	Pakistan Calomyscus
13000058	Calomyscus elburzensis	Goodwin 1938	SPECIES			elburzensis		Calomyscus	Calomyscidae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.1050 p.1		Included in C. mystax  by Vorontsov et al. (1979; see that account) but recognized as a separate species by Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1998). Samples from C and E Kopet-Dag Mtns in S Turkmenistan and NE Iran (2n = 44, FN = 58; Graphodatsky et al., 2000) were first reported as Calomyscus sp. (Meyer and Malikov, 1995) and then described as C. firiusaensis (Meyer and Malikov, 2000). Specimens from C and W Kopet-Dag Mtns and Little Balkhan Mtn (2n = 30, FN = 44; Graphodatsky et al., 2000) were reported as Calomyscus sp. (Meyer and Malikov, 1995) and subsequently described as zykovi, a subspecies of C. mystax (Meyer and Malikov, 2000). Although the two karyotypes are very different, natural hybrids were recorded in a contact zone in the central Kopet-Dag Mtns and viable hybrids were obtained in the laboratory (Graphodatsky et al., 2000). Multivariate analysis of cranial and dental measurements clustered the 2n = 44 karyotypes with samples from N Khorasan Prov. that presumably represent Goodwins elburzensis, and sorted the 2n = 30 samples into another group (Lebedev et al., 1998). Because there is natural hybridization between the two cytotypes, we treat all samples as representing a single species, for which elburzensis is the oldest name, as implied by Graphodatsky et al. (2000) and Lebedev et al. (1998) and suggested by Malikov (in litt.).	Mountains of N and NE Iran (from southern foothills of Elburz Mtns in Semnan Prov. near Semnan and adjacent Sang-i-sar eastward through N Khorasan Prov. in NE Iran to the Mashhad region), SW and S Turkmenistan (from Little Balkhan Mtn east through the Kopet Dag Mtns to east of the Tedzhen River), and NW Afghanistan (Herat Prov.). (Range based on identification of AMNH, FMNH, and USNM specimens and those used in the multivariate analysis by Lebedev et al., 1998:723).	firiusaensis Meyer and Malikov, 2000; zykovi Meyer and Malikov, 2000.		Goodwins Calomyscus
13000123	Eliurus ellermani	Carleton 1994	SPECIES			ellermani		Eliurus	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.3087 p.39			Known only from two widely separated localities in NE Madagascar.		Status uncertain; provisionally retained as distinct from the morphologically similar E. tanala (see Carleton and Goodman, 1998).	Ellermans Tufted-tailed Rat
13000059	Calomyscus grandis	Schlitter and Setzer 1973	SPECIES			grandis		Calomyscus	Calomyscidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.68 p.163		The largest, darkest, and longest-tailed species of Calomyscus . Originally described as a subspecies of C. bailwardi, as recognized by Corbet (1978c) and Musser and Carleton (1993), but listed as a separate species by Pavlinov et al. (1995a). Morphometric analysis by Lebedev et al. (1998) demonstrated the great phenetic distance of C. grandis from C. mystax and C. elburzensis (S Turkmenistan and NE Iran) and C. urartensis (S Caucusus). Schlitter and Setzer (1973) enumerated some of these distinctions and also the contrasts between grandis and C. bailwardi. The much smaller-bodied C. elburzensis has been collected in the southern foothills of the Elburz Mtns at Semnan, about 120 km east of the localities where grandis was obtained, an identification we made from specimen examination and independently confirmed by the multivariate analysis of Lebedev et al. (1998). Karyotype of a specimen from Tehran Prov., south of the distribution outlined above, was reported as 2n = 44, FN = 46, which is identical to the karyotype of C. mystax (Graphodatsky et al., 2000; Malikov et al. 1999). However, Graphodatsky et al. (2000:303) noted that this karyotypic identity "can be explained either as persistence of the ancestral karyotype in different areas of the range or as a consequence of homoplasy."	N Iran; documented only from S foothills and ridges (8500 ft) of Mt Demavend, C Elburz Mtns (specimens in USNM), at the crest of the C Elburz Mtns (Doab, specimens in FMNH) and on the N slopes in Mazandaran Prov. at Abass-Abad (36º44' N, 51º08' E; specimens in USNM) ; limits unresolved.			Noble Calomyscus
13000129	Eliurus petteri	Carleton 1994	SPECIES			petteri		Eliurus	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.3087 p.37			Restricted region in foothills, 450-530 m, EC Madagascar.		To date, the recent biological surveys have not uncovered a wider distribution of E. petteri in eastern forests.	Petters Tufted-tailed Rat
13801241	Macrotus waterhousii subsp. mexicanus	Saussure 1860	SUBSPECIES		mexicanus	waterhousii		Macrotus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13000060	Calomyscus hotsoni	Thomas 1920	SPECIES			hotsoni		Calomyscus	Calomyscidae	Rodentia	J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. vol.26 p.938			Recorded from vicinity of type locality and Baluchistan Prov. of SE Iran (specimens in USNM); range extent unresolved.	IUCN  Endangered.	A smaller-bodied Calomyscus (Vorontsov et al., 1979) that was described as a species but later arranged as a subspecies of C. bailwardi, including mystax as a synonym (Corbet, 1978c; Ellerman, 1941, 1961; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951). Based on size, C. hotsoni is allied with C. mystax and C. elburzensis of S Turkmenistan, NW Afghanistan, and NE Iraq, not with the larger-bodied C. baluchi that occurs to the north in W Pakistan. Affinities of C. hotsoni uncertain and karyotype undocumented.	Hotsons Calomyscus
13000095	Dendroprionomys rousseloti	F. Petter 1966	SPECIES			rousseloti		Dendroprionomys	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Mammalia vol.30 p.129			Republic of the Congo, recorded only from vicinity of Brazzaville.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	A species combining features of Dendromus with those of Prionomys that is still known only by a few specimens (F. Petter, 1966b).	Velvet African Climbing Mouse
13000061	Calomyscus mystax	Kashkarov 1925	SPECIES			mystax		Calomyscus	Calomyscidae	Rodentia	Trans. Turkestansk. Nauch. ob-va pri Sredniaziatsk. Univ. (Tashkent) vol.2 p.43			SW Turkmenistan: Ersarybaba (= Ersary Ridge) and Greater Balkan Mtns (Lebedev et al., 1998:723, collection localities 3 and 18).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Samples from Ersarybaba and the type locality have 2n = 44, FN = 46 (Graphodatsky et al., 2000; Malikov et al., 1999; Meyer and Malikov, 1995, 2000), which led Graphodatsky et al. (2000) to consider of C. mystax as endemic to the Great Balkan Mtns. This chromosomal and geographic distinction is concordant with results from multivariate discriminant analysis of cranial and dental measurements (Lebedev et al., 1998). Vorontsovs et al. (1979) broad distributional outline of C. mystax extended from the Greater Balkan Mtns eastward through the Lesser Balkan and Kopet Dag Mtns of S Turkmanistan and extreme NE Iran and westward through NE (Khorassan Prov.) and NC (Mazanderan Prov.) Iran, a range that includes C. elburzensis (which they treated as a synonym of C. mystax) and C. grandis (which was not included in their study). Meyer and Malikov (1995, 2000) and Pavlinov and Rossilimo (1998) also included the Lesser Balkans and Kopet Dag M... [truncated]	Great Balkhan Calomyscus
13000062	Calomyscus tsolovi	Peshev 1991	SPECIES			tsolovi		Calomyscus	Calomyscidae	Rodentia	Mammalia vol.55 p.112			SW Syria; limits unknown.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Described as a subspecies of C. bailwardi, but its small size and short tail clearly distinguish C. tsolovi from any other recognized species; such a possibility was even suggested by Peshev (1991:112). Phylogenetic affinities unstudied.	Syrian Calomyscus
13000063	Calomyscus urartensis	Vorontsov and Kartavseva 1979	SPECIES			urartensis		Calomyscus	Calomyscidae	Rodentia	Zool. Zh. vol.58 p.1218			Extreme S Transcaucasus (Azerbaijan), far NW Iran (NW Azarbaijan Prov., specimens in FMNH).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Calomyscus urartensis (2n = 32, FN = 42; Graphodatsky et al., 2000) is morphologically similar to C. mystax (2n = 44, FN = 46) and C. elburzensis (Vorontsov et al., 1979, and material in FMNH). Meyer and Malikov (1995) cited hybridization results in addition to chromosomal distinctions to support the status of C. urartensis and C. mystax as separate species. The morphological integrity of C. urartensis and our identification of the species in NW Iran are corroborated by multivariate analysis of cranial and dental measurements (Lebedev et al., 1998).	Urar Calomyscus
13000064	Nesomyidae	Major 1897	FAMILY						Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1897 p.718					<p>Although a Nesomyidae per se had been earlier recognized by Tullberg (1899), Weber (1904), and later Chaline et al. (1977), theirs was essentially a grouping of the indigenous Malagasy rodents as already identified by Major (1897; Chaline et al. also included the otomyines, a clade clearly allied with muridssee those accounts). Although differing in contents, the family composition observed here owes its conceptual roots to Lavocat (1973, 1978), who identified a number of small but morphologically well-defined groups as relicts of a middle Tertiary (late Oligocene-early Miocene?) cricetodontine presence in Africa and expanded the definition of Nesomyidae to embrace their diverse descendants (also see Carleton and Musser, 1984:344). The results of DNA hybridization and mitochondrial and nuclear gene-sequence studies, although not wholly concordant, have supplied some empirical basis for Lavocats view of Nesomyidae, associating Cricetomyinae, Dendromurinae, Mystromyinae, and Nesomyi... [truncated]	
13000085	Dendromus lovati	de Winton 1899 "1900"	SPECIES			lovati		Dendromus	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1899 p.986			Ethiopian Plateau, 2500-3550 m (Rupp, 1980).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	The type species of Chortomys, reviewed as an Ethiopian endemic by Yalden and Largen (1992) and Yalden et al. (1996). A grassland species differing from other Dendromus in its terrestrial habits (Yalden, 1988; Yalden et al., 1976); sample statistics of external measurements provided by Sillero-Zubiri et al. (1995a).	Lovats African Climbing Mouse
13000065	Cricetomyinae	Roberts 1951	SUBFAMILY						Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Mammals South Africa p.434		Cricetomyinae Roberts, 1951 (Cricetomyidae Chaline, Mein, and F. Petter, 1977); Saccostomurinae Roberts, 1951.			<p>Although initially classified within Murinae (e.g., Ellerman, 1941; Simpson, 1945; Thomas, 1896), systematists have acknowledged a closer affinity of African pouched rats to one another than to other murines, a distinction later formalized by Roberts (1951) diagnosis of Cricetomyinae. Most subsequent systematic arrangements have followed F. Petter (1966a) in allying cricetomyines with cricetids (Reig, 1980, 1981; Rosevear, 1969) based on his interpretation of molar cusp homologies. Lavocat (1973, 1978) first suggested phylogenetic association with other archaic African groups in a broadly defined Nesomyidae, an interpretation generally endorsed by Carleton and Musser (1984). Configuration of molar cusps (F. Petter, 1966a), anatomy of internal cheek pouches (Ryan, 1989b), and mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data (Jansa et al., 1999; Michaux et al., 2001b; Michaux and Catzeflis, 2000) support the monophyly of the subfamily, which forms an unresolved... [truncated]	
13700542	Sorex monticolus subsp. longicaudus	Merriam 1895	SUBSPECIES		longicaudus	monticolus	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700543	Sorex monticolus subsp. malitiosus	Jackson 1919	SUBSPECIES		malitiosus	monticolus	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13000140	Monticolomys koopmani	Carleton and Goodman 1996	SPECIES			koopmani		Monticolomys	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Fieldiana Zool., N.S. vol.85 p.235			Spottily distributed in sclerophyllous montane forest, 1625-2000 m, of the Central and Southern Highlands, E Madagascar.			Koopmans Montane Voalavo
13000119	Brachyuromys betsileoensis	Bartlett 1879 "1880"	SPECIES			betsileoensis		Brachyuromys	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1879 p.770			Central Highlands and its eastern fringes, ca. 900-2450 m, Madagascar.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Described as a species of Nesomys but referred to Brachyuromys by Major (1896). Occurs sympatrically with B. ramirohitra (Goodman and Rasolonandrasana, 2001).	Lesser Short-tailed Rat
13000066	Beamys	Thomas 1909	GENUS					Beamys	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.4 p.107	Beamys hindei Thomas, 1909.				Cricetomyini, new rank. Two species have been generally recognized as originally described (e.g., G. M. Allen, 1939; Ellerman, 1941; Ellerman et al., 1953; Hanney, 1965; Misonne, 1974), until Hubbard (1970), without presentation of data, suggested their synonymy, a classification adopted by some (e.g., Ansell, 1978; Ansell and Ansell, 1973; Corbet and Hill, 1991; Honacki et al., 1982) but not others (Musser and Carleton, 1993). Ansell and Ansell (1973), while following Hubbards opinion, did present limited measurements that demonstrate the uniformly larger size of major compared with hindei. The number of species, their morphological discrimination, and vouchered distribution deserve the attention of a full generic revision. Emphasis should be given to those Beamys populations that occur in the Eastern Arc Mtns, whether more closely related to major proper from uplands in NE Zambia and Malawi or to hindei from lower dry coastal forest in SE Kenya and... [truncated]	
13000067	Beamys hindei	Thomas 1909	SPECIES			hindei		Beamys	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.4 p.108			SE Kenya and E Tanzania (FitzGibbon et al., 1995:Fig. 1).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Karyotype reported (2n = 52), distribution amplified, and natural history discussed by FitzGibbon et al. (1995); univariate analyses with small sample sizes suggest clinal variation along coastal Tanzania, not the existence of two species, but the matter of synonymy was left as inconclusive.	Hindes Pouched Rat
13000068	Beamys major	Dollman 1914	SPECIES			major		Beamys	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.14 p.428			Evergreen forest, 700-2000 m, in NE Zambia (Ansell, 1978) and Malawi (Ansell and Dowsett, 1988); possibly in Zambezia Dist., Mozambique (Smithers and Tello, 1976).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Most information on biology and ecology contained in the report of Hanney and Morris (1962).	Greater Pouched Rat
13000069	Cricetomys	Waterhouse 1840	GENUS					Cricetomys	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1840 p.2	Cricetomys gambianus Waterhouse, 1840.				Cricetomyini. Six nominal species were recognized (e.g., Allen, 1939) before Ellerman (1941) summarily reduced all to subspecies of C. gambianus. Genest-Villards (1967) revision provided evidence of two kinds, a predominantly savanna-dwelling species (C. gambianus) and a lowland forest form (C. emini), an arrangement broadly compatible with Hintons (1919b) perception of harsh-furred and sleek-furred groups. Her character states and univariate ratios for discriminating two species are generally workable in West Africa but break down in eastern and southern Africa; based on series in MCZ and USNM, four kinds of Cricetomys can be morphologically sorted. For studies of the gastrointestinal tract interpreted in the context of taxonomic comparisons, trophic niche, and digestive function see Knight and Knight-Eloff (1987) and Perrin and Curtis (1980).	
13000070	Cricetomys ansorgei	Thomas 1904	SPECIES			ansorgei		Cricetomys	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.13 p.412		adventor  Thomas and Wroughton, 1907; cosensi Hinton, 1919; cunctator Thomas and Wroughton, 1908; elgonis Thomas, 1910; enguvi Heller, 1912; haagneri Roberts, 1926; kenyensis Osgood, 1910; luteus Dollman, 1911; microtis Lönnberg, 1917; osgoodi Heller, 1912; raineyi Heller, 1912; selindensis Roberts, 1946; vaughanjonesi St. Leger, 1937; viator Thomas, 1904.	Kenya and E and S Uganda, southwards exclusive of Congo forest block, to W and S Angola (Crawford-Cabral, 1998:Map 21), S Zambia, E Zimbabwe, and NE South Africa (Limpopo Province and NE KwaZulu-Natal); including Zanzibar.		Cranial proportions simililar to C. gambianus but size larger and skull robustly constructed (LM1-3 typically 11-12 mm versus 10-11 mm), dominant tones of dorsal pelage brown compared with grayish of C. gambianus; as equally differentiated in multivariate space from C. gambianus as from C. emini. Other morphological and ecological contrasts to C. gambianus enumerated (as C. g. ansorgei) by Genest-Villard (1967). Even as arranged, ansorgei is likely a species complex. Populations that occur on mountains in East Africa (elgonis, enguvi, kenyensis, microtis), each retained as well differentiated but localized subspecies of C. gambianus by Genest-Villard (1967), invite detailed investigation; certain populations may plausibly link with C. kivuensis from Western Rift Mtns. Also, cosensi, described as a species from Zanzibar, was con... [truncated]	Southern Giant Pouched Rat
13000084	Dendromus leucostomus	Monard 1933	SPECIES			leucostomus		Dendromus	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Bull. Soc. Nat. Neuchâtel, Sci. Nat. vol.57 p.55			Recorded only from the type locality, EC Angola.		Described as a species by Monard (1933, 1935) and known only by his specimens. The name has usually been included in D. melanotis, but Crawford-Cabral (1998) questioned that allocation because the animal has no dorsal stripe and is brighter than D. melanotis. Hill and Carter (1941) treated leucostomus as a separate species and summarized Monards description (upperparts without middoral stripe and less russet than D. mystacalis, ventral fur with gray bases and yellowish white tips) and measurements (body size similar to D. melanotis and D. mystacalis). We follow Hill and Carter until the taxonomic ambiguity associated with leucostomus is resolved.	Monards African Climbing Mouse
13700544	Sorex monticolus subsp. obscurus	Merriam 1891	SUBSPECIES		obscurus	monticolus	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700545	Sorex monticolus subsp. parvidens	Jackson 1921	SUBSPECIES		parvidens	monticolus	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700546	Sorex monticolus subsp. prevostensis	Osgood 1901	SUBSPECIES		prevostensis	monticolus	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13000513	Reithrodontomys rodriguezi	Goodwin 1943	SPECIES			rodriguezi	Aporodon	Reithrodontomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.1231 p.1			Patchily recorded in the Cordilleras Central and Talamancae, C Costa Rica (see McPherson, 1985; Timm et al., 1989).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Subgenus Aporodon, tenuirostris species group.	Rodriguezs Harvest Mouse
13000102	Steatomys	Peters 1846	GENUS					Steatomys	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Bericht Verhandl. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.11 p.258	Steatomys pratensis Peters, 1846.				At least 18 species were recognized (G. M. Allen, 1939; Ellerman, 1941) until Coetzee (1977a) provisionally acknowledged only three. Based upon study of relevant literature and museum specimens, we identify eight, but relationship between the three West African forms and the five outside that region has yet to be resolved and the widely distributed S. pratensis and S. parvus need systematic revision. Rosevear (1969) provided an excellent exposition of the West African species, and Swanepoel and Schlitter (1978) produced a more comprehensive revision of them. Still, their definitions are unsatisfactory and distributional limits unresolved; Coetzee (1977a), e.g., included some West African species recognized by Swanepoel and Schlitter (1978) in either S. pratensis or S. parvus. Fossil history extends to the Pliocene (Avery, 1998, 2000; Denys, 1987a) and late Miocene (Senut et al., 1992).	
13000071	Cricetomys emini	Wroughton 1910	SPECIES			emini		Cricetomys	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.5 p.269		dissimilis  Rochebrune, 1885 [nomen dubium as per Genest-Villard, 1967:421]; dolichops Osgood, 1910; liberiae Osgood, 1910; luteus Dollman, 1911; poensis Osgood, 1910; proparator Wroughton, 1910; sanctus Hinton, 1919; tephrus (Rochebrune, 1885) [nomen dubium?].	Lowland, closed-canopied forestin West Africa, from W Gambia (Grubb et al., 1998), S Guinea (Barnett et al., 1996), and Sierra Leone to S Nigeria; in Central Africa, from S Cameroon to SW Uganda, through Gabon, Republic of Congo, and much of Dem. Rep. Congo, to Cabinda, Angola (Crawford-Cabral, 1998).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	As noted by Genest-Villard (1967), pelage color and cranial morphology are fairly conservative across the range of C. emini proper. Genest-Villard declared that Rochebrunes dissimilis is a nomen dubium in defending Wroughtons emini as the oldest available name for populations in the Guinea and Congo forest blocks. In his description of C. ansorgei, however, Thomas (1904c:413) remarks intimate that he may have seen type or topotypic specimens: "The two forms of the group [dissimilis and tephrus], no doubt synonymous with each other, from Landana described by Rochebrune are both far smaller and have their bellies albocinereis." G. M. Allen (1939) followed Thomas in treating tephrus as full synonym of dissimilis, the latter as a subspecies of C. gambianus (as erroneously repeated by Musser and Carleton, 1993); Genest-Villard and Crawford-Cabral (1998) did not mention tephrus. Furt... [truncated]	Forest Giant Pouched Rat
13000072	Cricetomys gambianus	Waterhouse 1840	SPECIES			gambianus		Cricetomys	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1840 p.2		buchanani  Thomas and Hinton, 1921; dichrurus Osgood, 1910; gambiensis Temminck, 1853 [spelling lapsus]; goliath (Ruppell, 1842); grahami Hinton, 1919; langi Hatt, 1934; oliviae Dollman, 1911; servorum Hinton, 1919.	Subsaharan savanna belt (Sudan and Guinea) and forest edges, from Gambia and Senegal eastwards to NE Dem. Rep. Congo, S Sudan, and N Uganda.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	The range outlined here basically corresponds to Hintons (1919b) grouping of relatively small-bodied Cricetomys with gray, moderately long and hispid pelage. Morphological, behavioral, and ecological contrasts between C. gambianus proper and C. emini elucidated by Genest-Villard (1967) and Rosevear (1969).	Northern Giant Pouched Rat
13000073	Cricetomys kivuensis	Lönnberg 1917	SPECIES			kivuensis		Cricetomys	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Kungl. Svenska Vet-Akad. Handl., Stockholm vol.58 art. 2 p.75			Mountains of easternmost Dem. Rep. Congo (Kivu), S Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi; limits unknown.		Although Genest-Villard (1967) retained kivuensis as a subspecies of C. emini, she considered its differentiation as marginal. Compared with C. emini, examples of kivuensis are larger, their skulls fully as robust as the biggest C. ansorgei; dorsal color is fuscous gray (not the bright browns of emini) and the underparts are dull grayish-white, weakly demarcated from the dorsum (pure white and cleanly delineated in emini); and fur is long, its texture soft and luxurient (close-cropped and slightly hispid in emini). The union of such disparate morphologies under one species deserves unambiguous demonstration.	Kivu Giant Pouched Rat
13000074	Saccostomus	Peters 1846	GENUS					Saccostomus	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Bericht Verhandl. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss., Berlin vol.11 p.258	Saccostomus campestris Peters, 1846.	Eosaccomys  Palmer, 1903 [unjustified replacement name].			Saccostomurini, new rank. Ellerman (1941) thought that all nominal forms would prove to be races of the single species S. campestris, a speculation widely and uncritically observed in later classifications and faunal reports (e.g., Delany, 1975; Ellerman et al., 1953; Kingdon, 1974b; Misonne, 1974). Hubert (1978a), however, marshalled karyotypic and morphological evidence that differentiates an eastern African species (S. mearnsi) from a southern African one (S. campestris), as earlier intimated by G. M. Allen and Lawrence (1936) and later reinforced by Denys (1988) in her morphological study of Tanzanian populations. Relationship of the two living species to the middle Pliocene S. major evaluated by Denys (1987a, 1988), who placed their divergence some time after 3.7 million years ago. Geological range from middle Pliocene through the Pleistocene of Tanzania (Denys, 1988) and Plio-Pleistocene of Namibia (Senu... [truncated]	
13700550	Sorex nanus	Merriam 1895	SPECIES			nanus	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	N. Am. Fauna vol.10 p.81			Rocky Mountains from Montana to New Mexico; South Dakota; Arizona (USA).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Otisorex. Very similar to, and perhaps conspecific with tenellus, see review by Hoffmann and Owen (1980, Mammalian Species No. 131); but George (1988) retained both as distinct species.	Dwarf Shrew
13700551	Sorex neomexicanus	Bailey 1913	SPECIES			neomexicanus	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.26 p.133			USA, New Mexico, Capitan and Sacramento Mtns.		Subgenus Otisorex. S. vagrans complex (Demboski and Cook, 2001). Formerly included in S. monticolus but given species rank by Alexander (1996) based on morphometric differences.	New Mexico Shrew
13000075	Saccostomus campestris	Peters 1846	SPECIES			campestris		Saccostomus	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Bericht Verhandl. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss., Berlin vol.11 p.258		anderssoni  de Winton, 1898; angolae Roberts, 1938; elegans Thomas, 1897; fuscus Peters, 1852; hildae Schwann, 1906; lapidarius Peters, 1852; limpopoensis Roberts, 1914; mashonae de Winton, 1897; pagei Thomas and Hinton, 1923; streeteri Roberts, 1914.	Arid to mesic southern savannahs and grasslands: from SW Tanzania across to W Angola (see Crawford-Cabral, 1998: Map 20); south through most of Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana, and Namibia; to S Mozambique and S South Africa (Western and Eastern Cape provinces).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	A composite of two or more species as suggested by extraordinary chromosomal, morphological, and genetic variation (Corti et al., 2004; Denys, 1988; Gordon, 1986; Gordon and Rautenbach, 1980); the status of anderssoni and mashonae especially deserves attention in regard to campestris proper. Ellison (1993) demonstrated and discussed geographic variability in torpor response in the context of the species distribution and its karyotypic variants; Ellison et al. (1993) examined correlations between body size and climatic variables in southern Africa.	Southern African Pouched Mouse
13000076	Saccostomus mearnsi	Heller 1910	SPECIES			mearnsi		Saccostomus	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Smithson. Misc. Coll. vol.54 p.3		cricetulus  G. M. Allen and Lawrence, 1936; isiolae Heller, 1912; umbriventer Miller, 1910.	Extreme S Ethiopia and S Somalia, through E Uganda and Kenya, to NE Tanzania.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Perhaps also a species complex as suggested by newly reported karyotypic, cranial, and genetic variation (Corti et al., 2004; Fadda et al., 2001b).	East African Pouched Mouse
13400258	Dasyprocta punctata subsp. underwoodi	Goldman 1931	SUBSPECIES		underwoodi	punctata		Dasyprocta	Dasyproctidae	Rodentia							
13000077	Delanymyinae	new subfamily. 	SUBFAMILY						Nesomyidae	Rodentia			Delanomyinae McKenna and Bell, 1997 [nomen nudum , the cited publication (Denys et al., 1995) containing no family-group description].			<p>Type genusDelanymys Hayman, 1962. Definitionvery small-bodied (head and body less than 65 mm in adults, 5-7 grams), arboreal muroid with a thinly haired (caudal hairs less than two tail scales long), very long (twice as long as head and body), and semiprehensile tail (conformation of body and appendages similar to Sulawesian Haeromys; see Musser, 1990); four digits and rudimentary fifth on front foot (fifth very short, middle two long, second longer than fifth), five on hind foot (first short, middle three very long, and fifth two-thirds as long as middle digits and opposable), sharp and moderately curved claws on all digits; hind foot very long (relative to body size) and narrow, with four interdigital pads, thenar and hypothenar elongate and subequal in length; pelage short, dense and soft (not silky) with short guard hairs; four pairs of teats; cranium small and delicate with very short and narrow rostrum compared with the large, globular, and smooth (faint tempor... [truncated]	
13000078	Delanymys	Hayman 1962	GENUS					Delanymys	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. vol.65 p.2-Jan	Delanymys brooksi Hayman, 1962.					
13000079	Delanymys brooksi	Hayman 1962	SPECIES			brooksi		Delanymys	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. vol.65 p.2-Jan			Sedge swamps in bamboo and montane forest in SW Uganda, Dem. Rep. Congo (Kivu), Rwanda (Volcanos and Nyungwe forest), and Burundi (Kibira National Park; Peterhans Kerbis, in litt., 1992).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Available information on morphology, distribution, and ecology covered in Hayman (1962a, b, 1963a), W. Verheyen (1965b), Dieterlen (1969b), Delany (1975), and Van der Straeten and Verheyen (1983).	Delanys Swamp Mouse
13000080	Dendromurinae	G. M. Allen 1939	SUBFAMILY						Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harv. Coll. vol.83 p.349		Dendromurinae G. M. Allen, 1939 (Dendromuridae Chaline, Mein, and F. Petter, 1977); Dendromyinae Alston, 1876.			<p>Dendromurines had been earlier allied with murines (Miller and Gidley, 1918; Simpson, 1945) but later included with "cricetids" (Lavocat, 1959, 1964; Lindsay, 1988) or treated as a separate family (Chaline et al., 1977). Carleton and Musser (1984) attempted a diagnosis of the subfamily as then understood and cautioned that more research was required to determine whether dendromurines represent a natural group or polyphyletic assemblage of specialized relicts. Monophyly of Dendromurinae was also questioned by Rosevear (1969). Recent analyses of morphology (Denys et al., 1995), spermatozoa (Breed, 1995d), and DNA sequences (Michaux et al., 2001b; E. Verheyen et al., 1996b) have exposed the polyphyletic structure of Dendromurinae and uniformly sustained a distant phylogenetic affinity between murines and dendromurines. These data collectively support removal of Deomys and Leimacomys to different subfamilies of Muridae: the former phylogenetically asso... [truncated]	
13000081	Dendromus	Smith 1829	GENUS					Dendromus	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Zool. J. Lond. vol.4 p.438	Dendromus typus Smith, 1829 (= Mus mesomelas Brants, 1827).	Chortomys Thomas, 1916; Dendromys J. B. Fischer, 1830; Dendromys Smuts, 1832; Poemys Thomas, 1916.			<p>Rosevear (1969) thoroughly reviewed historical usages of generic names given in the synonymy. In his checklist of African mammals, G. M. Allen (1939) listed 29 species of Dendromus, soon after reduced to four by Bohmanns (1942) revision. Based on morphological traits and ecological associations, Dieterlen (1971) recognized five species within the central African region. We recognize twelve based on specimen examination from North American and European museums and on literature sources; most have clear morphological and geographic characteristics, a few are heterogeneous entities and require further taxonomic revision. Chromosomal information for several species were reported by Matthey (1967a, 1970). The species have been traditionally segregated into the subgenera Poemys (hallux with a nailD. melanotis, D. nyikae) and Dendromus (hallux bears a clawall other species) (see Ansell, 1974b, for utility of the hallucial trait and other ... [truncated]	
13700681	Galemys pyrenaicus subsp. pyrenaicus	E. Geoffroy St. Hilaire 1811	SUBSPECIES		pyrenaicus	pyrenaicus		Galemys	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.17 p.193						
13000082	Dendromus insignis	Thomas 1903	SPECIES			insignis		Dendromus	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.12 p.341		abyssinicus Osgood, 1936; kilimandjari Bohmann, 1939; percivali Heller, 1912.	Discontinuous in bamboo, heath, and alpine zones, ca. 3000-4700 m, of East AfricaEthiopia (Yalden et al., 1976, 1996; AMNH 81105) through W Kenya (Hollister, 1919; AMNH, MCZ, and USNM series) and Mt Elgon on the Kenya-Uganda border (Clausnitzer, 2001; reported as mesomelas), to Mt Kilimanjaro (Shore and Garbett, 1991; Grimshaw et al., 1995; FMNH specimens); also Western Rift mountains from W Uganda (Rwenzoris, Kerbis Peterhans et al., 1998) south to W Rwanda and E Dem. Rep. Congo (Kivu region; large samples in AMNH, BMNH, and FMNH); distributional extent unknown.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Although insignis has been included in D. mesomelas (Bohmann, 1942; Misonne, 1974), Thomas (1916b) cautioned that the "lumping of insignis with the southern D. mesomelas" appeared to be "unfounded," an evaluation sustained by specimen study. Dendromus insignis is distinguished easily from the South African D. mesomelas by larger body size, shorter pelage, darker upperparts with a more prominent stripe, dark gray or grayish buff underparts (white washed with buff or ochraceous in D. mesomelas), larger skull and longer molar rows, and interorbital and postorbital shape. Bohmann (1939) described the large-bodied kilimandjari as a subspecies of D. mesomelas, but the name identifies another montane population of D. insignis (study of BMNH paratypes); Thomas (1916b) explained why percivali is a synonym; and allocation of abyssinicus is based upon our inspection... [truncated]	Montane African Climbing Mouse
13000083	Dendromus kahuziensis	Dieterlen 1969	SPECIES			kahuziensis		Dendromus	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Z. Säugetierk. vol.34 p.348-353			Kivu region, E Dem. Rep. Congo.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	A distinctive species with an extremely long tail, broad middorsal stripe, and long gracile rostrum. Still known by few specimens from montane forest-bamboo habitat (Dieterlen, 1969a, 1976c).	Mt Kahuzi African Climbing Mouse
13400259	Dasyprocta punctata subsp. urucuma	Allen 1915	SUBSPECIES		urucuma	punctata		Dasyprocta	Dasyproctidae	Rodentia							
13000086	Dendromus melanotis	Smith 1834	SPECIES			melanotis		Dendromus	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	S. Afr. Quart. J. vol.2 p.158		arenarius Roberts, 1924; basuticus Roberts, 1927; capensis Roberts, 1931; chiversi Roberts, 1929; concinnus Thomas, 1926; exoneratus Thomas, 1918; insignis (Shortridge and Carter, 1938) [not of Thomas, 1903]; nigrifrons (True, 1892); pallidus (Heuglin, 1877); pecilei (Milne-Edwards, 1886); pretoriae Roberts, 1931; shortridgei St. Leger, 1930; spectabilis Heller, 1911; subtilis (Sundevall, 1846); thorntoni Roberts, 1931; vulturnus Thomas, 1916.	From South Africa (de Graaff, 1997dd; Skinner and Smithers, 1990:306; Taylor, 1998) northward in the west through Botswana (Smithers, 1971) to C Angola (Crawford-Cabral, 1998; AMNH specimens from Chitau); northward in the east through Zimbabwe (Smithers and Wilson, 1979), Mozambique (Smithers and Lobao Tello, 1976), Zambia (Ansell, 1978), Malawi (Ansell and Dowsett, 1988; Ansell, 1989), and Tanzania (Mt Kilimanjaro; Grimshaw et al., 1995; Swynnerton and Hayman, 1951) to Uganda (Delany, 1975); westward through Nigeria and Ghana (Grubb et al., 1998) to S Guinea (Rosevear, 1969); also from Ethiopia (AMNH 81119 and four other specimens as reported by Duckworth et al., 1993, and Yalden et al., 1976). Range limits unresolved.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Apparently most closely related to D. nyikae (see that account). A very widespread species and one requiring taxonomic revision, especially West African populations. Specimens from Mt Nimba, on the Guinea-Côte dIvoire border (Heim de Balsac and Lamotte, 1958; Rosevear, 1969), have ochraceous-red upperparts with indistinct stripe and white underparts, chromatic traits that fall outside the fur color and dorsal pattern of southern African D. melanotis (dorsum gray with prominent dark stripe, venter grayish), and may represent a separate species (either undescribed or a population of D. messorius). Crawford-Cabral (1998) questioned the inclusion of concinnus, but Thomas (1926e) description fits within morphological variation currently accepted as D. melanotis (see Roberts, 1951:449).	Gray African Climbing Mouse
13000087	Dendromus mesomelas	Brants 1827	SPECIES			mesomelas		Dendromus	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Het. Geslacht der Muizen p.122		ayresi  Roberts, 1913; major St. Leger, 1930; pumilio (Wagner, 1841); typicus Smith, 1834; typus Smith, 1829.	Discontinuous range in Southern African Subregionin South Africa across Western and Eastern Cape Provs., north through KwaZulu-Natal (Taylor, 1998), to Mpumalanga and Limpopo; Okavango swamps in N Botswana and Caprivi region of NE Namibia (Smithers, 1971); NW Zambia (Ansell, 1978, as D. m. major); and Gorongoza Mtn in C Mozambique (Smithers and Lobao Tello, 1976); may eventually be found in wet habitats of SE Angola and SW Zambia. Not recorded north of the Zambeze River in Mozambique or north of about 12º latitude elsewhere.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by de Graaff (1997cc). The indecisive shifting of pumilio between D. mesomelas and D. mystacalis is reviewed Meester et al. (1986), who documented its proper association with the former. Some names once included in D. mesomelas (see Misonne, 1974) are here treated as distinct species (see D. insignis, D. nyasae, D. oreas, and D. vernayi). Judged by specimens, D. mesomelas from the Southern African Subregion is morphologically separable from northern populations in East Africa, Angola, and Cameroon. It is a larger version of, and likely closely related to, D. mystacalis. Dendromus mesomelas inhabits grasslands in swamps and other wet habitats; whereas, D. mystacalis and D. melanotis, which occur in the same regions, occupy dryer environments (Smithers, 1971; Smithers and Lobao Tello, 1976).	Brantss African Climbing Mouse
13000088	Dendromus messorius	Thomas 1903	SPECIES			messorius		Dendromus	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.12 p.340		haymani Hatt, 1934; kumasi Bohmann, 1939; ruddi Wroughton, 1910.	Tropical lowlands and lower mountain slopes, from Ghana (Grubb et al., 1998) through Benin (USNM 422451), Nigeria (USNM 410307), and Cameroon (series in AMNH and MCZ), to N Dem. Rep. Congo (series in AMNH and USNM) and extreme S Sudan (Torit region; USNM 299833, 299834); southwards to NW (USNM 165270) and W Uganda (Ruwenzori Mtns; series in AMNH and MCZ), W Kenya near Lake Victoria (USNM series) and Mt Elgon (holotype of ruddi; MCZ specimens; Clausnitzer and Kityo, 2001); limits unresolved (Dieterlen, 1971).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Treated as part of D. mystacalis by Misonne (1974), but regarded as a separate species by Hatt (1940) and Dieterlen (1971), who pointed out its sympatric occurrence with D. mystacalis. Morphology and pelage coloration similar to D. mystacalis, but body size larger, middorsal stripe absent (present but indistinct in some D. mystacalis, absent in many), and underparts white (white to buffy gray in D. mystacalis). Both species may be phylogenetically close to southern African D. mesomelas. Hatt (1940) and Rosevear (1969) provided excellent descriptions of morphology and habits.	Banana African Climbing Mouse
13700682	Galemys pyrenaicus subsp. rufulus	Graells 1897	SUBSPECIES		rufulus	pyrenaicus		Galemys	Talpidae	Soricomorpha							
13000089	Dendromus mystacalis	Heuglin 1863	SPECIES			mystacalis		Dendromus	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol., Halle vol.30 2 p.suppl. 5		acraeus Wroughton, 1909; ansorgei Thomas and Wroughton, 1905; capitis Heller, 1912; jamesoni Wroughton, 1909; lineatus Heller, 1911; nairobae Osgood, 1910; ochropus Osgood, 1910; pallescens Osgood, 1910; pongolensis Roberts, 1931; uthmoelleri Bohmann, 1939; whytei Wroughton, 1909.	Much of C and E Africa (G. M. Allen and Loveridge, 1942; Ansell, 1978, 1989; Ansell and Dowsett, 1988; Delany, 1975; Lawrence and Loveridge, 1953; Smithers, 1971; Smithers and Lobao Tello, 1976; Smithers and Wilson, 1979; Stanley et al., 1998b), including S Sudan (Setzer, 1956) and Ethiopia (Lavrenchenko, 2000; Yalden et al., 1996), as far south as Angola (Crawford-Cabral, 1966b, 1998) and E South Africa (de Graaff, 1997ee; Skinner and Smithers, 1990:308; Taylor, 1998); range based also on specimens in AMNH, BMNH, FMNH, and MCZ.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Upperparts are bright ochraceous-buff without a stripe in most samples, a faint strip in others; underparts range from white (usual) to buffy gray, the coloration typical of N Dem. Rep. Congo and AMNH series from Angola (ansorgei, as per Thomas and Wroughton, 1905; Hill and Carter, 1941; and Hayman, 1963b). Those samples without a faint middorsal stripe closely resemble D. messorius but are smaller and usually have buffy gray underparts (always white in messorius). This species is a morphological miniature of southern African D. mesomelas, the two are probably close phylogenetic allies, and both constitute one of the two species-pairs occurring in southern Africa (Avery, 1998). Morphological variation within this widely ranging species should be investigated to determine whether more than one species is represented.	Chestnut African Climbing Mouse
13000090	Dendromus nyasae	Thomas 1916	SPECIES			nyasae		Dendromus	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.18 p.241		hintoni  Bohmann, 1939; kivu Thomas, 1916; lunaris Osgood, 1936.	Western Rift MtnsRuwenzoris in E Dem. Rep. Congo and W Uganda (Kerbis Peterhans et al., 1998; Osgood, 1936; AMNH and FMNH), south through the E Dem. Rep. Congo (Kivu region; AMNH, BMNH, and MCZ) to the Marungu Mtns in SE Dem. Rep. Congo (AMNH 55735), Mbizi Mtns in W Tanzania (FMNH), SW Tanzania (Rungwe and Ukinga; AMNH, FMNH, MCZ; listed by G. M. Allen and Loveridge, 1933, as kivu), Nyika Plateau in NE Zambia (Ansell, 1978; Ansell and Ansell, 1973) and N Malawi, and highlands in S Malawi (Ansell and Dowsett, 1988; Lawrence and Loveridge, 1953); also through the Eastern Arc Mtns, E Tanzania (Uzungwa Mtns, FMNH and MCZ; Uluguru highlands, holotype of hintoni; Ukaguru Mtns, FMNH; Nguru Mtns, FMNH; South Pare Mtns, Stanley et al., 1998a, as mesomelas).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as D. kivu.	Dendromus nyasae and the three names in synonymy (based on study of all holotypes) have been treated as subspecies of the southern African D. mesomelas (Bohmann, 1942; Misonne, 1974). The latter is larger in external dimensions; has longer pelage with upperparts brighter and buffier (darker, tawny hue in D. nyasae), underparts white usually suffused with pale buff or ochraceous (dark grayish white in D. nyasae); its skull is more robust with narrow interorbital and postorbital regions and more flaring zygomatic arches (interorbit constricted but postorbit wider), longer molar rows; and occurs commonly in lowlands (D. nyasae is strictly montane). Ansell (1974b, 1978) noted that specimens from NW Zambia identified as D. mesomelas major (= D. mesomelas) were "quite distinct" from D. mesomelas nyasae (= D. nyasae) on the Nyika Plateau, NE Zambia. In the Western Rift... [truncated]	Kivu African Climbing Mouse
13000091	Dendromus nyikae	Wroughton 1909	SPECIES			nyikae		Dendromus	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.3 p.248		angolensis Roberts, 1929; bernardi Lundholm, 1955; longicaudatus Roberts, 1913.	Patchy range in S Subsaharan Africa (about 5º to 24º S latitude)SC Dem. Rep. Congo (Kananga, AMNH series), N and C Angola (Crawford-Cabral, 1998; Hill and Carter, 1941; FMNH), N South Africa (Tzaneen Dist. of Limpopo; de Graaff, 1997bb), E Zimbabwe (de Graaff, 1997bb), Zambia (Ansell, 1978), Malawi (Ansell, 1989b; Ansell and Dowsett, 1988; Chitaukali et al., 2001), and Eastern Arc Mtns, NE Tanzania (Stanley et al., 1998b; Udzungwa Mtns, FMNH); limits unknown.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	A dark-furred and large-bodied relative of D. melanotis, as indicated by synapomorphic possession of a nail on the fifth hind digit (claw in all other Dendromus), an elongate front fifth digit (vestigial and scarely evident in others), and burrowing habit to construct underground nests (other species are better climbers and nest above ground); see Ansell, 1974b. The two comprise one of two species-pairs that commonly co-occur in southern Africa (Avery, 1998), in grassland and savanna woodland biomes at low and high altitudes (Chitaukali et al., 2001; Mugo et al., 1995). The report of D. melanotis nyikae from Ukerewe Isl in Lake Victoria (MCZ 26613; G. M. Allen and Loveridge, 1933) is an example of D. mystacalis.	Nyika African Climbing Mouse
13000092	Dendromus oreas	Osgood 1936	SPECIES			oreas		Dendromus	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser. vol.20 p.236			Mt Cameroon, Mts Kupe and Manenguba in the massif about 70 mi (113 km) NE Mt Cameroon (Eisentraut, 1963, 1968; Osgood, 1936; Rosevear, 1969), and possibly in mtns of extreme E Cameroon.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Although described by Osgood (1936) as a species, oreas was later included in D. mesomelas (Bohmann, 1942; Misonne, 1974; Rosevear, 1969). Study of the holotype supports Osgoods (1936) view that oreas is related to what he called D. lunaris (=D. nyasae) and is not a geographic outlier of either the montane East African D. insignis or southern African D. mesomelas (see those accounts). Judged from the wide range in molar length that Rosevear (1969:472) recorded for oreas, his Cameroon sample is either extremely variable, which is unusual in the genus, or consists of two species.	Cameroon African Climbing Mouse
13000093	Dendromus vernayi	Hill and Carter 1937	SPECIES			vernayi		Dendromus	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.913 p.4			Known only from the type locality (Hill and Carter, 1941; Crawford-Cabral, 1986, 1998), EC Angola.	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Hill and Carter (1941) described vernayi as a subspecies of D. mesomelas, an association which has not been questioned (Bohmann, 1942; Crawford-Cabral, 1986; Misonne, 1974). Re-examination of the holotype and original series (in AMNH) reveals vernayi to be distinguished from mesomelas by its much smaller body size and strikingly shorter tail, buffy gray venter (white, often with pale buff in D. mesomelas), much smaller skull, postorbital region not constricted (as narrow as interorbit in D. mesomelas), shorter and wider rostrum, and longer molar rows relative to skull length. No morphological data supports its affiliation with D. mesomelas or with the much larger D. insignis. Externally, D. vernayi resembles D. mystacalis, which also occurs at Chitau, but that species is much smaller and recalls D. mesomelas in coloration and cranial conformation. While also morphologically d... [truncated]	Vernays African Climbing Mouse
13000094	Dendroprionomys	F. Petter 1966	GENUS					Dendroprionomys	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Mammalia vol.30 p.129	Dendroprionomys rousseloti F. Petter, 1966.					
13000096	Malacothrix	Wagner 1843	GENUS					Malacothrix	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	In Schreber, Die Säugethiere, Suppl. vol.3 p.496	Otomys typicus A. Smith, 1834.	Otomys  Smith, 1834 [preoccupied by Otomys Cuvier, 1823, a murid].			Morphologically highly distinctive compared with species of Dendromus, Megadendromus, and Steatomys (Denys et al., 1995). See Matthey (1967a) for chromosomal information and karyological contrasts with other dendromurine genera. Known from late Pliocene and early Pleistocene in southern Africa (Avery, 1998; Senut et al., 1992). Generally considered monotypic (Meester et al., 1986), but this view needs affirmation by systematic revision.	
13000097	Malacothrix typica	A. Smith 1834	SPECIES			typica		Malacothrix	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	S. Afr. Quart. J. vol.2 p.148		damarensis  Roberts, 1932; egeria Thomas, 1926; fryi Roberts, 1917; harveyi Roberts, 1951; kalaharicus Roberts, 1932; molopensis Roberts, 1933.	Eastern portion of Southern African Subregion in semidesert regions (mean annual rainfall = 150-500 mm) where sandy plains, short grassy velds, and karroid shrubs on hard substrates predominate; ranges in C and E South Africa (Eastern, Western and Northern Cape Provs., Free State, Northwest Prov.), S Botswana (Smithers, 1971), most of Namibia, and extreme SW Angola (Crawford-Cabral, 1998).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Skinner and Smithers (1990) and de Graaff (1997aa). The species is now absent from KwaZulu-Natal in E South Africa but was present until about 60,000 years ago (Avery, 1991). Closely related to the extinct M. makapani, early Pleistocene Swartkrans cave sediments in South Africa (Avery, 1998).	Large-eared African Desert Mouse
13000098	Megadendromus	Dieterlen and Rupp 1978	GENUS					Megadendromus	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Z. Säugetierk. vol.43 p.129	Megadendromus nikolausi Dieterlen and Rupp, 1978.				A spectacular dendromurine that resembles a giant Dendromus, having derived molar traits that influenced Dieterlen and Rupp (1978) to pose close relationship between Dendromurinae and Murinae. Denys et al. (1995), however, showed Megadendromus to be part of a clade that includes Dendromus, Steatomys, and Malacothrix, but excludes murines.	
13000103	Steatomys bocagei	Thomas 1892	SPECIES			bocagei		Steatomys	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6 vol.10 p.264		kasaicus  Hatt, 1934.	Moist savannas and woodlands from the Central Plateau of Angola (Crawford-Cabral, 1998; Hill and Carter, 1941) eastward through NE Angola to SC Dem. Rep. Congo at Luluabourg (= Kananga; type series of kasaicus in AMNH, see Hatt, 1934); eastern limits unresolved.		<p>A distinctive species characterized by very large body size and four pairs of teats (pectoral, postaxillary, and two inguinal). Treated as a species by Hill and Carter (1941) and Ellerman et al. (1953), but synonymized with S. pratensis by Coetzee (1977a) and listed that way in most contemporary faunal accounts. Crawford-Cabral (1998) recognized the specific integrity of bocagei, and explained that it has only four pairs of teats in contrast to S. pratensis with five pairs (sometimes more; see Coetzee, 1977a). That distinguishing trait, its very large body size compared to S. pratensis from southern and eastern Africa, and study of the large series reported by Hill and Carter (1941) identify a species separate from S. pratensis or the large-bodied S. opimus.</p><p>Crawford-Cabral identified the large-bodied Steatomys from NE Angola as S. pratensis kasaicus (teat num... [truncated]	Bocages African Fat Mouse
13000104	Steatomys caurinus	Thomas 1912	SPECIES			caurinus		Steatomys	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.9 p.271		roseveari  Swanepoel and Schlitter, 1978.	West Africa, Senegal (Duplantier and Granjon, 1992), through S Mali (Meinig, 2000) and Ghana (Grubb et al., 1998), to C Nigeria; range limits unknown.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Listed as a subspecies of S. pratensis by Coetzee (1977a), but documented as species by Rosevear (1969) and Swanepoel and Schlitter (1978). The relationship between S. caurinus and S. pratensis from southern and East Africa warrants inquiry.	Northwestern African Fat Mouse
13000105	Steatomys cuppedius	Thomas and Hinton 1920	SPECIES			cuppedius		Steatomys	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Novit. Zool. vol.27 p.318			West Africa, in Senegal (Duplantier and Granjon, 1992), NC Nigeria, and SC Niger; range unresolved.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Revised by Swanepoel and Schlitter (1978), who regarded cuppedius as a distinct species, as did Rosevear (1969), not a member of S. parvus as per Coetzee (1977a). Thomas and Hinton (1923a) thought the holotype of aquilo from EC Sudan was related to S. cuppedius. Whether West African cuppedius represents a separate species or segment of the widely ranging S. parvus has yet to be resolved. Specimens identified as S. cuppedius from SE Ghana by Yeboah (1982-1988) are examples of Uranomys ruddi (Grubb et al., 1998:189).	Dainty African Fat Mouse
13000106	Steatomys jacksoni	Hayman 1935 "1936"	SPECIES			jacksoni		Steatomys	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1935 p.930			Spottily recorded from the type locality (Grubb et al., 1998), possibly Togo (Rosevear, 1969), and SW Nigeria (Anadu, 1979); limits indeterminate.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Included in S. pratensis by Coetzee (1977a), but provisionally retained as species by Rosevear (1969) and Swanepoel and Schlitter (1978) until significance of the diagnostic character (size and shape of interparietal) is assessed by additional specimens and other information. The relationship between S. jacksoni (females not yet collected) and the other large-bodied species, S. bocagei and S. opimus, needs to be examined.	Jacksons African Fat Mouse
13400260	Dasyprocta punctata subsp. variegata	Tschudi 1845	SUBSPECIES		variegata	punctata		Dasyprocta	Dasyproctidae	Rodentia							
13000608	Brucepattersonius igniventris	Hershkovitz 1998	SPECIES			igniventris		Brucepattersonius	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bonn. Zool. Beitr. vol.47 p.232			Known only from the type locality.			Red-bellied Akodont
13000107	Steatomys krebsii	Peters 1852	SPECIES			krebsii		Steatomys	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Reise nach Mossambique, Säugethiere p.165		angolensis  Hill and Carter, 1937; bensoni Ansell, 1958; bradleyi Hill and Carter, 1937; chiversi Roberts, 1931; mariae Ansell, 1958; orangiae Roberts, 1929; pentonyx (Sclater, 1899); tongensis Roberts, 1931; transvaalensis Roberts, 1929.	Patchy distribution in Southern African SubregionC and SW Angola (Crawford-Cabral, 1998), NE Namibia (Caprivi Strip and vicinity; specimens in USNM), N Botswana (Smithers, 1971), W Zambia (Ansell, 1978 ), and South Africa (Western, Eastern and Northern Cape Provs., E Free State, Northwest Prov., and NW KwaZulu-Natal).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	A distinctive small-bodied species with a long tail and small hind feet; reviewed by Coetzee (1977a), Meester et al. (1986), and Ansell (1978). The holotypes of angolensis and bradleyi (in AMNH) are unproblematic examples of S. krebsii. Populations in KwaZulu-Natal Prov., E South Africa, reviewed by Taylor (1998), who transferred tongensis from S. parvus to S. krebsii. De Graaff (1997hh) mapped the spotty distribution but suspected that it reflected lack of focused collection.	Krebs African Fat Mouse
13000108	Steatomys opimus	Pousargues 1894	SPECIES			opimus		Steatomys	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Bull. Soc. Zool. De France vol.19 p.131		gazellae  Thomas and Hinton, 1923.	Moist savanna and forest margins from Cameroon, through S Central African Repbulic and N Dem. Rep. Congo (Faradje and Niangara per AMNH specimens), to extreme SW Sudan.		Closely similar to the large-bodied S. bocagei in body and cranial dimensions, but with five pairs of teats (abdominal pair in addition to the other four; AMNH specimens from Faradje and Niangara). Included in S. pratensis by Coatzee (1977a), but opimus is much larger in body and cranial dimensions than samples from eastern and southern Africa. Hatt (1940a) redescribed S. opimus as a species based on AMNH series, emphasized traits that distinguish it from other Steatomys, and explained that the holotype of gazellae is another example of it. Status of S. opimus with respect to the large-bodied West African S. jacksoni requires resolution.	Pousargues African Fat Mouse
13400331	Ctenomys occultus	Thomas 1920	SPECIES			occultus		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.6 p.243			NW Argentina in Tucumán and adjacent Provs.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Revised by Reig et al. (1966); also see Cabrera (1961) who included it in mendocinus. Karyotype is 2n=22; FN=38 (Reig et al., 1992).	Furtive Tuco-tuco
13000109	Steatomys parvus	Rhoads 1896	SPECIES			parvus		Steatomys	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia p.529		aquilo  Thomas and Hinton, 1923; athi Heller, 1910; kalaharicus Roberts, 1932; loveridgei Thomas, 1919; minutus Thomas and Wroughton, 1905; muanzae Kershaw, 1923; swalius Thomas, 1926; thomasi Setzer, 1956; umbratus Thomas, 1926.	East and Southern AfricaS and EC Sudan (holotypes of aquilo and thomasi; USNM specimens), S Ethiopia, and Somalia; south through Kenya (Hollister, 1919; specimens in AMNH), Uganda (Delany, 1975; AMNH 119143), and Tanzania (Swynnerton and Hayman, 1951); to SW Angola (Coetzee, 1977a; Crawford-Cabral, 1998; AMNH 81949), NE Namibia, NW Botswana (Smithers, 1971), W Zambia (Ansell, 1978), and W Zimbabwe (Smithers and Wilson, 1979).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Distribution and conservation status discussed as a savanna woodland species by Mugo et al. (1995). The single Ethiopian record was first listed as S. pratensis (Yalden et al., 1976) and later reidentified as S. parvus (Yalden et al., 1996). Coetzee (1977a) omitted thomasi from his review; Setzers (1956) large type series matches the range of variation in what is now regarded as S. parvus. Coetzee (1977a) included the holotype and only specimen of aquilo (EC Sudan, Jebel Marra) in S. parvus, although Thomas and Hinton (1923a) believed it to be related to West African S. cuppedius. Southern African records reviewed and mapped by de Graaff (1997gg), who included an isolate in KwaZulu-Natal, but Taylor (1998) reallocated those specimens to S. krebsii. Steatomys parvus has not been found south of NE Namibia and NW Botswana, nor have we located any samples be... [truncated]	Tiny African Fat Mouse
13000110	Steatomys pratensis	Peters 1846	SPECIES			pratensis		Steatomys	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Bericht Verhandl. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.11 p.258		edulis  Peters, 1852; leucorhynchus Hill and Carter, 1937; maunensis Roberts, 1932; natalensis Roberts, 1929; nyasae Lawrence and Loveridge, 1953.	Southern and East AfricaS Angola (Carter and Hill, 1941) and N Namibia; eastward through N Botswana (Smithers, 1971), Zimbabwe (Smithers and Wilson, 1979), N South Africa (Limpopo, Mpumalanga, Gauteng, and N KwaZulu-Natal; de Graaff, 1997ff; Taylor, 1998), and Mozambique (Smithers and Lobao Tello, 1976); north through Zambia (Ansell, 1978), Malawi (Ansell and Dowsett, 1988; Chitaukali et al., 2001; Lawrence and Loveridge, 1953), and Tanzania (AMNH material) to EC Ethiopia (Demeter, 1982).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Formerly included bocagei and opimus (see those accounts). Demeter (1982) identified the lone Ethiopian record (Sabober Plains, Awash National Park) as S. pratensis because of their large skull size compared with S. parvus; his range of values match those for S. pratensis in the AMNH, not the larger S. opimus which occurs no closer than extreme SW Sudan. Although leucorhynchus is usually included in S. krebsii (Coetzee, 1977a; Meester et al., 1986), Crawford-Cabral (1998) provisionally recognized it as a species because relative ear length of the holotype (Angola, Capelongo) is more similar to S. pratensis; he also suggested that leucorhynchus may prove to be another geographic sample of the latter. After studying the holotype of leucorhynchus and others from Capelongo (AMNH 85815, 85816, 86976) in S Angola, we agree with that assessment. We have not seen material betw... [truncated]	Common African Fat Mouse
13000111	Mystromyinae	Vorontsov 1966	SUBFAMILY						Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Zool. Zh. vol.45 p.437		Mystromyini Vorontsov, 1966 (Mystromyinae Lavocat, 1973).			<p>Phylogenetic allocation of Mystromys so puzzled Ellerman (1941:445) that he wrote "I am entirely at a loss to suggest the relationships of this genus, which seems not only isolated from the Palaearctic and Neotropical genera, but to have no marked generic characters." Based on a comprehensive study of morphological characters, Vorontsov (1966) concluded that M. albicaudatus is not closely related to Palearctic hamsters and placed it in the monotypic tribe Mystromyini. Carleton and Musser (1984:313) remarked that Mystromys is possibly a survivor of an ancient phyletic line, pointing out that Lavocat (1973, 1978) "raised such a novel possibility for Mystromys by noting its probable derivation from afrocricetodontine rodents and by recognizing the subfamily Mystromyinae in the Nesomyidae, a family composed of archaic African cricetids that he derived from the afrocricetodontines, the African counterpart to European and Asian cricetodontines." Pocock (... [truncated]	
13000112	Mystromys	Wagner 1841	GENUS					Mystromys	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Gelehrte Anz. I. K. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., München vol.12 54 p.col. 434	Mystromys albipes Wagner, 1841 (= Otomys albicaudatus A. Smith, 1834).				Gross morphology of male accessory glands described by Voss and Linzey (1981). Gastric anatomy, development, and physiology thoroughly investigated and considered with respect to systematics, function, and diet (Maddock and Perrin, 1981, 1983; Perrin and Curtis, 1980; Perrin and Maddock, 1983). Spermatozoal morphology described by Breed (1995d), who noted that sperm head ultrastructure generally resembles that of the cricetine Mesocricetus.	
13000674	Irenomys	Thomas 1919	GENUS					Irenomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.3 p.201	Mus tarsalis Philippi, 1900.				Sigmodontinae incertae sedis. Usually grouped with phyllotines (Olds and Anderson, 1989; Vorontsov, 1959), a tribal affiliation supported by cladistic analyses of morphological traits (Braun, 1993; Steppan, 1995) but not of cytochrome b sequences (DElía et al., 2003; Smith and Patton, 1999).	
13000122	Eliurus antsingy	Carleton, Goodman, and Rakotondravony 2001	SPECIES			antsingy		Eliurus	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.114 p.974			So far known from only two localities in dry forest peculiar to karst topography (tsingy), W Madagascar.		Specific relationships unclear; although found in W Madagascar, E. antsingy is apparently not closely related to the more widely distributed western species, E. myoxinus (Carleton et al., 2001).	Tsingy Tufted-tailed Rat
13400261	Dasyprocta punctata subsp. yucatanica	Goldman 1913	SUBSPECIES		yucatanica	punctata		Dasyprocta	Dasyproctidae	Rodentia							
13000113	Mystromys albicaudatus	A. Smith 1834	SPECIES			albicaudatus		Mystromys	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	S Afr. Quart. J. vol.2 p.148		albicaudatus (Desmarest, 1822) [Meester et al. (1986) described origin and possible status of this name]; albicaudatus (Smith, 1834); albipes (Wagner, 1841); antiquus Broom, 1948 [probably nomen nudum; see Avery, 1998]; fumosus Thomas and Schwann, 1905); hauslichtneri Broom 1937; lanuginosa (Lichtenstein, 1842).	South Africa (relict population in Western Cape Prov., lowlands of Eastern Cape Prov., and highveld of Free State, Gauteng and Mpumalanga Provinces, and NW KwaZulu-Natal), Lesotho, and S Swaziland.	IUCN  Endangered.	<p>Reviewed by de Graaff (1997z), Meester et al. (1986), and Skinner and Smithers (1990). The taxon longicaudatus was described as a species of Mystromys (Noack, 1887) and listed that way by G. M. Allen (1939), but Misonne (1966) determined the holotype to be an immature example of Mastomys natalensis, an identification accepted by de Graaff (1981) and Meester et al. (1986), and verified by multivariate analysis (Van der Straeten and Robbins, 1997, who noted the specimen is a young adult). See Meester et al. (1986) for type localities and taxonomic references of all described forms; Grubb (2001; see also Opinion 2005 of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 2002b) suggested that albicaudatus Geoffroy, 1803, is a senior homonym of Otomys albicaudatus A. Smith, 1834, a possibility that should be formally resolved. Found in fynbos, succulent Karoo, nama-karoo, grassland, arid savanna, and savanna woodland (M... [truncated]	African White-tailed Rat
13000127	Eliurus myoxinus	Milne-Edwards 1885	SPECIES			myoxinus		Eliurus	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. Paleontol. (Paris) vol.20 p.Art. 1 bis			Dry deciduous forest and xerophilous habitats, W Madagascar, from the vicinity of Ankarafantsika to the islands southernmost tip (Carleton et al., 2001:Fig. 3).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Although endemic to western biotopes, the range of E. myoxinus closely approaches that of eastern species in the extreme south (Carleton et al., 2001; Goodman et al., 1999). Sister species of E. minor according to phylogenetic interpretation of mitochondrial DNA sequences (Jansa et al., 1999).	Western Tufted-tailed Rat
13000114	Nesomyinae	Major 1897	SUBFAMILY						Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1897 p.718		Brachytarsomyes Ellerman, 1941; Brachyuromyes Ellerman, 1941; Eliuri Ellerman, 1941; Gymnuromyinae Ellerman, 1941; Nesomyinae Major, 1897 (Nesomyidae Tullberg, 1899; Nesomyini Vorontsov, 1959).			<p>Emended definitionMuroid rodents in which the jugal is large, spanning most of the middle zygomatic arch (Major, 1897); the tongue retains three circumvallate papillae (Tullberg, 1899; Vorontsov, 1967); and the enamel face of the lower incisors bears two low and inconspicuous ridges, close-set in parallel and positioned mediolaterally (confirmed by MDC in all nine genera).</p><p>Group exceedingly diverse morphologically (see Carleton and Musser, 1984:341-2), but the above characters, in combination, uniquely define nesomyines among assemblages of living muroids. Jugal size and number of circumvallate papillae are probably primitive conditions, but the acquisition of various lower incisor ornamentations is thought derived (Flynn et al., 1985; L. D. Martin, 1980). Similar longitudinal incisor ridges are also found in certain cricetomyines among extant groups, and in the extinct Miocene African genera Afrocricetodon, Notocricetodon, and Protarsomys (Flynn et al., ... [truncated]	
13000115	Brachytarsomys	Günther 1875	GENUS					Brachytarsomys	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1875 p.79	Brachytarsomys albicauda Günther, 1875.				The incipient prismatic condition of the dentition persuaded Ellerman (1941) to classify Brachytarsomys as a primitive arvicoline. Specific discrimination and distributions reviewed by Carleton and Goodman (2003a).	
13000116	Brachytarsomys albicauda	Günther 1875	SPECIES			albicauda		Brachytarsomys	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1875 p.80			Rain forest at middle elevations, E Madagascar.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		White-tailed Antsangy.
13000117	Brachytarsomys villosa	F. Petter 1962	SPECIES			villosa		Brachytarsomys	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Mammalia vol.26 p.570			So far recorded only from the western slopes of the Anjanaharibe-Sud Massif, N Madagascar.		Named as a subspecies by F. Petter (1962a) based on a zoo specimen, but Carleton and Schmidt (1990) suggested that villosa is a distinct species. Rediscovered in the wild by Goodman et al. (2001b) and contrasted to B. albicauda; distributional limits unknown.	Hairy-tailed Antsangy
13000118	Brachyuromys	Major 1896	GENUS					Brachyuromys	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.18 p.322	Brachyuromys ramirohitra Major, 1896.				Ellerman (1941) allied Brachyuromys as a tribe within Tachyoryctinae, an affinity earlier considered plausible by Major (1897). Cladistic interpretation of cytochrome b sequences instead indicates close kinship with Nesomys (Jansa et al., 1999). Specific discrimination and distributions reviewed by Jansa and Carleton (2003b).	
13000640	Delomys sublineatus	Thomas 1903	SPECIES			sublineatus		Delomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.12 p.240			Atlantic Forest region of SE Brazil (Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo to Santa Catarina).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Pallid Delomys
13000120	Brachyuromys ramirohitra	Major 1896	SPECIES			ramirohitra		Brachyuromys	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.18 p.323			Isolated records, ca. 900-1990 m, in highlands of N and C Madagascar.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Extent poorly documented, but recent records paint a broader distribution in the Central Highlands (Soarimalala et al., 2001) as well as its presumably isolated occurrence in the Northern Highlands (Jansa and Carleton, 2003b).	Greater Short-tailed Rat
13000121	Eliurus	Milne Edwards 1885	GENUS					Eliurus	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. Paleontol. (Paris) vol.20 p.Art. 1 bis	Eliurus myoxinus Milne-Edwards, 1885.				Genus arrayed as a monotypic tribe within Murinae by Ellerman (1941), an affinity confuted by molecular data (Dubois et al., 1996; Jansa et al., 1999). Ellerman (1949) set the precedent for recognizing only two species, the large polytypic E. myoxinus and the small monotypic E. minor, an arrangement later followed by F. Petter (1972c, 1975a) and others (Corbet and Hill, 1991; Honacki et al., 1982). Revised by Carleton (1994), who recognized 8 species and summarized their morphological identification and distributions; interspecific relationships based on cladistic interpretation of cytochrome b sequences studied by Jansa et al. (1999). Review of specific taxonomy and distributions, along with key to identification, provided by Carleton (2003).	
13000124	Eliurus grandidieri	Carleton and Goodman 1998	SPECIES			grandidieri		Eliurus	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Fieldiana Zool., N.S. vol.90 p.165			Middle to upper montane forest, 1250-1875 m, in the Northern Highlands and northern portion of the Central Highlands, E Madagascar.		Certain morphological features suggest that the species is most closely related to E. petteri.	Grandidiers Tufted-tailed Rat
13000125	Eliurus majori	Thomas 1895	SPECIES			majori		Eliurus	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.16 p.164			Middle to upper montane forest, 1000-2000 m, E Madagascar, from Montagne dAmbre in the north to the Anosyenne Mountains in the south.	IUCN  Endangered.	Morphologically similar to and presumably closely related with E. penicillatus (Carleton, 1994).	Majors Tufted-tailed Rat
13000126	Eliurus minor	Major 1896	SPECIES			minor		Eliurus	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.18 p.462			Humid forests of E Madagascar, near sea level to 1875 m.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Co-occurs regionally with most other species of Eliurus. Extensive size variation and broad altitudinal occurrence suggest a species composite.	Lesser Tufted-tailed Rat
13000130	Eliurus tanala	Major 1896	SPECIES			tanala		Eliurus	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.18 p.462			Middle elevations in humid forest, 775-1625 m, from Northern Highlands to the S Anosyenne Mountains, E Madagascar.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Distribution overlaps that of its morphologically similar congener E. webbi at lower elevations. Geographic variation evaluated by Carleton and Goodman (1998).	Tanala Tufted-tailed Rat
13000131	Eliurus webbi	Ellerman 1949	SPECIES			webbi		Eliurus	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Families and Genera of Living Rodents vol.3 App. II p.163			Lowland rainforest, sea level-1150 m, E Madagascar, from Montagne dAmbre in the north to southernmost reaches of the Anosyenne and Vohimena Mountains, including littoral forests in the extreme southeast.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Geographic variation evaluated by Carleton and Goodman (2000). Sister species of E. tanala according to phylogenetic interpretation of mitochondrial DNA sequences (Jansa et al., 1999).	Webbs Tufted-tailed Rat
13000132	Gymnuromys	Major 1896	GENUS					Gymnuromys	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.18 p.324	Gymnuromys roberti Major, 1896.				Ellerman (1941) created the subfamily Gymnuromyinae in recognition of the distinctive features of this species, which he believed to be derived from a Nesomys-like ancestor. Molecular data fail to support this independent status and instead generally relate the genus to other nesomyines (Jansa et al., 1999). Contrasts with Eliurus and distribution reviewed by Carleton and Goodman (2003b).	
13000133	Gymnuromys roberti	Major 1896	SPECIES			roberti		Gymnuromys	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.18 p.324			E Madagascar humid forest, 500-1625 m, from the Northern Highlands, along the eastern flank of the central highlands, to the southern limits of the Anosyenne Mountains.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Some have voiced concern that populations of G. roberti are being supplanted by introduced Rattus (see Carleton and Schmidt, 1990; Goodman, 1995).	Voalavoanala
13000134	Hypogeomys	A. Grandidier 1869	GENUS					Hypogeomys	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Rev. Mag. Zool. Paris, ser. 2 vol.21 p.338	Hypogeomys antimena A. Grandidier, 1869.				Retained by Ellerman (1941) within Cricetinae as a genus of obscure relationships. Sister genus to the Macrotasomys Monticolomys clade according to phylogenetic assessment of mitochondrial DNA sequences (Jansa et al., 1999). The fossil Hypogeomys boulei G. Grandidier (1912) proved to be an example of Plesiorycteropus, member of the extinct order Bibymalagasia (see MacPhee, 1994). Ecology, behavior, and conservation status reviewed by Sommer (2003).	
13000174	Arborimus pomo	Johnson and George 1991	SPECIES			pomo		Arborimus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Los Angeles Co. Nat. Hist. Mus., Contr. Sci. vol.429 p.12			Coastal coniferous forests of NW California, south of Klamath Mtns as far as Sonoma Co., USA.	IUCN  Data Deficient.	Closely related to A. longicaudus (Johnson and George, 1991). See Adam and Hayes (1998, Mammalian Species, 593).	Sonoma Tree Vole
13400513	Proechimys semispinosus subsp. rosa	Thomas 1900	SUBSPECIES		rosa	semispinosus		Proechimys	Echimyidae	Rodentia							
13000135	Hypogeomys antimena	A. Grandidier 1869	SPECIES			antimena		Hypogeomys	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Rev. Mag. Zool. Paris, ser. 2 vol.21 p.339			Narrow coastal zone in deciduous dry forest with sandy soils, WC Madagascar.	IUCN  Endangered.	Although its present range is greatly restricted, H. antimena was more widespread in SW Madagascar until the late Holocene, 1400 years before present (Goodman and Rakotodravony, 1996). Ecology, breeding biology, and conservation status of extant populations addressed by Cook et al. (1991) and Sommer (1997, 2001). Most closely related to H. australis, known as subfossils from cave deposits in C and extreme S Madagascar, and documented as a valid species by Goodman and Rakotodravony (1996), who discussed its possible survival into the period of the islands early human colonization.	Votsovotsa
13000136	Macrotarsomys	Milne-Edwards and G. Grandidier 1898	GENUS					Macrotarsomys	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, ser. 1 vol.4 p.179	Macrotarsomys bastardi Milne Edwards and G. Grandidier, 1898.				Retained within Cricetinae by Ellerman (1941) but more closely related to other nesomyines, in particular Monticolomys (Carleton and Goodman, 1996; Jansa et al., 1999). Lavocat (1978), Chaline et al. (1977), and F. Petter (1990) aligned Macrotarsomys with the Kenyan Miocene fossil Protarsomys, a relationship questioned by Carleton and Schmidt (1990) and Carleton and Goodman (1996). Specific discrimination, distributions, and biology reviewed by Carleton and Goodman (2003c).	
13000137	Macrotarsomys bastardi	Milne-Edwards and G. Grandidier 1898	SPECIES			bastardi		Macrotarsomys	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, ser. 1 vol.4 p.179		occidentalis  Ellerman, 1949.	Dry deciduous forest and open savannah in NW, W, and S Madagascar, from the vicinity of Ankarafantsika to the islands southernmost tip.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Ellerman (1949) described occidentalis as a subspecies; its status has yet to be critically assessed.	Lesser Big-footed Mouse
13000138	Macrotarsomys ingens	F. Petter 1959	SPECIES			ingens		Macrotarsomys	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Mammalia vol.23 p.140			Known only from the type locality and its vicinity, NW Madagascar.	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Occurs sympatrically with M. bastardi.	Greater Big-footed Mouse
13000139	Monticolomys	Carleton and Goodman 1996	GENUS					Monticolomys	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Fieldiana Zool., N.S. vol.85 p.233	Monticolomys koopmani Carleton and Goodman, 1996.				Sister genus to Macrotarsomys according to morphological (Carleton and Goodman, 1996) and molecular (Jansa et al., 1999) information.	
13802420	Myotis formosus subsp. tsuensis	Kuroda 1922	SUBSPECIES		tsuensis	formosus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13000141	Nesomys	Peters 1870	GENUS					Nesomys	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr., Berlin p.54	Nesomys rufus Peters, 1870.	Hallomys  Jentink, 1879.			Major (1897) synonymized Jentinks (1879a) Hallomys (type species = H. audeberti) under Nesomys and allocated the genus to the Cricetinae, as did Ellerman (1941). Sister genus of Brachyuromys according to phylogenetic interpretation of mitochondrial DNA sequences (Jansa et al., 1999). Ellerman (1941, 1949) accepted audeberti and lambertoni as species as described, but F. Petter (1972c, 1975a) arranged them as subspecies of N. rufus, synonymies observed in systematic checklists (Corbet and Hill, 1991; Honacki et al., 1982; Musser and Carleton, 1993). Carleton and Schmidt (1990) indicated that each is morphologically highly distinctive, and Ryan et al. (1993) encountered N. audeberti and N. rufus in sympatry. Distributions, ecology, and behavior reviewed by Ryan (2003).	
13000142	Nesomys audeberti	Jentink 1879	SPECIES			audeberti		Nesomys	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Notes Leyden Mus. vol.1879 p.107			Low to middle elevation rain forest, sea level-1000 m, from vicinity of Antongil Bay to Vohimena Mtns, E Madagascar.		Carleton and Schmidt (1990:18) discussed the indeterminate nature of Audeberts collecting localities.	White-bellied Nesomys
13000143	Nesomys lambertoni	G. Grandidier 1928	SPECIES			lambertoni		Nesomys	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Bull. Acad. Malgache, Nouv. Ser. vol.11 p.95			Documented only from the type locality, WC Madagascar, but certainly more widely distributed in the west.		So far known by only three specimens.	Western Nesomys
13000144	Nesomys rufus	Peters 1870	SPECIES			rufus		Nesomys	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Sitb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin p.55			Broadly distributed in montane forest, 900-2300 m, from the Northern Highlands to the southern Anosyenne Mtns, E Madagascar.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Rufous Nesomys
13000145	Voalavo	Carleton and Goodman 1998	GENUS					Voalavo	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Fieldiana Zool., N.S. vol.90 p.182	Voalavo gymnocaudus Carleton and Goodman, 1998.				Sister genus to Eliurus based on morphological features (Carleton and Goodman, 1998). Generic status questioned by phylogenetic study of cytochrome b data, in which Voalavo gymnocaudus is grouped as sister species to Eliurus grandidieri, the two forming a basal clade to all other Eliurus (Jansa et al., 1999).	
13000146	Voalavo gymnocaudus	Carleton and Goodman 1998	SPECIES			gymnocaudus		Voalavo	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Fieldiana Zool., N.S. vol.85 p.182			Upper montane and sclerophyllous forest of the Anjanaharibe-Sud and Marojejy massifs, 1250-1950 m, N Madagascar; may occur on other mountains in the Northern Highlands.			Naked-tailed Voalavo
13300008	Felovia vae	Lataste 1886	SPECIES			vae		Felovia	Ctenodactylidae	Rodentia	Le Naturaliste vol.7 36 p.287			Senegal, Mauritania, Mali.	IUCN  Vulnerable; see also Schlitter (1989).		Felou Gundi
13000147	Petromyscinae	Roberts 1951	SUBFAMILY						Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Mammals of South Africa p.434					<p>Emended definitionSmall-bodied (76-112 mm), terrestrial muroids with large ears, short limbs, short hind feet and digits, hairy tail (caudal hairs as long as 2-3 scale rows) equal to or moderately longer than head and body, and two pairs inguinal mammae; front feet with stubby thumb and four clawed digits (two outer nearly as long as the two inner); hind foot with five clawed digits (first very short, next three subequal in length, fifth slightly shorter) and full complement of plantar pads (hypothenar much smaller than thenar); pelage long, soft and silky; rostrum long and slender, interorbit broad and smooth, braincase wide and flat without temporal ridging; zygomatic plate wide with prominent projecting anterior spine (deep zygomatic notch) and inconspicuous masseteric tubercle; incisive foramina narrow and reaching anterior margins of M1s or extending beyond them, posterior palatine foramina at middle of M2s; bony palate wide and projecting past posterior margin of M3s to form ... [truncated]	
13000148	Petromyscus	Thomas 1926	GENUS					Petromyscus	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.17 p.179	Praomys collinus Thomas and Hinton, 1925.				Most faunal lists, either with or without reservations, have recognized only two species (Ellerman et al., 1953; Meester et al., 1986; Misonne, 1974). We retain our earlier arrangement (Musser and Carleton, 1993), based on study of museum specimens and original descriptions, and continue to recognize four morphologically distinctive species, a conclusion also recorded by Skinner and Smithers (1990). Comprehensive systematic revision should be undertaken.	
13000149	Petromyscus barbouri	Shortridge and Carter 1938	SPECIES			barbouri		Petromyscus	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Ann. S. Afr. Mus. vol.32 p.288			Known only from rocky areas in the Springbok and Kamiesberg regions and Loeriesfontein area in Little Namaqualand, W Northern Cape Prov., South Africa; limits unknown.	IUCN  Least Concern.	Reviewed by Skinner and Smithers (1990) and de Graaff (1997ii). Although listed as a subspecies of P. collinus (Meester et al., 1986), P. barbouri can be separated by the diagnostic short and bicolored tail, as noted by Shortridge and Carter (1938), its smaller skull and relatively shorter rostrum, much shorter molar rows, and lack of postaxillary teats.	Barbours Pygmy Rock Mouse
13000187	Chionomys nivalis	Martins 1842	SPECIES			nivalis		Chionomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Rev. Zool. Paris p.331		abulensis  (Agacino, 1936); aleco Paspalev, Martino and Peshev, 1952; alpinus (Wagner, 1843); appenninicus (Dal Piaz, 1929); aquitanius (Miller, 1908); cedrorum Spitzenberger, 1973; dementievi (Heptner, 1939); hermonis (Miller, 1908); lebruni (Crespon, 1844); leucurus (Gerbe, 1852) [not Blyth, 1863]; loginovi (Ognev, 1950); malyi (Bolkay, 1925); mirhanreini (Schäfer, 1935); nivicola (Schinz, 1845); olympius (Neuhäuser, 1936); petrophilus (Wagner, 1853); pontius (Miller, 1908); radnensis (Ehik, 1942); satunini (Shidlovsky, 1919); spitzenbergerae Nadachowski, 1990; trialeticus (Shidlovsky, 1919); ulpius (Miller, 1908); wagneri Martino, 1940.	Mountains of S Europe (Pyrenees, the Alps, the Carpathians, Balkan mountains, Pindhos Range and Mt Olimbos), east to Turkey, W Caucasus (Armenia, Georgia), Lebanon, W Syria, Zagros and Elburz Mtns of W and N Iran, and Kopet Dag of S Turkmenistan.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	<p>European populations reviewed by Krapp (1982a) and Mitchell-Jones et al. (1999), those in Russia and nearby regions by Gromov and Erbajeva (1995). Other regional and geopolitical accounts of distribution and taxonomy include the Navarra region, N Spain (Castien and Gosalbez, 1992, as Microtus nivalis); Switzerland (Hausser, 1995; Maurizio, 1994); Italy (Amori et al., 1999), especially N Italy (Cantini, 1991; Cresti et al., 1994; Locatelli and Paolucci, 1996a, b; Paolucci et al., 1993); Alpic, Dinaric, and Shara-Pindic mountain systems in Serbia and Montenegro (Petrov, 1992); Slovakia (Moanský, 1994; Stanko and Moanský, 1994, 2000); Slovenia (Krytufek, 1991); Turkey (Krytufek, 1999c); Greece (Niethammer, 1987b); the Middle East (Harrison and Bates, 1991); and Iran (Lay, 1967).</p><p>Kratochvíl (1981a) analyzed intraspecific variation among Carpathian samples and reviewed European and Turkish subspecies. The subspecies spitzenber... [truncated]	European Snow Vole
13000150	Petromyscus collinus	Thomas and Hinton 1925	SPECIES			collinus		Petromyscus	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1925 p.237		bruchus (Thomas and Hinton, 1925); capensis Shortridge and Carter, 1938; kaokoensis Roberts, 1938; kurzi Lehmann, 1955; namibensis Roberts, 1948; rufus Lundholm, 1955; variabilis Lundholm, 1955.	SW Angola (along the Inselberge belt between Namib and mopani areas; Crawford-Cabral, 1966b, 1998) and Kaokoveld region in N Namibia, south through Namibia, to W Limpopo of South Africa south of the Orange River in Goodhouse and Pella areas; also recorded from Western Cape Prov.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Skinner and Smithers (1990) and de Graaff (1997jj). Roberts (1951) listed capensis, known only from Goodhouse, as a species, and Meester et al. (1986) treated it as a full synonym of P. collinus barbouri. In arranging capensis as a subspecies of P. collinus, however, Shortridge and Carter (1938) properly reflected its affinity and appreciated that its morphology is unlike P. barbouri, which they described in the same paper and knew well. Roberts (1951) also treated bruchus (S Namibia, Great Brukkaros Mtn) as a separate species, merging the northern shortridgei as a subspecies. The latter is clearly a species separate from P. collinus (see comments under shortridgei), but the status of bruchus will have to be illuminated in a revision; the few specimens we have seen from Great Brukkaros Mtn are examples of P. collinus.	Pygmy Rock Mouse
13000151	Petromyscus monticularis	Thomas and Hinton 1925	SPECIES			monticularis		Petromyscus	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1925 p.238			S Namibia (vicinity of type locality and south of there between Aus region in the west and South African border near Rietfontein area in the east) and N South Africa (extreme Northern Cape Prov. on south bank of the Orange River at Augrabies Falls; USNM 452333).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Geographic limits of this distinctive species have yet to be determined. Reviewed by de Graaff (1997kk), who claimed that it was known only from vicinity of the Great Brukkaros Mtn but speculated that the range may extend southward into the Northern Cape Prov.	Brukkaros Pygmy Rock Mouse
13000161	Alticola barakshin	Bannikov 1947	SPECIES			barakshin	Alticola	Alticola	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bull. Moscow Soc. Nat., Biol. vol.52 4 p.217			Low to middle altitudes in Tuva region (Kyzyl Valley), Russia; southward through Gobi and Mongol Altais, rocky outcrops over transAltai Gobi Desert and Barun Khurai Valley, to S Mongolia and adjacent China (Hou et al., 1995).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Alticola. Included in A. stoliczkanus by Corbet (1978c) and Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987). Subsequently revised as species and morphologically contrasted with the geographically adjacent A. semicanus in N Mongolia and A. stoliczkanus in China (Rossolimo et al., 1988, 1994; Rossolimo and Pavlinov, 1992; those authors described the range overlap of A. barakshin and A. tuvinicus and the possibile contact between the former and A. argentatus. Chromosomal data provided by Yatsenko (1980).	Gobi Altai Mountain Vole
13000152	Petromyscus shortridgei	Thomas 1926	SPECIES			shortridgei		Petromyscus	Nesomyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1926 p.302			W and S Angola and N Namibia (S to Erongo Mtns and Okahandja region); limits unknown.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Skinner and Smithers (1990) and de Graaff (1997ll). Roberts (1951) treated shortridgei as a subspecies of P. bruchus, and Meester et al. (1986) listed it as a subspecies of P. collinus. However, Thomas species description correctly expressed the distinctness of the animal; also see Schlitter (in Meester et al., 1986) and Skinner and Smithers (1990). The larger size of P. shortridgei, darker fur with a less silky texture, and lack of postaxillary teats clearly separate it from P. collinus, a judgement based upon AMNH and FMNH specimens, which also inform our estimate of its geographic range. Crawford-Cabral (1998) recorded P. shortridgei only from the vicinity of Ruacana Falls, S Angola near the Namibia border, and speculated that the specimen (AMNH 81915) from farther north at Coporolo represented P. collinus. External and cranial morphology of the Coporolo specimen fal... [truncated]	Shortridges Pygmy Rock Mouse
13000173	Arborimus longicaudus	True 1890	SPECIES			longicaudus		Arborimus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus. vol.13 p.303		silvicola  (A. B. Howell, 1921).	Coastal area and Western Cascade Mtns, W Oregon (Verts and Carraway, 1998:Fig. 11-106), USA.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Although Howell (1926) recognized silvicola as a nominal species, subsequent research has favored its synonymy under A. longicaudus (Johnson, 1968), where it has been maintained as a subspecies (Hall, 1981; Johnson and George, 1991). Formerly included populations in California assigned to the new species A. pomo (see next account). See Hayes (1996, Mammalian Species, 532).	Red Tree Vole
13000153	Cricetidae	Fischer 1817	FAMILY						Cricetidae	Rodentia	Mém. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscow vol.5 p.372					<p>The cricetid-murid question has persisted as the dominant theme, or uncertainty, involving the higher level classification of muroid rodents over the past century (see summaries in Carleton, 1980, and Carleton and Musser, 1984): in essence, should the various subfamilies be approximately equally apportioned between Cricetidae and Muridae (Miller and Gidley, 1918; Simpson, 1945) or should most be placed under an all encompassing Muridae (Alston, 1876; Ellerman, 1940; Thomas, 1896even these studies, however, accorded the fossorially specialized forms separate familial rank; i.e., the spalacines, rhizomyines, and myospalacines in various combinations). While the inclusive view of Muridae has gained acceptance over the latter half of the 20th century (Hershkovitz, 1962; Hooper and Musser, 1964a; McKenna and Bell, 1997), there are notable departures (Chaline et al., 1977; Lavocat, 1978), and Reig (1980, 1981, 1984), in particular, has steadfastly espoused recognition of a separat... [truncated]	
13000167	Alticola semicanus	G. M. Allen 1924	SPECIES			semicanus	Alticola	Alticola	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.133 p.6		alleni  Argyropulo, 1933.	S Tuva region, Russia, throughout most of N and C Mongolia to adjacent Nei Mongol, N China.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Alticola. Originally described as a subspecies of Microtus worthingtoni and listed as a subspecies of Alticola worthingtoni by Ellerman (1941); later synonymized with A. roylei (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; Corbet, 1978c) or A. argentatus (see taxonomic history in Rossolimo and Pavlinov, 1992). Reinstatement as a species (Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987) vindicated by the revisions of Rossolimo et al. (1988, 1994), and Rossolimo and Pavlinov (1992). The geographic range of A. semicanus approaches but does not overlap A. tuvinicus and A. bararshin; Rossolimo and Pavlinov (1992) morphologically contrasted the latter two and A. semicanus.	Mongolian Mountain Vole
13400362	Ctenomys tulduco	Thomas 1921	SPECIES			tulduco		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.8 p.218			Sierra Tontal, San Juan Prov., Argentina		Included in fulvus by Cabrera (1961), but considered provisionally distinct by Contreras et al. (1977) and listed as a distinct species by Galliari et al. (1996).	Sierra Tontal Tuco-tuco
13000154	Arvicolinae	Gray 1821	SUBFAMILY						Cricetidae	Rodentia	Lond. Med. Repos. vol.15 p.303		Alticoli Gromov, 1977; Arvicolidae Gray, 1821 (Arvicolina Bonaparte, 1837; Arvicolini Giebe, 1855; Arvicolinae Baird, 1857; Arvicolae Winge, 1887; Arvicolini Kretzoi, 1955, unnecessary naming); Braminae Miller and Gidley, 1918; Clethrionomyini Hooper and Hart, 1962 (Clethrionomyi Gromov, 1977; Clethriomyina Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987); Dicrostonychini Kretzoi, 1955 (Dicrostonyxini Gromov, 1972; Dicrostonychinae Chaline, 1973; Dicrostonychina Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987); Dolomyinae Chaline, 1975; Ellobiusini Gill, 1872, justified emendation by Pavlinov et al., 1995a  (Ellobiinae Gill, 1872, not Ellobiinae Adams, 1858; Ellobii Weber, 1928; Ellobiini Simpson, 1945); Fibrini Mehely, 1914; Lagurini Kretzoi, 1955 (Lagurina Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987); Lemnina Gray, 1825 (Lemmi Miller, 1896; Lemmini Simpson, 1945; Lemminae Kretzoi, 1955); Microtidae Cope, 1891 (Microtinae Miller, 1896; Microti Miller, 1896; Microtini Simpson, 1945); Myodini Kretzoi, 1969; Neofibrini Hooper and Hart, 1962; Ondatrini Gray, 1825 (Ondatrini Kretzoi, 1955, unnecessary naming; Ondatrinae Repenning, 1982; Ondatrina Pavlinov et al., 1995); Phenacomyini Zagorodnyuk, 1990 (nomen nudum); Pitymyini Repenning, 1983; Pliomyini Kretzoi, 1969 (Pliomyini Chaline, 1975, unnecessary naming; Pliomyi Gromov, 1977); Pliophenacomyini Repenning, Fejfar, and Heinrich, 1990; Prometheomyinae Kretzoi, 1955 (Prometheomyini Hooper and Hart, 1962; Prometheomyina Pavlinov et al., 1995); Synaptomyini Koenigswald and L. D. Martin, 1984.			<p>See Kretzoi (1955, 1962, 1969) for family-group priority of Arvicolidae Gray, 1821, instead of Microti Miller, 1896. Although some have intentionally maintained the latter name (e.g., Repenning, 1992, 1998), a group concept of arvicoline rodents, recognized as Arvicolinae, actually had emerged long prior to Millers (1896) seminal monograph (e.g., Baird, 1857; Coues, 1874; Murray, 1866; Alston, 1876; Lataste, 1887). Carleton and Musser (1984) generally defined and reviewed the limits and contents of the subfamily. Hintons (1926a) classic monograph, although never completed, still remains the most authoritative systematic, morphological, and biogeographic review for many genera. Synthetic taxonomic treatments are available for broad regions, including the Palearctic (Agadzhanyan and Yatsenko, 1984; Corbet, 1978c, 1984; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951), Eurasia (Gromov and Erbajeva, 1995; Gromov and Polyakov, 1977; Ognev, 1963, 1964; Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987; Pavl... [truncated]	
13000514	Reithrodontomys spectabilis	Jones and Lawlor 1965	SPECIES			spectabilis	Aporodon	Reithrodontomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.16 p.413			Restricted to Cozumel Isl, México.	IUCN  Endangered.	Subgenus Aporodon, mexicanus species group. A large insular species, posited to share common ancestry with R. gracilis (Jones and Lawlor, 1965), a relationship generally supported by allozymic data (Arellano et al., 2003). See Jones (1982, Mammalian Species, 193).	Cozumel Harvest Mouse
13000155	Alticola	Blanford 1881	GENUS					Alticola	Cricetidae	Rodentia	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.50 p.96	Arvicola stoliczkanus Blanford, 1875.	Aschizomys  Miller, 1899; Platycranius Kastschenko, 1901.			<p>Myodini. Or placed in subtribe Myodina, Prometheomyini (Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1998; Pavlinov et al., 1995a). Alticola is broadly related to Myodes, an affinity early acknowledged by Hooper and Hart (1962), who associated Alticola with Clethrionomys (= Myodes), Eothenomys, Hyperacrius, Dinaromys, and Phenacomys in Clethrionomyini, a grouping later supported by Gromov and Polyakov (1977) and Mezhzherin et al. (1995). Appendicular myological and osteological traits reinforce the monophyly of Alticola and its close association with Myodes and Eothenomys (Stein, 1987). We follow Gromov and Polyakov (1977) and others (Hille and Stubbe, 1996; Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987; Pavlinov et al., 1995a) who recognize the subgenera Alticola, Aschizomys, and Platycranius.</p><p>Alticola is implicated as polyphyletic in DNA-DNA hybridization studies that disclose Alticola... [truncated]	
13000156	Alticola	Blanford 1881	SUBGENUS				Alticola	Alticola	Cricetidae	Rodentia	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.50 p.96	Arvicola stoliczkanus Blanford, 1875.					
13000157	Aschizomys	Miller 1899	SUBGENUS				Aschizomys	Alticola	Cricetidae	Rodentia							
13000158	Platycranius	Kastschenko 1901	SUBGENUS				Platycranius	Alticola	Cricetidae	Rodentia							
13000159	Alticola albicaudus	True 1894	SPECIES			albicaudus	Alticola	Alticola	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus. vol.17 p.12		acmaeus  Schwarz, 1939.	Himalayan portions of Baltistan (Braldu Valley, Nahr Nulla) and Ladakh (Phyang Nulla), NW India (Rossolimo and Pavlinov, 1992; Rossolimo et al., 1994).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Alticola, A. roylei-A. argentatus species group (Rossolimo and Pavlinov, 1992). Although usually included in A. roylei (Corbet, 1978c; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; Gromov and Polyakov, 1977), Hinton (1926a) earlier pointed out the diagnostic specific traits of albicaudus. Rossolimo and Pavlinov (1992) verified this ranking, fully redescribed the species, and contrasted it with morphologically similar forms. Schwarzs (1939) acmaeus represents another population of A. albicaudus (Rossolimo and Pavlinov, 1992; our study of holotype).	White-tailed Mountain Vole
13000165	Alticola olchonensis	Litvinov 1960	SPECIES			olchonensis	Aschizomys	Alticola	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Zool. Zhurn. vol.39 12 p.1889		baicalensis  Litvinov, 1961.	Endemic to Olkhon and Ogoi Isls, Lake Baikal.		Subgenus Aschizomys. Originally described as a species, later included in A. tuvinicus (Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987; Rossolimo, 1988; Rossolimo and Pavlinov, 1992), and eventually reinstated as species (Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1998; Pavlinov et al., 1995a). Gromov and Polyakov (1977) suggested that olchonensis belonged in Aschizomys, as did Litinov (1960), but all subsequent revisions and checklists have associated olchonensis with the subgenus Alticola. Pavlinov (2002, in litt.) indicated that olchonensis does not belong in A. tuvinicus and should be returned to Aschizomys following the original describer. Both its specific status and subgeneric relationships deserve reassessment.	Lake Baikal Mountain Vole
13000757	Oecomys paricola	Thomas 1904	SPECIES			paricola		Oecomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.14 p.194			C Brazil south of the Amazon River; range limits uncertain.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Formerly included auyantepui according to Musser and Carleton (1993), that form elevated to species by Voss et al. (2001).	Brazilian Oecomys
13000180	Blanfordimys afghanus	Thomas 1912	SPECIES			afghanus		Blanfordimys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.9 p.349		afganensis Agadzhanyan and Yatsenko, 1984; balchanensis (Heptner and Shukurov, 1950); dangarinensis Golenishchev and Sablina, 1991.	High steppes and semi-desert in S Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and C Afghanistan; isolated population in Great Balkhan Mtns on E coast of Caspian Sea.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Taxonomy and distribution of Afghanistan populations reported by Niethammer (1970) and Hassinger (1973), karyotype (2n = 58, FN = 60 or 61) documented by Lyapunova and Zagorodnyuk (1990), and morphometric and karyological analyses provided by Golenishchev and Sablina (1991), who recognized three subspecies.	Afghan Vole
13802404	Myotis emarginatus subsp. desertorum	Dobson 1875	SUBSPECIES		desertorum	emarginatus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13000160	Alticola argentatus	Severtzov 1879	SPECIES			argentatus	Alticola	Alticola	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Izv. Soc. Nat. Anthrop. Etnogr. vol.8 2 p.82		alaica  Rosanov, 1935; argurus (Thomas, 1909); blanfordi (Scully, 1880); gracilis Kashkarov, 1923; lahulius Hinton, 1926; leucurus (Severtsov, 1873) [not Gerbe, 1852]; longicauda Kashkarov, 1923; longicaudata Ognev, 1950; parvidens Schlitter and Setzer, 1973; phasma Miller, 1912; rosanovi Ognev, 1940; saurica Afanasiev and Bazhanov, 1948; shnitnikovi Ognev, 1940; severtzovi (Tichomirov and Korchagin, 1889); subluteus Thomas, 1914; tarasovi Rossolimo and Pavlinov, 1992; villosa Kashkarov, 1923; worthingtoni Miller, 1906.	Tien Shan mountains from Xinjiang in NW China (Ma et al., 1987); southwest through mountains of E Kazakhstan (Dzhungarskiy Alatau and other highlands) and Kyrgyzstan (Talasskiy Alatau and other local ranges); to Pamir Mtns of S Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, NW India (Agrawal, 2000, discussed under A. blanfordi), and the Hindu Kush of NW Pakistan and N Afghanistan; not present in Tibet or Himalayas.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Alticola, A. roylei-A. argentatus species group. Included under A. roylei by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) and Corbet (1978c), but separated as a species by Rossolimo (1989) and Rossolimo and Pavlinov (1992). Rossolimo and Pavlinov (1992) speculated that A. argentatus descended from a Himalayan form morphologically similar to A. roylei, and in turn was the ancestor to northern A. tuvinicus. Trait-frequency data of m1s and M3s among 10 geographic samples documented by Tokmergenov (1992); M3 variation analyzed with geometric techniques by Pavlinov et al. (1994). See Rossolimo et al. (1994) for recognized subspecies.	Silver Mountain Vole
13000162	Alticola lemminus	Miller 1898	SPECIES			lemminus	Aschizomys	Alticola	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.1898 p.369		lemniscus  (Satunin, 1908); vicina Portenko, 1963; yakutensis Vasileva, 1993 [nomen nudum].	NE Siberia from Chukotskiy (Chukotka) Peninsula to Kamchatka, westward through the Kolyma Plateau (Khrebei Kolymskiv) to N, C, and S Yakutskaya (the River Lena basin from the Laptev Sea Coast to the Olekma River).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>Subgenus Aschizomys. Stature as species and genus-group allocation highly varied. Retained in Aschizomys as genus by Ellerman (1941). Corbet (1978c) transferred lemminus to Eothenomys, but Russian workers continue to refer it to Alticola (Gromov and Polyakov, 1977; Ognev, 1964; Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987). Earlier, Hinton (1926a:279) recognized Aschizomys but speculated that the species is a member of the Myodes rufocanus group; Miller (1940a:94) identified the holotype as "nothing more than an alcohol-discolored specimen of the extreme East Asian representative of Myodes rufocanus," an opinion followed by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951). Some have treated lemminus as a subspecies of A. macrotis (Bolshakov et al., 1985; Gromov and Baranova, 1981; Gromov and Erbajeva, 1995; Gromov and Polyakov, 1977), whereas others have maintained the two as separate (Musser and Carleton, 1993; Pav... [truncated]	Lemming Mountain Vole
13000163	Alticola macrotis	Radde 1862	SPECIES			macrotis	Aschizomys	Alticola	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Reise in den Suden von Ost-Sibierien vol.1 p.196		altaica  Vinogadov, 1933; fetisovi Galkina and Epifantseva, 1988; vinogradovi Rasorenova, 1933.	Altai of extreme NW Xinjiang and S Siberia, eastward through Tuvinskaya (Tuva region) and Sayan Mtns, to highlands in Lake Baikal region.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Aschizomys. Closely related to the northern A. lemminus (see above), and either not allocated to subgenus (Ellerman, 1941), placed it in the subgenus Alticola (Ognev, 1964), or considered under the subgenus Aschizomys (Gromov and Erbajeva, 1995; Gromov and Polyakov, 1977; Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987). Galkina and Epifantseva (1988) described fetisovi as species, but others have included it in A. macrotis or considered its status unclear (Vasileva, 1999); Pavlinov et al. (1995a) and Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1998) persuasively treated fetisovi as a synonym. Chromosomal variation reported by Bolshakov et al. (1985).	Large-eared Mountain Vole
13000164	Alticola montosa	True 1894	SPECIES			montosa	Alticola	Alticola	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus. vol.17 p.11		imitator (Bonhote, 1905).	Jammu and Kashmir, ca. 2450-4000 m (Agrawal, 2000; Hinton, 1926a; Rossolimo and Pavlinov, 1992).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Subgenus Alticola, A. roylei-A. argentatus species group (Rossolimo and Pavlinov, 1992). Usually incorporated in A. roylei (Corbet, 1978c; Gromov and Polyakov, 1977), but the diagnostic traits of montosa clearly distinguish it from geographically adjacent roylei, as Hinton (1926a) long ago noted and Rossolimo and Pavlinov (1992) verified. Reviewed by Agrawal (2000).	Kashmir Mountain Vole
13000166	Alticola roylei	Gray 1842	SPECIES			roylei	Alticola	Alticola	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. [ser. 1] vol.10 p.265		cautus Hinton, 1926.	W Himalayas, 2600-3900 m, from Kulu Valley in Himachal Pradesh to N Kumaon in Uttar Pradesh, N India (Agrawal, 2000).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Alticola. Once considered the broadest-ranging species of Alticola in central Asia, encompassing A. argentatus and many of its synonyms (Corbet, 1978c; Ellerman, 1961; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951). With removal of the latter (Rossolimo, 1989; Rossolimo and Pavlinov, 1992), the geographic and morphological definition of A. roylei conforms to that presented by Hinton (1926a) and Ellerman (1941).	Royles Mountain Vole
13000168	Alticola stoliczkanus	Blanford 1875	SPECIES			stoliczkanus	Alticola	Alticola	Cricetidae	Rodentia	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.44 p.107		acrophilus  (Miller, 1899); bhatnagari Biswas and Khajuria, 1955; cricetulus (Miller, 1899); kaznakovi (Satunin, 1903); lama (Barret-Hamilton, 1900); nanschanicus (Satunin, 1903); stracheyi (Thomas, 1880).	N India (Jammu, Kashmir; Himachal Pradesh; Agrawal, 2000), Nepal and N Sikkim, northward through Xizang (Tibet) to Kunlun Shan in S Xinjiang and Qinghai, N China (Zhang et al., 1997); probably does not extend farther north than the Nan Shan and Qilian Shan (Rossilimo and Pavlinov, 1992; Rossilimo et al., 1994).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as A. stoliczkanus and A. stracheyi.	Subgenus Alticola. The taxon stracheyi was conventionally included in A. stoliczkanus (Schwarz, 1939; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; Gromov and Polyakov, 1977; Corbet, 1978c; Rossolimo and Pavlinov, 1992) until reinstated as a species by Feng et al. (1986), as earlier arranged by Hinton (1926a) and Ellerman (1941). Rossolimo and Pavlinov (1992) tentatively recognized three geographic clusters: one centered in Kashmir (typical stoliczkanus), another along S Himalayan slopes from Nepal to Sikkim (bhatnagari), and the last ranging over Tibet and Kuen Lun Shan (lama). We follow their synonymy but emphasize that inquiries into the taxonomic significance of this geographic variation are warranted.	Stoliczkas Mountain Vole
13000169	Alticola strelzowi	Kastchenko 1899	SPECIES			strelzowi	Platycranius	Alticola	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Izv. Imp. Tomsk. Univ. vol.16 p.50		depressus  (Ognev, 1944); desertorum (Kastschenko, 1901); desertorum Ognev, 1950.	Altai of NW Mongolia, Siberia, and Xinjiang in NW China (Ma et al., 1987), west through Kazakhstan to Karaganda region.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Platycranius. Citations and synonyms are discussed by Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987) and Gromov and Erbajeva (1995).	Strelzows Mountain Vole
13000538	Aepeomys reigi	Ochoa G., Aguilera, Pacheco, and Soriano 2001	SPECIES			reigi		Aepeomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Z. Saugetierk. vol.66 p.230			Venezuelan Andes (Lara and Trujillo), 1600-3230 m, W Venezuela.		Morphologically similar to A. lugens but size larger and chromosomal formula very different, 2n =44 versus 2n = 28 in A. lugens (Aguilera et al., 1994, 2000).	Reigs Aepeomys
13000170	Alticola tuvinicus	Ognev 1950	SPECIES			tuvinicus	Alticola	Alticola	Cricetidae	Rodentia	[Mammals of USSR and Adjacent Countries] vol.7 p.520		khubsugulensis  Litvinov, 1973; kosogol Litvinov, 1973.	Discontinuous in the Altai of Russia and NW Mongolia, east through Tuva region and N part of Khubsugul Lake Valley, to SW shore of Lake Bailkal (Rossolimo et al., 1988; Rossolimo and Pavlinov, 1992).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Alticola, A. roylei-A. argentatus species group (Rossolimo and Pavlinov, 1992). Originally described as a species, as regarded by Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987), then synonymized under the ubiquitous A. roylei (Corbet, 1978c), or listed as a subspecies of A. argentatus (Gromov and Erbajeva, 1995). Thoroughly revised by Rossolimo et al. (1988) and Rossolimo and Pavlinov (1992), who recognized kosogol and olchonensis as subspecies (latter now a species; see account). Rossolimo and Pavlinov (1992) noted that A. tuvinicus has the northernmost distribution of any in the subgenus Alticola and overlaps the range of A. barakshin in NW Mongolia and SW Tuva; southern range is separated from A. argentatus by the broad Zayson depression between Kazakhstan and NW China. They considered A. tuvinicus to be descended from a form similar to A. argentatus, its closest relative.	Tuva Mountain Vole
13000171	Arborimus	Taylor 1915	GENUS					Arborimus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. California Acad. Sci., ser. 4 vol.5 p.119	Phenacomys longicaudus True, 1890.	Paraphenacomys  Repenning and Grady, 1988.			Phenacomyine (see remarks under Phenacomys). Described as a subgenus of Phenacomys and conventionally recognized as such or as a complete synonym (Carleton and Musser, 1984; Hall, 1981; Howell, 1926). Evidence for generic stature marshalled by Johnson (1968, 1973), but opinion on the validity of this rank has vacillated in recent systematic works (yes, as per George, 1999, Jones et al., 1997, and Musser and Carleton, 1993; no, as per McKenna and Bell, 1997, Repenning and Grady, 1988, and Verts and Carraway, 1998). Whether Arborimus is most closely related to Phenacomys or to some other arvicoline has not been cladistically substantiated with sampling that includes problematic species like albipes and other archaic arvicolines; the methodologies and critical information bases are here, but an informative sampling design must be assembled. Specific and subspecific classification basically set forth by Howell (1926) and Hall and Cockrum (1953), as part o... [truncated]	
13000172	Arborimus albipes	Merriam 1901	SPECIES			albipes		Arborimus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.14 p.125			Pacific coastal zone south of Columbia River, from W Oregon to extreme NW California, USA.	IUCN  Data Deficient.	More generalized terrestrial form and habits have suggested a closer relationship to Phenacomys intermedius (e.g., Hall, 1981, placed albipes and intermedius together in subgenus Phenacomys). Johnson and Maser (1982) enumerated character states that instead support closer congruence of albipes with species of Arborimus. However, see Repenning and Grady (1988), who diagnosed the subgenus Paraphenacomys of Phenacomys to contain albipes, which they viewed as more distantly related to the sister species intermedius and longicaudus; Paraphenacomys is known by fossil forms from the late Pliocene of North America and Beringian Asia (Repenning and Grady, 1988; Repenning et al., 1987). See Verts and Carraway (1995, Mammalian Species, 494).	White-footed Vole
13000181	Blanfordimys bucharensis	Vinogradov 1930	SPECIES			bucharensis		Blanfordimys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Rukovodstvok opredeleniyu gryzunov Srednei Azii [Key to Determine Rodents of Central Asia] p.45		bucharicus  (Vinogradov, 1931); davydovi Golenishchev and Sablina, 1991.	Mountains of SW Tajikistan, possibly N Afghanistan; limits unresolved.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Reviewed by Gromov and Erbajeva (1995). Ellerman (1941) listed bucharensis as species, but it is usually included in afghanus (Corbet, 1978c; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; Ognev, 1964; Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987). Morphometric analyses and chromosomal complement (2n = 48, FN = 52) indicate that bucharensis is distinct, with two morphological and geographical components, one newly described as the subspecies davydovi (Golenishchev and Sablina, 1991). See Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987:195) for use of bucharensis instead of bucharicus.	Bucharian Vole
13000175	Arvicola	Lacepede 1799	GENUS					Arvicola	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Tab. Div. Subd. Orders Genres Mammifères p.10	Mus amphibius Linnaeus, 1758.	Alviceola  de Blainville, 1817; Hemiotomys de Sélys Longchamps, 1836; Ochetomys Fitzinger, 1867; Paludicola Blasius, 1857 [not Wagner, 1830, or Hodgson, 1837]; Praticola Fatio, 1867 [not Swainson, 1837].			<p>Arvicolini, subtribe Arvicolina (Pavlinov et al., 1995a). Arvicola is phylogenetically close to Microtus (Burgos et al., 1989; Chaline and Graf, 1988; Graf, 1982; Mezhzherin et al., 1993). Excludes the North American Microtus richardsoni (see that account), placed in Arvicola by Hooper and Hart (1962).</p><p>Heinrich (1990) hypothesized that Arvicola evolved from the extinct Mimomys, a view already presented by Hinton (1926a). Many studies summarize the rich European fossil history, with differing emphases on the transition leading from Pliocene Mimomys or Cromeromys to the early Pleistocene Mimomys savini, and eventually to modern species of Arvicola (Chaline, 1990; Chaline et al., 1999; Desclaux et al., 2000; Maul et al., 2000; Neraudeau et al., 1995; Rekovets, 1990). The European middle Pleistocene A. mosbachensis is the oldest species of Arvicola, as known to date, from which the li... [truncated]	
13000393	Megadontomys	Merriam 1898	GENUS					Megadontomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.12 p.115	Peromyscus thomasi Merriam, 1898.				Reithrodontomyini. Used variably as a genus until Osgood (1909) stabilized its taxonomic ranking as a subgenus of Peromyscus, and so followed by Hooper and Musser (1964b) and Hooper (1968). Carleton (1980, 1989) viewed the relationships and differentiation of Megadontomys at the generic level (but see Rogers, 1983). Aspects of morphology studied by Carleton (1973, 1980), Hooper and Musser (1964b), and Linzey and Layne (1969, 1974). Karyological affinities evaluated by Rogers (1983), Rogers et al. (1984), and Stangl and Baker (1984). Werbitsky and Kilpatrick (1987) reported relatively low levels of genetic similarity among the nominal forms.	
13000176	Arvicola amphibius	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			amphibius		Arvicola	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.61		abbotti Hinton, 1910; abrukensis Reinwaldt, 1927; americana Gray, 1842; antiquus Pomel, 1853; aquaticus (Cuvier, 1817); aquaticus (Billberg, 1827); argyropus Cabrera, 1901; armenius (Thomas, 1907); ater (Billberg, 1827); ater Macgillivray, 1832; bactonensis Hinton, 1926; barabensis (Heptner, 1948); brigantium Thomas, 1928; cantiana Hinton, 1910; caucasicus Ognev, 1933; cernjavskii Petrov, 1949; chosaricus Alexandrova, 1976; cubanensis Ognev, 1933; destructor Savi, 1839; djukovi Ognev and Formosov, 1927; ferrugineus Ognev, 1933; fuliginosus de Sélys Longchamps, 1845 [nomen nudum]; gracilis Heller, 1955; greenii Hinton, 1926; hintoni Aharoni, 1932; hunasensis Carls, 1986; hyperryphaeus (Heptner, 1948); illyricus (Barrett-Hamilton, 1899); italicus Savi, 1839; jacutensis Ognev, 1933; jenissijensis Ognev, 1933; kalmankensis Zaigin, 1980; karatshaicus (Heptner, 1948); korabensis Martino, 1937; kuruschi Heptner and Formosov, 1928; kuznetzovi Ognev, 1933; littoralis (Billberg, 1827); martinoi Petrov, 1949; moenana Heller, 1969; meridionalis Ognev, 1922; minor de Sélys Longchamps, 1845 [nomen nudum]; musignani de Sélys Longchamps, 1839; nigricans Sélys Longchamps, 1845 [nomen nudum]; obensis Egorin, 1939; ognevi Turov, 1926; pallasi Ognev, 1913; pallasi Ognev, 1913; paludosus (Linneaus, 1771); persicus de Filippi, 1865; pertinax Savi, 1839; praeceptor Hinton, 1926; reta Miller, 1910; rufescens (Satunin, 1908) [not de Sélys Longchamps, 1836]; scythicus Thomas, 1914; stankovici Petrov, 1949; tanaitica Kalabuchov and Raevsky, 1930; tataricus Ognev, 1933; taurica Ognev, 1923; terrestris (Linnaeus, 1758); turovi Ognev, 1933; uralensis Egorin, 1940; variabilis Ognev, 1933 [not Rörig and Börner, 1905]; volgensis Ognev, 1933; weinheimensis Heller, 1952.	Europe (excluding C and S Spain but including N Spain and N Portugal) east through Siberia to Lena River Basin (Yakutskaya); from Arctic Sea south to Lake Baikal and N Tien Shan Mtns of NW China (Xinjiang) through NW Iran, Iraq, N Israel, Caucasus, and Turkey (Harrison and Bates, 1991; Lay, 1967); also in Great Britain except Ireland (Corbet, 1978c).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as A. terrestris.	<p>Linnaeus amphibius and terrestris, both proposed in 1758 on the same page, are now considered conspecific by most researchers, but which name should be properly used is unsettled. Corbet (1978c:105) noted that "amphibius should have priority (presumably following Blasius (1857) as first reviser). Although strictly correct this is contrary to long-established usage and would cause considerable confusion and ambiguity" (also see discussion in Corbet et al., 1970:315). The usage is not so long established since the two forms were considered separate species through the middle 1900s (Ellerman, 1941; Hinton, 1926a; Miller, 1910, 1912a), and in the first work that considered them as conspecific, Blasius (1857) placed terrestris as a subjective synonym of A. amphibius. The reminder of Blasius role as first revisor dates from Van den Brink (1967), who employed A. amphibius as the valid name as have other systemat... [truncated]	Eurasian Water Vole
13000177	Arvicola sapidus	Miller 1908	SPECIES			sapidus		Arvicola	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.1 p.195		musiniani  (Lataste, 1884); tenebricus Miller, 1908.	Portugal, Spain, and France.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	<p>Although arranged as a subspecies of terrestris by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), A. sapidus is strongly differentiated in morphological, morphometric, and chromosomal traits (Panteleyev, 1996; Reichstein, 1982a; Ventura and Sans-Fuentes, 1997). Phylogenetic analyses of cytochrome>b segregated A. sapidus from European samples of A. amphibius at a high level of percent sequence divergence (Taberlet et al., 1998, as terrestris).</p><p>Reviewed by Hinton (1926a), Corbet et al. (1970), Corbet (1978c), Reichstein (1982a), and Mitchell-Jones et al. (1999). New information covering morphology, discrimination from A. amphibius, and ecology supplied by Garde et al. (1993), Garde and Escala (1994, 1996, 1999), Ventura (2000), Ventura and Gosalbez (1990, 1992a), and Ventura et al. (1989, 1994). Population in NE Spain documented by owl pellet remains (Torre et al., 1996); distribution in N Spa... [truncated]	Southwestern Water Vole
13000178	Arvicola scherman	Shaw 1801	SPECIES			scherman		Arvicola	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Gen. Zool. vol.II Pt. 1 p.75		albus  (Bechstein, 1801); argentoratensis Desmarest, 1822; buffonii (Fischer, 1829); cantabriae Ventura and Gosálbez, 1989; canus (Bechstein, 1801); castaneus de Sélys Longchamps, 1845 [nomen nudum]; exilis Lydekker, 1910; exitus Miller, 1910; gutsulius Zagorodnyuk, 2000; monticola de Sélys Longchamps, 1838; minor (Leske, 1779) [listed as nomen dubium by Miller, 1912a, and Hinton, 1926a]; niger de Sélys Longchamps, 1845 [nomen nudum]; schermaus (Hermann, 1804).	Mountains of N Spain, through C Europe (S Netherlands to SC France and eastwards to Slovakia), to C Romania (Panteleyev, 2000:Fig. 2).		Earlier recognized as a species (Trouessart, 1910; Miller, 1912a; Hinton, 1926a; Ognev, 1950) until Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) reassigned scherman as another subspecies of an all-embracing terrestris, a classification observed through the late 1900s (Gromov and Polyakov, 1977; Corbet, 1978c, 1984; Honacki et al., 1982; Corbet and Hill, 1991; Musser and Carleton, 1993). However, the two long known ecological morphotypes clearly correspond to two biological species: an amphibious form (A. amphibius) that is widely distributed in Eurasia, and a smaller fossorial species (A. scherman) isolated in certain European mountains (Alps, Carpathians, Cantabrian, Massif Central, Pyrenees). They contrast in body mass, pelage coloration, social behavior, mating system, use of space, cranial size and shape, and incisor protrusion (LaVille, 1989; Mitchell-Jones et al., 1999; Panteleyev, 1996; Sausy, 2000; Warmerdam, 1982). In the Ne... [truncated]	Montane Water Vole
13000179	Blanfordimys	Argyropulo 1933	GENUS					Blanfordimys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Z. Säugetierk. vol.8 p.182	Microtus bucharensis Vinogradov, 1930.				<p>Arvicolini, subtribe Arvicolina (Pavlinov et al., 1995a). Originally proposed as a subgenus of Microtus, a ranking traditionally acknowledged by Russian authors (Golenishchev and Sablina, 1991; Gromov and Erbajeva, 1995; Gromov and Polyakov, 1977; Ognev, 1964; Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987). In other taxonomic variations, Corbet (1978c) assigned afghanus and bucharensis, the type-species of Blanfordimys, to the genus Pitymys, and Chaline (1974) placed it in Neodon, subgenus Microtus. Ellerman (1941, 1948) considered the diagnostic traits of afghanus so impressive that he recognized the genus, an appreciation shared by many others (Ellerman and Morrison- Scott, 1951; Musser and Carleton, 1993; Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1998; Pavlinov et al., 1995a; Zagorodnyuk, 1990).</p><p>Blanfordimys is emphasized as Allophaiomys like in retaining certain primitive traits, notably the simple M3 and m1 patterns ... [truncated]	
13000182	Caryomys	Thomas 1911	GENUS					Caryomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1911 p.4	Microtus(Eothenomys) inez Thomas, 1908.				<p>Myodini. Thomas (1911c, d) proposed Caryomys as a subgenus of Microtus to contain the Chinese species eva, inez, and nux (now included in inez; see below). Hinton (1923) at first elevated Caromys to genus but later (1926a) included it in Evotomys (= Myodes) because he considered the holotypes of eva, inez, and nux to be young examples of E. rufocanus shanseius, a synonymy followed by others (Ellerman, 1941; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; Gromov and Polyakov, 1977). A. B. Howell (1929), however, realigned Caryomys as a subgenus of Microtus and adamantly declared inez to be valid and different from any Clethrionomys (= Myodes); G. M. Allen (1940) concurred in recognizing eva and inez as species but in the subgenus Caryomys of Eothenomys. While the specific validity of both is currently accepted ... [truncated]	
13300009	Massoutiera	Lataste 1885	GENUS					Massoutiera	Ctenodactylidae	Rodentia	Le Naturaliste vol.7 3 p.21	Ctenodactylus mzabi Lataste 1881.					
13000183	Caryomys eva	Thomas 1911	SPECIES			eva		Caryomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1911 90 p.4		alcinous  (Thomas, 1911); aquilus (G. M. Allen, 1912).	China, mountains of S Gansu and adjoining Shaanxi, Sichuan, and Hubei, 2400-3600 m; Zhang et al. (1997) included Ningxia and Qinghai provinces in the distribution.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Eothenomys eva.	Listed as a member of Evotomys or Clethrionomys rufocanus by Hinton (1926a), Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), and Gromov and Polyakov (1977). Correctly acknowledged and revised as a species (of Eothenomys) by G. M. Allen (1940), Corbet (1978c), Corbet and Hill (1992), and Kaneko (1992c), as followed by Musser and Carleton (1993) and Pavlinov et al. (1995a). Phallic morphology described by Yang et al. (1992) and contrasted with species of Eothenomys. Corbet and Hill (1992) noted that the southern populations (alcinous) have much darker upperparts and underparts than the slight frosting of typical eva. Kanekos (1991) morphometric analysis associated the holotypes of alcinous and aquilus among samples of eva.	Evas Red-backed Vole
13000184	Caryomys inez	Thomas 1908	SPECIES			inez		Caryomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1908 63 p.45		nux  (Thomas, 1910).	N Sichuan and SE Shaanxi through Shanxi provinces, China, possibly farther east.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Eothenomys inez.	Following Hinton (1926a), inez was synonymized with Clethrionomys rufocanus (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; Gromov and Polyakov, 1977), but its distinctive status is well documented, typically within Eothenomys (G. M. Allen, 1940; Corbet, 1978c; Corbet and Hill, 1992; Kaneko, 1992c). Hinton (1926a) and Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) allocated nux to Clethrionomys rufocanus shanseius, but G. M. Allen (1940) treated it as a subspecies of Eothenomys inez. Kanekos (1991) morphometric analysis identified the holotype of nux as an example of inez, as concluded earlier by A. B. Howell (1929). Kaneko restricted the range to Shaanxi and Shanxi provinces, but Zhang et al. (1997) mapped a far broader distribution.	Inezs Red-backed Vole
13000185	Chionomys	Miller 1908	GENUS					Chionomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.1 p.97	Arvicola nivalis Martins, 1842.				<p>Arvicolini, subtribe Arvicolina (Pavlinov et al., 1995a). We provisionally retain Chionomys in Arvicolini, following Gromov and Polyakov (1977), but stress that its tribal affinities are unresolved. Others have viewed the genus as a member of Myodini, as based on allozymic data (Mezhzherin et al., 1995) or on the stratigraphic sequence of fossils that suggest common ancestry with Myodes (Kretzoi, 1969; Chaline, 1987).</p><p>Miller (1912a), although describing Chionomys as a genus, later employed it as subgenus, a status that became entrenched in the literature (Chaline et al., 1999; Corbet, 1978c; Krapp, 1982a; Neuhäuser, 1936) with rare dissent (e.g., Gromov and Polyakov, 1977). A diverse information base, however, depicts Chionomys as a lineage apart from Microtus (Chaline and Graf, 1988; Graf, 1982; Krytufek, 1999c; Mezhzherin et al., 1993, 1995; Nadachowski, 1990a; Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987, 1998; P... [truncated]	
13000367	Mesocricetus raddei	Nehring 1894	SPECIES			raddei		Mesocricetus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Zool. Anz. vol.18 p.148		avaricus  Ognev and Heptner, 1927; nigricans (Brandt, 1832) [not Lacépède, 1799]; nigriculus Nehring, 1898.	Russia, steppes along N slopes of Caucasus from Dagestan to Don River and Sea of Azov.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Convincingly separated as a species on morphological and chromosomal grounds by Hamer and Schutowa (1965).	Ciscaucasian Hamster
13000186	Chionomys gud	Satunin 1909	SPECIES			gud		Chionomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Izv. Kavkas. Mus. vol.4 p.272		gotschobi  (Shidlovsky, 1919) [nomen nudum]; ighesicus (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951); lasistanius (Neuhäuser, 1936); lghesicus (Shidlovsky, 1919); lucidus (Shidlovsky, 1919) [nomen nudum]; nenjukovi Formosov, 1931; oseticus (Shidlovsky, 1919).	Caucasus in Russia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan, and the E Black Sea Mtns of NE Turkey.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) and Corbet (1978c) listed gotschobi and lghesicus as synonyms of nivalis, but Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987, 1998) and Pavlinov et al. (1995a) included them in C. gud. Dental traits indicate a closer relationship to C. roberti than to C. nivalis (Nadachowski, 1991). In Turkey, the species has been collected at the same localities as C. nivalis but prefers more mesic habitats (Krytufek, 1999c).	Gudaur Snow Vole
13000188	Chionomys roberti	Thomas 1906	SPECIES			roberti		Chionomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.17 p.418		circassicus  (Heptner, 1948); occidentalis (Turov, 1928); personatus Ognev, 1924; pshavus (Shidlovski, 1919); turovi (Hoffmeister, 1949).	Forests in W Caucasus (Georgia and Azerbaijan), and in E Black Sea Mtns, NE Turkey.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Distributional and biological aspects of Turkish populations reported by Krytufek (1999c), who noted slight chromosomal differences between those and Caucasus populations.	Roberts Snow Vole
13000189	Dicrostonyx	Gloger 1841	GENUS					Dicrostonyx	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Gemein Hand.- Hilfsbuch. Nat. vol.1 p.97	Mus hudsonius Pallas, 1778.				<p>Borioikon Poliakov, 1881; Cuniculus Wagler, 1830 [not of Brisson, 1762, Gronovius, 1763, or Mayer, 1790]; Misothermus Hensel, 1855; Tylonyx Schulze, 1897.</p><p>Dicrostonychini. Dicrostonyx was initially grouped with other lemmings following Millers (1896) classic Lemmi-Microti division (e.g., Ellerman, 1941; Hinton, 1926; Ognev, 1963; Simpson, 1945). A large and diverse information base, however, requires its tribal separation from the true lemmings (Lemmini) and suggests that the cladistic origin of Dicrostonyx dates to the earliest radiation of arvicolines (Carleton, 1981; Chaline and Graf, 1988; Conroy and Cook, 1999; Gromov and Polyakov, 1977; Hinton, 1926a; Hooper and Hart, 1962; Kretzoi, 1969; Mezhzherin et al., 1995; Modi, 1987, 1996). Various aspects of taxonomy, karyology, distribution, and ecology are summarized by Stenseth and Ims (1993). Pliocene-Pleistocene changes in molar complexity traced by Agadzhanyan (1986); Quate... [truncated]	
13000190	Dicrostonyx groenlandicus	Traill 1823	SPECIES			groenlandicus		Dicrostonyx	Cricetidae	Rodentia	In Scoresby, J. Voy. to Northern Whale-Fishery... p.416		alascensis  Stone, 1900; clarus Handley, 1953; kilangmiutak Anderson and Rand, 1945; lentus Handley, 1953; rubricatus (Richardson, 1889).	N Greenland and Queen Elizabeth Isls, islands in the District of Franklin, and Southampton Isl; N North America above treeline, from NE District of Keewatin, Canada, to N Alaska, USA.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as D. groenlandicus, D. kilangmiutak, and D. rubricatus.	<p>In their broad specific concept, Jarrell and Fredga (1993) viewed all North American taxa, except D. hudsonius, as junior synonyms, including the insular forms exsul and vinogradovi. Morphological, distributional, breeding, chromosomal, and-or molecular evidence, albeit uneven and incomplete, persuades us to maintain D. nelsoni, D. nunatakensis, D. richardsoni, D. unalascensis, and D. vinogradovi as distinct (see those accounts).</p><p>Standard and banded chromosomal comparisons reported by Borowik and Engstrom (1993), who supported the synonymy of clarus and lentus. Engstrom et al. (1993) reported kilangmiutak (2n = 47-50) as karyotypically separable from D. groenlandicus (2n = 38-44), calling them "cytospecies," but found the two to be only marginally differentiated in mitochrondrial DNA sequences; samples drawn from the range of kilangmiutak ... [truncated]	Nearctic Collared Lemming
13000191	Dicrostonyx hudsonius	Pallas 1778	SPECIES			hudsonius		Dicrostonyx	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Nova Spec. Quad. Glir. Ord. p.208			NE Labrador, N Quebec, and Belcher Isls in Hudson Bay, Canada.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Unbanded karyotype resembles that of D. richardsoni (see Krohne, 1982); lack of XY-autosomal fusion believed to be primitive within the genus (Borowik and Engstrom, 1993). Relatively early origination, possibly well before the Wisconsin glaciation, proposed from collared lemming stock isolated in periglacial tundra to the southeast of the continental ice sheet (Borowik and Engstrom, 1993; Eger, 1995). Geographic and nongeographic variation evaluated by Eger (1995).	Ungava Collared Lemming
13000368	Phodopus	Miller 1910	GENUS					Phodopus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Smithson. Misc. Coll. vol.52 p.498	Cricetulus bedfordiae Thomas, 1908 (= Cricetulus roborovskii Satunin, 1903).	Cricetiscus Thomas, 1917.			Chromosomal data reported by Spyropoulos et al. (1982) and Schmid et al. (1986). Fossil documentation only for the Pleistocene of Eurasia (McKenna and Bell, 1997).	
13000758	Oecomys phaeotis	Thomas 1901	SPECIES			phaeotis		Oecomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.7 p.181			E slopes of Peruvian Andes; limits unresolved.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Part of the bicolor or paricola complex.	Dusky Oecomys
13000192	Dicrostonyx nelsoni	Merriam 1900	SPECIES			nelsoni		Dicrostonyx	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. vol.2 p.25		exsul  G. M. Allen, 1919; peninsulae Handley, 1953.	W Alaska and Alaska Peninsula, USA.	IUCN  Data Deficient as D. exsul, Lower Risk (lc) as D. nelsoni.	Rausch and Rausch (1972) noted successful mating among F1 progeny of D. nelsoni and collared lemmings on St. Lawrence Isl (exsul), while Jarrell and Fredga (1993) reported meiotic incompatibility and reduced fertility between stocks of D. nelsoni and rubricatus (= D. groenlandicus). In view of the complex appearance of Beringia refugia in space and time and the possibility of isolation from northern or southern stocks (e.g., see MacDonald and Cook, 1996), the homogeneity of populations in western Alaska (D. nelsoni) and those of D. groenlandicus should be empirically demonstrated, including samples from Beringean landbridge islands (exsul and D. vinogradovi), the Alaska Peninsula (peninsulae), and Aleutian chain (D. unalascensis).	Nelsons Collared Lemming
13000193	Dicrostonyx nunatakensis	Youngman 1967	SPECIES			nunatakensis		Dicrostonyx	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.80 p.31			Known only from the Ogilvie Mtns, NC Yukon Territory, Canada.	IUCN  Data Deficient.	As remarked by Youngman (1967, 1975), this form contrasts markedly with nearby rubricatus and kilangmiutak (both = D. groenlandicus); tentatively retained as a species by Honacki et al. (1982), Musser and Carleton (1993), and Jones et al. (1997). The geographic isolation of this form, in rocky alpine tundra south of the High Arctic tunda zone, invites testing of refugial hypotheses using multiple data sets and applying a phylogeographic approach.	Ogilvie Mountains Collared Lemming
13000759	Oecomys rex	Thomas 1910	SPECIES			rex		Oecomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.6 p.504		regalis  (Hershkovitz, 1960) [an unjustified replacement name].	Far E Venezuela (Bolívar; see Linares, 1998), Guianas, and NE Brazil north of the Amazon (Amapá and Amazonas).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Regal Oecomys
13500137	Lepus callotis subsp. callotis	Wagler 1830	SUBSPECIES		callotis	callotis		Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Naturliches Syst. Amphibien p.23						
13000194	Dicrostonyx richardsoni	Merriam 1900	SPECIES			richardsoni		Dicrostonyx	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. vol.2 p.26			W coast of Hudson Bay west to vicinity of Great Slave Lake, District of MacKenzie, Canada; extent of westward distribution unknown.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Autosomal polymorphisms and distinctive sex chromosomes based on standard karyotypes reported by Van Wynsberghe and Engstrom (1992), who retained richardsoni as distinct from D. groenlandicus and postulated its differentiation in a SC periglacial refugium. Strong divergence of mitochrondrial DNA genotypes, based on restriction fragment analysis, indicates that the origination of D. richardsoni predated the Wisconsin glaciation (Engstrom et al., 1993).	Richardsons Collared Lemming
13400514	Proechimys semispinosus subsp. rubellus	Hollister 1914	SUBSPECIES		rubellus	semispinosus		Proechimys	Echimyidae	Rodentia							
13000195	Dicrostonyx torquatus	Pallas 1778	SPECIES			torquatus		Dicrostonyx	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Nova Spec. Quad. Glir. Ord. p.206		chionopaes  G. M. Allen, 1914; lenae (Kerr, 1792); lenensis (Pallas, 1779); pallida (Middendorff, 1853); ungulatus (Von Baer, 1841).	Palearctic tundra from White Sea, W Russia, to Chukotski Peninsula, NE Siberia, and Kamchatka (Nikanorov, 2000); including Novaya Zemlya and New Siberian isls, Arctic Ocean (Corbet, 1978c; Jarrell and Fredga, 1993:Fig. 5).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Once believed to encompass most or all New World populations (e.g., Rausch, 1953, 1963b), but karyotypic and breeding evidence (summarized by Jarrell and Fredga, 1993) supports the strict application of D. torquatus for only Eurasian populations (also see Fedorov et al., 1999a). Chromosomal traits of populations from the Polar Urals (torquatus), and those from the Laptev Sea coast, and Rautan Isl off the coast of the Chukotka Peninsula (chionopaes) are similar, and crosses between these two subspecies yield fertile progeny (Gileva, 1980). Unusual sex-chromosome constitution and other chromosomal information summarized by Gileva et al. (1980), Gileva (1983), and Zima and Král (1984). Phylogeographic clades identified from restriction-site analysis of mitochrondrial DNA are mostly congruent with chromosomal races (Fedorov et al., 1999a). Although absent from Great Britains modern fauna, the species occurred there during Pleistocene and La... [truncated]	Palearctic Collared Lemming
13000196	Dicrostonyx unalascensis	Merriam 1900	SPECIES			unalascensis		Dicrostonyx	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. vol.2 p.25		stevensoni  Nelson, 1929.	Umnak and Unalaska isls of Aleutian Archipelago, Alaska, USA.	IUCN  Data Deficient.	Conventionally viewed as a form of D. groenlandicus (Hall, 1981; Hall and Cockrum, 1953; Jarrell and Fredga, 1993); retained as a species based on its distinctive pelage, craniodental form, and lack of specialized nival pelage and foreclaws, traits thought to be unique among Dicrostonyx (Gilmore, 1933; Musser and Carleton, 1993; Nelson, 1929; Rausch and Rausch, 1972). The most cranially divergent among the North American forms that Eger (1995) included in her morphometric analyses.	Unalaska Collared Lemming
13000197	Dicrostonyx vinogradovi	Ognev 1948	SPECIES			vinogradovi		Dicrostonyx	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Zveri S.S.S.R. i prilezhashchikh stran: Gryzuny (prodolzhenie) [Mammals of the U.S.S.R. and adjacent countries] vol.6 p.509			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Included in D. torquatus by Corbet (1978c), but Chernyavskii and Kozlovskii (1980) interpreted chromosomal data (2n = 28), morphological traits, and infertility with Siberian populations to validate vinogradovi as a separate species. Jarrell and Fredga (1993) speculated that such hybrid depression is unlikely with Alaskan populations having similar derived karyotypes (fewest telocentric chromosomes) and so synonymized vinogradovi under D. groenlandicus sensu lato; mitochondrial DNA haplotypes also link the Wrangel Isl form with specimens (provenience and taxon not specified) from Alaska (Fedorov, 1999; Fedorov et al., 1999a). Given the antiquity and endemism of Lemmus populations on Wrangel Isl (L. portenkoi, see Chernyavskii et al., 1993), the islands remoteness from the Alaskan mainland, and the complexity of Beringian landscapes, this proposed synonymy deserves confirmation with broader taxonomic sa... [truncated]	Wrangel Island Collared Lemming
13000500	Reithrodontomys chrysopsis	Merriam 1900	SPECIES			chrysopsis	Reithrodontomys	Reithrodontomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.13 p.152		colimae  Merriam, 1901; orizabae Merriam, 1901; perotensis Merriam, 1901; tolucae Merriam, 1901.	Cordillera Transvolcanica, SE Jalisco to WC Veracruz, México.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Reithrodontomys, megalotis species group.	Volcano Harvest Mouse
13000198	Dinaromys	Kretzoi 1955	GENUS					Dinaromys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Acta Geol. Acad. Sci. Hung. vol.3 p.351	Microtus (Chionomys) marakovici Bolkay, 1924 (= Microtus bogdanovi Martino, 1922).				Pliomyini. Formerly referenced as Dolomys until Kretzoi (1955; also see Corbet, 1978c) explained the correct usage of Dinaromys for bogdanovi. Past tribal associations emphasize the archaic characteristics of this enigmatic genus, allocated to a monotypic subfamily Dolomyinae (Chaline, 1975), or to Ondatrini (see Corbet, 1978c), Clethrionomyini (Gromov and Polyakov, 1977; Hooper and Hart, 1962; McKenna and Bell, 1997), or Prometheomyini (Pavlinov et al., 1995a). Koenigswald (1980) uncovered no close resemblance between its molar enamel microstructure and that of any living arvicoline and suggested relationship with an extinct species of Propliomys (= Pliomys), a late Pliocene genus also placed in Pliomyini by Kretzoi (1969). Chaline et al. (1999) actually derived Dinaromys from the Pliocene Pliomys hungaricus. Kretzois (1969) referral of Dinaromys to the Pliomyini (or subtribe Pliomyi as per Gromov and Polyak... [truncated]	
13000390	Isthmomys	Hooper and Musser 1964	GENUS					Isthmomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan vol.635 p.12	Megadontomys flavidus Bangs, 1902.				Reithrodontomyini. Species associated here were originally classified in Megadontomys, used either as a genus or as a subgenus of Peromyscus (Osgood, 1909). Isthmomys was later diagnosed as a subgenus of Peromyscus (Hooper and Musser, 1964b) and maintained at this rank by Hooper (1968); diagnosis emended and accorded generic status by Carleton (1980, 1989). Sister-group relationship with Megadontomys proposed by Carleton (1980) but unsupported by chromosomal banding data (Stangl and Baker, 1984b). Aspects of morphology considered by Carleton (1973, 1980), Hooper and Musser (1964b), and Linzey and Layne (1969, 1974); karyology by Stangl and Baker (1984b).	
13700552	Sorex oreopolus	Merriam 1892	SPECIES			oreopolus	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.7 p.173			Endemic to Mexico; in Distrito Federal, Jalisco, México, Morelos, Puebla, and Tlaxcala (Carraway, ms).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Otisorex. Contrary to Findley (1955b), this species does not include emarginatus or ventralis, which Diersing and Hoffmeister (1977) placed in the subgenus Sorex. S. orizabae was included in vagrans by Hennings and Hoffmann (1977:8), and in oreopolus by Junge and Hoffmann (1981:43), but considered a separate species by Carraway (ms).	Mexican Long-tailed Shrew
13000199	Dinaromys bogdanovi	Martino 1922	SPECIES			bogdanovi		Dinaromys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.9 p.413		coeruleus  Miri&#263;, 1960; grebenscikovi (Martino, 1935); korabensis (Martino, 1937); longipedis Dulic and Vidimic, 1967; marakovici (Bolkay, 1924); preniensis (Martino, 1940); trebevicensis Gligi&#263;, 1959.	Isolated pockets in karst mountains, sea level to 2200 m, of W BalkansDinaric Alps in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and Kosovo; and the ara-Pindus Mtns of Macedonia; probably occurs in Albania and Greece.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Petrov (1992) and Mitchell-Jones et al. (1999) provided informative reviews. Zoogeographic aspects discussed by Petrov (1979); distribution in Montenegro and its zoological significance reported by Krytufek and Vohralík (1992). Chromosomal data presented by Zima and Kral (1984a) and Zima et al. (1997a). Eight subspecies have been recognized, forming two groups that are distinguished by M1 patterns and genetic divergence (Mitchell-Jones et al., 1999); Krytufek et al. (2000b) provided information on age determination and molar structure. The extant species is closely related to two Pleistocene speciesD. dalmatinus from N Italy, Serbia and Montenegro, and S Greece (Petrov and Todorovic, 1982) and D. topachevskii from Uzbekistan (Nesin and Skorik, 1989)and to the late Pliocene D. allegranzii from NE Italy (Sala, 1996). Middle Pleistocene fossils of D. bogdanovi in N Italy (Zanalda, 1994) underscore the relictual character o... [truncated]	Balkan Snow Vole
13000200	Ellobius	Fischer 1814	GENUS					Ellobius	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Zoognosia vol.3 p.72	Mus talpinus Pallas, 1770.	Afganomys  Topachevski, 1965; Afghanomys Baryshnikov and Baranova, 1983; Chthonergus Nordmann, 1839; Lemmomys Lesson, 1842; Myospalax Blyth, 1846 [not Laxmann, 1769, or Hermann, 1783].			Ellobiusini (emended by Pavlinov et al., 1995a, because Ellobiini Gill 1872 is a junior homonym of Ellobiinae Adams, 1858, whose type genus Ellobium is a mollusk). Gromov and Polyakov (1977) excluded Ellobius from arvicolines; Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987) viewed the genus as Cricetidae incertae sedis, questioning whether it belonged in Arvicolinae or Cricetinae; and Gromov and Erbajeva (1995) included it in Cricetinae. Most workers, however, have recognized Ellobius, albeit highly specialized morphologically, as the only extant member of a tribe within Arvicolinae (Corbet, 1978c; Hooper and Hart, 1962; Kretzoi, 1969; McKenna and Bell, 1997; Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1998; Pavlinov et al., 1995a; Topachevskii and Rekovets, 1982), an affiliation supported by DNA sequence (Just et al., 1995) and allozymic analyses (Mezhzherin et al., 1995). Ultrastructure and evolution of sex chromosomes discussed by Kolomiets et al. (1991). Two subgenera ar... [truncated]	
13000201	Ellobius	Fischer 1814	SUBGENUS				Ellobius	Ellobius	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Zoognosia vol.3 p.72	Mus talpinus Pallas, 1770.					
13000202	Afganomys	Topachevski 1965	SUBGENUS				Afganomys	Ellobius	Cricetidae	Rodentia							
13000203	Ellobius alaicus	Vorontsov et al. 1969	SPECIES			alaicus	Ellobius	Ellobius	Cricetidae	Rodentia	In Vorontsov (ed.), [The Mammals: Evolution, karyology, taxonomy, fauna], Novosibirsk p.127			Recorded only from the Alai Mtns, S Kyrgyzstan.	IUCN  Endangered.	Subgenus Ellobius. Included, with reservation, in E. talpinus by Corbet (1978c), an assignment contradicted by chromosomal data and breeding results that reveal its closer relationship to E. tancrei, with which it is parapatric (Corbet, 1984; Lyapunova et al., 1990, and references therein); provisionally placed in that species by Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987).	Alai Mole Vole
13000204	Ellobius fuscocapillus	Blyth 1843	SPECIES			fuscocapillus	Afganomys	Ellobius	Cricetidae	Rodentia	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.11 p.887		farsistani  Ugarov, 1928; intermedius Scully, 1887.	E Iran, Afghanistan, W Pakistan, and S Turkmenistan in the Kopet Dag Mtns; outlying population in E Turkmenistan, 500 km northeast of the central range (Marochkina, 1996).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Afganomys. Chromosomal data presented by Vorontsov et al. (1980) and Lyapunova et al. (1980); in contrast to E. lutescens and E. tancrei, E. fuscocapillus has the standard mammalian XX/XY sex chromosomes (Just et al., 1995). Ellobius fuscocapillus does not occur today in the S Levant (Israel), but fossils document its former presence during Pleistocene intervals, about 220,000-110,000 and 80,000-60,000 years ago (see Tchernov, 1992, 1994, and references therein).	Southern Mole Vole
13000388	Hodomys	Merriam 1894	GENUS					Hodomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.46 p.232	Neotoma alleni Merriam, 1892.				Neotomini. Maintained as a genus (e.g., Goldman, 1910; Ellerman, 1941) until arranged as a subgenus of Neotoma by Burt and Barkalow (1942). Carleton (1980) expressed relationships and morphological differentiation of Hodomys at the generic rank, perhaps closely related to Xenomys (also see Carleton, 1973; Hooper, 1960; and Schaldach, 1960); parsimony and likelihood evaluations of cytochrome b data also support this rank and interpretation of kinship (Edwards and Bradley, 2002b).	
13000205	Ellobius lutescens	Thomas 1897	SPECIES			lutescens	Afganomys	Ellobius	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.20 p.308		legendrei Goodwin, 1940; woosnami Thomas, 1905.	S Caucasus south through E Turkey and NW Iran.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Afganomys. Treated by Corbet (1978c) as a synonym of E. fuscocapillus but shown to be a distinct species (Corbet, 1984; Vorontsov et al., 1980, and references therein), as earlier listed by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951). The low diploid number (17) and "weird" mode of sex determination (both sexes XO, X unpaired in male meiosis, apparent lack of genomic differentiation between males and females) continue to stimulate inquiry (Baumstart et al., 2001; Just et al., 1995, 2002; Vogel et al., 1988, 1998; Zima and Kral, 1984a; and references cited in each). Vogel et al. (1998) concluded that the entire Y chromosome is lost in E. lutescens, and Baumstart et al. (2001) found evidence for a yet unknown gene responsible for testes determination. After extensive synthesis of the literature and equivocal search for other genes effecting gonadal differentiation, Just et al. (2002) remarked that the mechanism of sex determination in E. <... [truncated]	Transcaucasian Mole Vole
13000206	Ellobius talpinus	Pallas 1770	SPECIES			talpinus	Ellobius	Ellobius	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Nova Comm. Acad. Sci. Petropoli vol.14 I p.568		ciscaucasicus  Sviridenko, 1936 [nomen nudum]; murinus (Pallas, 1770); rufescens (Eversmann, 1850); tanaiticus Zubko, 1940; transcaspiae Thomas, 1912.	Steppes of S Ukraine and Crimea, east through Kazakhstan to N of Balkhash Lake, and in Turkmenistan.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Ellobius. Chromosomal polymorphism among samples from the Pamir-Alai Mtns analyzed by Lyapunova et al. (1980); other chromosomal data summarized by Zima and Kral (1984a). Cytological determination of Turkmenian populations as E. talpinus and comparisons with E. tancrei provided by Yakimenko and Lyapunova (1986); distribution and habitat preference in the Crimea detailed by Tovpinets (1993); in E Turkmenistan, E. talpinus and E. tancrei are separated by the Amudarya River (Marochkina, 1996).	Northern Mole Vole
13000207	Ellobius tancrei	Blasius 1884	SPECIES			tancrei	Ellobius	Ellobius	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Zool. Anz. vol.7 p.197		albicatus  Thomas, 1912; coenosus Thomas, 1912; fusciceps Thomas, 1909; fuscipes Vinogradov, 1936; kastschenkoi Thomas, 1912; larvatus G. M. Allen, 1924; ognevi Dukelsky, 1927; orientalis G. M. Allen, 1924; ursulus Thomas, 1912.	E Turkmenistan (Yakimenko and Lyapunova, 1986; Marochkina, 1996) and Uzbekistan, east through E Kazakhstan, to Mongolia and adjacent China in NW Xinjiang, Nei Mongol, N Shaanxi, N Gansu, and Ningxia (Zhang et al., 1997, as E. talpinus).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Corbet (1978c) included tancrei in E. talpinus, but the former is morphologically and chromosomally distinct and its geographic range is allopatric to that of E. talpinus (see Corbet, 1984; Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987; Yakimenko and Lyapunova, 1986). Chromosomal contrasts with E. talpinus reported by Yakimenko and Lyapunova (1986) and with E. alaicus by Lyapunova et al. (1990). This species has a 2n = 32-54, with an XX sex chromosome combination in both males and females, and like E. lutescens, has lost its Y chromosome (Just et al., 1995; Vogel, 1998).	Eastern Mole Vole
13000208	Eolagurus	Argyropulo 1946	GENUS					Eolagurus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Vestn. Akad. Nauk Kazakh. SSR vol.8-Jul p.44	Georychus luteus Eversmann, 1840.				<p>Lagurini (see account of Lagurus). Also placed variously in subtribe Lagurina, Prometheomyini (Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1998; Pavlinov et al., 1995a), or in Arvicolini (McKenna and Bell, 1997). Corbet (1978c) viewed Eolagurus as part of Lagurus, but subsequent authorities have considered them separate genera (Corbet and Hill, 1991; Gromov and Erbajeva, 1995; Gromov and Polyakov, 1977; Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987, 1998; Pavlinov et al., 1995a; Zagorodnyuk, 1990). Descent of Eolagurus from the early Pleistocene, its inferred derivation from a rooted Pliocene ancestor, and elaboration of the enamel schmelzmuster summarized by Koenigswald and Tesakov (1997).</p><p>Taxonomic confusion surrounding origin and application of the generic name discussed by Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987). Pavlinov (2002, in litt.) explained that Argyropulo (1946) based the genus on luteus and przewalskii but did not explicitly designate a type speci... [truncated]	
13000209	Eolagurus luteus	Eversmann 1840	SPECIES			luteus		Eolagurus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscow p.25		gromovi  Topatchevski, 1963; praeluteus Schevtschenko, 1965; volgensis Alexandrova, 1976.	Dry steppes, semideserts, and stable sand dunes in Zaysan Lake basin of E Kazakhstan, NW Xinjiang, and W Mongolia north of the Gobi Desert (Gromov and Erbajeva, 1995; Gromov and Polyakov, 1997; Ma et al., 1987).	IUCN  Lower Risk (cd).	Gromov and Polyakov (1977) and Gromov and Erbajeva (1995) excellently covered morphology, geographic distribution, and phylogeny; cranial and dental morphology also described by Hinton (1926a). The three synonyms were originally appied as species to samples of Eolagurus from early and middle Pleistocene sediments, but are now regarded as extinct subspecies of E. luteus (Gromov and Polyakov, 1977).	Yellow Steppe Lemming
13000210	Eolagurus przewalskii	Büchner 1889	SPECIES			przewalskii		Eolagurus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Wiss. Res. Przewalski Cent.-Asien, Reisen, Zool. vol.I: (Säugeth.) p.127			Montane meadows and river banks, from S Xinjiang and N Xizang, W China, east through Quinghai and N Gansu to W and S Mongolia and Nei Mongol; limits unknown.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	A distinctive species united with E. luteus by Corbet (1978c) but treated as separate by most systematists (G. M. Allen, 1940; Corbet and Hill, 1991; Musser and Carleton, 1993; Pavlinov et al., 1995a). Gromov and Polyakovs (1977) redescription of E. przewalskii and illustrations of crania and dentitions unequivocally discriminate the two, whose ranges overlap in the lakes region of W Mongolia.	Przewalskis Steppe Lemming
13000501	Reithrodontomys creper	Bangs 1902	SPECIES			creper	Aporodon	Reithrodontomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. vol.39 p.39			Upper elevations, 1300-3350 m, in the Cordilleras Tilarán, Central, and Talamanca, Costa Rica, to Chiriquí region, W Panamá.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Aporodon, tenuirostris species group. See Hopp and Rogers (1994, Mammalian Species, 482).	Talamancan Harvest Mouse
13000211	Eothenomys	Miller 1896	GENUS					Eothenomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	N. Am. Fauna vol.12 p.45	Arvicola melanogaster Milne-Edwards, 1871.	Anteliomys  Miller, 1896.			<p>Myodini. Closely related to Alticola, Caryomys, Hyperacrius, and Myodes, all of which are usually placed in Clethrionomyini (Gromov and Polyakov, 1977; Hooper and Hart, 1962; Koenigswald, 1980) or the subtribe Myodina, Prometheomyini (Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1998; Pavlinov et al., 1995a). Under Eothenomys, Corbet (1978c) included Phaulomys (placed by Ye et al., 2002, in Clethrionomys and by Japanese systematists in Eothenomys), Aschizomys (listed here in Alticola), and Caryomys (treated as a separate genus). Anteliomys was proposed as a subgenus of Microtus (Hinton, 1923), then tranferred to Evotomys (Hinton, 1926a), and finally treated as a subgenus of Eothenomys (Osgood, 1932; G. M. Allen, 1940); recently, Ye et al. (2002) also observed subgeneric usage for Anteliomys, although they suggested its reinstatement as genus. Phallic morphology of E... [truncated]	
13000212	Eothenomys cachinus	Thomas 1921	SPECIES			cachinus		Eothenomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. vol.27 p.504		confinii  Hinton, 1923.	Montane forest, 2300-3200 m, west of the Salween River Valley in NE Burma (Thomas, 1921g, the holotype; Anthony, 1941), and adjacent NW Yunnan (holotype of confinii Hinton, 1923); range may extend farther south to extreme W Yunnan and EC Burma.		<p>E. melanogaster species group. Described by Thomas (1921g) as a species but subsequently included either in E. melanogaster (Hinton, 1923; Ellerman, 1941, 1961; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; Corbet, 1978c; Musser and Carleton, 1993; Pavlinov et al., 1995a) or E. miletus (Corbet and Hill, 1992). Comparisons of Anthonys (1941) large AMNH sample, obtained at the type locality of cachinus and vicinity, with E. miletus and E. melanogaster proper confirm Thomas view that cachinus is a distinctive species. Adult E. cachinus are large-bodied and long-tailed, with soft, long and thick fur, the upperparts bright tawny brown and the underparts gray washed with hues ranging from pale buff to ochraceous (the only species in the E. melanogaster group with such bright venters). They are about the same body size as the large E. miletus, but have longer tails (mean = 5... [truncated]	Kachin Red-backed Vole
13000213	Eothenomys chinensis	Thomas 1891	SPECIES			chinensis		Eothenomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.8 p.117		tarquinus  (Thomas, 1912).	Recorded only between 1500 and 3000 m "on both sides of the River Datu He near Omei Shan, Sichuan Province at 29-30° N" (Kaneko, 1996b:104, 105).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	E. chinensis species group. The type-species of Anteliomys (Hinton, 1926a) and recognized as a species since its description by Thomas in the usual 20<sup>th</sup-<century systematic compendia. This large-bodied species, with the longest tail of any Eothenomys (up to 76 mm), is allopatric to the ranges of E. custos, E. proditor, and E. wardi, and reaches lower altitudes (see Kaneko, 1996b). Kaneko (1996b) arranged tarquinus as a synonym.	Sichuan Red-Backed Vole
13000214	Eothenomys custos	Thomas 1912	SPECIES			custos		Eothenomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.9 p.517		cangshanensis Wang and Li, 2000; hintoni Osgood, 1932; ninglangensis Wang and Li, 2000; rubelius Hinton, 1932; rubellus (G. M. Allen, 1924).	Recorded only "from the extreme north-west of Yunnan, the Likiang Range, the loop of the Jinsha Jiang River, and from central Sichuan," 2500-4800 m (Kaneko, 1996b:108).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	E. chinensis species group. Listed as a species of Anteliomys by Hinton (1926a). Whether in Eothenomys or Anteliomys, this distinct Chinese endemic has always been recognized as a species in faunal reports and checklists. Kaneko (1996b) explained why the holotypes of hintoni and rubelius represent examples of E. custos; inclusion of cangshanensis and ninglangensis follows Ye et al. (2002).	Southwest China Red-backed Vole
13000215	Eothenomys melanogaster	Milne-Edwards 1871	SPECIES			melanogaster		Eothenomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, Bull. vol.7 p.93		aurora  (G. M. Allen, 1912); bonzo (Cabrera, 1922); chenduensis Wang and Li, 2000; colurnus (Thomas, 1911); eleusis (Thomas, 1911); kanoi Tokuda, 1937; libonotus Hinton, 1923; mucronatus (G. M. Allen, 1912); yingjiangensis Wang and Li, 2000.	Mountains of SE China in S Anhui, Zhejiang, Fujian (AMNH, MCZ, USNM), NE Jiangxi, N Guangodong, W Hubei (MCZ), Ghizhou (FMNH, USNM), Sichuan (AMNH, FMNH, MCZ, USNM), S Gansu, and W Yunnan (AMNH, FMNH, USNM) (as per specimens examined, G. M. Allen, 1940, and Zhang et al., 1997). Also in Taiwan (M.-J. Yu, 1996); NE India (Mishmi Hills in Arunachal Pradesh; Agrawal, 2000); N Burma (Ellerman, 1961, identified as cachinus; BMNH, FMNH); NE Burma and Chin Hills, EC Burma (Anthony, 1941; AMNH); N Thailand (summit Doi Inthanon, Chiengmai Prov.; Marshall, 1977a; MCZ, USNM); and extreme NW Vietnam west of the Red River (Osgood, 1932; Dang et al., 1994; FMNH, MCZ). Known altitudinal range 700-3000 m (Kaneko, 2002).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>E. melanogaster species group. Corbet (1978c) suspected that more than one species is represented in what he identified as E. melanogaster, and Corbet and Hill (1992:401) posed their treatment of the species as "very tentative." After checking large museum series, extracting E. cachinus and E. miletus along with their synonyms, we believe most synonyms listed here actually belong with E. melanogaster, allocations in most part concordant with Kanekos (2002) revision. Specimens of E. melanogaster are generally small-bodied with small skulls, have dark brown to blackish upperparts, slate gray underparts (washed with buff or brown in some specimens), and possess a short to medium tail (21-42 mm) relative to body length. Cranial size varies geographically, with specimens from Sichuan and Yunnan averaging smaller than those from E China, Burma, N Thailand, and NW Vietnam. Three lingual salient angles on each M3 were co... [truncated]	Père Davids Red-backed Vole
13000223	Lagurus	Gloger 1841	GENUS					Lagurus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Gemein Hand.-Hilfsbuch. Nat. vol.1 p.97	Mus lagurus Pallas, 1773.	Eremiomys  Poliakov, 1881; Eremomys Heude, 1898; Lagurodon Kretzoi, 1956; Laguropsis Kretzoi, 1956; Prolagurus Kormos, 1938.			Lagurini. Closely related to Eolagurus, which together constitute the extant members of Lagurini (Gromov and Polyakov, 1977; Hooper and Hart, 1962; Zagorodnyuk, 1990). Also arranged as subtribe Lagurina within Prometheomyini (Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1998; Pavlinov et al., 1995a), Clethrionomyini (Mezhzherin et al., 1995), or Arvicolini (McKenna and Bell, 1997). Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987) clarified the status of Mus lagurus as the type species, instead of L. migratorius as misindicated by Corbet (1978c). Koenigswald and Tesakov (1997) documented the enamel microstructure of Lagurus and related its significance for reconstructing relationships among extant and fossil lagurines, from the Pliocene to Recent. Excludes North American Lemmiscus curtatus (see that account).	
13500234	Lepus timidus subsp. sibiricorum	Johanssen 1923	SUBSPECIES		sibiricorum	timidus	Lepus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13000258	Microtus dogramacii	Kefelio&#287;lu and Krytufek 1999	SPECIES			dogramacii	Microtus	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	J. Nat. Hist. vol.33 p.301			Recorded only from two places on the Anatolian Plateau, the type locality and near Konya in the south (Kefelio&#287;lu and Krytufek, 1999).		Subgenus Microtus, socialis species group. A distinctive species similar in body size and morphology to Turkish M. socialis but different in a combination of external and cranial proportions and in karyotype (2n = 48, FN = 46, 48, 50 in M. dogramacii; 2n and FN = 62 in M. socialis). Kefelio&#287;lu and Krytufek (1999) and Krytufek and Kefelio&#287;lu (2002) provided chromosomal, phenetic, and morphometric analyses that critically contrast M. dogramacii with M. anatolicus and Turkish M. socialis and M. guentherii. Çolak et al. (1997) identified M. irani from SE Turkey with 2n = 46; Krytufek and Vohralík (2001) suggested that their sample may be close to M. dogramacii, which is chromosomally polymorphic.	Do&#287;ramacis Vole
13000216	Eothenomys miletus	Thomas 1914	SPECIES			miletus		Eothenomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.14 p.474		fidelis  Hinton, 1923.	Mountains of SW Sichuan and W to C Yunnan east of the Salween River Valley. S China (as per specimens examined in AMNH, BMNH, FMNH, MCZ, and USNM); limits unresolved (in Ghizhou according to Zhang et al., 1997, but verification needed).		<p>E. melanogaster species group, its largest-bodied member (Kaneko, 1996b). Described as a subspecies of melanogaster, a placement commonly observed throughout the 1900s, less commonly regarded as distinct (G. M. Allen, 1940; Corbet and Hill, 1992; Ye et al., 2002; Zhang et al., 1997). The account of miletus by Thomas (1914c) and of fidelis by Hinton (1923) described examples of the same species, as G. M. Allen (1940) later perceived; pelage coloration and measurements of each holotype fall within the variation observed in the large AMNH and FMNH series from Yunnan and W Sichuan. Kaneko (2002) used mucronatus as the oldest name for this species and included libonotus from NW India as well as samples from C Burma, N Thailand, and N Vietnam; we identify this material as E. melanogaster (see account).</p><p>Eothenomys miletus occurs in the same regions as E. melanogaster but is usually large... [truncated]	Yunnan Red-backed Vole
13000217	Eothenomys olitor	Thomas 1911	SPECIES			olitor		Eothenomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1911 100 p.50		hypolitor  Wang and Li, 2000.	NE Yunnan at the type locality and SW Yunnan between the Mekong and Salween River valleys, 1800-3350 m (Kaneko, 1996b).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	E. chinensis species group. The smallest Eothenomys in body size. Hinton (1926a) allocated olitor to the subgenus Eothenomys, as did Corbet and Hill (1992), but others have placed it in Anteliomys (G. M. Allen, 1940; Gromov and Polyakov, 1977) or in the subgenus Caryomys (Pavlinov et al., 1995a). G. M. Allen (1940) extended the range to W Yunnan, but Kaneko (1996b) explained why this record is not olitor; inclusion of hypolitor observes the summary of Ye et al. (2002).	Black-eared Red-backed Vole
13000218	Eothenomys proditor	Hinton 1923	SPECIES			proditor		Eothenomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.11 p.152			"Restricted to the border between Sichuan and Yunnan, at around 27-28°N and 100-102°E, and that it lives in meadows and in rocky areas" (Kaneko, 1996b:109); known altitudinal range 2500-4200 m.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	E. chinensis species group. Morphologically a giant version of E. olitor (Kaneko, 1996b). Treated as a species of Eothenomys (G. M. Allen, 1940; Corbet and Hill, 1992; Hinton, 1926a), but placed in Anteliomys (Gromov and Polyakov, 1977), and in subgenus Caryomys (Pavlinov et al., 1995a). In his account of E. proditor, Osgood (1932) explained why Anteliomys deserves at most subgeneric status within Eothenomys. Karyotype of E. proditor (2n = 32, FN = 56) differs from other Eothenomys so far reported (Yang et al., 1998), and Ye et al. (2002) would exclude it from the genus.	Yulongxuen Red-backed Vole
13000219	Eothenomys wardi	Thomas 1912	SPECIES			wardi		Eothenomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.9 p.516			Extreme NW Yunnan in the Mekong and Salween valleys, 2400-4250 m (Corbet and Hill, 1992; Kaneko, 1996b).		E. chinensis species group. Placed in the genus Anteliomys by Hinton (1923). Described as a species by Thomas, recognized as such by Hinton (1923, 1926a) and Ellerman (1941), but usually included in E. chinensis (G. M. Allen, 1940; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; Musser and Carleton, 1993; Pavlinov et al., 1995a). Corbet and Hill (1992) and Kaneko (1996b), however, followed Thomas because wardi has a much shorter tail and hind feet, and appreciably smaller auditory bulla than specimens of chinensis, and is latitudinally isolated from that species.	Wards Red-backed Vole
13000220	Hyperacrius	Miller 1896	GENUS					Hyperacrius	Cricetidae	Rodentia	N. Am. Fauna vol.12 p.54	Arvicola fertilis True, 1894.				Myodini. Assigned to Clethrionomyini by Hooper and Hart (1962) and Gromov and Polyakov (1977); placed in subtribe Myodina, Prometheomyini, by Pavlinov et al. (1995a) and Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1998). Phylogenetically near Alticola but more fossorial (Corbet, 1978c; Corbet and Hill, 1992). Taxonomy, geographic distribution, and subspecific classification monographed by Phillips (1969).	
13000221	Hyperacrius fertilis	True 1894	SPECIES			fertilis		Hyperacrius	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus. vol.17 p.10		aitchisoni (Miller, 1897); brachelix (Miller, 1899); zygomaticus Phillips, 1969.	Subalpine scrub and meadows, 2450-3600 m, N India (Jammu and Kashmir) and N Pakistan.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Indian populations reviewed by Agrawal (2000).	Subalpine Kashmir Vole
13000222	Hyperacrius wynnei	Blanford 1881	SPECIES			wynnei		Hyperacrius	Cricetidae	Rodentia	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.49 p.244		traubi  Phillips, 1969.	Coniferous forests and associated grasslands, 1850-3050 m, in N India (Jammu and Kashmir) and Pakistan (Murree Hills in the lower Kahgan Valley E of Indus River, and west of the Indus in Swat).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Indian populations reviewed by Agrawal (2000) and Pakistan by Phillips (1969).	Conifer Kashmir Vole
13000389	Hodomys alleni	Merriam 1892	SPECIES			alleni		Hodomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.7 p.168		elattura  Osgood, 1904; guerrerensis Goldman, 1938; vetulus Merriam, 1894.	S Sinaloa to Oaxaca; interior México along basins of Río Balsas to C Puebla and Río Tehuacán to N Oaxaca.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Kelson (1952) placed vetulus as a subspecies of N. alleni. See Genoways and Birney, 1974 (Mammalian Species, 41, as Neotoma alleni), who first reported the karyotype (2n=48).	Allens Woodrat
13400262	Dasyprocta punctata subsp. yungarum	Thomas 1910	SUBSPECIES		yungarum	punctata		Dasyprocta	Dasyproctidae	Rodentia							
13000224	Lagurus lagurus	Pallas 1773	SPECIES			lagurus		Lagurus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Reise Prov. Russ. Reichs. vol.2 p.704		abacanicus  Serebrennikov, 1929; agressus Serebrennikov, 1929; altorum Thomas, 1912; major Zazhigin, in Gromov and Polyakov, 1977; migratorius Gloger, 1841; occidentalis Migulin, 1938; saturatus Ognev, 1950 [nomen nudum].	Steppes, mountains, and northern deserts from Ukraine through Kazakhstan to W Altai steppes of S Russia, adjacent W Mongolia, and NW China (NW Xinjiang; Zhang et al., 1997).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Morphology, geographic range, and phylogenetic history described by Gromov and Polyakov (1977) and Pavlinov et al. (1995a). Chromosomal data reviewed by Zima and Kral (1984a). Using geometric morphometry, Courant et al. (1997) noted cranial shape convergence between L. lagurus and lemmings (Lemmus and Dicrostonyx) and discussed ecological parallels between these two groups. Although the present range of L. lagurus does not extend west of Ukraine, the species occurred in Europe and S England during the last interglacial and glacial cycle (Kowalski, 1967; Sutcliffe and Kowalski, 1976).	Steppe Vole
13000225	Lasiopodomys	Lataste 1887	GENUS					Lasiopodomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova vol.2a 4 p.268	Arvicola brandtii Radde, 1861.	Lemmimicrotus  Tokuda, 1941.			<p>Arvicolini. Although systematists agree that Lasiopodomys belongs in this tribe, they have disputed its generic status. G. M. Allen (1940) treated Lasiopodomys as a full synonym of Phaiomys, included in Microtus as a subgenus. Others have relegated it to a separate subgenus of Microtus (Corbet, 1978c; Corbet and Hill, 1991; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951). Hinton (1926a) enumerated the many features that isolate Lasiopodomys: very short pinnae; elongate front claws; claw rather than nail on thumb; plantar surfaces densely furred; three labial salient angles on a simple M3, not four on a relatively elaborate molar; anterolabial margin of M3 concave, not angular; cusps elongate, not triangular; and m1 cap with only lingual secondary wing, not labial and lingual wings (Gromov and Polyakov, 1977, offered additional traits). Both neontologists and paleontologists have broadly acknowledged Hintons treatment (Ellerman, 1941; Gromo... [truncated]	
13000226	Lasiopodomys brandtii	Radde 1861	SPECIES			brandtii		Lasiopodomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Melanges Biol. Acad. St. Petersbourg vol.3 p.683		aga  (Kastschenko, 1912); hangaicus Bannikov, 1948; warringtoni (Miller, 1913).	Mongolia and adjacent Transbaikalia, Russia; Nei Mongol, Jilin, and Hebei provinces, NE China (Zhang et al., 1997).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	G. M. Allen (1940) provided a detailed description of the species; phallic morphology documented by Yang et al. (1992).	Brandts Vole
13000227	Lasiopodomys fuscus	Büchner 1889	SPECIES			fuscus		Lasiopodomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Wiss. Res. Przewalski Cent.-Asien Reisen, Zool. vol.I:(Säuget.) p.125			E Tibetan Plateau, western Qinghai Prov., C China; limits unresolved.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Included in Phaiomys leucurus, whether as Pitymys or Microtus (Corbet, 1978c; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; Pavlinov et al., 1995a; Zhang and Wang, 1963), but separated as a species and transferred to Lasiopodomys by Zheng and Wang (1980; also Musser and Carleton, 1993). USNM specimens of fuscus verify its membership in Lasiopodomys, not Phaiomys. Hoffmann (1996a) carefully described old expedition routes and collecting sites, selected a lectotype of fuscus, and documented sympatry between it and the wider ranging Phaiomys leucurus.	Smokey Vole
13000228	Lasiopodomys mandarinus	Milne-Edwards 1871	SPECIES			mandarinus		Lasiopodomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Rech. Hist. Nat. Mammifères p.129		faeceus  (G. M. Allen, 1924); jeholensis (Mori, 1939); johannes (Thomas, 1910); kishidai (Mori, 1930); mandrianus (Miller, 1896); pullus (Miller, 1911); vinogradovi (Fetisov, 1936).	NE and C China (Nei Mongol, Liaoning, Beijing, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan, Jiangsu, and Anhui; Zhang et al., 1997); N Mongolia; Transbaikal region and E and SE Siberia of Russia; Korea (Won and Smith, 1999); range limits uncertain.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	External, cranial, dental, and distributional characteristics presented by G. M. Allen (1940). G-banding of sex chromosomes and its significance described by Zhu et al. (1994). Structural and functional comparisons of the masticatory complex in L. mandarinus and Myospalax undertaken by Li and Wang (1999). Aspects of reproductive biology documented by Zorenko et al. (1994).	Mandarin Vole
13000229	Lemmiscus	Thomas 1912	GENUS					Lemmiscus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.9 p.401	Arvicola curtata Cope, 1868.				Arvicolini. Named as a subgenus of Lagurus to segregate New World sagebrush voles from Old World steppe voles. Davis (1939) underscored the morphological separation between New and Old World forms and raised Lemmiscus to a genus, a view endorsed by Carletons (1981) study of gastric anatomy. Subsequent faunal studies and checklists have variously listed Lemmiscus as a genus (Carleton and Musser, 1984; Corbet and Hill, 1991; Gromov and Polyakov, 1977; Musser and Carleton, 1993) or as a subgenus of Lagurus (Hall, 1981; Honacki et al., 1982). Certain morphological traits associate Lemmiscus with Microtus (Carleton, 1981; Davis, 1939), a relationship supported by phylogenetic evaluation of long repetitive DNA segments (Modi, 1996); chromosomal banding patterns provided little resolution of its affinity (Modi, 1987). Some paleontologists continue to view New World sagebrush voles as lagurines that migrated to North America in the Pleistocene (Chalin... [truncated]	
13000230	Lemmiscus curtatus	Cope 1868	SPECIES			curtatus		Lemmiscus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.20 p.2		artemisiae  (Anthony, 1913); decurtata (Coues, 1877); intermedius (Taylor, 1911); levidensis Goldman, 1941; orbitus (Dearden and Lee, 1955); pallidus (Merriam, 1888); pauperrimus (Cooper, 1868).	Sagebrush steppe and desert from S Alberta and SE Saskatchewan, Canada, south to EC California and NW Colorado (Fitzgerald et al., 1994), including the Columbia Basin of interior Oregon (Verts and Carraway, 1998) and Washington, USA.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	See Carroll and Genoways, 1980 (Mammalian Species, 124, as Lagurus curtatus).	Sagebrush Vole
13000231	Lemmus	Link 1795	GENUS					Lemmus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Beitr. Naturgesch. vol.1 2 p.75	Mus lemmus Linnaeus, 1758.	Brachyurus  Fischer, 1813; Hypudaeus Illiger, 1811; Lemnus Gray, 1825; Lemmus Rochebrune, 1843; Mirus Brunner, 1938 [not Albers, 1850]; Miromus Brunner, 1951.			<p>Lemmini. Nominative genus of Miller's (1896) classic tribe Lemmi, then including Dicrostonyx (see that account). Distinctiveness still recognized within a tribe, including Myopus and Synaptomys, a clade believed to represent an early line of arvicoline evolution (Abramson, 1993; Carleton, 1981; Chaline and Graf, 1988; Graf, 1982; Gromov and Polyakov, 1977; Hinton, 1926a; Hooper and Hart, 1962; Jarrell and Fredga, 1993; Koenigswald, 1980). The monophyly of true lemmings, excluding Dicrostonyx, is also supported by recent cladistic evaluations of allozymes (Mezhzherin et al., 1995), nuclear repetitive DNA elements (Modi, 1996), and mitochrondrial DNA sequences (Conroy and Cook, 1999). Myodes Pallas, 1811, usually placed in the synonymy of Lemmus (e.g., Hall, 1981; Hinton, 1926a; Miller, 1896), is the oldest name for Clethrionomys (see that account); also see account of Myopus, once treated as a subgenus of Lemmus... [truncated]	
13000232	Lemmus amurensis	Vinogradov 1924	SPECIES			amurensis		Lemmus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.14 p.186		chrysogaster  J. A. Allen, 1903; flavescens Vinogradov, 1925; ognevi Vinogradov, 1933; xanthotrichus Vinogradov, 1925 [nomen nudum, see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951:656].	Larch taiga of E Siberia; from the Arctic coast between the Lena and Kolyma Rivers southeastward onto the Kamchatka Peninsula, and southward through the Verkhoyansk and Cherskogo Mtns and the Omolon River to the upper Amur River basin and region east of Lake Baikal; also on islands in the New Siberian Arch. (Novosibirskiye Ostrova) (Chernyavskii et al., 1980, 1993; Federov, 1999a; Jarrell and Fredga, 1993:Fig. 2).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>Revised by Chernyavskii et al. (1980); additional chromosomal data analyzed by Gileva et al. (1984). The distinctiveness of L. amurensis has been reaffirmed by Chernyavskii et al. (1993), who studied karyotypes, craniodental traits, and pelage coloration and reported its range extension in the Kamchatka Peninsula. Fedorov et al. (1999b) similarly demonstrated its genetic isolation relative to L. trimucronatus and L. sibiricus based on mitochondrial DNA analyses. Their study highlights the biogeographic importance of the Lena-Kolyma catchment, with L. trimucronatus ranging east of the Kolyma River, L. sibiricus ranging to the west of the Lena River, and L. amurensis found in-between; discontinuities in mitochondrial DNA sequences among samples of Dicrostonyx are also localized in the region of the Kolyma and Lena Rivers (Federov, 1999; Federov et al., 1999a).</p><p>Includes chrysogaster, a form someti... [truncated]	Amur Brown Lemming
13000233	Lemmus lemmus	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			lemmus		Lemmus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.59		borealis  Nilsson, 1829; iterator (Gistel, 1850); norvegicus Desmarest, 1822.	Mountains of Scandinavia and tundra from W Norway and Sweden to Kola (Kolskiy) Peninsula at W margin of the White Sea (NW Russia).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	European populations reviewed by Tast (1982a) and Mitchell-Jones et al. (1999); Russia segment reviewed by Gromov and Erbajeva (1995). Phylogenetic analysis of cytochrome b haplotypes has revealed appreciable nucleotide divergence between Scandinavian and Siberian samples (Fedorov et al., 1999b); that genetic characterization, in combination with unique pelage coloration, supports the specific integrity of L. lemmus relative to the geographically allopatric L. sibiricus. Although now absent from the British Isles, the species occurred there during the Pleistocene and Late Glacial (Late Palaeolithic) times (Sutcliffe and Kowalski, 1976; Yalden, 1999).	Norway Lemming
13000234	Lemmus portenkoi	Tchernyavsky 1967	SPECIES			portenkoi		Lemmus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Zool. Zhur. vol.46 p.12			Endemic to Wrangel Isl.		Jarrell and Fredga (1993) included portenkoi in L. sibiricus, observing their convention of synonymizing insular taxa with mainland species. However, Chernyavskii et al. (1993) interpreted the cytogenetic and morphological peculiarities of the Wrangel Isl form to reflect an old Palearctic origin and regarded it as a separate species. Although Wrangel Isl lies close to the Chukotskiy mainland, where L. trimucronatus occurs, cytochrome b sequence data instead link the island populations with those farther west that we recognize as L. amurensis (Fedorov et al., 1999b); the percent sequence divergence between the Wrangel Isl lemming and L. amurensis approximates that distinguishing L. lemmus and L. sibiricus, which together with the information provided by Chernyavskii et al. (1993), lends support to its recognition as a species. Wrangel Isl provides habitat for another endemic lemming, Dicrostonyx vinog... [truncated]	Wrangel Island Lemming
13000235	Lemmus sibiricus	Kerr 1792	SPECIES			sibiricus		Lemmus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	In Linnaeus, Anim. Kingdom p.241		bungei  Vinogradov, 1924; kittlitzi (Brandt, 1845); kittlitzi (Middendorf, 1853); minor (Pallas, 1811) [nomen nudum, as discussed by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951:656]; migratorius (Illiger, 1815); novosibiricus Vinogradov, 1924; obensis Brants, 1827; paulus G. M. Allen, 1914.	Palearctic tundra landscapesfrom Arkhangel region on eastern border of White Sea, W Russia, eastward to W border of the Lena River.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	This species was formerly defined broadly to encompass not only most Palearctic forms but also North American taxa here retained as L. trimucronatus (see next). Within Eurasia, the geographic range was thought to extend eastward beyond the Lena River to the Kolymskaya region, E Siberia (e.g., Jarell and Fredga, 1993); however, phylogeographic patterns based on cytochrome b sequences substantiate a pronounced division between samples west (L. sibiricus) and east (L. amurensis, see above) of the Lena River (Fedorov et al., 1999b), a frontier coincident with significant haplotype discontinuities among samples of Dicrostonyx (Fedorov et al., 1999a). Fedorov et al. (1999b) interpreted the level of sequence divergence to indicate cladogenesis prior to the last glaciation and implicated the formation of montane and continental ice sheets near the Lena River as the historical barrier driving this divergence. Lemmus sibiri... [truncated]	Siberian Brown Lemming
13000236	Lemmus trimucronatus	Richardson 1825	SPECIES			trimucronatus		Lemmus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	InParry, Journal of a second voyage  vol.App. p.309		Rausch (1953) proposed the synonymy of trimucronatus  and nigripes under Old World L. sibiricus, a taxonomic arrangement elaborated by Rausch and Rausch (1975b) and maintained in subsequent faunal and systematic works (Banfield, 1974; Hall, 1981; Honacki et al., 1982; Jones et al., 1986, 1997; Musser and Carleton, 1993). As now understood, L. trimucronatus is the only true lemming to exhibit a recent transberingian geographic distribution; see Chernyavskii et al. (1993) and Federov et al. (1999a), who speculated about Beringian history and possible dispersion pathways for lemmings. North American subspecies revised by Davis (1944) and retained as such by Hall and Cockrum (1953) and Hall and Kelson (1959); North American populations reviewed by Batzli (1999). Corbet and Hill (1991) continued to recognize the St. George Isl form nigripes as a species.	N Chukotskiy region in far NE Siberia (coastal region east of Kolyma River, not inland); in North America, from W Alaska east to Baffin Isl and Hudson Bay, and south in the Rocky Mtns to C British Columbia, Canada; also Nunivak and St. George isls in the Bering Sea, Pribilof Isls, and Canadian Archipelago (Jarrell and Fredga, 1993:Fig. 2).	alascensis Merriam, 1900; harroldi Swarth, 1931; helvolus (Richardson, 1828); minusculus Osgood, 1904; nigripes (True, 1894); phaiocephalus Manning and Macpherson, 1958; subarticus Bee and Hall, 1956; yukonensis Merriam, 1900.	<p>Rausch (1953) proposed the synonymy of trimucronatus and nigripes under Old World L. sibiricus, a taxonomic arrangement elaborated by Rausch and Rausch (1975b) and maintained in subsequent faunal and systematic works (Banfield, 1974; Hall, 1981; Honacki et al., 1982; Jones et al., 1986, 1997; Musser and Carleton, 1993). As now understood, L. trimucronatus is the only true lemming to exhibit a recent transberingian geographic distribution; see Chernyavskii et al. (1993) and Federov et al. (1999a), who speculated about Beringian history and possible dispersion pathways for lemmings. North American subspecies revised by Davis (1944) and retained as such by Hall and Cockrum (1953) and Hall and Kelson (1959); North American populations reviewed by Batzli (1999). Corbet and Hill (1991) continued to recognize the St. George Isl form nigripes as a species.</p><p>Among Eurasian Lemmus, hybridization results (Pokrovski et a... [truncated]	Nearctic Brown Lemming
13000237	Microtus	Schrank 1798	GENUS					Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Fauna Boica vol.1 1 p.72	Microtus terrestris Schrank, 1798 (= Mus arvalis Pallas, 1778).	Agricola  Blasius, 1857; Alexandromys Ognev, 1914; Ammomys Bonaparte, 1831; Arbusticola Shidlovsky, 1919; Arvalomys Chaline, 1974; Aulacomys Rhoads, 1894; Bicunedens Hodgson, 1863; Campicola Schulze, 1890 [not Swainson, 1827]; Campicoloma Strand, 1928; Chilotus Baird, 1857; Euarvicola Acloque, 1899; Herpetomys Merriam, 1898; Iberomys Chaline, 1972; Isodelta Cope, 1871; Meridiopitymys Chaline, 1974; Micrurus Major, 1877 [not Ehrenberg, 1831]; Mynomes Rafinesque, 1817; Oecomicrotus Rabeder, 1981; Orthriomys Merriam, 1898; Pallasiinus Kretzoi, 1964; Parapitymys Chaline, 1978; Pedomys Baird, 1857; Pinemys Lesson, 1836; Pitymys McMurtrie, 1831; Psammomys Le Conte, 1830 [not Cretzschmar, 1828], Steneocranius Trouessart, 1904; Stenocranius Kastschenko, 1901; Sumeriomys Argyropulo, 1933; Suranomys Chaline, 1972; Sylvicola Fatio, 1867 [not Harris, 1782, or Humphrey, 1797]; Terricola Fatio, 1867 [not Fleming, 1828]; Tetramerodon Rhoads, 1894; Tibercola Koenigswald, Fejfar, and Tchernov, 1992; Tyrrhenicola Major, 1905.			<p>Arvicolini. Nowhere are the explosiveness and recency of arvicoline evolution more dramatically highlighted than by the inconsistency of systematic treatment of genus-group taxa to be subsumed by Microtus. Little consensus exists concerning the morphological limits or monophyly of many of these taxa, a situation that partly reflects the overly narrow reliance of our classifications on dental characters undergoing rapid change (see Guthrie, 1971; Koenigswald, 1980). The recency of speciation is another contributory factorConroy and Cook (2000a) dated the major pulse of diversification within Microtus as only 1.3 million years ago. See accounts of Blanfordimys, Chionomys, Lasiopodomys, Neodon, Phaiomys, and Proedromys, often included in Microtus but which are here treated as genera.</p><p>North American forms revised by Bailey (1900) and taxonomy updated by Hall and Cockrum (1953) and Hall (1981); many aspects of a... [truncated]	
13000238	Microtus	Schrank 1798	SUBGENUS				Microtus	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Fauna Boica vol.1 1 p.72	Microtus terrestris Schrank, 1798 (= Mus arvalis Pallas, 1778).					
13000239	Terricola	Fatio 1867	SUBGENUS				Terricola	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia						[not Fleming, 1828]	
13000240	Mynomes	Rafinesque 1817	SUBGENUS				Mynomes	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia							
13000241	Alexandromys	Ognev 1914	SUBGENUS				Alexandromys	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia							
13000242	Stenocranius	Kastschenko 1901	SUBGENUS				Stenocranius	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia							
13000243	Pitymys	McMurtrie 1831	SUBGENUS				Pitymys	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia							
13000244	Pedomys	Baird 1857	SUBGENUS				Pedomys	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia							
13000245	Microtus abbreviatus	Miller 1899	SPECIES			abbreviatus	See comments.	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.13 p.13		fisheri  Merriam, 1900.	Hall and St. Matthew Isls, Bering Sea (Alaska, USA).	IUCN  Data Deficient.	An insular relative of M. miurus of the Alaskan mainland, generally retained as a species (Fedyk, 1970; Jones et al., 1997; Rausch and Rausch, 1968) but separate status questioned (Conroy and Cook, 2000a). Also see accounts of M. gregalis and M. miurus.	Insular Vole
13000246	Microtus agrestis	Linnaeus 1761	SPECIES			agrestis	Microtus	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Fauna Suecica, 2nd ed. p.11		agrestoides  Hinton, 1910; angustifrons (Fatio, 1905); arcturus Thomas, 1912; argyropoli Ognev, 1944; argyropuli Ognev, 1950; argyropuloi Ognev, 1952; armoricanus Heim de Balsac and Beaufort, 1966; bailloni (de Sélys Longchamps, 1841); britannicus (de Sélys Longchamps, 1847); bucklandii (Giebel, 1847); carinthiacus Kretzoi, 1958; enez-groezi Heim de Balsac and Beaufort, 1966; estiae Reinwaldt, 1927; exsul Miller, 1908; fiona Montagu, 1922; gregarius (Linneaus, 1766); hirta (Bellamy, 1839); insul Lydekker, 1909; insularis (Nilsson, 1844); intermedia (Bonaparte, 1845); latifrons (Fatio, 1905); levernedii (Crespon, 1844); luch Barrett-Hamilton and Hinton, 1913; macgillivrayi Barrett-Hamilton and Hinton, 1913; mial Barrett-Hamilton and Hinton, 1913; mongol Thomas, 1911; neglectus (Jenyns, 1841); nigra (Fatio, 1869); nigricans (Kerr, 1792); ognevi Scalon, 1935; orioecus Cabrera, 1924; pannonicus Ehik, 1924; pallida Melander, 1938; punctus Montagu, 1923; rozianus (Bocage, 1865); rufa (Fatio, 1900); scaloni Heptner, 1948; tridentinus Dal Piaz, 1924; wettsteini Ehik, 1928.	Britain and nearby small islands (except Ireland); continental distribution extends from Scandinavia and Baltic region (Miljutin, 1997, 1998; Timm et al., 1998) east through Siberia to the Lena River; in the south from N and C Portugal, Pyrennes of N Spain (Brunet-Lecomte, 1991; Castiens and Gosalbez, 1992; Torre et al., 1996), France, Belgium, Netherlands (Lange, 1992), Germany (Dolch et al., 1994), Switzerland (Hausser, 1995), Austria, Czech Republic (And&#277;ra and &#268;ervený, 1994; maha, 1996), Slovakia (Danko, 1994; Kminiak, 1996; Moanský, 1994; Stanko, 1995; Stanko and Moanský, 1994, 2000; Stanko et al., 2000), N Italy (Amori et al., 1999; Locatelli and Paolucci, 1996a), Poland, Hungary, Slovenia (Krytufek, 1991), east through N Croatia and N Bosnia and Herzegovina (Petrov, 1992), N Serbia, Romania, Ukraine, and Kazhakstan to S Urals, Altai Mtns, NW China (NW Xinjiang; Zhang et al., 1997), and Lake Baikal region (Corbet, 1978c; Krapp and Niethammer, 1982; Mitchell-Jones et al., 1999).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>Subgenus Microtus, agrestis species group sensu Zagorodnyuk (1990). Considered a member of subgenus Microtus by Pavlinov et al. (1995a), Gromov and Erbajeva (1995), and Meyer et al. (1996), but placed in subgenus Agricola by Zagorodnyuk (1990). Although once regarded as conspecific with North American M. pennsylvanicus on morphological grounds (Klimkiewicz, 1970), chomosomal differences indicate those similarities to represent convergence, not phylogenetic alliance (Vorontsov and Lyapunova, 1976; Zagorodnyuk, 1990). Phylogenetic inference based on cytochrome b sequences also widely separated M. agrestis from any North American Microtus (Conroy and Cook, 2000a), and allozymic analysis isolated it by large genetic distances from nine other Eurasian Microtus sampled (Mezhzherin et al., 1993).</p><p>Distribution in Portugal, Spain and France and morphometric discrimination from other Microtus</... [truncated]	Field Vole
13000247	Microtus anatolicus	Krytufek and Kefelio&#287;lu 2002	SPECIES			anatolicus	Microtus	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bonn. Zool. Beitr. vol.50 p.8			Known only from the type locality and vicinity.		Subgenus Microtus, socialis species group. When Kefelio&#287;lu and Krytufek (1999) first identified this 2n = 60 population, they refrained from designating it a new species until the characterization of M. irani was improved; such was later accomplished by Krytufek and Kefelio&#287;lu (2002), who described significant morphological traits that distinguish it from their new species, M. anatolicus (no chromosomal data are available for M. irani from its type locality). Microtus anatolicus is chromosomally close to Turkish samples of M. socialis (2n = 62, FN = 60), but Krytufek and Kefelio&#287;lu (2002) claimed that "categorical cranial differences provide strong evidence against restricting the new species to a merely Robertsonian population of M. socialis."	Anatolian Vole
13400552	Heteropsomys	Anthony 1916	GENUS					Heteropsomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Ann. New York Acad. Sci. vol.27 p.203	Heteropsomys insulans Anthony, 1916.	Homopsomys  Anthony, 1917.			Includes Homopsomys; see comments under the subfamily.	
13000248	Microtus arvalis	Pallas 1778	SPECIES			arvalis	Microtus	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Nova Spec. Quadr. Glir. Ord. p.78		albus  (Bechstein, 1801); arvensis (Schinz, 1840); angularis Miller, 1908; assimilis (Rörig and Börner, 1905) [nomen nudum]; assimilis Miller, 1912; asturianus Miller, 1908; ater (de Sélys Longchamps, 1845) [nomen nudum]; brevirostris Ognev, 1924; calypsus Montagu, 1923; campestris (Blasius, 1853); caucasicus Satunin, 1896; cimbricus Stein, 1931; contigua (Rörig and Börner, 1905); corneri Hinton, 1910; cunicularius (Ray, 1847); depressa (Rörig and Börig, 1905) [nomen nudum]; depressa Miller, 1912; duplicatus Rörig and Börner, 1905) [nomen nudum]; duplicatus Miller, 1912; flava (Fatio, 1905); fulva (Fatio, 1869, not Millet, 1828); fulvus Geoffroy, 1803 [not Desmarest, 1816]; fulvus (Miller, 1912) [not Millet, 1828 or Fatio, 1869; see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951:697 for status of this name]; galliardi (Fatio, 1905); ghalgai (Krassovsky, 1929) [nomen nudum; see Pavlinov et al., 1995a]; grandis Martino and Martino, 1948; gudauricus Ognev, 1929; hawelkae Bolkay, 1925; heptneri Hamar, 1963; hyrcania Goodwin, 1940; igmanensis Bolkay, 1919; incertus (de Sélys Longchamps, 1841); incognitus Stein, 1931; iphigeniae Heptner, 1946; khorkoutensis Goodwin, 1940; macrocranius Ognev, 1924; meldensis Delost, 1955; meridianus Miller, 1908; mystacinus (de Filippi, 1865); obscurus (Eversmann, 1841); orcadensis Millais, 1904; oyaensis Heim de Balsac, 1940; principalis (Rörig and Börig, 1905) [nomen nudum]; principalis Miller, 1912; rhodopensis Heinrich, 1936; ronaldshaiensis Hinton, 1913; rousiensis Hinton, 1913; rufescentefuscus (Schinz, 1845); ruthenus Ognev, 1950; sandayensis Millais, 1905; sarnius Miller, 1909; simplex (Rörig and Börig, 1905) [nomen nudum]; simplex Miller, 1912; terrestris (Schrank, 1798, not Linnaeus, 1758), transcaucasicus Ognev, 1924; transuralensis Serebrennikov, 1929; variabilis (Rörig and Börner, 1905) [nomen nudum]; variabilis Miller, 1912; vulgaris (Desmarest, 1822); westrae Miller, 1908. Some synonyms listed and much of the southern and eastern distribution outlined for M. arvalis by Ellerman and Morriscon-Scott (1951) and Corbet (1978c) actually refer to M. levis (formerly rossiaemeridionalis); see that account.	NE Portugal and C and N Spain (Brunet-Lecomte, 1991; Castien and Gosalbez, 1992; Gonzalez-Esteban et al., 1995) through France, Belgium, Netherlands (Jonkers, 1992, mapped distributional changes between 1850 and 1988), Germany (Dolch et al., 1994), Switzerland (Hausser, 1995; Maurizio, 1994), N Italy (Amori et al., 1999; Bigini and Turini, 1995; Cantini, 1991, Paolucci et al., 1993), Austria, Hungary, Czech Republic (And&#277;ra and &#268;ervený, 1994; maha, 1996), Slovakia (Danko, 1994; Kminiak, 1996; Moanský, 1994; Stanko, 1995; Stanko and Moanský, 1994, 2000; Stanko et al., 1994, 2000), Poland, the Baltic region (Miljutin, 1997, 1998; Timm et al., 1998), and Denmark (but not most of Fennoscandia), and eastward to C and S Urals in Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk, and Orenburg districts in Russia (Gileva et al., 1996); south through Slovenia (Krytufek, 1991), Serbia and Montenegro (Petrov, 1991), Romania, N and W Bulgaria; east through Russia from Krym (Crimea) and E Ukraine through Siberia to the upper Yenesei River; south through NW Mongolia, NW China (NW Xinjiang; Zhang et al., 1997), the Altai Mtns and Kazhakstan (Kovalskaya, 1994), to the Caucasus, N and E Turkey (Krytufek and Vohralík, 2001; Pamukoglu and Albayrak, 1996), NW Iran and east through the Elburz Mtns to N Khorassan Prov. of NE Iran (Lay, 1967; type series of khorkoutensis and holotype of hyrcania; see below). Also insular populations on the Orkney Isls (Channel Isls, but not the British Isles), and Yeu (France).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as M. arvalis and M. obscurus.	<p>Subgenus Microtus, arvalis species group (Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987, 1998; Pavlinov et al., 1995a; Zagorodnyuk, 1990). Most closely related to M. levis (formerly rossiaemeredionalis), M. transcaspicus, and M. ilaeus (Meyer et al., 1996). Phylogenetic analysis of cytochrome b sequences reinforces the strong alliance between M. arvalis and M. levis (Conroy and Cook, 2000a).</p><p>Monograph edited by Sokolov and Bashenina (1994) encapsulates karyology, geographic distribution, taxonomy, morphology, ecology, and contrasts with M. levis (as rossiaemeridionalis). So broadly a distributed species has spawned numerous karyotypic studies on chromosomal variation, genomic mapping, and interspecific comparisons (Baskevich, 1996b; Burgos et al., 1989; Gileva et al., 1996; Mazurok et al., 1996a; Mitev and Mitev, 1991c; Zima and Kral, 1984a; Zima et al., 1997a). Morphol... [truncated]	Common Vole
13000249	Microtus bavaricus	Konig 1962	SPECIES			bavaricus	Terricola	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Senckenberg. Biol. vol.43 p.2			Germany, Bavarian Alps (N margin of E Alps at type locality and across the border in Tyrol region of Austria; Haring et al., 2000; Konig, 1982).	IUCN  Data Deficient.	Subgenus Terricola, subterraneus species group sensu Chaline et al. (1988) and Pavlinov et al. (1995a). Taxonomic history reviewed by Haring et al. (2000) and Spitzenberger et al. (2000). The morphological separation of bavaricus from its close relatives, M. multiplex and M. liechtensteini, was confirmed by Spitzenberger et al. (2000) in a multivariate analysis of m1s. In another morphometric analysis of m1s, M. bavaricus (only three teeth) was phenetically closest to M. tatricus (Brunet-Lecomte and Nadachowski, 1998), but phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences (mitochondrial control region, CR) discounts close affinity with M. tatricus (Haring et al., 2000) and instead allies M. bavaricus with M. liechtensteini (see account). Microtus bavaricus is extinct at the type locality (Haring et al., 2000; Spitzenberger et al., 2000), but still lives in the N Tyrol region of the Alps... [truncated]	Bavarian Pine Vole
13000250	Microtus brachycercus	Lehmann 1961	SPECIES			brachycercus	Terricola	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Zool. Anz. vol.167 p.223			Calabrian Peninsula of S Italy (Krapp, 1982c; Galleni et al., 1998).		Subgenus Terricola, savii species group (Chaline et al., 1988; Zagorodnyuk, 1990). Initially described as a subspecies of M. savii (Lehmann, 1961) and usually retained in that species (Corbet, 1978c; Krapp, 1982c; Krapp and Winking, 1976; Mitchell-Jones et al., 1999; Pavlinov et al., 1995a). Karyotype of samples from Calabrian region is similar to those from elsewhere on the Italian Peninsula and Sicily (2n = 54), but the X chromosome is larger and submetacentric (small metacentric in M. savii) and the Y is twice the size (Galleni et al., 1992, 1998; Niethammer, 1981). F1 hybrids obtained between savii and brachycercus, but F2 offspring were not produced because F1 males are sterile; those data, the gonosomal differences, and morphological traits (Lehmann, 1961) prompted Galleni et al. (1994, 1998) to recognize brachycercus as a species endemic to the Calabrian Peninsula of S Italy.	Calabria Pine Vole
13000251	Microtus breweri	Baird 1857	SPECIES			breweri	Mynomes	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Mammalia, in Repts. U.S. Expl. Surv. vol.8 1 p.525			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Mynomes, pennsylvanicus species group sensu Zagorodnyuk (1990). An insular vicariant of M. pennsylvanicus, the two are inseparable karyotypically (Fivush et al., 1975; Modi, 1986), marginally distinct electrophoretically (Kohn and Tamarin, 1978), but morphologically sharply discrete (Bailey, 1900; Miller, 1896; Moyer et al., 1988). Although posited as conspecific with M. pennsylvanicus (e.g., Corbet and Hill, 1991; Jones et al., 1986; Modi, 1986; Whitaker and Hamilton, 1998), Moyer et al. (1988) mustered convincing evidence for the retention of breweri as a species. See Tamarin and Kunz (1974, Mammalian Species, 45).	Beach Vole
13000252	Microtus cabrerae	Thomas 1906	SPECIES			cabrerae	Microtus	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.17 p.576		dentatus  Miller, 1910.	Fragmented range in Spain and Portugal; and; subfossils document past occurrence of M. cabrerae in French side of the Pyrenees, which is outside its modern range (Corbet, 1984; Fernández-Salvador, 1998, 2000; Mitchell-Jones et al., 1999; Niethammer, 1982f).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Microtus, agrestis species group (Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987, 1998; Pavlinov et al., 1995a). Placed in subgenus Agricola by Zagorodnyuk (1990); Chaline (1974) used the subgenus Iberomys, a name superceded by Agricola, for dentatus and brecciensis. Biochemical and chromosomal data reported by Millet et al. (1982), Burgos et al. (1989), and Jimenez et al. (1991); other chromosomal data contributed by Zima and Kral (1984a); molecular and cytogenetic characteristics of satellite DNA and heterochromatin reported by Modi (1993). Biological and morphometric traits of Spanish samples and their significance evaluated by Ventura et al. (1998); occurrence in Spain, Portugal and France (subfossils) and morphometric discrimination from other Microtus and Chionomys in the same region documented by Madureira (1983). Closely related to the Pleistocene M. brecciensis, recorded from Spain, SE France, an... [truncated]	Cabreras Vole
13000509	Reithrodontomys microdon	Merriam 1901	SPECIES			microdon	Aporodon	Reithrodontomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. vol.3 p.548		albilabris  Merriam, 1901; wagneri Hooper, 1950.	Isolated pockets in highlands of N Michoacán and Distrito Federal, N Oaxaca, and C and S Chiapas (see Espinosa M. et al., 1999a), México, and WC Guatemala.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Aporodon, tenuirostris species group. Included forms doubtfully conspecific; e.g., in cladistic reconstructions based on allozymic data, Guatemalan and Mexican samples of R. microdon are paraphyletic with respect to R. tenuirostris (Arellano et al., 2003).	Small-toothed Harvest Mouse
13000253	Microtus californicus	Peale 1848	SPECIES			californicus	See comments.	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Mammalia in Repts. U.S. Expl. Surv. vol.8 p.46		aequivocatus  Osgood, 1928; aestuarinus Kellogg, 1918; constrictus Bailey, 1900; edax (Le Conte, 1853); eximius Kellogg, 1918; grinnelli Huey, 1931; halophilus Von Bloeker, 1937; hyperuthrus Elliot, 1903; kernensis Kellogg, 1918; mariposae Kellogg, 1918; mohavensis Kellogg, 1918; neglectus Kellogg, 1918; paludicola Hatfield, 1935; perplexabilis Grinnell, 1926; sanctidiegi Kellogg, 1918 [replacement name for neglectus Kellogg, 1918]; sanpabloensis Thaeler, 1961; scirpensis Bailey, 1900; stephensi Von Bloeker, 1932; trowbridgii (Baird, 1857); vallicola Bailey, 1898.	Oak woodlands and grasslands of Pacific coast, from SW Oregon through California, USA, to N Baja California Norte, México.	U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Vulnerable as M. c. mohavensis and M. c. scirpensis, Data Deficient as M. c. stephensi, Lower Risk (nt) as M. c. vallicola, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	Broadly affiliated with other North American Microtus, but evidence for nearest specific relative contradictory (compare assessments of Anderson, 1959; Conroy and Cook, 2000a; Hooper and Hart, 1962; Moore and Janecek, 1990). Zagorodnyuk (1990) acknowledged enigmatic phyletic stature as sole member of californicus species group, subgenus Mynomes. Geographic races delineated by Kellogg (1918); Gill (1980) recorded instances of sterility in hybrids between M. c. californicus and M. c. stephensi.	California Vole
13000254	Microtus canicaudus	Miller 1897	SPECIES			canicaudus	Mynomes	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.11 p.67			Willamette Valley, NW Oregon (Verts and Carraway, 1998:Fig. 11-111) and adjacent Washington, USA.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Mynomes. Reduced to a subspecies of M. montanus by Hall and Kelson (1951); resurrected to specific status based on karyotypic and electrophoretic evidence (Hsu and Johnson, 1970; Johnson, 1968; Modi, 1986). Sibling species to M. montanus (Hoffmann and Koeppl, 1985; Modi, 1986, 1987; Zagorodnyuk, 1990) or to M. townsendii (Conroy and Cook, 2000a; Conroy et al., 2001). See Verts and Carraway (1987, Mammalian Species, 267).	Gray-tailed Vole
13000255	Microtus chrotorrhinus	Miller 1894	SPECIES			chrotorrhinus	See comments.	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. vol.26 p.190		carolinensis  Komarek, 1932; ravus Bangs, 1898.	S Labrador south through S Quebec and Ontario, Canada, to NE Minnesota, N New York, and N New England states, USA; isolated segments in the C (S New York, NE Pennsylvania) and S Appalachian Mtns (W Maryland to E Tennessee and W North Carolina).	IUCN  Data Deficient as M. c. ravus, Lower Risk (nt) as M. c. carolinensis, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	Although conventionally viewed as closely related to (Anderson, 1960), if not conspecific with (Hall and Kelson, 1959), M. xanthognathus, morphological, chromosomal, and molecular information reveals their more distant kinship (Bailey, 1900; Conroy and Cook, 2000a; Guilday, 1982; R. A. Martin, 1973, 1979; Rausch and Rausch, 1974). The expanded definition of the subgenus Aulacomys (= M. chrotorrhinus, M. longicaudus, M. richardsoni, M. xanthognathus) as conceived by Zagorodnyuk (1990) is decidedly polyphyletic on parsimony and likelihood trees generated from mitochondrial DNA sequences (Conroy and Cook, 2000a). Genic variation evaluated by Kilpatrick and Crowell (1985). See Kirkland and Jannett (1982, Mammalian Species, 180).	Rock Vole
13000256	Microtus clarkei	Hinton 1923	SPECIES			clarkei	Alexandromys	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.11 p.158			High mountains, ca. 3300-4300 m, of W and S Yunnan (G. M. Allen, 1940; Zhang et al., 1997), SE Xizang (Feng et al., 1986, as M. millicens), SE Tibet (China) and N Burma (Ellerman, 1961; also FMNH 40960-40963).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt) as Volemys clarkei.	Subgenus Alexandromys. Placed in Volemys by Zagorodnyuk (1990) as the only member of the clarkei species group, an arrangement followed by Musser and Carleton (1993) and Pavlinov et al. (1995a). Hinton (1923), however, compared M. clarkei with M. calamorum, now a synonym of M. fortis, and thought the two to be closely related, an alliance also implied by G. M. Allen (1940). Specimen examination leads us to concur: molar patterns are very similar in M. clarkei and M. fortis (see illustrations in Hinton, 1923), as are general skull conformation and body and tail proportions. In contrast to species of Volemys, M. clarkei lacks a low, smooth cranium, has smaller auditory bullae, and possesses M1-2 and m1-2 occlusal patterns like those of most other Microtus, not the configurations unique to Volemys (see that account). Although morphologically close to M. fortis, both Hintons (1923) and... [truncated]	Clarkes Vole
13000257	Microtus daghestanicus	Shidlovsky 1919	SPECIES			daghestanicus	Terricola	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Raboty Zemskoi Opytnoi Stantsi vol.2 p.12		intermedius  Shidlovsky, 1919 [not Bonaparte, 1845, or Taylor, 1911]; nasarovi (Schidlovsky, 1938); suramensis Heptner, 1948 [see Corbet, 1978c, for origin of this replacement name].	N Caucasus Mtns (S Russia) and S Caucasus from Georgia south to S Armenia and Azerbaijan (Achverdjan et al., 1992) and in adjacent E Black Sea Mtns of NE Turkey (Krytufek and Vohralík, 2001); possibly occurs in NW Iran.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt) as M. nasarovi, Lower Risk (lc) as M. doghestanicus.	<p>Subgenus Terricola, subterraneus species group (Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1998; Pavlinov et al., 1995a; Zagorodnyuk, 1990). Included in Pitymys subterraneus by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) or in P. majori by Corbet (1978c). However, Kratochvíl and Kral (1974), Baskevich et al. (1984), Achverdjan et al. (1992), and Baskevich (1997) provided evidence that supports daghestanicus as a separate species, a stature broadly endorsed (Gromov and Erbajeva, 1995; Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987, 1998; Pavlinov et al., 1995a). Closely related to M. subterraneus and M. majori (Baskevich, 1997; Macholán et al., 2001; Mezhzherin et al., 1995). Zima and Kral (1984a) reviewed chromosomal information. Bashkevich (1997) contributed other karyotypic and spermatozoal analyses and identified morphological traits potentially useful for discriminating M. daghestanicus and M. majori in sympatry.<... [truncated]	Caucasus Pine Vole
13400263	Dasyprocta punctata subsp. zamorae	Allen 1915	SUBSPECIES		zamorae	punctata		Dasyprocta	Dasyproctidae	Rodentia							
13000259	Microtus duodecimcostatus	de Selys-Longchamps 1839	SPECIES			duodecimcostatus	Terricola	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Rev. Zool. Paris p.8		centralis  (Miller, 1908); flavescens (Cabrera, 1924); fuscus (Miller, 1908); ibericus (Gerbe, 1854); pascuus (Miller, 1911); provincialis (Miller, 1909); regulus (Miller, 1908).	S Portugal, Spain (except NW region; Brunet-Lecomte, 1991; Castiens and Gosalbez, 1992; Torre et al., 1996), and SE France.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Terricola, duodecimcostatus species group (Chaline et al., 1988; Pavlinov et al., 1995a). Reviewed by Niethammer (1982i) and Mitchell-Jones et al. (1999). Mathias (1996) morphometrically analyzed cranial variation within M. duodecimcostatus and compared it with M. lusitanicus; craniometric analyses contrasting M. duodecimcostatus with M. gerbii and M. lusitanicus documented by Spitz (1978). Chromosomal data summarized by Zima and Kral (1984a); meiotic behavior of sex chromosomes reported by Carnero et al. (1991). Garcia (1992) reported complete albinism in a population from SW Spain, the only instance of abnormal pelage coloration so far known. Presence of both M. duodecimcostatus and M. lusitanicus&nbsp;recorded from Upper Palaeolithic to Neolithic cave sediments in central Portugal; only the latter is present in the modern fauna (Brunet-Lecomte and Povoas, 1993). The proficient ... [truncated]	Mediterranean Pine Vole
13000260	Microtus evoronensis	Kovalskaya and Sokolov 1980	SPECIES			evoronensis	Alexandromys	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Zool. Zh. vol.59 p.1410			Known only from the type locality (Meyer et al., 1996).	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Subgenus Alexandromys, maximowiczii species group (Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1998; Pavlinov et al., 1995a; Zagorodnyuk, 1990). Placed in subgenus Microtus by Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987) and Meyer et al. (1996). Considered closely related to M. mujanensis and M. maximowiczii (Meyer, 1983); close kinship to M. mujanensis sustained by molar variation within the M. maximowiczii species group (Pozdnyakov, 1993) and by data accumulated from morphological, karyological, and hybridization studies (Meyer et al., 1996).	Evoron Vole
13000261	Microtus felteni	Malec and Storch 1963	SPECIES			felteni	Terricola	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Senckenberg. Biol. vol.44 p.171			Endemic to the Balkan region: S Serbia, Macedonia (Zima et al., 1997a), Albania, and N Greece; Niethammer (1982h, 1987b); Mitchell-Jones et al. (1999).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Terricola, savii species group (Chaline et al., 1988; Pavlinov et al., 1995a). Reviewed by Niethammer (1982h) and Mitchell-Jones et al. (1999). Chromosomal data consolidated by Zima and Kral (1984a); biochemical comparisons among M. felteni, M. subterraneus, and other species conducted by Gill et al. (1987).	Balkan Pine Vole
13000262	Microtus fortis	Büchner 1889	SPECIES			fortis	Alexandromys	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Wiss. Res. Przewalski's Cent.- Asien. Reisen, Zool. vol.I:(Säugeth.) p.99		calamorum  Thomas, 1902; dolichocephalus Mori, 1930; fujianensis Hong, 1981; michnoi Kastschenko, 1910; pelliceus Thomas, 1911; superus Thomas, 1911; uliginosus James and Johnson, 1955.	Lowlands of Transbaikalia and Amur region (Kovalskaya et al., 1988; Meyer et al., 1996), south through E and C China (Heilongjiang and Nei Mongol; south through Jilin, Liaoning, and Shandong to Ningxia, Shaanxi, Gansu, NE Sichuan, and C Guizhou; east through N Guangxi and Hunan to N Jiangxi, Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, and S Anhui; Zhang et al., 1997); also on Sakhalin Isl (Dobson, 1994; Voronov, 1992) and the Korean Peninsula (Won and Smith, 1999).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>Subgenus Alexandromys (Zagorodnyuk, 1990) or subgenus Microtus (Gromov and Polyakov, 1977; Meyer et al., 1996; Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987). Most researchers view this species as phylogenetically close to M. mongolicus (Meyer, 1983; Meyer et al., 1996; Radjabli et al., 1984). Zagorodnyuk (1990) listed M. fortis as the only member of its species group and related to the M. middendorfii group, which contains M. middendorffii, M. miurus, M. mongolicus, and M. sachaliensis. This association is supported by allozymic analysis (Mezhzherin et al., 1993); data integrated from chromosomal, morphological and hybridization studies (Meyer et al., 1996); and phylogenetic analysis of cytochrome b, also including M. montebelli, M. kikuchii, and M. oeconomus (Conroy and Cook, 2000a). Chromosomal variation and its significance assessed by Kovalskaya et a... [truncated]	Reed Vole
13000273	Microtus longicaudus	Merriam 1888	SPECIES			longicaudus	See comments.	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Am. Nat. vol.22 p.934		abditus  A. B. Howell, 1923; alticola (Merriam, 1890); angusticeps Bailey, 1898; angustus Hall, 1931; baileyi Goldman, 1938; bernardinus Merriam, 1908; cautus J. A. Allen, 1899; coronarius Swarth, 1911; halli Hayman and Holt, 1941 [replacement name for angustus Hall, 1931]; incanus Lee and Durrant, 1960; latus Hall, 1931; leucophaeus (J. A. Allen, 1894); littoralis Swarth, 1933; macrurus Merriam, 1898; mordax (Merriam, 1891); sierrae Kellogg, 1922; vellerosus J. A. Allen, 1899.	Rocky Mountains and adjacent foothills, from E Alaska and N Yukon, south through British Columbia and SW Alberta, Canada, to E California and W Colorado; including Pacific coastal taiga to N California; disjunct southern pockets in S California, Arizona, and New Mexico, USA.	IUCN  Data Deficient as M. l. bernardinus, M. l. coronarius, and M. l. leucophaeus, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	<p>Sometimes viewed as a Nearctic member of Chionomys (Anderson, 1959), or allocated to subgenus Microtus (Chaline, 1974; Hall, 1981), or to subgenus Aulacomys (Zagorodnyuk, 1990). Although strongly differentiated relative to other North American Microtus (e.g., Hooper and Hart, 1962; Modi, 1987; Moore and Janecek, 1990), the phyletic affinity of M. longicaudus lies with this complex and not Old World Chionomys (Chaline and Graf, 1988; Conroy and Cook, 2000a; Gromov and Polyakov, 1977; Zagorodnyuk, 1990).</p><p>Extensive karyotypic (Judd and Cross, 1980) and molecular (Conroy and Cook, 2000b) variation reported, albeit not necessarily concordant, which invites continued taxonomic investigation. Well-defined geographic groupings of cytochrome b haplotypes interpreted in light of Pleistocene climatic changes, possible refugia, and likely isolation during northward reexpansion along different colonizing routes (Conroy a... [truncated]	Long-tailed Vole
13500235	Lepus timidus subsp. transbaicalicus	Ognev 1929	SUBSPECIES		transbaicalicus	timidus	Lepus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13000303	Microtus townsendii	Bachman 1839	SPECIES			townsendii	Mynomes	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.8 p.60		cowani  Guiguet, 1955; cummingi Hall, 1936; laingi Anderson and Rand, 1943; occidentalis (Peale, 1848); pugeti Dalquest, 1940; tetramerus (Rhoads, 1894).	Wet meadows and marshes of Pacific Northwest, from extreme SW British Columbia, Canada, to NW California, USA, including Vancouver and neighboring islands.	IUCN  Lower Risk (cd) as M. t. cowani, otherwise Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Mynomes, pennsylvanicus species group (Zagorodnyuk, 1990). Broadly allied with M. pennsylvanicus and M. montanus (Anderson, 1959; Hooper and Hart, 1962; Modi, 1987); sister species to M. canicaudus according to phyletic reconstructions of cytochrome b sequences (Conroy and Cook, 2000a). See Cornely and Verts (1988, Mammalian Species, 325).	Townsends Vole
13000263	Microtus gerbei	Gerbe 1879	SPECIES			gerbei	Terricola	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Le Naturaliste vol.1 p.51		brunneus  (Miller, 1908); planiceps (Miller, 1908); pyrenaicus (de Sélys Longchamps, 1847).	SW France north to the Loire, and south through the Pyrenees Mtns of France and N Spain (Castien and Gosalbez, 1992; Krapp, 1982d; Mitchell-Jones et al., 1999).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>Subgenus Terricola, savii species group (Chaline et al., 1988; Zagorodnyuk, 1990; Pavlinov et al., 1995a). Reviewed by Krapp (1982d) under the name pyrenaicus; according to Spitz (1978), the latter is a nomen dubium and gerbei assumes priority, an opinion currently maintained (Mitchell-Jones et al., 1999). Corbet (1978c) included gerbei in M. savii, but chromosomal and craniometric studies underscore its specific integrity (Kratochvíl and Kral, 1974; Spitz, 1978). Chromosomal data (as pyrenaicus) summarized by Zima and Kral (1984a).</p><p>Brunet-Lecomte and Chaline (1993) and Brunet-Lecomte et al. (1995) identified gerbei and pyrenaicus as subspecies based on morphometric analysis of molar morphology. Another multivariate analysis of dental measurements phenetically placed M. gerbei (as pyrenaicus) between M. duodecimcostatus and M. subterraneus... [truncated]	Pyreneean Pine Vole
13000264	Microtus gregalis	Pallas 1779	SPECIES			gregalis	Stenocranius	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Nova Spec. Quad. Glir. Ord. p.238		angelicus  Hinton, 1910; angustus Thomas, 1908; brevicauda Kastschenko, 1901; buturlini (Ognev, 1922); castaneus Kashkarov, 1923; dolguschini Afanasiev, 1939; dukelskiae Ognev, 1950; egorovi Baranov and Feigin, 1980; eversmanni (Poljakov, 1881); kossogolicus (Ognev, 1923); kriogenicus Rekovets, 1978; major (Ognev, 1923); montosus Argyropulo, 1932; nordenskioldi (Poljakov, 1881); pallasii Kastschenko, 1901 [nomen nudum]; raddei (Poljakov, 1881); ravidulus Miller, 1899; sirtalaensis Yung, 1966; slowzowi (Poljakov, 1881); talassicus Heptner, 1948; tarbagataicus Ognev, 1944; tianschanicus Buchner, 1889; tundrae Ognev, 1944; unguiculatus (Vinogradov, 1935); zachvatkini Heptner, 1945.	Discontinuous distribution in four regions. Largest range is in forests or steppes from Volga River eastward through Kazakhstan, across the Pamirs, Tien Shan and Altai Mtns, NW China (NW Xinjiang), N Mongolia, and Transbaikalia to Amur area and NE China (Heilongjiang, Nei Mongol, Hebei, and Henan; Zhang et al., 1997); another area is to the north in the Lena River Basin; last two are farther north in the Siberian tundra, where one area stretches from the Kolyma River area west to Taymyr Peninsula, the other from mouth of the Ob River to the White Sea. Absent from the British Isles.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>Subgenus Stenocranius, the only included species (Gromov and Polyakov, 1977; Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987, 1998; Pavlinov et al., 1995a; Zagorodnyuk, 1990). Corbet (1978c) claimed that M. abbreviatus on Hall and St Matthews Isls in the Bering Sea and M. miurus in Alaska are closely related vicariant species; based on morphological and zoogeographic criteria, Rausch (1964) considered North American miurus to be conspecific with Asian gregalis. Ample studies and an array of data convincingly refute this connection and reveal the morphological similarities between M. gregalis and M. miurus as convergent (Conroy and Cook, 2000a; Fedyk, 1970; Vorontsov and Lyapunova, 1976; Zagorodnyuk, 1990; also see M. miurus). Allozymic analysis by Mezhzherin et al. (1993) placed M. gregalis in a clade with M. oeconomus, M. middendorfii, M. fortis, and Lasiopodo... [truncated]	Narrow-headed Vole
13000265	Microtus guatemalensis	Merriam 1898	SPECIES			guatemalensis	See comments.	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.12 p.108			Highland meadows of C Chiapas, México, and C Guatemala.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Type species of Herpetomys, usually placed in Microtus, with (Bailey, 1900) or without (Hall, 1981) subgeneric division; or placed in Pitymys when used as a genus (Honacki et al., 1982; R. A. Martin, 1974). Sister species to M. oaxacensis according to cladistic interpretation of molar characters (R. A. Martin, 1995) and cytochrome b sequence data (Conroy et al., 2001). The latter evidence indicates that Herpetomys should be considered a junior synonym of Pitymys, whether used as subgenus or genus.	Guatemalan Vole
13000266	Microtus guentheri	Danford and Alston 1880	SPECIES			guentheri	Microtus	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1880 p.62		ankaraensis  Yi&#287;it and Çolak, 2002; hartingi Barrett-Hamilton, 1903; lydius Blackler, 1916; macedonicus Kretzoi, 1964; machintoni Bate, 1937; martinoi Petrov, 1939; mustersi Hinton, 1926; philistinus Thomas, 1917; shevketi Neuhäuser, 1936; strandzensis Markov, 1960. See Golenishchev et al. (2000b) for map of most type localities.	Lowlands and foothills of SE Europe (Niethammer, 1982e) in S Serbia and Macedonia (Petrov, 1992), SE Bulagaria, Greece (Vohralík, 1992), and Turkish Thrace (also on isls of St. Thomas and Lesbos); extends across Anatolia, except E Black Sea Mtns (Kefelio&#287;lu and Krytufek, 1999; Krytufek and Vohralík, 2001), into coastal region of Syria, Lebanon and C Israel near Jaffa (Qumsiyeh, 1996); NE Iraq and NW Iran (south to Alïgûrdarz in Lurestan Prov and eastward to Tehran Prov; specimens identified by Krytufek and Kefelio&#287;lu, 2002, as "nonsocialis" voles); also on Cyrenaican Plateau and adjacent coastal plain of N Libya (Ranck, 1968); Krytufek (in litt., 2002) outlined the range in the Near East.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	<p>Subgenus Microtus, socialis species group (Zagorodnyuk, 1990) or subgenus Sumeriomys (Gromov and Polyakov, 1977; Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987; Pavlinov et al., 1995a). Corbet (1978c) initially included guentheri in M. socialis but later (1984) recognized its specific distinctness, a status earlier demonstrated by Neuhäuser (1936), Felten et al. (1971), and Morlok (1978). Harrison and Bates (1991) continued to unite guentheri with M. socialis. C- and G-banding chromosomal patterns in SE Bulgarian reported by Belcheva et al. (1980), and standard karyotype documented for SE Turkey by Çolak et al. (1997); molecular and cytogenetic characteristics of satellite DNA and heterochromatin reported by Modi (1993). Greater breadth of chromosomal data integrated by Zima and Kral (1984a) and Zima (in litt., 2002); 2n = 54, FN = 52-56 in M. guentheri and 2n and FN = 62 for M. socialis... [truncated]	Guenthers Vole
13000267	Microtus ilaeus	Thomas 1912	SPECIES			ilaeus	Microtus	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.9 p.348		igromovi Meir, Golenischev, Radjably, and Sablina, 1996; ileos Vinogradov, 1930; innae Ognev, 1950; kirgisorum (Ognev, 1950).	W Uzbekistan just south of the Aral Sea, eastward through S Kazakhstan nearly to border south of Lake Balkhash (Meyer et al., 1996:128) and into NW Xinjiang Prov., NW China (Zhang et al., 1997).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as M. kirgisorum.	Subgenus Microtus, arvalis species group (Meyer et al., 1996; Zagorodnyuk, 1990). Described as a subspecies of M. arvalis and later elevated to species (Meyer, 1983; Meyer et al., 1981), as now observed (Corbet, 1984; Gromov and Erbajeva, 1995; Musser and Carleton, 1993; Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987, 1995; Pavlinov et al., 1995a). Kovalskaya (1994) documented its distribution in E Kazakhstan, reported probable sympatry between M. kirgisorum and M. arvalis "obscurus" in the Ili River valley, and noted that the region circumscribed the type locality of Thomas ilaeus. Meyer et al. (1996) revised M. ilaeus, synonymizing kirgisorum and describing igromovi as a subspecies; Malygin and Luis (1996) associated innae with M. ilaeus. Chromosomal data (2n = 54, FN = 78) presented by Orlov et al. (1983), Kovalskaya (1994), and Meyer et al. (1996) in phylogenetic studies of the ... [truncated]	Kazakhstan Vole
13000391	Isthmomys flavidus	Bangs 1902	SPECIES			flavidus		Isthmomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. vol.9 p.27			Intermediate elevations in W Panamá (Chiriquí region) and on Azuero Peninsula (see Handley, 1966a).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Yellow Deermouse
13400560	Myocastor coypus subsp. melanops	Osgood 1943	SUBSPECIES		melanops	coypus		Myocastor	Myocastoridae	Rodentia							
13000268	Microtus irani	Thomas 1921	SPECIES			irani	Microtus	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. vol.27 p.580			Recorded only from the type locality.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>Subgenus Microtus, socialis species group (Zagorodnyuk, 1990). Most closely related to M. paradoxus, M. socialis, and M. guentheri. Described by Thomas (1921h) as a species known only from Shiraz, as recognized by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), but included in M. socialis by Ellerman (1941), Corbet (1978c), and Harrison and Bates (1991). Although Kock et al. (1972) and Kock and Nader (1983) reaffirmed the species integrity of M. irani, they uncritically expanded its geographic range to extend from Israel to W Iran, a definition later perpetuated by others (Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987, 1998; Zagorodnyuk, 1990; Musser and Carleton, 1993). Krytufek and Kefelio&#287;lu (2002), however, documented M. socialis proper as extending south into W Iran, along the Zagros Mtns to a locality 38 km west of Shiraz, where samples maintain an identity markedly unlike the type series ... [truncated]	Iranian Vole
13000269	Microtus kikuchii	Kuroda 1920	SPECIES			kikuchii	Alexandromys	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Dobuts. Zasshi vol.32 p.40-41			Highlands of Taiwan, usually above 3000 m (Lin et al., 1987; H.-T. Yu, 1993; M.-J. Yu, 1996).	IUCN  Vulnerable as Volemys kikuckii.	Subgenus Alexandromys. Zagorodnyuk (1990) listed this species as the only member of the kikuchii species group, genus Volemys, an arrangement followed by Musser and Carleton (1993); treated as a species of Microtus by Corbet and Hill (1992), or listed in Microtus, subgenus Volemys, by Pavlinov et al. (1995a). Contrast in cranial conformation between M. kikuchii and Volemys musseri, as well as their striking coronal dissimilarities, earlier emphasized by Lawrence (1982); Corbet and Hill (1992) speculated that M. kikuchii is closely allied to M. fortis, a kinship certainly indicated by molar patterns. Phylogenetic analysis of cytochrome b sequences arranged M. kikuchii as sister species of M. oeconomus, in a clade that includes M. fortis, M. middendorffii, and M. montebelli (Conroy and Cook, 2000a); furthermore, the standard kary... [truncated]	Taiwan Vole
13000270	Microtus levis	Miller 1908	SPECIES			levis	Microtus	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.1 p.197		caspicus  Ognev, 1950; epiroticus Ondrias, 1966; ghalgai Krassovsky, 1929; muhlisi Neuhäuser, 1936; relictus Neuhäuser, 1936; rhodopensis Heinrich, 1936; rossiaemeridionalis Ognev, 1924; subarvalis Meyer, Orlov, and Skholl, 1972 [not Heller, 1930].	S Finland and Baltic region (Miljutin, 1997, 1998; Timm et al., 1998), eastwards through S Urals (Gileva et al., 1996) and Novosibirsk suburbs in W Siberia (Yakimenko and Kryukov, 1997) to SW margin of Lake Baikal, south through the Caucasus (Baskevich, 1996b) and probably NW Iran, and across the Ukraine in the north and Turkey in the south (Krytufek and Vohralík, 2001) to E Slovakia (Moanský, 1994), E and S Romania (Zima et al., 1981), Bulgaria, Greece, Macedonia and S Serbia and Montenegro (Petrov, 1992), and E Albania; accidentally introduced to the Arctic Svalbard Archipelago (Fredga et al., 1990; Yoccoz et al., 1993; as epiroticus). Meyer et al. (1996) provide the best map.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Microtus rossiaemeridionalis.	<p>Subgenus Microtus, arvalis species group (Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987, 1998; Pavlinov et al., 1995a; Zagorodnyuk, 1990). Populations referable to this E European species (2n = 54, FN = 56), first separated from M. arvalis by Meyer et al. (1972), have been listed or discussed as subarvalis (Corbet, 1978c), epiroticus (Petrov and Ruzic, 1982), or rossiaemeridionalis (Sokolov and Bashenina, 1994). Nomenclatural usage reviewed by Fredga (1995); Masing (1999) consolidated reports over the last 30 years spread under those epithets. The senior status of levis remains provisional.</p><p>Microtus rossiaemeridionalis is accepted by most researchers (Gromov and Erbajeva, 1995; Mitchell-Jones et al., 1999; Zagorodnyuk, 1991a), following the assertions of Malygin and Yatsenko (1986), but others still prefer subarvalis (Mazurok et al., 1995) or epiroticus (Vohralík and Sofianidou, 1992a). Voh... [truncated]	East European Vole
13000271	Microtus liechtensteini	Wettstein 1927	SPECIES			liechtensteini	Terricola	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Anz. Akad. Wiss., Wien vol.20 p.2		petrovi  Krytufek, 1983.	SE Alps in N Italy (east of Adige River valley in Trentino), S and C Austria, and Slovenia; south to the NW Dinaric Alps in Croatia; southern isolates in Pannonian Plain in Croatia, C Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Mt Tara in W Serbia (Brunet-Lecomte and Krytufek, 1993; Haring et al., 2000).		Subgenus Terricola, M. subterraneus species group (placed in the duodecimcostatus species group by Pavlinov et al., 1995a). Listed as a subspecies of Pitymys subterraneus (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951), included in M. multiplex (Krapp, 1982b; Petrov, 1992), or viewed as a species (Corbet, 1978c; Krytufek, 1983; Petrov and Zivkovic, 1971). Taxonomic treatment of liechtensteini reviewed by Brunet-Lecomte and Krytufek (1993) and Spitzenberger et al. (2000). Two distinctive karyotypes exist, one (2n = 46-48, FN = 48-50) characteristic of M. multiplex (Brunet-Lecomte and Volobouev, 1994; Graf and Meylan, 1980), the other (2n = 46, FN = 46) referrable to M. liechtensteini (Graf and Meylan, 1980; Storch and Winking, 1977). Chromosomal data and hybridization reports have questioned the specific status of liechtensteini (Graf and Meylan, 1980; Storch and Winking, 1977; Zima and... [truncated]	Liechtensteins Pine Vole
13000272	Microtus limnophilus	Büchner 1889	SPECIES			limnophilus	Alexandromys	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Wiss. Res. Przewalski Cent.-Asien. Reis. Zool. vol.I: (Säugeth.) p.110		flaviventris  Satunin, 1903; malcolmi Thomas, 1911; malygini Courant et al., 1999.	NC China (from N Sichuan, E Qinghai, Gansu, and Shaanxi northeast through Ningxia to C Nei Mongol and NW Xinjiang; Zhang et al., 1997, as M. oeconomus) to W Mongolia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Alexandromys (including subgenus Pallasiinus sensu Zagorodnyuk, 1990, and Pavlinov et al., 1995a). Formerly included in M. oeconomus (Corbet, 1978c; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951), but Malygin et al. (1990, and references therein) separated limnophilus as a parapatric species in W Mongolia; further evidence of interspecific distinction and of intraspecific karyotypic variation presented by Courant et al. (1999). Correlation and interdependence among non-metric traits with sex, age, and body size discussed by Markowski (1995).	Lacustrine Vole
13000392	Isthmomys pirrensis	Goldman 1912	SPECIES			pirrensis		Isthmomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Smithson. Misc. Coll. vol.60 2 p.5			Easternmost Panamá and Serranía del Darién, extreme NW Colombia (see Alberico et al., 2000).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Whether I. pirrensis is a junior synonym of I. flavidus, as opined by Hooper (1968), has yet to be assessed.	Mt Pirri Deermouse
13000274	Microtus lusitanicus	Gerbe 1879	SPECIES			lusitanicus	Terricola	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Rev. Mag. Zool. Paris, Ser. 3 vol.7 p.44		depressus  (Miller, 1908); gerritmilleri Kretzoi, 1958; hurdanensis (Agacino, 1938); mariae Major, 1905; pelandonius (Miller, 1908).	Portugal, N and C Spain (Brunet-Lecomte, 1991; Castien and Gosalbez, 1992), and SW France.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Terricola, duodecimcostatus species group (Chaline et al., 1988). Graf (1982) and Chaline and Graf (1988) apparently used mariae for this species, which reflected Winkings (1976) opinion in separating the latter from M. duodecimcostatus; Niethammer (1982j) explained the priority of lusitanicus. Chromosomal data reviewed by Zima and Kral (1984a). Morphometric analyses of variation within M. lusitanicus and multivariate contrasts with M. duodecimcostatus and-or M. gerbii conducted by Spitz (1978) and Mathias (1996). Brunet-Lecomte and Povoas (1993) successfully separated isolated molars of M. lusitanicus and M. duodecimcostatus using morphometric analyses of extant and Upper Palaeolithic-Neolithic samples in C Portugal. The fossorial M. lusitanicus is an adept swimmer (Giannoni et al., 1993), like its fossorial relative M. duodecimcostat... [truncated]	Lusitanian Pine Vole
13000275	Microtus majori	Thomas 1906	SPECIES			majori	Terricola	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.17 p.419		ciscaucasicus  (Ognev, 1924); colchicus Shidlovsky, 1919; dinniki Satunin, 1903 [nomen nudum]; labensis Heptner, 1948; rubelianus Shidlovsky, 1919; transcaucasicus (Khatukhov and Tembotov, 1982); vinogradovi Sviridenko, 1936 [nomen nudum; not of Fetisov, 1936].	NE Turkey (humid forest along southern shore of Black Sea east of type locality; Krytufek and Vohralík, 2001; Macholán et al., 2001a), N Caucasus (Russia), S Caucasus (Georgia, Armenia, and W Azerbaijan), and NW Iran.		<p>Subgenus Terricola, subterraneus species group (Chaline et al., 1988) or majori species group (Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1998; Pavlinov et al., 1995a; Zagorodnyuk, 1990). Morphologically and genetically closely related to M. subterraneus and M. daghestanicus (Baskevich, 1997; Macholán et al., 2001a; Mezhzherin et al., 1995). Geographic range once thought to extend into the Balkans, S Greece, and W Turkey (Kivanc, 1986; Niethammer, 1987b), but a diverse character base aligns those populations with M. subterraneus and excludes M. majori from the European fauna (Krytufek et al., 1994).</p><p>Reviewed by Storch (1982) and comparative chromosomal data summarized by Zima and Kral (1984a). Macholán et al. (2001a) documented karyotypic and allozymic contrasts between Turkish and European M. subterraneus and Turkish M. majori; their ranges approach closely in NW Turkey but sympatry ... [truncated]	Majors Pine Vole
13000276	Microtus maximowiczii	Schrenk 1859	SPECIES			maximowiczii	Alexandromys	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Reisen und Forsch., in Säugeth. Amurlande St. Petersburg. vol.1 p.140		gromovi Vorontsov, Boeskorov, Ljapunova, and Revin, 1988; ungurensis Kastschenko, 1912.	E shore of Lake Baikal to upper Amur region (Meyer et al., 1996), E Mongolia, and NE China (Heilongjiang, Nei Mongol, Jilin, Hebei, and N Shaanxi; Zhang et al., 1997).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Alexandromys, maximowiczii species group (Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1998; Pavlinov et al., 1995a; Zagorodnyuk, 1990). Included in subgenus Microtus by Gromov and Polyakov (1977), Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987), and Meyer et al. (1996). Karyotypic, morphological and hybridization evidence closely relates M. maximowiczii to M. mujanensis and M. evorensis (Meyer et al., 1996). Reviewed by Orlov and Kovalskaya (1978) and Meyer (1983). Populations in Russia revised by Meyer et al. (1996), who attributed the two synonyms. Additional intraspecific chromosomal polymorphisms analysed by Kovalskaya (1977). Molar variation in the M. maximowiczii species group, as analyzed by Pozdnyakov (1993), reveals significant differences between maximowiczii from the Amur region and other geographic samples.	Maximowiczs Vole
13000277	Microtus mexicanus	Saussure 1861	SPECIES			mexicanus	See comments.	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Rev. Mag. Zool. Paris, Ser. 2 vol.13 p.3		fulviventer  Merriam, 1890; fundatus Hall, 1948; guadalupensis Bailey, 1902; hualpaiensis Goldman, 1938; madrensis Goldman, 1938; mogollonensis (Mearns, 1890); navaho Benson, 1934; neveriae Hooper, 1955; ocotensis T. Alvarez and Hernández-Chávez, 1993; phaeus (Merriam, 1892); salvus Hall, 1948; subsimus Goldman, 1938.	Patchy occurrence in mountains from extreme S Utah and extreme S Colorado (Fitzgerald et al., 1994:9-102) to C Arizona and New Mexico (Frey and LaRue, 1993, for new records), USA; south in Sierra Madres through interior México to C Oaxaca.	U.S. ESA and IUCNEndangered as M. m. hualpaiensis; IUCN  Vulnerable as M. mexicanus and M. mongollonensis hualpaiensis.	<p>Interspecific affinities unclear: affiliated with Microtus sensu stricto, in particular M. californicus (Anderson, 1959, 1960; Conroy and Cook, 2000a; Conroy et al., 2001) or M. montanus and M. pennsylvanicus (Moore and Janecek, 1990); associated with the subgenus Pitymys by Hooper and Hart (1962); chromosomal banding data uninformative (Modi, 1987); also see Hoffmann and Koeppl (1985). Morphometric, electrophoretic, and karyotypic variation among isolated populations in SW USA studied by Wilhelm (1982); nongeographic variation of US and Mexican populations evaluated by Frey and Moore (1990); geographic variation of populations in C México assessed by Alvarez and Hernández-Chávez (1993), who considered the regional subspecies as valid (fundatus, mexicanus, and salvus) and described a new one (ocotensis).</p><p>Critical overhaul of the mexicanus complex is needed. Musser (1964) re... [truncated]	Mexican Vole
13000369	Phodopus campbelli	Thomas 1905	SPECIES			campbelli		Phodopus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.15 p.322		crepidatus  Hollister, 1912; tuvinicus Orlov and Iskharova, 1974 [see Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987:171].	Transbaikalia in Russia, Mongolia, and adjacent China (W Xinjiang, N Hebei, and N Nei Mongol).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Included in P. sungorus by some researchers (G. M. Allen, 1940; Corbet, 1978c; Ellerman, 1941; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; Gromov and Erbajeva, 1995; Wang, 2003; Zhang et al., 1997), but regarded as distinct by others (Musser and Carleton, 1993; Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987, 1998; Pavlinov et al., 1995a). Separation of campbelli is supported by chromosomal differences (Safronova et al., 1992).	Campbells Desert Hamster
13000278	Microtus middendorffii	Poljakov 1881	SPECIES			middendorffii	Alexandromys	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersbourg vol.39 p.70		hyperboreus Vinogradov, 1934; obscurus (Middendorf, 1853) [not Eversmann, 1841]; ryphaeus Heptner, 1948; swerevi Scalon, 1935; tasensis Skalon, 1935; uralensis Skalon, 1935 [not Poliakoff, 1881].	N Siberia, from the Polar Ural Mtns east through the Yenisey River basin past the N Lena River region to the N Kolyma River area, south in Urals to 62ºN, and in the Lena Valley near Yakutsk (Meyer et al., 1996).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as M. middendorfii and M. hyperboreus.	<p>Subgenus Alexandromys (Pavlinov et al., 1995a; Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1998). Also variously included in subgenus Pallasiinus (Zagorodnyuk, 1990) or subgenus Microtus (Gromov and Erbajeva, 1995; Gromov and Polyakov, 1977; Meyer et al., 1996). Meyer (1983) considered M. middendorffii to be phylogenetically distant from other northern and central Asian species of Microtus, but close relationship to M. oeconomus broadly supported by analyses of allozymes (Mezhzherin et al., 1993), karyology and morphology (Meyer et al., 1996), and DNA sequences (Conroy and Cook, 2000a). Vorontsov and Lyapunova (1976) considered M. middendorffii (and hyperboreus) to be chromosomally closely related to North American M. miurus, but cytochrome b sequences group M. middendorffi with M. fortis and Palaearctic species, not M. miurus and North American endem... [truncated]	Middendorfs Vole
13000279	Microtus miurus	Osgood 1901	SPECIES			miurus	See comments.	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	N. Am. Fauna vol.21 p.64		andersoni  Rand, 1945; cantator Anderson, 1947; muriei Nelson, 1931; oreas Osgood, 1907; paneaki Rausch, 1950.	Alaska, USA, except the central portion and Alaska Peninsula; eastwards through much of Yukon Territory to westernmost Northwest Territories and extreme NW British Columbia, Canada.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus indeterminate. Classically treated as a member of the subgenus Stenocranius (e.g., Hall, 1981; Miller and Kellogg, 1955), an association that purported close affinity to Old World M. gregalis (see that account); synonymized with same to form a Holarctic species by Rausch (1964) and Rausch and Rausch (1968). Other data convincingly argue their specific distinctiveness and distant kinship (Anderson, 1960; Fedyk, 1970; Gromov and Polyakov, 1977; Vorontsov and Lyapunova, 1986), and phylogenetic studies of chromosomes (Zagorodnyuk, 1990) and mitochondrial DNA sequences (Conroy and Cook, 2000a) require the removal of M. miurus (along with M. abbreviatus) from Stenocranius proper. Zagorodnyuk (1990) had emphasized this divergence by placing M. miurus in the subgenus Alexandromys, M. middendorfii species group, along with M. mongolicus and M. sachalinensis. Acc... [truncated]	Singing Vole
13000280	Microtus mongolicus	Radde 1861	SPECIES			mongolicus	Alexandromys	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Melange Biol. Acad. St. Petersbourg vol.3 p.681		baicalensis  Fetisov, 1941; poljakovi Kastschenko, 1901; xerophilus Skalon, 1936.	Transbaikalia, Mongolia, and NE China (N Nei Mongolia, Heilongjiang, Jilin).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Alexandromys, middendorffi species group (Zagorodnyuk, 1990) or mongolicus species group (Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1998; Pavlinov et al., 1995a). Meyer et al. (1996) placed M. mongolicus in the subgenus Microtus, and their integrated study of karyotypes, morphology, and hybridization reveals M. mongolicus to be closely related to M. fortis, by implication a member of the maximowiczii species group. Karyotypic analyses by Orlov et al. (1983), Yatsenko et al. (1980), and Radjabli et al. (1984) include phylogenetic inferences among Asian species of Microtus.	Mongolian Vole
13000281	Microtus montanus	Peale 1848	SPECIES			montanus	Mynomes	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Mammalia in Repts. U.S. Expl. Surv. vol.8 p.44		amosus  Hall and Hayward, 1941; arizonensis Bailey, 1898; canescens Bailey, 1898; caryi Bailey, 1917; codiensis S. Anderson, 1954; dutcheri Bailey, 1898; fucosus Hall, 1935; fusus Hall, 1938; longirostris (Baird, 1857); micropus Hall, 1935; nanus (Merriam, 1891); nevadensis Bailey, 1898; nexus Hall and Hayward, 1941; pratincolus Hall and Kelson, 1951; rivularis Bailey, 1898; undosus Hall, 1935; yosemite Grinnell, 1914; zygomaticus S. Anderson, 1954.	Cascade, Sierra Nevada, and Rocky Mountain ranges: SC British Columbia, Canada, south to EC California, S Utah, and NC New Mexico, USA; disjunct populations in S Nevada, EC Arizona, and WC New Mexico (Frey et al., 1995).	IUCN  Data Deficient as M. m. codiensis and M. m. zygomaticus, Vulnerable as M. m. fucosus and M. m. nevadensis, Lower Risk (nt) as M. m. arizonensis and M. m. rivularis, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Mynomes, montanus species group (Zagorodnyuk, 1990). Geographic variation and subspecific classification assessed by Anderson (1959), who viewed M. oeconomus as its sister species. Hooper and Hart (1962) arranged M. montanus with M. pennsylvanicus and M. townsendii, a general relationship corroborated by karyotypic and genic analyses (Modi, 1987; Moore and Janecek, 1990). Two karyotypic morphs reported by Judd et al. (1980), who raised the question of their specific distinction. See Sera and Early (2003, Mammalian Species, 716).	Montane Vole
13000309	Myodes californicus	Merriam 1890	SPECIES			californicus		Myodes	Cricetidae	Rodentia	N. Am. Fauna vol.4 p.26		mazama  (Merriam, 1897); obscurus (Merriam, 1897).	Coastal coniferous forest from the Columbia River south through W Oregon (Verts and Carraway, 1998:Fig. 11-97) to NW California, USA.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Clethrionomys californicus.	The name occidentalis was formerly applied to this species (e.g., Hall and Cockrum, 1953), but populations north of the Columbia River, which include occidentalis and caurinus, have been reassigned to M. gapperi (Cowan and Guiguet, 1965; Johnson and Ostenson, 1959). See Alexander and Verts, 1992 (Mammalian Species, 406).	Western Red-backed Vole
13400553	Heteropsomys antillensis	Anthony 1917	SPECIES			antillensis		Heteropsomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.37 p.187			Puerto Rico.	Extinct.		Antillean Cave Rat
13000282	Microtus montebelli	Milne-Edwards 1872	SPECIES			montebelli	Alexandromys	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Rech. Hist. Nat. Mammifères p.285		brevicorpus  Tokuda, 1933; hatanedzumi (Sasaki, 1904).	Endemic to the Japanese islands of Honshu, Sado, and Kyushu; not currently found on Hokkaido, Shikoku or the Ryukyu Isl (Dobson, 1994; Kaneko, 1994) but may have occurred on Shikoku in the Pleistocene (Kawamura, 1988).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>Subgenus Alexandromys (including Pallasiinus, as per Zagorodnyuk, 1990, and Pavlinov et al., 1995a) or subgenus Microtus (Gromov and Polyakov, 1977). Phylogenetic interpretation of cytochrome b sequences allies M. montebelli in a tight clade with M. fortis, M. middendorffii, M. kikuchii, and M. oeconomus (Conroy and Cook, 2000a); karyotypic information also indicates special relationship to M. oeconomus (Borodin et al., 1997; Zagorodnyuk, 1990). Other chromosomal data summarized by Tsuchiya (1981) and Satoh and Obara (1995). Gastric musculature documented by Ohuchi et al. (1992). Corbet (1978c) included Sikotan Isl in the Kuriles within the species range, but this record is erroneous (Kawamura, 1988, and references therein).</p><p>Kawamura (1988, 1991, 1994) exhaustively summarized molar variation of Holocene and middle-late Pleistocene samples and defined Qu... [truncated]	Japanese Grass Vole
13000283	Microtus mujanensis	Orlov and Kovalskaya 1978	SPECIES			mujanensis	Alexandromys	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Zool. Zh. vol.57 p.1224			Known only from vicinity of the type locality (Meyer et al., 1996).	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Subgenus Alexandromys, maximowiczii species group (Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1998; Pavlinov et al., 1995a; Zagorodnyuk, 1990). A member of subgenus Microtus according to Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987) and Meyer et al. (1996). Analysis of molar variation in the M. maximowiczii species group indicates close relationship between M. mujanensis (2n = 38, FN = 50-53) and M. evoronensis (2n = 40, FN = 58) (Pozdnyakov, 1993), as does integration of morphological, karyological, and hybridization data (Meyer, 1983; Meyer et al., 1996).	Muya Valley Vole
13000284	Microtus multiplex	Fatio 1905	SPECIES			multiplex	Terricola	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Arch. Sci. Phys. Nat. Geneve, Ser. 4 vol.19 p.193		druentius  (Miller, 1911); fatioi (Mottaz, 1909); leponticus Thomas, 1906; niethammeri Brunet-Lecomte and Volobouev, 1994; orientalis Dal Piaz, 1924; vuillemeyi Brunet-Lecomte, Chaline, and Campy, 1993.	Western and Central Alps in E France, Switzerland (Maurizio, 1994; Hausser, 1995), far W Austria, and N Italy, including N Italian Apennines (Amori et al., 1999; Cantini, 1991; Paolucci et al., 1994). The Adige River Valley (Trentino region) in the Alps of NE Italy is apparently the boundary between ranges of M. multiplex (to the west) and M. liechtensteini (eastward); see Brunet-Lecomte and Volobouev (1994), Haring et al. (2000), and Spitzenberger et al. (2000).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Terricola, subterraneus species group (Chaline et al., 1988; Pavlinov et al., 1995a) or multiplex species group (Zagorodnyuk, 1990). Most closely related to M. bavaricus and M. liechtensteini (see latter account for discussion of relationships). Brunet-Lecomte and Volobouev (1994) and Brunet-Lecomte (1995) identified populations from the W French Alps and Rhone Valley, at the western margin of the geographic range, as the subspecies niethammeri based on m1 morphology and chromosomes. The taxon vuillemeyi was described as a fossil subspecies from the Pleistocene of E France (Brunet-Lecomte et al., 1993).	Alpine Pine Vole
13000285	Microtus oaxacensis	Goodwin 1966	SPECIES			oaxacensis	Pitymys	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.2243 p.1			Eastern slopes, Sierra de Juárez, 1600-2500 m, NC Oaxaca, México.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Pitymys. Differentially diagnosed with respect to M. mexicanus and M. umbrosus by Goodwin (1966); description amplified and resemblance to M. guatemalensis noted by Jones and Genoways (1967), an affinity supported by their dental and genetic similarity (Conroy et al., 2001; R. A. Martin, 1995). Grouped with other relictual "pitymyine" species found at southern edge of the Nearctic Microtus distribution by Hoffmann and Koeppl (1985), a biogeographic interpretation supported by Conroy et al. (2001). Karyotype reported by Cervantes et al. (1997), who noted its derived condition compared with other New World Microtus. Altitudinally parapatric distribution with respect to M. mexicanus illuminated by Sánchez H. et al. (1996). See Frey and Cervantes (1997, Mammalian Species, 556).	Tarabundí Vole
13000286	Microtus ochrogaster	Wagner 1842	SPECIES			ochrogaster	Pedomys	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	In Schreber, Die Säugethiere vol.Suppl. 3 p.592		austerus  (Le Conte, 1853); cinnamonea (Biard, 1858); haydenii (Baird, 1857); ludovicianus Bailey, 1900; minor (Merriam, 1888); ohioensis Bole and Moulthrop, 1942; similis Severinghaus, 1977; taylori Hibbard and Rinker, 1943.	Northern and Central Great PlainsEC Alberta to S Manitoba, Canada; south to N Texas Panhandle (Choate and Killebrew, 1991), SW Oklahoma (Smith, 1992), and Arkansas; eastwards to C Tennessee, westernmost West Virginia, and W Ohio, USA; relictual populations in C Colorado, N New Mexico, and coastal prairies (ludovicianus) of SW Louisiana and adjacent Texas, USA.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>Subgenus Pedomys, which has been employed as a subgenus of Microtus (Bailey, 1900; R. A. Martin, 1995; Van der Meulen, 1978), as a full synonym of Microtus (Hall, 1981), or as a synonym of Pitymys whether ranked as a genus (Repenning, 1983) or subgenus (Hooper and Hart, 1962; Zagorodnyuk, 1990). The purported close affinity of M. (Pedomys) ochrogaster with North American pitymyine species (subgenus Pitymys) has received little support from allozymic and gene-sequence studies (Chaline and Graf, 1988; Conroy and Cook, 2000a; Conroy et al., 2001; Moore and Janacek, 1990). R. A. Martin (1995) retained the two as indigenous North American subgenera based on cladistic analysis of dental traits.</p><p>Geographic variation over the Central Great Plains studied by Choate and Williams (1978). The strong morphometric segregation of minor from other M. ochrogaster advises renewed scrutiny of its status (Severing... [truncated]	Prairie Vole
13000287	Microtus oeconomus	Pallas 1776	SPECIES			oeconomus	Alexandromys	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Reise Prov. Russ. Reichs. vol.3 p.693		altaicus  Ognev, 1944; amakensis Murie, 1930; anikini Egorin, 1939; arenicola (de Sélys Longchamps, 1841); dauricus Kastschenko, 1910; elymocetes Osgood, 1906; endoecus Osgood, 1909; epiratticeps Young, 1934; finmarchicus Siivonen, 1967; flaviventris Satunin, 1903; gilmorei Setzer, 1952; hahlovi Skalon, 1935; innuitus Merriam, 1900; kadiacensis Merriam, 1897; kamtschatica (Pallas, 1779); karaginensis Kostenko, 1984 [nomen nudum]; karaginensis Kostenko, 1989; kharanurensis Courant et al., 1999; kjusjurensis Koljuschev, 1935; koreni G. M. Allen, 1914; macfarlani Merriam, 1900; medius (Nilsson, 1844); mehelyi Ehik, 1928; montiumcaelestinum Ognev, 1944; naumovi Stroganov, 1936; operarius (Nelson, 1893); ouralensis (Poliakov, 1881); petshorae Ognev, 1944; popofensis Merriam, 1900; punukensis Hall and Gilmore, 1932; ratticeps (Keyserling and Blasius, 1841); shantaricus Ognev, 1929; sitkensis Merriam, 1897; stimmingi (Nehring, 1899); suntaricus Dukelski, 1928; tschuktschorum Miller, 1899; uchidae Kuroda, 1924; unalascensis Merriam, 1897; uralensis (Poljakov, 1881); yakutatensis Merriam, 1900.	Holarctic in tundra, northern taiga, and grassy meadows. In Palearctic, from Fennoscandia across N European Russia and Siberia to Kamchatka Peninsula (Nikanorov, 2000) and borderlands of Bering Sea; south through through Baltic region (Miljutin, 1997, 1998; Timm et al., 1998) to NE Germany (Dolch, 1994), Poland (Salata-Pilacinska, 1990), Belarus, Ukraine, N Kazakhstan, transbaikal region (Reiter et al., 1995, documented occurrence on Svjatoj Nos peninsula and isthmus in Lake Baikal), N Mongolia, NE China (N Nei Mongol), and discontinuously in the Ussuri region bordering the Japanese Sea, including, Sakhalin and Kurile Isls; relict populations in Netherlands (Ligtvoet, 1992; Ligtvoet and Wijngaarden, 1994), S Norway and C Sweden, Finnish Baltic Coast, E Austria, SW Slovakia (Moanský, 1994; Stanko and Moanský, 2000), and W Hungary; absent from the British Isls but present on St. Lawrence Isl in Bering Sea. In Nearctic, from Alaska through Yukon Territory, eastwards to W Northwest Territories, and southwards to extreme NW British Columbia and Alexander Archipelago, Alaska (see records by MacDonald and Cook, 1996:579).	IUCN  Critically Endangered as M. o. arenicola, Vulnerable as M. o. mehelyi, Data Deficient as M. o. amakensis, M. o. elymocetes, M. o. innuitus, M. o. popofensis, M. o. punukensis, and M. o. sitkensis, otherwise Least Concern.	<p>Subgenus Alexandromys. Earlier included in the subgenus Pallasiinus (Gromov and Erbajeva, 1995; Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1998; Pavlinov et al., 1995a; Zagorodnyuk, 1990), also containing M. montebelli and M. limnophilus, or arranged in subgenus Microtus (Gromov and Polyakov, 1977; Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987). Based on morphometric, chromosomal and hybridization analyses, Meyer et al. (1996) placed M. oeconomus in a clade containing M. middendorffii, M. mongolicus, M. fortis, M. sachalinensis, M. maximowiczii, M. jujanensis, and M. evoronensis; according to phylogenetic analysis of cytochrome b sequences, member of a clade that includes the Taiwanese M. kikuchii as sister-species, along with M. montebelli, M. middendorffii, and M. fortis (Conroy and Cook, 2000... [truncated]	Root Vole
13000288	Microtus oregoni	Bachman 1839	SPECIES			oregoni	Mynomes	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.8 p.60		adocetus  Merriam, 1908; bairdii Merriam, 1897; cantwelli Taylor, 1920; morosus Elliot, 1899; serpens Merriam, 1897.	Moist coniferous forest seres of Pacific Northwest, from SW British Columbia, Canada, south to NW California, USA.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Mynomes, sole member of oregoni species group (Zagorodnyuk, 1990). Type species of Chilotus, conventionally recognized as a subgenus of Microtus (see Anderson, 1959, 1960; Bailey, 1900), and occasionally including Old World M. socialis as a comember (Chaline, 1974; Ognev, 1964) or not (Anderson, 1959). Hooper and Hart (1962), however, found the morphological evidence insufficient to warrant subgeneric segregation of oregoni from North American species of Microtus, a viewpoint sustained by genetic distance comparisons (Moore and Janecek, 1990) and reflected in the classification of Zagorodnyuk (1990); sister species to M. longicaudus according to mitochondrial DNA sequence data (Conroy and Cook, 2000a) or to the M. chrotorrhinus M. pinetorum clade according to repetitive DNA fragments (Modi, 1996). Diploid number and sex-determining mechanism unique among North American M... [truncated]	Creeping Vole
13000289	Microtus paradoxus	Ognev and Heptner 1928	SPECIES			paradoxus	Microtus	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Zool. Anz. vol.75 p.263		Subgenus Microtus , socialis species group (Zagorodnyuk, 1990). Placed in subgenus Sumeriomys by Gromov and Erbajeva (1995). Described as a species, later relegated to M. socialis (Corbet, 1978c; Ellerman, 1941; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987). Specific status reasserted by Zykov and Zagorodnyuk (1988), whose morphometric analysis distinguished it from both M. socialis (karyotype also 2n = 62, FN = 60, but much larger in body and cranial dimensions) and M. guentheri (2n = 54, FN = 56); Golenishchev et al. (2002) amplified and endorsed their action. Goodwin (1940) had identified Iranian series from Dasht, Gowadoh and Dergematie as M. socialis paradoxus, the name combination at the time. Krytufek and Kefelio&#287;lu (2002) and Krytufek (in litt., 2002) demonstrated that those samples are not the smaller-bodied M. socialis, and although morphologically similar to the "nonsocialis" group in Iran, they differ strikingly in certain cranial traits and likely represent M. paradoxus. Although examining Goodwins AMNH specimens and the large USNM series leads us to concur, we suspect that M. guentheri and M. paradoxus will prove to be more closely related than now appreciated; the nature of the genetic relationship between the two warrants further study.	Kopet Dag Mtns, S Turkmenistan, and mountains of NE Iran in N Khorassan Prov. (near Dasht, Gowadoh, Dergematie, Kaur, and Gorgan; series in AMNH and USNM; Krytufek and Kefelio&#287;lu, 2002); may also occur in N Afghanistan, identified as M. guentheri (Hassinger, 1973), but the two cited specimens need to be reexamined.			Paradox Vole
13000290	Microtus pennsylvanicus	Ord 1815	SPECIES			pennsylvanicus	Mynomes	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	In Guthrie, New Geogr., Hist., Comml., Grammar, Philadelphia, 2nd ed. vol.2 p.292		acadicus  Bangs, 1897; admiraltiae Heller, 1909; alborufescens (Emmons, 1840); alcorni Baker, 1951; aphorodemus Preble, 1902; arcticus Cowan, 1951; aztecus (J. A. Allen, 1893); chihuahuensis Bradley and Cockrum, 1968; copelandi Youngman, 1967; dekayi (Audubon and Bachman, 1854); drummondii (Audubon and Bachman, 1853); stonei J. A. Allen, 1899; dukecampbelli Woods, Post, and Kilpatrick, 1982; enixus Bangs, 1896; finitus S. Anderson, 1956; fontigenus Bangs, 1896; fulva (Audubon and Bachman, 1841); funebris Dale, 1940; hirsutus (Emmons, 1840); inspectus (J. A. Allen, 1899); insperatus (J. A. Allen, 1894); insularis Bailey, 1898; kincaidi Dalquest, 1941; labradorius Bailey, 1898; longipilis (Baird, 1857); magdalenensis Youngman, 1967; microcephalus (Rhoads, 1894); modestus (Baird, 1857); nasuta (Audubon and Bachman, 1841); nesophilus Bailey, 1898 [replacement name for insularis Bailey, 1898]; nigrans Rhoads, 1897; noveboracensis (Rafinesque, 1820); oneida (DeKay, 1842); palustris (Harlan, 1825); pratensis (Rafinesque, 1817); provectus Bangs, 1908; pullatus S. Anderson, 1956; riparius (Ord, 1825); rubidus Dale, 1940; rufescens (DeKay, 1842); rufidorsum (Baird, 1857); shattucki Howe, 1901; tananaensis Baker, 1951; terraenovae (Bangs, 1894); uligocola S. Anderson, 1956; wahema Bailey, 1920.	Meadowlands interspersed across boreal and mixed coniferous-deciduous biomes of North America: C Alaska to Labrador, including Newfoundland and Prince Edward Isl, Canada; south in Rocky Mountains to N New Mexico, in Great Plains to N Kansas (see Frey and Moore, 1990), and in Appalachians and along eastern seaboard to N Georgia and South Carolina, USA; outlier populations in W New Mexico and peninsular Florida, USA, and in N Chihuahua, México.	U.S. ESAEndangered as M. p. dukecampbelli; IUCN  Vulnerable as M. p. dukecampbelli, Lower Risk (nt) as M. p. admiraltiae, M. p. kincaidi, M. p. provectus, and M. p. shattucki, not evaluated as M. p. chihuahuensis, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Mynomes, pennsylvanicus species group (Zagorodnyuk, 1990). Proposed as conspecific with Old World M. agrestis by Klimkiewicz (1970), but G-banded chromosomal differences support their recognition as distinct species (Modi, 1987; Vorontsov and Lyapunova, 1986). Aside from the probable insular derivative M. breweri (see that account), pennsylvanicus is closely related to M. montanus and M. townsendii among New World species (see Conroy and Cook, 2000a; Hooper and Hart, 1962; Modi, 1987; Moore and Janecek, 1990). Insular form provectus relegated to subspecific status by Chamberlain (1954) and Moyer et al. (1988), and nesophilus by Jones et al. (1986). Regional studies of variation undertaken (e.g., Anderson, 1956; Anderson and Hubbard, 1971; Weddle and Choate, 1983), but comprehensive review of entire species warranted. Late Pleistocene and Holocene vegetational and climatic changes ... [truncated]	Meadow Vole
13000291	Microtus pinetorum	Le Conte 1830	SPECIES			pinetorum	Pitymys	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. vol.3 p.133		apella  (Le Conte, 1853); auricularis Bailey, 1898; carbonarius (Handley, 1952); kennicottii (Baird, 1857); nemoralis Bailey, 1898; parvulus (A. H. Howell, 1916); scalopsoides (Audubon and Bachman, 1841); schmidti (Jackson, 1941).	Temperate deciduous forest zone of E USAeastern shoreline from S Maine to NC Florida, west to C Wisconsin and E Texas; isolated population (auricularis) on the Edwards Plateau, C Texas, may be extinct (Goetze, 1998).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>Type species of Pitymys, a taxon sometimes accorded generic status, particularly by European mammalogists and paleontologists (e.g., Corbet, 1978c; Koenigswald, 1980; Repenning, 1983, 1992; Van der Meulen, 1978). Pitymys is more often viewed as a subgenus of Microtus (e.g., Chaline et al., 1999; Gromov and Polyakov, 1977; Hall, 1981; Miller and Kellogg, 1955), a relationship and ranking convincingly endorsed by a variety of morphological, chromosomal, and molecular studies (Carleton, 1981; Conroy and Cook, 2000a; Conroy et al., 2001; Hooper and Hart, 1962; Modi, 1996; Moore and Janacek, 1990; Zagorodnyuk, 1990).</p><p>Van der Meulen (1978) regarded nemoralis and parvulus as species distinct from pinetorum, an evaluation shared by Repenning (1983) and Brunet-LeComte and Chaline (1992) for nemoralis; R. A. Martin (1991) did not view parvulus as separate. Whitaker and Hamilton (1998), on the other hand, regarded both... [truncated]	Woodland Vole
13000292	Microtus qazvinensis	Golenishchev 2003	SPECIES			qazvinensis	Microtus	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Russian J. Theriol. vol.1 p.118			Known only from the type locality, N Iran.		Subgenus Microtus, socialis species group (our allocation), or subgenus Sumeriomys (Golenishchev et al., 2002). A close relative of M. guentheri distinguished by pelage coloration, bacular morphology, and more complex occlusal pattern; F1 hybrids of M. guentheri and M. qazvinensis proved sterile (Golenishchev et al., 2002b). Relationship of M. qazvinensis to populations of M. guentheri will remain obscure until much-needed revision of the latter is available (see above account).	Qazvin Vole
13000382	Habromys chinanteco	Robertson and Musser 1976	SPECIES			chinanteco		Habromys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Occas. Pap. Mus. Nat. Hist., Univ. Kansas vol.47 p.1			The type locality and its vicinity on gulf-facing slopes, 2080-2650 m, of the Sierra de Juárez, NC Oaxaca, México.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	A small-bodied species morphologically similar to H. simulatus and sympatric with H. lepturus (see Robertson and Musser, 1976). Possible status as a junior synonym of H. simulatus needs resolution (see Carleton et al., 2002).	Chinanteco Deermouse
13400561	Myocastor coypus subsp. sanctaecruzae	Hollister 1914	SUBSPECIES		sanctaecruzae	coypus		Myocastor	Myocastoridae	Rodentia							
13000293	Microtus quasiater	Coues 1874	SPECIES			quasiater	Pitymys	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.26 p.191			Eastern slopes of the Sierra Madre Oriental, 500-2150 m, SE San Luis Potosi to N Oaxaca, México (Ramírez-Pulido et al., 1991:Fig. 1).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Pitymys. Named as a variety of M. pinetorum but specific status affirmed thereafter (Bailey, 1900; Hall and Cockrum, 1953; Repenning, 1983). Typically viewed as most closely related to pinetorum in subgenus or genus Pitymys (Anderson, 1960; Hall and Cockrum, 1953; van der Meulen, 1978), a convention challenged by Repenning (1983) and Moore and Janecek (1990), who supported sister-group kinship between ochrogaster and quasiater. Closest kinship with M. pinetorum, however, reaffirmed in phylogenetic analysis of cytochrome b sequences that included M. ochrogaster and 16 other species of North American Microtus (Conroy et al., 2001). Nongeographic variation, distribution, and natural history summarized by Ramírez-Pulido et al. (1991); nonbanded karyotype reported by Cervantes et al. (1994) and compared with other Mexican species.	Jalapan Vole
13000294	Microtus richardsoni	DeKay 1842	SPECIES			richardsoni	See comments.	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Zoology of New York vol.Part I, Mammals p.91		arvicoloides  (Rhoads, 1894); macropus (Merriam, 1891); myllodontus Rasmussen and Chamberlain, 1959; principalis Rhoads, 1895.	Wet subalpine and alpine meadows of Rocky Mountains, from S British Columbia and Alberta, Canada, to W Wyoming and C Utah, USA; and of Cascade Mountains, from SW British Columbia south through WC Oregon.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Senior synonym of the type (= arvicoloides) of Aulacomys. In early classifications (Bailey, 1900; Miller, 1896), richardsoni was placed with Old World water voles in the subgenus Arvicola (including Aulacomys) of Microtus, a relationship reaffirmed by Hooper and Hart (1962) and followed by others, with Arvicola employed either at the subgeneric (Hall, 1981) or generic level (Jones et al., 1975). Substantial evidence argues the retention of richardsoni within Microtus and the restriction of Arvicola to Old World forms (Carleton, 1981; Conroy and Cook, 2000a; Gromov and Polyakov, 1977; Hinton, 1926a; Jannett, 1997; Koenigswald, 1980; Repenning, 1980; Zagorodnyuk, 1990). Hoffmann and Koeppel (1985) further suggested the autochthonous origin of M. richardsoni in North America from an early stock that also gave rise to M. xanthognathus, an idea consistent with the biochemical simi... [truncated]	North American Water Vole
13000295	Microtus sachalinensis	Vasin 1955	SPECIES			sachalinensis	Alexandromys	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Zool. Zh. vol.34 p.427			Endemic to Sakhalin Isl (Dobson, 1994).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Alexandromys, middendorfii species group (Zagorodnyuk, 1990) or maximowiczii species group (Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1998; Pavlinov et al., 1995a). The latter species group association more accurately reflects data synthesized from karyological, morphological, and hybirdization studies, which phylogenetically link M. sachalinensis most closely to M. maximowiczii within the subgenus Alexandromys (Meyer et al., 1996).	Sakhalin Island Vole
13000296	Microtus savii	de Selys-Longchamps 1838	SPECIES			savii	Terricola	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Rev. Zool. Paris p.248		nebrodensis  Mina-Palumbo, 1868; niethammericus Contoli, 2003; selysii (Gerbe, 1852); tolfetanus Contoli, 2003.	Italian peninsula (except NE and Calabrian Peninsulan in the south) and Sicily (Amori et al., 1999; Cerone and Aloise, 1994; Cresti et al., 1994; Paolucci et al., 1993), South Tessin in S Switzerland (Hausser, 1995), and marginally in SE France; thought to occur on Elba but that record is unconfirmed; sea level to 2000 m (Cheylan, 1991).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Terricola, savii species group (Chaline et al., 1988; Zagorodnyuk, 1990). Revised by Contoli (2003) and Krapp and Winking (1976) and reviewed by Corbet (1978c, 1984), Krapp (1982c), and Mitchell Jones et al. (1999). Chromosomal data consolidated by Zima and Kral (1984a); karyology of Italian samples documented by Galleni et al. (1992, 1994, 1998). Closely related to the living M. brachycercus on the Calabrian Peninsula (see species account) and two extinct species: M. henseli from Sardinia and Corsica (Brunet-Lecomte and Chaline, 1991; Krapp, 1982c) and M. melitensis from Malta (Brunet-Lecomte and Chaline, 1991; Burgio and Kotsakis, 1986).	Savis Pine Vole
13000297	Microtus schelkovnikovi	Satunin 1907	SPECIES			schelkovnikovi	Terricola	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Izv. Kavkas. Mus. vol.3 1 p.242		dorothea  (Ellerman, 1948).	S Azerbaijan (Talysk Mtns) and NW Iran (Elburz Mtns), in mountains bounding southern margin of Caspian Sea.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Terricola, sole member of schelkovnikovi species group (Zagorodnyuk, 1990), or the majori species group with connate M. majori (Pavlinov et al., 1995a; Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1998). Although lumped under Pitymys subterraneus by Ellerman Morrison-Scott (1951), its specific validity is well documented (Kratochvíl, 1970; Kratochvíl and Kral, 1974). Chromosomal data summarized by Zima and Kral (1984a). Karyotypic contrasts between Caucasus M. schelkovnikovi (2n = 54, FN = 62), M. majori (2n = 54, FN = 60), and M. daghestanicus (2n = 38-54, FN = 58) and inferences on pine vole chromosomal evolution (subgenus Terricola) in the Caucasus offered by Achverdjan et al. (1992); see account of M. daghestanicus. The name kaznakovi was thought to be potentially valid for this species (see reference in Corbet, 1984), but Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987) avoided its use, ... [truncated]	Schelkovnikovs Pine Vole
13000383	Habromys delicatulus	Carleton, Sánchez, and Urbano Vidales 2002	SPECIES			delicatulus		Habromys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Bio. Soc. Wash. vol.115 p.491			Known only from the type locality.		Smallest species of Habromys currently known.	Delicate Deermouse
13001566	Mus musculus subsp. domesticus	Schwarz and Schwarz 1943	SUBSPECIES		domesticus	musculus	Mus	Mus	Muridae	Rodentia						See comments under species account. Not Rutty, 1772, a nomen nudum, but conserved as domesticus Schwarz and Schwarz, 1943; see explanation and references in J. T. Marshall, Jr. (1998) and ICZN (1990).	
13000298	Microtus schidlovskii	Argyropulo 1933	SPECIES			schidlovskii	Microtus	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Z. Säugetierk. vol.8 p.182		colchicus  Argyropulo, 1932 [not Shidlovsky, 1919]; goriensis Argyropulo, 1935.	Transcaucasia, recorded from W Armenia and Georgia (Ahverdyan et al., 1991b); limits unresolved.		Subgenus Microtus, socialis species group (Zagorodnyuk, 1990). Placed in subgenus Sumeriomys by Gromov and Erbajeva (1995). Long included in M. socialis (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987; Pavlinov et al., 1995a). Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1998) and Krytufek and Kefelio&#287;lu (2002) also questioned the separate status for schidlovskii, and Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1998) placed it in the synonymy of M. socialis with reservation. Reinstated as species by Ahverdyan et al. (1991a, 1991b), who demonstrated that hybridization between schidlovskii (2n and FN = 60-62) and M. socialis (2n and FN = 62) produced only sterile F1s and analyzed supportive chromosomal and morphological data. Species status reaffirmed by Golenishchev et al. (2002) based on bacular morphology and hybridization trials. Gromov and Erbajeva (1995) listed goriensis (a replacement name for <... [truncated]	Schidlovskys Vole
13000299	Microtus socialis	Pallas 1773	SPECIES			socialis	Microtus	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Reise Prov. Russ. Reichs. vol.2 p.705		aristovi  Golenishchev, 2002; astrachanensis (Erxleben, 1777); binominatus Ellerman, 1941; bogdoensis Wang and Ma, 1982; gravesi Goodwin, 1934; nikolajevi Ognev, 1950; parvus Satunin, 1901; satunini Ognev, 1924 [not Shidlovksy, 1919]; syriacus (Brants, 1827); zaitsevi Golenishchev, 2002.	Palearctic steppe from Dneper River and Crimea east to Lake Balkhash and NW Xinjiang in China (Zhang et al., 1997), south through Caucasus and E half of Turkey (Kizilirmak River may be W boundary; Kefelio&#287;lu and Krytufek, 1999; Krytufek and Kefelio&#287;lu, 2002) to NW Syria, Lebanon (restricted to Mt Lebanon), N Iraq, and NW Iran (Krytufek and Kefelio&#287;lu, 2002, mapped range in the Near East).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>Subgenus Microtus, socialis species group (Zagorodnyuk, 1990). Subgenus Sumeriomys according to Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987, 1998), Gromov and Polyakov (1977), Gromov and Erbajeva (1995), and Pavlinov et al. (1995a). Chromosomal data reviewed by Zima and Kral (1984a) and Golenishchev et al. (2002); Kefelio&#287;lu and Krytufek (1999) reported karyotypes for Turkish samples (2n and FN = 62). Harrison and Bates (1991) included guentheri and irani under M. socialis because they could not discriminate the three but provided no substantiating data (see M. guentheri and M. irani). Range of M. socialis proper has been obscured because researchers indiscriminantly lumped all voles more or less matching the description of socialis (Corbet, 1978c; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; Harrison and Bates, 1991; Lay, 1967; Ognev, 1964); however, at least seven (M. anat... [truncated]	Social Vole
13000300	Microtus subterraneus	de Selys-Longchamps 1836	SPECIES			subterraneus	Terricola	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Essai Monogr. sur les Campagnols des Env. de Liege. p.10		atratus  (Stein, 1931); brauneri Martino, 1926; capucinus (Miller, 1908); dacius (Miller, 1908); dinaricus Kretzoi, 1959; ehiki (Wettstein, 1927); fingeri (Neuhäuser, 1936); fusca (Fatio, 1900) [not Buchner, 1889]; grafi Brunet-Lecomte, Nadarowski, and Chaline, 1992; hercegovinensis (Martino, 1940); hungaricus (Ehik, 1926); incertoides (Wettstein, 1927); incertus (Sélys-Longchamps, 1841); klozeli (Ehik, 1942); kupelwieseri (Wettstein, 1925); martinoi (Ehik, 1935); matrensis (Ehik, 1930); mustersi (Martino, 1937) [not Hinton, 1926]; neglectus Petrov, 1992 [nomen nudum]; neuhauseri (Martino and Paspalev, 1955); nyirensis (Ehik, 1930); rufescente-fuscus (Schinz, 1845); rufofuscus (Schinz, 1845) [nomen nudum]; subterraneoides Petrov, 1992 [nomen nudum]; transsylvanicus (Ehik, 1924); transvolgensis (Schaposchnikov and Schanev, 1958); ukrainicus (Vinogradov, 1922); wettsteini (Ehik, 1926); zimmermanni (Matschie, 1924).	Atlantic coasts of N and C France through S Netherlands (Ligtvoet and Straetmans, 1992), across C Europe (SW Bohemia [And&#277;ra and &#268;ervený, 1994]; Switzerland [Maurizio, 1994; Hausser, 1995]; Slovakia [Danko, 1994; Kminiak, 1996; Moanský, 1994; Stanko, 1995; Stanko and Moanský, 1994, 2000; Stanko et al., 2000]; Czech Republic [maha, 1996]; Italy [Amori et al., 1999; Locatelli and Paolucci, 1996a]) to Ukraine and the Don River (Gromov and Erbajeva, 1995), south through Romania and Balkan region into N and SE Greece, and Turkey (mountains in N, W and S but not on Anatolian Plateau; Krytufek and Vohralík, 2001) eastward to south of Trabzon (Macholán et al., 2001a); isolated populations in Russia (near St Petersburg; Zagorodnyuk, 1989) and Estonia (Miljutin, 1997, 1998; Timm et al., 1998). Absent from Mediterranean coast and islands.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>Subgenus Terricola, subterraneus species group (Chaline et al., 1988; Zagorodnyuk, 1990). Reviewed by Niethammer (1982g). Karyotypic information available in Sablina et al. (1989), Zima (1986), Zima and Kral (1984a), and Zima et al. (1997a); biochemical comparisons among M. subterraneus, M. felteni, and other voles implemented by Gill et al. (1987). Synonyms follow Zagorodnyuk (1989), who speculated that the Romanian dacius is a separate species, but Brunet-Lecomte et al. (2001) regarded the minor cytogenetic differences as inconclusive. The taxon grafi was described as a species from late Pleistocene fossils from Bulgaria (Brunet-Lecomte et al., 1992) but is now regarded as a chronological subspecies of M. subterraneus (Brunet-Lecomte et al., 2001). Present in the British Isles during early Pleistocene interglacials (Yalden, 1999).</p><p>Regional studies have addressed the discrimination of <... [truncated]	Common Pine Vole
13000301	Microtus tatricus	Kratochvíl 1952	SPECIES			tatricus	Microtus	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Acta Acad. Sci. Nat. Moravo-Siles. vol.24 p.155-194		zykovi Zagorodnyuk, 1989.	W and E Carpathian Mtns, 800-2350 m; isolated populations in montane spruce forests and meadows of Tatra Mtns between Czech Republic, Slovakia (Moanský, 1994) and S Poland, Pilsko Mtn, and Beslksid Ziwiecki Mtns; also W Ukraine and N Romania (Zagorodnyuk, 1988; Zagorodnyuk and Zima, 1992); possibly also in the S Carpathians, Romania (Zagorodnyuk and Zima, 1992).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	<p>Subgenus Microtus. Formerly placed in subgenus Terricola, subterraneus species group (Chaline et al., 1988; Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1998; Pavlinov et al., 1995a). A distinctive species reviewed by Niethammer (1982l) and Zagorodnyuk and Zima (1992); karyotype with 2n = 32, lower than any species of Terricola (Zima and Kral, 1984a). Zagorodnyuk (1989) systematically reviewed species in the subgenus Terricola and described zykovi, now recognized as the subspecies occurring in the E Carpathians (Mitchell-Jones et al., 1999). Presence in those mountains originally based on morphology until Zagorodnyuk and Zima (1992) added chromosomal evidence to conclusively identify M. tatricus. Zagorodnyuk et al. (1992) also documented M. tatricus and M. subterraneus in the E Carpathian Mtns in the Ukraine, corrected misidentifications as M. agrestis or M. arvalis, and d... [truncated]	Tatra Vole
13000302	Microtus thomasi	Barrett-Hamilton 1903	SPECIES			thomasi	Terricola	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.11 p.306		atticus  (Miller, 1910); byroni (Bolkay, 1926).	Endemic to SW Balkans, from the Neretva River in Herzegovina through Montenegro, Albania and mainland Greece to the Peloponessos (including Euboea Isl).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Terricola, duodecimcostatus species group (Chaline et al., 1988; Pavlinov et al., 1995a) or sole member of thomasi species group (Zagorodnyuk, 1990). Generally reviewed by Niethammer (1982k) and Petrov (1992); taxonomic history reviewed by Brunet-Lecomte and Nadachowski (1994). Karyotype is polymorphic, 2n = 40 to 44 and FN = 42 to 46 (Giagia-Athanasopoulou et al., 1995; Mitchell-Jones et al., 1999; Zima and Kral, 1984a). Based on morphometric analysis of m1s, M. thomasi is strongly divergent from six other species examined in subgenus Terricola (Brunet-Lecomte and Nadachowski, 1994), a finding that supports species-group isolation (Zagorodnyuk, 1990). Synonymy of atticus confirmed by microcomplement fixation comparisons of albumin (Nikoletopoulos et al., 1992), m1 morphometry (Brunet-Lecomte and Nadachowski, 1994), and morphometric and allozymic variation (Tsekoura et al., 2002).	Thomass Pine Vole
13000304	Microtus transcaspicus	Satunin 1905	SPECIES			transcaspicus	Microtus	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Izv. Kavkas. Mus. vol.2 p.57		kermanensis  Roguin, 1988.	Dry montane steppe habitats on isolated mountains from N slopes of Kopet-Dag Mtns in S Turkmenistan (Meyer et al., 1996), mountains in E Iran in the NE (Khorassan Prov, 5 km N Kashmar, USNM) and S (Kuh-e Laleh-Zar and Kuh-e Hazar Mtns south of Kerman; Roguin, 1988), and the Hindu Kush of N Afghanistan (Ellerman, 1948; Parvan Prov, Shibar Pass, FMNH).	IUCN  Endangered as M. kermanensis, Lower Risk (lc) as M. transcaspicus.	<p>Subgenus Microtus, arvalis species group (Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987, 1998; Pavlinov et al., 1995a; Zagorodnyuk, 1990). Based on banding chromosomal data, Mazurok et al. (1996b) closely allied M. transcaspicus with M. levis among species in the M. arvalis group, an association also supported by allozymic data (Mezhzherin et al., 1993) and syntheses of karyology, morphology, and hybridization (Meyer et al., 1996). Taxonomy reviewed by Malygin (1978), Meyer et al. (1981, 1996), and Meyer (1983).</p><p>Roguin (1988) described kermanensis as a species, recognized as part of the M. arvalis group (Musser and Carleton, 1993; Pavlinov et al., 1995a; Zagorodnyuk, 1990). His description and specimen measurements fall within the range of variation typical of M. transcaspicus (see review of M. transcaspicus in Turkmenistan by Meyer et al., 1996), as do those large-bodied spec... [truncated]	Middle East Vole
13000305	Microtus umbrosus	Merriam 1898	SPECIES			umbrosus	See comments.	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.12 p.107			Cerro Zempoaltépec, 1800-3000 m, NC Oaxaca, México.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Type species and sole member of Orthriomys, a taxon typically identified as a subgenus of Microtus (Anderson, 1959; Bailey, 1900; Hall and Cockrum, 1953; R. A. Martin, 1995; Zagorodnyuk, 1990). Nonbanded karyotype reported by Cervantes et al. (1994), who noted its agreement with the complement hypothesized as ancestral for Arvicolinae. Viewed as cladistically basal to other North American pitymyines (subgenera Herpetomys, Pedomys, and Pitymys) based on phylogenetic study of molar traits (R. A. Martin, 1995); more removed from pitymyine species according to mitochrondrial gene sequences and weakly associated with M. chrotorrhinus (Conroy et al., 2001). Conroy et al. (2001) suggested that M. umbrosus represents an independent invasion of southern latitudes, the other consisting of species related to M. pinetorum, subgenus Pitymys (M. guatemalensis, M. oaxacensis, M. q... [truncated]	Zempoaltépec Vole
13000306	Microtus xanthognathus	Leach 1815	SPECIES			xanthognathus	See comments.	Microtus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Zool. Misc. vol.1 p.60			Western boreal taiga zone, from EC Alaska to W Northwest Territories, southeastwards to C Alberta and W coast of Hudson Bay, Canada.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Relationships obscureapparently not a sister species to M. chrotorrhinus as once believed (see that account and Lidicker and Yang, 1986) nor closely related to M. richardsoni, subgenus Aulacomys, as arranged by Zagorodnyuk (1990; see Conroy and Cook, 2000a). Karyotype reported and affinities discussed by Rausch and Rausch (1974). Late Pleistocene distribution reached C and E USA, as far south as S Nebraska, N Arkansas, and Virginia (Graham and Lundelius, 1994).	Taiga Vole
13000307	Myodes	Pallas 1811	GENUS					Myodes	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Zoographia Rosso Asiatica vol.I p.173	Mus rutilus Pallas, 1779 (as subsequently designated by Lataste, 1883b:349).	Clethrionomys  Tilesius, 1850; Craseomys Miller, 1900; Evotomys Coues, 1874; Glareomys Rasorenova, 1952; Neoaschizomys Tokuda, 1935; Phaulomys Thomas, 1905.			<p>In the early systematic literature, red-backed voles were commonly listed under Evotomys (e.g., Hinton, 1926a; Miller, 1896, 1924; Miller and Rehn, 1901; Trouessart, 1880-1881), until Palmer (1928) argued the priority of Clethrionomys Tilesius, 1850. Most subsequent systematic authorities and faunal works throughout the 1900s have adopted Palmers correction in recognizing Clethionomys as the valid name (Corbet, 1978c; Corbet and Hill, 1991; Ellerman, 1941; Gromov and Erbajeva, 1995; Hall, 1981; McKenna and Bell, 1997; Miller and Kellogg, 1955; Mitchell-Jones et al., 1999; Musser and Carleton, 1993; Wilson and Ruff, 1999). In his deliberate search of the early European literature, Palmer (1928) had anticipated that he would discover an older synonym for Evotomys.</p><p>Regrettably, Palmer overlooked Pallas (1811) Myodes and Latastes (1883b) subsequent designation of Mus rutilus as its type species, the same one that he... [truncated]	
13000308	Myodes andersoni	Thomas 1905	SPECIES			andersoni		Myodes	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1905 23 p.18		niigatae  (Anderson, 1909).	Known only from C and N Honshu Isl (Kaneko, 1994).	IUCN  Vulnerable as Phaulomys andersoni.	<p>Originally named as a species of Evotomys, later included in the synonymy of C. rufocanus smithii (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951), and eventually revised by Aimi (1980) as a species of Eothenomys. Subsequently arranged as a species of Phaulomys (Musser and Carleton, 1993), Eothenomys (Kaneko, 1994), or Clethrionomys (Pavlinov et al., 1995a). Evidence for treatment under Myodes is explained in account of M. smithii. Species reviewed by Kaneko (1994, as Eothenomys).</p><p>Kaneko et al. (1992a) documented vertical distributions, zone of overlap (650-1325 m), and morphological separation of M. andersoni (alpine habitats generally above 1000 m) and M. smithii in C Honshu (also see Kimura et al., 1994, 1999). Honshu specimens of problematic identification can be confidently associated using Y-chromosome morphology, certain external proportions and cranial traits, and ... [truncated]	Andersons Red-backed Vole
13400597	Plagiodontia aedium subsp. hylaeum	Miller 1927	SUBSPECIES		hylaeum	aedium		Plagiodontia	Capromyidae	Rodentia							
13000885	Rhipidomys caucensis	J. A. Allen 1913	SPECIES			caucensis		Rhipidomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.32 p.601			Middle to high elevations, 2200-3500 m, W Andes of Colombia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	R. fulviventer section sensu Tribe (1996). A small species morphologically similar to R. wetzeli (Tribe, 1996).	Colombian Rhipidomys
13000310	Myodes centralis	Miller 1906	SPECIES			centralis		Myodes	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.17 p.373		frater  (Thomas, 1908).	Known only from Tien Shan in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and adjacent NW Xinjiang, China (Zhang et al., 1997, as C. frater).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Clethrionomys centralis.	A distinctive species related to M. glareolus. Recognized as valid by Hinton (1926a) and most subsequent systematists (Corbet, 1984; Gromov and Erbajeva, 1995; Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987; Pavlinov et al., 1995a), but Corbet (1978c) included it in M. glareolus. Some Russian (Gromov and Polyakov, 1977) and Chinese (Ma and Jiang, 1996; Ma et al., 1987; Zhang et al., 1997) researchers still use frater for the species or retain both as distinct (Wang, 2003). Chromosomal data recorded by Vorontsov et al. (1978), Sokolov et al. (1990), and Ma and Jiang (1996). Not surprisingly, allozymic analyses cluster M. centralis and M. glareolus apart from other continental species (Mezhzherin and Serbenyuk, 1992).	Tien Shan Red-backed Vole
13000311	Myodes gapperi	Vigors 1830	SPECIES			gapperi		Myodes	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Zool. J. vol.5 p.204		arizonensis  (Cockrum and Fitch, 1952); athabascae (Preble, 1908); brevicaudus (Merriam, 1891); carolinensis (Merriam, 1888); cascadensis (Booth, 1945); caurinus (Bailey, 1898); fuscodorsalis (J. A. Allen, 1894); galei (Merriam, 1890); gaspeanus (Anderson, 1943); gauti (Cockrum and Fitch, 1952); hudsonius (Anderson, 1940); idahoensis (Merriam, 1891); limitis (Bailey, 1913); loringi (Bailey, 1897); maurus (Kellogg, 1939); nivarius (Bailey, 1897); occidentalis (Merriam, 1890); ochraceus (Miller, 1894); pallescens (Hall and Cockrum, 1940) [a replacement name for rufescens Smith, 1940]; paludicola (Doutt, 1941); phaeus (Swarth, 1911); proteus (Bangs, 1897); pygmaeus (Rhoads, 1894); rhoadsii (Stone, 1893); rufescens (Smith, 1940); rupicola (Poole, 1949); saturatus (Rhoads, 1894); soleus (Hall and Cockrum, 1952); stikinensis (Hall and Cockrum, 1952); uintaensis (Doutt, 1941); ungava (Bailey, 1897); wrangeli (Bailey, 1897).	Most of Canada from N British Columbia to Labrador, excluding Newfoundland; south in the Appalachians to N Georgia and NW South Carolina (Laerm et al., 1995), in the Great Plains to N Iowa, and in the Rockies to C New Mexico and EC Arizona, USA; extralimital isolates in NW and E Pennsylvania and S New Jersey.	IUCN  Data Deficient as M. g. solus (sic), Lower Risk (nt) as C. g. maurus, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	<p>Close relationship to, but genetic segregation from, M. rutilus supported by allozymic data (Mezhzherin and Serbenyuk, 1992; Nadler et al., 1978), although some had earlier suggested, without presentation of data, that gapperi and rutilus are conspecific (Bee and Hall, 1956; Youngman, 1975). In laboratory crosses with Eurasian M. glareolus, the partially infertile hybrids led Grant (1974) to view the two as semispecies of recent divergence. In a narrower taxonomic survey, Nadler et al. (1978) viewed Old World rufocanus as closely related to the New World gapperi rutilus complex, but broader analysis of allozyme polymorphisms indicated the gapperi rutilus clade to share common ancestry with glareolus centralis, not rufocanus (Mezhzherin and Serbenyuk, 1992).</p><p>Most highly variable in gastric morphology among species of Myodes studied by Carleton (1981) and differing from M<... [truncated]	Southern Red-backed Vole
13000312	Myodes glareolus	Schreber 1780	SPECIES			glareolus		Myodes	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Die Säugethiere vol.4 p.680		alstoni  (Barrett-Hamilton and Hinton, 1913); arvalis (Geoffroy, 1803) [not Desmarest, 1816; see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951:663, for status]; bernisi (Rey, 1972); bicolor (Fatio, 1862); bosniensis (Martino, 1945); britannicus (Miller, 1900); caesarius (Miller, 1908); cantueli (Saint Girons, 1969); curcio (Lehman, 1961); devius (Stroganov, 1948); erica (Barret-Hamilton, 1913); fulvus (Millet, 1828); garganicus (Hagen, 1958); gorka (Montagu, 1923); hallucalis (Thomas, 1906); harrisoni (Hinton, 1926); helveticus (Miller, 1900); hercynicus (Mehlis, 1831); insulaebellae (Heim de Balsac, 1940); intermedius (Burg, 1923); istericus (Miller, 1909); italicus (Dal Piaz, 1924); jurassicus (Burg, 1923); kennardi (Hinton, 1926); makedonicus (Felten and Storch, 1965); minor (Kerr, 1792); nageri (Schinz, 1845); norvegicus (Miller, 1900); ognevi (Serebrennikov, 1927); petrovi (Martino, 1945); pirenaica (Cabrera, 1924); pirinus (Wolf, 1940); ponticus (Thomas, 1906); pratensis (Baillon, 1834); pratensis (Bell, 1837) [not Baillon, 1834]; reinwaldti (Hinton, 1921); riparia (Yarrell, 1832) [not Ord, 1825]; rubidus (Baillon, 1834); rufescens (de Sélys Longchamps, 1836); ruttneri (Wettstein, 1926); saianicus (Thomas, 1911); sibiricus (Egorin, 1936) [not Poliakoff, 1881]; skomerensis (Barrett-Hamilton, 1903); sobrus (Montagu, 1923); suecicus (Miller, 1900); tomensis (Heptner, 1948); variscicus (Wettstein, 1954); vasconiae (Miller, 1900); vesanus (Hinton, 1926); wasjuganensis (Egorin, 1939).	W Palaearctic forests from France and Scandinavia to Lake Baikal, south to N Spain, N Italy (isolated montane populations farther south), the Balkans (but not most of Greece), W and N Turkey, N Kazakhstan and the Altai and Sayan Mtns; also occurs on Britain and SW Ireland.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>European populations reviewed by Viro and Niethammer (1982) and Mitchell-Jones et al. (1999), those in Russia and adjacent regions by Gromov and Erbajeva (1995). Regional reports covering range, taxonomy, and ecology are available for: N Turkey (Pamukoglu and Albayrak, 1996), Greece (Thrace; Vohralík and Sofianidou, 1992a), Serbia and Montenegro (Krytufek and Vohralík, 1992; Petrov, 1992), Slovenia (Krytufek, 1991), NE Spain (Torre et al., 1996) and Navarra region of N Spain (Castien and Gosalbez, 1992), Netherlands (Bergers and Bussink, 1995; Mostert, 1992a), E Baltic region (Miljutin, 1997, 1998; Timm et al., 1998), Italia (Amori et al., 1999; Cantini, 1991; Cerone and Aloise, 1994; Cresti et al., 1994; Locatelli and Paolucci, 1996a), Slovakia (Danko, 1994; Kminiak, 1996; Moanský, 1994; Stanko, 1995; Stanko and Moanský, 1994, 2000; Stanko et al., 1994, 2000), Czech Republic (maha, 1996), N Germany (Dolch et al., 1994), Sumava Mtns of SW Bohemia (And&#277;... [truncated]	Bank Vole
13000313	Myodes imaizumii	Jameson 1961	SPECIES			imaizumii		Myodes	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Pacific Sci. vol.15 p.599			Recorded only from the S end of the Kii Peninsula.		<p>Described as a species of Clethrionomys, imaizumii was demoted to a subspecies of andersoni by Aimi (1967) and afterwards placed in full synonymy of Eothenomys andersoni (Aimi, 1980; Musser and Carleton, 1993; Pavlinov et al., 1995a). See M. smithii account for association of imaizumii with Myodes rather than Eothenomys. Kitahara (1995) exhaustively studied molar patterns and craniometric data of C Honshu voles and also concluded that the Kii populations represent M. andersoni; lab-breeding trials between imaizumii and andersoni have produced fertile hybrids (Kitahara and Kimura, 1995). Suzuki et al. (1999b) postulated a biogeographic scenario to explain the southward extension of andersoni into the Kii Peninsula, followed by their isolation, as imaizumii, when climates warmed and M. smithii expanded from west to the east.</p><p>Detailed chromosomal (Iwasa et... [truncated]	Imaizumis Red-backed Vole
13000314	Myodes regulus	Thomas 1906 "1907"	SPECIES			regulus		Myodes	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1906 p.863			Korean Peninsula (Won and Smith, 1999, as Eothenomys).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Eothenomys regulus.	<p>Usually included in M. rufocanus (G. M. Allen, 1940; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; Gromov and Polyakov, 1977; Hinton, 1926a; also see references in Kaneko, 1990) but treated as a separate species by Corbet (1978c). In a study of red-backed voles from Russia, NE China, and Korea, Kaneko (1990) thoroughly documented morphological distinctions between M. rufocanus and M. regulus, considering the latter to be a Korean endemic and suggesting (p. 129) that "the true geographical demarcation line between the two species lies on the western and southern boundary of the Kaima Plateau, North Korea." Kaneko also discovered that adult and old regulus lack molar roots, a key character for separating Myodes from Eothenomys, and so transferred the Korean endemic to Eothenomys.</p><p>Subsequent mitochondrial and nuclear ribosomal DNA analyses conclusively demonstrate that M. regulus is distinct but phylo... [truncated]	Korean Red-backed Vole
13000384	Habromys ixtlani	Goodwin 1964	SPECIES			ixtlani		Habromys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.2183 p.3			Upper elevations of Sierra de Juárez, 2350-3150 m, NC Oaxaca, México.		Originally described as a species but regarded as a well marked subspecies of H. lepturus by Musser (1969). Morphological differentiation from H. lepturus and other Habromys reevaluated by Carleton et al. (2002), who returned ixtlani to specific rank.	Ixtlán Deermouse
13001567	Mus musculus subsp. gentilulus	Thomas 1919	SUBSPECIES		gentilulus	musculus	Mus	Mus	Muridae	Rodentia						See comments under species account.	
13000315	Myodes rex	Imaizumi 1971	SPECIES			rex		Myodes	Cricetidae	Rodentia	J. Mammal. Soc. Japan vol.6 p.99		montanus  (Imaizumi, 1972).	Hokkaido and small islets of Rishiri and Rebun off NW coast of Hokkaido (Kaneko et al., 1998:25, 28).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	<p>Treated as a distinct species (Abe, 1973a, b, 1984) until Aimi (1980) included rex in M. rufocanus, an allocation followed by Corbet (1978c) and Musser and Carleton (1993). Kaneko and Sato (1993), however, presented morphological traits that distinguish the two as species on Rishiri Isl (also Kaneko et al., 1998) and demonstrated their sympatry and habitat affinities. Subsequent evaluation of ribosomal and mitochondrial DNA sequences clearly sustains the specific integrity of M. rex (Suzuki et al., 1999b; Wakana et al., 1996). Imaizumis (1971) description of M. rex, differential comparisons with M. rufocanus, and records of habitat segregation (M. rufocanus in open grassy fields, M. rex in coniferous forest) are lucid and thorough.</p><p>Imaizumi (1972) described montanus (Hidaka Mtns, Hokkaido) as the other species in his M. rex group. A wealth of morphological (Abe, 197... [truncated]	Hokkaido Red-backed Vole
13000316	Myodes rufocanus	Sundevall 1846	SPECIES			rufocanus		Myodes	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ofv. K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Forhandl. Stockholm vol.3 p.122		akkeshii  (Imaizumi, 1949); arsenjevi (Dukelsky, 1928); bargusinensis (Turov, 1924); bedfordiae (Thomas, 1905); bromleyi Kostenko [date unknown, nomen nudum; see Gromov and Erbajeva, 1995]; changbaishanensis (Jang, Ma, and Luo, 1993); irkutensis (Ognev, 1924); kamtnschaticus (Poliakov, 1881); kolymensis (Ognev, 1922); kurilensis (Tokuda, 1932); latastei (J. A. Allen, 1903); microtinus (Kuzyakin, 1963) [nomen nudum]; siberica (Poliakov, 1881); sikotanensis (Tokuda, 1935); wosnessenskii (Poliakov, 1881); yesomontanus (Kishida, 1931).	N Palearctic from Scandinavia through Siberia to Kamchatka (Nikanorov, 2000), Sakhalin, and Taraku (south of Shikotan Isl in the S Kuril Isls) in Russia, south to S Ural Mtns, the Altai Mtns, Transbaikal, N China (NW Xinjiang in the west, and Nei Mongol, Liaoning, Jilin, and Heilongjiang in the NE), N portion of Korean peninsula, N Japan (Hokkaido and the offshore islets of Rishiri, Daikoku, Teuri, and Yagishiri), and the S Kurile Isls of Kunashiri, Shikotan, Shibotsu and others.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>Chromosomal and molecular evidence relates M. rufocanus most closely to Korean M. regulus and Japanese M. rex, M. andersoni, M. smithii, and M. imaizumii (Iwasa et al., 1999a; Suzuki et al., 1999b; Wakana et al., 1996); it is also morphologically similar to the Chinese M. shanseius (see that account). Allozymic (Mezhzherin and Serbenyuk, 1992) and chromosomal data (Sokolov et al., 1990) reveal M. rufocanus as highly differentiated from other Myodes sampled (M. centralis, M. glareolus, M. gapperi, M. rutilus). DNA/DNA hybridization and homologous landmark analyses also distantly isolate M. rufocanus from M. glareolus and New World M. rutilus and M. gapperi (Din et al., 1993). Myodes rufocanus and M. rex have rooted molars ... [truncated]	Gray Red-backed Vole
13000317	Myodes rutilus	Pallas 1779	SPECIES			rutilus		Myodes	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Nova Spec. Quadr. Glir. Ord. p.246		alascensis  (Miller, 1898); albiventer (Hall and Gilmore, 1932); amurensis (Schrenk, 1859); baikalensis (Ognev, 1924); dawsoni (Merriam, 1888); dorogostaiskii (Vinogradov, 1933) [nomen nudum]; finmarchius (Siivonen, 1967); glacialis (Orr, 1945); hintoni (Vinogradov, 1933) [nomen nudum]; hintoni (Zolotarev, 1936); insularis (Heller, 1910); jacutensis (Vinogradov, 1927); jochelsoni (J. A. Allen, 1903); laticeps (Ognev, 1924); latigriseus (Argyropulo and Afanasiev, 1939); lenaensis (Koljuschev, 1936); mikado (Thomas, 1905); mollessonae (Kastschenko, 1910); narymensis (Argyropulo and Afanasiev, 1939); orca (Merriam, 1900); otus (Turov, 1924); parvidens (Ognev, 1924); platycephalus (Manning, 1957); rjabovi (Beljaeva, 1953); rossicus (Dukelsky, 1928); russatus (Radde, 1862); salairicus (Egorin, 1936); tugarinovi (Vinogradov, 1933) [nomen nudum]; tundrensis (Bolshakov and Schwarz, 1965); uralensis (Vinogradov, 1933) [nomen nudum]; uralensis (Koljusch, 1936); vinogradovi (Naumov, 1933); volgensis (Kaplanov and Raevsky, 1928); washburni (Hanson, 1952); watsoni (Orr, 1945).	Holarcticin Old World, from N Scandinavia east to Chukotski Peninsula, and south to N Kazakhstan, Transbaikalia, Mongolia, N China (NW Xinjiang in the west, Nei Mongol and Ningxia in northcentral, and Jilin and Heilongjiang in the northeast; Zhang et al., 1997), extreme N Korean Peninsula (Won and Smith, 1999), and Sakhalin and Hokkaido Isls (Dobson, 1994; Henttonen and Peiponen, 1982; Nikanorov, 2000); St. Lawrence Isl, Bering Sea; in New World, from Alaska east to Hudson Bay, and south to N Alaska Panhandle, N British Columbia, and NE Manitoba, Canada.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>Conspecificity of Old (rutilus) and New World (dawsoni) populations advanced by Rausch (1953) and corroborated by subsequent studies (e.g., Nadler et al., 1976, 1978; Rausch and Rausch, 1975a). Phylogenetic interpretation of allozymes indicates that M. rutilus is most closely related to M. gapperi, the two forming a monophyletic group along with M. glareolus M. centralis but excluding M. rufocanus (Mezhzherin and Serbenyuk, 1992). Analyses of autosomes (Iwasa et al., 1999b) and mitochondrial and nuclear ribosomal DNA (Suzuki et al., 1999b; Wakana et al., 1996) also emphasize the phyletic distance between M. rutilus and M. rufocanus and its allies (M. andersoni, M. smithii, M. rex, M. regulus).</p><p>North American populations revised, as Clethrionomys dawsoni, by Orr (1945), and, as ... [truncated]	Northern Red-backed Vole
13000318	Myodes shanseius	Thomas 1908	SPECIES			shanseius		Myodes	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1908 p.643		jeholicus  (Kuroda, 1939).	NC China: C Nei Mongol, S Gansu, N Shanxi, N Shaanxi, Beijing, and Hebei provinces (Kaneko, 1992c; Zhang et al., 1997).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Eothenomys shanseius.	<p>Usually regarded as a subspecies of rufocanus (G. M. Allen, 1940; Ellerman, 1941; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; Gromov and Polyakov, 1977; Hinton, 1926a; Howell, 1929; Wang, 2003; Ye et al., 2002). Because adults possess rootless molars, Corbet (1978c) reassociated shanseius with Eothenomys, an allocation followed by Corbet and Hill (1992), Musser and Carleton (1993), and Pavlinov et al. (1995a). Karyotype matches that of other Myodes (Ma and Jiang, 1996). Species revised by Kaneko (1992c), as Eothenomys shanseius, who judged the holotype of jeholicus to be a young example.</p><p>Pelage texture, hair length, and color pattern in shanseius, however, are typical of species of Myodes, strikingly unlike the dark brown, short-furred Eothenomys (comparative series in AMNH and USNM). Like other Myodes, female shanseius have four pairs of mammae (one pectoral, one axillary, a... [truncated]	Shanxi Red-backed Vole
13000330	Ondatra zibethicus	Linnaeus 1766	SPECIES			zibethicus		Ondatra	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Syst. Nat., 12th ed. vol.1 p.79		albus  (Sabine, 1823); americana Tiedemann, 1808; aquilonius (Bangs, 1899); bernardi Goldman, 1932; cinnamominus (Hollister, 1910); hudsonius (Preble, 1902); goldmani Huey, 1938; maculosa (Richardson, 1829); macrodon (Merriam, 1897); mergens (Hollister, 1910); niger (Fitzinger, 1867); niger (Brass, 1911); nigra (Richardson, 1829); obscurus (Bangs, 1894); occipitalis (Elliot, 1903); osoyoosensis (Lord, 1863); pallidus (Mearns, 1890); ripensis (Bailey, 1902); rivalicius (Bangs, 1895); spatulatus (Osgood, 1900); varius (Fitzinger, 1867); zalophus (Hollister, 1910).	North America, north to the treeline, including Newfoundland; south to the Gulf of México, Rio Grande and lower Colorado River valleys. Introduced to Czech Republic in 1905 and now widespread in the Palearctic, including C and N Europe, most of Ukraine, Russia, and Siberia, adjacent parts of Mongolia and scattered throughout China, NE Korea, and Honshu Isl, Japan (Gromov and Erbajeva, 1995, for Eurasian range; Mitchell-Jones et al., 1999, for European range); also into southernmost Argentina (Galliari et al., 1996; Olrog and Lucero, 1981).	IUCN  Data Deficient as O. z. ripensis, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	<p>Subspecific classification revised, under the name Fiber, by Hollister (1911); Whitaker and Hamilton (1998) regarded macrodon as inseparable from O. z. zibethicus. Comprehensive summaries of systematics, ecology, population biology, and economic status provided by Pietsch (1982), Perry (1982), and Sokolov and Lavrov (1993). Correlation between masticatory muscles and cranial architecture monographed by Vendeloo (1953). Viriot et al. (1993) used digital imaging to analyze molar ontogeny and wear effects in extant samples; the technique may quantitatively refine the evolutionary chronocline as traced in the stratigraphic record (e.g., Chaline et al., 1999; R. A. Martin, 1996).</p><p>History of introductions, mostly for fur farming, and early population spread in Eurasia and USA reviewed by Storer (1937) and Willner (1984). Recent faunal studiesincluding records of introduction, distribution, and population expansioncollectively underscore the muskr... [truncated]	Common Muskrat
13000319	Myodes smithii	Thomas 1905	SPECIES			smithii		Myodes	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.15 p.493		kageus  (Imaizumi, 1957); okiensis (Tokuda, 1932).	Japanese islands of Dogo, Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu (Kaneko, 1992b, 1994).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Phaulomys smithii.	<p>Type species of Phaulomys Thomas (1905b), diagnosed as a subgenus of Evotomys. Imaizumi (1949) transferred Phaulomys to Eothenomys, an action largely ignored (e.g., Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951) until adopted by Corbet (1978c) and Aimi (1980). Phaulomys was reinstated as a genus, containing andersoni and smithii, by Kawamura (1988), who thought the two extant species with rootless molars (a key trait of Eothenomys) were derived from the middle Pleistocene japonicus, which has rooted molars. Molar and external traits also led Tanaka (1971) to recognize Phaulomys as a genus distinct from Eothenomys, primarily because smithii combined characteristics of both Myodes and Eothenomys. Chromosomal analyses of smithii suggest that Myodes and Phaulomys are derived from a common ancestor (Ando et al., 1988).</p><p>We (1993:532) previously recognized Phaul... [truncated]	Smiths Red-backed Vole
13000320	Myopus	Miller 1910	GENUS					Myopus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Smithson. Misc. Coll. vol.52 p.497	Myodes schisticolor Lilljeborg, 1844.				Lemmini. Conventionally treated as a genus until Chaline (1972) regarded the molar differences between schisticolor and Lemmus to reflect species-level distinctions (also Chaline and Mein, 1979; Chaline et al., 1989). Koenigswald and L. D. Martin (1984) also cited fundamental molar similarity for their arrangement of Myopus as a subgenus of Lemmus. Others, however, have maintained their generic segregation (Gromov and Erbajeva, 1995; Jarrel and Fredga, 1993; Niethammer and Henttonen, 1982; Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987, 1998; Pavlinov et al., 1995a), as we do here. Although Lemmus and Myopus share certain dental resemblances, they are readily distinguished by karyotype, a profoundly different sex chromosome mechanism, body size, fur coloration, morphology (feet, skull and eyes), habitat, and behavior (Jarrell and Fredga, 1993); such contrasts have not been addressed in a phylogenetic context along with other forms comprising these genus-g... [truncated]	
13000321	Myopus schisticolor	Lilljeborg 1844	SPECIES			schisticolor		Myopus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ofv. K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Forhandl. Stockholm vol.I p.33		middendorfii  Vinogradov, 1922; morulus Hollister, 1912; saianicus Hinton, 1914; thayeri G. M. Allen, 1914; vinogradovi Skalon and Raevski, 1940.	Coniferous taiga zone from Norway and Sweden through Siberia to Kolyma River and Kamchatka (Nikanorov, 2000), south to the Altai Mtns, N Mongolia and NE China (N Heilongjiang and N Nei Mongol; Zhang et al., 1997), and the Sikhote Alin Range (Corbet, 1978c); also a southern isolate in the Ural Mtns, near source of Ural River, about 450 km south of previously recorded limit at 58ºN.	IUCN  Near Threatened.	<p>Described in detail by Miller (1912a) and Hinton (1926a); reviewed by Gromov and Polyakov (1977) and Corbet (1978c, 1984). Intraspecific chromosomal variation and extraordinary genetic system of sex determination leading to female-biased sex ratio documented by Gropp et al. (1976), Kozlovskij (1986), Fredga et al. (1976, 1977, 1993), and Gileva and Fedorov (1991). Departures from the usual 2n = 32 documented for Siberian samples (Gileva et al., 1983; Kozlovsky, 1985), but the chromosomal difference does not signify more than a single species (Jarrell and Fredga, 1993). Genetic variation is low in populations from Western Siberia and Scandinavia (Fedorov, 1990, 1993; Fredga et al., 1993). Using isozyme analysis, Fedorov et al. (1994) recorded significant genetic divergence between the Fennoscandian, Western Siberian, and Eastern Siberian regions but little differentiation among populations within each. Age and geographic variation among Norwegian populations asse... [truncated]	Wood Lemming
13000322	Neodon	Horsfield 1841	GENUS					Neodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	A Catalogue of the Mammalia in the Museum of the Hon. East-India Company p.145-146 (as corrected by Kaneko and Smeenk, 1996; not Hodgson, 1849, as entrenched in the literature)	Neodon sikimensis Horsfield, 1841.	Bicunedens  Hodgson, 1863.			<p>Arvicolini. Included in Pitymyini by Repenning et al. (1990) and Repenning (1992). Maintained as a genus by some specialists (Ellerman, 1941; Hinton, 1923, 1926a; Zagorodnyuk, 1990, 1992c), as a subgenus of Pitymys by others (Corbet, 1978c; Ellerman, 1941; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951), or a subgenus of Microtus (G. M. Allen, 1940; Gromov and Erjabeva, 1995; Gromov and Polyakov, 1977; Musser and Carleton, 1993; Pavlinov et al., 1995a). Hinton (1923, 1926a) enumerated cranial traits that characterize Neodon and considered it to be closely related to Pitymys, primarily based on the m1 occlusal pattern; species of Nearctic Pitymys and Palearctic Terricola (here treated as subgenera of Microtus) and Neodon sikimensis all possess this pitymyine m1 configuration (as defined by Repenning, 1992:65). Both N. sikimensis and pitymyine forms also have an elongate and complex M3, general... [truncated]	
13000323	Neodon forresti	Hinton 1923	SPECIES			forresti		Neodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.11 9 p.156			Extreme NW Yunnan, China (Hinton, 1923), and northernmost Burma (Ellerman, 1961), 3350-3660 m.		Morphologically close to N. irene but body size larger, pelage longer and darker (Hinton, 1923). Monographed as species by G. M. Allen (1940), but he noted that forresti may be only a southern subspecies of irene, as later recognized by Ellerman (1947a, 1961); forresti was subsequently arranged as a subspecies of N. sikimensis (Weigel, 1969). Intergradation between forresti and irene has never been demonstrated. None of the 112 specimens of irene we studied from NW Sichuan (see measurements in Lawrence, 1982), or those documented by G. M. Allen from S Gansu and N Yunnan, overlap in size with specimens of forresti of comparable age.	Forrests Mountain Vole
13000385	Habromys lepturus	Merriam 1898	SPECIES			lepturus		Habromys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.12 p.118			Humid montane forest on Sierra de Zempoaltépec, 2500-3000 m, NC Oaxaca, México.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Formerly included ixtlani as a subspecies (Musser, 1969).	Zempoaltepec Deermouse
14000045	Felis manul subsp. ferruginea	Ognev 1928	SUBSPECIES		ferruginea	manul		Felis	Felidae	Carnivora							
13000324	Neodon irene	Thomas 1911	SPECIES			irene		Neodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1911 90 p.5		oniscus  Thomas, 1911.	High mountains in the Chinese provinces of E Qinghai, S Gansu, W Sichuan, NE Xizang, and NW Yunnan (G. M. Allen, 1940; Feng et al., 1986; Zhang et al., 1997).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Microtus irene.	Member of the sikimensis species group (Zagorodnyuk, 1990). Ellerman (1941, 1947b, 1961) and Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) listed irene as a valid species, but Weigel (1969) allocated it to Pitymys sikimensis as did Corbet (1978c), citing Grubers (1969) "detailed study" as substantiation. However, the union of irene and sikimensis is insufficiently demonstrated by Grubers study, whose data actually underscore the trenchant differences in size and dentition between the two. Ellerman (1947b, 1961) highlighted these marked differences in body size and m1 patterns in his keys and descriptions, contrasts reinforced by Feng et al. (1986), who recorded irene from NE Tibet and sikimensis just to the west, without evidence of character overlap. Lawrence (1982) recorded localities and habitat information for a large AMNH series of N. irene collected in Qionglai Shan (2900-3660 m), Sichuan.	Irenes Mountain Vole
13000325	Neodon juldaschi	Severtzov 1879	SPECIES			juldaschi		Neodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Sap. Turk. Otd. Obsh.Lubit. Estestv. vol.1 p.63		carruthersi Thomas, 1909; pamirensis Miller, 1899; thalassensis Sludsky, 1988 [nomen nudum; see Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1998]; yuldaschi (Severtzov, 1879) [original spelling but alteration to juldaschi unclear; see Pavlinov et al., 1995a].	W Tien Shan (Talasskiy Altai), south to Gissar and Turkestan ranges in E Tajikistan and SW Kyrgyzstan and east though the Pamir Mtns in E Tajikistan to NW Xizang (Tibet; Feng et al, 1986) and SW Xinjiang (Zhang et al., 1997); farther south in N Pakistan (Roberts, 1977) and NE Afghanistan (Hassinger, 1973; Niethammer, 1970).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Microtus juldaschi.	<p>M3 occlusal patterns range from slightly more elaborate than Allophaiomys to a configuration resembling N. sikimensis (see Hinton, 1923; Nadachowski and Zagorodnyuk, 1996). The taxon carruthersi was treated as a separate species (Ellerman, 1941; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; Ognev, 1964) until synonymized with juldaschi (Corbet, 1978c), a synonymy thereafter observed (Gromov and Erbajeva, 1995; Gromov and Polyakov, 1977; Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987, 1998; Pavlinov et al., 1995a; Musser and Carleton, 1993). Bolshakov and Pokrovskii (1969) questioned the morphological distinction of carruthersi and juldaschi and demonstrated unhindered hybridization between the two with completely fertile offspring. Gromov and Polyakov (1977), however, remained skeptical, noting that Bolshakov and Pokrovskiis sample of carruthersi was not topotypic (Tajikistan, Gissar Mtns, 100 miles east of Samarkand, 9000-10,000 ft) but from the M... [truncated]	Juniper Mountain Vole
13000326	Neodon sikimensis	Horsfield 1841	SPECIES			sikimensis		Neodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	A Catalogue of the Mammalia in the Museum of the Hon. East-India Company p.145-146 (as corrected by Kaneko and Smeenk, 1996; not Hodgson, 1849, as entrenched in the literature)		thricolis (Gray, 1863).	Himalayas from W to E Nepal (based on FMNH series), through NE India (Sikkim and Darjeeling Dist.) to E Bhutan (Ellerman, 1947a, 1961); also SC and E Xizang (Tibet; Feng et al., 1986; Zhang et al., 1997).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Microtus sikimensis.	Geographic distribution of N. sikimensis on the E Tibetan Plateau is parapatric with the smaller-bodied and morphologically different N. irene (see account), once included in N. sikimensis. Banded karyotype (2n = 48, FN = 56) described by Mekada et al. (2002), who postulated its derivation from that characterizing N. juldaschi (as Microtus carruthersi). Indian population reviewed by Agrawal (2000); aspects of habitat, individual and age variation reported by Abe (1971) and Gruber (1969).	Sikkim Mountain Vole
13000327	Neofiber	True 1884	GENUS					Neofiber	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Science vol.4 p.34	Neofiber alleni True, 1884.	Schistodelta  Cope, 1899.			Neofibrini. A relictual form once more widespread in the E USA (Frazier, 1977; Hibbard and Dalquest, 1973). Although sometimes placed with Ondatra in Ondatrini (Chaline and Mein, 1979; Repenning et al., 1990), various morphological features suggest a more distant relationship (Carleton, 1981; Hooper and Hart, 1962; Koenigswald, 1980), as does some fossil evidence (R. A. Martin, 1975; Zakrzewski, 1974). Alternatively, Neofiber either has been cited as Arvicolinae incertae sedis (Gromov and Polyakov, 1977; Koenigswald, 1980; Kretzoi, 1969) or affiliated with Arvicola and Microtus in a broadly-defined Arvicolini (Zagorodnyuk, 1990). Also see remarks under Ondatra.	
13000328	Neofiber alleni	True 1884	SPECIES			alleni		Neofiber	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Science vol.4 p.34		apalachicolae  Schwartz, 1953; exoristus Schwartz, 1953 nigrescens A. H. Howell, 1920; struix Schwartz, 1952.	Most of peninsular Florida, extralimitally in extreme SE Georgia and Florida panhandle, USA.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Geographic races initially delimited by Schwartz (1953), but Whitaker and Hamilton (1998) recommended nigrescens and struix as synonyms of N. a. alleni. See Birkenholz (1972, Mammalian Species, 15).	Round-tailed Muskrat
13000329	Ondatra	Link 1795	GENUS					Ondatra	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Beytrage zur Naturgeschichte vol.1 2 p.76	Castor zibethicus Linnaeus, 1766.	Fiber  G. Cuvier, 1800; Moschomys Billberg, 1827; Mussacus Oken, 1816; Neondatra Hibbard, 1937; Pliopotamys Wilson, 1933; Simotes Fischer, 1817.			Ondatrini. Assigned either as sole tribal member (Hooper and Hart, 1962; Koenigswald, 1980) or with Neofiber (Chaline and Mein, 1979; Repenning et al., 1990); or placed in subtribe Ondatrina, Arvicolini (Pavlinov et al., 1995a). Based on allozymic analysis, Mezhzherin et al. (1995) recognized Ondatrini as the first group to have diverged from the basal arvicoline stock during the late Miocene. Evidence from fossil history and morphology indicates that the two genera of "muskrats" are more distantly related than their inclusion in the same tribe would connote (Carleton, 1981; Hooper and Hart, 1962; Koenigswald, 1980; R. A. Martin, 1975, 1979); analysis of long interspersed nucleotide elements, on the other hand, unites Ondatra and Neofiber as sister genera (Modi, 1996). Originated from the Pliocene form Pliopotamys minor (Eshelman, 1975; Zakrzewski, 1974); Pliocene-Pleistocene changes in dentition and size ("chronomorphs") leading to extant species are... [truncated]	
13000331	Phaiomys	Blyth 1863	GENUS					Phaiomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	J. Asiatic Soc. Bengal vol.32 1 p.89	Phaiomys leucurus Blyth, 1863.				<p>Arvicolini. Variably recognized as a genus (Ellerman, 1941; Hinton, 1923, 1926a; R. A. Martin, 1987, 1989b; Repenning, 1992; Repenning et al., 1990); a subgenus of Microtus (G. M. Allen, 1940; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; Musser and Carleton, 1993; Ognev, 1950); a subgenus of Pitymys (Corbet, 1978c; Ellerman, 1947a, 1961; Zheng and Wang, 1980); or a subgenus of Neodon (Gromov and Polyakov, 1977; Zagorodnyuk, 1990, 1992c). Nadachowski and Zagorodnyuk (1996) identified Phaiomys leucurus as a Pleistocene relict because its M3 and m1 occlusal patterns are simple and closely similar to the extinct Allophaiomys. Chaline (1987:253) proclaimed that "an isolate of the ancestral Allophaiomys pliocaenicus stayed in the Himalayas and survives as Phaiomys leucurus." R. A. Martin (1987, 1989b) thought the m1 patterns in Allophaiomys pliocaenicus and Phaiomys to be so similar that he incl... [truncated]	
13000332	Phaiomys leucurus	Blyth 1863	SPECIES			leucurus		Phaiomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.32 p.89		blythi (Blanford, 1875); everesti Thomas and Hinton, 1922; petulans (Wroughton, 1911); strauchi (Büchner, 1889); tsaidamensis (Satunin, 1903); waltoni (Bonhote, 1905); zadoensis (Zheng and Wang, 1980).	Chinese provinces of S Xinjiang (Zhang et al., 1997), S Qinghai (Zheng and Wang, 1980) and Xizang (Feng et al., 1986) on the Tibetan Plateau (Hoffmann, 1996a), and high altitudes in the Himalayas west to NW India (Jammu, Kashmir, and Himachal Pradesh, above 4500 m; Agrawal, 2000).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Microtus leucurus.	Revised by Zheng and Wang (1980); allocation of tsaidamensis to P. leucurus documented by Hoffmann (1996a). Hoffmann provided a detailed historical review of expeditionary routes and collection sites of P. leucurus on the Tibetian Plateau, and recorded places of sympatry with Lasiopodomys fuscus (formerly included in leucurus). Feng et al. (1986) also discussed and mapped distribution on the Tibetan Plateau (molar rows they illustrate are either incorrectly drawn or from another vole). Zheng and Wang (1980) recognized leucurus, waltoni, and zadoensis as subspecies. The older leucurus Gerbe, 1852, is a synonym of nivalis, a species transferred from Microtus to Chionomys (see that account). Should nivalis ever be returned to Microtus, the name blythi would have to replace leucurus, a doubtful eventuality considering the great phylogenetic distance between Chionomys</i... [truncated]	Blyths Mountain Vole
13000333	Phenacomys	Merriam 1889	GENUS					Phenacomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	N. Am. Fauna vol.2 p.32	Phenacomys intermedius Merriam, 1889.	Propliophenacomys  L. D. Martin, 1975.			<p>Phenacomyine. Apart from Arborimus, nearest generic kin uncertainplaced as Arvicolinae incertae sedis (Chaline et al., 1999; Gromov and Polyakov, 1977); or with Phenacomyini, including Arborimus (Zagorodnyuk, 1990); Arvicolini, including Phaiomys and certain extinct genera (Repenning et al., 1990); or Myodini (McKenna and Bell, 1997). The rooted molars and lack of cement in reentrant angles are plesiomorphic traits that suggest an early differentiation of Phenacomys within the arvicoline radiation, and paleontologists have proposed its origin from a lineage of Beringian Mimomys in the early Pliocene (Repenning and Grady, 1988; Repenning et al. 1987). Early cladistic separation is also suggested by phylogenetic analysis of highly repetitive DNA (LINE-1) elements, in which Phenacomys forms an unresolved basal trichotomy with Dicrostonyx and a third branch subtending seven other genera surveyed (Modi, 1996). Revised by Howell (19... [truncated]	
13000334	Phenacomys intermedius	Merriam 1889	SPECIES			intermedius		Phenacomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	N. Am. Fauna vol.2 p.32		celsus  A. B. Howell, 1923; constablei J. A. Allen, 1899; laingi Anderson, 1942; levis A. B. Howell, 1923; olympicus Elliot, 1899; oramontis Rhoads, 1895; orophilus Merriam, 1891; preblei Merriam, 1897; pumilus (Elliot, 1899); truei J. A. Allen, 1894.	NW British Columbia and SW Alberta, Canada, south to N New Mexico, C Utah, and N California, USA; disjunct populations in EC California and W Nevada, USA.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Howell (1926) originally recognized three species (intermedius, mackenzii, and ungava) of heather voles, later reduced to two (intermedius and ungava including mackenzii) by Anderson (1942, 1947). Crowe (1943) further lumped all under intermedius based on suspected intergrades from SW Alberta, and the recognition of a single species has been generally followed (e.g., Banfield, 1974; Corbet and Hill, 1991; Hall and Cockrum, 1953) but not exclusively so (Cowan and Guiguet, 1965; Miller and Kellogg, 1955; Peterson, 1966). Foster and Peterson (1961) questioned Crowes appreciation of age-effects in his identification of the alleged intergrades between intermedius and ungava. As remarked by Cowan and Guiguet (1965), the matter of their synonymy "requires more detailed examination before a decision can be reached," an appraisal which stands equally valid today. See McAllister and Hoffmann (1988, Mammalian Species, 305, including ... [truncated]	Western Heather Vole
13000335	Phenacomys ungava	Merriam 1889	SPECIES			ungava		Phenacomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	N. Am. Fauna vol.2 p.35		celatus  Merriam, 1889; crassus Bangs, 1900; latimanus Merriam, 1889; mackenzii Preble, 1902; soperi Anderson, 1942.	S Yukon across much of Canada to E Labrador; southwards skirting the E Rocky Mountains to S Alberta, along the N Great Lakes and lower St. Lawrence River, SE Quebec.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	See remarks under P. intermedius and McAllister and Hoffmann (1988) on proper usage of ungava for this form. Distributional limits in late Pleistocene much farther south, as far as N Arkansas, C Tennessee, and Virginia (Graham and Lundelius, 1994).	Eastern Heather Vole
13000351	Allocricetulus eversmanni	Brandt 1859	SPECIES			eversmanni		Allocricetulus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Melanges. Biol. Acad. St. Petersbourg p.210		beljawi  (Argyropulo, 1933); belajevi (Selevin, 1934); beljaevi (Kuznetzov, 1944); microdon (Ognev, 1925); pseudocurtatus Vorontsov and Kryukova, 1969 [nomen nudum].	Steppes of N Kazakhstan from Volga River to the upper Irtysh River at Zaysan Lake in E Kazakhstan; also N Xinjiang Prov., NW China (Wang, 2003).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	See Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987) for allocation of pseudocurtatus.	Eversmanns Hamster
13000336	Proedromys	Thomas 1911	GENUS					Proedromys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1911 90 p.4	Proedromys bedfordi Thomas, 1911.				Arvicolini. Although included in Microtus by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) and Corbet (1978c), most systematists have maintained Proedromys as genus (G. M. Allen, 1940; Gromov and Polyakov, 1977; McKenna and Bell, 1997; Musser and Carleton, 1993; Pavlinov et al., 1995a; Wang et al., 1966; Zhang et al., 1997). The taxons diagnostic traits, as enumerated by Thomas (1911d massive cranium with wide, heavy, and grooved upper incisors and remarkably short lower incisors, and molar peculiarities), identify it as an independent lineage derived from some as yet unidentified ancestral arvicoline stock. Gromov and Polyakov (1977) considered Proedromys a relict of unidentifiable affinites, and Repenning (1992:65), based on molar occlusal patterns, speculated that "an origin out of Allophaiomys or early Lasiopodomys seems apparent but is not as yet documented."	
13000337	Proedromys bedfordi	Thomas 1911	SPECIES			bedfordi		Proedromys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1911 90 p.4			Recorded from S Gansu and N Sichuan (Wang et al., 1966; Zhang et al., 1997), China.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	The only extant species of the genus. Pleistocene fragments from Shanxi, Hebei, and Shandong provinces have been identified as P. cf. bedfordi (Zheng and Li, 1990).	Duke of Bedfords Vole
13000338	Prometheomys	Satunin 1901	GENUS					Prometheomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Zool. Anz. vol.24 p.572	Prometheomys schaposchnikowi Satunin, 1901.				<p>Prometheomyini. The only extant member of an archaic line that most specialists isolate as a tribe within Arvicolinae (Gromov and Polyakov, 1977; Hooper and Hart, 1962; Kretzoi, 1955, 1969; McKenna and Bell, 1997; Musser and Carleton, 1993; Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987; Zagorodnyuk, 1990). Repenning et al. (1990), however, aligned Prometheomys with another presumed relic, Ellobius, in Prometheomyinae. A third view was offered by Pavlinov et al. (1995a) and Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1998), who sequestered Prometheomys within its own subtribe of a broadly defined Prometheomyini (also Alticola, Clethrionomys [= Myodes], Dicrostonyx, Dinaromys, Eolagurus, Eothenomys, Hyperacrius, and Lagurus in other subtribes).</p><p>Fossil occurrences date from the late Pleistocene of W Asia (Agadzhanyan, 1993; McKenna and Bell, 1997). Stachomys, which ranged widely from Germany to the Lake Baikal region du... [truncated]	
13000339	Prometheomys schaposchnikowi	Satunin 1901	SPECIES			schaposchnikowi		Prometheomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Zool. Anz. vol.24 p.572			Alpine zone of Caucasus Mtns, Georgia, and extreme NE Turkey (E Black Sea Mtns; Krytufek and Vohralík, 2001).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Cranial and dental morphology detailed by Hinton (1926a); chromosomal data summarized by Zima and Kral (1984a); karyotype in sample from NE Turkey reported by Colak et al. (1999).	Long-clawed Mole Vole
13000340	Synaptomys	Baird 1857	GENUS					Synaptomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Mammalia in Repts. U.S. Expl. Surv. vol.8 1 p.558	Synaptomys cooperi Baird, 1857.	Kentuckomys  Koenigswald and L. D. Martin; 1984; Metaxyomys Zakrzewski, 1972; Mictomys True, 1894; Praesynaptomys Kowalski, 1977.			<p>Lemmini. Many taxonomic characters associate Synaptomys with the true lemmings (Lemmus and Myopus) in a clade, usually regarded as Lemmini and believed to represent an early line of arvicoline evolution (Carleton, 1981; Chaline and Graf, 1988; Conroy and Cook, 1999; Graf, 1982; Gromov and Polyakov, 1977; Hinton, 1926a; Hooper and Hart, 1962; Koenigswald, 1980). Fossil history reviewed by Koenigswald and L. D. Martin (1984), Abramson (1993), Fejfar and Repenning (1998), Kowalski (2001), and Martin et al. (2003). The last authors segregated Synaptomys (and Mictomys as genus), together with a European fossil (Tobienia), as Synaptomyini, apart from Lemmini (Lemmus, Myopus, and Plioctomys), both groups thought to be descendants from an ancestral Mimomys stock in the early Pliocene.</p><p>Although described as a genus, Miller (1896) arranged Mictomys as a subgenus of Synaptomys, as conventionally re... [truncated]	
13000341	Synaptomys	Baird 1857	SUBGENUS				Synaptomys	Synaptomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Mammalia in Repts. U.S. Expl. Surv. vol.8 1 p.558	Synaptomys cooperi Baird, 1857.					
13000342	Mictomys	True 1894	SUBGENUS				Mictomys	Synaptomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia							
13000343	Synaptomys borealis	Richardson 1828	SPECIES			borealis	Mictomys	Synaptomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Zool. J. vol.3 p.517		andersoni  J. A. Allen, 1903; artemisiae Anderson, 1932; bullatus Preble 1902; chapmani J. A. Allen, 1903; dalli Merriam, 1896; innuitus (True, 1894); medioximus Bangs, 1900; smithi Anderson and Rand, 1943; sphagnicola Preble, 1899; truei Merriam, 1896; wrangeli Merriam, 1896.	Patchy occurrence in boreal habitats, from Alaska to N Washington, USA, eastwards across much of interior Canada to Labrador; disjunct range segment from Gaspe Peninsula, Quebec, to C New Hampshire, USA.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Mictomys. Pleistocene records establish the species in the Great Basin, far to the south of its current range (see Mead et al., 1992).	Northern Bog Lemming
13000352	Cansumys	G. M. Allen 1928	GENUS					Cansumys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	J. Mammal. vol.9 p.244	Cansumys canus G. M. Allen, 1928.				Formerly considered a synonym of Cricetulus (Corbet, 1978c; Ellerman, 1941; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951) or Tscherskia (Carleton and Musser, 1984; Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987). Ross (1988) underscored the combination of unusual pelage pattern, large body size, long hairy tail, and high-crowned (but rooted) selenodont-like molars that makes Cansumys unique among cricetines, and subsequent workers have supported its obvious generic separation from Cricetulus and Tscherskia (Corbet and Hill, 1992; Musser and Carleton, 1993; Pavlinov et al., 1995a). Zhang et al. (1997) recognized canus but retained Cansumys in Cricetulus, without explanation.	
13500138	Lepus callotis subsp. gaillardi	Mearns 1896	SUBSPECIES		gaillardi	callotis		Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13000344	Synaptomys cooperi	Baird 1857	SPECIES			cooperi	Synaptomys	Synaptomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Mammalia in Repts. U.S. Expl. Surv. vol.8 1 p.558		fatuus  Bangs, 1896; gossii (Coues, 1877); helaletes Merriam, 1896; jesseni Long, 1987; kentucki Barbour, 1956; paludis Hibbard and Rinker, 1942; relictus Jones, 1958; saturatus Bole and Moulthrop, 1942; stonei Rhoads, 1893.	Midwestern and E USA through SE Canada, including Nova Scotia and Cape Breton Isl; as far south as W North Carolina and NE Arkansas; outlying populations in SW Kansas, W Nebraska, and the Dismal Swamp region of SE Virginia-NE North Carolina.	IUCN  Extinct as S. c. paludis and S. c. relictus, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Synaptomys. Geographic diversification within the species evaluated by Wetzel (1955), who refined the subspecific arrangement. Geographic variation among populations in the C Great Plains studied by Wilson and Choate (1997), who retained subspecies defined within the region and commented upon the conservation status of the relictual races (paludis and relictus) isolated at the western margin of the species distribution; for new range reports and biogeographic discussion of populations (helaletes) at the eastern periphery of the species distribution, see Lee and Clark (1993) and Clark et al. (1993). Using landmark data, Courant et al. (1997) demonstrated stronger convergence in cranial shape between S. cooperi and surface dwelling voles like Myodes rather than its lemming relatives. See Linzey (1983, Mammalian Species, 210).	Southern Bog Lemming
13000345	Volemys	Zagorodnyuk 1990	GENUS					Volemys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Vestn. Zool. vol.2 p.28	Microtus musseri Lawrence, 1982.				<p>Arvicolini. Volemys circumscribes two species restricted to the alpine-subalpine zone in S China that may be part of an older fauna (Lawrence, 1982). Both have traditionally been placed in Microtus, although their phylogenetic relationships were regarded as obscure or equivocal (G. M. Allen, 1940; Zagorodnyuk, 1990). Corbet and Hill (1992) did not recognize Volemys, and Pavlinov et al. (1995a) arranged it as a subgenus of Microtus. In his generic description, Zagorodnyuk (1990) added two other species: Taiwanese kikuchii and clarkei from the mountains of Yunnan, N Burma, and SE Tibet. Phylogenetic analysis of cytochrome b sequences demonstrated that kikuchii is sister-species of M. oeconomus (Conroy and Cook, 2000a), within a clade embracing M. montebelli, M. middendorffii, and M. fortis, all members of Microtus, subgenus Alexandromys (see accou... [truncated]	
13000346	Volemys millicens	Thomas 1911	SPECIES			millicens		Volemys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1911 100 p.49			Known only from the type locality and SE Xizang, Tibet (Feng et al., 1986).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Detailed descriptions provided by Thomas (1911e), G. M. Allen (1940), and Ellerman (1961); Lawrence (1982) described traits that distinguish it from V. musseri. Gromov and Polyakov (1977) provisionally allocated millicens to subgenus Neodon of Microtus. Feng et al. (1986) identified ten specimens from SE Xizang (Tibet) as millicens, although their measurements average larger than those of the type series (compare Feng et al., 1986:396, with Lawrence, 1982:16). All of the Tibetan specimens are morphologically similar to V. millescens, not V. musseri, according to Darrin Lunde (pers. comm., 2004) who examined the sample at IZAS in Beijing. The locality of millicens mapped by Zhang et al. (1997) in S Yunnan needs verification; the site is more plausible for Microtus clarkei.	Sichuan Vole
13000347	Volemys musseri	Lawrence 1982	SPECIES			musseri		Volemys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.2745 p.6			Qionglai Shan, W Sichuan, 2318-3660 m.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Lawrence (1982) located the type locality of V. musseri about 35 miles southwest from that of V. millicens, the two separated by the Chehshieh Shan. The 45 examples of V. musseri were trapped in the same lines as Neodon irene and Eothenomys melanogaster (Lawrence, 1982).	Maries Vole
13000348	Cricetinae	Fischer 1817	SUBFAMILY						Cricetidae	Rodentia	Mém. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscow vol.5 p.372		Cricetini Fischer, 1817 (Cricetinorum Fischer, 1817; Cricetina Gray, 1825; Cricetinae Murray, 1866; Cricetidae Rochebrune, 1883; Criceti Winge, 1887; Cricetoidea Thaler, 1966); Ischymomyini Topachevskii, 1992.			<p>Carleton and Musser (1984) diagnosed the subfamily using morphological traits and reviewed general characters, major fossil groups, and past association with New World sigmodontines. Living hamsters form a monophyletic group bounded by unambiguously derived morphological traits. Their cladistic integrity is reinforced by phylogenetic analysis of nuclear gene sequences (Michaux and Catzeflis, 2000; Michaux et al., 2001b), which associate hamsters as a monophyletic clade within a major lineage that includes Neotominae and Arvicolinae (and Myospalacinae, but see that subfamily), apart from other muroid groups.</p><p>Corbet (1978c:88) noted that "generic divisions within the group are rather unstable and a fresh, comprehensive classification is required," a conclusion we echo after studying specimens and literature. One of these problematic divisions is Cricetulus, and Corbet (1978c:90) acknowledged that some species are frequently placed in Allocricetulus... [truncated]	
13000349	Allocricetulus	Argyropulo 1932	GENUS					Allocricetulus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Trudy Zoologich. Inst. AN SSSR vol.1 p.242 (fide Pavlinov, 2002, in litt.)	Cricetus eversmanni Brandt, 1859.				Considered valid as a subgenus of Cricetulus by Ellerman (1941, 1961) and Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951).	
13000350	Allocricetulus curtatus	G. M. Allen 1925	SPECIES			curtatus		Allocricetulus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.179 p.3			Mongolian steppes north of the Altai and in adjacent China in NW Xinjiang, N Gansu, N Ningxia (Qin, 1991), Anhui (Liu et al., 1985), and Nei Mongol; see Zhang et al. (1997, mapped as C. eversmanni).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Although some systematists have treated curtatus as a subspecies of A. eversmanni (G. M. Allen, 1940; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; Ma et al., 1987), most have continued to recognize it as a separate species (Corbet, 1978c; Corbet and Hill, 1991; Gromov and Erbajeva, 1995; Musser and Carleton, 1993; Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987, 1998; Pavlinov et al., 1995a). A fresh perspective is required to validate its specific status.	Mongolian Hamster
13000353	Cansumys canus	G. M. Allen 1928	SPECIES			canus		Cansumys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	J. Mammal. vol.9 p.245			Known only from the type locality and possibly Henan Prov., NC and EC China; limits unresolved.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Viewed either as a form of Cricetulus triton (Corbet, 1978c; Ellerman, 1941; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951) or as a valid species of Cansumys (Corbet and Hill, 1991, 1992; Musser and Carleton, 1993; Pavlinov et al., 1995a). Zhang et al. (1997) and Wang (2003) included Shaanxi Prov. within the distribution of canus (as a species of Cricetulus or Cansumys, respectively) because they regarded ningshaanensis as its subspecies; in fact, Song (1985) had described ningshaanensis from Shaanxi as a subspecies of Tscherskia triton. The tail in ningshaanensis has a longer white segment and is longer relative to head and body as compared with triton, but no other features in the original description implicate ningshaanensis as a form of canus. Cansumys canus possesses long semi-hypsodont molar rows (6.4-6.6 mm; based on the holotype and two topotypes in AMNH and FMNH), but ningsha... [truncated]	Gansu Hamster
13000354	Cricetulus	Milne-Edwards 1867	GENUS					Cricetulus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) vol.7 p.376	Cricetulus griseus Milne-Edwards, 1867 (= Mus barabensis Pallas, 1773).	Allocricetus Schaub, 1930; Cricetinus Zdansky, 1928; Moldavimus Samson and Radulesco, 1973; Urocricetus Satunin, 1903.			See comments under subfamily. Genus documented from the late Miocene of Europe and early Pliocene of Asia (McKenna and Bell, 1997).	
13000355	Cricetulus alticola	Thomas 1917	SPECIES			alticola		Cricetulus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.19 p.455			NE India in Jammu and Ladak (Agrawal, 2000), Nepal (Lim and Ross, 1992), and western part of Tibetan Plateau (Xizang) in China (Feng et al., 1986).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Conventionally recognized as a species (Corbet, 1978c; Corbet and Hill, 1991; Ellerman, 1941, 1961; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; Musser and Carleton, 1993; Pavlinov et al., 1995a), but Feng et al. (1986) considered alticola to be a subspecies of C. kamensis that occurs in W Xizang Prov. (an allocation followed by Zhang et al., 1997, and Wang, 2003).	Ladak Dwarf Hamster
13000356	Cricetulus barabensis	Pallas 1773	SPECIES			barabensis		Cricetulus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Reise Prov. Russ. Reichs. vol.2 p.704		ferrugineus Argyropulo, 1941: fumatus Thomas, 1909; furunculus (Pallas, 1779); griseus (Milne-Edwards, 1867) [not Kashkarov, 1923]; manchuricus Mori, 1930 [see Kaneko and Maeda, 2002]; mongolicus (Thomas, 1888); obscurus (Milne-Edwards, 1867); pseudogriseus Iskhakova, 1974 [nomen nudum]; pseudogriseus Orlov and Iskhakova, 1975; tuvinicus Iskhakova, 1974 [see Corbet, 1984, and Pavlinov et al., 1995a, for status of this name]; xinganensis Wang, 1980.	Steppes of S Siberia from Irtysh River to Ussuri region, south through Transbaikalia to Mongolia (Gromov and Erbajeva, 1995), NE China (Zhang et al., 1997), and Korean Peninsula (Won and Smith, 1999).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Status of griseus remains unsettled: originally described as a species (Milne-Edwards, 1867), later submerged as a subspecies of C. barabensis (G. M. Allen, 1940; Corbet, 1978c; Ellerman, 1941; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951), then reelevated as distinct (Corbet and Hill, 1991; Malygin et al., 1992; Orlov and Iskhakova, 1975; Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987; Wang, 2003). Orlov and Iskhakova (1975) had specifically separated griseus (2n = 22, FN = 38) from C. barabensis (2n = 20, FN = 38) and described the closely related C. pseudogriseus (2n = 24, FN = 38) based only on chromosomal traits. Kral et al. (1984) had difficulty in karyotypically characterizing the three because of the extensive homology among chromosomal arms and questioned their distinctiveness. Corbet (1978c) also discussed the problem and included pseudogriseus and griseus in C. barabensis, as did Pavlinov et al. (1995a</... [truncated]	Striped Dwarf Hamster
13000357	Cricetulus kamensis	Satunin 1903	SPECIES			kamensis		Cricetulus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Zool. Mus. St. Petersbourg vol.7 p.574		kozlovi  Satunin, 1903; lama Bonhote, 1905; tibetanus Thomas, 1922.	China, Tibetan Plateau (SE Xinjiang, Xizang, and adjacent parts of Qinghai and Gansu; Zhang et al., 1997).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Some workers would include alticola as a subspecies (Feng et al., 1986; Wang, 2003; Zhang et al., 1997; see account of C. alticola). G. M. Allen (1940) treated kozlovi as a synonym of C. barabensis, and lama was listed as a species by Ellerman (1941) and Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951). See Wang and Zheng (1973) for the association of kozlovi, lama, and tibetanus as subjective synonyms of C. kamensis.	Tibetan Dwarf Hamster
13000358	Cricetulus longicaudatus	Milne-Edwards 1867	SPECIES			longicaudatus		Cricetulus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Rech. Hist. Nat. Mammifères p.13		andersoni  Thomas, 1908; chiumalaiensis Wang and Cheng, 1973; dichrootis Satunin, 1902; griseiventris (Satunin, 1903) [not Thomas, 1917]; kozhantschikovi Vinogradov, 1927; nigrescens G. M. Allen, 1925.	Altai and Tuva regions of Russia and Kazakhstan (Gromov and Erbajeva, 1995), NW China (Xinjiang), Mongolia, and adjacent Chinese regions in Nei Mongol, Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin, Henan, N Shanxi, Ningxia, N Sichuan, and N Xizang (Tibet); see Feng et al. (1986), Qin (1991), Corbet and Hill (1992), Wang (2003), and Zhang et al. (1997).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	G. M. Allen (1940) listed dichrootis as a synonym of C. barabensis, but Corbet (1978c) included it in C. longicaudatus. Revised by Wang and Zheng (1973).	Long-tailed Dwarf Hamster
13000366	Mesocricetus newtoni	Nehring 1898	SPECIES			newtoni		Mesocricetus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Zool. Anz. vol.21 p.329			Restricted to right side of Danube River in SE Romania and N Bulgaria.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Systematic summaries and comparisons with other species are provided by Niethammer (1982c) and Mitchell-Jones et al. (1999); 2n = 38 (Raicu and Bratosin, 1965). Hosey (1982) postulated origin of this species around 20,000-10,000 years before present, resulting from dispersion of Near East Mesocricetus across a Bosphorus land bridge and subsequent isolation due to post-Pleistocene sea level increase.	Romanian Hamster
13500015	Ochotona cansus subsp. morosa	Thomas 1912	SUBSPECIES		morosa	cansus	Ochotona	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha							
13000359	Cricetulus migratorius	Pallas 1773	SPECIES			migratorius		Cricetulus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Reise Prov. Russ. Reichs. vol.2 p.703		accedula  (Pallas, 1779); arenarius (Pallas, 1773); atticus Nehring, 1902; bellicosus Scharleman, 1915; caesius Kashkarov, 1923; cinerascens (Wagner, 1848); cinereus Kashkarov, 1926; coerulescens (Severtzov, 1879); elisarjewi Afanasiev, 1953; falzfeini Matschie, 1918; fulvus (Blanford, 1875); griseiventris (Thomas, 1917) [not Satunin, 1902]; griseus (Kashkarov, 1923) [not Milne-Edwards, 1867]; isabellinus (de Filippi, 1865); murinus (Severtzov, 1876); myosurus Argyropulo, 1932 [nomen nudum]; neglectus Ognev, 1916; ognevi Argyropulo, 1932 [nomen nudum]; ognevi Argyropulo, 1941; pamirensis Ognev, 1923 [nomen nudum]; phaeus (Pallas, 1779); pulcher Ognev, 1924; sviridenkoi Pidoplitschka, 1928 [nomen nudum]; tauricus Satunin, 1908 [nomen nudum]; vernula Thomas, 1917; zvierezombi Pidoplitschka, 1928. (See Zagordnyuk, 1992b, for comments regarding scientific names applied to Ukranian samples).	SE Greece, NW Romania, SE Bulgaria, and S European Russia (Mitchell-Jones et al., 1999); eastwards through Kazakhstan to S Mongolia and N China (Xinjiang, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Gansu, and Qinghai; Qin, 1991; Wang, 2003; Zhang et al., 1997); southwards through Turkey (Krytufek and Vohralík, 2001; Osborn, 1965; Pamukoglu and Albayrak, 1996) and Transcaucasia to Israel (Mendelssohn and Yom-Tov, 1999; Qumsiyeh, 1996), Jordan, Lebanon, Iraq, Iran (Lay, 1967), Afghanistan (Hassinger, 1973), Pakistan (Roberts, 1977), and N India (Jammu and Kashmir; Agrawal, 2000).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Major compendia summarize the systematic biology of the species in Europe and Russia (Gromov and Erbajeva, 1995; Mitchell-Jones et al., 1999; Niethammer, 1982d). Allozymic variation between isabellinus from Kopet Dag Mtns and bellicosus from Ukranian steppes discussed by Mezhzherin (2001b). Cricetulus migratorius has occurred in the southern Levant since 80,000-70,000 years before present and apparently replaced two fossil species (recorded as Allocricetus), C. magnus (70,000-60,000 years before present) and C. jesreelicus (not recorded later than 120,000 years before present) (Tchernov, 1992, 1994, and cited references). See Zagordnyuk (1992b), for comments regarding scientific names applied to Ukranian samples.	Gray Dwarf Hamster
13000360	Cricetulus sokolovi	Orlov and Malygin 1988	SPECIES			sokolovi		Cricetulus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Zool. Zh. vol.67 p.305			W and S Mongolia, C Nei Mongol of N China.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	A species well defined by chromosomal and pelage traits (Malyguin et al., 1992; Orlov and Malygin, 1988). Samples from Mongolia had been identified as C. obscurus (Kral et al., 1984, and references therein; Orlov and Malygin, 1988); true obscurus is a form of C. barabensis.	Sokolovs Dwarf Hamster
13000361	Cricetus	Leske 1779	GENUS					Cricetus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Anfansgr. Naturg. vol.1 p.168	Mus cricetus Linnaeus, 1758.	Hamster  Lacepède, 1799; Heliomys Gray, 1873.			Only one living species, but others are represented by fossils in an evolutionary radiation that dates from the middle Miocene of N Africa and late Miocene of Europe (McKenna and Bell, 1997).	
13000362	Cricetus cricetus	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			cricetus		Cricetus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.60		albus  Fitzinger, 1867; babylonicus Nehring, 1903; canescens Nehring, 1899; frumentarius Pallas, 1811; fulvus (Bechstein, 1801); fuscidorsis Argyropulo, 1932 [nomen nudum]; fuscidorsis Argyropulo, 1936; germanicus (Kerr, 1792); jeudii (Gray, 1873); latycranius Ognev, 1923; nehringi Matschie, 1901; niger Fitzinger, 1867; niger Bogdanov, 1871 [nomen nudum]; niger (Simroth, 1906); nigricans (Lacépède, 1799) [not Brandt, 1832]; polychroma Krulikovski, 1916; rufescens Nehring, 1899; stavropolicus Satunin, 1907; tauricus Ognev, 1924; tomensis Ognev, 1924; varius Fitzinger, 1867; vulgaris Geoffroy, 1803 [see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951:629].	Belgium across C Europe, W Siberia, and N Kazakhstan to the upper Yenesei and Altai region and NW China (NW Xinjiang; Wang, 2003; Zhang et al., 1997); see Mitchell-Jones et al. (1999) for former European range.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Mitchell-Jones et al. (1999) recounted the drastic reduction in W Europe due to persecution and hunting. Other regional taxonomic synopses and chronicles of the species decline are available for the Netherlands (Lenders and Pelzers, 1982; Pelzers and Lenders, 1992), Sumava Mtns of SW Bohemia (And&#277;ra and &#268;ervený, 1994), Northrhine-Westphalia in Germany (Hutterer and Geiger-Roswora, 1997), Slovakia (Moanský, 1994; Stanko and Moanský, 2000), Slovenia (Krytufek, 1991), Serbia and Montenegro (Petrov, 1992), and Czech Republic (maha, 1996). Morphological variability among European samples evaluated by Grulich (1987a, b, 1991, and references therein). Recent reports emphasize conservation status and reintroduction attempts for various European countries (Godmann and Kasabi, 2001; Hellwig, 2001; Jordan, 2001; Losinger, 2001; Mercelis, 2001; Schreiber, 2001; Ulbrich and Kayser, 2001). Once present in the British Isles during the Pleistocene (Kowalski, 1967; Yalden, 1999). ... [truncated]	Common Hamster
13000363	Mesocricetus	Nehring 1898	GENUS					Mesocricetus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Zool. Anz. vol.21 p.49	Cricetus nigricans Brandt, 1832 (= Cricetus raddei Nehring, 1894).	Mediocricetus  Nehring, 1898 [nomen nudum]; Semicricetus Nehring, 1898 [nomen nudum; see Pavlinov et al., 1995a].			Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) recognized one extant species with six subspecies. Morphological and karyological differences, however, led Hamer and Schutowa (1965) to recognize four genetically isolated species (auratus, brandti, newtoni, and raddei). Popular checklists have recognized either three living species (Corbet, 1978c; Corbet and Hill, 1991) or four living and one recently extinct (Musser and Carleton, 1993; Pavlinov et al., 1995a). Pieper (1984) described M. rathgeberi based on Holocene fossils from the Greek island of Armathia (off coast of Kasos Isl between Kriti and Rodhos). Known from the late Pliocene of Asia and late Pleistocene of Europe (Kowalski, 2001; McKenna and Bell, 1997).	
13000364	Mesocricetus auratus	Waterhouse 1839	SPECIES			auratus		Mesocricetus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1839 p.57			Vicinity of type locality and SE Turkey.	IUCN  Endangered.	Lyman and OBrien (1977) discussed the geographic range of auratus and evidence for segregating it from M. brandti; also see Krytufek and Vohralík (2001). Based upon chromosomal data, Do&#287;ramaci et al. (1994b) recorded M. auratus from SE Turkey, and Yi&#287;it et al. (2000b) later identified only one sample from 10 km E Kilis Prov., SE Turkey, after intensive survey efforts. They recorded M. brandti from throughout Turkey and contrasted its morphology and chromosomes (2n = 42, FN = 82 and 84) with those of M. auratus (2n = 44, FN = 82). Adler (1948) and Murphy (1985) recorded the origin of the laboratory stocks of M. auratus and history of their distributions to various laboratories in France, India, and the United States. Coronary arteries are described by Sans-Coma et al. (1993) and infraorbital glands by Kühnel (1983).	Golden Hamster
13000365	Mesocricetus brandti	Nehring 1898	SPECIES			brandti		Mesocricetus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Zool. Anz. vol.21 p.331		koenigi  Nehring, 1898.	Anatolian Turkey and Black Sea Mtns in N Turkey, east into the Caucasus (Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan; Gromov and Erbajeva, 1995), and south to NW Iran (Lay, 1967), N Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, and N Israel (Qumsiyeh, 1996, as auratus).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Corbet (1978c) reservedly included brandti in M. auratus, following the traditional view (Ellerman, 1941; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951). Hamer and Schutowa (1965) earlier established the specific integrity of M. brandti and Lyman and OBrien (1977) exhaustively revised the species; additional chromosomal data provided by Fang and Jagiello (1992). Population and range in C Anatolian Turkey documented by Spitzenberger (1972) and summarized by Krytufek and Vohralík (2001). Yi&#287;it et al. (2000b) broadly inventoried M. brandti in Turkey and contrasted its morphology and karyotype with those of M. auratus in SE Turkey (see above account).	Brandts Hamster
13000760	Oecomys roberti	Thomas 1903 "1904"	SPECIES			roberti		Oecomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1903 2 p.237		guianae  Thomas, 1910; tapajinus Thomas, 1909.	S Venezuela, Guianas, and Amazonian region of W Brazil, E Perú, and extreme N Bolivia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Roberts Oecomys
13000370	Phodopus roborovskii	Satunin 1903	SPECIES			roborovskii		Phodopus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Zool. Mus. St. Petersbourg vol.7 p.571		bedfordiae  (Thomas, 1908); praedilectus Mori, 1930 [see Kaneko and Maeda, 2002]; przewalskii Vorontsov and Kriukova, 1969.	Tuva (Russia) and E Kazakhstan; W and S Mongolia; adjacent regions of China from NW Xinjiang east through N Gansu, N Qinghai, Ningxia, N Shaanxi, N Shanxi, and Nei Mongolia to Liaoning and Jilin (Ma et al., 1987; Qin, 1991; Wang, 2003; Zhang et al., 1997).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	The status of przewalskii is discussed by Corbet (1978c) and Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987). G. M. Allen (1940) treated bedfordiae as a separate species, but most have included it in P. roborovskii (Corbet, 1978c; Ellerman, 1941; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; Musser and Carleton, 1993; Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987; Pavlinov et al., 1995a).	Roborovskis Desert Hamster
13000371	Phodopus sungorus	Pallas 1773	SPECIES			sungorus		Phodopus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Reise Prov. Russ. Reichs. vol.2 p.703			E Kazakhstan and SW Siberia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Safronova et al. (1992) referenced chromosomal data to justify the separation of campbelli from P. sungorus.	Striped Desert Hamster
13000372	Tscherskia	Ognev 1914	GENUS					Tscherskia	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Moskva Dnev. Zool. otd. obsc. liub. jest. vol.2 p.102	Tscherskia albipes Ognev, 1914 (= Cricetulus triton de Winton, 1899).	Asiocricetus  Kishida, 1929.			Although many have included Tscherskia in Cricetulus (G. M. Allen, 1940; Corbet, 1978c; Corbet and Hill, 1992; Ellerman, 1941; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; Zhang et al., 1997), its distinctive morphology suggests distant relationship to the dwarf hamsters and generic segregation (Carleton and Musser, 1984; Gromov and Erbajeva, 1995; Musser and Carleton, 1993; Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987; Pavlinov et al., 1995a). Oldest records date to Late Pliocene of Europe (McKenna and Bell, 1997).	
13000373	Tscherskia triton	de Winton 1899	SPECIES			triton		Tscherskia	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1899 p.575		albipes  Ognev, 1914; arenosus (Mori, 1939) [see Kaneko and Maeda, 2002]; bampensis (Kishida, 1929) [see Kaneko and Maeda, 2002]; collinus (G. M. Allen, 1925); fuscipes (G. M. Allen, 1925); incanus (Thomas, 1908); meihsienensis (Ho, 1935); nestor (Thomas, 1907); ningshaanensis Song, 1985; yamashinai (Kishida, 1929) [see Kaneko and Maeda, 2002].	Upper Ussuri, Russia; NE China from Heilongjiang and Nei Mongol southeast through Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Shandong, Henan, and Anhui (Liu et al., 1985) and west through Shanxi to Shaanxi (north and south of Qinling Mtns) (Wang, 2003; Zhang et al., 1997); also Korean Peninsula (Won and Smith, 1999).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	G. M. Allen (1940) thoroughly redescribed the species, but whether one or more species are represented among the named forms remains to be resolved. Two sibling chromosomal species have been recognized (albipes and triton) but soon after refuted based on additional chromosomal data (see Corbet, 1984, and references therein). Song (1985) proposed ningshaanensis for a sample of T. triton from Shaanxi, but Wang (2003) and Zhang et al. (1997) listed it as a subspecies of Cansumys canus (see that account). Karyotypes and B chromosomes from several Chinese samples described by Wang et al (1999). A related fossil species, T. rusa, has been described from Holocene material in NW Iran (Storch, 1974), far outside the range of extant Tscherskia.	Greater Long-tailed Hamster
13000374	Lophiomyinae	Milne Edwards 1867	SUBFAMILY						Cricetidae	Rodentia	Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.Memoires C III p.81-116		Lophiomides Milne Edwards, 1867 (Lophiomyidae Gill, 1872; Lophiomyoidea Gill, 1872; Lophiomyinae Thomas, 1896).			<p>See Carleton and Musser (1984) for diagnosis, general characterisitics, habits, and habitat. The unique morphological adaptations of Lophiomys have always been recognized at either the family or subfamily level. Past estimates of phylogenetic relationships, or rather uncertainty, were expressed by arranging Lophiomys in its own family (Alston, 1876; Ellerman, 1941; Gill, 1872; Reig, 1981; Tullberg, 1899) or in a subfamily of either Muridae (Carleton and Musser, 1984; Musser and Carleton, 1993; Thomas, 1896; Weber, 1904; Winge, 1924), Cricetidae (G. M. Allen, 1939; Chaline et al., 1977; Corbet, 1978c; Miller and Gidley, 1918; Simpson, 1945), or Nesomyidae (Lavocat, 1973).</p><p>Lavocat (1973) regarded Lophiomys as a possible derivative from the Miocene Afrocricetodontinae. Wahlert (1984) postulated a close phylogenetic alliance, based upon dental morphology, between Lophiomys and Cricetops dormitor from the early Oligocene of Mo... [truncated]	
13000375	Lophiomys	Milne-Edwards 1867	GENUS					Lophiomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	LInstitut, Paris vol.35 p.46	Lophiomys imhausii Milne-Edwards, 1867.	Phractomys  Peters, 1867; Phragmomys Peters, 1867.			Closest relatives are the fossil taxa noted in subfamily account.	
13000386	Habromys lophurus	Osgood 1904	SPECIES			lophurus		Habromys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.17 p.72			Highlands, 1950-3110 m, of Chiapas, México, C Guatemala, and NW El Salvador.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Although Robertson and Musser (1976) noted much diversity among their samples of H. lophurus, Carleton et al. (2002) interpreted their range of variation as consonant with recognition of a single species.	Crested-tailed Deermouse
13000387	Habromys simulatus	Osgood 1904	SPECIES			simulatus		Habromys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.17 p.72			Eastern middle slopes of Sierra Madre Oriental, 1830-2200 m, from S Hidalgo and C Veracruz to extreme NW Oaxaca, México.	IUCN  Endangered.	Distribution summarized by Carleton et al. (2002) but enhancement of range limits needed. For example, the status of the form reported as Peromyscus affinity simulatus from the Sierra de Taxco, N Guerrero (León Paniagua and Romo Vázquez, 1993), needs clarification; the presence of H. simulatus proper in the Cordillera Transvolcanica seems zoogeographically implausible.	Jico Deermouse
13400264	Dasyprocta ruatanica	Thomas 1901	SPECIES			ruatanica		Dasyprocta	Dasyproctidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.8 p.272			Endemic to Roatán Isl.	IUCN  Endangered.	Similar to D. punctata but much smaller.	Roatán Island Agouti
13000376	Lophiomys imhausi	Milne-Edwards 1867	SPECIES			imhausi		Lophiomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	LInstitut, Paris vol.35 p.46		aethiopicus  (Peters, 1867); bozasi Oustalet, 1902; hindei Thomas, 1910; ibeanus Thomas, 1910; smithi Rhoads, 1896; testudo Thomas, 1905; thomasi Heller, 1912.	E Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Djibouti, Somalia, Kenya, NE Uganda, and W Tanzania (Kock and Künzel, 1999); sea level to 3300 m in Ethiopia (Yalden et al., 1976), in lowland forests in Djibouti (Pearch et al., 2001), but apparently restricted to mountain forest in Kenya and Uganda (Delany, 1975; Clausnitzer and Kityo, 2001; Hollister, 1919).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Thomas (1910c) recognized four species of Lophiomys, but Ellerman (1940:636) noted that "Thomas evidently came to the conclusion that all the East African species were one, as there is a note in his tracts to this effect. I am inclined to go further and think that until more material comes to hand all forms must be treated as races of the earliest name imhausi." G. M. Allen (1939:315) independently noted that "All the recognizable forms are doubtless races of L. imhausi." Ellermans view prevails today and has yet to be tested by careful taxonomic revision. Distribution in the isolated Harenna Forest, S Ethiopia, documented by Lavrenchenko (2000); range and habitat in Djibouti reported by Pearch et al. (2001); Kock and Künzel (1999) included a detailed map and list of all collection localities covering known range of the species, which is disjunct. No records exist in the Danakil Desert between Djibouti-Sudan and Ethiopia, or in the expansive arid r... [truncated]	Maned Rat
13000377	Neotominae	Merriam 1894	SUBFAMILY						Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Philadelphia Acad. Sci vol.1894 p.228		Baiomyini new tribe (see Baiomys  account); Neotominae Merriam 1894 (Neotomini Vorontsov, 1959); Ochrotomyini new tribe (see Ochrotomys account); Onychomyini Vorontsov, 1959; Peromyscini Hershkovitz, 1966b; Reithrodontomyini Vorontsov, 1959.			<p>Merriams (1894) definition of the subfamily included North American woodrats and certain South American fossils with high-crowned molars (Ptyssophorus and Tretomys, now considered synonyms of Reithrodon by Pardiñas, 2000a). Usage as a formal subfamily was observed (e.g., Miller and Rehn, 1901; Miller, 1912b) until Miller and Gidley (1918) considered the genera to be members of a diverse Cricetinae, as did Ellerman (1940) and Simpson (1945). A broadened family-group concept reemerged in an informal way as the "neotomine-peromyscines" (Hooper, 1960; Hooper and Musser, 1964a; Carleton, 1980) and was eventually nomenclaturally recognized as distinct from sigmodontines, whether as a tribe (Hershkovitz, 1966b, as Peromyscini) or subfamily (Reig, 1980, 1981, as Neotominae). Phylogenetic diagnosis and cladistic demonstration of neotomine monophyly remain ambiguous based on taxonomically broad surveys of morphological traits (Carleton, 1973, ... [truncated]	
13000378	Baiomys	True 1893 "1894"	GENUS					Baiomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus. vol.16 p.758	Hesperomys taylori Thomas, 1887.				<p>Baiomyini new tribe. Type genusBaiomys True, 1894. Definitionsmall terrestrial muroid rodents with tail shorter than head-and-body (Hooper, 1972; Osgood, 1909; Packard, 1960); hindfoot narrow with digits I and V short relative to II-IV, plantar pads 1 and 4 proximally positioned compared with 2-3 (Carleton, 1980; Osgood, 1909); cranium small but stoutly built, rostrum short, interorbit and braincase lacking ridges; interparietal compressed, wedge-shaped, not contacting squamosal; carotid circulation derived (character state 3 per Carleton, 1980); tegmen tympani adnate to squamosal (Voss, 1993), alisphenoid strut present; M3 cylindrical, less than ½ size of M2; vertebral column with 13 thoracic and 6 lumbar vertebrae, 1<sup>st</sup> rib articulating 7<sup>th</sup> cervical and 1<sup>st</sup> thoracic, humerus lacking entepicondylar foramen (Carleton, 1980); trochlear process of calcaneum distal (Carleton, 1980); two complete and five incomplete transverse palatal ridges (Car... [truncated]	
13000379	Baiomys musculus	Merriam 1892	SPECIES			musculus		Baiomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.7 p.170		brunneus  (J. A. Allen and Chapman, 1897); grisescens Goldman, 1932; handleyi Packard, 1958; infernatis Hooper, 1952; nebulosus Goodwin, 1959; nigrescens (Osgood, 1904); pallidus Russell, 1952; pullus Packard, 1958.	SW Nayarit and C Veracruz, México, to NW Nicaragua, excluding Yucatán Peninsula and Caribbean tropical lowlands.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	See Packard and Montgomery (1978, Mammalian Species, 102).	Southern Pygmy Mouse
13000380	Baiomys taylori	Thomas 1887	SPECIES			taylori		Baiomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5 vol.19 p.66		allex  (Osgood, 1904); analogus (Osgood, 1909); ater Blossom and Burt, 1942; canutus Packard, 1960; fuliginatus Packard, 1960; paulus (J. A. Allen, 1903); subater (Bailey, 1905).	SE Arizona and SW New Mexico (see Stuart and Scott, 1992), SW Oklahoma (see Tumlison et al., 1993), and E Texas (see Roberts et al., 1997), USA, south to Michoacán, C Hidalgo, and C Veracruz, México.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Range expanding northwardly and westwardly in Texas and Oklahoma as documented by recent collections (L. Choate et al., 1990; L. Choate and Jones, 1998; Roberts et al., 1997; Tumlison et al., 1993). See Eshelman and Cameron (1987, Mammalian Species, 285).	Northern Pygmy Mouse
13000381	Habromys	Hooper and Musser 1964	GENUS					Habromys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan vol.635 p.12	Peromyscus lepturus Merriam, 1898.				Reithrodontomyini. Genus circumscribes species originally placed with the Peromyscus mexicanus complex, subgenus Peromyscus (Osgood, 1909). Hooper and Musser (1964b) acknowledged their distinctive morphology as the subgenus Habromys of Peromyscus (and Hooper, 1968), a clade that Carleton (1980, 1989) viewed at the generic level. Systematic evidence weakly supports common ancestry of Habromys with Neotomodon and/or Podomys (Carleton, 1980; Hooper and Musser, 1964b; Stangl and Baker, 1984b). Male reproductive tract examined by Hooper (1958), Hooper and Musser (1964b), and Linzey and Layne (1969, 1974). Species definitions revised and vouchered distributions summarized by Carleton et al. (2002).	
13000933	Thalpomys lasiotis	Thomas 1916	SPECIES			lasiotis		Thalpomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.18 p.339		reinhardti  (Langguth, 1975).	Cerrado of C Brazil.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	For synonymy of the unnecessary replacement name Akodon reinhardti, see Hershkovitz (1990a).	Hairy-eared Akodont
13000394	Megadontomys cryophilus	Musser 1964	SPECIES			cryophilus		Megadontomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan vol.636 p.13			Cloud and pine-oak forests in highlands of N Oaxaca, México.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Named as a subspecies of Peromyscus thomasi. Citing morphological traits and genetic differentiation reported by Werbitsky and Kilpatrick (1987), Carleton (1989) arranged cryophilus as a species. Recent elevational surveys by Briones-Salas et al. (2001) in the Sierra Mazteza and Sánchez-Cordero (2001) in the Sierra Mixteca amplify the geographic occurrence of this species in Oaxaca.	Oaxacan Big-toothed Deermouse
13000395	Megadontomys nelsoni	Merriam 1898	SPECIES			nelsoni		Megadontomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.12 p.116			E slopes of Sierra Madre Oriental, from SE Hidalgo to C Veracruz, México.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Relegated to a subspecies of Peromyscus thomasi by Musser (1964); reinstated to species rank by Carleton (1989).	Nelsons Big-toothed Deermouse
13000396	Megadontomys thomasi	Merriam 1898	SPECIES			thomasi		Megadontomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.12 p.116			High Sierra Madre del Sur of Guerrero, México.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Formerly encompassed cryophilus and nelsoni as subspecies (Musser, 1964); see above accounts.	Thomas Big-toothed Deermouse
13000397	Nelsonia	Merriam 1897	GENUS					Nelsonia	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.11 p.277	Nelsonia neotomodon Merriam, 1897.				Neotomini. Viewed as a basal member of clade including Neotoma and related genera (Carleton, 1980; Engel et al., 1998; Hooper, 1954, 1960). Phylogenetic significance of banded karyotype discussed by Engstrom and Bickham (1983). Revised initially by Hooper (1954), who recognized a single species, and later by Engstrom et al. (1992), who resurrected N. goldmani as distinct from N. neotomodon.	
13000398	Nelsonia goldmani	Merriam 1903	SPECIES			goldmani		Nelsonia	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.16 p.80		cliftoni  Genoways and Jones, 1968.	Cordillera Transvolcanica, México, from Colima and S Jalisco eastwards through N Michoacán to N Estado de México.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Engstrom et al. (1992) retained cliftoni as a valid subspecies.	Goldmans Diminutive Woodrat
13000399	Nelsonia neotomodon	Merriam 1897	SPECIES			neotomodon		Nelsonia	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.11 p.278			Sierra Madre Occidental from S Durango to N Jalisco and Aguascalientes, México.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Western Diminutive Woodrat
13000400	Neotoma	Say and Ord 1825	GENUS					Neotoma	Cricetidae	Rodentia	J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.4 p.345	Mus floridana Ord, 1818.	Homodontomys  Goldman, 1910; Parahodomys Gidley and Gazin, 1933; Parneotoma Hibbard, 1967; Teanopus Merriam, 1903; Teonoma Gray, 1843.			<p>Neotomini. Phylogenetic relationships of the genus considered by Hooper and Musser (1964a), Carleton (1980), and Edwards and Bradley (2002b). Anatomical systems described by Arata (1964), Burt and Barkalow (1942), Carleton (1973, 1980), Hooper (1960), and Howell (1926); fossil taxa (Miocene-Recent) and trends in dental evolution reviewed by Zakrewski (1993). Karyotypic variation and evolution assessed by Mascarello and Hsu (1976) and Koop et al. (1985); multispecific surveys of molecular variation and its systematic implications covered by Planz et al. (1996), Edwards and Bradley (2001, 2002a, b), and Edwards et al. (2001), especially for temperate forms.</p><p>Revised by Goldman (1910), then including only Homodontomys, Teonoma, and the nominate subgenus. Burt and Barkalow (1942) established the prevailing subgeneric framework (e.g., Hall, 1981), also relegating Hodomys and Teanopus to subgenera. Carleton (1973, 1980) reinstat... [truncated]	
13000401	Neotoma	Say and Ord 1825	SUBGENUS				Neotoma	Neotoma	Cricetidae	Rodentia	J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.4 p.345	Mus floridana Ord, 1818.					
13000402	Teonoma	Gray 1843	SUBGENUS				Teonoma	Neotoma	Cricetidae	Rodentia							
13000403	Teanopus	Merriam 1903	SUBGENUS				Teanopus	Neotoma	Cricetidae	Rodentia							
13000414	Neotoma goldmani	Merriam 1903	SPECIES			goldmani	Neotoma	Neotoma	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.16 p.48			Mexican Plateau, 1160-2320 m, from SE Chihuahua to S San Luis Potosí and N Querétaro, México.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Neotoma, floridana species group (sensu Edwards and Bradley, 2002b). Chomosomal formula viewed as primitive for the genus (Harris and McCullough, 1988; Lee and Elder, 1977). Species group affinity variously interpreted, associated with N. lepida (Goldman, 1910) or N. albigula (Rainey and Baker, 1955); cytochrome b evaluations decidedly relate N. goldmani to the N. albigula N. floridana clade (Edwards et al., 2001; Edwards and Bradley, 2002b). See Hrachovy et al. (1996, Mammalian Species, 545).	Goldmans Woodrat
13500161	Lepus europaeus subsp. cyprius	Barrett-Hamilton 1903	SUBSPECIES		cyprius	europaeus	Eulagos	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13000512	Reithrodontomys raviventris	Dixon 1908	SPECIES			raviventris	Reithrodontomys	Reithrodontomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.21 p.197		halicoetes  Dixon, 1909.	Salt marshes around San Francisco Bay, California, USA.	U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Endangered as R. r. raviventris, Lower Risk (cd) as R. r. halicoetes.	Subgenus Reithrodontomys, megalotis species group. Morphological and chromosomal differentiation between the subspecies raviventris and halicoetes thought to represent terminal stages of speciation (Fisler, 1965; Shellhammer, 1967). Chromosomal banding, allozymic, and DNA data reveal sister-group relationship to R. montanus (Bell et al., 2001; Hood et al., 1984; Nelson et al., 1984). See Shellhammer (1982, Mammalian Species, 169).	Salt-marsh Harvest Mouse
13000421	Neotoma micropus	Baird 1855	SPECIES			micropus	Neotoma	Neotoma	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.7 p.333		canescens  J. A. Allen, 1891; leucophaea Goldman, 1933; littoralis Goldman, 1905; planiceps Goldman, 1905; surberi Elliot, 1899.	SE Colorado and SW Kansas through W Texas and most of New Mexico, USA; south in México to N Chihuahua, E San Luis Potosí, and S Tamaulipas.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Neotoma, micropus species group (sensu Edwards and Bradley, 2002b). Limited hybridization documented with N. floridana in Oklahoma (Birney, 1973) and believed probable with N. leucodon (reported as N. albigula) in Colorado (Finley, 1958) and Coahuila (Anderson, 1969); also see commentary under N. albigula, N. floridana, and N. leucodon. Genetically distinct from but generally related to the N. albigula complex (sensu Planz et al., 1996), in particular N. leucodon (micropus species group sensu Edwards et al., 2001). See Braun and Mares (1989, Mammalian Species, 330).	Southern Plains Woodrat
13000404	Neotoma albigula	Hartley 1894	SPECIES			albigula	Neotoma	Neotoma	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. California Acad. Sci., Ser. 2 vol.4 p.157		angusticeps  Merriam, 1894; brevicauda Durrant 1934; cumulator Mearns, 1897; grandis Elliot, 1904; laplataensis F. W. Miller, 1933; mearnsi Goldman, 1915; melanura Merriam, 1894; seri Townsend, 1912; sheldoni Goldman, 1915; varia Burt, 1932; venusta True, 1894.	SW Colorado and W New Mexico west of the Río Grande to SE California, USA, south to N Sinaloa and S Chihuahua west of the Río Conchos, México, including islands in the Sea of Cortez (see Edwards, et al. 2001:Fig. 4).	IUCN  Endangered as N. varia, Lower Risk (lc) as N. albigula.	<p>Subgenus Neotoma, floridana species group (sensu Edwards and Bradley, 2002b). Closely related to N. floridana and N. micropus (Birney, 1976; Hooper, 1960; Planz et al., 1996), the three considered semispecies by Zimmerman and Nejtek (1977). Formerly included populations recognized as N. leucodon (see below) based on DNA restriction-site (Planz et al., 1996) and gene-sequence (Edwards et al., 2001) investigations. Patterns of conventional morphometric variation (Rogers and Schmidly, 1981), however, do not intelligibly correspond to the specific limits as drawn by Edwards et al. (2001); denser geographic sampling across the river barriers identified by those authors is warranted to bolster evidence for specific separation and to refine distributional limits. Sister species to the N. floridana N. magister clade based on parsimony and likelihood distillations of cytochrome b sequence... [truncated]	White-throated Woodrat
13000405	Neotoma angustapalata	Baker 1951	SPECIES			angustapalata	Neotoma	Neotoma	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist. Misc. Publ. vol.5 p.217			SW Tamaulipas and adjacent San Luis Potosí, México.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Neotoma, mexicana species group (sensu Edwards and Bradley, 2002b). Specific status maintained by Birney (1973) but level of relationship to N. mexicana or to N. micropus unclear.	Tamaulipan Woodrat
13000406	Neotoma anthonyi	J. A. Allen 1898	SPECIES			anthonyi	Neotoma	Neotoma	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.10 p.151			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN  Endangered.	Subgenus Neotoma, lepida species group (sensu Edwards and Bradley, 2002b). Listed as nominal species of N. lepida group by Goldman (1932); also see Mascarello (1978). Not collected since 1910; judged "extinct or very close to extinction" by Mellink (1992:139) probably due to the introduction of domestic cats. See Cortés-Calva et al. (2001, Mammalian Species, 663).	Anthonys Woodrat
13000407	Neotoma bryanti	Merriam 1887	SPECIES			bryanti	Neotoma	Neotoma	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Am. Nat. vol.21 p.191			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN  Endangered.	Subgenus Neotoma, lepida species group (sensu Edwards and Bradley, 2002b). Listed as nominal species of N. lepida group by Goldman (1932); also see Mascarello (1978). Genetically unremarkable compared with samples of N. lepida from Baja California and may represent the oldest name available for those populations from deserts of coastal California and the Baja peninsula (see Patton and Alvarez-Castañeda, In Press, and remarks under N. lepida). See Alvarez-Castañeda and Yensen (1999, Mammalian Species, 619).	Bryants Woodrat
13000408	Neotoma bunkeri	Burt 1932	SPECIES			bunkeri	Neotoma	Neotoma	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. vol.7 p.181			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN  Endangered.	Subgenus Neotoma, lepida species group (sensu Edwards and Bradley, 2002b). Likely conspecific with N. lepida according to Mascarello (1978). Not collected since 1932; judged "extinct for years or even decades" by Smith et al. (1993:152), probably due to a combination of habitat destruction and domestic cat predation (also see Alvarez-Castañeda and Ortega-Rubio, 2003).	Coronados Island Woodrat
13000409	Neotoma chrysomelas	J. A. Allen 1908	SPECIES			chrysomelas	Neotoma	Neotoma	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.24 p.653			NW Nicaragua, Honduras.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Neotoma, mexicana species group (sensu Edwards and Bradley, 2002b). Hall (1981) suggested that chrysomelas is conspecific with N. mexicana, a proposal that should be considered apropos of a much needed revision of the latter.	Nicaraguan Woodrat
13000520	Scotinomys xerampelinus	Bangs 1902	SPECIES			xerampelinus		Scotinomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. vol.39 p.41		harrisi  Goodwin, 1945; longipilosus Goodwin, 1945.	High elevations in Cordilleras Central and Talamancae of Costa Rica to Volcán Chiriquí region in W Panamá.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Hooper (1972) synonymized harrisi and longipilosus, forms described as species, under S. xerampelinus and deemed the intraspecific variation as insufficient to retain subspecies.	Long-tailed Singing Mouse
13000410	Neotoma cinerea	Ord 1815	SPECIES			cinerea	Teonoma	Neotoma	Cricetidae	Rodentia	In Guthrie, New Geogr., Hist., Comml., Grammar, Philadelphia, 2nd ed. vol.2 p.292		acraea  (Elliot, 1904); alticola Hooper, 1940; apicalis Elliot, 1903; arizonae Merriam, 1893; cinnamomea J. A. Allen, 1895; columbiana Elliot, 1899; drummondii (Richardson, 1828); fusca True, 1894; grangeri J. A. Allen, 1894; lucida Goldman, 1917; macrodon Kelson, 1949; occidentalis Baird, 1855; orolestes Merriam, 1894; pulla Hooper, 1940; rupicola J. A. Allen, 1894; saxamans Osgood, 1900.	SE Yukon and westernmost Northwest Territories, south through Alaskan Panhandle, British Columbia and W Alberta, Canada; in W USA, from Washington to W Dakotas as far south as EC California, S Nevada, N Arizona, and NW New Mexico.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Teonoma. Type species of Teonoma, conventionally acknowledged as a distinctive subgenus of Neotoma (e.g., Burt and Barkalow, 1942; Goldman, 1910; Hall, 1981; Hooper, 1960). Cladistically basal to all other species of Neotoma surveyed by Planz et al. (1996) and Edwards and Bradley (2002b); the latter authors discussed the possible generic elevation of Teonoma but demurred pending cladistic examination of N. (Teanopus) phenax. Late Quaternary changes in body size as correlated with temperature fluctuations documented by Smith et al. (1995). See Smith (1997, Mammalian Species, 564).	Bushy-tailed Woodrat
13400287	Ctenomys brasiliensis	Blainville 1826	SPECIES			brasiliensis		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris vol.3 p.62			E Brazil.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Brazilian Tuco-tuco
13000411	Neotoma devia	Goldman 1927	SPECIES			devia	Neotoma	Neotoma	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.40 p.205		aureotunicata  Huey, 1937; auripila Blossom, 1933; bensoni Blossom, 1933; flava Benson, 1935; harteri Huey, 1937.	W Arizona, USA, east and south of the Colorado River; NW Sonora, México.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Neotoma, lepida species group (sensu Edwards and Bradley, 2002b). Once ranked as a subspecies of N. lepida, from which several data sources support its specific&#8209;level divergence (Koop et al., 1985; Mascarello, 1978; Patton and Alvarez-Castañeda, In Press). But see Hoffmeister (1986), who disputed the specific status of devia based on his interpretation of morphological integration among Arizona populations. Unequivocal discrimination from N. lepida, verification of species&#8209;group synonyms, delimitation of geographic range, and delineation of subspecies, if defensible, all require further attention. Planz (1999) noted only auripila as synonym; others provisionally listed here conform to the geographic range as depicted by Riddle et al. (2000b:Fig. 1).	Arizona Woodrat
13000412	Neotoma floridana	Ord 1818	SPECIES			floridana	Neotoma	Neotoma	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris vol.1818 p.181		attwateri  Mearns, 1897; baileyi Merriam, 1894; campestris J. A. Allen, 1894; haematoreia A. H. Howell, 1934; illinoensis A. H. Howell, 1910; osagensis Blair, 1939; rubida Bangs, 1898; smalli Sherman, 1955.	SC and SE USA (see Monty et al., 1995, for range enhancement in Illinois), from EC Colorado to C Texas, eastwards to the Atlantic seaboard, from S North Carolina to peninsular Florida; isolated population on Florida Keys (smalli).	U.S. ESA  Endangered as N. f. smalli; IUCN  Endangered N. f. smalli, Lower Risk (nt) as N. f. baileyi and N. f. haematoreia, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Neotoma, floridana species group (sensu Edwards and Bradley, 2002b). Hybridization with N. micropus possible but introgression along narrow contact zone judged insubstantial (Birney, 1973). See Planz et al. (1996) and Edwards et al. (2001) for studies of kinship and phylogeography based on DNA information. Whitaker and Hamilton (1998) implied that eastern populations (except smalli) are all synonymous with the nominate subspecies, a possibility consistent with the study of Edwards et al. (2001), who noted well-marked western and eastern clades among the subspecies sampled, coincident with the Mississippi River; denser geographic sampling is required. Few records from the Edwards Plateau, C Texas, reviewed by Goetze (1998); genetic differentiation and status of populations in S Illinois assessed by Monty et al. (2003). Formerly included magister as a subspecies (see below). See Wiley (1980, Mammalian Species, 139).	Eastern Woodrat
13000413	Neotoma fuscipes	Baird 1857	SPECIES			fuscipes	Neotoma	Neotoma	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Mammalia in Repts. U.S. Expl. Surv. vol.8 1 p.495		affinis  Elliot, 1898; annectens Elliot, 1898; bullatior Hooper, 1939; monochroura Rhoads, 1894; perplexa Hooper, 1938; riparia Hooper, 1938; splendens True, 1894.	Coastal and Cascade mountains, W Oregon, southwards to Inner Coastal Range, WC California, and N Sierra Nevadas, EC California, USA.	U.S. ESA  Endangered as N. f. riparia; IUCN  Critically Endangered as N. f. riparia, Data Deficient as N. f. annectens, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Neotoma, lepida species group (sensu Edwards and Bradley, 2002b). Type species of Homodontomys. Sister&#8209;group relationship subject to conflicting interpretations, either N. cinerea (Carleton, 1980; Cudmore, 1986; Koop et al., 1985) or the N. lepida complex (Edwards and Bradley, 2002b); the former kinship supports synonymy of Homodontomys under subgenus Teonoma, the latter under subgenus Neotoma as enacted by Burt and Barkalow (1942). Subspecific classification revised by Hooper (1938). Patterns of morphological and genetic variation broadly evaluated by Matocq (2003), who demonstrated specific level divergence of southern populations and reinstated those as N. macrotis (see below). See Carraway and Verts (1991, Mammalian Species, 386).	Dusky-footed Woodrat
13000429	Ochrotomys nuttalli	Harlan 1832	SPECIES			nuttalli		Ochrotomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Mon. Am. J. Geol. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia p.446		aureolus  (Audubon and Bachman, 1841); flammeus (Goldman, 1941); floridanus Packard, 1969; lewisi (A. H. Howell, 1939); lisae Packard, 1969.	SE USA, from SE Missouri across to E West Virginia and S Virginia, south to E Texas, the Gulf coast, and C Florida.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subspecific classification revised by Packard (1969), but Whitaker and Hamilton (1998) saw no basis for recognizing any. See Linzey and Packard (1977, Mammalian Species, 75).	Golden Mouse
13000415	Neotoma lepida	Thomas 1893	SPECIES			lepida	Neotoma	Neotoma	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.12 p.235		abbreviata  Goldman, 1909; arenacea J. A. Allen, 1898; aridicola Huey, 1957; bella Bangs, 1899; californica Price, 1894; desertorum Merriam, 1894; egressa Orr 1934; felipensis Elliot, 1903; gilva Rhoads, 1894; grinnelli Hall, 1942; insularis Townsend, 1912; intermedia Rhoads, 1894; latirostra Burt, 1932; marcosensis Burt, 1932; marshalli Goldman, 1939; molagrandis Huey, 1945; monstrabilis Goldman, 1932; nevadensis Taylor, 1910; notia Nelson and Goldman, 1931; nudicauda Goldman, 1905; perpallida Goldman, 1909; petricola von Bloeker, 1938; pretiosa Goldman, 1909; ravida Nelson and Goldman, 1931; sanrafaeli Kelson, 1950; sola Merriam, 1894; vicina Goldman, 1909.	SE Oregon to C Utah and WC Colorado, south through Nevada, NW Arizona, and S California, USA, to S Baja California Sur, México.	IUCN  Data Deficient as N. l. intermedia, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Neotoma, lepida species group (sensu Edwards and Bradley, 2002b). Even with removal of N. devia, "lepida" may still represent a composite of two species (Mascarello, 1978; Riddle et al., 2000b). As underscored in the phylogeographic study of Patton and Alvarez-Castañeda (In Press), based on cytochrome b data, populations from the coastal region of W California and the Baja California peninsula (= intermedia) are more genetically differentiated from lepida proper than are those of N. devia. Taxonomic stature of these coastal-peninsular populations, and the possible nomenclatural priority of the insular form bryanti for this complex, await integrated morphological and molecular confirmation (see Patton and Alvarez-Castañeda, In Press). As with N. devia, explicit allocation of species-group synonyms is needed. See Verts and Carraway (2002, Mammalian Species, 699).	Desert Woodrat
13000422	Neotoma nelsoni	Goldman 1905	SPECIES			nelsoni	Neotoma	Neotoma	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.18 p.29			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN  Endangered.	Subgenus Neotoma. Affiliated with N. albigula but stature as a separate species uncertain (see Hall and Genoways, 1970). The removal, as N . leucodon, of southern populations formerly associated with albigula necessitates reevalution of the status of nelsoni and its affinity with repect to the floridana and micropus species groups (see Edwards and Bradley, 2002b).	Nelsons Woodrat
13000416	Neotoma leucodon	Merriam 1894	SPECIES			leucodon	Neotoma	Neotoma	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Bio. Soc. Wash. vol.9 p.120		durangae  J. A. Allen, 1903; latifrons Merriam, 1894; melas Dice, 1929; montezumae Goldman, 1905; robusta Blair, 1939; subsolana Alvarez, 1962; warreni Merriam, 1908; zacatecae Goldman, 1905.	SE Colorado, E New Mexico, and W Texas, USA, south in the Mexican Plateau to N Jalisco and N México.		Subgenus Neotoma, micropus species group (sensu Edwards and Bradley, 2002b). Rearranged as a subspecies of N. albigula by Goldman (1910), but specific status defended by Edwards et al. (2001) based on phylogenetic analysis of cytochromeb sequences. Hybridization (reported as N. albigula) suspected with N. micropus in Colorado (Finley, 1958) and apparent intergradation of the two in Coahuila (Anderson, 1969); sister species to N. micropus supported by mitochondrial DNA data (Edwards et al., 2001). With changes in specific definitions and geographic ranges, meaningful delimitation of subspecies is currently unwarranted, as noted by Edwards et al. (2001); provisional allocation of other species-group epithets not sampled by those authors should be confirmed.	White-toothed Woodrat
13000417	Neotoma macrotis	Thomas 1893	SPECIES			macrotis	Neotoma	Neotoma	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist, ser.6 vol.12 p.234		cnemophila  Elliot, 1904; dispar Merriam, 1894; luciana Hooper, 1938; martirensis Orr, 1934; mohavensis Elliot, 1904; simplex True, 1894; streatori Merriam, 1894.	Santa Lucia Range, WC California, and Sierra Nevada, EC California, southwards to N Baja California Norte, México; isolated population in SE California.	IUCN  Data Deficient as N. fuscipes luciana.	Subgenus Neotoma, lepida species group (sensu Edwards and Bradley, 2002b). Intergradation with N. fuscipes maintained by Hooper (1938), who retained macrotis and related populations as subspecies of the former (e.g., see Hall, 1981). Purported hybridization zones reexamined by Matocq (2003), who uncovered pronounced and concordant differentiation in morphology, microsatellite genotypes, and mitochondrial DNA sequences between northern (fuscipes) and southern (macrotis) populations in the mountains flanking the Sacramento-San Joaquin Valley and elevated the latter set to a species. Matocq (2002) elaborated upon phylogeographic patterns of inter- and intraspecific diversification in the context of glacial and hydrographic changes that occurred in the Sierra Nevadas during the late Pliocene-Pleistocene.	Big-eared Woodrat
13000418	Neotoma magister	Baird 1857	SPECIES			magister	Neotoma	Neotoma	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Mammals, in Repts. Expl. Surv. vol.8 p.498		pennsylvanica  Stone, 1893.	Allegheny Mountains, E USA, along a southwesterly tract from extreme SE New York and NW New Jersey to N Alabama and NW Georgia; isolated pockets in S Indiana and S Ohio.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Neotoma, floridana species group (sensu Edwards and Bradley, 2002b). Originally described as a species, retained as such by Goldman (1910), later placed as a subspecies of N. floridana by Burt and Barkalow (1942). Birney (1976), however, noted that magister may prove distinct from N. floridana, an assessment borne out by subsequent morphological and genetic studies (Edwards and Bradley, 2001; Hayes and Harrison, 1992; Hayes and Richmond, 1993; Planz et al., 1996). Historical biogeography and timing of divergence from N. floridana postulated by Hayes and Harrison (1992) and Edwards and Bradley (2001).	Allegheny Woodrat
13000419	Neotoma martinensis	Goldman 1905	SPECIES			martinensis	Neotoma	Neotoma	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.18 p.28			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN  Endangered.	Subgenus Neotoma, lepida species group (sensu Edwards and Bradley, 2002b). Listed as nominal species of N. lepida group by Goldman (1932); also see Mascarello (1978). Not collected since 1963, possibly extinct due to domestic cat predation (see Alvarez-Castañeda and Cortés-Calva, 1999). See Cortés-Calva et al. (2001, Mammalian Species, 657).	San Martín Woodrat
13000442	Peromyscus californicus	Gambel 1848	SPECIES			californicus		Peromyscus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.4 p.78		benitoensis  Grinnell and Orr, 1934; insignis Rhoads, 1895; mariposae Grinnell and Orr, 1934; parasiticus (Baird, 1857).	C and S California, USA, excluding San Joaquin Valley, to NW Baja California Norte, México.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	P. californicus species group. Electrophoretic and morphometric variation investigated by Smith (1979), who retained only a northern (californicus) and southern (insignis) subspecies. See Merritt (1978, Mammalian Species, 85).	California Deermouse
13000420	Neotoma mexicana	Baird 1855	SPECIES			mexicana	Neotoma	Neotoma	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.7 p.333		atrata  Burt, 1939; bullata Merriam, 1894; chamula Goldman, 1909; distincta Bangs, 1903; eremita Hall, 1955; fallax Merriam, 1894; ferruginea Tomes, 1862; fulviventer Merriam, 1894; griseoventer Dalquest, 1951; inopinata Goldman, 1933; inornata Goldman, 1938; isthmica Goldman, 1904; madrensis Goldman, 1905; navus Merriam, 1903; ochracea Goldman, 1905; orizabae Merriam, 1894; parvidens Goldman, 1904; picta Goldman, 1904; pinetorum Merriam, 1893; scopulorum Finley, 1953; sinaloae J. A. Allen, 1898; solitaria Goldman, 1905; tenuicauda Merriam, 1892; torquata Ward, 1891; tropicalis Goldman, 1904; vulcani Sanborn, 1935.	SE Utah and C Colorado, USA, southwards through W and interior México, to highlands of Guatemala, El Salvador, and W Honduras.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>Subgenus Neotoma, mexicana species group (sensu Edwards and Bradley, 2002b). Goldman (1910) recognized the synonyms listed here under seven species, an early view on diversity uncritically overturned during the broad-brushed application of the biological species concept (Hall, 1955; Hooper, 1955). However, a composite of three or more species, e.g., as indicated by the comments of Sánchez-Hernández et al. (1999) on the morphological distinctiveness of tenuicauda and torquata in Michoacán, and by the findings of Edwards and Bradley (2002a) on the large genetic distances recorded among US and Méxican populations. Using mitochondrial DNA sequences, Edwards and Bradley (2002b) subsequently elevated two epithets, isthmica and picta, to species, but the few specimens examined and very limited geographic representation of each raise questions about their eventual application to the genetic groups identified. The status o... [truncated]	Mexican Woodrat
13000423	Neotoma palatina	Goldman 1905	SPECIES			palatina	Neotoma	Neotoma	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.18 p.27			EC Jalisco, México.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Neotoma. Specific distinctiveness from N. albigula reasserted by Hall and Genoways (1970), but see above comments under N. nelsoni.	Bolaños Woodrat
13400405	Cuscomys oblativa	Eaton 1916	SPECIES			oblativa		Cuscomys	Abrocomidae	Rodentia	Mem. Conn. Acad. Arts Sci. vol.5 p.87			Known only from Inca burial sites of Machu Picchu.	Considered probably extinct by Thomas (1920b); but see Emmons (1999a:13).		Machu Picchu Arboreal Chinchilla Rat
13000424	Neotoma phenax	Merriam 1903	SPECIES			phenax	Teanopus	Neotoma	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.16 p.81			SW Sonora and NW Sinaloa, México.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Teanopus. Type species of Teanopus, a taxon recognized as genus until reduced to a subgenus by Burt and Barkalow (1942). Karyotype interpreted as highly derived (Koop et al., 1985); highly differentiated from and cladistically basal to most species surveyed by Planz et al. (1996) using mitochondrial DNA restriction site analyses. See Jones and Genoways (1978, Mammalian Species, 108).	Sonoran Woodrat
13000425	Neotoma stephensi	Goldman 1905	SPECIES			stephensi	Neotoma	Neotoma	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.18 p.32		relicta  Goldman, 1932.	Extreme SC Utah, N Arizona, and NW New Mexico, USA.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Neotoma, lepida species group (sensu Edwards and Bradley, 2002b). Morphological separation from N. lepida and geographic variation reviewed by Hoffmeister and de la Torre (1960). Sister taxon to N. mexicana sensu lato based on phallic morphology (Hooper, 1960) and restriction-site analysis of mitochondrial DNA (Planz et al., 1996), but associated with the lepida complex based on cytochrome b sequence data (Edwards and Bradley, 2002b). See Jones and Hildreth (1989, Mammalian Species, 328).	Stephens Woodrat
13000426	Neotomodon	Merriam 1898	GENUS					Neotomodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.12 p.127	Neotomodon alstoni Merriam, 1898.				Reithrodontomyini. Conventionally ranked as a genus, later judged closely related to Peromyscus sensu lato (Hooper and Musser, 1964b). Synonymy as a subgenus of Peromyscus advocated by Yates et al. (1979) and Patton et al. (1981), whereas Carleton (1980, 1989) retained Neotomodon as a genus. Various kinds of evidence suggest the phyletic association of Neotomodon, Podomys, and perhaps Habromys (Carleton, 1980; Hooper and Musser, 1964b; Linzey and Layne, 1969; Patton et al., 1981; Stangl and Baker, 1984), although the cladistic results among these studies conflict in detail and on conclusions about rank.	
13000427	Neotomodon alstoni	Merriam 1898	SPECIES			alstoni		Neotomodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.12 p.128		orizabae  Merriam, 1898; perotensis Merriam, 1898.	Endemic to the Cordillera Transvolcanica, México, from WC Michoacán eastwards to C Veracruz.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Williams and Ramírez-Pulido's (1984) evaluation of geographic variation disclosed no basis for subspecific divisions. See Williams et al. (1985, Mammalian Species, 242, as Peromyscus alstoni).	Volcano Deermouse
13000428	Ochrotomys	Osgood 1909	GENUS					Ochrotomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	N. Am. Fauna vol.28 p.222	Arvicola nuttalli Harlan, 1832.				<p>Ochrotomyini new tribe. Type genusOchrotomys Osgood, 1909. Definitionmedium-sized semiarboreal muroid rodents with tail about equal to head-and-body (Packard, 1969); hindfoot short and broad, digit V nearly as long as II-IV, plantar pads large and close set; carotid circulation complete (character state 0 per Carleton, 1980); skull with amphoral interorbit and smooth braincase; zygomatic plate narrow, no formation of dorsal notch; tegmen tympani adnate to squamosal (Voss, 1993), alisphenoid strut present; molars more brachyodont than Peromyscus, enamel thick, accessory lophs(ids) well developed (Hooper, 1957); m3 slightly smaller than m2, enteroconid and posterolophid usually discrete elements; vertebral column with 13 thoracic and 6 lumbar vertebrae, 1<sup>st</sup> rib articulating 7<sup>th</sup> cervical and 1<sup>st</sup> thoracic (Carleton, 1980); humerus lacking entepicondylar foramen (Manville, 1961); three complete and four incomplete transverse palatal ridges... [truncated]	
13400554	Heteropsomys insulans	Anthony 1916	SPECIES			insulans		Heteropsomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Ann New York Acad. Sci. vol.27 p.202			Puerto Rico in cave deposits.	Extinct.	Nearly as large in body size as the Hispaniolan Hutia Plagiodontia aedium.	Puerto Rican Cave Rat
13000430	Onychomys	Baird 1857	GENUS					Onychomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Mammalia in Repts. U.S. Expl. Surv. vol.8 1 p.458	Hypudaeus leucogaster Wied-Neuwied, 1841.				<p>Reithrodontomyini. While Vorontsov (1959) arranged Onychomys as sole member of its own tribe, apart from Reithrodontomyini, a robust body of data now supports its close phyletic affinity with Peromyscus and related genera (Allard and Honeycutt, 1991; Carleton, 1980; Hooper and Musser, 1964b; Stangl and Baker, 1984b; Sullivan et al., 1995), in particular Osgoodomys (Engel et al., 1998), and recommends the synonymy of these two family-group taxa (Reithrodontomyini having line priority).</p><p>Revised by Hollister (1914), with later regional reviews by Engstrom and J. Choate (1979), Riddle and J. Choate (1986), and Van Cura and Hoffmeister (1966). Status of fossil forms (early Pliocene-Holocene) and affinity with living species evaluated by Carleton and Eshelman (1979). Chromosomal evolution among three species investigated by Baker et al. (1979), allozymic differentiation by Sullivan et al. (1986), and molecular relationships by Allard and Honeycutt ... [truncated]	
13000431	Onychomys arenicola	Mearns 1896	SPECIES			arenicola		Onychomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Preliminary diagnosis of new mammals from the Mexican border of the U. S. p.3 (preprint of Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus., 19:137-140)		canus  Merriam, 1904; surrufus Hollister, 1914.	Chihuahuan Desert: SE Arizona, SC New Mexico, and W Texas, USA, south to Aguascalientes, San Luis Potosí, and W Tamaulipas, México.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Placed in full synonymy of O. t. torridus by Hollister (1914). Sympatry with O. torridus and karyotypic discrimination reported by Hinesley (1979), who raised O. arenicola to species (also see Baker et al., 1979). Sullivan et al. (1986) and Riddle and Honneycutt (1990) viewed O. arenicola and O. leucogaster as sister taxa, but Allard and Honeycutt (1991) depicted the cladistic topography, based on ribosomal DNA analyses, as (O. arenicola (O. leucogaster-O. torridus)). Synonymy follows Riddle (1999), who did not indicate subspecies; specimen-based amplification of geographic range still highly welcomed.	Chihuahuan Grasshopper Mouse
13000432	Onychomys leucogaster	Wied-Neuwied 1841	SPECIES			leucogaster		Onychomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Reise in Nord America vol.2 p.99		albescens  Merriam, 1904; arcticeps Rhoads, 1898; breviauritus Hollister, 1913; brevicaudus Merriam, 1891; capitulatus Hollister, 1913; durranti Riddle and J. Choate, 1986; fuliginosus Merriam, 1890; fuscogriseus Anthony, 1913; longipes Merriam, 1889; melanophrys Merriam, 1889; missouriensis (Audubon and Bachman, 1851); pallescens Merriam, 1890; pallidus Herrick, 1885; ruidosae Stone and Rehn, 1903; utahensis Goldman, 1939.	S Alberta, S Saskatchewan, and SW Manitoba, Canada, south through much of Great Plains and Great Basin region of USA, to NC Sonora and N Tamaulipas, México.	IUCN  Data Deficient as O. l. durranti, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	Geographic variation and subspecific taxonomy reviewed for C Great Plains (Engstrom and J. Choate, 1979) and for Great Basin region (Riddle and J. Choate, 1986). Biogeographic implications of intraspecific differentiation explored by Riddle and J. Choate (1986) and Riddle et al. (1993). See McCarty (1978, Mammalian Species, 87).	Northern Grasshopper Mouse
13000433	Onychomys torridus	Coues 1874	SPECIES			torridus		Onychomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.26 p.183		clarus  Hollister, 1913; knoxjonesi Hollander and Willig, 1992; longicaudus Merriam, 1889; macrotis Elliot, 1903; perpallidus Mearns, 1896; pulcher Elliot, 1904; ramona Rhoads, 1893; tularensis Merriam, 1904; yakiensis Merriam, 1904.	C California, S Nevada, and extreme SW Utah, USA, south to N Baja California Norte, Sonora, and N Sinaloa, México.	IUCN  Data Deficient as O. t. ramona and O. t. tularensis, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	See comments under O. arenicola. See McCarty (1975, Mammalian Species, 59, including arenicola).	Southern Grasshopper Mouse
13000434	Osgoodomys	Hooper and Musser 1964	GENUS					Osgoodomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan vol.635 p.12	Peromyscus banderanus J. A. Allen, 1897.				Reithrodontomyini. Diagnosed as a subgenus of Peromyscus by Hooper and Musser (1964b) and retained there by Hooper (1968); proposed as a distinct genus by Carleton (1980). Anatomy of male reproductive system detailed by Linzey and Layne (1969, 1974). Relationships assessed based on chromosomal banding (Rogers et al., 1984), protein electrophoresis (Schmidly et al., 1985), and mitochondrial DNA sequencing (Engel et al., 1998).	
13000435	Osgoodomys banderanus	J. A. Allen 1897	SPECIES			banderanus		Osgoodomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.9 p.51		vicinior  Osgood, 1904.	Coastal plain of S Nayarit to S Guerrero, interior of Michoacán and Guerrero along the basin of the Río Balsas, México.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	The forms angelensis, coatlanensis, and sloeops had been mistaken as subspecies of O. banderanus and were reassigned to Peromyscus mexicanus by Musser (1969).	Osgoods Deermouse
13000436	Peromyscus	Gloger 1841	GENUS					Peromyscus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Gemein Hand. Hilfsbuch. Nat. vol.1 p.95	Peromyscus arboreus Gloger, 1841 (= Mus leucopus Rafinesque, 1818).	Haplomylomys  Osgood, 1904; Sitomys Fitzinger, 1867; Vesperimus Coues, 1874; Trinodontomys Rhoads, 1894.			<p>Reithrodontomyini. The Drosophila of North American mammalogythe alpha-level classification of the genus has been revised three times (Osgood, 1909; Hooper, 1968; Carleton, 1989) and its biology and evolution have been twice monographed (King, 1968; Kirkland and Layne, 1989). Multispecies surveys have broadly sampled morphology of the genus (Carleton, 1973, 1980; Hooper, 1957, 1958; Hooper and Musser, 1964b; Linzey and Layne, 1969, 1974), its karyology (Robbins and Baker, 1981; Robbins et al., 1983; Rogers et al., 1984; Stangl and Baker, 1984b), biochemical variation (Avise et al., 1974, 1979; Brownell, 1983; Fuller et al., 1984; Patton et al., 1981; Rogers and Engstrom, 1992; Schmidly et al., 1985; Zimmerman et al., 1978), and geographical ecology (Glazier, 1980). See especially Greenbaum et al. (1994) for compilation of chromosomal banding data on the genus (2n = 48 in all species) and review of its cytosystematic applications.</p><p>Greater emphasis on phylo... [truncated]	
13500162	Lepus europaeus subsp. cyrensis	Satunin 1905	SUBSPECIES		cyrensis	europaeus	Eulagos	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13000437	Peromyscus attwateri	J. A. Allen 1895	SPECIES			attwateri		Peromyscus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.7 p.330		bellus  Bangs, 1896; cansensis Long, 1961; laceyi Bailey, 1905.	Edwards Plateau (see Goetze, 1998) and E Llano Estacado (see L. Choate, 1997) of C and N Texas, eastwards through SW and E Oklahoma, to SE Kansas, SW Missouri, and NW Arkansas, USA.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	P. truei species group. Cognate relationship to P. difficilis (and nasutus) suggested by allozymic data (Janecek, 1990; Sullivan et al. 1991), a relationship bolstered by restriction-site (DeWalt et al., 1993b) and gene-sequence analyses (Tiemann-Boege et al., 2000) of mitochondrial DNA. Classified as a geographic race of P. boylii (Osgood, 1909) until rediagnosed as a species by Schmidly (1973). Biochemical evolution studied by Kilpatrick (1984); morphometric variation among Arkansas populations evaluated by Sugg et al. (1990). Populations found along the eastern escarpment of the Llano Estacado, N Texas, reidentified as P. attwateri, not P. boylii (L. Choate, 1997). See Schmidly (1974, Mammalian Species, 48).	Texas Deermouse
13000449	Peromyscus fraterculus	Miller 1892	SPECIES			fraterculus		Peromyscus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Amer. Nat. vol.26 p.261		herroni  (Rhoads, 1893); homochroia Elliot, 1903; nigellus (Rhoads, 1894); propinquus J. A. Allen, 1898.	SW California, USA, through Baja California Norte, to EC Baja California Sur, México.		P. eremicus species group. Long considered a geographic race of P. eremicus following the revision of Osgood (1909; e.g., also and Hall, 1981, Lawlor, 1971a). Studies of allozymic (Avise et al., 1974) and mitochondrial DNA variation (Walpole et al., 1997) within eremicus as conceived by Osgood have intimated that western and eastern moieties are specifically distinct. Riddle et al. (2000a, c) have confirmed this pronounced genetic divergence, reinstated fraterculus to species, demonstrated its common ancestry with P. eva, and interpreted its Pleistocene origination in a phylogeographic context. Synonyms follow Riddle et al. (2000c).	Northern Baja Deermouse
13000438	Peromyscus aztecus	Saussure 1860	SPECIES			aztecus		Peromyscus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Rev. Mag. Zool. Paris, Ser. 2 vol.12 p.105		cordillerae  Dickey, 1928; evides Osgood, 1904; hondurensis Goodwin, 1941; oaxacensis Merriam, 1898; yautepecus Goodwin, 1955.	Humid montane and cloud forests, 800-3140 m, from C Veracruz and C Guerrero, through Oaxaca and E Chiapas, México, to Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	P. aztecus species group. Traditionally viewed as a subspecies of P. boylii (Osgood, 1909; Hall and Kelson, 1959). Species status recognized by Alvarez (1961); morphological recognition, distribution, and synonymies clarified by Musser (1969) and Carleton (1979). Systematic relationships examined by Bradley and Schmidly (1987), Smith (1990), Sullivan and Kilpatrick (1991), and Sullivan et al. (1997). Formerly included P. hylocetes (see account); other junior synonyms (evides, hondurensis, oaxacensis) have been treated as species (Hooper, 1968; Osgood, 1909) and their inclusion under P. aztecus deserves further scrutiny, especially those populations that occupy highlands south of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec (e.g., see Sullivan et al., 1997, 2000). Segregated together with P. hylocetes, P. spicilegus, and P. winkelmanni as the aztecus species group (Carleton, 1989;... [truncated]	Aztec Deermouse
13000439	Peromyscus beatae	Thomas 1903	SPECIES			beatae		Peromyscus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.11 p.485		sacarensis  Dickey, 1928.	C Veracruz and C Guerrero to Oaxaca and Chiapas, México, southwards through highlands of Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras.		P. boylii species group. Formerly arranged as a synonym of P. boylii levipes (Hooper, 1968; Osgood, 1909) or P. levipes (Carleton, 1989). Specific status, including sacarensis as junior synonym and recognized subspecies, reasserted based on karyotypic, morphologic, and genetic evidence (Bradley and Schmidly, 1987; Bradley et al., 1989, 2000; Houseal et al. 1987; Schmidly et al., 1988). Sister taxon of P. levipes; taxonomic level of differentiation of populations west (beatae) and east (sacarensis) of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec requires additional study (see Bradley et al., 2000).	Orizaba Deermouse
13000440	Peromyscus boylii	Baird 1855	SPECIES			boylii		Peromyscus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.7 p.335		gaurus  Elliot, 1903; glasselli Burt, 1932; major (Rhoads, 1893); metallicola Elliot, 1904; parasiticus Elliot, 1904; pinalis (Miller, 1893); robustus (J. A. Allen, 1893); rowleyi (J. A. Allen, 1893); utahensis Durrant, 1946.	Much of SW USA, from N California to westernmost Oklahoma, south to N Baja California Norte and Trans-Pecos Texas (see Bradley et al., 1999a), along the Sierra Madre Occidental and W Central Plateau to Queretaro and W Hidalgo, México.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>P. boylii species group. Many taxa previously consigned as subspecies or full synonyms by Osgood (1909) or Hall (1981) have been elevated to species: namely P. attwateri (see Schmidly, 1973), P. aztecus (see Alvarez, 1961; Carleton, 1979; Hooper, 1968), P. baetae (see Bradley and Schmidly, 1987; Schmidly et al., 1988), P. levipes (see Schmidly et al., 1988), P. madrensis (see Carleton, 1977; Carleton et al., 1982), P. simulus (see Carleton, 1977), P. sagax (see Bradley et al., 1996a), and P. spicilegus (see Carleton, 1977). Others have been realigned with other speciescordillerae and evides under P. aztecus (Carleton, 1979); ambiguus under P. levipes (Castro-Campillo et al, 1999; Schmidly et al., 1988); sacarensis under P. baetae (Bradley et al., 2000); and penicillatus under... [truncated]	Brush Deermouse
13000441	Peromyscus bullatus	Osgood 1904	SPECIES			bullatus		Peromyscus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.17 p.63			Known from only two localities in Veracruz, EC México.	IUCN  Endangered.	P. truei species group. Retained as a species since its discovery (Carleton, 1989; Hoffmeister, 1951; Osgood, 1909), although Hooper (1968) suspected that it would prove to be a subspecies of P. truei, a possibility that has yet to be addressed.	Perote Deermouse
13000443	Peromyscus caniceps	Burt 1932	SPECIES			caniceps		Peromyscus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. vol.7 p.174			Known only from Monserrat Isl.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	P. eremicus species group. Although membership in Haplomylomys is generally recognized (Avise et al., 1971; Burt, 1932; Hooper, 1968), nearest kin and specific stature unresolved. Affinity to P. eva highlighted by Lawlor (1971b), who suggested its possible ranking as a subspecies thereof, but later (1983) maintained it as an insular species. Strongly and about equally differentiated from examples of P. eva, P. eremicus, and P. fraterculus based on allozymic comparisons by Avise et al. (1974). Listed, without explanation, in the crinitus species group by Hall (1981). Reassigned as a subspecies of P. fraterculus based on mitochondrial DNA similarity by Hafner et al. (2001). Nevertheless, the bacular contrasts to P. eremicus P. fraterculus, as recorded by Lawlor (1971b), are impressive and recommend additional morphological and molecular comparisons t... [truncated]	Monserrat Island Deermouse
13400421	Olallamys edax	Thomas 1916	SPECIES			edax		Olallamys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.18 p.299			W Venezuela and adjacent N Colombia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).		Greedy Olalla Rat
13000444	Peromyscus crinitus	Merriam 1891	SPECIES			crinitus		Peromyscus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	N. Am. Fauna vol.5 p.53		auripectus  (J. A. Allen, 1893); delgadilli Benson, 1940; disparilis Goldman, 1932; doutii Goin, 1944; pallidissimus Huey, 1931; pergracilis Goldman, 1939; peridoneus Goldman, 1937; petraius Elliot, 1904; rupicolus Benson, 1940; scitulus Bangs, 1899; scopulorum Benson, 1940; stephensi Mearns, 1897.	E Oregon and SW Idaho, south through Nevada and parts of Utah and W Colorado, USA, to EC Baja California Norte and NW Sonora, México.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	P. crinitus species group. Revised by Osgood (1909); subspecific taxonomy updated by Hall and Hoffmeister (1942). Initially placed in subgenus Haplomylomys (Osgood, 1909); later transferred to subgenus Peromyscus (Hooper and Musser, 1964b). Karyotype viewed as primitive for the genus (Greenbaum and Baker, 1978; Stangl and Baker, 1984b). Population on Isla San Luís Gonzaga (pallidissimus), N Sea of Cortez, genetically similar to mainland P. crinitus and retained as subspecies (Hafner et al., 2001). A composite of at least two species, the status of long-tailed forms (e.g., disparilis and delgadilli) in particular meriting reassessment. See Johnson and Armstrong (1987, Mammalian Species, 287).	Canyon Deermouse
13000445	Peromyscus dickeyi	Burt 1932	SPECIES			dickeyi		Peromyscus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. vol.7 p.176			Known only from Tortuga Isl.	IUCN  Endangered.	P. eremicus species group. Genically similar to P. eremicus and P. merriami (Avise et al., 1974) and presumably originated from an eremicus like progenitor (Lawlor, 1983), but gene sequence data decisively portray mice on Tortuga Isl as derivatives of P. merriami (Hafner et al., 2001). The last authors have recommended the recognition of dickeyi as a subspecies of P. merriami. Cranium and fur traits of dickeyi do closely resemble those of P. merriami but the bullae appear smaller and the tail relatively shorter, diagnostic features noted by Burt (1932). A sounder footing for its synonymy and possible subspecific retention should involve broader morphological and molecular surveys within the range of P. merriami, together with the original type series of the island form. See Cortés-Calva and Alvarez-Castañeda (2001, Mammalian Species, 659).	Dickeys Deermouse
13000446	Peromyscus difficilis	J. A. Allen 1891	SPECIES			difficilis		Peromyscus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.3 p.298		amplus  Osgood, 1904; felipensis Merriam, 1898; petricola Hoffmeister and de la Torre, 1959; saxicola Hoffmeister and de la Torre, 1959.	W Chihuahua and SE Coahuila, south to C Oaxaca, México.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	P. truei species group. Revised by Hoffmeister and de la Torre (1961) to include nasutus (see species account below) and comanche (transferred to P. trueiSchmidly, 1973). Karyologic and biochemical evidence has suggested that P. difficilis and P. nasutus are sibling species (Avise et al., 1979; Zimmerman et al., 1975, 1978); classified as such by Carleton (1989), but see Janecek (1990), who continued to view nasutus populations as part of P. difficilis. DeWalt et al. (1993b) also noted the somewhat low levels of genetic divergence among attwateri, difficilis, and nasutus (e.g., less than P. gratus versus P. truei) but retained them as species, as did Tiemann-Boege et al. (2000). The matter of their synonymy merits reconsideration and decisive resolution. Gaona (1997) evaluated sex and age variation of populations in Veracruz and Puebla.	Southern Rock Deermouse
13000453	Peromyscus gratus	Merriam 1898	SPECIES			gratus		Peromyscus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.12 p.123		erasmus  Finley, 1952; gentilis Osgood, 1904; pavidus Elliot, 1903; zapotecae Hooper, 1957; zelotes Osgood, 1904.	SW New Mexico, USA, south from W Chihuahua and SE Coahuila, through interior México to C Oaxaca.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	P. truei species group. Mexican populations revised, as part of P. truei, by Hoffmeister (1951). Divergent karyotypes and genetic distances had questioned unity of P. truei (Lee et al., 1972; Zimmerman et al., 1978); sympatry documented in New Mexico by Modi and Lee (1984), who raised P. gratus to a species (also see DeWalt et al., 1993b; Janecek, 1990; Tiemann-Boege et al., 2000).	Saxicoline Deermouse
13000563	Akodon molinae	Contreras 1968	SPECIES			molinae	Akodon	Akodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Zool. Platense vol.1 2 p.12-Sep			S Argentina (Mendoza to Buenos Aires Provs., south to Chubut).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Akodon, A. varius species group (Myers, 1989). Chromosomal polymorphism (2n = 42-44) and distributional extent with regard to A. dolores (also see remarks therein) reported by Tiranti (1998b).	Molinas Akodont
13000447	Peromyscus eremicus	Baird 1857	SPECIES			eremicus		Peromyscus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Mammalia in Repts. U.S. Expl. Surv. vol.8 1 p.479		alcorni  Anderson, 1972; anthonyi (Merriam, 1887); arenarius Mearns, 1896; avius Osgood, 1909; cedrosensis J. A. Allen, 1898; cinereus Hall, 1931; collatus Burt, 1932; insulicola Osgood, 1909; papagensis Goldman, 1917; phaeurus Osgood, 1904; polypolius Osgood, 1909; pullus Blossom, 1933; sinaloensis Anderson, 1972; tiburonensis Mearns, 1897.	SE California, S Nevada, and SW Utah east to Trans-Pecos Texas, USA; south along mainland coast to C Sinaloa, and on the Mexican Plateau to N Zacatecas and S San Luis Potosí, México.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	P. eremicus species group. Once included P. merriami (see Hoffmeister and Lee, 1963a), P. eva (see Lawlor, 1971b), and P. fraterculus (see Riddle et al., 2000a, c). Even following removal of these several species confused under eremicus, mitochondrial DNA variation delineates well-marked W (Sonoran) and E (Chihuahuan) lineages whose taxonomic status should be explored (see Walpole et al., 1997; Riddle et al., 2000c). Lawlor (1971a) relegated the population on Isla Turner, collatus, to subspecies, a relationship and ranking bolstered by molecular analyses (Hafner et al., 2001), but Hall (1981) and Alvarez-Castañeda and Cortés-Calva (1999) continued to list it as a species. Relationships of P. eremicus to various insular forms in Gulf of California elucidated first by Lawlor (1971a, b, 1983) and later Hafner et al. (2001). Genetic variation broadly s... [truncated]	Cactus Deermouse
13000448	Peromyscus eva	Thomas 1898	SPECIES			eva		Peromyscus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.1 p.44		carmeni  Townsend, 1912.	Most of Baja California Sur and Carmen Isl, México.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	P. eremicus species group. Ranked by Osgood (1909) as a race of P. eremicus, but Lawlor (1971b), noting morphological differences and sympatry of the two, resurrected P. eva as a species, including the population on nearby Isla Carmen as a subspecies (also see Hafner et al., 2001). Specific differentiation sustained by electrophoretic and gene-sequence analyses (Avise et al., 1974; Riddle et al., 2000a, c); sister species to P. fraterculus (Riddle et al., 2000c), another member of the Baja California Peninsular Desert fauna (e.g., Hafner and Riddle, 1997; Riddle et al., 2000a, b). See Alvarez-Castañeda and Cortés-Calva (2003, Mammalian Species, 738).	Southern Baja Deermouse
13400436	Isothrix bistriata subsp. orinoci	Thomas 1899	SUBSPECIES		orinoci	bistriata		Isothrix	Echimyidae	Rodentia							
13500016	Ochotona cansus subsp. sorella	Thomas 1908	SUBSPECIES		sorella	cansus	Ochotona	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha							
13000450	Peromyscus furvus	J. A. Allen and Chapman 1897	SPECIES			furvus		Peromyscus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.9 p.201		angustirostris  Hall and Alvarez, 1961; latirostris Dalquest, 1950.	Wet and cool forests along E flanks of Sierra Madre Oriental from extreme SE San Luis Potosí to NC Oaxaca, México.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	P. furvus species group. Morphological limits, geographic variation, and distribution reviewed by Huckaby (1980), nongeographic variation by Martínez-Coronel et al. (1997). Full synonyms include latirostris (see Hall, 1971) and angustirostris (see Musser, 1964), a conclusion supported by electrophoretic study of allozymes (Harris and Rogers, 1999). Specific homogeneity of taxon questioned by phylogeographic analysis of cytochrome b sequences (Harris et al., 2000), which suggests that the status and identity of populations in northernmost Oaxaca be reconsidered. Considered a member of the mexicanus group by Hooper (1968); segregated as P. furvus species group, tentatively including P. mayensis and P. ochraventer, by Carleton (1989). Although well differentiated from other mexicanus group forms, based on very limited taxonomic sampling, kinship with P. ochraventer is more distant acco... [truncated]	Blackish Deermouse
13000451	Peromyscus gossypinus	Le Conte 1853	SPECIES			gossypinus		Peromyscus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.6 p.411		allapaticola  Schwartz, 1952; anastasae Bangs, 1898; cognatus (Le Conte, 1855); insulanus Bangs, 1898; megacephalus (Rhoads, 1894); mississippiensis Rhoads, 1896; nigriculus Bangs, 1896; palmarius Bangs, 1896; restrictus A. H. Howell, 1939; telmaphilus Schwartz, 1952.	SE USA, from SE Oklahoma, extreme S Illinois (see Feldhammer et al., 1998) and SE Virginia, southwards, skirting the S Appalachians, to E Texas, the Gulf States, and peninsular Florida.	U.S. ESA  Endangered as P. g. allapaticola; IUCN  Extinct as P. g. restrictus, Vulnerable as P. g. allapaticola, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	P. leucopus species group. Lectotype based on MCZ specimen collected by Le Conte designated by Helgen (in Helgen and McFadden, 2001). Hybridization in lab documented with P. leucopus (Bradshaw, 1968), but genetic integrity of P. gossypinus is strongly corroborated in most field studies (Engstrom et al., 1982; Price and Kennedy, 1980; Robbins et al., 1985); limited hybridization of the two may occur in S Illinois (Barko and Feldhammer, 2002). Subspecific realignments based on morphometric and allozymic variation of insular and continental populations presented by Boone et al. (1993); in another survey, Boone et al. (1999) documented broad geographic patterns of genetic variation and discussed their general lack of correspondence to subspecific boundaries. See Wolfe and Linzey (1977, Mammalian Species, 70).	Cotton Deermouse
13000452	Peromyscus grandis	Goodwin 1932	SPECIES			grandis		Peromyscus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.560 p.4			S Alta Verapaz and NE Baja Verapaz, Guatemala; limits of distribution unknown.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	P. mexicanus species group. Maintained as a species by Huckaby (1980). The level of relationship of this species to the allopatric forms P. guatemalensis and P. zarhynchus requires investigation.	Large Deermouse
13500163	Lepus europaeus subsp. hybridus	Desmarest 1822	SUBSPECIES		hybridus	europaeus	Eulagos	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13000454	Peromyscus guardia	Townsend 1912	SPECIES			guardia		Peromyscus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.31 p.126		harbisoni  Banks, 1967; mejiae Burt, 1932.	Isls of Ángel de la Guarda, Granito, and Mejía, N Gulf of California, México.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	P. eremicus species group. Status and relationships with respect to P. eremicus and P. interparietalis illuminated by Brand and Ryckman (1969), Lawlor (1971a), and Avise et al. (1974); also see remarks on those studies by Hafner et al. (2001:785). Formerly included P. interparietalis (see Banks, 1967, and Lawlor, 1971a). Extinction or critical endangerment of various island populations, principally due to domestic cat introduction, evaluated by Mellink et al. (2002) and Alvarez-Castañeda and Ortega-Rubio (2003).	La Guarda Deermouse
13000455	Peromyscus guatemalensis	Merriam 1898	SPECIES			guatemalensis		Peromyscus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.12 p.118			Intermediate to high elevations in mountains of S Chiapas, México, and SW Guatemala.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	P. mexicanus species group. Morphological variation and distribution clarified by Huckaby (1980). Level of relationship to morphologically similar allopatric forms P. grandis and P. zarhynchus unresolved. Formerly included altilaneus Osgood, 1904, here removed to P. mexicanus (see that account).	Guatemalan Deermouse
13000469	Peromyscus melanophrys	Coues 1874	SPECIES			melanophrys		Peromyscus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.26 p.181		coahuilensis  Baker, 1952; consobrinus Osgood, 1904; micropus Baker, 1952; xenurus Osgood, 1904; zamorae Osgood, 1904.	S Durango and Coahuila, south through interior México to Chiapas.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	P. melanophrys species group. Revised by Baker (1952) to include xenurus, which Osgood (1909) had retained as a species. Relationships evaluated by Schmidly et al. (1985) and Stangl and Baker (1984b). The level of differentiation of micropus in Jalisco and Nayarit deserves reconsideration.	Plateau Deermouse
13000456	Peromyscus gymnotis	Thomas 1894	SPECIES			gymnotis		Peromyscus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.14 p.365		allophylus  Osgood, 1904.	Pacific coastal plain and adjacent foothills, near sea level-1675 m, from S Chiapas, México, to S Nicaragua, west of Lake Nicaragua (after Huckaby, 1980; Jones and Yates, 1983; Owen et al., 1990).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	P. mexicanus species group. Formerly classified as a subspecies of P. mexicanus (Osgood, 1909); Musser (1971) elevated gymnotis to species and pointed out the junior status of allophylus. Differentiation from P. mexicanus sustained by Huckaby (1980) and Jones and Yates (1983), who also amplified the southern range and morphological recognition of P. gymnotis. As noted by Carleton (1989), the northward distribution in the region of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec now needs clarification, particularly in light of the report of a mexicanus sample from near Berriozábal, Chiapas, that genetically links with P. gymnotis (Rogers and Engstrom, 1992).	Naked-eared Deermouse
13000457	Peromyscus hooperi	Lee and Schmidly 1977	SPECIES			hooperi		Peromyscus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	J. Mammal. vol.58 p.263			Grassland transition zone, 1000-2000 m, from C Coahuila to northernmost Zacatecas and San Luis Potosí, México.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	P. hooperi species group. Allocated, with reservation, to the subgenus Peromyscus as sole member of P. hooperi species group (Schmidly et al., 1985). See Alvarez-Castañeda (2002, Mammalian Species, 709).	Hoopers Deermouse
13000458	Peromyscus hylocetes	Merriam 1898	SPECIES			hylocetes		Peromyscus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.12 p.124			Endemic to the Cordillera Transvolcanica, 1980-3085 m, from WC Jalisco eastwards to Distrito Federal and N Morelos, México.		P. aztecus species group. Described and early maintained as a species (Merriam, 1898; Osgood, 1909), suggested as conspecific with oaxacensis (Hooper, 1968), and subsequently synonymized as one of five montane subspecies of P. aztecus, including oaxacensis (Carleton, 1979). Cladistic interpretation of cytochrome b sequence data indicates the earlier separation of a hylocetes lineage relative to other populations of P. aztecus (Sullivan and Kilpatrick, 1991; Sullivan et al., 1997, 2000), and genetic divergence levels favor its reinstatement as a species.	Transvolcanic Deermouse
13000459	Peromyscus interparietalis	Burt 1932	SPECIES			interparietalis		Peromyscus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. vol.7 p.175		lorenzi  Banks, 1967; ryckmani Banks, 1967.	North and South San Lorenzo Isls, and Salsipuedes Isl, N Gulf of California, México.	IUCN  Endangered.	P. eremicus species group. Considered distinct from P. guardia and P. eremicus (sensu lato) by Banks (1967) and Lawlor (1971a; also see Avise et al., 1974, and Brand and Ryckman, 1969). Marginally differentiated from P. eremicus based on all characters surveyed by Lawlor (1971a) but retained as species; phyletic relations, as divulged by mitochondrial DNA (COIII) sequences, indicate derivation from a P. eremicus (sensu stricto) stock and suggest only subspecific differentiation from those mainland populations (Hafner et al., 2001).	San Lorenzo Deermouse
13000510	Reithrodontomys montanus	Baird 1855	SPECIES			montanus	Reithrodontomys	Reithrodontomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.7 p.335		albescens  Cary, 1903; griseus Bailey, 1905.	High Plains of C USA, from W South Dakota and E Wyoming to EC Texas and extreme SE Arizona; NE Sonora and Chihuahua to N Durango, México.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Reithrodontomys, megalotis species group. Multivariate discrimination from R. megalotis in Kansas demonstrated by Hoofer et al. (1999). New records on Edwards Plateau, EC Texas, documented by Goetze et al. (1993). See Wilkins (1986, Mammalian Species, 257).	Plains Harvest Mouse
13000460	Peromyscus keeni	Rhoads 1894	SPECIES			keeni		Peromyscus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.46 p.258		algidus  Osgood, 1909; beresfordi Guiguet, 1955; cancrivorus McCabe and Cowan, 1945; carli Guiguet, 1955; doylei McCabe and Cowan, 1945; hylaeus Osgood, 1908; interdictus Anderson, 1932; isolatus Cowan, 1935; macrorhinus (Rhoads, 1894); maritimus McCabe and Cowan, 1945; oceanicus Cowan, 1935; oreas Bangs, 1898; pluvialis McCabe and Cowan, 1945; prevostensis Osgood, 1901; rubriventer McCabe and Cowan, 1945; sartinensis Guiguet, 1955; sitkensis Merriam, 1897; triangularis Guiguet, 1955.	S Alaska, W British Columbia, and W Washington, west of the Coastal and Cascade mountain ranges and including continental shelf islands and archipelagos.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as P. oreas and P. sitkensis.	P. maniculatus species group. Relegated to a subspecies of P. maniculatus by Osgood (1909) and thereafter maintained as a junior synonym (Hall, 1981; Hooper, 1968; Musser and Carleton, 1993). Specific status, synonymies, and distribution with respect to P. maniculatus clarified by Hogan et al. (1993), who reassigned oreas and sitkensis, taxa formerly regarded as species, to subspecific rank; much morphological, genetic, and karyological information has been reported under those names (e.g., Allard and Greenbaum, 1988; Allard et al. 1987; Calhoun and Greenbaum, 1991; Cowan and Guiguet, 1965; Gunn and Greenbaum, 1986; Osgood, 1909; Pengilly et al., 1983; Sheppe, 1961; Sullivan et al., 1990; Thomas, 1973). About half of the synonyms listed are associated on the basis of distributional proximity and literature reports (see Hogan et al., 1993:829), a zoogeographically plausible supposition that deserves firsthand specimen examination and empi... [truncated]	Northwestern Deermouse
13000461	Peromyscus leucopus	Rafinesque 1818	SPECIES			leucopus		Peromyscus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Am. Mon. Mag. vol.3 p.446		affinis  (J. A. Allen, 1891); ammodytes Bangs, 1905; arboreus Gloger, 1841; aridulus Osgood, 1909; arizonae (J. A. Allen, 1894); brevicaudus Davis, 1939; campestris (Le Conte, 1853); canus Mearns, 1896; castaneus Osgood, 1904; caudatus Smith, 1939; cozulmelae Merriam, 1901; easti Paradiso, 1960; emmonsi (DeKay, 1840); flaccidus J. A. Allen, 1903; fuscus Bangs, 1905; incensus Goldman, 1942; lachiguiriensis Goodwin, 1956; mearnsii (J. A. Allen, 1891); mesomelas Osgood, 1904; michiganensis (Audubon and Bachman, 1842); minnesotae Mearns, 1901; musculoides Merriam, 1898; myoides (Gapper, 1830); noveboracensis (Fischer, 1829); ochraceus Osgood, 1909; texanus (Woodhouse, 1853); tornillo Mearns, 1896.	S Alberta and to S Ontario, Quebec and Nova Scotia, Canada; throughout much of C and E USA, excluding Florida; southwards to N Durango and along Caribbean coast to Isthmus of Tehuantepec and NW Yucatán Peninsula, México.	IUCN  Data Deficient as P. l. ammodytes, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	<p>P. leucopus species group. Revised by Osgood (1909). Morphometric discrimination of P. leucopus from P. maniculatus studied in central US and New England (J. Choate, 1973; J. Choate et al., 1979); Rich et al. (1996) combined salivary amylase genotypes with discriminant function analyses to confidently separate these morphologically similar species (also see account of P. gossypinus). Distinctive eastern (leucopus) and southwestern (texanus) cytotypes reported (Baker et al., 1983), with introgression across hybrid zone in central Oklahoma intensively studied (Nelson et al., 1987; Schmidt, 1999; Simmons et al., 1992; Stangl, 1986; Stangl and Baker, 1984a; Van Den Bussche et al., 1993b); possible mechanisms of heterochromatic chromosomal change that would produce the different cytotypes examined by Bowers et al. (1998).</p><p>Morphometric variation examined over microgeographic scale in various regions ... [truncated]	White-footed Deermouse
13000496	Reithrodontomys	Giglioli 1874	SUBGENUS				Reithrodontomys	Reithrodontomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bull. Soc. Geogr. Ital., Roma vol.11 p.326	Reithrodon megalotis Baird, 1857.					
13000497	Aporodon	Howell 1914	SUBGENUS				Aporodon	Reithrodontomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia							
13500017	Ochotona cansus subsp. stevensi	Osgood 1932	SUBSPECIES		stevensi	cansus	Ochotona	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha							
13000462	Peromyscus levipes	Merriam 1898	SPECIES			levipes		Peromyscus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.12 p.123		ambiguus  Alvarez, 1961.	C Nuevo León and W Tamaulipas, in and along the Sierra Madre Oriental, to C Veracruz, Tlaxcala, Distrito Federal, and Morelos, México.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	P. boylii species group. Systematic studies have confirmed sympatry of P. boylii rowleyi and P. levipes in Queretaro and Hidalgo and supported its elevation to species (Houseal et al., 1987; Rennert and Kilpatrick, 1987; Schmidly et al., 1988; Sullivan et al., 1991). The taxon baetae was provisionally retained by Carleton (1989) under P. levipes, whereas Schmidly et al. (1988) viewed it as a cryptic species distinct from P. levipes, a treatment borne out by subsequent studies (see above account). Includes ambiguus as a definable subspecies based on morphometric and gene-sequence evidence (Castro-Campillo et al., 1999); geographic and nongeographic variation, subspecific distributions, and nomenclatural changes summarized by Castro-Campillo et al. (1999).	Nimble-footed Deermouse
13000463	Peromyscus madrensis	Merriam 1898	SPECIES			madrensis		Peromyscus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.12 p.16			Tres Marías Isls, México.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	P. boylii species group. Treated as a subspecies of P. boylii by Osgood (1909) but considered distinct by Carleton (1977) in a revision of boylii group forms in W México. Viewed as closely related to P. simulus by Carleton et al. (1982), but cladistically basal to most other boylii group species in trees generated from cytochrome b data (Tiemann-Boege et al., 2000). Perhaps extirpated on María Magdalena Isl, where Rattus rattus is now abundant (Carleton et al., 1982; Wilson, 1991).	Tres Marías Deermouse
13000464	Peromyscus maniculatus	Wagner 1845	SPECIES			maniculatus		Peromyscus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Arch. Naturgesch. vol.11 1 p.148		abietorum  Bangs, 1896; akeleyi Elliot, 1899; alpinus Cowan, 1937; anacapae von Bloeker, 1942; angustus Hall, 1932; anticostiensis Moulthrop, 1937; arcticus (Coues, 1877); arcticus (Mearns, 1890); argentatus Copeland and Church, 1906; artemisiae (Rhoads, 1894); assimilis Nelson and Goldman, 1931; austerus (Baird, 1855); bairdii (Hoy and Kennicott, 1857); bairdii (Coues, 1877); balaclavae McCabe and Cowan, 1945; blandus Osgood, 1904; borealis Mearns, 1911 [renaming of arcticus Mearns, 1890]; canadensis (Miller, 1893); catalinae Elliot, 1903; cineritius J. A. Allen, 1898; clementis Mearns, 1896; coolidgei Thomas, 1898; deserticolus (Mearns, 1890); dorsalis Nelson and Goldman, 1931; dubius J. A. Allen, 1898; elusus Nelson and Goldman, 1931; eremus Osgood, 1909; exiguus J. A. Allen, 1898; exterus Nelson and Goldman, 1931; fulvus Osgood, 1904; gambelii (Baird, 1857); georgiensis Hall, 1938; geronimensis J. A. Allen, 1898; gracilis (Le Conte, 1855); gunnisoni Goldman, 1937; hollisteri Osgood, 1909; hueyi Nelson and Goldman, 1932; imperfectus Dice, 1925; inclarus Goldman, 1939; insolatus (Rhoads, 1894); labecula Elliot, 1903; luteus Osgood, 1905; magdalenae Osgood, 1909; margaritae Osgood, 1909; martinensis Nelson and Goldman, 1931; medius Mearns, 1896; nebrascensis (Coues, 1877); nebrascensis (Mearns, 1890); nubiterrae Rhoads, 1896; oresterus Elliot, 1903; osgoodi Mearns 1911 [renaming of nebrascensis Mearns, 1890]; ozarkiarum Black, 1935; pallescens J. A. Allen, 1896; perimekurus Elliot, 1903; plumbeus C. F. Jackson, 1939; rubidus Osgood, 1901; rufinus (Merriam, 1890); sanctaerosae von Bloeker, 1940; santacruzae Nelson and Goldman, 1931; saturatus Bangs, 1897; saxamans McCabe and Cowan, 1945; serratus Davis, 1939; sonoriensis (Le Conte, 1853); streatori Nelson and Goldman, 1931; subarcticus J. A. Allen, 1899; thurberi (J. A. Allen, 1893); umbrinus Miller, 1897	Panhandle of Alaska and across N Canada, south through most of continental USA, excluding the SE and E seaboard, to southernmost Baja California Sur and to NC Oaxaca, México; including many landbridge islands.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt) as P. m. anacapae and P. m. clementis, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	<p>P. maniculatus species group. A broadly distributed and morphologically highly variable form once confused with many taxa now reallocated to P. leucopus (see Osgood, 1909). Formerly included long-tailed populations in NW North America recently separated as P. keeni. Status and relationships of P. maniculatus have been extensively addressed with regard to P. keeni (or as its junior synonyms oreas and sitkensisAllard et al., 1987; Allard and Greenbaum, 1988; Gunn and Greenbaum, 1986; Hogan et al., 1993, 1997; Zheng et al., 2003), P. melanotis (Bowers, 1974; Bowers et al., 1973; Greenbaum and Baker, 1978), P. polionotus (Avise et al., 1979; Hogan et al., 1997; Robbins and Baker, 1981), and P. sejugis (Avise et al., 1979; Hafner et al., 2001; Hogan et al., 1997; Lawlor, 1983); see those accounts.</p><p>Regional studies of geographic variation have clarified dist... [truncated]	North American Deermouse
13000465	Peromyscus mayensis	Carleton and Huckaby 1975	SPECIES			mayensis		Peromyscus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	J. Mammal. vol.56 p.444			Known only from the type locality and close vicinity, WC Guatemala.	IUCN  Endangered.	P. furvus species group. Nearest specific relatives obscure; provisionally aligned with the P. furvus species group (Carleton, 1989).	Mayan Deermouse
13000466	Peromyscus megalops	Merriam 1898	SPECIES			megalops		Peromyscus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.12 p.119		auritus  Merriam, 1898; comptus Merriam, 1898.	Humid forests in mountains of C Guerrero, S and NC Oaxaca, México.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	P. megalops species group. Following Osgood (1909), Hall (1981) continued to maintain melanurus as a subspecies, a form that Huckaby (1980) documented as a species distinct from P. megalops. Distribution and ecology reviewed by Musser (1964); Briones-Salas et al. (2001) recently documented the species in the Sierra Mazteca, NC Oaxaca. Carleton (1989) observed Osgoods (1909) earlier arrangement of a megalops species group (including P. melanocarpus and P. melanurus) apart from the mexicanus species group; segregation from mexicanus complex receives support from genic data, but not including melanocarpus (Rogers and Engstrom, 1992).	Broad-faced Deermouse
13000467	Peromyscus mekisturus	Merriam 1898	SPECIES			mekisturus		Peromyscus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.12 p.124			SE Puebla, México.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	P. melanophrys species group. A distinctive species known only by two specimens, the type and one from Tehuacán, Puebla (Hooper, 1947). Provisionally retained with the melanophrys species group (Carleton, 1989).	Puebla Deermouse
13000468	Peromyscus melanocarpus	Osgood 1904	SPECIES			melanocarpus		Peromyscus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.17 p.73			Humid montane forests of Sierras de Zempoaltépec, Juárez, and Mazteca, ca. 1500-2500 m, NC Oaxaca, México.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Species group indeterminate. Restricted range and distinctive morphology substantiated by Huckaby (1980); recently documented in the Sierra Mazteca, NC Oaxaca, by Briones-Salas et al. (2001). Age, sex, and individual variation assessed by Cervantes et al. (1993b). Nearest specific relatives uncertain: initially segregated in the megalops species group apart from the mexicanus complex by Osgood (1909) and later Carleton (1989); or arranged within an expanded mexicanus species group by Hooper (1968) and Huckaby (1980). Neither of these associations finds support in phenetic and cladistic analyses of allozymes (Rogers and Engstrom, 1992), a result that leaves the species group assignment of melanocarpus as incertae sedis. See Rickart and Robertson (1985, Mammalian Species, 241).	Black-wristed Deermouse
13000498	Reithrodontomys brevirostris	Goodwin 1943	SPECIES			brevirostris	Aporodon	Reithrodontomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.1231 p.1		nicaraguae  Jones and Genoways, 1970.	Allopatric populations in highlands of NC Nicaragua (see Jones and Genoways, 1970) and C Costa Rica.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Aporodon, mexicanus species group. Status of the Nicaraguan form, which Jones and Genoways considered describing as a species, should be reevaluated. See Jones and Baldassarre (1982, Mammalian Species, 192).	Short-nosed Harvest Mouse
13000470	Peromyscus melanotis	J. A. Allen and Chapman 1897	SPECIES			melanotis		Peromyscus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.9 p.203		cecilii  Thomas, 1903; zamelas Osgood, 1904.	Cordillera Transvolcanica in C México (E Jalisco to C Veracruz), northwards along Sierra Madre Oriental to S Nuevo León and along Sierra Madre Occidental to W Chihuahua; isolated populations in SE Arizona, USA.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	P. maniculatus species group. Genetic, karyotypic, and geographic variation studied by Bowers et al. (1973), who included populations in S Arizona previously identified as P. maniculatus rufinus. However, see Hoffmeister (1986) who disputed their conclusions and maintained all Arizona populations as P. maniculatus. Bowers (1974) discerned no basis for subspecific divisions; geographic and nongeographic variation of populations inhabiting the Cordillera Transvolcanica evaluated by Martínez-Coronel et al. (1991).	Black-eared Deermouse
13000471	Peromyscus melanurus	Osgood 1909	SPECIES			melanurus		Peromyscus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	N. Am. Fauna vol.28 p.215			Pacific slopes of the Sierra Madre del Sur of Oaxaca, México.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	P. megalops species group. Although named as a subspecies of P. megalops, Huckaby (1980) substantiated the specific status and range of melanurus. Banded karyotype described by Smith et al. (1986).	Black-tailed Deermouse
13000472	Peromyscus merriami	Mearns 1896	SPECIES			merriami		Peromyscus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Preliminary diagnoses of new mammals from the Mexican border of the United States p.p. 2; preprint of Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 19:138		goldmani  Osgood, 1904.	SC Arizona, USA, through W Sonora to C Sinaloa, México.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	P. eremicus species group. Osgood (1909) placed merriami under P. eremicus, a synonymy overturned by Hoffmeister and Lee (1963a), who documented their sympatric occurrence and morphological differentiation. Geographic variation evaluated by Hoffmeister and Diersing (1973), who retained goldmani as a subspecies; Lawlor (1971b) did not. Generally related to to P. eremicus sensu lato (Avise et al., 1974; Lawlor, 1971a) and to P. pembertoni (Lawlor, 1971a, 1983); based on mitochondrial DNA sequences, viewed as cognate species to P. eremicus sensu stricto, which together form a sister group to the clade P. eva P. fraterculus (Riddle et al., 2000a, c). Includes the insular form dickeyi according to mitochondrial DNA (COIII) comparisons (Hafner et al., 2001).	Merriams Deermouse
13000511	Reithrodontomys paradoxus	Jones and Genoways 1970	SPECIES			paradoxus	Aporodon	Reithrodontomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Occas. Pap. W. Found. Vert. Zool. vol.2 p.12			Isolated records from SW Nicaragua and WC Costa Rica.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Aporodon, mexicanus species group. Morphologically closest to R. brevirostris; extent of distribution unknown. See Jones and Baldassarre (1982, Mammalian Species, 192).	Nicaraguan Harvest Mouse
13500164	Lepus europaeus subsp. judeae	Gray 1867	SUBSPECIES		judeae	europaeus	Eulagos	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13000473	Peromyscus mexicanus	Saussure 1860	SPECIES			mexicanus		Peromyscus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Rev. Mag. Zool. Paris, Ser. 2 vol.12 p.103		altilaneus  Osgood, 1904; angelensis Osgood, 1904; azulensis Goodwin, 1956; cacabatus Bangs, 1902; coatlanensis Goodwin, 1956; hesperus Harris, 1940; nicaraguae J. A. Allen, 1908; nudipes (J. A. Allen, 1891); orientalis Goodwin, 1938; orizabae Merriam, 1898; philombrius Dickey, 1928; putlaensis Goodwin, 1964; salvadorensis Dickey, 1928; sloeops Goodwin, 1955; teapensis Osgood, 1904; tehuantepecus Merriam, 1898; totontepecus Merriam, 1898; tropicalis Goodwin, 1932.	In México, along the Atlantic coast from S San Luis Potosí to the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, and along the Pacific coast, from the Guerrero-Oaxaca border to C Chiapas; upper foothills and middle-elevation mountains in Guatemala, through El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua, to highlands in Costa Rica and W Panamá (Chiriquí region).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>P. mexicanus species group. Geographic range, variation, and taxonomic synonymy summarized by Huckaby (1980), the species construct followed here. Includes forms formerly viewed as members of Osgoodomys banderanus (angelensis, coatlanensis, and sloeopssee Musser, 1969), P. guatemalensis (tropicalissee Musser, 1969), and P. megalops (azulensissee Huckaby, 1980); and see account of P. gymnotis, which had been arranged as a race of P. mexicanus. Euchromatic banding patterns identical in P. mexicanus and related species so far examined (Smith et al., 1986), and levels of genic divergence are similarly unremarkable (Rogers and Engstrom, 1992).</p><p>The conspecific status of populations now arranged under P. mexicanus direly needs corroboration. For one, the status of altilaneus, described by Osgood (1904) from Todos Santos, Guatemala, also... [truncated]	Mexican Deermouse
13000474	Peromyscus nasutus	J. A. Allen 1891	SPECIES			nasutus		Peromyscus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.3 p.229		griseus  Benson, 1932; penicillatus Mearns, 1896.	C Colorado and SE Utah, south through New Mexico and Trans-Pecos Texas, USA, to NW Coahuila, México.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	P. truei species group. Considered a distinct species (Osgood, 1909) until synonymized under P. difficilis by Hoffmeister and de la Torre (1961). Separated as a sibling species of P. difficilis by Zimmerman et al. (1975, 1978), as also recognized by Carleton (1989); however, the weak genic divergence persuaded Janecek (1990) to retain nasutus within P. difficilis. DeWalt et al. (1993b) also uncovered low levels of genetic divergence among attwateri, difficilis, and nasutus (e.g., less than P. gratus versus P. truei) but retained them as species, as did Tiemann-Boege et al. (2000) based on a broader survey of cytochrome b sequences among members of the boylii and truei species groups. Also see remarks under P. difficilis. Includes penicillatus, which Osgood (1909) had misclassified under P. boylii (see Diersing, 19... [truncated]	Northern Rock Deermouse
13000475	Peromyscus ochraventer	Baker 1951	SPECIES			ochraventer		Peromyscus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist. Misc. Publ. vol.5 p.213			Moist forests of S Tamaulipas and adjacent San Luis Potosí, México.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Species group indeterminate. Revised by Huckaby (1980) as part of the mexicanus species group (sensu Hooper, 1968), an assignment not supported by allozymic analyses (Rogers and Engstrom, 1992). Departs from conservative karyotypic pattern exhibited by species of the mexicanus group (Robbins and Baker, 1981; Smith et al., 1986). Provisionally assigned to the furvus species group by Carleton (1989), but this association too is questioned by cytochrome b data, which indicate P. ochraventer to be strongly divergent genetically from both P. furvus and mexicanus group species (P. mexicanus, P. melanocarpus) (Harris et al., 2000).	El Carrizo Deermouse
13500040	Ochotona hyperborea subsp. mantchurica	Thomas 1909	SUBSPECIES		mantchurica	hyperborea	Pika	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha							
13000476	Peromyscus pectoralis	Osgood 1904	SPECIES			pectoralis		Peromyscus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.17 p.59		collinus  Hooper, 1952; eremicoides Osgood, 1904; laceianus Bailey, 1906.	SE New Mexico and C Texas, USA, south along the Mexican Plateau and Cordillera Oriental to N Jalisco and Hidalgo, México.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Species group indeterminate. Although traditionally arranged as a member of the boylii species group (Carleton, 1989; Hooper, 1968; Osgood, 1909), a robust variety of other systematic data leaves the matter of its affinity as unresolved (e.g., Rogers et al., 1984; Sullivan and Kilpatrick, 1991; Tiemann-Boege et al., 2000). Revised by Schmidly (1972), who recognized three subspecies that correspond to patterns of genetic differentiation (Kilpatrick and Zimmerman, 1976); consanguinity of included populations nevertheless suspect (see Avise et al., 1974). See Schmidly (1974, Mammalian Species, 49).	White-ankled Deermouse
13000477	Peromyscus pembertoni	Burt 1932	SPECIES			pembertoni		Peromyscus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. vol.7 p.176			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN  Extinct.	P. eremicus species group. Derivation from a P. merriami-like ancestor postulated by Lawlor (1971a). Probably extinctsee Lawlor (1983) and Alvarez-Castañeda and Ortega-Rubio (2003). See Alvarez-Castañeda and Cortés-Calva (2003, Mammalian Species, 734).	Pembertons Deermouse
13000478	Peromyscus perfulvus	Osgood 1945	SPECIES			perfulvus		Peromyscus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	J. Mammal. vol.26 p.299		chrysopus  Hooper, 1955.	Coastal lowlands of Jalisco and Colima, along Río Balsas to interior Michocán and northernmost Guerrero, México.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	P. melanophrys species group. Placed with P. melanophrys group by Hooper (1968), an association supported by electrophoretic data (Schmidly et al., 1985). The geographic range and ecological affinity of P. perfulvus and Osgoodomys banderanus are tightly congruent and suggest similar biogeographic histories.	Tawny Deermouse
13000579	Akodon surdus	Thomas 1917	SPECIES			surdus	Akodon	Akodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Smithson. Misc. Coll. vol.68 4 p.2			E Andes of SE Perú.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Akodon. Retained as a species by Reig (1987), Myers (1989), and Hershkovitz (1990c), but considered a possible synonym of A. aerosus by Patton and Smith (1992); reconciliation of these differing treatments needed.	Slate-bellied Akodont
13000479	Peromyscus polionotus	Wagner 1843	SPECIES			polionotus		Peromyscus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Arch. Naturgesch. vol.9 2 p.52		albifrons  Osgood, 1909; allophrys Bowen, 1968; ammobates Bowen, 1968; arenarius Bangs, 1898; baliolus Bangs, 1898; colemani Schwartz, 1954; decoloratus A. H. Howell, 1939; griseobracatus Bowen, 1968; leucocephalus A. H. Howell, 1920; lucubrans Schwartz, 1954; niveiventris (Chapman, 1889); peninsularis A. H. Howell, 1939; phasma Bangs, 1898; rhoadsi Bangs, 1898; subgriseus (Chapman, 1893); sumneri Bowen, 1968; trissyllepsis Bowen, 1968.	SE USA, from SC Tennessee to W South Carolina, south through Alabama and Georgia, to panhandle and N peninsular Florida, USA.	U.S. ESA  Endangered as P. p. allophrys, P. p. ammobates, P. p. peninsularis, P. p. phasma, and P. p. trissyllepsis, Threatened and as P. p. niveiventris; IUCN  Extinct as P. p. decoloratus, Critically Endangered as P. p. trissyllepsis, Endangered as P. p. allophrys, P. p. ammobates, P. p. peninsularis, and P. p. phasma, Lower Risk (nt) as P. p. leucocephalus and P. p. niveiventris, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	P. maniculatus species group. Revised by Osgood (1909). Pleistocene origination of subspecies hypothesized by Bowen (1968); intraspecific genetic differentiation surveyed by Selander et al. (1971). See commentary on subspecific variation and ranges by Whitaker and Hamilton (1998), who considered colemani and subgriseus as inseparable from the nominate subspecies. Membership within maniculatus group and relationships to other Peromyscus assessed by Avise et al. (1979), Greenbaum et al. (1978), Rogers et al. (1984), and Stangl and Baker (1984b).	Oldfield Deermouse
13000480	Peromyscus polius	Osgood 1904	SPECIES			polius		Peromyscus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.17 p.61			WC Chihuahua, México.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Species group indeterminate. A distinctive species of enigmatic relationships: initially placed with the truei group (Osgood, 1909) but provisionally reassigned to the boylii group by Hoffmeister (1951; also see Bradley and Schmidly, 1987, and commentary by Anderson, 1972:348). Allozymic distance data weakly support the latter association (Bradley et al., 1996; Kilpatrick and Zimmerman, 1975; Schmidly et al., 1985), but mitochondrial DNA (cytochrome b) interpretations of its kinship are inconclusive (Tiemann-Boege et al., 2000).	Chihuahuan Deermouse
13000481	Peromyscus pseudocrinitus	Burt 1932	SPECIES			pseudocrinitus		Peromyscus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. vol.7 p.173			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	P. eremicus species group. Tentatively allocated to crinitus species group by Hooper (1968); affinities to P. eremicus asserted by Lawlor (1971a) and believed derived therefrom (Lawlor, 1983). See Alvarez-Castañeda (1998, Mammalian Species, 601).	Coronados Deermouse
13000482	Peromyscus sagax	Elliot 1903	SPECIES			sagax		Peromyscus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Field Columbian Mus. Publ. 71, Zool. Ser. vol.3 p.142			NC Michoacán, México; limits uncertain.		Species group indeterminate. Recognition long obscured as a full synonym first of P. truei gratus (Osgood, 1909) and later of P. boylii levipes (Hoffmeister, 1946), but morphometric, karyotypic, and electrophoretic information demonstrates the forms specific separation from P. boylii, P. levipes, and P. gratus (Bradley et al., 1996). Gene-sequence data indicate that P. sagax is as much differentiated from the boylii complex as from the aztecus and truei species groups (Tiemann-Boege et al., 2000).	Michoacán Deermouse
13000499	Reithrodontomys burti	Benson 1939	SPECIES			burti	Reithrodontomys	Reithrodontomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.52 p.147			WC Sonora to WC Sinaloa, México.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Reithrodontomys, megalotis species group. A relict species having close affinity to R. montanus (Hooper, 1952).	Sonoran Harvest Mouse
13000761	Oecomys rutilus	Anthony 1921	SPECIES			rutilus		Oecomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.19 p.4			Extreme E Venezuela, Guyana, Surinam, and French Guiana to Amazonas, Brazil (see Voss et al., 2001:Fig. 60).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Morphological separation from O. bicolor and distribution amplified by Voss et al. (2001).	Reddish Oecomys
13000483	Peromyscus sejugis	Burt 1932	SPECIES			sejugis		Peromyscus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. vol.7 p.171			Santa Cruz and San Diego Isls, S Gulf of California, México.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	P. maniculatus species group. Highly differentiated morphologically and allozymically from mainland P. maniculatus (Avise et al., 1974, 1979; Burt, 1932), though considered a derivative from a maniculatus like ancestor (Lawlor, 1983), a relationship supported by sequence data from several mitochondrial DNA genes (Hafner et al., 2001; Hogan et al., 1997). Banded karyotype described by Smith et al. (2000), who reported a unique heterochromatin addition in sejugis as compared with P. maniculatis and recommended retention of the former as species. Hafner et al. (2001:787), on the other hand, viewed the sequence divergence between the two as minimal and predicted that additional study "will demonstrate that P. sejugis should be included as a subspecies of P. maniculatus." Ultimate decision on its status will hinge upon a broader context of taxonomic inquiry that includes peninsular populations of P. manic... [truncated]	Santa Cruz Deermouse
13000484	Peromyscus simulus	Osgood 1904	SPECIES			simulus		Peromyscus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.17 p.64			Coastal plain and lower river valleys, sea level-200 m, from WC Sinaloa through W Nayarit, México.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	P. boylii species group. Previously classified as a geographic race of P. boylii (Hall, 1981; Osgood, 1909); elevated to species by Carleton (1977). Nongeographic and geographic variation evaluated by Schmidly and Bradley (1995), who provided new distributional records. Status and interspecific relationships within the boylii group addressed by Carleton et al. (1982), Bradley and Schmidly (1987), Sullivan et al. (1991), and Tiemann-Boege et al. (2000). See Roberts et al. (2001, Mammalian Species, 669).	Sinaloan Deermouse
13500165	Lepus europaeus subsp. karpathorum	Hilzheimer 1906	SUBSPECIES		karpathorum	europaeus	Eulagos	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13000485	Peromyscus slevini	Mailliard 1924	SPECIES			slevini		Peromyscus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. California Acad. Sci., ser. 4 vol.12 p.1221			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Species group indeterminate. Proposed derivation from a maniculatus like ancestor (Lawlor, 1983) has been questioned on morphological (Carleton, 1989), chromosomal (Smith et al., 2000), and genetic grounds (Hogan et al., 1997; Hafner et al., 2001). The latter molecular studies conflict in representing slevini either as a species cladistically basal to the P. leucopus P. maniculatus species groups (Hogan et al., 1997) or as another possible synonym of P. fraterculus (Hafner et al., 2001). Examination of vouchers used by Hafner et al. (2001) reveals those specimens (CIB 703-708, 711, 714-717) to be examples of P. fraterculus, not the species described by Mailliard (1924) and later reported by Burt (1934) based on his 1931 fieldwork (M. Carleton and T. Lawlor, in prep.). Those used by Hogan et al. (1997) and Smith et al. (2000) do prove to be P. slevini proper (specimens in TCWC). As noted by Carleton (198... [truncated]	Catalina Deermouse
13000486	Peromyscus spicilegus	J. A. Allen 1897	SPECIES			spicilegus		Peromyscus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.9 p.50			Low to middle elevations, 15-1980 m, along the W flanks of the Sierra Madre Occidental, México, from SE Sonora and extreme SW Chihuahua to NE Colima and WC Michoacán.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	P. aztecus species group. Arranged as a subspecies of P. boylii by Osgood (1909; and Hall, 1981). Morphological, chromosomal, molecular, and distributional data support its recognition as a species having closer affinity to P. aztecus and its allies (see Bradley and Schmidly, 1987; Carleton, 1977, 1979; Carleton et al., 1982; Hooper, 1968; Sullivan and Kilpatrick, 1991; Sullivan et al., 1997; Tiemann-Boege et al., 2000). Includes populations in Michoácan once identified as evides (see Carleton, 1977; Smith et al., 1989); Bradley et al. (1996) substantially extended the northern occurrence of the species as far as SE Sonora. Variation with altitude investigated by Sánchez-Cordero and Villa-Ramírez (1988); geographic and nongeographic variation evaluated by Bradley et al. (1996b), who regarded patterns and levels of interpopulational divergence as insufficient to delimit subspecies. See Roberts et al. (1998, Mammalian Species, 596).	Gleaning Deermouse
13000487	Peromyscus stephani	Townsend 1912	SPECIES			stephani		Peromyscus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.31 p.126			Known only from Isla San Esteban.	IUCN  Endangered.	P. boylii species group. Lawlor (1971a) demonstrated the boylii-like traits of P. stephani, which was previously classified in the subgenus Haplomylomys (Hooper, 1968), and favored its recognition as species. Electrophoretic investigations have sustained this affinity and status (Avise et al., 1974), but mitochondrial COIII gene sequences imply subspecific recognition within P. boylii (Hafner et al., 2001). In a denser taxonomic survey of boylii group forms, using the cytochrome b gene and including several subspecies of P. boylii sensu stricto, Tiemann-Boege et al. (2000) viewed P. stephani as sister taxon to the P. boylii-P. simulus clade and argued its status as species, an interpretation that best reflects the information sources so far consulted.	San Esteban Deermouse
13000488	Peromyscus stirtoni	Dickey 1928	SPECIES			stirtoni		Peromyscus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.41 p.5			Intermittently found in dry to semiarid lowlands of SE Guatemala, SE El Salvador, Honduras, and W Nicaragua.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	P. mexicanus species group. Although Hooper (1968) questioned the specific recognition of P. stirtoni, others have substantiated its distinctive morphology and habitat (Huckaby, 1980; Jones and Yates, 1983). Association with the mexicanus complex considered tentative by Carleton (1989), but G-banded karyotype identical to that reported for the core members of the mexicanus group (Peppers et al., 1999). Late Holocene remains from Guanacaste Prov., Costa Rica, have been interpreted as evidence of recent range contraction (Woodman, 1988), but new records of the species from nearby SW Nicaragua as much suggest inadequacy of basic field survey in parts of Central America (Woodman et al., 2002). See Jones (1990, Mammalian Species, 361).	Stirtons Deermouse
13400464	Clyomys bishopi	Ávila-Pires and Wutke 1981	SPECIES			bishopi		Clyomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Revta Bras. Biol. vol.41 p.530			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN  Vulnerable.		Bishops Fossorial Spiny Rat
13000489	Peromyscus truei	Shufeldt 1885	SPECIES			truei		Peromyscus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus. vol.8 p.407		chlorus  Hoffmeister, 1941; comanche Blair, 1943; dyselius Elliot, 1898; gilberti (J. A. Allen, 1893); hemionotis Elliot, 1903; lagunae Osgood, 1909; lasius Elliot, 1904; martirensis (J. A. Allen, 1893); megalotis Merriam, 1890; montipinoris Elliot, 1904; nevadensis Hall and Hoffmeister, 1940; preblei Bailey, 1936; sequoiensis Hoffmeister, 1941.	USA, SW and C Oregon to W and SE Colorado, south to N Baja California Norte (México), Arizona, and New Mexico; isolated populations in N Texas (comanche) and S Baja California Sur (lagunae).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt) as P. t. comanche, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	P. truei species group. Revised by Hoffmeister (1951), who included Mexican populations subsequently recognized as P. gratus (see above species account). Schmidly (1973) reallocated comanche as a geographic variant of P. truei, a synonymy supported by an array of information (e.g., DeWalt et al., 1993b; Janecek, 1990; Modi and Lee, 1984); localized distribution and conservation status of this subspecies addressed by Yancey et al. (1996). Geographic variation in pelage color among Great Basin populations evaluated by Carraway and Verts (2002), who discussed results apropos recognized subspecies. Range extension and locality records in Oregon verified by Carraway et al. (1993) and Verts and Carraway (1998:Fig. 11-79). See Hoffmeister (1981, Mammalian Species, 161).	Piñon Deermouse
13400601	Rhizoplagiodontia lemkei	Woods 1989	SPECIES			lemkei		Rhizoplagiodontia	Capromyidae	Rodentia	Los Angeles Co. Mus. Nat. Hist., Sci. Ser. vol.33 p.62			Endemic to SW Haiti in the Massif de la Hotte.	IUCN  Extinct.		Lemkes Hutia
13000490	Peromyscus winkelmanni	Carleton 1977	SPECIES			winkelmanni		Peromyscus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan vol.675 p.2			Isolated localities in the Sierra de Coalcomán, Michoacán, and in the Sierra Madre del Sur, Guerrero, México.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	P. aztecus species group. Karyotype reported by Smith et al. (1989); relationships evaluated by Bradley and Schmidly (1987), Sullivan and Kilpatrick (1991), and Sullivan et al. (1997). The occurrence of the species in Guerrero, as reported in several studies (e.g., Smith et al., 1989; Sullivan and Kilpatrick, 1991; Sullivan et al., 1997), seems biogeographically implausible; identification of these vouchers should be reconfirmed (We were unsuccessful in trying to locate them). Removed to aztecus species group by Carleton (1989), an allocation supported by other evidence (e.g., Sullivan et al., 1997; Tiemann-Boege et al., 2000).	Coalcomán Deermouse
13000491	Peromyscus yucatanicus	J. A. Allen and Chapman 1897	SPECIES			yucatanicus		Peromyscus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.9 p.8		badius  Osgood, 1904.	N Yucatán Peninsula, México.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	P. mexicanus species group. The notion that P. yucatanicus is most closely related to P. mexicanus (e.g., Hooper, 1968; Lawlor, 1965) has not found support from morphological information (Carleton, 1973; Huckaby, 1980); the weak differentiation in chromosomes and allozymes offers little resolution of their level of kinship, as is true among mexicanus group species in general (Rogers and Engstrom, 1992; Rogers et al., 1984; Smith et al., 1986). Huckaby (1980) followed Lawlor (1965) in treating P. yucatanicus as monotypic; Hall (1981) accepted Osgoods (1909) subspecific arrangement. See Young and Jones (1983, Mammalian Species, 196).	Yucatán Deermouse
13000492	Peromyscus zarhynchus	Merriam 1898	SPECIES			zarhynchus		Peromyscus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.12 p.117		cristobalensis  Merriam, 1898.	Middle to high elevation cloud forest, 1000-2900 m, in C and SE Chiapas, México.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	P. mexicanus species group. Distribution and morphological variation reviewed by Huckaby (1980). Allozymic (Rogers and Engstrom, 1992) and chromosomal (Smith et al., 1986) comparisons convey little differentiation of P. zarhynchus from other members of the mexicanus group. The recent report (Horath and Navarrete-Gutierrez, 1997) of P. zarhynchus from SE Chiapas, near the range of P. guatemalensis, invites additional study of their relationship and taxonomic status. See McClellan and Rogers (1997, Mammalian Species, 562).	Chiapan Deermouse
13000493	Podomys	Osgood 1909	GENUS					Podomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	N. Am. Fauna vol.28 p.226	Hesperomys floridanus Chapman, 1889.				Reithrodontomyini. Named as a subgenus of Peromyscus by Osgood (1909) and maintained as such by Hooper (1968). Carleton (1980, 1989) argued for generic recognition, a ranking disputed by others (Rogers et al., 1984; Stangl and Baker, 1984b). Various morphological features suggest relationship to Neotomodon and-or Habromys (Carleton, 1980; Hooper and Musser, 1964b; Linzey and Layne, 1969). Accessory reproductive glands and spermatozoan morphology described by Linzey and Layne (1969, 1974).	
13000494	Podomys floridanus	Chapman 1889	SPECIES			floridanus		Podomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.2 p.117			Allopatric segments in panhandle and peninsular Florida, USA.	IUCN  Vulnerable. Considered threatened by Florida agencies due to disappearance of scrub habitat (see Layne, 1990).	Smith et al. (1973) noted low heterozygosity levels within populations and high genetic similarity among them.	Florida Deermouse
13000495	Reithrodontomys	Giglioli 1874	GENUS					Reithrodontomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bull. Soc. Geogr. Ital., Roma vol.11 p.326	Reithrodon megalotis Baird, 1857.	Aporodon  Howell, 1914; Cudahyomys Hibbard, 1944; Ochetodon Coues, 1874.			<p>Reithrodontomyini. Genus viewed as closely related to Peromyscus, whether defined broadly (Hooper and Musser, 1964b) or narrowly (Carleton, 1980). Cladistic interpretations of banded chromosomes have not corroborated so close an affinity (Rogers et al., 1984; Stangl and Baker, 1984b), but those of mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences continue to support near kinship (Allard and Honeycutt, 1991; DElía, 2003; Engel et al., 1998; Smith and Patton, 1999), although the sampling of critical exemplars in the latter studies can be much improved.</p><p>Alpha taxonomy revised by Allen (1895), Howell (1914), and Hooper (1952), the last of whom framed the currently-used subgeneric division (Aporodon and Reithrodontomys) and species groups (megalotis, fulvescens, mexicanus, and tenuirostris). For comparative studies of morphology, see Arata (1964), Carleton (1973, 1980), and Hooper (1952, 1959); of karyology, see Carleton and My... [truncated]	
13000502	Reithrodontomys darienensis	Pearson 1939	SPECIES			darienensis	Aporodon	Reithrodontomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Not. Naturae, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.6 p.1			E Panamá, including Azuero Peninsula, and perhaps adjacent Colombia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Aporodon, mexicanus species group. Hooper (1952) viewed R. darienensis as closely related to R. gracilis.	Darien Harvest Mouse
13000508	Reithrodontomys mexicanus	Saussure 1860	SPECIES			mexicanus	Aporodon	Reithrodontomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Rev. Mag. Zool. Paris, Ser. 2 vol.12 p.109		cherrii  (J. A. Allen, 1891); costaricensis J. A. Allen, 1895; garichensis Enders and Pearson, 1940; goldmani Merriam, 1901; howelli Goodwin, 1932; jalapae Merriam, 1901; lucifrons A. H. Howell, 1932; milleri J. A. Allen, 1912; minusculus A. H. Howell, 1932; ocotepequensis Goodwin, 1937; orinus Hooper, 1949; potrerograndei Goodwin, 1945; riparius Hooper, 1955; scansor Hooper, 1950.	S Tamaulipas and WC Michoacán, México, south through Middle American highlands to W Panamá; Andes of W Colombia and N Ecuador.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Aporodon, mexicanus species group. A species composite requiring detailed revision, as underscored by the large genetic distances disclosed among Middle American populations and the polyphyly of nominal "mexicanus" in the resultant cladogram (Arellano et al., 2003).	Mexican Harvest Mouse
13000503	Reithrodontomys fulvescens	J. A. Allen 1894	SPECIES			fulvescens	Reithrodontomys	Reithrodontomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.6 p.319		amoenus  (Eliot, 1905); aurantius J. A. Allen, 1895; canus Benson, 1939; chiapensis A. H. Howell, 1914; chrysotis Elliot, 1899; difficilis Merriam, 1901; griseoflavus Merriam, 1901; helvolus Merriam, 1901; inexspectatus Elliot, 1903; infernatis Hooper, 1950; intermedius J. A. Allen, 1895; laceyi J. A. Allen, 1896; meridionalis Anderson and Jones, 1960; mustelinus A. H. Howell, 1914; nelsoni A. H. Howell, 1914; tenuis J. A. Allen, 1899; toltecus Merriam, 1901; tropicalis Davis, 1944.	SC Arizona, NC, S and E Texas, to SW Missouri and W Mississippi, USA; south through much of México, to W Nicaragua; excluding Yucatán Peninsula and Caribbean coastal lowlands.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Reithrodontomys, fulvescens species group. Chromosomal complement (2n = 50) interpreted as primitive for the genus (Robbins and Baker, 1980). Genetically strongly divergent from six other species of the subgenus Reithrodontomys based on cytochrome b sequences (Bell et al., 2001). Westerly dispersion along grassy railway borders onto Llano Estacado, NC Texas, documented by Yancey and Jones (1997); also see Peppers et al. (1998) for records of northward extension in Texas. Appreciable fixed allelic differences detected among certain samples from the US and Mexico advise the need for taxonomic review of included synonyms (Arellano et al., 2003; Arnold et al., 1983). See Spencer and Cameron (1982, Mammalian Species, 174).	Fulvous Harvest Mouse
13000504	Reithrodontomys gracilis	J. A. Allen and Chapman 1897	SPECIES			gracilis	Aporodon	Reithrodontomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.9 p.9		anthonyi  Goodwin, 1932; harrisi Goodwin, 1945; insularis Jones, 1964; pacificus Goodwin, 1932.	Yucatán Peninsula and coastal Chiapas, México, south along Pacific watershed to WC Costa Rica (see Reid and Langtimm, 1993).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Aporodon, mexicanus species group. In the allozymic study of Arellano et al. (2003), samples of R. gracilis emerged as paraphyletic with regard to R. spectabilis on Cozumel Isl; their results identify the need for critical review of the gracilis spectabilis complex. See Young and Jones (1984, Mammalian Species, 218).	Slender Harvest Mouse
13000505	Reithrodontomys hirsutus	Merriam 1901	SPECIES			hirsutus	Reithrodontomys	Reithrodontomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. vol.3 p.553		levipes  Merriam, 1901.	SC Nayarit and NW Jalisco, México.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Reithrodontomys, fulvescens species group.	Hairy Harvest Mouse
13000506	Reithrodontomys humulis	Audubon and Bachman 1841	SPECIES			humulis	Reithrodontomys	Reithrodontomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.1 p.97		carolinensis  (Audubon and Bachman, 1842); dickinsoni Rhoads, 1895; impiger Bangs, 1898; lecontii (Audubon and Bachman, 1842); merriami J. A. Allen, 1895; virginianus A. H. Howell, 1940.	SE USA, from E Oklahoma and E Texas eastwards to the Atlantic seaboard, from S Maryland to peninsular Florida.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Reithrodontomys, megalotis species group. The standard and banded karyotypes depart markedly from other species of the megalotis group, and substantial variation in fundamental numbers has been reported among populations (Bradley et al, 1988; Carleton and Myers, 1979; Engstrom et al., 1981; Robbins and Baker, 1980). Genetically strongly divergent from six other species of the subgenus Reithrodontomys based on cytochrome b sequences (Bell et al., 2001). Whitaker and Hamilton (1998) regarded the subspecies virginianus and humulis as broadly intergrading and synonymized the former; L. Choate and Jones (1998) mentioned possible westward expansion of R. h. merriami in Oklahoma. See Stalling (1997, Mammalian Species, 565).	Eastern Harvest Mouse
13000507	Reithrodontomys megalotis	Baird 1857	SPECIES			megalotis	Reithrodontomys	Reithrodontomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Mammalia in Repts. U.S. Expl. Surv. vol.8 1 p.451		alticolus  Merriam, 1901; amoles A. H. Howell, 1914; arizonensis J. A. Allen, 1895; aztecus J. A. Allen, 1893; caryi A. H. Howell, 1935; catalinae (Elliot, 1904); cinereus Merriam, 1901; deserti J. A. Allen, 1895; distichlis von Bloeker, 1937; dychei J. A. Allen, 1895; hooperi Goodwin, 1954; klamathensis Merriam, 1899; limicola von Bloeker, 1932; longicaudus (Baird, 1857); nebrascensis J. A. Allen, 1895; nigrescens A. H. Howell, 1914; pallidus Rhoads, 1893; pectoralis Hanson, 1944; peninsulae (Elliot, 1903); ravus Goldman, 1939; santacruzae Pearson, 1951; saturatus J. A. Allen and Chapman, 1897; sestinensis J. A. Allen, 1903.	SC British Columbia and SE Alberta, Canada; through much of W and NC USA; south to N Baja California Norte and through interior México to C Oaxaca.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Reithrodontomys, megalotis species group. Formerly included R. zacatecae, which Hood et al. (1984) identified as a separate species. The substantial chromosomal variation reported (see Engstrom et al., 1981) cautions that yet other species are lumped under R. megalotis. Multivariate discrimination from R. montanus in Kansas demonstrated by Hoofer et al. (1999). Recent range expansions into NE Illinois (see Pigage and Pigage, 1994) and within N Texas (Yancey and Jones, 1997) reported; L. Choate (1997) discussed the clinal intergradation between the subspecies aztecus and megalotis on the Llano Estacado, Texas-New Mexico; southern range extension on Baja Peninsula reported by Rios and Alvarez-Castañeda (2002). See Webster and Jones (1982, Mammalian Species, 167).	Western Harvest Mouse
13000567	Akodon neocenus	Thomas 1919	SPECIES			neocenus	Akodon	Akodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.3 p.213			WC Argentina; limits unknown.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Akodon, A. varius species group (Myers, 1989). A subspecies of A. varius according to Cabrera (1961); a species more closely related to A. dolores or A. toba according to Myers (1989).	Neuquén Akodont
13000580	Akodon sylvanus	Thomas 1921	SPECIES			sylvanus	Akodon	Akodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.7 p.184			NW Argentina.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Akodon. Retained as a species until Cabrera (1961) synonymized it as a race of A. azarae; Myers (1989) tentatively listed sylvanus and azarae as separate species. Formerly included pervalens (see that account).	Woodland Akodont
13000515	Reithrodontomys sumichrasti	Saussure 1861	SPECIES			sumichrasti	Reithrodontomys	Reithrodontomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Rev. Mag. Zool. Paris, Ser. 2 vol.13 p.3		alleni  A. H. Howell, 1914; australis J. A. Allen, 1895; dorsalis Merriam, 1901; luteolus A. H. Howell, 1914; modestus Thomas, 1907; nerterus Merriam, 1901; otus Merriam, 1901; rufescens J. A. Allen and Chapman, 1897; seclusus Hall and Villa, 1949; underwoodi Goodwin, 1937; vulcanius Bangs, 1902.	Allopatric segments in Middle American highlands: SW Jalisco and S San Luis Potosí to C Guerrero and EC Oaxaca, México; C Chiapas, México, to NC Nicaragua; C Costa Rica to W Panamá.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Reithrodontomys, megalotis species group. Reconstruction of historical biogeography based on mitochondrial DNA sequence data intimates that "sumichrasti" as defined by Hooper (1952) is a composite of two or more species (Sullivan et al., 2000), a finding that should be expanded within the context of a full revision. Sister species (sensu lato) to the R. megalotis R. zacatecae clade based on cytochrome­ b data (Bell et al., 2001).	Sumichrasts Harvest Mouse
13000585	Amphinectomys savamis	Malygin 1994	SPECIES			savamis		Amphinectomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	(in Malygin et al., 1994) Zool. Zhur. vol.73 p.203			Known only by the holotype.			Ucayali Water Rat
13000516	Reithrodontomys tenuirostris	Merriam 1901	SPECIES			tenuirostris	Aporodon	Reithrodontomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. vol.3 p.547		aureus  Merriam, 1901.	Mountains of Chiapas, México, and C Guatemala (see Arellano and Rogers, 1994:Fig. 3; Rogers et al., 1983).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Aporodon, tenuirostris species group. Karyotype similar to those of R. creper and R. mexicanus (Rogers et al., 1983). See Arellano and Rogers (1994, Mammalian Species, 477).	Narrow-nosed Harvest Mouse
13000517	Reithrodontomys zacatecae	Merriam 1901	SPECIES			zacatecae	Reithrodontomys	Reithrodontomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. vol.3 p.557		obscurus  Merriam, 1901.	W Chihuahua to WC Michoacán, México.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Reithrodontomys, megalotis species group. Hooper (1952) noted the phenetic distinction of zacatecae from R. megalotis saturatus in Jalisco and Michoacán but elected to retain it as a subspecies. Karyotypic divergence of zacatecae reported by Hood et al. (1984), who proposed its elevation to species; status sustained by genetic distance levels, as sister species to R. megalotis (Bell et al., 2001). Distributional limits, morphological discrimination, and assignment of species-group synonyms deserve amplification.	Zacatecan Harvest Mouse
13000518	Scotinomys	Thomas 1913	GENUS					Scotinomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.11 p.408	Hesperomys teguina Alston, 1877.				Baiomyini. Until diagnosed by Thomas, species associated here had been affiliated with Akodon (e.g., Bangs, 1902) and later the genus with akodontines (Vorontsov, 1959). Common ancestry with Baiomys inferred on the basis of shared morphological traits (Carleton, 1980; Carleton et al., 1975; Hooper, 1960; Hooper and Musser, 1964b) and phylogenetic evaluation of mitochondrial and nuclear genes (DElía, 2003; Engel et al., 1998), a relationship weakened by karyological banding data (Rogers and Heske, 1984). Also see comments under Baiomys. Revised by Hooper (1972); for other aspects of biology and systematics, see Carleton et al. (1975), Hooper and Carleton (1976), and Rogers and Heske (1984).	
13000519	Scotinomys teguina	Alston 1876 "1877"	SPECIES			teguina		Scotinomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1876 p.755		apricus  (Bangs, 1902); cacabatus Goodwin, 1945; endersi Goodwin, 1946; episcopi Enders and Pearson, 1939; escazuensis Goodwin, 1945; garichensis Enders and Pearson, 1939; irazu (J. A Allen, 1904); leridensis Enders and Pearson, 1939; rufoniger Sanborn, 1935; stenopygius Buchanan and Howell, 1967; subnubilis Goldman, 1935.	Intermediate elevations of Middle America from E Oaxaca, México, to W Panamá.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Level of differentiation and status of populations north (teguina) and south (irazu) of the Nicaraguan Depression merit reconsideration. Hooper (1972) recognized four subspecies.	Short-tailed Singing Mouse
13500166	Lepus europaeus subsp. medius	Nilsson 1820	SUBSPECIES		medius	europaeus	Eulagos	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13000521	Xenomys	Merriam 1892	GENUS					Xenomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.7 p.160	Xenomys nelsoni Merriam, 1892.				Neotomini. Retained as a genus since its description. Among woodrats believed to share common ancestry with Hodomys (Carleton, 1980); banded karyotype reported by Haiduk et al. (1988), who noted its resemblance to those of Onychomys and Peromyscus; restriction-site analyses of mitochrondrial DNA portrayed Xenomys and Ototylomys as a clade basal to nine Neotoma species studied, including N. cinerea (subgenus Teonoma) and N. phenax (subgenus Teanopus) (Planz et al., 1996). Sister-group kinship with Hodomys and generic rank reaffirmed based on broad molecular survey (cytochrome b) of Neotoma species, including N. (Teonoma) cinerea (Edwards and Bradley, 2002b).	
13000522	Xenomys nelsoni	Merriam 1892	SPECIES			nelsoni		Xenomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.7 p.161			Tropical coastal lowlands, sea level-450 m, of Colima and SW Jalisco, México.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Most natural history information contained in the reports of Schaldach (1960) and Ceballos (1990). See Ceballos et al. (2002b, Mammalian Species No. 704).	Magdalena Woodrat
13000740	Neusticomys monticolus	Anthony 1921	SPECIES			monticolus		Neusticomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.20 p.2			Andes, ca. 1800-3750 m, of W Colombia and N Ecuador.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Taxonomy and distribution reviewed by Voss (1988), who noted the probably lower elevation of the type locality at 8580 ft (2615 m).	Montane Ichthyomyine
13000523	Sigmodontinae	Wagner 1843	SUBFAMILY						Cricetidae	Rodentia	In Schreber, Die Säugethiere vol.Suppl. 3 p.398		Akodontini Vorontsov, 1959; Hesperomyinae Murray, 1866 (Hesperomyes Winge, 1887; Hesperomyidae Ameghino, 1889; Hesperomyini, Simpson, 1945); Ichthyomyini Vorontsov, 1959; Oryzomyini Vorontsov, 1959; Phyllotiini Vorontsov, 1959 (Phyllotini Reig, 1980); Reithrodonini Vorontsov, 1959 (Reithrodontini Reig, 1980; Reithrodontina, Steppan, 1995); Scapteromyini Massoia, 1979; Sigmodontes Wagner, 1843 (Sigmodontinae Thomas, 1896; Sigmodonini Vorontsov, 1959; Sigmodontini Hershkovitz, 1966); Thomasomyini Steadman and Ray, 1982; Wiedomyini Reig, 1980; Zygodontomyini Eisenberg, 1989 [nomen nudum ].			<p>Priority of family-group name Sigmodontinae, dating from Sigmodontes Wagner, 1843, established by Hershkovitz (1966c) and Reig (1980). Taxonomic and nomenclatural histories of many forms compiled by Tate (1932a-h). Comprehensive and influential alpha-level classifications presented by Gyldenstolpe (1932), Ellerman (1941), and Cabrera (1961). The studies of Carleton (1980), Gardner and Patton (1976), Hershkovitz (1962, 1966b, c), Hooper and Musser (1964), and Reig (1980, 1981, 1984, 1987) contain information on higher-level relationships and classificatory arrangements. For critical overviews of phylogenetic and biogeographic issues, see Hershkovitz (1966b, 1972), Reig (1981, 1984, 1986), DElía (2000, 2003), and Pardiñas et al. (2002). Also see commentaries for Neotominae and Tylomyinae, whose genera were formerly arranged within Sigmodontinae, with or without indication of tribal distinction (Carleton and Musser, 1984; McKenna and Bell, 1997; Muss... [truncated]	
13000524	Abrawayaomys	Souza Cunha and Cruz 1979	GENUS					Abrawayaomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bol. Mus. Biol. Prof. Mello-Leitao Zool. vol.96 p.2	Abrawayaomys ruschii Cunha and Cruz, 1979.				Sigmodontinae incertae sedis. Diagnostic traits seem to combine aspects of Neacomys, Oryzomys, and Akodon, and both Reig (1987) and Smith and Patton (1999) acknowledged the enigmatic affinities of Abrawayaomys as uncertain. Certain cranial features of Abrawayaomys suggest an archaic "thomasomyine," perhaps distantly related to the other endemic genera of SE Brazil (e.g., see comments under Delomys).	
13000525	Abrawayaomys ruschii	Cunha and Cruz 1979	SPECIES			ruschii		Abrawayaomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bol. Mus. Biol. Prof. Mello-Leitao Zool. vol.96 p.2			Known from scattered localities in Espírito Santo and Minas Gerais, Brazil, and Misiones Prov., Argentina (see Massoia et al., 1991).	IUCN  Endangered.		Ruschis Rat
13000526	Abrothrix	Waterhouse 1837	GENUS					Abrothrix	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1837 p.21	Mus longipilis Waterhouse, 1837.	Chroeomys  Thomas, 1916; Habrothrix Wagner, 1843 [misspelling].			<p>Akodontini (S Andean clade). An assemblage of species whose level of taxonomic recognition has come full circle: early employed as a genus (Gyldenstolpe, 1932; Thomas, 1916); later viewed as subgenus of Akodon (Cabrera, 1961; Ellerman, 1941; Musser and Carleton, 1993; Reig, 1978, 1981, 1987) or even a full synonym of Microxus (Hershkovitz, 1966c); and recently reinstated to genus based on congruence of morphological, karyological, and genetic traits that set it apart from typical Akodon (Apfelbaum and Reig, 1989; Barrantes et al., 1993; Gallardo et al., 1988; Smith and Patton, 1993, 1999; Spotorno et al., 1990). See Reig (1987), Spotorno et al. (1990), and Barrantes et al. (1993) for a review of the treatment of Abrothrix and its specific contents. Sister genus to the long-clawed akodonts (Chelemys, etc.) according to cladistic interpretations of allozymic and cytochrome b data (Barrantes et al., 1993; DElía, 2003; DElía et al., 200... [truncated]	
13000527	Abrothrix andinus	Philippi 1858	SPECIES			andinus		Abrothrix	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Arch. Naturgesh. vol.23 1 p.77		cinnamomea  (Philippi, 1896); dolichonyx (Philippi, 1896); gossei (Thomas, 1920); jucundus (Thomas, 1913); polius Osgood, 1944.	Altiplano, generally above 3500 m, from SC Perú, through extreme W Bolivia, to NW Argentina and C Chile (as far as 34ºS; Muñoz Pedreros, 2000).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Chroeomys andinus.	Anderson (1997) employed dolichonyx as subspecies for Bolivian populations but emphasized the need for fresh evaluation of intraspecific variation.	Andean Akodont
13000528	Abrothrix hershkovitzi	Patterson, Gallardo, and Freas 1984	SPECIES			hershkovitzi		Abrothrix	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Fieldiana Zool., N. S. vol.23 p.8			Outer islands of the Chilean Archipelago.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Akodon hershkovitzi.	A member of A. (Akodon) after Patterson et al. (1984) and also Muñoz Pedreros (2000); subgenus or genus Abrothrix according to Reig (1987) and others (e.g., Pearson and Smith, 1999; Smith and Patton, 1999). Pearson and Smith (1999) suspected that hershkovitzi will prove to be another synonym of A. olivaceus, including xanthorhinus; this possibility should be demonstrated rather than assumed in view of the morphological separation presented in its diagnosis (Patterson et al., 1984).	Hershkovitzs Akodont
13000529	Abrothrix illuteus	Thomas 1925	SPECIES			illuteus		Abrothrix	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.15 p.582			NW Argentina (Jujuy, Tucumán, and Catamarca; see Díaz, 2000; Mares et al., 1997).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Akodon illuteus..	Variably placed with Abrothrix, usually as a subgenus (Cabrera, 1961; Reig, 1987), or with Akodon sensu stricto (Gardner and Patton, 1976). Morphological and karyological resemblances to other species of Abrothrix affirmed by Liascovich et al. (1989).	Gray Akodont
13000530	Abrothrix jelskii	Thomas 1894	SPECIES			jelskii		Abrothrix	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.14 p.360		bacchante  (Thomas, 1902); cayllomae (Thomas, 1901); cruceri (Thomas, 1901); inambarii (Thomas, 1901); inornatus (Thomas, 1917); ochrotis (Sanborn, 1947); pulcherrimus (Thomas, 1897); pyrrhotis (Thomas, 1894); scalops (Thomas, 1884); sodalis (Thomas, 1913).	Altiplano, about 2200-5000 m, from C Perú (see Arana-Cardó and Ascorra, 1994) to W Bolivia and NW Argentina.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Chroeomys jelskii.	Revised by Sanborn (1947b); Anderson (1997) observed Sanborns subspecific boundaries for Bolivian samples. Patton and Smith (1992) questioned whether chromatically highly differentiated northern and southern populations really belong to a single species.	Ornate Akodont
13000531	Abrothrix lanosus	Thomas 1897	SPECIES			lanosus		Abrothrix	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.20 p.218			Southernmost Chile and Argentina, as far north as NW Santa Cruz Prov. (see Galliari and Pardiñas, 1999).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Akodon lanosis.	Relegated to a subspecies of A. longipilis by Mann (1978) but others have affirmed its specific status (Osgood, 1943; Yañez et al., 1978). Earlier associated with Microxus (e.g., Gyldenstolpe, 1932) but later allocated to subgenus Abrothrix of Akodon (Osgood, 1943; Reig, 1987); maintained with Akodon by Muñoz Pedreros (2000).	Woolly Akodont
13000549	Akodon boliviensis	Meyen 1833	SPECIES			boliviensis	Akodon	Akodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Verhandl. Kais. Leop.-Carol. Akad. Wiss. vol.16 2 p.600, pl. 43, fig. 1		pacificus  Thomas, 1902.	Altiplano of SE Perú to SC Bolivia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Akodon, A. boliviensis species group (Myers et al., 1990). Karyology and geographic variation evaluated by Myers et al. (1990), who more narrowly defined the morphological and distributional boundaries of A. boliviensis, excluding spegazzinii and subfuscus, forms which had been arranged as subspecies (e.g., Cabrera, 1961). Southern range limits poorly understood (see Myers et al., 1990).	Bolivian Akodont
13000532	Abrothrix longipilis	Waterhouse 1837	SPECIES			longipilis		Abrothrix	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1837 p.16		angustus  (Thomas, 1927); apta (Osgood, 1943); brachytarsus (Philippi, 1900); castaneus Osgood, 1943; francei (Thomas, 1908); fusco-ater (Philippi, 1900); hirtus (Thomas, 1895); melampus (Philippi, 1900); modestior Thomas, 1919; moerens Thomas, 1919; nubila Thomas, 1929; porcinus (Philippi, 1858); suffusus (Thomas, 1903).	C to S Chile and Argentina.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Akodon longipilis.	Species closely related to, perhaps conspecific with sanborni (see Osgood, 1943; Pine et al., 1979); also see A. lanosus. Pearson (1984) assigned Chelemys angustus to synonymy of A. longipilis; other synonyms follow Osgood (1943) and Reig (1987). Subspecific distributions in Chile sketched by Muñoz Pedreras (2000); easternmost records in Patagonian Argentina (Río Negro and Chubut Provs.) reported by Teta et al. (2002).	Long-haired Akodont
13000533	Abrothrix markhami	Pine 1973	SPECIES			markhami		Abrothrix	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Inst. Patagonia vol.4 1-3 p.423-426			Isla Wellington, S Chile.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Akodon markhami.	Considered a species of the subgenus Akodon by its describer (also Muñoz Pedreros, 2000); referred to Abrothrix by Smith and Patton (1999).	Wellington Akodont
13000534	Abrothrix olivaceus	Waterhouse 1837	SPECIES			olivaceus		Abrothrix	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1837 p.16		atratus  (Philippi, 1900); beatus Thomas, 1919; brachiotis (Waterhouse, 1837); brevicaudatus (Philippi, 1872); canescens (Waterhouse, 1837); chonoticus (Philippi, 1900); foncki (Philippi, 1900); germaini (Philippi, 1900); infans (Philippi, 1900); landbecki (Philippi, 1900); lepturus (Philippi, 1900); llanoi Pine, 1976; longibarbus (Philippi, 1900); macronychos (Philippi, 1900); mansoensis (De Santis and Justo, 1980); mochae (Philippi, 1900); nasica (Philippi, 1900); nemoralis (Philippi, 1900); pencanus (Philippi, 1900); psilurus (Philippi, 1900); renggeri (Waterhouse, 1839); ruficaudus (Philippi, 1900); senilis (Philippi, 1900); trichotis (Philippi, 1900); vinealis (Philippi, 1900); xanthopus (Philippi, 1900); xanthorhinus (Waterhouse, 1837).	N Chile, south through C Chile and bordering area of westernmost Argentina, to Patagonian region of S Chile and Argentina, including Tierra del Fuego.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Akodon olivaceus, Akodon mansoensis, and Akodon xanthorhinus.	<p>Systematists have either viewed olivaceus and xanthorhinus as distinct species, based on their apparent morphological and ecological separation in local settings (Osgood, 1943; Patterson et al., 1984; Pearson, 1995); or treated olivaceus as a polytypic species, also embracing southern xanthorhinus, based on broader regional trends of morphological and morphometric variation (Mann, 1978; Yañez et al., 1979). In an allozymic study drawing upon limited geographic sampling, Barrantes et al. (1993) depicted xanthorhinus as more differentiated from A. longipilis than is olivaceus and represented the three as species. Recently, detailed transects in two regions where Valdivian rainforest (olivaceus morphotype) grades into Patagonian steppe (xanthorhinus morphotype) have disclosed evidence of demic intergradation, results that strongly argue their synonymy (Smith et al., 2001; Pearson and Smith, 1999). Smith et al. (2001)... [truncated]	Olive-colored Akodont
13000535	Abrothrix sanborni	Osgood 1943	SPECIES			sanborni		Abrothrix	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser. vol.30 p.194			S Chile and possibly adjacent Argentina.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Akodon sanborni.	Perhaps conspecific with A. longipilis, a possibility that requires formal documentation (see Pearson, 1995; Pine et al., 1979).	Sanborns Akodont
13000536	Aepeomys	Thomas 1898	GENUS					Aepeomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.1 p.452	Oryzomys lugens Thomas, 1896.				Thomasomyini. Synonymized under Thomasomys by Osgood (1933c), an arrangement followed by Ellerman (1941), Cabrera (1961), and Handley (1976); generic status maintained by Gyldenstolpe (1932), Gardner and Patton (1976), and Musser and Carleton (1993). Morphological recognition contrasted to Thomasomys sensu stricto by Ochoa G. et al. (2001); karyology reported by Gardner and Patton (1976) and Aguilera et al. (1994, 2000). Diagnosis and specific contents amended by Voss et al. (2002), who removed Aepeomys fuscatus J. A. Allen (1912) to Handleyomys and Aepeomys vulcani Thomas (1898) to Thomasomys (see those accounts).	
13000537	Aepeomys lugens	Thomas 1896	SPECIES			lugens		Aepeomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.18 p.306		ottleyi  (Anthony, 1932).	Mérida Andes of Venezuela to Andean Ecuador.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Karyotype (2n = 28) reported by Aguilera et al. (2000), who noted its strong divergence from other Venezuelan series (2n = 44) later described as A. reigi (see next). Voss et al. (2002) confirmed the allocation of ottleyi as an example of A. lugens.	Mérida Aepeomys
13600049	Paraechinus hypomelas subsp. sabaeus	Thomas 1922	SUBSPECIES		sabaeus	hypomelas		Paraechinus	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha							
13000548	Akodon bogotensis	Thomas 1895	SPECIES			bogotensis	See comments.	Akodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.16 p.369			Andes of NW Venezuela, E and C Colombia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	This form has been conventionally treated as a member of Microxus (e.g., Cabrera, 1961). As noted by Patton et al. (1989), the representation of Microxus as generically distinct from Akodon is more often based on traits of the Andean species bogotensis (e.g., Linares, 1998), not the type species of Microxus (= Akodon mimus; see below). If not a Microxus, the distinctiveness of bogotensis remains an issue (e.g., see Reig, 1987; Ventura et al., 2000), and like those authors, we are impressed by the non>Akodon characteristics of the species. Attention to other possible phylogenetic connections may prove fruitful: e.g., Pérez-Zapata et al. (1992) have identified certain similarities between bogotensis and Podoxomys roraimae. Male reproductive glands described by Voss and Linzey (1981), who noted that the species possessed a single pair of ventral prostates compared with two in most akodonts dissected.	Bogotá Akodont
13000539	Akodon	Meyen 1833	GENUS					Akodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Verhandl. Kais. Leop.-Carol. Akad. Wiss. vol.16 2 p.599	Akodon boliviensis Meyen, 1833.	Acodon  Agassiz, 1846; Axodon Giebel, 1855; Chalcomys Thomas, 1916; Hypsimys Thomas, 1918; Microxus Thomas, 1909; Plectomys Borchert and Hansen, 1983 [nomen nudum as per Hershkovitz, 1990c].			<p>Akodontini. The morphotypical akodontine genus stands at the nexus of a host of specific-and generic-level taxonomic problems, but a review of all classificatory variations would be more confusing than enlightening. The nomenclatural history of the following genus-group taxa has been significantly, at times confusingly, intertwined with that of Akodon: Abrothrix, Bolomys, Chalcomys, Chroeomys, Deltamys, Hypsimys, Microxus, Necromys, Thalpomys, and Thaptomys (especially see Cabrera, 1961; Ellerman, 1941; Gyldenstolpe, 1932; Massoia and Pardiñas, 1993; Reig, 1984, 1987; Tate, 1932g; Thomas, 1916c). See accounts of Abrothrix (including Chroeomys), Deltamys, Necromys (including Bolomys), Thalpomys, and Thaptomys for history and arguments on their generic status. Divorced of these taxa, those Akodon species thus far surveyed in allozymic and g... [truncated]	
13000540	Akodon	Meyen 1833	SUBGENUS				Akodon	Akodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Verhandl. Kais. Leop.-Carol. Akad. Wiss. vol.16 2 p.599	Akodon boliviensis Meyen, 1833.					
13000541	Hypsimys	Thomas 1918	SUBGENUS				Hypsimys	Akodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia							
13000542	Microxus	Thomas 1909	SUBGENUS				Microxus	Akodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia							
13000543	Akodon aerosus	Thomas 1913	SPECIES			aerosus	See comments.	Akodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.11 p.406		baliolus  Osgood, 1915.	Upper montane forests along E Andean slopes, 1200-2000 m, in Ecuador, Perú, and C Bolivia (Anderson, 1997; Patton and Smith, 1992).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Type species of Chalcomys, usually placed as a synonym of the subgenus Akodon (Cabrera, 1961; Reig, 1987). Formerly included as a subspecies of A. urichi by Cabrera (1961), but Gardner and Patton (1976), noting the pronounced difference in diploid number, listed the two as separate species; we include urichi under Necromys (see that account). Probably more than one species yet masquerades under the name of A. aerosus (see Patton and Smith, 1992; Patton et al., 1990); status of surdus as a possible junior synonym needs resolution (see Patton and Smith, 1992). Anderson (1997) recognized baliolus as a valid subspecies for Bolivian populations.	Yungas Akodont
13000544	Akodon affinis	J. A. Allen 1912	SPECIES			affinis	Akodon	Akodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.31 p.89		tolimae  J. A. Allen, 1913.	Cordillera Occidental of W Colombia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Akodon. Tentatively affiliated with Microxus by Gyldenstolpe (1932), but Anthony (1924) had intimated its membership in Akodon and Cabrera (1961) arranged it as such.	Cordillera Occidental Akodont
13500167	Lepus europaeus subsp. occidentalis	de Winton 1898	SUBSPECIES		occidentalis	europaeus	Eulagos	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13000545	Akodon albiventer	Thomas 1897	SPECIES			albiventer	Akodon	Akodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.20 p.217		berlepschii  Thomas, 1898.	SE Perú, through SW Bolivia, to N Argentina and extreme NE Chile.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Akodon. Sometimes referenced as a member of Bolomys (Bianchi et al., 1971; Gardner and Patton, 1976), but its inclusion, together with berlepschii, within Akodon proper is more strongly supported based on morphlogical comparisons and molecular analyses (DElía et al., 2003; Pine et al., 1979; Reig, 1987). Anderson (1997) retained berlepschii as a valid subspecies.	White-bellied Akodont
13000546	Akodon aliquantulus	Díaz, Barquez, Braun, and Mares 1999	SPECIES			aliquantulus	Akodon	Akodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	J. Mammal. vol.80 p.788			Known only from the type locality.		Subgenus Akodon, A. boliviensis species group (Myers et al., 1990). A small species related to A. puer (here = A. lutescens) but morphological differentiation from that form unimpressive based on multivariate ordinations and univariate overlap (Díaz et al., 1999:Fig. 2, Table 1). The differing treatments of species limits and affinities among these small akodonts (especially aliquantulus, alterus, boliviensis, caenosus, lutescens, spegazzinii, subfuscus, and tucumanensissee Hershkovitz, 1990c, vis a vis Myers et al., 1990, and overview by Díaz et al., 1999) signal the need for concerted regional examination using multiple data sources, larger sample sizes, specimens from intermediate regions, and detailed transects across habitat types, e.g., following the revisionary model of Myers et al. (1990).	Diminutive Akodont
13000547	Akodon azarae	Fischer 1829	SPECIES			azarae	Akodon	Akodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Synopsis Mamm. p.325		arenicola  (Waterhouse, 1837); bibianae Massoia, 1971; hunteri Thomas, 1917.	NE and EC Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, and extreme S Brazil.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Akodon, A. boliviensis species group (Hershkovitz, 1990c). Olrog and Lucero (1981) maintained arenicola as a species distinct from A. azarae, but karyotypic and other data support their union (Vitullo et al., 1986; Ximenez et al., 1972). Species documented in the early-middle Pleistocene of Argentina by Pardiñas (1993), who discussed its biogeographic implications.	Azaras Akodont
13000550	Akodon budini	Thomas 1918	SPECIES			budini	Hypsimys	Akodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.1 p.191		deceptor  (Thomas, 1921).	Mountains of NW Argentina and SC Bolivia (see Emmons, 1997).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Type species of Hypsimys, which Cabrera (1961), Reig (1987), and Smith and Patton (1999) recognized as a subgenus of Akodon; listed as a genus by Galliari et al. (1996) without comment. Karyotype reported by Vitullo et al. (1986) and biochemical divergence by Apfelbaum and Reig (1989).	Budins Akodont
13000551	Akodon cursor	Winge 1887	SPECIES			cursor	Akodon	Akodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	E Museo Lundii vol.1 3 p.25			Atlantic Forest formations in SE Brazil (Bahia to Paraná) and perhaps NE Argentina (Misiones Prov., see Pardiñas et al., 2003a); limits uncertain.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Akodon, A. mollis species group (Hershkovitz, 1990c) or A. cursor species group (Geise et al., 2001; Rieger et al., 1995). Earlier recognized as a subspecies of arviculoides (e.g., Cabrera, 1961; Gyldenstolpe, 1932), which Reig (1978, 1987) reallocated to Bolomys lasiurus (see Necromys). Species characterized by an unusually low diploid number (2n = 14-15) and exhibiting substantial chromosomal variation (Fagundes et al., 1998; Sbalqueiro and Nascimento, 1996); however, as noted by Geise et al. (2001), application of cursor to this karyomorph (2n = 14-15, FN = 18-20) requires critical study of type specimens since the A. montensis karyomorph (2n = 24, FN = 42) occurs in sympatry at the type locality. Phylogeographic structure poorly defined based on cytochrome b haplotypes (Geise et al., 2001). Chromosomal, allozymic, and genetic studies have referenced an unnamed form from Pernambuco an... [truncated]	Cursorial Akodont
13000552	Akodon dayi	Osgood 1916	SPECIES			dayi	Akodon	Akodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser. vol.10 p.208			Lowland to intermediate elevations (up to 2450 m), S Pando to WC Santa Cruz, Bolivia (Anderson, 1997).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Akodon, A. varius species group (Myers, 1989). Interpreted as a subspecies of A. tapirapoanus (= Bolomys lasiurus) by Cabrera (1961); considered a species closely related to A. toba by Myers (1989).	Dusky Akodont
13000553	Akodon dolores	Thomas 1916	SPECIES			dolores	Akodon	Akodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.18 p.324			C Argentina (Catamarca, Córdoba, and Santiago del Estero).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Akodon, A. varius species group (Myers, 1989). Considered closely related to A. molinae (Bianchi et al., 1979; Myers, 1989; Wittouck et al., 1995), if not conspecific with it (Hershkovitz, 1990c), but karyological differences (2n = 34-40 in A. dolores versus 42-44 in A. molinae) and generally non-overlapping distributions suggest distinctive species, as clarified by Tiranti (1998b).	Córdoba Akodont
13000554	Akodon fumeus	Thomas 1902	SPECIES			fumeus	Akodon	Akodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.9 p.137			E Andean slopes, about 1000-3500 m, of SE Perú, WC Bolivia (Anderson, 1997), and NW Argentina (Jujuy, see Díaz and Barquez, 1999).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Akodon, A. fumeus species group (Myers and Patton, 1989). Treated as a subspecies of A. mollis (Cabrera, 1961; Gyldenstolpe, 1932; Hershkovitz, 1990c); viewed as a distinct species more closely related to A. kofordi by Myers and Patton (1989).	Smoky Akodont
13500168	Lepus europaeus subsp. parnassius	Miller 1903	SUBSPECIES		parnassius	europaeus	Eulagos	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13000555	Akodon iniscatus	Thomas 1919	SPECIES			iniscatus	Akodon	Akodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.3 p.205		collinus  Thomas, 1919; nucus Thomas, 1926.	WC to EC Argentina (Buenos Aires Prov., see Pardiñas and Galliari, 1999), as far south as Santa Cruz Prov.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Akodon. The form nucus has been variously listed as a species (Galliari et al., 1996; Hershkovitz, 1990c; Reig, 1987), but Barros et al. (1990) and Pearson (1995) retained it as a subspecies pending critical revision of this complex. Karyotype (2n = 33-34) reported by Barros et al. (1990), who noted its extensive banding homologies with samples of A. puer (here = A. lutescens).	Patagonian Akodont
13000556	Akodon juninensis	Myers, Patton, and Smith 1990	SPECIES			juninensis	Akodon	Akodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan vol.177 p.41			E and W Andean slopes, above 2700 m, of C Perú, south along W slopes to Dept. Ayacucho.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Akodon, A. boliviensis species group (Myers et al., 1990).	Junín Akodont
13000557	Akodon kofordi	Myers and Patton 1989	SPECIES			kofordi	Akodon	Akodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan vol.721 p.14			Depts. Cusco and Puno, SE Perú, 2750 to 2900 m, and Cochabamba Dept., C Bolivia, 1833-3700 m.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Akodon, A. fumeus species group (Myers and Patton, 1989). Distribution and ecological associations amplified by Salazar-Bravo et al. (2002b).	Kofords Akodont
13000558	Akodon latebricola	Anthony 1924	SPECIES			latebricola	Microxus	Akodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.139 p.3			Cordillera Oriental, ca. 2400-3840, NC Ecuador (Pichincha and Tungurahua Provs.).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Microxus (see remarks under Akodon bogotensis and A. mimus). Anthony (1924) described the species based on a single specimen under Microxus, as genus, and critically compared it with bogotensis. Additional specimens reported, range extended northwardly, and morphological description expanded by Voss (2003).	Ecuadorean Akodont
13000559	Akodon leucolimnaeus	Cabrera 1926	SPECIES			leucolimnaeus	Akodon	Akodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Rev. Chilena Hist. Nat. vol.30 p.320			NW Argentina; limits unknown.		Subgenus Akodon, A. boliviensis species group (Galliari et al., 1996). Reassigned as a subspecies of lactens (Gyldenstolpe, 1932; Cabrera, 1961) and thereafter associated as a member of Bolomys (Reig, 1987; Hershkovitz, 1990c). Reassigned as a species of Akodon by Galliari and Pardiñas (1995), its status considered provisional pending an emended diagnosis and clarification of its relationship.	Catamarca Akodont
13500041	Ochotona hyperborea subsp. normalis	Schrenk 1858	SUBSPECIES		normalis	hyperborea	Pika	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha							
13000560	Akodon lindberghi	Hershkovitz 1990	SPECIES			lindberghi	Akodon	Akodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Fieldiana Zool., N.S. vol.57 p.16			Cerrado habitat, C and SE Brazil.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Subgenus Akodon, A. boliviensis species group (Hershkovitz, 1990c). Morphology, karyotype, and habitat described by Hershkovitz (1990c); additional karyotypic and distributional information reported by Svartman and Almeida (1994) and Geise et al. (1996, 2001). Hershkovitz (1990c) discussed the nomen nudum Plectomys paludicola and its possible equivalence to the species A. lindberghi.	Lindberghs Akodont
13000561	Akodon lutescens	J. A. Allen 1901	SPECIES			lutescens	Akodon	Akodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.14 p.46		caenosus  Thomas, 1918; puer Thomas, 1902.	High altiplano of C Perú (Puno), through W Bolivia, to NW Argentina.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as A. puer.	Subgenus Akodon, A. boliviensis species group (Myers et al., 1990). Anderson (1997) noted the earlier availability of lutescens for this species. Karyologic and morphometric variation presented, as A. caenosus, by Bárquez et al. (1980). In their revision of the boliviensis group, Myers et al. (1990) referred caenosus, maintained as a species by Cabrera (1961), and lutescens, classified as a subspecies of A. andinus by Cabrera (1961), to subspecies of A. puer (also see Vitullo et al., 1986). Hershkovitz (1990c) listed caenosus as a species, as did Mares et al. (1997), but Anderson (1997) retained it, along with lutescens and puer, as formal subspecies. Also see remarks under A. aliquantulus.	Altiplano Akodont
13000562	Akodon mimus	Thomas 1901	SPECIES			mimus	Microxus	Akodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.7 p.183			Upper E Andean slopes, about 2000-3700 m, from SE Perú (Puno Dept.; Patton and Smith, 1992) to WC Bolivia (Cochabamba Dept.; Anderson, 1997).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Type species of Microxus, a taxon arranged either as a subgenus of Akodon (Cabrera, 1961), as a distinct akodontine genus (Ellerman, 1941; Gyldenstolpe, 1932; Reig, 1987; Thomas, 1916c), or as a synonym of the "oxymycterine" genus Abrothrix (Hershkovitz, 1966c). Allozymic and cytochrome b evidence reveals that mimus is phyletically closer to species of Akodon sensu stricto than to those of Abrothrix (including Chroeomys) and Bolomys (= Necromys) and doubtfully warrants even subgeneric recognition based on these data (see Patton and Smith, 1992; Patton et al., 1989; Smith and Patton, 1991, 1993).	Hocicudo-like Akodont
13000592	Anotomys	Thomas 1906	GENUS					Anotomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.17 p.86	Anotomys leander Thomas, 1906.				Ichthyomyini. Formerly included trichotis (Handley, 1976), which Voss (1988) removed to the new genus Chibchanomys. Phylogenetic relationships studied by Voss (1988).	
13000564	Akodon mollis	Thomas 1894	SPECIES			mollis	Akodon	Akodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.14 p.363		altorum  Thomas, 1913; fulvescens Hershkovitz, 1940.	Pacific lowlands and adjoining montane regions of N Ecuador to WC Perú.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Akodon, A. mollis species group. Extensive altitudinal range and substantial interpopulational differentiation suggest a composite of two or more species (Patton and Smith, 1992; Smith and Patton, 1993; study of specimens in AMNH); status of highland form altorum as synonym questioned by Voss (2003). Also see remarks under A. fumeus, once included as a subspecies.	Soft-furred Akodont
13000573	Akodon sanctipaulensis	Hershkovitz 1990	SPECIES			sanctipaulensis	Akodon	Akodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Fieldiana Zool., N. S. vol.57 p.23			Serra do Mar, SE Brazil.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Akodon, A. boliviensis species group (Hershkovitz, 1990c). Morphological separation from A. cursor and A. serrensis amplified by Christoff et al. (2000).	São Paulo Akodont
13000583	Akodon varius	Thomas 1902	SPECIES			varius	Akodon	Akodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.9 p.134			E Andean slopes, 2000-3000 m, of W Bolivia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Akodon, A. varius species group. Cabrera (1961) included as subspecies neocenus, simulator, and toba, forms here arranged as species according to the preliminary revision of Myers (1989).	Variable Akodont
13500095	Bunolagus	Thomas 1929	GENUS					Bunolagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1929 p.109	Lepus monticularis Thomas, 1903.					
13000565	Akodon montensis	Thomas 1913	SPECIES			montensis	Akodon	Akodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.11 p.405			E Paraguay (Gamarra de Fox and Martin, 1996), NE Argentina (Pardiñas et al., 2003a), and SE Brazil (Rio de Janeiro to Rio Grande do Sul, including gallery forest settings in Minas Gerais and Goiás; Geise et al., 2001; Rieger et al., 1995).		Subgenus Akodon, A. cursor species group (Rieger et al., 1995). Named as a subspecies of A. arviculoides, a ranking observed by Gyldenstolpe (1932) and Cabrera (1961). Morphologically similar to A. cursor, under which it has been included (e.g., Musser and Carleton, 1993; Reig, 1987; Ximénez and Langguth, 1970), but karyotypically, allozymically, and genetically distinct from that species (DElía et al., 2003; Geise et al., 1998, 2001; Rieger et al., 1995). Where A. cursor and A. montensis occur in proximity, the latter species is found at higher elevations, 800 m and above (Geise et al., 2001); past reports for this species in Uruguay (e.g., Ximénez and Langguth, 1970) have proven to be A. reigi (González et al., 1998). Pardiñas et al. (2003a) reviewed the taxons involved historical treatment and summarized evidence for its discrimination from A. cursor (also see that accou... [truncated]	Montane Akodont
13000566	Akodon mystax	Hershkovitz 1998	SPECIES			mystax	Akodon	Akodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bonn Zool. Beitr. vol.47 p.220			Known only from highland localities, 2000-2700 m, in Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro, SE Brazil.		Subgenus Akodon, A. boliviensis species group (Hershkovitz, 1990c) or A. cursor species group (Geise et al., 2001). Described as related to A. sanctipaulensis, A. lindberghi, and A. azarae (Hershkovitz, 1998), but gene-sequence data suggest closer affinity to A. cursor A. montensis (Geise et al., 2001). Status with respect to A. paranaensis and to A. reigi, which are morphologically very similar and have the same diploid number (Christoff et al., 2000; González et al., 1998), should be reviewed and their morphological definition and distributional limits as three separate species verified.	Caparaó Akodont
13400572	Geocapromys ingrahami	J. A. Allen 1891	SPECIES			ingrahami		Geocapromys	Capromyidae	Rodentia	Bull Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.3 p.329			Known from the type locality and introduced populations on Little Wax Cay (1973) and Warderick Wells Cay (1981).	IUCN  Vulnerable.		Bahamian Hutia
13000568	Akodon oenos	Braun, Mares, and Ojeda 2000	SPECIES			oenos	Akodon	Akodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Z. Saugetierk. vol.65 p.218			Known only from the type locality and vicinity, 600-1200 m, WC Argentina.		Subgenus Akodon, A. varius species group (Myers, 1989). A medium-size species compared with A. molinae. Braun et al. (2000) noted that their new species corresponds to a nomen nudum (minoprioi) that had appeared in a meeting abstract (also see Galliari et al., 1996).	Monte Akodont
13000569	Akodon orophilus	Osgood 1913	SPECIES			orophilus	Akodon	Akodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser. vol.10 p.98		orientalis  Osgood, 1913.	Upper E Andean slopes, C Perú.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Akodon. Although initially described as a subspecies of A. mollis, Osgood (1943:197) later reinstated orophilus as a distinct species, at which rank it has since remained (Cabrera, 1961; Reig, 1987; Patton and Smith, 1992). Formerly included torques as a subspecies (Cabrera, 1961).	Utcubamba Akodont
13000570	Akodon paranaensis	Christoff, Fagundes, Sbalqueiro, Mattevi, and Yonenaga-Yassuda 2000	SPECIES			paranaensis	Akodon	Akodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	J. Mammal. vol.81 p.844			NE Argentina (Misiones Prov.), SE Brazil (Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul).		Subgenus Akodon. Populations assigned to this species had been formerly identified as A. serrensis (e.g., Liascovich and Reig, 1989), but karyotypic and morphometric separation from that form clarified by Christoff et al. (2000). Similar in size to members of the A. mollis species group (sensu Hershkovitz, 1990c), but Christoff et al. (2000) left the assignment of A. paranaensis as species group indeterminate pending additional study of its relationship. Also see remarks under A. mystax and involved discussion by Pardiñas et al. (2003a) on the tenuous basis for segregating paranaensis and reigi; resolution is needed.	Paraná Akodont
13000571	Akodon pervalens	Thomas 1925	SPECIES			pervalens	Akodon	Akodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.15 p.579			SC Bolivia, 900-2100 m (presumably into N Argentina).		Subgenus Akodon. Status and relationship variously recognized: named as a subspecies of A. sylvanus by Thomas (1925; as followed by Musser and Carleton, 1993); reallocated to a subspecies of A. varius by Cabrera (1961); retained as a nominal species similar to A. cursor by Myers (1989); placed as a synonym of A. serrensis by Hershkovitz (1990c). As dryly noted by Anderson (1997), who also listed pervalens as species, the want of unanimity in its treatment underlines the need for taxonomic resolution.	Tarija Akodont
13500169	Lepus europaeus subsp. ponticus	Ognev 1929	SUBSPECIES		ponticus	europaeus	Eulagos	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13000572	Akodon reigi	González, Langguth, and Oliveira 1998	SPECIES			reigi	Akodon	Akodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Comun. Zool. Mus. Hist. Nat. Montevideo vol.12 191 p.2			Gallery forests of E Uruguay and extreme S Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul).		Subgenus Akodon, A. cursor species group sensu Rieger et al. (1995). Principally contrasted to A. cursor and A. serrensis; see remarks by González et al. (1998) on karyotype (2n = 44) and misattributed reports of this new species as A. serrensis. Status and distributional limits with regard to A. mystax and especially A. paranaensis deserve careful review (see those accounts and discussion by Pardiñas et al., 2003a).	Reigs Akodont
13000574	Akodon serrensis	Thomas 1902	SPECIES			serrensis	Akodon	Akodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.9 p.61		leucogula  Miranda Ribeiro, 1905.	SE Brazil; distributional limits uncertain.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>Subgenus Akodon, A. mollis species group (Hershkovitz, 1990c). Recognized as a species since its description (Cabrera, 1961; Gyldenstolpe, 1932; Moojen, 1952). Most strongly differentiated, based on cytochrome b sequences, of six Brazilian Akodon species examined by Geise et al. (2001). The single example of A. serrensis studied by DElía et al. (2003) is genetically (cytochrome b) most similar to Thaptomys nigrita, a finding that recommends expansion of sampling and review of the taxons assignment within Akodon proper.</p><p>New records of sympatry with A. cursor reported by Hershkovitz (1998), who amplified the discrimination of these two morphologically similar species (also see Liascovich and Reig, 1989). Karyotypic and morphometric separation from A. paranaensis illuminated by Christoff et al. (2000) and from A. reigi by González et al. (1998); strong genetic ... [truncated]	Serra do Mar Akodont
13000575	Akodon siberiae	Myers and Patton 1989	SPECIES			siberiae	Hypsimys	Akodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan vol.720 p.4			Known only from the vicinity of the type locality, about 1800-3000 m, Cochabamba and W Santa Cruz Depts., C Bolivia (Anderson, 1997).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Subgenus Hypsimys. Morphology and chromosomes suggest that A. siberiae is closely related to A. budini, the type species of Hypsimys (see Myers and Patton, 1989).	Cochabamba Akodont
13000597	Auliscomys sublimis	Thomas 1900	SPECIES			sublimis		Auliscomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.6 p.467		leucurus  (Thomas, 1919).	Altiplano from S Perú (Ayacucho Dept.), through W Bolivia (3800-4740 m) and adjacent Chile, to NW Argentina (Jujuy and Salta; Díaz, 1999).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Anderson (1997) retained subspecific divisions for Bolivian populations.	Lofty Pericote
13000576	Akodon simulator	Thomas 1916	SPECIES			simulator	Akodon	Akodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.18 p.335		glaucinus  Thomas, 1919; tartareus Thomas, 1919.	E lower Andean slopes, 650-2400 m, from SC Bolivia (Tarija; Anderson, 1997) to NW Argentina (Jujuy to Catamarca; Mares et al., 1997; Ortiz et al., 2000a).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Akodon, A. varius species group (Myers, 1989). Named as a species but later placed as a subspecies of A. varius (Cabrera, 1961; Thomas, 1926). Returned to species rank by Myers (1989), who emphasized the need for continued study of their level of differentiation; he recognized glaucinus and tartareus as distinctive subspecies. Karyology and morphometrics reviewed, as A. varius, by Bárquez et al. (1980); age variation in a large Argentinian sample analysed by Eschevarria (1995).	White-throated Akodont
13000577	Akodon spegazzinii	Thomas 1897	SPECIES			spegazzinii	Akodon	Akodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.20 p.216		alterus  Thomas, 1919; tucumanensis J. A. Allen, 1901.	E Andean slopes, 400 to 1000 m, NW Argentina.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Akodon, A. boliviensis species group (Myers et al., 1990). Formerly considered a subspecies of A. boliviensis (Cabrera, 1961); Myers et al. (1990) segregated spegazzinii as a species, retaining tucumanensis as a subspecies. Karyology and morphometrics reviewed, as A. boliviensis tucumanensis, by Barquez et al. (1980). Cabrera (1961) placed alterus in full synonymy with A. boliviensis tucumanensis; karyotypes of alterus and tucumanensis reported as identical (2n = 40, FN = 40) by Blaustein et al. (1992), who also discussed their weak allozymic and morphological divergence. Mares et al. (1997) listed alterus and tucumanensis as species principally based on their different ecological associations. Another complex of small akodonts in need of revision; also see remarks under A. aliquantulus.	Spegazzinis Akodont
13000578	Akodon subfuscus	Osgood 1944	SPECIES			subfuscus	Akodon	Akodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser. vol.29 p.195		arequipae  Myers, Patton, and Smith, 1990.	E Andean upper slopes, about 2000-4500 m, from SC Perú (Puno) to WC Bolivia (Cochabamba) (see Anderson, 1997:Fig. 717; Patton and Smith, 1992:Fig. 3).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Akodon, A. boliviensis species group (Myers et al., 1990). Described as a subspecies of A. boliviensis; raised to specific level and another subspecies named by Myers et al. (1990).	Puno Akodont
13500170	Lepus europaeus subsp. rhodius	Festa 1914	SUBSPECIES		rhodius	europaeus	Eulagos	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13000581	Akodon toba	Thomas 1921	SPECIES			toba	Akodon	Akodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.7 p.178			Chaco of W Paraguay, SE Bolivia, and contiguous N Argentina.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Akodon, A. varius species group (Myers, 1989). Relegated to a subspecies of A. varius by Cabrera (1961); karyotypic and morphological discrimination from varius proper summarized by Myers (1989).	Toba Akodont
13000582	Akodon torques	Thomas 1917	SPECIES			torques	Akodon	Akodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Smithson. Misc. Coll. vol.68 p.3			E Andean cloud forest, 2000-3500 m, SE Perú.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Akodon. Relegated to a subspecies of A. orophilus (e.g., Cabrera, 1961), but recent studies have revealed that torques is a genetically distinctive form more closely related to A. mollis (Patton and Smith, 1992; Patton et al., 1989, 1990). Described as a species of Microxus but considered a member of Akodon proper by later authors (Ellerman, 1941; Thomas, 1927), placement vindicated by allozymic and cytochrome b data (Patton et al., 1989; Smith and Patton, 1993).	Cloud Forest Akodont
13000584	Amphinectomys	Malygin 1994	GENUS					Amphinectomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	(in Malygin et al., 1994) Zool. Zhur. vol.73 p.198	Amphinectomys savamis Malygin, 1994 (in Malygin et al., 1994).				Oryzomyini. A water rat morphologically similar to Nectomys but with more expansive interdigital webbing and broader interorbital region (Malygin et al., 1994). The new genus was differentially diagnosed with respect to nearby populations of Nectomys squamipes sensu Hershkovitz (1944), now well known to be a heterogeneous composite (see below); the relationship and generic status of savamis should be confirmed within a broader sampling of Nectomys species and other oryzomyines. The karyotype (2n = 52; Malygin et al., 1994) fits within the range of variation documented for species of Nectomys (2n = 38-59; e.g., Andrades-Miranda et al., 2001b), but critical banding comparisons are needed; genetically closely related to Nectomys squamipes based on nuclear gene (IRBP) sequences (Weksler, 2003). Anatomy of male reproductive tract reported by Malygin and Rosmiarek (1997) and compared with other oryzomyines.	
13000586	Andalgalomys	Williams and Mares 1978	GENUS					Andalgalomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Carnegie Mus. vol.47 p.197	Andalgalomys olrogi Williams and Mares, 1978.				<p>Phyllotini. Includes forms formerly associated with Graomys; morphological and karyotypic traits summarized by Olds et al. (1987), who emended the generic diagnosis. Closely related to Graomys (e.g., Olds et al., 1987), but recent phylogentic colloquy has centered on the monophyly and ergo the generic validity of the taxon. Braun (1993) and Steppan (1993, 1995), using morphological characters, found that exemplars of Andalgalomys associated among those of Graomys; the former author retained Andalgalomys as genus whereas the latter formally merged it under Graomys (in a reanalysis, Steppan and Sullivan, 2000, provisionally retained both as genera). Taxonomically narrow (Anderson and Yates, 2000) and broad (DElía et al., 2003) surveys of cytochrome b sequences do convey the monophyly of Andalgalomys, well delineated from species of Graomys, on resultant trees.</p><p>The issue has become more complex commensurate with the ... [truncated]	
13000587	Andalgalomys olrogi	Williams and Mares 1978	SPECIES			olrogi		Andalgalomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Carnegie Mus. vol.47 p.203			Known only from the vicinity of the type locality.	IUCN  Vulnerable.		Olrogs Pericote
13000588	Andalgalomys pearsoni	Myers 1977	SPECIES			pearsoni		Andalgalomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan vol.676 p.1		dorbignyi  Olds, Anderson, and Yates, 1987.	Chaco of W Paraguay and SE Bolivia (Santa Cruz Dept.).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Diploid count differs by one pair (76 versus 78) in the two subspecies (Myers, 1977; Olds et al., 1987).	Pearsons Pericote
13000589	Andalgalomys roigi	Mares and Braun 1996	SPECIES			roigi		Andalgalomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	J. Mammal. vol.77 p.929			Semiarid thorn scrub from Catamarca Prov. south to San Luis Prov. (Mares et al., 1997), NC Argentina.		Mares and Braun (1996) contrasted their new species with A. olrogi and A. pearsoni.	Roigs Pericote
13000590	Andinomys	Thomas 1902	GENUS					Andinomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1902 1 p.116	Andinomys edax Thomas, 1902.				Phyllotini. Revised by Hershkovitz (1962). Standard karyotype reported and compared to other phyllotines by Pearson and Patton (1976) and Simonetti and Spotorno (1980). Based on homologous chromosomal bands, Spotorno et al. (1994) suggested the primitive nature of Andinomys and its early divergence within the phyllotine radiation; cladistic studies of morphological traits indicate a later genesis, in a clade variously containing Chinchillula, Irenomys, and Punomys (Braun, 1993; Steppan, 1995).	
13000591	Andinomys edax	Thomas 1902	SPECIES			edax		Andinomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1902 1 p.116		lineicaudatus  Yepes, 1935.	Altiplano of extreme S Perú (Puno) and N Chile (Pine et al., 1979; Spotorno, 1976), through WC Bolivia (Anderson, 1997), to NW Argentina (Jujuy to La Rioja; Díaz and Barquez, 1999; Mares et al., 1997; Ortiz et al., 2000a).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Díaz and Barquez (1999) remarked on subspecific distribution in N Argentina and urged revision to resolve whether two species are represented.	Andean Mouse
13000594	Auliscomys	Osgood 1915	GENUS					Auliscomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser. vol.10 p.190	Reithrodon pictus Thomas, 1884.	Maresomys  Braun, 1993.			Phyllotini. Diagnosed as a subgenus of Phyllotis and variably recognized afterwards at that rank (Osgood, 1947; Pearson, 1958) or as a genus (Gyldenstolpe, 1932; Thomas, 1926a). Recent evidence supports the monophyly and probable earlier divergence of Auliscomys (Pearson and Patton, 1976; Simonetti and Spotorno, 1980), usually as closely related to Galenomys (Braun, 1993; Steppan, 1993, 1995; Steppan and Sullivan, 2000). Includes Maresomys whose type species (= boliviensis) Braun (1993) interpreted as sister group to Galenomys, but which Steppan (1995) viewed as cognate to other species of Auliscomys and placed as synonym of the latter. The critical nodes on which these nomenclatural decisions hinge reflect slightly different coding schemes of morphological traits and rely upon consensus depictions of numerous equal-length trees; as such, the issue invites additional testing with other information sources. Anderson (1997) used ... [truncated]	
13000595	Auliscomys boliviensis	Waterhouse 1846	SPECIES			boliviensis		Auliscomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1846 p.9		flavidior  (Thomas, 1902).	Altiplano from S Perú (Arequipa Dept.) to extreme N Chile and WC Bolivia (3450-4770 m).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Type species of Maresomys Braun (1993).	Bolivian Pericote
13000596	Auliscomys pictus	Thomas 1884	SPECIES			pictus		Auliscomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1884 p.457		decoloratus  (Osgood, 1915).	High Andes, ca. 3500-4800 m, from C Perú (Ancash Dept.) to NW Bolivia (La Paz Dept.).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Colorful Pericote
13000598	Bibimys	Massoia 1979	GENUS					Bibimys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Physis, sec. C. vol.38 95 p.2	Bibimys torresi Massoia, 1979.				<p>Akodontini. Diagnosed as a third genus of scapteromyines, along with Kunsia and Scapteromys (see Hershkovitz, 1966c), and so maintained by Reig (1980, 1981, 1984, 1986). More closely related to Akodon and kin than to Kunsia Scapteromys according to parsimony distillations of cytochrome b sequence data (DElía et al., in press). In analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear genes, DElía (2003) recognized Bibimys as one of five major clades within Akodontini.</p><p>Generic diagnosis emended, alpha taxonomy reviewed, and known fossil and recent occurrences consolidated by DElía et al. (in press). They provisionally retained three species, given the inadequacies of sample size and geographic representation, but acknowledged that morphological, karyotypic, and genetic evidence for their separation is unpersuasive. Karyology reported by Dyzenchauz and Massarini (1999) and Gonçalves et al. (in press). Fossil records (early Pleistocene to... [truncated]	
13000599	Bibimys chacoensis	Shamel 1931	SPECIES			chacoensis		Bibimys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	J. Wash. Acad. Sci. vol.21 p.247			NE Argentina.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Described as a species of Akodon; transferred to Bibimys by Massoia (1980a), who noted the need to clarify the differentiation of this form from B. torresi.	Chacoan Akodont
13000600	Bibimys labiosus	Winge 1887	SPECIES			labiosus		Bibimys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	E Museo Lundii vol.1 3 p.25			Minas Gerais, Brazil.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Described as a species of Scapteromys, referred to Akodon by Hershkovitz (1966c), and confirmed as a species of Bibimys by Massoia (1980a). Although described as a fossil (Winge, 1887) from the Lagoa Santa caves, the species survives in the region of Minas Gerais (DElía et al., in press; Paglia et al., 1995). Diploid number (2n = 70) same as B. torresi but fundamental numbers differ (FN = 76 versus 80; Gonçalves et al., in press).	Lagoa Santa Akodont
13000601	Bibimys torresi	Massoia 1979	SPECIES			torresi		Bibimys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Physis, sec. C. vol.38 95 p.3			EC Argentina.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Karyotype (2n = 70) reported by Dyzenshauz and Massarini (1999) and contrasted to species of Scapteromys.	Torres Akodont
13000602	Blarinomys	Thomas 1896	GENUS					Blarinomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.18 p.310	Oxymycterus breviceps Winge, 1887.				Akodontini. Sister genus to Brucepattersonius according to phylogenetic evaluations of cytochrome b sequences (DElía et al., 2003; Smith and Patton, 1999) or to the clade Brucepattersonius Lenoxus using cytochrome b and IRBP (DElía, 2003).	
13000603	Blarinomys breviceps	Winge 1887	SPECIES			breviceps		Blarinomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	E Museo Lundii vol.1 3 p.34			Atlantic Forest region of SE Brazil (Bahia to São Paulo; Silva et al., 2003) and NE Argentina (Misiones Prov.; Massoia, 1993).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Based on compilation of old and new records, Silva et al. (2003) suggested that B. breviceps is extinct at the type locality, now set within Cerrado vegetation, and confined to the more mesic Atlantic Forest zone. See Matson and Abravaya (1977, Mammalian Species, 74).	Blarinine Akodont
13000748	Notiomys edwardsii	Thomas 1890	SPECIES			edwardsii		Notiomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	In Milne-Edwards, Mission Sci. Cap. Horn, 1882-3 vol.6 Mamm. p.24			S Argentina, from S Río Negro Prov. to C Santa Cruz Prov. (see Pardiñas and Galliari, 1998a:Fig. 5).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Known by few specimens; morphology and natural history amplified by Pearson (1984, 1995) and distribution by Pardiñas and Galliari (1998a) and Teta et al. (2002).	Edwards Long-clawed Akodont
13000604	Brucepattersonius	Hershkovitz 1998	GENUS					Brucepattersonius	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bonn. Zool. Beitr. vol.47 p.227	Brucepattersonius soricinus Hershkovitz, 1998.				Akodontini. Morphological traits resemble those of Oxymycterus, considered its probable nearest generic relative by Hershkovitz (1998). Parsimony and likelihood trees derived from cytochrome b data instead most closely relate the genus to Blarinomys, within a clade that includes Lenoxus, Kunsia, and Scapteromys (DElía et al., 2003; Smith and Patton, 1999). With recognition of this distinctive genus, attention should be directed to documenting the status and distributions of the newly described forms, most known only from their type locality and based on differentiating traits that intimate age and-or individual variation.	
13000605	Brucepattersonius albinasus	Hershkovitz 1998	SPECIES			albinasus		Brucepattersonius	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bonn. Zool. Beitr. vol.47 p.235			Known only from the type locality.			White-nosed Akodont
13000606	Brucepattersonius griserufescens	Hershkovitz 1998	SPECIES			griserufescens		Brucepattersonius	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bonn. Zool. Beitr. vol.47 p.233			Humid montane forest and scrub, 1300-2700 m, E Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo to Rio de Janeiro, SE Brazil.		Distribution amplified and karyotype reported by Bonvicino et al. (1998b), who noted that it (2n = 52, FN = 52-53) differs from all Oxymycterus species so far examined (2n = 54, FN = 64; see Bonvicino et al., 1998b).	Gray-bellied Akodont
13000607	Brucepattersonius guarani	Mares and Braun 2000	SPECIES			guarani		Brucepattersonius	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Occas. Pap. Sam Noble Oklahoma Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.9 p.9			Known only from the type locality.			Guaraní Akodont
13600050	Paraechinus hypomelas subsp. seniculus	Thomas 1922	SUBSPECIES		seniculus	hypomelas		Paraechinus	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha							
13000609	Brucepattersonius iheringi	Thomas 1896	SPECIES			iheringi		Brucepattersonius	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.18 p.308			NE Argentina (Misiones) and SE Brazil.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Oxymycterus iheringi.	A distinctive species of varied generic associationsincluded in Microxus or Akodon (e.g., Avila-Pires, 1994; Cabrera, 1961; Ellerman, 1941; Gyldenstolpe, 1932; Moojen, 1952); reallocated to Oxymycterus by Massoia (1963b) and thereafter classified (Corbet and Hill, 1991; Honacki et al., 1982; Musser and Carleton, 1993); recently assigned to the new genus Brucepattersonius by Hershkovitz (1998), an allocation seconded by Bonvicino et al. (1998b). Morphological recognition amplified by Massoia and Fornes (1969).	Iherings Akodont
13000610	Brucepattersonius misionensis	Mares and Braun 2000	SPECIES			misionensis		Brucepattersonius	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Occas. Pap. Sam Noble Oklahoma Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.9 p.7			Known only from the type locality.			Misiones Akodont
13000611	Brucepattersonius paradisus	Mares and Braun 2000	SPECIES			paradisus		Brucepattersonius	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Occas. Pap. Sam Noble Oklahoma Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.9 p.3			Known only from the type locality.			Arroyo of Paradise Akodont
13000612	Brucepattersonius soricinus	Hershkovitz 1998	SPECIES			soricinus		Brucepattersonius	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bonn. Zool. Beitr. vol.47 p.232			Known only from several localities in São Paulo, SE Brazil.			Soricine Akodont
13000613	Calomys	Waterhouse 1837	GENUS					Calomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1837 p.21	Mus bimaculatus Waterhouse, 1837 (= Mus laucha Fischer, 1814).	Hesperomys  Waterhouse, 1839.			<p>Phyllotini. Generally viewed as a primitive clade relative to other phyllotine genera (Hershkovitz, 1962; Pearson and Patton, 1976; Reig, 1986), a viewpoint corroborated by phylogenetic analyses of trait data, both morphological (Braun, 1993; Steppan, 1993; 1995) and molecular (Smith and Patton, 1999). Those morphological studies differ in disclosing the basal position of Calomys spp. as monophyletic (Braun, 1993) or paraphyletic (Steppan, 1993); gene-sequence data convincingly ratify the taxons monophyly (Salazar-Bravo et al., 2001, 2002a). Salazar-Bravo et al. (2001) dated the initial cladogenesis among Calomys species to ca. 9 million years ago, possibly spurred by the early development of South American grasslands, and reviewed hypotheses and data that concern the Great American Interchange and areas of origination. Known from Pleistocene of Argentina (e.g., Pardiñas, 1999). Status of North American Miocene-Pliocene form Bensonomys as a subgenus of <... [truncated]	
13000644	Eligmodontia moreni	Thomas 1896	SPECIES			moreni		Eligmodontia	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.18 p.307			Atlantic-facing Andean slopes at intermediate elevations, NW Argentina (Salta to Neuquén Prov.); limits poorly documented.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Mares et al. (1981b, 1989b) noted the morphological, distributional, and ecological distinction of E. moreni and E. puerulus in Salta Prov., Argentina, and Spotorno et al. (1994) substantiated their pronounced karyotypic divergence (2n = 34 versus 2n = 50, respectively).	Monte Laucha
13000614	Calomys boliviae	Thomas 1901	SPECIES			boliviae		Calomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.8 p.253		fecundus  (Thomas, 1926).	E Andean slopes, ca. 600-2700 m, in WC Bolivia and NW Argentina.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Conventionally arranged as a subspecies or synonym of C. callosus (Cabrera, 1961; Hershkovitz, 1962). Use here follows informal listing of Reig (1986), who included fecundus as a subjective synonym, an attribution supported by their morphological similarity (Olds, 1988). Anderson (1997), following Olds (1988), treated boliviae and fecundus as synonyms of C. venustus, type locality in Córdoba, Argentina. The specific segregation of fecundus (2n = 54), as based strictly on S Bolivian and NW Argentinian samples, from C. venustus (2n = 56) is sustained by differentiation in karyotypes and mitochondrial DNA sequence analyses (Salazar-Bravo et al., 2001, 2002a); however, the proper application of boliviae as senior synonym or its recognition as another valid species distinct from fecundus deserves concrete demonstration, as does its distributional extent with regard to C. venustus in NW A... [truncated]	Bolivian Laucha
13000615	Calomys callidus	Thomas 1916	SPECIES			callidus		Calomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.17 p.182			EC Argentina and E Paraguay.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Diagnosed as a subspecies of C. venustus and recognized as such (e.g., Cabrera, 1961) until Hershkovitz (1962) placed both in synonymy with C. callosus callosus. Specific status of callidus affirmed by Corti et al. (1987), who summarized its distribution, karyotypic traits, and morphometric discrimination; banded chromosomal comparisons with C. venustus and systematic commentary provided by Vitullo et al. (1990).	Reclusive Laucha
13000627	Chelemys delfini	Cabrera 1905	SPECIES			delfini		Chelemys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat. vol.9 p.15			Southernmost Chile.		Taxonomic status and distributional extent require refinementtreated as a subspecies of C. megalonyx by Mann (1978) and Tamayo and Frassinetti (1980); retained as a species by Osgood (1943) and Reig (1987). Johnson et al. (1990) recognized C. delfini and C. macronyx as definable forms, separable by body size, in the Patagonian region of extreme S Chile.	Magellanic Long-clawed Akodont
13000741	Neusticomys mussoi	Ochoa G. and Soriano 1991	SPECIES			mussoi		Neusticomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	J. Mammal. vol.72 p.97			Known only from the type locality, far W Venezuela.	IUCN  Endangered.	The two known specimens represent the least aquatically specialized ichthyomyine species described thus far.	Mussos Ichthyomyine
13000616	Calomys callosus	Rengger 1830	SPECIES			callosus		Calomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Naturgesch. Säugeth. Paraguay p.231		muriculus  (Thomas, 1921).	Dry and subhumid areas in E Bolivia, N Argentina, Paraguay, and contiguous WC Brazil; isolated records in SE and E Brazil (see Salazar-Bravo et al., 2002a).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	According to Hershkovitz (1962), callosus also encompassed boliviae (see species account), callidus (see species account), fecundus (see C. boliviae), and venustus (see species account). Others have referenced, without explanation, muriculus (Williams and Mares, 1978) as a separate species, although Reig (1986) did not; specimens collected near the type locality of muriculus are interspersed among samples of C. callosus proper in cytochrome b sequence analyses (Salazar-Bravo et al., 2002a). Especially see Salazar-Bravo et al. (2002a:194-195) for karyotypic amendment of C. callosus (2n = 50, FN = 66; not 2n = 36, FN = 48 as reported by Pearson and Patton, 1976). Also see Contreras (1992) for review of conflicting interpretations of the type locality and the need to obtain topotypic material to confirm the identity of the species as currently understood. His recommendation is e... [truncated]	Big Laucha
13400594	Plagiodontia	F. Cuvier 1836	GENUS					Plagiodontia	Capromyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. (Paris), ser 2 vol.6 p.347	Plagiodontia aedium F. Cuvier, 1836.	Hyperplagiodontia  Rímoli, 1977.			Reviewed by Mohr (1939), Johnson (1948), Anderson (1965), and Woods (1989a, b).	
13000617	Calomys expulsus	Lund 1841	SPECIES			expulsus		Calomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	K. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Afhandl. vol.8 p.280			Caatinga and Cerrado formations from Pernambuco southwestwardly through Goiás, C Brazil.		Morphologically similar to but karyotypically strongly divergent (2n = 66, FN = 68) from C. callosus (Bonvicino and Almeida, 2000), the species with which it had been previously synonymized (Hershkovitz, 1962; Musser and Carleton, 1993). Morphometric, karyotypic, distributional, and ecological distinctions from C. tener summarized by Bonvicino and Almeida (2000); those authors also noted that past faunal and ecological reports on Calomys from C Brazil, identified as C. callosus (e.g., Mares et al., 1981a, 1989a), probably refer to this species and-or to C. tener, which may occur sympatrically in ecotonal settings between the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes. Ontogeny of cranial shape variation analyzed by Hingst-Zaher et al. (2000).	Caatinga Laucha
13000618	Calomys hummelincki	Husson 1960	SPECIES			hummelincki		Calomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Stud. Faun. Curacao Carib. Isl. vol.43 p.34			Llanos of NE Colombia (La Guajira), N and C Venezuela, and the continental-shelf islands Curaçao and Aruba.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Originally named as a species of Baiomys; reidentified as Calomys and included in C. laucha by Hershkovitz (1962), who considered the Venezuelan populations to be introductions. Indigenous status and specific distinctiveness reasserted by Handley (1976) and underscored by subsequent research (Garcia et al., 1999; Martino and Capanna, 2002; Pérez-Zapata et al., 1987); biogeographic scenario for derivation of C. hummelincki from southern populations of Calomys developed by Martino et al. (2002). Cytogenetics, allozymic and morphometric variation, and natural history monographed by Martino (2000); distribution discussed by Voss (1991a) in the context of biogeographic comparisons with other small mammals inhabiting nonforest vegetation in N South America.	Hummelincks Laucha
13000619	Calomys laucha	Fischer 1814	SPECIES			laucha		Calomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	In Eschwege, J. Brasilien, Neue Bibliothek. Reisenb. vol.15 2 p.209		bimaculatus  (Waterhouse, 1837); bonariensis (Osgood, 1933); dubius (Fischer, 1829); gracilipes (Waterhouse, 1837); pusillus (Philippi, 1858).	Dry biotopes in SC Bolivia (Chaco), N and EC Argentina, W Paraguay, WC and extreme S Brazil, and Uruguay (González et al., 1995).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Formerly included hummelincki (See Handley, 1976), musculinus (see Massoia et al., 1968), and tener (see species account). Attribution of pusillus follows Hershkovitz (1962; also see Osgood, 1943:239); that of bimaculatus as per Brum-Zorilla et al. (1990). Allozymic variability and differentiation among samples in EC Argentina assayed by Chiappero et al. (2002) and Gardenal et al. (2002).	Little Laucha
13000620	Calomys lepidus	Thomas 1884	SPECIES			lepidus		Calomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1884 p.454		argurus  (Thomas, 1919); carilla (Thomas, 1902); ducilla (Thomas, 1901); marcarum (Thomas, 1917); montanus (Sanborn, 1950).	Altiplano of C Perú, through W Bolivia (2950-4820 m), to NE Chile and NW Argentina (Jujuy, Salta, and Tucúman; Díaz, 1999; Ortiz et al., 2000a).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Revised by Hershkovitz (1962). Populations in Jujuy, NW Argentina, exhibit a different chromosomal complement (2n = 44, FN = 68), as reported by Espinosa et al. (1997), from those described from Peru (2n = 36, FN = 68) by Pearson and Patton (1976); Espinosa et al. (1997) offered a Robertsonian explanation to account for such the karyotypic differences between chromosomal races of a single species, but also acknowledged that two species may be involved. Anderson (1997) regarded carillus and ducillus as valid subspecies in the Bolivian Andes.	Graceful Laucha
13000638	Delomys collinus	Thomas 1917	SPECIES			collinus		Delomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.20 p.197			Middle to upper elevations, 1000-2700 m, in disjunct mountain ranges (E Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro), SE Brazil.		Voss (1993) noted the usual absence of pectoral mammae in this form, but absent clear mensural differentiation, elected to retain it under D. dorsalis, perhaps as a subspecies as originally placed by Thomas (1917c); whereas, Bonvicino and Geise (1995) obtained different fundamental numbers from collinus samples compared with those of D. dorsalis (2n = 82 in both) and recommended specific recognition. The concordance of these independent traits, and others, should be verified with larger samples as a basis for reinforcing their status as distinct species.	Montane Delomys
13000621	Calomys musculinus	Thomas 1913	SPECIES			musculinus		Calomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.11 p.138		cordovensis  (Thomas, 1916); cortensis (Thomas, 1920); murillus (Thomas, 1916).	Arid habitats over wide elevations in WC Bolivia (see Anderson, 1997: Fig. 738), W Paraguay, and Argentina (Jujuy and Salta as far south as Chubut; Díaz, 2000; Mares et al., 1997; Ortiz et al., 2000a; Pearson, 1995); limits uncertain.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Included in C. laucha by Hershkovitz (1962) but morphological and karyotypic evidence supports its specific status (Corti et al., 1987; Massoia et al., 1968). Sister species to C. lepidus according to phylogenetic interpretation of cytochrome b sequences (Salazar-Bravo et al., 2001). Morphometric variation among select phytogeographic samples examined by Provensal and Polop (1993); allozymic variability among samples in EC Argentina investigated by Gardenal et al. (2002) and contrasted with sympatric C. laucha. Synonymy follows Massoia et al. (1968) and Contreras and Rosi (1980), who considered murillus a subspecies of C. musculinus; others have treated the former as a species (Olds, 1988; Reig, 1986). In the molecular study of Salazar-Bravo et al. (2001), it is noteworthy that their sample of C. musculinus from Buenos Aires Province, presumably referable to murillus proper (type locality La Plat... [truncated]	Drylands Laucha
13000622	Calomys sorellus	Thomas 1900	SPECIES			sorellus		Calomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.6 p.297		frida  (Thomas, 1917); miurus (Thomas, 1926).	Peruvian Andes, above 2000 m, from Libertad to Puno Depts.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Classified as a subspecies of C. lepidus (Cabrera, 1961); discrimination from and sympatry with C. lepidus documented by Hershkovitz (1962), who relegated frida and miurus to synonymy under C. sorellus (also see Pearson and Patton, 1976).	Peruvian Laucha
13000631	Chibchanomys orcesi	Jenkins and Barnett 1997	SPECIES			orcesi		Chibchanomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Lond. vol.63 p.124			Páramo, 3100-4000 m, of the Las Cajas Plateau, S Ecuador.		Although exhibiting certain similarities to Neusticomys, the brunt of apomorphic traits substantiates the placement of orcesi in Chibchanomys. Phylogenetic relationships to other ichthyomyine genera examined by Jenkins and Barnett (1997); behavioral and ecological observations supplied by Barnett (1997).	Las Cajas Ichthyomyine
13000623	Calomys tener	Winge 1887	SPECIES			tener		Calomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	E Museo Lundii vol.1 3 p.15			Atlantic Forest region and habitats bordering the Cerrado, SE Brazil (S Goiás, Minas Gerais, São Paulo), and in NE Argentina (Misiones Prov., Massoia, 1988) and E Bolivia (Anderson, 1997); range limits need refinement.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Arranged as a subspecies of C. laucha by Hershkovitz (1962), but others have retained tener and C. laucha as distinct species (Cabrera, 1961; Mares et al., 1989a; Moojen, 1952; Olds, 1988). Karyotypic identity (2n = 66, FN = 66) clarified by Bonvicino and Almeida (2000), who expanded upon its morphological and ecological separation from C. expulsus. Anderson (1997) considered identification of the Bolivian specimens as tentative and advised further review of series presently allocated to C. callosus.	Delicate Laucha
13000624	Calomys tocantinsi	Bonvicino, Lima, and Almeida 2003	SPECIES			tocantinsi		Calomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Rev. Bras. Zool. vol.20 p.301			Cerrado habitat, states of Mato Grosso and Tocantins, C Brazil.		A large species, similar in size to C. callosus and C. expulsus but morphometrically and karyotypically (2n = 46, FN = 66) well differentiated from those species and from C. tener (Bonvicino et al., 2003c). The new form was first detected based on its distinctive karyotype (Lima and Kasahara, 2001).	Tocantins Laucha
13000625	Calomys venustus	Thomas 1894	SPECIES			venustus		Calomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.14 p.359			WC Argentina; limits uncertain.		Earlier retained as a species as described (Cabrera, 1961; Gyldenstolpe, 1932), but swept under Hershkovitzs (1962) broad concept of callosus and provisionally retained as such by Musser and Carleton (1993). Olds (1988; also Anderson, 1997) recognized C. venustus as separate from C. callosus proper, and defined it broadly to include boliviae and fecundus in Bolivia and NW Argentina (also see account of C. boliviae); others have more narrowly applied the name to the C Argentinian populations (e.g., Salazar-Bravo et al., 2001, 2002a; Vitullo et al., 1990) as distinct from fecundus (here = C. boliviae). Banded chromosomal comparisons with C. callidus provided by Vitullo et al. (1990), who considered the two, along with fecundus (here = C. boliviae) to form a closely related group, as did Espinosa et al. (1997). Salazar-Bravo et al. (2002a) similarly recogni... [truncated]	Córdoba Laucha
13500171	Lepus europaeus subsp. syriacus	Hemprich and Ehrenberg 1832	SUBSPECIES		syriacus	europaeus	Eulagos	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13000626	Chelemys	Thomas 1903	GENUS					Chelemys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.12 p.242	Akodon megalonyx Waterhouse, 1845.				Akodontini (S Andean clade). Named as a subgenus of Akodon, later ranked as a genus (Gyldenstolpe, 1932; Reig, 1987; Thomas, 1927) or consolidated under Notiomys, together with Geoxus (Cabrera, 1961; Ellerman, 1941; Osgood, 1925, 1943). Trees derived from cytochrome b data consistently disclose close kinship among these three long-clawed, semifossorial taxa (and PearsonomysSmith and Patton, 1999), a finding that is cladistically harmonious with their monophyly as perceived by Osgood (1925), who arranged the species under the one genus Notiomys. However, morphological differentiation among them is pronounced, as emphasized by Thomas (1927), Gyldenstolpe (1932), Pearson (1984), and Reig (1987). The latter two authors enumerated diagnostic traits and amplified their morphological definition as genera; also see Patterson (1992b) for other morphological and morphometric comparisons and a key to the genera and species of long-clawed akodonts.... [truncated]	
13000628	Chelemys macronyx	Thomas 1894	SPECIES			macronyx		Chelemys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.14 p.362		alleni  (Osgood, 1925); connectens (Osgood, 1925); fumosus Thomas, 1927); vestitus (Thomas, 1903).	S Andes along Chile-Argentina boundary, about 34°S latitude south to Straits of Magellan. Distribution in C Chile augmented by Pine et al. (1979) and in Argentina by Pearson (1995) and Teta et al. (2002).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Treated as a subspecies of C. megalonyx by Mann (1978) and Tamayo and Frassinetti (1980); recognized as species by Osgood (1943) and Pearson (1984, 1995). Osgood (1943) designated the skin of Notiomys connectens as the holotype of this composite specimen (skull an Abrothrix) and synonymized it with macronyx vestitus.	Andean Long-clawed Akodont
13000629	Chelemys megalonyx	Waterhouse 1844 "1845"	SPECIES			megalonyx		Chelemys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1844 p.154		microtis  (Philippi, 1900); niger (Philippi, 1872); scalops (Gay, 1847).	C Chile, coastal region from Coquimbo Prov. south to Cautín Prov.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Tamayo and Frassinetti (1980) listed delfini (see above account) as a subspecies of C. megalonyx.	Large Long-clawed Akodont
13000630	Chibchanomys	Voss 1988	GENUS					Chibchanomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.188 p.321	Ichthyomys trichotis Thomas, 1897.				Ichthyomyini. Described as a species of Ichthyomys, trichotis was thereafter associated first with Rheomys (Cabrera, 1961; Tate, 1932h) and then Anotomys (Handley, 1976). Generic distinctiveness and phylogenetic relationships substantiated by Voss (1988); also see Jenkins and Barnett (1997). Anderson (1997) reported a single specimen of Chibchanomys species indeterminate from NW Bolivia (La Paz).	
13500044	Ochotona hyperborea subsp. yoshikurai	Kishida 1932	SUBSPECIES		yoshikurai	hyperborea	Pika	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha							
13000633	Chilomys	Thomas 1897	GENUS					Chilomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.19 p.500	Oryzomys instans Thomas, 1895.				Thomasomyini. Arranged with oryzomyines (Reig, 1984) or suggested as more closely related to thomasomyines (Musser and Carleton, 1993); molecular analyses (cytochrome b) support the latter tribal affinity, in a clade composed of (Rhipidomys (Chilomys Thomasomys)) (DElía et al., 2003; Smith and Patton, 1999). Aspects of morphology reported by Carleton (1973) and Voss and Linzey (1981).	
13000634	Chilomys instans	Thomas 1895	SPECIES			instans		Chilomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.16 p.368		fumeus  Osgood, 1912.	N Andes, from C Ecuador (Musser et al., 1998:106), through C and N Colombia, to W Venezuela (Handley, 1976; Linares, 1998).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Osgood (1912) described fumeus (type locality: Colombia, Norte de Santander, Páramo de Tamá) as a species distinct from C. instans; however, Cabrera (1961) relegated it to subspecific status, as also observed by Linares (1998), and the genus has thereafter been viewed as monotypic (e.g., Corbet and Hill, 1991; Honacki et al., 1982; Musser and Carleton, 1993). Osgoods employment of subspecies was especially robust so that he chose to diagnose fumeus as a species is by itself instructive. In view of the other valid species described from the Páramo de Tamá region (e.g., Oligoryzomys griseolus, Thomasomys hylophilus), the status of fumeus invites another appraisal.	Andean Chilomys
13000635	Chinchillula	Thomas 1898	GENUS					Chinchillula	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.1 p.280	Chinchillula sahamae Thomas, 1898.				Phyllotini. Revised by Hershkovitz (1962); karyology reviewed by Pearson and Patton (1976).	
13000636	Chinchillula sahamae	Thomas 1898	SPECIES			sahamae		Chinchillula	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.1 p.280			Altiplano region of S Perú, W Bolivia (above 4000 m), and N Chile.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	The presence of this species in NW Argentina, as reported in many faunal works and checklists (Cabrera, 1961; Díaz, 2000; Musser and Carleton, 1993), is not based on confirmed identification of any vouchered specimen (see Galliari et al., 1996; Ortiz et al., 2000a).	Achallo
13500172	Lepus europaeus subsp. transsylvanicus	Matschie 1901	SUBSPECIES		transsylvanicus	europaeus	Eulagos	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13000637	Delomys	Thomas 1917	GENUS					Delomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.20 p.196	Hesperomys dorsalis Hensel, 1873.				<p>Sigmodontinae incertae sedis. Delomys has variously stood as a genus (Avila-Pires, 1960c; Gyldenstolpe, 1932; Tate, 1932f) or merged under Thomasomys, with or without subgeneric division (Ellerman, 1941; Moojen, 1952; Osgood, 1933d). As remarked by Osgood (1933d), Thomas in part created Delomys to taxonomically underscore the geographic disjunction between thomasomyines in SE Brazil and the diverse radiation of typical Thomasomys in the N Andes (e.g., see Reig, 1986). Defining morphological traits consolidated and contrasted with types species of Thomasomys and Oryzomys by Voss (1993); chromosomal variation reported by Zanchin et al. (1992b) and Bonvicino and Geise (1995). While the morphological differentiation of Delomys is comparable to that of other sigmodontine genera, its cladistic stature with regard to Andean thomasomyinesand that of other SE Brazilian endemics like Juliomys, <... [truncated]	
13000639	Delomys dorsalis	Hensel 1873	SPECIES			dorsalis		Delomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Abh. König. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1872 p.42		lechei  (Trouessart, 1904); obscura (Leche, 1886) [not obscurus Wagner, 1843].	Atlantic Forest region of SE Brazil (Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo to Rio Grande do Sul) and NE Argentina (Misiones).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Striped Delomys
13400609	Elasmodontomys	Anthony 1916	GENUS					Elasmodontomys	Heptaxodontidae	Rodentia	Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. vol.27 p.199	Elasmodontomys obliquus Anthony, 1916.	Heptaxodon  Anthony, 1917.				
13000641	Deltamys	Thomas 1917	GENUS					Deltamys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.20 p.98	Deltamys kempi Thomas, 1917.				Akodontini. Described as a genus, but usually treated as a subgenus of Akodon (e.g., Cabrera, 1961; Ellerman, 1941; Musser and Carleton, 1993; Reig, 1987; Smith and Patton, 1999), though not uniformly (Gyldenstolpe, 1932; Massoia, 1980b). Status of Deltamys recently argued as a genus (Bianchini and Delupi, 1994) and diagnosis so emended (González and Massoia, 1995). In cladistic analyses of allozymes (Barrantes et al., 1993) and gene sequences (DElía, 2003; DElía et al., 2003), D. kempi emerges as a basal sister-group to other Akodon sensu stricto. By itself, this cladistic dichotomy is ambiguous with regard to its ranking as merely distinctive subgenus or separate genus; the issue deserves further consideration based on a broader sampling of akodonts and other information.	
13000684	Kunsia fronto	Winge 1887	SPECIES			fronto		Kunsia	Cricetidae	Rodentia	E Museo Lundii vol.1 3 p.44		chacoensis (Gyldenstolpe, 1932); planaltensis Avila-Pires, 1972.	Isolated localities in NE Argentina, and EC Brazil; range poorly documented.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Taxonomy and distribution reviewed by Avila-Pires (1972).	Fossorial Kunsia
13000642	Deltamys kempi	Thomas 1917	SPECIES			kempi		Deltamys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.20 p.98		langguthi  Massoia, 1980 [nomen nudum]; langguthi González and Massoia, 1995.	EC Argentina, Uruguay, and SE Brazil (Rio Grande do SulGonzález and Massoia, 1995; also see DElía et al., 2003:Fig. 1).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Akodon kempi.	Distribution and ecology reviewed by Massoia (1964); karyotype (2n = 35-38, FN = 38) and unique sex-determining mechanism described by Sbalqueiro et al. (1984) and Castro et al. (1991). Status of populations exhibiting different karyotypes (Castro et al., 1991) warrants further investigation. See González and Pardiñas (2002, Mammalian Species, 711).	Kemps Akodont
13000643	Eligmodontia	F. Cuvier 1837	GENUS					Eligmodontia	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris), ser. 2 vol.7 p.169	Eligmodontia typus F. Cuvier, 1837.	Elimodon  Fitzinger, 1867; Eligmodon Wagner, 1841; Heligmodontia Aggasiz, 1846.			<p>Phyllotini. Morphologically similar to Calomys (Hershkovitz, 1962; Williams and Mares, 1978), but cladistic interpretations of morphological and molecular data represent the genus as more highly derived, usually as a basal clade to Phyllotis and various kin depending upon the taxa sampled (Braun, 1993; Engel et al., 1998; Spotorno et al., 2001; Steppan, 1993; Smith and Patton, 1999).</p><p>Revised by Hershkovitz (1962), who synonymized all forms as E. typus, but morphological, chromosomal, and distributional evidence supports greater species diversity (e.g., Kelt et al., 1991; Mann, 1978; Mares et al., 1989b; Osgood, 1943; Zambelli et al., 1992). The thrust of recent revisionary research has overwhelmingly reinforced the latter view (Hillyard et al., 1997; Sikes et al., 1997; Sportorno et al., 1994; Tiranti, 1997) and collectively indicates the number of species as at least four. Others are occasionally listed (Braun, 1993; Díaz and Barquez, 1999; ... [truncated]	
13001272	Carpomys phaeurus	Thomas 1895	SPECIES			phaeurus		Carpomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.16 p.162			Greater Luzon Faunal Region in the Philippines. Recorded only from Mt Data and Mt Kapilingan (Sanborn, 1952a), but likely occurs elsewhere in mountain forests of N Luzon.	IUCN  Data Deficient.		Small Luzon Carpomys
13000645	Eligmodontia morgani	J. A. Allen 1901	SPECIES			morgani		Eligmodontia	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.14 p.409			W Patagonian region of S Argentina (C Neuquén and SC Río Negro Provs. south to NW Santa Cruz; see Hillard et al., 1997:Fig. 2) and adjacent Chile.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	This species epithet was used by Kelt et al. (1991) for the 2n = 32 chromosomal form as compared with 2n = 44 in E. typus proper; the same contrast holds for other populations in sympatry or parapatry in SC Argentina (Tiranti, 1997; Zambelli et al., 1992). Multivariate analysis of craniodental variables underscores the strong morphological divergence of specimens with known karyotype and cytochrome b haplotype (Hillard et al., 1997; Sikes et al., 1997). Historical biogeography with regard to E. typus discussed by Hillard et al. (1997), who elaborated upon the complementarity of their present-day distributions to biotic provinces within Patagonia.	Western Patagonian Laucha
13000646	Eligmodontia puerulus	Philippi 1896	SPECIES			puerulus		Eligmodontia	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile, Zool. Ent. vol.13a p.20		hirtipes  (Thomas, 1902); jacunda Thomas, 1919; marica Thomas, 1918; tarapacensis Mann, 1945.	Altiplano, usually above 3000 m, of extreme S Perú, through NE Chile and WC Bolivia, to NW Argentina.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reduced to a subspecies of E. typus by Hershkovitz (1962), but morphological (Mann, 1978; Osgood, 1943) and karyotypic (Kelt et al., 1991; Ortells et al., 1989; Spotorno et al., 1994) data sustain the specific recognition of E. puerulus. Further systematic review is required: e.g., Braun (1993) and Díaz and Barquez (1999) viewed hirtipes as a separate species but Anderson (1997) did not; and Galliari et al. (1996) and Mares et al. (1997) listed marica as distinct.	Altiplano Laucha
13000663	Handleyomys fuscatus	J. A. Allen 1912	SPECIES			fuscatus		Handleyomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.31 p.89			Cordillera Occidental, 1700-2580 m, W Colombia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Aepomys fuscatus.	Formerly ranked as a species of Thomasomys (Ellerman, 1941), subspecies of Aepeomys lugens (Cabrera, 1961), or usually a species of Aepeomys (Gardner and Patton, 1976; Musser and Carleton, 1993). Karyotype highly divergent among oryzomyines and thomasomyines reported by Gardner and Patton (1976). Specific status reinforced by Voss et al. (2002), who morphologically and morphometrically contrasted it to H. intectus.	Dusky-footed Handleys Mouse
13600067	Hylomys suillus subsp. siamensis	Kloss 1916	SUBSPECIES		siamensis	suillus		Hylomys	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha							
13000647	Eligmodontia typus	F. Cuvier 1837	SPECIES			typus		Eligmodontia	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris), ser. 2 vol.7 p.169		elegans  (Waterhouse, 1837); hypogaeus (Cabrera, 1934); pamparum Thomas, 1913.	E Patagonian region of S Argentina, Buenos Aires and La Pampa Provs. southwards to Santa Cruz.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Hershkovitz (1962:185) discussed the uncertainty of the type locality (also see Ortells et al., 1989:138), which should be formally restricted in order to settle the morphological identification of E. typus and promote a critical definition of the species within the genus. See account of E. morgani for references on the morphometric, karyotypic, and molecular differentiation of the two species where their ranges approach one another or overlap. Cabrera (1961) referred Graomys hypogaeus Cabrera (1934) as a full synonym of Phyllotis griseoflavus medius, Massoia (1976) placed it in synonymy under E. typus sensu lato, and Williams and Mares (1978) questioned whether the type is a composite specimen; critical restudy of the holotype and new field collections are required to finally ascertain its status.	Eastern Patagonian Laucha
13000648	Euneomys	Coues 1874	GENUS					Euneomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.26 p.185	Reithrodon chinchilloides Waterhouse, 1839.	Chelemyscus  Thomas, 1925.			Reithrodontini. Sister genus to Neotomys Reithrodon­ based on cladistic evaluation of morphological characters (Ortiz et al., 2000b; Pardiñas, 1997; Steppan, 1995; Steppan and Sullivan, 2000). See remarks under Reithrodon on tribal affiliation. Relatively few specimens exist to substantiate the specific taxonomy and distribution of the genus. Revised by Hershkovitz (1962), who acknowledged several nominal species but indicated their probable synonymy under E. chinchilloides, as Mann (1978) later formalized for Chilean populations. Yañez et al. (1987) summarized extant specimen data for Euneomys and similarly concluded that only one species is represented. Others have recognized two or more (e.g., Gyldenstolpe, 1932; Osgood, 1943; Pearson and Christie, 1991; Pine et al., 1979; Reise and Gallardo, 1990). The latter arrangement is more nearly correct but must be documented by rigorous revisions.	
13000649	Euneomys chinchilloides	Waterhouse 1839	SPECIES			chinchilloides		Euneomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Zool. Voy. H. M. S. "Beagle," vol.Mammalia p.72		ultimus  Thomas, 1916.	Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, neighboring islands, and southernmost Chile (Magallanes); limits uncertain.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Hershkovitz (1962) had suggested that other nominal species would all prove to be synonyms of E. chinchilloides. His supposition has been taxonomically observed (Mann, 1978; Yañez et al., 1987) but misrepresents species diversity in the genus (see Pearson and Christie, 1991; Reise and Gallardo, 1990). Includes petersoni (see account below) according to Pearson and Christie (1991), Pearson (1995), and Reise and Gallardo (1990), but this synonymy requires more persuasive documentation. Also includes noei (see E. mordax account) according to Reise and Gallardo (1990), but this referral is incorrect.	Tierra del Fuego Euneomys
13000650	Euneomys fossor	Thomas 1899	SPECIES			fossor		Euneomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.4 p.280			Known only from the type locality, which is questionable as Euneomys is otherwise unrecorded this far north in Argentina (see Mares et al., 1989b).		Holotype of Reithrodon fossor Thomas, 1899, type species of Chelemyscus Thomas, 1925, is a composite, the designated type skull referable to Euneomys (Osgood, 1943:164; Pearson, 1984:231). Status is doubtful "the name Chelemyscus fossor should be attached to an appropriate species of Euneomys by some future revisor" (Pearson, 1984:231). Galliari et al. (1996) considered it a nomen dubium.	Burrowing Euneomys
13000675	Irenomys tarsalis	Philippi 1900	SPECIES			tarsalis		Irenomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mus. Nac. Chile Zool. vol.14 p.10		longicaudatus  (Philippi, 1900).	C and S Chile (see Saavedra and Simonetti, 2000, for northern range extension), including Chiloe and Guaitecas Isls, and adjacent Argentina (Neuquén to Chubut Provs.see Pardiñas et al., 2003b; Pearson, 1995).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Muñoz Pedreros (2000) maintained longicaudatus, along with nominate tarsalis, as subspecies for Chilean populations.	Large-footed Irenomys
13500195	Lepus nigricollis subsp. singhala	Wroughton 1915	SUBSPECIES		singhala	nigricollis	Indolagus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13000651	Euneomys mordax	Thomas 1912	SPECIES			mordax		Euneomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.10 p.410		noei  Mann, 1944.	WC Argentina (Mendoza and Neuquen Provs.) and adjacent region of Chile (Santiago, Bío-Bío, and Araucanía Provs.), apparently at higher elevations (1740-3000 m); range limits unknown.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Clearly a species distinct from the chinchilloides petersoni complex as conveyed by its large size, singular pattern of incisor grooving, and chromatic differences (Pearson and Christie, 1991; Reise and Gallardo, 1990). Pearson and Christie (1991) treated noei as conspecific with E. mordax, but Reise and Gallardo (1990) considered it a subjective synonym of E. chinchilloides. The former allocation is supported by the sulcation of the upper incisors (a wide, shallow trough about centrally positioned) that characterizes the holotype (USNM 391817); although a subadult, the dimensions of the molars, interorbit, and braincase describe a large animal, one fully as robust as E. mordax (e.g., examples from La Parva; USNM 399400, 399401). At the type locality (Valle de la Junta, Lo Valdes, 2500 m), the holotype was collected with another specimen (USNM 391818) that is referable to the chinchilloides petersoni complex, ... [truncated]	Large Euneomys
13000690	Loxodontomys pikumche	Spotorno, Cofre, Manriquez, Vilina, Marquet, and Walker 1998	SPECIES			pikumche		Loxodontomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Rev. Chilena Hist. Nat. vol.71 p.362			C Chile; limits unknown.		Northern sister species to L. micropus and allopatric with it as so far known, the two differing in chromosomal and morphological traits (Spotorno et al., 1998).	Pikumche Pericote
13000652	Euneomys petersoni	J. A. Allen 1903	SPECIES			petersoni		Euneomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.19 p.192		dabbeni  Thomas, 1919.	WC Argentina (Neuquen Prov.) and C Chile (Santiago Prov.) southwards to extreme S Argentina and adjacent Chile, excluding Tierra del Fuego; limits uncertain.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Relegated to a subspecies or full synonym of E. chinchilloides by most systematists (Gyldenstolpe, 1932; Hershkovitz, 1962; Mann, 1978; Muñoz Pedreros, 2000; Pearson, 1995; Pearson and Christie, 1991; Reise and Gallardo, 1990; Yañez et al., 1987). While examples of both E. chinchilloides (e.g., FMNH 50600, 50601, 50736; USNM 482138-482140) and E. petersoni (e.g., FMNH 50583, 50584-50593, 50595-50599; USNM 84197, 84200, 84202) possess upper incisors with distinct mediolateral grooves, the series otherwise differ in size and color, abrupt contrasts over relatively short geographic distances that persuaded Osgood (1943) to maintain each as species. A strong size separation is actually conveyed in the morphometric analysis of Reise and Gallardo (1990:Fig. 3), which employed all variables and in which samples of chinchilloides proper are non-overlapping in multivariate space (Note that certain operational taxonomic units defined by those auth... [truncated]	Petersons Euneomys
13000653	Galenomys	Thomas 1916	GENUS					Galenomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.17 p.143	Phyllotis garleppi Thomas, 1898.				Phyllotini. Named as a subgenus of Euneomys, later elevated to genus (Thomas, 1926a), and reassociated as a subgenus of Phyllotis (Ellerman, 1941; Osgood, 1947; Corbet and Hill, 1991). Revised by Hershkovitz (1962), who considered Galenomys a distinct genus, as did Pearson (1958); phylogenetic evaluation of morphological characters depicts Galenomys as closely related to species of Ausliscomys (Braun, 1993; Steppan, 1995).	
13000654	Galenomys garleppi	Thomas 1898	SPECIES			garleppi		Galenomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.1 p.279			Altiplano, generally above 3000 m, of S Perú, N Chile, and adjacent Bolivia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Garlepps Pericote
13000655	Geoxus	Thomas 1919	GENUS					Geoxus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.3 p.207	Oxymycterus valdivianus Philippi, 1858.				Akodontini (S Andean clade). Revised by Osgood (1925, 1943) as part of Notiomyssee remarks under Chelemys. Sister genus to Pearsonomys according to maximum parsimony and likelihood analyses of cytochrome b sequences (Smith and Patton, 1999).	
13000670	Ichthyomys hydrobates	Winge 1891	SPECIES			hydrobates		Ichthyomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Vidensk. Medd. Nat. Foren. Kjobenhavn, ser. 5 vol.3 p.20		nicefori  Thomas, 1924; soderstromi Tate, 1931.	Andes of W Venezuela, Colombia, and N Ecuador.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Taxonomy and distribution reviewed by Voss (1988), who retained nicefori and soderstromi as subspecies.	Silver-bellied Ichthyomyine
13500058	Ochotona nubrica subsp. lhasaensis	Feng and Kao 1974	SUBSPECIES		lhasaensis	nubrica	Ochotona	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha							
13000656	Geoxus valdivianus	Philippi 1858	SPECIES			valdivianus		Geoxus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Arch. Naturgesch. vol.24 1 p.303		araucanus  (Osgood, 1925); bicolor (Osgood, 1943); bullocki (Osgood, 1943); chiloensis (Osgood, 1925); fossor Thomas, 1919; michaelseni (Matschie, 1898); microtis (J. A. Allen, 1903).	C and S Chile (see Saavedra and Simonetti, 2001, for northern range extension), including Mocha and Chiloe Isls, to Straits of Magellan, and S Argentina (Neuquén to Santa Cruz Provs.).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Pearson (1984) noted the uncertainty of the generic association and specific status of michaelseni, which has been arranged as a subspecies (Osgood, 1943; Patterson, 1992b) or later listed as species (Reig, 1987). The taxons status and relationship clearly merit further study. Subspecific distributions in Chile sketched by Muñoz Pedreros (2000).	Valdivian Long-clawed Akodont
13000686	Lenoxus	Thomas 1909	GENUS					Lenoxus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.4 p.236	Oxymycterus apicalis J. A. Allen, 1900.				Akodontini. Viewed as closely related to Oxymycterus by Reig (1987), but electrophoretic data reveal Lenoxus as cladistically removed from Oxymycterus proper (Patton et al., 1989) and gene sequences indicate closer relationship to a clade including Blarinomys, Brucepattersonius, Kunsia, and Scapteromys (DElía, 2003; DElía et al., 2003; Smith and Patton, 1999).	
13500150	Lepus capensis subsp. atlanticus	de Winton 1898	SUBSPECIES		atlanticus	capensis		Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha						Part of a group of subspecies from Northwest Africa (Mahgreb).	
13000657	Graomys	Thomas 1916	GENUS					Graomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.17 p.141	Mus griseoflavus Waterhouse, 1837.	Bothriomys  Ameghino, 1889.			<p>Phyllotini. Doubtfully retained as a genus distinct from Phyllotis by Ellerman (1941), later included in Phyllotis as a formal subgeneric division (Osgood, 1947; Pearson, 1958) or not (Hershkovitz, 1962). Thomas (1919) remained firm regarding the generic distinctiveness of Phyllotis and Graomys, and the latter was so reinstated based on karyological data (Pearson and Patton, 1976) and other traits (see Olds and Anderson, 1989; Reig, 1978). Generic stature uniformly reinforced in broad phylogenetic studies of phyllotine taxa, using either morphological characters (Braun, 1993; Steppan, 1993, 1995) or molecular data (Anderson and Yates, 2000). Also see remarks under Andalgalomys, which Steppan (1995) included as a subjective synonym of Graomys.</p><p>Williams and Mares (1978) transferred Graomys pearsoni Myers, 1977, to Andalgalomys, and Massoia (1976) synonymized G. hypogaeus Cabrera, 1934, with Eligmodontia typ... [truncated]	
13000691	Lundomys	Voss and Carleton 1993	GENUS					Lundomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.3085 p.5	Hesperomys molitor Winge, 1887.				Oryzomyini. A tetralophodont form related to Holochilus, Noronhomys, and Pseudoryzomys (Carleton and Olson, 1999; Voss and Carleton, 1993; Weksler, 2003).	
13000658	Graomys centralis	Thomas 1902	SPECIES			centralis		Graomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.9 p.240			C Argentina (La Rioja, Catamarca, and Córdoba Provs.); distributional limits uncertain.		Described as a subspecies of griseoflavus and early recognized at that rank (Cabrera, 1961; Ellerman, 1941; Gyldenstolpe, 1932); later merged as a full synonym of Phyllotis g. griseoflavus by Hershkovitz (1962). Substantial divergence in allozymes, genomic content, and karyotypes, together with laboratory breeding results, collectively supports the specific status of populations referrable to centralis (Ramírez et al., 2001; Theiler and Blanco, 1996; Theiler and Gardenal, 1994; Theiler et al., 1999; Zambelli et al., 1994), as known from C Argentina. However, whether centralis will prove to be the oldest name to apply to the 2n = 42 karyomorph, versus 2n = 36-38 in G. griseoflavus, or whether other names should be added to its synonymy, will require broader analyses of populations of Graomys, especially those yet included within G. griseoflavus; see Tiranti (1998a) for a thoughtful overview of the geogra... [truncated]	Central Pericote
13000659	Graomys domorum	Thomas 1902	SPECIES			domorum		Graomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.9 p.132		taterona  Thomas, 1926.	E slopes of Andes in SC Bolivia (600-3700 m) and NW Argentina.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Maintained as species by Cabrera (1961), but ranked as a subspecies of griseoflavus by Hershkovitz (1962). Chromosomal divergence reported by Pearson and Patton (1976), who reinstated domorum as a species (also see Olds et al., 1987). Reig (1978) followed Cabrera (1961) in allocating taterona to G. domorum, and Anderson (1997) maintained the latter as a definable subspecies.	Pale Pericote
13000660	Graomys edithae	Thomas 1919	SPECIES			edithae		Graomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.3 p.495			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Status uncertainplaced as a full synonym of griseoflavus medius (Cabrera, 1961); retained as a nominal species of Phyllotis (Hershkovitz, 1962) or of Graomys (Gyldenstolpe, 1932; Mares et al., 1997; Myers, 1977; Williams and Mares, 1978); or considered a nomen dubium (Galliari et al., 1996). Thomas (1919) measurements certainly characterize G. edithae as a smaller form than cachinus and medius, taxa collected at lower elevations in the region of Otro Cerro and now regarded as examples of the larger G. griseoflavus. Reinvestigation of original type series, along with altitudinal transects across vegetation zones in the region, would shed much light. Using an old map (1893) of Catamarca Province, as cited by Cabrera (1961:487), Pardiñas (pers. com.) located the type locality Otro Cerro in the Sierra de Ambato, Capayán Dept., ca. 31.5 km W Huillapima and 16.5 km NNW Chumbicha; formal amendment should be effected in a ... [truncated]	Otro Cerro Pericote
13000661	Graomys griseoflavus	Waterhouse 1837	SPECIES			griseoflavus		Graomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1837 p.28		cachinus  (J. A. Allen, 1901); chacoensis (J. A. Allen, 1901); lockwoodi Thomas, 1918; medius Thomas, 1919.	SC Bolivia, W Paraguay, and nearby Brazil, south through W Argentina to S Chubut Prov.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	See remarks under G. centralis and G. domorum, taxa formerly included under G. griseoflavus as revised by Hershkovitz (1962). Pardiñas (1995) reallocated the late Pleistocene forms Bothriomys catenatus and Oxymicterus impexus, described by Ameghino (1889), as full synonyms of G. griseoflavus; these reallocations and other fossil sites in Buenos Aires establish the broader distribution of the species in the late Pleistocene.	Common Pericote
13000671	Ichthyomys pittieri	Handley and Mondolfi 1963	SPECIES			pittieri		Ichthyomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Acta Biol. Venezuela vol.3 p.417			Cordillera Central, N Venezuela (see Linares, 1998:Fig. 164).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Taxonomy reviewed by Voss (1988).	Pittiers Ichthyomyine
13000672	Ichthyomys stolzmanni	Thomas 1893	SPECIES			stolzmanni		Ichthyomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1893 p.339		orientalis  Anthony, 1923.	E Ecuador and Perú.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Taxonomy and distribution reviewed by Voss (1988), who retained orientalis as a subspecies.	Stolzmanns Ichthyomyine
13000687	Lenoxus apicalis	J. A. Allen 1900	SPECIES			apicalis		Lenoxus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.13 p.224		boliviae  Sanborn, 1950.	Cloud forest of E Andean slopes, about 1500-2500 m, in SE Perú and WC Bolivia (La Paz Dept.).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Anderson (1997) used boliviae as subspecies for the Bolivian populations.	White-tailed Akodont
13400363	Ctenomys validus	Contreras, Roig, and Suzarte 1977	SPECIES			validus		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Physis. Sec. C. vol.36 92 p.160			Mendoza Prov. (Argentina).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Closely related to johannis according to Contreras et al. (1977).	Guanacache Tuco-tuco
13000662	Handleyomys	Voss, Gómez-Laverde, and Pacheco 2002	GENUS					Handleyomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.3373 p.5	Aepeomys fuscatus J. A. Allen, 1912.				Oryzomyini. The two species, fuscatus and intectus, composing this new genus had been recognized as problematic members within their genera of original description, Aepeomys and Oryzomys respectively (e.g., Gardner and Patton, 1976; Musser and Carleton, 1993; Ochoa et al., 2001). Discrimination from those genera, morphological description, distribution, and ecological information supplied by Voss et al. (2002). Females lack pectoral mammae as common to most oryzomyine species (see Voss and Carleton, 1993), but Handleyomys possesses other synapomorphies that cladistically affiliate it with that tribe, a relationship supported by molecular evaluation (Weksler, 2003). Nearest relatives remain uncertain (Voss et al., 2002); affiliated with certain Middle American Oryzomys according to nuclear DNA sequence data (Weksler, 2003).	
13000664	Handleyomys intectus	Thomas 1921	SPECIES			intectus		Handleyomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.8 p.356			Cordillera Central, 1500-2800 m, C Colombia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Oryzomys intectus.	A species whose distinctive traits have confusingly invoked its past association with Oryzomys balneator or Melanomys (Gyldenstolpe, 1932), Nectomys (Ellerman, 1941), or the subgenus Oryzomys (Cabrera, 1961). Reallocated to Handleyomys and compared with H. fuscatus by Voss et al. (2002).	White-footed Handleys Mouse
13000665	Holochilus	Brandt 1835	GENUS					Holochilus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersbourg, ser. 6 vol.3 2 p.428	Holochilus sciureus Wagner, 1842 (by subsequent designation - see comments below).	Holochilomys  Brandt, 1855.			<p>Oryzomyini. Arranged by Hershkovitz (1955a) as one of four genera of sigmodont rodents. Based on reproductive anatomy, Hooper and Musser (1964) remarked that Holochilus may represent a "well differentiated oryzomyine rather than a sigmodont." Retained, with Sigmodon proper, in the tribe Sigmodontini by Reig (1984, 1986); transferred to Oryzomyini by Voss and Carleton (1993), who associated Holochilus within a tetralophodont clade that includes Pseudoryzomys and Lundomys (also see Carleton and Olson, 1999). Membership in Oryzomyini sustained by taxonomically broad, cladistic studies of morphological, karyological, and molecular characters (Baker et al., 1983; Malygin and Rosmiarek, 1997; Smith and Patton, 1999; Steppan, 1995; Weksler, 2003).</p><p>We follow the proposal of Voss and Abramson (1999) for designating H. sciureus Wagner, 1842, as the type species of Holochilus in order to continue traditional usage of the genu... [truncated]	
13000666	Holochilus brasiliensis	Desmarest 1819	SPECIES			brasiliensis		Holochilus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., Nouv. ed. vol.29 p.62		anguyu  (Brandt, 1835); cancellinus Wagner, 1843; darwini Thomas, 1897; leucogaster (Brandt, 1835); russatus (Wagner, 1848); vulpinus (Brants, 1827).	SE Brazil, Uruguay, and EC Argentina.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Morphological definition and geographic range reduced in scope by Massoia (1980a, 1981), who segregated H. sciureus as a species distinct from H. brasiliensis. González (2000b) retained vulpinus as a subspecies for Uruguayan populations.	Brazilian Marsh Rat
13000667	Holochilus chacarius	Thomas 1906	SPECIES			chacarius		Holochilus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.18 p.446		balnearum  Thomas, 1906.	Paraguay and NE Argentina.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Considered distinct by Massoia (1980a), who treated balnearum as a synonym; Reig (1986) mentioned balnearum as another good species. Highly variable in diploid (2n = 48-56) and fundamental numbers (Nachman, 1992b; Nachman and Myers, 1989; Vidal et al., 1976). Nachman (1992a) recognized Paraguayan samples (as H. brasiliensis chacarius) as karyotypically distinguishable and specifically distinct from Argentinian populations (as H. vulpinus).	Chacoan Marsh Rat
13000668	Holochilus sciureus	Wagner 1842	SPECIES			sciureus		Holochilus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Arch. Naturgesch., ser. 8 vol.1 p.16		amazonicus  Osgood, 1915; berbericensis Morrison-Scott, 1937; guianae Thomas, 1901; incarum Thomas, 1920; multannus Ameghino, 1889; nanus Thomas, 1897; venezuelae J. A. Allen, 1904.	Broad reaches of Orinoco and Amazon River basins: Venezuela (including an isolated locality in the Maracaibo Basin, NW of the Andes; see Linares, 1998:Fig. 169), Guianas, N and C Brazil, and Amazonian regions of Colombia, Ecuador, Perú, and Bolivia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Discrimination from H. brasiliensis documented by Massoia (1980a, 1981), who raised sciureus to specific rank. Many forms swept under Hershkovitzs (1955a) concept of brasiliensis actually belong to this "species," which itself is a compositee.g., Amazonian populations characterized by a 2n = 55-56 (Patton et al., 2000), but Venezuelan populations characterized by 2n = 44 (Aguilera and Perez-Zapata, 1989). The latter authors, and Aguilera et al. (1993), have recognized H. venezuelae as a species, but Linares (1998) continued to employ H. sciureus for those same series, acknowledging venezuelae as a subspecies. In addition to venezuelae, Reig (1986) listed amazonicus and guianae as probable valid species. The persisting disagreement over number of valid species, uncertain correspondence of karyotypic variants to definable morphologies, and vagueness of distributional limits will only be il... [truncated]	Amazonian Marsh Rat
13000676	Juliomys	González 2000	GENUS					Juliomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Com. Zool. Mus. Hist. Nat. Montevideo vol.12 196 p.3	Thomasomys pictipes Osgood, 1933.				Sigmodontinae incertae sedis. Osgood (1933b) described pictipes as another species of "Thomasomys" endemic to the Atlantic Forest region of SE South America. Provisionally reassigned to Wilfredomys by Musser and Carleton (1993) on the assertions of Osgood (1933b) and Pine (1980b) that pictipes is most closely related to Thomasomys oenax, type species of Avila-Pires (1960b) Wilfredomys. With description of Juliomys, all of the principal thomasomyine morphological themes in SE South America have now been generically isolated. However, Gonzálezs (2000a) diagnosis serves mainly to repeat or reinforce contrasts between the species pictipes and oenax, whose differentiation is already well established (Osgood, 1933b; Pine, 1980). The broader issue of cladistic relations among these SE endemics still requires elucidation to adjudge generically meaningful clades and tribal membershi... [truncated]	
13000677	Juliomys pictipes	Osgood 1933	SPECIES			pictipes		Juliomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser. vol.20 2 p.11			NE Argentina and SE Brazil (São Paulo and Santa Catarina).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Wilfredomys pictipes.	See González (2000a:4) for remarks on location and habitat of the type locality. Karyotype (2n = 36, FN = 34) reported (as Wilfredomys pictipes) by Bonvicino and Otazu (1999), who noted many banding patterns congruent with Rhipidomys species and generally weak homologies with those of Delomys.	Contreras Juliomys
13000678	Juliomys rimofrons	Oliveira and Bonvicino 2002	SPECIES			rimofrons		Juliomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Acta Theriol. vol.47 3 p.310			Known only from the type locality, SE Brazil.		Similar to J. pictipes, but J. rimofrons possesses longer pelage, fewer chromosomes (2n = 20, FN = 34), and a carotid arterial circulation with a supraorbital branch (Oliveira and Bonvicino, 2002).	Cleft-headed Juliomys
13000679	Juscelinomys	Moojen 1965	GENUS					Juscelinomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Rev. Brasil. Biol. vol.25 p.281	Juscelinomys candango Moojen, 1965.				<p>Akodontini. Reig (1987:36) viewed Juscelinomys as "an akodontine closely related to Oxymycterus and Lenoxus," an assessment consistent with initial parsimony analyses using cytochrome b data (Emmons, 1999b). In evaluations of cytochrome b and IRBP sequences, Juscelinomys is portrayed as sister genus to Oxymycterus and more distantly related to Lenoxus (DElía, 2003). Morphological discrimination from Oxymycterus and Brucepattersonius amplified by Emmons (1999b). Collection of additional series is necessary to corroborate the distinction of the described species and to amplify their distributions.</p><p>Moojen (1965) provisionally referred Winges (1887) Oxymycterus talpinus to Juscelinomys. Langguth (in Fonseca et al., 1996) commented that the form, known to date only as a subfossil, should not be acknowledged as a recent species (e.g., Musser and Carleton, 1993), but in view of the red... [truncated]	
13000680	Juscelinomys candango	Moojen 1965	SPECIES			candango		Juscelinomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Rev. Brasil. Biol. vol.25 p.281			C Brazil.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Morphology of type series amplified by Emmons (1999b) and compared with two new species (see next accounts).	Candango Akodont
13000681	Juscelinomys guaporensis	Emmons 1999	SPECIES			guaporensis		Juscelinomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.3280 p.4			Known only from the type locality.		The type and single known specimen is cranially similar to J. candango but smaller and has different colored pelage.	Guaporé Akodont
13000682	Juscelinomys huanchacae	Emmons 1999	SPECIES			huanchacae		Juscelinomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.3280 p.2			Known only from the type locality.		The type and single known specimen is the largest individual recorded for the genus.	Huanchaca Akodont
13000683	Kunsia	Hershkovitz 1966	GENUS					Kunsia	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Z. Säugetierk. vol.31 2 p.112	Mus tomentosus Lichtenstein, 1830.				Akodontini. Species formerly included in Scapteromys until set apart in Kunsia by Hershkovitz (1966c), who arranged both genera in the "scapteromyine group," which he viewed as closely related to oxymycterines. Formal tribal segregation of the two genera, later including Bibimys, advanced by Massoia (1979b) and Reig (1980, 1981). Although the probable sister genus of Scapteromys, parsimony and likelihood analyses of cytochrome b data represent the two as nested within the akodontine radiation and distantly related to Bibimys (DElía et al., 2003; Smith and Patton, 1999). DElía (2003) identified the pair Kunsia Scapteromys as one of five major clades within Akodontini. Karyology summarized by Gardner and Patton (1976). Confirmation of species limits, junior synonyms, and geographic ranges overdue.	
13000695	Megalomys luciae	Major 1901	SPECIES			luciae		Megalomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.7 p.206			Known only from Santa Lucia.	IUCN  Extinct.	Provisionally retained as species by Ray (1962), who suspected that improved samples would demonstrate conspecificity with M. desmarestii.	Santa Lucian Pilorie
13000685	Kunsia tomentosus	Lichtenstein 1830	SPECIES			tomentosus		Kunsia	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Darst. Säugeth. vol.7 15 p.33		gnambiquarae  (Mirando Ribeiro, 1914); principalis (Lund, 1840).	NE Bolivia (Beni and Santa Cruz Depts.Anderson, 1993, 1997) and WC Brazil (Mato Grosso); Pleistocene cave samples in Minas Gerais, Brazil.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Rare in collections; range inadequately known. See Massoia and Fornes (1965) and Hershkovitz (1966c) for justification of synonymy.	Woolly Kunsia
13000688	Loxodontomys	Osgood 1947	GENUS					Loxodontomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	J. Mamm. vol.28 p.172	Mus micropus Waterhouse, 1837.				Phyllotini. Diagnosed as a subgenus of Phyllotis and maintained at that rank (Pearson, 1958) or as a full synonym (Hershkovitz, 1962). Transferred to Auliscomys, employed as a genus, by Simonetti and Spotorno (1980). Based on morphological studies, however, the species do not cladistically nest within Auliscomys or Phyllotis proper but instead are associated with a clade containing Reithrodon and variably other genera (Braun, 1993; Spotorno et al., 1998; Steppan, 1993, 1995).	
13000689	Loxodontomys micropus	Waterhouse 1837	SPECIES			micropus		Loxodontomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1837 p.17		alsus  (Thomas, 1919); fumipes (Osgood, 1943).	S Andes of Chile and Argentina, from about 38°S latitude to Straits of Magellan.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Auliscomys micropus.	Revised by Pearson (1958); banded karyotype published by Spotorno and Walker (1979).	Southern Pericote
13000708	Neacomys dubosti	Voss, Lunde, and Simmons 2001	SPECIES			dubosti		Neacomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Nat. Hist. vol.263 p.78			SE Surinam, French Guiana, and Amapá, Brazil.		Morphological comparisons with N. guianae, N. paracou, and N. tenuipes provided by Voss et al. (2001). Known sympatrically with N. guianae and N. paracou.	Dubosts Neacomys
13000692	Lundomys molitor	Winge 1887	SPECIES			molitor		Lundomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	E Museo Lundii vol.1 3 p.14		magnus  Hershkovitz, 1955.	SE Brazil and Uruguay.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Holochilus magnus.	Species originally described based on fossils from Recent cave deposits in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Extant populations (described as Holochilus magnus Hershkovitz, 1955) apparently restricted to Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and Uruguay (González, 2000b; Olrog and Lucero, 1981), but Pleistocene fossils known from EC Argentina (Pardiñas, 2000b). Banded karyotypic comparisons with H. brasiliensis presented by Freitas et al. (1983a, as H. magnus); synonymy of magnus demonstrated by Voss and Carleton (1993); González (2000b) recognized magnus as a subspecies for Uruguayan populations.	Lunds Amphibious Rat
13000693	Megalomys	Trouessart 1881	GENUS					Megalomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Le Naturaliste vol.1 p.357	Mus pilorides (Desmarest, 1826 = Mus desmarestii Fischer, 1829).	Moschomys  Trouessart, 1903 [unnecessary substitute for Megalomys; not Moschomys Billberg, 1827 = Ondatra]; Moschophoromys Elliot, 1904 [unnecessary substitute for Moschomys].			<p>Oryzomyini. Derived postcranial traits of Megalomys are consistent with its association within Sigmodontinae sensu stricto (lack of entepicondylar foramen, tuberculum of 1<sup>st</sup> rib contacting both the 1<sup>st</sup> thoracic and 7<sup>th</sup> cervical vertebrae; as per M. desmarestii, BMNH 1850.11.30.6); other cranial characters more narrowly point to its membership within Oryzomyini (long palate with prominent posterolateral pits, absence of alisphenoid strut; as per M. luciae, BMNH 53.12.16.2, and M. desmarestii, BMNH 50.11.30.6 and 55.12.24.201), as diagnosed by Voss and Carleton (1993). A combination of features suggests that the close relatives of Megalomys may be sought among certain derived oryzomyines, such as Oryzomys sensu stricto, or Nectomys (e.g., thenar and hypothenar pads present but barely indicated; molars brachyodont and pentalophodont, with M1/m1 four-rooted; supraorbital and tem... [truncated]	
13000694	Megalomys desmarestii	Fischer 1829	SPECIES			desmarestii		Megalomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Synopsis Mamm. p.316		pilorides  (Desmarest, 1826) [preoccupied by Mus pilorides Pallas, 1778, a composite]; piloris (Major, 1901).	Known only from Martinique.	IUCN  Extinct.	As compared with M. luciae (BMNH 53.12.16.2, the holotype), the cranium of M. desmarestii (BMNH 50.11.30.6, 55.12.24.201) is generally larger in all dimensions, its m3 larger relative to m2, and the upper incisors yellowish-orange instead of plain orange.	Desmarests Pilorie
13000696	Megaoryzomys	Lenglet and Coppois 1979	GENUS					Megaoryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bull. Acad. R. Belgique, Classe des Sciences, Sér 5. vol.65 p.635	Megalomys curioi Niethammer, 1964.				Sigmodontinae incertae sedis. Originally described under Megalomys, an oryzomyine taxon endemic to the Lesser Antilles. Morphological contrasts with Megalomys and biogeographic implausibilty of that identity addressed by Steadman and Ray (1982), who instead emphasized its similarities to large species of extant Thomasomys and Rhipidomys and formally allied it under Thomasomyini. While not an oryzomyine per se, as demonstrated by Steadman and Ray, the relationships and tribal affiliation of the unfortunately christened Megaoryzomys deserve reconsideration within a broader sampling of New World cricetids and from a cladistic perspective (also see remarks and comparisons by Hutterer and Oromi, 1993, and Leo L. and Gardner, 1993). Hutterer and Oromi (1993) considered that the presence and distinctiveness of Megaoryzomys suggested three independent colonizations of the Galapágos Isls by cricetid rodents, Nesoryzomys and Oryzomys... [truncated]	
13000808	Oryzomys marinhus	Bonvicino 2003	SPECIES			marinhus		Oryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Mamm. Biol. vol.68 p.84			Known only from the type locality in the Cerrado, SC Brazil.		O. subflavus species group. Size larger than O. subflavus, with better developed supraorbital ridges and distinctive karyotype (2n = 56, FN = 54).	Marinhos Oryzomys
13000697	Megaoryzomys curioi	Niethammer 1964	SPECIES			curioi		Megaoryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Mammalia vol.28 p.596			Known only from late Quaternary and subfossil cave deposits (precise age indeterminate) on Santa Cruz Isl.	Dead but not forgotten.	Lectotype designated by Steadman and Ray (1982:6). See Hutterer and Oromi (1993) for commentary on varied renditions of the type locality, morphological redescription based on new samples, and discussion of the taxons very recent extinction given its recovery with bones of Nesoryzomys and Mus.	Galapágos Giant Rat
13000698	Melanomys	Thomas 1902	GENUS					Melanomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.10 p.248	Oryzomys phaeopus Thomas, 1894 (= Hesperomys caliginosus Tomes, 1860).				Oryzomyini. Usually arranged as a subgenus of Oryzomys since Goldmans (1918) revision (e.g., Cabrera, 1961; Ellerman, 1941; Hall, 1981; Reig, 1986; Tate, 1932e). J. A. Allen (1913), however, provided morphological criteria, as contrasted to the type species (= Mus palustris) of Oryzomys, defending his retention of Melanomys as a genus, as did Gyldenstolpe (1932); its synonymy in Oryzomys proper deserves more rigorous, character-based, phylogenetic substantiation. The taxon has not been revised; the three nominal species listed stem from Cabrera (1961), who acknowledged his solely literature-based interpretation as provisional; Allen (1913) had recognized nine and Gyldenstolpe (1932) listed eight. A morphologically distinctive and distributionally circumscribed taxon ripe for revisionary and biogeographic study.	
13000709	Neacomys guianae	Thomas 1905	SPECIES			guianae		Neacomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.16 p.310			Guianas, S Venezuela, and N Brazil.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Morphological comparisons with N. dubosti, N. paracou, and N. tenuipes provided by Voss et al. (2001). Known sympatrically with N. dubosti and N. paracou.	Guianan Neacomys
13000699	Melanomys caliginosus	Tomes 1860	SPECIES			caliginosus		Melanomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1860 p.263		affinis  (J. A. Allen, 1912); buenavistae J. A. Allen, 1913; chrysomelas (J. A. Allen, 1897); columbianus (J. A. Allen, 1899); idoneus (Goldman, 1912); lomitensis J. A. Allen, 1913; monticola (J. A. Allen, 1912); obscurior (Thomas, 1894); olivinus (Thomas, 1902); oroensis J. A. Allen, 1913; phaeopus (Thomas, 1894); tolimensis J. A. Allen, 1913; vallicola J. A. Allen, 1913.	Central American lowlands from easternmost Honduras through Panamá; in South America, N and W Colombia, including the Chocó (see Cadena et al., 1998), to SW Ecuador and NW Venezuela.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Chromosomal complement described by Gardner and Patton (1976).	Dusky Melanomys
13000700	Melanomys robustulus	Thomas 1914	SPECIES			robustulus		Melanomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.14 p.243			SE Ecuador.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	A distinct species judged from our study of specimens in the AMNH and BMNH.	Robust Melanomys
13000701	Melanomys zunigae	Sanborn 1949	SPECIES			zunigae		Melanomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Publ. Mus. Hist. Nat., Javier Prado, Zool. vol.1 3 p.2			WC Perú.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Zunigas Melanomys
13000702	Microakodontomys	Hershkovitz 1993	GENUS					Microakodontomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Fieldiana Zool., N.S. vol.75 p.2	Microakodontomys transitorius Hershkovitz, 1993.				Oryzomyini. Provisionally left as Sigmodontinae incertae sedis by Hershkovitz (1993:2), who remarked that "Overall resemblance to Microryzomys and Oligoryzomys suggests differentiation from an oryzomyine stock in a scrub brush habitat transitional between forest and savanna." To us, the holotype displays features that clearly ally it with Oryzomyini sensu Voss and Carleton (1993). Founded on a single young specimen with damaged skull, the diagnostic traits of this new genus and species, which "could be mistaken for a well-differentiated species of Oligoryzomys" (Hershkovitz, 1993:4), should be verified with improved series from the type locality.	
13000703	Microakodontomys transitorius	Hershkovitz 1993	SPECIES			transitorius		Microakodontomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Fieldiana Zool., N.S. vol.75 p.2			Known only from the type locality.			Transitional Colilargo
13000704	Microryzomys	Thomas 1917	GENUS					Microryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Smithson. Misc. Coll. vol.68 p.1	Hesperomys minutus Tomes, 1860.	Thallomyscus  Thomas, 1926.			Oryzomyini. Named as a subgenus of Oryzomys and either retained as such (Cabrera, 1961; Ellerman, 1941; Osgood, 1933a) or placed in synonymy with Oligoryzomys (Gyldenstolpe, 1932; Tate, 1932e; Thomas, 1926). Junior synonymy of Thallomyscus established by Osgood (1933a). Raised to genus by Carleton and Musser (1984) and later revised by them (1989). Cladistically primitive member of Oryzomyini, sharing certain morphological traits with Oligoryzomys (Carleton and Musser, 1989; Carleton and Olson, 1999); sister genus to Neacomys according to gene sequence studies (Myers et al., 1995; Patton and da Silva, 1995; Smith and Patton, 1999) or to the Neacomys Oligoryzomys clade according to allozymic analyses (Dickerman and Yates, 1995).	
13000762	Oecomys speciosus	J. A. Allen and Chapman 1893	SPECIES			speciosus		Oecomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.5 p.212		caicarae  J. A. Allen, 1913; trichurus (J. A. Allen, 1899).	Savannahs of NE Colombia, C and N Venezuela, and Trinidad.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Savannah Oecomys
13000705	Microryzomys altissimus	Osgood 1933	SPECIES			altissimus		Microryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser. vol.20 p.5		chotanus  Hershkovitz, 1940; hylaeus Hershkovitz, 1940.	Subalpine and páramo formations, mostly 2500-4000 m, in the Andes of Colombia, Ecuador, and Perú.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Diagnosed as a subspecies of Oryzomys minutus but elevated to species by Hershkovitz (1940), who named two additional subspecies. Subspecific arrangement followed by Cabrera (1961) but none retained by Carleton and Musser (1989).	Páramo Colilargo
13500209	Lepus saxatilis subsp. subrufus	Roberts 1913	SUBSPECIES		subrufus	saxatilis		Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13800335	Pteropus melanotus subsp. niadicus	Miller 1906	SUBSPECIES		niadicus	melanotus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						melanotus species group.	
13000706	Microryzomys minutus	Tomes 1860	SPECIES			minutus		Microryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1860 p.215		aurillus  (Thomas, 1917); dryas (Thomas, 1898); fulvirostris (J. A. Allen, 1912); humilior (Thomas, 1898).	Lower montane to subalpine forest, mostly 2000-3500 m, from N Venezuela, through Colombia, Ecuador and Perú, to WC Bolivia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Formerly included altissimus as a subspecies by Osgood (1933a), who also treated aurillus, humilior, and fulvirostris as subspecies. No races were deemed diagnosable by Carleton and Musser (1989).	Montane Colilargo
13000707	Neacomys	Thomas 1900	GENUS					Neacomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.5 p.153	Hesperomys spinosus Thomas, 1882.				Oryzomyini. Sister genus to Microryzomys according to gene sequence studies (Myers et al., 1995; Patton and da Silva, 1995; Smith and Patton, 1999; Weksler, 2003) or to Oligoryzomys according to allozymic analyses (Dickerman and Yates, 1995). Recent taxonomic descriptions and detailed regional comparisons have markedly improved understanding of species diversity and their morphological discrimination (Patton et al., 2000; Voss et al., 2001). Delineation of yet other species and enhancement of distributional limits still required (e.g., see Malygin and Rosmiarek, 1996; Patton et al., 2000). Preliminary molecular geographic patterns discerned by Patton et al. (2000) offer a template for future taxonomic studies.	
13000710	Neacomys minutus	Patton, da Silva, and Malcolm 2000	SPECIES			minutus		Neacomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Hist. vol.244 p.105			So far known from the central and lower drainage of the Rio Juruá, W Brazil; range limits require amplification.		Morphological, karyological (2n = 35-36), and molecular differentiation from N. musseri and N. spinosus presented by Patton et al. (2000). Known sympatrically with N. spinosus.	Minute Neacomys
13000711	Neacomys musseri	Patton, da Silva, and Malcolm 2000	SPECIES			musseri		Neacomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Hist. vol.244 p.98			So far known from the headwaters of the Rio Juruá, SE Perú and extreme W Brazil; range limits require amplification.		Morphology, karyology (2n = 34), and genetic differentiation from N. minutus and N. spinosus presented by Patton et al. (2000). Known sympatrically with N. spinosus.	Mussers Neacomys
13000712	Neacomys paracou	Voss, Lunde, and Simmons 2001	SPECIES			paracou		Neacomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Nat. Hist. vol.263 p.81			Guianan subregion of AmazoniaSE Venezuela, through Guyana, Surinam, and French Guiana, to Amapá, Brazil, and southwards to Amazonas and Pará, Brazil.		Morphological comparisons with N. dubosti, N. guianae, and N. tenuipes provided by Voss et al. (2001). Known sympatrically with N. dubosti and N. guianae.	Paracou Neacomys
13000713	Neacomys pictus	Goldman 1912	SPECIES			pictus		Neacomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Smithson. Misc. Coll. vol.60 p.2			Known only from easternmost Panamá.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Cabrera (1961) allocated pictus to subspecific standing under N. tenuipes, and Handley (1966) concurred, but examination of series in USNM suggests that the relationship and status of this gracile form bear reexamination.	Painted Neacomys
13000714	Neacomys spinosus	Thomas 1882	SPECIES			spinosus		Neacomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1882 p.105		amoenus  Thomas, 1903; carceleni Hershkovitz, 1940; typicus Thomas, 1900.	WC Brazil to Andean foothills and lowlands of SE Colombia, E Ecuador, E Perú, and N and C Bolivia .	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Karyotype (2n = 64) compared with other oryzomyines by Gardner and Patton (1976). Morphological, karyological, and molecular differentiation from N. minutus and N. musseri presented by Patton et al. (2000). Lawrence (1941) recognized the nominate form and carceleni as subspecies, a division supported by the limited samples genetically analyzed by Patton et al. (2000). Known sympatrically with N. minutus and N. musseri.	Common Neacomys
13000715	Neacomys tenuipes	Thomas 1900	SPECIES			tenuipes		Neacomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.5 p.153		pusillus  J. A. Allen, 1912.	W and NC Colombia, N Venezuela.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Named and recognized (e.g., Ellerman, 1941) as a subspecies of N. spinosus until elevated to specific status by Lawrence (1941).	Narrow-footed Neacomys
13000736	Nesoryzomys fernandinae	Hutterer and Hirsch 1979	SPECIES			fernandinae		Nesoryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bonn. Zool. Beitr. vol.30 p.278			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Name based on material recovered from fresh owl pellets; morphological recognition expanded by Dowler and Carroll (1996) and Dowler et al. (2000) based on recently collected specimens from rediscovered population and compared with sympatric examples of N. indefessus narboroughi. Believed closely related to N. darwini (see Hutterer and Hirsch, 1979).	Fernandina Nesoryzomys
13000716	Necromys	Ameghino 1889	GENUS					Necromys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Actas Acad. Nac. Cienc. Córdoba vol.6 p.120	Necromys conifer Ameghino, 1889.	Bolomys  Thomas, 1916; Cabreramys Massoia and Fornes, 1967.			<p>Akodontini. Type species of this neglected genus, based on a fossil form, incorrectly synonymized under the phyllotine Calomys callosus by Hershkovitz (1962), an allocation followed by McKenna and Bell (1997), but identification as akodontine and generic priority over Bolomys earlier reestablished by Massoia (1985). Diagnostic dental traits, lectotype selection, nomenclatural history, and allocation of fossil and living species provided by Massoia and Pardiñas (1993). Those authors referred to conifer as a nomen dubium, a misleading choice of words because the meaning clearly intended in their discussion is that the fossil is not certainly identifiable with a living species, namely N. benefactus which today occurs in the same region as conifer.</p><p>Allocation of amoenus to Necromys, and by extension the junior synonymy of Bolomys, is weakened by certain phylogenetic iterations of cytochrome b sequence dat... [truncated]	
13000717	Necromys amoenus	Thomas 1900	SPECIES			amoenus		Necromys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.6 p.468			Altiplano grasslands, above 3200 m, of SE Perú and W Bolivia, as far south as Tarija Dept. (Anderson, 1993).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Bolomys amoenus.	Morphological definition as type species of Bolomys Thomas, 1916, clarified by Reig (1987) and Anderson and Olds (1989). Additional Bolivian localities reported by Salazar-Bravo et al. (2002b).	Pleasant Akodont
13000729	Nectomys palmipes	J. A. Allen and Chapman 1893	SPECIES			palmipes		Nectomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.5 p.209		tatei  Hershkovitz, 1948.	Isl of Trinidad and nearby region of NE Venezuela; limits of distribution unknown.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Arranged by Hershkovitz (1944) as one of many subspecies of N. squamipes. Barros et al. (1992) reinstated palmipes to species based on its inordinately low diploid number (2n = 16-17) as compared to other populations of Nectomys, which range from 2n = 38 to 59 (Barros et al., 1992; Gardner and Patton, 1976). Linares (1998) retained palmipes as a subspecies of N. squamipes; junior status of tatei identified by Voss et al. (2001).	Trinidad Nectomys
13000718	Necromys benefactus	Thomas 1919	SPECIES			benefactus		Necromys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. Lond., ser. 9 vol.3 p.214			Isolated populations in Córdoba, La Pampa, and Buenos Aires provinces, EC Argentina.		Relegated to a subspecies of obscurus by Cabrera (1961) and Reig (1978), but Massoia and Fornes (1967) considered the two as distinct species. Distribution documented based on vouchered specimens and clear morphological segregation from N. obscurus underscored by Galliari and Pardiñas (2000). The latter authors regarded the fossil conifer Ameghino as the probable senior synonym for this species but elected to retain benefactus Thomas as the valid name for reasons of familiarity; the possibility of their synonymy requires firm demonstration, with formal suppression of or replacement by the senior name if so.	Argentine Akodont
13000719	Necromys lactens	Thomas 1918	SPECIES			lactens		Necromys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.1 p.188		negrito  (Thomas, 1926); orbus (Thomas, 1919).	E Andean highlands, about 2100-4000 m, of SC Bolivia (see Anderson and Olds, 1989) and NW Argentina (Jujuy, Salta, Catamarca, and Tucumán Provs.; see Ortiz et al., 2000a).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Bolomys lactens.	Galliari and Pardiñas (1995) reidentified leucolimnaeus, previously considered a subspecies of lactens (Cabrera, 1961; Gyldenstolpe, 1932), as a species of Akodon and questioned (2000:226) the synonymy of negrito and orbus, as attributed by Cabrera (1961), as "dubious." Capllonch et al. (1997) had resurrected N. orbus based on a single specimen from Tucumán Prov., but Pardiñas and Galliari (1998b) considered the action to be inadequately documented.	White-chinned Akodont
13000720	Necromys lasiurus	Lund 1840	SPECIES			lasiurus		Necromys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	K. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Naturv. Math. Afhandl. vol.8 p.50		arviculoides  (Wagner, 1842); brachyurus (Wagner, 1845); fuscinus (Thomas, 1897); lasiotus (Lund, 1838); orobinus (Wagner, 1842); pixuna (Moojen, 1943); renggeri (Pictet, 1844).	C Brazil south of the Amazon River, extreme SE Perú (as per Pacheco et al., 1995), and perhaps NE Argentina (see Galliari et al., 1996); limits uncertain.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Bolomys lasiurus.	Revised as part of Zygodontomys (Hershkovitz, 1962); inclusion of lasiurus within Bolomys (or Akodon), not Zygodontomys, supported by karyological and morphological information (see Gardner and Patton, 1976; Maia and Langguth, 1981; Voss and Linzey, 1981). Geographic variation assessed, as Bolomys lasiurus, by Macêdo and Mares (1987), who retained only fuscinus and lasiurus as subspecies. The validity of listed synonyms very much needs confirmation: e.g., the taxon arviculoides is considered a species by some (Cabrera, 1961; Gyldenstolpe, 1932; Ximénez &amp; Langguth, 1970), or reallocated to lasiurus by others (Macêdo and Mares, 1987; Reig, 1978, 1987), while Galliari and Pardiñas (2000) passingly mention it as another species related to N. obscurus. Also see following account of N. lenguarum, included by some (e.g., Macêdo and Mares, 1987) as another junior synonym; morphological discrim... [truncated]	Hairy-tailed Akodont
13000721	Necromys lenguarum	Thomas 1898	SPECIES			lenguarum		Necromys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.2 p.271		tapiropoanus  (J. A. Allen, 1916).	Chacoan formations of E Bolivia, W Paraguay, and possibly N Argentina (see Galliari et al., 1996).		Taxonomic status unresolveddemoted to subspecies under Akodon obscurus (Cabrera, 1961) or placed in full synonymy with Bolomys l. lasiurus (Macêdo and Mares, 1987), or generally if equivocally recognized as a species (Anderson, 1997; Anderson and Olds, 1989; Galliari and Pardiñas, 2000; Reig, 1987). Anderson (1997) maintained tapiropoanus, type locality in Mato Grosso, W Brazil, as a subspecies for Bolivian populations. Also see remarks under N. lasiurus.	Paraguayan Akodont
13000734	Nesoryzomys	Heller 1904	GENUS					Nesoryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. California Acad. Sci. vol.3 p.241	Nesoryzomys narboroughi Heller, 1904 (= Oryzomys indefessus Thomas, 1899).				Oryzomyini. Realigned as a subgenus of Oryzomys by Ellerman (1941), following the comments of Goldman (1918). Morphological, genic, and karyological information, however, sustains the generic separation of Nesoryzomys (Beaufort, 1963; Gardner and Patton, 1976; Patton and Hafner, 1983; Smith and Patton, 1999) and intimates that the group is an old Galapagos immigrant, originating ca. 3-3.5 million years ago (see Patton and Hafner, 1983). See Key and Heredia (1994) and Dowler et al. (2000) for recent assessments of conservation status, commensal rodent introductions, and natural history of populations on the various islands.	
13000722	Necromys obscurus	Waterhouse 1837	SPECIES			obscurus		Necromys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1837 p.16		scagliarum  Galliari and Pardiñas, 2000.	Isolated populations along coastal areas in S Uruguay (obscurus) and Buenos Aires Prov., EC Argentina (scagliarum).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Bolomys obscurus.	Type species of Cabreramys (Massoia and Fornes, 1967), a taxon considered a junior synonym of Bolomys by Reig (1978, 1987) and of Necromys by Massoia and Pardiñas (1993). Formerly contained benefactus as a subspecies (see above account). Geographic variation and allopatric distribution in light of late Pleistocene climatic changes discussed by Galliari and Pardiñas (2000). The strong morphometric differentiation between and probable long-term isolation of the named populations, as demonstrated by the latter authors, recommend reconsideration of their status using other information sources.	Dark-furred Akodont
13000723	Necromys punctulatus	Thomas 1894	SPECIES			punctulatus		Necromys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser 6 vol.14 p.361			Indeterminate area of E Ecuador and perhaps Colombia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Bolomys punctulatus.	Described as a species of Akodon but referred to a subspecies of Zygodontomys brevicauda by Hershkovitz (1962). Thomas (1916c) had earlier appreciated the morphological resemblance between amoenus, type species of Bolomys, and punctulatus; Voss (1991b) later amplified the Bolomys-like traits of punctulatus, provisionally retaining it as a species and noting its similarity to lasiurus. The enigmatic distribution of the few fragmentary specimens assignable to punctulatus, which originate from a region outside of the core geographic range of Bolomys (= Necromys), is discussed by Voss (1991b).	Ecuadoran Akodont
13000724	Necromys temchuki	Massoia 1982	SPECIES			temchuki		Necromys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Hist. Nat., Corrientes vol.2 11 p.91		elioi  (Contreras, 1982); liciae (Contreras, 1982); temchucki (Massoia, 1980) [nomen nudum].	NE Argentina (Misiones, Corrientes, Formosa, and Chaco Provs.; see Contreras, 1982).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Bolomys temchuki.	Although the authorship is sometimes dated to Massoia, 1980b (Musser and Carleton, 1993; Honacki et al, 1982), Massoia had then mentioned the name (then spelled temchucki) in the context of a preliminary note; no holotype or museum repository was designated, and descriptive and comparative information is scant. As with another preliminary name mentioned in the same paper (Deltamys kempi langguthi, later described formally by González and Massoia, 1995), the availability of temchuki should properly date from Massoias (1982) explicit diagnosis of the species. As remarked by Galliari et al. (1996), the relationships and discrimination of temchuki with regard to N. lasiurus, also known from the same general region, merit reexamination and clear documentation.	Temchuks Akodont
13000725	Necromys urichi	J. A. Allen and Chapman 1897	SPECIES			urichi		Necromys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.9 p.19		chapmani  (J. A. Allen, 1913); meridensis (J. A. Allen, 1904); saturatus (Tate, 1939); tobagensis (Goodwin, 1962); venezuelensis (J. A. Allen, 1899).	Trinidad and Tobago, highlands of N and S Venezuela, E Colombia, N Brazil.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Akodon urichi.	<p>Although traditionally arranged as a species of Akodon (Cabrera, 1961; Musser and Carleton, 1993), subgenus Chalcomys according to Thomas (1916c), urichi is here assigned to Necromys following those molecular studies that disclose its close relationship to amoenus and lasiurus apart from representative species of Akodon proper (DElía, 2003; DElía et al., 2003; Smith and Patton, 1993, 1999). Formerly included aerosus as a subspecies (Cabrera, 1961), but karyotypic (Gardner and Patton, 1976) and gene sequence (DElía et al., 2003; Smith and Patton, 1993, 1999) data demonstrate their distant relationship (see account of Akodon aerosus).</p><p>Morphometric variation of Venezuelan populations studied by Ventura et al. (2000), who recognized meridensis, saturatus, and venezuelensis as subspecies along with the nominate form. Linares (1998) arranged the populations in S Venezuela as a species (s... [truncated]	Northern Akodont
13000726	Nectomys	Peters 1860 "1861"	GENUS					Nectomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Abh. König. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1860 p.151	Mus squamipes Brants, 1827.	Potamys  Liais, 1872.			<p>Oryzomyini. A broad and diverse character base indelibly and uniformly pictures the phyletic heritage of Nectomys as oryzomyine (Baker et al., 1983; Dickerman and Yates, 1995; Hershkovitz, 1944, 1960; Hooper and Musser, 1964a; Myers et al., 1995; Patton and da Silva, 1995; Smith and Patton, 1999; Steppan, 1995; Voss and Carleton, 1993). Hershkovitz (1944) included Sigmodontomys as a subgenus; Gardner and Patton (1976) urged removal of Sigmodontomys to Oryzomys, and Musser and Carleton (1993) provisionally elevated it to genus.</p><p>Regional studies are beginning to uncover the species diversity masked by Hershkovitzs (1944) concept of a single, pan-Amazonian species, N. squamipes (e.g., Andrades-Miranda et al., 2001b; Gómez-LaVerde et al., 1999; Patton et al., 2000; Voss et al., 2001). Integration of these regional perspectives nevertheless warrants continued alpha-level revisionary investigation to voucher geographic ranges ... [truncated]	
13000727	Nectomys apicalis	Peters 1860 "1861"	SPECIES			apicalis		Nectomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Abhandl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. vol.1860 p.152		fulvinus  Thomas, 1897; garleppii Thomas, 1899; montanus Hershkovitz, 1944; napensis Hershkovitz, 1944; saturatus Thomas, 1897; vallensis Hershkovitz, 1944.	Westernmost Brazil (Acre and Amazonas), and contiguous lowlands and Andean foothills of C and E Ecuador, E Perú, and WC Bolivia (see Anderson, 1997:Fig. 685; Patton et al., 2000:Fig. 78); distributional limits uncertain.		Argued by Patton et al. (2000) as the oldest name for those water rat populations in western Amazonia with a 2n = 38-42 karyotype, including garleppii, which Reig (in Honacki et al., 1982) and Barros et al. (1992) recognized as a species. More than a single species is likely represented among the listed synonyms, whether they belong to one of the other species recognized here or to some other species yet to be determined.	Western Amazonian Nectomys
13500103	Proeulagus	Gureev 1964	SUBGENUS				Proeulagus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500104	Eulagos	Gray 1867	SUBGENUS				Eulagos	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13000728	Nectomys magdalenae	Thomas 1897	SPECIES			magdalenae		Nectomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.19 p.499		grandis  Thomas, 1897.	Basins of the Magdalena and Cauca Rivers, N Colombia.		Although considered a subspecies of N. squamipes by Hershkovitz (1944), Gómez-Laverde et al. (1999) elevated magdalenae to species based on its karyotype (2n = 34), which is uniquely divergent from those populations so far reported from Amazonia and SE Brazil (2n = 38-59; see other accounts). Reig (in Honacki et al., 1982) had considered grandis and magdalenae as possible synonyms of apicalis, but the distinctive karyotype and emerging biogeographic appreciation of the Transandean lowlands as a region of specific differentiation warrant provisional species recognition. In spite of the page priority of grandis over magdalenae, both names dating from Thomas 1897, Gómez et al. (1999) elected magdalenae as the valid name because the animal karyotyped originated near the type locality and since the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1999) does not require strict ad... [truncated]	Magdalena Nectomys
13000739	Neusticomys	Anthony 1921	GENUS					Neusticomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.20 p.2	Neusticomys monticolus Anthony, 1921.	Daptomys  Anthony, 1929.			Ichthyomyini. Phylogenetic relationships studied by Voss (1988), who allocated Daptomys as a synonym. Distribution and morphological traits of lowland species summarized by Voss et al. (2001). Each species is generally known from few specimens, the animals rarely encountered and difficult to collect; as such, species diversity may be underestimated and ranges of known forms are minimal approximations.	
13000730	Nectomys rattus	Pelzeln 1883	SPECIES			rattus		Nectomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Verhl. kaiserl.-konigl. zool.-bot. Gesellsch., Wien vol.33 (Suppl.) p.73		amazonicus  Hershkovitz, 1944; mattensis Thomas, 1903; melanius Thomas, 1910; parvipes Petter, 1979; tarrensis Hershkovitz, 1948.	AmazoniaE Colombia, NW and S Venezuela, Guianas, N and C Brazil, and perhaps lowlands of E Perú; distributional limits need specimen-based verification.	IUCN  Critically Endangered as N. parvipes.	Most forms included here were once treated as subspecies of N. squamipes following Hershkovitz (1944). Diagnosis emended as the species N. melanius and morphology contrasted to N. palmipes and N. squamipes sensu stricto by Voss et al. (2001); they mentioned that rattus Pelzeln (1883) may be the proper name to use for this species and provided information on the types existence and its identity as a Nectomys (2001:98-99, footnote). Bonvicino (in Andrades-Miranda et al., 2001b) has employed the name rattus as senior synonym for populations with 2n = 52-54 (Baker et al., 1983; Barros et al., 1992; Voss et al., 2001), a usage acknowledged by Andrades-Miranda et al. (2001b); whereas, Patton et al. (2000) suggested mattensis as the oldest name applicable to this widespread karyotypic variant. The provisional basis for the senior name, included synonyms, and geographic range cobbled toget... [truncated]	Amazonian Nectomys
13000731	Nectomys squamipes	Brants 1827	SPECIES			squamipes		Nectomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Het Geslacht der Muizen p.138		aquaticus  (Lund, 1841); brasiliensis (Pictet and Pictet, 1844); olivaceus Hershkovitz, 1944; pollens Hollister, 1914; robustus (Burmeister, 1854).	SE Brazil (Pernambuco to Rio Grande do Sul), NE Argentina (Misiones Prov.), and E Paraguay.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Hershkovitz (1944) arrayed most nominal taxa of water rats as subspecies of N. squamipes, a polytypic view maintained by Cabrera (1961). Gardner and Patton (1976) intimated the mixed specific composition of "squamipes," and Reig (in Honacki et al., 1982; 1986) offered enumerations of valid species and probable synonymies. Formerly included apicalis, magdalenae, palmipes, and rattus (see those accounts). The narrower definition of N. squamipes now coalescing (that is, containing those populations with 2n = 56-59Andrades et al., 2001b; Barros et al., 1992; Bonvicino et al., 1996) corresponds to a species restricted to the Atlantic Forest region, overlapping with N. rattus in riverine settings of the Cerrado-Caatinga biomes. See Ernest (1986, Mammalian Species, 265).	Atlantic Forest Nectomys
13000732	Neotomys	Thomas 1894	GENUS					Neotomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.14 p.346	Neotomys ebriosus Thomas, 1894.				Reithrodontini. Although grouped with sigmodont rodents by Hershkovitz (1955a), other studies have convincingly linked the genus with phyllotines (Olds and Anderson, 1989; Pearson and Patton, 1976; Spotorno et al., 2001), usually as sister genus of Reithrodon (Braun, 1993; Steppan, 1995) and in a clade including Euneomys and certain fossil genera (Ortiz et al., 2000b; Pardiñas, 1997; Steppan and Pardiñas, 1998; Steppan and Sullivan, 2000). See remarks under Reithrodon on tribal affiliation.	
13000733	Neotomys ebriosus	Thomas 1894	SPECIES			ebriosus		Neotomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.14 p.348		vulturnus  Thomas, 1921.	Altiplano grasslands and shrubby steppe, mostly 2500-4500 m, from C Perú (Junín), south through northernmost Chile and W Bolivia, to NW Argentina (see Anderson, 1997; Bárquez, 1983; Pardiñas and Ortiz, 2001; Sanborn, 1947a).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Revised by Sanborn (1947a), who reduced vulturnus to a subspecies of N. ebriosus, as recognized by Anderson (1997) for Bolivian populations. Distribution augmented by Pearson (1951), Pine et al. (1979), and Pardiñas and Ortiz (2001). First fossil occurrences documented from the late Pleistocene-Holocene of NW Argentina by Pardiñas and Ortiz (2001), who discussed the paleoecological significance of the lower altitudes recorded.	Red-nosed Neotomys
13000735	Nesoryzomys darwini	Osgood 1929	SPECIES			darwini		Nesoryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser. vol.17 p.23			Santa Cruz (= Indefatigable) Isl.	IUCN  Extinct. Probably extinct, last recorded in 1930 (see Dowler et al., 2000; Patton and Hafner, 1983).		Darwins Nesoryzomys
13000737	Nesoryzomys indefessus	Thomas 1899	SPECIES			indefessus		Nesoryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.4 p.280		narboroughi  Heller, 1904.	Santa Cruz, Baltra (= South Seymour), and Fernandina (= Narborough) Isls.	IUCN  Extinct as N. indefessus, Near Threatened as N. narboroughi. Nesorysomys i. indefessus is probably extinct, none documented since 1934 (see Patton and Hafner, 1983). Populations of N. i. narboroughi on Fernandina Isl, which lacks commensal Rattus and Mus, appear stable (see Dowler et al., 2000; Patton and Hafner, 1983).	Patton and Hafner (1983:539) recommended that indefessus, narboroughi, and swarthi are "best considered races of a single species, which differ primarily in pelage color." Their analyses sustain this conclusion with regard to indefessus and narboroughi but not the strong craniodental differentiation demonstrated for N. swarthi.	Santa Cruz Nesoryzomys
13000738	Nesoryzomys swarthi	Orr 1938	SPECIES			swarthi		Nesoryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. California Acad. Sci. vol.23 21 p.304			Known only from San Salvador (= Santiago, James) Isl.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Status viewed as an insular race of N. indefessus by Patton and Hafner (1983), but Orr (1938) underscored the trenchant diagnostic traits that separate N. swarthi from both N. indefessus and narboroughi. Extant populations thought to exist as of 1965 (see Peterson, 1966b) and recently confirmed in sympatry with Rattus and Mus (Dowler et al., 2000).	Santiago Nesoryzomys
13400610	Elasmodontomys obliquus	Anthony 1916	SPECIES			obliquus		Elasmodontomys	Heptaxodontidae	Rodentia	Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. vol.27 p.199		bidens Anthony, 1917.	Puerto Rico.	Extinct.		Plate-toothed Giant Hutia
13000742	Neusticomys oyapocki	Dubost and Petter 1978	SPECIES			oyapocki		Neusticomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Mammalia vol.42 p.436			Known only from three localities in French Guiana (Voss et al., 2001) and one in Amapá, NE Brazil (Nunes, 2002).	IUCN  Endangered.	Based on a single specimen originally referred to Daptomys. Maintained as a species by Voss (1988); additional material reported by Voss et al. (2001) and Nunes (2002).	Guianan Ichthyomyine
13000743	Neusticomys peruviensis	Musser and Gardner 1974	SPECIES			peruviensis		Neusticomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.2537 p.7			Known only from two localities in lowland E Perú (see Pacheco and Vivar, 1996; Pacheco et al., 1993).	IUCN  Endangered.	Described as a form of Daptomys and maintained as a species by Voss (1988).	Peruvian Ichthyomyine
13000744	Neusticomys venezuelae	Anthony 1929	SPECIES			venezuelae		Neusticomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.383 p.2			E and S Venezuela, Guyana.	IUCN  Endangered.	Type species of Daptomys, considered a junior synonym of Neusticomys by Voss (1988).	Venezuelan Ichthyomyine
13000745	Noronhomys	Carleton and Olson 1999	GENUS					Noronhomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.3256 p.9	Noronhomys vespuccii Carleton and Olson, 1999.				Oryzomyini. An extinct insular endemic and tetralophodont form most closely related to Holochilus according to cladistic interpretation of craniodental characters (Carleton and Olson, 1999).	
13000746	Noronhomys vespuccii	Carleton and Olson 1999	SPECIES			vespuccii		Noronhomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.3256 p.10			Known only from the type locality.		Variation and morphological discrimination from Holochilus and Lundomys provided by Carleton and Olson (1999). Fragmentary historical archives tenuously indicate that this species was encountered by Amerigo Vespucci during his 1503 voyage to the New World and was extirpated soon thereafter (see Carleton and Olson, 1999:44-49).	Vespuccis Rodent
13500105	Sabanalagus	Averianov 1998	SUBGENUS				Sabanalagus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha		Lepus victoriae Thomas, 1893 (= Lepus microtis Heuglin, 1865).					
13500106	Indolagus	Gureev 1953	SUBGENUS				Indolagus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13000747	Notiomys	Thomas 1890	GENUS					Notiomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	In Milne-Edwards, Mission Sci. Cap. Horn, 1882-3 vol.6 Mamm. p.23	Hesperomys (Notiomys) edwardsii Thomas, 1890.				Akodontini (S Andean clade). Alpha systematics revised by Osgood (1925), who viewed Chelemys and Geoxus as synonyms (see comments under those genera and in Pearson, 1984, and Reig, 1987). Sister genus to Chelemys according to maximum parsimony and likelihood analyses of cytochrome b sequences (Smith and Patton, 1999).	
13000749	Oecomys	Thomas 1906	GENUS					Oecomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.18 p.444	Rhipidomys benevolens Thomas, 1901 (= Hesperomys bicolor Tomes, 1860).				<p>Oryzomyini. Diagnosed as a subgenus of Oryzomys to segregate arboreal, pencil-tailed sigmodontines with a long palate from Rhipidomys, under which many of the species included here were first described. Thereafter treated alternatively as a subgenus of Oryzomys (Ellerman, 1941; Goldman, 1918) or as full genus (Gyldenstolpe, 1932; Thomas, 1917c) until Hershkovitz's (1960) revision stabilized its ranking as a subgenus (e.g., Cabrera, 1961; Hall, 1981). Systematists have recently acknowledged the morphological and karyotypic distinctiveness of Oecomys at the generic level (Andrades-Miranda et al., 2001b; Carleton and Musser, 1984; Gardner and Patton, 1976; Reig, 1984, 1986); species so far surveyed genetically are reciprocally monophyletic with other oryzomyine genera (Smith and Patton, 1999; Weksler, 2003) but broader phylogenetic substantiation is desirable.</p><p>Revised by Hershkovitz (1960), who consolidated some 25 species (e.g., Ellerman, 1941; Gyldenstolpe, 1932) into just two,... [truncated]	
13000750	Oecomys auyantepui	Tate 1939	SPECIES			auyantepui		Oecomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist vol.76 p.193			SC Venezuela eastwards through the Guianas to Amapá, Brazil and southwards to Amazonas, Brazil, north of Amazon River.		Synonymized under concolor by Hershkovitz (1960) and under paricola by Musser and Carleton (1993). Morphological distinctiveness elaborated by Voss et al. (2001) and contrasted with O. paricola, its probable sister taxon.	Guianan Oecomys
13000751	Oecomys bicolor	Tomes 1860	SPECIES			bicolor		Oecomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1860 p.217		benevolens  (Thomas, 1901); dryas (Thomas, 1900); endersi Goldman, 1933; florenciae J. A. Allen, 1916; milleri J. A. Allen, 1916; nitedulus Thomas, 1910; occidentalis (Hershkovitz, 1960); phelpsi Tate, 1939; rosilla (Thomas, 1904); trabeatus G. M. Allen and Barbour, 1923.	E Panamá to W Colombia and Ecuador; Venezuela, Guianas, N and C Brazil; Amazonian drainage of Bolivia, Perú, Ecuador, and Colombia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Synonymy of O. phelpsi Tate attributed by Musser and Patton (1989). A morphologically and genetically distinct member of the bicolor complex, species identity uncertain, was collected at localities nearby those of O. bicolor proper in the Rio Juruá basin, W Brazil (Patton et al., 2000).	White-bellied Oecomys
13000769	Oligoryzomys chacoensis	Myers and Carleton 1981	SPECIES			chacoensis		Oligoryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan vol.161 p.19			Dryer habitats of SE Bolivia, W Paraguay, SW Brazil, and N Argentina.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Karyotype reported by Myers and Carleton (1981); morphometric variation by Myers and Carleton (1981) and Olds and Anderson (1987). Status with regard to O. andinus questioned by Carleton and Musser (1989), but genetic data underscore the specific distinctiveness of the two (Myers et al., 1995).	Chacoan Colilargo
13000752	Oecomys catherinae	Thomas 1909	SPECIES			catherinae		Oecomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.4 p.234		bahiensis  (Hershkovitz, 1960) [replacement name for Mus cinnamomeus Pictet and Pictet, 1844, preoccupied by Mus cinnamomeus Lichtenstein, 1830, a Proechimys]; cinnamomeus (Pictet and Pictet, 1844).	Atlantic Forest Region of SE Brazil, Bahia to Santa Catarina, and along riverine forest into Cerrado and Caatinga regions; limits poorly documented.		Member of the O. trinitatis group but size larger than O. trinitatis proper, pelage more luxuriant, and supraorbital shelves more pronounced.	Atlantic Forest Oecomys
13000753	Oecomys cleberi	Locks 1981	SPECIES			cleberi		Oecomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bol. Mus. Nac., Zool. vol.300 p.1			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN  Endangered.	Allied to O. bicolor or O. paricola; status and distributional extent require study.	Clebers Oecomys
13000754	Oecomys concolor	Wagner 1845	SPECIES			concolor		Oecomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Arch. Naturgesch. vol.11 p.147		marmorsurus  (Thomas, 1899).	S Venezuela south of the llanos (see Linares, 1998:Fig 142), NW Brazil, E Colombia, and NE Bolivia (as per Anderson, 1997); range limits poorly documented.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Oecomys concolor proper has a restricted distribution compared with Hershkovitzs (1960) broad view of its contents; most of those forms are actually synonyms of the very different species O. flavicans, O. roberti, O. superans, or O. trinitatis. Characters of the skin and skull indicate that O. concolor is closely related to O. mamorae.	Unicolored Oecomys
13000755	Oecomys flavicans	Thomas 1894	SPECIES			flavicans		Oecomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.14 p.351		illectus  (Bangs, 1896); mincae J. A. Allen, 1913.	Coastal Range and Cordillera de Mérida of N and W Venezuela (see Linares, 1998:Map 140), west to Sierra de Santa Marta of NE Columbia, perhaps including the Cordillera Oriental.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Tawny Oecomys
13000756	Oecomys mamorae	Thomas 1906	SPECIES			mamorae		Oecomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.18 p.445			N and C Bolivia, N Paraguay, and WC Brazil.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Marmore Oecomys
13000763	Oecomys superans	Thomas 1911	SPECIES			superans		Oecomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.8 p.250		melleus  Anthony, 1924; palmeri Thomas, 1911.	Lower Andean slopes of E Colombia, Ecuador, and Perú, including contiguous lowlands of W Amazonia (see Patton et al., 2000).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Large Oecomys
13000764	Oecomys trinitatis	J. A. Allen and Chapman 1893	SPECIES			trinitatis		Oecomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.5 p.213		frontalis  (Goldman, 1912); fulviventer (J. A. Allen, 1899); helvolus (J. A. Allen, 1913); klagesi (J. A. Allen, 1904); osgoodi Thomas, 1924; palmarius (J. A. Allen, 1899); splendens Hayman, 1938; subluteus (Thomas, 1898); tectus (Thomas, 1901); vicencianus (J. A. Allen, 1913).	Tropical rainforests from SW Costa Rica to C Brazil, including Guianas, Trinidad and Tobago; E Andean slopes of WC Colombia to SC Perú.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	The synonyms listed here form the core of Hershkovitzs (1960) concolor, but their consanguinity is highly doubtful.	Long-furred Oecomys
13000765	Oligoryzomys	Bangs 1900	GENUS					Oligoryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. New England Zool. Club vol.1 p.94	Oryzomys navus Bangs, 1899 (= Hesperomys fulvescens Saussure, 1860).				<p>Oryzomyini. Described as a subgenus of Oryzomys and usually recognized as such (Ellerman, 1941; Hall, 1981; Reig, 1984; Tate, 1932e) or as a genus (Contreras and Berry, 1983; Gyldenstolpe, 1932), with Microryzomys as a full synonym (Gyldenstolpe, 1932; Tate, 1932) or not (Cabrera, 1961). Diagnosis emended at the generic level and morphology contrasted with Microryzomys and Oryzomys sensu stricto by Carleton and Musser (1989). Monophyly of the genus supported by electrophoretic (Dickerman and Yates, 1995) and mitochondrial and nuclear gene-sequence data (Myers et al., 1995; Smith and Patton, 1999; Weksler, 2003), in a clade also containing Microryzomys and Neacomys. Attempts to define species groups have so far produced conflicting results and should be viewed as preliminary forays to stimulate critical phylogenetic study (e.g., see Andrades-Miranda et al., 2001a; Bonvicino and Weksler, 1998; Carleton and Musser, 1989; Dickerman... [truncated]	
13000766	Oligoryzomys andinus	Osgood 1914	SPECIES			andinus		Oligoryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser. vol.10 p.156			W Perú and WC Bolivia; geographic and altitudinal limits uncertain.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Karyotype reported by Gardner and Patton (1976). Recorded as sympatric with O. arenalis in Lima Dept., Perú (Arana-Cardó and Ascorra, 1994).	Andean Colilargo
13000767	Oligoryzomys arenalis	Thomas 1913	SPECIES			arenalis		Oligoryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.12 p.571			Arid and semiarid coastal plain of Perú.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Level of relationship to O. fulvescens warrants clarification.	Sandy Colilargo
13000768	Oligoryzomys brendae	Massoia 1998	SPECIES			brendae		Oligoryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	2<sup>nd</sup> Congreso Argentino de Zoonosis y 1<sup>st</sup> Congreso Argentino y Latinamericano de Enfermedades Emergentes, Buenos Aires p.243			Tucumán, Salta, and Catamarca Provs., NW Argentina.		Compared with O. flavescens and O. longicaudatus by Massoia (1998) but details for recognition skimpy; additional study required to illuminate status, discrimination from other regional forms, and distribution.	Brendas Colilargo
13000770	Oligoryzomys delticola	Thomas 1917	SPECIES			delticola		Oligoryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.20 p.96			EC Argentina, Uruguay, and S Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	A large-bodied species that karyotypically and morphometrically resembles O. eliurus and O. nigripes; the level of differentiation among the three and their appropriate taxonomic status require additional investigation (see comparisons and commentary in Andrades-Miranda et al. [2001a], Bonvicino and Weksler [1998], Espinoza and Reig [1991], and Myers and Carleton [1981]).	Large Colilargo
13000771	Oligoryzomys destructor	Tschudi 1844	SPECIES			destructor		Oligoryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Fauna Peruana vol.1 p.182		maranonicus  (Osgood, 1914); melanostoma (Tschudi, 1844); spodiurus (Hershkovitz, 1940); stolzmanni (Thomas, 1894).	E Andean slopes of S Colombia, through Ecuador, Perú, and WC Bolivia (see Anderson, 1997:Fig. 691), to NW Argentina (Tucumán Prov. as per OMNH 1062, 1106, 1140, 2205, 2239, 2734).	IUCN  Data Deficient.	Considered a subspecies of O. longicaudatus by Gyldenstolpe (1932) and Cabrera (1961); provisionally resurrected as species by Carleton and Musser (1989). Karyotype reported by Gardner and Patton (1976) as Oryzomys longicaudatus variant (4). Distributional limits, validity of included synonyms, and relationships to other Andean species all require detailed investigation.	Tschudis Colilargo
13000783	Oligoryzomys victus	Thomas 1898	SPECIES			victus		Oligoryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.1 p.178			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN  Endangered.	Earlier classifications listed O. victus as an Oryzomys of uncertain affinity (Ellerman, 1941; Goldman, 1918), and Hall and Kelson (1959) erroneously placed it with their "tectus group" (= Oecomys). Thomas (1898a), and later Ray (1962), emphasized its alliance with species of Oligoryzomys. Known only by the holotype; presumably extinct (see Ray, 1962).	St. Vincent Colilargo
13000772	Oligoryzomys eliurus	Wagner 1845	SPECIES			eliurus		Oligoryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Arch. Naturgesch. vol.11 p.147		pygmaeus  (Wagner, 1845); utiaritensis (J. A. Allen, 1916).	C and SE Brazil; range limits uncertain.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Suggested as conspecific with O. nigripes (see Myers and Carleton, 1981); also see comments under O. delticola. Diploid number (2n = 62) reported as the same as O. nigripes but with lower fundamental numbers (FN = 64-66 versus 78-82), based on specimens from Goías, C Brazil, where the two species were recorded in sympatry (Andrades-Miranda et al., 2001a). This karyotype resembles that earlier reported by Bonvicino and Weksler (1998) as O. fornesi from Goías, also there recorded in sympatry with O. nigripes. The latter authors instead attributed a high-FN karyotype from São Paulo (as reported by Yonenaga et al., 1976) to O. eliurus. Reconciliation of these apparent discrepancies is needed as are vouchered documentation of the species distributional limits and its clear morphological discrimination from O. nigripes.	Brazilian Colilargo
13000773	Oligoryzomys flavescens	Waterhouse 1837	SPECIES			flavescens		Oligoryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1837 p.19		antoniae  (Massoia, 1979); occidentalis Contreras and Rosi, 1980.	E Paraguay (Bonvicino and Weksler, 1998), SE Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul to Bahia), Uruguay, and N to SC Argentina; range limits uncertain.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Chromosomal variation reported and taxonomic implications discussed by Sbalqueiro et al. (1991); allozymic polymorphisms and gene flow among populations distributed along the lower Río Paraná, EC Argentina, discussed by Chiappero et al. (1997). Morphometrically (Myers and Carleton, 1981) and karyotypically (Sbalqueiro et al., 1991) similar to O. fornesi; their level of differentiation deserves further illumination (see next). In their informal review, Carleton and Musser (1989) acknowledged three flavescens like forms from Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil; these morphs should be critically identified, and named as necessary, as part of a much-needed revision of flavescens.	Flavescent Colilargo
13000774	Oligoryzomys fornesi	Massoia 1973	SPECIES			fornesi		Oligoryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Rev. Invest. Agropec. Ser. 1, Biol. Prod. Anim. vol.10 p.22			NE Argentina, E Paraguay, and SC Brazil (Goiás to Paraíba; Bonvicino and Weksler, 1998).		Viewed as a synonym of O. microtis (Carleton and Musser, 1989; Olds and Anderson, 1987), an assignment contradicted by morphometric (Bonvicino and Weksler, 1998) and cytochrome b (Myers et al., 1995) data. Bonvicino and Weksler (1998) recorded the species as present in Brazil, but Andrades-Miranda et al. (2001a) did not. Bonvicino and Weksler (1998) reidentified certain Paraguayan specimens reported as O. fornesi by Myers and Carleton (1981) as O. flavescens based on possession of lower diploid (62) and fundamental (64) numbers and certain cranial shape differences. Myers and Carleton interpreted these minor chromosome differences as populational variation (2n = 62-66, FN = 64-68), nor can we readily grasp the purported shape differences from Bonvicino and Wekslers principle component results. Also see comments on O. flavescens.	Fornes Colilargo
13000779	Oligoryzomys microtis	J. A. Allen 1916	SPECIES			microtis		Oligoryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.35 p.525		chaparensis  (Osgood, 1916); mattogrossae (J. A. Allen, 1916).	Amazon Basin of Brazil and contiguous lowlands of Perú, Bolivia, and Paraguay.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Karyotype reported by Gardner and Patton (1976) as Oryzomys longicaudatus variant (2) for Peruvian sample; slightly different diploid and fundamental numbers documented for specimens from Amapá, Brazil (Andrades-Miranda et al., 2001a). Gene sequence analyses indicate that O. microtis and O. fornesi represent separate species groups (Myers et al., 1995), not populations of a single species (Carleton and Musser, 1989; Olds and Anderson, 1987). With removal of fornesi from synonymy and fixation of the type locality, specific definition and distributional limits require amendment; also see Voss et al. (2001) for comparisons with O. fulvescens and comments on taxonomy.	Small-eared Colilargo
13000775	Oligoryzomys fulvescens	Saussure 1860	SPECIES			fulvescens		Oligoryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Revue Mag. Zool. Paris, ser. 2 vol.12 p.102		costaricensis  (J. A. Allen, 1893); delicatus (J. A. Allen and Chapman, 1897); fulvescens (Saussure, 1860); engraciae (Osgood, 1945); lenis (Goldman, 1915); mayensis (Goldman, 1918); messorius (Thomas, 1901); munchiquensis (J. A. Allen, 1912); navus (Bangs, 1899); nicaraguae (J. A. Allen, 1910); pacificus (Hooper, 1952); tenuipes (J. A. Allen, 1904).	W and E versants of S México, through Central America, to Ecuador, N and C Venezuela, Guianas, and northernmost Brazil in South America.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	All Middle American forms retained as subspecies by some (see Hall, 1981; Jones and Engstrom, 1986). Morphometric variation among Middle American forms evaluated by Carleton and Musser (1995) and their morphology contrasted with O. vegetus. Reported karyotypic variation intimates that more than one species occurs among the listed synonyms (Andrades-Miranda et al., 2001a; Gardner and Patton, 1976; Haiduk et al., 1979), whose status, particularly the South American taxa provisionally associated by Carleton and Musser (1995), warrants additional study. Linares (1998), e.g., recognized all Venezuelan populations (except O. griseolus) as O. fulvescens; whereas, Andrades-Miranda et al. (2001a) listed specimens from Roraima, Brazil, as O. cf. messorius, a form described from Guyana; and see Voss et al. (2001) for another regional perspective regarding discrimination and specific assignment of Guianan samples vis a vis lowla... [truncated]	Fulvous Colilargo
13000776	Oligoryzomys griseolus	Osgood 1912	SPECIES			griseolus		Oligoryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser. vol.10 p.49			Táchira Andes of extreme W Venezuela and Cordillera Oriental of E Colombia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	As noted by Osgood (1912) and verified by specimens in USNM, this distinctive form contrasts sharply with neighboring populations of O. fulvescens (e.g., navus and tenuipes) and instead resembles O. vegetus of lower Middle America.	Grizzled Colilargo
13000784	Oryzomys	Baird 1857	GENUS					Oryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Mammalia in Repts. U.S. Expl. Surv. vol.8 1 p.458	Mus palustris Harlan, 1837.	Macruroryzomys  Hershkovitz, 1948 [nomen nudum]; Micronectomys Hershkovitz, 1948 [nomen nudum].			<p>Oryzomyini. A taxonomically complex and nomenclaturally confused taxon whose definition was successively broadened by Goldman (1918), Tate (1932d, e), and Ellerman (1941). By the time of Cabrera (1961), the genus embraced as subgenera Melanomys, Microryzomys, Nesoryzomys, Oecomys, and Oligoryzomysa polyphyletic agglomeration of taxa as evolutionarily divergent from one another, and from Oryzomys sensu stricto, as Neacomys is from Nectomys, forms traditionally accorded generic status (see Carleton and Musser, 1989:52). Others have recognized some or all of these as genera (e.g., Carleton and Musser, 1984, 1989; Gardner and Patton, 1976; Gyldenstolpe, 1932; Reig, 1981, 1984; Thomas, 1917c), as we continue to do here; see appropriate generic accounts for taxonomic histories.</p><p>Notwithstanding the elevation of the aforementioned genus-group taxa, the generic boundary as denotatively conveyed by the ... [truncated]	
13000791	Oryzomys caracolus	Thomas 1914	SPECIES			caracolus		Oryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.14 p.242			Costa Central cordilleras, NC Venezuela (Aragua, Miranda, Distrito Federal).		Although long ranked as a species (Ellerman, 1941; Gyldenstolpe, 1932), caracolus was considered a synonym of O. capito (= O. megacephalus) by Hershkovitz (1960) and Cabrera (1961) and of O. albigularis by Musser and Carleton (1993). Karyotypic and morphometric assessments among Venzuelan populations led Aguilera et al. (1995) and Márquez et al. (2000) to view O. caracolus and O. meridensis as distinct species. Rivas and Pefaur (1999a) obtained similar but not wholly concordant geographic patterns of morphometric differentiation and elected to maintain the taxa as subspecies of O. albigularis. These differing interpretations advise continued study of populations in the Venezuelan Andes and verification of their taxonomic status and distributions.	Costa Central Oryzomys
13000777	Oligoryzomys longicaudatus	Bennett 1832	SPECIES			longicaudatus		Oligoryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1832 p.2		agilis  (Philippi, 1900); amblyrrhynchus (Philippi, 1900); araucanus (Philippi, 1900); commutatus (Philippi, 1900); coppingeri (Thomas, 1881); diminutivus (Philippi, 1900); dumetorum (Philippi, 1900); exiguus (Philippi, 1900); glaphyrus (Philippi, 1900); macrocercus (Philippi, 1900); malaenus (Philippi, 1900); melanizon (Philippi, 1900); mizurus (Thomas, 1916); nigribarbis (Philippi, 1900); pampanus (Massoia, 1973); pernix (Philippi, 1900); peteroanus (Philippi, 1900); philippii (Landbeck, 1858); saltator (Philippi, 1900).	N Chile and NW Argentina, southwards along Andes to approximately to 50°S latitude; extralimital in EC Argentina (Buenos Aires Prov.); range limits uncertain.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Formerly encompassed most Andean populations of Oligoryzomys (see Cabrera, 1961), including destructor and magellanicus (see those specific accounts). Morphometric variation among Chilean populations investigated by Gallardo and Palma (1990), who placed philippii in full synonymy with O. longicaudatus and removed magellanicus to specific status. Populations of O. longicaudatus (OMNH 2412, 2423, 2445, 2471) and O. destructor (see Distribution in that account) apparently approach one another in Tucumán Prov., NW Argentina. That in Buenos Aires Prov., EC Argentina, described as longicaudatus pampanus by Massoia (1973), is extralimital to the principally Andean distribution of the species as currently understood, but other isolated occurrences have been reported from intermediate provinces (La Pampa and Río NegroDe Santis et al., 2001). Relationships, validity of included synonyms, and level of divergence ... [truncated]	Long-tailed Colilargo
13000778	Oligoryzomys magellanicus	Bennett 1835 "1836"	SPECIES			magellanicus		Oligoryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1835 p.191			S Patagonian region of Chile and Argentina, including Tierra del Fuego.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Karyotypic, morphometric, and phallic differentiation from O. longicaudatus supports the specific recognition of O. magellanicus (Gallardo and Palma, 1990; Gallardo and Patterson, 1985).	Patagonian Colilargo
13000780	Oligoryzomys nigripes	Olfers 1818	SPECIES			nigripes		Oligoryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	In Eschwege, J. Brasilien, Neue Bibliothek. Reisenb. vol.15 p.209		tarsonigro  (Fischer, 1814).	E Paraguay, N Argentina, and Atlantic Forest region, C and SE Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul to Paraíba, interior to Goías and Distrito Federal; also Ilha Grande; see Andrades-Miranda et al., 2001a, and Bonvicino and Weksler, 1998).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Neotype designated, diagnosis emended, and karyotype described (2n = 62, FN = 80) by Myers and Carleton (1981), who regarded Mus tarsonigro Fischer, 1814, as a nomen oblitum; further, they recommended that Mus longitarsus Rengger, 1830, which could apply to either O. microtis or O. nigripes, be considered a nomen dubium. Distributional extent complex; in SE Brazil, predominantly a sylvan animal whose range may penetrate drier Cerrado and Caatinga biomes along riparian forests (Bonvicino and Weksler, 1998); also found on offshore island, Ilha Grande, Rio de Janeiro (Pereira et al., 2001). Pattern of microgeographic variation in craniodental variables evaluated in E Paraná, Brazil (as Oryzomys nigripes), by Santos (1997). Relationship to forms such as delticola, eliurus, and longicaudatus warrants additional investigation (also see comments under O. delticola).	Black-footed Colilargo
13000781	Oligoryzomys stramineus	Bonvicino and Weksler 1998	SPECIES			stramineus		Oligoryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Z. Saugetierk. vol.63 p.98			Cerrado (Goiás and Minas Gerais) and Caatinga (Paraíba and Pernambuco) formations of NE and C Brazil (see Bonvicino and Weksler, 1998:Fig. 7).		A large-bodied form sympatric with O. fornesi or O. nigripes. Morphometric, karyological (2n = 52, FN = 68), and distributional comparisons with O. chacoensis, O. delticola, and O. nigripes provided by Bonvicino and Weksler (1998); other karyological comparisons by Andrades-Miranda et al. (2001a).	Straw-colored Colilargo
13000782	Oligoryzomys vegetus	Bangs 1902	SPECIES			vegetus		Oligoryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. vol.39 p.35		creper  (Goodwin, 1945); reventazoni (Goodwin, 1945).	Lower montane and montane wet forests, 840-3000 m, in C Costa Rica and W Panamá.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Relegated to a subspecies of O. fulvescens by Goldman (1918) and so arranged thereafter (e.g., Hall, 1981). Bangs (1902), however, correctly recognized the sympatry of his new species with O. fulvescens, and Carleton and Musser (1995) clarified its morphological definition, regional synonymies, and geographic range.	Sprightly Colilargo
13000836	Oxymycterus hispidus	Pictet 1843	SPECIES			hispidus		Oxymycterus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Mem. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Geneve vol.10 p.212		hispidulus  (Schinz, 1845) [unjustified renaming of hispidus Pictet].	SE Brazil.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	A large-sized species traditionally thought to include judex, misionalis and quaestor as synonyms (Cabrera, 1961; Musser and Carleton, 1993; Reig, 1987); see account of O. quaestor. Emended diagnosis and documentation of geographic range required.	Hispid Hocicudo
13000785	Oryzomys albigularis	Tomes 1860	SPECIES			albigularis		Oryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1860 p.264		childi  Thomas, 1895; maculiventer J. A. Allen, 1891; moerex Thomas, 1914; oconnelli J. A. Allen, 1913; pectoralis J. A. Allen, 1912; pirrensis Goldman, 1913; villosus J. A. Allen, 1899.	Montane forests of N and W Venezuela, easternmost Panamá, Andes of Colombia and Ecuador, to N Perú.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Hershkovitzs (1944) footnoted listing of specific synonyms of O. albigularis set the precedent for Cabreras (1961) arrangement of the South American forms as subspecies, a viewpoint reiterated in regional studies (e.g., Handley, 1966a, 1976). Gardner and Patton (1976) demonstrated the composite nature of Hershkovitzs (1944) and Cabreras (1961) concept of albigularis; however, the determination of priority and refinement of distributions require much museum-based research. Here we follow the taxonomy of Gardner and Patton (1976), Patton et al. (1990), and Márquez et al. (2000) in recognizing O. auriventer, O. caracolus, O. devius, O. keaysi, O. levipes, and O. meridensis as separate species (see those accounts). Gardner and Patton (1976) reassociated Cabreras (1961) name-combination O. a. boliviae as a junior synonym of O. nitidus. Poten... [truncated]	White-throated Oryzomys
13000786	Oryzomys alfaroi	J. A. Allen 1891	SPECIES			alfaroi		Oryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.3 p.214		agrestis  Goodwin, 1959; dariensis Goldman, 1915; gloriaensis Goodwin, 1956; gracilis Thomas, 1894; incertus J. A. Allen, 1908; intagensis Hershkovitz, 1940; palatinus Merriam, 1901; palmirae J. A. Allen, 1912.	Lowland to lower montane forests from S Tamaulipas and Oaxaca, México, through Middle America, to W Colombia and Ecuador.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Goldman (1918) forged a broad definition of the species, expanded more so by Hall and Kelson (1959), that encompassed many forms previously treated as distinct (e.g., Merriam, 1901a). We recognize chapmani, rhabdops, and saturatior as species (revision in progress). Oryzomys alfaroi proper may be more closely related to melanotis-rostratus than to the chapmani-saturatior group. Karyotype reported by Haiduk et al. (1979) and Engstrom (1984).	Alfaros Oryzomys
13000794	Oryzomys curasoae	McFarlane and Debrot 2001	SPECIES			curasoae		Oryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Caribbean J. Sci. vol.37 p.182			Known only from Curaçao Isl.	Extinct; found in old owl-pellet deposits together with Rattus rattus, indicating that extinction transpired some time after initial European contact in 1499 (McFarlane and Debrot, 2001).	Described as belonging to Oryzomys, subgenus Oecomys, but the long incisive foramina, zygomatic notch, and deep posterolateral palatal pits of the figured specimen indicate an example of Oryzomys sensu stricto; generic confirmation is required.	Curaçao Oryzomys
13000787	Oryzomys angouya	Fischer 1814	SPECIES			angouya		Oryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Zoognosia. Tabulis synopticis, illustrate p.71		angouya  (Desmarest, 1819); anguya (Rengger, 1830); buccinatus (Olfers, 1818); leucogaster (Wagner, 1845); paraganus Thomas, 1924; ratticeps (Hensel, 1872); rex (Winge, 1887); tropicius Thomas, 1924.	SE Brazil, NE Argentina, and E Paraguay.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as O. buccinatus and O. ratticeps.	Oryzomys angouya is the oldest available name based on Azaras (1801) "Rat troisieme, ou Rat Angouya," a species conventionally known as O. buccinatus and-or O. ratticeps (Avila-Pires, 1960a; Cabrera, 1961; Ellerman, 1941; Gyldenstolpe, 1932; Hershkovitz, 1959a; Moojen, 1952; Musser and Carleton, 1993; Thomas, 1924b). Morphology characterized, neotype designated, and synonyms attributed by Musser et al. (1998). Slight karyotypic variation, reflecting supernumerary chromosomes, reported for specimens from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (2n = 80-82, FN = 88-90; Pereira et al., 2001)	Angouya Oryzomys
13000788	Oryzomys auriventer	Thomas 1890	SPECIES			auriventer		Oryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4 vol.7 p.379		nimbosus  Anthony, 1926.	E Ecuador and N Perú.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	A subspecies of O. albigularis as recognized by Cabrera (1961); considered distinct by Gardner and Patton (1976).	Golden-bellied Oryzomys
13000789	Oryzomys balneator	Thomas 1900	SPECIES			balneator		Oryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.5 p.273		hesperus  Anthony, 1924.	E and S Ecuador, N Perú; range extent uncertain.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Not a member of Oryzomys sensu stricto, but relationships obscure. In many features, balneator resembles species of Microryzomys: all are small, soft-furred oryzomyines with a long, scantily-haired tail; delicate cranium with rounded, featureless braincase and small ectotympanic bullae; narrow zygomatic plate with a shallow dorsal notch; complete carotid circulatory pattern (stapedial foramen and squamosal-alisphenoid groove present) and alisphenoid strut absent; brachyodont, pentalophodont molars with bifurcated anterocone, uppers with three roots and lowers two; and conspicuous capsular process on the mandible. Although cognizant of such similarities when composing the Microryzomys revision (Carleton and Musser, 1989), equally numerous differences persuaded us not to include balneator within the genus. The cranium of balneator is larger and differently proportioned than both M. altissimus and M. minutus; its intero... [truncated]	Ecuadoran Oryzomys
13000790	Oryzomys bolivaris	J. A. Allen 1901	SPECIES			bolivaris		Oryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.14 p.405		alleni  Goldman, 1915; bombycinus Goldman, 1912; castaneus J. A. Allen, 1901; orinus Pearson, 1939; rivularis J. A. Allen, 1901.	Lowland evergreen to lower montane cloud forest from E Honduras, through E Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panamá, to W Colombia and WC Ecuador (see Musser et al., 1998:Fig. 50); about sea level to 1800 m.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Names conventionally applied to this species include bombycinus, as reviewed by Pine (1971), and rivularis, as discussed by Gardner and Patton (1976). Priority of bolivaris established by Musser et al. (1998), who summarized the morphological variation, geographic distribution, and synonymy of the species. Pine (1971) retained subspecies (under the name bombycinus), but Musser et al. (1998) judged intraspecific variation too insubstantial to circumscribe geographic races.	Long-whiskered Oryzomys
13000837	Oxymycterus hucucha	Hinojosa, Anderson, and Patton 1987	SPECIES			hucucha		Oxymycterus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.2898 p.15			Known only from the type locality and vicinity, about 2600-3000 m, C Bolivia.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Morphologically similar to O. hiska.	Quechuan Hocicudo
13000792	Oryzomys chapmani	Thomas 1898	SPECIES			chapmani		Oryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.1 p.179		caudatus  Merriam, 1901; dilutior Merriam, 1901; guerrerensis Goldman, 1915; huastecae Dalquest, 1951.	Cloud forest elevations of Sierra Madre Oriental (Tamaulipas to Veracruz), Sistema Montañosa (N Oaxaca), and Sierra Madre del Sur (S Oaxaca and Guerrero), México.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Relegated to a subspecies of O. alfaroi by Goldman (1918). Goodwin (1969) recognized caudatus as distinct from O. alfaroi in N Oaxaca, but, as earlier arranged by Merriam (1901), O. chapmani has priority for this Mexican species. We view O. saturatior as the vicariant relative of O. chapmani (revision in progress). Karyotype reported, as O. caudatus, by Haiduk et al. (1979).	Chapmans Oryzomys
13000793	Oryzomys couesi	Alston 1876 "1877"	SPECIES			couesi		Oryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1876 p.756		albiventer  Merriam, 1901; antillarum Thomas, 1898; apatelius Elliot, 1904; aquaticus J. A. Allen, 1891; aztecus Merriam, 1901; azuerensis Bole, 1937; bulleri J. A. Allen, 1897; cozumelae Merriam, 1901; crinitus Merriam, 1901; fulgens Thomas, 1893; gatunensis Goldman, 1912; goldmani Merriam, 1901; jalapae J. A. Allen and Chapman, 1897; lambi Burt, 1934; mexicanus J. A. Allen, 1897; molestus Elliot, 1903; peninsulae Thomas, 1897; peragrus Merriam, 1901; pinicola A. Murie, 1932; regillus Goldman, 1915; richardsoni J. A. Allen, 1910; richmondi Merriam, 1901; rufinus Merriam, 1901; rufus Merriam, 1901; teapensis Merriam, 1901; zygomaticus Merriam, 1901.	Extreme S Texas, USA; México, excluding NC plateau region, south through most of Central America (see Platt et al., 2000, for Belize records), to NW Colombia (see Hershkovitz, 1987); including Jamaica, Isla Cozumel, and allopatric populations in S Baja California Sur (peninsulae) and WC Sonora (lambi).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>Retained as a species by Goldman (1918) until Hall (1960) considered it only subspecifically distinct from O. palustris. Benson and Gehlbach (1979) returned O. couesi to specific status based on morphological contrasts with O. p. texensis in supposed area of intergradation; protein electrophoresis corroborates their lack of hybridization and genetic distinctiveness in sympatry (Schmidt and Engstrom, 1994). Karyotype reported by Benson and Gehlbach (1979) and Haiduk et al. (1979); morphometric comparisons with O. palustris by Humphrey and Setzer (1989). Alvarez-Castañeda (1994) discussed the indigenous status and possible extinction of the population (peninsulae) isolated near the tip of Baja California.</p><p>Following Halls (1960) example, other insular or localized subspeciesnamely, antillarum, azuerensis, cozumelae, fulgens, gatunensis, and peninsulae (see Handley, 19... [truncated]	Coues Oryzomys
13000795	Oryzomys devius	Bangs 1902	SPECIES			devius		Oryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. vol.39 p.34			Highlands of Costa Rica and westernmost Panamá.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Maintained as a species until relegated to synonymy under O. albigularis by Handley (1966), emulating the treatment of South American albigularis-like forms by Cabrera (1961). Gardner (1983a), however, continued to rank devius as a species; its status must be evaluated within a revisionary context of the entire albigularis complex.	Talamancan Oryzomys
13000796	Oryzomys dimidiatus	Thomas 1905	SPECIES			dimidiatus		Oryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.15 p.586			SE Nicaragua.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Described as a species of Nectomys and included therein as incertae sedis by Hershkovitz (1944). Later designated as the type species of Micronectomys, subgenus Oryzomys, by Hershkovitz (1948b), who afterwards (1970) acknowledged the taxon as a nomen nudum (also see Pine and Wetzel, 1975:653). Morphological features resemble those of the O. couesi-palustris complex (Hershkovitz, 1970), a relationship supported by Sánchez et al. (2001). Only two specimens known (see Jones and Engstrom, 1986).	Nicaraguan Oryzomys
13000797	Oryzomys emmonsae	Musser, Carleton, Brothers, and Gardner 1998	SPECIES			emmonsae		Oryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.236 p.233			EC Brazil, south of the Rio Amazonas between the lower reaches of the Xingu and Tocantins Rivers.		A member of the O. nitidus complex (Musser et al., 1998; Patton et al., 2000). Sympatry with O. macconnelli and O. megacephalus reported by Musser et al. (1998); range limits require further documentation.	Emmons Oryzomys
13000798	Oryzomys galapagoensis	Waterhouse 1839	SPECIES			galapagoensis		Oryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Zool. Voy. H. M. S. "Beagle," Mammalia p.66		bauri  J. A. Allen, 1892.	San Cristobal (= Chatham) and Sante Fe (= Barrington) Isls.	IUCN  Extinct as O. g. galapagoensis, Vulnerable as G. g. bauri.	Cabrera (1961) assigned bauri as a synonym of O. galapagoensis, an action more fully documented by Patton and Hafner (1983). Related to Oryzomys xanthaeolus complex on mainland South America (Gardner and Patton, 1976; Patton and Hafner, 1983). Extirpated from San Cristobal Isl (galapagoensis proper) but populations (O. g. bauri) still inhabit Sante Fe Isl (see Dowler et al., 2000; Patton and Hafner, 1983).	Galapagos Oryzomys
13500107	Sinolagus	Averianov 1998	SUBGENUS				Sinolagus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha		Lepus sinensis Gray, 1832.					
13500108	Tarimolagus	Gureev 1947	SUBGENUS				Tarimolagus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha						See Pavlinov et al. (1995b).	
13000799	Oryzomys gorgasi	Hershkovitz 1971	SPECIES			gorgasi		Oryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	J. Mammal. vol.52 p.700			Lowlands of NW Colombia and NW Venezuela as so far known.	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Known only by the holotype until new records from Venezuela reported by Sánchez et al. (2001); those authors supplemented the taxons description, argued its specific status in differential comparisons with O. couesi, O. dimidiatus, and O. palustris, and reaffirmed its membership in Oryzomys sensu stricto.	Gorgas Oryzomys
13500211	Lepus sinensis subsp. sinensis	Gray 1832	SUBSPECIES		sinensis	sinensis	Sinolagus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Illustr. Indian Zool. vol.2 p.pl. 20						
13000800	Oryzomys hammondi	Thomas 1913	SPECIES			hammondi		Oryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.12 p.570			NW Ecuador.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Described as a species of Nectomys and included therein as incertae sedis by Hershkovitz (1944). Later designated as the type species of Macruroryzomys, subgenus Oryzomys, by Hershkovitz (1948b), who afterwards (1970) acknowledged the taxon as a nomen nudum (also see Pine and Wetzel, 1975:653). Distributional limits poorly defined and affinities obscure, perhaps related to the extirpated Antillean form Megalomys (Ray, 1962).	Hammonds Oryzomys
13000801	Oryzomys keaysi	J. A. Allen 1900	SPECIES			keaysi		Oryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.13 p.225		obtusirostris  J. A. Allen, 1900.	Montane rainforest of E Peruvian Andes.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	A subspecies of O. albigularis sensu Cabrera (1961). Genetically divergent from O. albigularis and O. levipes; contiguously allopatric to the latter (see Patton et al., 1990).	Keayss Oryzomys
13000802	Oryzomys lamia	Thomas 1901	SPECIES			lamia		Oryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.8 p.528			Limited to Cerrado in Minas Gerais and Goiás states, C Brazil (see Bonvicino et al., 1998a).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Considered vulnerable by Bonvicino et al. (1998a).	Retained as a species (e.g., Gyldenstolpe, 1932; Musser and Carleton, 1993) until reallocated to the synonymy of O. russatus by Musser et al. (1998). However, clear morphometric differentiation (Musser et al., 1998) and divergent karyotype (2n = 58, FN = 82; Bonvicino et al., 1998a) from O. russatus (2n = 80, FN = 86; Silva et al., 2000) recommend specific recognition. Allied to O. intermedius (= O. russatus) according to Thomas (1901b) and with the O. nitidus group sensu Musser et al. (1998).	Buffy-sided Oryzomys
13000803	Oryzomys laticeps	Lund 1840	SPECIES			laticeps		Oryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Preprint of 1841 K. Dansk. Vidensk. Selskav Afhandl., Kjobenhavn vol.8 p.279		oniscus  Thomas, 1904; saltator (Winge, 1887).	Atlantic Forest region of SE Brazil.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt) as O. oniscus.	Lectotype selected, synonyms identified, and morphological separation from O. megacephalus and related oryzomyines elaborated by Musser et al. (1998); includes oniscus, previously recognized as a separate species (e.g., Gyldenstolpe, 1932; Moojen, 1952; Musser and Carleton, 1993). Cladistic interpretation of cytochrome b data reveals a sister-species relationship between O. laticeps and O. perenensis (Patton et al., 2000).	Atlantic Forest Oryzomys
13800145	Macroglossus minimus subsp. booensis	Kompanje and Moeliker 2001	SUBSPECIES		booensis	minimus		Macroglossus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13000804	Oryzomys legatus	Thomas 1925	SPECIES			legatus		Oryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.15 p.577			E Andean slopes of SC Bolivia and NW Argentina.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Considered conspecific with O. capito (= O. megacephalus) (Cabrera, 1961; Hershkovitz, 1960), viewed as a probable synonym of O. nitidus (Gardner and Patton, 1976), or retained as a species (Gyldenstolpe, 1932; Mares et al., 1989b; Massoia, 1975; Musser and Carleton, 1993). Musser et al. (1998) acknowledged the morphological distinctiveness of legatus but ultimately arranged it within a broadly defined O. russatus, a related form of the nitidus species group. This proposed relationship finds no support from trees derived from cytochrome b sequences (Patton et al., 2000), in which specimens of legatus fall among those of O. nitidus proper, not with O. russatus from SE Brazil. In view of the pronounced morphometric differentiation of legatus and nitidus in SC Bolivia (Musser et al., 1998:208-218), we follow Patton et al. (2000) in regarding both as species ... [truncated]	Tarija Oryzomys
13000805	Oryzomys levipes	Thomas 1902	SPECIES			levipes		Oryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.9 p.129			Cloud forest of SE Perú to WC Bolivia (see Anderson, 1997:Fig. 696).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Synonymized under O. albigularis keaysi by Cabrera (1961). Genetically divergent from and altitudinally parapatric to O. keaysi in Perú (see Patton et al., 1990).	Nimble-footed Oryzomys
13000806	Oryzomys macconnelli	Thomas 1910	SPECIES			macconnelli		Oryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.6 p.186		incertus  J. A. Allen, 1913; mureliae J. A. Allen, 1915 [replacement name for incertus].	Tropical evergreen rain forest, sea level to 1524 m, of SC Colombia, E Ecuador and Perú, eastwards to S Venezuela, Guianas, and N Brazil (see Musser et al., 1998:Fig. 78).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Included in O. capito (= O. megacephalus) by Hershkovitz (1960) but retained as species by Cabrera (1961). Morphological and karyotypic basis for species recognition reinforced by Pine (1973), Gardner and Patton (1976), and Husson (1978) (and see comments under O. megacephalus). Musser et al. (1998) contributed a synopsis of its distribution, chromosomal variation, and morphological discrimination from related oryzomyines; differences in karyotype and cytochrome b haplotypes (Patton et al., 2000) intimate that macconnelli as presently defined is a composite of two species. Phylogeographic relationships among populations of O. macconnelli and between O. macconnelli and other nitidus group species examined by Costa (2003).	MacConnells Oryzomys
13000807	Oryzomys maracajuensis	Langguth and Bonvicino 2002	SPECIES			maracajuensis		Oryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Arq. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro vol.60 p.292			Definitely known only from the type locality, S Brazil, but probably occurs in E Paraguay; limits unknown.		O. subflavus species group. Similar to O. subflavus but larger, with longer fur and different karyotype (2n = 56, FN = 58); collected sympatrically with O. scotti.	Maracaju Oryzomys
13500212	Lepus sinensis subsp. formosus	Thomas 1908	SUBSPECIES		formosus	sinensis	Sinolagus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13000809	Oryzomys megacephalus	Fischer 1814	SPECIES			megacephalus		Oryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Zoognosia. Tabulis synopticis, illustrate p.71		capito  (Olfers, 1818); cephalotes (Desmarest 1819); goeldi Thomas, 1897; modestus J. A. Allen, 1899; velutinus J. A. Allen and Chapman, 1893.	Lowland tropical rainforests of E AmazoniaE and S Venezuela, Guianas, N and C Brazil, E Paraguay; including Trinidad; western limits indeterminate.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>Oryzomys megacephalus (Fischer, 1814) is the oldest available name based on Azaras (1801) "Rat second, ou Rat a grosse tete," a form conventionally known as O. capito (Olfers, 1818) in the middle 1900s (e.g., Cabrera, 1961; Hall, 1981; Hershkovitz, 1960). Taxonomic understanding of this species was obscured by the infelicitous footnote of Hershkovitz (1960:544), who suggested the synonymy of some 20 taxa under O. capito, a passing opinion formally expanded by Cabrera (1961) and followed by other authors (e.g., Hall, 1981; Handley, 1966a, 1976). The extremeness of this viewpoint was exposed by the karyotypic study of Gardner and Patton (1976), a watershed paper that has sparked critical review, still on-going, of this diverse species complex.</p><p>As a result, the following forms considered synonyms by Hershkovitz (1960) and/or Cabrera (1961) are now acknowledged as distinct species or as synonyms of other species (see separate accounts): <... [truncated]	Azaras Broad-headed Oryzomys
13000810	Oryzomys melanotis	Thomas 1893	SPECIES			melanotis		Oryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.11 p.404		colimensis  Goldman, 1918.	Low to intermediate elevations of W México, from S Sinaloa to SW Oaxaca.	IUCN  Data Deficient.	Revised by Goldman (1918), who recognized melanotis and rostratus as separate species within a melanotis species group. Hooper (1953) viewed the geographic complementarity of the two as a subspecific pattern, and so they were recognized by Hall and Kelson (1959) and Hall (1981). Engstrom (1984) returned rostratus to a separate species based on a robust variety of data interpreted within a zoogeographic context.	Black-eared Oryzomys
13000811	Oryzomys meridensis	Thomas 1894	SPECIES			meridensis		Oryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.14 p.351			Sierra de Mérida, W Venezuela.		Reallocated as a subspecies of O. albigularis by Cabrera (1961), but extensive chromosomal rearrangements suggest specific status (Aguilera et al., 1995). Karyotypic and morphometric differentiation from Venzuelan populations identified as O. caracolus assessed by Aguilera et al. (1995) and Márquez et al. (2000); also see remarks under the latter. Nongeographic variation in crania and dentitions evaluated (as O. albigularis) by Rivas and Pefaur (1999b).	Mérida Oryzomys
13000812	Oryzomys nelsoni	Merriam 1898	SPECIES			nelsoni		Oryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.12 p.15			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN  Extinct; known only by the 4 specimens of the type series and presumed to be extinct (see Wilson, 1991).	Allied to O. couesi, under which Hershkovitz (1971) listed it as a subspecies. Unquestionably a species distinct from mainland O. couesi and O. palustris as others have recognized (Goldman, 1918; Hall, 1981). See Alvarez-Castañeda and Méndez (2003, Mammalian Species, 735).	Nelsons Oryzomys
13000813	Oryzomys nitidus	Thomas 1884	SPECIES			nitidus		Oryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1884 p.452		boliviae  Thomas, 1901.	Lowland rain forest and Andean foothills, 50-1985 m, of E Perú, E Bolivia, and WC Brazil (Acre and Mato Grosso) (See Musser et al., 1998:Fig. 79; Patton et al., 2000).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	A species formerly included in O. capito (= O. megacephalus) by Cabrera (1961) or affiliated with O. alfaroi by Hershkovitz (1966c). Gardner and Patton (1976) provided karyotypic and morphological evidence justifying the specific distinction of O. nitidus from both and listed boliviae, intermedius, and legatus as likely synonyms. Distribution, synonymy, and morphological recognition clarified by Musser et al. (1998), who arrayed O. nitidus with O. emmonsae, O. macconnelli, and O. russatus as a species group; their monophyletic association is generally supported by cytochrome b data but cladistic details differ depending on the study (Bonvicino and Martins Moreira, 2001; Patton et al., 2000). Detailed karyotypic comparisons of O. nitidus with other nitidus group species presented by Silva et al. (2000); limited resemblanc... [truncated]	Elegant Oryzomys
13000848	Pearsonomys annectens	Patterson 1992	SPECIES			annectens		Pearsonomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Zool. J. Linn. Soc. vol.106 p.136			Known only from the type locality and vicinity but may inhabit other areas of the Valdivian temperate rainforest zone, WC Chile.	IUCN  Data Deficient.	Another species endemic to the austral Nothofagus temperate rainforests, highlighting the importance of the S Andean region in understanding biotic genesis and sigmodontine biogeography (see Patterson, 1992b).	Pearsons Long-clawed Akodont
13000838	Oxymycterus inca	Thomas 1900	SPECIES			inca		Oxymycterus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.6 p.298		doris  Thomas, 1916; iris Thomas, 1901; juliacae J. A. Allen, 1900.	SC Perú to N Bolivia, as far south as Cochabamba and W Santa Cruz Depts. (see Anderson, 1997:Fig. 727).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Both Cabrera (1961) and Reig (1987) concurred in citing the listed synonyms as subspecies. Anderson (1997) outlined subspecific boundaries of doris and iris in Bolivia; distributional extent and delineation of subspecies in northern sector of range unclear.	Inca Hocicudo
13500213	Lepus sinensis subsp. yuenshanensis	Shih 1930	SUBSPECIES		yuenshanensis	sinensis	Sinolagus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500232	Lepus timidus subsp. orii	Kuroda 1928	SUBSPECIES		orii	timidus	Lepus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13000814	Oryzomys palustris	Harlan 1837	SPECIES			palustris		Oryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Am. J. Sci. vol.31 p.385		argentatus  Spitzer and Lazell 1978; coloratus Bangs, 1898; natator Chapman, 1893; oryzivora (Bachman, 1854); planirostris Hamilton, 1955; sanibeli Hamilton, 1955; texensis J. A. Allen, 1894.	SE USASE Kansas, S Illinois, and S New Jersey, south, avoiding the Appalachian Mtns, to E and coastal Texas, along the Gulf coast, and into peninsular Florida and lower Florida Keys.	U.S. ESAEndangered in the lower Florida Keys (west of the Seven Mile Bridge) as O. p. natator; IUCN  Data Deficient as O. p. natator, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	<p>Formerly included couesi and related forms as subspecies (see account of O. couesi). Geographic variation evaluated by Humphrey and Setzer (1989), who acknowledged the nominate and only one other subspecies, O. p. natator; Whitaker and Hamilton (1998), on the other hand, regarded the island taxa planirostris and sanibeli as valid subspecies and viewed natator as indistinguishable from nominate palustris, observing their philosophical emphasis of overwater gaps as "primary isolating mechanisms" rather than renewed data analyses. Overwater dispersal capability studied by Forys and Dueser (1993) in the context of understanding differentiation of populations on near-shore islands. Recoveries from sub-Recent archeological and cave excavations document the species substantially to the north (E Nebraska to SW Pennsylvania) of its present range limits (see Graham and Lundelius, 1994; Richards, 1980).</p><p>The form arg... [truncated]	Marsh Oryzomys
13000815	Oryzomys perenensis	J. A. Allen 1901	SPECIES			perenensis		Oryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.14 p.406			E Andean foothills and western margins of the Amazon Basin, including C and SE Colombia, E Ecuador, E Perú, E Bolivia, and WC Brazil (see Patton et al., 2000:Fig. 96); eastern limits indeterminate.		Morphometric and karyotypic differentiation of western Amazonian populations (perenensis) from eastern ones (O. megacephalus sensu stricto) recognized by Musser et al. (1998), who doggedly elected to retain the former as a synonym of the latter pending vouchered demonstration of sympatry. Genetic divergence persuasively documented by Patton et al. (2000), who reinstated O. perenensis as a species, as have others (Bonvicino and Martins Moreira, 2001; Voss et al., 2001). Eastern distributional limits, however, remain obscure and undocumented by specimens; given the morphological ambiguity of certain series from middle Amazonas (see Musser et al., 1998), the stature and geographic limits of perenensis should continue to be refined with regard to western populations of O. megacephalus.	Western Amazonian Oryzomys
13400611	Quemisia	Miller 1929	GENUS					Quemisia	Heptaxodontidae	Rodentia	Smithson. Misc. Coll. vol.81 9 p.22	Quemisia gravis Miller, 1929.					
13000816	Oryzomys polius	Osgood 1913	SPECIES			polius		Oryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser. vol.10 p.97			NC Perú (Amazonas, Cajamarca, Piura).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Affinities obscure; compared to O. xanthaeolus by Osgood (1913). A valid and very distinctive species, all locality records so far confined to the dry lowlands of the upper Río Marañon basin, east of the N Peruvian Andes.	Marañon Oryzomys
13000817	Oryzomys rhabdops	Merriam 1901	SPECIES			rhabdops		Oryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. vol.3 p.292		angusticeps  Merriam, 1901.	Highlands of S Chiapas, México, and C Guatemala.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Allocated to subspecies of O. alfaroi by Goldman (1918), as conventionally observed in later systematic works (e.g., Hall, 1981). Merriams form is a valid species, having a much longer tail, longer pelage, and larger cranium than true O. alfaroi.	Highland Oryzomys
13000818	Oryzomys rostratus	Merriam 1901	SPECIES			rostratus		Oryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. vol.3 p.293		carrorum  Lawrence, 1947; megadon Merriam, 1901; salvadorensis Felton, 1958; yucatanensis Merriam, 1901.	Deciduous and evergreen tropical forests from C Tamaulipas to Oaxaca and Yucatán Peninsula, México, through Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras (see Lee and Bradley, 1992), to S Nicaragua (see Jones and Engstrom, 1986).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Formerly considered a subspecies of O. melanotis (Hall, 1981; Hooper, 1953), Engstrom (1984) effectively argued the specific distinctiveness of O. rostratus (also see account of O. melanotis). Homogeneity of populations assigned to O. rostratus warrants additional study.	Long-nosed Oryzomys
13000819	Oryzomys russatus	Wagner 1848	SPECIES			russatus		Oryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Abh. Math.-Phys. Classe K. B. Akad. Wiss. (Munchen) vol.5 p.312		coronatus  (Winge, 1887); intermedia (Leche, 1886); kelloggi Avila-Pires, 1959; moojeni Avila-Pires, 1959; physodes (Brants, 1827) [preoccupied by Mus physodes Olfers, 1818].	E Paraguay, SE Brazil (Bahia to Rio Grande do Sul), and NE Argentina (as per Massoia, 1975; Musser et al., 1998).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as O. intermedius and O. kelloggi.	The oldest available name for the form conventionally identified in the literature as intermedius, either used as a subspecies of O. capito (= O. megacephalus) (Cabrera, 1961) or as a distinct species (Gardner and Patton, 1976; Moojen, 1952; Musser and Carleton, 1993). Nomenclatural priority of russatus Wagner, lectotype designation, morphological definition, and distribution presented by Musser et al. (1998). A member of the O. nitidus group sensu Musser et al. (1998); most closely related to O. emmonsae and ­O. macconnelli based on evaluations of cytochrome b sequence data (Bonvicino and Martin Moreira, 2001; Patton et al., 2000). Extensive karyotypic variation advises that other species remain to be identified among the populations referred to russatus (see Silva et al., 2000).	Russet Oryzomys
13500147	Lepus capensis subsp. sinaiticus	Ehrenberg 1833	SUBSPECIES		sinaiticus	capensis		Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha						Part of a group of subspecies from East Africa.	
13400364	Ctenomys viperinus	Thomas 1926	SPECIES			viperinus		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.17 p.605			N Tucuman Prov. (Argentina).		Cabrera (1961) considered viperinus synonymous with knighti but Galliari et al. (1996) listed it as a distinct species.	Vipos Tuco-tuco
13000820	Oryzomys saturatior	Merriam 1901	SPECIES			saturatior		Oryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. vol.3 p.290		hylocetes  Merriam, 1901.	Cloud forest elevations from S Oaxaca and Chiapas, México, through Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador, to NC Nicaragua.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Described as a subspecies of O. chapmani (Merriam, 1901a) and later retained as a subspecies of O. alfaroi (Goldman, 1918; Hall and Kelson, 1959). The divergence of O. chapmani and O. saturatior, whose populations are confined to wet montane forest separated by the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, suggests that they are sister species.	Cloud Forest Oryzomys
13000821	Oryzomys scotti	Langguth and Bonvicino 2002	SPECIES			scotti		Oryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Arq. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro vol.60 p.290			Cerrado of Matto Grosso do Sul to Goiás and W Minas Gerais, C Brazil (Langguth and Bonvicino, 2002:Fig. 1).		O. subflavus species group. Similar to O. subflavus but size smaller, dorsal-ventral contrast less defined, and karyotype different (2n = 58, FN = 70-72); reported as "O. subflavus variant 4" by Bonvicino et al. (1999).	Lindberghs Oryzomys
13000822	Oryzomys seuanezi	Weksler, Geise, and Cerqueira 1999	SPECIES			seuanezi		Oryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Zool. Jour. Linnean Soc. vol.125 p.454			Atlantic Forest, SE Brazil.		Morphometric and karyological comparisons with other Brazilian members of the O. megacephalus complex provided by Weksler et al. (1999); a sister species to O. oniscus (or O. laticeps sensu Musser et al., 1998). The level of differentiation of this species from Lunds (1840) laticeps, identified by Musser et al. (1998) as the senior synonym for the large megacephalus like form of the Atlantic Forest region, deserves further examination.	Seuánezs Oryzomys
13000829	Oxymycterus akodontius	Thomas 1921	SPECIES			akodontius		Oxymycterus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.8 p.615			NW Argentina.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Perhaps conspecific with O. paramensis according to Cabrera (1961), Vitullo et al. (1986), and Reig (1987); retained as species by Galliari et al. (1996).	Akodont-like Hocicudo
13000823	Oryzomys subflavus	Wagner 1842	SPECIES			subflavus		Oryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Arch. Naturgesh. vol.8 1 p.362		vulpinoides  (Schinz, 1845) [a renaming of vulpinus Lund, preoccupied by Mus vulpinus Brants, 1827]; vulpinus (Lund, 1840).	Lowland forests of E Brazil (Ceará and Río Grande do Norte southwestwardly to São Paulo), E Bolivia (less than 500 m, per Anderson, 1997), and extreme SE Peru (as buccinatus, per Pacheco et al., 1995); limits uncertain.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Morphology characterized, holotype identified, and synonyms attributed by Musser et al. (1998); definition further restricted and karyotype (2n = 54, FN = 62), based on topotypical specimens, reported by Langguth and Bonvicino (2002). Hershkovitz (1960) placed catherinae Thomas, and rex Thomas, as synonyms of O. subflavus; however, both are forms of Oecomys (see that account). The supposed distribution of O. subflavus in the Guianas (e.g., Honacki et al., 1982) issued from this erroneous allocation of names (e.g., not recorded by Husson, 1978, or Voss et al., 2001). Age and secondary sexual variation in a large sample (Perambuco, Brazil) investigated by Brandt and Pessóa (1994). Extensive karyotypic (2n = 46-58, FN = 56-72) and molecular variation indicates the presence of several species within the nominal taxon (Andrades-Miranda et al., 2002b; Bonvicino et al., 1999; Bonvicino and Martins Moreira, 2001:Fig. 4, which see for geog... [truncated]	Flavescent Oryzomys
13000824	Oryzomys talamancae	J. A. Allen 1891	SPECIES			talamancae		Oryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus. vol.14 p.193		carrikeri  J. A. Allen, 1908; magdalenae J. A. Allen, 1899; medius Robinson and Lyon, 1901; mollipilosus J. A. Allen, 1899; panamensis Thomas, 1901; sylvaticus Thomas, 1900; villosus J. A. Allen, 1899.	Forested lowlands, sea level to 1525 m, from NW Costa Rica, through Panamá, to W and NC Colombia, W Ecuador, and N Venezuela (see Musser et al., 1998:Fig. 66).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Considered a junior synonym of O. capito (= O. megacephalus) (Hershkovitz, 1960), an opinion that led to its arrangement as a subspecies thereof (Hall, 1981; Handley, 1966a). Species status maintained by Gardner (1983a) and reasserted based on G-banding comparisons with capito (= O. megacephalus) by Pérez-Zapata and Aguilera (1996). Morphological recognition, distributional limits, karyotypic variation, and synonymies amplified by Musser and Williams (1985) and Musser et al. (1998).	Transandean Oryzomys
13000825	Oryzomys tatei	Musser, Carleton, Brothers, and Gardner 1998	SPECIES			tatei		Oryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.236 p.100			Known from only three localities along E Andean foothills, 1128-1524 m, of C Ecuador.		A close relative of O. yunganus (see Musser et al., 1998).	Tates Oryzomys
13000826	Oryzomys xanthaeolus	Thomas 1894	SPECIES			xanthaeolus		Oryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.14 p.354		baroni  J. A. Allen, 1897; ica Osgood, 1944.	WC Ecuador to W Perú.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Probable mainland relative of O. galapagoensis (Gardner and Patton, 1976; Patton and Hafner, 1983). Nongeographic variation in sample from NW Perú evaluated by Lavrenchenko (1994), who documented pronounced sexual dimorphism and commented on its evolutionary significance. Stomach morphology and diet reported by Guabloche et al. (2002) for Peruvian population. Possible species status of ica deserves evaluation.	Yellowish Oryzomys
13000839	Oxymycterus josei	Hoffmann, Lessa, and Smith 2002	SPECIES			josei		Oxymycterus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	J. Mammal. vol.83 p.411			SW Uruguay, south of the Río Negro.		A medium-sized species that is morphologically similar to O. nasutus, with which it occurs sympatrically; sister species to O. rufus according to phylogenetic analysis of cytochrome b data (Hoffmann et al., 2002).	Cooks Hocicudo
13500127	Lepus brachyurus subsp. lyoni	Kishida 1937	SUBSPECIES		lyoni	brachyurus		Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500128	Lepus brachyurus subsp. okiensis	Thomas 1906	SUBSPECIES		okiensis	brachyurus		Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13000827	Oryzomys yunganus	Thomas 1902	SPECIES			yunganus		Oryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.9 p.130			Evergreen rain forest of Amazonia, sea level-2000 m, from Guianas and S Venezuela (Ochoa et al., 1988) to C Brazil, including lowlands and Andean foothills of C Colombia, E Ecuador, E Perú, and N Bolivia (see Musser et al., 1998:Fig. 14).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Considered a subspecies of O. capito (= O. megacephalus) by Cabrera (1961); specific differences illuminated by Gardner and Patton (1976) and sustained by strong genetic divergence therefrom (Patton et al., 2000). Morphological definition, localization of type locality, and distributional limits provided by Musser et al. (1998), who noted substantial morphometric differentiation between western and eastern populations that may reflect separate species; also see Voss et al. (2001) for additional comments on this variation and for other comparisons with O. megacephalus.	Amazonian Oryzomys
13000828	Oxymycterus	Waterhouse 1837	GENUS					Oxymycterus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1837 p.21	Mus nasutus Waterhouse, 1837.				<p>Akodontini. Studies of electromorphic and gene-sequence variation decisively support the monophyly of Oxymycterus (minus iheringi, see Brucepattersonius) and its tribal placement as an akodontine (DElía, 2003; DElía et al., 2003; Hinojosa et al., 1987; Hoffmann et al., 2002; Patton et al., 1989; Smith and Patton, 1993, 1999); according to cytochrome b data, a sister group to the Necromys Thaptomys Akodon clade (Smith and Patton, 1999) or to Juscelinomys (DElía, 2003; DElía et al., 2003). Studies addressing the morphological definition of Oxymycterus include Carleton (1973), Hooper and Musser (1964a), Hinojosa et al. (1987), Vorontsov (1967), and Voss and Linzey (1981). Diploid number of species thus far karyotyped (ca. 8) have proven to be identical (2n = 54, FN = 64) (Bonvicino et al., 1998b; Pereira et al., 2001; Vitullo et al., 1986).</p><p>Specific taxonomy needs full published revision, including e... [truncated]	
13000830	Oxymycterus amazonicus	Hershkovitz 1994	SPECIES			amazonicus		Oxymycterus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Fieldiana Zool., N.S. vol.79 p.23			Lower Amazon Basin, south of the Rio Amazonas between the Rios Tocantins and Madeira, C Brazil, as least as far south as NW Mato Grosso (per additional localities reported by Musser et al., 1998:239).		Considered a small size-class species, principally compared with O. nasutus; sister species to O. delator according to phylogenetic analysis of cytochrome b data (Hoffmann et al., 2002).	Amazonian Hocicudo
13000831	Oxymycterus angularis	Thomas 1909	SPECIES			angularis		Oxymycterus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.4 p.237			Extreme E Brazil (Alagoas, Ceará, Pernambuco).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	A large form maintained as a species since its description (e.g., Cabrera, 1961; Moojen, 1952).	Angular Hocicudo
13000832	Oxymycterus caparoae	Hershkovitz 1998	SPECIES			caparoae		Oxymycterus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bonn. Zool. Beitr. vol.47 p.244			Humid montane forest and secondary vegetation, 1800-2700 m, E Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo to Rio de Janeiro, SE Brazil (see Bonvicino et al., 1998b).		A medium species similar to O. paramensis and O. nasutus; level of differentiation from latter should be reevaluated in the context of a full generic revision.	Mt Caparaó Hocicudo
13000833	Oxymycterus dasytrichus	Schinz 1821	SPECIES			dasytrichus		Oxymycterus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Cuviers Das Thierreich vol.1 p.288		dasytrichos  (Wied-Neuwied, 1826); dosytrichos (Schinz, 1821); rostellatus (Wagner, 1842).	Atlantic Forest region of SE Brazil (Bahia to São Paulo; see Hoffmann et al., 2002, Pereira et al., 2001).		Original spelling as Mus dosytrichos, emended to dasytrichus by Tate (1932g:17). Arranged as a full synonym of O. rufus by Ellerman (1941) or recognized subspecies by Cabrera (1961), and so associated by Musser and Carleton (1993). Fonseca et al. (1996) and Pereira et al. (2001) listed dasytrichus as species, and confirmatory data (mitochrondrial DNA) demonstrating its clear separation from O. rufus presented by Hoffmann et al. (2002). Karyotype (2n = 54, FN = 64) reported by Pereira et al. (2001). The taxon rostellatus is listed as a species by Fonseca et al. (1996).	Atlantic Forest Hocicudo
13000834	Oxymycterus delator	Thomas 1903	SPECIES			delator		Oxymycterus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.11 p.489			E Paraguay, SC Brazil.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Provisionally retained as a species by Reig (1987), who questioned its distinction from O. rufus. Genetically well delineated from O. rufus and sister species to O. amazonicus according to phylogenetic analysis of cytochrome b data (Hoffmann et al., 2002). Distributional limits uncertain: not recorded for the Brazilian fauna by Fonseca et al. (1996) but mapped as broadly distributed in SC Brazil by Hoffmann et al. (2002).	Paraguayan Hocicudo
13000835	Oxymycterus hiska	Hinojosa, Anderson, and Patton 1987	SPECIES			hiska		Oxymycterus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.2898 p.14			E Andean slopes in SE Peru and NW Bolivia (La Paz and Cochabamba Depts.), 610-3500.	IUCN  Vulnerable	Smallest species of Oxymycterus, morphologically resembling O. hucucha but genetically closer to O. paramensis (Hoffmann et al., 2002). Bolivian records originally reported as O. paramensis (Anderson, 1997) and reidentified by Oliveira (in Salazar-Bravo et al., 2002b).	Small Hocicudo
13500145	Lepus capensis subsp. hawkeri	Thomas 1901	SUBSPECIES		hawkeri	capensis		Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha						Part of a group of subspecies from East Africa.	
13000840	Oxymycterus nasutus	Waterhouse 1837	SPECIES			nasutus		Oxymycterus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1837 p.16			Uruguay and adjacent SE Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul to São Paulo).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Comparisons with O. iheringi provided by Massoia and Fornes (1969). They (and Vitullo et al., 1986) further noted the morphological distinction of O. nasutus from O. rufus, under which it had been ranked as a subspecies (Cabrera, 1961); pronounced divergence from the latter sustained by genetic (cytochrome b) and morphometric analyses (Hoffmann et al., 2002).	Long-nosed Hocicudo
13000841	Oxymycterus paramensis	Thomas 1902	SPECIES			paramensis		Oxymycterus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.9 p.139		jacentior  Thomas, 1925; nigrifrons Osgood, 1944.	Middle to upper E Andean slopes, ca. 1000-4000 m, in SE Perú, WC Bolivia, and NW Argentina.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Parenthetically mentioned as a subspecies of rutilans (= O. rufus) by Hershkovitz (1966c) but most systematists have recognized paramensis as a species (Anderson, 1997; Cabrera, 1961; Gyldenstolpe, 1932; Honacki et al., 1982; Musser and Carleton, 1993). Allozymic (Hinososa et al., 1987) and gene-sequence (Hoffmann et al., 2002) analyses support sibling kinship with O. hiska, and the latter study underscores its genetic differentiation from O. rufus. Musser and Carleton (1993) suggested that placement of jacentior with this species merits reconsideration; Cabrera (1961) retained it, nigrifrons, and the nominate form as discernable subspecies, as did Anderson (1997:Fig. 728) for Bolivian populations.	Yungas Hocicudo
13000860	Phyllotis magister	Thomas 1912	SPECIES			magister		Phyllotis	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.10 p.406			Upper Pacific slopes of Andes from C Perú (see Arana-Cardó and Ascorra, 1994) to N Chile.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Hershkovitz (1962) treated magister as a subspecies of P. darwini, a rank inconsistent with records of sympatry (Pearson, 1958) and karyotypic differences (Pearson, 1972; Pearson and Patton, 1976). Pearson (1958) arranged definitus as a subspecies of P. magister but later (1972) supported its specific status. Intestinal area and volume compared with P. xanthopygus and related to dietary differences (Lagos and Bozinovic, 1999).	Majestic Pericote
13000842	Oxymycterus quaestor	Thomas 1903	SPECIES			quaestor		Oxymycterus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.11 p.226		judex  Thomas, 1909; misionalis Sanborn, 1931.	NE Argentina (Misiones), SE Brazil (N Rio Grande do Sul to Rio de Janeiro), and perhaps extreme E Paraguay.		Oxymycterus quaestor, judex, and misionalis were all described as species, but Cabrera (1961) and Reig (1987) considered them to be subspecific synonyms of O. hispidus, as subsequently observed (Corbet and Hill, 1991; Musser and Carleton, 1993). Recent checklists have referenced some or all as species, without explanation (e.g., Fonseca et al., 1996; Galliari et al., 1996; Heinonen Fortabat and Chebez, 1997). Hoffmann et al. (2002) too acknowledged the three as species; however, their analytical samples are substantially congruent in morphometric space (CVA based on 29 craniodental measurements), a posteriori misclassification among the three is relatively high, and molecular samples of two (judex and quaestor) form a clade that appears comparable to intraspecific sequence divergence levels presented for other species (e.g., O. dasytrichus, O. delator, and O. rufus). We provisionally retain the t... [truncated]	Quaestor Hocicudo
13000843	Oxymycterus roberti	Thomas 1901	SPECIES			roberti		Oxymycterus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.8 p.530			Vicinity of type locality; range limits uncertain.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Roberts Hocicudo
13000844	Oxymycterus rufus	Fischer 1814	SPECIES			rufus		Oxymycterus	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Zoognosia vol.3 p.71		platensis  Thomas, 1914; rutilans (Olfers, 1818).	EC Argentina.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Priority of Mus rufus Fischer, 1814, over Mus rutilans Olfers, 1818, both based on Azara's (1801) descriptions, deserves formal stabilization as does clarification of the morphological identity of the species with Azaras "Rat cinquieme ou rat roux." Similarly, decisive fixation of the type locality is required. Cabrera (1961) cited Rengger (1830) for the placement of the type locality near Asunción, Paraguay, but Renggers basis for this interpretation is unclear since Azara (1802) mentioned collecting the species in an arroyo at 32.5 degrees, presumably S latitude. Hershkovitz (1994), perhaps following Musser and Carletons observations (1993:727), restricted the type locality as given above; Galliari et al. (1996) instead noted that the type locality should be restricted to the vicinity of San Ignacio Guazú, Paraguay. Vitullo et al. (1986) supported the union of O. rufus and platensis as one species based on their chromosomal similarity, a synonymy... [truncated]	Rufous Hocicudo
13000845	Paralomys	Thomas 1926	GENUS					Paralomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.17 p.315	Phyllotis gerbillus Thomas, 1900.				Phyllotini. Although named as a genus and early recognized as such (Cabrera, 1961; Gyldenstolpe, 1932; Pearson, 1958), Paralomys was later submerged as a subgenus of Calomys (Ellerman, 1941) or as a subgenus or full synonym of Phyllotis (Hershkovitz, 1962; Osgood, 1947; Pearson and Patton, 1976). Uncertainty over its monophyletic union with those species and taxonomic rank has been revived by broad phylogenetic studies of morphological characters that suggest the distant relationship of gerbillus and amicus to other Phyllotis (Braun, 1993; Steppan, 1995). Braun (1993) elevated Paralomys to its former generic status, but Steppan (1995) reservedly maintained it as a synonym for want of strongly supported cladistic structure and demonstable monophyly of gerbillus amicus in the various trees generated (also see Steppan and Sullivan, 2000). Compared with other Phyllotis, we are impressed by the very brachyodont molars of ... [truncated]	
13000846	Paralomys gerbillus	Thomas 1900	SPECIES			gerbillus		Paralomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.5 p.151			Sechura Desert, NW Perú.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Phyllotis gerbillus.		Gerbilline Pericote
13000847	Pearsonomys	Patterson 1992	GENUS					Pearsonomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Zool. J. Linn. Soc. vol.106 p.132	Pearsonomys annectens Patterson, 1992.				Akodontini (S Andean clade). A long-clawed akodont with long pinnae, morphologically most similar to Geoxus and probably its closest generic relative (Patterson, 1992b), a relationship affirmed by molecular data (Smith and Patton, 1999).	
13500146	Lepus capensis subsp. isabellinus	Cretzschmar 1826	SUBSPECIES		isabellinus	capensis		Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha						Part of a group of subspecies from East Africa.	
13000849	Phaenomys	Thomas 1917	GENUS					Phaenomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.20 p.196	Oryzomys ferrugineus Thomas, 1894.				Sigmodontinae incertae sedis per Smith and Patton (1999) or Oryzomyini sensu lato per Reig (1981). Another of the SE Brazilian endemics whose systematic relationships are minimally understood. Bonvicino et al. (2001) reported on a recently collected specimen, documenting its karyotype (2n = 78, FN = 114), redescribing the taxons morphology, and comparing it with Andean Thomasomyini and other Atlantic Forest thomasomyine-like genera. The authors noted that morphological characters reinforce the plesiomorphic nature of the genus, thereby offering little insight to relationships, while the chromosomal complement demonstrates affinity with species of Delomys.	
13000850	Phaenomys ferrugineus	Thomas 1894	SPECIES			ferrugineus		Phaenomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.14 p.352			Known only from a restricted area in the Serra do Mar, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo states, S Brazil.	IUCN  Endangered.	Known museum records (total = 11) consolidated by Maia Vaz (2000), who noted that the species has not been collected within the last sixty years and commented on its conservation status. An individual collected in 1998, from Rio de Janeiro, brings the total to 12 and indicates that the species can persist even in slightly degraded habitat (Bonvicino et al., 2001).	Rusty Phaenomys
13000870	Punomys kofordi	Pacheco and Patton 1995	SPECIES			kofordi		Punomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Z. Saugetierk. vol.60 p.86			Cordillera Oriental, above 4500 m, S Perú.			Eastern Puna Mouse
13000851	Phyllotis	Waterhouse 1837	GENUS					Phyllotis	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1837 p.27	Mus darwini Waterhouse, 1837.				Phyllotini. Pearson (1958) utilized Auliscomys, Graomys, and Loxodontomys as distinctive subgenera, whereas Hershkovitz (1962) placed all three, plus Paralomys, in complete synonymysee respective accounts for their reinstatement as genera. Full generic revisions initiated by Pearson (1958) and Hershkovitz (1962), followed by extensive refinement of species definitions and distributions as a result of multifaceted research over the past 25 yearssee especially Pearson (1972), Pearson and Patton (1976), Spotorno (1976), Spotorno and Walker (1983), Walker et al. (1984), and Steppan (1998). Steppan (1998) discussed alternative interpretations of interspecific relationships and patterns of historical biogeography within the genus.	
13000852	Phyllotis amicus	Thomas 1900	SPECIES			amicus		Phyllotis	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.5 p.355		maritimus  Thomas, 1900; montanus Thomas, 1900.	Coast and lower Pacific slopes of W Perú, Depts. Piura (see Lavrentchenko and Dmitriev, 1994) to Ayacucho.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Sister species of P. limatus according to phylogenetic analysis of abbreviated cytochrome b sequences (Spotorno et al., 2001). The basis for the reported presence of P. amicus in Argentina (Heinonen Fortabat and Chebez, 1997; Massoia and Donadío, 1990) has been reidentified as an example of Oligoryzomys chacoensis (Galliari et al., 1996).	Peruvian Pericote
13000853	Phyllotis andium	Thomas 1912	SPECIES			andium		Phyllotis	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.10 p.409		fruticicolus  Anthony, 1922; melanius Thomas, 1913; stenops Osgood, 1914; tamborum Osgood, 1914.	E and W Andean slopes from C Ecuador (Tungurahua) to C Perú (Lima).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Andean Pericote
13000854	Phyllotis bonariensis	Crespo 1964	SPECIES			bonariensis		Phyllotis	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Neotropica vol.10 p.99			EC Argentina; limits uncertain.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Described as a subspecies of P. darwini but considered distinct by Reig (1978) and Galliari et al. (1996); determination of status and distribution requires fresh investigation.	Bonaerense Pericote
13000855	Phyllotis caprinus	Pearson 1958	SPECIES			caprinus		Phyllotis	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Univ. California Publ. Zool. vol.56 p.435			Upper slopes of E Andes, about 2100-3750 m, from SC Bolivia to northernmost Argentina.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Demoted to a subspecies of P. darwini by Hershkovitz (1962), but distributional and morphological evidence substantiates the specific recognition of P. caprinus (Pearson, 1958).	Capricorn Pericote
13000856	Phyllotis darwini	Waterhouse 1837	SPECIES			darwini		Phyllotis	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1837 p.28		boedeckeri  (Philippi, 1900); campestris (Philippi, 1900); dichrous (Philippi, 1900); fulvescens Osgood, 1943; griseoflavus (Philippi, 1900); illapelinus (Philippi, 1900); megalotis (Philippi, 1900); melanotis (Philippi, 1900); melanonotus (Philippi and Landbeck, 1858); mollis (Philippi, 1900); platytarsus (Philippi, 1900); segethi (Philippi, 1900).	Coastal WC Chile.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Phyllotis darwini sensu stricto has been revealed as a geographically restricted species following a quarter-century of researches upon its polytypic predecessor, which was believed to range over much of the S Andes. See accounts of P. bonaeriensis, P. caprinus, P. definitus, P. limatus, P. magister, P. osgoodi, P. wolffsohni, and P. xanthopygus, all previously arrayed as subspecies of P. darwini by Pearson (1958) and/or Hershkovitz (1962), for references addressing their specific status.	Darwins Pericote
13000857	Phyllotis definitus	Osgood 1915	SPECIES			definitus		Phyllotis	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser. vol.10 p.189			Andes of Ancash, Perú.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Included in P. magister by Pearson (1958) and in P. darwini by Hershkovitz (1962) but distinctive karyotype is unlike either of those species (see Pearson, 1972).	Ancash Pericote
13000858	Phyllotis haggardi	Thomas 1908	SPECIES			haggardi		Phyllotis	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.2 p.270		elegantulus  Thomas, 1913; fuscus Anthony, 1924.	Andes of C Ecuador.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Ecuadoran Pericote
13802422	Myotis formosus subsp. weberi	Jentink 1890	SUBSPECIES		weberi	formosus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13000859	Phyllotis limatus	Thomas 1912	SPECIES			limatus		Phyllotis	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.10 p.407			Western coast and contiguous Pacific slopes of the Andes, sea level- 4000 m, from WC Perú to N Chile (see Steppan, 1998:Fig. 5).		Described as a subspecies of P. darwini by Thomas (1912) and therewith ranked by others (Cabrera, 1961; Hershkovitz, 1962; Pearson, 1958). Steppan (1998) defended the specific status of limatus, including populations confused under P. xanthopygus rupestris, based on congruent morphological and molecular data; he further noted appreciable differentiation between northern and southern populations of P. limatus but declined to recognize these formally as subspecies. Sister species of P. xanthopygus according to maximum parsimony analyses of cytochrome b sequences (Steppan, 1998), perhaps arising by peripheral isolation from a western lineage of P. xanthopygus rupestris (Kuch et al., 2002). Late Quaternary occurrence of the species in the S Atacama Desert, slightly to the south of its current range, documented by mitochondrial DNA recovered from ancient rodent midden (Kuch et al., 2002).	Lima Pericote
13500120	Lepus arcticus subsp. arcticus	Ross 1819	SUBSPECIES		arcticus	arcticus	Lepus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Voy. Discovery, II; ed. 2 vol.App. IV p.170						
13000861	Phyllotis osgoodi	Mann 1945	SPECIES			osgoodi		Phyllotis	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Biologica vol.2 p.81			Altiplano of NE Chile.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Relegated to synonymy under P. darwini (Hershkovitz, 1962; Pearson, 1958) but considerable evidence supports its validity as a species (Spotorno, 1976; Spotorno and Walker, 1979, 1983).	Osgoods Pericote
13000862	Phyllotis osilae	J. A. Allen 1901	SPECIES			osilae		Phyllotis	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.14 p.44		lutescens  Thomas, 1902; nogalaris Thomas, 1921; phaeus Osgood, 1944; tucumanus Thomas, 1912.	Upper Andean slopes on Atlantic drainage, from SC Perú (Cuzco), through W Bolivia (1700-4900 m), to N Argentina (Catamarca).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	All-acrocentric karyotype (2n = 68) interpreted as ancestral state of the genus (Pearson and Patton, 1976). In Bolivia, Anderson (1997) recognized osilae (lutescens as a full synonym) and phaeus as subspecies.	Bunchgrass Pericote
13000863	Phyllotis wolffsohni	Thomas 1902	SPECIES			wolffsohni		Phyllotis	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.9 p.131			Upper E Andean slopes in WC Bolivia, 1300-3875 m (see Anderson, 1997:Fig. 750).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Hershkovitz (1962) synonymized wolffsohni as a subspecies of P. darwini, a relationship at variance with morphological and karyotypic information (Pearson, 1958; Pearson and Patton, 1976).	Wolffsohns Pericote
13000864	Phyllotis xanthopygus	Waterhouse 1837	SPECIES			xanthopygus		Phyllotis	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1837 p.28		abrocodon  Thomas, 1926; arenarius Thomas, 1902; capito (Philippi, 1860); chilensis Mann, 1945; glirinus (Philippi, 1896); lanatus (Philippi, 1896); oreigenus Cabrera, 1926; posticalis Thomas, 1912; ricardulus Thomas, 1919; rupestris (Gervais, 1841); vaccarum Thomas, 1912; wolffhuegeli Mann, 1944.	WC Perú, in and along the Andes to Santa Cruz Prov., S Argentina, and adjacent Magallanes Prov., S Chile; latitudinal (15-51ºS) and altitudinal ranges (sea level-5600 m) exceptional as currently defined (see Kramer et al., 1999:Fig. 3, for extent of geographic races).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Viewed as a geographic race of P. darwini by Pearson (1958), Cabrera (1961), and Hershkovitz (1962). Morphometric, electrophoretic, karyotypic, and molecular differentiation supports the specific recognition of P. xanthopygus (Spotorno and Walker, 1983; Steppan, 1998; Walker et al., 1984); genetic diversity among and within isolated Patagonian demes examined by Kim et al. (1998), who postulated the early Pleistocene origin of haplotype lineages and highlighted the vicariant influence of the Río Chubut. Steppan (1998) noted the need for continued systematic examination of the populations now assigned to the highly variable xanthopygus: e.g., chilensis is sometimes treated as a species (Anderson, 1997); rupestris and vaccarum (Spotorno et al., 2001) appear distinct from xanthopygus in phylogenetic analysis of abbreviated cytochrome b sequences (Spotorno et al., 2001); xanthopygus paraphyletic with respect to ... [truncated]	Yellow-rumped Pericote
13000865	Podoxymys	Anthony 1929	GENUS					Podoxymys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.383 p.4	Podoxymys roraimae Anthony, 1929.				Akodontini. Systematics little known aside from original comparisons, report on gastric morphology by Carleton (1973), brief comments of Reig (1987), and new data on systematics and karyology (2n = 16) by Pérez-Zapata et al. (1992).	
13000866	Podoxymys roraimae	Anthony 1929	SPECIES			roraimae		Podoxymys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.383 p.4			Guyana and adjacent portions of Venezuela and Brazil (as per Fonseca et al., 1996). Probably occurs on other neighboring tepuis within Venezuela (Linares, 1998).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Known only by the original type series of 5 specimens and a single specimen reported by Pérez-Zapata et al. (1992).	Roraima Akodont
13400025	Cryptomys zechi	Matschie 1900	SPECIES			zechi		Cryptomys	Bathyergidae	Rodentia	Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr., Berlin p.146			EC Ghana, WC Togo.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Includedin ochraceocinereus by de Graaff (1975) but considered a distinct species based on characteristics of the infraorbital foramina by Honeycutt et al. (1991).	Togo Mole-rat
13000867	Pseudoryzomys	Hershkovitz 1962	GENUS					Pseudoryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Fieldiana Zool. vol.31 p.208	Oryzomys wavrini Thomas, 1921 (= Hesperomys simplex Winge, 1887).				Oryzomyini. Associated with phyllotines by Hershkovitz (1962) and viewed as the tribes most ancient clade by Braun (1993). However, excluded from Phyllotini by Olds and Anderson (1989), and oryzomyine characteristics illuminated by Voss and Myers (1991). Formally allocated to Oryzomyini as the tribal diagnosis was phylogenetically recast by Voss and Carleton (1993); the morphology of the glans penis also supports this tribal assignment (Langguth and Silva Neto, 1993) as do other morphological traits (Steppan, 1995). See Voss and Myers (1991:418) on the formal availability of the genus-group name.	
13000868	Pseudoryzomys simplex	Winge 1887	SPECIES			simplex		Pseudoryzomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	E Museo Lundii vol.1 3 p.11		wavrini  (Thomas, 1921); reigi Pine and Wetzel, 1975.	EC Bolivia, NE Argentina (Chaco, Formosa, Sante Fe; Pardiñas et al., in litt.), and W Paraguay, to E Brazil (Pernambuco).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Formerly classified as Oryzomys incertae sedis (Cabrera, 1961) until genus diagnosed by Hershkovitz (1962). Lectotype designated, synonymy presented, karyotype and distribution discussed by Voss and Myers (1991).	False Oryzomys
13000869	Punomys	Osgood 1943	GENUS					Punomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	J. Mammal. vol.24 p.369	Punomys lemminus Osgood, 1943.				Generic-level affinities uncertain (Osgood, 1943): left as Sigmodontinae incertae sedis by some (Hershkovitz, 1962; Reig, 1980, 1981, 1984; Smith and Patton, 1999; Steppan, 1995) or formally assigned to Tribe Phyllotini by others (Braun, 1993; McKenna and Bell, 1997; Olds and Anderson, 1989; Vorontsov, 1959). Pacheco and Patton (1995) provided a synopsis of distributional records, specific discrimination, and natural history.	
13000872	Reithrodon	Waterhouse 1837	GENUS					Reithrodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1837 p.29	Reithrodon typicus Waterhouse, 1837.	Proreithrodon  Ameghino, 1889; Ptyssophorus Ameghino, 1889; Tretomys Ameghino, 1889.			Reithrodontini. Classically arranged by Hershkovitz (1955a) with sigmodont rodents, but a compelling body of morphological evidence points to its general kinship with phyllotines (Braun, 1993; Olds and Anderson, 1989; Ortiz et al., 2000b; Pardiñas, 1997; Pardiñas and Galliari, 2001; Pearson and Patton, 1976; Steppan, 1993, 1995). In their rediagnosis of Phyllotini, Olds and Anderson (1989) had identified a morphologically well-defined complex that they designated the "Reithrodon Group," comprised of Euneomys, Neotomys, and Reithrodon. Such an assemblage, along with certain extinct genera, has consistently appeared in phylogenetic studies based on morphological characters (Ortiz et al., 2000b; Pardiñas, 1997; Steppan, 1993, 1995; Steppan and Sullivan, 2000). Cladistic interpretations of mitochondrial genes, however, dispute tribal alignment of Reithrodon with phyllotines, or with Sigmodon, and inconsistently represent its ph... [truncated]	
13000873	Reithrodon auritus	Fischer 1814	SPECIES			auritus		Reithrodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Zoognosia vol.3 p.71		auritus  (Desmarest, 1819); caurinus Thomas, 1920; cuniculoides Waterhouse, 1837; evae Thomas, 1927; flammarum Thomas, 1912; hatcheri J. A. Allen, 1903; marinus Thomas, 1920; obscurus J. A. Allen, 1903; pachycephalus (Philippi, 1900); pampanus Thomas, 1916; physodes (Illiger, 1815) [nomen nudum]; physodes (Olfers, 1818); spegazzinii (Ameghino, 1889).	Isolated records in the Pampean region, N and C Argentina; more or less continuously distributed over the Patagonian region, sea level-3000 m, from C Argentina and adjacent Chile through Tierra del Fuego (see Ortiz et al., 2000; Pardiñas and Galliari, 2001:Fig. 3).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	See the weighty Mammalian Species account (No. 664) of Pardiñas and Galliari (2001) for discrimination from R. typicus, remarks on the type locality, review of fossil synonyms and numerous paleontological occurrences (middle Pliocene-Holocene), and distribution of the four conventionally recognized subspecies (Cabrera, 1961), "whose boundaries are highly hypothetical." Pardiñas (1995) allocated the late Pleistocene Bothriomys spegazzinii, described by Ameghino (1889) from Argentinian sediments, as a synonym of R. auritus. Reports of the species from the Malvinas (= Falkland) Isls remain unconfirmed (see Pardiñas and Galliari, 2001). Also see account of R. typicus, formerly included as a subspecies.	Hairy-soled Conyrat
13000874	Reithrodon typicus	Waterhouse 1837	SPECIES			typicus		Reithrodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1837 p.30		currentium  Thomas, 1920.	EC Argentina (Entre Ríos and Corrientes), Uruguay, and extreme S Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul).		Although early maintained as distinct from R. auritus (Ellerman, 1941; Gyldenstolpe, 1932), Osgood (1943) placed typicus and all conyrats in a single species, and the genus thereafter was typically viewed as monotypic, whether as R. physodes Olfers, 1818 (Cabrera, 1961; Corbet and Hill, 1991; Hershkovitz, 1955a, 1959; Honacki et al., 1982) or R. auritus Fischer, 1814 (Musser and Carleton, 1993; Reig, 1978). Specific status reaffirmed by Ortells et al. (1988), who noted substantial differences in diploid and fundamental numbers between R. auritus proper (2n = 34) and typicus (2n = 28), as earlier reported by Freitas et al. (1983b, as auritus).	Naked-soled Conyrat
13400392	Abrocoma	Waterhouse 1837	GENUS					Abrocoma	Abrocomidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1837 p.30	Abrocoma bennettii Waterhouse, 1837.	Habrocoma  Wagner, 1842.				
13000875	Rhagomys	Thomas 1917	GENUS					Rhagomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.20 p.192	Hesperomys rufescens Thomas, 1886.				Generic affinities uncertain: originally allied with Oryzomys-Oecomys (Thomas, 1917c), or included among oryzomyine genera (Tate, 1932f), or listed as Sigmodontinae incertae sedis (McKenna and Bell, 1997; Reig, 1980, 1984; Smith and Patton, 1999). Taxonomic history reviewed and genus critically recharacterized by Luna and Patterson (2003), who considered the biogeographic implications of a new Rhagomys in SE Peru, far away from the Atlantic Forest region where its congenor and other oryzomyine-thomasomyine endemic genera are found.	
13000876	Rhagomys longilingua	Luna and Patterson 2003	SPECIES			longilingua		Rhagomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Fieldiana Zool., N.S. vol.101 p.3			Dense forest of E Andean slopes, 450-2100 m, SE Perú (Cusco and Madre de Dios Depts.).		Similar to R. rufescens in unique possession (among Sigmodontinae) of a hallux with nail and in most verifiable cranial traits, but fur of R. longilingua spiny and interorbit strongly beaded; so far known by only three specimens (Luna and Patterson, 2003).	Long-tongued Rhagomys
13000877	Rhagomys rufescens	Thomas 1886	SPECIES			rufescens		Rhagomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5 vol.17 p.250			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Only two specimens exist, one with the skull now missing. Morphology redescribed and skull of holotype illustrated by Luna and Patterson (2003).	Rufescent Rhagomys
13000878	Rheomys	Thomas 1906	GENUS					Rheomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.17 p.421	Rheomys underwoodi Thomas, 1906.	Neorheomys  Goodwin, 1959.			Ichthyomyini. All named forms suggested as conspecific under trichotis by Hershkovitz (1966c) but Voss (1988) recognized four species. Formerly included trichotis (Tate, 1932), a species later designated as the type of Chibchanomys (Voss, 1988). Neorheomys, diagnosed as a subgenus (Goodwin, 1959a), was placed in full synonymy by Voss (1988). Separation from Ichthyomys questioned by Ellerman (1941) and Hall (1981); relationships, generic stature, and Mesoamerican endemism illuminated by Voss (1988).	
13500121	Lepus arcticus subsp. bangsii	Rhoads 1896	SUBSPECIES		bangsii	arcticus	Lepus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13000879	Rheomys mexicanus	Goodwin 1959	SPECIES			mexicanus		Rheomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.1967 p.4			Oaxaca, México.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Type species of Goodwin's (1959a) Neorheomys. Viewed as closely related to R. underwoodi (Voss, 1988).	Mexican Ichthyomyine
13000880	Rheomys raptor	Goldman 1912	SPECIES			raptor		Rheomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Smithson. Misc. Coll. vol.60 p.7		hartmanni  Enders, 1939.	Isolated segments in highlands of C Costa Rica and W Panamá (hartmanni), and in E Panamá (raptor).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Treated as a subspecies of Rheomys trichotis (Cabrera, 1961), but species status affirmed by Voss (1988). Enders (1939) described hartmanni as a species; recognized as such (e.g., Hall, 1981) until Voss (1988) allocated the form to a subspecies of raptor. Status of the morphologically distinctive hartmanni, isolated in the Talamancan highlands, deserves reconsideration using other information sources.	Goldmans Ichthyomyine
13000881	Rheomys thomasi	Dickey 1928	SPECIES			thomasi		Rheomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.41 p.11		chiapensis  Hooper, 1947; stirtoni Dickey, 1928.	Highlands of S México (Chiapas), Guatemala, and El Salvador.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Of two named subspecies, Voss (1988) retained stirtoni as valid in addition to the nominate form.	Thomas Ichthyomyine
13000882	Rheomys underwoodi	Thomas 1906	SPECIES			underwoodi		Rheomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.17 p.422			Highlands of C Costa Rica and W Panamá.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Closely related to R. mexicanus (Voss, 1988).	Underwoods Ichthyomyine
13000883	Rhipidomys	Tschudi 1845	GENUS					Rhipidomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Untersuchungen uber die Fauna peruana (Therologie) p.183	Hesperomys leucodactylus Tschudi, 1845.				<p>Thomasomyini. Tribe (1996) explained why the genus-group name Rhipidomys is available from Tschudi (1845), not 1844 as conventionally cited (e.g., Cabrera, 1961; Ellerman, 1941). External and cranial morphology characterized and contrasted with superficially similar species of Oecomys by Tribe (1996), Patton et al. (2000), and Voss et al. (2001). Sister genus to the Chilomys Thomasomys clade based on phylogenetic evaluations of mitochondrial DNA sequences from 2-6 species surveyed (DElía et al., 2003; Smith and Patton, 1999). As noted by Tribe (1996), monophyly of the associated species within a single genus has yet to be convincingly demonstrated; relationships among the distinctive morphologies identifiable within the taxon may involve other thomasomyines and eventual rearrangement of generic boundaries. Tribe designated those morphologies as three formal "sections": Fulviventer (R. caucensis, R. fulviventer, R. ve... [truncated]	
13000884	Rhipidomys austrinus	Thomas 1921	SPECIES			austrinus		Rhipidomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.7 p.183		collinus  Thomas, 1925.	Lower E Andean slopes and foothills, about 350-1750 m, from La Paz Dept., WC Bolivia, south to Jujuy Prov., NW Argentina.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	R. leucodactylus section sensu Tribe (1996). Variously thought to intergrade with R. leucodactylus (e.g., Cabrera, 1961; Mares et al., 1989b) or with R. couesi (e.g., Anderson, 1997). Retained as species by Musser and Carleton (1993) and by Tribe (1996), who characterized its morphology and vouchered its geographic occurrence.	Southern Andean Rhipidomys
13500148	Lepus capensis subsp. arabicus	Ehrenberg 1833	SUBSPECIES		arabicus	capensis		Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha						This subspecies is from Arabia and the Near East.	
13000886	Rhipidomys couesi	J. A. Allen and Chapman 1893	SPECIES			couesi		Rhipidomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.5 p.214		cumananus  Thomas, 1900.	Moist lowland forest that follows an arc from Trinidad, through N and WC Venezuela, to C Colombia (Meta).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	R. leucodactylus section sensu Tribe (1996). Cabrera (1961) identified couesi as a subspecies of R. sclateri. As emphasized by its original describer Thomas (1887b), sclateri closely resembles Peruvian R. leucodactylus, and, in both Venezuela (see Handley, 1976) and Perú, R. couesi and R. leucodactylus are morphologically distinct.	Coues Rhipidomys
13000887	Rhipidomys emiliae	J. A. Allen 1916	SPECIES			emiliae		Rhipidomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.35 p.525			E Amazonia, principally in Pará and Mato Grosso east of the Rio Xingu and as far south as Serra do Roncador, C Brazil.		R. leucodactylus section sensu Tribe (1996). Described as a species of Oecomys, transferred to Rhipidomys by Goodwin (1953), and thereafter associated as a form of R. mastacalis (Cabrera, 1961; Musser and Carleton, 1993) until reinstated as a species by Tribe (1996). Distributional occurrence and morphological discrimination with respect to R. nitela to the west and R. macrurus to the east require amplification. Sympatry reported with R. nitela at Serra do Roncador (Tribe, 1996).	Eastern Amazon Rhipidomys
13000935	Thaptomys nigrita	Lichtenstein 1829	SPECIES			nigrita		Thaptomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Darst. Säugeth. vol.7 p.pl. 35, fig. 1		fuliginosus  (Wagner, 1845); henseli (Leche, 1896); orycter (Lund, 1841); subterraneus (Hensel, 1873).	SE Brazil (Bahia to Rio Grande do Sul), E Paraguay, and NE Argentina (Misiones).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Akodon nigrita.	Massoia (1963a) clarified the identity of subterraneus, the type of Thaptomys, as a synonym of the earlier named nigrita and amplified the distribution of the species.	Ebony Akodont
13500122	Lepus arcticus subsp. groenlandicus	Rhoads 1896	SUBSPECIES		groenlandicus	arcticus	Lepus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13000888	Rhipidomys fulviventer	Thomas 1896	SPECIES			fulviventer		Rhipidomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.18 p.304		elatturus  Osgood, 1914; similis J. A. Allen, 1912; tenuicauda (J. A. Allen, 1899).	Isolated populations in the Andes of SW and C Colombia, and W and NE Venezuela.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	R. fulviventer section sensu Tribe (1996). Listed as a subspecies of R. latimanus by Cabrera (1961) but clearly a species separate from the latimanus venezuelae complex in Venezuela (Handley, 1976; Tribe, 1996). Includes venustus as a subspecies according to Tribe (1996) but not Linares (1998). To us, the considerable variation among Venezuelan series (USNM) indicates the presence of at least two species: venustus proper in the Mérida Andes and fulviventer sensu lato in the coastal mountains (tenuicauda) and Páramo de Tamá (elatturus). Whether the latter two small forms are conspecific with fulviventer proper, as provisionally arranged here, invites further study using other information bases. The highly disjunct distribution of fulviventer, as conveyed by the listed synonyms, must in part reflect the need for additional field inventory. Equally plausible, revisionary investigation ... [truncated]	Tawny-bellied Rhipidomys
13000889	Rhipidomys gardneri	Patton, da Silva, and Malcolm 2000	SPECIES			gardneri		Rhipidomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.244 p.165			Westernmost Brazil (Acre) and lowlands of SE Perú, perhaps including the valley of the Río Ucayali.		R. leucodactylus section sensu Tribe (1996). Morphology and karyotype contrasted to R. leucodactylus by Patton et al. (2000).	Gardners Rhipidomys
13000890	Rhipidomys latimanus	Tomes 1860	SPECIES			latimanus		Rhipidomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1860 p.213		cocalensis  J. A. Allen, 1912; microtis Thomas, 1896; mollissimus J. A. Allen, 1912; pictor Thomas, 1904; quindianus J. A. Allen, 1913; scandens Goldman, 1913.	Mid-elevation Andean forests, about 450-2200 m, of C and W Colombia, C Ecuador, and extreme N Perú; allopatric populations in easternmost Panamá.	IUCN  Vulnerable as R. scandens, Lower Risk (lc) as R. latimanus.	<p>R. leucodactylus section sensu Tribe (1996). Includes scandens Goldman, previously recognized as a species (e.g., Handley, 1966a; Musser and Carleton, 1993) but which Tribe (1996) placed in full synonymy under R. l. latimanus. Cabrera (1961) also considered fulviventer and venustus as subspecies of R. latimanus, but these two forms are clearly distinct from the latimanus-venezuelae complex in northern South America (Handley, 1976; Tribe, 1996). Karyotype reported by Gardner and Patton (1976).</p><p>Handley (1976) suggested that Andean populations in E Colombia and N Venezuela, which he identified as R. venezuelae, may form the eastern component of R. latimanus, and Tribe (1996) formally arranged the former as a subspecies of the latter. Tribes morphometric analyses, however, disclose appreciable differentiation between the taxa; his results, and the biogeographic complexity documented for other groups distributed over these same Andean ranges, per... [truncated]	Broad-footed Rhipidomys
13000891	Rhipidomys leucodactylus	Tschudi 1845	SPECIES			leucodactylus		Rhipidomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Untersuchungen uber die Fauna peruana (Therologie) p.183		aratayae  Guillotin and Petter, 1984; bovallii Thomas, 1911; equatoris Thomas, 1915; goodfellowi Thomas, 1900; lucullus Thomas, 1911; rex Thomas, 1927; sclateri (Thomas, 1887).	Guianas, S Venezuela, N and C Brazil, Ecuador, Perú, and WC Bolivia (see Anderson, 1993); extralimital in W Ecuador and NW Perú.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	R. leucodactylus section sensu Tribe (1996). The homogeneity of junior epithets and populations gathered under R. leucodactylus, especially those west of the Andes, should be tested with other data and new collections. Thomas (1887b), e.g., named sclateri as a species from British Guiana and viewed it as the eastern counterpart of Peruvian R. leucodactylus; Guillotin and Petter (1984), however, described aratayae as a subspecies of R. leucodactylus from French Guiana; Voss et al. (2001) provisionally accepted both as examples of R. leucodactylus. Morphology and karyotype of W Brazil samples characterized by Patton et al. (2000), who compared the species with R. gardneri.	White-footed Rhipidomys
13001273	Chiromyscus	Thomas 1925	GENUS					Chiromyscus	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1925 p.503	Mus chiropus Thomas, 1891.				DacnomysDivision. Reviewed by Musser (1981b), who regarded Chiromyscus as morphologically closely related to Niviventer.	
13000892	Rhipidomys macconnelli	De Winton 1900	SPECIES			macconnelli		Rhipidomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol.8 p.52		subnubis  Tate, 1939.	Highlands of S Venezuela (Bolívar and Amazonas) and neighboring parts of N Brazil and W Guyana.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	R. macconnelli section sensu Tribe (1996). Sometimes misallocated as a species of Thomasomys (e.g., Gyldenstolpe, 1932) but see Hershkovitz (1959b). Tribe (1996:194) viewed macconnelli "as a possible basal offshoot of the genus."	Tepui Rhipidomys
13000893	Rhipidomys macrurus	Gervais 1855	SPECIES			macrurus		Rhipidomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Expédition dans les parties centrales de lAmerique dus Sud, Zoologie vol.Tome 1 p.111		cearanus  Thomas, 1910.	Gallery and semideciduous forests of the cerrado-caatinga biomes (Ceará southwestwards to E Mato Grosso and Minas Gerais), C Brazil.		R. leucodactylus section sensu Tribe (1996). Initially reassociated as a subspecies of R. venezuelae (Gyldenstolpe, 1932) and later of R. mastacalis (Cabrera, 1961; Musser and Carleton, 1993). Resurrected as a species by Tribe (1996), containing those populations with 2n = 44 and low fundamental numbers, 48-51 (Svartman and Almeida, 1993; Zanchin et al., 1992a). The high-FN specimens reported by Zanchin et al. (1992a) as the species cearanus were reidentified by Tribe (1996) as R. mastacalis.	Long-tailed Rhipidomys
13500123	Lepus arcticus subsp. monstrabilis	Nelson 1934	SUBSPECIES		monstrabilis	arcticus	Lepus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13000894	Rhipidomys mastacalis	Lund 1840	SPECIES			mastacalis		Rhipidomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	K. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Naturv. Math. Afhandl. p.24		leucodactylus  (Wagner, 1845) [not Tschudi, 1845]; maculipes (Pictet and Pictet, 1844).	Atlantic Forest region, SE Brazil (Pernambuco to São Paulo).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	R. leucodactylus section sensu Tribe (1996). Comprehending the definition and distribution of Lunds mastacalis stands at the center of systematic problems involving medium-sized rhipidomys with whitish venters. As broadly conceived by Cabrera (1961), the form contained, as subspecies or complete synonyms, the following taxa now associated with other species: R. emiliae, R. macrurus, R. nitela (including fervidus and yuruanus), tenuicauda (= R. fulviventer), and R. venezuelae (see individual accounts). The restricted concept of the species, as currently understood, circumscribes yet another form endemic to the Atlantic Forest zone, SE Brazil. Although the morphological distinction between R. macrurus and R. mastacalis is not well marked (Tribe, 1996), chromosomal studies consistently reveal populations with low (48-52) versus high (74-80) fu... [truncated]	Atlantic Forest Rhipidomys
13000895	Rhipidomys modicus	Thomas 1926	SPECIES			modicus		Rhipidomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.18 p.161			Middle elevations, 700-1800 m, of E Andean slopes, C Perú		R. leucodactylus section sensu Tribe (1996). Arranged as a subspecies of R. leucodactylus by Cabrera (1961) and as a subjective synonym of R. couesi by Musser and Carleton (1993). Specific status reasserted and diagnosis emended by Tribe (1996), who recorded its sympatry with examples of R. leucodactylus.	Peruvian Rhipidomys
13000896	Rhipidomys nitela	Thomas 1901	SPECIES			nitela		Rhipidomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.8 p.148		fervidus  Thomas, 1904; milleri J. A. Allen, 1913; yuruanus J. A. Allen, 1913.	Amazonian lowlands in S Venezuela, Guianas, and NC Brazil. The reports of the species in Bolivia (Anderson, 1997) and Colombia (Tribe, 1996) cannot be confirmed, and the species appears to be confined to Amazonia east of the Rios Negro-Madeira as so far documented (see Voss et al., 2001).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	R. leucodactylus section sensu Tribe (1996). Previously listed either as a race of R. venezuelae (Gyldenstolpe, 1932) or R. mastacalis (Cabrera, 1961), but distinct from true venezuelae in Venezuela (see Handley, 1976, who used the species name mastacalis) and from the mastacalis complex in EC Brazil (Tribe, 1996). Morphometric and chromosomal variation cautions that populations arranged as nitela represent a composite of two species (Tribe, 1996; Volobouev and Catzeflis, 2000); Andrades-Miranda et al. (2002a) considered the 2n = 48 and FN = 68 karyotype to represent R. nitela proper.	Guianan Rhipidomys
13000897	Rhipidomys ochrogaster	J. A. Allen 1901	SPECIES			ochrogaster		Rhipidomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.14 p.43			Known only from the type locality and vicinity, SE Perú.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	R. leucodactylus section sensu Tribe (1996). Retained as a species until judged the same as R. l. leucodactylus by Cabrera (1961). J. A. Allen (1901b), however, pointedly contrasted his new species with Peruvian R. leucodactylus; Musser and Carleton (1993) and Tribe (1996) retained it as species. Geographic range and closest specific relative uncertain.	Buff-bellied Rhipidomys
13000898	Rhipidomys venezuelae	Thomas 1896	SPECIES			venezuelae		Rhipidomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.18 p.303		tobagi  Goodwin, 1961.	Mountains of N and W Venezuela, including Trinidad and Tobago, and E Colombia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	R. leucodactylus section sensu Tribe (1996). This form may represent the E Andean complement of R. latimanus (see that account). The provisional association of R. nitela tobagi Goodwin, heretofore placed as a synonym of R. nitela (e.g., Musser and Carleton, 1993; Tribe, 1996), follows the observations of Voss et al. (2001).	Venezuelan Rhipidomys
13000899	Rhipidomys venustus	Thomas 1900	SPECIES			venustus		Rhipidomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.5 p.152			Isolated populations in mountains of W and N Venezuela.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	R. fulviventer section sensu Tribe (1996). Placed as a subspecies of R. latimanus by Cabrera (1961) but distinct from the latimanus-venezuelae complex in Venezuela (Handley, 1976; Tribe, 1996); or placed as a subspecies if R. fulviventer by Tribe (1996). See comments in that account.	Mérida Rhipidomys
13000900	Rhipidomys wetzeli	Gardner 1989	SPECIES			wetzeli		Rhipidomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	In Eisenberg, Advances in Neotropical Mammalogy p.417			Highlands in S Venezuela (Bolívar and Amazonas) and N Brazil (as per Fonseca et al., 1996).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	R. fulviventer section sensu Tribe (1996). A small species, contrasted to R. fulviventer by Gardner (1989) and morphometrically well differentiated from the fulviventer venustus complex (Tribe, 1996).	Wetzels Rhipidomys
13000901	Salinomys	Braun and Mares 1995	GENUS					Salinomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	J. Mammal. vol.76 p.505	Salinomys delicatus Braun and Mares, 1995.				Phyllotini. Sister taxon to the Andalgalomys Graomys clade according to phylogenetic interpretation of morphological traits (Braun and Mares, 1995) or only to Andalgalomys per cytochrome b data (Anderson and Yates, 2000). Also see remarks under Andalgalomys.	
13000902	Salinomys delicatus	Braun and Mares 1995	SPECIES			delicatus		Salinomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	J. Mammal. vol.76 p.514			Scrublands associated with salt flats, 380-412 m, WC Argentina (San Juan and San Luis).			Delicate Salinomys
13000903	Scapteromys	Waterhouse 1837	GENUS					Scapteromys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1837 p.20	Mus tumidus Waterhouse, 1837.				Akodontini. Hershkovitz (1966c) viewed Scapteromys as the cognate of Kunsia­, a close kinship supported by phylogenetic investigations of gene-sequence data, but not including Bibimys as third member of a scapteromyine tribe sensu Massoia (1979b, 1980a) (see DElía, 2003; DElía et al. 2003; Smith and Patton, 1999). Hershkovitz (1966c) removed tomentosus and fronto to Kunsia, and Massoia (1980a) transferred chacoensis and labiosus to Bibimys. Karyology summarized by Gardner and Patton (1976) and Brum-Zorilla et al. (1986). Fossil occurrences (late Pliocene through Holocene) documented by Reig (1994) and Pardiñas (1996, 1999). Generic revision required to consolidate the morphological basis for specific discrimination and to vouch geographic occurrences. Also see accounts of Bibimys and Kunsia.	
13000904	Scapteromys aquaticus	Thomas 1920	SPECIES			aquaticus		Scapteromys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.5 p.477			EC Argentina and E Paraguay.		Retained as a species (e.g., Cabrera, 1961; Gyldenstolpe, 1932) until Massoia and Fornes (1964) realigned aquaticus as a subspecies of S. tumidus, a reallocation commonly observed in later systematic works (Corbet and Hill, 1991; Hershkovitz, 1966c; Honacki et al., 1982; Musser and Carleton, 1993). Karyotypic differences consistently disclosed between aquaticus (2n = 32) and tumidus (2n = 24) have persuaded others to retain the two as distinct species (Brum et al., 1973; Brum-Zorilla et al., 1986; Gardner and Patton, 1976; Gentile de Fronza, 1970), and they are represented as genetically separable in phylogenetic studies of cytochrome b data (DElía et al., 2003, in press).	Argentine Swamp Rat
13000905	Scapteromys tumidus	Waterhouse 1837	SPECIES			tumidus		Scapteromys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1837 p.15			Southernmost Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) and Uruguay.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Distribution and morphological identity reviewed by Massoia and Fornes (1964) and Hershkovitz (1966c), including aquaticus. Review of museum specimens indicates that only a single species, S. tumidus, is present in Uruguay (González, 1994). Also see remarks under S. aquaticus.	Uruguay Swamp Rat
13000906	Scolomys	Anthony 1924	GENUS					Scolomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.139 p.1	Scolomys melanops Anthony, 1924.				Sigmodontinae incertae sedis. Listed in tribe Oryzomyini by Reig (1984), a tribal affinity supported by Voss and Carleton (1993) and Patton and da Silva (1995). Unlike other oryzomyines, however, specimens of Scolomys lack pectoral mammae (e.g., Gyldenstolpe, 1932; Patton and da Silva, 1995), and subsequent phyletic studies of mitochondrial DNA (cytochrome b) do not support close affinity with representatives of that tribe (DElía et al., 2003; Smith and Patton, 1999); discussion of these results and their bearing on tribal membership discussed by Gómez-Laverde et al. (2004). Defining generic traits emended and contrasted with those of Neacomys by Patton and da Silva (1995) and Patton et al. (2000). Distributional records, karyotypes, morphological variation, and natural history contained in the generic reviews of Patton and da Silva (1995) and Gómez-Laverde et al. (2004).	
13000907	Scolomys melanops	Anthony 1924	SPECIES			melanops		Scolomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.139 p.2			E Ecuador and NE Perú (Gómez-Laverde et al., 2004:Fig.1; Hice, 2001).	IUCN  Endangered.	Discrimination from S. ucayalensis amplified by Gómez-Laverde et al. (2004).	Short-nosed Scolomys
13000908	Scolomys ucayalensis	Pacheco 1991	SPECIES			ucayalensis		Scolomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Publ. Mus. Hist. Nat., Ser. A Zool., Univ. Nac. Mayor de San Marcos vol.37 p.1		juruaense  Patton and da Silva 1995.	S Colombia, NE Peru, and westernmost Brazil (Acre and Amazonas) (Gómez-Laverde et al., 2004:Fig. 1).	IUCN  Endangered.	Based on qualitative traits, morphometric analyses, and cytochrome b sequences, Gómez-Laverde et al. (2004) considered the recently described juruaense as insufficiently differentiated to warrant specific separation.	Long-nosed Scolomys
13000931	Thalpomys	Thomas 1916	GENUS					Thalpomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.18 p.339	Thalpomys lasiotis Thomas, 1916 (not Mus lasiotis of Lund, 1841).				Akodontini. Recognized as a genus, as initially diagnosed, by Gyldenstolpe (1932); reclassified as a subgenus of Akodon by Ellerman (1941) and so observed by Cabrera (1961), or considered a subjective synonym of Bolomys (Reig, 1987). See Hershkovitz (1990a) for availability of genus-group name, its differentiating characters from typical Akodon, and definition of included species.	
13000909	Sigmodon	Say and Ord 1825	GENUS					Sigmodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.4 2 p.352	Sigmodon hispidus Say and Ord, 1825.	Deilemys  Saussure, 1860; Lasiomys Burmeister, 1854; Sigmomys Thomas, 1901.			<p>Sigmodontini. Hershkovitz (1955a) arranged Sigmodon with Holochilus, Neotomys, and Reithrodon as the sigmodont group, but other evidence has eroded the tribal-level affinity of each to Sigmodon (see those generic accounts) and leaves the genus as the sole living tribal member. Cladistic isolation from other sigmodontine genera, typically as a basal lineage, affirmed in broad taxonomic surveys of phallic morphology (Hooper and Musser, 1964a) and mitochondrial genes (DElía et al., 2003; Engel et al., 1998; Smith and Patton, 1999). Ambiguous evidence for geographic origin, North versus South America, discussed by Voss (1992) and Peppers et al. (2002).</p><p>Sigmomys, type species Sigmodon alstoni, has been variously treated as a distinct genus (Ellerman, 1941; Gyldenstolpe, 1932; Handley, 1976), a subgenus of Sigmodon (Husson, 1978), or a full synonym (Cabrera, 1961; Hershkovitz, 1955a; Voss, 1992). Peppers e... [truncated]	
13000910	Sigmodon	Say and Ord 1825	SUBGENUS				Sigmodon	Sigmodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.4 2 p.352	Sigmodon hispidus Say and Ord, 1825.					
13000911	Sigmomys	Thomas 1901	SUBGENUS				Sigmomys	Sigmodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia							
13000912	Sigmodon alleni	Bailey 1902	SPECIES			alleni	Sigmodon	Sigmodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.15 p.112		guerrerensis  Nelson and Goldman, 1933; macdougalli Goodwin, 1955; macrodon Goodwin, 1955; vulcani J. A. Allen, 1906.	W México, from S Sinaloa to S Oaxaca.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Sigmodon, S. hispidus species group. Sister species to S. hirsutus according to phylogenetic interpretation of cytochrome b data (Peppers and Bradley, 2000). The forms guerrerensis and vulcani appear to be proper synonyms of S. alleni, but the status of the Oaxacan populations described as macdougalli and macrodon deserves renewed study and confirmation. Formerly included planifrons according to Bakers (1969) revision, here regarded as a species. See Shump and Baker (1978, Mammalian Species, 95).	Allens Cotton Rat
13000913	Sigmodon alstoni	Thomas 1880 "1881"	SPECIES			alstoni	Sigmomys	Sigmodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1880 p.691		savannarum  (Thomas, 1901); venester (Thomas, 1914).	Intermittently distributed in savannas over NE Colombia, N and E Venezuela, Guyana, Surinam, and N Brazil (regional aspects of range amplified by Husson, 1978; Linares, 1998; and Voss, 1992).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Sigmomys. Suspected to be "individuals of South American representatives of S. hispidus with grooved incisors" (Hershkovitz, 1955a:647), but distantly related to other species of Sigmodon according to phylogenetic interpretation of cytochrome b sequences (Peppers and Bradley, 2000; Peppers et al., 2002). Voss (1992) discerned no morphological or morphometric foundation for delineating subspecies, but Linares (1998) recognized savannarum and venester, along with the nominate form, as races for Venezuelan populations.	Alstons Cotton Rat
13000914	Sigmodon arizonae	Mearns 1890	SPECIES			arizonae	Sigmodon	Sigmodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.2 p.287		cienegae  A. B. Howell, 1919; jacksoni Goldman, 1918; major Bailey, 1902; plenus Goldman, 1928.	Extreme SE California, SC Arizona, and extreme SW New Mexico, USA; south along coastal plain and adjoining foothills, sea level-1900 m, in W México to S Nayarit.	IUCN  Extinct as S. a. arizonae, Lower Risk (nt) as S. a. plenus, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Sigmodon, S. hispidus species group. Zimmerman (1970) recognized the chromosomal and morphological differences that support the specific separation of S. arizonae from S. hispidus, under which it had been arranged as a subspecies (Bailey, 1902; Mearns, 1890). Distribution and differentiating traits amplified by Severinghaus and Hoffmeister (1978), Elder and Lee (1985), Hoffmeister (1986), Carleton et al. (1999), and Frey et al. (2002). Association of jacksoni, known only by the type specimen, as a junior synonym has been questioned (Carleton et al., 1999; Hoffmeister, 1986). Hall (1981) retained all named forms as subspecies, a classificatory formality unwarranted without fresh studies of populational variation across the species range. Probable sister species of S. mascotensis according to a variety of data (Carleton et al., 1999; Elder, 1980; Peppers and Bradley, 2000; Peppers et al., 2002; Zimmerman, 197... [truncated]	Arizona Cotton Rat
13000915	Sigmodon fulviventer	J. A. Allen 1889	SPECIES			fulviventer	Sigmodon	Sigmodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.2 p.180		dalquesti  Stangl, Jr., 1992; goldmani Bailey, 1913; melanotis Bailey, 1902; minimus Mearns, 1894; woodi M. C. Gardner, 1948.	SE Arizona, WC New Mexico, and SW Texas (see Stangl, 1992), USA, south through interior México to Guanajuato and NW Michoacán.	IUCN  Extinct as S. f. goldmani, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Sigmodon, S. fulviventer species group. Sister species to S. leucotis according to phylogenetic interpretation of cytochrome b data (Peppers and Bradley, 2000; Peppers et al., 2002). See Baker and Shump (1978, Mammalian Species, 94).	Tawny-bellied Cotton Rat
13000922	Sigmodon peruanus	J. A. Allen 1897	SPECIES			peruanus	Sigmodon	Sigmodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.9 p.118		chonensis  J. A. Allen, 1913; lonnbergi Thomas, 1921; puna J. A. Allen, 1903; simonsi J. A. Allen, 1901.	Pacific coastal plain and contiguous Andean foothills of W Ecuador and NW Perú.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Sigmodon, S. fulviventer species group. Lumped under S. hispidus by Cabrera (1961) following the footnoted opinion of Hershkovitz (1955a); reinstated as a species by Voss (1992) and morphologically contrasted to that species and other South American taxa. The provocative molecular results presented by Peppers et al. (2002) phyletically link this South American endemic with Middle American S. fulviventer and S. leucotis.	Peruvian Cotton Rat
13000916	Sigmodon hirsutus	Burmeister 1854	SPECIES			hirsutus	Sigmodon	Sigmodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Abhandlungen Naturforschender Gesellschaft Halle, Sitzungberichte vol.2 p.16		austerulus  Bangs, 1902; bogotensis J. A. Allen, 1897; borucae J. A. Allen 1897; chiriquensis J. A. Allen, 1904; griseus J. A. Allen, 1908; sanctaemartae Bangs, 1898.	Nicaragua to C Panamá, Central America; in South America to N Colombia and N Venezuela (see Linares, 1998:Fig. 171); northern limits uncertain.		Subgenus Sigmodon, S. hispidus species group. Central and South American taxa included as subspecies of S. hispidus (Cabrera, 1961; Hall and Kelson, 1959), observing the polytypic species template handed down from Bailey (1902). Genetic separation, inferred from cytochrome b sequence data, of southern populations revealed by Peppers and Bradley (2000), who reinstated hirsutus as species; sister species to S. alleni based on those data (and Peppers et al., 2002). Among the species-group synonyms, the South American taxa bogotenis and sanctaemartae, which have yet to be surveyed genetically, warrant additional attention; Gyldenstolpe (1932) and Ellerman (1941) listed both as species.	Southern Cotton Rat
13300010	Massoutiera mzabi	Lataste 1881	SPECIES			mzabi		Massoutiera	Ctenodactylidae	Rodentia	Bull. Soc. Zool. de France vol.6 p.314		harterti  Thomas, 1913; rothschildi Thomas and Hinton, 1921.	SE Algeria, SW Libya, NE Mali, N Niger, N Chad.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Mzab Gundi
13000917	Sigmodon hispidus	Say and Ord 1825	SPECIES			hispidus	Sigmodon	Sigmodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.42 p.354		alfredi  Goldman and M. C. Gardner, 1947; berlandieri Baird, 1855; confinis Goldman, 1918; eremicus Mearns, 1897; exsputus G. M. Allen, 1920; floridanus A. H. Howell, 1943; insulicola A. H. Howell, 1943; komareki M. C. Gardner, 1948; littoralis Chapman, 1889; pallidus Mearns, 1897; solus Hall, 1951; spadicipygus Bangs, 1898; texianus (Audubon and Bachman, 1853); virginianus M. C. Gardner, 1946.	SE USA, from S Nebraska to C Virginia and south to SE Arizona and peninsular Florida; NW Chihuahua to N Tamaulipas, south through interior México at least to C Zacatecas and W San Luis Potosí (southern limits with respect to S. mascotensis and S. toltecus need reverification).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt) as S. h. eremicus and S. h. insulicola, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	<p>Subgenus Sigmodon, S. hispidus species group. The morphological limits of hispidus, as set forth by Bailey (1902) and expanded by others (Cabrera, 1961; Hall, 1981; Hall and Kelson, 1959; Miller, 1924), were first uncovered as composite by Zimmerman (1970), an insight supported and extended by others (Carleton et al., 1999; Peppers and Bradley, 2000; Severinghaus and Hoffmeister, 1978; Voss, 1992). The much reified definition of S. hispidus corresponds to a species restricted to open landscapes in the SC and SE USA and NC México (see Carleton et al., 1999; Peppers and Bradley, 2000). See comments under S. arizonae, S. hirsutus, S. inopinatus, S. mascotensis, S. peruanus, S. toltecus, and S. zanjonensis, forms formerly ranked as subspecies.</p><p>Given the substantial reconstitution of S. hispidus, conventional recognition of subspecies (e.g., Ha... [truncated]	Hispid Cotton Rat
13000918	Sigmodon inopinatus	Anthony 1924	SPECIES			inopinatus	Sigmodon	Sigmodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.114 p.3			Known only from high Andes in Azuay and Chimborazo provinces, Ecuador.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Sigmodon (S. fulviventer species group?). Lumped under S. hispidus by Cabrera (1961), following the footnoted opinion of Hershkovitz (1955a), but distinctive morphology reasserted and species reinstated by Voss (1992).	Ecuadorian Cotton Rat
13000919	Sigmodon leucotis	Bailey 1902	SPECIES			leucotis	Sigmodon	Sigmodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.15 p.115		alticola  Bailey, 1902; amoles Bailey, 1902.	Interior México, from SW Chihuahua and S Nuevo Leon to C Oaxaca.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Sigmodon, S. fulviventer species group. See Shump and Baker (1978, Mammalian Species, 96).	White-eared Cotton Rat
13000920	Sigmodon mascotensis	J. A. Allen 1897	SPECIES			mascotensis	Sigmodon	Sigmodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.9 p.54		atratus  Hall, 1949; colimae J. A. Allen, 1897; inexoratus Elliot, 1903; ischyrus Goodwin, 1956; obvelatus Russell, 1952; tonalensis Bailey, 1902.	W México, from S Nayarit and SW Zacatecas southwards to extreme SW Chiapas; along interior arid basins as far east as W Hidalgo, W Puebla, and NW Oaxaca (see Carleton et al., 1999:Fig. 16).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Sigmodon, S. hispidus species group. Zimmerman (1970) removed from mascotensis from S. hispidus and reinstated it as species, a change supported by Severinghaus and Hoffmeister (1978) and Elder and Lee (1985). Revised by Carleton et al. (1999), who elaborated upon its morphological separation from S. arizonae (see above account) and S. hispidus and identified other junior synonyms mistakingly allocated to S. hispidus; see those authors for remarks on broad patterns of intraspecific variation, which do not concord with conventional subspecies boundaries (e.g., Hall, 1981).	West Mexican Cotton Rat
13000921	Sigmodon ochrognathus	Bailey 1902	SPECIES			ochrognathus	Sigmodon	Sigmodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.15 p.115		baileyi  J. A. Allen, 1903; madrensis Goldman and M. C. Gardner, 1947; montanus Benson, 1940.	SE Arizona, extreme SW New Mexico, and Transpecos, Texas, USA, south to C Durango, México; northern outlier population may persist in Guadalupe Mtns, Transpecos, Texas (see Stangl and Dalquest, 1991).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Sigmodon, S. hispidus species group. Basal clade within the S. hispidus assemblage according to phylogenetic interpretations of cytochrome b data (Peppers et al., 2002), not with S. fulviventer and kin (Baker, 1969). Findley and Jones (1960) detected no consistent pattern of size and pelage color variation to justify recognition of subspecies, a conclusion sustained by the low genetic distances recorded among populations (Carroll et al., 2002). See Baker and Shump (1978, Mammalian Species, 97).	Yellow-nosed Cotton Rat
13000932	Thalpomys cerradensis	Hershkovitz 1990	SPECIES			cerradensis		Thalpomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	J. Nat. Hist. vol.24 p.777			Cerrado of C Brazil.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Cerrado Akodont
13500149	Lepus capensis subsp. schlumbergeri	Remy-St. Loup 1894	SUBSPECIES		schlumbergeri	capensis		Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha						Part of a group of subspecies from Northwest Africa (Mahgreb).	
13000923	Sigmodon planifrons	Nelson and Goldman 1933	SPECIES			planifrons	Sigmodon	Sigmodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.46 p.197		minor  Goodwin, 1955; setzeri Goodwin, 1959 [replacement name for minor].	As so far known, limited to Sierra de Miahuatlán, S Oaxaca, México.		Subgenus Sigmodon (S. hispidus species group?). Described as a species but relegated to a subspecies of S. alleni by Baker (1969). As noted by Nelson and Goldman (1933b), the diminutive size exhibited by the type series, as well as the material and sympatry later reported by Goodwin (1955b, 1969), suggests that the form is distinct from S. alleni; renewed study of the Oaxacan taxa named by Goodwin (1955b) will prove critical to much-needed revision of the S. alleni complex (see discussion in Carleton et al., 1999).	Miahuatlán Cotton Rat
13400470	Lonchothrix	Thomas 1920	GENUS					Lonchothrix	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.6 p.113	Lonchothrix emiliae Thomas, 1920.					
13000924	Sigmodon toltecus	Saussure 1860	SPECIES			toltecus	Sigmodon	Sigmodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Rev. Mag. Zool. Paris, Ser. 2 vol.12 p.98		fervidus  Lydekker, 1904 [lapsus for furvus]; furvus Bangs, 1903; microdon Bailey, 1902; saturatus Bailey, 1902.	Foothills and lowlands of E México, across the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, into the Yucatán Peninsula and N Guatemala; range limits require vouchered documentation.		Subgenus Sigmodon, S. hispidus species group. Ranked as a subspecies of a broadly defined S. hispidus by Bailey (1902) and so classified thereafter (Hall and Kelson, 1959; Hall, 1981). Specific rank defended based on mitochrondrial DNA evaluations that disclose strong genetic divergence and cladistic separation from S. hispidus proper (Peppers and Bradley, 2000). Molecular studies have so far sampled toltecus and furvus; other species-group synonyms provisionally observe Carletons et al. (1999) narrative outline of the toltecus complex; their synonymy needs confirmation. Sister species to the S. alleni S. hirsutus clade according to phylogenetic interpretation of cytochrome b data (Peppers and Bradley, 2000; Peppers et al., 2002).	Toltec Cotton Rat
13000925	Sigmodon zanjonensis	Goodwin 1932	SPECIES			zanjonensis	Sigmodon	Sigmodon	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.528 p.1		villae  Goodwin, 1958.	Highlands of Chiapas, México, and Guatemala.		Subgenus Sigmodon (S. hispidus species group?). Described as species, but soon afterwards relegated to subspecies by Goodwin (1934) and thereafter maintained (Hall and Kelson, 1959; Hall, 1981). With dismantling of the polyphyletic mishmash of hispidus, the status and relationship of these highland Central American taxa remain uncertain, as noted by Carleton et al. (1999). The geographic and altitudinal ranges as illustrated in conventional maps (e.g., Hall, 1981) are improbably broad and likely include lowland populations referrable to S. toltecus and possibly S. hirsutus; limits require critical analysis and vouchered documentation. In certain cranial and pelage traits, examples of S. zanjonensis resemble S. alleni; such impressions require empirical testing.	Montane Cotton Rat
13000926	Sigmodontomys	J. A. Allen 1897	GENUS					Sigmodontomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.9 p.38	Sigmodontomys alfari J. A. Allen, 1897.				Oryzomyini. Named as a genus but later viewed as a synonym of Nectomys (Ellerman, 1941; Gyldenstolpe, 1932), usually ranked as subgenus (Hershkovitz, 1944). Hershkovitz (1944:71) stressed the weakness of their association: "The apparent relationship of Sigmodontomys to Nectomys ... is probably attributable to an independant development  from the common oryzomyine stock rather than to a divergence from a  more recent Nectomys-like stock," an assessment later corroborated by other data (Gardner and Patton, 1976; Hooper and Musser, 1964a). Gardner and Patton (1976) formally transferred Sigmodontomys to a subgenus of Oryzomys, and we continue to list it as genus, while urging the need to refine its specific contents and their relationships to Oryzomys proper. Cadena et al. (1998) reported a specimen as Sigmodontomys species indeterminate from the Chocó, SW Colombia.	
13000927	Sigmodontomys alfari	J. A. Allen 1897	SPECIES			alfari		Sigmodontomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.9 p.39		barbacoas  (J. A. Allen, 1916); efficax Goldman, 1913; esmeraldarum Thomas, 1901; ochraceus (J. A. Allen, 1908); ochrinus (Thomas, 1921); russulus (Thomas, 1897).	Lowland forest from E Honduras to Panamá; C and W Colombia to NW Venezuela and NW Ecuador (see Musser et al., 1998:Fig. 51).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Karyotype reported by Gardner and Patton (1976). Musser et al. (1998) summarized locality records and compared them with other oryzomyines having trans-Andean distributions.	Short-tailed Sigmodontomys
13000928	Sigmodontomys aphrastus	Harris 1932	SPECIES			aphrastus		Sigmodontomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan vol.248 p.5			Known only from the type locality, Chiriqui Prov. in W Panamá, and Pichincha Prov. in NC Ecuador (Voss, 1988:423).	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Usually listed as a species of Oryzomys of uncertain relationship (Hall, 1981). Assignment to Sigmodontomys tentative following the observations of Ray (1962). Distribution meagerly documented, known by only four specimens.	Long-tailed Sigmodontomys
13000929	Tapecomys	Anderson and Yates 2000	GENUS					Tapecomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	J. Mammal. vol.81 p.21	Tapecomys primus Anderson and Yates, 2000.				Phyllotini. A large phyllotine, as big as Andinomys edax, but morphologically, chromosomally, and genetically well differentiated from that species. Conflicting views of relationships and validity of generic status obtained in phylogenetic analysessister genus to the Andalgalomys Salinomys clade according to parsimony analyses based on cytochrome b sequences (Anderson and Yates, 2000; DElía et al., 2003), or a species of Graomys (including Andalgalomys) as suggested by consensus trees based on morphological characters (Steppan, 1993; Steppan and Sullivan, 2000). Also see remarks under Andalgalomys.	
13000930	Tapecomys primus	Anderson and Yates 2000	SPECIES			primus		Tapecomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	J. Mammal. vol.81 p.21			So far known only from the type locality, SE Bolivia.			Primordial Tapecua
13000934	Thaptomys	Thomas 1916	GENUS					Thaptomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.18 p.339	Hesperomys subterraneus Hensel, 1873 (= Mus nigrita Lichtenstein, 1829).				Akodontini. Following its description as an akodontine genus, the taxon has been usually retained as a subgenus of Akodon (Cabrera, 1961; Ellerman, 1941; Massoia, 1963a) or even a full synonym of the nominate subgenus (Reig, 1987). Recently, Hershkovitz (1990a, 1998) has reasserted the singular morphological traits of the taxon as "definitely nonAkodon" and concurred with Thomas (1916c) generic segregation. Cladistic interpretations of cytochrome b sequences portray nigrita as genetically highly divergent from Akodon proper, either as sister group to that genus (Smith and Patton, 1999), to Necromys (DElía et al., 2003), or to the clade Necromys Thalpomys (DElía, 2003).	
13000936	Thomasomys	Coues 1884	GENUS					Thomasomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Am. Nat. vol.18 p.1275	Hesperomys cinereus Thomas, 1882.	Erioryzomys  Bangs, 1900; Inomys Thomas, 1917.			Thomasomyini. A speciose and taxonomically complex genus whose nomenclatural history is intertwined with Aepeomys, Delomys, and Wilfredomys, taxa that have been used as subgenera (e.g., Ellerman, 1941; Cabrera, 1961) or as genera (see their accounts). Comparative anatomical studies involving some Thomasomys include Carleton (1973), Hooper and Musser (1964a), and Voss and Linzey (1981); chromosomal numbers of several species published by Gardner and Patton (1976), Gómez-Laverde et al. (1997), and Aguilera et al. (2000). Based on 6-7 species surveyed, sister genus to Chilomys according to phylogenetic interpretations of mitochondrial DNA sequences (DElía et al., 2003; Smith and Patton, 1999). Revisionary studies required to critically overhaul species taxonomy and to place ranking of genus-group taxa in a phylogenetic context. Lacking a current revisionary standard, species recognized here basically follow Cabrera (1961), supplemented by our own... [truncated]	
13000937	Thomasomys apeco	Leo L. and Gardner 1993	SPECIES			apeco		Thomasomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.106 p.417			Known only from the type locality and vicinity, in upper montane forest, 3250-3380 m, NC Perú.		The largest living thomasomyine as so far known; differentially compared with T. aureus and Megaoryzomys curioi, an extinct Pleistocene form from the Galapagos Isls.	Apeco Thomasomys
13000938	Thomasomys aureus	Tomes 1860	SPECIES			aureus		Thomasomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1860 p.219		altorum  J. A. Allen, 1914; princeps (Thomas, 1895).	Andean forests, about 2400-4000 m, from far W Venezuela (see Linares, 1998:Fig. 152) and E Colombia, through Ecuador and Peru, to WC Bolivia (see Anderson, 1997:Fig. 702); vouchered documentation of range needed.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Highly differentiated morphologically from other species of Thomasomys (see Carleton, 1973; Hooper and Musser, 1964a; Voss and Linzey, 1981). Karyotype reported by Gardner and Patton (1976). Based on the Thomasomys material in the BMNH, Ellerman (1941) had recognized an aureus group, consisting of large species and also including nicefori, popayanus, and praetor; and Cabrera (1961) later consolidated most of these as subspecies within a highly variable T. aureus. The indiscriminate lumping prompted Gardner and Romo R. (1993) to refer to the populations as the "T. aureus complex," which they suspected to consist of three or more valid species. Voss (2003) provided essential traits for separating T. aureus proper from T. popaynus and T. praetor (see those accounts).	Golden Thomasomys
13000939	Thomasomys baeops	Thomas 1899	SPECIES			baeops		Thomasomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.3 p.152			W Andes of Ecuador.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Short-faced Thomasomys
13000940	Thomasomys bombycinus	Anthony 1925	SPECIES			bombycinus		Thomasomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.178 p.1			Cordillera Occidental of Colombia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Silky Thomasomys
13000941	Thomasomys caudivarius	Anthony 1923	SPECIES			caudivarius		Thomasomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.55 p.4			Andes of C and S Ecuador (Bolivar and El Oro Provs. as per Luna and Pacheco, 2002).		Described as a species and considered a large member of the "cinereus group" by Anthony (1923); relegated to a subspecies of T. cinereus by Cabrera (1961). Tirira (1999) check-listed caudivarius as a valid species, a status reaffirmed by Luna and Pacheco (2002).	White-tipped Thomasomys
13000942	Thomasomys cinereiventer	J. A. Allen 1912	SPECIES			cinereiventer		Thomasomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.31 p.80		contradictus  Anthony, 1925; dispar Anthony, 1925.	Upper Andean elevations in Colombia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Formerly included erro as a subspecies (Cabrera, 1961); see below.	Ashy-bellied Thomasomys
13000943	Thomasomys cinereus	Thomas 1882	SPECIES			cinereus		Thomasomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1882 p.108			N Perú.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Formerly included caudivarius as subspecies according to Cabrera (1961).	Olive-gray Thomasomys
13000944	Thomasomys cinnameus	Anthony 1924	SPECIES			cinnameus		Thomasomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.139 p.5			Cordillera Oriental, ca. 2400-3800 m, NC Ecuador (Tungurahua and Napo Provs.).		A small form described as a species by Anthony (1924), later treated as a synonym of T. gracilis (Cabrera, 1961; Musser and Carleton, 1993), but resurrected by Voss (2003), who amplified its unique traits as compared with T. gracilis and T. hudsoni.	Cinnamon-colored Thomasomys
13000945	Thomasomys daphne	Thomas 1917	SPECIES			daphne		Thomasomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Smithson. Misc. Coll. vol.68 4 p.2		australis  Anthony, 1925.	E Andean slopes from S Perú to WC Bolivia (see Anderson, 1997:Fig. 703).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Anderson (1997) maintained australis as the subspecies for Bolivian populations.	Daphnes Thomasomys
13000946	Thomasomys eleusis	Thomas 1926	SPECIES			eleusis		Thomasomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.17 p.614			NC Perú.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Peruvian Thomasomys
13500141	Lepus capensis subsp. aquilo	Thomas and Wroughton 1907	SUBSPECIES		aquilo	capensis		Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha						Part of a group of subspecies from South Africa.	
13000947	Thomasomys erro	Anthony 1926	SPECIES			erro		Thomasomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.240 p.3			Cordillera Oriental, 2400-3600 m, NC Ecuador.		Anthony (1926) considered T. erro to be a highly distinctive species that was possibly derived from T. cinereiventer; Cabrera (1961) formalized the latter opinion as the trinomial T. cinereiventer erro, a synonymy followed by Musser and Carleton (1993) but not Tirira (1999). New records of T. erro reported by Voss (2003), who enumerated morphological traits that clearly discriminate the two forms as species.	Wandering Thomasomys
13000948	Thomasomys gracilis	Thomas 1917	SPECIES			gracilis		Thomasomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Smithson. Misc. Coll. vol.68 4 p.2			Andes of SE Perú, about 2750-4300 m.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Formerly included cinnameus and hudsoni as subspecies or referred synonyms (Cabrera, 1961; Musser and Carleton, 1993, respectively), forms reinstated to species by Voss (2003).	Gracile Thomasomys
13000949	Thomasomys hudsoni	Anthony 1923	SPECIES			hudsoni		Thomasomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.55 p.3			Known only from the type locality, S Ecuador.		Considered a subspecies of T. gracilis by Cabrera (1961); differentiating features contrasted with T. cinnameus and T. gracilis and returned to species rank by Voss (2003); known only by the holotype.	Hudsons Thomaomys
13000950	Thomasomys hylophilus	Osgood 1912	SPECIES			hylophilus		Thomasomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser. vol.10 5 p.50			Cordillera Oriental, E Colombia, and Cordillera de Mérida, W Venezuela (see Linares, 1998:Fig. 150).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Woodland Thomasomys
13000951	Thomasomys incanus	Thomas 1894	SPECIES			incanus		Thomasomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.14 p.350		fraternus  Thomas, 1927.	Andes of C Perú.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Type species of Inomys.	Black-eared Thomasomys
13000952	Thomasomys ischyrus	Osgood 1914	SPECIES			ischyrus		Thomasomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser. vol.10 12 p.162			N to C Perú.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Long-tailed Thomasomys
13000953	Thomasomys kalinowskii	Thomas 1894	SPECIES			kalinowskii		Thomasomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.14 p.349			Andes of C Perú.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Chromosomal formula reported by Gardner and Patton (1976).	Kalinowskis Thomasomys
13000954	Thomasomys ladewi	Anthony 1926	SPECIES			ladewi		Thomasomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.239 p.1			Known only from a restricted region in La Paz Dept., Andes of NW Bolivia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Ladews Thomasomys
13000955	Thomasomys laniger	Thomas 1895	SPECIES			laniger		Thomasomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.16 p.59		emeritus  Thomas, 1916.	Andes of C Colombia and adjacent W Venezuela (see Linares, 1998:Fig. 149).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Chromosomal, mensural, and ecological discrimination from T. niveipes in Colombia presented by Gómez-Laverde et al. (1997); karyotypic formula for Venezuelan populations reported by Aguilera et al. (2000).	Soft-furred Thomasomys
13000956	Thomasomys macrotis	Gardner and Romo R. 1993	SPECIES			macrotis		Thomasomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.106 p.762			Known only from the Pampa del Cuy Valley, in upper montane elfin forest, 3250-3380 m, NC Perú.		A big-eared and relatively short-tailed thomasomyine, somewhat larger than T. aureus but craniodentally more similar to T. ischyrus and kin.	Large-eared Thomasomys
13000957	Thomasomys monochromos	Bangs 1900	SPECIES			monochromos		Thomasomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. New England Zool. Club vol.1 p.97			Extreme NE Colombia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Included as a subspecies of T. laniger by Cabrera (1961); karyotype reported by Gardner and Patton (1976) as a species without comment.	Unicolored Thomasomys
13802544	Myotis siligorensis subsp. alticraniatus	Osgood 1932	SUBSPECIES		alticraniatus	siligorensis		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13000958	Thomasomys niveipes	Thomas 1896	SPECIES			niveipes		Thomasomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.18 p.305			Depts. Boyacá and Cundinamarca, above 2900 m, C Colombia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Included as a subspecies of T. laniger by Cabrera (1961) but returned to species status by Musser and Carleton (1993) based on their own specimen comparisons. Sympatry with and chromosomal (2n = 24, FN = 42), mensural, and ecological discrimination from T. laniger (2n = 40, FN = 40) documented by Gómez-Laverde et al. (1997), who provided additional information on the location and habitat of the type locality.	White-footed Thomasomys
13000959	Thomasomys notatus	Thomas 1917	SPECIES			notatus		Thomasomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Smithson. Misc. Coll. vol.68 4 p.2			SE Perú.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Standard karyotype (2n = 44, FN = 44) reported by Gardner and Patton (1976).	Dusky-footed Thomasomys
13400023	Cryptomys ochraceocinereus subsp. ochraceocinereus	Heuglin 1864	SUBSPECIES		ochraceocinereus	ochraceocinereus		Cryptomys	Bathyergidae	Rodentia	Nouv. Acta Acad. Caes. Leop. Dresden vol.31 p.3						
13000960	Thomasomys onkiro	Luna and Pacheco 2002	SPECIES			onkiro		Thomasomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	J. Mammal. vol.83 p.835			Known only from elfin forest at the type locality, S Peru.		A medium-sized species differentially compared with T. caudivarius and T. silvestris and morphologically most similar to the latter; presumed to be a relict restricted to the Cordillera Vilcabamba (Luna and Pacheco, 2002).	Ashaninka Thomasomys
13000961	Thomasomys oreas	Anthony 1926	SPECIES			oreas		Thomasomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.239 p.2			SC Perú (Pacheco et al., 1993) and WC Bolivia (La Paz; Anderson, 1997).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Montane Thomasomys
13000962	Thomasomys paramorum	Thomas 1898	SPECIES			paramorum		Thomasomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.1 p.453			Páramo and páramo-forest ecotone of high Andes, Ecuador.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Ecological information presented by Voss (2003).	Páramo Thomasomys
13000963	Thomasomys popayanus	J. A. Allen 1912	SPECIES			popayanus		Thomasomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.31 p.81		nicefori  Thomas, 1921.	Andes of W and C Colombia.		Reduced to a subspecies of T. aureus by Ellerman (1941), a synonymy repeated by others (Cabrera, 1961; Musser and Carleton, 1993). Species stature, provisionally including nicefori, argued by Voss (2003).	Popayán Thomasomys
13000964	Thomasomys praetor	Thomas 1900	SPECIES			praetor		Thomasomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.5 p.354			NW Perú; limits uncertain.		Another of the large Thomasomys relegated to a subspecies of T. aureus by Cabrera (1961). Morphological contrasts sketched by Voss (2003), who acknowledged T. praetor as species.	Cajamarca Thomasomys
13000965	Thomasomys pyrrhonotus	Thomas 1886	SPECIES			pyrrhonotus		Thomasomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5 vol.18 p.421		auricularis  Anthony, 1923.	Andes of S Ecuador and NW Perú.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Morphology redescribed and additional specimens reported by Pine (1980b). Tirira (1999) listed auricularis as a valid species.	Reddish-backed Thomasomys
13000966	Thomasomys rhoadsi	Stone 1914	SPECIES			rhoadsi		Thomasomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.66 p.12		fumeus  Anthony, 1924.	Andes of NC Ecuador.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Need to confirm junior status of fumeus urged by Voss (2003).	Rhoadss Thomasomys
13000967	Thomasomys rosalinda	Thomas and St. Leger 1926	SPECIES			rosalinda		Thomasomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.18 p.345			NC Perú.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Rosalindas Thomasomys
13000968	Thomasomys silvestris	Anthony 1924	SPECIES			silvestris		Thomasomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.114 p.2			Andes of NC Ecuador (Pichincha Prov.).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Relegated to a subspecies of T. ischyrus by Cabrera (1961), but explicitly distinguished from that form by Anthony (1924); accepted as a valid species by Tirira (1999), Luna and Pacheco (2002), and Voss (2003).	Sylvan Thomasomys
13000969	Thomasomys taczanowskii	Thomas 1882	SPECIES			taczanowskii		Thomasomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1882 p.109			Isolated localities in NW Perú and WC Bolivia (see Anderson, 1993).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Karyology reviewed by Gardner and Patton (1976). Anderson (1997) regarded the assignment of Bolivian specimens as tentative.	Taczanowskis Thomasomys
13000970	Thomasomys ucucha	Voss 2003	SPECIES			ucucha		Thomasomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.3421 p.10			Crest of Cordillera Oriental, 3350-3700 m, NC Ecuador (Napo and Pichincha Provs.).		A medium-sized species with procumbent incisors contrasted principally with T. hylophilus (Voss, 2003).	Ucucha Thomasomys
13000971	Thomasomys vestitus	Thomas 1898	SPECIES			vestitus		Thomasomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.1 p.454			Mérida Andes, ca. 1600-2400 m, W Venezuela (see Linares, 1998:Fig. 151).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Karyotype described by Aguilera et al. (2000), who noted its general conformity to the condition supposed as primitive for the genus.	Mérida Thomasomys
13000972	Thomasomys vulcani	Thomas 1898	SPECIES			vulcani		Thomasomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.1 p.452			Ecuadoran Andes, range uncertain.		Described as a species of Aepeomys and thereafter classified as a subspecies or synonym of lugens, whether listed under Aepeomys (Musser and Carleton, 1993) or Thomasomys (Cabrera, 1961). Pacheco (in Voss et al., 2002) considered vulcani to be a form of Thomasomys proper, its status and relationships yet to be resolved.	Pichincha Thomasomys
13001127	Gerbillus principulus	Thomas and Hinton 1923	SPECIES			principulus	Hendecapleura	Gerbillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1923 p.262			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Subgenus Hendecapleura. This species has been associated with G. nanus or G. watersi, but Lay (1983) regarded it as valid pending systematic revision. See the discussion in Pavlinov et al. (1990).	Principal Gerbil
13000973	Wiedomys	Hershkovitz 1959	GENUS					Wiedomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.72 p.5	Mus pyrrhorhinos Wied-Neuwied, 1821.				Wiedomyini. Tribe formally diagnosed by Reig (1980) to contain a fossil genus, Cholomys, recovered from E Argentina, and the problematic form pyrrhorhinos, which has been variously classified as a species of Oryzomys or Thomasomys (see Tate, 1932f; Osgood, 1933d; and Hershkovitz, 1959b). Genus documented, as W. marplatensis, from the late Pliocene (Sanandresian) of Argentina (Quintana, 2002). Noting phallic similarities between W. pyrrhorhinos and certain phyllotines, Langguth and Silva Neto (1993) considered it an early offshoot of the South American sigmodontine radiation; based on a broader survey of morphological traits, Steppan (1995:60) considered its possible derivation from "a basal thomasomyine grade." Although these somewhat conflicting assessments perhaps argue for continued tribal segregation, more definitive interpretation of the genus phylogenetic position is desirable.	
13000974	Wiedomys pyrrhorhinos	Wied-Neuwied 1821	SPECIES			pyrrhorhinos		Wiedomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Reise nach Brasilien vol.2 p.177			SE Brazil, from Ceará to Rio Grande do Sul.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Locality records clarified by Pine (1980b).	Red-nosed Wiedomys
13000975	Wilfredomys	Avila-Pires 1960	GENUS					Wilfredomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bol. Mus. Nac., Nov. Ser., Rio de Janeiro vol.220 p.3	Thomasomys oenax Thomas, 1928.				Sigmodontinae incertae sedis. Genus diagnosed to encompass another problematic thomasomyine-like species from the Atlantic Forest region; see Osgood (1933b) and Pine (1980b) for historical reviews of the generic affiliations of the type species. The categorical recognition of this taxon, conventionally treated as a subgenus of Thomasomys (e.g., Carleton and Musser, 1984; Corbet and Hill, 1991; Pine, 1980b), will depend on phylogenetic studies involving other SE Brazilian endemics (also see comments under Delomys and Juliomys).	
13000976	Wilfredomys oenax	Thomas 1928	SPECIES			oenax		Wilfredomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 10 vol.1 p.154			SE Brazil to N and C Uruguay.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Morphology redescribed by Pine (1980b) and critically compared with Juliomys pictipes by González (2000a).	Rufous-nosed Wilfredomys
13000977	Zygodontomys	J. A. Allen 1897	GENUS					Zygodontomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.9 p.38	Oryzomys cherriei J. A. Allen, 1895 (= Oryzomys brevicauda J. A. Allen and Chapman, 1893).				Oryzomyini. Zygodontomys was considered a member of the phyllotine group by Hershkovitz (1962), an affinity disputed by others (Hooper and Musser, 1964a; Olds and Anderson, 1989; Pearson and Patton, 1976), or as Sigmodontinae incertae sedis (Reig, 1984; Voss, 1991a). Classification in Oryzomyini formally proposed by Voss and Carleton (1993), a tribal relationship supported by Steppan (1995) and Bonvicino et al. (2003d). First revised by Hershkovitz (1962), who included South American populations now allocated to Bolomys (= Necromys) lasiurus (see Maia and Langguth, 1981; Reig, 1987; Voss and Linzey, 1981). Generic definition emended and species taxonomy revised by Voss (1991a), as followed here; in addition to the two species that Voss recognized, Reig (in Reig et al., 1990a) considered microtinus as valid, a possibility that deserves further exploration. Karyology reported by Gardner and Patton (1976, ... [truncated]	
13000978	Zygodontomys brevicauda	J. A. Allen and Chapman 1893	SPECIES			brevicauda		Zygodontomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.5 p.215		cherriei  (J. A. Allen, 1895); fraterculus J. A. Allen, 1913; frustrator (J. A. Allen and Chapman, 1897); griseus J. A. Allen, 1913; microtinus (Thomas, 1894); reigi Tranier, 1976; sanctaemartae (J. A. Allen, 1899); seorsus Bangs, 1901; soldadoensis Goodwin, 1965; stellae Thomas, 1899; thomasi J. A. Allen, 1901; tobagi Thomas, 1900; ventriosus Goldman, 1912.	Savannas from SE Costa Rica through Panamá, Colombia, Venezuela, and the Guianas, to Brazil north of the Amazon River; including Trinidad and Tobago and smaller continental-shelf islands adjacent Panamá and Venezuela.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Geographic variation evaluated by Voss (1991a), who recognized cherriei and microtinus, along with the nominate form, as subspecies. Formerly included punctulatus, which Voss (1991b) reidentified as a member of Bolomys (= Necromys). Karyotypic variation of Brazilian populations reported by Mattevi et al. (2002), who questioned whether brevicauda as currently arranged is a composite; Bonvicino et al. (2003d) reached the same conclusion based on evaluation of cranial traits and karyotypes.	Short-tailed Zygodont
13000979	Zygodontomys brunneus	Thomas 1898	SPECIES			brunneus		Zygodontomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.2 p.269		borreroi  (Hernandez-Camacho, 1957).	Intermontane valleys of N Colombia, 350-1300 m.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Relegated to a subspecies of Z. brevicauda by Gyldenstolpe (1932) and Hershkovitz (1962), but specific status documented by Voss (1991a).	Brown Zygodont
13100016	Zenkerella insignis	Matschie 1898	SPECIES			insignis		Zenkerella	Anomaluridae	Rodentia	Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin vol.4 p.24		glirinus  (de Winton, 1898).	Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (incl. Bioko), Central African Republic, Republic of Congo. No records from Gabon, see Pérez de Val et al. (1995), Schunke and Hutterer (2000).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt); "Insufficiently known" according to Schlitter (1989).		Cameroon Scaly-tail
13001483	Maxomys inflatus	Robinson and Kloss 1916	SPECIES			inflatus		Maxomys	Muridae	Rodentia	J. Str. Br. Roy. Asiat. Soc. vol.73 p.273			Endemic to mountain forests of W Sumatra.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	One of the most distinctive species of Maxomys, as reflected by its wide rostrum and inflated nasolacrimal capsules (Corbet and Hill, 1992; Musser et al., 1979). Part of the suite of murine species endemic to Sumatra (Musser, 1986; see account of Maxomys hylomyoides).	Broad-nosed Sumatran Maxomys
13000980	Tylomyinae	Reig 1984	SUBFAMILY						Cricetidae	Rodentia	Revista Brasil. Genet. vol.7 2 p.338		Tylomyinae Reig, 1984 (Tylomyini McKenna and Bell, 1997).			<p>Emended definitionMedium to large-sized arboreal cricetid rodents with tail slightly longer than head and body; four mammae arranged as two inguinal pairs; hindfoot short and broad, digit V nearly equal to II-IV, plantar pads large and closely approximate, ungual tufts present; interorbit cuneate, supraorbital shelves pronounced, dorsally reflected, continuing (in adults) as well-defined temporal ridges; interparietal conspicuous, long and wide, laterally contacting squamosal; zygomatic plate relatively narrow, dorsal notch absent or weakly suggested; tegmen tympani adnate to squamosal (Voss, 1993); alisphenoid strut present, postglenoid foramen tiny, subsquamosal fenestra absent, hamular process undefined (Carleton, 1980); palatal conformation short-wide (Hershkovitz, 1962), parapterygoid fossa shallow and relatively narrow; mesopterygoid fossa typically fully ossified, sphenopalatine vacuities absent or inconspicuous slits (Carleton, 1980); molars brachyodont, strongly cuspidate ... [truncated]	
13000981	Nyctomys	Saussure 1860	GENUS					Nyctomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Rev. Mag. Zool. Paris, ser. 2 vol.12 p.106	Hesperomys sumichrasti Saussure, 1860.				<p>Nyctomyini new tribe. Type genusNyctomys Saussure, 1860. DefinitionMedium-sized tylomyine rodents with rich tawny to reddish-brown pelage, tail densely furred and noticeably penicillate; cranium with short, stocky rostrum and arched dorsal profile; jugal thin but a constant middle element of zygomatic arch; carotid circulation complete (Otonyctomys) or derived (most Nyctomys); basihyal with small, knobby entoglossal process; vertebral column with 13 thoracics and 6 lumbars (Carleton, 1980); M1 oval, anterocone narrow and undivided, M3 ovate, smaller than M2; two complete and five incomplete transverse palatal ridges (Carleton, 1980); accessory reproductive glands with two pairs of preputials, ampullaries loose and filiform, dorsal prostates strongly modified, anterior prostates and vesiculars absent (Voss and Linzey, 1981); glans penis with urethral process and dorsal papilla (Hooper and Musser, 1964a). ContentsNyctomys Saussure, 1860; Otonyc... [truncated]	
13000982	Nyctomys sumichrasti	Saussure 1860	SPECIES			sumichrasti		Nyctomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Rev. Mag. Zool. Paris, ser. 2 vol.12 p.107		colimensis  Laurie, 1953; costaricensis Goldman, 1937; decolorus (True, 1894); florencei Goldman, 1937; nitellinus Bangs, 1902; pallidulus Goldman, 1937; salvini (Tomes, 1862); venustulus Goldman, 1916.	Lowland and lower montane forests from S Jalisco and S Veracruz, Mexico, south to C Panama, excluding the Yucatán Peninsula.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Nongoegraphic variation of Nicaraguan sample evaluated by Genoways and Jones (1972b); specimens from Michoacán documented by Sánchez-Hernández et al. (1999). Standard and banded karyotypes described by Lee and Elder (1977) and Haiduk et al. (1988), respectively. No current revisionary standard available. Based on examination of USNM series, populations can be sorted according to concordant variation in carotid circulatory pattern and molar-root number: those to the north and west of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec (sumichrasti, pallidulus) possess a complete pattern and three-rooted M2; whereas, those farther south and east of the Isthmus (costaricensis, decolorus, florencei, nitellinus, venustulus) exhibit a derived carotid condition and four-rooted M2. The existence of a geographic pattern should be confirmed with larger series, especially samples from Chiapas and Guatemala (salvini), and its taxonomic significance explored wi... [truncated]	Sumichrasts Vesper Rat
13000983	Otonyctomys	Anthony 1932	GENUS					Otonyctomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.586 p.1	Otonyctomys hatti Anthony, 1932.				Nyctomyini. Although singularly distinctive, many morphological traits associate Otonyctomys with Nyctomys as its closest relative (see above and Hooper and Musser, 1964a), but its phylogenetic position and other aspects of systematic biology have received little attention.	
13000984	Otonyctomys hatti	Anthony 1932	SPECIES			hatti		Otonyctomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.586 p.1			Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico, south to N Belize and NE Guatemala (Peten Dept.).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Range wholly allopatric to that of its probable sister taxon Nyctomys; new records in Quintana Roo documented by Aranda et al. (1997).	Yucatán Vesper Rat
13000985	Ototylomys	Merriam 1901	GENUS					Ototylomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. vol.3 p.561	Ototylomys phyllotis Merriam, 1901.				Tylomyini. Emended DefinitionLarge-sized tylomyine rodents, pelage somber gray to grayish-brown, tail nearly naked; cranium with moderately long, tapering rostrum and flat dorsal profile; jugal absent or tiny and irregularly formed, zygomatic processes of maxillary and squamosal in contact; carotid circulation derived (character state 3 per Carleton, 1980); basihyal with large, attenuate entoglossal process, vertebral column with 14-15 thoracics and 6 lumbars (Carleton, 1980); M1 rectangular, anterocone broad and deeply bifurcate, lingual and labial conules subequal to primary cusps, M3 rectangular and resembling M2 in size and enamel configuration; three complete and five-nine incomplete transverse palatal ridges (Carleton, 1980); accessory reproductive glands with one pair of preputials, ampullaries compact and coiled, vesiculars present and highly modified (Arata, 1964; Lawlor, 1969), ductus deferens with distal ampulla (Arata, 1964; Carleton, 1980); urethral process absent (Oto... [truncated]	
13000986	Ototylomys phyllotis	Merriam 1901	SPECIES			phyllotis		Ototylomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. vol.3 p.562		affinis  Laurie, 1953; australis Osgood, 1931; brevirostris Laurie, 1953; connectens Sanborn, 1935; fumeus J. A. Allen, 1908; guatemalae Thomas, 1909; phaeus Merriam, 1901.	C Costa Rica north to Yucatán Peninsula, S Tabasco, and N Chiapas, Mexico; isolated record from NC Guerrero, Mexico.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Distribution and geographic variation examined by Lawlor (1969), who retained australis and connectens as subspecies. See Lawlor (1982, Mammalian Species, 181).	Big-eared Climbing Rat
13300012	Pectinator spekei	Blyth 1855 "1856"	SPECIES			spekei		Pectinator	Ctenodactylidae	Rodentia	Journ. Asiatic Soc. Bengal vol.24[for 1855] 2 p.294, pl. 2, f. 1		legerae de Beaux, 1934; meridionalis de Beaux, 1922.	Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, Somalia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Spekes Pectinator
13000987	Tylomys	Peters 1866	GENUS					Tylomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1866 p.404	Hesperomys nudicaudus Peters, 1866.				Tylomyini. Closely related to Ototylomys (see previous account). Phylogenetic evaluations of cytochrome b sequences arrange Tylomys either as sister-group to Sigmodontinae (DElía et al., 2003) or as a member of a polytomy that includes Arvicolinae-Neotominae-Sigmodontinae (DElía et al., in press). Nominal species listed follow Hall (1981:626), who remarked that "Study  may show that some of the species are only subspecies." Such taxonomic study is overdue.	
13000988	Tylomys bullaris	Merriam 1901	SPECIES			bullaris		Tylomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. vol.3 p.561			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN  Critically Endangered.		Chiapan Climbing Rat
13000989	Tylomys fulviventer	Anthony 1916	SPECIES			fulviventer		Tylomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.35 p.366			Easternmost Panama.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Possibly a subspecies of T. mirae according to Cabrera (1961) or a synonym of T. panamensis according to Handley (1966a).	Fulvous-bellied Climbing Rat
13000990	Tylomys mirae	Thomas 1899	SPECIES			mirae		Tylomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.4 p.278		bogotensis  Goodwin, 1955.	W Colombia and NW Ecuador.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Mira Climbing Rat
13000991	Tylomys nudicaudus	Peters 1866	SPECIES			nudicaudus		Tylomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1866 p.404		gymnurus  Villa, 1941; microdon Goodwin, 1955; villai Schaldach, 1966.	C Guerrero and C Veracruz, Mexico, south to S Nicaragua, excluding Yucatan Peninsula.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Goodwin (1934) passingly noted that La Primavera (Dept. Alto Verapaz) may be the type locality, a restriction which should be formally considered by a future revisor. Goodwin (1969) relegated gymnurus to a subspecies of T. nudicaudus.	Peters Climbing Rat
13000992	Tylomys panamensis	Gray 1873	SPECIES			panamensis		Tylomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4 vol.12 p.417			Easternmost Panamá (see Goldman, 1920).	IUCN  Vulnerable	Handley (1966a) suggested that fulviventer and watsoni may prove to be junior synonyms of T. panamensis.	Panamá Climbing Rat
13000993	Tylomys tumbalensis	Merriam 1901	SPECIES			tumbalensis		Tylomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. vol.3 p.560			Known from isolated localites in Chiapas, S México (see Espinoza M. et al., 1999a, b).	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Recorded with T. nudicaudus in reserves of Chiapas (Espinoza M. et al., 1999a, b).	Tumbalá Climbing Rat
13000994	Tylomys watsoni	Thomas 1899	SPECIES			watsoni		Tylomys	Cricetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.4 p.278			Costa Rica and W Panamá.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Watsons Climbing Rat
13000995	Muridae	Illiger 1811	FAMILY						Muridae	Rodentia	Abhandl. K. Akad. Wiss., Berlin for 1804-11 p.46, 129					<p>Phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences support the monophyly of Gerbillinae and Murinae (Adkins et al., 2001; Montgelard et al., 2002; Robinson et al., 1997); Deomyinae, Gerbillinae, and Murinae (Catzeflis et al., 1995; Conroy and Cook, 1999; Dubois et al., 1999; Hänni et al., 1995; Martin et al., 2000); and those three subfamilies plus Otomyinae (Jansa and Weksler, 2004; Michaux and Catzeflis, 2000; Michaux et al., 2001b). Until analyses of molecular data recovered a monophyletic clade consisting of Acomys, Lophuromys, Uranomys, and Deomys (Deomyinae), the first three genera had been listed in classifications and checklists under Murinae. They share many of the diagnostic cranial traits associated with murines and the defining "upper first molars with three cusps in the anterior two transverse chevrons" and positions of the two lingual cusps relative to the adjacent central cusps (Carleton and Musser, 1984; Flynn ... [truncated]	
13000996	Deomyinae	Thomas 1888	SUBFAMILY						Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1888 p.132		Acomyinae Dubois, Catzeflis, and Beintema, 1999 [nomen nudum ]; Acomyinae Michaux and Catzeflis, 2000 [nomen nudum]; Deomyes Thomas, 1888 (Deomyinae Lydekker, 1889; Deomyinae Ellerman, 1941).			<p>Up to 1999 the clade containing Acomys was informally referred to as "acomyines" (Hänni et al., 1995; E. Verheyen et al., 1995, 1996b). Dubois et al. (1999:181-182) wrote that "Acomys and Uranomys constitute a monophyletic clade at the subfamily level, denoted Acomyinae and noted "throughout this paper, we will use the term Acomyinae for the clade containing Acomys and Uranomys." Later Michaux and Catzeflis (2000:286) indicated that "Following Hänni et al. (1995, p. 132), we name acomyines or [provisionally] Acomyinae as the clade containing the genera Acomys, Deomys, Lophuromys, and Uranomys." Acomyinae as used by Dubois et al. is unavailable because it was unaccompanied "by a description or definition that states in words characters that are purported to differentiate the taxon" or "a bibliographic reference to such a published statement," which is stipulated by the fourth edition of the Internation... [truncated]	
13001009	Acomys kempi	Dollman 1911	SPECIES			kempi	Acomys	Acomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.8 p.125		montanus Heller, 1914; pulchellus Dollman, 1911.	S Ethiopia, S Somalia, Kenya and NE Tanzania (samples in FMNH and USNM); also see Bates (1994); limits unknown.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Acomys. Originally described by Dollman as a subspecies of A. ignitus and listed that way by Ellerman (1941) and Hollister (1919), but considered a subspecies of A. cahirinus by Setzer (1975). Treated as a species by Janecek et al. (1991) with closest evolutionary ties to A. cahirinus. The morphological characteristics and geographic range of kempi may represent the eastern segment of A. cineraceus. Hollister (1919) correctly explained why pulchellus is a synonym of A. kempi; we include montanus based upon our studies.	Kemps Spiny Mouse
13000997	Acomys	I. Geoffroy 1838	GENUS					Acomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. (Paris), ser. 2 vol.10 p.126	Mus cahirinus É. Geoffroy, 1803.	Acanthomys  Lesson, 1842 [not Gray, 1867, or Tokuda, 1941]; Acosminthus Gloger, 1841; Peracomys F. Petter and Roche, 1981; Subacomys Denys, Gautun, Tranier, and Volobouev, 1994.			<p>A brief list of species and subspecies made by Setzer (1975); the arrangement of species provided by Musser and Carleton (1993) based on review of literature and study of specimens; chromosomal reviews by Matthey (1965a, b, 1968), Volobouev et al. (1991), Sokolov et al. (1992, 1993), and Denys et al. (1994) and regional chromosomal studies of species (cited in the species accounts); study of molar occlusal patterns (Denys et al., 1994; F. Petter, 1983), and spermatozoal morphology (Baskevich and Lavrenchenko, 1995; Breed, 1995a); biochemical and molecular analyses of large species-clusters (Barome et al., 1998, 2000; Janecek et al., 1991) and smaller assemblages cited in the species accounts; regional systematic revisions (referenced in the species accounts); and review of geographic distributions (Bates, 1994) have all contributed to the present understanding of species-limits within Acomys, their geographic ranges, and phylogenetic relationships. Regret... [truncated]	
13000998	Acomys	I. Geoffroy 1838	SUBGENUS				Acomys	Acomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. (Paris), ser. 2 vol.10 p.126	Mus cahirinus É. Geoffroy, 1803.					
13000999	Peracomys	F. Petter and Roche 1981	SUBGENUS				Peracomys	Acomys	Muridae	Rodentia							
13001000	Subacomys	Denys, Gautun, Tranier, and Volobouev 1994	SUBGENUS				Subacomys	Acomys	Muridae	Rodentia							
13001001	Acomys airensis	Thomas and Hinton 1921	SPECIES			airensis	Acomys	Acomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Nov. Zool. Tring vol.28 p.8			Recorded from S Mauritania, Mali, Niger, and Chad (Bâ et al., 2001; Barome et al., 1998, 2000; Dobigny et al., 2001a, b, 2002b, 2003; Le Berre, 1990; Tranier et al., 1999).		<p>Subgenus Acomys. Initially described as a species but later included in A. cineraceus (F. Petter, 1954; Rosevear, 1969), A. dimidiatus (Setzer, 1975), or A. cahirinus (Musser and Carleton, 1993; Rosevear, 1969). Tranier (1975b) first reported its karyotype (2n = 40), and subsequent comparisons among samples of airensis, dimidiatus, and cahirinus using chromosomal traits highlighted airensis as a species relative to the other two (Tranier et al., 1999; Volobouev et al., 1991, 1996). Phylogenetic analyses of mtDNA cytochrome b sequences provided concordant results (Barome et al., 2000, 2001a, b; Dobigny et al., 2001a). Denys et al. (1994) described the dental traits distinguishing A. airensis from A. cahirinus, A. chudeaui, and A. seurati. In his initial chromosomal report, Tranier (1975b) placed A. airensis in the A. cahirinus species grou... [truncated]	Western Saharan Spiny mouse
13001002	Acomys cahirinus	É. Geoffroy 1803	SPECIES			cahirinus	Acomys	Acomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Cat. Mam. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Paris p.195		albigena  (Heuglin, 1877); helmyi Osborn, 1980; hunteri De Winton, 1901; megalodus Setzer, 1959; nubicus (Heuglin, 1877); sabryi Kershaw, 1922; viator Thomas, 1902.	NE Africa: Libya, Egypt (Osborn and Helmy, 1980), Sinai Peninsula (Saleh and Basuony, 1998), N Sudan, Ethiopia (identified by chromosomal traits; Sokolov et al., 1992, 1993), and Djibouti (Pearch et al., 2001); see Bates (1994); W and S distributional limits unresolved.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>Subgenus Acomys. Musser and Carleton (1993) presented a broad definition of A. cahirinus that included some of the species listed here (airensis, chudeaui, dimidiatus and its synonyms, johannis and seurati) and had a geographic range extending from NW Africa to S Pakistan (as mapped by Bates, 1994, who followed Musser and Carleton, 1993). A growing body of published research, mostly by French scientists, has rendered Musser and Carletons view simplistic and an underestimate of the actual number of species. As currently understood, the geographic distribution of A. cahirinus centers in NE Africa, and the species is distinguished from A. airensis, A. chudeaui, A. dimidiatus, A. johannis, and A. seurati by dental characters (Denys et al., 1994), chromosomal traits (Volobouev et al., 1991, 1996, 2002b; 2n = 36 for A. cahirinus, 2n from 38 to 68 for the other species), ... [truncated]	Northeast African Spiny Mouse
13001003	Acomys chudeaui	Kollman 1911	SPECIES			chudeaui	Acomys	Acomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Abh. Bayer Akad. Wiss. Math. Natürwiss. vol.Kl. 3 p.195			Western Sahara: Recorded from C Morocco (mapped by Aulagnier and Thevenot, 1986, as cahirinus) and W Mauritania (Benazzou, 1983; Le Berre, 1990); geographic limits unresolved.		Subgenus Acomys. Usually listed in the synonymy of A. cahirinus (e. g., Musser and Carleton, 1993), but chromosomal data (Benazzou, 1983; 2n = 40 for chudeaui, 2n = 36 for cahirinus) has been used to support species status (Le Berre, 1990; Le Berre and Le Guelte, 1990) as a member of the A. cahirinus-A. dimidiatus group (Benazzou, 1983). Denys et al. (1994) described distinguishing dental differences between A. chudeaui, A. cahirinus, and the Algerian A. seurati, suggesting they reflected differences among species. The precise phylogenetic relationships among A. chudeaui, A. seurati, and A. airensis (in which 2n varies from 40 to 46) require resolution.	Chudeaus Spiny Mouse
13001010	Acomys louisae	Thomas 1896	SPECIES			louisae	Peracomys	Acomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.18 p.269		umbratus Thomas, 1923.	Somalia and Djibouti; see Bates (1994); limits unknown.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Peracomys. The type-species of subgenus Peracomys (F. Petter and Roche, 1981); distinction from other Acomys confirmed by Denys et al. (1994). F. Petter (1983) included umbratus in the species. Pearch et al. (2001) listed A. louisae for the Djibouti fauna following Scaramella et al. (1974).	Louises Spiny Mouse
13600069	Neohylomys	Shaw and Wong 1959	GENUS					Neohylomys	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha	Acta Zool. Sinica vol.11 p.422	Neohylomys hainanensis Shaw and Wong, 1959.				Reviewed by Corbet (1988) and Frost et al. (1991). The latter authors and Jenkins and Robinson (2002)included it in Hylomys as a synonym or subgenus, but see Mein and Ginsburg (1997).	
13001004	Acomys cilicicus	Spitzenberger 1978	SPECIES			cilicicus	Acomys	Acomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Nat. Hist. Mus. Wien vol.81 p.444			Known only from the type locality (Bates, 1994).	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Subgenus Acomys. Corbet (1984) commented on this species. Karyotype documented by Macholán et al. (1995). Zima et al. (1999b) considered the karyotype to be closely similar to that of A. nesiotes from Cyprus, stated that karyotypes of A. cilicicus and A. cahirinus from Egypt were "almost identical" (p. 151), and suggested "that A. cahirinus, A. cilicicus, and A. nesiotes represent a separate group of karyotypically closely related species of Eastern Mediterranean spiny mice." This notion is corroborated by phylogenetic analyses of mtDNA cytochrome b sequences (Barome et al., 1998, 2000) and breeding experiments (Frynta and Sádlová, 1998). Kivanç et al. (1997b) reported the same karyotype, but also looked at phallic morphology and concluded A. cilicicus was distinct because of its unique combination of phallic and other morphological traits in combination with a karyotype nearly identical to that of A... [truncated]	Turkish Spiny Mouse
13001005	Acomys cineraceus	Heuglin 1877	SPECIES			cineraceus	Acomys	Acomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Reise in Nordost-Afrika vol.2 p.70		cinerascens Heuglin, 1877; hawashensis Frick, 1914; hystrella Heller, 1911; intermedius Wettstein, 1916; johannis Thomas, 1912; lowei Setzer, 1956; witherbyi De Winton, 1901 [Dieterlen, in litt.].	C and S Sudan, N Uganda, C and S Ethiopia (specimens in USNM), and Djibouti (Pearch et al., 2001); distributional limits unresolved.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Acomys. Formerly included in A. cahirinus (F. Petter, 1983; Setzer, 1975), but Dieterlen (in litt.) noted that A. cineraceus is a distinct species and one of four (A. wilsoni, A. percivali, and A. cahirinus) occurring in Sudan. Separation of cineraceus from A. cahirinus is supported by chromosomal data (2n = 48 or 50 for cineraceus, 2n = 36 for cahirinus; Kunze et al., 1999b) and analysis of pericentric satellite DNA (Kunze et al., 1999a). F. Petter (1983) recognized witherbyi as a species, and reported that it coexists with a member of the cahirinus-dimidiatus complex in Sudan. Both F. Petter (1983) and Denys et al. (1994) did not associate lowei (W Sudan) with A. cineraceus, but with A. mullah (see that account). In morphology, A. cineraceus closely resembles A. kempi (our study of specimens), which ranges from S Ethiopia and Somalia to ... [truncated]	Gray Spiny Mouse
13001006	Acomys dimidiatus	Cretzschmar 1826	SPECIES			dimidiatus	Acomys	Acomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Rüppel Atlas vol.37 p.taf. 13, fig. a		Subgenus Acomys . Acomys dimidiatus is morphologically very similar to A. cahirinus and with few exceptions (e. g., Ellerman, 1941; Morrison-Scott, 1939; Setzer, 1959, 1975) has usually been listed in the synonymy of that species (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; Ellerman et al., 1953; Musser and Carleton, 1993). Volobouev et al. (1996:217) correctly noted "The difficulty to find diagnostic morphological characters is especially notable in the cahirinus-dimidiatus group in which a number of forms and their taxonomic rank are subject to incessant revision." The chromosomal differences "provide a strong cytogenetic isolation" demonstrating the species status of dimidiatus compared with cahirinus, a conclusion they had proposed in an earlier study contrasting chromosomal features among cahirinus, dimidiatus, and airensis (Volobouev et al., 1991). That separation is also indicated by comparative karyological studies (Kunze et al., 1999b; Volobouev et al., 2002b), phylogenetic analyses based on mtDNA cytochrome b gene sequences (Barome et al., 2000, 2001a, b), pericentric satellite DNA (Kunze et al., 1999b), and comparative study of dental traits among species of Acomys (Denys et al., 1994). See Al-Saleh (1988), Barome et al. (2001a), Macholán et al. (1995), Qumsiyeh et al. (1986), Sokolov et al. (1992, 1993), Volobouev et al. (1991), and references cited therein for additional documentation of chromosomal data and its significance. Most samples of A. dimidiatus have 38 chromosomes, but the diploid number is 36 in some populations on the Sinai Peninsula and in Israel, and there is a narrow hybridization zone on the E Sinai (Nevo, 1989; Wahrman and Goitein, 1972; reported as cahirinus). Kronfield et al. (1994) reported ecological characteristics of A. dimidiatus (as cahirinus) and A. russatus where they occur together in S Israel.	Sinai Peninsula of Egypt (Saleh and Basuony, 1998, as cahirinus), Jordan, Israel (Mendelssohn and Yom-Tov, 1999, as cahirinus), Lebanon, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Yemen (Al-Jumaily, 1998, as cahirinus), Oman, United Arab Emirates (Stuart and Stuart, 1995, as cahirinus), S Iraq, S Iran, and S Pakistan. The range (see Bates, 1994) is basically east of the distribution of the morphologically similar North African A. cahirinus.	carmeliensisHaas, 1952; flavidus Thomas, 1917; hispidus (Brandts, 1827); homericus Thomas, 1923; megalotis (Lichtenstein, 1829); whitei Harrison, 1980.	<p>Subgenus Acomys. Acomys dimidiatus is morphologically very similar to A. cahirinus and with few exceptions (e. g., Ellerman, 1941; Morrison-Scott, 1939; Setzer, 1959, 1975) has usually been listed in the synonymy of that species (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; Ellerman et al., 1953; Musser and Carleton, 1993). Volobouev et al. (1996:217) correctly noted "The difficulty to find diagnostic morphological characters is especially notable in the cahirinus-dimidiatus group in which a number of forms and their taxonomic rank are subject to incessant revision." The chromosomal differences "provide a strong cytogenetic isolation" demonstrating the species status of dimidiatus compared with cahirinus, a conclusion they had proposed in an earlier study contrasting chromosomal features among cahirinus, dimidiatus, and airensis (Volobouev et al., 1991). That separation is also indicated by comparative karyological studies ... [truncated]	Eastern Spiny Mouse
13001007	Acomys ignitus	Dollman 1910	SPECIES			ignitus	Acomys	Acomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.6 p.229			Usambara Mtns in NE Tanzania (specimens in FMNH), and Kenya (F. Petter, 1983, reports the species from Somalia but gives no exact locality). See Bates (1994); range limits unknown.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Acomys. F. Petter (1983) recognized ignitus as a valid species, clashing with Setzer (1975), who regarded it as part of A. dimidiatus. F. Petter's action reflects reality, reinforcing the views of Hollister (1919) and Ellerman (1941), who recognized ignitus as a separate species, but associated the names pulchellus, kempi, and montanus either as subspecies or direct synonyms (we arrange those names with A. kempi; see that account). Janecek et al. (1991) considered ignitus distinct and phylogenetically closely related to A. cahirinus, based on genetic data. Their conclusions, along with morphological data (Denys et al., 1994; our examination of skins and skulls) and analysis of mtDNA cytochrome b sequences (Barome et al. 1998, 2000, 2001a) define the specific integrity of ignitus.	Fiery Spiny Mouse
13001008	Acomys johannis	Thomas 1912	SPECIES			johannis	Acomys	Acomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.9 p.272			Burkina Faso, S Niger, Nigeria, N Benin, and N Cameroon; limits of geographic range unresolved.		<p>Subgenus Acomys. Formerly included in A. cahirinus (Setzer, 1975) or A. cineraceus (Musser and Carleton, 1993). Recently, Sicard and Tranier (1996) provided a detailed report on the geographic distribution of three pelage color phenotypes of Acomys occurring in Burkina Faso (all with 2n = 66 or 68; also see Gautun et al., 1986), assigned them to A. johannis, and contrasted their external, cranial, and dental morphology with A. chudeaui (2n = 42), A. airensis (2n = 40 to 46) and the Algerian A. seurati (2n = 38). Using mtDNA cytochrome b sequences, Barome et al. (2000) identified the specimens from Burkina Faso as Acomys sp. and specimens from Niger, Benin, Cameroon, and Niger as A. johannis. This species is a member of the A. cahirinus-A. dimidiatus group (Barome et al., 2000) and different from either A. cahirinus or A. cineraceus, but it needs to be more clearly diagnosed and its geog... [truncated]	Johans Spiny Mouse
13001011	Acomys minous	Bate 1905 "1906"	SPECIES			minous	Acomys	Acomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1905 2 p.321			Endemic to Crete (Greece); see Bates (1994).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Subgenus Acomys. Treated as a species by Dieterlen (1978a), Corbet and Hill (1991), Cheylan (1991), and Denys et al. (1994). Chromosomal banding pattern documented by Kunze et al. (1999b:228), who noted the close similarity between karyotypes of Egyptian A. cahirinus and A. minous, and speculated that "Acomys may have reached Crete by ship with humans," an assumption concordant "with the lack of fossil Acomys records in Crete" (see Dieterlen, 1978, and discussion and references in Barome et al. [2001a]). This hypothesis was challenged by Barome et al. (2001a) based on mtDNA cytochrome b sequences. Their sample of A. minous was composed of two lineages, one (group A) clustered with Egyptian A. cahirinus and A. nesiotes from Cyprus, the other (group B) formed a clade with the Turkish A. cilicicus. Cytochrome b sequences were closely similar among the four species, the maximum nucleoti... [truncated]	Crete Spiny Mouse
13001012	Acomys mullah	Thomas 1904	SPECIES			mullah	Acomys	Acomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.14 p.103		brockmani Dollman, 1911.	Ethiopia and Somalia; see Bates (1994); limits unknown.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Acomys. F. Petter (1983) recognized brockmani as a valid species, suggesting it might be referable to mullah, which is the older name. These two forms are characterized by large molar rows, also diagnostic of lowei, which F. Petter implicitly associated with both mullah and brockmani as separate species, as did Denys et al. (1994). Ellerman (1941) also recognized mullah and brockmani as species, but Setzer (1975) arranged lowei as a subspecies of A. cahirinus, Dieterlen (in litt.) regarded it as a synonym of A. cinerasceus, and Setzer (1975) treated mullah and brockmani as subspecies of A. dimidiatus. Yalden et al. (1976) listed mullah as a synonym of A. cahirinus. Musser and Carleton (1993) followed Dieterlen in associating lowei with A. cinerasceus, an identity we retain pending a systematic revision of that species (see account).	Mullah Spiny Mouse
13001013	Acomys nesiotes	Bate 1903	SPECIES			nesiotes	Acomys	Acomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.11 p.565			Cyprus; see in Bates (1994).	IUCN  Data Deficient.	Subgenus Acomys. Originally described as a species, subsequently listed as a subspecies of A. dimidiatus (Ellerman, 1941) or included in A. cahirinus (Corbet, 1978c), but again treated as a species (Spitzenberger, 1978b). Standard karyotype (2n=38) described by Zahavi and Wahrman (1956) and Zima et al. (1999b); chromosomal banding pattern similar to the Turkish A. cilicicus and Egyptian A. cahirinus (Zima et al., 1999b). This association corroborated by mtDNA cytochrome b sequences (Barome et al., 2001a) and breeding experiments (Frynta and Sádlová, 1998); the Crete, Cyprus, and Turkish species join A. cahirinus in a monophyletic clade to the exclusion of that formed by samples of A. dimidiatus or other species of Acomys sampled. See accounts of A. cilicicus and A. minous for additional discussion.	Cyprus Spiny Mouse
13001014	Acomys percivali	Dollman 1911	SPECIES			percivali	Acomys	Acomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.8 p.126			S Sudan (east of White Nile), E Uganda, SW Ethiopia, and Kenya; see Bates (1994).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Acomys. Treated as a synonym of kempi, which in turn was included within A. cahirinus by Setzer (1975). However, Hollister (1919) recognized percivali as a species based upon many specimens he examined, as did Ellerman (1941) and F. Petter (1983). Hubert (1978b) identified specimens from Ethiopia as A. percivali, and Neal (1983) used percivali as a species in comparing breeding patterns between it and A. wilsoni in C Kenya. Janecek et al. (1991) regarded percivali as the species genetically most closely related to A. wilsoni, and Denys et al. (1994) noted the nearly identical molar morphology in the two species. Matthey (1968) recorded a karyotype (2n = 36, FN = 68) for what he identified as A. percivali from Ethiopia, but Sokolov et al. (1992, 1993) regarded Mattheys results as applying to A. cahirinus. See account of A. wilsoni.	Percivals Spiny Mouse
13001015	Acomys russatus	Wagner 1840	SPECIES			russatus	Acomys	Acomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Abh. Akad. Wiss. Münchin vol.3 p.195		aegyptiacus  Bonhote, 1912; affinis Gray, 1843; harrisoni Atallah, 1970; lewisi Atallah, 1967.	Egypt east of the Nile (Osborn and Helmy, 1980), S and E Sinai (Haim and Tchernov, 1974; Nevo, 1989; Saleh and Basuony, 1998), Jordan, Israel (Mendelssohn and Yom-Tov, 1999), Saudi Arabia, N Yemen (Al-Jumaily, 1998), and Oman (Harrison and Bates, 1991); see Bates (1994).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>Subgenus Acomys. Qumsiyeh et al. (1986) retained lewisi as a species because fur color and bacular morphology of lewisi are distinctive compared with A. russatus (Atallah, 1967), even though the karyotype of lewisi from Jordan is indistinguishable from A. russatus. However, based on morphological evidence, lewisi was included in A. russatus by other systematists (Corbet, 1978c; Harrison and Bates, 1991; Osborn and Helmy, 1980), an allocation also supported by genetic data (Janecek et al., 1991). See Nevo (1985, 1989, and references therein) for additional chromosomal data and its significance.</p><p>Among species of Acomys, A. russatus is very distinctive in its molar morphology (Denys et al., 1994) and chromosomal traits (2n = 66), an isolation bolstered by phylogenetic analysis of mtDNA cytochrome b sequences, which does not associate it closely with any other single species or any species i... [truncated]	Golden Spiny Mouse
13001079	Gerbilliscus guineae	Thomas 1910	SPECIES			guineae	Taterona	Gerbilliscus	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.5 p.351		picta (Hayman, 1936).	From Gambia and Senegal (Duplantier and Granjon, 1992), through Guinea (Ziegler et al., 2002), Sierra Leone, and S Mali (Meinig, 2000) to Burkina Faso and Ghana.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Tatera guineae.	Subgenus Taterona. Reviewed by Rosevear (1969). Shown to be morphologically distinct from G. robustus by Bates (1985) and Pavlinov (1997). Gautun et al. (1985) provided chromosomal information. Ghana and Sierra Leone populations reviewed by Grubb et al. (1998), who explained why picta should be included in G. guineae.	Guinean Gerbil
13001016	Acomys seurati	Heim de Balsac 1936	SPECIES			seurati	Acomys	Acomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Bull. Biol. Fr. Belg. vol.21 p.356, Fig. 6(4); 389, Fig. 15(15)			Recorded only from mountains of S Algeria, in Hoggar, Mouydir and Tassili nAjjers (Bates, 1994; Kowalski and Rzebik-Kowalska, 1991).		Subgenus Acomys. Described as a species by Heim de Balsac, but listed as a synonym of A. cahirinus by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) and Musser and Carleton (1993); however, the karyotype is different (2n = 38, FN = 68 compared with 2n = 36, FN = 68 for A. cahirinus) and the two can be distinguished by molar morphology (Denys et al., 1994:237). Kowalski and Rzebik-Kowalska (1991) provided references to distributional records, ecology, and morphology of the species.	Seurats Spiny Mouse
13001017	Acomys spinosissimus	Peters 1852	SPECIES			spinosissimus	Acomys	Acomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Reise nach Mossambique, Säugeth. p.160		selousi  De Winton, 1896; transvaalensis Roberts, 1926.	NE Tanzania (Amani; series in USNM) and EC Tanzania (Kilosa and Morogoro regions; specimens in FMNH and MNHN), SE Dem. Rep. Congo, Zambia, Malawi (Chitaukali et al., 2001, on Nyika Plateau; Denys et al., 1999), Zimbabwe, E Botswana, C Mozambique, and N and NW South Africa; see Bates (1994).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Acomys. Revised by Dippenaar and Rautenbach (1986). Genetic data indicated that A. spinosissimus should be placed in a species-group separate from other Acomys (Janecek et al., 1991). Barome et al. (2001b) reported morphological and molecular analyses of A. spinosissimus from Tanzania and Malawi compared with samples from farther south in the range. Their results not only demonstrated the monophyly of all geographic samples (from Tanzania, Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, and NE South Africa) of A. spinosissimus, but also the distinctiveness of this species compared with South African A. subspinosus and other northern species (A. wilsoni, A. russatus, A. ignitus, A. airensis, A. cahirinus, and A. dimidiatus; see also Barome et al., 2000). Reviewed by de Graaf (1997b).	Southern African Spiny Mouse
13001018	Acomys subspinosus	Waterhouse 1837 "1838"	SPECIES			subspinosus	Subacomys	Acomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1837 p.104			South Africa; restricted to Western Cape Province (Bates, 1994; Dippenaar and Rautenbach, 1986; Skinner and Smithers, 1990).	IUCN  Least Concern.	Subgenus Subacomys. Revised by Dippenaar and Rautenbach (1986). Musser and Carleton (1993) noted that A. subspinosus should be in a species-group by itself, according to the results of genetic analysis by Janecek et al. (1991). Its separation from other Acomys is also indicated by phylogenetic analyses of mtDNA cytochrome b sequences (Barome et al., 2000, 2001b). Their study of cranial and dental morphology prompted Denys et al. (1994) to propose the subgenus Subacomys for A. subspinosus. Reviewed by de Graaff (1997c).	Cape Spiny Mouse
13001019	Acomys wilsoni	Thomas 1892	SPECIES			wilsoni	Acomys	Acomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.10 p.22		ablutus Dollman, 1911; argillaceus Hinton and Kershaw, 1920; boronei De Beaux, 1934; enid St. Leger, 1932; nubilus Dollman, 1914.	S Sudan, S Ethiopia, S Somalia, Uganda, Kenya, and south to EC Tanzania (Kondoa; specimens in AMNH); see Bates (1994); limits unknown.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Acomys. Formerly included in A. subspinosus by Setzer (1975) but considered a species by most systematists (Corbet and Hill, 1991; Ellerman, 1941; Hollister, 1919; Matthey, 1968; Musser and Carleton, 1993; F. Petter, 1983; F. Petter and Roche, 1981; Rupp, 1980; Yalden et al., 1976). Genetically most similar to A. percivali (Janecek et al., 1991) with which it occurs sympatrically (Neal, 1983, for example, studied the breeding patterns in both species from the same locality in C Kenya); Denys et al. (1994) noted a close similarity in molar patterns between the two species. Specimens of nubilus are larger and longer-tailed than wilsoni and may represent a separate species; de Beaux's (1934) description of boronei recalls nubilus. Those two names possibly represent the closely related A. percivali, which has a longer tail relative to head and body length than does A. wilsoni. The need to revise the A. wilson... [truncated]	Wilsons Spiny mouse
13001020	Deomys	Thomas 1888	GENUS					Deomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1888 p.130	Deomys ferrugineus Thomas, 1888.				Described by Thomas (1888c:132) as a unique member of a "special section" within Muridae (Deomyes) with molar traits intermediate between cricetines and murines. A year later, Lydekker (1889) referred Deomys to the Deomyinae; subsequently, Thomas (1896) placed Deomys in the Dendromurinae, and with the exception of Ellerman, (1941), there it remained until the 1990s (see historical discussions in Rosevear, 1969, and Carleton and Musser, 1984). The morphological traits of Deomys do not fit well in the Dendromurinae (Carleton and Musser, 1984; Rosevear, 1969), which influenced Ellerman (1941) to propose Deomyinae (primarily because of its peculiar and morphologically primitive conformation of the zygomatic plate) to contain the genus (Ellerman listed Thomass Deomyes as a synonym and was apparently unaware of Lydekkers Deomyinae). Recent DNA-DNA hybridization experiments (Denys et al., 1995) and phylogenetic analyses of mtDNA cytochrome b ... [truncated]	
13001027	Lophuromys ansorgei	De Winton 1896	SPECIES			ansorgei	Lophuromys	Lophuromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1896 p.607		manteufeli Matschie, 1911; pyrrhus Heller, 1911.	West Africa from lower reaches of the Congo River in E Dem. Rep. Congo (Boma, Kinshasa) and possibly S Cameroon, and in E Africa from Uganda through W Kenya to N Tanzania.		Subgenus Lophuromys, L. sikapusi species complex (W. Verheyen et al., 2000). Usually included in L. sikapusi, but regarded as a separate species by W. Verheyen et al. (1997, 2000). The species has yet to be fully revised and its geographic range delineated; the distribution recorded here is extracted from W. Verheyen et al. (1997, 2000). Geographic range of L. ansorgei either extends from East Africa along the northern and southern rim of the Congolese Central Forest Block to the lower reaches of the Congo River, or the range along the lower Congo is a remnant of a once more expansive distribution (W. Verheyen et al., 2000). Dieterlen (1987) discussed ansorgei and pyrrhus as subspecies of L. sikapusi.	Ansorges Brush-furred Rat
13001021	Deomys ferrugineus	Thomas 1888	SPECIES			ferrugineus		Deomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1888 p.130		christyi  Thomas, 1915; poensis Eisentraut, 1965; vandenberghei Rahm and W. Verheyen, 1960.	Uganda, Rwanda, Dem. Rep. Congo, SW Central African Republic, S Cameroon, Gabon, Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea (including Bioko).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Hatt (1940), Rosevear (1969), and Eisentraut (1973) provided informative descriptions and reviews. Lemire (1966) reported myological and skeletal interaction in mastication. Eisentraut (1973) provided color plate contrasting the reddish brown upperparts of mainland samples with the dark brown dorsum of poensis from Bioko. Rosevear (1969) described the range in variation in coloration of dorsal pelage (intense reddish brown to reddish brown with a blackish rump to dark brown or blackish over most of back and rump; Eisentrauts plate illustrated this variation) and the meaningless attempts to attach the names listed in synonymy to parts of that range. Kerbis Peterhans and Patterson (1995:329) included D. ferrugineus in their African guild of "waders" along with species of Malacomys and Colomys goslingi: "Without swimming and while perched on elongate hind feet, all three consume insects and other small animals in shallow forest streams and pools."	Congo Forest Rat
13001040	Lophuromys rahmi	Verheyen 1964	SPECIES			rahmi	Lophuromys	Lophuromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. vol.69 p.206			Montane forest in E Dem. Rep. Congo (Kivu) and Rwanda above 1800 m; limits unknown, probably a montane Western Rift endemic.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Lophuromys. Distributional and biological information summarized by W. Verheyen (1964a), Van der Straeten and W. Verheyen (1983), and Dieterlen (1976b, 1987).	Rahms Brush-furred Rat
13400026	Georychus	Illiger 1811	GENUS					Georychus	Bathyergidae	Rodentia	Prodr. Syst. mamm. Avium. p.87	Mus capensis Pallas, 1778.	Fossor Lichtenstein, 1844; Georhychus Wagner, 1843; Georrychus Minding, 1829.				
13001022	Lophuromys	Peters 1874	GENUS					Lophuromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin p.234	Lasiomys afer Peters, 1866 (= Mus sikapusi Temminck, 1853).	Kivumys Dieterlen, 1987; Lasiomys Peters, 1866 [not Burmeister, 1854]; Neanthomys Toschi, 1946.			Because Lasiomys is preoccupied by Burmeisters Lasiomys, Peters proposed Lophuromys with the same type species. Dieterlen (1976b, 1987) arranged the species into subgenera Lophuromys and Kivumys; the latter apparently represents a separate monophyletic group (containing L. luteogaster, L. medicaudatus, and L. woosnami) that may eventually be elevated to generic rank. Neanthomys was based on a specimen missing the tail; see Lavrenchenko et al. (1998b) for additional discussion and references. Most changes from the 10 or 11 species recognized by G. M. Allen (1930) and Ellerman (1941) to the five listed by Misonne (1974), the 10 in Musser and Carleton (1993), and the 21 acknowledged here result from the contributions of Dieterlen (1976b, 1987), F. Petter (1972d), W. Verheyen et al. (1996a, 1997, 2000, 2002) and Lavrechenko et al. (1998b); the overall systematic revision of L... [truncated]	
13001023	Lophuromys	Peters 1874	SUBGENUS				Lophuromys	Lophuromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin p.234	Lasiomys afer Peters, 1866 (= Mus sikapusi Temminck, 1853).					
13001024	Kivumys	Dieterlen 1987	SUBGENUS				Kivumys	Lophuromys	Muridae	Rodentia							
13001025	Lophuromys aquilus	True 1892	SPECIES			aquilus	Lophuromys	Lophuromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. vol.15 p.460		cinereus  Dieterlen and Gelmroth, 1974; laticeps Thomas and Wroughton, 1907; major Thomas and Wroughton, 1907; margarettae Heller, 1912; rita Dollman, 1910; rubecula Dollman, 1909.	Lowland and montane habitats from NE Angola (Crawford-Cabral, 1998) throughout the Dem. Rep. Congo, Rwanda (Corti et al., 2000; Monfort, 1992) and Burundi (Maddalena et al., 1989) to Uganda (Delaney, 1975), Kenya (Hollister, 1919; except montane habitats on Aberdare Range and Mt Kenya; see account of L. zena), and south through Tanzania (Swinnerton and Hayman, 1951; except Mt Meru; see account of L. verhageni) to Malawi (Ansell and Dowsett, 1988), N Zambia (Ansell, 1978), and NE Mozambique (Smithers and Lobão Tello, 1976); recorded as either L. aquilus or L. flavopunctatus in faunal accounts.	IUCN  Data Deficient as L. cinereus.	<p>Subgenus Lophuromys, L. aquilus species group (W. Verheyen et al., 2002). Described as a species, which was recognized in early checklists (G. M. Allen, 1939; Ellerman, 1940d), but subsequently included in L. flavopunctatus (Misonne, 1974; Musser and Carleton, 1993). Analyses of morphometric traits and mtDNA cytochrome b sequences by W. Verheyen et al. (2002) demonstrated the conspecificity of the synonyms with L. aquilus and definition of the species relative to others in the L. flavopunctatus complex of species. Geographic samples of L. aquilus form a monophyletic clade most closely related to a clade containing the Ethiopian L. brunneus and L. chrysopus, and Kenyan L. zena, both clusters considered to be members of the L. aquilus species group (W. Verheyen et al., 2002). Maddalena et al. (1989) reported chromosomal data for Burundi sample. Three-dimensional geometric morphometrics was used by Cort... [truncated]	Dark-colored Brush-furred Rat
13001026	Lophuromys angolensis	W. Verheyen, Dierckx, and Hulselmans 2000	SPECIES			angolensis	Lophuromys	Lophuromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Bull. Inst. Roy. Sci. Nat. Belgique, Biol. vol.70 p.255			Lowland tropical evergreen rain forest and mountain forest (disturbed and highly disturbed secondary and primary formations) along rim of C rainforest block in SW Dem. Rep. Congo (500 m), and W highlands of Angola (1000-2600 m); see W. Verheyen et al. (2000).		Subgenus Lophuromys, L. sikapusi species group (W. Verheyen et al., 2000). W. Verheyen et al. (2000) documented significant morphometric differences between L. angolensis and samples of L. sikapusi and L. ansorgei as revealed by univariate and multivariate analyses, but noted the lack of qualitative morphological distinctions between L. angolensis and the other two. Reviewed by Crawford-Cabral (1998) as L. sikapusi.	Angolan Brush-furred Rat
13001052	Brachiones przewalskii	Büchner 1889	SPECIES			przewalskii		Brachiones	Muridae	Rodentia	Wiss. Res. Przewalski Cent.-Asian Reisen., Zool. vol.I:(Säugeth.) p.51		arenicolor  Miller, 1900; callichrous Heptner, 1934.	China, deserts from N Xinjiang through N Gansu to W Nei Mongol north of the Tien Shan (see Wang, 2003, and Zhang et al., 1997).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Corbet (1978c) and Pavlinov et al. (1990).	Przewalskis Jird
13001053	Desmodilliscus	Wettstein 1916	GENUS					Desmodilliscus	Muridae	Rodentia	Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien vol.53 p.153	Desmodilliscus braueri Wettstein, 1916.				Tribe Gerbillini, Subtribe Desmodilliscina. Evolutionary history as represented by fossils extends back to the Holocene of East Africa (Denys, 1999).	
13001028	Lophuromys brevicaudus	Osgood 1936	SPECIES			brevicaudus	Lophuromys	Lophuromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Zool. Ser. Field Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.20 p.241			Endemic to SC Ethiopian highlands on east side of Ethiopian Rift Valley between 2400 and 3750 m; recorded from the Chilalo and Gedeb Mtns by Osgood (1936) and from the Bale Mtns by Lavrenchenko et al. (1998b).		<p>Subgenus Lophuromys, L. flavopunctatus species group (Lavrenchenko et al., 1998b, 2000). Described as a distinctive species (Osgood, 1936), but later included in L. flavopunctatus (Misonne, 1974; Yalden et al., 1976, 1996). Allozymic (Lavrenchenko et al., 2000), chromosomal (Aniskin et al., 1997), and morphological and morphometric data (Lavrenchenko et al., 1998b; W. Verheyen et al., 2002) separate brevicaudus as a species. Lavrenchenko et al. (1998b) noted that L. brevicauda is diurnal and one of the most common small mammals occurring in the Erica-Hypericum heath zone (3170-3750 m) in the Harenna Forest on southern slopes of the Bale Mtns. At about 3500 m, L. brevicaudas range narrowly overlaps lower margin of the altitudinal distribution of L. melanonyx. At the lower end of L. brevicaudas altitudinal range, between 2400 and 2760 m in the Schefflera-Hagenia belt on southern slope o... [truncated]	Short-tailed Brush-furred Rat
13001066	Dipodillus mackilligini	Thomas 1904	SPECIES			mackilligini	Petteromys	Dipodillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.14 p.158			E desert of S Egypt (see Osborn and Helmy, 1980) and probably adjacent Sudan.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Gerbillus mackillingini.	Subgenus Petteromys. Although some authors have placed this species with D. nanus (Corbet, 1978c; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; F. Petter, 1975b), Osborn and Helmy (1980) demonstrated its specific distinction. Reviewed by Pavlinov et al. (1990).	Mackilligins Dipodil
13001029	Lophuromys brunneus	Thomas 1906	SPECIES			brunneus	Lophuromys	Lophuromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.18 p.305		simensis  Osgood, 1936.	Endemic to S Ethiopia on highlands west of the Rift Valley, from the Simien Mtns in the north to Manno-Jimma in the south (see specimens examined in W. Verheyen et al., 2002).		Subgenus Lophuromys, L. aquilus species group (W. Verheyen et al., 2002). Originally described as a subspecies of L. aquilus, later allocated to L. flavopunctatus as a probable synonym of L. f. zaphiri (Osgood, 1936), and included in L. flavopunctatus until now (Misonne, 1974; Musser and Carleton, 1993; Yalden et al., 1976, 1996). Morphometric analyses by W. Verheyen et al. (2002) indicated brunneus to be a species distinct from all the other Ethiopian Lophuromys except the Ethiopian L. chrysopus to which it is closely related, and that simensis is likely a synonym. Lavrenchenko et al. (1998b) speculated that simensis may represent a separate species in the Simien Mtns. See account of L. chrysopus.	Thomass Ethiopian Brush-furred Rat
13001030	Lophuromys chrysopus	Osgood 1936	SPECIES			chrysopus	Lophuromys	Lophuromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Zool. Ser. Field Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.20 p.242			Endemic to Ethiopia in montane forests of the E and W plateaus (separated by the Ethiopian Rift Valley); probably occurs in most forests of the SW mountains (Lavrenchenko et al., 1998b).		Subgenus Lophuromys, L. aquilus species group (W. Verheyen et al., 2002). Described as a subspecies of L. aquilus by Osgood (1936) but subsequently included in L. flavopunctatus (Yalden et al., 1976, 1996). Allozymic, chromosomal, as well as morphological and morphometric data (Aniskin et al., 1997; Lavrenchenko et al., 1998b, 2000; W. Verheyen et al., 2002 ) distinguish chrysopus as a separate species from both L. flavopunctatus and L. brevicaudus. The chromosomal composition alone signaled the distinctness of chrysopus (2n = 54, FN = 60, as contrasted with 2n = 68, FN = 78 for brevicaudus; and 2n = 68 for flavopunctatus; Aniskin et al., 1997). Differences between samples from E and W plateaus in morphometrics, pelage coloration, and distribution of B-chromosomes suggest some geographic differentiation in L. chrysopus (Lavrenchenko et al., 1998b). Morphometric analyses place L. chrysopus ... [truncated]	Ethiopian Forest Brush-furred Rat
13001031	Lophuromys dieterleni	W. Verheyen, Hulselmans, Colyn, and Hutterer 1997	SPECIES			dieterleni	Lophuromys	Lophuromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Bull. Inst. Roy. Sci. Nat. Belgique, Biol. vol.67 p.173			Recorded by five specimens collected in 1967 from the type locality, an isolated patch of forest on Mt. Oku (W. Verheyen et al., 1997).		Subgenus Lophuromys, L. aquilus species group (W. Verheyen et al., 2002). Apparently phylogenetically most closely allied with L. eisentrauti from nearby Mt Lefo (W. Verheyen et al., 1997). Holotypes of L. eisentrauti, L. dieterleni, Mt Elgon L. rubecula, and montane Kenyan L. zena cluster with samples of L. chrysopus, suggesting all represent the same species, a possibility requiring testing by analyses of morphometric, chromosomal, and molecular variation in geographic samples from the region between Ethiopia and the Cameroon and Kenyan highlands. Morphometric and morphological comparisons between L. dieterleni and samples of L. eisentrauti, L. sikapusi, L. flavopunctatus, and L. ansorgei documented by W. Verheyen et al. (1997). An example of L. sikapusi has been collected at the base of Mt Oku and that species may prove to be sympatric with L. dieterleni (W. Verheye... [truncated]	Mount Oku Brush-furred Rat
13001032	Lophuromys dudui	W. Verheyen, Hulselmans, Dierckx, and E. Verheyen 2002	SPECIES			dudui	Lophuromys	Lophuromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Bull. Inst. Roy. Sci. Nat. Belgique, Biol. vol.72 p.147		Subgenus Lophuromys , L. aquilus species group (W. Verheyen et al., 2002). A distinct species defined by clear morphometric and molecular traits. Populations on left bank of the Congo River near Kisangani represent L. aquilus.	Dem. Rep. Congo, lowland tropical evergreen rainforest on right side of Congo River from Kisangani area east to W foothills of the Western Rift Mtns, from the Garamba-Blukwa-Djugu region in NE Dem. Rep. Congo to Irangi in the south (details and localities provided by W. Verheyen et al., 2002).			Dudus Brush-furred Rat
13001033	Lophuromys eisentrauti	Dieterlen 1978	SPECIES			eisentrauti	Lophuromys	Lophuromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Bonn. Zool. Beitr. vol.29 p.296			An isolated patch of montane forest on Mt Lefo and so far recorded only from the type locality.		Subgenus Lophuromys, L. aquilus species group (W. Verheyen et al., 2000). Dieterlen (1979b) described eisentrauti as a subspecies of L. sikapusi but Hutterer et al. (1992a) were so impressed by the small body size of eisentrauti ("a dwarf form") relative to that of L. sikapusi from the surrounding region that they raised it to the rank of species. A morphometric revision of Lophuromys from the mountain forest archipelago of W Cameroon and SE Nigeria corroborated the specific status of eisentrauti and identified L. dieterleni, endemic to nearby Mt Oku in the Gotel Mtns, as its closest phylogenetic relative (W. Verheyen et al., 1997). See account of L. dieterleni.	Mount Lefo Brush-furred Rat
13001047	Uranomys ruddi	Dollman 1909	SPECIES			ruddi		Uranomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.4 p.552		acomyoides  Ingoldby, 1929; foxi Thomas, 1912; oweni Thomas, 1910; shortridgei Hayman, 1953; tenebrosus Hinton, 1921; ugandae Heller, 1911; woodi Hinton, 1921.	Savannas in Senegal (Duplantier and Granjon, 1992), Guinea (Ziegler et al., 2002), Côte dIvoire, Sierra Leone, Ghana (Decher and Bahian, 1999; Ryan and Attuquayefio, 2000), Togo, N Nigeria, N Cameroon, NE Dem. Rep. Congo, SW Ethiopia (Lavrenchenko, 1993; Yalden et al., 1996), Uganda (Delany, 1975; Hollister, 1919), Kenya, Tanzania (W. Verheyen, pers. comm.), C Mozambique Smithers and Lobão Tello, 1976), Malawi (Ansell and Dowsett, 1988), and SE Zimbabwe (Smithers and Wilson, 1979); see G. M. Allen (1939), Lavrenchenko (1993), Misonne (1974), and Rosevear (1969); limits unknown.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>Chromosomal data presented by Viegas-Péquignot et al. (1983) in context of chromosomal phylogeny of selected murines; protein electrophoretic data analysed by Iskandar and Bonhomme (1984). Karyotype of Senegal sample reported by Granjon et al. (1992). Karyotypes are geographically variable: 2n = 50 in Senegal, 2n = 58 in Côte dIvoire, and 2n = 52 in Central African Republic, suggesting that more than one species is represented. Furthermore, specimens of shortridgei are darker than the others and have much larger molars. Ingoldby (1929) was impressed with the traits of acomyoides, which he named as a species, and he pointed out the orthodont configuration of its incisors, which contrasted with the proodont facies of all the other named forms. The significance of geographic variation in fur color, craniodental traits, and chromosomal characteristics has to be assessed in a systematic revision of the genus, which should also employ data from DNA sequences.</p><p>The Ethi... [truncated]	Rudds Bristle-furred Rat
13001034	Lophuromys flavopunctatus	Thomas 1888	SPECIES			flavopunctatus	Lophuromys	Lophuromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1888 p.14		giaquintoi (Toschi, 1946); zaphiri Thomas, 1906.	Endemic to Ethiopian plateau west of the Rift Valley (Osgood, 1936; W. Verheyen et al., 2002).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Lophuromys, L. flavopunctatus species group (W. Verheyen et al., 2002). Originally described as a species, which later came to embrace Ethiopian brunneus, simensis, and zaphiri (Osgood, 1936; G. M. Allen, 1939; Ellerman, 1941), and eventually a dozen taxa representing a geographic range with an isolated segment in highlands of Ethiopia, and a vast distribution outside of that region, extending from NE Angola through the Congo basin to Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, and south to Malawi, N Zambia and N Mozambique (Dieterlen, 1976b; Misonne, 1974; Musser and Carleton, 1993). The peculiar range and appreciable morphological variation among samples prompted Musser and Carleton (1993) to suggest that more than one species was present, which has been demonstrated by recent analyses of allozymic (Lavrenchenko et al., 2000), chromosomal (Aniskin et al., 1997), and morphological, morphometric, and molecular data (Lavrenchenko et al., 1998b</... [truncated]	Ethiopian Buff-spotted Brush-furred Rat
13001035	Lophuromys huttereri	W. Verheyen, Colyn, and Hulselmans 1996	SPECIES			huttereri	Lophuromys	Lophuromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Bull. Inst. Roy. Sci. Nat. Belgique, Biol. vol.66 p.255			N Dem. Rep. Congo; equatorial lowland tropical rain forest between 300 and 450 m on left side of Congo River between Lualaba and Lomami Rivers, and west of the Lomami River to Ndele.		Subgenus Lophuromys; closely related to L. nudicaudus, which is found on the right side of the Congo River (see that account). Morphological and morphometric contrasts among L. huttereri, L. nudicaudus, and L. sikapusi documented by W. Verheyen et al. (1996a), who also mapped the distribution and discussed how the range of L. huttereri is concordant with the South-Central zoogeographic faunal region.	Hutterers Brush-furred Rat
13001036	Lophuromys luteogaster	Hatt 1934	SPECIES			luteogaster	Kivumys	Lophuromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.708 p.4			NE and E Dem. Rep. Congo (Medje, Irangi, Bafwasende, and Tungula; Dieterlen, 1987); limits unknown.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Kivumys. W. Verheyen et al. (1996a:250) referred to a "L.woosnami-luteogaster species-complex." Redescribed by W. Verheyen (1964c), who noted that skull of holotype is an L. aquilus (discussed as flavopunctatus) but the skin does represent the species named by Hatt, and both skin and skull of the paratype are luteogaster; earlier, Osgood (1936:244) had identified the holotype as being a mismatch: "Although the skin is unique among Lophuromys, the skull is perfectly normal for a member of the aquilus group." Additional descriptions and references to this poorly known species were summarized by Dieterlen (1975, 1976b, 1987).	Buff-bellied Brush-furred Rat
13001037	Lophuromys medicaudatus	Dieterlen 1975	SPECIES			medicaudatus	Kivumys	Lophuromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Bonn. Zool. Beitr. vol.26 p.295			Montane forests of Kivu highlands in E Dem. Rep. Congo and Rwanda above 2000 m (Dieterlen, 1987); a montane Western Rift endemic.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Kivumys. Information summarized by Dieterlen (1975, 1976b, 1987).	Western Rift Brush-furred Rat
13001080	Gerbilliscus inclusus	Thomas and Wroughton 1908	SPECIES			inclusus	Taterona	Gerbilliscus	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1908 p.169		cosensi  (Kershaw, 1921); pringlei (Hubbard, 1970).	E Zimbabwe (Smithers and Wilson, 1979), C Mozambique (north of Zambezi River; Smithers and Lobao Tello, 1976) to NE Tanzania (Swynnerton and Hayman, 1951, as T. leucogaster cosensi).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Tatera inclusa.	Subgenus Taterona. Taxonomy and geographic range summarized by Meester et al. (1986), who listed the species in G. afra group. Southern African population reviewed by Perrin (1997i) and Skinner and Smithers (1990).	Gorongoza Gerbil
13600068	Hylomys suillus subsp. tionis	Chasen 1940	SUBSPECIES		tionis	suillus		Hylomys	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha							
13001038	Lophuromys melanonyx	F. Petter 1972	SPECIES			melanonyx	Lophuromys	Lophuromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Mammalia vol.36 p.177			S and C Ethiopia, west of the Ethiopian Rift Valley (Dieterlen, 1987), and in the Bale Mtns, east of the Rift Valley, 3100-4050 m.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Lophuromys, L. flavopunctatus species group (Lavrenchenko et al., 1998b, 2000). Endemic to Afro-alpine moorland of Ethiopia, where it shares habitat with the other moorland specialists Stenocephalemys albocaudata, Arvicanthis blicki, Tachyoryctes macrocephalus, and Otomys typus (Demeter and Topal, 1982; Rupp, 1980; Yalden, 1988; Yalden and Largen, 1992; Yalden et al., 1976). Lower portion of L. melanonyxs range overlaps that of L. brevicauda (Lavrenchenko et al., 1998b). Statistical summary of external measurements for large series of L. melanonyx reported by Sillero-Zubiri (1995a). Karyotype documented by Aniskin et al. (1997) and Corti et al. (1995). Habitat preferences, abundance, and biomass of this species along with others in the Bale Mtns and their relevance to the endangered Ethiopian wolf (Canis simensis) documented by Sillero-Zubiri et al. (1995c). See account of L. ... [truncated]	Black-clawed Brush-furred Rat
13001039	Lophuromys nudicaudus	Heller 1911	SPECIES			nudicaudus	Lophuromys	Lophuromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Smithson. Misc. Coll. vol.56 17 p.11		afer  (Tullberg, 1893) [not Peters, 1866: see Rosevear, 1969:304]; naso Thomas, 1911; parvulus Eisentraut, 1965; tullbergi Matschie, 1911 [see Rosevear, 1969].	Lowland tropical evergreen rainforest, usually below 700 m, from S Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (including Bioko), Gabon, Republic of Congo, SW Central African Republic, and N Dem. Rep. Congo (Orientale), between the Ubangui River in the west and the Aruwimi River in the east; Basoko, 01E13' N, 23E35' E, near the confluence of the Aruwimi River with the Congo, is the easternmost record. Despite intensive survey, L. nudicaudus is not found on the right side of the Congo River between mouth of the Aruwimi River and Kisangani to the southeast); elsewhere it occurs only on right side of Congo River. Distribution concordant with the West-Central and Cameroon zoogeographic faunal regions (W. Verheyen et al., 1996a).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Lophuromys. Most closely related to L. huttereri from the left side of the Congo River in N Dem. Rep. Congo (W. Verheyen et al., 1996a). Included in L. sikapusi by Misonne (1974), but is a distinct species; L. sikapusi and L. nudicaudus occur together in the same region in W Africa. Rosevear (1969) discussed traits distinguishing the two species and the taxonomic history of samples in West Africa. W. Verheyen et al. (1996a) summarized taxonomic history of the two species (and allocations of the taxa associated with them), and morphological and morphometric analyses that distinguish them. Dieterlen (1978b) explained why naso is a synonym. Eisentraut (1965) described parvulus as a subspecies of L. sikapusi but Rosevear (1969) included it in L. nudicaudus. W. Verheyen et al. (1996a) endorsed the synonymy of naso with L. nudicaudus and synonymized parvulus with <i... [truncated]	Fire-bellied Brush-furred Rat
13001041	Lophuromys roseveari	W. Verheyen, Hulselmans, Colyn, and Hutterer 1997	SPECIES			roseveari	Lophuromys	Lophuromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Bull. Inst. Roy. Sci. Nat. Belgique, Biol. vol.67 p.167			Endemic to Mt Cameroon, 1000-3100 m.		Subgenus Lophuromys, L. sikapusi-ansorgei species group (W. Verheyen et al., 1997). Rosevear (1969:305) had one example of this species and described it under "Lophuromys sp." W. Verheyen et al. (1997:172) concluded that L. roseveari is distinct from L. sikapusi inhabiting lowland forests and the other montane forest patches in the montane forest archipelago of the adjacent Nigeria-Cameroon region. They cautioned that "in view of the considerable morphometrical differences also encountered between the studied OTUs [Gabon, Republic of Congo, Central African Republic, N Cameroon, representing sikapusi], we expect that the exact systematical position of the Mount Cameroun form will only become clear within a continent-wide revision of the Lophuromys sikapusi-ansorgei complex." Other small mammals also recorded only from montane habitats on Mt Cameroon are the shrews Sylvisorex morio and Crocidura eisentrauti and the otomyine ... [truncated]	Mount Cameroon Brush-furred Rat
13001042	Lophuromys sikapusi	Temminck 1853	SPECIES			sikapusi	Lophuromys	Lophuromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Esquisses Zool. sur la Côte de Guine p.160		afer (Peters, 1866) [not Tullberg, 1893].	From Sierra Leone through Ghana and S Nigeria to Republic of Congo, Gabon, Cameroon, and Central African Republic; eastern limits unresolved (see W. Verheyen et al., 1997, 2000, for range east of Ghana).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Lophuromys, L. sikapusi species complex. Phylogenetically most closely allied with L. angolensis and L. ansorgei (see those accounts). Inclusion of afer in L. sikapusi documented by W. Verheyen et al. (1997). West African samples reviewed by Rosevear (1969). Chromosomal information summarized by Gautun et al. (1986). Grubb et al. (1998) reviewed Ghana and Sierra Leone populations. Three-dimensional geometric morphometrics was employed to investigate growth patterns and differences in size and shape of the skull in samples of L. sikapusi from Côte dIvoire, L. aquilus (discussed under flavopunctatus) from Rwanda, and L. woosnami (Corti et al., 2000).	Rusty-bellied Brush-furred Rat
13001043	Lophuromys verhageni	W. Verheyen, Hulselmans, Dierckx, and E. Verheyen 2002	SPECIES			verhageni	Lophuromys	Lophuromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Bull. Inst. Roy. Sci. Nat. Belgique, Biol. vol.72 p.153			Endemic to Mt Meru, 2600-3050 m (see W. Verheyen et al., 2002).		Subgenus Lophuromys, L. aquilus species group (W. Verheyen et al., 2002). Defined by morphometric data and mtDNA cytochrome b sequences, and phylogenetically most closely related to L. aquilus.	Verhagens Brush-furred Rat
13001126	Gerbillus poecilops	Yerbury and Thomas 1895	SPECIES			poecilops	Hendecapleura	Gerbillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1895 p.549			Yemen and SW Saudi Arabia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Hendecapleura. A valid species reviewed by Harrison and Bates (1991) and Pavlinov et al. (1990). Volobouev et al. (1995a) analyzed R- and C-banding of chromosomes from G. poecilops, G. nanus, and G. henleyi and concluded that all three were derived from the same ancestor. Furthermore, G. poecilops is the most plesiomorphic and appears to be a "living fossil" isolated in the coastal mountain ranges of the Red Sea in Yemen and SW Saudi Arabia.	Large Aden Gerbil.
14000046	Felis manul subsp. nigripecta	Hodgson 1842	SUBSPECIES		nigripecta	manul		Felis	Felidae	Carnivora							
13001044	Lophuromys woosnami	Thomas 1906	SPECIES			woosnami	Kivumys	Lophuromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.18 p.146		prittiei  Thomas, 1911.	E Dem. Rep. Congo, W Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi; a montane Western Rift endemic.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Kivumys. The impressive genetic differences between this species and L. flavopunctatus prompted W. Verheyen et al. (1986) to suggest that the two belong in at least separate subgenera, reflecting Dieterlen's (1976b) earlier conclusion based on morphology. Later, Dieterlen (1987) proposed the subgenus Kivumys for the species. Chromosomal data for sample from Burundi reported by Maddalena et al. (1989). Corti et al. (2000) used three-dimensional geometric morphometrics to study cranial growth patterns, size, and shape in samples representing L. aquilus (reported as flavopunctatus), L. sikapusi, and L. woosnami. Growth patterns were parallel among the species, no significant sexual dimorphism in shape was discovered, and the primary shape difference set L. aquilus and L. sikapusi apart from L. woosnami, reflecting the chromosomal data and Dieterlens subgeneric partitioning. Altitudinal dis... [truncated]	Woosnams Brush-furred Rat
13001045	Lophuromys zena	Dollman 1909	SPECIES			zena	Lophuromys	Lophuromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.4 p.550			Recorded only from montane habitats in the Aberdare Range and on Mt Kenya in S Kenya (W. Verheyen et al., 2002).		Subgenus Lophuromys, L. aquilus species group (W. Verheyen et al., 2002). Originally described as a species, later treated as a subspecies of L. aquilus (G. M. Allen, 1939; Ellerman, 1941), and finally included in synonymy of L. flavopunctatus (Misonne, 1974; Musser and Carleton, 1993). Recent analyses of morphometric data and mtDNA cytochrome b sequences distinguish the montane Aberdare Range and Mt Kenya samples as a separate and distinct species from all the other samples formerly included in either L. aquilus or L. flavopunctatus, and identifies samples from lower slopes of those mountains as L. aquilus (W. Verheyen et al., 2002). Morphometric analyses place L. zena in a clade with Ethiopian L. chrysopus and L. brunneus separate from the clade containing geographic samples of L. aquilus (W. Verheyen et al., 2002). Holotypes of L eisentrauti, L. dieterleni, Mt Elgon L. rubecula,<... [truncated]	Zenas Brush-furred Rat
13001046	Uranomys	Dollman 1909	GENUS					Uranomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.4 p.551	Uranomys ruddi Dollman, 1909.				Dollman (1909) noted that pelage traits of Uranomys indicated close relationship to Lophuromys but cranial structure resembled the Ethiopian Muriculus (related to Mus). In its combination of external, cranial, and dental traits, Uranomys is phylogenetically distant from Muriculus but is closely related to Lophuromys and Acomys (Denys and Michaux, 1992; Denys et al., 1992; Heim de Balsac, 1963; Heim de Balsac and Lamotte, 1958; Heller, 1911; Hinton, 1921; Ingoldby, 1929; Misonne, 1969; Rosevear, 1969; Thomas, 1910d). Cladistic affinity of the three is also substantiated by the extensive biochemical, molecular, and chromosomal studies cited in the subfamily account. A cladistic analysis of morphological traits by Hutterer et al. (1988) aligned Uranomys and Acomys with the extinct Malpaisomys from the Canary Isls, but Montgelard (1992) presented immunological data demonstrating that Malpaisomys is p... [truncated]	
13001088	Gerbillurus	Shortridge 1942	SUBGENUS				Gerbillurus	Gerbillurus	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. S. Afr. Mus. vol.36 1 p.52	Gerbillus vallinus Thomas, 1918.					
13001048	Gerbillinae	Gray 1825	SUBFAMILY						Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Philos., n.s. vol.10 p.342		Ammodillini Pavlinov, 1981; Desmodilliscina Pavlinov, 1982; Gerbillina Gray, 1825 (Gerbillidae De Kay, 1842; Gerbillinae Alston, 1876; Gerbillina Pavlinov, 1982; Gerbillini Pavlinov, 1982); Gerbillurina Pavlinov, 1982; Merionina Brandt, 1844 (Merionides Giebel, 1855; Merionidinae Schmidtlein, 1893; Merioninae Heptner, 1933); Pachyuromyina Pavlinov, 1982; Rhombomyinae Heptner, 1933 (Rhombomyini Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987; Rhombomyina Pavlinov, Dubrovskii, Rossollimo, and Potapova, 1990); Taterillinae Chalin, Mein and F. Petter, 1977 (Taterillina Pavlinov, 1982).			<p>Whether viewed as a subfamily of Cricetidae or Muridae (Alston, 1876; Carleton and Musser, 1984; Ellerman, 1941; McKenna and Bell, 1997; Miller and Gidley, 1918; Musser and Carleton, 1993; Simpson, 1945; Thomas, 1896) or a separate family (Chaline et al., 1977; Pavlinov et al., 1990, 1995a; Reig, 1980; Wessels, 1998, 1999), species of gerbils form a distinct group defined by a suite of derived morphological traits. In a series of reports, Pavlinov (1980a, 1981a, b, 1982a, 1984b, 1985, 1986, 1987, 2001) presented analyses of skeletal, dental, and male genital characters of gerbils and developed a hypothesis of their phylogeny and a classification. The monograph by Pavlinov et al. (1990) represents a culmination of these efforts, in which the phylogeny, species classification, morphology, ecology, and geographical distribution of the genera and species in Gerbillinae are comprehensively reviewed. They recognized the family Gerbillidae, ... [truncated]	
13001049	Ammodillus	Thomas 1904	GENUS					Ammodillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.14 p.102	Gerbillus imbellis de Winton, 1898.				Tribe Ammodillini. Reviewed by Pavlinov (1981a), who was so impressed with its unique morphological traits that he proposed the monotypic tribe Ammodillini. The genus and single species were reviewed by Pavlinov et al. (1990), who expressed uncertainty whether Ammodillus should be placed in subfamily Taterillinae or Gerbillinae.	
13001050	Ammodillus imbellis	de Winton 1898	SPECIES			imbellis		Ammodillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.1 p.249			Somalia (Roche and Petter, 1968) and E Ethiopia (Yalden et al., 1976).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Reviewed by Roche and Petter (1968) and Pavlinov et al. (1990). Chromosomal traits documented by Capanna and Merani (1981).	Ammodile
13001051	Brachiones	Thomas 1925	GENUS					Brachiones	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.16 p.548	Gerbillus przewalskii Büchner, 1889.				Tribe Gerbillini, Rhombomyina. More closely related to Meriones than to any other genera; "just a specialized relative of Meriones" (Pavlinov, 2001).	
13001054	Desmodilliscus braueri	Wettstein 1916	SPECIES			braueri		Desmodilliscus	Muridae	Rodentia	Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien vol.53 p.153		buchanani  Thomas and Hinton, 1920; fuscus Setzer, 1969.	Recorded from Sahelian savanna in N and C Sudan, N Cameroon, S Niger, N Nigeria, C Mali, N Burkina Faso (Gautun et al., 1985), Senegal (Ba et al., 2000; Duplantier and Granjon, 1992), and W Mauritania (overall distributions reviewed by Hutterer and Dieterlen [1986] and Dobigny et al. [2002b]).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Taxonomically reviewed by Setzer (1969), who recognized three subspecies. A subsequent analysis of geographic distribution and variation in morphometric traits was provided by Hutterer and Dieterlen (1986), who noted the lack of significant sexual and geographic variation in the species. Notes on behavior, distribution, and population dynamics offered by Poulet (1984). Karyotype (2n = 76, FNa = 104) from Niger (Dobigny et al., 2002a) differs in diploid number (2n = 78) from a Senegal sample (Granjon et al., 1992).	Pouched Gerbil
13001055	Desmodillus	Thomas and Schwann 1904	GENUS					Desmodillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1904 2 p.6	Gerbillus auricularis Smith, 1834.				Tribe Taterillini, Subtribe Gerbillurina. A Southern African endemic represented by fossils through the Holocene to early Pliocene (Langebaanweg) of South Africa (Avery, 1998; Denys, 1999) and the Pleistocene of Namibia (Senut et al., 1992).	
13001056	Desmodillus auricularis	Smith 1834	SPECIES			auricularis		Desmodillus	Muridae	Rodentia	S. Afr. Quart. J., Ser. 2 vol.2 p.160		brevicaudatus  (F. Cuvier, 1838); caffer (Wagner, 1842); hoeschi Lehmann, 1955; pudicus Dollman, 1910; robertsi Lundholm, 1955; shortridgei Lundholm, 1955; wolfi Lehmann, 1955.	South Africa (Northern Cape and Western Cape Provs., SW Free State, and Gauteng), S Botswana, Namibia, and SW Angola (see Perrin, 1997a; Skinner and Smithers, 1990; Crawford-Cabral, 1998, reviewed and mapped the Angolan records).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Taxonomy and geographic distribution summarized by Meester et al. (1986). Ecology and distribution reviewed by Griffin (1990). Chromosomal traits documented by Qumsiyeh (1986) and compared with cytogenetic traits of southern African species of Gerbillurus and Gerbilliscus. Significance of differences in behavior patterns (Dempster et al., 1993) and acoustic repertoire (Dempster and Perrin, 1994) documented between D. auricularis and species of Gerbilliscus.	Cape Short-tailed Gerbil
13001065	Dipodillus lowei	Thomas and Hinton 1923	SPECIES			lowei	Petteromys	Dipodillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1923 p.261			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN  Critically Endangered as Gerbillus lowei.	Subgenus Petteromys. Synonymized with D. campestris by F. Petter (1975b) without supporting evidence, but should be kept separate pending revision of the genus (Lay, 1983). Associated with D. campestris by Pavlinov et al. (1990).	Lowes Dipodil
13001057	Dipodillus	Lataste 1881	GENUS					Dipodillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Le Naturalliste (Paris) vol.1 p.506	Gerbillus(Dipodillus) simoni Lataste, 1881.	Petteromys  Pavlinov, 1982.			Tribe Gerbillini, Subtribe Gerbillina. The species included here, all with hairless plantar surfaces, were all discussed by Lay (1983) under Gerbillus. Originally described as a subgenus of Gerbillus, Dipodillus has subsequently been treated that way (Ellerman, 1941; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; Lay, 1983; Musser and Carleton, 1993) or as a genus (G. M. Allen, 1939; Corbet, 1978c; Osborn and Helmy, 1980; Pavlinov, 2001; Pavlinov et al., 1990; F. Petter, 1975b; Qumsiyeh and Schlitter, 1991). We follow F. Petter, 1975b, Pavlinov et al. (1990) and Pavlinov (2001) in separating species of Dipodillus from those in Gerbillus. Osborn and Helmy (1980) provided tables and illustrations of morphological traits distinguishing the Egyptian species.	
13001058	Dipodillus	Lataste 1881	SUBGENUS				Dipodillus	Dipodillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Le Naturalliste (Paris) vol.1 p.506	Gerbillus(Dipodillus) simoni Lataste, 1881.					
13001059	Petteromys	Pavlinov 1982	SUBGENUS				Petteromys	Dipodillus	Muridae	Rodentia							
13001060	Dipodillus bottai	Lataste 1882	SPECIES			bottai	Petteromys	Dipodillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Le Naturaliste (Paris) vol.4 p.36			Recorded only from Sudan and Kenya.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Gerbillus bottai.	Subgenus Petteromys. F. Petter (1975b) listed harwoodi and bottai as species and considered luteolus as a synonym of D. campestris. Kock (1978) included luteolus and harwoodi in D. bottai. Lay (1983:339) claimed the holotype of harwoodi lacks an accessory tympanum but holotype of luteolus has an accessory tympanum, and cannot represent the same species. Lay had not examined the holotype of bottai and rendered the conclusion that "because of the middle ear characters one of the two forms listed by Kock (1978) cannot be synonymous, perhaps neither are." He preferred to regard D. bottai "as valid and monotypic pending revision," and listed harwoodi as a species and luteolus as a synonym of D. stigmonyx. Pavlinov et al. (1990) reviewed the species and discussed harwoodi, luteolus, and stigmonyx under D. bottai.	Bottas Dipodil
13001077	Gerbilliscus boehmi	Noack 1887	SPECIES			boehmi	Gerbilliscus	Gerbilliscus	Muridae	Rodentia	Zool. Jahrb. Syst. vol.2 p.241		fallax  (Thomas and Schwann, 1904); fraterculus (Thomas, 1898); varia (Heller, 1910).	E Angola (Crawford-Cabral, 1998, discussed the possible Angolan record), S Dem. Rep. Congo (Hatt, 1940a), N Zambia (Ansell, 1978), Malawi (Ansell and Dowsett, 1988), Tanzania (Swynerton and Hayman, 1951), Kenya (Hollister, 1919), and Uganda (Delany, 1975).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Tatera boehmi.	Subgenus Gerbilliscus. Reviewed by Davis (1975a) and Pavlinov et al. (1990); northeast African population revised by Bates (1988). The double-grooved incisors and fringed, white-tipped tail of G. boehmi are unique among species of Gerbilliscus, and these traits prompted Thomas (1896) to propose Gerbilliscus as a subgenus of Tatera to contain boehmi.	Boehms Gerbil
13001061	Dipodillus campestris	Loche 1867	SPECIES			campestris	Petteromys	Dipodillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Expl. Sci. Alg. Zool. Mamm. p.106		brunnescens  (Ranck, 1968); cinnamomeus Cabrera, 1922; dodsoni Thomas, 1913; gerbii (Loche, 1867) [nomen nudum, see Cockrum and Setzer, 1976]; haymani (Setzer, 1958); hilda (Thomas, 1918); minutus (Loche, 1867) [see Cockrum and Setzer, 1976]; patrizii de Beaux, 1932; quadrimaculatus (Lataste, 1882); riparius Cabrera, 1922; rozsikae Thomas, 1908; somalicus Thomas, 1910; venustus (Sundevall, 1843); wassifi Setzer, 1958.	N Africa, from Morocco to Egypt and Sudan.	IUCN  Critically Endangered as Gerbillus quadrimaculatus, Lower Risk (lc) as G. campestris.	Subgenus Petteromys. Nineteen species-group names have been associated with D. campestris by different authors in various combinations, as summarized by Lay (1983), who also noted that most opinions lacked supportive evidence and that some of the synonyms are unidentifiable or nomina nuda. Lay (1983) remarked that although most authors followed Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) in listing quadrimaculatus equivocally under G. nanus, it should be kept separate until a revision is available. Pavlinov et al. (1990) synonymized it with Dipodillus campestris and we follow their allocation. Musser and Carleton (1993) had allocated hilda to G. nanus, but it belongs here (Aulagnier, in litt.). Those names listed here are probably correctly associated with D. campestris, but the species requires refined definition through careful systematic revision. Different geographical populations were reviewed... [truncated]	North African Dipodil
13001062	Dipodillus dasyurus	Wagner 1842	SPECIES			dasyurus	Petteromys	Dipodillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Arch. Naturgesch. vol.8 p.20		dasyroides  Nehring, 1901; gallagheri (Harrison, 1971); leosollicitus (Lehmann, 1966); palmyrae (Lehman, 1966).	Arabian Peninsula, Iraq, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, Israel, Sinai, E desert of Egypt (see Harrison and Bates, 1991); also recorded from Turkey (Yi&#151;it et al., 1997).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Gerbillus dasyurus.	Subgenus Petteromys. Review of taxonomy, morphology, and distribution provided by Harrison and Bates (1991). Those authors also listed lixa as a synonym of D. dasyurus, but the holotype, a young animal, has an accessory tympanum and bare-soled hind feet, which is uncharacteristic of D. dasyurus but does suggest alliance with Gerbillus nanus (Lay, 1983). Egyptian population reviewed by Osborn and Helmy (1980), that on the Sinai Peninsula by Saleh and Basuony (1998), Yemen segment covered by Al-Jumaily (1998). Morphological, chromosomal, and ecological characteristics of the Turkish population documented by Yi&#151;it et al., 1997a), of the Israeli and Jordanian segments by Qumsiyeh (1996) and Mendelssohn and Yom-Tov (1999). Reviewed by Pavlinov et al. (1990). Fossils identified as D. dasyurus have been found at intermittent levels in the early to late Pleistocene of Israel (Tchernov, 1986, 1992, 1994, and references c... [truncated]	Wagners Dipodil
13001063	Dipodillus harwoodi	Thomas 1901	SPECIES			harwoodi	Petteromys	Dipodillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.8 p.275		luteus Dollman, 1914.	Kenya and Tanzania (see F. Petter, 1975b, and Swynnerton and Hayman, 1951).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Gerbillus harwoodi.	Subgenus Petteromys. Defined as a distinct species by Roche (1975). The relationship between this species and D. bottai requires resolution; see comments under account of D. bottai and the discussion by Pavlinov et al. (1990).	Harwoods Dipodil
13001064	Dipodillus jamesi	Harrison 1967	SPECIES			jamesi	Petteromys	Dipodillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Mammalia vol.31 p.383			Tunisia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Gerbillus jamesi.	Subgenus Petteromys. Recognized as valid by F. Petter (1975b), Lay (1983), and Pavlinov et al. (1990).	Jamess Dipodil
13001089	Paratatera	Petter 1983	SUBGENUS				Paratatera	Gerbillurus	Muridae	Rodentia							
13001067	Dipodillus maghrebi	Schlitter and Setzer 1972	SPECIES			maghrebi	Dipodillus	Dipodillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.84 p.387			Recorded only from the Fes region (between the coast and tip of Middle Atlas Mtns) in N Morocco where it is abundant (Aulagnier et al., 1993).	IUCN  Vulnerable as Gerbillus maghrebi.	Subgenus Dipodillus. A distinctive Moroccan endemic unrelated to D. simoni as Schlitter and Setzer (1972) proposed, but instead phylogenetically linked to D. campestris according to Lay (1983). Aulagnier et al. (1993) documented detailed cranial and dental comparisons between samples of D. maghrebi and those of sympatric D. campestris. Reviewed by Pavlinov et al. (1990).	Maghreb Dipodil
13001068	Dipodillus rupicola	Granjon, Aniskin, Volobouev, and Sicard 2002	SPECIES			rupicola	Petteromys	Dipodillus	Muridae	Rodentia	J. Zool. Lond. vol.256 p.183			Recorded only from the type locality.		Subgenus Petteromys. A distinctive species (2n = 52, FNa = 72) that is morphologically adapted to climb about on rocky outcrops and may be restricted to such habitats, which is unusual among species of Dipodillus and Gerbillus. Granjon et al. (2002a) described the species, compared it with others, and provided observations on habitat and behavior. The Rupicolous Dipodil is one of nine species of Gerbillus and Dipodillus occurring in a small area of the West African sahelian region located between SE Mauritania, N Mali, and W Niger. Dipodillus rupicola was found in close proximity to G. tarabuli, G. nigeriae, and G. henleyi, but only D. rupicola was caught on the rocks along with a species of Acomys, another rupicolous muroid. Granjon et al. (2002a) described rupicola as a Gerbillus but in the classification of Pavlinov et al. (1990), which we follow here, it would be placed in subge... [truncated]	Rupicolous Dipodil
13800026	Alionycteris paucidentata	Kock 1969	SPECIES			paucidentata		Alionycteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Senckenberg. Biol. vol.50 p.322			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN/SSC Bat Action Plan (1992)  Rare: Limited Distribution. IUCN 2003  Vulnerable.		Mindanao Pygmy Fruit Bat
13001069	Dipodillus simoni	Lataste 1881	SPECIES			simoni	Dipodillus	Dipodillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Le Naturaliste (Paris) vol.3 p.499		kaiseri  (Setzer, 1958).	Along the coast of Egypt (west of Nile Delta) and NE Libya, coastal and inland in NW Libya and Tunisia, and high plateau region of the Atlas in Algeria and E Morocco (see Cockrum et al., 1976).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Gerbillus simoni.	Subgenus Dipodillus. A distinctive species (Lay, 1983; Pavlinov et al., 1990) revised by Cockrum et al. (1976a) and reviewed by Pavlinov et al. (1990). Regional reviews are available for Egypt (Osborn and Helmy, 1980), Libya (Ranck, 1968), and Algeria (Kowalski and Rzebik-Kowalska, 1991). Although samples from coastal Egypt (kaiseri) have, on average, slightly longer tails, darker pelage, and smaller auditory bulla than do those from the western portion of the range (simoni), the variation is clinal east to west, prompting Cockrum et al. (1976a) to treat all populations as a single species. This interpretation was endorsed by Osborn and Helmy (1980) from their study of Egyptian samples and comparisons with data in the literature, and supports Wassifs (1956, 1960) earlier conclusion that kaiseri is synonymous with D. simoni. Chromosomal data summarized by Qumsiyeh and Schlitter (1991); karyotype (2n = 60, FN = 72) of Tunisian sample desc... [truncated]	Simons Dipodil
13001070	Dipodillus somalicus	Thomas 1910	SPECIES			somalicus	Petteromys	Dipodillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.5 p.197			Somalia (Lay, 1983) and Djibouti (Pearch et al., 2001).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Gerbillus somalicus.	Subgenus Petteromys. Included in D. campestris by F. Petter (1975b) and Pavlinov et al. (1990), but treated by Lay (1983) as a distinct species pending taxonomic revision.	Somalian Dipodil
13001071	Dipodillus stigmonyx	Heuglin 1877	SPECIES			stigmonyx	Petteromys	Dipodillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Reise in Nordost-Afrika vol.2 p.78		luteolus (Thomas, 1901).	Sudan.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Gerbillus stigmonyx.	Subgenus Petteromys. Listed as a synonym of G. campestris by F. Petter (1975b); retained as separate by Lay (1983) pending revisionary study.	Khartoum Dipodil
13001072	Dipodillus zakariai	Cockrum, Vaughn, and Vaughn` 1976	SPECIES			zakariai	Dipodillus	Dipodillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Mammalia vol.40 p.320			Recorded only from the Kerkennah Isls, off the Tunisian coast opposite the coastal city of Sfax.		Subgenus Dipodillus. Lay (1983) included zakariai in D. simoni but provided no reasons for doing so. Pavlinov et al. (1990) recognized it as a species. Cockrum et al. (1976a) provided adequate morphological data to support the hypothesis that zakariai is an insular species related to mainland D. simoni.	Kerkennah Islands Dipodil
13001073	Gerbilliscus	Thomas 1897	GENUS					Gerbilliscus	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1897 p.433	Gerbillus boehmi (Noack, 1887).	Taterona Wroughton, 1917.			<p>Tribe Taterillini, Subtribe Taterillina. Usually included as a subgenus of Tatera (Musser and Carleton, 1993, for example). Pavlinov (1981b, 2001) and Pavlinov et al. (1990) regarded true Tatera to consist only of the Asian species T. indica, initially placed all the African species in subgenera Gerbilliscus and Taterona (Pavlinov, 1981b), then separated Gerbilliscus as a genus (which included Taterona as a subgenus), and identified Taterillus as its closest relative. Pavlinovs phylogenetic analysis reflects the distinctive traits associated with auditory structures and occlusal pattern of m1 separating Asian from all African species and we follow his arrangement. African Gerbilliscus is also distinguished from Asian Tatera by humerus morphology (entepicondylar foramen present in Gerbilliscus, absent in Tatera; Bates, 1988) and karyotypes (2n = 36-52 in Gerbilliscus, 2n =... [truncated]	
13001074	Gerbilliscus	Thomas 1897	SUBGENUS				Gerbilliscus	Gerbilliscus	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1897 p.433	Gerbillus boehmi (Noack, 1887).					
13001075	Taterona	Wroughton 1917	SUBGENUS				Taterona	Gerbilliscus	Muridae	Rodentia							
13001090	Progerbillurus	Pavlinov 1982	SUBGENUS				Progerbillurus	Gerbillurus	Muridae	Rodentia							
13001076	Gerbilliscus afra	Gray 1830	SPECIES			afra	Taterona	Gerbilliscus	Muridae	Rodentia	Spicil. Zool. p.10		africanus  (Cuvier, 1838); caffer (Wagner, 1842); gilli (Roberts, 1929); schlegelii (Smuts, 1832).	Endemic to the Cape Macchia zone, Western Cape Province, South Africa (see Meester et al., 1986; Perrin, 1997g; Skinner and Smithers, 1990); recorded from fynbos and succulent Karoo biomes (Mugo et al., 1995).	IUCN  Least Concern as Tatera afra.	Subgenus Taterona. Taxonomy and distribution summarized by Meester et al. (1986), who listed the species in the G. afra group. Pre- and postmating isolation in karyotypically similar G. afra and G. brantsii is documented by Dempster (1996), who suggested "despite the lack of chromosomal divergence often associated with speciation events in rodents, postmating isolation through hybrid disadvantage and possibly male sterility is operating." Reviewed by Perrin (1997g).	Cape Gerbil
13001078	Gerbilliscus brantsii	Smith 1836	SPECIES			brantsii	Taterona	Gerbilliscus	Muridae	Rodentia	Rept. Exped. Exploring Central Africa p.43		breyeri  (Roberts, 1926); draco (Wroughton, 1906); griquae (Wroughton, 1906); humpatensis (Hill and Carter, 1937); joanae (Thomas, 1926); maccalinus (Sundevall, 1847); maputa (Roberts, 1936); miliaria (Wroughton, 1906); montanus (A. Smith, 1842); namaquensis (Shortridge and Carter, 1938); natalensis (Roberts, 1929); perpallida (Dollman, 1910); ruddi (Wroughton, 1906); tongensis (Roberts, 1931).	Subtropical and wooded grasslands of South Africa (most of country except southern region; see Perrin, 1997h; Skinner and Smithers, 1990; and Taylor, 1998), W Zimbabwe (Smithers and Wilson, 1979), Botswana (Smithers, 1971), C and E Namibia (Skinner and Smithers, 1990), S Angola (Crawford-Cabral, 1998), and SW Zambia (Ansell, 1978).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Tatera brantsii.	Subgenus Taterona. Taxonomy and distribution summarized by Meester et al. (1986), who assigned the species to the G. afra group. Geographic variation in protein and enzyme markers among samples from Lesotho was reported by Maurer et al. (1976). Pre- and postmating isolation in karyotypically identical G. afra and G. brantsii documented by Dempster (1996; see account of G. afra). The Angolan humpatensis was described as a species (Hill and Carter, 1937) but subsequently listed as a subspecies of G. brantsii (F. Petter, 1975b) or a possible subspecies of G. leucogaster (Crawford-Cabral, 1986), or simply included in G. brantsii (Pavlinov et al., 1990). Crawford-Cabral (1988, 1998) and Crawford-Cabral and Pacheco (1991) treated humpatensis as a relict species surviving only in the Humpata highlands, a view requiring better documentation. There is significant geographic variation in chromatic and morphologic... [truncated]	Highveld Gerbil
13001081	Gerbilliscus kempi	Wroughton 1906	SPECIES			kempi	Taterona	Gerbilliscus	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.17 p.375		beniensis  (Hatt, 1935); benvenuta (Hinton and Kershaw, 1920); dichrura (Thomas, 1915); dundasi (Wroughton, 1909); flavipes (Allen, 1914); gambiana (Thomas, 1910); giffardi (Wroughton, 1906); hopkinsoni (Thomas, 1911); lucia (Hinton and Kershaw, 1920); nigrita (Wroughton, 1906); ruwenzorii (Thomas and Wroughton, 1910); smithi (Wroughton, 1909); soror (Allen, 1914); welmani (St. Leger, 1929).	Throughout Subsaharan northern savannas from Senegal (Duplantier and Granyon, 1992, as gambiana) and Guinea (Mt Nimba) through Burkina Faso, S Mali (Meinig, 2000), Nigeria, S Niger, N Cameroon, S Chad, Central African Republic, S Sudan, S Ethiopia, Uganda, and NE Dem. Rep. Congo to SW Kenya (west of Eastern Rift Valley); see Bates (1988).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Tatera kempi.	Subgenus Taterona. Bates (1988) treated kempi as a subspecies of G. validus (as did Davis, 1975a), distinguishing it from validus by the different conformation of the anterior lamina (anteroconid) on first lower molar. The pattern in kempi is characteristic of all samples from the northern savanna (Senegal to SW Kenya), the configuration in validus typifies specimens from the southern savanna (Angola to S Kenya east of Rift Valley), a dichotomy also documented by F. Petter (1959) and Davis (1966, 1975a). For Bates, the two populations are geographically discrete and best treated as distinct subspecies, "although the exact rank in the taxonomic hierarchy of such allopatric populations is difficult to determine" (Bates, 1988:277). Current evidence supports the hypothesis that each is a species, an arrangement that can be tested with other kinds of data and additional samples from relevant locations. Rosevear (1969) recognized... [truncated]	Northern Savanna Gerbil
13001177	Taterillus lacustris	Thomas and Wroughton 1907	SPECIES			lacustris		Taterillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.19 p.37			NE Nigeria and Cameroon.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Rosevear (1969) synonymized lacustris with T. gracilis, but both Robbins (1974, 1977) and F. Petter (1975b) treated it as a distinct species. Analysis of serum proteins pointed to a closer relationship of T. lacustris to T. pygargus rather than T. gracilis (Tranier et al., 1974).	Lake Chad Tateril
13001082	Gerbilliscus leucogaster	Peters 1852	SPECIES			leucogaster	Taterona	Gerbilliscus	Muridae	Rodentia	Bericht Verhandl. K. Preuss., Akad. Wiss., Berlin vol.17 p.274		angolae  (Wroughton, 1906); bechuanae (Wroughton, 1906); beirae (Roberts, 1951); beirensis (Roberts, 1929); kaokoensis Lehmann, 1955; limpopoensis (Roberts, 1929); littoralis (Roberts, 1929); lobengulae (De Winton, 1898); mashonae (Wroughton, 1906); mitchelli (Roberts, 1929); ndolae (Kershaw, 1922); nigrotibialis (Monard, 1933); nyasae (Wroughton, 1906); panja (Wroughton, 1906); pestis (Roberts, 1929); pretoriae (Roberts, 1929); salsa (Wroughton, 1906); schinzi (Noack, 1889); shirensis (Wroughton, 1906); stellae (Wroughton, 1906); tenuis (Peters, 1852); tzaneenensis (Roberts, 1929); waterbergensis (Roberts, 1938); zuluensis (Roberts, 1931).	N and W South Africa (see Perrin, 1997f; Skinner and Smithers, 1990; Taylor,F 1998), Mozambique (including islands in the Bazaruto Arch. off the coast of S Mozambique; Downs and Wirminghaus [1997], Smithers and Lobao Tello, 1976), Zimbabwe (Smithers and Wilson, 1979), Botswana, Namibia (Griffin, 1990), Malawi (Denys et al., 1999), Zambia (Ansell, 1978), Angola (Crawford-Cabral, 1998), SW Tanzania (Davis, 1975a), and S Dem. Rep. Congo (Davis, 1975a).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Tatera leucogaster.	Subgenus Taterona. Taxonomy and distribution summarized by Meester et al. (1986), who included this species in the G. robustus group. Nongeographic variation in Botswana sample analyzed by Swanepoel et al. (1979). Discriminant function analyses contrasting Angolan G. validus and G. leucogaster documented by Crawford-Cabral and Pacheco (1991). Southern African Subregion populations reviewed by Perrin (1997f) and Skinner and Smithers (1990).	Bushveld Gerbil
13001083	Gerbilliscus nigricaudus	Peters 1879 "1878"	SPECIES			nigricaudus	Taterona	Gerbilliscus	Muridae	Rodentia	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss., Berlin vol.1879 p.200		nyama  (Dollman, 1911); percivali (Heller, 1914).	Ethiopia (Duckworth et al., 1993), Kenya, Somalia, and Tanzania. Apparently does not occur west of the Eastern Rift Valley (see Bates, 1988).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Tatera nigricaudata.	Subgenus Taterona. Revised by Bates (1988), who summarized distributional and ecological information, and reviewed by Pavlinov et al. (1990). The taxa bayeri and bodessae, included in this species by Davis (1975a), were transferred to G. robustus by Bates (1988; see that account).	Black-tailed Gerbil
13001084	Gerbilliscus phillipsi	de Winton 1898	SPECIES			phillipsi	Taterona	Gerbilliscus	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.1 p.253		bodessana (Frick, 1914); minusculus Osgood, 1936; umbrosa (Dollman, 1912).	Somalia and the Rift Valley in Ethiopia and Kenya (see Bates, 1988), westward to Senegal and Mali (see Pavlinov, 1997).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Tatera phillipsi.	Subgenus Taterona. Revised by Bates (1988), who summarized distributional and ecological information, and reviewed by Pavlinov et al. (1990). Sympatric with G. robustus. The form minusculus was included here by Pavlinov et al. (1990) but designated incertae sedis by Bates (1988) because all specimens he examined from the type locality, including topotypes, were juveniles and impossible to identify as either G. phillipsi or G. robusta. A discriminant function analysis of cranial traits was used by Pavlinov (1997) to define the specific distinctness of G. robustus, G. philippsi, and G. guineae and also to demonstrate that holotypes of bodessana and minusculus clustered with examples of G. phillipsi.	Phillipss Gerbil
13001110	Gerbillus garamantis	Lataste 1881	SPECIES			garamantis	Hendecapleura	Gerbillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Le Naturaliste vol.3 p.507			Algeria.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Hendecapleura. Most workers have included garamantis in G. nanus (e.g., Kowalski and Rzebik-Kowalska, 1991; Pavlinov et al., 1990; F. Petter, 1975b; Qumsiyeh, 1996), but never with supporting evidence. Matthey (1954) recorded a 2n = 54 for a sample without designated locality that was identified as garamantis. Lay (1983:342) noted that 2n = 52 is usually associated with G. nanus and that G. garamantis be recognized "provisionally pending confirmation and clarification of Mattheys results." The species was reviewed as a population of G. nanus by Kowalski and Rzebik-Kowalska (1991), who were uneasy with including garamantis in G. nanus and did not believe that the same species extended from Morocco to Pakistan. They also noted that garamantis would be the oldest name for North African populations if determined to be different from those in Asia. See account of G. nanus.	Algerian Gerbil
13001085	Gerbilliscus robustus	Cretzschmar 1826	SPECIES			robustus	Taterona	Gerbilliscus	Muridae	Rodentia	In Rüppell, Atlas Reise Nordl. Afrika, Zool. Säugeth. vol.1 p.75		bayeri  (Lönnberg, 1918); bodessae (Frick, 1914); iconica (Dollman, 1911); loveridgei (Hatt, 1935); macropus (Heuglin, 1877); mombasae (Wroughton, 1906); muansae (Matschie, 1911); murinus (Sundevall, 1842); pothae (Heller, 1910); shoana (Wroughton, 1906); swaythlingi (Kershaw, 1921); taylori (Hatt, 1935); vicinus (Peters, 1878).	Burkina Faso, Chad, Sudan, Ethiopia, Somalia, Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania (see Bates, 1985, 1988).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Tatera robusta.	Subgenus Taterona. Revised by Bates (1988), who summarized chromosomal, distributional and ecological data, and reviewed by Pavlinov et al. (1990). Pavlinov et al. (1990) allocated bayeri and bodessana to G. nigricaudus, following Davis (1975a), but Bates (1988) assigned them to the synonymy of G. robustus. Pavlinov (1997) used discriminant analysis of cranial variables to verify the distinctness of G. robustus compared with G. guineae and G. phillipsi and showed that the holotype of bodessana clustered with G. phillipsi and those of bodessae and taylori grouped with samples of G. robustus. Bulatova et al. (2002) provided chromosomal information for Ethiopian sample.	Fringe-tailed Gerbil
13001086	Gerbilliscus validus	Bocage 1890	SPECIES			validus	Taterona	Gerbilliscus	Muridae	Rodentia	J. Sci. Math. Phys. Nat. Lisboa vol.2 5 p.6		liodon  (Thomas, 1902); neavei (Wroughton, 1907); taborae (Kershaw, 1921).	Southern savanna from Angola (Crawford-Cabral, 1998) through S Dem. Rep. Congo, Zambia, and SW Tanzania to S Kenya (between the Rift Valley and coast).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Tatera valida.	Subgenus Taterona. Revised by Bates (1988) as Tatera validus validus. Allopatric with and closely related to the West African G. kempi (see that account). Discriminant function analyses comparing Angolan G. validus and G. leucogaster provided by Crawford-Cabral and Pacheco (1991).	Southern Savanna Gerbil
13001087	Gerbillurus	Shortridge 1942	GENUS					Gerbillurus	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. S. Afr. Mus. vol.36 1 p.52	Gerbillus vallinus Thomas, 1918.	Paratatera  Petter, 1983; Progerbillurus Pavlinov, 1982.			Tribe Taterillini, Subtribe Gerbillurina. Sometimes included in Gerbillus (see references in Schlitter et al., 1984), but concordance of morphological, allozymic, and chromosomal data supports the monophyly of Gerbillurus and indicates its close relationship to the robusta group of Taterillus (Qumsiyeh et al., 1987, and references therein). Pavlinov (1987), Pavlinov et al. (1990), and Pavlinov (2001), however, considered Gerbillurus to be a sister-species of Desmodillus and to form a monophyletic tribe. Comparisons in thermal parameters, macro-and micro-environments, and interspecific aggression among four sympatric species of Gerbillurus were documented by Downs and Perrin (1989, 1990) and Dempster and Perrin (1990) in context of adaptive significance and phylogenetic relationships. Divergence in acoustic repertoire, ultrasonic vocalizations and associated behavior, and general behavior patterns among four species of Gerbillurus,... [truncated]	
13001091	Gerbillurus paeba	A. Smith 1836	SPECIES			paeba	Progerbillurus	Gerbillurus	Muridae	Rodentia	Rept. Exped. Exploring Central Africa vol.app. p.43		broomi  (Thomas, 1918); calidus (Thomas, 1918); coombsi (Roberts, 1929); exilis (Shortridge and Carter, 1938); infernus (Lundholm, 1955); kalaharicus (Roberts, 1932); leucanthus (Thomas, 1927); mulleri (Roberts, 1946); oralis (Thomas and Hinton, 1925); swakopensis (Roberts, 1951); swalius (Thomas and Hinton, 1925); tenuis (A. Smith, 1842).	South Africa (western half and Limpopo; see Perrin, 1997c, Skinner and Smithers, 1990), W Mozambique, W Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia (Griffin, 1990), and SW Angola (Crawford-Cabral, 1998).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Progerbillurus. Meester et al. (1986) and Skinner and Smithers (1990) summarized South African taxonomy and distribution. Based on analyses of chromosomal data, Qumsiyeh (1986) hypothesized that G. paeba and G. vallinus evolved from a common ancestor. Significance of variation in cranial size and shape between G. paeba and Desmodillus auricularis in sympatry is documented by Matson and Christian (1996). Southern African Subregion population reviewed and mapped by Perrin (1997c).	Paeba Hairy-footed Gerbil
13001092	Gerbillurus setzeri	Schlitter 1973	SPECIES			setzeri	Gerbillurus	Gerbillurus	Muridae	Rodentia	Bull. S. California Acad. Sci. vol.72 p.13			Namib Desert, from the Namib-Naukluft Natl. Park north through Namibia to extreme SW Angola (Crawford-Cabral, 1998; Meester et al., 1986; Skinner and Smithers, 1990).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Gerbillurus. Interpretation of chromosomal data indicated G. setzeri and G. tytonis are closely related (Qumsiyeh et al., 1991). Reviewed by Perrin (1997e) and Griffin (1990), who also mentioned an undescribed form (G. cf. setzeri) coexisting with G. setzeri.	Setzers Hairy-footed Gerbil
13001093	Gerbillurus tytonis	Bauer and Niethammer 1959 "1960"	SPECIES			tytonis	Paratatera	Gerbillurus	Muridae	Rodentia	Bonn. Zool. Beitr. vol.10 (1959) p.255			Namibia (Sossusvlei, Sandwich Harbour and Bobabeb, Namib Desert, and Farm Canaan near diamond region of Namibia).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Paratatera. Taxonomic history summarized by Meester et al. (1986); distribution and habitat reviewed by Griffin (1990), Perrin (1997b), and Skinner and Smithers (1990).	Dune Hairy-footed Gerbil
13001094	Gerbillurus vallinus	Thomas 1918	SPECIES			vallinus	Gerbillurus	Gerbillurus	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.2 p.148		seeheimi Lundholm, 1955.	From South Africa (Northern Cape Province) northwest through Namibia towards Brukaros-Karas Mtns and C Namib Desert.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Gerbillurus. Taxonomy summarized by Meester et al. (1986); ecology and range reviewed by Griffin (1990) and Skinner and Smithers (1990). Reviewed and mapped by Perrin (1997d).	Brush-tailed Hairy-footed Gerbil
14000065	Felis silvestris subsp. gordoni	Harrison 1968	SUBSPECIES		gordoni	silvestris		Felis	Felidae	Carnivora							
13001095	Gerbillus	Desmarest 1804	GENUS					Gerbillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Tabl. Méth. Hist Nat., in Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat. vol.24 p.22	Gerbillus aegyptius Desmarest, 1804 (= Dipus gerbillus Olivier, 1801).	Endecapleura  Lataste, 1882; Hendecapleura Lataste, 1894; Monodia Heim de Balsac, 1943.			<p>Tribe Gerbillini, Subtribe Gerbillina. Gerbillus has never been adequately revised. Lay (1983) summarized taxonomic difficulties attendant with determining if the genus was monophyletic, discussed significant character complexes that would bear on any scheme to separate species into subgenera (nature of plantar surfaces, size of auditory bulla, relative tail length, dental traits, accessory tympanum, and karyotype), provided an annotated checklist of the species he considered valid, and a list of named forms with literature citations and type localities (including geographic coordinates). Lack of concordance among the suites of characters discouraged Lay from allocating species to higher categories conventionally recognized as either subgenera or genera (see Pavlinov et al., 1990, for example), and he felt compelled to recognize a single genus without subgenera until the group was systematically re-evaluated. Several taxonomic revisions, pertinent faunal stuides (referred to ... [truncated]	
13001096	Gerbillus	Desmarest 1804	SUBGENUS				Gerbillus	Gerbillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Tabl. Méth. Hist Nat., in Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat. vol.24 p.22	Gerbillus aegyptius Desmarest, 1804 (= Dipus gerbillus Olivier, 1801).					
13001097	Hendecapleura	Lataste 1894	SUBGENUS				Hendecapleura	Gerbillus	Muridae	Rodentia							
13001098	Gerbillus acticola	Thomas 1918	SPECIES			acticola	Gerbillus	Gerbillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.2 p.147			Somalia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Gerbillus. Lay (1983:337) explained why F. Petter's (1975b) synonomy of G. alticola with G. pyramidum should not be followed: ". . . the nearest documented occurrence of G. pyramidum is over 1300 kilometers distant in Sudan." Lay claimed that acticola ". . . should be regarded as distinct pending revision and karyotypic analysis." Pavlinov et al. (1990) included acticola in G. pyramidum but with a question.	Berbera Gerbil
13001106	Gerbillus dongolanus	Heuglin 1877	SPECIES			dongolanus	Gerbillus	Gerbillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Reise in Nordost-Afrika vol.2 p.79			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Gerbillus. Lay (1983) noted that several authors have synonymized this taxon with G. pyramidum but always without confirmatory documentation. Until such data is available, the species should be considered valid, excluded from the taxonomic morass that has characterized G. pyramidum. Pavlinov et al. (1990) also included dongolanus with G. pyramidum.	Dongola Gerbil
13400079	Petromus typicus subsp. kobosensis	Roberts 1938	SUBSPECIES		kobosensis	typicus		Petromus	Petromuridae	Rodentia							
13400080	Petromus typicus subsp. majoriae	Bradfield 1936	SUBSPECIES		majoriae	typicus		Petromus	Petromuridae	Rodentia							
13001099	Gerbillus agag	Thomas 1903	SPECIES			agag	Gerbillus	Gerbillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1903 p.296		cosensi  Dollman, 1914; dalloni Heim de Balsac, 1936; maradius Kock, 1978.	Mali, N Nigeria, and Niger to Chad, Sudan and Kenya.	IUCN  Critically Endangered as G. cosensis and G. dalloni, Lower Risk (lc) as G. agag.	Subgenus Gerbillus. Taxa listed above as synonyms have been associated with G. agag (Kock, 1978; Pavlinov et al., 1990; F. Peter, 1975b), but Lay (1983) found the limits of this species impossible to define based on published analyses. He regarded it as monotypic pending systematic revision. The taxon dalloni was united with G. agag by F. Petter (1975b) without supporting documentation, ". . . but the type localities are separated by more than 2300 km" (Lay, 1983:340), and dalloni should ". . . be regarded as a valid species pending revision." Although F. Petter (1975b;9) included cosensi as a synonym of G. agag, he also noted it "could be a valid species." Kock (1978) described maradius as a subspecies of G. agag. The morphological, chromosomal, molecular, and geographic limits of G. agag clearly require resolution but until then we group together the taxa treat... [truncated]	Agag Gerbil
13001100	Gerbillus amoenus	de Winton 1902	SPECIES			amoenus	Hendecapleura	Gerbillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.9 p.46			Recorded only from Egypt and Libya.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Hendecapleura. Included in G. nanus by Corbet (1978c), but convincingly separated and shown to be a distinctive species by Osborn and Helmy (1980), who reviewed the Egyptian population. Lay (1983) speculated that G. amoenus may range across Tunisia and Algeria to Mauritania, noted its past associations with Dipodillus dasyurus and D. campestris, and advised future comparison with Gerbillus nanus. Among Egyptian species of Gerbillus, G. amoenus is morphologically most closely related to G. nanus and G. henleyi (Osborn and Helmy, 1980). Ranck (1968) reviewed the Libyan populations and recorded significant geographic variation. Reviewed by Pavlinov et al. (1990).	Pleasant Gerbil
13001116	Gerbillus hoogstraali	Lay 1975	SPECIES			hoogstraali	Gerbillus	Gerbillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Fieldiana Zool. vol.65 p.90			Recorded only from Morocco in the Souss Plain (between High Atlas and Anti Atlas Mtns) and the type locality (Aulagnier, in litt.; see map in Aulagnier and Thevenot, 1986).	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Subgenus Gerbillus. Diagnostic features along with morphological and chromosomal comparisons between G. hoogstraali and Moroccan G. hesperinus and G. occiduus presented by Lay (1975). Associated with G. latastei by Pavlinov et al. (1990). Reviewed by Aulagnier and Thevenot (1986).	Hoogstraals Gerbil
13400427	Diplomys labilis	Bangs 1901	SPECIES			labilis		Diplomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Am. Nat. vol.35 p.638		darlingi  (Goldman, 1913).	Panama (including San Miguel Isl), W Colombia, and (probably) N Ecuador.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Locally common.	Includes darlingi (Handley, 1966a:787; Hall, 1981:874).	Rufous Soft-furred Spiny-rat
13001101	Gerbillus andersoni	de Winton 1902	SPECIES			andersoni	Gerbillus	Gerbillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.9 p.45		allenbyi Thomas, 1918; blanci Cockrum, Vaughn, and Vaughn, 1976; bonhotei Thomas, 1919; eatoni Thomas, 1902; inflatus Ranck, 1968; versicolor Ranck, 1968.	SW Jordan and Israel (Qumsiyeh, 1996; Mendelssohn and Yom-Tov, 1999), Egypt (Sinai Peninsula and Nile Delta south to El Faiyum as mapped for G. a. andersoni by Osborn and Helmy, 1980:120), Libya and Tunisia (Cockrum et al., 1976b; Lay, 1983).	IUCN  Vulnerable as G. allenbyi and G. bonhotei, Lower Risk (lc) as G. andersoni.	Subgenus Gerbillus. The forms allenbyi, inflatus, and bonhotei have all been listed as synonyms of G. andersoni (e.g., Cockrum et al., 1976b; Harrison and Bates, 1991; Osborn and Helmy, 1980; Pavlinov et al., 1990, 1995a), but Lay (1983) argued that current evidence does not support the union of these forms and that allenbyi and bonhotei should be treated as species pending a revision. He also suggested that blanci and eatoni be tentatively associated with G. andersoni. We acknowledge the need for a critical new look at geographic variation in G. andersoni but include allenbyi, bonhotei and the other taxa listed above as synonyms following Pavlinov et al. (1990). Furthermore, Cockrum et al. (1976b) provided credible evidence for uniting allenbyi, eatoni and other taxa with G. andersoni, as did Qumsiyeh (1996) for including allenbyi. H... [truncated]	Andersons Gerbil
13001102	Gerbillus aquilus	Schlitter and Setzer 1972	SPECIES			aquilus	Gerbillus	Gerbillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.86 p.167		subsolanus Schlitter and Setzer, 1973.	SE Iran, W Pakistan, S Afghanistan (see Lay and Nadler, 1975).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Gerbillus. Originally described as a subspecies of G. cheesmani but Lay and Nadler (1975) presented data supporting its status as a separate and distinctive species. Schlitter and Setzer (1973) described subsolanus as a subspecies of G. cheesmani.	Swarthy Gerbil
13001103	Gerbillus brockmani	Thomas 1910	SPECIES			brockmani	Hendecapleura	Gerbillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.5 p.420			Somalia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Hendecapleura. Petter (1975b) placed brockmani in synonymy with G. nanus, but no evidence indicates that G. nanus occurs anywhere remotely near Somalia (see Lay, 1983). The phylogenetic affinities of G. brockmani require clarification.	Brockmans Gerbil
13001104	Gerbillus burtoni	F. Cuvier 1838	SPECIES			burtoni	See comments.	Gerbillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.2 p.145, pl. 25			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Usually treated as a synonym of G. pyramidum (Pavlinov et al., 1990; also see references in Lay, 1983), but Lay (1983) mustered diagnostic cranial traits seen in the original cranial illustrations that appear to distinguish them. Until a critical revision of the G. pyramidum complex defines the status of burtoni, we retain it as a species following Lay.	Burtons Gerbil
13001105	Gerbillus cheesmani	Thomas 1919	SPECIES			cheesmani	Gerbillus	Gerbillus	Muridae	Rodentia	J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. vol.26 p.748		arduus  Cheesman and Hinton, 1924; maritimus Sanborn and Hoogstraal, 1953.	SW Iran, C and S Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Oman, North Yemen, South Yemen, and Kuwait (see Al-Jumaily, 1998; Harrison and Bates, 1991; Lay and Nadler, 1975), and S Jordan (Qumsiyeh, 1996).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Gerbillus. Reviewed by Lay and Nadler (1975), Lay (1983), Harrison and Bates (1991), and Pavlinov et al. (1990). Chromosomal polymorphism among samples from Kuwait was reported by Badr and Asker (1980). Detailed comparisons between Qatarian G. cheesmani and G. nanus in cranial morphology discussed by Madkour (1984).	Cheesmans Gerbil
13400081	Petromus typicus subsp. namaquensis	Roberts 1938	SUBSPECIES		namaquensis	typicus		Petromus	Petromuridae	Rodentia							
13400082	Petromus typicus subsp. pallidior	Lundholm 1955	SUBSPECIES		pallidior	typicus		Petromus	Petromuridae	Rodentia							
13001107	Gerbillus dunni	Thomas 1904	SPECIES			dunni	Gerbillus	Gerbillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.14 p.101			Ethiopia, Somalia, Djibouti (Pearch et al., 2001).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Gerbillus. The conspecificity of dunni with G. latastei was suggested, without supporting evidence, by Cockrum (1977), but Lay (1983) noted that the latter's geographic range lies more than 4000 km from that of G. dunni. Yalden et al. (1996) included dunni in G. pulvinatus. Chromosomal data documented by Capanna and Merani (1981).	Dunns Gerbil
13001108	Gerbillus famulus	Yerbury and Thomas 1895	SPECIES			famulus	Hendecapleura	Gerbillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1895 p.551			Endemic to South Yemen and North Yemen (see Harrison and Bates, 1991:272).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Hendecapleura. A large and elegant gerbil whose morphology, geographic range, and ecology were elucidated by Harrison and Bates (1991); also reviewed by Pavlinov et al. (1990).	Black-tufted Gerbil
13001109	Gerbillus floweri	Thomas 1919	SPECIES			floweri	Gerbillus	Gerbillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.3 p.559			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Subgenus Gerbillus. Usually considered a synonym of G. pyramidum, but Lay (1983) explained why it should not be united with that species (in his comments under G. pyramidum). Reviewed by Pavlinov et al. (1990).	Flowers Gerbil
13001125	Gerbillus perpallidus	Setzer 1958	SPECIES			perpallidus	Gerbillus	Gerbillus	Muridae	Rodentia	J. Egypt Publ. Health Assoc. vol.33 p.221			N Egypt, west of the Nile River.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Gerbillus. Treated as a species by most authors except Cockrum (1977) who placed it in G. latastei. See Lay (1983), Osborn and Helmy (1980), and Pavlinov et al. (1990) for reviews of this distinctive species.	Pale Gerbil
13001111	Gerbillus gerbillus	Olivier 1801	SPECIES			gerbillus	Gerbillus	Gerbillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris vol.2 p.121		aegyptius  Desmarest, 1804; aeruginosus Ranck, 1968; asyutensis Setzer, 1960; discolor Ranck, 1968; foleyi Heim de Balsac, 1936; hirtipes Lataste, 1881; longicaudus (Wagner, 1843); psammophilous Ranck, 1968; sudanensis Setzer, 1956.	From SW Jordan and S Israel through Egypt, N Sudan (Yalden et al., 1996) and Djibouti to Morocco and SW Mauritania; also N and S Mali, N Niger, and N Chad (see Aulagnier and Thevenot, 1986; Corbet, 1978c; Dobigny et al., 2002b; Granjon et al., 2002b; Harrison and Bates, 1991:283; Mendelssohn and Yom-Tov, 1999; Osborn and Helmy, 1980:131; Pearch et al., 2001; Qumsiyeh, 1996).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Gerbillus. Geographic portions reviewed by Ranck (1968, Libya), Corbet (1978c), Lay (1983), Kowalski and Rzebik-Kowalska (1991, Algeria), Osborn and Helmy, 1980, Egypt), Djibouti (Pearch et al., 2001), Saleh and Basuony (1998, Sinai Peninsula), Qumsiyeh (1996, Israel and Jordan) and Harrison and Bates (1991, Arabian Peninsula). Meinig (2000) reported G. gerbillus from an isolated sand-belt in S Mali. In 1983, Lay drew attention to the lack of inquiry into variation in this species, which has such an extensive range; that complaint stands today and the species needs careful taxonomic review. The form hirtipes was synonymized with G. gerbillus by Cockrum (1976a), but because of his inadequate documentation, Lay (1983) was reluctant to accept this union. Cockrum's evidence is scanty, but we are swayed by Kowalski and Rzebik-Kowalska's (1991) argument for merging hirtipes with G. gerbillus. Lay (1983) listed ... [truncated]	Lesser Egyptian Gerbil
13001112	Gerbillus gleadowi	Murray 1886	SPECIES			gleadowi	Gerbillus	Gerbillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5 vol.17 p.246			NW India (Rajasthan and Gujarat; see Agrawal, 2000), sand dunes along Indus Valley of Pakistan (see Lay and Nadler, 1975).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Gerbillus. A distinctive species defined by diagnostic morphological and chromosomal data (Lay and Nadler, 1975). Reviewed by Pavlinov et al. (1990). Agrawal (2000) and Chakraborty and Agrawal (2000) reviewed habitat and distribution for Indian populations.	Indian Hairy-footed Gerbil
13001113	Gerbillus grobbeni	Klaptocz 1909	SPECIES			grobbeni	Hendecapleura	Gerbillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Zool. Jahrb., Syst. vol.27 p.252			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Subgenus Hendecapleura. Petter (1975b) and Corbet (1978c) included grobbeni in G. nanus, but Lay (1983) agreed with Ranck (1968) in retaining grobbeni as a species until its status is clarified .	Grobbens Gerbil
13001121	Gerbillus nancillus	Thomas and Hinton 1923	SPECIES			nancillus	Gerbillus	Gerbillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1923 p.260			Sandy Sudanian and Sahelian savannas in Sudan (near El Fasher), Egypt (Wadi Umm-Ashera, Nasser Lake Shore), Chad, Niger, and Mali.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Gerbillus. Possibly a distinct species (Lay, 1983), but poorly known. Discussed by Pavlinov et al. (1990). Karyotype from Niger sample (2n = 56, FNa = 54) described by Dobigny et al. (2002b). The record from Egypt is based on two specimens collected by Dr. E. Emelanova and identified by Pavlinov (in litt., 2002), those from Chad, Niger, and Mali are documented by Dobigny et al., 2002b).	Sudan Gerbil
13400083	Petromus typicus subsp. tropicalis	Thomas and Hinton 1925	SUBSPECIES		tropicalis	typicus		Petromus	Petromuridae	Rodentia							
13400084	Petromus typicus subsp. windhoekensis	Roberts 1938	SUBSPECIES		windhoekensis	typicus		Petromus	Petromuridae	Rodentia							
13001114	Gerbillus henleyi	de Winton 1903	SPECIES			henleyi	Hendecapleura	Gerbillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Novit. Zool. vol.10 p.284		jordani  (Thomas, 1918); makrami (Setzer, 1958); mariae (Bonhote, 1910).	From C Morocco (south of Atlas Mtns) and Algeria through N Africa to Sinai Peninsula, NE Sudan, and Djibouti (Perch et al., 2001); then through Israel and Jordan (Qumsiyeh, 1996; Mendelssohn and Yom-Tov, 1999), with scattered records in W Saudi Arabia, N Yemen, and Oman (Harrison and Bates); also recorded from Burkina Faso (Maddalena et al., 1988; Volobouev et al., 1995a), Niger (Dobigny et al., 2002b), and N Senegal (Bâ et al., 2000; Duplantier and Granjon et al., 1992; Duplantier et al. 1991a).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Hendecapleura. Broad segments of the species reviewed by Ranck (1968, Libya), Osborn and Helmy (1980, Egypt), Qumsiyeh (1996, Israel and Jordan), Aulagnier and Thevenot (1986, Morocco), Harrison and Bates (1991, Arabian Peninsula), Pearch et al. (2001, Djibouti), Al-Jumaily (1998, Yemen), and Kowalski and Rzebik-Kowalska (1991, Algeria). The occurrences in Burkina Faso and Senegal were postulated to reflect the southward expansion of Saharan environments (Duplantier et al., 1991a). R- and C-banding of chromosomes of G. henleyi, G. nanus, and G. poecilops was documented by Volobouev et al (1995a:60), who concluded that the three species form "a natural group deriving from the same ancestor, which may have been poorly adapted to dry conditions." Additional chromosomal data from Niger sample documented by Dobigny et al. (2002b). The record from Djibouti is the southernmost on the African continent (Pearch et al., 2001). Revi... [truncated]	Pygmy Gerbil
13001115	Gerbillus hesperinus	Cabrera 1936	SPECIES			hesperinus	Gerbillus	Gerbillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Bol. Real. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. p.365			Coastal Morocco north of High Atlas Mtns (see Aulagnier and Thevenot, 1986).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Gerbillus. See the references cited by Lay (1983) for characters defining this distinctive Moroccan endemic. Lay (1975) also documented the striking morphological and chromosomal contrasts between G. hesperinus and Moroccan G. hoogstraali and G. occiduus. Also reviewed by Aulagnier and Thevenot (1986) and Pavlinov et al. (1990).	Moroccan Gerbil
13001829	Taeromys hamatus	Miller and Hollister 1921	SPECIES			hamatus		Taeromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.34 p.96			Sulawesi: known only from a few montane localities in the central core of the island, 1280-2287 m; absent from lowland tropical evergreen rainforest formations.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Closest relative is T. taerae from the NE peninsular highlands.	Central Mountain Taeromys
13001117	Gerbillus latastei	Thomas and Trouessart 1903	SPECIES			latastei	Gerbillus	Gerbillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Bull. Soc. Zool. France vol.28 p.172		aureus  Setzer, 1956; favillus Setzer, 1956; nalutensis Ranck, 1968.	Tunisia and Libya (Lay, 1983, suspected the species occurs in Algeria but Kowalski and Rzebik-Kowalska, 1991, did not record it from there).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Gerbillus. The three synonyms were definitely merged with G. latastei by Cockrum (1977), who suggested that bonhotei, dunni, perpallidus, riggenbachi, and rosalinda are possible synonyms but admitted that more material, particularly chromosomal data, is needed to resolve their relationships. Lay (1983) discussed the basis for considering each of these five as separate species. Chromosomal traits (2n = 74, FN = 94-97) of Tunisian sample described by Chetoui et al. (2002). The Libyan populations (under G. aureus) were reviewed by Ranck (1968). Reviewed by Pavlinov et al. (1990).	Latastes Gerbil
13001118	Gerbillus mauritaniae	Heim de Balsac 1943	SPECIES			mauritaniae	See comments.	Gerbillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.15 p.287			Known only by the holotype, which is apparently lost, from the type locality.	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Gerbillini. Type species of Monodia (Heim de Balsac, 1943). According to Lay (1983), F. Petter (1975b), and Roche (1975), the diagnostic traits of Monodia (three large independent tubercles covered with short and stiff hair in metatarsal region with remainder of sole naked, M3 with small posterior cusp) do not warrant generic distinction. Pavlinov et al. (1990) recognized Monodia as a genus but with a question. Pavlinov (in litt., 2001) explained that he examined a locality sample of pigmy gerbils from Mauritania in USNM and recognized two different mandible morphologies within it. One of them is typical Gerbillus and another he thought to be atypical of Gerbillus and superficially resembling that of Desmodilliscus; the two kinds were figured in Pavlinov et al. (1990:42, fig. 16). He supposed the atypical mandible to represent Heim de Balsacs Monodia, and so resurrected the genus as distinct in Pavlinov et al. (1990). We examined... [truncated]	Mauritanian Gerbil
13001119	Gerbillus mesopotamiae	Harrison 1956	SPECIES			mesopotamiae	Hendecapleura	Gerbillus	Muridae	Rodentia	J. Mammal. vol.37 p.417			Iraq and SW Iran in valleys of the Tigris, Euphrates, and Karun Rivers (see Lay and Nadler, 1975).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Hendecapleura. Originally described as a subspecies of Dipodillus dasyurus, but later regarded as a distinctive species defined and reviewed by Lay and Nadler (1975), Harrison and Bates (1991), and Pavlinov et al. (1990).	Mesopotamian Gerbil
13001120	Gerbillus muriculus	Thomas and Hinton 1923	SPECIES			muriculus	Hendecapleura	Gerbillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1923 p.263			Sudan.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Hendecapleura. Lay (1983) regarded this species as valid pending revision. Reviewed by Pavlinov et al. (1990).	Darfur Gerbil
13001146	Meriones hurrianae	Jordon 1867	SPECIES			hurrianae	Cheliones	Meriones	Muridae	Rodentia	Mamm. India p.186		collinus (Thomas, 1919).	Primarily in Thar Desert in SE Iran, Pakistan, and NW India (Haryana, Rajasthan, and Gujarat; see Agrawal, 2000).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Cheliones. Pakistan populations reviewed by Roberts (1977), those in India by Agrawal (2000) and Chakraborty and Agrawal (2000). Hassinger (1973) discussed old records of the species from Afghanistan as probably erroneous. Reviewed by Pavlinov et al. (1990).	Indian Desert Jird
13001122	Gerbillus nanus	Blanford 1875	SPECIES			nanus	Hendecapleura	Gerbillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4 vol.16 p.312		arabium  (Thomas, 1918); indus Thomas, 1920; lixa Yerbury and Thomas, 1895; mimulus (Thomas, 1902); setonbrownei Harrison, 1968.	An extensive range from the Baluchistan region of NW India (Rajasthan and Gujarat; see Agrawal, 2000), Pakistan, S Afghanistan, and Iran through the Arabian Peninsula, Iraq, Jordan, Israel, and North Africa to Morocco (SE side of Atlas Mtns; see Aulagnier and Thevenot, 1986) and Mauritania (Granjon et al., 1997a, 2002b), and south in the Sahara to at least Niger (Dobigny et al., 2002b), NE Mali (Dobigny et al., 2001a, b); see excellent map in Lay and Nadler (1975) portraying range east of the Euphrates River.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Hendecapleura. Regional reviews of the species provided by Lay and Nadler (1975, Iraq to India), Agrawal (2000) and Chakraborty and Agrawal (2000; NW India), Qumsiyeh (1996, Israel and Jordan), Mendelssohn and Yom-Tov (1999, Israel), Harrison and Bates (1991, Arabia), Al-Jumaily (1998, Yemen), Osborn and Helmy (1980, Egypt), Ranck (1968, Libya), Kowalski and Rzebik-Kowalska (1991, Algeria), Aulagnier and Thevenot (1986, Morocco), Granjon et al. (1997a, 2002b, SW Mauritania), Dobigny et al. (2001a, b N Mali), and Shenbrot and Krasnov (1997, Israel). Lay (1983) remarked that G. nanus and G. amoenus share several morphological and chromosomal traits and that the nature of their relationship should be explored by careful revision. Cranial morphology of Qatarian G. nanus and G. cheesmani contrasted by Madkour (1984). Analysis of R- and C-banding of chromosomes by Volobouev et al. (1995a</i... [truncated]	Baluchistan Gerbil
13001123	Gerbillus nigeriae	Thomas and Hinton 1920	SPECIES			nigeriae	Gerbillus	Gerbillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Novit. Zool. vol.27 p.317			Recorded from Niger, N Nigeria, Burkina Faso, and SW Mauritania.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Gerbillus. Lay (1983) maintained this species as valid even though it has been synonymized with G. agag by some workers (Pavlinov et al., 1990; F. Petter, 1975b). Complex chromosomal polymorphism characterizes G. nigeriae (Volobouev et al., 1988b), and left-handed Z-DNA was detected in metaphasic chromosomes in one sample (Viegas-Péquignot et al., 1982). Karyotypic sampling from Niger, Burkina Faso, Mali, and Mauritania exhibit impressive variation in 2n (60-74) and FNa (116-114) (Dobigny et al., 2002b; Gautun et al., 1985; Granjon et al. 1997a; Tranier, 1975a; Volobouev et al., 1988b). Ecology and membership in small mammal community of coastal SW Mauritania documented by Granjon et al. (2002b). Gerbillus nigeriae is regarded as one of the nine unambiguously identified species of gerbils occurring in the West African Sahelian zone (Granjon et al., 2002a).	Nigerian Gerbil
13001124	Gerbillus occiduus	Lay 1975	SPECIES			occiduus	Gerbillus	Gerbillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Fieldiana Zool. vol.65 p.94			Coastal Morocco from south of Anti Atlas to Tarfaya (Aulagnier, in litt.; also see Aulagnier and Thevenot, 1986).	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Subgenus Gerbillus. Lay (1983) noted that the karyotype of this Moroccan endemic was distinct from that of G. andersoni, and provided detailed morphological and chromosomal contrasts between G. occiduus and Moroccan G. hoogstraali and G. hesperinus. Pavlinov et al. (1990) included occiduus in G. pyramidum. Reviewed by Aulagnier and Thevenot (1986).	Occidental Gerbil
13801274	Phyllostomus discolor subsp. verrucosus	Elliot 1905	SUBSPECIES		verrucosus	discolor		Phyllostomus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13001128	Gerbillus pulvinatus	Rhoads 1896	SPECIES			pulvinatus	Gerbillus	Gerbillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p.537		bilensis  Frick, 1914.	Endemic to NE Africa in Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Djibouti.	IUCN  Critically Endangered as G. bilensis, Lower Risk (lc) as G. pulvinatus.	Subgenus Gerbillus. Lay (1983:339) questioned the synonymy of bilensis with pulvinatus as allocated without comment by F. Petter (1975b): "Inasmuch as these two forms were described from opposite ends of the rift valley in Ethiopia that are separated by at least 700 km and because they have not been critically compared, G. bilensis should be regarded as distinct pending revision." Until that comparison is available we include bilensis in G. pulvinatus. Yalden et al. (1996) would also include dunni as a synonym of G. pulvinatus. Records from Djibouti are documented by Pearch et al. (2001), who also provided a good description of the species.	Rhoadss Gerbil
13001129	Gerbillus pusillus	Peters 1879 "1878"	SPECIES			pusillus	Hendecapleura	Gerbillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1879 p.201		diminutus Dollman, 1911; percivali Dollman, 1914; ruberrimus Rhoads, 1896.	Tanzania (Swynnerton and Hayman, 1951), Kenya, Ethiopia, and S Sudan (Dieterlen and Nikolaus, 1985).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as G. diminutus, G. percivali, G. ruberrimus, and G. pusillus.	Subgenus Hendecapleura. Roche (1975) united these three synonyms with G. pusillus based upon his study of original descriptions and specimens, and F. Petter (1975b) suggested that all three probably represented G. pusillus. Lay (1983), however, listed G. pusillus and all three synonyms as separate monotypic species pending a revision. We prefer Roches conclusion as the hypothesis to be tested because it was derived from specimen examination. Chromosomal data documented by Capanna and Merani (1981). Reviewed by Pavlinov et al. (1990), who also accepted Roches synonyms.	Least Gerbil
13500151	Lepus capensis subsp. whitakeri	Thomas 1902	SUBSPECIES		whitakeri	capensis		Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha						Part of a group of subspecies from Northwest Africa (Mahgreb).	
13001130	Gerbillus pyramidum	Geoffroy 1803	SPECIES			pyramidum	Gerbillus	Gerbillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Cat. Mam. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Paris p.202		elbaensis  Setzer, 1958; gedeedus Osborn and Helmy, 1980.	Documented from Egypt, Nile delta and valley south to Sudan (N Sudan, oases of Western Desert and SE Eastern Desert, and Khartoum region in EC Sudan (see Osborn and Helmy, 1980:97); specimens with same karyotype have been collected from the Mauritanian coast, N Mali, and W Niger, so actual range may extend from coastal Mauritania to Egypt and Sudan (Dobigny et al., 2001a, b, 2002b).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Gerbillus. Many authors have viewed this species as ranging extensively from the Sinai throughout North Africa to Morocco and Senegal, and containing many synonyms. Lay (1983), however, discussed the taxonomic quagmire, noting that most synonyms formerly associated with G. pyramidum probably did not represent that species or are presently unidentifiable, and described the wide chromosomal variation in specimens from different geographic regions. "Inasmuch as a distinctive karyotype of 2n = 38 with all biarmed elements has been reported for topotypical material and such a karyotype has not been reported from any locality outside Egypt, it should be assumed that G. pyramidum inhabits only the region mapped by Osborn and Helmy" (Lay, 1983:346). Tawill and Niethammer (1989) discussed the morphological and chromosomal identification of a sample from Khartoum as most probably G. pyramidum. The chromosomal and morphometric analyses of North African ... [truncated]	Greater Egyptian Gerbil
13001131	Gerbillus rosalinda	St. Leger 1929	SPECIES			rosalinda	Gerbillus	Gerbillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 10 vol.4 p.295			Sudan.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Gerbillus. Both F. Petter (1975b) and Lay (1983) listed this species as distinct pending revision of the genus. Reviewed by Pavlinov et al. (1990).	Rosalinda Gerbil
13001132	Gerbillus syrticus	Misonne 1974	SPECIES			syrticus	Hendecapleura	Gerbillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Bull. Inst. R. Sci. Nat. Belg. vol.50 p.1			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Subgenus Hendecapleura. Relationship of G. syrticus has to be evaluated in a taxonomic revision in Lays opinion (1983), but Pavlinov et al. (1990) included it in G. henleyi with a question. We list it as a separate species pending revisionary study of the genus.	Sand Gerbil
13001141	Meriones arimalius	Cheesman and Hinton 1924	SPECIES			arimalius	Pallasiomys	Meriones	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.14 p.554			"Northern sands of the Rub al Khali in Saudi Arabia and Oman" (Harrison and Bates, 1991:297).	IUCN  Endangered.	Subgenus Pallasiomys. Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) listed arimalius as a valid species, but it was later included in M. libycus (Corbet, 1978c; Harrison and Bates, 1991). Pavlinov et al. (1990:294) reinstated arimalius as a separate species and reviewed its salient characters. Even from the terse description of its diagnostic traits provided by Harrison and Bates (1991:297), who recognized the form as a subspecies of M. libycus, it is evident that arimalius is morphologically different from populations of lybicus north of it in Saudi Arabia. The species was also considered distinct by Nadler and Lay (1967).	Arabian Jird
13802365	Myotis blythii subsp. ancilla	Thomas 1910	SUBSPECIES		ancilla	blythii		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13800027	Aproteles	Menzies 1977	GENUS					Aproteles	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Aust. J. Zool. vol.25 p.330	Aproteles bulmerae Menzies, 1977.					
13001165	Rhombomys	Wagner 1841	GENUS					Rhombomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Gelehrte Anz. I. K. Bayer Akad. Wiss., München, 12 vol.52 p.421	Rhombomys pallidus Wagner, 1841 (= Meriones opimus Lichtenstein, 1823).	Amphiaulacomys  Lataste, 1882; Pliorhombomys Fokanov, 1964 [nomen nudum]; Pliorhombomys Fokanov, 1976.			Tribe Gerbillini, Subtribe Rhombomyina. Reviewed by Corbet (1978c). The inclusion of Pliorhombomys in Rhombomys was documented by Pavlinov (1992b). Fossils indicate an evolutionary history extending to late Pliocene in Asia (McKenna and Bell, 1997).	
13001133	Gerbillus tarabuli	Thomas 1902	SPECIES			tarabuli	Gerbillus	Gerbillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1902 p.5		hamadensis  Ranck, 1968; riggenbachi Thomas, 1903; tibesti Setzer and Ranck, 1971.	Ranges from N Senegal and S Mauritania (Bâ et al., 2001; Dobigny et al., 2002b; Duplantier et al., 1991a; Duplantier and Granjon, 1992; Granjon et al., 1992, as cf pyramidum; Granjon et al., 2002b) westward to the Cyrenaican Plateau of Libya (Ranck, 1968) and the Tibesti Mtns of Chad (Setzer and Ranck, 1971; Granjon et al., 1999:305).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt) as G. riggenbachi, Lower Risk (lc) as G. tarabuli.	<p>Subgenus Gerbillus. Usually listed as a synonym of G. pyramidum (see Pavlinov et al., 1990), Lay et al. (1975) noted that tarabuli could be distinguished by morphological traits. Future inquiry, according to Lay (1983:347) ". . . should examine the possibility that the 2n = 40 . . .forms reported from Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco and Senegal . . .are conspecific and may be referable to G. tarabuli." Granjon et al. (1999) have examined the distribution of samples with the 2n = 40 complement and using analyses of G- and C-banding and morphometric data redefined the species limits of G. tarabuli and its geographic distribution, as outlined above. Diploid number and other chromosomal traits confirmed by Chetoui et al. (2002) in Tunisian sample. Lay (1983) felt hamadensis, named as a subspecies of G. pyramidum by Ranck (1968), should provisionally be included in G. tarabuli. Granjon et al. (1999) explained why <... [truncated]	Tarabuls Gerbil
13001134	Gerbillus vivax	Thomas 1902	SPECIES			vivax	Hendecapleura	Gerbillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1902 p.8			Libya.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Hendecapleura. Variously placed in either G. dasyurus (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951), G. amoenus (Ranck, 1968), or G. nanus (F. Petter, 1975b; Corbet, 1978c), but Lay (1983) disputed its association with G. dasyurus (holotype of vivax possesses an accessory tympanum and bare feet, traits uncharacteristic of G. dasyurus) and urged that vivax be retained as a species until its relationship to G. amoenus and G. nanus is assessed by systematic revision. Pavlinov et al. (1990) included vivax in G. amoenus following Ranck (1968) and Osborn and Helmy (1980).	Vivacious Gerbil
13001135	Gerbillus watersi	de Winton 1901	SPECIES			watersi	Hendecapleura	Gerbillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Novit. Zool. vol.8 p.399		juliani  (St. Leger, 1935).	Endemic to NE Africa in Sudan, Somalia, and Djibouti.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as G. juliani and G. watersi.	Subgenus Hendecapleura. Listed both as a subspecies of G. nanus or as a valid species by F. Petter (1975b) in the same report. The species should be considered distinct until revisionary studies advise otherwise (Lay, 1983). Roche and Petter (1968) reviewed juliani under Monodia, but F. Petter (1975b) later synonymized it with G. watersi without supporting evidence. Roche (1975) provided evidence for uniting juliani with G. watersi, an action endorsed by Pavlinov et al. (1990). Lay (1983), however, recognized juliani as valid pending revision of the genus. Pearch et al. (2001) documented records from Djibouti, provided a good description of the species, comparing it with G. henleyi from the same country. Reviewed by Pavlinov et al. (1990).	Waterss Gerbil
13001161	Pachyuromys duprasi	Lataste 1880	SPECIES			duprasi		Pachyuromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Le Naturaliste vol.2 40 p.313		faroulti  Thomas, 1920; natronensis De Winton, 1903.	N Sahara desert from Western Sahara and Morocco to N Egypt.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	The Moroccan population was mapped by Aulagnier and Thevenot (1986), Algerian population reviewed by Kowalski and Rzebik-Kowalska (1991), the Libyan segment by Ranck (1968), and the Egyptian by Osborn and Helmy (1980). Chromosomal data summarized by Qumsiyeh and Schlitter (1991).	Fat-tailed Jird
13500236	Lepus timidus subsp. varronis	Miller 1901	SUBSPECIES		varronis	timidus	Lepus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13001136	Meriones	Illiger 1811	GENUS					Meriones	Muridae	Rodentia	Prodr. Syst. Mamm. Avium. p.82	Mus tamariscinus Pallas, 1773.	Cheliones  Thomas, 1919; Idomeneus Schultze, 1900; Meraeus Billberg, 1828 [nomen nudum]; Pallasiomys Heptner, 1933; Parameriones Heptner, 1937 [not Tchernov and Chetboun, 1984].			<p>Tribe Gerbillini, Subtribe Rhombomyina. No modern systematic revision is available for Meriones. The early revision by Chaworth-Musters and Ellerman (1947), as updated and modified by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), Corbet (1978c), and Pavlinov et al. (1990), represents the most current review of species. Additional taxonomic, distributional, and evolutionary views are found in the taxonomic reports and regional faunal studies cited throughout the accounts below. Most workers agree on definitions of the species we list here, but careful systematic revision will probably uncover a greater number of species. Chromosomal data concerning Meriones was summarized by Nadler and Lay (1967) in the context of assessing relationships among the species and subsequent chromosomal information was summarized by Qumsiyeh and Schlitter (1991). Additional chromosomal data and its significance to understanding phylogenetic relationships among six species of Meriones rep... [truncated]	
13001137	Meriones	Illiger 1811	SUBGENUS				Meriones	Meriones	Muridae	Rodentia	Prodr. Syst. Mamm. Avium. p.82	Mus tamariscinus Pallas, 1773.					
13001138	Pallasiomys	Heptner 1933	SUBGENUS				Pallasiomys	Meriones	Muridae	Rodentia							
13001139	Cheliones	Thomas 1919	SUBGENUS				Cheliones	Meriones	Muridae	Rodentia							
13001140	Parameriones	Heptner 1937	SUBGENUS				Parameriones	Meriones	Muridae	Rodentia						[not Tchernov and Chetboun, 1984]	
13800299	Pteropus hypomelanus subsp. fretensis	Kloss 1916	SUBSPECIES		fretensis	hypomelanus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						subnigerspecies group.	
13800066	Cynopterus sphinx subsp. serasani	Paradiso 1971	SUBSPECIES		serasani	sphinx		Cynopterus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13001142	Meriones chengi	Wang 1964	SPECIES			chengi	Pallasiomys	Meriones	Muridae	Rodentia	Acta Zootaxon. Sinica vol.1 p.9			Recorded from several localities in a small area of N Xinjiang (see Wang, 2003, and Zhang et al., 1997).	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Subgenus Pallasiomys. Wang (1964) considered this species, based on a series of adult and immature specimens, to be most closely related to M. meridianus, which also occurs in Xinjiang Province (Ma et al., 1987). Pavlinov et al. (1990, 1995a) questionably included chengi in the synonymy of M. meridianus. The relationship of chengi to the latter species needs to be assessed by revision of Meriones, especially the M. meridianus complex.	Chengs Jird
13001143	Meriones crassus	Sundevall 1842	SPECIES			crassus	Pallasiomys	Meriones	Muridae	Rodentia	K. Svenska Vet. Akad., Ser. 3 p.233		asyutensis  Setzer, 1961; charon Thomas, 1919; ismahelis Cheesman and Hinton, 1924; longifrons Lataste, 1884; pallidus Bonhote, 1912; pelerinus Thomas, 1919; perpallidus Setzer, 1961; swinhoei Scully, 1881; tripolius Thomas, 1919.	Across North Africa from Morocco through Niger, Sudan, and Egypt to Israel, Jordan, Syria, SE Anatolia (Turkey), Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Iran, and Afghanistan.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Pallasiomys. Reviewed by Corbet (1978c) and Pavlinov et al. (1990). Regional reviews are available for Morocco (Aulagnier and Thevenot, 1986), Algeria (Kowalski and Rzebik-Kowalska, 1991), Libya (Ranck, 1968), Egypt (Osborn and Helmy, 1980), Sinai Peninsula (Saleh and Basuony, 1998), Israel and Jordan (Mendelssohn and Yom-Tov, 1999; Qumsiyeh, 1996), SE Turkey (Yi&#151;it et al., 1997b, 1998b), the Arabian Peninsula (Harrison and Bates, 1991), Iran (Lay, 1967; Morshed and Patton, 2002), and Afghanistan (Hassinger, 1973). See Koffler (1972, Mammalian Species, 9). Yi&#151;it et al. (1998b) contrasted the distribution, morphology and chromosomes between M. crassus (2n = 60, FN = 76) and M. meridianus (2n = 50, FNa = 78) in E Turkey. See Dobigny et al. (2002b) for additional karyotypic information and references.	Sundevalls Jird
13001144	Meriones dahli	Shidlovsky 1962	SPECIES			dahli	Pallasiomys	Meriones	Muridae	Rodentia	Definition Rodents Zakabkaziya p.115			Local sandy habitats in Armenia.	IUCN  Endangered.	Subgenus Pallasiomys. Included in M. meridianus by Corbet (1978c) but shown to be a separate species by Dyatlov and Avanyan (1987), whose results were based on morphological, biochemical, and chromosomal traits, as well as interbreeding experiments. Reviewed by Pavlinov et al. (1990).	Dahls Jird
13001145	Meriones grandis	Cabrera 1907	SPECIES			grandis	Pallasiomys	Meriones	Muridae	Rodentia	Bol. Real Soc. Española Hist. Nat., Madrid vol.7 p.175			Mediterranean littoral from Morocco through N Algeria to Tunisia (see Pavlinov, 2000).		Subgenus Pallasiomys. Moroccan population mapped and reviewed by Aulagnier and Thevenot (1986, as M. shawi). Pavlinov et al. (1990) recognized grandis as a species, but Aulagnier and Thevenot (1986) included it in M. shawi. Geographic ranges of M. shawi and M.grandis broadly overlap through E Morocco, N Algeria, and Tunisia, and examples of both species have been collected at a few locations; see Pavlinov (2000) who revised the species and documented morphometric and other traits distinguishing it from M. shawi. Fragments identified as M. shawi are reported from possible middle Pleistocene sediments at Jebel Irhoud in Morocco (Amani and Geraads, 1993); whether these fossils are shawi or grandis has to be determined.	Moroccan Jird
13001147	Meriones libycus	Lichtenstein 1823	SPECIES			libycus	Pallasiomys	Meriones	Muridae	Rodentia	Verz. Doublet. Zool. Mus. Univ. Berlin p.5		afghanus  Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987; amplus Ranck, 1968; aquilo Thomas, 1912; caucasicus (Satunin, 1896) [accidental renaming of caucasius]; caucasius Brandt, 1855; caudatus Thomas, 1919; collium Severtzov, 1873; confalonieri de Beaux, 1931; edithae Cheesman and Hinton, 1924; erythrourus (Gray, 1842); evelynae Cheesman and Hinton, 1924; eversmanni (Bogdanov, 1889); farsi Schlitter and Setzer, 1973; gaetulus Lataste, 1882; guyonii (Loche, 1867); heptneri Argyropulo, 1936 [nomen nudum, Pavlinov et al., 1990]; intermedius Gromov, 1952; iranensis Goodwin, 1939; luridus Ranck, 1968; marginae (Heptner, 1933); mariae Cabrera, 1907; maxeratis (Heptner, 1933); melanurus Rüppell, 1842; oxianus (Heptner, 1933); renaultii (Loche, 1867); schousboeii (Loche, 1867); schwarzovi Toktosunov, 1977 [nomen nudum]; sogdianus (Heptner, 1933); syrius Thomas, 1919; tuareg Thomas, 1925; turfanensis (Satunin, 1903).	North Africa from Western Sahara (Rio de Oro) and Morocco to Egypt, through Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Iraq, Syria, Iran, Afghanistan, and east through Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and S Kazakhstan to W China (Xinjiang). A record from SE Anatolia has not been confirmed (Krytufek and Vohralík, 2001).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Pallasiomys. Reviewed by Corbet (1978c) and Pavlinov et al. (1990). Regional studies cover populations in Morocco (Aulagnier and Thevenot, 1986), Algeria (Kowalski and Rzebik-Kowalska, 1991), Libya (Ranck, 1968, as caudatus), Egypt (Osborn and Helmy, 1980), Jordan (Qumsiyeh, 1996), Arabian Penninsula (Harrison and Bates, 1991), Iran (Lay, 1967; Morshed and Patton, 2002), Afghanistan (Hassinger, 1973), the Pribalkhashye region of S Kazakhstan (Burdelov et al., 1993, as erythrourus), Russia (Gromov and Erbajeva, 1995), and the Xinjiang Province of W China (Ma et al., 1987; Wang, 2003). Comparative craniometric analyses between Moroccan samples of M. libycus and M. shawi obtained in sympatry were reported by Zaime and Pascal (1988). Morphological and karyotypic contrasts between these same two species as well as laboratory hybridization experiments, were recorded by Lay and Nadler (1969). In North Africa, M. libycu... [truncated]	Libyan Jird
13001148	Meriones meridianus	Pallas 1773	SPECIES			meridianus	Pallasiomys	Meriones	Muridae	Rodentia	Reise Prov. Russ. Reichs. p.702		auceps  Thomas, 1908; brevicaudatus (Milne-Edwards, 1867); buechneri Thomas, 1909; cryptorhinus (Blanford, 1875); fulvus Eversmann, 1848; heptneri (Kuznetzov, 1944) [not of Argyropulo, 1944]; jei Wang, 1964; karelini (Kolossow, 1935); lepturus (Büchner, 1889); littoralis (Heptner, 1927) [nomen nudum]; massagetes (Heptner, 1933); muleiensis Wang, 1981; nogaiorum (Heptner, 1927); penicilliger (Heptner, 1933); psammophilus (Milne-Edwards, 1871); roborowskii (Büchner, 1889); shitkovi (Heptner, 1933); tropini Kartavtseva and Korobitsyna, 1986 [nomen nudum]; urianchaicus (Vinogradov, 1927); uschtaganicus (Rall, 1940); zhitkovi (Heptner, 1936).	From Lower Don River and north of the Caucasus to Mongolia and N China (provinces of Nei Mongol, Hebei, Henen, Shanxi, N Shaanxi, Xinjiang, Gansu, NE Qinghai, and Ningxia; see Ma et al. [1987], Wang [2003], and Zhang et al. [1997]), south to E Turkey, E Iran and N Afghanistan. The isolated segment in Armenia mentioned by Corbet (1978c) refers to M. dahli (see that account).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Pallasiomys. Intraspecific chromosomal variation among Russian samples reported by Korobitsyna and Kartavtseva (1988). Utilizing several sets of data, including results from hybridization studies, Dyatlov and Avanyan (1987) tested conspecificity of the subspecies meridianus, nogaiorum, and dahli, and concluded that nogaiorum should be considered a semispecies and dahli a species (see that account). We retain nogaiorum in M. meridianus pending unequivocal results demonstrating its evolutionary status. Phallic morphology described by Yang et al. (1992) and contrasted with M. unguiculatus. Yi&#151;it et al. (1998b) contrasted geographic range, morphology and karyotypes between samples of M. meridianus and M. crassus in E Turkey. Reviewed by Pavlinov et al. (1990). The segment in E Anatolia (Turkey) was reviewed by Yi&#151;it et al. (1997b, 1998b). Range in Russia, taxon... [truncated]	Midday Jird
13800181	Nanonycteris	Matschie 1899	GENUS					Nanonycteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Megachiroptera Berlin Mus. p.36, 58	Epomophorus veldkampii Jentink, 1888.				Revised by Bergmans (1989).	
13800038	Chironax melanocephalus subsp. tumulus	Bergmans and Rozendaal 1988	SUBSPECIES		tumulus	melanocephalus		Chironax	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13001149	Meriones persicus	Blanford 1875	SPECIES			persicus	Parameriones	Meriones	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4 vol.16 p.312		ambrosius  Thomas, 1919; baptistae Thomas, 1920; gurganensis Goodwin, 1939; rossicus Heptner, 1931; suschkini (Kashkarov, 1925).	Iran, adjacent regions of Transcaucasia, Turkey (E Anatolia), Iraq, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan and Pakistan (west of Indus River).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Parameriones. Regional studies available for the Middle East (Harrison and Bates, 1991), Pakistan (Roberts, 1977), Afghanistan (Hassinger, 1973), Iran (Lay, 1967; Morshed and Patton, 2002), E Anatolian Turkey (Krytufek and Vohralík, 2001), and Russia (Gromov and Erbajeva, 1995). Yi&#151;it and Çolak (1999) recorded 2n = 42, FN = 78 for samples from E Turkey. Reviewed by Pavlinov et al. (1990).	Persian Jird
13001150	Meriones rex	Yerbury and Thomas 1895	SPECIES			rex	Parameriones	Meriones	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1895 p.552		buryi  Thomas, 1902; philbyi (Morrison-Scott, 1939).	Yemen highlands in SW Arabian Peninsula, from Mecca in Saudi Arabia to near Aden in Yemen (see Al-Jumaily [1998] and Harrison and Bates [1991:289]).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Parameriones, according to Nadler and Lay (1967) and Harrison and Bates (1991), but not allocated to a subgenus by Pavlinov et al. (1990), who reviewed the species. A distinctive jird that ". . . has evolved in the special and peculiar environment of the Yemen highlands. . ." (Harrison and Bates, 1991:291). Karyotype (2n = 38, FN = 74) documented by Al-Saleh and Khan (1987).	King Jird
13001151	Meriones sacramenti	Thomas 1922	SPECIES			sacramenti	Pallasiomys	Meriones	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.10 p.552		legeri  Aharoni, 1932.	A small range in Israel (on coastal plain south of the Yarqon River and in the N Negev) and NE Sinai Peninsula of Egypt (Harrison and Bates, 1991; Osborn and Helmy, 1980).	IUCN  Endangered.	Subgenus Pallasiomys. A distinctive Israeli and Sinai endemic, reviewed by Osborn and Helmy (1980), Pavlinov et al. (1990), Harrison and Bates (1991), Qumsiyeh (1996), and Mendelssohn and Yom-Tov (1999). Apparently most closely related to M. shawi and M. libycus in its morphology (see Harrison and Bates, 1991, and references therein).	Buxtons Jird
13001152	Meriones shawi	Duvernoy 1842	SPECIES			shawi	Pallasiomys	Meriones	Muridae	Rodentia	Mem. Soc. Sci. Nancy vol.3 p.22		albipes  Lataste, 1882; auratus Ranck, 1968; auziensis Lataste, 1882; azizi Setzer, 1956; crassibulla Lataste, 1885; isis Thomas, 1919; laticeps Lataste, 1885; longiceps Lataste, 1885; richardii (Loche, 1867); savii (Loche, 1867); sellysii (Pomel, 1856); trouessarti Lataste, 1882.	Mediterranean littoral from E Morocco through N Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and Egypt to N Sinai, never found more than about 150 mi (240 km) inland (Lay and Nadler, 1969, and references therein; Pavlinov, 2000).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Pallasiomys. A distinctive species that ranges mostly north of M. libycus but is sympatric with it in several regions (Lay and Nadler, 1969; Zaime and Pascal, 1988). The distribution maps of Algerian (Kowalski and Rzebik-Kowalska, 1991) and Egyptian (Osborn and Helmy, 1980) ranges of M. shawi and M. libycus illustrate their geographic relationshipsmostly parapatric, but sympatric near the coast. Meriones shawi and M. libycus are often confused in museum collections and published reports (see the reviews by Lay and Nadler, 1969, and Pavlinov et al., 1990). The taxon grandis has traditionally been included in M. shawi but Pavlinov et al. (1990) reviewed grandis as a species and Pavlinov (2000) recorded the morphological traits distinguishing M. grandis from M. shawi; he also documented broad overlap between the two species in E Morocco, N Algeria, and Tunisia (see acc... [truncated]	Shaws Jird
13400085	Thryonomyidae	Pocock 1922	FAMILY						Thryonomyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1922 p.423		Thrynomyidae Pocock, 1922; Ulacodidae Brandt, 1855.			Includes several fossil forms from the Oligocene of North Africa. Placed in the superfamily Thryonomuroidea, see comments under Petromuridae.	
13001153	Meriones tamariscinus	Pallas 1773	SPECIES			tamariscinus	Meriones	Meriones	Muridae	Rodentia	Reise Prov. Russ. Reichs. vol.2 p.702		ciscaucasicus  (Satunin, 1903); collium Severtsov, 1873; jaxartensis (Ognev and Heptner, 1928); kokandicus Heptner, 1933; montanus Severtsov, 1873 [nomen nudum, Pavlinov et al., 1990]; satschouensis (Satunin, 1903); tamaricinus (Pallas, 1779).	N Caucasus and Kazakhstan to the Altai Mtns, and through N Xinjiang and Nei Mongol of China (Wang, 2003; Zhang et al., 1997).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Meriones. Reviewed by Corbet (1978c) and Pavlinov et al. (1990); regional reviews offered by G. M. Allen (1940, China), and Ma et al. (1987, Xinjiang). Range in Russia, taxonomy, contrasts with other species and additional characteristics reviewed by Gromov and Erbajeva (1995). The restriction to subgenus Meriones reflects the very distinctive male genital morphology of M. tamariscinus compared with other species of Meriones (Pavlinov, 1986).	Tamarisk Jird
13001163	Psammomys obesus	Cretzschmar 1828	SPECIES			obesus		Psammomys	Muridae	Rodentia	In Rüppell, Atlas Reise Nordl. Afr., Zool. Säugeth. p.p. 58, pl. 22		algiricus  Thomas, 1902; dianae Morrison-Scott, 1939; elegans Heuglin, 1877; nicolli Thomas, 1908; roudairei Lataste, 1881; terraesanctae Thomas, 1902; tripolitanus Thomas, 1902.	In North Africa from Morocco (Aulagnier and Thevenot, 1986) and Algeria (Kowalski and Rzebik-Kowalska, 1991), through Tunisia and coastal region of Egypt (Osborn and Helmy, 1980), into Syria, Jordan, Israel, and parts of Arabian Peninsula (Harrison and Bates, 1991); also on coast of Sudan (Corbet, 1978c).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Electrophoretic, chromosomal, and morphological traits were analyzed by Qumsiyeh and Chesser (1988) in the context of assessing evolutionary change among four genera of gerbils. Reviewed by Corbet (1978c) and Pavlinov et al. (1990). Arabian population reviewed by Harrison and Bates (1991), Israeli and Jordanian by Qumsiyeh (1996) and Mendelssohn and Yom-Tov (1999), Egyptian by Osborn and Helmy (1980), Algerian by Kowalski and Rzebik-Kowalska (1991), and Moroccan by Aulagnier and Thevenot (1986).	Fat Sand Rat
13802366	Myotis blythii subsp. lesviacus	Iliopoulou 1984	SUBSPECIES		lesviacus	blythii		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13001154	Meriones tristrami	Thomas 1892	SPECIES			tristrami	Pallasiomys	Meriones	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.9 p.148		blackleri  Thomas, 1903; bodenheimeri Aharoni, 1932; bogdanovi Heptner, 1931; intraponticus Neuhäuser, 1936; kariateni Aharoni, 1932; kilisensis Yi&#151;it and Çolak, 1998; lycaon Thomas, 1919; qatafensis Haas, 1951.	From Israel, Lebanon, and W Jordan to Turkey (Krytufek and Vohralík, 2001; Yi&#151;it et al., 1998a), Syria, N Iraq, NW Iran, and Transcaucasia (see Harrison and Bates, 1991:294).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Pallasiomys. Treated as a subspecies of M. shawi by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951). The species was generally reviewed by Corbet (1978c) and Pavlinov et al. (1990) and regionally reviewed by Harrison and Bates (1991, Arabia), Qumsiyeh (1996) and Mendelssohn and Yom-Tov (1999, Israel and Jordan), Misonne (1957, Syria), Lay (1967, C Asia), Yi&#151;it et al. (1998a, Turkey), and Gromov and Erbajeva (1995, Russia). Chromosomal polymorphism and its significance among Transcaucasian samples were reported by Korobitsyna and Korablev (1980). Populations in Turkey have a stable diploid number (72) but the fundamental number varies between 76 in W Turkey and 82 in samples from the rest of Turkey (a diagnostic traits of M. t. kilisensis is its FN of 78; Yi&#151;it and Çolak, 1998). Meriones tristrami has resided in the S Levant, as documented by fossils, since at least 160,000 years before present (see reviews and references cited by Tchernov... [truncated]	Tristrams Jird
13001155	Meriones unguiculatus	Milne-Edwards 1867	SPECIES			unguiculatus	Pallasiomys	Meriones	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool., ser. 7 vol.5 p.377		chihfengensis  Mori, 1939 [see Kaneko and Maeda, 2002]; koslovi (Satunin, 1903); kurauchii Mori, 1930; selenginus Heptner, 1949.	Mongolia, and adjacent regions of Siberia (Transbaikalia) and of China from E Gansu, N Ningxia, N Shaanxi, N Shanxi, and Hebei, through C and N Nei Mongol and Liaoning (see Gromov and Erbajeva [1995], Wang [2003], and Zhang et al. [1997]).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Pallasiomys. Reviewed by G. M. Allen (1940), Corbet (1978c), and Pavlinov et al. (1990). Corbet also included Xinjiang in the distribution of the species, but Ma et al. (1987) did not record it there. Spicer and Schulte (1994) documented cochlear structure at the cellular level. This study is an example of the many undertaken on this species, as this is the gerbil usually sold as pets and used in medical laboratories (Turton, 1984). Laboratory colonies were derived from twenty pairs captured in the Amur River basin in 1935, initially taken to Japan from which a colony was shipped to the United States, and from there others were distributed to Europe (Turton, 1984). Yang et al. (1992) described phallic morphology and contrasted it with that of M. meridianus. Cao et al. (1995) reported histology of the glans penis in M. unguiculatus and contrasted the pattern and morphology of its epidermal spines with M. meridianus and Rhombomys opimus,... [truncated]	Mongolian Jird
13001156	Meriones vinogradovi	Heptner 1931	SPECIES			vinogradovi	Pallasiomys	Meriones	Muridae	Rodentia	Zool. Anz. vol.94 p.122			E Anatolian Turkey, N Syria, N Iran, and Armenia and Azerbaijan (see Harrison and Bates, 1991).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Pallasiomys. A distinctive species (Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987; Pavlinov et al., 1995a) that was reviewed by Pavlinov et al. (1990) and Harrison and Bates (1991). The Iranian population was reviewed by Lay (1967), the Syrian by Misonne (1957), Turkish by Yi&#151;it et al. (1997b), and the segment in Russia by Gromov and Erbajeva (1995).	Vinogradovs Jird
13001157	Meriones zarudnyi	Heptner 1937	SPECIES			zarudnyi	Pallasiomys	Meriones	Muridae	Rodentia	Byull. Moscow Ova. Ispyt. Prir. Otd. Biol. vol.46 p.19			NE Iran, N Afghanistan, and S Turkmenistan.	IUCN  Endangered.	Subgenus Pallasiomys. Reviewed by Corbet (1978c) and Pavlinov et al. (1990) and listed by Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987) as a distinctive species. The Afghanistan population was reviewed by Hassinger (1973), the E Anatolian by Yi&#151;it et al. (1997), and segment in Turkmenistan by Gromov and Erbajeva (1995).	Zarudnys Jird
13001158	Microdillus	Thomas 1910	GENUS					Microdillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.5 p.197	Gerbillus peeli de Winton, 1898.				Tribe Gerbillini, Subtribe Gerbillina. A close relative of Gerbillus and Dipodillus (Pavlinov et al., 1990).	
13001159	Microdillus peeli	de Winton 1898	SPECIES			peeli		Microdillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.1 p.250			Recorded only from Somalia (see Roche and F. Petter, 1968).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Reviewed by Roche and F. Petter (1968) and Pavlinov et al. (1990).	Somali Pygmy Gerbil
13001160	Pachyuromys	Lataste 1880	GENUS					Pachyuromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Le Naturaliste vol.2 40 p.313	Pachyuromys duprasi Lataste, 1880.				Tribe Gerbillini, Subtribe Pachyuromyina (sole member).	
13001162	Psammomys	Cretzschmar 1828	GENUS					Psammomys	Muridae	Rodentia	In Rüppell, Atlas Reise Nordl. Afr., Zool. Säugeth. p.56	Psammomys obesus Cretzschmar, 1828.	Parameriones Tchernov and Chetboun, 1984 [not of Heptner, 1937].			Tribe Gerbillini, Subtribe Rhombomyina. Reviewed by Corbet (1978c, 1984). Evolutionary history as indicated by fossils extends to Late Pleistocene of Asia (McKenna and Bell, 1997).	
13001164	Psammomys vexillaris	Thomas 1925	SPECIES			vexillaris		Psammomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.16 p.198		edusa  Thomas, 1925.	Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Sometimes included in P. obesus (Corbet, 1978c; Pavlinov et al., 1990, 1995a) but Ranck (1968) regarded it as a separate species. Cockrum et al. (1977) enumerated the morphological and chromosomal traits distinguishing the two. Kowalski and Rzebik-Kowalska (1991) did not recognize this species in Algeria and discussed only P. obesus. We recognize vexillaris as distinct pending a new look at geographic variation in morphological, chromosomal, and molecular traits among populations of Psammomys.	Lesser Sand Rat
13802367	Myotis blythii subsp. omari	Thomas 1906	SUBSPECIES		omari	blythii		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13001166	Rhombomys opimus	Lichtenstein 1823	SPECIES			opimus		Rhombomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Naturh. Abh. Eversmann's Reise p.122		alaschanicus  Matschie, 1911; dalversinicus Kashkarov, 1926; fumicolor Heptner, 1933; giganteus Buchner, 1889; major Burdelov, 1989; minor Burdelov, 1989; nigrescens Satunin, 1903; pallidus Wagner, 1841; pevzovi Heptner, 1939; sargadensis Heptner, 1939; sodalis Goodwin, 1939.	From S Mongolia and N China (Xinjiang, Gansu, Nei Mongolia) to Kazakhstan, Iran, Afghanistan, and SW Pakistan (Corbet, 1987c, Ma et al., 1987; Wang, 2003; Zhou et al., 2000).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Pavlinov et al. (1990). Regional reviews cover Pakistan (Roberts, 1977), Iran (Lay, 1967), Afghanistan (Hassinger, 1973), Russia and adjacent regions (Gromov and Erbajeva, 1995), and N China (Xinjiang, Gansu, and Nei Mongolia; Ma et al., 1987; Zhang et al., 1997; Zhou et al., 2000). Rhombomys opimus is unique among gerbils in having hypsodont, evergrowing (rootless) molars with cement in the reentrant angles, but Pavlinov (1982b, 1996) found a few old individuals with rooted molars from several localities in Iran; however, this discovery does not help clarify taxonomic status of the species. Chromosomal data summarized by Qumsiyeh and Schlitter (1991). Morphology and schmelzmuster of rootless molars in relation to jaw motion documented by Koenigswald et al. (1994) and compared to 24 other extant rodent genera. Phallic morphology described by Yang et al. (1992). Age identification and population structure of Chinese population reported by Zhou et al. (2002), wh... [truncated]	Great Gerbil
13001167	Sekeetamys	Ellerman 1947	GENUS					Sekeetamys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1947-1948 117 p.271	Gerbillus calurus Thomas, 1892.				Tribe Gerbillini, Subtribe Rombomyina. Reviewed by Corbet (1978c), who also discussed the past allocation of calurus to either Meriones or Gerbillus. Based primarily upon morphology, Pavlinov et al. (1990), thought Sekeetamys was most closely related to Meriones and Brachiones, but Tong (1989) aligned it with Microdillus and Gerbillus. One of four gerbil genera in which electrophoretic, chromosomal, and morphological traits were examined to assess rates of evolutionary change (Qumsiyeh and Chesser, 1988).	
13001168	Sekeetamys calurus	Thomas 1892	SPECIES			calurus		Sekeetamys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.9 p.76		makrami Setzer, 1961.	Restricted to rocky and cliff habitat from E Egypt (east side of the Nile) through Sinai, SE Israel and SW Jordan into C Saudi Arabia (Harrison and Bates, 1991; Mendelssohn and Yom-Tov, 1999; Osborn and Helmy, 1980; Qumsiyeh, 1996).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Although researchers now agree that calurus merits generic separation, in the past it has been regarded as a species of Gerbillus, Dipodillus, or Meriones (see references in Corbet, 1978c, and Osborn and Helmy, 1880). Morphology, taxonomy, and ecology summarized by Osborn and Helmy (1980) for Egyptian population, Qumsiyeh (1996) for populations in Israel and Jordan, and Harrison and Bates (1991) for Arabian Peninsula. Distribution on Sinai Peninsula recorded by Saleh and Basuony (1998). Chromosomal data summarized by Qumsiyeh and Schlitter (1991). Reviewed in detail by Pavlinov et al. (1990).	Bushy-tailed Jird
13001176	Taterillus harringtoni	Thomas 1906	SPECIES			harringtoni		Taterillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.18 p.303		illustris  Dollman, 1911; kadugliensis (Wettstein, 1916); lorenzi (Wettstein, 1916); lowei Dollman, 1914; melanops Allen, 1912; meneghettii Toschi, 1946; nubilus Dollman, 1911; osgoodi Wroughton, 1910; perluteus Thomas and Hinton, 1923; rufus (Wettstein, 1916); tenebricus Dollman, 1911; zammarani de Beaux, 1922.	Central African Republic, Sudan, Ethiopia, Somalia, E Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Allocation of synonyms follows Robbins (1977). Karyotypes of samples from Ethiopia and Kenya (2n = 44, FNa = 62, 64) summarized by Volobouev and Granjon (1996).	Harringtons Tateril
13001169	Tatera	Lataste 1882	GENUS					Tatera	Muridae	Rodentia	Le Naturaliste, Paris vol.2 p.126	Dipus indicus Hardwicke, 1807.				Tribe Taterillini, Subtribe Taterillina. According to Pavlinov et al. (1990) and Pavlinov (2001), Taterillini also includes the African Taterillus and Gerbilliscus (once included in Tatera; see generic account of the latter). Tong (1989) also included Gerbillurus in this group and did not separate Gerbilliscus from Tatera. Evolutionary history of Tatera dates from T. pinjoricus, which is represented by isolated molars from late Pliocene Siwalik beds of NW India (Patnaik, 1997), which appears to be a primitive phylogenetic ally of living T. indica (Flynn et al., 2003). Patnaik (1997) considered Tatera pinjoricus to be dentally similar to the late Miocene Abudhabia sp. from Pakistan, A. baynunensis from the United Arab Emirates (de Bruijn and Whybrow, 1994) and the early to late Pliocene A. kabulense from NW India and N Afghanistan (see review by Wessels, 1998). In addition to those species, A. ... [truncated]	
13800407	Rousettus amplexicaudatus subsp. hedigeri	Pohle 1952	SUBSPECIES		hedigeri	amplexicaudatus	Rousettus	Rousettus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13001536	Muriculus imberbis	Rüppell 1842	SPECIES			imberbis		Muriculus	Muridae	Rodentia	Mus. Senckenberg. vol.3 p.110		chilaloensis  Osgood, 1936.	Endemic to mountains of Ethiopia on both sides of the Rift Valley, 1900-3400 m (Rupp, 1980).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Member of a unique rodent fauna endemic to high mountains of Ethiopia. Osgood (1936) described chilaloensis as a subspecies of M. imberbis. Yalden and Largen (1992) reviewed the species as an Ethiopian endemic, which is infrequently encountered by collectors (Yalden et al., 1996).	Ethiopian Striped Mouse
13001330	Dephomys eburneae	Heim de Balsac and Bellier 1967	SPECIES			eburneae		Dephomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Mammalia vol.31 p.157			Records are from Côte dIvoire and Liberia (specimens in USNM); may occur in SW Ghana (Grubb et al., 1998).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Originally described as a subspecies of defua (see discussion in Rosevear, 1969), but shown to be a separate species by Van der Straeten (1984). Part of the murine fauna endemic to West Africa (see account of Grammomys buntingi). Chromosomal data from Côte dIvoire sample reported by Tranier and Dosso (1979).	Ivory Coast Dephomys
13001170	Tatera indica	Hardwicke 1807	SPECIES			indica		Tatera	Muridae	Rodentia	Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol.8 p.279		bailwardi  Wroughton, 1906; ceylonica Wroughton, 1906; cuvieri (Waterhouse, 1838); dunni Wroughton, 1917; hardwickei (Gray, 1843); monticola Wroughton, 1906; otarius (Cuvier, 1838); persica Wroughton, 1906; pitmani Cheesman, 1921; scansa Wroughton, 1906; sherrini Wroughton, 1917; taeniurus (Wagner, 1843).	An extensive range from SE Anatolia in Turkey (Yi&#151;it et al., 2001), Syria, Iraq, and Kuwait through Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan into most of Indian Peninsula north to the Terai region of S Nepal; also Sri Lanka (see Bates, 1988).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Revised by Bates (1988), who recognized three distinctive subspecies. Regional reviews include the segments from Arabian Peninsula (Harrison and Bates, 1991), SE Turkey (Yi&#151;it et al., 2001), Syria (Misonne, 1957), Iran (Lay, 1967; Morshed and Patton, 2002), Afghanistan (Hassinger, 1973), Pakistan (Roberts, 1977), and India (Agrawal, 2000; Chakraborty and Agrawal, 2000). This is the only species that Pavlinov (1981b) and Pavlinov et al. (1990) allocated to Tatera. Karyotype and chromosomal polymorphism of Indian samples documented by Rao et al. (1968) and Yosida (1981); chromosomal data summarized by Qumsiyeh and Schlitter (1991), and karyotype of Turkish population (2n = 68, FN = 84) documented by Yi&#151;it et al. (2001). Ecology and distribution in the Aravalli Ranges in Rajasthan, India documented by Prakash et al. (1995a, b). Late Pleistocene fossils from C India described as T. cf indica by Patnaik (1995).	Indian Gerbil
13001171	Taterillus	Thomas 1910	GENUS					Taterillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.6 p.222	Gerbillus emini Thomas, 1892.	Taterina Wettstein, 1916.			Tribe Taterillini, Subtribe Taterillina. Robbins (1971) proposed a new dental terminology for the genus based on a large sample of T. gracilis, analysed (1973) nongeographic variation drawn from the same sample, and summarized (1977) morphometric and chomosomal differentiation among the seven species that he considered valid (only T. petteri and T. tranieri have since been added). Chromosomal data were reported for some species by Matthey and F. Petter (1970) and karyotypic information was summarized by Qumsiyeh and Schlitter (1991). Like many genera of African muroid rodents, Taterillus requires critical systematic revision to determine species definitions and their distributional limits. Several of the species now recognized are morphologically closely similar to one another, prompting many workers to consider them "sibling" or cryptic species (Dobigny et al., 2002a, 2003; Sicard et al., 1988). Recently, Volobouev and Granjon... [truncated]	
13001172	Taterillus arenarius	Robbins 1974	SPECIES			arenarius		Taterillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.87 p.399			N Sahelian savanna and subdesert from Mauritania through Mali to Niger (see Robbins, 1974); eastern limits unknown although Sicard et al. (1988) believed the species to be confined to the left bank of the Niger River.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	In a detailed multivariate analysis, Robbins (1974) compared his new species with samples of T. gracilis and T. pygargus. The latter and T. arenarius are sympatric in S Mauritania. Results from a chromosome banding study (R- and C-bands) of T. arenarius as reported by Volobouev and Granjon (1996:45), "revealed the presence of an XX/XY<sub>1</sub>Y<sub>2</sub> sex-chromosome system in the karyotype [2n = 30/31, FNa = 36], as found previously in three other congeneric species." Ecology and membership in small mammal community of SW Mauritania discussed by Granjon et al. (2002b).	Robbinss Tateril
13001173	Taterillus congicus	Thomas 1915	SPECIES			congicus		Taterillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.16 p.147		clivosus  Thomas and Hinton, 1923.	Cameroon, Chad, Central African Republic, Dem. Rep. Congo, Sudan, Uganda.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Assignment of clivosus follows Robbins (1977).	Congo Tateril
13001174	Taterillus emini	Thomas 1892	SPECIES			emini		Taterillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.9 p.78		anthonyi  Hatt, 1934; butleri Wroughton, 1910; gyas Thomas, 1918.	Sudan, SW Ethiopia (Yalden et al., 1996), Uganda, NW Kenya, NE Dem. Rep. Congo.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Allocation of the synonyms to this species follows Robbins (1977).	Emins Tateril
13001175	Taterillus gracilis	Thomas 1892	SPECIES			gracilis		Taterillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.9 p.77		angelus  Thomas and Hinton, 1920; meridionalis Robbins, 1974; nigeriae Thomas, 1911.	N Nigeria, Niger, S Mali, and Burkina Faso to Gambia and Senegal (see Dobigny et al., 2002b; Duplantier and Granjon, 1992; Grubb et al., 1998; Meinig, 2000).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Chromosomal data (2n = 36/37, FNa = 42-44) for samples from Burkino Faso and Senegal were reported by Gautun et al. (1985) and Volobouev and Granjon (1996); Dobigny et al. (2002b) recorded a slightly greater range in diploid and fundamental numbers in Niger samples. Rosevear (1969) included angelus in this species, but Sicard et al. (1988) discussed its possible specific status. The form nigeriae was provisionally considered valid by Rosevear (1969) but was treated as a subspecies of T. gracilis by Robbins (1974).	Gracile Tateril
13500272	Pronolagus randensis subsp. whitei	Roberts 1938	SUBSPECIES		whitei	randensis		Pronolagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13800408	Rousettus amplexicaudatus subsp. infumatus	Gray 1871	SUBSPECIES		infumatus	amplexicaudatus	Rousettus	Rousettus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13001251	Batomys granti	Thomas 1895	SPECIES			granti		Batomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.16 p.162			Greater Luzon Faunal Region. Recorded only from mountain forests of Luzon Isl, Mt Data in north and Mt Isarog in SE peninsula; probably more widespread in mountains of N Luzon (Heaney et al., 1998).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Morphological features indicate B. granti to be more closely related to B. salomonseni than to other species of Batomys (Musser et al., 1998a). Karyotype (2n = FN = 52) indistinguishable between samples from S and N regions of Luzon, and from B. salomonseni (Rickart and Heaney, 2002; Rickart and Musser, 1993). Altitudinal range and ecological information provided by Heaney et al. (1999).	Luzon Batomys
13001178	Taterillus petteri	Sicard, Tranier, and Gautun 1988	SPECIES			petteri		Taterillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Mammalia vol.52 p.188			Sahelian savanna of E Burkina Faso and W Niger west of Niger River.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Ansell (1989) maintained the availability of petteri should properly date from its first checklist citation (Gautun et al., 1985), not from its later formal description (Sicard et al., 1988), but Sicard et al. identified the holotype and museum in which it is stored and provided a differential diagnosis. According to Sicard et al. (1988), T. petteri is confined to the loop of the Niger River and is parapatric with T. gracilis, from which it differs in morphology, ecology, biochemistry, and physiology. In the same paper, they stated that T. petteri may actually be conspecific with angelus (from Gambia), although they acknowledged not examining the holotype of the latter, and they speculated that angelus and lacustris may prove to be the same but, because the type of the former is young and that of the latter is old, the relationship is difficult to demonstrate. Karyotype (2n = 18/19, FNa = 28) is distinctive compared with so... [truncated]	Petters Tateril
13001179	Taterillus pygargus	F. Cuvier 1838	SPECIES			pygargus		Taterillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.2 p.142			Gambia, Senegal, S Mauritania, W and S Mali (Meinig, 2000), and S Niger (Dobigny et al., 2002b).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Cuvier's pygargus was included in Gerbillus pyramidum, but the holotype is an example of Taterillus (see F. Petter et al., 1972, and F. Petter, 1975b, and references therein). Apparently unaware of F. Petter's observation, Lay (1983) listed pygargus as a species of Gerbillus known only from the type locality, which he thought was Egypt. Karyotype (2n = 22/23, FNa = 38-40) described in detail and contrasted with two newly described cytotypes representing two species (2n = 22/23, FN = 40; 2n = 24/25, FN = 44; identified as Taterillus sp. 1 and Taterillus sp. 2) by Dobigny et al. (2002a). Additional chromosomal information for Niger samples of T. pygargus provided by Dobigny et al. (2002b).	Senegal Tateril
13001180	Taterillus tranieri	Dobigny, Granjon, Aniskin, Ba, and Volobouev 2003	SPECIES			tranieri		Taterillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Mammal. Biol. vol.68 p.301			Recorded from Sahelian savanna of W Mali and SE Mauritania (see Dobigny et al., 2003, for locality coordinates and habitat).		Karyotype (2n = 14/15, FNa = 22-24) exhibits the lowest diploid number among gerbillines and differs from its chromosomally closest ally, T. petteri (2n = 18/19, FNa = 28), by "two telomere-telomere translocations accompanied by two centromere activations/inactivations, one non-reciprocal translocation, and three pericentric inversion" (Dobigny et al., 2003:309). No consistent qualitative differences in external and cranial morphological or pelage coloration could be dectected between T. tranieri and four other West African species: T. arenarius, T. gracilis, T. petteri, and T. pygargus.	Tranieris Tateril
13001181	Leimacomyinae	new subfamily. 	SUBFAMILY						Muridae	Rodentia						<p>Type genusLeimacomys Matschie, 1893. Definitionmedium-sized terrestrial, insectivorous muroid with a scantily haired (caudal hairs length of one tail scale), tapering tail much shorter than length of head and body (TL/HBL = 32%), four digits and rudimentary fifth on front foot, five on hind foot, claws nearly straight, and dense pelage without guard hairs; cranium robust, rostrum moderately long and wide, and tapering distally in lateral perspective; interorbit wide; prominent supraorbital ridges border wide wedge-shaped postorbital region merging with wide braincase outlined by weak temporal ridging; occiput squarish, interparietal wide and narrow; broad zygomatic plate with prominent anteriorly projecting spine (deep zygomatic notch), masseteric tubercle weakly developed; zygomatic arches stout and not bowed outward; braincase moderately deep, with convex dorsal outline, and overhangs occipital condyles; expansive parietals form dorsal sides of braincase along with squamo... [truncated]	
13001182	Leimacomys	Matschie 1893	GENUS					Leimacomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin p.107	Leimacomys büttneri Matschie, 1893.	Limacomys Lydekker, 1894 (see Rosevear, 1969:487).			Rosevear (1969) provided a particularly good summary of past taxonomic allocations of Leimacomys and the nature of the types, which consist of an imperfect skin and a specimen preserved in fluid; only one cranium and mandible have been located, but the different wear on upper and lower molars indicates the two elements to be mismatched.	
13001183	Leimacomys büttneri	Matschie 1893	SPECIES			büttneri		Leimacomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin p.109			Recorded only from the type locality; may also occur in adjacent high forest of Ghana (Grubb et al., 1998).	IUCN  Data Deficient.	Still known only by two specimens obtained in 1890 (Dieterlen, 1976a; Misonne, 1966; Rosevear, 1969). The species has not been collected for nearly a century and has been either declared extinct, regarded as critically endangered, or believed to still exist (see discussion and references in Grubb et al., 1998:189). Recent mammal surveys of Togo have not included forest habitats (Grubb et al., 1998) and so are uninformative about the present existence of L. buettneri in that country. The type locality is in high forest and the species is insectivorous (Dieterlen, 1976a); otherwise, its ecology and actual geographic distribution are a mystery. Insectivorous muroids are notoriously difficult to capture with usual kinds of traps and require pitfall and other techniques. Focused survey of long duration in forests of Togo and nearby in Ghana should be conducted to assess the status of this unique rodent.	Büttners African Forest Mouse
13001329	Dephomys defua	Miller 1900	SPECIES			defua		Dephomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. vol.2 p.635			Specimens are from Sierra Leone, Guinea (Mt Nimbo), Liberia, Côte dIvoire, and Ghana (derived from references cited below and specimens we examined).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Part of the murine fauna endemic to West Africa (see account of Grammomys buntingi). Taxonomy, morphology, range, and habits reviewed by Rosevear (1969) and Van der Straeten (1984). Grubb et al. (1998) reviewed populations in Ghana and Sierra Leone.	Defua Dephomys
13800146	Macroglossus minimus subsp. lagochilus	Matschie 1899	SUBSPECIES		lagochilus	minimus		Macroglossus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13001184	Murinae	Illiger 1811	SUBFAMILY						Muridae	Rodentia	Abh. Phys. Klasse K.-Preuss Akad. Wiss. Berlin, for 1804-11 p.46, 129		Anisomyes Ellerman, 1941 (Anisomyini Lidicker and Brylski, 1987); Arvicanthini Ducroz, Volobouev, and Granjon, 2001 [nomen nudum ]; Coniluridae Dahl, 1897 (Conilurini Lee, Baverstock, and Watts, 1981); Hydromyina Gray, 1825 (Hydromyinae Alston, 1876; Hydromyes Winge, 1887; Hydromyini Lee, Baverstock and Watts, 1981); Murina Illiger, 1811 (Murina Gray, 1825; Murinae Murray, 1866; Murini Winge, 1887; Mures Winge, 1887); Phloeomyinae Alston, 1876 (Phloeomyini Tullberg, 1899); Pseudomyinae Simpson, 1961; Rattidae Burnett, 1830; Uromyini Lee, Baverstock, and Watts, 1981; Rhynchomyinae Thomas, 1897.			<p>Diagnosis employing molar and cranial traits, and enumeration of external, cranial, postcranial, dental, reproductive, and arterial characteristics presented by Carleton and Musser (1984). Contents of subfamily generally as presented by them except that Acomys, Lophuromys, and Uranomys, formerly considered murines (e.g., Carleton and Musser, 1984; Ellerman, 1941; Misonne, 1969; Musser and Carleton, 1993), are excluded and treated under subfamily Deomyinae. Murinae is characterized by a cohesive cluster of external, cranial, postcranial, dental, reproductive, and arterial characteristics (Carleton and Musser, 1984), but derived molar conditions form the primary basis for defining the subfamily. Two neomorphic cusps, the anterostyle (t1) and enterostyle (t4), are present on the lingual border of M1and form two chevron-shaped, transverse lamina; both upper and lower molars lack longitudinal enamel crests (mures/ids) between lamina; and cusps on the lower molars are... [truncated]	
13001185	Abditomys	Musser 1982	GENUS					Abditomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.2730 p.3	Rattus latidens Sanborn, 1952.				RattusDivision. Monotypic member of the Philippine New Endemic cluster (Musser and Heaney, 1992).	
13001186	Abditomys latidens	Sanborn 1952	SPECIES			latidens		Abditomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Fieldiana Zool. vol.33 p.125			Greater Luzon Faunal Region; endemic to C and N Luzon where it is know only by a specimen from Laguna Province and another from Mountain Province (Heaney et al., 1998; Musser, 1982a).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	A close phylogenetic relative of Tryphomys adustus, another Luzon endemic (Musser and Heaney, 1992). Taxonomy and morphological data provided by Musser (1982a), who also reviewed the scanty available ecological information. One of the few Indoaustralian murines to bear a nail-like claw on the hallux instead of a claw.	Luzon Broad-toothed Rat
13001187	Abeomelomys	Menzies 1990	GENUS					Abeomelomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Science in New Guinea vol.16 p.133	Melomys sevia Tate and Archbold, 1935.				PogonomysDivision. Monotypic member of the New Guinea Old Endemics and a close morphological relative of Pogonomelomys (our research). Our allocation of Abeomelomys to the Pogonomys cluster is provisional pending a wider phylogenetic inquiry into New Guinea murines incorporating molecular and qualitative morphological data. Sperm morphology of Abeomelomys is distinctive and unlike that typical of Uromys and its allies in our Uromys Division (Breed and Aplin, 1994) or Coccymys and Pogonomelomys with which Abeomelomys has been associated in the past (Breed and Aplin, 1994; Musser and Breed, ms).	
13001188	Abeomelomys sevia	Tate and Archbold 1935	SPECIES			sevia		Abeomelomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.803 p.3		tatei (Hinton, 1943).	Papua New Guinea; disjunct montane populations in Central Cordillera of Papua New Guinea from Star Mtns (Telefomin area) in the west to Wau region of Morobe Province in the east, and isolated population in the Cromwell Range on Huon Peninsula; 1400-3100 m (Flannery, 1995a; Menzies, 1990).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Pogonomelomys sevia.	Originally described as a species of Melomys (Tate and Archbold, 1935) and subsequently transferred to Pogonomelomys (Rümmler, 1938) where it remained (Laurie and Hill, 1954; Tate, 1951) until sevia was made the type species of Abeomelomys (Menzies, 1990). Morphology of sevia has always been considered distinctive compared to mayeri and bruijnii, the two species of Pogonomelomys (Flannery, 1990b; Tate, 1951), but whether it should be separated from that genus remains a question because the traits used by Menzies to diagnose Abeomelomys simply duplicated the diagnostic morphological characters of sevia and did not identify Abeomelomys as a separate monophyletic group in any phylogenetic sense. Furthermore, Menzies (1990:134) distinguished A. sevia from the two species of Pogonomelomys by only its "grey-based ventral fur and the relatively long incisive foramina." Subsequently, Menzies (1996... [truncated]	Papuan Abeomelomys
13001189	Aethomys	Thomas 1915	GENUS					Aethomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.16 p.477	Epimys hindei Thomas, 1902.				<p>Aethomys Division. An isolated member of an apparently monophyletic Subsaharan murine radiation as estimated by albumin immunology (Watts and Baverstock, 1995a), but included in an Arvicanthis Division by Misonne (1969), who focused on molar occlusal patterns. Analyses of mtDNA sequences (cytochrome b and 12S and 16S gene fragments) placed Aethomys as the basal member of an African murine clade containing Grammomys, Hybomys, Dasymys, Leminiscomys, Rhabdomys, Desmomys, Pelomys, Mylomys, and Arvicanthis (Ducroz et al., 2001). The affinity with Arvicanthis, Hybomys, and Grammomys is supported by DNA/DNA hybridization (Chevret, 1994). Aethomys was originally proposed as subgenus of Epimys (=Rattus), then elevated to generic rank (see G. M. Allen, 1939:267). The genus was first reviewed by Ellerman (1941), then Davis (1975b), and... [truncated]	
13001190	Aethomys bocagei	Thomas 1904	SPECIES			bocagei		Aethomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.13 p.416			Recorded only from NW Angola (Crawford-Cabral, 1998) where it occurs in savannas interspersed with forest; geographic boundaries unresolved.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Morphology very similar to A. silindensis (see that account). Apparently uncommon (Crawford-Cabral, 1998).	Bocages Aethomys
13400086	Thryonomys	Fitzinger 1867	GENUS					Thryonomys	Thryonomyidae	Rodentia	Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wein vol.56 1 p.141	Aulacodus swinderianus Temminck, 1827.	Aulacodus  Temminck, 1827 [preoccupied by Aulacodus Eschscholtz, 1822, a genus of Coleoptera]; Choeromys Thomas, 1922; Triaulacodus Lydekker, 1896.				
13001191	Aethomys chrysophilus	de Winton 1896 "1897"	SPECIES			chrysophilus		Aethomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1896 p.801		acticola  (Thomas and Wroughton, 1908); alticola Lydekker, 1910; imago Thomas, 1927; singidae Kershaw, 1923; voi Osgood, 1910.	From SE Kenya south through Tanzania, Malawi (Denys et al., 1999), Zambia, S Angola (Crawford-Cabral, 1998), N Namibia, N and E Botswana, Zambia, Mozambique, and NE South Africa in a narrow band bordering Zimbabwe, Botswana, and Mozambique, generally the course of the Limpopo River; range abstracted from Linzey et al. (2003).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>Previously, data from chromosomes, hemoglobin electromorph mobility and banding patterns, and spermatozoal and bacular morphologies indicated that populations traditionally identified as A. chrysophilus in southern Africa consisted of two groups: chrysophilus and another species unidentified by scientific name (Breed, 1995a; Breed et al., 1988; Gordon and Rautenbach, 1980; Gordon and Watson, 1986; Visser and Robinson, 1986, 1987); the two are claimed to be indistinguishable in external morphology. This other species has recently been identified as A. ineptus, which, in addition to the traits listed above, can be distinguished by mtDNA cytochrome b sequences (Linzey, et al., 2003).</p><p>The two species were thought to be extensively sympatric in the Southern African Subregion (Taylor, 2000b), a conclusion based upon morphometric analyses of cytogenetically identified voucher specimens and material of unknown cytotypes (Chimimba... [truncated]	Red Veld Aethomys
13001192	Aethomys hindei	Thomas 1902	SPECIES			hindei		Aethomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.9 p.218		alghazal Wroughton, 1907; centralis Heller, 1914; helleri Hollister, 1918; medicatus Wroughton, 1909; norae Wroughton, 1909.	N Cameroon, S Chad, Central African Republic, N and NE Dem. Rep. Congo, S Sudan, SW Ethiopia (Bekele and Schlitter, 1989;Yalden et al., 1996), Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania (no farther south than Muanza); southern limits unresolved. Range abstracted mostly from Davis (1975b) and Denys and Tranier (1992).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Originally described as a species but later incorrectly arranged as a subspecies of A. kaiseri (e.g., Hollister, 1919; Swynnerton and Hayman, 1951), with which it is sympatric. Actual geographic range of A. hindei is unresolved because many series in museum collections and reported in the literature are misidentified as A. kaiseri. Davis (1975b) recognized two morphologically distinctive populations as subspecies, one to the east of the Eastern Rift Valley (hindei), and the other to the west (medicatus). Recent preliminary comparisons of cranial and dental traits among geographic samples of A. hindei along with multivariate analyses prompted Denys and Tranier (1992) to suggest that A. hindei likely consists of several species or distinctive geographic populations of one species: hindei, which would be restricted to Kenya; alghazal from N Cameroon, Central African Republic, NE Dem. Rep. Congo, and... [truncated]	Hindes Aethomys
13001193	Aethomys ineptus	Thomas and Wroughton 1908	SPECIES			ineptus		Aethomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1908 p.546		capricornis Roberts, 1926; fouriei Roberts, 1946; harei Roberts, 1946; magalakuini Roberts, 1926; pretoriae (Roberts, 1913); tongensis Roberts, 1931; tzaneenensis Jameson, 1909.	Documented from NE South Africa (Mpumalanga, Gauteng, North West, Limpopo, Northern Cape, and KwaZulu-Natal Provs.; from about 25E30' S in the north southward to the Durban region) and S Mozambique; distribution in this region unresolved (Linzey et al., 2003).		Separation of A. ineptus from A. chrysophilus documented by Chimimba (1998), Chimimba et al. (1999), and Linzey et al. (2003). Geographic range of A. ineptus was thought to incorporate parts of Namibia, Botswana, and Zimbabwe (Chimimba, 1998; Chimimba et al., 1999; Taylor, 2000b), but recent documentation of positively identified specimens indicates its distribution to be largely parapatric with that of A. chrysophilus, which occurs in South Africa only along the NE margin approximating the Limpopo River drainage, but has an extensive range northward to SE Kenya (Linzey et al., 2003). Redefinition of A. ineptus by Linzey et al. (2003) prompts a reevaluation of the clinal pattern of cranial size within the species proposed by Chimimba (2001b). See account of A. chrysophilus.	Tete Veld Aethomys
13001194	Aethomys kaiseri	Noack 1887	SPECIES			kaiseri		Aethomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Zool. Jahrb. Syst. vol.2 p.228		amalae Dollman, 1914; hintoni Hatt, 1934; manteufeli Matschie, 1911; pedester Thomas, 1911; turneri Heller, 1914; vernayi Hill and Carter, 1937; walambae Wroughton, 1907.	SW Uganda, S Kenya, Rwanda, S and E Dem. Rep. Congo, W and SW Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, and NC Angola; range mostly derived from Davis (1975b).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Significance of regional morphological variation needs to be assessed by a systematic revision. Westernmost population is that in Angola (". . . the Cuanza-Luando Mesopotamia, the Cuango River and the Southern Lunda Province"; Crawford-Cabral, 1999:180), referred to as A. k. vernayi, which seems to be isolated from the primary range of A. kaiseri (Hill and Carter [1941] treated vernayi as a species); genetic intergradation between populations of vernayi and kaiseri has yet to be documented (Crawford-Cabral, 1998, 1999). Crawford-Cabral (1998) reviewed Angolan population, and Grimshaw et al. (1995) discussed Mt Kilimanjaro records. Cytogenetics (C- and G-banding) and complete mtDNA cytochrome b sequence of Zambian A. kaiseri characterized and constrasted with samples of A. chrysophilus by Castiglia et al. (2003b); see account of the latter.	Kaisers Aethomys
13001202	Anonymomys mindorensis	Musser 1981	SPECIES			mindorensis		Anonymomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.168 p.300			Greater Mindoro Faunal Region: endemic to Mindoro and recorded only from primary mountain forest on Mount Halcon although probably occurs throughout the island where montane forest formations persist.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	The original series of this arboreal montane rat consists of three specimens collected in 1954 (Musser, 1981b); three additional examples were collected on northern flanks of Mount Halcon during 1992 (in CMNH). Anonymomys mindorensis joins Apomys gracilirostris, Chrotomys mindorensis, Rattus mindorensis, and an undescribed species of Maxomys as Mindoran endemics.	Mindoro Forest Anonymomys
13001195	Aethomys nyikae	Thomas 1897	SPECIES			nyikae		Aethomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1897 p.431		dollmani Hatt, 1934.	Known only from NE Zambia (1978), Malawi (Ansell and Dowsett, 1988; Ansell, 1989b), NE Angola (Crawford-Cabral, 1998), and S Dem. Rep. Congo (Hatt, 1934b); see Davis (1975b).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Delany (1975) considered nyikae to be a synonym of A. kaiseri, but others (Davis, 1975b; Ansell, 1978, 1989b) correctly treated it as a separate species. Ansell (1978) documented geographic range and discussed identity of dollmani; inclusion of that taxon, which is based upon samples from S Dem. Rep. Congo (Hatt, 1934b), is provisional (Davis, 1975b). The published record from Eastern Ngorima Reserve in E Zimbabwe (Davis, 1975b), represented by the only specimen (now lost) from south of the Zambezi River, is probably based on a juvenile A. silindensis (Chimimba, 1998:434) and is likely the basis for de Graaffs (1997x) indication that A. nyikae occurs in the Southern African Subregion. All current evidence indicates the species does not occur in southern Africa south of the Zambezi-Cunene Rivers (C. T. Chimimba, 2002, in litt.). A specimen collected at Duque de Bragança, just north of the Central Angolan Plateau, may... [truncated]	Nyika Aethomys
13001196	Aethomys silindensis	Roberts 1938	SPECIES			silindensis		Aethomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Transvaal Mus. vol.19 p.245			E Zimbabwe (Chimimba et al., 1999:508; Skinner and Smithers, 1990:277).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	For more than 30 years known only by two specimens from the type locality, but material has now been obtained from the nearby Ngorima Reserve in Melsetter Dist. and Stapleford in Umtali Dist., and the species may also extend north along the escarpment in E Zimbabwe and the adjacent W Vila Pery Dist. in Mozambique (Chimimba, 1998; Skinner and Smithers, 1990). Particular derived external, cranial, and dental traits phylogenetically tie A. silindensis to the Angolan A. bocagei. Aethomys silindensis is morphologically very distinctive compared with other species in the genus occurring in the Southern African Subregion (Chimimba et al., 1999). Reviewed by de Graaff (1997u).	Seilinda Aethomys
13001197	Aethomys stannarius	Thomas 1913	SPECIES			stannarius		Aethomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.11 p.482			N Nigeria to W Cameroon.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	A West African endemic that was originally described as a species and recognized as such (G. M. Allen, 1939; Ellerman, 1941; Rosevear, 1969), subsequently included in A. hindei as a subspecies (Davis, 1975b), then treated again as a distinctive species (Denys and Tranier, 1992; Hutterer and Joger, 1982; Musser and Carleton, 1993). Rosevear (1969) provided an excellent and comprehensive description. Member of the murine fauna endemic to West Africa (see account of Grammomys buntingi).	West African Aethomys
13001198	Aethomys thomasi	de Winton 1897	SPECIES			thomasi		Aethomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.20 p.327			Endemic to Central Plateau of Angola; see Crawford-Cabral, 1999:190).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	A morphologically distinctive Angolan endemic related to A. kaiseri and the "eastern African A. hindei-A. medicatus complex of species" (Crawford-Cabral, 1999:179). Although Crawford-Cabral (1986) suspected A. kaiseri to overlap with A. thomasi in the central highlands, he has recently shown the two species to have parapatric distributions in C Angola (Crawford-Cabral, 1999), and outlined an hypothesis describing origin of A. thomasi within the context of zoogeographic origins and current distributions for other members of the A. kaiseri complex (Crawford-Cabral, 1999:191).	Thomass Aethomys
13001199	Anisomys	Thomas 1903 "1904"	GENUS					Anisomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1903 2 p.199	Anisomys imitator Thomas, 1904.				PogonomysDivision. Monotypic member of the New Guinea Old Endemics (Musser, 1981c). Lidicker (1968) documented phallic morphology of Anisomys imitator and other New Guinea endemic murines, and concluded that the phallic morphology of Anisomys retained a high proportion of ancestral states. Breed and Aplin (1994:26) regarded morphology of the sperm head of Anisomys to be plesiomorphic for Muridae and the genus to be one of the "earliest offshoots of the Australo-Papuan murid radiation." Anisomys was used as the type genus of Anisomyini by Lidicker and Brylski (1987), but Ellerman (1941) had already isolated the genus as Anisomyes, which he thought probably merited subfamily rank. Watts and Baverstock (1994b), based on microcomplement fixation of albumin, retained Anisomyini and also included Chiruromys, Hyomys, Macruromys, Mallomys, Coccymys, and Pogonomys in it.	
13001200	Anisomys imitator	Thomas 1903 "1904"	SPECIES			imitator		Anisomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1903 p.200			Forested mountain backbone of mainland New Guinea from the Weyland Range in the west to the eastern margin of the Owen Stanley Range in the east; also in the Huon Peninsula; sea level to 3500 m.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Flannery (1990b, 1995a) provided description of the species and revealing distribution map. Musser and Lunde (ms) documented its altitudinal distributions in the Snow Mtns of Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya) and Mt Dayman region of eastern Papua New Guinea. Chromosomal data reported by Donnellan (1987).	Uneven-toothed Rat
13001201	Anonymomys	Musser 1981	GENUS					Anonymomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.168 p.300	Anonymomys mindorensis Musser, 1981.				DacnomysDivision. Contrasted with Indomalayan and Sulawesian murines by Musser (1981c) and Musser and Newcomb (1983). Morphology and distribution reviewed and compared with other Philippine murines by Musser and Heaney (1992). Except that Anonymomys has no close phylogenetic links to any of the Philippine Old Endemics or New Endemics in the Rattus Division (Musser and Heaney, 1992), its affinities are unresolved. Of the two published speculations, a tie to Bornean and Sulawesi Haeromys (Musser and Newcomb, 1983) or primitive relative of Indomalayan Niviventer and its phylogenetic allies (Musser, 1981b), the latter is a better estimate based upon interpretation of available morphological data: "Anonymomys may be distantly related to Niviventer and its relatives, perhaps a species with many primitive characters that is part, possibly a remnant, of an early stock from which Niviventer, Chiromyscus, Leop... [truncated]	
13001203	Apodemus	Kaup 1829	GENUS					Apodemus	Muridae	Rodentia	Skizz. Entwickel.-Gesch. Nat. Syst. Europ. Thierwelt vol.1 p.154	Mus agrarius Pallas, 1771.	Alsomys  Dukelski, 1928; Karstomys Martino, 1939; Nemomys Thomas, 1924; Petromys Martino, 1934; Sylvaemus Ognev, 1924.			<p>Apodemus Division. Diagnosed by Niethammer (1978d) using skeletal and soft tissues, body size, and dental traits, and by Martín Suárez and Mein (1998) using dental characters only. Recognized species have been allocated among the subgenera Apodemus, Sylvaemus, Alsomys, and Karstomys (Corbet, 1978c; Zimmermann, 1962), but whether these names designate monophyletic clusters and should be retained as subgenera or instead raised to generic rank remains to be answered by critical systematic revision of the entire group, which is currently unavailable. Most taxonomists appreciate at least the subgeneric validity of Apodemus and Sylvaemus; some suggest Sylvaemus should be raised to generic rank because of its great morphological and genetic divergence from Apodemus (Britton-Davidian et al., 1991; Mezhzherin and Zykov, 1991); others either treat Sylvaemus as a separate genus or suggest it should be re... [truncated]	
13001204	Apodemus agrarius	Pallas 1771	SPECIES			agrarius		Apodemus	Muridae	Rodentia	Reise Prov. Russ. Reichs. vol.1 p.454		albostriatus  (Bechstein, 1801); caucasicus Kuznetzov, 1944; chejuensis Johnson and Jones, 1955; coreae Thomas, 1908; gloveri Kuroda, 1939 [see Kaneko and Maeda, 2002]; harti (Thomas, 1898); henrici Lehmann, 1970; insulaemus Tokuda, 1939 [nomen nudum; see Kaneko and Maeda, 2002]; insulaemus Tokuda, 1941 [see Kaneko and Maeda, 2002]; istrianus Krytufek, 1985; kahmanni Malec and Storch, 1963; karelicus Ehrström, 1914; maculatus (Bechstein, 1801); mantchuricus (Thomas, 1898); nicolskii Charlemagne, 1933 [see Zagorodnyuk, 1992b]; nikolskii Migouline, 1927; ningpoensis (Swinhoe, 1870); ognevi Johansen, 1923; pallescens Johnson and Jones, 1955; pallidior Thomas, 1908; pratensis (Ockskay, 1831); rubens (Oken, 1816); septentrionalis Ognev, 1924; tianschanicus Ognev, 1940; volgensis Kuznetzov, 1944.	Palearctic and Oriental regions in two disjunct segments. One from C Europe (from S Finland, Baltic region, through Poland and C Germany to NE Italy and through the Balkan countries to Greece, Romania, Bulgaria, and Turkish Thrace; Mitchell-Jones et al., 1999; Petrov, 1992; Vohralík, 1992; Vohralík and Sofianidou, 1992b) east to the Caucasus, parts of Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, and west of Lake Baikal region and adjacent Mongolia and NW China (Xinjiang). The other portion from the Amur River region in far E Russia extending through Korea (including some offshore islands) and westward through China from northern reaches of Nei Mongol and Heilongjiang in the northeast to W Yunnan (Wang, 2003; Zhang et al., 1997); also in the small Senkaku Isl group of Japan (Kaneko, 1994) and on Taiwan (M.-J. Yu, 1996). Expansion of geographic range due to anthropogenic pressures reported by Karaseva et al. (1992).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>Apodemus group. Most closely related to A. chevrieri as reflected by morphology (see that account). Phylogenetic analyses of mtDNA cytochrome b and nuclear IRBP sequences clearly identified A. chevrieri and A. agrarius as sister-species that are part of a larger clade composed of A. peninsulae, A. draco, A. semotus, A. latronum, and A. speciosus, which represents an evolutionary radiation separate from that producing the Japanese A. argenteus and Nepalese A. gurkha (Liu et al., 2004; Suzuki et al., 2003). Noteworthy morphological studies bearing on systematics of European populations are: seasonal changes in gut morphology, and the relationships between allozyme heterozygosity and gut morphology (Borkowska, 1995; Borkowska and Ratkiewicz, 1996); research on the thymus (Bazan-Kubik and Skrzypiec, 1992); and comparisons between postnatal development of German A. agrarius and A. sylvaticus... [truncated]	Striped Field Mouse
13001205	Apodemus alpicola	Heinrich 1952	SPECIES			alpicola		Apodemus	Muridae	Rodentia	J. Mammal. vol.33 p.260		alpinus Heinrich, 1951.	Endemic to NW parts of the Alps: S Germany, Austria (Bauer and Spitzenberger, 1996; Spitzenberger and Englisch, 1996), Liechtenstein, Switzerland (Hausser, 1995; Margry, 1996; Maurizio, 1994), N Italy (Amori et al., 1999), and SE France; altitudinal range 550-2000 m (Mitchell-Jones et al., 1999).	IUCN  Data Deficient.	Sylvaemus group. Originally described as a high-altitude form of A. flavicollis, but recognized as distinct by Storch and Lütt (1989), who reviewed morphology and distribution of S. alpicola and noted that it occurred syntopically with A. sylvaticus and A. flavicollis. The specific integrity of S. alpicola has been confirmed by allozymic and gene sequence studies (Filippucci, 1992; Filippucci et al., 2002; Liu et al., 2004; Michaux et al., 2002a; Reutter et al., 2003; Serizawa et al., 2000; Suzuki et al., 2003; Vogel et al., 1991). Filippuccis (1992) report of allozymic variation at 28-33 loci suggested that A. alpicola may be most closely related to A. uralensis, which occurs from E Europe to NW China (similar results are reported for Turkish samples by Filippucci et al., 1996), and that A. uralensis, A. flavicollis, A. alpicola, and A. hermonensis (= A. witherbyi... [truncated]	Alpine Field Mouse
13001206	Apodemus argenteus	Temminck 1844	SPECIES			argenteus		Apodemus	Muridae	Rodentia	In Siebold, Temminck, and Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, Arnz et Socii, Lugduni Batavorum p.51		celatus  (Thomas, 1906); geisha (Thomas, 1905); hokkaidi (Thomas, 1906); sagax Thomas, 1908; tanei Kuroda, 1924 [see Kaneko and Maeda, 2002]; yakui (Thomas, 1906).	Endemic to Japan (Dobson, 1994); the four main islands (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu) along with some smaller ones (Abe and Ishii, 1987; Corbet, 1978c:136; Kaneko, 1994).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>argenteus group. Zimmermann (1962) included A. argenteus in the subgenus Alsomys, but this allocation was questioned by Corbet (1978c:136). Based on external, cranial, dental, and chromosomal features, Musser et al. (1996:184) could not place A. argenteus in any existing subgenus of Apodemus and wrote that the species "needs to be compared with other species in the genus within a revisionary study that focuses on phylogenetic analyses of morphological and biochemical characters before we can identify its nearest phyletic affinity." Comparison of genomes among several species of Apodemus, as assessed by differentiation of ribosomal DNA restriction sites (Suzuki et al., 1990), restriction-fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP) of nuclear DNA (Chelomina, 1998; Chelomina et al., 1995), mtDNA cytochrome b sequences (Chelomina et al., 1998b; Liu et al., 2004) and phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial cytochrome b and nucl... [truncated]	Small Japanese Field Mouse
13001225	Apomys abrae	Sanborn 1952	SPECIES			abrae		Apomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Fieldiana Zool. vol.33 2 p.133			Greater Luzon Faunal Region. Endemic to Central Cordillera of N Luzon (Benguet, Ilocos Norte, and Mountain provinces), 1060-2500 m (Musser, 1982b; Heaney et al., 1998).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Included within the Apomys abrae hylocetes Group by Musser (1982b).	Luzon Cordillera Apomys
13700576	Sorex planiceps	Miller 1911	SPECIES			planiceps		Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.24 p.242			Kashmir (India) and N Pakistan.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Considered a subspecies of thibetanus by Dolgov and Hoffmann (1977) and Hoffmann (1987, 1996a, b), but retained by Hutterer (1979) because of larger skull measurements. The problem remains unresolved.	Kashmir Pygmy Shrew
13001207	Apodemus chevrieri	Milne-Edwards 1868	SPECIES			chevrieri		Apodemus	Muridae	Rodentia	Rech. Hist. Nat. Mammifères p.288		fergussoni  Thomas, 1911.	WC China; from Shaanxi and S Gansu through W Hubei, Sichuan, and Guizhou to W Yunnan (Corbet and Hill, 1992; Zhang et al., 1997).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Apodemusgroup. Sister-species to A. agrarius (see that account). Included in A. agrarius by G. M. Allen (1940), Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), and Corbet (1978c), but was earlier listed as a species by Ellerman (1941). Currently recognized as a species distinct from A. agrarius (Corbet and Hill, 1992; Koh, 1991; Liu et al., 2002; Musser and Carleton, 1993; Musser et al., 1996; Wang, 1985b, 2003; Xia, 1984; Yang and Fang, 1988). Sympatric with A. agrarius in Sichuan and Ghizhou provinces (Wang, 1985b; Xia, 1985). On Wuliang Mtn in C Yunnan, A. chevrieri occurs between 1800 and 2300 m where it overlaps with A. draco, which is more common at higher altitudes up to 2860 m (Jiang and Wang, 2000). Reviewed and contrasted with A. agrarius by Musser et al. (1996). Evolutionary history in the Sichuan-Guizhou region of S China extends back to early Pleistocene (Zheng, 1993).	Chevriers Field Mouse
13001208	Apodemus draco	Barrett-Hamilton 1900	SPECIES			draco		Apodemus	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1900 p.418		argenteus  (Swinhoe, 1870) [not Temminck, 1844]; badius (Swinhoe, 1870) [not Blyth, 1859]; ilex Thomas, 1922; orestes Thomas, 1911.	China (Fujian, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Anhui, Henan, Hubei, and Hunan in the east through Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ninxia, Gansu and Guangxi to Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan, and SE Xizang in the west), N and EC Burma (Kachin and Chin states, respectively), and NE India (Arunachal Pradesh; USNM 564492, 564493); see Musser et al., (1996), Agrawal (2000), Corbet and Hill (1992), Feng et al. (1986) and Zhang et al. (1997).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Apodemus Group. Included in subgenus Alsomys by Zimmerman (1962) and Pavlinov et al. (1995a) but placed in the "Apodemus Group" by Musser et al. (1996), which contains the Eastern Asian species Zimmerman placed in Alsomys as well as A. agrarius and A. chevrieri, which are in subgenus Apodemus. Originally described as a subspecies of A. sylvaticus, and listed that way by some workers (G. M. Allen, 1940; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951), but correctly listed as a separate species by others (Corbet, 1978c; Corbet and Hill, 1991; Ellerman, 1941; Xia, 1985), who also thought there was a close relationship between A. draco and A. argenteus, which is unsupported by cranial and dental morphology (Musser et al., 1996). Corbet and Hill (1992) recognized orestes as a separate species sympatric or possibly parapatric with A. draco, and their treatment is followed i... [truncated]	South China Field Mouse
13001209	Apodemus epimelas	Nehring 1902	SPECIES			epimelas		Apodemus	Muridae	Rodentia	Sitz. Ber. Ges. Nat. Fr. Berlin vol.1902 p.2		Sylvaemus  group. A close relative of A. mystacinus, which has been considered the sole member of Karstomys, although Musser et al. (1996) placed it in their Sylvaemus Group, a relationship weakly to strongly corroborated by allozymic studies (Filippucci et al., 2002; Mezhzherin, 1997a) and phylogenetic analyses of nuclear IRBP and mtDNA cytochrome b and 12S rRNA sequences (Michaux et al., 2002a, in press). Described as a species and listed that way by Ellerman (1941) but subsequently treated as a subspecies of A. mystacinus (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; Corbet, 1978c; Musser and Carleton, 1993; Pavlinov et al., 1995a). Based on morphology and biochemical genetic variation data, Mezhzherin (1997a) separated epimelas as a species separate from A. mystacinus, an action supported by phylogenetic analyses of protein electrophoresis of 28-38 gene loci (Filippucci et al., 2002) and mtDNA cytochrome b and 12S rRNA sequences (Michaux et al., 2002a). That the Balkan epimelas was a different species than the Anatolian mystacinus was indicated in Mitchell-Jones et al. (1999), and the basic discriminatory data was provided earlier by Storch (1977; who also wrote the account in Mitchell-Jones et al., 1999) who documented the significant differences between the two in occlusal patterns of M1 and M2 (posterior cingulum is free in most epimelas, but coalesced with cusp t8 in mystacinus); we verified these contrasts in series from Greece, Montenegro, and Turkey in USNM. Karyotype of Macedonian sample recorded and compared with published karyotypes from other regions (Zima et al., 1997a, as mystacinus). Greek samples of A. epimelas (recorded as mystacinus), A. sylvaticus, and A. flavicollis contrasted using data from electrophoretic and immunological sources (Fraguedakis-Tsolis et al., 1983).	W and S Balkans in W Croatia, W Bosnia and Herzegovina, S Serbia and Montenegro, Albania, Macedonia, W Bulgaria and Greece (the European portion of mystacinus mapped by Mitchell-Jones et al. [1999]; also see Peshev [1996], Petrov [1992], Prigioni [1996], and Vohralík [1992], all reported as mystacinus), and Adriatic islands of Kor&#133;ula and Mljet (Mitchell-Jones et al., 1999).		<p>Sylvaemus group. A close relative of A. mystacinus, which has been considered the sole member of Karstomys, although Musser et al. (1996) placed it in their Sylvaemus Group, a relationship weakly to strongly corroborated by allozymic studies (Filippucci et al., 2002; Mezhzherin, 1997a) and phylogenetic analyses of nuclear IRBP and mtDNA cytochrome b and 12S rRNA sequences (Michaux et al., 2002a, in press). Described as a species and listed that way by Ellerman (1941) but subsequently treated as a subspecies of A. mystacinus (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; Corbet, 1978c; Musser and Carleton, 1993; Pavlinov et al., 1995a). Based on morphology and biochemical genetic variation data, Mezhzherin (1997a) separated epimelas as a species separate from A. mystacinus, an action supported by phylogenetic analyses of protein electrophoresis of 28-38 gene loci (Filippucci et al., 2002) and mtDNA cytoch... [truncated]	Western Broad-toothed Field Mouse
13001210	Apodemus flavicollis	Melchior 1834	SPECIES			flavicollis		Apodemus	Muridae	Rodentia	Dansk. Staat. Norg. Pattedyr p.99		arianus  (Blanford, 1881); brauneri Martino, 1927; cellarius (Fischer, 1866); dietzi Kahmann, 1964; erythronotus (Blanford, 1875) [not Temminck, 1844]; fennicus (Hilzheimer, 1911); geminae Lehmann, 1961; levantinus Bate, 1942; princeps (Barrett-Hamilton, 1900); samariensis Ognev, 1923; saturatus Neuhäuser, 1936; stankovici Martino and Martino, 1937; tauricus (Pallas, 1811); typicus (Barrett-Hamilton, 1900); wintoni (Barrett-Hamilton, 1899).	S England and Wales; on the continent from N Spain through most of Europe to 64E N in S Finland and S Sweden, and south to S Italy, Balkan region, and Greece (Mitchell-Jones et al., 1999; Van der Straeten, 1977a); east through Belarus and Ukraine to Urals; throughout Turkey (Filippucci et al., 1996; Frynta et al., 2001; Krytufek and Vohralík, 2001; Macholán et al., 2001b; Pamukoglu and Albayrak, 1996; specimens in USNM) and east to W Armenia (Frynta et al., 2001; Macholán et al., 2001), Zagros Mtns of W Iran (Krytufek, 2002a; Macholán et al, 2001; USNM material), and south to Syria, Lebanon, and C and N Israel (Filippucci, 1992; Filippucci et al., 2002; Qumsiyeh, 1996:289). The species also occurs on some NE Aegean Isls off W coast of Turkey (Özkan and Krytufek, 1999) and S Greece (Vohralík et al., 1996), Adriatic islands (Mitchell-Jones et al., 1999), and Corfu in the Mediterranean (Cheylan, 1991); Corbet (1978c:134) and Mezhzherin (1997a:35) mapped overall range. Absent from most of Iberian Peninsula and W France, Iceland, Ireland, Balearic Isls, and islands of Sardinia, Corsica, Sicily, and Cyprus; also does not occur in most of the Caucasus (except WArmenia) where it is apparently replaced by the closely related A. ponticus.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as A. flavicollis and A. arianus.	<p>Sylvaemus group. Geographic variation of E European samples in the context of testing correlation between phenotypic and genotypic variations of certain morphological characters documented by Orlov and Okulova (2001). Additional research using a variety of data sources that provide comparative information among populations of A. flavicollis are: B chromosome polymorphism among populations (Vujosevic et al., 1991), and presence or absence of B chromosomes and the attendant biological significance (Blagojevi&#131; and Vujoevi&#131;, 1995; Macholán and Zima, 1997; Ramalhinho and Libois, 2002; Vujoevi&#131; and Blagojevi&#131;, 1995, 2000; Zima et al., 1999a, 2003); chromosomal morphologies of Macedonian (Zima et al., 1997a) and Baltic (Boyeskorov et al., 1992) samples; genetic variation in a fluctuating Polish population (Wójcik, 1993); and mtDNA cytochrome b haplotype divergence among W European samples (Reutter et al., 2003). Phylogeographic histo... [truncated]	Yellow-necked Field Mouse
13001249	Batomys	Thomas 1895	GENUS					Batomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.16 p.162	Batomys granti Thomas, 1895.	Mindanaomys Sanborn, 1953.			Phloeomys Division. A Philippine Old Endemic (Musser and Heaney, 1992). Using morphological data, Musser and Heaney (1992) placed Batomys in the same monophyletic group as Crateromys and Carpomys and among some alternative hypotheses about relationships suggested that Phloeomys may also be a member of this group. Phylogenetic analyses of complete mtDNA cytochrome b sequences for 13 of the 16 genera of Philippine murines bring together Batomys, Crateromys, and Phloeomys in a clade separate from those formed by other Old Endemic genera; species of Carpomys were not sampled (Jansa and Heaney, 2001). Revised by Musser et al. (1998a).	
13400112	Erethizon dorsata subsp. epixanthus	Brandt 1835	SUBSPECIES		epixanthus	dorsata		Erethizon	Erethizontidae	Rodentia							
13001211	Apodemus gurkha	Thomas 1924	SPECIES			gurkha		Apodemus	Muridae	Rodentia	J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. vol.29 p.888			Endemic to coniferous forest in C Nepal between 2200 and 3600 m (Martens and Niethammer, 1972).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	gurkhagroup. Usually considered a member of subgenus Alsomys (Pavlinov et al., 1995a), but placed in an Apodemus Group by Musser et al. (1996), which corresponds to subgenus Apodemus. Phylogenetic analyses of mtDNA cytochrome b and nuclear IRBP sequences identified A. gurkha as distinct from any other species sampled (A. argenteus, A. speciosus, A. peninsulae, A. agrarius,A. chevrieri, A. semotus, A. draco, A. latronum, A. sylvaticus, A. flavicollis, and A. alpicola), and to represent an ancient lineage, one of the first to have diverged from an ancestral stock (A. argenteus is the other ancient line), and one that is older than the evolutionary origins of A. agrarius and its East Asian allies and the European species of Apodemus (Serizawa et al., 2000; Suzuki et al., 2003). Reviewed and contrasted with A. sylvaticus<... [truncated]	Nepalese Field Mouse
13001212	Apodemus hyrcanicus	Vorontsov, Boyeskorov, and Mezhzherin 1992	SPECIES			hyrcanicus		Apodemus	Muridae	Rodentia	Zool. Zh. vol.71 p.127			E Caucasus, where it is found in the low mountain broadleaf forests of the Talysh region of SE Azerbaijan (Gromov and Erbajeva, 1995; Vorontsov et al., 1992:124). Then ranges eastward in the Hyrcanian forests (deciduous formations in which Quercus, Fagus, and Carpinus predominate) along southern border of the Caspian Sea in N Iran (on coast and northern slopes of Elburez Mtns) from Astara on the west coast (USNM 354778); through Sama (FMNH 97462, 97464), Sari (USNM 369857) and Amol (USNM 369858) on southern border; to Dar Kaleh (AMNH series) on SE coast; then extends east of Caspian Sea on northern slopes of Elburez Mtns in Khorassan Province of NE Iran through the Gorgan (large FMNH and USNM samples), Gouladah (AMNH material), Shah Pasand (USNM), and Bojnurd (USNM) regions to vicinity of Dasht (series in AMNH), which is easternmost record of species (at 37E19' N/56E01' E); possibly also occurs in SW Turkmenistan on eastern border of Caspian Sea. Altitudinal range, sea level to 1830 m.	IUCN  Data Deficient.	<p>Sylvaemusgroup. Apodemus hyrcanicus was originally characterized by Vorontsov et al. (1989) using four allozyme loci and subsequently defined by Mezhzherin et al. (1992) and Vorontsov et al. (1992) with 40 loci in addition to chromosomal and morphological characters. Macholán et al. (2001) have recently identified (using allozyme and morphological data) A. hyrcanicus from two localities in N Iran, and our identification of specimens in AMNH, FMNH, and USNM uncovered the range throughout N Iran between the Elburez Mtns and Caspian Sea and east into NE Iran. Frynta et al. (2001) provided the first multivariate analysis of morphological traits for A. hyrcanicus, contrasting specimens from N Iran with samples of A. flavicollis, A.witherbyi (reported as arianus), and A. uralensis from W Iran, Armenia, and E Turkey. Included in Mezhzherins (1997a) study of N Eurasian Apodemus. Analysis of 18-38 loci by Filippucci et al... [truncated]	Hyrcanian Field Mouse
13001213	Apodemus latronum	Thomas 1911	SPECIES			latronum		Apodemus	Muridae	Rodentia	Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.100 p.49			S China (E Xizang, Yunnan, Sichuan, and Qinghai) and N Burma (Ellerman, 1961; Feng et al., 1986; Musser et al., 1996; Wang, 2003; Zhang et al., 1997).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Apodemusgroup. Usually placed in subgenus Alsomys (Pavlinov et al., 1995a); included in an Apodemus group by Musser et al. (1996). Treated as a subspecies of A. draco by Feng et al. (1986), but A. latronum is a separate species that is sympatric with A. draco in Sichuan, Yunnan, and NE Burma (Musser et al., 1996). Karyotype reported by Chen et al. (1996). Analysis of protein electrophoresis aligns A. latronum with A. draco and not A. chevrieri, the only three species in the study (Bing et al., 1996), an alliance also reflected by morphology. Phylogenetic analyses of mtDNA cytochrome b and nuclear IRBP sequences united A. latronum in a clade with A. draco and A. semotus that is part of a larger lineage containing A. agrarius, A. chevrieri, A. peninsulae, and A. speciosus (Suzuki et al., 2003; also see account of A. draco). Musse... [truncated]	Large-eared Field Mouse
13001214	Apodemus mystacinus	Danford and Alston 1877	SPECIES			mystacinus		Apodemus	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1877 p.279		euxinus  G. Allen, 1914; pohlei Aharoni, 1932; rhodius Festa, 1914; smyrnensis (Thomas, 1903).	On some Aegean islands (Rhodes, Crete, Corfu, and other inshore islands; Cheylan, 1991; Özkan and Krytufek et al., 1999; Storch, 1977); eastward through Turkey (Felten et al., 1973; Krytufek and Vohralík, 2001; Pamukoglu and Albayrak, 1996) to S Georgia in Caucasus (Gromov and Erbajeva, 1995); south and east to N and C Israel, Lebanon, NW Jordan (Benda and Sádlová, 1999; Mendelssohn and Yom-Tov, 1999; Qumsiyeh, 1996; Tchernov, 1979, who discussed extant and Pleistocene samples), Syria (Shehab et al., 1999), and N Iraq; see non-European distribution in Corbet (1978c), Niethammer (1978a), Mitchell-Jones (1999), and review of distribution in the Near East by Harrison and Bates (1991).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>Sylvaemus group. Reviewed by Storch (1977) and Niethammer (1978a), who included krkensis as a subspecies; that form, however, is a color phase of A. sylvaticus (see that account). Usually regarded as sole member of subgenus Karstomys, but included in a Sylvaemus Group by Musser et al. (1996); placed in subgenus Karstomys of genus Sylvaemus by Mezhzherin (1997a) and Pavlinov et al. (1995a), but in an "Apodemus group" by Liu et al. (2004). Electrophoretic analyses of allozyme variation indicated A. mystacinus (and A. epimelas) to be a distinct species justifiably placed within subgenus Sylvaemus (Britton-Davidian et al., 1991; Filippucci, 1992; Filippucci et al., 2002; Gemmeke, 1980; Mezhzherin et al., 1992). Data from nuclear IRBP and mtDNA cytochrome b and 12S rRNA sequences also indicated weak affinity with Sylvaemus (Michaux et al., 2002a), as... [truncated]	Eastern Broad-toothed Field Mouse
13001215	Apodemus pallipes	Barrett-Hamilton 1900	SPECIES			pallipes		Apodemus	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1900 p.417		bushengensis Zheng, 1979; pentax (Wroughton, 1908); wardi (Wroughton, 1908).	Pamirs and adjacent mountainous extensions in S Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan (Mezhzherin, 1997a); south through the Hindu Kush and auxiliary high ranges of N Afghanistan from Herat Province in the west (FMNH specimens) to Kabul region (FMNH) and provinces of Badakhshan (FMNH) and Konar (FMNH 103601) in the east; Pamirs and Himalayas in N Pakistan in districts of Chitral (material in AMNH), Swat (USNM series), Dir (USNM), Hazara (large USNM samples, including USNM 411143 and 411144, which are topotypes of pentax), Gilgit (USNM specimens), and Baltistan (USNM); Jammu-Kashmir region of NW India (USNM and AMNH material); eastward through Himalayas to C Nepal (specimens in FMNH) and possibly SW Xizang (Tibet). Altitudinal range, 1465-3965 m, with most records from above 2440 m.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Apodemus wardi.	<p>Sylvaemus group. Originally described as a subspecies of Mus sylvaticus, retained as a subspecies of Apodemus sylvaticus (Ellerman, 1941; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951), treated as a synonym of that species (Corbet, 1978c; Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987), and finally included in A. uralensis (Musser and Carleton, 1993; Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1998; Pavlinov et al., 1995a). Mezhzherin (1997a), who examined the holotype, used pallipes for a species phylogenetically related to A. uralensis, but larger in body size with paler dorsum, more white on underparts, and occurring farther south in the Pamirs of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, and mountainous N Afghanistan and Pakistan. Many of the specimens in the institutions cited above, especially those from high altitudes (Kashmir, for example), conform to original descriptions of pallipes (Barrett-Hamilton, 1990) and wardi from Kashmir (Wroughton, 1908b); spec... [truncated]	Himalayan Field Mouse
13400113	Erethizon dorsata subsp. myops	Merriam 1900	SUBSPECIES		myops	dorsata		Erethizon	Erethizontidae	Rodentia							
13400114	Erethizon dorsata subsp. nigrescens	Allen 1903	SUBSPECIES		nigrescens	dorsata		Erethizon	Erethizontidae	Rodentia							
13001216	Apodemus peninsulae	Thomas 1906 "1907"	SPECIES			peninsulae		Apodemus	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1906 p.862		giliacus (Thomas, 1907); major (Radde, 1862) [not Pallas, 1779, or Brants, 1827]; majusculus (Turov, 1924); nigritalus Hollister, 1913; praetor Miller, 1914; qinghaiensis Feng, Zheng and Wu, 1983; rufulus (Dukelski, 1928); sowerbyi Jones, 1956; tscherga (Kastchenko, 1899).	A northern segment in S Siberia from Altai Mtns in the west to Ussuri region in the east (Gromov and Erbajeva, 1995; Reiter et al., 1995, who documented occurrence on Svjatoj Nos peninsula and isthmus in Lake Baikal), and the Russian island of Sakhalin (Abe et al., 1996) and Japanese island of Hokkaido (Dobson, 1994; Kaneko, 1994); an eastern arm ranging south through E Mongolia and NE China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, and E Nei Mongol), and the Korean Peninsula (Won and Smith, 1999); then extending westward through N China (Shanxi, Shaanxi, SE Gansu to SE Qinghai), and south through SW Sichuan to NW Yunnan and E Xizang (Tibet). We are unaware of any records south of NW Yunnan and west of about 92° E longitude. Musser and Carleton (1993) incorrectly included the Chinese province of Xinjiang within the range, but only A. agrarius and A. uralensis (recorded as A. sylvaticus tsherga) are known from that region (Ma et al., 1987). The distribution outlined here is based upon our study of museum specimens (Musser et al., 1996) and the references cited above, and is similar to the distribution described by Wang (2003) and Zhang et al. (1997).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>Apodemus group. Usually considered a member of subgenus Alsomys (Pavlinov et al., 1995a) but placed in subgenus Apodemus by Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987) and Mezhzherin and Zykov (1991), and included in an Apodemus Group by Musser et al. (1996) based upon morphology, which has been consistently corroborated by analyses of allozymes and sequences from mtDNA cytochrome b and nuclear DNA (Chelomina, 1998; Chelomina et al., 1998b; Filippucci et al., 2002; Liu et al, 2004; Mezhzherin, 1997a; Michaux et al., 2002a; Seriwaza et al., 2000; Suzuki et al., 2003). The Chinese qinghaiensis was described as a subspecies (Feng et al., 1983). Corbet (1978c) listed nigritalus as a synonym of A. sylvaticus, but the holotype is A. peninsulae (Musser and Carleton, 1993; Musser et al., 1996; Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987). Apodemus peninsulae is sympatric with the smaller-... [truncated]	Korean Field Mouse
13001217	Apodemus ponticus	Sviridenko 1936	SPECIES			ponticus		Apodemus	Muridae	Rodentia	Abs. Works Zool. Inst. Moscow State Univ. vol.3 p.103		argyropuli  Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; argyropuloi Heptner, 1948; brevicauda (Sviridenko, 1936); parvus Argyropulo, 1941 [not Bechstein, 1796]; persicus Gromov, 1963 [see Mezhzherin, 1991]; planicola (Sviridenko, 1936); samaricus (Sviridenko, 1936).	Endemic to the Caucasus, from shore of Azov Sea through the Caucasus (S Russia, Georgia, Azerbaijan); see Mezhzherin (1991, 1997a), Orlov et al. (1996a, b), and Vorontsov et al. (1992).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Sylvaemus group. The synonyms have been associated with A. flavicollis (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; Harrison and Bates, 1991), but they represent samples of A. ponticus, which is apparently a distinct species (Bobrinskii et al., 1944) defined by chromosomal, allozymic, molecular, and morphological traits that is closely related to A. flavicollis (Chelomina, 1998; Chelomina et al., 1998a, b; Mezhzherin, 1991, 1997a; Orlov et al., 1996a, b; Reutter et al., 2003; Vereshchagin, 1967:510; Vorontsov et al., 1992; Mezhzherins 1991 report is the most comprehensive). Apodemus flavicollis is absent from most of the Caucasus, and has been reported only from Armenia (Frynta et al., 2001; Macholán et al., 2001b). The names argyropuli Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951, and argyropuloi Heptner, 1948 (see Harrison and Bates, 1991), were proposed to replace parvus. Included in ... [truncated]	Caucasus Field Mouse
13001218	Apodemus rusiges	Miller 1913	SPECIES			rusiges		Apodemus	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.26 p.81		griseus (True, 1894) [not Mina Palumbo, 1868].	Himalayas in Northern Area of NE Pakistan east of Indus River Valley (Baltistan and Hazara districts; large series in USNM) and Kashmir and Jammu region of NW India (large samples in USNM, including cotypes of griseus); altitudinal range, 1980-3350 m.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>Sylvaemus group. Endemic to the Himalayas of N Pakistan (east of the Indus Valley) and NW India. Originally described as Mus arianus griseus (True, 1894), subsequently listed as a subspecies of either A. flavicollis (Ellerman, 1941, 1961; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951) or A. sylvaticus (Corbet, 1978c; Wroughton, 1920), placed in the synonomy of A. sylvaticus (Corbet and Hill, 1992), and finally regarded as a synonym of A. sylvaticus wardi (Agrawal, 2000). Apodemus sylvaticus does not occur in the Himalayas (see that account), and wardi is a synonym of A. pallipes (see that account). The latter and A. rusiges are the only Apodemus recorded from the Himalayas of N Pakistan and NW India and their ranges broadly overlap (we have not seen samples collected from the same place). Apodemus rusiges is larger than A. pallipes and further differs in having a much longer tail rela... [truncated]	Kashmir Field Mouse
13700554	Sorex ornatus	Merriam 1895	SPECIES			ornatus	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	N. Am. Fauna vol.10 p.79		californicus  Merriam, 1895; oreinus Elliot, 1903; juncensis Nelson and Goldman, 1909; lagunae Nelson and Goldman, 1909; relictus Grinnell, 1932; salarius von Bloeker, 1939; salicornicus von Bloeker, 1932; sinuosus Grinnell, 1913; willetti von Bloeker, 1942.	California coastal ranges from N of San Francisco Bay to N part and S tip of Baja California; Santa Catalina Isl.	U.S. ESA  Endangered as S. o. relictus; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Otisorex. Genetically related to S. vagrans (Demboski and Cook, 2001). Reviewed by Owen and Hoffmann (1983, Mammalian Species No. 212), who recognized 9 subspecies. For further distributional information see Williams (1979) and Junge and Hoffmann (1981); for karyotype (2n = 54, FN = 76) and allozyme data see Brown and Rudd (1981) and George (1988).	Ornate Shrew
13001219	Apodemus semotus	Thomas 1908	SPECIES			semotus		Apodemus	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.1 p.44			Endemic to montane habitats on Taiwan (H.-T. Yu, 1994).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Apodemus group. Usually included in subgenus Alsomys (Pavlinov et al, 1995a); placed in an Apodemus Group by Musser et al. (1996) based on morphology, which is consistent with analyses of allozymic data and mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences (Filippucci et al., 2002; Liu et al., 2004; Michaux et al., 2002a; Serizawa et al., 2000; Suzuki et al., 2003); however, Chelomina et al. (1998b) grouped A. semotus with A. argenteus using mtDNA cytochrome b sequences. Originally described as a species, but subsequently treated as a subspecies of A. sylvaticus (Ellerman, 1949; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951), then either regarded as a species closely related in morphology to mainland A. draco (Corbet, 1978c) or questionably included in that species (Corbet and Hill, 1992), and finally recognized as a separate specific entity (Musser and Carleton, 1993; Liu et al., 2002; Musser et al., 1996; Wan... [truncated]	Taiwan Field Mouse
13400024	Cryptomys ochraceocinereus subsp. oweni	Setzer 1956	SUBSPECIES		oweni	ochraceocinereus		Cryptomys	Bathyergidae	Rodentia							
13800147	Macroglossus minimus subsp. nanus	Matschie 1899	SUBSPECIES		nanus	minimus		Macroglossus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13001226	Apomys datae	Meyer 1899	SPECIES			datae		Apomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Abh. Mus. Dresden, ser. 7 vol.7 p.25		major  Miller, 1910.	Greater Luzon Faunal Region. Most records come from highlands in N Luzon where it inhabits primary montane forest in the Sierra Madre and Central Cordillera, 760-2500 m (Heaney et al., 1998; Musser, 1982b), but the species has also been taken near sea level on W coast of Ilocos Norte Province (AMNH 252474, 252475).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Member of the Apomys datae Group according to Musser (1982b), who also documented the inclusion of major; the Mindoran A. gracilirostris is the only other member of the A. datae group (see account below). Standard karyotype (2n = 44, FN = 54) closely similar to A. musculus and the shrew rats Chrotomys (including Celaenomys) and Rhynchomys and strikingly different from other species of Apomys sampled (Rickart and Heaney, 2002). The karyotype of A. datae, along with a primitive pattern of cephalic arterial circulation, suggest it is the most primitive species within Apomys. It, along with A. gracilirostris, also form the basal clade within the genus as revealed by phylogenetic analysis of mtDNA cytochrome b sequences (Steppan et al., 2003)	Northern Luzon Apomys
13400115	Erethizon dorsata subsp. picinum	Bangs 1900	SUBSPECIES		picinum	dorsata		Erethizon	Erethizontidae	Rodentia							
13001220	Apodemus speciosus	Temminck 1844	SPECIES			speciosus		Apodemus	Muridae	Rodentia	In Siebold, Temminck and Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, Arnz et Socii, Lugduni Batavorum p.52		ainu  (Thomas, 1906); dorsalis Kuroda, 1924 [see Kaneko and Maeda, 2002]; insperatus Kuroda, 1938 [see Kaneko and Maeda, 2002]; miyakensis Imaizumi, 1969 [see Kaneko and Murakami, 1996, and Kaneko and Maeda, 2002]; navigator (Thomas, 1906); sadoensis Tokuda, 1939 [nomen nudum; see Kaneko and Maeda, 2002]; sadoensis Tokuda, 1941 [see Kaneko and Maeda, 2002]; tusimaensis Tokuda, 1939 [nomen nudum; see Kaneko and Maeda, 2002]; tusimaensis Tokuda, 1941 [see Kaneko and Maeda, 2002].	Endemic to Japan (Dobson, 1994); found on the four larger islands (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu) and some smaller islands, but south only to Yakushima (Corbet, 1978c; Abe and Ishii, 1987; Kaneko, 1994; Tsuchiya, 1974).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>Apodemus group. Usually included in subgenus Alsomys (e.g., Pavlinov et al., 1995a) but placed in subgenus Apodemus by Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987) and Mezhzherin and Zykov (1991); considered a member of an Apodemus Group by Musser et al. (1996), which is consistent with analyses of allozymic data and mtDNA cytochrome b and nuclear DNA sequences (Chelomina, 1998; Chelomina et al., 1998b; Liu et al., 2004; Mezhzherin, 1997a; Serizawa et al., 2000; Suzuki et al., 2003). Phylogenetic analyses of mtDNA cytochrome b and nuclear IRBP sequences identified A. speciosus as an independent lineage within a radiation that includes the separate lineage of A. peninsulae, the A. agrarius-A. chevrieri clade, and A. draco-A. semotus-A. latronum cluster; this radiation is separate from those two producing the Nepalese A. gurkha and Japanese A. argenteus (Suzuki et al., 2003; also se... [truncated]	Large Japanese Field Mouse
13001221	Apodemus sylvaticus	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			sylvaticus		Apodemus	Muridae	Rodentia	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.62		albus  (Bechstein, 1801); algirus (Pomel, 1856); alpinus (Burg, 1921); bergensis (Krausse, 1921); butei Hinton, 1914; callipides (Cabrera, 1907); candidus (Bechstein, 1796); celticus (Barrett-Hamilton, 1900); chamaropsis (Levaillant, 1857); charkovensis (Migulin, 1936); clanceyi Harrison, 1947; creticus Miller, 1910 (see Krytufek, 2002a); cumbrae Hinton, 1914; dichruroides Miric, 1960; dichrurus (Rafinesque, 1814) [not Cabrera, 1921]; dichrurus Cabrera, 1921 [not Rafinesque, 1814]; eivissensis Alcover, 1977; fiolagan Hinton, 1914; flaviventris (Petrov, 1943); flavobrunneus (Hilzheimer, 1911); fridariensis (Kinnear, 1906); frumentariae Sans-Coma and Kahmann, 1977; ghia Montagu, 1923; grandiculus Degerbol, 1939; granti Hinton, 1914; griseus (Mina Palumbo, 1868); hamiltoni Hinton, 1914; hayi (Waterhouse, 1838); hebridensis (de Winton, 1895); hermani Felten and Storch, 1970; hessei Miric, 1960; hirtensis (Barrett-Hamilton, 1899); ifranensis Saint Girons and Bree, 1962; ilvanus Kahmann and Niethammer, 1971; intermedius (Bellamy, 1839); isabellinus (Mina Palumbo, 1868); islandicus (Thienemann, 1824); krkensis Miric, 1968; larus Montagu, 1923; leptodus Kretzoi, 1956; leucocephalus (Bechstein, 1796); maclean Hinton, 1914; maximus (Burg, 1925); milleri de Beaux, 1926; nesiticus Warwick, 1940; niger (Bechstein, 1796); parvus (Bechstein, 1793) [not Argyropulo, 1941], pecchioli (Pecchioli, 1844); reboudia (Loche, 1867); rufescens Saint Girons and Bree, 1962; spadix Fritsche, 1934; thuleo Hinton, 1919; tirae Montagu, 1923; tural Montagu, 1923; varius (Bechstein, 1796); vohlynensis (Migulin, 1938) [Charlemagn, 1936, proposed the name but it is a nomen nudum; see Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987; Zagorodnyuk, 1992b].	European and N African: Europe north to Scandinavia; south to NW Turkey (Thrace and NW Anatolia; Filippucci et al., 1996; Pamukoglu and Albayrak, 1996; specimens in USNM); and east to C Belarus, E Ukraine, and closely adjacent W Russia, which is the easternmost limit of the species (Zagorodnyuk, 1993); see maps in Zagorodnyuk et al. (1997:39), Mezhzherin (1997a:33), Niethammer (1978c:341), and Mitchell-Jones et al. (1999:275). Range in N Africa extends from Atlas Mtns in Morocco east across Algiers to Tunisia (Aulagnier, 1991; Aulagnier and Thevenot, 1986; Kock and Felton, 1980). Also found on Iceland; Britain, Ireland, and numerous nearby islands; Aegean islands (Krytufek, 2002a; Özkan and Krytufek, 1999); some islands in the Tuscan Arch. (De Marinis et al., 1996); Sardinia, Corsica (Masseti, 1993), and other Mediterranean islands (Alcover and Gosalbez, 1988; Amori, 1993; Amori and Masseti, 1996; Cheylan, 1991).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>Sylvaemus group. The geographic range as mapped by Corbet (1978c) east of Belarus and E Ukraine reflects distributions of other species (A. uralensis, A. witherbyi, A. pallipes, and A. rusiges) once included within A. sylvaticus; "A. sylvaticus is virtually absent from the entire area of the Middle East" (Macholán et al., 2001b:806). Contrary to published records, A. sylvaticus is not part of the modern Israeli fauna (Filippucci et al., 1989). Tchernov (1979, 1986, 1994, 1996), however, maintains it is and is also represented there by fossils from middle to late Pleistocene cave sediments (late Acheullan to Upper Mousterian), and from 40,000 to 10,000 years B.C. During that Pleistocene interval, A. mystacinus was found along with A. sylvaticus in the same caves, but A. flavicollis was usually absent (Tchernov, 1979). Tchernovs "sylvaticus" probably represents A.... [truncated]	Long-tailed Field Mouse
13001222	Apodemus uralensis	Pallas 1811	SPECIES			uralensis		Apodemus	Muridae	Rodentia	Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat. vol.1 p.168		baessleri (Dahl, 1919) [see Zagorodnyuk, 1992b]; balchanensis (Kashkarov, 1981) [lapsus calami according to Pavlinov et al., 1995a]; cimrmani Vohralík, 2002; ciscaucasicus (Ognev, 1924); kastschenkoi Kuznetzov, 1932; major (Severtsov, 1873) [not Pallas, 1779, or Radde, 1862]; microps Kratochvíl and Rosicky, 1952; microtis Miller, 1912; mosquensis (Ognev, 1913); nankiangensis Wang, 1964; pallidus Kashkarov, 1926; parvulus Mosanský, 1994 [nomen nudum according to Vohralík, 2002]; tokmak (Severtzov, 1873) [nomen nudum].	C Europe (E Germany S Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, NE Austria, N Hungary, south to E Croatia, N Serbia and Montenegro, Bulgaria and N Romania); Baltic region (NW Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia); east through W Russia and Ukraine to E Kazakhstan (Djarkent, USNM specimens including 155471, the holotype of microtis), Siberian Altai in S Russia (USNM), NW China (Xinjiang; Ma et al., 1987, as tscherga; USNM 259545 from Aksu), and the Altai of Mongolia; south in the Caucusus and throughout N Turkey (see Filippucci et al., 1996; Krytufek and Vohralík, 2001; Mezhzherin, 1997a:36; Mitchell-Jones et al., 1999; Frynta et al., 2001; Steiner, 1978, under A. microps; Zhang et al., 1997, as A. sylvaticus); E and S boundary of range in C Asia unresolved.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>Sylvaemus group. Previously listed as a subspecies of A. sylvaticus (Corbet, 1978c; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987), but now recognized as the oldest name for a distinctive small-bodied species formerly called A. microps (Musser and Carleton, 1993; Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1998; Pavlinov et al., 1995a). Synonymy of European microps with Asian uralensis has been documented by results of a variety of molecular and morphological studies (Bellinvia et al., 1999; Filippucci et al., 1996; Macholán et al., 2001b; Mezhzherin, 1997a; Mezhzherin and Mikhailenko, 1991; Mezhzherin and Zykov, 1991; Mezhzherin et al., 1992; Reutter et al., 2003). Mezhzherin (1997b:309) summarized historical literature indicating the presence of a species different from A. sylvaticus that corresponded to A. uralensis. Pertinent systematic treatments cover chromosomal and allozymic variation (a... [truncated]	Herb Field Mouse
13001223	Apodemus witherbyi	Thomas 1902	SPECIES			witherbyi		Apodemus	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.10 p.490		caessareanus Bate, 1942; chorassanicus (Ognev and Heptner, 1928); falzfeini Mezhzherin and Zagorodnyuk, 1989 [see Zagorodnyuk, 1992b]; fulvipectus (Ognev, 1924); hermonensis Filippucci, Simson, and Nevo, 1989; iconicus Heptner, 1948; kilikiae Kretzoi, 1964; planicola (Sviridenko, 1936); saxatilis Krassovsky, 1929; saxatilis (Sviridenko, 1936); tauricus (Barret-Hamilton, 1900) [not Pallas, 1811].	Plains, mountain and plateau steppes, and highland semideserts (not found in desert depressions) from E of the Dnepr River in the S Ukraine, Crimea, N Caucasus, S Caucasus (Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan), Anatolian Turkish steppe and Bozcaada Isl (Krytufek and Vohralík, 2001; specimens in USNM); south to N Israel and NW Jordan (Benda and Sádlová, 1999); through most of C and N Iran in provinces of Azarbayjan (FMNH and USNM material), Kordestan (FMNH and USNM), Ilam (series in FMNH), Lorestan (large samples in AMNH, FMNH, and USNM), Isfahan (FMNH material), Fars (FMNH), Semnan (FMNH 97469), Tehran (FMNH 341459), C and E Mazandaran (FMNH and USNM), N and E Khorasan (AMNH, FMNH, and USNM material); Kopet-Dag Mtns of SW Turkmenistan; and eastward in WC Pakistan, (about 90 km NE Quetta, USNM specimens); probably also occurs in Afghanistan, NE Iraq, and Lebanon and adjacent SW Syria. Distribution, which is southeast of range of A. sylvaticus, derived from specimens in AMNH, FMNH, and USNM and published reports (Filippucci et al., 1989; Mezhzherin, 1997a:33; Mezhzherin and Zagorodnyuk, 1989; Zagorodnyuk et al., 1997:39).	IUCN  Endangered as A. hermonensis, Lower Risk (lc) as A. fulvipectus.	<p>Sylvaemus group. The taxon witherbyi was originally described as a subspecies of Mus sylvaticus, subsequently arranged as a subspecies of A. sylvaticus (Ellerman, 1941), treated as a synonym of A. sylvaticus arianus (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951) or A. sylvaticus (Corbet, 1978c), and listed as a synonym of A. arianus (Musser and Carleton, 1993; Pavlinov et al., 1995a). Zagorodnyuk (1996a) finally identified the holotype as an example of A. uralensis. This is the species identified as A. arianus by Musser and Carleton (1993), who separated it from A. sylvaticus on the basis of its distinctive pelage and smaller body size. Recently, Zagorodnyuk (1996a), Zagorodnyuk et al. (1997), and Mezhzherin (1997a) elucidated the morphological and distributional boundaries of A. witherbyi (as arianus) and their definition incorporates the names and ranges... [truncated]	Steppe Field Mouse
13001224	Apomys	Mearns 1905	GENUS					Apomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. vol.28 p.455	Apomys hylocetes Mearns, 1905.				<p>ChrotomysDivision. At one time Apomys was included in Rattus, but is a distinct genus and forms a monophyletic group within the assemblage of Philippine Old Endemics (Musser and Heaney, 1992). Taxonomic history of the genus and preliminary systematic revision provided by Musser (1982b), who separated species into an Apomys datae Group and Apomys abrae-hylocetes Group, which has been confirmed by phylogenetic analyses of mitochindrial DNA cytochrome b sequences (Steppan et al., 2003); additional taxonomic notes and phylogenetic relationships outlined by Musser and Heaney (1992). Phylogenetic analyses of complete mtDNA cytochrome b sequences for 13 of the 16 genera of endemic Philippine murines united Apomys within a clade containing Archboldomys, Chrotomys (along with Celaenomys), and Rhynchomys, which are also Old Endemics (Jansa and Heaney, 2001). This alliance is supported by data from chrom... [truncated]	
13001250	Batomys dentatus	Miller 1911	SPECIES			dentatus		Batomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. vol.38 p.400			Greater Luzon Faunal Region. Endemic to mountain forest on N Luzon and known only from the type locality.	IUCN  Data Deficient.	Still represented only by the holotype (Musser et al., 1998a).	Large-toothed Batomys
13001227	Apomys gracilirostris	Ruedas 1995	SPECIES			gracilirostris		Apomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.108 p.305			Greater Mindoro Faunal Region. A Mindoro endemic recorded only from montane forest on northern flank of Mt Halcon between 1250 and 1950 m, but may occur throughout the Mindoran highlands still covered by mountain forest (Ruedas, 1995).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Apomys datae Group. In morphology of rostrum and incisors, A. gracilirostris is unique among species of Apomys, but phylogenetic analysis of mtDNA cytochrome b sequences placed it with the Luzon A. datae (Steppan et al., 2003). Large body size, long rostrum relative to rest of cranium, and primitive pattern of cephalic arterial supply also tie A. gracilirostris to A. datae (Ruedas, 1995; Mussers study of the Mindoran specimens). Presence of A. gracilirostris on Mindanao likely reflects dispersal to that island, probably from an ancestral stock on Luzon (Steppan et al., 2003). Discovery of A. gracilirostris accentuates the dual biogeographic nature of Mindoros murine fauna: Chrotomys mindorensis, Apomys musculus, A. gracilirostris, and Rattus everetti have Philippine affinities; Rattus mindorensis, an undescribed species of Maxomys (specimens examined by Musser), and Anon... [truncated]	Large Mindoro Apomys
13001228	Apomys hylocetes	Mearns 1905	SPECIES			hylocetes		Apomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. vol.28 p.456		petraeus  Mearns, 1905.	Greater Mindanao Faunal Region. Endemic to Mindanao in primary montane forest between 1900 and 2800 m; probably widespread on high peaks of the island (Heaney et al., 1998.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Included within Apomys abrae hylocetes Group by Musser (1982b), who also explained why petraeus is a synonym. Standard karyotype (2n = 48, FN = 56) of A. hylocetes is strikingly dissimilar to that of sympatric A. insignis (2n = 36, FN = 36), but this phyletic estimate is contradicted by phylogenetic analyses of mtDNA cytochrome b sequences, which indicates they are sister species and most closely related to an undescribed species from the islands of Leyte and Biliran and an undescribed species on Camiguin Isl (Steppan et al., 2003). An hypothesis explaining the evolutionary origins of these four species is presented by Steppan et al. (2003).	Mindanao Mossy Forest Apomys
13001229	Apomys insignis	Mearns 1905	SPECIES			insignis		Apomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. vol.28 p.459		bardus  Miller, 1910.	Endemic to the Greater Mindanao Faunal Region from islands of Dinagat and Mindanao in primary and secondary forests, 900-2800 m (Heaney et al., 1998).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Included within Apomys abrae hylocetes Group by Musser (1982b), who explained why bardus is a synonym. See account of A. hylocetes.	Mindanao Montane Forest Apomys
13700555	Sorex ornatus subsp. ornatus	Merriam 1895	SUBSPECIES		ornatus	ornatus	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	N. Am. Fauna vol.10 p.79						
13700556	Sorex ornatus subsp. juncensis	Nelson and Goldman 1909	SUBSPECIES		juncensis	ornatus	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700557	Sorex ornatus subsp. lagunae	Nelson and Goldman 1909	SUBSPECIES		lagunae	ornatus	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700558	Sorex ornatus subsp. relictus	Grinnell 1932	SUBSPECIES		relictus	ornatus	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13001230	Apomys littoralis	Sanborn 1952	SPECIES			littoralis		Apomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Fieldiana Zool. vol.33 2 p.134			Endemic to the Greater Mindanao Faunal Region on islands of Biliran, Bohol, Leyte, and Mindanao (Musser and Heaney, 1992; Rickart et al., 1993; Heaney et al., 1998). Formerly recorded from Negros (Musser, 1982b), but that sample represents an undescribed species (Heaney et al., 1998).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Included within Apomys abrae hylocetes Group by Musser (1982b). This species is known by a juvenile holotype with damaged skull from Mindanao and several referred series from Leyte and nearby smaller islands (Heaney et al., 1998). Distributional and ecological data provided by Rickart et al. (1993). The standard karyotype reported for a sample from Leyte (2n = 44, FN = 88; Rickart and Musser, 1993), which expresses the highest FN recorded for Indoaustralian murines, actually comes from an undescribed species (Rickart and Heaney, 2002; Steppan et al., 2003).	Mindanao Lowland Apomys
13400232	Dasyprocta kalinowskii	Thomas 1897	SPECIES			kalinowskii		Dasyprocta	Dasyproctidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.20 p.219			SE Peru.	IUCN  Data Deficient.		Kalinowskis Agouti
13001231	Apomys microdon	Hollister 1913 (not Peters, 1852)	SPECIES			microdon		Apomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. vol.46 p.327		hollisteri (Ellerman, 1949).	Endemic to the Greater Luzon Faunal Region and widespread on Luzon in secondary lowland forest and primary montane forest (Heaney et al., 1991; Heaney et al., 1998; Heaney et al., 1999; Musser and Heaney, 1992). Formerly thought to also occur on Leyte and Dinagat (Musser, 1982b), but those samples have been referred to A. littoralis.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>Included within Apomys abrae hylocetes Group by Musser (1982b). Phylogenetic analyses of mtDNA cytochrome b sequences identifies M. musculus, an undescribed species from Sibuyan Isl and Negros Isl, and another undescribed species from Sibuyan Isl as the closest phylogenetic allies to A. microdon (Steppan et al., 2003).</p><p>Ellerman (1949) provided hollisteri as a replacement name for Apomys microdon because it was preoccupied by Mus microdon Peters (1852), which is a form of Mastomys, and Ellerman had included both Apomys and Mastomys in Rattus. Corbet and Hill (1992:379) used hollisteri as the correct name stating that microdon was permanently invalid following Article 59(b) of the 3<sup>rd</sup> edition of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1985d), which states that a "junior secondary homonym replace... [truncated]	Small Luzon Apomys
13001232	Apomys musculus	Miller 1911	SPECIES			musculus		Apomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. vol.38 p.403			Philippines: Dinagat, S and N Luzon, and Mindoro (Heaney et al., 1998).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Included within Apomys abrae hylocetes Group by Musser (1982b). Standard karyotype (2n = 42, FN = 52; Rickart and Musser, 1993) very similar to that of A. datae (Rickart and Heaney, 2002). Three species may be represented in what is now called musculus: typical musculus from N Luzon, a separate species in S Luzon, and another on Mindoro (Heaney, pers. comm.). Altitudinal distribution and ecological data summarized by Balete and Heaney (1997) and Heaney et al. (1999). Judged by phylogenetic analyses of mtDNA cytochrome b sequences, A. musculus is most closely related to two undescribed species and A. microdon (see that account).	Least Philippine Apomys
13400143	Lagidium peruanum subsp. subrosea	Thomas 1907	SUBSPECIES		subrosea	peruanum		Lagidium	Chinchillidae	Rodentia							
13001233	Apomys sacobianus	Johnson 1962	SPECIES			sacobianus		Apomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.75 p.318			Greater Luzon Faunal Region. Endemic to Luzon and recorded only from primary forest at the type locality; limits unresolved.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	<p>Included within the Apomys abrae hylocetes Group by Musser (1982b), but allied to the Apomys datae Group by Ruedas (1995) because he thought the holotype (USNM 304352) and another specimen he identified as A. sacobianus (USNM 557717) exhibited the primitive murine cephalic arterial pattern typical of A. datae. Musser (1982b), however, described a derived pattern for A. sacobianus, which is typical for species in the A. abrae-hylocetes Group, and our restudy of the holotype reaffirms those observations. Apomys sacobianus is morphologically closely related to the N Luzon A. abrae, being a slightly larger-bodied, grayer version occurring in the S lowlands (Musser, 1982b); whether it represents a larger-bodied geographic variant of A. abrae or a separate species will have to be determined by study of specimens from intermediate localities and altitudes.</p><p>Heaney et al. (1998) recorded A. sa... [truncated]	Long-nosed Luzon Apomys
13001234	Archboldomys	Musser 1982	GENUS					Archboldomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.174 p.30	Archboldomys luzonensis Musser, 1982.				ChrotomysDivision. Member of the Philippine Old Endemics (Musser and Heaney, 1992). Based strictly upon morphological data, Musser and Heaney (1992) supposed Archboldomys to be most closely related to Crunomys, but phylogenetic analyses of complete mtDNA cytochrome b sequences for 13 of the 16 genera of Philippine murines indicate Archboldomys is a member of a clade that includes Apomys, Chrotomys (including Celaenomys), and Rhynchomys but not Crunomys (Jansa and Heaney, 2001), and chromosomal data does not support a close alliance between Archboldomys and Crunomys (Rickart and Musser, 1993; Rickart and Heaney, 2002). Reviewed by Rickart et al. (1998).	
13700559	Sorex ornatus subsp. salarius	von Bloeker 1939	SUBSPECIES		salarius	ornatus	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700560	Sorex ornatus subsp. salicornicus	von Bloeker 1932	SUBSPECIES		salicornicus	ornatus	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700561	Sorex ornatus subsp. sinuosus	Grinnell 1913	SUBSPECIES		sinuosus	ornatus	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700562	Sorex ornatus subsp. willetti	von Bloeker 1942	SUBSPECIES		willetti	ornatus	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13001235	Archboldomys luzonensis	Musser 1982	SPECIES			luzonensis		Archboldomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.174 p.30			Greater Luzon Faunal Region where it is endemic to montane habitat on Mt Isarog in SE peninsula of Luzon (Heaney et al., 1999; Rickart et al., 1991).	IUCN  Endangered.	Morphological descriptions and comparisons with Crunomys and Sulawesi shrew rats provided by Musser (1982c). Altitudinal distribution and ecologial notes in Rickart et al. (1991), Balete and Heaney (1997), and Heaney et al. (1999). Standard karyotype and G-banding patterns are distinctive (2n = 26, FN = 43): its low 2n, high number of bi-armed chromosomes relative to telocentric elements, and peculiar pattern of the sex chromosomes define a highly derived karyotype compared to those characteristic of other Old Endemics sampled, but is uninformative in assessing the phylogenetic relationships of A. luzonensis among Philippine murines (Rickart and Musser, 1993; Rickart and Heaney, 2002). Morphology suggests a tie to Philippine Crunomys (Musser and Heaney, 1992), but molecular data indicated close phylogenetic alliance with species of Apomys, Chrotomys (including Celaenomys), and Rhynchomys and no close association with specie... [truncated]	Isarog Shrew Mouse
13001236	Archboldomys musseri	Rickart, Heaney, Tabaranza, Jr., and Balete 1998	SPECIES			musseri		Archboldomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Fieldiana Zool. n.s. vol.89 p.17			Greater Luzon Faunal Region where it is known from the type locality and the Balbalasang region of Kalinga Province at 1900 m (Rickart and Heaney, 2002), but may occur elsewhere in montane forest throughout N Luzon (Rickart et al., 1998).		Documented by two specimens from the type locality and a sample from Kalinga Province referred to A. musseri. Standard karyotype (2n estimated as 44 with mostly telocentric elements) strikingly different from that of A. luzonensis (Rickart and Heaney, 2002) and may turn out to be indistinguishable or closely similar to those of Chrotomys silaceus, C. gonzalesi, and Rhynchomys isarogensis (karyotypes described by Rickart and Musser, 1993, and Rickart and Heaney, 2002).	Sierra Madre Shrew Mouse
13001237	Arvicanthis	Lesson 1842	GENUS					Arvicanthis	Muridae	Rodentia	Nouv. Tabl. Regn. Anim. Mammalifères p.147	Lemmus niloticus É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803.	Isomys  Sundevall, 1843.			<p>Arvicanthis Division. Morphological features tie Arvicanthis to species of Pelomys, Mylomys, Rhabdomys, and Lemniscomys (Musser, 1987b), which has been confirmed by results from mtDNA sequences (cytochrome b, 12S and 16S rRNA genes), with the addition of Desmomys, by Ducroz et al. (2001). Their results indicate three distinct lineages: one containing Arvicanthis, Mylomys, and Pelomys; another with Desmomys and Rhabdomys; and a third containing only Lemniscomys. The Asian Golunda, provisionally (Musser, 1987b) or certainly (Jacobs, 1978; Misonne, 1969; Sabatier, 1982) allied with this clade, is not part of it according to molecular data (Ducroz et al., 2001; Lecompte, 2003; see Golunda account).</p><p>Opinions on the number of species in Arvicanthis have varied from one (Misonne, 1974) to several (G. M. Allen, 1939; Corbet and Hill, 1991; ... [truncated]	
13001238	Arvicanthis abyssinicus	Rüppell 1842	SPECIES			abyssinicus		Arvicanthis	Muridae	Rodentia	Mus. Senckenberg. vol.3 p.104		fluvicinctus Osgood, 1936; rufodorsalis (Heuglin, 1877); saturatus Dollman, 1911.	Ethiopian Plateau between 1300-3400 m (Yalden et al., 1976).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>An Ethiopian endemic with 2n = 62, FN = 68 (Corti et al., 1996; Orlov and Bulatova, 1997; Orlov et al., 1992a). Historically the species was perceived to embrace forms occurring from Ethiopia south to Zambia (G. M. Allen, 1939; Dollman, 1911; Ellerman, 1941), but Osgood (1936:252) discussed several of A. abyssinicus's diagnostic features, noting that it "is not unlikely that it is confined to Ethiopia and at least some of the forms of Kenya and Uganda which have been associated with it will need other allocation." This view has been reinforced by analyses of morphometric (Bekele et al., 1993; Corti and Fadda, 1996; Fadda and Corti, 2001; Rousseau, 1983), chromosomal (Baskevich and Lavrenchenko, 2000; Corti et al., 1996b; Orlov et al., 1991a), and mtDNA cytochrome b sequences (Ducroz et al., 1998), as well as our examination of specimens. Yalden and Largen (1992) speculated that A. abyssinicus may also occur in Kenya, Uganda, and el... [truncated]	Ethiopian Arvicanthis
13001239	Arvicanthis ansorgei	Thomas 1910	SPECIES			ansorgei		Arvicanthis	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.5 p.353		2n = 62, FNa = 74-76 (Volobouev et al., 2002a ). This is the species originally separated from samples of A. niloticus by its chromosomal features and identified as ANI-3 (Volobouev et al., 1987, 1988a; Ducroz et al., 1997). Subsequent analyses incorporating chromosomal refinements, DNA/DNA hybridization, cross-breeding experiments in the laboratory, three-dimensional geometric morphometrics, and mtDNA cytochrome b sequences (Ducroz, 1998; Ducroz et al., 1997, 1998; Fadda and Corti, 2001; Volobouev et al., 2002a), demonstrated that ansorgei is not a geographic form of A. niloticus but a separate species. The two are sympatric along the southern course and in most of the Inner delta of Niger River in Mali (Volobouev et al., 2002a), but elsewhere the ". . . distribution of the two species is largely parapatric and follows the latitudinal patterns of the West-African biogeographical domains, which are related to the latitudinal patterns of annual rainfuall in this region" (Sicard et al., 2004:5). The range of A. ansorgei is generally south of A. niloticus, which inhabits the more arid Sahelian and N Sudanian savannas, and north of A. rufinus, found in the more humid S Sudanian-Guinean savannas and adjacent evergreen forest belt. In Senegal, A. ansorgei occurs only south of the Gambia River while A. niloticus inhabits drier habitats north of the Gambia (Granjon et al., 1992). Phylogenetic analysis of mtDNA cytochrome b sequences by Ducroz et al. (1998) indicated A. ansorgei to be more closely related to samples from East Africa (Tanzania and SW Uganda) than to those from Central Africa (Benin and Central African Republic), a discordance with similarities based upon Procrustes distances, which readily distinguished West African from East African assemblages (Fadda and Corti, 2001).	Grasslands and bush in Sudanian savannas from Gambia (Fadda and Corti, 2001) and S Senegal (Casamance region south of Gambia River; Granjon et al., 1992) through S Mali, Burkina-Faso, and Niger (Dobigny et al., 2002b; Ducroz et al., 1998; Volobouev et al., 2002a) to S Chad (Fadda and Corti, 2001); limits of range unresolved.		<p>2n = 62, FNa = 74-76 (Volobouev et al., 2002a). This is the species originally separated from samples of A. niloticus by its chromosomal features and identified as ANI-3 (Volobouev et al., 1987, 1988a; Ducroz et al., 1997). Subsequent analyses incorporating chromosomal refinements, DNA/DNA hybridization, cross-breeding experiments in the laboratory, three-dimensional geometric morphometrics, and mtDNA cytochrome b sequences (Ducroz, 1998; Ducroz et al., 1997, 1998; Fadda and Corti, 2001; Volobouev et al., 2002a), demonstrated that ansorgei is not a geographic form of A. niloticus but a separate species. The two are sympatric along the southern course and in most of the Inner delta of Niger River in Mali (Volobouev et al., 2002a), but elsewhere the ". . . distribution of the two species is largely parapatric and follows the latitudinal patterns of the West-African biogeographical domains, which are related to the latitudinal pat... [truncated]	Sudanian Arvicanthis
13700698	Euroscaptor mizura	Gunther 1880	SPECIES			mizura		Euroscaptor	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1880 p.441		hiwaensis  (Imaizumi, 1955); othai (Imaizumi, 1955).	Mountains of Honshu (Japan).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Imaizumi (1970b) and Abe et al. (1991) included this species in the genus Euroscaptor, while Corbet (1978c) placed it in Talpa. Three populations have been named, of which othai represents "probably a distinct species", according to Imaizumi (1970b); a view supported by Yoshiyuki (1988b). Karyotype (2n = 36, FN = 52) described by Kawada et al. (2001).	Japanese Mountain Mole
13001240	Arvicanthis blicki	Frick 1914	SPECIES			blicki		Arvicanthis	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Carnegie Mus. vol.9 p.20			Ethiopia; between 2750 and 4050 m from plateau on E side of Ethiopian Rift Valley (Yalden et al., 1976; Yalden et al., 1996).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	An Ethiopian endemic with 2n = 48, FNa = 68 (Corti et al., 1996b; Lavrenchenko et al., 1997) that is a characteristic diurnal member of the Afro-Alpine moorland zone above 3500 m (Demeter and Topal, 1982; Rupp, 1980; Yalden, 1988; Yalden et al., 1976). In morphology, ecological and geographic distribution, and habits, A. blicki is a very distinctive species, as recognized by Dorst (1972). Judged by similarities in molar occlusal topography and dorsal fur patterning, chromosomal traits, and allozymic data, A. blicki is more closely related to A. abyssinicus than to any other species of Arvicanthis and together with that species and A. niloticus forms a monophyletic clade (see account of A. abyssinicus). Statistical summary of external measurements for a large sample reported by Sillero-Zubiri et al. (1995a). Habitat preferences, abundance, and biomass of rodents in the Bale Mtns, including A. blicki, and releva... [truncated]	Blicks Arvicanthis
13001241	Arvicanthis nairobae	J. A. Allen 1909	SPECIES			nairobae		Arvicanthis	Muridae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.26 p.168		chanleri Dollman, 1911; nubilans Wroughton, 1909; pallescens Dollman, 1914; praeceps Wroughton, 1909; rumruti Dollman, 1911; virescens Heller, 1914.	Recorded from S Ethiopia (Sidamo) through Kenya in the Rift Valley south to the Dodoma region in EC Tanzania; western and southern limits unresolved (based largely upon our study of specimens; the Ethiopian record and some specimens from W Kenya were identified using discriminant function analysis by Fadda and Corti, 2001). An unidentified sample of Arvicanthis from SW Uganda clusters with Tanzanian samples of A. nairobae in the analysis of mtDNA cytochrome b sequences by Ducroz et al. (1998), which indicates the species may range farther west than described here.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>2n = 62, FN = 78 (Castiglia et al., 2003a; Fadda et al., 2001). The name nairobae is the oldest applicable to samples from Kenya and E Tanzania containing animals smaller in body size and generally brighter and buffier in pelage tones and hues than those larger and darker specimens we have identified as A. niloticus from W Tanzania and Uganda. Some specimens of A. nairobae closely resemble those of A. neumanni in pelage coloration, and could be mistaken for it, but are larger in body size. Corbet and Yalden (1972) even suggested that chanleri might represent A. neumanni (they used somalicus), but the holotype is larger and fits within the range of variation seen among samples of A. nairobae (our study of holotypes and larger samples in AMNH, BMNH, and USNM). Records of sympatry between A. nairobae and A. neumanni are documented by series from Mount Lololokwi ("an isolated mountain east of the Mathews R... [truncated]	East African Arvicanthis
13001242	Arvicanthis neumanni	Matschie 1894	SPECIES			neumanni		Arvicanthis	Muridae	Rodentia	Sitz.-Ber. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin vol.1894 p.204		reptans Dollman, 1911; somalicus Thomas, 1903.	N and E Rift Valleys of Ethiopia (Yalden et al., 1976, 1996), Somalia, extreme SE Sudan (Dieterlen and Nikolaus, 1985), and south through Kenya in and east of the Rift Valley (Dollman, 1911; Hollister, 1919) to C and EC Tanzania on both sides of the Rift, including base of Mt Kilimanjaro (Grimshaw et al., 1995).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as A. somalicus.	<p>2n = 62, FN = 66 or 67 for Ethiopia (Baskevich and Lavrenchenko, 2000); 2n = 53-54, FN = 62 for Tanzania (Castiglia et al., 2003a; Fadda and Corti, 2001), but more precisely 2n = 53-54 due to a Robertsonian fusion and derived from a larger sample (Fadda et al., 2001b). Under the name somalicus Thomas (1903a), A. neumanni has been treated as a species (G. M. Allen, 1939; Dollman, 1911; Ellerman, 1941; Hollister, 1919), and with an exception or two (e.g., Misonne, 1974), retains that status (Corti and Fadda, 1996; Ducroz et al., 1998; Fadda and Corti, 2001; Musser and Carleton, 1993; Rousseau, 1983; Yalden et al., 1976). Both reliable published records (see above) and specimens we examined document the northern and central range of A. neumanni. Known southern limits of the species are defined by samples from the Mawele region south of Tabora (Mwanasomano's, 31 mi [50 km] S Tabora) in C Tanzania and southeast of there at Kilosa in EC Tan... [truncated]	Neumanns Arvicanthis
13001243	Arvicanthis niloticus	É. Geoffroy 1803	SPECIES			niloticus		Arvicanthis	Muridae	Rodentia	Cat. Mam. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Paris p.186		centralis Dollman, 1911; centrosus Hollister, 1916; dembeensis (Rüppell, 1842); discolor (Wagner, 1842); jebelae Heller, 1911; kordofanensis Wettstein, 1916; luctuosus Dollman, 1911; major (Sundevall, 1843); mearnsi Frick, 1914; minor (Sundevall, 1843); muansae Matschie, 1911; naso Pocock, 1934; nubilans Wroughton, 1909; ochropus (Heuglin, 1877); pelliceus Thomas, 1928; raffertyi Frick, 1914; reichardi (Noack, 1887); rhodesiae St. Leger, 1932; rossii de Beaux, 1925; rubescens Wroughton, 1909; solatus Thomas, 1925; tenebrosus Kershaw, 1923; testicularis (Sundevall, 1843); variegatus (Lichtenstein, 1823); zaphiri Dollman, 1911.	Grassland and bush of Sahelian and northern Sudanian savannas, steppe, and semidesert in subsaharan N Africa, primarily in anthropogenic habitats, from Senegal (north of Gambia River), S Mauritania eastward through Mali, Burkina Faso, C and S Niger (Dobigny et al., 2002a), and C and S Chad to Sudan and western half and EC portion of Ethiopia (Bâ et al., 2001; Corti et al., 1996b, as dembeensis; Dobigny et al., 2001a, b; Granjon et al., 1992, 2002b; Osborn and Hemy, 1980;); north along the Nile Valley through Egypt; south through NE Dem. Rep. Congo, Uganda, S Burundi, and W Tanzania into E Zamibia, where the population is isolated from the nearest one in SW Tanzania (Ansell, 1978). There is a record from N Malawi (1 skull only, living animals never found; Ansell and Dowsett, 1988), and the species also occurs in SW Arabian Peninsula (SW Yemen and W Oman; Al-Jumaily, 1998; Snowden et al., 2000; and references cited therein). The only truly Saharan record is from SE Algeria (Hoggar), and Dobigny et al. (2001a:216) speculated that A. niloticus "may persist across the whole Sahara, but only in some massifs or wadies where ecological conditions are more of the subdesert and/or steppe types than purely arid. Gardens also seem to be a good refuge for this species, and its commensalism may also explain its maintaining across the Sahara, via relictual populations." In Niger, the species was frequently encountered "in most wild bushy areas, gardens, villages and towns" (Dobigny et al., 2002b:498).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>2n = 62, FNa = 62 or 64 (Corti et al., 1996b, as dembeensis; Volobouev et al., 2002a). This is the species identified by the chromosomal cytotype ANI-1 (Volobouev et al., 1988a; see review in Ducroz et al., 1997) with two different forms identifying a different FN: ANI-1a (FNa = 62) in samples east of Mali and Burkina Faso to Ethiopia and Egypt, including the type locality; and ANI-1b (FNa = 64), found west of there (Volobouev et al., 2002a). Specimens with FNa = 66 were identified as dembeensis by Orlov et al. (1992a) and others (see references in Baskevich and Lavrenchenko, 2000). Closest phylogenetic relationships of A. niloticus appears to be with the Ethiopian A. abyssinicus, judged by analysis of chromosomal, allozymic, and morphometric data along with mtDNA cytochrome b sequences (Capanna et al., 1996b; Capula et al., 1997; Corti et al., 1996b; Ducroz et al., 1998; Fadda and Corti, 2001; ni... [truncated]	African Arvicanthis
13400190	Galea flavidens	Brandt 1835	SPECIES			flavidens		Galea	Caviidae	Rodentia	Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg, ser. 6 vol.3 p.439		bilobidens  (Lund, 1841).	Brazil.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Paula Couto (1950:232) considered flavidens synonymous with spixii, but see Cabrera (1961:573) who believed both to be distinct species and discussed the type locality.	Brazilian Yellow-toothed Cavy
13001244	Arvicanthis rufinus	Temminck 1853	SPECIES			rufinus		Arvicanthis	Muridae	Rodentia	Esquisses sur la côte de Guiné 163		mordax Thomas, 1911; occidentalis Wroughton, 1906; setosus Thomas, 1905.	Guinean and southern Sudanian deciduous forest and woodland savannas, and clearings in adjacent evergreen forest belt from Sierra Leone through Benin and Ghana to S Nigeria (Ducroz et al., 1998; Fadda and Corti, 2001; Volobouev et al., 2002a).		<p>2n = 62, FNa = 76 (Volobouev et al., 2002a). This is the species separated from A. niloticus and identified as chromosomal type ANI-4, and the subject of studies incorporating data from chromosomes, allozymes, mtDNA cytochrome b sequences, and morphometrics (Capanna et al., 1996b; Capula et al., 1997; Civitelli et al., 1995; Corti et al., 1996b; Ducroz et al., 1998; Fadda and Corti, 2001; Garagna et al., 1999; Volobouev et al., 2002a). This species and A. blicki are the largest in body size among the species of Arvicanthis (Fadda and Corti, 2001). Phylogenetic analysis of mtDNA cytochrome b sequences by Ducroz et al. (1998) indicated that A. rufinus is most closely related to samples from the Central African Republic (2n = 58, FNa = 70), an affinity also supported by chromosomal data even though the karyotypes seem very different (Volobouev et al., 1987, 2002a), but contradicted by three-dimensional geometr... [truncated]	Guinean Arvicanthis
13001245	Bandicota	Gray 1873	GENUS					Bandicota	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4 vol.12 p.418	Mus giganteus Hardwicke, 1804 (= Mus indicus Bechstein, 1800).	Gunomys  Thomas, 1907.			<p>RattusDivision. Nesokia has been considered the closest relative of Bandicota (Corbet and Hill, 1992; Misonne, 1969: Musser and Brothers, 1994; Niethammer, 1977; Radtke and Niethammer, 1984/85; Wroughton, 1908; Watts and Baverstock, 1994b), and outside of that alliance, its phylogenetic position among murines is nearest Rattus. Misonne (1969) was unsure where to place Bandicota except he thought it unrelated to Rattus; but Niethammer (1977), Pradhan and Bhagwat (1990), Gadi and Sharma (1983), and Gemmeke and Niethammer (1984) concluded from morphological, chromosomal, and allozymic data that Rattus is close to Bandicota, a conclusion also endorsed by Musser and Brothers (1994), who reviewed the problem and evidence aligning the two genera. Analyses of microcomplement fixation of albumin (Watts and Baverstock, 1994b) and DNA sequences of LINE-1 elements (Verneau et al., 1997, 1998) also placed Bandicota with... [truncated]	
13001246	Bandicota bengalensis	Gray 1835	SPECIES			bengalensis		Bandicota	Muridae	Rodentia	(in 1830-1835). Illustr. Indian Zool. p.pl. 21 (see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1955)		barclayanus  (Anderson, 1878); blythianus (Anderson, 1878); daccaensis (Tytler, 1854); dubius (Kelaart, 1850); gracilis (Nehring, 1902); insularis Phillips, 1936; kok (Gray, 1837); lordi (Wroughton, 1908); morungensis (Hodgson, in Horsfield, 1855); plurimammis (Hodgson, in Horsfield, 1855); providens (Elliot, 1839); sindicus (Wroughton, 1908); sundavensis (Kloss, 1921); tarayensis (Hodgson, in Horsfield, 1855); varillus (Thomas, 1907); varius (Thomas, 1907); wardi (Wroughton, 1908).	Probable natural range extends from N and SE Pakistan (the Punjab and Sind, respectively; Roberts, 1997) through most of India (Agrawal, 2000), Sri Lanka, S lowlands of Nepal, and Bangladesh east to Burma. Introduced to Penang Isl off the W coast of Malay Peninsula (Chasen, 1936), the Aceh region of N Sumatra and E Java (Kloss, 1921; Musser and Newcomb, 1983), and Saudi Arabia (Kock et al., 1990). Corbet and Hill (1992) noted a report of B. bengalensis from Patta Isl, Kenya, but did not know if the population was established. Indomalayan distribution mapped by Musser and Brothers (1994:7).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	The most morphologically divergent of the species now placed in Bandicota; so impressive are the differences with the other species that B. bengalensis has been placed in its own genus, Gunomys (see Wroughton, 1908a). Morphological contrasts with B. indica and B. savilei documented by Musser and Brothers (1994). Geographic variation and one view of subspecies presented by Agrawal and Chakraborty (1976). Chromosomal data reported by Sharma and Raman (1971, 1973), Gadi and Sharma (1983), and Dubey and Raman (1992). Lekagul and Felten (1989) recognized varius as a distinct species in Thailand, but that record was based on specimens of B. savilei (Musser and Brothers, 1994). Whether some of the many names associated with B. bengalensis identify diagnosable geographic entities is unresolved because no "careful systematic study of morphological and geographic variation among all the samples now identified as B. bengalensis... [truncated]	Lesser Bandicoot Rat.
13001247	Bandicota indica	Bechstein 1800	SPECIES			indica		Bandicota	Muridae	Rodentia	In Pennant, Allgemeine Ueber Vierfuss. Thiere vol.2 p.497		bandicota  (Bechstein, 1800) [see Ellerman, 1941]; elliotanus (Anderson, 1878); eloquens (Kishida, 1926) [see Kaneko and Maeda, 2002]; gigantea (Hardwicke, 1804); jabouillei Thomas, 1927; macropus (Hodgson, 1845); malabarica (Shaw, 1801); maxima Pradhan, Mondal, Bhagwat, and Agrawal, 1993; mordax Thomas, 1916; nemorivaga (Hodgson, 1836); perchal (Shaw, 1801); setifera (Horsfield, 1824); siamensis Kloss, 1919; sonlaensis Dao, 1975; taiwanus (Tokuda, 1939) [nomen nudum, see Kaneko and Maeda, 2002]; taiwanus (Tokuda, 1941) [not Horikawa, 1929; see Kaneko and Maeda, 2002].	Extends from throughout most of India (Agrawal, 2000), Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, lowlands of Nepal through Burma, S China (Yunnan, S Sichuan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian, Sichuan, Jiangxi, and Hong Kong Isls; Wang, 2003, and Zhang et al., 1997), Taiwan (Wang, 2003, and M.-J. Yu, 1996), Thailand (J. T. Marshall, Jr., 1977a; Robinson et al., 1995), Laos (Aplin et al., 2003b; Smith et al., In Press), Cambodia (Aplin et al., 2003b, c) and Vietnam (Dang et al., 1994; also Cat Ba Isl, off coast of N Vietnam, Kuznetsov, 2000). Introduced into Kedah and Perlis regions of Malay Peninsula (Harrison, 1956; J. T. Marshall, Jr., 1977a) as well as Java (Musser and Newcomb, 1983). Its spotty distribution may reflect other geographic introductions (Taiwan for example); "since it is commensal, large, and delicious to eat, this bandicoot may have been spread by man in comparatively recent times" (J. T. Marshall, Jr., 1977a:428). Corbet and Hill (1992:352) included Pakistan within the range but Roberts (1977, 1997) did not record it from there and we cannot locate any specimens from that country. Indomalayan range mapped by Musser and Brothers (1994).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>Usually sympatric with one or other of B. bengalensis and B. savilei in the Indomalayan region (Musser and Brothers, 1994). In C Burma all three species occur sympatrically in the rainfed rice production environment (K. Aplin, in litt., 2004). A careful systematic revision is necessary to assess the significance of morphological and biochemical variation within B. indica. Pradhan et al. (1989), for example, reported that B. gigantea is specifically distinct from B. indica, citing differences in body size, and haemoglobin and eye lens proteins. However, because the skull of the holotype of gigantea is broken and diagnostic traits of gigantea could not be confirmed, Pradhan et al. (1993) described this taxon as B. maxima, diagnosed primarily by large size, cuticular pattern of dorsal hairs, and certain cranial proportions. Agrawal (2000:151) noted that the difference in cranial proportions between B. indica a... [truncated]	Greater Bandicoot Rat
13001248	Bandicota savilei	Thomas 1916	SPECIES			savilei		Bandicota	Muridae	Rodentia	J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. vol.24 p.641		bangchakensis Boonsong and Felten, 1989; curtata Thomas, 1929; giaraiensis Dao and Cao, 1990; hichensis Dao, 1961.	C Burma, Thailand (throughout the country north of the Isthmus of Kra and south of the Isthmus to the southern end of peninsular Thailand), Vietnam (Dang et al., 1994), Cambodia (Aplin et al., 2003b; also specimens in FMNH); and an unconfirmed photographic record from S Laos (Aplin et al., 2003b).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>Occurs sympatrically with B. indica in C Burma (K. Aplin, in litt., 2003), C and S Thailand, and S and N Vietnam and C Cambodia (Aplin et al., 2003b); found with B. bengalensis and B. indica in C Burma where in some places B. savilei lives in fields and B. bengalensis in village houses, and at other sites both are found together in rainfed paddy fields (Aplin, in litt., 2004; Musser and Brothers, 1994). Bandicota savilei is a distinctive species as Thomas (1916d) pointed out; unfortunately it was later treated as a subspecies of B. indica (Ellerman, 1961; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951). Specimens are usually misidentified as B. bengalensis, but in external, cranial, and dental morphology, B. savilei can easily be distinguished from B. bengalensis and more closely resembles B. indica (Musser and Brothers, 1994). Aplin et al. (2003b<... [truncated]	Saviles Bandicoot Rat
13001252	Batomys russatus	Musser, Heaney, and Tabaranza, Jr. 1998	SPECIES			russatus		Batomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.3237 p.34			Greater Mindanao Faunal Region. Endemic to Dinagat Isl in lowland tropical evergreen rainforest.		Sympatric with B. salomonseni. Unique among all species of living Murinae in retaining a complete cephalic arterial pattern (the primitive configuration for muroid rodents) as indicated by the presence of a sphenofrontal foramen, squamosal-alisphenoid groove, large stapedial foramen, and groove scoring ventral surface of posterolateral pterygoid plate (Musser et al., 1998a). Batomys russatus is part of a small cluster of mammals endemic to Dinagat (which includes Crateromys australis and Podogymnura aureospinula).	Russet Batomys
13700700	Euroscaptor mizura subsp. othai	Imaizumi 1955	SUBSPECIES		othai	mizura		Euroscaptor	Talpidae	Soricomorpha							
13001253	Batomys salomonseni	Sanborn 1953	SPECIES			salomonseni		Batomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Vidensk. Medd. Nat. Foren. Kjobenhavn vol.115 p.287			Greater Mindanao Faunal Region on Isls of Mindanao, Dinagat, Biliran, and Leyte; tropical lowland evergreen rainforest to montane forest formations.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Originally described as the only species in Mindanaomys (Sanborn, 1953), but that genus considered inseparable from Batomys (Misonne, 1969; Musser and Heaney, 1992; Musser et al., 1998a). Morphologically more closely related to B. granti than to B. dentatus or B. russatus (Musser et al., 1998a), and the standard karyotype (2n = FN = 52) is indistinguishable from that of B. granti (Rickart and Heaney, 2002; Rickart and Musser, 1993). Distributional and ecological information summarized by Rickart et al. (1993) and Heaney et al. (1999).	Mindanao Batomys
13001491	Maxomys wattsi	Musser 1991	SPECIES			wattsi		Maxomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.3001 p.20			Known only from 4700-6000 ft (1432-1830 m) on Gunung Tambusisi, C Sulawesi.	IUCN  Endangered.	A distinctive species that is morphologically isolated from all other Sulawesian Maxomys except possibly M. musschenbroekii; assessing its phylogenetic relations to other species in the genus will require systematic revision of Maxomys (Musser, 1991).	Wattss Sulawesi Maxomys
13001254	Berylmys	Ellerman 1947	GENUS					Berylmys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1947-1948 117 p.261	Epimys manipulus Thomas, 1916.				RattusDivision. Originally proposed as a subgenus of Rattus by Ellerman (1947b) for B. manipulus and B. berdmorei, but elevated to generic rank in a revision by Musser and Newcomb (1983). They also recorded taxonomic history of names and groups associated with Berylmys, reported past evolutionary histories of species (centered in Indochina), and found that Berylmys was dentally similar to Niviventer, Maxomys, and Leopoldamys, but shared some derived cranial characters with Rattus and that phylogenetic relationships were still unknown. Sperm morphology united Berylmys with Sundamys, Rattus, and Leopoldamys (Breed and Yong, 1986), but that union was based on a shared spermatozoal form which is probably primitive. Analyses of microcomplement fixation of albumin (Watts and Baverstock, 1994a) and DNA sequences from LINE-1 retrotransposons (Usdin et al., 1995; Verneau et al., 1997,... [truncated]	
13001255	Berylmys berdmorei	Blyth 1851	SPECIES			berdmorei		Berylmys	Muridae	Rodentia	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.20 p.173		magnus (Kloss, 1916); mullulus (Thomas, 1916).	S China (S Yunnan; Wang, 2003; Yang and Wu, 1979; Zhang et al., 1997), S Burma, Thailand (J. T. Marshall, Jr., 1977a; Robinson et al., 1995), Cambodia, N and C Laos (Aplin et al., 2003c; Smith et al., In Press), and S Vietnam (Dang et al., 1994; Kuznetsov, 2000); also on Con Dao Isl (= Con Son Isl). Details of overall range are documented by Musser and Newcomb (1983) and Corbet and Hill (1992).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Berylmys berdmorei is the only species of Berylmys recorded from a small island (Con Dao, S Vietnam) off continental Indochina. Evolutionary history extends back to the middle Pleistocene, based on molars recovered from cave sediments in C Thailand (Chaimanee, 1998).	Berdmores Berylmys
13001256	Berylmys bowersi	Anderson 1879	SPECIES			bowersi		Berylmys	Muridae	Rodentia	Anat. Zool. Res., Yunnan p.304		ferreocanus  (Miller, 1900); kennethi (Kloss, 1919); lactiiventer (Kloss, 1919); latouchei (Thomas, 1897); totipes (Dao, 1966); wellsi (Thomas, 1921).	NE India (Agrawal, 2000), N and C Burma, S China (Yunnan, Guangxi, Fujiau, and S Anhui; Liu et al., 1985), N and peninsular Thailand, N Laos, Vietnam (Dang et al., 1994), Malay Peninsula, and NW Sumatra (Medan); see Musser and Newcomb (1983) and Corbet and Hill (1992).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Once relegated to Rattus in either subgenus Stenomys (Ellerman, 1947a) or Bullimus (Misonne, 1969); see Musser and Newcomb (1983) for taxonomic history. Not known to occur on small islands off continental margin; B. bowersi is the only species of Berylmys found on Malay Peninsula and a large island of the Sunda Shelf (Sumatra). Spermatozoal morphology and its significance documented by Breed and Yong (1986). Feng et al. (1986) identified a sample from SE Xizang (Tibet, China) as B. bowersi (which was accepted by Wang, 2003) but whether it is that species or B. mackenziei is unclear. Wang (2003) and Zhang et al. (1997) described an expansive distribution for B. bowersi in S China but because they do not recognize B. mackenziei, which also occurs in the same region, it is unclear whether their records represent just B. bowersi or both species. Fossils recovered from early to late Pleistocene cave strata i... [truncated]	Bowers Berylmys
13001257	Berylmys mackenziei	Thomas 1916	SPECIES			mackenziei		Berylmys	Muridae	Rodentia	J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. vol.24 p.40		fea  (Thomas, 1916).	NE India in Meghalaya (Shillong and Cherrapunji), Nagaland, Mizoram (Lushai Hills), and Manipur (Bishenpur and Tamenglong); C and S Burma, China (Sichuan), and S Vietnam; see Musser and Newcomb (1983) and Agrawal (2000).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Specimens of this distinctive species are usually misidentified as B. bowersi; see detailed comparisons in Musser and Newcomb (1983).	Mackenzies Berylmys
13001258	Berylmys manipulus	Thomas 1916	SPECIES			manipulus		Berylmys	Muridae	Rodentia	J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. vol.24 3 p.413		kekrimus Roonwal, 1948.	India in Assam (Golaghat), Nagaland (Kekrima and Naga Hills), and Manipur (Bishenpur, Senapati, and Imphal); N and C Burma, and S China (W Yunnan); distribution extracted from Agrawal (2000), Musser and Newcomb (1983), Wang (2003), Yang and Wu (1979), and Zhang et al. (1997).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	The taxon kekrimus was described as a subspecies and based on specimens from Nagaland, but Agrawal (2000), who reviewed the Indian segment of B. manipulus, could find no morphological basis for recognizing any significant differences between the Nagaland sample and typical B. manipulus.	Manipur Berylmys
13700563	Sorex pacificus	Coues 1877	SPECIES			pacificus	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Bull. U.S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr. vol.3 3 p.650		yaquinae  Jackson, 1918; cascadensis Carraway, 1990.	Coastal forests and Cascade Mountains, Oregon (USA).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Otisorex. S. vagrans complex (Carraway, 1990). Karyotype has 2n = 54, FN = 62. Not conspecific with mirabilis; see Yudin (1969) and Hoffmann (1971). Related to monticolus; see Findley (1955b), Junge and Hoffmann (1981), and George (1988). Reviewed by Carraway (1985, Mammalian Species No. 231), who later (1990) removed sonomae from synonymy; see comments under that species.	Pacific Shrew
13001259	Bullimus	Mearns 1905	GENUS					Bullimus	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. vol.28 p.450	Bullimus bagobus Mearns, 1905.				RattusDivision. Although described as a distinctive genus by Mearns, Bullimus has been treated as a subgenus of Rattus in most taxonomic works (e.g., Ellerman, 1941; Misonne, 1969; Simpson, 1945). Generically reinstated by Musser (1982c) and Musser and Newcomb (1983) and rediagnosed by Musser and Heaney (1992), who also documented taxonomic history and past associations with other murine genera. Bullimus belongs to the group of Philippine New Endemics (Musser and Heaney, 1992), and phylogenetic analyses of complete mtDNA cytochrome b sequences for 13 of the 16 genera of endemic Philippine murines placed it in a clade with Rattus everetti, Limnomys, and Tarsomys (Jansa and Heaney, 2001), which are also New Endemics. The association of Bullimus with genera in a Rattus Division is also supported by albumin immunology (Watts and Baverstock, 1994b) and chromosomal data (Rickart and Heaney, 2002; Rickart and ... [truncated]	
13001260	Bullimus bagobus	Mearns 1905	SPECIES			bagobus		Bullimus	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. vol.28 p.450		barkeri (Johnson, 1946); rabori (Sanborn, 1952).	Greater Mindanao Faunal Region in the Philippines. Isls of Samar, Calicoan, Leyte, Dinagat, Siargao, Mindanao, Bohol, and Maripipi, but probably occurs on other islands in the Greater Mindanao Faunal Region; altitudinal range 200-1800 m.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Morphology, ecology and distribution documented and contrasted with other species of Bullimus by Rickart et al., 1993, 2002). Standard karyotype (2n = 42, FN = 58) described by Rickart and Musser (1993).	Mindanao Bullimus
13001261	Bullimus gamay	Rickart, Heaney, and Tabaranza, Jr. 2002	SPECIES			gamay		Bullimus	Muridae	Rodentia	J. Mammal. vol.83 p.427			Endemic to Camiguin Isl in the Bohol Sea, 8 km north of NC Mindanao; found in remaining forests on the island, 900-1475 m.		Each of the other species of Bullimus is endemic to one of the great Pleistocene land masses. Although adjacent to Mindanao Isl, Camiguin Isl is not part of the Greater Mindanao land mass of the Pleistocene (Rickart et al., 2002). Isolated by a deep-water channel, it remained separate from Mindanao during Pleistocene sea level fluctuations. Bullimus gamay is a member of a rich mammalian fauna native to Camiguin of which 19 also occur on Mindanao: "proximity to a large island with a rich fauna (Mindanao) has allowed some colonization to occur, but isolation by deep water has been sufficient to promote speciation among some non-volant mammals" (Rickart et al., 2002). Presumably B. gamay is more closely related to B. bagobus, the species on Mindanao and other islands once part of Pleistocene Greater Mindanao, than to B. luzonicus, which is endemic to Pleistocene Greater Luzon. An undescribed species of Apomys is the only other murine endemi... [truncated]	Camiguin Bullimus
13001262	Bullimus luzonicus	Thomas 1895	SPECIES			luzonicus		Bullimus	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.16 p.163			Greater Luzon Faunal Region in the Philippines. Endemic to Luzon and represented by samples from scattered localities over the island, 200-2440 m.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	A poorly known species documented by few samples. Specimens from S Luzon are discussed by Heaney et al. (1999). Morphological and distributional comparisons with B. bagobus and B. gamay provided by Rickart et al. (2002).	Luzon Bullimus
13001263	Bunomys	Thomas 1910	GENUS					Bunomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.6 p.508	Mus coelestis Thomas, 1896.	Bunomys  Grandidier, 1905 (not Thomas, 1910); Frateromys Sody, 1941.			RattusDivision. Usually considered a Sulawesi endemic, although the Nusa Tenggaran naso has been referred to Bunomys (Corbet and Hill, 1992). Recognized as a genus until the 1930s (Tate, 1936), subsequently included in Rattus (Ellerman, 1941; Simpson, 1945; Laurie and Hill, 1954; Misonne, 1969), finally treated as separate genus (Musser and Newcomb, 1983; Musser, 1984, 1987a, 1991; Musser and Carleton, 1993; Corbet and Hill, 1991, 1992; Pavlinov et al., 1995a). Phylogenetic relationships unresolved, but member of Sulawesi New Endemics. Spermatozoal morphology distinctive although some species resemble the spermatozoal configuration in Rattus, which reflects shared primitive features (Breed and Musser, 1991). Kitchener et al. (1991a) considered Bunomys a very close relative of Paulamys, a Flores endemic; both are ecological if not morphological equivalents (Kitchener et al., 1998; Musser et al., 1986). Analysis of mic... [truncated]	
13001270	Carpomys	Thomas 1895	GENUS					Carpomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.16 p.161	Carpomys melanurus Thomas, 1895.				PhloeomysDivision. A Philippine Old Endemic in the same monophyletic cluster as Crateromys and Batomys (Musser and Heaney, 1992). Species of Carpomys are endemic to N Luzon and still represented only by the samples described by Thomas (1895) and recorded by Sanborn (1952a) and Largen (1985). Both species are apparently restricted to tropical upper montane forest (mossy forest), have long tails relative to head and body densely covered with long hairs, and short and broad feet. Conformation of tail and hind feet suggests the two species are arboreal; their molar occlusal patterns (see illustrations in Musser and Heaney, 1992) indicate a diet of leaves, flowers, and possibly fruit.	
13001271	Carpomys melanurus	Thomas 1895	SPECIES			melanurus		Carpomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.16 p.162			Greater Luzon Faunal Region in the Philippines. Known only from Mt Data, but probably occurs in other forested highlands of N Luzon.	IUCN  Data Deficient.		Large Luzon Carpomys
13500289	Sylvilagus audubonii subsp. audubonii	Baird 1858	SUBSPECIES		audubonii	audubonii	Sylvilagus	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Mammalia, in Repts. U.S. Expl. Surv. vol.8 8 p.608						
13800801	Hipposideros larvatus subsp. poutensis	Allen 1906	SUBSPECIES		poutensis	larvatus		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera							
13300011	Pectinator	Blyth 1855 "1856"	GENUS					Pectinator	Ctenodactylidae	Rodentia	Journ. Asiatic Soc. Bengal vol.24[for 1855] 2 p.294	Pectinator spekei Blyth, 1856.	Petrobates  Heuglin, 1860.				
13001274	Chiromyscus chiropus	Thomas 1891	SPECIES			chiropus		Chiromyscus	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, ser. 2 vol.10 p.884			SW China (S Yunnan; Wang, 2003), E Burma, N Thailand (J. T. Marshall, Jr., 1977a), Vietnam (Dang et al., 1994), Laos (Aplin et al., 2003c; Smith et al., In Press; AMNH 272902); see Musser (1981b) and Corbet and Hill (1992).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Corbet and Hill (1992) and Musser (1981b). This arboreal species is morphologically similar to Niviventer langbianis (Musser and Lunde, ms) and easily confused with it, but generally has a longer molar row, higher supraorbital and temporal cranial ridging, a bicolored or mottled tail, more expansive orange pattern on upperparts, and a nail-like claw on each hallux instead of a small claw.	Indochinese Chiromyscus
13400253	Dasyprocta punctata subsp. isthmica	Alston 1876	SUBSPECIES		isthmica	punctata		Dasyprocta	Dasyproctidae	Rodentia							
13001264	Bunomys andrewsi	J. A. Allen 1911	SPECIES			andrewsi		Bunomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.30 p.366		adspersus  (Miller and Hollister, 1921); heinrichi (Tate and Archbold, 1935); inferior (Tate and Archbold, 1935).	Sulawesi; central core, SE and SW peninsulas; primarily found in lowland tropical evergreen rainforest but reaches lower montane rainforest in some places.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt) as B. heinrichi, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	Bunomys fratrorum Group. Recognized as a distinct species in a "Rattus chrysocomus Group" (Tate, 1936; Ellerman, 1941), then in a "coelestis group" of Rattus (Ellerman, 1949a), subsequently treated as member of subgenus Rattus (Laurie and Hill, 1954), and currently included in Bunomys (Musser, 1981c; Musser and Newcomb, 1983). In morphology and pelage features, B. andrewsi is most closely related to B. fratrorum of the NW peninsula and B. penitus in the central core and SE peninsula. The taxon heinrichi has been treated as a species (Musser, 1991; Musser and Holden, 1991; Musser and Carleton, 1993), although originally described as a subspecies of Rattus penitus and listed that way by Ellerman in 1941; later arranged as a subspecies of Rattus adspersus (Ellerman, 1949a; Laurie and Hill, 1954), or included within Bunomys penitus (Musser, 1981c; Musse... [truncated]	Andrews Bunomys
13001265	Bunomys chrysocomus	Hoffmann 1887	SPECIES			chrysocomus		Bunomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Abh. Zool. Anthrop.-Ethnology Mus. Dresden vol.3 p.17		brevimolaris (Tate and Archbold, 1935); koka Tate and Archbold, 1935; nigellus (Miller and Hollister, 1921); rallus (Miller and Hollister, 1921).	Sulawesi; throughout island generally between 200 and 1500 m, reaching 2200 m in some regions.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>Core of B. chrysocomus Group. Placed in a "Rattus chrysocomus Group" (Tate, 1936), in subgenus Rattus (Ellerman, 1941), then subgenus Maxomys of Rattus (Ellerman 1949a: Laurie and Hill, 1954, but later treated as a Bunomys (Musser, 1981c, 1991; Musser and Newcomb, 1983; Musser and Carleton, 1993); Corbet and Hill, 1992). Chromosomes described by Duncan (1976) and karyotypic data summarized and compared with other murines by Rickart and Musser (1993).</p><p>On the NE peninsula, B. chrysocomus is sympatric with B. fratrorum; in the central core of the island it is broadly sympatric with an undescribed species at middle altitudes and marginally sympatric with B. andrewsi at low elevations and B. penitus in montane forest. No extant specimens of B. chrysocomus have been collected from lowlands of the SW peninsula, partly because most of the original forest has been removed and partly bec... [truncated]	Common Bunomys
13001266	Bunomys coelestis	Thomas 1896	SPECIES			coelestis		Bunomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.18 p.248			Sulawesi; endemic to the slopes of Gunung Lampobatang at tip of SW peninsula; found in montane forest formations between 1800 and 2500 m.	IUCN  Endangered.	Bunomys chrysocomus Group. More closely related to B. chrysocomus than to any other species of Bunomys. Retained as a species of Bunomys by Tate (1936), but subsequently included in a "coelestis group" of Rattus (Ellerman, 1941, 1949a), listed as a species in subgenus Rattus (Laurie and Hill, 1954), or synonymized under Bunomys chrysocomus (Musser, 1981c; Musser and Newcomb, 1983). Finally reinstated as a species restricted to montane forest on Gunung Lampobatang (Musser, 1991; Musser and Holden, 1991). Tate and Archbold (1935) described koka from mountains of the SE peninsula as a subspecies of B. coelestis, but that is a sample of B. chrysocomus.	Lampobatang Bunomys
13001267	Bunomys fratrorum	Thomas 1896	SPECIES			fratrorum		Bunomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.18 p.246			Sulawesi; Endemic to NE region of N peninsula.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Bunomys fratrorum Group. Despite Thomas' clear declaration that fratrorum was distinct from chrysocomus, an evaluation also supported by Tate (1936) and Sody (1941), fratrorum was listed as a synonym of B. chrysocomus by Ellerman (1949a) and Laurie and Hill (1954). The two are sympatric on the NE peninsula (Musser, 1970d, 1981c, 1991; Musser and Newcomb, 1983; Musser, ms). In contrast to C Sulawesi where three species of the B. fratrorum species-complex are altitudinally distributed in a pattern of parapatric ranges, B. fratrorum is the only representative on the NE peninsula where it inhabits tropical evergreen rainforest formations from lowlands to high in mountains. Sody (1941) designated fratrorum as the type species of Frateromys.	Northeastern Peninsula Bunomys
13001268	Bunomys penitus	Miller and Hollister 1921	SPECIES			penitus		Bunomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.34 p.72		sericatus (Miller and Hollister, 1921).	Sulawesi; endemic to montane forest formations in central core and SE peninsula.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>Bunomys fratrorum Group. Originally described as a species of Rattus, then listed as a species in the chrysocomus Group of Rattus (Tate, 1936; Ellerman, 1941), treated as a subspecies of Rattus adspersus (Laurie and Hill, 1954), and included in Frateromys by Sody (1941). Bunomys penitus is distinctive in morphology and confined to lower and upper montane evergreen rainforest (Musser, 1987a, 1991; Musser and Dagosto, 1987; Musser and Holden, 1991; Musser and Newcomb, 1983; Musser, ms). Karyotypic data summarized by Rickart and Musser (1993).</p><p>In the C part of Sulawesi, B. penitus inhabits montane forest formations, is replaced by an undescribed species in tropical evergreen rainforest at middle elevations, and by B. andrewsi below that species in lowland forests. No records indicate that any species in the B. fratrorum species-group are sympatric, but B. chrysocomus of the B. chrysocomus G... [truncated]	Montane Bunomys
13001269	Bunomys prolatus	Musser 1991	SPECIES			prolatus		Bunomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.3001 p.4			Known only from 6000 ft (1830 m) on Gunung Tambusisi, Sulawesi.	IUCN  Endangered.	Bunomys chrysocomus Group. Morphologically most closely related to B. chrysocomus, with which it is nearly sympatric (both were caught at the same elevation but in different habitats; Musser, 1991).	Tambusisi Bunomys
13500295	Sylvilagus audubonii subsp. warreni	Nelson 1907	SUBSPECIES		warreni	audubonii	Sylvilagus	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13001275	Chiropodomys	Peters 1869	GENUS					Chiropodomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin p.448	Mus gliroides Blyth, 1856.	Insulaemus Taylor, 1934.			<p>MicromysDivision. Revised by Musser (1979). Among Asian murines, phylogenetic position of Chiropodomys is ambiguous. Musser and Newcomb (1983) postulated a phylogenetic link between Chiropodomys and Hapalomys, which was also indicated by Misonne (1969) and Chaimanee (1998) based upon molar occlusal patterns, and a weaker tie to Haeromys. Ellerman (1949a;132) saw a "close relationship" between Chiropodomys and Vandeleuria. Spermatozoal morphology of Chiropodomys resembles that described for species of Hapalomys, Maxomys, and Haeromys, and is also similar to Mus (Breed and Musser, 1991; Breed and Yong, 1986). Musser (1979) and Musser and Newcomb (1983) recorded other published opinions about relationships of Chiropodomys. No data supports the inclusion of Chiropodomys within the Phloeomyinae along with Coryphomys, Lenomys, Pogonomys, Chiruromys, Mallo... [truncated]	
13001276	Chiropodomys calamianensis	Taylor 1934	SPECIES			calamianensis		Chiropodomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Monogr. Bur. Sci. Manila vol.30 p.470			Endemic to Greater Palawan Faunal Region on islands Busuanga, Balabac, and Palawan (politically part of the Philippines but faunistically an extension of the Sunda Shelf).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Originally described as the type species of Insulaemus (Taylor, 1934). In morphology and geographic continuity, C. calamianensis is most closely related to C. major of mainland Borneo (Musser, 1979). Chiropodomys calamianensis joins Maxomys panglima and Palawanomys furvus as the only recorded murines endemic to the Greater Palawan Faunal Region.	Palawan Pencil-tailed Tree Mouse
13001277	Chiropodomys gliroides	Blyth 1856	SPECIES			gliroides		Chiropodomys	Muridae	Rodentia	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.24 p.721		ana Thomas and Wroughton, 1909; jingdongensis Wu and Deng, 1984; niadis Miller, 1903; peguensis (Blyth, 1859); penicillatus Peters, 1868.	Documented from W China (S Guangxi andYunnan; Wang, 2003, and Zhang et al., 1997), NE India (Assam; Agrawal, 2000), Burma, Thailand (J. T. Marshall, Jr. 1977a; Robinson et al., 1995), Laos (Smith et al., In Press), Vietnam (Dang et al., 1994; Lunde et al., 2003b), Malay Peninsula (Medway, 1969), S Sumatra, Pulau Nias, Kepulauan Tujuh, Kepulauan Natuna, Java, and Bali; range primarily extracted from Corbet and Hill (1992), Musser (1979), and Wu and Deng (1984); probably also occurs on other small islands of the Sunda Shelf and in Cambodia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Variation among some samples in certain morphological features significantly correlated with geography both on mainland Indochina and islands of the Sunda Shelf (Musser, 1979). One example of that variation is in the cranial traits distinguishing populations south of the Isthmus of Kra (10E N latitude) from those occurring to the north. Another is reflected in Wu and Deng's (1984) description of C. jingdongensis, based on a small sample from W Yunnan, in which a few cranial dimensions average slightly larger than most samples of C. gliroides from elsewhere in its range, but are not otherwise significantly different (Corbet and Hill, 1992, and our study of specimens; however, Zheng et al. [1997] and Wang [2003] continued to recognize jingdongensis as a separate species). Chromosomal data reported by Yong (1973, 1983), J. T. Marshall, Jr. (1977a), and Tsuchiya et al. (1979). Dang et al. (1994) mapped localities in C Vietnam but the species has al... [truncated]	Indomalayan Pencil-tailed Tree Mouse
13001278	Chiropodomys karlkoopmani	Musser 1979	SPECIES			karlkoopmani		Chiropodomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.162 6 p.389			Known only from Pagai (Musser, 1979), and Siberut (Jenkins and Hill, 1982) in the Mentawai Isls.	IUCN  Endangered.	The largest in body size of any described Chiropodomys, and possibly most closely related to C. major. Part of the rodent fauna endemic to the Mentawai Arch. (see account of Leopoldomys siporanus).	Koopmans Pencil-tailed Tree Mouse
13001279	Chiropodomys major	Thomas 1893	SPECIES			major		Chiropodomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.11 p.344		legatus  Thomas, 1911; pictor Thomas, 1911.	Borneo: recorded only from Sarawak and Sabah (Musser, 1979), but probably also occurs in Kalimantan; found between 900 and 1500 m on Mt Kinabalu in Sabah (Corbet and Hill, 1992; Md Nor, 2001).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Most closely related to C. calamianensis in morphology and geography. Member of a group of murines endemic to Borneo that includes Chiropodomys muroides, C. pusillus, Haeromys margaretae, Maxomys alticola, M. baeodon, M. ochraceiventer, Niviventer rapit, Pithecheirops otion, and Rattus baluensis.	Greater Pencil-tailed Tree Mouse
13001280	Chiropodomys muroides	Medway 1965	SPECIES			muroides		Chiropodomys	Muridae	Rodentia	J. Malay. Branch R. Asiat. Soc. vol.36 3 p.133			Known only by a few specimens from Gunung Kinabalu (1100-1220 m; Md Nor, 2001) and N Kalimantan (Long Petak), but probably occurs elsewhere on Borneo.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	The smallest in body size of any known species of Chiropodomys; its closest phylogenetic allies may be C. gliroides and C. pusillus.	Gray-bellied Pencil-tailed Tree Mouse
13001281	Chiropodomys pusillus	Thomas 1893	SPECIES			pusillus		Chiropodomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.11 p.345			Recorded only from Sabah, Sarawak, and S Kalimantan (Musser, 1979), but probably occurs throughout Borneo.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Thomas described pusillus as a species, but Musser (1979) treated it as a distinctive subspecies of C. gliroides. However, the few known specimens of pusillus represent a population of small-bodied mice in which the range of variation of most dimensions are outside of the range recorded for all other samples of C. gliroides. On Mt Kinabalu in Sabah, C. pusillus is found between 300 and 1220 m (Md Nor, 2001; recorded as gliroides). Member of the endemic Bornean murine fauna (see account of C. major).	Lesser Pencil-tailed Tree Mouse
13500290	Sylvilagus audubonii subsp. arizonae	Mearns 1896	SUBSPECIES		arizonae	audubonii	Sylvilagus	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13001317	Dacnomys millardi	Thomas 1916	SPECIES			millardi		Dacnomys	Muridae	Rodentia	J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. vol.24 3 p.404		ingens  Osgood, 1932; wroughtoni Thomas, 1922.	E Nepal (specimens in FMNH), NE India (West Bengal, Nagaland, and Arunachal Pradesh; Agrawal, 2000), N Laos, NW Vietnam (only west of the Red River; specimens in FMNH and MVZ), and S China (S and NW Yunnan; Li et al., 1987; Wang, 2003; Zhang et al., 1997); probably occurs over a wider geographic range (N Burma, for example; Musser, 1981b).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	The few known specimens show appreciable variation in body size, but as Corbet and Hill (1992:360) noted, "too few specimens are available to assess the overall variation." Reviewed by Osgood (1932), Agrawal (2000), Corbet and Hill (1992), and Musser (1981b).	Millards Dacnomys
13001282	Chiruromys	Thomas 1888	GENUS					Chiruromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1888 p.237	Chiruromys forbesi Thomas, 1888.				PogonomysDivision. Member of the New Guinea Old Endemics (Musser, 1981c). This group of arboreal species was united with Pogonomys as a subgenus (Laurie and Hill, 1954; Tate, 1951; Thomas, 1897a) until the chromosomal and morphometric study by Dennis and Menzies (1979) demonstrated how different Chiruromys is compared to Pogonomys. The closest phylogenetic relative was thought to be Pogonomys, as assessed by morphology (for example, Tate, 1951); analysis of microcomplement fixation of albumin (Watts and Baverstock, 1994a) tends to support this alliance and unites Chiruromys with Pogonomys, Hyomys, Macruromys, Mallomys, Coccymys, and Anisomys in the same clade. Tate included Chiruromys (as a subgenus of Pogonomys) in the Phloeomyinae, which included Chiropodomys, Crateromys, Lenomys, Mallomys, and Phloeomys (an arrangement followed by ... [truncated]	
13001283	Chiruromys forbesi	Thomas 1888	SPECIES			forbesi		Chiruromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1888 p.239		major (Tate and Archbold, 1935); mambatus (Thomas, 1920); pulcher Thomas, 1895; satisfactus (Tate and Archbold, 1935); shawmayeri (Laurie, 1952); vulturnus (Thomas, 1920).	Papua New Guinea; endemic to mainland of SE Papua New Guinea, sea level to 700 m. Not recorded west of Oomsis Creek in valley of Markham River (see map of this region in Brass, 1959), and extends eastward to Bara Bara near Milne Bay (Thomas, 1897a); also on D'Entrecasteaux Isls (Goodenough, Fergusson, and Normanby). Occurs in lowlands (sea level to 700 m) on the mainland, but up to 1300 m on Goodenough Isl and nearly 900 m on Normanby Isl (Flannery, 1995a, and specimens in AMNH). Dennis and Menzies (1979) included the Louisiade Isls in the range, but samples in AMNH of Chiruromys from there are not forbesi but examples of a separate undescribed species (Musser and Lunde, ms).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>Significance of the appreciable geographic variation in body size and other traits recently assessed by Musser and Lunde (ms) who provided results of multivariate analysis of morphometric variation in samples from the mainland of E Papua and the three largest DEntrecasteaux Isls (Goodenough, Fergusson and Normanby). Within the island samples, that from Goodenough averages larger in cranial dimensions than the other two, and as a group the three insular samples average larger than those from mainland Papua in both cranial and dental dimensions. The names satisfactus and major were applied to samples from Goodenough Isl (Tate and Archbold, 1935), and shawmayeri to specimens from Fergusson Isl (Laurie, 1952).</p><p>The contrast between mainland and insular populations reflects some evolutionary divergence in the island populations after separation from the mainland at the end of the Pleistocene when sea levels rose. The DEntrecasteaux Isls are on the continental ... [truncated]	Forbess Chiruromys
13001284	Chiruromys lamia	Thomas 1897	SPECIES			lamia		Chiruromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova vol.18 p.615		kagi (Tate, 1951).	Mainland Papua New Guinea; known only from the Owen Stanley Range in SE Papua, from 1200 to 2300 m (Flannery, 1995a; specimens in AMNH, BMNH).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Occurs in the same general mainland region as C. forbesi, but replaces it at higher elevations. Specimens and habitat on eastern flanks of Mount Dayman discussed by Cole et al. (1997).	Broad-headed Chiruromys
13001285	Chiruromys vates	Thomas 1908	SPECIES			vates		Chiruromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.2 p.495			Mainland Papua New Guinea; S side of Central Cordillera, from Lake Murray area in the Trans-Fly region (Western Province) east to the Kokoda Gap region near type locality; sea level to 1500 m (Flannery, 1990b, 1995a).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Lesser Chiruromys
13001286	Chrotomys	Thomas 1895	GENUS					Chrotomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.16 p.161	Chrotomys whiteheadi Thomas, 1895.	Celaenomys  Thomas, 1898.			ChrotomysDivision. Philippine Old Endemic shrew rats unrelated to shrew rats and shrew mice endemic to Australia and New Guinea (Musser and Heaney, 1992). Phylogenetic analyses of complete mtDNA cytochrome b sequences for 13 of the 16 genera of endemic Philippine murines places Chrotomys (along with Celaenomys) in the same clade as Apomys, Archboldomys, and Rhynchomys, which are also Old Endemics (Jansa and Heaney, 2001); karyotypic variation supports this alliance (Rickart and Heaney, 2002). Actual distribution in archipelago and number of species in genus still unknown; an undescribed species has been found in lowland forest on Sibuyan Isl (Heaney et al., 1999).	
13001287	Chrotomys gonzalesi	Rickart and Heaney 1991	SPECIES			gonzalesi		Chrotomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.104 p.389			Greater Luzon Faunal Region in the Philippine . Known only from Mt Isarog, Luzon, in lower and upper montane evergreen forest formations, 1350-1750 m (Heaney et al., 1998, 1999).	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Morphology, ecology, and comparisons with other species of Chrotomys provided by Rickart and Heaney (1991) and Rickart et al. (1991). Altitudinal distribution and ecology summarized by Heaney et al. (1999). Standard karyotype (2n = 44, FN = 52; Rickart and Musser, 1993) indistinguishable from those of Rhynchomys isarogensis and Chrotomys silaceus (Rickart and Heaney, 2002; the latter recorded as Celaenomys).	Isarog Chrotomys
13001288	Chrotomys mindorensis	Kellogg 1945	SPECIES			mindorensis		Chrotomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.58 p.123			Lowlands (sea level to 1000 m) of N Luzon and Mindoro (Heaney et al., 1998).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Considered specifically distinct from C. whiteheadi by Musser et al. (1982b). Larger series and analyses of both morphological and molecular data are needed to test the hypothesis that the populations on Mindoro (Greater Mindoro Faunal Region) and Luzon (Greater Luzon Faunal Region) represent the same species.	Lowland Chrotomys
13001294	Colomys	Thomas and Wroughton 1907	GENUS					Colomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.19 p.379	Colomys goslingi Thomas and Wroughton, 1907.				ColomysDivision. Nilopegamys has been included in Colomys (Hayman, 1966) but was recently separated from it (Kerbis Peterhans and Patterson, 1995). Using dental characteristics, Misonne (1969) placed Colomys in a Parapodemus group of his Lenothrix-Parapodemus Division with an inferred relationship to Malacomys, but that affinity is currently rejected (Dieterlen, 1983; E. Lecompte, 2002b; results of our research). Molar occlusal patterns of Colomys resemble those of the African Zelotomys (Misonne, 1969, and verified by our observations), a shared-derived morphological feature concordant with results from phylogenetic analyses of complete mtDNA cytochrome b sequences (Lecompte et al., 2002b) and nuclear IRBP gene sequences (Lecompte, 2003), which indicates Colomys to be sister to Zelotomys. Those molecular data align Colomys and Zelotomys with Myomyscus verreauxii in a m... [truncated]	
13001289	Chrotomys silaceus	Thomas 1895	SPECIES			silaceus		Chrotomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.16 p.161			Greater Luzon Faunal Region in the Philippines. Endemic to montane forest in N Luzon; known from Benguet and Kalinga provinces (Heaney et al., 1998; Largen, 1985; Rickart and Heaney, 2002; Sanborn, 1952a), 1800-2500 m, but probably lives in montane forest formations elsewhere on N Luzon.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Celaenomys silaceus.	Standard karyotype (2n = 44, FN = 52) is indistinguishable from those of Rhynchomys isarogensis and Chrotomys gonzalesi (Rickart and Heaney, 2002). Made the type species of Celaenomys, a genus separated from Chrotomys by its lack of M3 (Thomas, 1898b). Celaenomys has been recognized in past compendia (Ellerman, 1941; Heaney et al., 1998; Musser and Heaney, 1992), but recently synonymized with Chrotomys because M3 occurs in one or both molar rows in some specimens (Corbet and Hill, 1992; Mussers observations). A suite of highly distinctive and derived external and cranial traits unites silaceus with other species of Chrotomys to the exclusion of the other Philippine shrew rats, Archboldomys, Crunomys, and Rhynchomys (Musser and Heaney, 1992).	Blazed Luzon Chrotomys
13001290	Chrotomys whiteheadi	Thomas 1895	SPECIES			whiteheadi		Chrotomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.16 p.161			Greater Luzon Faunal Region in the Philippines. Endemic to N Luzon in the Central Cordillera of Benguet, Mountain, and Kalinga provinces, 1000-1500 m (Heaney et al., 1999; Rickart and Heaney, 2002).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	One specimen is recorded from Irisan, Benguet Province (Hollister, 1913b); a small series comes from Kalinga Province (L. Heaney, in litt., 2002), and all other examples are from the type locality (Largen, 1985; Sanborn, 1952a; Thomas, 1895). Standard karyotype (2n = 38, FN = 52) differs from Rhynchomys isarogensis, Chrotomys gonzalesi, and C. silaceus (2n = 44, recorded as Celaenomys) by three Robertsonian translocations (Rickart and Heaney, 2002).	Montane Chrotomys
13001291	Coccymys	Menzies 1990	GENUS					Coccymys	Muridae	Rodentia	Science in New Guinea vol.16 p.132	Pogonomelomys ruemmleri Tate and Archbold, 1941.				PogonomysDivision. A New Guinea Old Endemic. Analysis of immunological distances by Watts and Baverstock (1994a) for New Guinea murines indicated Coccymys (represented by C. ruemmleri) showed no clear affinities with any other genus but appeared to be a distinctive member of their "Anisomys" clade (our Pogonomys Division). Sperm morphology of C. ruemmleri described by Breed and Aplin (1994) and its significance as a guide to relationships of Coccymys within endemic New Guinea murines outlined by Breed (1997). Our allocation to the Pogonomys Division is provisional pending phylogenetic analyses incorporating a wide array of morphological data sets combined with a range of different gene sequences.	
13001292	Coccymys albidens	Tate 1951	SPECIES			albidens		Coccymys	Muridae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.97 p.286			New Guinea, Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya); known only from the N slopes of the Snow Mtns (Pegunungan Maoke) at the type locality and downslope at 2800 m (9 km NE Lake Habbema). Possibly endemic to the Snow Mtns; all the past collecting activity in the mountains of Papua New Guinea have not discovered the species living there.	IUCN  Endangered.	Still represented only by six specimens collected in 1938. Three of these form the type series, one of the other three had been misidentified as "Pogonomys sylvestris" and two were misidentified as "Pogonomelomys ruemmleri". Originally described as a species of Melomys (Tate, 1951), but Musser and Carleton (1993) placed albidens in Coccymys because so many of its traits are unlike those defining species within Melomys and some characteristics are more similar to those defining reummleri. This conclusion was reached independently by Flannery (1990b) and Menzies (1990), although neither of them formally allocated albidens and ruemmleri to the same genus. Further study has revealed that albidens and ruemmleri seem to form a monophyletic group, as defined by morphology, but are separated by a suite of external, cranial, and dental traits (Musser and Lunde, in ms.).	White-toothed Coccymys
13001293	Coccymys ruemmleri	Tate and Archbold 1941	SPECIES			ruemmleri		Coccymys	Muridae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.1101 p.6		shawmayeri (Hinton, 1943).	New Guinea; Central Cordillera from Mt Wilhelmina in the Snow Mtns (Pegunungan Maoke) of Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya) to Mt Saint Mary in Central Province of Papua New Guinea; 2000-4050 m; Flannery (1995a) and Musser and Lunde (ms). Apparently absent from the Owen Stanley Range in E Papua New Guinea.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	The species ruemmleri was originally described as a Pogonomelomys (Tate and Archbold, 1941), but because its morphology is so different from other species in that genus Tate (1951) placed ruemmleri in a group within Pogonomelomys separate from mayeri and bruijnii, the species considered typical of the genus. The distinctiveness of ruemmleri was reinforced by Lidicker's (1968) study of phallic morphology; others have noted that it was not part of the same monophyletic group containing the other species of Pogonomelomys (for example, Flannery, 1990b). Finally, Menzies (1990) made ruemmleri the type species of Coccymys. Before the reports of Lidicker, Flannery, and Menzies, the unique character of ruemmleri had been ascertained by Jack Mahoney, who died before he could finish his revision of the group. The form shawmayeri was described by Hinton (1943), who considered it a remarkable species of R... [truncated]	Rümmlers Coccymys
13001308	Cremnomys elvira	Ellerman 1946	SPECIES			elvira		Cremnomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 11 vol.13 p.207			Another Indian peninsular endemic; known only from SE India at the type locality in Tamil Nadu (Agrawal, 2000; Corbet and Hill, 1992).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Still only represented by few specimens from region of the type locality. Reviewed by Agrawal (2000).	Elvira Cremnomys
13500291	Sylvilagus audubonii subsp. baileyi	Merriam 1897	SUBSPECIES		baileyi	audubonii	Sylvilagus	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500292	Sylvilagus audubonii subsp. confinis	J. Allen 1898	SUBSPECIES		confinis	audubonii	Sylvilagus	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13001295	Colomys goslingi	Thomas and Wroughton 1907	SPECIES			goslingi		Colomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.19 p.380		bicolor  Thomas, 1912; denti St. Leger, 1930; eisentrauti Dieterlen, 1983; ruandensis Dieterlen, 1983.	Recorded from Liberia (Lofa), Cameroon, NE Angola, NW Zambia, Dem. Rep. Congo, Ruanda, Uganda, E Kenya, S Sudan, and W Ethiopia (range mostly abstracted from Dieterlen, 1983); limits unresolved.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>Study of external, cranial, and dental variation in context of taxonomic revision provided by Dieterlen (1983). Recent research by Rainer Hutterer and his colleagues (R. Hutterer, in litt., 1999) is uncovering a much greater range in morphological variation within and among geographic samples of Colomys than has been documented, which indicates the current definition of C. goslingi to be a composite of several separate species.</p><p>Colomys goslingi is most commonly found along banks of small and shallow flowing streams and pools in tropical evergreen rainforests (Dieterlen, 1983; Hatt, 1940a), but has also been taken along streams in grassland far from forest (Hayman, 1966). Hayman supposed Colomys to "be a relict forest form" and its survival in regions where forests have retreated or been cleared "may be due to its aquatic specialisation which enabled it to continue to exist wherever any permanent water with sufficient bordering vegetational co... [truncated]	African Wading Rat
13001296	Conilurus	Ogilby 1838	GENUS					Conilurus	Muridae	Rodentia	Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol.18 p.124	Conylurus constructor Ogilby, 1837 (= Hapalotis albipes Lichtenstein, 1829).	Conylurus Ogilby, 1837; Hapalotis Lichtenstein, 1829.			PseudomysDivision. Member of the Australian Old Endemics (Musser, 1981c) that is phylogenetically closely allied to Mesembriomys (Watts et al., 1992). Conilurus was also considered a phylogenetic ally of Leporillus (Watts et al., 1992), but that conclusion was based on one-way microcomplement fixation of albumin reactions and is unsupported by more recent analyses using DNA sequences that group Leporillus with Pseudomys and its relatives (K. Alpin, in litt., 2004). Watts and Baverstock (1994a) included Conilurus within a larger clade, the Hydromyini (incorporating Conilurini where Conilurus has usually been placed; Baverstock, 1984), which encompassed members of our Hydromys, Xeromys, Pseudomys, and Uromys Divisions (the "Australasian clade" of Watts and Baverstock, 1995b, 1996). Mahoney and Richardson (1988:154) cataloged taxonomic, distributional, and biological references,... [truncated]	
13001297	Conilurus albipes	Lichtenstein 1829	SPECIES			albipes		Conilurus	Muridae	Rodentia	Darst. Säugeth. vol.6 p.2 unno. text pages and pl. 29		constructor  (Ogilby, 1837); destructor Palmer, 1897.	Australia; once occurred in a strip from SE Queensland through coastal New South Wales and Victoria into SE South Australia (Robinson et al., 2000; Watts and Aslin, 1981:130); see Williams and Menkhorst (1995a) for past distribution in Victoria.	IUCN  Extinct.	Living C. albipes have not been encountered by naturalists for over a century and the species is apparently extinct (Mahoney and Richardson, 1988; Watts and Aslin, 1981; Dixon, 1995a).	White-footed Conilurus
13001298	Conilurus penicillatus	Gould 1842	SPECIES			penicillatus		Conilurus	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1842 p.12		hemileucurus (Gould, 1858); melanura (Gray, 1844); melibius Thomas, 1921; randi Tate and Archbold, 1938.	Australia; northern coastal area of Northern Territory and adjacent islands (Melville Isl, Bathurst Isl, Groote Eylandt, Sir Edward Pellew Group, and Wellesley Isl, and the extreme NE Western Australia (Kemper, 1995a:553; Watts and Aslin, 1981:133); SC Papua New Guinea in Morehead region (Flannery, 1995a; Waithman, 1979).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>Analyses of external morphology of glans penis and spermatozoal structure provided by Breed (1984), Breed and Sarafis (1978), and Morrissey and Breed (1982). Kemper and Schmitt (1992) reported multivariate study of external and cranial morphology among samples from N Australian and SC New Guinea in the context of assessing geographic variation and zoogeography; populations on Mellville and Bathurst Isls and SC New Guinea are morphometrically the most distinct compared with mainland Australian populations. Studies of chromosomal features (Baverstock et al., 1977c, 1983b), electrophoretic data (Baverstock et al., 1981), phallic morphology (Lidicker and Brylski, 1987), and dental traits (Misonne, 1969) supported the hypothesis that C. penicillatus is phylogenetically closely related to Mesembriomys gouldi, and microcomplement fixation data placed it in the same clade close to species of Leporillus and Mesembriomys (Watts et al., 1992; bu... [truncated]	Brush-tailed Conilurus
13001299	Coryphomys	Schaub 1937	GENUS					Coryphomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Verh. Naturf. Ges. Basel vol.48 p.2	Coryphomys buehleri Schaub, 1937.				PogonomysDivision. Simpson (1945) listed Coryphomys, along with Lenomys, Pogonomys, Chiropodomys, Mallomys, Phloeomys, and Crateromys in the Phloeomyinae, but no data supports association with any of those genera except possibly Pogonomys and Mallomys. Based upon our study, we suggest that Coryphomys is part of an early radiation of New Guinea endemics that include the extant species in our Pogonomys Division, which is comparable to the Anisomyini as outlined by Watts and Baverstock (1994b).	
13001300	Coryphomys buehleri	Schaub 1937	SPECIES			buehleri		Coryphomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Verh. Naturf. Ges. Basel vol.48 p.2			Recorded only from Timor.	Extinct.	Known only by subfossil fragments collected at the type locality and from sites in E Timor (Glover, 1986). Related to endemic New Guinea murines and not to species of Papagomys, Hooijeromys, Komodomys, or Paulamys on Flores (Mussers research). Coryphomys buehleri is one of four species, each in its own genus, of giant rats (three have yet to be named and described) endemic to Timor; all are known only by subfossils (Glover, 1986) and may be related to the New Guinea Old Endemics we place in the Pogonomys Group.	Buhlers Coryphomys
13001316	Dacnomys	Thomas 1916	GENUS					Dacnomys	Muridae	Rodentia	J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. vol.24 3 p.404	Dacnomys millardi Thomas, 1916.				DacnomysDivision. Reviewed by Musser (1981b). Closest phylogenetic alliance may be with Niviventer, particularly with members of the N. andersoni group (Musser, 1981b).	
13001301	Crateromys	Thomas 1895	GENUS					Crateromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.16 p.163	Phloeomys schadenbergi Meyer, 1895.				PhloeomysDivision. A Philippine Old Endemic in the same monophyletic group as Batomys and Carpomys (Musser and Heaney, 1992). Reviewed by Musser and Gordon (1981) and Musser et al. (1985). Phylogenetic analyses of complete mtDNA cytochrome b sequences for 13 of the 16 genera of endemic Philippine murines indicates Crateromys belongs in a clade with Batomys and Phloeomys (Jansa and Heaney, 2001). The tie to Phloeomys was suggested an an alternative hypothesis by Musser and Heaney (1992). Except for the phylogenetic link to Phloeomys, no data supports a close relationship between Crateromys and Coryphomys, Lenomys, Pogonomys, Chiruromys, Chiropodomys, and Mallomys, which, along with Crateromys and Phloeomys, were brought together in the Phloeomyinae by Tate (1936), an arrangement followed by Simpson (1945). Placed by Misonne (1969) in a Lenothrix Gro... [truncated]	
13001302	Crateromys australis	Musser, Heaney, and Rabor 1985	SPECIES			australis		Crateromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.2821 p.3			Greater Mindanao Faunal Region in the Philippines. Endemic to Dinagat Isl and known only from the type locality in tropical lowland evergreen rainforest (Heaney et al., 1999).	IUCN  Endangered.	Known only by the holotype. People living on the nearby island of Siargao reported seeing an arboreal rat resembling C. australis (Oliver et al, 1993). Pelage texture and coloration of C. australis is strikingly different from the other species of Crateromys, in some ways recalling species of Batomys; its molar occlusal patterns also resemble those characterizing Batomys. The latter is much smaller in body size, and terrestrial. A larger sample of C. australis is required from which data can be derived for analyses of morphological and molecular traits to test the following phylogenetic alternatives: 1) the species is a Crateromys unlike any other in the genus, 2) a giant arboreal Batomys, 3) a phylogenetic link between Crateromys and Batomys, or 4) member of a separate clade.	Dinagat Crateromys
13001303	Crateromys heaneyi	Gonzales and Kennedy 1996	SPECIES			heaneyi		Crateromys	Muridae	Rodentia	J. Mammal. vol.76 p.26			Greater Negros-Panay Faunal Region in the Philippines. Endemic to Panay Isl in lowland tropical primary and secondary evergreen rainforest formations (Gonzales and Kennedy, 1996; Schweigert, 1998).	IUCN  Endangered.	Schweigert (1998) provided distributional and ecological notes. Morphological features indicate a closer relationship to C. schadenbergi than to other species of Crateromys (Gonzales and Kennedy, 1996; Mussers study of specimens).	Panay Crateromys
13001304	Crateromys paulus	Musser and Gordon 1981	SPECIES			paulus		Crateromys	Muridae	Rodentia	J. Mammal. vol.62 p.515			Greater Mindoro Faunal Region in the Philippines. Known only from the type locality.	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Still represented only by the holotype. The species is probably extinct on Ilin (Pritchard, 1989), but people living on nearby Mindoro Isl report an animal resembling C. paulus living in lowland forest (Oliver et al., 1993).	Ilin Crateromys
13001305	Crateromys schadenbergi	Meyer 1895	SPECIES			schadenbergi		Crateromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Abh. Mus. Dresden vol.6 p.1			Greater Luzon Faunal Region in the Philippines. Endemic to the mountains of N Luzon (Heaney et al., 1998; Oliver et al., 1993; Sanborn, 1952a).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	The largest-bodied of all the species of Crateromys and an arboreal inhabitant of oak-pine forest where it builds stick-nests in tree crowns for shelter (Oliver et al., 1993; Heaney et al., 1998). In many ways, C. schadenbergi is an ecological and morphological equivalent of large-bodied tropical tree squirrels (Sciuridae), which do not occur in the Greater Luzon Faunal Region.	Luzon Crateromys
13001306	Cremnomys	Wroughton 1912	GENUS					Cremnomys	Muridae	Rodentia	J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. vol.21 p.340	Cremnomys cutchicus Wroughton, 1912.				<p>MillardiaDivision. An Indian subcontinental endemic that was incorporated into subgenus Rattus (Ellerman, 1941), then arranged as a valid subgenus within Rattus (Ellerman, 1961; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951), and finally reinstated as a distinctive genus related to Millardia (Gadi and Sharma, 1983; Misonne, 1969; Raman and Sharma, 1977) and Madromys (see that account).</p><p>Evolutionary history as revealed by fossils from Swalik strata in NW India can be traced back to the early Pliocene (identified as Cremnomys sp. and C. cf. cutchicus) and may have been derived from a Progonomys like form, which is the earliest undisputed Miocene murine (Patnaik, 1997, 2001; discussed as Karnimata, which Mein et al., 1993, synonymized with Progonomys). Lower molars from late Pleistocene cave deposits in the Sichuan-Guizhou region of S China were identified as ?Cremnomys sp. by Zheng (1993), whic... [truncated]	
13001307	Cremnomys cutchicus	Wroughton 1912	SPECIES			cutchicus		Cremnomys	Muridae	Rodentia	J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. vol.21 p.340		australis Thomas, 1916; caenosus Thomas, 1916; leechi Harrison, 1974; medius Thomas, 1916; siva Thomas, 1916; rajput Thomas, 1916.	An Indian peninsular endemic: Kutch, Kathiawar, S Rajputana, Gujarat, and Bihar in NW India; Mysore, Bellary, and Eastern Ghats in S Peninsula (Agrawal, 2000; Chakraborty and Agrawal, 2000; Corbet and Hill, 1992).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Ellerman (1961) suggested australis to be a valid species, but Agrawal (2000) did not find any significant patterns in geographic variation of morphological traits and treated all the named subspecies, including australis, as synonyms of C. cutchicus; Prakash et al. (1995a) synonymized rajput with medius. Chromosomal information and its significance reported by Raman and Sharna (1977), Sharma and Gadi (1977), Gadi and Sharma (1983), Rishi and Puri (1984), and Sobti and Gill (1984). Reviewed by Corbet and Hill (1992) and Agrawal (2000). Prakash et al. (1995a, b) documented distribution and ecology in Aravalli Ranges in Rajasthan, India, and Chakraborty and Agrawal (2000) recorded ecology, taxonomy, and distribution of samples from Gujarat State, NW India.	Cutch Cremnomys
13500293	Sylvilagus audubonii subsp. goldmani	Nelson 1904	SUBSPECIES		goldmani	audubonii	Sylvilagus	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13001309	Crossomys	Thomas 1907	GENUS					Crossomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.20 p.70	Crossomys moncktoni Thomas, 1907.				HydromysDivision. Member of New Guinea Old Endemics (Musser, 1981c). Based on phallic morphology, Lidicker (1968) speculated that C. moncktoni is not closely related to Hydromys, an affinity supported by microcompliment fixation of albumin that instead clusters Crossomys with Leptomys, Xeromys, and Pseudohydromys (which includes Mayermys and Neohydromys), an assemblage that albumin immunology indicated is part of a larger clade containing members of our Hydromys, Pseudomys, and Uromys Divisions, an "Austalasian clade" (Watts and Baverstock, 1994a, 1995b, 1996). Despite the alliance suggested by albumin immunology, we place Crossomys in the Hydromys Division along with Hydromys, Microhydromys, and Parahydromys. Overall morphology of Crossomys, including a shared primitive cephalic arterial pattern, resembles Hydromys and ... [truncated]	
13001310	Crossomys moncktoni	Thomas 1907	SPECIES			moncktoni		Crossomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.20 p.71			Papua New Guinea; known only from Papua New Guinea Central Cordillera and mountains on Huon Peninsula, 1000-2700 m (Flannery, 1990b:191, 1995a).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Flannery (1990b, 1995b) provided photographs and summaries of distributional and biological information for this amphibious rat. Chromosomal data reported by Donnellan (1987). Comparisons with Hydromys habbema, Neotropical ichthyomyines, and other small, semiaquatic carnivorous mammals made by Voss (1988). Leary and Seri (1997) reported specimens from Mt. Sisa in the Central Cordillera. Crossomys moncktoni is part of a cluster of Old Endemics apparently confined to E New Guinea (the others are Leptomys elegans, L. ernstmayeri, L. signatus, Pseudohydromys fuscus, P. murinus, Abeomelomys sevia, all species of Chiruromys, Hyomys goliath, Protochromys fellowsi, Melomys dollmani, Paramelomys gressitti, P. levipes, P. moncktoni, Pogonomelomys bruijni, and Pogonomys championi).	Earless New Guinea Water Rat
13001311	Crunomys	Thomas 1897	GENUS					Crunomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.14 6 p.393	Crunomys fallax Thomas, 1897.				CrunomysDivision. Revised by Musser (1982c) and reviewed by Rickart et al. (1998). An Old Endemic of the Philippines (Musser and Heaney, 1992) and Sulawesi (Musser, 1981c; Musser and Durden, 2002). Thomas (1898b) placed the type species in Hydromyinae, but after describing C. melanius was unsure whether Crunomys should be placed in Hydromyinae or Murinae (Thomas, 1907c); Ellerman (1941) and Misonne (1969) thought it to be murine. Using morphological data, Musser and Heaney (1992) postulated a close phylogenetic link between Crunomys and the Philippine Archboldomys, but phylogenetic analyses of complete mtDNA cytochrome b sequences for 13 of 16 genera of endemic Philippine murines indicated that Philippine Crunomys is not part of the clade containing Archboldomys or any other Philippine endemic but instead is more closely related to Sundaic genera (Jansa and Heaney, 2001), a phyletic pattern also support... [truncated]	
13001312	Crunomys celebensis	Musser 1982	SPECIES			celebensis		Crunomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.174 p.16			C Sulawesi; known only from tropical lowland evergreen rainforest formations in mountain valley of Danau Lindu and upper drainage of Sungai Miu in the Kulawi region.	IUCN  Endangered.	A small-bodied, dark-furred terrestrial insectivore recorded by only three specimens. Morphologically very distinct from Philippine species of Crunomys, and without close relatives on Sulawesi except for possibly Sommeromys, another Sulawesian endemic (Musser, 1982c; Musser and Durden, 2002). Spermatozoal morphology distinctive (Breed and Musser, 1991), but unrevealing in assessing phylogenetic relationships. Compared with Philippine species of Crunomys by Rickart et al. (1998); morphology reviewed and contrasted with Sommeromys by Musser and Durden (2002; see that account).	Sulawesi Shrew Mouse
13001313	Crunomys fallax	Thomas 1897	SPECIES			fallax		Crunomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.14 p.394			Greater Luzon Faunal Region. Known only from the type locality.	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Recorded only by the holotype. Morphologically more similar to the Philippine C. melanius and C. suncoides than to the Sulawesian C. celebensis (Musser, 1982c; Rickart et al., 1998). Two specimens reported as C. fallax by Danielsen et al. (1994) and Mallari and Jensen (1993) that were trapped in mossy forest in the Sierra Madre Range are actually Archboldomys musseri (Rickart et al., 1998:22).	Luzon Shrew Mouse
13001314	Crunomys melanius	Thomas 1907	SPECIES			melanius		Crunomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1907 p.141		rabori  Musser, 1982.	Greater Mindanao Faunal Region on islands of Mindanao and Leyte; also on Camiguin Isl; altitudinal range, near sea level to 1550 m (Rickart et al., 1998; Heaney et al., 1998).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	The taxon rabori was shown to be an old adult example of C. melanius (Rickart et al., 1998), as Musser (1982c) suspected.	Mindanao Shrew Mouse
13001315	Crunomys suncoides	Rickart, Heaney, Tabaranza, Jr., and Balete 1998	SPECIES			suncoides		Crunomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Fieldiana Zool., ns vol.89 p.8			Greater Mindanao Faunal Region. Known only from the type locality but may occur elsewhere on Mindanao in primary tropical upper montane rainforest (Rickart et al., 1998).		Recorded only by the holotype. On Mt Katanglad, the montane C. suncoides is separated by about 700 m from the upper altitudinal range limits of C. melanius, which also occurs elsewhere in lowlands near sea level (Rickart et al., 1998). Standard karyotype (2n = FN = 36) substantially different from any other Philippine Old Endemic (Rickart et al., 1998; Rickart and Heaney, 2002).	Katanglad Shrew Mouse
13500294	Sylvilagus audubonii subsp. minor	Mearns 1896	SUBSPECIES		minor	audubonii	Sylvilagus	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13001318	Dasymys	Peters 1875	GENUS					Dasymys	Muridae	Rodentia	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss., Berlin p.12	Dasymys gueinzii Peters, 1875 (= Mus incomtus Sundevall, 1847; see G. M. Allen, 1939).				<p>DasymysDivision. Closest phylogenetic allies unidentified. Many pelage, cranial, and dental traits of Dasymys suggest alliance with Aethomys, but Misonne (1969) considered Dasymys to be the most phylogenetically isolated of endemic African murines. In their analysis based on microcomplement fixation of albumin, Watts and Baverstock (1995a) placed Dasymys as the sister group to their African, Australasian, and Southeast Asian clades. Despite the seemingly isolated position of Dasymys, and its apparent slow rate of albumin evolution, Watts and Baverstock were reluctant to highlight the genus as a separate clade and provisionally included it within their African group. Analyses of combined mtDNA (cytochrome b) and 12S and 16S rRNA gene fragments by Ducroz et al. (2001) placed Dasymys near Hybomys in a clade basal to an arvicanthine clade (containing Lemniscomys, Desmomys, Rhabdomys, Pelomys</i... [truncated]	
13001319	Dasymys alleni	Lawrence and Loveridge 1953	SPECIES			alleni		Dasymys	Muridae	Rodentia	Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., Harvard vol.110 p.53		Member of the D. incomtus  species complex (W. Verheyen et al., 2003). Originally described as a very distinctive subspecies of D. incomtus (Lawrence and Loveridge, 1953) and usually treated that way (e.g., Musser and Carleton, 1993), but recently reinstated as a separate species based on multivariate analyses of craniometric data in combination with mtDNA cytochrome b sequences (W. Verheyen et al., 2003).	Apparently endemic to southern part of the Eastern Arc Mtns (Mt. Rungwe) and the mountainous western rim of the Rift Valley in Dem. Rep. Congo from the Kivu Volcanos in the north to the Kalemi (Albertville) region in the south (W. Verheyen et al., 2003), and probably farther south in the Marungu Mtns.			Glover Allens Dasymys
13001320	Dasymys cabrali	W. Verheyen, Hulselmans, Dierckx, Colyn, Leirs, and E. Verheyen 2003	SPECIES			cabrali		Dasymys	Muridae	Rodentia	Bull. Inst. Roy. Sci. Nat. Belgique, Biol. vol.73 p.39		Samples from the range of D. cabrali  were originally regarded as examples of D. nudipes (e.g., Musser and Carleton, 1993), but those from the Omatoka Junction and Caprivi Strip in N Namibia were recently shown to be craniometrically very distinct from central Angolan D. nudipes (W. Verheyen et al., 2003). Crawford-Cabral (1998:64) had noted that possibly ". . . the specimens from Okavango and adjacent countries of Zambia and Angola represent a different subspecies," and W. Verheyen et al. (2003) interpreted the multivariate distance in their discriminant function analyses to reflect two separate species, D. nudipes from the central highlands of Angola, and D. cabrali from the Okavango Basin.	Apparently endemic to the Okavango Basin (W. Verheyen et al., 2003). The only specimens explicitly assigned to D. cabrali come from the type locality and Caprivi Strip of NW Namibia, but records from SE Angola (Crawford-Cabral, 1998), SW Zambia (Ansell, 1978), and N Botswana (Smithers, 1971) possibly represent this species.			Crawford-Cabrals Dasymys
13001321	Dasymys foxi	Thomas 1912	SPECIES			foxi		Dasymys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.9 p.685			Endemic to the Jos Plateau in Nigeria.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Member of the D. incomtus species complex (W. Verheyen et al., 2003). Originally described as a species, but subsequently treated as a subspecies of D. incomtus (Ellerman, 1941; Happold, 1987; Misonne, 1974; Rosevear, 1969) until the review by Carleton and Martinez (1991), who contrasted foxis distinctive morphological and distributional traits (larger body size is one of these) with the smaller-bodied D. rufulus (see account), the other and more common species in West Africa. Multivariate analyses of craniometric data by W. Verheyen et al. (2003:48) clustered a sample from Pulima, NW Ghana, with that from Panyam on the Jos Plateau, and W. Verheyen et al. speculated that the species of Dasymys living ". . . in the Guinean and Sudanese savannahs [of West Africa] should probably all be referred to the foxi taxon. . . ." This conclusion conflicts with results of the multivariate analyses of cranial and dentail measurements reported by Carl... [truncated]	Foxs Dasymys
13001322	Dasymys incomtus	Sundevall 1846 "1847"	SPECIES			incomtus		Dasymys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ofv. K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Forhandl, Stockholm vol.1846 3 p.120		bentleyae  (Thomas, 1892); capensis Roberts, 1936; edsoni Hatt, 1934; fuscus De Winton, 1897; griseifrons Osgood, 1936; gueinzii Peters, 1875; helukus Heller, 1910; longipilosus Eisentraut, 1963; medius Thomas, 1906; nigridius Hollister, 1916; orthos Heller, 1911; palustris Setzer, 1956; savannus Heller, 1911; shawi Kershaw, 1924.	South Africa (de Graaff, 1997g; Skinner and Smithers, 1990; Taylor, 1998), Malawi (Ansell and Dowsett, 1988), Zambia (Ansell, 1978), Zimbabwe (Smithers and Wilson, 1979), C and S Mozambique (Smithers and Lobao Tello, 1976), Angola (Crawford-Cabral, 1998), Dem. Rep. Congo, Uganda (Delaney, 1975), Kenya (Hollister, 1919), Tanzania (Swynnerton and Hayman, 1951), Ethiopia, S Sudan (Setzer, 1956); limits unknown. Also recorded from N Botswana (Smithers, 1971), but unclear whether these records represent D. incomtus, D. cabrali, or both species.	IUCN  Data Deficient.	<p>Despite recent attempts at systematic revision (e. g., W. Verheyen et al., 2003), morphological and geographic definition of D. incomtus remains intractable and probably a complex of several species. W. Verheyen et al. (2003), for example, considered bentleyae to be one of the synonyms of D. incomtus in one part of their report (p. 36) but elsewhere treated it as a separate species with an expansive range ". . . consisting mainly of the fringes of the lowland rain forest between the Atlantic coast and the western rift . . .," and ". . . in the fringes of the western forest block and in the region adjacent to the highlands of the western flank of Lake Malawi" (p. 48). Dasymys incomtus, according to W. Verheyen et al. (2003:48), has the widest range, covering ". . . the moist woodlands of western, northcentral and northeastern Africa, . . . the moist woodlands of the north western and eastern part of southern Africa and . . . approximately the western half ... [truncated]	Common Dasymys
13500316	Sylvilagus brasiliensis subsp. meridensis	Thomas 1904	SUBSPECIES		meridensis	brasiliensis	Tapeti	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha						Part of a group of subspecies found south of Isthmus of Panama	
13001482	Maxomys inas	Bonhote 1906	SPECIES			inas		Maxomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1906 p.9			Endemic of Malay Peninsula (and possibly peninsular Thailand south of Isthmus of Kra) in montane forests, rarely occurring below 3000 ft (914 m; Medway, 1969).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Once treated as a subspecies of Bornean M. alticola (Chasen, 1940), but identified as a separate species by Medway (1964). A close phylogenetic ally to M. whiteheadi, as indicated by morphological, biochemical, chromosomal, and spermatozoal traits (Breed and Yong, 1986; Chan et al., 1978, 1979; Yong, 1969). Maxomys inas joins Niviventer cameroni and Pithecheir parvus as the three living endemic murines on the Malay Peninsula south of the Isthmus of Kra (Musser, 1986; see account of Niviventer cameroni).	Malayan Mountain Maxomys
13001323	Dasymys montanus	Thomas 1906	SPECIES			montanus		Dasymys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.18 p.143			Known only from Ruwenzori Mtns, Uganda, between 2600 and 3810 m (Kerbis Peterhans et al., 1998); a montane Western Rift endemic.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Usually included in D. incomtus (Delany, 1975), but distinguished from that species by its long, fine fur that is very dark over upperparts and dark gray washed with buff on underparts; very short tail; short rostrum; low, squat cranium; wide zygomatic breadth (Thomas, 1906a; specimens in BMNH examined by Musser). Dasymys montanus is replaced by D. incomtus at lower altitudes on the E slopes of the Ruwenzoris, and both are recorded from 2600 m, the lowest point for D. montanus and highest for D. incomtus (Kerbis Peterhans et al., 1998). Based on multivariate analyses of craniometric traits derived from holotypes, W. Verheyen et al. (2003) suggested that montanus and medius (holotype from Ruwenzori Mtns at 1800 m) represented the same population and that both taxa were synonyms of D. incomtus. Our study of holotypes and other series, including the material reported by Kerbis Peterhans et al. (1998), indicates D. mo... [truncated]	Ruwenzori Dasymys
13001324	Dasymys nudipes	Peters 1870	SPECIES			nudipes		Dasymys	Muridae	Rodentia	Jorn. Sci. Math., Phys. Nat., Lisboa, ser. 1 vol.3 p.126			Apparently endemic to the Angolan Plateau (Huambo highlands) in WC Angola (the range in WC Angola, not that indicated in SE Angola, mapped by Crawford-Cabral, 1998:154); see W. Verheyen et al. (2003).	IUCN  Data Deficient.	Treated by G. M. Allen (1939), Hill and Carter (1941), and Roberts (1951) as a species, but included in D. incomtus by Ellerman (1941) and most later writers of lists (for example, Ansell, 1978; Meester et al., 1986; Misonne, 1974). Crawford-Cabral (1983) recorded sympatry between D. nudipes and D. incomtus in Angola, and our survey of series from Chitau identified as D. nudipes by Hill and Carter (1941:98) revealed that it consists of both D. nudipes and D. incomtus, qualitative observations supported by multivariate analyses of morphometric traits (Crawford-Cabral and Pacheco, 1989; W. Verheyen et al., 2003). Specimens from Lukolela (Équateur) and Luluabourg (Kasaï-Occidental), in Dem. Rep. Congo, have been included in D. nudipes (Crawford-Cabral, 1983), but these are examples of D. incomtus (in AMNH). We examined the holotype and only specimen of edsoni, described as a subspecies... [truncated]	Angolan Dasymys
13001325	Dasymys rufulus	Miller 1900	SPECIES			rufulus		Dasymys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. vol.2 p.639			Senegal (Duplantier and Granjon, 1992; Granjon et al., 1992, as incomtus), Guinea (Ziegler et al., 2002), Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, and W Nigeria (see Carleton and Martinez, 1991:429).	IUCN  Data Deficient.	Originally described as a species, but subsequently treated as a subspecies of D. incomtus (Ellerman, 1941; Happold, 1987; Misonne, 1974; Rosevear, 1969) until Carleton and Martinez (1991) used multivariate analyses to discriminate the smaller-bodied D. rufulus from the larger-bodied Nigerian D. foxi (see that account). Multivariate analyses of craniometric data by W. Verheyen et al. (2003) along with mtDNA cytochrome b sequences also identified rufulus as a separate species and prompted W. Verheyen et al. (2003:48) to speculate that its geographic range is ". . . more or less limited to the enclosed savannahs near the coast," and that the populations found in the "the fringes of the rainforest and the adjacent guinean savannahs may be a new taxon related to the bentleyae group. These conclusions conflict with those of Carleton and Martinez (1991) who identified only D. rufulus in West Africa (except on the Jos Plateau where D.... [truncated]	West African Dasymys
13001326	Dasymys rwandae	W. Verheyen, Hulselmans, Dierckx, Colyn, Leirs, and E. Verheyen 2003	SPECIES			rwandae		Dasymys	Muridae	Rodentia	Bull. Inst. Roy. Sci. Nat. Belgique, Biol. vol.73 p.45			Probably endemic to the Virunga Volcanoes forming eastern rim of the Rift Valley in Rwanda (W. Verheyen et al., 2003).		Member of the D. incomtus species complex, and diagnosed by multivariate analyses of craniodental measurements and complete mtDNA cytochrome b sequences relative to examples of D. alleni and D. bentleyae (W.Verheyen et al., 2003). Specimens from mountains to the south in W Burundi are not D. rwandae but D. bentleyae judged from craniometric data.	Rwandan Dasymys
13001327	Dasymys sua	W. Verheyen, Hulselmans, Dierckx, Colyn, Leirs, and E. Verheyen 2003	SPECIES			sua		Dasymys	Muridae	Rodentia	Bull. Inst. Roy. Sci. Nat. Belgique, Biol. vol.73 p.41			Known only from upland plains in the Morogoro region of EC Tanzania, 400-1600 m (W. Verheyen et al., 2003).		Member of the D. incomtus species complex. Defined by discriminant function analyses using craniometric traits as well as complete mtDNA cytochrome b sequences in comparison with samples of D. rufulus and the bentleyae portion of the D. incomtus species complex (W. Verheyen et al., 2003).	Tanzanian Dasymys
13001328	Dephomys	Thomas 1926	GENUS					Dephomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.17 p.177	Mus defua Miller, 1900.				HybomysDivision. Another genus founded by Thomas and either relegated to Rattus as a subgenus or combined with Stochomys, which was then treated as a subgenus of either Rattus or Aethomys (D. H. S. Davis, 1965; Rosevear, 1969; Van der Straeten, 1984). The generic integrity of Dephomys was recognized by Misonne (1969) and Rosevear (1969), who also suggested it was not especially closely related to Stochomys, the conventional view at the time. Some molar traits and multivariate analysis of morphological variation suggest a close relationship to Hybomys, and particularly to subgenus Hybomys rather than subgenus Typomys (Misonne, 1969; Van der Straeten, 1984); other qualitative characters, however, support a distant affinity. Careful analyses of a suite of morphological features coupled with DNA sequences employing samples of Dephomys and other African forest murine genera is required to uncover the phylogenetic a... [truncated]	
13802418	Myotis formosus subsp. rufoniger	Tomes 1858	SUBSPECIES		rufoniger	formosus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13001331	Desmomys	Thomas 1910	GENUS					Desmomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.5 p.284	Pelomys harringtoni Thomas, 1902.				ArvicanthisDivision. Listed as a genus by G. M. Allen (1939), but usually treated as a subgenus of Pelomys (Corbet and Hill, 1991; Ellerman, 1941; Rupp, 1980; Yalden et al., 1976). Most of the diagnostic traits described by Thomas (1910b) are outside the range of morphological variation seen among species of Pelomys. Our study of specimens revealed that general external traits and cranial conformation of D. harringtoni resemble species of Mylomys and Pelomys, but that Desmomys has its own derived dental patterns (ridge-like cusp t9 connecting central cusp t8 with labial cusp t6 on M1 and M2, ridge-like cusp t7 on M2). Chromosomal data also support the extraction of D. harringtoni from Pelomys (Capanna et al., 1996a). Analyses of mtDNA sequences of cytochrome b, along with 12S and 16S ribosomal rRNA gene fragments support membership of Desmomys in an Arvicanthis Group and indicate it to be ... [truncated]	
13001332	Desmomys harringtoni	Thomas 1902	SPECIES			harringtoni		Desmomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1902 p.313			Ethiopian plateau between 1500 and 3300 m, east and west of Rift Valley (Lavrenchenko, 2003; Rupp, 1980; Yalden and Largen, 1992; Yalden et al., 1976, 1996).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Another Ethiopian endemic that is apparently semi-arboreal (Yalden et al., 1976). Chromosomal data (2n = 52, FN = 78) reported by Capanna et al. (1996a), Lavrenchenko et al. (1989), and Orlov and Bulatova (1997). Protein variation in geographic samples documented by Milishnikov et al. (1992), and spermatozoal morphology described by Baskevich and Lavrenchenko (1995). Reviewed as an Ethiopian endemic by Yalden and Largen (1992, as a Pelomys). Distribution is allopatric to D. yaldeni (Lavrenchenko, 2003).	Harringtons Desmomys
13001333	Desmomys yaldeni	Lavrenchenko 2003	SPECIES			yaldeni		Desmomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Bonn. zool. Beitr. vol.50 p.320			Recorded from humid afromontane forest in SW Ethiopia (Sheko Forest and Gore), 1800-1930 m (Lavrenchenko, 2003).		Differs from allopatric D. harringtoni by smaller size, pelage coloration, and details of the karyotype, 2n = 52, FN = 62 (Lavrenchenko, 2003).	Yaldens Desmomys
13001334	Diomys	Thomas 1917	GENUS					Diomys	Muridae	Rodentia	J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. vol.25 p.203	Diomys crumpi Thomas, 1917.				MillardiaDivision. Misonne (1969) suggested that Diomys is related to Chiromyscus, Dacnomys, and Niviventer (Misonne used the name Maxomys for this group), but Musser and Newcomb (1983) hypothesized that Millardia, Cremnomys, and other Indian genera may be more closely allied to Diomys, a view held by Ellerman (1947a) who wrote that it is "a pro-odont offshoot of Millardia which resembles it in having very long palatal foramina and a long palate, also in the shortened fifth hind-toe."	
13001335	Diomys crumpi	Thomas 1917	SPECIES			crumpi		Diomys	Muridae	Rodentia	J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. vol.25 p.203			Recorded from NE India (Bihar and Manipur; Agrawal, 2000), SW Nepal, and N Burma (see Musser and Newcomb, 1983); limits unknown.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Reviewed by Ingles et al. (1980), Corbet and Hill (1992), and Musser and Newcomb (1983). Indian population reviewed by Agrawal (2000). The species has never been collected again from the type locality, a place where D. crumpi may not occur because the original description was based upon a broken skull mismatched with a skin of Millardia meltada from Paresnath Hills, Behar (Agrawal, 2000; Corbet and Hill, 1992).	Crumps Diomys
13001336	Diplothrix	Thomas 1916	GENUS					Diplothrix	Muridae	Rodentia	J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. vol.24 p.404	Lenothrix legata Thomas, 1906.				RattusDivision. Member of a clade containing genera more closely related to Rattus than to other murines. Endemic, along with Tokudaia, to the Ryukyu Isls between the Tokara and Kerama Straits. Suzuki et al. (2000:23) noted that "the genetic constitution of the rodents in the Okinawa area is distinct from that of the rodents in the surrounding areas, including the Japanese mainland and Taiwan. . . . in the region of the Central Ryukyus, mammals with a unique and ancient origin have inhabited a small geographic region."	
13001337	Diplothrix legata	Thomas 1906	SPECIES			legata		Diplothrix	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.17 p.88		okinavensis (Namie, 1909) [see Kaneko and Maeda, 2002].	Japan, Ryukyu Isls of Amami-oshima, Tokun-oshima, and Okinawa (known by modern specimens only in north, but by Quaternary fossils from farther south on island, and from Miyako Isl, about 250 km SW of Okinawa; see Kawamura, 1989, 1991, 1994).	IUCN  Endangered.	Historical allocation of legata with either Lenothrix or Rattus is reviewed by Kawamura (1989). Phylogenetic relationshipdiscerned from molar occlusal patterns, cranial morphology, and body formis close to Rattus and far from Lenothrix; "phylogeny of this unique genus will be sufficiently understood, when the fossil murids from China, India and Southeast Asia will be investigated in detail" (Kawamura, 1989:110). Analyses of mtDNA cytochrome b and nuclear IRBP gene sequences support morphological data in clustering D. legata with the species of Rattus used (R. norvegicus, R. argentiventer, and R. rattus) and not with the other murines sampled (species of Apodemus, Micromys, Mus, and Tokudaia), and support the hypothesis that D. legata is a survivor from Pliocene and early Pleistocene immigrant ancestral population to the Ryukyus (Suzuki et al., 2000). Chromosomal d... [truncated]	Ryukyu Islands Tree Rat
13001454	Mallomys rothschildi	Thomas 1898	SPECIES			rothschildi		Mallomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Novit. Zool. vol.5 p.2		argentata Rothschild and Dollman, 1932; weylandi Rothschild and Dollman, 1932.	New Guinea; Central Cordillera, from Weyland Range in W Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya) to Owen Stanley Range in Papua New Guinea; 1550-3700 m (Flannery, 1995a:290; Flannery et al., 1989:93).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Mallomys rothschildi and M. aroaensis are thought to be sympatric at a few localities (Flannery, 1995a; Flannery et al., 1989), but the morphological variation present among samples requires re-examination to test whether it reflects presence of one or two species.	Rothschilds Mallomys
13001338	Echiothrix	Gray 1867	GENUS					Echiothrix	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1867 p.599	Echiothrix leucura Gray, 1867.	Craurothrix Thomas, 1896.			<p>EchiothrixDivision. Thomas (1898b:397) explained why Echiothrix is the proper name and not Craurothrix, which he earlier proposed thinking Echiothrix was preoccupied. Based upon shared cranial features, Thomas (1898b) thought Echiothrix to be related to the Philippine Rhynchomys and placed them in the Rhynchomyinae. Later workers disagreed (see summaries in Musser, 1969b, 1990), and, except to recognize that Echiothrix is an Old Endemic of Sulawesi (Musser, 1981c), no one has discovered the closest phylogenetic ally of this highly specialized, terrestrial vermivore. Spermatozoal morphology resembles that of Margaretamys, Maxomys, and in some aspects even Rattus, but is ambiguous in illuminating phylogenetic alliances (Breed and Musser, 1991), as is the meager chromosomal data for the genus (Musser, 1990). External, cranial, and dental morphology reviewed by Musser (1969b, 1990).<... [truncated]	
13001339	Echiothrix centrosa	Miller and Hollister 1921	SPECIES			centrosa		Echiothrix	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.34 p.67		brevicula  Miller and Hollister, 1921.	Sulawesi: NC portion of N peninsula and central core of islands, sea level to 975 m in lowland tropical evergreen rainforest; southern limits unknown.		A distinct species distinguished from E. leucura by its shorter cranium and mandible, and shorter molar rows with simpler occlusal patterns. The pelage coloration and size features used by Miller and Hollister (1921a) to distinguish brevicula, which is also based upon a sample from C Sulawesi, are not diagnostic. The derived karyotype of male documented by Musser (1990, as leucurus): 2n = 40, FN = 75, consisting of two telocentric pairs, three metacentric pairs, and the rest submetacentric. Stomach morphology described and contrasted with the Sulawesian shrew rats Melasmothrix and Tateomys, and the insectivorous Sommeromys (Musser and Durden, 2002).	Central Sulawesi Echiothrix
13001340	Echiothrix leucura	Gray 1867	SPECIES			leucura		Echiothrix	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1867 p.600			Sulawesi: NE tip of the N peninsula, sea level to 1100 m in lowland tropical evergreen rainforest (Musser, 1990; Musser, ms).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	A significantly larger relative of E. centrosa, with somewhat more elaborate molar occlusal patterns. Gray (1867a) thought the holotype came from Australia, but Jentink (1883) speculated the species would prove to be found only on Sulawesi. Laurie and Hill (1954) listed the type locality as probably N Sulawesi, but Tate (1936) had already restricted it to the NE tip of the N peninsula by designating Manado.	Northern Sulawesi Echiothrix
13001341	Eropeplus	Miller and Hollister 1921	GENUS					Eropeplus	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.34 p.94	Eropeplus canus Miller and Hollister, 1921.				PithecheirDivision. Ellerman (1941) allied Eropeplus closely with Rattus, but its nearest phylogenetic relative is Sulawesian Lenomys, an affinity supported by external, cranial, and spermatozoal characters (Breed and Musser, 1991; Musser, 1981c; Tate, 1936). Spermatozoal morphology of Eropeplus and Lenomys is unique among Sulawesian taxa sampled (Breed and Musser, 1991). See Lenomys account.	
13001342	Eropeplus canus	Miller and Hollister 1921	SPECIES			canus		Eropeplus	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.34 p.94			C Sulawesi; known only by small samples from a few places in montane tropical rainforest formations (Musser, 1970d; Musser and Holden, 1991), 1800-2300 m; probably occurs throughout central core of the island in montane forest habitats.	IUCN  Endangered.	Monotypic. Nearly indistinguishable from Lenomys meyeri in fur coloration and texture, tail color pattern, length of fur covering over base of tail, cranial conformation, and spermatozoal configuration, but differs sharply in molar occlusal patterns (Musser, 1981c).	Sulawesi Soft-furred Rat
13001343	Golunda	Gray 1837	GENUS					Golunda	Muridae	Rodentia	Mag. Nat. Hist. [Charlesworth's] vol.1 p.586	Golunda ellioti Gray, 1837.				GolundaDivision. Reviewed and compared with Hadromys and Mylomys by Musser (1987b), who noted that its dental similarity with the latter, and Pelomys, was probably convergent. Analyses of mtDNA gene sequences (cytochrome b, 12S and 16S rRNA fragments) are ambiguous in ascertaining the phylogenetic affinity of Golunda except to clearly refute the hypothesis presented by some (e. g., Jacobs, 1978; Misonne, 1969) that it and Mylomys are closely related and derived from a Pelomys like ancestor (Ducroz et al., 2001). As Ducroz et al. (2001:198) noted, "Further studies including a larger sample of African murine taxa will be necessary to evaluate the precise place of this genus." Recent analysis of nuclear IRBP gene sequences divorces Golunda from alliances with any of the sampled African genera, especially arvicanthines (Lecompte, 2003). We isolate Golunda in its own division until its relationship to other murines... [truncated]	
13001344	Golunda ellioti	Gray 1837	SPECIES			ellioti		Golunda	Muridae	Rodentia	Mag. Nat. Hist. [Charlesworth's] vol.1 p.586		bombax  Thomas, 1923; coenosa Thomas, 1923; coffaeus Kelaart, 1850; coraginis Thomas, 1923; gujerati Thomas, 1923; hirsutus (Elliot, 1839); limitaris Thomas, 1923; myothrix (Hodgson, 1845); newara (Kelaart, 1850); paupera Thomas, 1923; watsoni (Blanford, 1876).	SE Iran (Misonne, 1990), Pakistan (Roberts, 1977, 1997), Nepal (Ellerman, 1961), N and NE India south through Indian peninsula to Sri Lanka (Agrawal, 2000).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Agrawal (2000) reviewed the Indian population and could find no significant geographic variation in fur coloration or other morphological features. Ecology and distribution in the Aravalli Ranges in Rajasthan, India, documented by Prakash et al. (1995a, b), in Western Ghats of S India by Chandrasekar-Rao and Sunquist (1996), and in Gujarat State of NW India by Chakraborty and Agrawal (2000).	Indian Bush Rat
13500317	Sylvilagus brasiliensis subsp. minensis	Thomas 1901	SUBSPECIES		minensis	brasiliensis	Tapeti	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha						Part of a group of subspecies found south of Isthmus of Panama	
13001345	Grammomys	Thomas 1915	GENUS					Grammomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.16 p.150	Mus dolichurus Smuts, 1832.				<p>OenomysDivision. A distinctive genus as asserted by Ellerman (1941) and other workers (e.g., Hutterer and Dieterlen, 1984; Misonne, 1969; Rosevear, 1969), and not part of Thamnomys with which it has often been united as a subgenus (G. M. Allen, 1939; Hatt, 1940b; Hollister, 1919; Misonne, 1974; F. Petter and Tranier, 1975). Morphological and chromosomal similarities exist with Thallomys (Olert et al., 1978). Analysis of microcomplement fixation of albumin associated Grammomys with Lemniscomys, Pelomys, Rhabdomys, and Thallomys (Watts and Baverstock, 1995a). Research using mitochondrial gene sequences (DNA cytochrome b, 12S and 16S rRNA fragments) placed Grammomys next to Aethomys within an African murine clade consisting of Hybomys, Dasymys, Lemniscomys, Rhabdomys, Desmomys, Pelomys, Mylomys, and Arvicanthis (Ducroz et al., 2001). ... [truncated]	
13001346	Grammomys aridulus	Thomas and Hinton 1923	SPECIES			aridulus		Grammomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1923 p.268			WC Sudan (Dieterlen and Nikolaus, 1985).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Usually either listed as a subspecies of G. macmillani (G. M. Allen, 1939; Ellerman, 1941; Setzer, 1956) or included in G. dolichurus (Misonne, 1974), but considered a distinct species by Hutterer and Dieterlen (1984).	Arid Woodland Grammomys
13001347	Grammomys buntingi	Thomas 1911	SPECIES			buntingi		Grammomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.7 p.381			Zone of high forest, coastal scrub or Guinea woodland in West Africa from Senegal (Duplantier and Granjon, 1992), Sierra Leone (Grubb et al., 1998), and Guinea to Côte dIvoire and Liberia; see Rosevear (1969).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Except for Misonne (1974), who included it in G. dolichurus, buntingi has always been listed or discussed as a species of Grammomys (G. M. Allen, 1939; Ellerman, 1941; Hutterer and Dieterlen, 1984; F. Petter and Trainer, 1975; Rosevear, 1969). Apparently G. buntingi is a member of a suite of species endemic to West Africa that includes Dephomys defua, D. eburneae, Hybomys planifrons, H. trivirgatus, Hylomyscus baeri, Lemniscomys bellieri, Malacomys cansdalei, M. edwardsi, Oenomys ornatus, Praomys daltoni, P. derooi, and P. rostratus (Carleton and Robbins, 1985; Hutterer and Dieterlen, 1984).	Buntings Grammomys
13001348	Grammomys caniceps	Hutterer and Dieterlen 1984	SPECIES			caniceps		Grammomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Stuttg. Beitr. Naturk., A vol.374 p.12			N Kenya and S Somalia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Karyotype of Kenyan sample and its significance documented by Hutterer and Dieterlen (1984), and chromosomal variation among individuals from S Somalia described and discussed by Roche et al. (1984). The latter authors assigned their sample to the G. dolichurus group and, independent of Hutterer and Dieterlen (1984), noted the distinctive quality of the Somalian species as indicated by chromosomal evidence.	Gray-headed Grammomys
13001349	Grammomys cometes	Thomas and Wroughton 1908	SPECIES			cometes		Grammomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1908 p.549		silindensis  Roberts, 1938.	From Pirie Forest (NW of King William's Town) in SE Eastern Cape Province of South Africa north through KwaZulu-Natal and Limpopo provinces of that country into E Zimbabwe (Melsetter and Umtali districts) and Mozambique south of the Zambezi River (de Graaff, 1981, 1997h; Meester et al., 1986; Skinner and Smithers, 1990; Smither and Tello, 1976); an inhabitant of the savanna woodland biome in southern Africa (Mugo et al., 1995).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	The geographic range of G. cometes has been outlined as extending north from South Africa through East Africa to S Sudan (Hutterer and Dieterlen, 1984), but pending revisionary study of the genus we restrict it to the E segment of the Southern African Subregion south of the Zambezi River (similar to the range mapped by Skinner and Smithers, 1990:225), and consider samples north of that river to be G. ibeanus (see that account). We studied the holotype of cometes and the other specimens in the type series noted by Thomas and Wroughton (1908); these animals are on average larger and have more highly inflated bullae than do those from north of the Zambesi River. Ansell (1978) and Ansell and Dowsett (1988) assigned samples from Zambia and Malawi to cometes, but were also impressed with the chromatic and morphological contrast between them and the holotype from Inhambane. The specimen from the Pirie Forest (in AMNH) represents a range extension south of KwaZulu-N... [truncated]	Mozambique Grammomys
13001350	Grammomys dolichurus	Smuts 1832	SPECIES			dolichurus		Grammomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Enumer. Mamm. Capensium p.38		angolensis Hill and Carter, 1937; arborarius (True, 1892) [not of Peters, 1852]; baliolus (Osgood, 1910); discolor (Thomas, 1910); elgonis (Thomas, 1910); insignis (Dollman, 1911); littoralis (Heller, 1912); polionops (Osgood, 1910); surdaster (Thomas and Wroughton, 1908); tongensis Roberts, 1931.	From Nigeria east to S Ethiopia; then south through N Dem. Rep. Congo, Uganda (Delany, 1975; Clausnitzer and Kityo, 2001, discussed distribution and habitat on Ugandan slopes of Mt Elgon), Kenya (Hollister, 1919), Tanzania (Swynnerton and Hayman, 1951; Grimshaw et al., 1995, distribution on Mt Kilimanjaro; Stanley et al., 2002, presence in Gonja Forest Reserve), and C and S Malawi (Ansell and Dowsett, 1988) to N and E South Africa (from Limpopo Province along coast through KwaZulu-Natal and Eastern Cape provinces to Port Elizabeth; de Graaff, 1981, 1997i; Taylor, 1998), E Zimbabwe, and Mozambique (Smithers and Lobao Tello, 1976); and west through Zambia (except in northeast on Nyika Plateau; Ansell, 1978) to Angola (Crawford-Cabral, 1998); limits of geographic range unresolved.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Number of scientific names reflects morphological and chromosomal variation correlated with geography and suggests more than one species is represented (Hutterer and Dieterlen, 1984; Meester et al., 1986); the complex requires careful revision. For example, specimens of true dolichurus from South Africa have duller pelage and more inflated bullae than animals from East and West Africa; should these prove to be diagnostic specific differences, the northern populations should be identified as G. surdaster. The Ethiopian records are based upon a specimen from Kefa (in USNM) and one documented by Duckworth et al. (1993), but not those recorded by Yalden et al. (1976), which represent other species (Hutterer and Dieterlen, 1984).	Common Grammomys
13001461	Margaretamys beccarii	Jentink 1880	SPECIES			beccarii		Margaretamys	Muridae	Rodentia	Notes Leyden Mus. vol.2 p.11		leucopus (Jentink, 1879) [not Gray, 1867]; thysanurus (Sody, 1932).	NE peninsula and C Sulawesi in lowland tropical evergreen rain forest, near sea level to1000 m.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	History of incorrect taxonomic allocations of beccarii recorded by Musser (1971e, 1981b). Insufficient samples exist to determine any morphometric or qualitative differences between populations in central core of the island and the NE peninsula. The only one of the three Margaretamys with spinous pelage.	Spiny Lowland Margaretamys
13001351	Grammomys dryas	Thomas 1907	SPECIES			dryas		Grammomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.19 p.123			A montane Western Rift endemic: Ruwenzoris and Kivu region in Uganda and Dem. Rep. Congo (AMNH and BMNH specimens), NW Burundi (specimens in FMNH).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Originally described as a species of Thamnomys by Thomas (1907a) and listed that way by G. M. Allen (1939). Ellerman (1941), however, treated it as valid species of Grammomys, which, in the absence of a critical systematic revision of the genus, best expresses current knowledge. Thomas (1907a) noted the diagnostic mammary count in G. dryas, which, in combination with cranial traits, set it apart from other described forms (our study of specimens). See Kerbis Peterhans et al. (1998) for review of altitudinal distribution of G. dryas in context of the entire Ruwenzori small mammal fauna.	Albertine Rift Grammomys
13001352	Grammomys gigas	Dollman 1911	SPECIES			gigas		Grammomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.7 p.527			Known only from the vicinity of Mt Kenya.	IUCN  Endangered.	Recorded only by the holotype. Recognized as a species in most lists (G. M. Allen, 1939; Ellerman, 1941). Hutterer and Dieterlen (1984) insisted the species has to be recognized because of its large teeth, an opinion we share derived from our study of the holotype; but the possibility that it is simply a large individual of G. ibeanus is a hypothesis worth testing.	Mount Kenya Grammomys
13001353	Grammomys ibeanus	Osgood 1910	SPECIES			ibeanus		Grammomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser. vol.10 p.8			From extreme NE Zambia (Nyika Plateau; Ansell, 1978) and Malawi (Ansell and Dowsett, 1988) north through highlands of E Tanzania (Stanley et al., 1998; and specimens in MCZ) and Kenya to S Sudan (Hollister, 1919; Hutterer and Dieterlen, 1984).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Morphological and geographic definition of G. ibeanus is unsatisfactory, particularly the extent of its distribution in Tanzania. Hutterer and Dieterlen (1984) treated ibeanus as a form of G. cometes, but the striking morphological distinctions between samples of ibeanus and the type series of cometes prompted our specific ranking of ibeanus (see also account of G. cometes).	East African Grammomys
13001354	Grammomys kuru	Thomas and Wroughton 1907	SPECIES			kuru		Grammomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.19 p.381		centralis  (Dollman, 1914).	Probably most of the E Congo Basin in S Central African Republic, Dem. Rep. Congo, forest patches in W Uganda (Delany, 1975, as rutilans), and possibly Republic of Congo; limits unresolved.		Phylogenetically closely related to G. poensis but differs in its smaller skull and shorter molar rows. The karyotype 2n = 50 described by Matthey (1963) for a specimen captured in Republic of Congo probably refers to G. kuru and contrasts with the 2n = 36 reported from the Côte dIvoire (see account of G. poensis). The taxon kuru has been treated as a synonym of G. rutilans (D. H. S. Davis, 1965; Musser and Carleton, 1993) or sometimes listed as a species (e.g., Ellerman, 1941), but with provisions (Hatt, 1940b; Hutterer and Dieterlen, 1984; Thomas, 1915); our study of the holotype revealed it is a very young adult. Measurements of the molar rows are like those in samples from E Dem. Rep. Congo and unlike samples of the larger G. poensis (see discussion in Hatt, 1940b).	Eastern Rainforest Grammomys
13001355	Grammomys macmillani	Wroughton 1907	SPECIES			macmillani		Grammomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.20 p.504		callithrix  (Hatt, 1934); erythropygus Setzer, 1956; gazellae (Thomas, 1910); oblitus (Osgood, 1910); ochraceus (G. M. Allen, 1912); usambarae (Matschie, 1915); vumbaensis Roberts, 1938; vumbensis G. M. Allen, 1939.	Sierra Leone, Liberia, Central African Republic, S Sudan, S Ethiopia, N Dem. Rep. Congo, Kenya, Uganda (including Bugala Isl in Lake Victoria), Tanzania, Malawi, Mozambique, and E Zimbabwe; limits unresolved.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Hutterer and Dieterlen (1984) provided historical association of the name with other taxa, and summary of range as they knew it. Chromosomal variation (under name of gazellae) described by Civitelli et al. (1989). Spermatozoal morphology documented by Breed (1995a, as gazellae). The records from Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Malawi, and Mozambique are based on samples in AMNH, MCZ, and USNM and represent significant range extensions beyond that outlined by Hutterer and Dieterlen (1984). Judged by Roberts's (1938) description and our study of one of the specimens in his original series (MCZ 24046), vumbaensis from E Zimbabwe (Vumba and Mount Selinda) belongs in the synonymy of G. macmillani rather than G. dolichurus where Smithers and Wilson (1979) and Meester et al. (1986) listed it. Matschie's (1915) usambarae from N Tanzania is also likely an example of G. macmillani because of its small size and short molar rows. Distribution in the ... [truncated]	Macmillans Grammomys
13001356	Grammomys minnae	Hutterer and Dieterlen 1984	SPECIES			minnae		Grammomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Stuttg. Beitr. Naturk., A vol.374 p.10			S Ethiopia; limits unknown.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Recorded only from two localities. About the same body size as G. dolichurus and G. macmillani but has a very different karyotype (2n = 32, FN = 64; 2n = 52, FN = 66 in G. dolichurus and 2n = 68-76 in G. macmillani). Reviewed as an Ethiopian endemic by Yalden and Largen (1992; also see Yalden et al., 1996).	Ethiopian Grammomys
13001363	Haeromys minahassae	Thomas 1896	SPECIES			minahassae		Haeromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.18 p.247			Sulawesi; recorded only from tropical lowland evergreen rain forest at the NE tip of the N peninsula and central core between 75 and 1000 m (Musser, 1990; Musser, ms).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	External, cranial, and dental features distinguish H. minahassae and an undescribed Sulawesian species from those on Borneo and Palawan (Musser, ms). Karyotype is primitive (2n = 48, FN = 54) consisting of two pairs of metacentrics and the rest telocentrics (Musser, 1990); spermatozoal morphology is distinctive (Breed and Musser, 1991). Of the two species of Haeromys endemic to Sulawesi, an undescribed form occupies montane forest formations and its close relative H. minahassae occurs at lower altitudes in lowland evergreen rain forest; the two are also distinguished by pelage coloration and cranial traits (Musser, ms).	Lowland Sulawesi Haeromys
13001357	Grammomys poensis	Eisentraut 1965	SPECIES			poensis		Grammomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Zool. Jb. Syst., Jena vol.92 p.26		rutilans  (Peters, 1876) [not Olfers, 1818].	Western tropical rain forest blocks and outlying patches: from Guinea (Mt Nimba) eastward through Côte dIvoire, Ghana (Grubb et al., 1998, as rutilans), and Togo to S Nigeria, then south through Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (including Bioko; Eisentraut, 1965), and Gabon to N Angola (Crawford-Cabral, 1998, as rutilans). This outline is provisional; samples from Gabon and N Angola should be reexamined to determine if they are this species or the smaller G. kuru.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as G. rutilans.	The species is better known as Grammomys rutilans (Peters, 1876; see Musser and Carleton, 1993, for example). Mus rutilans Peters, 1876, however, is a junior homonym of Mus rutilans Olfers, 1818, a South American sigmodontine cricetid, which has been used in the combination Oxymycterus rutilans (Olfers, 1818) by Hershkovitz (1959a), Vaz-Ferreira (1960), Reig (1964, 1965), Carleton (1973), and Voss and Linzey (1981). Hershkovitz (1994) recently placed rutilans in the synonymy of Oxymycterus rufus (Fischer, 1814). Mus rutilans Peters, 1876, therefore, is not available; poensis, described as a subspecies of G. rutilans by Eisentraut (1965) refers to the same genus and species, and is the valid species name for the taxon. The karyotype (2n = 36) reported by Tranier and Dosso (1979) for an individual captured in Côte dIvoire refers to G. poensis. Phylogenetically most closely related to G. kuru (see ... [truncated]	Western Rainforest Grammomys
13001358	Hadromys	Thomas 1911	GENUS					Hadromys	Muridae	Rodentia	J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. vol.20 p.999	Mus humei Thomas, 1886.				<p>HadromysDivision. Usually considered closely allied to Arvicanthis and its relatives, especially Golunda (Misonne, 1969), but a combination of primitive and derived cranial and dental traits divorces Hadromys from that group: best hypothesis now available on phylogenetic affinities would be to derive the species of Hadromys from some late Miocene Asian ancestor, possibly a species of Karnimata (= Progonomys, according to Mein et al., 1993), and to consider any resemblance to the Arvicanthis cluster a reflection of convergent evolution (Musser, 1987b). No fossils have been described that suggest phylogenetic links between Hadromys and either Asian Golunda or extinct Asian genera such as Saidomys, Parapelomys, and Dilatomys (see descriptions of those genera in Brandy, 1981; Gupta and Prasad, 2001; Jacobs, 1978; Ôen, 1983) that have been labeled "Asian arvicanthines" (e.g., Cheema et al., ... [truncated]	
13001359	Hadromys humei	Thomas 1886	SPECIES			humei		Hadromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1886 p.63			NE India (Manipur and NW Assam; Musser, 1987b; Agrawal, 2000).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Musser (1987a). The species occurred throughout Thailand to Songkla Province in peninsular Thailand at the Thai-Malay border (south of the present Isthmus of Kra, 10E30' N) during middle Pleistocene, about 137,000 years ago, judged by fossilized molars identified as H. humei (Chaimanee and Jaeger, 2000b). During that earlier time Thailand, and most likely other parts of the Indomalayan region may have been dominated by drier and cooler climates and extensive savanna environments similar to the habitats in which H. humei is found today. In the context of this past distribution, the present range of H. humei appears to be relictual (Chaimanee and Jaeger, 2000b).	Humes Hadromys
13001360	Hadromys yunnanensis	Yang and Wang 1987	SPECIES			yunnanensis		Hadromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Acta Theriologica Sinica vol.7 p.46			Recorded only from Ruili County in W Yunnan, 970-1300 m (Yang and Wang, 1987).		Originally described as a distinctive subspecies of H. humei, but the Yunnan animal is easily distinguished by its much larger body size (123-140 mm as opposed to 98-120 mm in H. humei), relatively shorter tail, pure white underparts (grayish white tinged with pale or rich buff in H. humei), significantly longer diastema (8.1-8.5 mm versus 6.7-7.8 mm in H. humei), and shorter palate relative to skull length. These contrasts support the hypothesis that yunnanensis represents a separate species, a conclusion also suggested by Corbet and Hill (1992) who were impressed by the differences. In his checklist of Chinese mammals, Wang (2003) treated yunnanensis as a species.	Yunnan Hadromys
13001361	Haeromys	Thomas 1911	GENUS					Haeromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.7 p.207	Mus margarettae Thomas, 1893.				MicromysDivision. A Sundaic and Sulawesian endemic. Cranial, dental, and spermatozoal morphology suggested a distant phylogenetic link to Chiropodomys (Breed and Musser, 1991; Musser and Newcomb, 1983). This alliance was indicated by Thomas (1893:346) in describing margarettae: "Skull with a very peculiar and noteworthy resemblance to that of Chiropodomys agreeing with that of Ch. gliroides so closely that it is not until a close examination is made that the differences become apparent." Chromosomal data is ambiguous in assessing Haeromyss closest relatives (Musser, 1990). A new species from C Sulawesi will be described within the context of a revision of Haeromys being prepared by Musser (ms).	
13001362	Haeromys margarettae	Thomas 1893	SPECIES			margarettae		Haeromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.11 p.346			Borneo; recorded only from the type locality and Sabah (Chasen and Kloss, 1932).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Known only by the holotype (BMNH 93.4.1.55) and a specimen from Bettotan in Sabah (RMBR 4.7900); Medways (1977) record from East Kalimantan is a nestling of Sundamys muelleri (ZMO 8226, identified by Musser).	Margarets Haeromys
13001364	Haeromys pusillus	Thomas 1893	SPECIES			pusillus		Haeromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.11 p.232			Documented (Musser, ms) by six examples from Borneo (Sarawak, Sabah, E and SW Kalimantan) and two from the Greater Palawan Faunal Region of the Philippines (one from Palawan, the other from Calauit Isl).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	The two Philippine specimens have paler underparts on head and body and dorsal metatarsal surfaces than does the Bornean sample and also differ slightly in dental traits, but because there are so few specimens from either Borneo or the Greater Palawan Faunal Region, the significance of this variation has yet to be determined. Most closely related to H. margarettae, and included, incorrectly in our view, in that species by Payne et al. (1985).	Sundaic Haeromys
13001365	Hapalomys	Blyth 1859	GENUS					Hapalomys	Muridae	Rodentia	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.28 p.296	Hapalomys longicaudatus Blyth, 1859.				<p>MicromysDivision. Reviewed by Musser (1972). One of the few murine genera with representatives in both Indochina and on the Sunda Shelf (Musser and Newcomb, 1983). Although molar occlusal patterns are highly derived, they are more similar to those of Chiropodomys than to any other extant Asian murine (Chaimanee, 1998; Misonne, 1969), a suggested alliance supported by shared derived traits of the feet, digits, and skull (Musser and Newcomb, 1983).</p><p>Musser and Newcomb (1983) suggested the evolutionary history of Hapalomys to have been confined to Indochina, a view now confirmed by Pleistocene fossils that document a small radiation in the region probably originating in the Pliocene. Isolated molars from early Pleistocene cave sediments in the Sichuan-Guizhou region of S China have been described as H. eurycidens, H. angustidens, and H. gracilis; H. khaorupchangi is represented by molars from early and middle Pleistocene cave deposi... [truncated]	
13001366	Hapalomys delacouri	Thomas 1927	SPECIES			delacouri		Hapalomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1927 p.55		marmosa G. M. Allen, 1927; pasquieri Thomas, 1927.	S China (Hainan Isl and S Guangxi on the mainland; Musser [1972], Wang [2003], Zhang et al. [1997]), N Laos (Musser, 1972), and C Vietnam (Dang et al., 1994); limits unknown.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	<p>Corbet and Hill (1992) recognized two groups on the mainland separated by degree of tail pilosity and some cranial and dental dimensions, but the significance of these differences needs to be assessed by study of larger series; H. delacouri is still represented only by a few specimens. The species has been infrequently encountered by collectors, is probably restricted to a special habitat (bamboo, for example), has a patchy distribution, and will likely be found to occur over a broader range than is now indicated by extant specimens.</p><p>Isolated molars have been uncovered from Holocene cave sediments in the Sichuan-Guizhou region of S China (Zheng, 1993, as H. cf. delacouri) and middle or late Pleistocene cave deposits in Guangxi Province of S China (Chen et al., 2002) and NE Thailand (Chaimanee, 1998, as H. delacouri); it would not be surprising to find the species still living in N Thailand and other parts of S China.</p>	Lesser Marmoset Rat
13001367	Hapalomys longicaudatus	Blyth 1859	SPECIES			longicaudatus		Hapalomys	Muridae	Rodentia	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.28 p.296			SW China (W Yunnan; Wang, 2003), SE Burma (Ellerman, 1961), SW and peninsular Thailand (J. T. Marshall, Jr., 1977a; Robinson et al., 1995), and Malay Peninsula (Medway, 1978; specimens in USNM); limits unknown.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Karyotype uninformative about phylogenetic relationships (Yong et al., 1982). Spermatozoal morphology similar to that of Chiropodomys and Maxomys and also resembling the basic structure found in species of Mus and Apodemus (Breed and Yong (1986). Reviewed by Musser (1972). Evolutionary history of H. longicaudatus extends back to middle Pleistocene as documented by isolated molars recovered from cave sediments in peninsular and NW Thailand (Chaimanee, 1998).	Greater Marmoset Rat
13001368	Heimyscus	Misonne 1969	GENUS					Heimyscus	Muridae	Rodentia	Mus. Roy. l'Afrique Cent., Tervuren, Zool. vol.no. 172 p.125	Hylomyscus fumosus Brosset, Dubost, and Heim de Balsac, 1965.				StenocephalemysDivision. A distinctive genus formerly phylogenetically allied with Hylomyscus. DNA/DNA hybridization experiments, for example, place Heimyscus fumosus closer to Hylomyscus stella than to the species of Praomys, Myomyscus, and Mastomys examined (Chevret et al., 1994), which is reflected by nuclear IRBP sequences in which Heimyscus fumosus joins H. stella and H. parvus in a monophyletic group (Lecompte, 2003). Analyses of complete mtDNA cytochrome b sequences, however, indicate Heimyscus to be phylogenetically divergent from Hylomyscus and apparently more closely related to Praomys (Lecompte et al., 2002b).	
13001369	Heimyscus fumosus	Brosset, Dubost, and Heim de Balsac 1965	SPECIES			fumosus		Heimyscus	Muridae	Rodentia	Biologia Gabonica vol.1 p.154			Recorded only from the type locality, S Cameroon (Robbins et al., 1980), SW Gabon (specimens in FMNH, USNM), Republic of Congo (Granjon, 1991), and S Central African Republic (F. Petter and Genest, 1970; Malcom and Ray, 2000).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Originally described as a species of Hylomyscus, but differs significantly from any species in that genus in morphological and chromosomal traits (Misonne, 1969; Robbins et al., 1980), ecology (Duplantier, 1989), and complete mtDNA cytochrome b sequences (Lecompte et al., 2002b). Chevret et al. (1994), however, suggested that the degree of nucleotide substitutions indicated fumosus could remain in Hylomyscus under subgenus Heimyscus. Chromosomal traits (2n = 40, FNa = 48) described by Lecompte (2003).	Smokey Heimyscus
13001370	Hybomys	Thomas 1910	GENUS					Hybomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.5 p.85	Mus univittatus Peters, 1876.	Typomys  Thomas, 1911.			HybomysDivision. The species have traditionally been arranged into two groups and reflected taxonomically as either subgenera (Hybomys and Typomys; G. M. Allen, 1939; Carleton and Robbins, 1985; Ellerman, 1941; Misonne, 1969) or genera (Thomas, 1911b; see Rosevear's [1969] excellent exposition). Morphometric analyses of cranial and dental dimensions by Van der Straeten (1984) showed a closer alliance between the subgenus Hybomys and Dephomys, a West African forest endemic, than with Typomys, and prompted Van der Straeten to argue strongly for recognizing Typomys as a separate genus. But his conclusion was founded on multivariate analyses of continuous variables and ignored discrete character-trait differences; his tree is a phenogram of shape-size similarity, not a cladogram of shared-derived characters hypothesizing phylogenetic affinity. Carleton and Robbins (1985:983) corroborated the dichotomy between Hybomys and Typ... [truncated]	
13001371	Hybomys	Thomas 1910	SUBGENUS				Hybomys	Hybomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.5 p.85	Mus univittatus Peters, 1876.					
13001372	Typomys	Thomas 1911	SUBGENUS				Typomys	Hybomys	Muridae	Rodentia							
13500318	Sylvilagus brasiliensis subsp. paraguensis	Thomas 1901	SUBSPECIES		paraguensis	brasiliensis	Tapeti	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha						Part of a group of subspecies found south of Isthmus of Panama	
13001373	Hybomys badius	Osgood 1936	SPECIES			badius	Hybomys	Hybomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Zool. Ser. Field Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.20 p.254		eisentrauti  Van der Straeten and Hutterer, 1986.	Mt Cameroon and Mtns Lefo and Oku in the Bamenda-Banso highlands, W Cameroon.	IUCN  Endangered as H. eisentrauti.	Subgenus Hybomys. We use badius as the oldest name for eisentrauti, described by Van der Straeten and Hutterer (1986), whose definition is based mostly on its geographic separation from H. lunaris, as Van der Straeten et al. (1986) perceived that species, not on differentiating character data. Their multivariate analysis revealed three clusters of specimen scores, one representing H. basilii from Bioko, another "H. lunaris" from E Dem. Rep. Congo and Rwanda (not true lunaris; see below), and a third H. univittatus collected in S Cameroon. Specimens of eisentrauti lie close to examples of badius and both sets of scores fall within their "H. lunaris." Curiously and confusingly, they treated Osgoods badius as a subspecies of H. univittatus, even though those specimen scores are well separated from the H. univittatus cluster. The analysis of Van der Straeten and Hutterer provides no clearcut ... [truncated]	Cameroon Highland Hybomys
13001374	Hybomys basilii	Eisentraut 1965	SPECIES			basilii	Hybomys	Hybomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Zool. Jahrb. Syst. vol.92 p.20			Endemic to Bioko.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Hybomys. Originally described as a subspecies of H. univittatus, but raised to specific rank by Van der Straeten (1985) based on morphometric analyses contrasting it with samples identified as H. univittatus and H. lunaris (Van der Straeten, 1985; Van der Straeten and Hutterer, 1986).	Bioko Hybomys
13001375	Hybomys lunaris	Thomas 1906	SPECIES			lunaris	Hybomys	Hybomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.18 p.145			Ruwenzori Mtns, W Uganda.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Hybomys. Originally described as a subspecies of H. univittatus by Thomas, lunaris was raised to a species based upon chromosomal traits (Verheyen and Van der Straeten, 1985) and morphometric analyses (Van der Straeten, 1985; Van der Straeten et al., 1986). Van der Straeten et al. (1986) identified the species as occurring in NE and E Dem. Rep. Congo, W Uganda, and Rwanda, but their samples from these areas are not representative of true lunaris, a morphology so far known only from the Ruwenzori Mtns. Verheyen and Van der Straeten (1985) documented 2n = 48 for a Rwandan sample they labeled H. lunaris, which contrasted with 2n = 44 from their Cameroon material they identified as H. univittatus. However, Carleton and Robbins (1985) recorded a 2n = 48 from northwest of Dongila, the type locality of H. univittatus and considered that karyotype typical of the latter. Carleton and Robbins (1985:985) explained that "Verheyen and... [truncated]	Ruwenzori Hybomys
13001376	Hybomys planifrons	Miller 1900	SPECIES			planifrons	Typomys	Hybomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. vol.2 p.641			Liberian Forest Zone: N and E Sierra Leone, Liberia, S half of Guinea (Barnett et al., 1996; Ziegler et al., 2002), and W Côte dIvoire west of the Sassandra River; Carleton and Robbins (1985:990).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Typomys. Part of the murine fauna endemic to West Africa (see account of Grammomys buntingi). Taxonomic status, phylogenetic relationship, and significance of distribution in Liberian forest refuge reviewed by Carleton and Robbins (1985). Additional data reported by Gautun et al. (1986). Grubb et al. (1998) reviewed Sierra Leone population, and Barnett et al. (1996) extended its range in Guinea to the Kounounkan Massif.	Liberian Forest Hybomys
13001377	Hybomys trivirgatus	Temminck 1853	SPECIES			trivirgatus	Typomys	Hybomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Esquisses Zool. sur la Côte de Guine p.159		pearsei Ingoldby, 1929 [justified emendation of pearcei by Rosevear, 1969:378].	From Sierra Leone west to SW Nigeria west of the Niger River (Carleton and Robbins, 1985:990).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Typomys. Part of the murine fauna endemic to West Africa (see account of Grammomys buntingi). Morphology, phylogenetic affinities, and geographic range reviewed by Carleton and Robbins (1985). Grubb et al. (1998) reviewed populations in Ghana and Sierra Leone. Neither Rosevear (1969) nor Carleton and Robbins (1985) uncovered evidence for subspecific differentiation of pearsei from SW Nigeria.	West African Hybomys
13001378	Hybomys univittatus	Peters 1876	SPECIES			univittatus	Hybomys	Hybomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss., Berlin p.479		rufocanus (Tullberg, 1893).	From SE Nigeria (on E side of Cross River), through Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Republic of Congo, S Central African Republic, Dem. Rep. Congo, and extreme NW Zambia to S Uganda and W Rwanda (Carleton and Robbins, 1985:990).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Hybomys. Review of species and comparisons with H. trivirgatus and H. planifrons reported by Carleton and Robbins (1985). The degree of morphological variation seen among populations of H. univittatus suggests that it is a composite of morphologically similar species. One problem has been inadvertently identified by Van der Straeten et al. (1986), who separated lunaris from H. univittatus. Their morphometric analysis, and similar results reproduced in other reports (Van der Straeten, 1985; Van der Straeten and Hutterer, 1986), clearly distinguish specimens from S Cameroon identified as H. univitattus from samples obtained in E Dem. Rep. Congo and Rwanda, which they identified as H. lunaris. Real lunaris, however, is a species of small body size and more delicate build, to date known only from the Ruwenzori highlands (see that account). The "lunaris" of Van der Straeten and colleagues is a diffe... [truncated]	Peterss Hybomys
13001392	Hylomyscus parvus	Brosset, Dubost, and Heim de Balsac 1965	SPECIES			parvus		Hylomyscus	Muridae	Rodentia	Biologia Gabonica vol.1 p.149			N and E Dem. Rep. Congo, S Central African Republic, N Gabon, and S Cameroon (Dudu et al., 1989).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	A distinctive species discussed by Dudu et al. (1989). Regularly trapped, although in small numbers, in Makokou, Gabon (Duplantier, 1989).	Lesser Hylomyscus
13500319	Sylvilagus brasiliensis subsp. peruanus	Hershkovitz 1950	SUBSPECIES		peruanus	brasiliensis	Tapeti	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha						Part of a group of subspecies found south of Isthmus of Panama	
13001379	Hydromys	E. Geoffroy 1804	GENUS					Hydromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris vol.3 93 p.353	Hydromys chrysogaster E. Geoffroy, 1804.	Baiyankamys Hinton, 1943.			HydromysDivision. Member of the Australian and New Guinea Old Endemics (Musser, 1981c). Considered an Australian member of a restricted Hydromyini by Baverstock (1984), not the more inclusive Hydromyini of Watts and Baverstock (1994a). Analysis of allozymic variation supported a weak link between H. chrysogaster and Xeromys (Baverstock et al., 1981), but albumin immunology (Watts and Baverstock, 1994a, 1996) and spermatozoal morphology (Breed and Aplin, 1994; Breed, 1997), using H. chrysogaster, strongly allied Hydromys with New Guinea Parahydromys, and the Australian Leggadina, and placed the three in a larger clade containing members of our Xeromys, Pseudomys, and Uromys Divisions, which Watts and Baverstock (1994a) defined as the Hydromyini (or "Australasian clade") to the exclusion of strictly New Guinea species in our Pogonomys Division (Anisomyini of Watts and Ba... [truncated]	
13001380	Hydromys chrysogaster	E. Geoffroy 1804	SPECIES			chrysogaster		Hydromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris vol.93 p.354		apicalis Kuhl, 1820; beccarii Peters, 1874; caurinus Thomas, 1909; esox Thomas, 1906; flaviventer Owen, 1840-1845; fuliginosus Gould, 1853; fulvogaster Jourdan, 1837; fulvolavatus Gould, 1853 fulvoventer Cuvier, 1837; grootensis Troughton, 1935; illuteus Thomas, 1922; lawnensis Troughton, 1935; leucogaster Geoffroy, 1804; longmani Thomas, 1923; lutrilla Gould, 1853; melicertes Thomas, 1921; moae Troughton, 1935; nauticus Thomas, 1921; oriens Troughton, 1937; reginae Thomas and Dollman, 1909.	Australia: freshwater lakes and rivers as well as swamp, salt marsh, and supralittoral habitats (absent from C Australian region); also found on Tasmania and numerous smaller islands off the coast of Australia (Friend and Thomas, 1990; Robinson et al., 2000; Rounsevell et al., 1991; Seebeck, 1995b; Watts and Aslin, 1981:67); Kai Isls and Aru Isls. New Guinea: throughout most of the island from sea level to 1900 m (Flannery, 1990b:188; 1995a:237;). Also on the Melanesian and Wallacean islands of Goodenough, Yapen, Biak, Kiriwina, Fergusson, Normanby, and Obi (Flannery, 1995b ).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Chromosomal data presented by Baverstock et al. (1977c, 1983b). Morphology of spermatozoa and male reproductive tract discussed in context of comparative study of Australian murines (Breed, 1984, 1986; Breed and Sarafis, 1978; Morrissey and Breed, 1982). References to distributional, taxonomic, and biological literature for Australia cataloged by Mahoney and Richardson (1988:156). Significance of variation in body size and pelage color needs to be assessed in context of careful systematic revision of the species; more than one species likely exists among available samples (the single specimen from Obi Isl, for example, likely represents a separate species, as does a very small-bodied specimen from highland oak forest on Goodenough Isl, which may be a montane endemic distinct from H. chrysogaster in the lowlands; K. Helgen, in litt., 2003). Australian population reviewed by Olsen (1995), New Guinea by Flannery (1995a). Leary and Seri (1997) reported specimens... [truncated]	Common Water Rat
13001381	Hydromys habbema	Tate and Archbold 1941	SPECIES			habbema		Hydromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.1101 p.3			New Guinea, Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya), known only from the type locality and NE slope of Mt Wilhelmina between 3560 and 3600 m (Tate, 1951:227); limits unknown.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Reviewed and mapped by Flannery (1995a).	New Guinea Mountain Water Rat
13001382	Hydromys hussoni	Musser and Piik 1982	SPECIES			hussoni		Hydromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Zool. Meded. Leiden vol.56 p.157			New Guinea; known only from the Wissel Lakes region in the W foothill margin of the Snow Mtns (Pegunungan Maoke) in Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya) (Flannery, 1990b:186, 1995a; Musser and Piik, 1982:156); limits unresolved.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Overall morphology and anatomical proportions of H. hussoni are like those of H. chrysogaster, although it is much smaller than that species (Musser and Piik, 1982). Ziegler (1984) identified a specimen as H. hussoni obtained from Bianyik, 5 km south of Maprik in lowlands (213 m) of the Torricelli Mtns on N coast of East Sepik Province in Papua New Guinea. This specimen is about the same body size as the series from Enarotali, has smaller skull and bullae, shorter molar rows (Ziegler, 1984) and to us is not an example of H. hussoni, but represents a separate undescribed species (K. Helgen, in litt., 2004, who examined the specimen, concurs).	Hussons Water Rat
13001383	Hydromys neobritannicus	Tate and Archbold 1935	SPECIES			neobritannicus		Hydromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.803 p.8			Endemic to New Britain Isl.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Included in H. chrysogaster by Ellerman (1941) and Ziegler (1982b), but recognized as a New Britain endemic by Flannery and White (1991) and should retain this status until significance of its diagnostic traits can be assessed in a systematic revision of the large-bodied forms of Hydromys, as Tate (1951:236) already noted. Reviewed by Flannery (1995b).	New Britain Water Rat
13001384	Hydromys shawmayeri	Hinton 1943	SPECIES			shawmayeri		Hydromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 11 vol.10 p.552			New Guinea; recorded only along the Papua New Guinea Central Cordillera from Hagen Range in the west to Mt Kaindi area in the east (localities 1-4 that were mapped as "H. habbema" in Musser and Piik, 1982:156).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Although identified as H. habbema, specimens from Papua New Guinea were noted to exhibit significant morphological differences from true H. habbema in Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya), not only in body size but also in certain cranial proportions (Mahoney, 1968; Musser and Piik, 1982; Tate, 1951). These and other contrasts support the hypothesis of eastern (H. shawmayeri) and western (H. habbema) montane species, a pattern that is not uncommon to other New Guinea murines (e. g., Pseudohydromys murinus and P. occidentalis). Mahoney (1968) discussed the problems associated with the original holotype of shawmayeri, which was described as a species of Baiyankamys. Reviewed by Flannery (1995a).	Shaw Mayers Water Rat
13001385	Hylomyscus	Thomas 1926	GENUS					Hylomyscus	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.17 p.174	Epimys aeta Thomas, 1911.				StenocephalemysDivision. Taxonomic, distributional, and biological summaries of West African forms provided by Rosevear (1969). Morphometric, distributional, and chromosomal data for some species in Cameroon reported by Eisentraut (1969, 1973) and Robbins et al. (1980). Species from Côte dIvoire reviewed by Heim de Balsac and Aellen (1965). Distributions of species listed below based primarily on study of museum specimens. See Rosevear (1969) and Robbins et al. (1980) for taxonomic history of the alternating use of Hylomyscus as a genus or subgenus. DNA/DNA hybridization results set Hylomyscus well apart from a cluster formed by species of Praomys, Myomyscus, and Mastomys (Chevret et al., 1994); analysis of microcomplement fixation of albumin brings Praomys, Mastomys, Myomyscus, and Hylomyscus together in a clade with the last separated from the other three (Watts and Baverstock, 1997a); and monophyly ... [truncated]	
13001386	Hylomyscus aeta	Thomas 1911	SPECIES			aeta		Hylomyscus	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.7 p.591		laticeps Osgood, 1936; shoutedeni (Dollman, 1914); weileri (Lönnberg and Gyldenstolpe, 1925).	Central forest block from Equatorial Guinea (including Bioko) to Cameroon, Gabon, Central African Republic, Republic of Congo, Dem. Rep. Congo, W Uganda, and NW Burundi; limits unknown (distribution based primarily on specimens examined in various institutions).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Hylomyscus aeta is easily distinguished from all other species of Hylomyscus by its distinct supraorbital shelves. Hatt (1940a) tentatively included aeta, shoutedeni, and weiler in H. carillus, but our study of samples and holotypes does not support his arrangement. Variation in body size exists among geographic samples but its significance has not been assessed by careful study. Swynnerton and Haymans (1951:316) report of H. aeta in the Uluguru Mtns, EC Tanzania, is apparently based on Allen and Loveridges (1933) listing of H. weileri, now considered a synonym of H. aeta; these specimens (series in MCZ) are all examples of the H. denniae complex. Chromosomal data reported by Robbins et al. (1980). Eisentraut (1969b) described grandis from Mt Oku as a subspecies of H. aeta but Hutterer et al. (1992a) treated it as a separate species (see that account). Discussed by Eisentraut (197... [truncated]	Beaded Hylomyscus
13001387	Hylomyscus alleni	Waterhouse 1837 "1838"	SPECIES			alleni		Hylomyscus	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1837 p.77		canus  Sanderson, 1940; montis Eisentraut, 1969; simus G. M. Allen and Coolidge, 1930.	Equatorial Guinea (including Bioko) and West Africa from Guinea (Mt Nimba) to Gabon and Cameroon; limits unknown.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	We do not follow Rosevear (1969) in restricting H. alleni to Bioko (= Fernando Poo), and agree with Eisentraut (1969b) and Robbins et al. (1980) in recognizing the species in West Africa (based on our study of Eisentraut's material and other specimens). Robbins et al. (1980) reported sympatry between alleni and stella in S Cameroon, as well as cranial and chromosomal distinctions. However, the morphological differences they noted are slight and variable even within a single sample, the karyotypes all have 2n = 46 and only differ slightly in FN (68 versus 70), and they did not demonstrate whether the contrasts represented intra- or interpopulational variation. The chromosomal differences are not impressive considering that a sample referred to H. stella from Burundi had 2n = 48 and FN= 86 (Maddalena et al., 1989). Some authors (Brosset et al., 1965; Heim de Balsac and Aellen, 1965) have regarded simus as the species distributed throughout West A... [truncated]	Allens Hylomyscus
13001388	Hylomyscus baeri	Heim de Balsac and Aellen 1965	SPECIES			baeri		Hylomyscus	Muridae	Rodentia	Biologia Gabonica vol.1 p.175			Recorded only from Côte dIvoire, Ghana, and Sierra Leone.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Part of the murine fauna endemic to West Africa (see account of Grammomys buntingi). Distributional and morphometric data summarized by Robbins and Setzer (1979); Ghana and Sierra Leone records reviewed by Grubb et al. (1998).	Baers Hylomyscus
13001389	Hylomyscus carillus	Thomas 1904	SPECIES			carillus		Hylomyscus	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.13 p.418			WC Angola; limits unknown (Crawford-Cabral, 1998, claimed the species occurs in SE Dem. Rep. Congo).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Associated with either H. aeta (Hatt, 1940a) or H. alleni (G. M. Allen, 1939), the affinities of carillus may be closer to H. stella (based on our study of the holotype and series from Pungo in BMNH). We have identified three distinct species of Hylomyscus occurring in Angola: H. carillus, an unnamed population related to East African H. denniae, and H. stella (specimens in AMNH, BMNH, and FMNH). Crawford-Cabral (1998) reviewed and mapped records he identified as H. carillus and regarded this as the only species in Angola; some of his records likely represent the other two species.	Angolan Hylomyscus
13001390	Hylomyscus denniae	Thomas 1906	SPECIES			denniae		Hylomyscus	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.18 p.144		anselli  Bishop, 1979; endorobae (Heller, 1910); vulcanorum (Lönnberg and Gyldenstolpe, 1925).	Montane forest islands in WC Angola, extreme E Dem. Rep. Congo, Uganda, W Rwanda, and Kenya through Tanzania to NE Zambia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>The species was superficially reviewed by Hatt (1940a) and somewhat more thoroughly by Bishop (1979). The records of H. carillus from Chitau and Hanha in WC Angola (Hill and Carter, 1941:98) are based upon examples of what we identify here as H. denniae; additional samples (in FMNH) were collected in the same region on Mt Moco and Mt Soque. Although far west from the nearest records of H. denniae, most morphological characteristics of the Angolan series fall within the range of variation among samples now defined as that species. That variation, however, is appreciable, especially in body size, and its significance in determining whether one or more species is present in what is now regarded as H. denniae has to be assessed by systematic revision; certainly more than one species is represented. The distribution of H. denniae like populations in afromontane habitats of East Africa and the Angolan plateau parallels the pattern seen in Rhabd... [truncated]	Montane Hylomyscus
13001391	Hylomyscus grandis	Eisentraut 1969	SPECIES			grandis		Hylomyscus	Muridae	Rodentia	Z. Säugetierk. vol.34 p.300			Recorded only from upper slopes of Mt Oku (Eisentraut, 1969b, 1973).		Still known only by the four specimens collected by Eisentraut. He (Eisentraut, 1969b) described grandis as a subspecies of H. aeta, but it has a larger skull and significantly longer molar rows and is a separate species (Hutterer et al., 1992a; our study of specimens at ZFMK). Eisentraut collected examples of H. alleni at the same altitude at Lake Oku (Eisentraut, 1969b; our identifications of his specimens). In addition to H. grandis, other species of small mammals endemic to Mount Oku are the muroid rodents Lophuromys dieterleni, Lamottemys okuensis, and Lemniscomys mittendorfi and the golden mole Chrysochloris balsaci.	Mount Oku Hylomyscus
13001401	Lamottemys	F. Petter 1986	GENUS					Lamottemys	Muridae	Rodentia	Cimbebasia, Ser. A vol.8 p.98	Lamottemys okuensis F. Petter, 1986.				OenomysDivision. A distinctive genus whose closest phylogenetic relative is probably Oenomys (Dieterlen and Van der Straeten, 1988; F. Petter, 1986).	
13001393	Hylomyscus stella	Thomas 1911	SPECIES			stella		Hylomyscus	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.7 p.590		kaimosae (Heller, 1912).	From S and SE Nigeria, Gabon, Cameroon, Republic of Congo, Central African Republic, S Sudan to Dem. Rep. Congo, N Angola, Uganda, and W Kenya to EC Tanzania, Burundi, and Rwanda; limits unknown.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	The records from Sudan and N Angola are documented by specimens in FMNH; those from Tanzania are in BMNH. A specimen from the Gotel Mtns in SE Nigeria may represent the most northern population in Cameroon and Nigeria (Hutterer et al., 1992a). Some E African samples were reviewed by Bishop (1979). Using allozymic data, Iskandar et al. (1988) documented two species occurring together in NW Gabon. One is H. stella but they could not place a name on the other. Recognizable morphological variation exists among the samples of H. stella and this significance has to be assessed by critical systematic revision. The variation in 2n and FN among samples identified as H. stella was documented by Robbins et al. (1980) and Maddalena et al. (1989). Fadda et al. (2001a) used kaimosae as a species without explanation. Included by Eisentraut (1973) in his discussion of faunal evolution in West Africa. Documented from the Kalinzu Forest of SW Uganda by Delany (1... [truncated]	Stella Hylomyscus
13001394	Hyomys	Thomas 1903 "1904"	GENUS					Hyomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1903 2 p.198	Hyomys meeki Thomas, 1904 (= Mus goliath Milne-Edwards, 1900).				PogonomysDivision. Member of the New Guinea Old Endemics (Musser, 1981c). Phallic morphology documented by Lidicker (1968). Distributional and biological data summarized by Flannery (1990b, 1995a). Analysis of immunological distances by Watts and Baverstock (1994a) placed Hyomys in a clade with Chiruromys, Pogonomys, Anisomys, Coccymys, Mallomys, and Macruromys, but could not identify clear affinity with any particular genus within that group. Based upon their primitive sperm morphologies, Breed and Aplin (1994:26) speculated that Hyomys, along with Anisomys, "may represent some of the earliest offshoots of the Australo-Papuan radiation." Whether only one or more species are present in Hyomys has never been satisfactorily resolved (Flannery, 1990b; Rümmler, 1938; Tate, 1951), but our examination of museum specimens revealed the two species listed below.	
13001395	Hyomys dammermani	Stein 1933	SPECIES			dammermani		Hyomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Z. Säugetierk. vol.8 p.95			New Guinea; from the Vogelkop region (Arfak Mtns), Weyland Range, and Snow Mtns in Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya) east along Central Cordillera to Schrader Range and the Mt Hagen and Nondugl region in Papua New Guinea; to the east it is apparently replaced by H. goliath.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Originally described as a subspecies of H. meeki (= H. goliath; Rummler, 1938; Stein, 1933), H. dammermani is a small-bodied species with only traces of white wisps about the ears.	Western Hyomys
13001396	Hyomys goliath	Milne-Edwards 1900	SPECIES			goliath		Hyomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris vol.6 p.165		meeki  Thomas, 1904; strobilurus Rümmler, 1933.	Papua New Guinea; Central Cordillera from the Kratke Mtns in the north and Mt Sisa in the south (Leary and Seri, 1997) eastward to Mt Dayman at the end of the Owen Stanley Range, south to mountains of Milne Bay Province, and mountains of Huon Peninsula.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	This is the larger-bodied species with prominent white auricular tufts that is identified as meeki in the older literature.	Eastern Hyomys
13001397	Kadarsanomys	Musser 1981	GENUS					Kadarsanomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Zool. Verhandel. vol.189 p.5	Rattus canus sodyi Bartels, 1937.				RattusDivision. The only murine genus endemic to Java (Musser and Newcomb, 1983; Musser, 1986).	
13001398	Kadarsanomys sodyi	Bartels 1937	SPECIES			sodyi		Kadarsanomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Treubia vol.16 p.45			Java.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Morphology, natural history, and comparisons with Rattus and Lenothrix reported by Musser (1981a); the species is arboreal and was collected from nests in bamboo. Represented only by modern series collected in W Java during 1933-1935, and subfossil fragments from C and E Java (Musser and Newcomb, 1983). Among Sundaic murines, Kadarsanomys has no close phylogenetic allies, but some cranial and dental traits indicate a distant relationship with Rattus (Musser and Newcomb, 1983), and especially the Sulawesi R. xanthurus Group. Kadarsanomys sodyi joins Sundamys maxi, Mus vulcani, Niviventer lepturus, Maxomys bartelsii, and Pithecheir melanurus as a member of the murine fauna endemic to Java (Musser, 1986).	Javan Bamboo Rat
13001399	Komodomys	Musser and Boeadi 1980	GENUS					Komodomys	Muridae	Rodentia	J. Mammal. vol.61 p.397	Rattus rintjanus Sody, 1941.				RattusDivision. An endemic of Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Although cranial conformation is distinctive, dental morphology allies Komodomys to Papagomys, another endemic of Nusa Tenggara found only on Flores Isl (Musser, 1981c; Musser and Boeadi, 1980). Membership in a Rattus Division is supported by cranial and dental morphology (Musser and Newcomb, 1983) along with albumin immunology (Watts and Baverstock, 1994b); the albumin data ties Komodomys more closely to Sulawesian Bunomys than to Papagomys. Recent unpublished allozyme electrophoresis analysis demonstrates a close relationship between K. rintjanus and Rattus timorensis (see that account). Curiously, Pavlinov et al. (1995a) listed Komodomys, along with Papagomys in a Pithecheir Section of a more inclusive Micromys Group.	
13001400	Komodomys rintjanus	Sody 1941	SPECIES			rintjanus		Komodomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Treubia vol.18 p.310			Nusa Tenggara: islands of Rintja, Padar, and Flores; probably occurs on other islands in the Lesser Sunda chain (e.g., Komodo).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Populations on Rintja and Padar are represented by modern samples, that from Flores by subfossil fragments recovered from sediments 4000-3000 years old (Musser, 1981c; undescribed material studied by Musser).	Nusa Tenggara Komodomys
13500320	Sylvilagus brasiliensis subsp. sanctaemartae	Hershkovitz 1950	SUBSPECIES		sanctaemartae	brasiliensis	Tapeti	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha						Part of a group of subspecies found south of Isthmus of Panama	
13001403	Leggadina	Thomas 1910	GENUS					Leggadina	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.6 p.606	Mus forresti Thomas, 1906.				<p>PseudomysDivision. Sometimes included in Pseudomys, but a distinctive genus considered to be an Australian Old Endemic (Musser, 1981c). Usually included in the Conilurini (Baverstock, 1984), but data from microcomplement fixation of albumin indicated that L. forresti is not closely related to Pseudomys or any of the other Australian Old Endemics (Watts et al., 1992), but clusters with Hydromys (Australia and New Guinea) and the New Guinea endemic Parahydromys (Watts and Baverstock, 1994a, 1996), an association seemingly supported by spermatozoal morphology (Breed and Aplin, 1994; Breed, 1997). However, a recently completed phylogenetic analysis of multiple mitochondrial and nuclear genes in a wide selection of "conilurines" (in the sense of Baverstock, 1984) shows that Leggadina is much closer to a Pseudomys/Notomys clade than to Hydromys (F. Ford, in litt., 2004). Compared with DNA sequences, especially fr... [truncated]	
13001404	Leggadina forresti	Thomas 1906	SPECIES			forresti		Leggadina	Muridae	Rodentia	Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1906 32 p.6		berneyi (Troughton, 1936); messorius (Thomas, 1925); waitei (Troughton, 1932).	Inland Australia; W half of Queensland, NW New South Wales, N South Australia, S Northern Territory, and localities in far eastern part of Western Australia (Banks and Rushton, 1998; Reid and Morton, 1995; Robinson et al., 2000; Watts and Aslin, 1981). Populations in Pilbara region, including Thevenard Isl, once considered to be L. forresti, are now referred to L. lakedownensis (Cooper et al., 2003a; Moro et al., 1998).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Reviewed by Watts and Aslin (1981), Reid and Morton (1995), and Cooper et al. (2003a).	Forrests Leggadina
13001405	Leggadina lakedownensis	Watts 1976	SPECIES			lakedownensis		Leggadina	Muridae	Rodentia	Trans. R. Soc. S. Aust. vol.100 p.105			NE and N Australia; recorded from inland localities in C Queensland and coastal regions in far N Queensland, in subtropical region of Northern Territory, and Kimberley and Pilbara regions (including Thevanard Isl) of Western Australia (Cooper et al., 2003a).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	A distinctive species distinguished from its close relative L. forresti by a suite of morphological, biochemical, and chromosomal traits (Baverstock et al., 1976a; Cooper et al., 2003a; Moro et al., 1998; Watts, 1976). Kidney structure described by Moro (2000). Moro et al. (1998) reported variation in mtDNA cytochrome b sequenes between the Pilbara (including Thevanard Isl) and the Kimberley and argued for taxonomic distinction of these populations. Cooper et al. (2003a) undertook a broader analysis based on much newly collected material and a combination of allozyme electrophoresis and morphological analysis. Although regional morphological differences were revealed, the various populations are genetically similar from the Pilbara region through to the Northern Territory. Populations in Queensland may be genetically more distinct; however, insufficient samples were available to quantify the extent of divergence. The Thevanard Isl population is... [truncated]	Lakeland Downs Leggadina
13001406	Lemniscomys	Trouessart 1881	GENUS					Lemniscomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Bull. Soc. Etudes Sci. Angers vol.10 p.124	Mus barbarus Linnaeus, 1766.				ArvicanthisDivision. Morphological data clusters Lemniscomys with species of Arvicanthis, Pelomys, Mylomys, and Rhabdomys (Musser, 1987a), which is corroborated by analysis of mitochondrial gene sequences (DNA cytochrome b, 12S and 16S rRNA gene fragments), and also includes Desmomys (Ducroz et al., 2001). The sequence data of Ducroz et al. also indicates that within this arvicanthine cluster, Lemniscomys is the only member of a lineage separate from that comprising Desmomys and Rhabdomys, and from another containing Arvicanthis, Mylomys, and Pelomys. Analysis of microcomplement fixation of albumin associates Lemniscomys with Pelomys, Rhabdomys, Grammomys, and Thallomys (Watts and Baverstock, 1995a). Chromosomal data has been summarized for several species (Fadda et al., 2001b; Filippucci et al., 1986; Gautun et al., 198... [truncated]	
13001407	Lemniscomys barbarus	Linnaeus 1766	SPECIES			barbarus		Lemniscomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Syst. Nat., 12th ed. vol.1 p.addenda		ifniensis Morales Agacino, 1935.	"Coastal region of Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia, northwest and north of the Atlas Mountains" (Carleton and Van der Straeten, 1997:665); endemic to the Barbarian region (Maghreb) of NW Africa.	IUCN  Least Concern.	Member of the L. barbarus group, which also contains L. zebra and L. hoogstraali. Carleton and Van der Straeten (1997) provided a comprehensive systematic revision of this assemblage. Results of their morphometric and color pattern analyses demonstrated that the populations formerly constituting L. barbarus (e. g., as listed by Musser and Carleton, 1993) actually consists of L. barbarus, which is endemic to NW Africa, and L. zebra, stretching across Subsaharan Africa from Senegal in the west to Kenya and Tanzania in the east. Chromosomal data for an Algerian sample documented by Filippucci et al. (1986). Fragments identified as L. barbarus are reported from middle Pleistocene sediments at Jebel Irhoud in Morocco (Amani and Geraads, 1993).	Barbary Lemniscomys
13001408	Lemniscomys bellieri	Van der Straeten 1975	SPECIES			bellieri		Lemniscomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Rev. Zool. Afr. vol.89 p.906			Guinea and Doka woodland of C Guinea (Ziegler et al., 2002), Côte dIvoire and Ghana (Van der Straeten, 1975); possibly occurs in Sierra Leone (Grubb et al., 1998).	IUCN  Data Deficient.	Part of the murine fauna endemic to West Africa (see account of Grammomys buntingi). Karyological and morphometric comparisons between L. bellieri and L. striatus reported by Van der Straeten and Verheyen (1978a). A relative of L. macculus, according to Van der Straeten (1975), who also recorded chromosomal information (Van der Straeten, 1977b); Matthey (1954) and Tranier and Gautun (1979) provided additional chromosomal data. This close morphological alliance between L. bellieri and L. macculus is supported by analyses of mitochondrial gene sequences (cytochrome b, 12S and 16S rRNA gene fragments) by Ducroz et al. (2001), who also noted the weak molecular differentiation between them to be less than between their geographic samples of L. striatus, suggesting bellieri and macculus to represent a single species.	Belliers Lemniscomys
13001409	Lemniscomys griselda	Thomas 1904	SPECIES			griselda		Lemniscomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.13 p.414			Known only from Angola as the species is currently defined; Crawford-Cabral (1998) reviewed and mapped Angolan records and thought the range may extend into Dem. Rep. Congo and Zambia. Because there is currently no unambiguous morphological, chromosomal, or molecular definition of L. griselda, its geographic distribution is impossible to define.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Morphometrically related to L. rosalia, L. roseveari, and L. linulus (Van der Straeten (1980a, b). Before Van der Straeten (1980b) described roseveari and removed rosalia from L. griselda, that species was considered to have a wide distribution extending from Angola through southern Africa and up E Africa to S Kenya. Results of Van der Straetens (1980b) multivariate analyses of craniodental measurements produced three slightly overlapping clusters of samples. Specimens from Balovale, Zambia, were described as L. roseveari; most population samples representing several described subspecies formed another cluster, which was identified as L. rosalia; and the third group represented L. griselda. No qualitative traits were used to distinguish the three. Furthermore, except for L. roseveari, geographic ranges of the other two species were not outlined. We have examined large series of spe... [truncated]	Griseldas Lemniscomys
13001410	Lemniscomys hoogstraali	Dieterlen 1991	SPECIES			hoogstraali		Lemniscomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Bonn. Zool. Beitr. vol.42 p.11			Recorded only from the type locality.	IUCN  Data Deficient.	Still known only by the holotype. A member of the Lemniscomys barbarus group. Dieterlen (1991) summarized knowledge of this species, and Carleton and Van der Straeten (1997) provided a current review. Its diagnostic dorsal pattern of stripes and large body size relative to L. zebra, which occurs all around it, prompted Carleton and Van der Straeten (1997:667) to retain L. hoogstraali as a distinct species, but they cautioned that "More and larger series must be assembled to rigorously evaluate the characters and status of Dieterlens new form, so far known only by the holotype, its condition imperfect."	Hoogstraals Lemniscomys
13001411	Lemniscomys linulus	Thomas 1910	SPECIES			linulus		Lemniscomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.6 p.429			Sudan savanna and forest clearings in Senegal and Côte dIvoire (Van der Straeten, 1980a); may also occur in Gambia and Ghana (Grubb et al., 1998).	IUCN  Data Deficient.	Once treated as a subspecies of L. griselda (G. M. Allen, 1939), but now considered a separate West African species morphologically related to L. griselda (Van der Straeten, 1980a). Member of murine assemblage endemic to West Africa (see account of Grammomys buntingi).	Senegal Lemniscomys
13001412	Lemniscomys macculus	Thomas and Wroughton 1910	SPECIES			macculus		Lemniscomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.19 p.515		akka  (Thomas, 1915).	Recorded from Savannahs of NE Dem. Rep. Congo, S Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda, and Kenya; limits unknown.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Van der Straeten and Verheyen (1979a). The species is often confused with L. striatus, but occurs sympatric with it in East Africa (Hollister, 1919) and Ethiopia (Yalden et al., 1996). Bulatova et al. (2002) recorded 2n = 56, FN = 60 for an Ethiopian sample. Considered very close to L. bellieri in morphological and molecular characters and possibly conspecific with it (Ducroz et al., 2001; see account of L. bellieri).	Buffoon Lemniscomys
13001413	Lemniscomys mittendorfi	Eisentraut 1968	SPECIES			mittendorfi		Lemniscomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Bonn. Zool. Beitr. vol.19 p.7			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN  Endangered.	Described as a subspecies of L. striatus, included in that species by Misonne (1974), but treated as separate by Van der Straeten and Verheyen (1980), who also suggested it has morphometric affinities with L. macculus and L. bellieri. Fülling (1992) contrasted samples of L. mittendorfi and L. striatus and documented differences in morphology of palatal ridges and karyotype (2n = 56, FN = 66-72 for L. mittendorfi; 2n = 44, FN = 72 for L. striatus). Eisentraut (1973) discussed the species and L. striatus in the context of a monograph of the West African fauna, in which he provided a color plate contrasting upperparts of L. striatus and L. mittendorfi. In addition to L. mittendorfi, other Mt Oku endemics are the muroid rodents Hylomyscus grandis, Lamottemys okuensis, and Lophuromys dieterleni and the golden mole Chrysochloris basaci.	Mittendorfs Lemniscomys
13001414	Lemniscomys rosalia	Thomas 1904	SPECIES			rosalia		Lemniscomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.13 p.414		calidior  (Thomas and Wroughton, 1908); dorsalis (Smith, 1845) [not Fischer, 1814]; fitzsimonsi Roberts, 1915; maculosus (Osgood, 1910); mearnsi Heller, 1914; phaeotis (Thomas, 1910); sabiensis Roberts, 1946; sabulatus Thomas, 1927; spinalis Thomas, 1916 [replacement for dorsalis A. Smith, 1845, preoccupied by dorsalis G. Fischer, 1814]; zuluensis Roberts, 1931.	N Namibia, South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal, Mpumalanga, Limpopo, and North West provinces; de Graaff, 1997d; Taylor, 1998), E Swaziland, Zimbabwe, C and N Botswana, Mozambique, Zambia, Malawi, Tanzania, and S Kenya; range inadequately resolved.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Once included in L. griselda (G. M. Allen, 1939), but now considered a distinct species most closely related to L. griselda and L. roseveari (Van der Straeten, 1980b); see account of L. griselda. Karyotype (2n = 54, FN = 64) for samples from NE Tanzania reported by Fadda et al. (2001b). Populations in Southern African Subregion reviewed by de Graaff (1997d).	Single-Striped Lemniscomys
13001415	Lemniscomys roseveari	Van der Straeten 1980	SPECIES			roseveari		Lemniscomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Cape Prov. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.13 5 p.55			Known only from the type locality and Solwezi in Zambia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Morphometrically most closely related to L. rosalia and L. griselda (Van der Straeten, 1980b); see account of L. griselda.	Rosevears Lemniscomys
13001416	Lemniscomys striatus	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			striatus		Lemniscomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.62		ardens  (Thomas, 1910); dieterleni Van der Straeten, 1976; fasciatus (Wroughton, 1906); luluae Matschie, 1926; lynesi Thomas and Hinton, 1923; massaicus (Pagenstecher, 1885); micropus (Heller, 1911); orientalis (Desmarest, 1819) [not Cretzschmar, 1826]; pulchella (Gray, 1864); pulcher (Wroughton, 1906); spermophilus Heller, 1912; venustus (Thomas, 1911); versustus (Thomas, 1911); wroughtoni (Thomas, 1910).	From Guinea (Ziegler et al., 2002), Sierra Leone and Ghana (Grubb et al., 1998), and Burkina Faso west to Ethiopia (Yalden et al, 1996), and south into N Angola (Crawford-Cabral, 1998) and through Kenya (Hollister, 1919), Uganda (Delany, 1975), Rwanda, E Dem. Rep. Congo, and Tanzania (Swynnerton and Hayman, 1951; Grimshaw et al., 1995, reviewed Mt Kilimanjaro records) into NE Zambia (Ansell, 1978) and N Malawi (Ansell and Dowsett, 1988).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Van der Straeten and Verheyen (1980). Carleton and Van der Straeten (1997) discussed and identified the holotype of Linnaeuss Mus striatus. Chromosomal information reported by Matthey (1959), Van der Straeten (1977b), and Van der Straeten and Verheyen (1979a). Van der Straeten (1976a) described dieterleni as a distinctive subspecies of L. striatus occurring in the Lake Kivu region of E Dem. Rep. Congo. He (1981) also documented the identity of venustus as representing a population of L. striatus. Morphology of palatal ridges and karyotypes contrasted with L. mittendorfi by Fülling (1992); see account of L. mittendorfi. Ecological and other data for populations from S Ghana reported by Ryan and Attuquayefio (2000) and Decher and Bahian (1999). Hutterer et al. (1992a) noted that L. striatus is common in Nigeria and Cameroon. Kerbis Peterhans et al. (1998) reviewed altitudinal distribution on ... [truncated]	Typical Lemniscomys
13001417	Lemniscomys zebra	Heuglin 1864	SPECIES			zebra		Lemniscomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Beit. Zool. Cent.Afrikas Leopoldina vol.31 p.10		albolineatus  (Osgood, 1910); convictus (Osgood, 1910); dunni (Thomas, 1903); manteufeli Matschie, 1911; nigeriae (Thomas, 1912); nubalis Thomas and Hinton, 1923; olga Thomas and Hinton, 1921; orientalis Hatt, 1935 [not Desmarest, 1819]; oweni Thomas, 1911; spekei (De Winton, 1897).	"Grassy woodlands and savannas south of the Sahara Desert, from Senegal in the west to southern Sudan in the east, southwards through northeastern-most Zaire [Dem. Rep. Congo], northern Uganda and western Kenya, to northcentral Tanzania;" sea level to 1220 m (Carleton and Van der Straeten, 1997:669). Not yet documented from Ethiopia, although the species probably occurs in the W region of that country (Carleton and Van der Straeten, 1997).	IUCN  Least Concern.	A member, along with L. barbarus and L. hoogstraali, of the L. barbarus group. Results of morphometric analyses by Carleton and Van der Straeten (1997) distinguished this species from L. barbarus, which is endemic to the Barbarian province (Maghreb) of Northwest Africa. See their comprehensive revision for details of taxonomy, geographic distribution, geographic character variation, and selection of a lectotype (p. 669). Karyotypes documented (usually as L. barbarus) from several geographic samples (Fadda et al., 2001b, NE Tanzania; Gautun et al., 1986, Burkina Faso; Dobigny et al., 2002b, Niger; Matthey, 1954, Côte dIvoire; Van der Straeten, in Carleton and Van der Straeten, 1997, Cameroon), all of which have the same diploid number as L. barbarus (2n = 54). Grubb et al. (1998) reviewed populations from Ghana and Gambia. Morphometric and ecological data for sample from S Ghana recorded by Ryan and Attuquayefio (2000, as barba... [truncated]	Heuglins Lemniscomys
13001418	Lenomys	Thomas 1898	GENUS					Lenomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.14 p.409	Mus meyeri Jentink, 1879.				PithecheirDivision. A Sulawesi endemic reviewed by Musser (1970d, 1981c, 1984). Tate (1936), followed by Simpson (1945), listed Lenomys as a member of the Phloeomyinae along with Coryphomys, Chiruromys, Pogonomys, Mallomys, Phloeomys, Chiropodomys, and Crateromys, but no evidence supports this arrangement (Ellerman, 1949a; our studies). External, cranial, and spermatozoal traits tied Lenomys phylogenetically close to Eropeplus, another Sulawesian endemic (Breed and Musser, 1991; Musser, 1981c). Both genera may be most closely allied to the Sundaic Lenothrix and Pithecheir (Mussers unpublished research), an alliance already suggested by Misonne (1969) based on molar occlusal patterns. Lenomys and Eropeplus were placed in a Pithecheir Section of a larger Micromys Group by Pavlinov et al. (1995a). Reviewed by Musser (1981c).	
13001419	Lenomys meyeri	Jentink 1879	SPECIES			meyeri		Lenomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Notes Leyden Mus. vol.1 p.12		lampo Tate and Archbold, 1935; longicaudus Miller and Hollister, 1921.	Recorded only from N, C, and SW Sulawesi.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Represented by a small extant series from the N peninsula and C core, and by both modern specimens and subfossils from the SW peninsula of Sulawesi (Musser, 1970d; 1984). A second undescribed species is known from a subfossil fragment collected in the SW arm of Sulawesi (Musser and Holden, 1991; Musser, ms). Flannery (1995b) identified a large-bodied rat, with shaggy pelage and long bicolored tail, from Pulau Sangir (off coast of NE peninsular tip of Sulawesi) as Lenomys meyeri, but the specimen represents an undescribed species related to mainland Rattus xanthurus (Musser, ms); Lenomys has yet to be collected on any island off the coast of Sulawesi.	Meyers Lenomys
13001420	Lenothrix	Miller 1903	GENUS					Lenothrix	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. vol.26 1317 p.466	Lenothrix canus Miller, 1903.				PithecheirDivision. Chromosomal and biochemical data suggested a close phylogenetic link between Lenothrix and Niviventer (Chan et al., 1979), and a high divergence from species of Maxomys, which were once placed in Lenothrix (Gadi and Sharma, 1983). In its cranial and dental morphology, Lenothrix is unlike any species in those genera; derived molar occlusal patterns are much like those in Pithecheir and Lenomys (Chaimanee, 1998; Misonne, 1969; Musser and Newcomb, 1983), but spermatozoal conformation is highly divergent from any Sundaic murine. In sum, Lenothrix is a Sundaic endemic characterized by many primitive external, cranial, dental, and chromosomal features and a few derived dental and spermatozoal traits; despite several claims, its phylogenetic relationships still require illumination (see discussions in Chaimanee, 1998; Breed and Yong, 1986; Musser, 1981a, b, c; Musser and Newcomb, 1983). Its... [truncated]	
13001421	Lenothrix canus	Miller 1903	SPECIES			canus		Lenothrix	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. vol.26 1317 p.466		malaisia  (Kloss, 1931).	Malay Peninsula, Penang Isl, Tuangku Isl, and Borneo (Sarawak, Sabah, and SW Kalimantan); Musser (1981a) and references cited below.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Historical allocations of canus to species-clusters now defined as Rattus, Diplothrix, or Maxomys, as well as comparisons between L. canus and other Sundaic endemics documented by Musser (1981a, b) and Musser and Newcomb (1983). It is an arboreal species occupying lowland and foothill secondary and primary forests on the Malay Peninsula (Muul and Lim, 1971), and has been taken at 550 m on the slopes of Mt Kinabalu in Sabah (Md Nor, 2001). The Kalimantan record, from Gunung Palung National Park, was noted by Blundell (1996:258) and verified by A. J. Gorog (pers. comm.), who examined the specimen.	Sundaic Lenothrix
13500321	Sylvilagus brasiliensis subsp. surdaster	Thomas 1901	SUBSPECIES		surdaster	brasiliensis	Tapeti	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha						Part of a group of subspecies found south of Isthmus of Panama	
13001422	Leopoldamys	Ellerman 1947-1948 "1947"	GENUS					Leopoldamys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1947-1948 117 p.267	Mus sabanus Thomas, 1887.				<p>Dacnomys Division. Definition and contrasts with Rattus and Niviventer provided by Musser (1981b), who also reviewed morphological, chromosomal, and distributional characteristics. Additional chromosomal data for Vietnam samples provided by Bulatova et al. (1992). Leopoldamys is dentally similar to Berylmys, Maxomys, and Niviventer. Sperm morphology unites Leopoldamys with Berylmys, Sundamys, and Rattus (Breed and Yong, 1986), but alliance is based on shared spermatozoal form that is likely primitive. Chromosomal traits suggested Leopoldamys is more closely related to Bandicota, Berylmys, Nesokia, Rattus, and Sundamys, than to Lenothrix, Maxomys, or Niviventer (Gadi and Sharma, 1983). Best estimates of relationships are derived from molecular and morphological sources. Allozymic and morphological data clearly separates Leopoldam... [truncated]	
13001423	Leopoldamys ciliatus	Bonhote 1900	SPECIES			ciliatus		Leopoldamys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1900 p.879		Originally described as a species of Mus  and associated with M. edwardsi by Bonhote (1900; see history in Yong, 1970), ciliatus was subsequently arranged as a subspecies of edwardsi, whether associated with Rattus or Leopoldamys (Chasen, 1940; Corbet and Hill, 1992; Ellerman, 1941; Musser, 1981b; Musser and Carleton, 1993; Osgood, 1932). Morphological, ecological, behavioral, reproductive, chromosomal, and genic contrasts between Malayan L. ciliatus (as edwardsi) and L. sabanus documented by Yong (1970). The two species occur altitudinally parapatric on the Peninsula, but have been taken at the same place in the Sumatran highlands (Miller, 1942; he recorded three specimens, all identified as setiger [= L. ciliatus], but only ANSP 20354 is that species, the other two being L. sabanus [ANSP 20352, 20353]; Mussers identifications). Uniting Sumatran populations (setiger) with those on Malay Peninsula within the same species requires testing by analyses of multi-trait morphological data and molecular sequences.	Montane forest formations on Malay Peninsula (usually above 1000 m; Medway, 1969; Yong, 1970) and mountain backbone of Sumatra (usually above 1000 m; Chasen, 1940; Robinson and Kloss, 1916; Miller, 1942); range also derived from study of specimens in ANSP, AMNH, BMNH, RMBR, RMNH, and USNM.	setiger (Robinson and Kloss, 1916).		Sundaic Mountain Leopoldamys
13001424	Leopoldamys edwardsi	Thomas 1882	SPECIES			edwardsi		Leopoldamys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1882 p.587		garonum  (Thomas, 1921); gigas (Satunin, 1903); hainanensis (Xu and Yu, 1985); listeri (Thomas, 1916); melli (Matschie, 1922).	NW India (W Bengal, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, and Nagaland; Agrawal, 2000; Ellerman, 1961); N Burma (Anthony, 1941; Ellerman, 1961), S and C China (to S Anhui, including Hainan Isl; G. M. Allen [1940] Liu et al. [1985], Wang [2003],Wu et al. [1996]), N Laos (Ellerman, 1961; Osgood, 1932), N and C Vietnam (Dang et al., 1994; Lunde et al., 2003b; Osgood, 1932), and isolated montane population in N Thailand (Phu Kadeung Plateau, Loei Province; J. T. Marshall, Jr., 1977a). Range (excluding ciliatus and milleti) mostly extracted from Musser (1981b), Corbet and Hill (1992), and specimens examined in AMNH, BMNH, FMNH, IEBR, MVZ, RMBR, and USNM.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>Requires taxonomic revision. Association of the synonyms with L. edwardsi essentially derives from Osgoods (1932:311) suggestion, which has yet to be tested by careful systematic study. Osgood included the Malayan and Sumatran ciliatus (including setiger), along with the S Vietnam milleti, as forms of L. edwardsi, but we list them as separate species. In addition to the synonyms assembled by Osgood (1932) and Musser (1981b), Xu and Yu (1985) described hainanensis from Hainan Isl. Those specimens have significantly smaller external, cranial, and dental measurements than characterize other samples of L. edwardsi and if adults may represent a separate species. Phallic morphology described by Yang and Fang (1988) in context of assessing phylogenetic relationships among Chinese murines. Ecological relationships with species of Bandicota, Mus, Maxomys, Niviventer, and Rattus in S Yunnan reported by... [truncated]	Edwards Leopoldamys
13001425	Leopoldamys milleti	Robinson and Kloss 1922	SPECIES			milleti		Leopoldamys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.9 p.94			Documented only from the Langbian highlands in the Dà Lat region; limits unresolved.		Originally described as "a remarkably distinct race" of Rattus edwardsi (Robinson and Kloss, 1922:94) and retained as such whether edwardsi was associated with Rattus or Leopoldamys (Corbet and Hill, 1992; Ellerman, 1941; Musser, 1981b; Musser and Carleton, 1993; Osgood, 1932). The few representatives of milleti, however, contrast with L. edwardsi by their very dark dorsal pelage and larger bullae. Robinson and Kloss (1922:94) noted that color and pelage texture of the holotype "suggested relationship with the bowersi [= Berylmys] group of rats," and a recently trapped specimen was initially identified by the collector as a possible new species of Berylmys (examined by Musser). Recognizing milleti as a species highlights its distinctive morphology and zoogeographic distribution. The nature of its relationship to the northern Leopoldamys edwards and Sundaic L. ciliatus requires resolution b... [truncated]	Millets Leopoldamys
13001426	Leopoldamys neilli	J. T. Marshall, Jr. 1976	SPECIES			neilli		Leopoldamys	Muridae	Rodentia	Family Muridae: rats and mice [Privately printed by Government Printing Office, Bangkok] p.485			N and SW Thailand north of the peninsular region (J. T. Marshall, Jr.,1977a; study of specimens in AMNH, BMNH, and USNM); limits unresolved (may also occur in adjacent Burma and Vietnam).	IUCN  Endangered.	Documented by few specimens: three samples are from wooded limestone cliffs in Saraburi Province and adjacent Kanchanaburi Province in the southwest (J. T. Marshall, Jr., 1977a; specimens in AMNH and USNM), one comes from lowland bamboo forest in a different part of Kanchanaburi Province (Wiles, 1981), and a fourth consists of owl pellet fragments collected in Loei Province in the north (BMNH 94.374). Phylogenetic relationship of L. neilli to other extant members of Leopoldamys requires resolution by systematic revision employing morphological and molecular data. See Musser (1981b:237) for discussion of original publication.	Neills Leopoldamys
13001462	Margaretamys elegans	Musser 1981	SPECIES			elegans		Margaretamys	Muridae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.168 p.286			Originally recorded only from 1600-2285 m in montane rain forest on Gunung Nokilalaki, but a specimen (AMNH 267763) was obtained from farther south in the Mamasa Area (02<sup>o</sup>56'S/119<sup>o</sup>22'E) of C Sulawesi. Probably occurs on mountains elsewhere in C core of the island.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	The largest in body size of the three species and the most squirrel-like in habitus.	Elegant Margaretamys
13500322	Sylvilagus brasiliensis subsp. tapetillus	Thomas 1913	SUBSPECIES		tapetillus	brasiliensis	Tapeti	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha						Part of a group of subspecies found south of Isthmus of Panama	
13001427	Leopoldamys sabanus	Thomas 1887	SPECIES			sabanus		Leopoldamys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5 vol.20 p.269		balae  (Miller, 1903); bunguranensis (Chasen, 1935); clarae (Miller, 1913) [not Rümmler, 1935]; dictatorius (Chasen, 1940); fremens (Miller, 1902s); heptneri (Dao, 1961), herberti (Kloss, 1916); insularum (Miller, 1913); lancavensis (Miller, 1900); lucas (Miller, 1903); luta (Miller, 1913); macrourus (Jentink, 1879); mansalaris (Lyon, 1916); masae (Miller, 1903); matthaeus (Miller, 1903); mayapahit (Robinson and Kloss, 1919); nasutus (Lyon, 1911); revertens (Robinson and Kloss, 1922); salanga (Chasen, 1940); stentor (Miller, 1913); strepitans (Miller, 1900); stridens (Miller, 1903); stridulus (Miller, 1903); tapanulius (Lyon, 1916); tersus (Thomas and Wroughton, 1909); tuancus (Lyon, 1916); ululans (Robinson and Kloss, 1916); vociferans (Miller, 1900).	SE Bangladesh (Chittagong Hill Tracts, AMNH 251694), Thailand (J. T. Marshall, Jr., 1977a; Robinson et al., 1995), Vietnam from the north in Tuyên Quang Province to the south in Ninh Thuân Province (Dang et al., 1994; Osgood, 1932; Van Peenen et al., 1969; and four islands off the coast; Kuznetsov, 2000), Laos (Aplin et al., 2003c; Osgood, 1932; Smith et al., In Press; Van Peenen et al., 1969), S and SW Cambodia (Elephant Mtns, specimens in FMNH; Cardamom Mtns, A. Smith, in litt.), S Burma and most islands in Mergui Arch., Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and smaller islands on the Sunda Shelf except Bali; northern limits unresolved. Range mostly extracted from Musser (1981c), Corbet and Hill (1992), and study of museum specimens in AMNH, BMNH, FMNH, IEBR, MVZ, MZB, RMBR, RMNH, and USNM.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Appreciable morphological variation exists between samples from north and south of Isthmus of Kra, and among insular samples from the Sunda Shelf; systematic revision using a suite of morphological traits and molecular data is required to assess whether variation is characteristic of one or several species (Musser, 1981b). Recent phylogenetic analyses of mtDNA cytochrome b sequences by Gorog et al. (2004) identified separate lineages, each from Borneo, Sumatra, and the Malay Peninsula forming an unresolved trichotomy, and a Vietnam cluster basal to that trichotomy consisting of a paraphyletic pattern of Vietnamese L. sabanus and L. edwardsi. Gorog et al. (2004) suggested that L. sabanus evolved on the Indochinese mainland and the vicariance patterns revealed by molecular analyses ". . . likely have their roots in the Pliocene fragmentation of the Sunda block. . ." rather than widespread dispersal across the late Pleistocene Sunda Shelf and subsequent ... [truncated]	Indomalayan Leopoldamys
13001428	Leopoldamys siporanus	Thomas 1895	SPECIES			siporanus		Leopoldamys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova vol.34 p.11		soccatus (Miller, 1903).	Endemic to Mentawai Arch.; islands of Siberut, Sipora, North Pagai, and South Pagai.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Originally described as a species, subsequently recognized as such by Ellerman (1941), but later treated as a subspecies of either Rattus sabanus (Chasen, 1940) or R. edwardsi (Ellerman, 1961). In its morphology, L. siporanus is distinct from either of those species. Where it fits within the web of phylogenetic relationships among species of Leopoldamys has yet to be determined. Leopoldamys siporanus might be closely allied to one of the extant species, but because evolutionary history of the genus is documented back to late Pliocene in Indochina (Chaimanee, 1998), L. siporanus might represent an early lineage isolated in the Mentawai Arch. and within a phylogenetic pattern of relationships. Systematic revision of Leopoldamys using a suite of morphological character sets along with molecular data would be revealing. Leopoldamys siporanus joins Maxomys pagensis, Chiropodomys karlkoopmani, Rattus lugens, Iomy... [truncated]	Mentawai Archipelago Leopoldamys
13001429	Leporillus	Thomas 1906	GENUS					Leporillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.17 p.83	Hapalotis apicalis Gould, 1853.				PseudomysDivision. Member of the Australian Old Endemics (Musser, 1981c:167), which includes the Conilurini where Baverstock (1984) listed Leporillus. Conilurines, however, are currently treated as part of a larger clade, the Hydromyini, which also includes members we place in the Hydromys, Xeromys, Pseudomys, and Uromys Divisions (the "Australasian clade" of Watts and Baverstock, 1994a, 1995b, 1996). Mahoney and Richardson (1988) cataloged taxonomic, distributional, and biological references. Species of Leporillus are the ecological and superficially morphological counterparts of North American woodrats (Neotoma). Australian researchers are now surveying stick-rat middens and gathering megafossils and pollen to use in assessing environmental history and human impact in Australian deserts, just as North American woodrat middens have been studied for the same reason (Pearson, 1999; Pearson and Dodson, 1993). Pe... [truncated]	
13001430	Leporillus apicalis	Gould 1853	SPECIES			apicalis		Leporillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1853 p.126			Australia: once found in S Northern Territory, C and S Western Australia, South Australia, and western parts of New South Wales and Victoria, but now presumed to be extinct; extent of former range indicated by specimens caught in late 1800s and early 1900s and distribution of empty stick nests (Mahoney and Richardson, 1988:159; Robinson, 1995a:558; Robinson et al., 2000; Watts and Aslin, 1981:152; Williams, 1995b).	IUCN  Extinct (but see comments below).	The last specimen of L. apicalis was collected near Mt Crombie in 1933, but there are recent reports from Western Australia of stick nests in caves with fresh green vegetation woven into their structure, a tantalizing sign that the species may not be extinct (Robinson, 1995a). Former distribution, along with detailed ecological information, summarized by Copley (1999).	Lesser Stick-nest Rat
13001431	Leporillus conditor	Sturt 1848	SPECIES			conditor		Leporillus	Muridae	Rodentia	Narr. Exped. C. Aust. vol.1 p.120		jonesi Thomas, 1921.	Australia; once ranged on mainland from lower Darling River to Nullarbor Plain in New South Wales, probably NW Victoria, South Australia, and SE corner of Western Australia, and presumed to be extinct; living population on Franklin Isl in Nuyt's Arch. of W South Australia (Mahoney and Richardson, 1988:160; Robinson et al., 2000; Watts and Aslin, 1981:147; Williams, 1995c); rats from a captive breeding program have been released onto Reevesby, Salutation, and St. Peter Isls in S Australia (Robinson, 1995b). Former distribution and detailed ecological information summarized by Copley (1999).	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Endangered.	Phylogenetic significance of spermatozoal morphology reported by Breed and Sarafis (1978) and Breed (1997); chromosomal morphology described by Baverstock et al. (1977c). Electrophoretic data indicated L. conditor is phylogenetically closely allied to Pseudomys (Baverstock et al., 1981), but information from analyses of phallic and dental morphology placed L. conditor in same monophyletic groups as Conilurus and Mesembriomys, to the exclusion of Pseudomys (Lidicker and Brylski, 1987; Misonne, 1969). Ellis (1995a) reviewed distribution of L. conditor in the Mootwingee National Park of W New South Wales based on historical records and subfossils. Reviewed by Watts and Aslin (1981) and Robinson (1995b).	Greater Stick-nest Rat
13001463	Margaretamys parvus	Musser 1981	SPECIES			parvus		Margaretamys	Muridae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.168 p.294			Known only from 1830-2286 m in montane rain forest on Gunung Nokilalaki, but probably occurs elsewhere in mountainous C Sulawesi.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	The smallest of the three species and the most divergent in cranial and dental traits.	Lesser Margaretamys
13001432	Leptomys	Thomas 1897	GENUS					Leptomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova vol.18 p.610	Leptomys elegans Thomas, 1897.				<p>XeromysDivision. Member of the New Guinea Old Endemics (Musser, 1981c). Microcomplement fixation of albumin studies (Watts and Baverstock, 1994a, 1995b, 1996) and spermatozoal morphology (Breed, 1997; Breed and Aplin, 1994) support membership of Leptomys in a larger clade containing members of our Hydromys, Xeromys, Pseudomys, and Uromys Divisions (the "Australasian clade" of Watts and Baverstock, 1995b, 1996), excluding the New Guinea endemics in the Pogonomys Division (Anisomyini of Watts and Baverstock, 1994a) and Lorenztimys Division. A derived cephalic arterial pattern, along with other morphological features, is shared by Leptomys, Pseudohydromys (which includes Mayermys and Neohydromys), and Lorentzimys (Musser and Heaney, 1992). Certain phallic traits (Lidicker and Brylski, 1987), also united Leptomys and Lorentzimys, but that ass... [truncated]	
13001433	Leptomys elegans	Thomas 1897	SPECIES			elegans		Leptomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova vol.18 p.610			Papua New Guinea; known only by specimens from area of Mount Sisa below 1200 m (Dwyer, 1984) and the Kikori River Basin at 450 m (Leary and Seri, 1997) in Southern Highlands Province, the Wharton Range at 1253 m and Astrolabe Range at 410-520 m (near and northwest of Port Morseby), and Mt Dayman at 700 m in the Manau Range; limits unknown (Flannery, 1995a). Flannery (1995a) also recorded three specimens collected at 800 m on Mount Victory in Oro Province in the E peninsula.	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Poorly represented in museum collections. Leary and Seri (1997) collected three from the Kikori River Basin in S Papua, one from 450 m, the other from 1280-1300 m. They grumbled about Musser and Carletons (1993) reference to original published descriptions as a revision of Leptomys and that these primary literature sources were unclear in distinguishing L. elegans from L. ernstmayri, but were still able to determine their three specimens to be the stockier species as Flannery (1995a) and Rümmler (1938) had described L. elegans. Cole et al. (1997) obtained Leptomys from the E flank of Mt Dayman in E Papua and interestingly had no problem separating their specimens as different from L. elegans using the primary literature referenced by Musser and Carleton (1993).	Elegant Leptomys
13001434	Leptomys ernstmayri	Rummler 1932	SPECIES			ernstmayri		Leptomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Das Aquarium vol.6 p.134			Papua New Guinea (above 1500 m in Astrolabe Range west to Kratke Mtns and Purosa region in Eastern Highlands Province, then northeast to mountains on Huon Peninsula; probably occurs farther west in Papuan Central Cordillera, but limits unknown); Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya; Arfak Mtns only, Rümmler, 1932, 1938; limits unknown). Reviewed by Flannery (1995a) and Musser and Lunde (in ms.).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	A distinctive species distinguished from L. elegans by the diagnostic morphological traits and altitudinal distributions that were carefully enumerated by Rümmler (1932). It is much smaller in body size and replaces L. elegans at high altitudes in tropical montane rainforest formations; in the Astrolabe Range, for example, L. ernstmayri displaces L. elegans at elevations above 1000 m (Musser and Lunde, in ms.). Usually misidentified as L. elegans in museum collections. The sample from Arfak Mtns may represent a separate undescribed species (K. Helgen, in litt., 2004).	Ernst Mayrs Leptomys
13001435	Leptomys signatus	Tate and Archbold 1938	SPECIES			signatus		Leptomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.982 p.2			Known only from the type locality along lower Fly River; limits unknown.	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	The diagnostic traits Tate and Archbold (1938) used to separate this species from the other two (short, dense fur and gray upperparts with a white blaze on forehead) identify a lowland population of Leptomys that shows no morphological intergradation with samples of the other three species of Leptomys (Musser and Lunde, ms). Leptomys signatus is still known only by the four examples in the type series.	Fly River Leptomys
13001436	Limnomys	Mearns 1905	GENUS					Limnomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. vol.28 p.451	Limnomys sibuanus Mearns, 1905.				RattusDivision. Taxonomic history and past erroneous association with Rattus reviewed by Musser (1977b), and Musser and Heaney (1992). Revised by Musser and Heaney (1992), who considered Limnomys a montane forest member of the Philippine New Endemics. Phylogenetic analyses of complete mtDNA cytochrome b sequences for 13 of the 16 genera of endemic Philippine rodents indicates that species of Limnomys are sister-taxa to Tarsomys, and in a clade containing species of Rattus everetti and Bullimus (Jansa and Heaney, 2001), which are also New Endemics. This alliance along with membership in the Rattus Division corroborated by chromosomal data (Rickart and Heaney, 2002).	
13001437	Limnomys bryophilus	Rickart, Heaney, and Tabaranza 2003	SPECIES			bryophilus		Limnomys	Muridae	Rodentia	J. Mammal. vol.84 4 p.1445			Greater Mindanao Faunal Region in the Philippines. Recorded only from Mt Kitanglad Range between 2250 and 2800 m primary tropical upper montane rainfores and transition between upper and lower montane forest; may occur elsewhere in montane forests on Mindanao (Rickart et al.,2003).		A larger-bodied, longer-tailed close phylogenetic ally of L. sibuanus with grayish rather than white underparts. The latter occurs in lower montane forest on the Mt Kitanglad Range, is replaced at higher elevations by L. bryophilus, but the two are sympatric at the type locality (Rickart et al.,2003). Karyotype indistinguishable from that of L. sibuanus (Rickart and Heaney, 2002).	Gray-bellied Limnomys
13001438	Limnomys sibuanus	Mearns 1905	SPECIES			sibuanus		Limnomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. vol.28 p.452		mearnsi Hollister, 1913.	Greater Mindanao Faunal Region in the Philippines. Endemic to Mindanao Isl between 1900 and 2800 m in primary tropical lower and upper montane rainforest (recorded from Mt Apo, Mt Malindang, and Mt Katanglad; Musser and Heaney, 1992; Musser, 1994; Heaney, 2001).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Standard karyotype (2n = 42, FN = 61/62) described by Rickart and Heaney (2002). See account of L. bryophilus.	White-bellied Limnomys
13500323	Sylvilagus brasiliensis subsp. gabbi	J. Allen 1877	SUBSPECIES		gabbi	brasiliensis	Tapeti	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha						Part of a group of subspecies found north of Isthmus of Panama	
13001439	Lorentzimys	Jentink 1911	GENUS					Lorentzimys	Muridae	Rodentia	Nova Guinea vol.9 p.166	Lorentzimys nouhuysi Jentink, 1911.				LorentzimysDivision. Member of the New Guinea Old Endemics (Musser, 1981c). Past estimates of cladistic affinities ranged from enigmatic (Misonne, 1969) to alliance with either Leggadina (Simpson, 1961) or Haeromys (Ellerman, 1941). Analyses of phallic traits (Lidicker and Brylski, 1987) indicated that Lorentzimys and Leptomys are related, a hypothesis also supported by molar occlusal patterns and a shared derived cephalic arterial configuration (Mussers study of material in AMNH). Analysis of immunological distances by Watts and Baverstock (1994a, 1996), however, isolated Lorentzimys in its own clade to the exclusion of the other New Guinea and Australian genera sampled, which included Leggadina and Leptomys. Lorentizimys remains a New Guinea endemic whose closest phylogenetic alliance has yet to be uncovered.	
13001440	Lorentzimys nouhuysi	Jentink 1911	SPECIES			nouhuysi		Lorentzimys	Muridae	Rodentia	Nova Guinea vol.9 p.166		alticola Tate and Archbold, 1941.	New Guinea; Records are from S lowlands and middle altitudes, throughout Central Cordillera from N slopes of the Snow Mtns of Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya) in the west to Mt Dayman (Papua New Guinea) in the east, and the Torricelli Mtns (Flannery, 1995a:280); 30-2700 m; limits unknown.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Photograph, distributional and biological information provided by Flannery (1990b:197). Phallic morphology described by Lidicker (1968). Some authors recognized alticola as a species (Lidicker, 1968; Lidicker and Brylski, 1987; Tate, 1951), and Flannery (1995a:280) noted that "alticola differs in a number of ways from the typical form, and further research is needed to determine its true status." Chromosomal data (2n = 46) reported by Donnellan (1987).	Long-footed Tree Mouse
13001441	Macruromys	Stein 1933	GENUS					Macruromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Z. Säugetierk. vol.8 p.94	Macruromys elegans Stein, 1933.				PogonomysDivision. Member of the New Guinea Old Endemics (Musser, 1981c), and most closely related to Chiruromys, Pogonomys, Coccymys, Hyomys, Anisomys, and Mallomys as indicated by analysis of immunological distances (Watts and Baverstock, 1994a). Distributional and biological information summarized by Flannery (1990b; 1995a).	
13001442	Macruromys elegans	Stein 1933	SPECIES			elegans		Macruromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Z. Säugetierk. vol.8 p.95			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Possibly endemic to Weyland Range. Still represented only by the type series, three females and a male collected in October, 1931 (Flannery, 1995a).	Lesser Macruromys
13001443	Macruromys major	Rümmler 1935	SPECIES			major		Macruromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Z. Säugetierk. vol.10 p.105			New Guinea; known from a few mid-altitude localities (1200-1500 m) on N slopes of Snow Mtns in Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya) and Central Cordillera of Papua New Guinea to the Eastern Highlands Province, southeast to Mt. Simpson (Flannery, 1990b; 1995a; Musser and Lunde, ms).	IUCN  Endangered.	Phallic morphology and its systematic significance described by Lidicker (1968). The scanty distributional and ecological information associated with M. major summarized by Flannery (1995a).	Greater Macruromys
13001444	Madromys	Sody 1941	GENUS					Madromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Treubia vol.18 part 2 p.258	Mus blanfordi Thomas, 1881.				MillardiaDivision. After being named a species of Mus, blanfordi was transferred to Rattus and finally to Cremnomys (see comments in following account). To Ellerman (1961:605), blanfordi was a Rattus in subgenus Rattus, but "an aberrant species. . . it stands rather well apart from typical Rattus, and is probably allied to Cremnomys." Misonne (1969:126) studied dental traits and included blanfordi in Cremnomys, but noted that "it could be made as well a genus on its own." Corbet and Hill (1992:349) acknowledged that "The inclusion of blanfordi in Cremnomys is supported by data on chromosomes. . . but is nevertheless very dubious." The extraction of blanfordi from Cremnomys was also supported by Agrawal (2000), who suggested that "blanfordi may be given an independent status as a genus equivalent to Millardia, Cremnomys, and Rattus." We agree. Unfor... [truncated]	
13001445	Madromys blanfordi	Thomas 1881	SPECIES			blanfordi		Madromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5 vol.7 p.24			Endemic to Sri Lanka and Peninsular India, from southern provinces north to Bihar in the east and near Bombay in the west (Agrawal, 2000).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Cremnomys blanfordi.	Described as a species of Mus (Thomas, 1881), then allocated to Rattus (Ellerman, 1941, 1961), blanfordi is phylogenetically distant from any species in that genus and is related to species in Cremnomys, a conclusion based on dental morphology (Misonne, 1969) and chromosomal evidence (Gadi and Sharma, 1983; Raman and Sharma, 1977; Rao and Lakhotia, 1972). See discussion in Madromys above. Chromosomal number and configuration of M. blanfordi very similar to that recorded for C. cutchicus and C. elvira (Raman and Sharma, 1977), but differing in amount of C-band-positive constitutive heterochromatin (Sharma and Gadi, 1977). Ecology and occurrence in Western Ghats of S India documented by Chandrasekar-Rao and Sunquist (1996).	Blanfords Madromys
13001464	Mastacomys	Thomas 1882	GENUS					Mastacomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5 vol.9 p.413	Mastacomys fuscus Thomas, 1882.				PseudomysDivision. Included in Pseudomys by Musser and Carleton (1993), who followed the action of Watts et al. (1992). Mahoney and Richardson (1988) and Happold (1995) maintained Mastacomys separate from Pseudomys. A recently completed DNA sequencing study by F. Ford (James Cook University, Townsville), utilizing several different mitochondrial and nuclear genes, strongly supports the inclusion of fuscus within Pseudomys as currently constituted. The diversity within Pseudomys, however, is such as to warrant recognition of several genera including Mastacomys (F. Ford, in litt., 2004). Mahoney and Richardson (1988) cataloged distributional, taxonomic, and biological references. Member of Australian Old Endemics (Musser, 1981c; Watts and Aslin, 1981).	
13001446	Malacomys	Milne-Edwards 1877	GENUS					Malacomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris, ser. 6 vol.12 p.10	Malacomys longipes Milne-Edwards, 1877.				<p>MalacomysDivision. Study of dental features led Misonne (1969:106) to write that "Malacomys stands apart from all the other African genera by its unusual dental characters. This is an advanced genus which cannot be clearly related to any other one." Malacomys was included in allozymic analyses, which were inconclusive as to detecting its closest relative (Bonhomme et al., 1985). DNA/DNA hybridization experiments (Chevret, 1994) clustered Malacomys longipes as one branch of a trifurcation with the second leading to a "Praomys group" (Praomys + Myomys + Mastomys + Hylomyscus) and the third to a "Mus group" (Mus, including subgenera Pyromys, Nannomys, and Coelomys). External, cranial, and dental traits suggest Malacomys is phylogenetically allied with Praomys, particularly through what appears to be the morphologically annectant P. lukolelae and P. verschureni (our ... [truncated]	
13001447	Malacomys cansdalei	Ansell 1958	SPECIES			cansdalei		Malacomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 13 vol.1 p.342		giganteus  Bellier and Gautun, 1968.	Forest zone of S Ghana, S Côte dIvoire, and E Liberia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Part of the murine fauna endemic to West Africa (see account of Grammomys buntingi). Rautenbach and Schlitter (1978) considered cansdalei a subspecies of M. longipes, but Van der Straeten and Verheyen (1979b) demonstrated its specific distinction. Grubb et al. (1998) reviewed the Ghana population.	Cansdales Malacomys
13001448	Malacomys edwardsi	Rochebrune 1885	SPECIES			edwardsi		Malacomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris, ser. 7 vol.9 p.87			Sierra Leone, Guinea, Liberia, and southern regions of Côte dIvoire, Ghana, and Nigeria.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Member of the murine fauna endemic to West Africa (see account of Grammomys buntingi). Chromosomal data reported by Matthey (1958) and Van der Straeten and Verheyen (1979b). Grubb et al. (1998) reviewed populations from Ghana and Sierra Leone, and Barnett et al. (1996) recorded the species from the Kounounkan Massif in SW Guinea. See Happold (1987) for ecology and distribution in Nigeria.	Edwards Malacomys
13001449	Malacomys longipes	Milne-Edwards 1877	SPECIES			longipes		Malacomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris, ser. 6 vol.12 p.10		australis  Ansell, 1958; centralis De Winton, 1897; wilsoni Thomas, 1916.	From SE Nigeria, C and S Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (including Bioko; Eisentraut, 1965), and Gabon eastward through Republic of Congo, S Central African Republic, Dem. Rep. Congo to S Sudan, Uganda, and Rwanda; also to the south in NW Zambia and NE Angola (Crawford-Cabral, 1998).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Karyotype of sample from Côte dIvoire is 2n = 48, FN = 52 (Fna = 48), with the autosomal complement consisting of all telocentric pairs except for a single pair of small metacentrics, a composition regarded by Viegas-Péquignot et al. (1983) to be close to the presumed ancestral complement for murines. A sample from Gabon exhibits an identical karyotype (Lecompte, 2003).	Common Malacomys
13001450	Mallomys	Thomas 1898	GENUS					Mallomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Novit. Zool. vol.5 p.1	Mallomys rothschildi Thomas, 1898.	Dendrosminthus de Vis, 1907.			PogonomysDivision. Member of the New Guinea Old Endemics (Musser, 1981c). Tate (1936) included Mallomys, along with Chiropodomys, Crateromys, Lenomys, Phloeomys, Chiruromys, and Pogonomys in the Phloeomyinae, an arrangement followed by Simpson (1945), but no data support such an allocation (Ellerman, 1949a; our research). Using microcomplement fixation of albumin, Watts and Baverstock (1994a) placed Mallomys in a clade with Anisomys, Pogonomys, Chiruromys, Coccymys, Hyomys, and Macruromys (their Anisomyini, our Pogonomys Division), but noted that its karyotype (2n = 48) and derived sperm morphology (Breed, 1991) suggest affinities with Hydromys and members of genera we place in the Pseudomys, Xeromys, and Uromys Divisions, which form a clade (their Hydromyini) separate from the New Guinea endemics in the Pogonomys </i... [truncated]	
13001451	Mallomys aroaensis	De Vis 1907	SPECIES			aroaensis		Mallomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Queensl. Mus. vol.7 p.11		hercules Thomas, 1912.	New Guinea; in Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya) in the Arfak Mtns of Vogelkop region and on the S side of the Snow Mtns (Pegunungan Maoke), then throughout the Central Cordillera of Papua New Guinea to Mt Simpson in the east; also highlands of Huon Peninsula; 1100-2700 m (Flannery et al., 1989:95; Flannery, 1995a).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Broadly sympatric with M. rothschildi along the Central Cordillera in Papua New Guinea (Flannery, 1995a). Cole et al. (1997) discussed a specimen obtained on E flanks of Mt Dayman.	De Viss Mallomys
13001452	Mallomys gunung	Flannery, Aplin, and Groves 1989	SPECIES			gunung		Mallomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Rec. Aust. Mus. vol.41 p.101			New Guinea, Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya), Snow Mtns (Pegunungan Maoke); known only from vicinity of the type locality and Mt Carstenz (Flannery et al., 1989:97; Flannery, 1995a:286).	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	A very distinctive species known only by a few specimens collected between 3500 and 4050 m. On the N slopes of the Snow Mtns it is replaced at lower elevations by M. istapantap and M. rothschildi.	Alpine Mallomys
13001453	Mallomys istapantap	Flannery, Aplin, and Groves 1989	SPECIES			istapantap		Mallomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Rec. Aust. Mus. vol.41 p.96			New Guinea; high altitudes along Central Cordillera from Mt Victoria in Owen Stanley Range of E Papua New Guinea to Bele River region in Snow Mtns of Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Recorded from the Snow Mtns (Pegunungan Maoke), where it has been taken on the N slopes at the Bele River and on the S slopes near Tembagapura, and the Central Cordillera in Papua New Guinea from Mt Giluwe in the west to Mt Victoria in the east; 2200-3850 m (Flannery, 1995a:289).	Subalpine Mallomys
13001455	Malpaisomys	Hutterer, Lopez-Martinez, and Michaux 1988	GENUS					Malpaisomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Palaeovertebrata vol.18 p.246	Malpaisomys insularis Hutterer, Lopez-Martinez, and Michaux, 1988.				<p>OenomysDivision. Represented only by late Pleistocene and Holocene samples. A phylogenetic analysis by Hutterer et al. (1988) using 27 morphological traits placed Malpaisomys in a monophyletic group with the extinct Stephanomys (late Miocene to late Pliocene of Europe and N Africa) and the deomyines Acomys and Uranomys, to the exclusion of Rattus and Mus. A subsequent cladistic study with 17 cranial and 23 dental characters supported a very close phylogenetic association between Malpaisomys and Stephanomys, and an alliance between those two genera and Acomys on one hand, and Thamnomys and Oenomys on the other (López-Martínez et al., 1998). A study of antibody reaction against albumin of Malpaisomys, Acomys, Uranomys, and Mus (bone extracts were used for Malpaisomys) indicated Malpaisomys to be allied with Mus to the exclusion of Acomys... [truncated]	
13001456	Malpaisomys insularis	Hutterer, Lopez-Martinez, and Michaux 1988	SPECIES			insularis		Malpaisomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Palaeovertebrata vol.18 p.246			Isls of Fuerteventura, Lanzorote, and Graciosa in the Canary Isls (Hutterer et al., 1988).	IUCN  Extinct.	Malpaisomys insularis has been recorded from sediments dated from 25,000 and 32,000 years before present up to historical times when the species became extinct, sometime between 800 years before present and now (Hutterer et al., 1988; Michaux et al., 1991). Reconstruction and study of the postcranial skeleton suggest the species was adapted to living in lava fields (Boye et al., 1992). Boye et al. (1992) reported that about 2000 years before present, Mus musculus was apparently casually imported to the islands by humans who also arrived then, and from that time to the historical period, populations of M. insularis declined and were progressively replaced by house mice. This interaction between lava mice and house mice is the hypothesized causal reason for extinction of M. insularis. Malpaisomys insularis is part of a mammalian fauna endemic to the E Canary Isls that includes the shrew Crocidura canariensis (Hutterer et al., 1987a; Michau... [truncated]	Lava Mouse
13001457	Mammelomys	Menzies 1996	GENUS					Mammelomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Aust. J. Zool. vol.44 p.383	Melomys rattoides Thomas, 1922.				PogonomysDivision. Member of New Guinea Old Endemics. Originally included in Melomys. Generic diagnosis based primarily on morphometric analyses (Menzies, 1996), some qualitative cranial and dental features, extremely long hind feet with very short first digit, single pair of teats (not found in any other Papuan murine), and spermatozoal morphology (Breed and Aplin, 1994). The monophyly of rattoides and lanosus relative to Melomys, Uromys, and their close relatives in our Uromys Division is strongly supported by albumin immunology, which indicated they are not part of the core species defining either Uromys or Melomys, and judged from immunological distances (Watts and Baverstock, 1994a) and sperm morphology (Breed and Aplin, 1994) could not properly be placed in either of those genera. Our study of specimens in AMNH and BMNH revealed that the two species share a derived cephalic arterial circulation and its osseous ... [truncated]	
13001458	Mammelomys lanosus	Thomas 1922	SPECIES			lanosus		Mammelomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.9 p.263		shawmayeri Rümmler, 1935.	Mountain forests (above 1000-1500 m) of N New Guinea; from the type locality in Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya) eastward along Central Cordillera through the Telefomin region, Schrader Range, Kratke Mtns, and Mt Hagen region to the Wau area of Papua New Guinea; also from Cyclops Range in the northern coastal mountains; not recorded from Huon Peninsula.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Once treated as a subspecies of Paramelomys levipes, lanosus is a separate species (Flannery, 1990b; Menzies, 1996). It is unrelated to P. levipes, but instead is phylogenetically allied with Mammelomys rattoides, a larger-bodied species that displaces it in lower altitudes. This close association was also reflected in Menzies' (1990) similarity coefficient analysis and his later systematic revision (Menzies, 1996). Flannery (1990b) listed shawmayeri as a synonym of M. rattoides, but holotype is an example of M. lanosus (Menzies, 1996; Mussers study of type series in BMNH).	Highland Mammelomys
13001459	Mammelomys rattoides	Thomas 1922	SPECIES			rattoides		Mammelomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.9 p.263			New Guinea; N slopes and lowlands from the Mamberano River in Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya) through lower slopes north of Idenberg River to the Telefomin region in West Sepik Province of Papua New Guinea (Flannery and Seri, 1990) and eastward to the Gogol River in Madang Province; between sea level and 1500 m (Menzies, 1996); also on Yapen Isl in NE Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya) (Flannery, 1995b; AMNH 160268 and 222193, BMNH 46.643); limits of range unknown on mainland.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Distribution based on specimens we studied in AMNH and BMNH, and Menzies (1996) account. Tate's (1951:290) record of M. rattoides from Cyclops Mtns is based on M. lanosus. Closest relative is M. lanosus, which occurs in montane forests at higher altitudes than M. rattoides (see account of M. lanosus).	Lowland Mammelomys
13001460	Margaretamys	Musser 1981	GENUS					Margaretamys	Muridae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.168 3 p.275	Mus beccarii Jentink, 1880.				PithecheirDivision. Morphological, chromosomal, and distributional features monographed by Musser (1981b). Spermatozoal morphology distinctive and similar among the three species (Breed and Musser, 1991). Member of the Sulawesi Old Endemics (Musser, 1981c); nearest phylogenetic ally unknown, but probably more closely related to Sulawesi Lenomys and Eropeplus and Sundaic Lenothrix than any other murine (Mussers unpublished research): "Possibly the three species of Margaretamys represent fragments of an early murid stock of which Lenothrix is a more primitive remnant" (Musser, 1981b:325). Pavlinov et al. (1995a) listed Margaretamys in a Pithecheir Section of a more inclusive Micromys Group. All three species of Margaretamys are arboreal and found only in primary forest formations.	
13001465	Mastacomys fuscus	Thomas 1882	SPECIES			fuscus		Mastacomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5 vol.9 p.413		The form fuscus  and the other taxa listed above were all described and revised under Mastacomys (Ride, 1956; Wakefield, 1972b), and this genus has always been recognized (Watts and Aslin, 1981; Mahoney and Richardson, 1988). However, chromosomal morphology (Baverstock et al., 1977c), G-banding homologies (Baverstock et al., 1983b), allozymic data (Baverstock et al., 1981), and phallic morphology (Lidicker and Brylski, 1987) linked fuscus with some species of Pseudomys, and Watts et al. (1992) united fuscus with that genus. Sperm head structure reported by Breed (1984), and variation in external morphology of glans penis documented by Morrissey and Breed (1982). Taxonomic, distributional, and biological references cataloged by Mahoney and Richardson (1988:160); ecological and distributional information summarized by Watts and Aslin (1981) and Happold (1995).	Australia; modern records from E New South Wales, E Victoria, and Tasmania, but late Pleistocene-Holocene fragments indicated range once included Kangaroo Isl, Carrieton, and Naracoorte in South Australia (Archer et al., 1984; Happold, 1995; Pledge, 1990; Robinson et al., 2000); see Menkhorst (1995b) for the range in Victoria, and Rounsevell et al. (1991) for a summary of Tasmanian records.	brazenoriRide, 1956; castaneus (Higgins and Petterd, 1884) [not Waterhouse, 1843]; mordicus Thomas, 1922; wombeyensis Ride, 1956.		Broad-toothed Mastacomys
13001466	Mastomys	Thomas 1915	GENUS					Mastomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.16 p.477	Mus coucha Smith, 1834.	Myomys  Thomas, 1915.			<p>StenocephalemysDivision. Historical taxonomic use of Mastomys as a genus or subgenus of either Rattus or Praomys summarized by Meester et al. (1986), Chevret et al. (1994), and Granjon et al. (1997b). Morphological (Lecompte et al., 2002a; Van der Straeten, 1979; Van der Straeten and Robbins, 1997), protein electrophoretic analyses (Iskandar and Bonhomme, 1984), DNA/DNA hybridization experiments (Chevret et al., 1994), analyses of complete mtDNA cytochrome b sequences (Lecompte et al., 2002b), and chromosomal data (Britton-Davidian et al., 1995; Granjon et al., 1997b) support union of most of the species listed below in a monophyletic group different from those clades containing species of Praomys, Myomyscus, and Hylomyscus. Mastomys pernanus is the exception (see that account). Important to studies of specific diversity, biogeography, population and community ecology, and medicine, spe... [truncated]	
13001467	Mastomys awashensis	Lavrenchenko, Likhnova, and Baskevich 1998	SPECIES			awashensis		Mastomys	Muridae	Rodentia	In Lavrenchenko et al., 1998a, Z. Säugetierk. vol.63 p.44		This species occurs with M. natalensis  and M. erythroleucus in the same region. Karyotype of M. awashensis (2n = 32, FNa = 54, Lavrenchenko et al., 1998a; or 2n = 32, FNa = 52, Volobouev et al., 2002b) is dissimilar to that of M. erythroleucus (2n = 38, FN = 50) and resembles karyotype of M. natalensis from the Ethiopian Rift Valley (2n = 32, FNa = 54-56), but the two are distinguished by frequency of metacentric and submetacentric elements, form of the Y-chromosome, and C-banding pattern (Baskevich and Orlov, 1993; Lavrenchenko et al., 1998a). Analyses of allozymic and morphometric data indicate M. awashensis is more closely related to M. erythroleucus than to M. natalensis, but M. awashensis and M. natalensis are more similar in chromosomal traits and configuration of tail scales; in glans penis morphology, M. awashensis differs from either of the other species, which are similar in that character complex (Lavrenchenko and Baskevich, 1996; Lavrenchenko et al., 1998a). Mastomys awashensis shares a common fixed hemoglobin electromorph with South African M. coucha, different from that found in Ethiopian M. natalensis and M. erythroleucus (Lavrenchenko et al., 1992, 1998a). Those latter authors noted that the discordance among morphometric, genital, molecular, and chromosomal character suites in distinguishing samples of the three Ethiopian species may reflect a mosaic pattern of evolution. Character discordance, however, has not been an unappreciated reality to generations of working systematists, as many morphologically similar sets of species can only be distinguished by a combination of traits.	Apparently endemic to the Ethiopian Rift Valley where it "is confined to a small part of the Upper Awash Valley" (Lavrenchenko et al., 1998a:48). All known examples were captured at the E bank of Koka Lake and Awash National Park where they inhabit Awash riverbank vegetated by Acacia-Commiphora thornbush with high grass, and adjacent agricultural habitats.		<p>This species occurs with M. natalensis and M. erythroleucus in the same region. Karyotype of M. awashensis (2n = 32, FNa = 54, Lavrenchenko et al., 1998a; or 2n = 32, FNa = 52, Volobouev et al., 2002b) is dissimilar to that of M. erythroleucus (2n = 38, FN = 50) and resembles karyotype of M. natalensis from the Ethiopian Rift Valley (2n = 32, FNa = 54-56), but the two are distinguished by frequency of metacentric and submetacentric elements, form of the Y-chromosome, and C-banding pattern (Baskevich and Orlov, 1993; Lavrenchenko et al., 1998a). Analyses of allozymic and morphometric data indicate M. awashensis is more closely related to M. erythroleucus than to M. natalensis, but M. awashensis and M. natalensis are more similar in chromosomal traits and configuration of tail scales; in glans penis morphology, M. awashensis differs from either of the other species, which are similar in t... [truncated]	Awash Mastomys
13001468	Mastomys coucha	Smith 1834	SPECIES			coucha		Mastomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Rept. Exped. Exploring Central Africa p.43		bradfieldi  Roberts, 1926; breyeri (Roberts, 1915); limpopoensis (Roberts, 1914); marikquensis (Smith, 1836); sicialis Shortridge, 1934; silaceus (Wagner, 1842); socialis (Roberts, 1913).	Endemic to Southern African Subregion: South Africa (provinces of Eastern and Northern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal, Free State, Gauteng, Mpumalanga, and S and W Limpopo; also in Lesotho), S and W Zimbabwe, C Namibia (Granjon et al., 1997b; Skinner and Smithers, 1990; Taylor, 1998).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Characterized by 2n = 36, FNa = 52-56, and a distinctive hemoglobin electromorph, M. coucha occurs sympatrically with M. natalensis in some areas but allopatrically in other regions of the Southern African Subregion (de Graaff, 1997r); the latter is distinguished by a different hemoglobin pattern (Green et al., 1980), 2n = 32, FN = 54 (Volobouev et al., 2002b), and three isozyme markers (Smit et al., 2001). The two species also differ in cranial, phallic, and spermatozoal morphology as well as reproductive behavior, growth patterns, ultrasonic vocalizations, and pheromones (Breed, 1995a; Dippenaar et al., 1993; Jackson and van Aarde, 2003; Lavrenchenko and Baskevich, 1996; Skinner and Smithers, 1990; Taylor, 2000b; and references cited therein), and can also be separated by principal component analysis of cranial and dental measurements (Dippenaar et al., 1993). Although the two are widely sympatric in southern Africa, their geographic r... [truncated]	Southern African Mastomys
13001480	Maxomys hellwaldii	Jentink 1878	SPECIES			hellwaldii		Maxomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Notes Leyden Mus. vol.1 p.11		cereus  (Miller and Hollister, 1921); griseogenys (Sody, 1941); localis (Miller and Hollister, 1921).	Throughout Sulawesi in tropical lowland evergreen rain forest, sea level to 3300 ft (1006 m; Musser and Holden, 1991; Musser, ms).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Among Sulawesian representatives of Maxomys, M. hellwaldii is most closely related to M. dollmani and two undescribed species in highlands of C Sulawesi (Musser, 1991; Musser, ms). Spermatozoal morphology unlike species of Malayan Maxomys studied, and more similar to members of Margaretamys, another Sulawesian endemic (Breed and Musser, 1991). There is appreciable morphological variation among samples from different regions of the island, which may reflect presence of more than one species (Musser, ms). Stomach morphology described and contrasted with other Sulawesian endemics by Musser and Durden (2002).	Hellwalds Sulawesi Maxomys
13500324	Sylvilagus brasiliensis subsp. truei	J. Allen 1890	SUBSPECIES		truei	brasiliensis	Tapeti	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha						Part of a group of subspecies found north of Isthmus of Panama	
13001469	Mastomys erythroleucus	Temminck 1853	SPECIES			erythroleucus		Mastomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Esq. Zool. sur la Côte de Guine p.160		calopus  (Cabrera, 1906); gambianus (Thomas, 1911); peregrinus (De Winton, 1898).	Mostly Subsaharan N Africa; an isolated population in WC Morocco (Aulagnier, 1991; Aulagnier and Thevenot, 1986); main range in Gambia, Senegal, Guinea, Ghana, Sierra Leone, Côte dIvoire, Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Sudan, Ethiopia, E. Dem. Rep. Congo, Burundi, and W Uganda. See Granjon et al. (1997b), Volobouev et al. (2001), and Ziegler et al. (2002).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>Chromosomal (2n = 38, FNa = 50-56) and electrophoretic data as well as fur color (reddish brown dorsum, whitish venter) set this species apart from other Mastomys with which it occurs (Baskevich and Orlov, 1993; Duplantier et al. 1990a, b; Granjon et al., 1997b; Lavrenchenko et al., 1992; Volobouev et al., 2001; and references cited therein). The geographic range described by Granjon et al. (1997b) is primarily derived from the distribution of samples with 2n = 38 (see references to chromosomal reports cited by Granjon et al., 1997b). Codjia et al. (1996) documented chromosomal distinctions between M. erythroleucus and M. natalensis from S Benin. Mastomys erythroleucus is sympatric with M. huberti and M. natalensis in Senegal (Duplantier et al., 1990a, 1996). Reproductive distinctions among M. erythroleucus, M. natalensis, and M. huberti in Senegal documented... [truncated]	Reddish-white Mastomys
13001470	Mastomys huberti	Wroughton 1909	SPECIES			huberti		Mastomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.1 p.255			Recorded from S coastal Mauritania (Granjon et al., 1997a, 2002b), Senegal, Mali, Burkina-Faso, and N Nigeria (Granjon et al., 1997b); limits unresolved.		<p>Characterized by 2n = 32, FNa = 44-46 (Hubert et al., 1983; Duplantier et al., 1990a; Britton-Davidian et al., 1995) or 2n = 32, FNa = 42 (Volobouev et al., 2002b). This is not the same species as M. natalensis, which is also characterized by 2n = 32, but a different FN (52-54; Britton-Davidian et al., 1995), hemoglobin pattern (C. B. Robbins et al., 1983), and apparently serum proteins (Robbins and Van der Straeten, 1989). Duplantier et al. (1990a, b) contrasted results of protein electrophoresis and chromosomal traits derived from Senegalese samples of M. huberti, M. natalensis, and M. erythroleucus. Reproductive distinctions among M. huberti, M. erythroleucus, and M. natalensis in Senegal are documented by Duplantier et al. (1996). Phylogenetic analysis of chromosomal data by Britton-Davidian et al. (1995) indicated that M. huberti is more closely related to M. natalensis than... [truncated]	Huberts Mastomys
13001471	Mastomys kollmannspergeri	Petter 1957	SPECIES			kollmannspergeri		Mastomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Mammalia vol.21 p.129		verheyeni  Robbins and Van der Straeten, 1989.	N Niger (Dobigny et al., 2002b), NE Nigeria and N Cameroon (Robbins and Van der Straeten, 1989), Chad (Denys et al., 2002), and S Sudan (Volobouev et al., 2001); limits unresolved.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt) as M. verheyeni.	Originally described as a subspecies of M. natalensis (Petter, 1957) from N Niger, chromosomal data documented by Dobigny et al. (2002b) from samples near the type locality of kollmannspergeri exhibit the same configuration as the chromosomal species that Volobouev et al. (2001) identified as MER-2 (2n = 38, FNa = 40-41) from Chad (Denys et al., 2002) and S Sudan, and Dobigny et al. (2002b) provisionally referred their specimens to M. kollmannspergeri. Robbins and Van der Straeten (1989) named and described the same species as M. verheyeni with a range restricted to the savannas surrounding Lake Chad in NE Nigeria and N Cameroon. It was reviewed under that name by Granjon et al. (1997b). Conspecificity of verheyeni with M. kollmannspergeri is supported by phylogenetic analyses of mtDNA cytochrome b and nuclear IRBP gene sequences (L. Granjon, in litt., who noted the molecular work was done by E. Lecompte, 2003... [truncated]	Kollmannspergers Mastomys
13001472	Mastomys natalensis	Smith 1834	SPECIES			natalensis		Mastomys	Muridae	Rodentia	S. Afr. Quart. J., ser. 2 vol.2 p.156		caffer (Smith, 1834); cuninghamei (Wroughton, 1908); durumae (Heller, 1912); effectus (Dollman, 1911); evelyni (Dollman, 1911); fumatus (Peters, 1878); gardulensis (Frick, 1914); fusca (Bocage, 1890); hildebrandtii (Peters, 1878); illovoensis (Jentink, 1909); ismaillae (Heller, 1914); itigiensis Hatt, 1935); kerensis (Heuglin, 1877); komatiensis Roberts, 1926; longicaudatus (Noack, 1887); microdon (Peters, 1852); muscardinus (Wagner, 1843) [see Meester et al., 1986, for reason behind this allocation]; neumanni (Heller, 1912); ovamboensis Roberts, 1926; pallida (Dollman, 1914); panya (Heller, 1910); rufa (Bocage, 1890); somereni (Kershaw, 1923); tana (True, 1893); tinctus (Heller, 1918); ugandae (De Winton, 1897); victoriae (Matschie, 1911); zuluensis (Thomas and Schwann, 1905).	Widespread in subsaharan Africa except for SW portion of continent (see Skinner and Smithers, 1990, and de Graaff, 1997q, for range in the Southern African Subregion; see Granjon et al., 1997b, for generalized map of overall distribution).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Myomys fumatus, Mastomys hildebrandtii and M. natalensis.	<p>Characterized by 2n = 32, FNa = 52-54 (Britton-Davidian et al., 1995; Green et al., 1980; Volobouev et al., 2002b) and a distinctive hemoglobin electromorph (Green et al., 1980; Robbins et al. 1983). Samples with these chromosomal features have also been found in Senegal (Duplantier et al., 1990a, b; Granjon et al., 1996); Côte dIvoire, Central African Republic, Republic of Congo, and Chad (Matthey, 1955, 1966a, b); Sierra Leone and Burundi (Robbins et al., 1983); S Benin (Codjia et al., 1996); Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, and Nigeria (Granjon et al., 1997b; Hubert et al., 1983); Somalia (Capanna et al., 1982); Ethiopia (Baskevich and Orlov, 1993; Lavrenchenko et al., 1998a); Tanzania (Fadda et al., 2001; Leirs, 1992; Leirs et al., 1989, 1993); Zimbabwe (Lyons et al., 1980); Namibia (Hallett, 1979), and South Africa (Granjon et al., 1996; Green et al., 1980;). Using chromosomal data, laboratory crosses, and principal component analysis... [truncated]	Natal Mastomys
13001473	Mastomys pernanus	Kershaw 1921	SPECIES			pernanus		Mastomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.8 p.568			Published records are from SW Kenya, N Tanzania, and Rwanda (Misonne and Verschuren, 1964; see map inVan der Straeten, 1999:228).	IUCN  Data Deficient.	Known by very few specimens. Ellerman (1941) listed pernanus as a distinctive species of Rattus in the subgenus Mastomys, but earlier G. M. Allen (1939) had treated it as a species of Myomys. Robbins and Van der Straeten (1989) claimed this a possibility. Misonne and Verschuren (1964, 1966b), however, discussed the problem and concluded that pernanus should be associated with Mastomys, an arrangement endorsed by Van der Straeten (1999). Van der Straeten (1999) studied and measured all known specimens (except those from Rwanda extracted from raptor pellets and a skull from Tanzania reported by Misonne and Verschuren, 1964, which could not be found in the Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen at Brussels). His principal component analysis contrasting two specimens of M. pernanus with holotypes of taxa in Praomys, Mastomys, Myomys, Myomyscus, and Hylomyscus indicated M. pe... [truncated]	Dwarf Mastomys
13001474	Mastomys shortridgei	St. Leger 1933	SPECIES			shortridgei		Mastomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1933 p.411		legerae  (Ellerman, Morrison-Scott, and Hayman, 1953).	Extreme NW Botswana and NE Namibia (Caprivi area) in the region of the confluence of Okavango and Kwito Rivers where it apparently inhabits reedbeds and swamp grasses (de Graaff, 1981:216; Skinner and Smithers, 1990:270); also E Angola, where the species is associated with marshes (Crawford-Cabral, 1998).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Karyotype (2n = 36, FNa = 50) similar to that of M. coucha (Granjon et al., 1997b). Taxonomy reviewed by Meester et al. (1986:285). Some workers considered shortridgei closely related to or the same as M. angolensis (see references cited in Meester et al., 1986). That species has five pairs of teats and most authors attributed the same number to M. shortridgei, but the latter has eight pairs (see references in Granjon et al., 1997b). This is also a significant distinction for the generic allocation of shortridgei because Granjon et al. (1997b) employed more than ten teats as one of the diagnostic traits of Mastomys and included shortridgei in the genus but excluded angolensis. A principal component analysis based on holotypes of the Mastomys-Praomys-Myomys-Hylomyscus complex also nested that of shortridgei deep within the cluster identified as Mastomys (Van der Straeten and Robbins,... [truncated]	Shortridges Mastomys
13001475	Maxomys	Sody 1936	GENUS					Maxomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Natuurk. Tidjschr. Ned.-Ind. vol.96 p.55	Mus bartelsii Jentink, 1910.				<p>MaxomysDivision. Definition and contents of Maxomys provided by Musser et al. (1979), who discussed historical allocations of species to groups of Rattus and summarized chromosomal information. The exclusion of Maxomys from Rattus also supported by allozymic data (Chan et al., 1979), albumin immunology (Watts and Baverstock, 1994b), and DNA/DNA hybridization studies (Ruedas and Kirsch, 1997). Morphological analyses indicated that Maxomys shares all its dental derived molar traits with Berylmys, Mus, and Niviventer, and some of its external features with Mus (Musser and Newcomb, 1983). Estimate of relationships based on karyotypic data placed Maxomys close to Niviventer and Lenothrix and far from Rattus (Gadi and Sharma, 1983). Spermatozoal morphology of Malayan Maxomys and one Sulawesian species is similar to Chiropodomys and Hapalomys, a configuration also l... [truncated]	
13001476	Maxomys alticola	Thomas 1888	SPECIES			alticola		Maxomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.2 p.408		kinabaluensis (Chasen, 1937).	Known only from two mountains in Sabah, N Borneo: from 1070 to 3360 on Mt Kinabalu (Md Nor, 2001), and also on Gunung Trus Madi.	IUCN  Endangered.	The name alticola was once applied to populations from lower elevations on Gunung Kinabalu, the Malay Peninsula, and Sumatra (Chasen, 1940), but was shown to be the name for a distinct species endemic to mountains of Sabah (Medway, 1964, 1977). Reviewed by Corbet and Hill (1992). Part of a suite of murine species endemic to Borneo (Musser, 1986; also see account of Chiropodomys major).	Bornean Mountain Maxomys
13001477	Maxomys baeodon	Thomas 1894	SPECIES			baeodon		Maxomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.14 p.452		trachynotus (Cabrera, 1920).	Known only from a few scattered localities in Sabah and Sarawak (N Borneo); occurs between 900 and 1400 m on Mt Kinabalu in Sabah (Md Nor, 2001).	IUCN  Endangered.	A very distinctive species still represented in museum collections by few specimens (Musser et al., 1979). The record from Gunung Palung National Park in SW Kalimantan (Blundell, 1996) is erroneous and represents misidentified M. whiteheadi (A. J. Gorog, pers. comm., 2001). Part of the suite of murines endemic to Borneo (Musser, 1986; also see account of Chiropodomys major).	Small Bornean Maxomys
13001478	Maxomys bartelsii	Jentink 1910	SPECIES			bartelsii		Maxomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Notes Leyden Mus. vol.33 p.69		obscuratus  (Bartels, 1938); tjibunensis (Sody, 1933).	Endemic to montane forests on volcanos of W and C Java (Van Peenen et al., 1974).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Morphology, chromosomes, and geographic distribution reviewed by Van Peenen et al. (1974); skull and dentition illustrated in Musser and Newcomb (1983). Reviewed also by Corbet and Hill (1992). Member of a suite of murine rodents endemic to Java (Musser, 1986; see account of Kadarsanomys sodyi).	Bartelss Javan Maxomys
13001479	Maxomys dollmani	Ellerman 1941	SPECIES			dollmani		Maxomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Families and Genera of Living Rodents vol.2 p.218			Type locality and Gunung Tanke Salokko in the SE peninsula of Sulawesi; known only from high elevations in montane forests of the SE peninsula and S region of the C core of the island.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Originally described by Ellerman as a subspecies of Rattus hellwaldii, but shown to be a distinct species by Musser (1969c), and morphologically allied to M. hellwaldii (Musser, 1991). Maxomys dollmani is scansorial and a smaller-bodied version of an undescribed species collected from cool and wet primary forest in the mountains of C Sulawesi between 854 and 1460 m. That new species is sympatric with M. hellwaldii in the lower part of its altitudinal range and occurs with M. musschenbroekii throughout the altitudinal distribution. The geographic pattern exhibited by the C highlands species and M. dollmani (the former in the C core of the island, the latter on the SE peninsula and S portion of the C core) is common to some sets of species in Taeromys and the Rattus xanthurus Group (see those accounts).	Dollmans Sulawesi Maxomys
13001481	Maxomys hylomyoides	Robinson and Kloss 1916	SPECIES			hylomyoides		Maxomys	Muridae	Rodentia	J. Str. Br. Roy. Asiat. Soc. vol.73 p.273			Endemic to montane forests in mountainous backbone of W Sumatra.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	At one time listed as a subspecies of M. alticola (Chasen, 1940), but later reinstated as a distinctive species (Medway, 1964; Musser et al., 1979). Member of a suite of murines endemic to Sumatra that includes Maxomys inflatus, Mus crociduroides, Rattus korinchi, and R. hoogerwerfi (Musser, 1986).	Sumatran Mountain Maxomys
13500345	Sylvilagus floridanus subsp. nigronuchalis	Hartert 1894	SUBSPECIES		nigronuchalis	floridanus	Sylvilagus	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha						Part of a group of subspecies found south of Isthmus of Panama.	
13001484	Maxomys moi	Robinson and Kloss 1922	SPECIES			moi		Maxomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.9 p.95			Recorded only from highlands of S Vietnam in Quàng Tri, Quàng Nam, and Lâm Dðng provinces (Dang et al., 1994; Van Peenen et al., 1969) and adjacent S Laos on Plateau Bolovens; 190-1500 m; does not occur in the Annamite Mtns along the Laos-Vietnam border north of Quàng Tri Province. Distribution based primarily upon study of specimens in AMNH, BMNH, FMNH, and USNM.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Originally described as a species by Robinson and Kloss (1922), later listed as a subspecies of either Maxomys surifer or Rattus coxingi (=Niviventer coninga), but finally reinstated as a distinct species (Musser et al., 1979; Van Peenen et al., 1969). Closest phylogenetic relative is M. surifer, an estimate based on cranial, dental, and chromosomal traits shared by both species (Bulatova et al., 1992; Duncan and Van Peenen, 1971; Musser et al., 1979).	Indochinese Mountain Maxomys
13001485	Maxomys musschenbroekii	Jentink 1878	SPECIES			musschenbroekii		Maxomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Notes Leyden Mus. vol.1 p.10		aspinatus  (Tate and Archbold, 1935); lalawora (Sody, 1941); tetricus (Miller and Hollister, 1921).	Throughout Sulawesi in most forest formations (Musser, 1991; Musser and Holden, 1991).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Considered conspecific with Sundaic M. whiteheadi by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), but musschenbroekii is a separate species endemic to Sulawesi (Medway, 1977; Musser, 1991). Spermatozoal morphology more similar to that described for Malayan species of Maxomys than to sperm of other sampled Sulawesian species (Breed and Musser, 1991). Occurs sympatrically with all other species of Sulawesian Maxomys, and does not show significant morphological variation among samples from different island regions (Musser, ms).	Musschenbroeks Sulawesi Maxomys
13001486	Maxomys ochraceiventer	Thomas 1894	SPECIES			ochraceiventer		Maxomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.14 p.451		perasper (Shamel, 1940).	Sabah and Sarawak (N Borneo), and East Kalimantan (E Borneo); apparently restricted to hills (Medway, 1964).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Once treated as a lower altitudinal subspecies of the higher montane M. alticola on Borneo (Chasen, 1940), but the two species are sympatric at 1067 m on slopes of Gunung Kinabalu (Medway, 1977). Reviewed by Corbet and Hill (1992). Member of the cluster of murine species endemic to Borneo (Musser, 1986; also see account of Chiropodomys major).	Ochraceous-bellied Bornean Maxomys
13001487	Maxomys pagensis	Miller 1903	SPECIES			pagensis		Maxomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Smithson. Misc. Coll. vol.45 p.39			Endemic to islands of South Pagai, North Pagai, Sipora, and Siberut in Mentawai Arch.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Usually listed as a subspecies of M. surifer (Chasen, 1940), but treated as a species by Musser et al. (1979) and retained as such by Corbet and Hill (1992). Closest phylogenetic relative is probably M. surifer. Part of the rodent fauna endemic to Mentawai Arch. (see account of Leopoldamys siporanus).	Mentawai Archipelago Maxomys
13001488	Maxomys panglima	Robinson 1921	SPECIES			panglima		Maxomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.7 p.235		palawanensis (Taylor, 1934).	Greater Palawan Faunal Region; endemic to Balabac, Palawan, Busuanga, Calauit, and Culion Isls; politically part of Philippines, but faunistically an extension of the Sunda Shelf. Recorded from primary and secondary tropical lowland evergreen rainforest from sea level to 1000 m (Heaney et al., 1998).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Treated in the past as a subspecies of M. surifer, but morphological features support its independence as a species; uncertain whether M. panglima is more closely related to M. surifer or M. rajah (Musser et al., 1979). Joins Palawanomys furvus and Chiropodomys calamianus as the only recorded murines endemic to the Greater Palawan Faunal Region.	Palawan Maxomys
13001489	Maxomys rajah	Thomas 1894	SPECIES			rajah		Maxomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.14 p.451		hidongis  (Kloss, 1921); lingensis (Miller, 1900); pellax (Miller, 1900); similis (Robinson and Kloss, 1916).	Endemic to the Sunda Shelf; Peninsular Thailand south of Isthmus of Kra, Malay Peninsula, Riau Arch., Sumatra, amd Borneo; absent from Java and Bali.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Insular distribution similar in broad outline to that of M. whiteheadi. Once regarded as conspecific with M. surifer (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; Misonne, 1969), but occurs sympatrically with that species, and although samples of each are regularly misidentified, the two differ in a suite of morphological, ecological, behavioral, and biochemical traits, as well as albumin immunology (Chan et al., 1979; Corbet and Hill, 1992; Musser et al., 1979; Yong, 1972; Watts and Baverstock, 1994b).	Rajah Sundaic Maxomys
13001490	Maxomys surifer	Miller 1900	SPECIES			surifer		Maxomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.13 p.148		anambae  (Miller, 1900); antucus (Lyon, 1916); aoris (Robinson, 1912); banacus (Lyon, 1916); bandahara (Robinson, 1921); bentincanus (Miller, 1903); binominatus (Kloss, 1915); butangensis (Miller, 1900); carimatae (Miller, 1906); casensis (Miller, 1903); catellifer (Miller, 1903); changensis (Kloss, 1916); connectens (Kloss, 1916); domelicus (Miller, 1903); eclipsis (Kloss, 1916); finis (Kloss, 1916); flavidulus (Miller, 1900); flavigrandis (Kloss, 1911); grandis (Kloss, 1911); koratis (Kloss, 1919); kramis (Kloss, 1919); kutensis (Kloss, 1916); leonis (Robinson and Kloss, 1911); luteolus (Miller, 1903); mabalus (Lyon, 1916); manicalis (Robinson and Kloss, 1914); microdon (Kloss, 1908) [not Peters, 1852]; muntia (Chasen, 1940); natunae (Chasen, 1940); pelagius (Kloss, 1916); pemangilis (Robinson, 1912); perflavus (Lyon, 1911); pidonis (Chasen, 1940); pinacus (Lyon, 1916); puket (Chasen, 1940); ravus (Robinson and Kloss, 1916); saturatus (Lyon, 1911); serutus (Miller, 1906); siarma (Kloss, 1919); solaris (Sody, 1934); spurcus (Robinson and Kloss, 1914); telibon (Chasen, 1940); tenebrosus (Kloss, 1916); ubecus (Lyon, 1911); umbridorsum (Miller, 1903); verbeeki (Sody, 1930).	Indochina; S Burma, Thailand (J. T. Marshall, Jr., 1977a; Robinson et al., 1995), Laos, S and SW Cambodia (Elephant Mtns, specimens in FMNH; Cardamom Mtns, A. Smith, in litt., 2002), throughout Vietnam (Dang et al., 1994; Van Peenen et al., 1969; specimens in AMNH and IEBR; including Thom and PhuQuoc Isls off the S coast of Vietnam, see Kuznetsov, 2000), and extreme S Yunnan near Laotian border (specimens in IZAS, D. Lunde, in litt., 2004; Wang, 2003; Wu et al., 1996); and the Sunda Shelf (Peninsular Thailand, Malay Peninsula, Borneo, Sumatra, Java, and many smaller islands); in addition to references cited above, range is generally extracted from Corbet and Hill (1992) and Musser et al. (1979).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>The only species of Maxomys with a range encompassing Indochinese and Sundaic faunal regions. The two groups of samples differ in morphological features, and the significance of this variation should be determined in a careful systematic revision of the genus. Berylmys bowersii, Chiropodomys gliroides, Leopoldamys sabanus, and L. edwardsi have roughly concordant geographic ranges and demonstrate similar patterns of geographic morphological variation (Musser and Newcomb, 1983; Musser et al., 1979). Virtually every insular sample from the Sunda Shelf has been given a scientific name, but any significance of insular variation has yet to be assessed. Corbet and Hill (1992) detected a geographic pattern in pelage coloration, but whether it is concordant with distribution of morphological and molecular traits has yet to be determined. Phylogenetic analyses of mtDNA cytochrome b sequences by A. J. Gorog et al. (2004) identified six distinct ... [truncated]	Indomalayan Maxomys
13001492	Maxomys whiteheadi	Thomas 1894	SPECIES			whiteheadi		Maxomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.14 p.452		asper  (Miller, 1900); batamanus (Lyon, 1907); batus (Miller, 1911); coritzae (Sody, 1941); klossi (Bonhote, 1906); mandus (Lyon, 1908); melanurus (Shamel, 1940); melinogaster (Cabrera, 1920); perlutus (Thomas, 1911); piratae (Chasen, 1940); subitus (Chasen, 1940).	Peninsular Thailand south of Isthmus of Kra, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, and various adjacent islands; absent from Java and Bali; see Corbet and Hill (1992) and Musser et al. (1979).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	A Sundaic endemic. Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) included whiteheadi in the Sulawesi M. musschenbroekii, but the two are separate species (Chasen, 1940; Medway, 1977; Musser, 1991; Musser et al., 1979; Tate, 1936). Spermatozoal morphology (Breed and Yong, 1986) and data from biochemical, morphological, and cytological studies (Chan et al., 1978, 1979; Yong, 1969) pointed to a close relationship between M. whiteheadi and the Malayan M. inas. Md Nor (1996) documented occurrence of M. whiteheadi on the small islands off the tip of N Sabah. Generally a lowland species on Borneo, it does reach 2100 m on the slopes of Mt Kinabalu (Md Nor, 2001, and references cited therein). Noticeable geographic variation in pelage coloration and aspects of cranial morphology exists among insular samples on the Sunda Shelf, but its significance has yet to be determined. However, phylogenetic analyses of mtDNA cytochrome b sequences by Gorog et al.... [truncated]	Whiteheads Sundaic Maxomys
13001493	Melasmothrix	Miller and Hollister 1921	GENUS					Melasmothrix	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.34 p.93	Melasmothrix naso Miller and Hollister, 1921.				MelasmothrixDivision. Member of Sulawesian Old Endemics (Musser, 1981c). Closely related to Tateomys as judged by morphological, ecological, and spermatozoal characters (Breed and Musser, 1991; Musser, 1982c). Both genera are highly specialized diurnal (Melasmothrix) or nocturnal (Tateomys) vermivores whose phylogenetic affinities have yet to be determined. However, their molar occlusal patterns (Musser, 1982c) are somewhat specialized versions of those characterizing Miocene Progonomys like morphologies, and the shrew rats may have evolved from one of the earliest divergences from a Progonomys like stock.	
13001494	Melasmothrix naso	Miller and Hollister 1921	SPECIES			naso		Melasmothrix	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.34 p.93			Sulawesi; known only from tropical upper montane rain forest at Rano Rano and on Gunung Nokilalaki, 1950-2286 m; probably occurs in upper montane forest on other mountains in C core of the island.	IUCN  Endangered.	Stomach morphology described and contrasted with other Sulawesi shrew rats and the insectivorous Sommeromys macrorhinos by Musser and Durden (2002). Other morphological aspects, along with altitudinal distribution, diet, and ecology of this terrestrial, diurnal, and primarily vermivorous shrew rat reviewed by Musser (1982c).	Diurnal Sulawesian Shrew Rat
13001495	Melomys	Thomas 1922	GENUS					Melomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.9 p.261	Uromys rufescens Alston, 1877.				UromysDivision. Member of the Australian and New Guinea region Old Endemics (Musser, 1981c, 1982b). Data from microcomplement fixation of albumin indicated Australian Melomys is closely related to Uromys and in the same monophyletic group with Mesembriomys, Leporillus, Conilurus, and Zyzomys (Watts et al., 1992). These genera join other Australian and some New Guinea genera to form an "Australasian clade" as estimated by albumin immunology (Watts and Baverstock, 1994a, 1995b, 1996). Menzies (1996) has revised the New Guinea species that were formerly included in Melomys. His results considerably contracted the scope of the genus by raising subgenus Paramelomys to generic rank, separating lanosus and rattoides as a separate genus (see account of Mammelomys) and placing fellowsi in its own genus (see account of Protochromys). Mahoney and Richardson (1988) c... [truncated]	
13500347	Sylvilagus floridanus subsp. purgatus	Thomas 1920	SUBSPECIES		purgatus	floridanus	Sylvilagus	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha						Part of a group of subspecies found south of Isthmus of Panama.	
13400140	Lagidium peruanum subsp. pallipes	Bennett 1835	SUBSPECIES		pallipes	peruanum		Lagidium	Chinchillidae	Rodentia							
13001496	Melomys aerosus	Thomas 1920	SPECIES			aerosus		Melomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.6 p.428			Endemic to Seram Isl, 1200-1830 m.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Tate (1951:292) suggested a relationship between M. aerosus and the New Guinea M. levipes group, but cranial morphology indicates M. aerosus to be more closely related to Australian species of Melomys, especially M. cervinipes, than to the endemic Melomys of New Guinea (Mussers study of specimens in BMNH). Menzies (1996:418) noted that M. aerosus "has the long incisive foramina characteristic of the cervinipes division of Melomys" but "does not fit comfortably in any group" Reviewed by Flannery (1995a) and Helgen (2003b).	Dusky Seram Melomys
13001497	Melomys arcium	Thomas 1913	SPECIES			arcium		Melomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.12 p.214			Endemic to Rossel Isl, 50-700 m.		Originally described as a species of Uromys, treated as a subspecies of M. leucogaster by Rümmler (1938), Musser and Carleton (1993), and Flannery (1995b), but retained as a species by Laurie and Hill (1954) and Menzies (1996). Melomys arcium is closely related to M. leucogaster (Menzies, 1996, and our study of the holotype and AMNH 159597-159600), and Flannery (1995b:135) wrote that although closely related to M. leucogaster, it may represent "a distinct species." Flannery (1995b:135) noted that most islands off the E coast of Papua New Guinea in Milne Bay have been heavily surveyed and neither M. leucogaster nor M. arcium has been found, "Therefore it seems likely that it is found only on Rossel among the Milne Bay Islands. This is very unusual, because Rossel is the most distant of the Louisiade Group from New Guinea. Presumably, it did exist previously on other islands of the group, but has become extinct on all ... [truncated]	Rossel Island Melomys
13001498	Melomys bannisteri	Kitchener and Maryanto 1993	SPECIES			bannisteri		Melomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Rec. West. Aust. Mus. vol.16 p.428			Recorded only from Pulau Kai Besar in Kepulauan Kai (Ewab), between Seram Isl and the Aru Isls.		Morphologically similar to M. lutillus. Flannery (1995b:138) included bannisteri in M. lutillus because "it is clearly part of the M. lutillus group," and also noted that "the confused taxonomic relationships of the M. lutillus group make it difficult to assess the validity of this taxon." Melomys bannisteri is one average larger than either M. lutillus or M. frigicola on New Guinea, and much larger than M. burtoni from the Trans-Fly region (muscalis); compare the measurements listed by Kitchener and Maryanto (1993b:431) with those of M. lutillus and M. frigicola presented by Menzies (1996:397). Kitchener and Maryantos taxon should be highlighted as a species until its diagnostic characteristics can be more critically assessed in the context of a revision of these small-bodied Melomys. The Kai Isls are in deep water and not on the continental shelf connecting Australia and New Guin... [truncated]	Great Key Island Melomys
13001499	Melomys bougainville	Troughton 1936	SPECIES			bougainville		Melomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Rec. Aust. Mus. vol.19 p.344			Recorded only from islands of Buka, Bougainville, and Choiseul in northern Solomon Arch. (Flannery and Wickler, 1990; Flannery, 1995b).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Although historically treated as a subspecies of M. rufescens, M. bougainville is a separate species known by small samples of extant and archaeological specimens (Flannery and Wickler, 1990). Most closely related to M. rufescens, M. matambuai, and M. paveli (Helgen, 2003b; Menzies, 1996).	Bougainville Island Melomys
13001500	Melomys burtoni	Ramsay 1887	SPECIES			burtoni		Melomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., ser. 2 vol.2 p.531		albiventer  Kellogg, 1945; australius Thomas, 1924; callopes Finlayson, 1943; froggatti Troughton, 1937; insulae Troughton and Le Souef, 1929; littoralis (Lönnberg, 1916); melicus (Thomas, 1913); mixtus Troughton, 1935; murinus (Thomas, 1913); muscalis (Thomas, 1913).	Australia; along the coast "from just south of the New South Wales-Queensland border, north to the tip of Cape York, and in coastal areas of the Northern Territory and north-eastern Western Australia" (Watts and Aslin, 1981:84; Kerle, 1995c:633); also found on many offshore islands. SC New Guinea (recorded only from the Trans-Fly region).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Results of chromosomal and electrophoretic studies reported by Baverstock et al. (1977c, 1980, 1981, 1983b). Anatomy of male reproductive tract and spermatozoal morphology presented by Breed and Sarafis (1978), Morrissey and Breed (1982), and Breed (1984, 1986). Tate (1951), Mahoney and Richardson (1988), and Musser and Carleton treated populations from Australian and New Guinea region as a single species, and Musser and Carleton (1993) noted that the complex needs revision using data from morphological, chromosomal, and molecular sets to assess significance of the variation apparent both among samples from New Guinea and between those from New Guinea and Australia. In the absence of such a revisionary study, Flannery (1995a, b) treated the New Guinea samples as a separate species, M. lutillus. Recently, Menzies (1996) has provided a revision of the New Guinea segment, as M. lutillus, recognizing M. l. lutillus as occurring in E Papua, <... [truncated]	Grassland Melomys
13001501	Melomys capensis	Tate 1951	SPECIES			capensis		Melomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.97 p.295			Australia, Queensland, Iron and McIlwraith Ranges of Cape York (north of Cooktown).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Originally described as a subspecies of M. cervinipes by Tate (1951:295), but separated as a distinct species by Baverstock et al. (1980) based on differences in blood proteins; otherwise, M. capensis and M. cervinipes are similar in morphological traits and body size (Watts and Aslin, 1981:82). Other allozymic results presented by Baverstock et al. (1981). Reviewed by Leung (1995), who also presented the first detailed ecological study of the species (Leung, 1999a).	Cape York Melomys
13500346	Sylvilagus floridanus subsp. orinoci	Thomas 1900	SUBSPECIES		orinoci	floridanus	Sylvilagus	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha						Part of a group of subspecies found south of Isthmus of Panama.	
13001502	Melomys caurinus	Thomas 1921	SPECIES			caurinus		Melomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Treubia vol.2 p.112			Recorded only by four specimens from Pulau Karakelang and Pulau Salebabu (MZB) in the Talaud Isls (Helgen, 2003b).		Morphologically very similar to M. leucogaster (Menzies, 1996; our own study of the specimens discussed by Flannery, 1995b). Originally described as a species, but Rümmler (1938) and Ellerman (1941) treated caurinus as a subspecies of M. leucogaster, Musser and Carleton (1993) listed it in the synonymy of that species, and Laurie and Hill (1954) arranged it as a subspecies of M. fulgens. Tate (1951) recognized caurinus as a distinct species as have Flannery (1995b) and Menzies (1996). It is sympatric with M. talaudium, which has a longer tail relative to head and body length, suggesting that M. caurinus may be terrestrial and M. talaudium arboreal (Flannery, 1995b; Thomas, 1921i). Except for tail length these two species are hardly distinguishable in cranial and dental features and to Flannery (1995b:132) "there seems little doubt that these two species have evolved in the Talaud Isls from... [truncated]	Short-tailed Talaud Melomys
13001546	Mus caroli	Bonhote 1902	SPECIES			caroli	Mus	Mus	Muridae	Rodentia	Novit. Zool. vol.9 p.627		boninensis Kishida, 1926 [nomen nudum]; boninensis Kuroda, 1930; formosanus Kuroda, 1925; kurilensis Kuroda, 1924; ouwensi Kloss, 1921.	Natural range probably from Ryukyu Isls (Kaneko, 1994) to Taiwan (M.-J. Yu, 1996, and Wang, 2003), S China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guizhou, Guangxi, Yunnan, Hainan Isl; Wang, 2003, and Zhang et al., 1997) and Hong Kong (Chandrasekar-Rao and Musser, 1993), Vietnam (Dang et al., 1994; also Cat Ba Isl, off north coast; Kuznetsov, 2000), Laos (Aplin et al., 2003c; Smith et al., In Press), Cambodia, and Thailand (N of Isthmus of Kra; J. T. Marshall, Jr., 1977a). Also recorded from Malay Peninsula (S Kedah State), Sumatra, Java, Madura, and Flores Isls in Nusa Tenggara, all places where it was likely inadvertently introduced (Musser and Newcomb, 1983).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>Subgenus Mus. For synonyms see Kaneko and Maeda (2002). Morphologically similar to but easily distinguished (especially by cranial traits) from M. cervicolor (Macholán, 2001; J. T. Marshall, Jr., 1977b); member of a clade containing M. cookii and M. cervicolor as assessed by sequences of several different genes (Graur, 1994; Lundrigan et al., 2002). This alignment also supported by combined analyses of morphological traits, DNA/DNA hybridization, and mitochondrial 12S rRNA sequences (Chevret et al, 2003). Multivariate morphometric analysis by Macholán (2001) of Thai and Vietnamese samples suggested significant morphometric differences between populations from the two geographic regions and Macholán speculated that the Mekong River may impede gene flow between them. Habitat use on Taiwan reported by Adler (1995). Reviewed by Corbet and Hill (1992), who doubted that ouwensi is synonymous with M. caroli. Sterile hybrid females were obtai... [truncated]	Ryukyu Mouse
13001503	Melomys cervinipes	Gould 1852	SPECIES			cervinipes		Melomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Mamm. Aust. vol.pt. 4, 3 p.pl. 14		banfieldi  (De Vis, 1907); bunya Tate, 1951; eboreus Thomas, 1924; limicauda Troughton, 1935; pallidus Troughton and Le Souef, 1929.	Australia; extant range is closed forest and more open habitat along the E Australian coast from Cooktown region of Cape York in Queensland south to Gosford area of New South Wales (Watts and Aslin, 1981:79; Redhead, 1995a:636). Late Pleistocene specimens indicate distribution once extended farther south to the Pyramids Cave region in Victoria (Wakefield, 1972a).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Anatomy of male reproductive tract and spermatozoa reported by Breed and Sarafis (1978), Morrissey and Breed (1982), and Breed (1984, 1986). Chromosomal morphology, G-banding homologies, and results of electrophoretic analyses presented by Baverstock et al. (1977c, 1980, 1981, 1983b), who (1980) reported that M. cervinipes is phylogenetically close to M. capensis but electrophoretically distant, having experienced a rapid rate of protein evolution relative to M. capensis and M. burtoni. Reviewed by Watts and Aslin (1981) and Redhead (1995a).	Fawn-footed Melomys
13001504	Melomys cooperae	Kitchener, in Kitchener and Maryanto 1995	SPECIES			cooperae		Melomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Rec. West. Aust. Mus. vol.17 p.43			Recorded only from Yamdena Isl in the Tanimbar Group of islands.		A member of what Menzies (1996) called the Melomys rufescens Group. Kitchener and Maryanto (1995a) compared this species with M. leucogaster, M. rubicola, M. arcium, M. fulgens, M. talaudium, M. caurinus, and M. rufescens.	Yamdena Island Melomys
13001505	Melomys dollmani	Rümmler 1935	SPECIES			dollmani		Melomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Z. Säugetierk. vol.10 p.106		Although usually listed as a subspecies or synonym of M . rufescens (Flannery, 1990b; Laurie and Hill, 1954; Tate, 1951), M. dollmani is a separate species. It has been collected at the same place as M. rufescens in the Kratke Mtns, on the Upper Ramu River Plateau, in the Okapa area, and at Tomba (specimens in AMNH and BMNH). This is the same species listed as M. gracilis by Musser and Carleton (1993). Musser recently rexamined the specimens described as gracilis from the Owen Stanley Range, both by qualitative observation and discriminant function analysis, and agrees with Menzies (1996) allocation of the taxon to M. rufescens. However, M. dollmanni is not the same as gracilis. In all multivariate analyses it is set well apart from all the other clusters conforming to different geographic groups of M. rufescens (Musser, ms). Compared with M. rufescens from the same area, M. dollmani has a significantly longer head and body, hind foot, and much longer tail; longer skull and incisive foramina, wider interorbit and mastoid breadth, shorter molar row, conspicuously narrower zygomatic plate, lower mandibular ramus; woollier pelage, and 1-3 caudal hairs per scale (a single hair per scale in all M. rufescens examined, including gracilis). The presence of two species of rufescens like Melomys on Mt Hagen and Mt Sisa was was also demonstrated by analysis of allozymic variation (Flannery et al., 1994).	Papua New Guinea; above 1200 m along Central Cordillera in the Eastern Highlands (Garaina area, Wau region, Kratke Mtns, Upper Ramu River Plateau, Okapa area) to slopes of Mt Hagen (Tomba); also apparently Mt Sisa (see Flannery et al., 1994); does not occur east of the Okapa area on mountains of the E peninsula of Papua.			Dollmans Melomys
13001506	Melomys fraterculus	Thomas 1920	SPECIES			fraterculus		Melomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.6 p.428			Endemic to Seram Isl.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Still known only by the type series (2 specimens in BMNH; Helgen, 2003b). Originally described as a species of Uromys, then placed in Pogonomelomys by Rümmler (1938), kept there by Tate (1951), but returned to Melomys by Laurie and Hill (1954). Based on our study of specimens, M. fraterculus shares many derived cranial features with the Australian M. cervinipes complex and may be more closely related to the indigenous Australian Melomys than to those on New Guinea. Menzies (1990:134), however, wrote that "Without more material and additional study it is difficult to say more about it. For the present it is best left in Melomys," and for Flannery (1995b:133) "It may ultimately be necessary to create a new genus for it." Helgen (2003b) promised a review in a forthcoming report.	Manusela Melomys
13001507	Melomys frigicola	Tate 1951	SPECIES			frigicola		Melomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.97 p.303			Known only from the N slopes of the Snow Mtns and nearby Baliem River, 1600-2800 m; probably occurs elsewhere in Pegunungan Maoke.		Originally described as a subspecies of M. lutillus by Tate (1951), retained that way by Laurie and Hill (1954) and Flannery (1995a), but included among the synonyms of M. burtoni by Mahoney and Richardson (1988) and Musser and Carleton (1993). Menzies (1996) elevated frigicola to species rank based on results of morphometric analysis. Most closely related to M. lutillus of New Guinea and M. burtoni of Australia and the Trans-Fly region of New Guinea (see those accounts).	Snow Mountains Grassland Melomys
13600025	Erinaceus roumanicus subsp. nesiotes	Bate 1906	SUBSPECIES		nesiotes	roumanicus		Erinaceus	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha							
13001508	Melomys fulgens	Thomas 1920	SPECIES			fulgens		Melomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.6 p.426			Recorded only from the southern coast of Seram Isl.		Still known only by the holotype and one other specimen (in BMNH; Helgen, 2003b). Originally described as a Uromys, arranged as a subspecies of M. leucogaster by Rümmler (1938) and Ellerman (1941), placed in synonymy of that species by Musser and Carleton (1993), but treated as a distinct species by Tate (1951), Laurie and Hill (1954), Flannery (1995b), and Menzies (1996). Although superficially very similar in its morphology to M. leucogaster, it has a much longer tail relative to length of head and body that is scaleless and calloused near the tip, indicating dorsal prehensility, an adaptation absent in the shorter-tailed M. leucogaster. Reviewed by Flannery (1995b) and Helgen (2003b).	Seram Long-tailed Melomys
13400254	Dasyprocta punctata subsp. nuchalis	Goldman 1917	SUBSPECIES		nuchalis	punctata		Dasyprocta	Dasyproctidae	Rodentia							
13001509	Melomys howi	Kitchener, in Kitchener and Suyanto 1996	SPECIES			howi		Melomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Rec. West. Aust. Mus. vol.18 p.113			Known only from Riama, a small island off the west coast of the larger Pulau Selaru in the Tanimbar Isls.		In its morphology and body size, M. howi is closely related to the New Guinea M. lutillus; its description recalls those in samples from Woodlark, Misima, and Sudest islands east of the Papua New Guinea mainland, which resemble mainland M. lutillus but are larger in body size. Those samples, the specimens from Riama Isl, and series of M. lutillus from mainland New Guinea need to be reanalyzed to determine how many species are actually present in the complex and their relationship to one another. Melomys howi is not closely related to M. cooperae from the large Pulau Yamdena in the Tanimbar Isls; that distinct species is a member of the New Guinea M. rufescens-M. leucogaster complex. Kitchener and Suyanto (1996) provided habitat and other information about M. howi.	Riama Island Melomys
13001510	Melomys leucogaster	Jentink 1908	SPECIES			leucogaster		Melomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Nova Guinea vol.9 p.3		latipes  Tate and Archbold, 1935.	New Guinea; primarily S side of Central Cordillera from the type locality in Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya) east through Papua New Guinea to the Mori River on the mainland (see Flannery, 1995a:296), sea level to 1400 m (Menzies, 1996); also recorded from Jayapura (Hollandia) on north coast of Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya) (Tate, 1951), Yule Isl off the coast of E Papua New Guinea in Central Province, and small treeless offshore islands (Flannery, 1995a).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	A close morphological relative of M. rufescens and placed in "The rufescens Division" of Melomys by Menzies (1996). Tate (1951:307) recorded four specimens (AMNH152842-152845) from Hollandia (Jayapura) on the north coast of Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya, Indonesia), which is way outside of the known range of M. leucogaster, and thought by Menzies (1996:405) to be an error. Musser examined the rats, which are examples of M. leucogaster, and there is no indication in the catalog or other archival documents that they could have been collected elsewhere and mislabeled.	White-bellied Melomys
13001511	Melomys lutillus	Thomas 1913	SPECIES			lutillus		Melomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.12 p.216		Menzies (1996) outlined the range as E New Guinea; we extend it along the N coast to the Lake Sentani region in Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya), the type locality of hintoni.  Menzies did not allocate hintoni to any of the subspecies of M. lutillus he recognized. Menzies included muscalis from the Trans-Fly region as a distinct subspecies of M. lutillus, but we place it in the Australian M. burtoni (see that account). The specimens from Woodlark and Misima Isls are slightly larger in body size than mainland samples of M. lutillus. There are three specimens from Sudest Isl in the Louisiade Arch. (AMNH 159595, 159596, 190566) that represent an undescribed species. Although morphologically related to mainland M. lutillus, they are much larger in body size with conspicuously longer molar rows, larger even than the animals on Woodlark and Misima.	Discontinuous range from the northern lowlands of Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya) throughout Papua New Guinea in foothills and higher in Central Cordillera, from sea level to 1500 m on mainland; not in the Trans-Fly region (Menzies, 1996). Also recorded from Woodlark Isl (AMNH 159593 and 159594), Misima Isl (AMNH 159591, 159592, and 190514), and the Conflict Isls (sample in BMNH) in the Louisiade Arch. east of mainland E Papua (Flannery, 1995b).	hintoni Rümmler, 1935.		Papua Grassland Melomys
13001512	Melomys matambuai	Flannery, Colgan, and Trimble 1994	SPECIES			matambuai		Melomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. vol.114 p.39			Known only by two specimens from Manus Isl.		A member of the "Melomys rufescens Division" (Menzies, 1996) and "very distinct, both in its biochemistry and morphology, and . . . presumably a long-isolated species" (Flannery, 1995b:140). Melomys matambuai is most closely related to M. paveli on Seram Isl., M. bougainville on Manus Isl, and the wide-ranging M. rufescens (Helgen, 2003b; see account of M. paveli).	Manus Island Melomys
13001513	Melomys obiensis	Thomas 1911	SPECIES			obiensis		Melomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.7 p.208			Endemic to Obi and Bisa, Isls, south of Halmahera (Flannery, 1995b; Helgen, 2003b).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Judged by morphological traits, possibly a close relative of M. fraterculus from Seram, and more closely related to Australian Melomys cervinipes than to any New Guinea species, an observation gleaned from Mussers study of specimens and earlier recorded by Tate (1951:297).	Obi Island Melomys
13001521	Mesembriomys macrurus	Peters 1876	SPECIES			macrurus		Mesembriomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin p.355		boweri  (Ramsay, 1887).	N Western Australia and N Northern Territory (Watts and Aslin, 1981:128); probably extinct in NW central region of Western Australia (Mahoney and Richardson, 1988:164). Possibly S New Guinea (Flannery, 1995a:65).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Reviewed by Watts and Aslin (1981) and McKenzie and Kerle (1995), who discussed decline of the species in some regions and other areas where secure populations persist.	Golden-backed Mesembriomys
13001584	Mus vulcani	Robinson and Kloss 1919	SPECIES			vulcani	Coelomys	Mus	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.4 p.378			Endemic to upper montane tropical evergreen rain forests in mountains of W Java.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Coelomys. Originally described as a subspecies of Mycteromys crociduroides (Chasen, 1940), but vulcani is a separate species (based upon Mussers study of specimens of vulcani and crociduroides). Both M. vulcani and M. crociduroides are the only living native Mus recorded from islands on the Sunda Shelf (Musser, 1986; Musser and Newcomb, 1983). Part of the suite of murines endemic to Java (see account of Kadarsanomys sodyi). Curiously, Wang (2003) listed M. vulcani as part of the Chinese fauna from S Yunnan.	Javan Shrew-like Mouse
13001514	Melomys paveli	Helgen 2003	SPECIES			paveli		Melomys	Muridae	Rodentia	J. Zool. London vol.261 p.168			Known only from the type locality.		Represented only by the holotype. Member of the M. rufescens group as defined by Menzies (1996) and originally described as a subspecies of M. rufescens that in body size and pelage coloration is most similar to M. r. niviventer occurring in forest and savannas of the lower Fly and Digul Rivers in S New Guinea (see Menzies, 1996, and Tate, 1951 for characteristics of niviventer). A better hypothesis recognizes paveli as a species related to M. rufescens, M. bougainville, and M. matambuai (see those accounts), for Helgen (2003b:169) noted that paveli "differs in several ways from other mosaic-tailed rats placed in M. rufescens and can probably be considered as distinctive as M. matambuai or M. bougainville, both of which are currently separated from M. rufescens as distinct species." Analyses of additional specimens of paveli using morphological traits and gene sequences may r... [truncated]	Pavels Seram Melomys
13001515	Melomys rubicola	Thomas 1924	SPECIES			rubicola		Melomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.13 p.298			Australia; endemic to Bramble Cay at the extreme N end of the Great Barrier Reef of Queensland (Limpus et al., 1983).	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Studies of blood proteins and morphology suggested M. rubicola was closely related to M. capensis, which is endemic to Cape York in N Queensland (Limpus et al., 1983). Structure of sperm head described by Breed (1984). Reviewed by Watts (1995g).	Bramble Cay Melomys
13001516	Melomys rufescens	Alston 1877	SPECIES			rufescens		Melomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1877 p.124		calidior (Thomas, 1911); gracilis (Thomas, 1906); hageni Troughton, 1937; musavora (Ramsay, 1877); niviventer Tate, 1951; sexplicatus (Jentink, 1907); stalkeri (Thomas, 1904); wisselensis Menzies, 1996.	New Guinea; throughout the island continent, from the Vogelkop in Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya) to the E end of Papua New Guinea, coastal lowlands to high altitudes in mountains (at least 2000 m). Also on islands of New Britain, New Ireland, Mioko, and Lamassa in the Bismarck Arch.; three large islands in E Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya), Yapen, Waigeo, and Salawati; on islands of Blup Blup and Karkar, off northern coast of Papua New Guinea; and on Sideia Isl, off coast of SE Papua New Guinea (Emmons and Kinbag, 2002; Flannery, 1995b; Flannery and White, 1991; Menzies, 1996); Kitchener and Maryanto (1995a:49) recorded it from Wokam Isl in the Aru Isl Group.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as M. gracilis and M. rufescens.	The significant geographic variation in morphological traits present among samples allows recognition of four distinct groups; rufescens from N and W New Guinea and the Bismarck Arch., niviventer from Fly River drainage, stalkeri from E Papua New Guinea, and hageni from the Eastern Highlands (based on Mussers study of specimens in AMNH and BMNH), which is generally concordant with the subspecies recognized by Menzies (1996) in his revision of New Guinea Melomys. Menzies (1996) also described wisselensis from the Wissel Lakes region in Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya) as a subspecies of M. rufescens. Morphologically and likely phylogenetically, M. rufescens is related to M. paveli on Seram Isl, M. matambuai on Manus Isl, and M. bougainville on the northern Solomon islands, and according to Helgen (2003b:170), all four ". . . undoubtedly share a recent common ancestry. . . ."	Black-tailed Melomys
13001517	Melomys spechti	Flannery and Wickler 1990	SPECIES			spechti		Melomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Aust. Mammal. vol.13 p.130			Recorded only from Buka Isl.		A distinctive species known only by archaeological fragments (Flannery and Wickler, 1990).	Buka Island Melomys
13001518	Melomys talaudium	Thomas 1921	SPECIES			talaudium		Melomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.7 p.248			Recorded only from the islands of Karakelang and Salebabu in the Talaud Isls (specimens in BMNH and MZB; Helgen, 2003b).		Morphologically similar to M. leucogaster (Menzies, 1996; our own study of the specimens discussed by Flannery, 1995b). Originally described as a species, but Rümmler (1938) and Ellerman (1941) treated talaudium as a subspecies of M. leucogaster, Musser and Carleton (1993) listed it in the synonymy of that species, and Laurie and Hill (1954) arranged it as a subspecies of M. fulgens. Tate (1951) recognized talaudium as a distinct species as have Flannery (1995b) and Menzies (1996). It is sympatric with M. caurinus, which has a shorter tail relative to head and body length, suggesting that M. caurinus may be terrestrial and M. talaudium arboreal (Flannery, 1995b; Thomas, 1921i). Except for tail length these two species are hardly distinguishable in cranial and dental features and to Flannery (1995b:132) "there seems little doubt that these two species have evolved in the Talaud islands from... [truncated]	Long-tailed Talaud Melomys
13001519	Mesembriomys	Palmer 1906	GENUS					Mesembriomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.19 p.97	Mus hirsutus Gould, 1842 (= Hapalotis gouldii Gray, 1843).	Ammomys  Thomas, 1906 [not Bonaparte, 1831].			PseudomysDivision. Member of the Australian Old Endemics (Musser, 1981c:167), which includes the Conilurini where Baverstock (1984) placed Mesembriomys, and closely related to Leporillus and Conilurus (Watts et al., 1992). Analyses of immunological distances (Watts and Baverstock, 1994b, 1996) and sperm morphology (Breed and Aplin, 1994; Breed, 1997) support the inclusion of Mesembriomys in large clade that includes members of our Hydromys, Xeromys, Pseudomys, and Uromys Divisions from Australia and New Guinea (the "Australasian clade" of Watts and Baverstock, 1995b, 1996), but not our strictly New Guinea Pogonomys Division or Lorentzimys Division. Mahoney and Richardson (1988:164) cataloged taxonomic, distributional, and biological references.	
13001520	Mesembriomys gouldii	Gray 1843	SPECIES			gouldii		Mesembriomys	Muridae	Rodentia	List Specimens Mamm. Coll. Br. Mus. p.116		hirsutus  (Gould, 1842) [not Elliot, 1839]; melvillensis Hayman, 1936; rattoides Thomas, 1924.	Australia; N Western Australia, N Northern Territory, N Queensland, Melville Isl, and Bathurst Isl (Friend, 1991; Watts and Aslin, 1981).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Analyses of chromosomal and electrophoretic data (Baverstock et al., 1977a, c, 1981, 1983b) as well as phallic and dental morphology (Lidicker and Brylski, 1987; Misonne, 1969) indicated M. gouldii is phylogenetically most closely related to species of Conilurus. Reviewed by Watts and Aslin (1981) and Friend and Calaby (1995).	Black-footed Mesembriomys
13500348	Sylvilagus floridanus subsp. superciliaris	J. Allen 1899	SUBSPECIES		superciliaris	floridanus	Sylvilagus	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha						Part of a group of subspecies found south of Isthmus of Panama.	
13001522	Micaelamys	Ellerman 1941	GENUS					Micaelamys	Muridae	Rodentia	Families and Genera of Living Rodents vol.2 p.170	Mus granti Wroughton, 1908.				AethomysDivision. Formerly included in Aethomys as a subgenus, but a variety of data sets ranging from morphological to molecular indicate the two species discussed below belong in a monophyletic group, Micaelamys, separate from that containing species of Aethomys (see generic account of Aethomys). References cited in the following accounts treated granti and namaquensis as species of Aethomys. Including Micaelamys with Aethomys in the same Division is provisional. In phylogenetic analyses of mtDNA cytochrome b sequences, Aethomys (represented by A. chrysophilus and A. kaiseri) is closest to Grammomys, while Micaelamys (M. namaquensis) joins other African genera depending on the analyses (Castiglia et al., 2003b; Ducroz et al., 2001). Phylogenetic analyses employing a broader sampling of not only species in Aethomys but of endemic African murine genera us... [truncated]	
13001523	Micaelamys granti	Wroughton 1908	SPECIES			granti		Micaelamys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.1 p.257			South Africa, known only from the fynbos, succulent karoo, and nama-Karoo biomes (Mugo et al., 1995) in SC South Africa (the Great Karoo region; Chimimba et al., 1999:508; de Graaff, 1997w; Skinner and Smithers, 1990:279).	IUCN  Least Concern as Aethomys granti.	Meester et al. (1986:292) and Chimimba (1998:435) provided historical taxonomic allocations of granti, which ranged from Myomys, through Rattus and Mastomys, and finally to Micaelamys as either genus or subgenus of Aethomys. Reviewed and compared with M. namaquensis, its closest relative, by Skinner and Smithers (1990) and also reviewed by de Graaff (1997w). Analysis of geographic variation (Chimimba et al., 1998) suggested a clinal pattern (southwesterly-northeasterly) with size of cranium negatively correlated with longitude and positively with latitude. No significant steps in the clinal variation were detected and subspecies were not recognized.	Grants Micaelamys
13001524	Micaelamys namaquensis	A. Smith 1834	SPECIES			namaquensis		Micaelamys	Muridae	Rodentia	S. Afr. Quart. J. vol.2 p.160		arborarius Peters, 1852; auricomis De Winton, 1897; avarillus Thomas and Wroughton, 1908; avunculus (Thomas, 1904); calarius Thomas, 1926; capensis Roberts, 1926; centralis Schwann, 1906; drakensbergi Roberts, 1926; epupae Von Lehmann, 1975; grahami Roberts, 1915; klaverensis Roberts, 1926; lechochloides Roberts, 1926; lehocla A. Smith, 1836; longicaudatus Von Lehmann, 1955; monticularis Jameson, 1909; namibensis Roberts, 1946; phippsi Hill and Carter, 1937; siccatus Thomas, 1926; waterbergensis Roberts, 1938.	E Angola (Crawford-Cabral, 1998), South Africa (except parts of Western, Northern, and Eastern Cape provinces, coastal KwaZulu-Natal Province, and Namib Desert; de Graaff, 1997v; Taylor, 1998), Botswana, Zimbabwe, S and C Mozambique (absent from central and coastal regions), S Malawi, and SE Zambia. Range abstracted from Skinner and Smithers (1990:278) and Chimimba et al. (1999:507).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Aethomys namaquensis.	Originally described as a species of Gerbillus (Gerbillinae), subsequently treated as a species of Aethomys (G. M. Allen, 1939), Thallomys (Ellerman, 1941) or Rattus in subgenus Praomys (Ellerman et al., 1953). There is appreciable variation in body size and pelage coloration among geographic samples, but past systematic studies do not recognize subspecies or significant clinal patterns of variation (Chimimba, 1998; Chimimba et al., 1999). A recent intraspecific morphometric analysis across a more comprehensive geographic region in southern Africa suggested recognition of four subspecies (Chimimba, 2001a) in which distributional limits coincide with major phytogeographical zones. Integrity of these subspecific units, however, requires independent testing with molecular data. Non-geographic variation due to sex and age reported by Chimimba and Dippenaar (1994). Of all the species of either Micaelamys or even Aethomys, M. namaque... [truncated]	Namaqua Micaelamys
13001525	Microhydromys	Tate and Archbold 1941	GENUS					Microhydromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.1101 p.2	Microhydromys richardsoni Tate and Archbold, 1941.				HydromysDivision. Member of the New Guinea Old Endemics (Musser, 1981c). Reviewed by Flannery (1989).	
13001526	Microhydromys musseri	Flannery 1989	SPECIES			musseri		Microhydromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. vol.111 p.216			Recorded only from the type locality.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Represented only by the holotype. A very distinct species that is part of a highland fauna endemic to the N coastal ranges of Papua New Guinea (see account of Paraleptomys rufilatus). Its cranial and dental morphology is most like M. richardsoni, but "both possess a number of independent specializations not seen in the other" suggesting that they "have been evolving separately for a considerable period of time" (Flannery, 1989:220). Flannery preferred to include musseri in Microhydromys rather than its own monotypic genus because doing so would highlight its apparent close morphological affinity with richardsoni, at least "until relationships within the group are clarified" (p. 220), but a new genus will likely have to be erected for the species.	Torricelli Mountains Shrew Mouse
13001527	Microhydromys richardsoni	Tate and Archbold 1941	SPECIES			richardsoni		Microhydromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.1101 p.2			New Guinea; scattered localities in hill forest from type locality in Prov. of Papua east to Sogeri in Port Moresby region (Flannery, 1995a:248).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	The smallest-bodied of New Guineas endemic murids, the only one among members of the Hydromys and Xeromys Divisions with longitudinally grooved upper incisors, and known only by five specimens (Flannery, 1995a). Distributional and biological data summarized by Flannery (1989, 1990b, 1995a). In its morphological structure, M. richardsoni is a miniature version of Hydromys but with grooved upper incisors and strictly terrestrial rather than amphibious habitus. It also possesses the primitive cephalic arterial pattern, a conformation shared with species of Xeromys, Crossomys, Hydromys, Paraleptomys, and Parahydromys, but not with Leptomys or the terrestrial New Guinea shrew mice in Pseudohydromys (which includes Mayermys and Neohydromys) that exhibit a derived configuration. Whether the same pattern is present in M. musseri has yet to be determined.	Richardsons Shrew Mouse
13001535	Muriculus	Thomas 1902 "1903"	GENUS					Muriculus	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1902 2 p.314	Mus imberbis Rüppell, 1842.				MusDivision. When Thomas proposed Muriculus he suggested it might be related to Lophuromys, but Osgood (1936) found little affinity between the two genera and instead noted a closer morphological relationship with Mus and Zelotomys. The close tie to Mus is real (Ellerman, 1941), and Misonne (1974) noted that Muriculus might be merged with Mus; however, the middorsal stripe and morphological specializations of rostrum, mandible, incisors, and increased expanse of incisor enamel associated with pronounced proodonty, are not part of the character suite defining Mus and set Muriculus apart as a distinctive genus.	
13001528	Micromys	Dehne 1841	GENUS					Micromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Micromys agilis, Ein Neues Säugetier der Fauna von Dresden p.1	Micromys agilis Dehne, 1841 (= Mus minitus Pallas, 1771).				<p>MicromysDivision. Generic diagnosis based upon molar traits provided by Storch (1987). Molar morphology indicates a close relationship with members of Misonnes (1969) Progonomys group (within a more inclusive Lenothrix-Parapodemus Division), and phylogenetic relationships assessed by microcomplement fixation of albumin (Watts and Baverstock, 1995b) pointed to the Asian Vandeleuria (also a member of Misonnes Progonomys cluster) as the closest living relative of Micromys, an alliance hinted at by Jüdess (1981) interpretation of chromosomal data, and explicitly indicated by Ellerman (1949:132) based upon morphology. Phylogenetic analyses of complete mtDNA cytochrome b sequences by Martin et al. (2000) could not resolve the phylogenetic position of Micromys relative to other murines and deomyines sampled (Apodemus, Mus, Rattus, Acomys), nor could analyses of sequences from the nuclear LCAT (Rob... [truncated]	
13001529	Micromys minutus	Pallas 1771	SPECIES			minutus		Micromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Reise Prov. Russ. Reichs. vol.1 p.454		agilis  Dehne, 1841; aokii Kuroda, 1922 [see Kaneko and Maeda, 2002]; arundinaceus (Petenyi, 1882); arvensis (Leach, 1816) [nomen nudum]; avenarius (Wolf, 1794); batarovi (Kastschenko, 1910); berezowskii Argyropulo, 1929; brauneri Martino, 1930; campestris (Desmarest, 1822); danubialis Simonescu, 1971; erythrotis (Blyth, 1856); fenniae (Hilzheimer, 1911); flavus (Kerr, 1792); hertigi Johnson and Jones, 1955; hondonis Kuroda, 1933 [see Kaneko and Maeda, 2002]; japonicus Thomas, 1906; kastschenkoi Charlamagne, 1915 [see Zagorodnyuk, 1992b]; kurodai Mori, 1942 [see Kaneko and Maeda, 2002]; kytmanovi (Kastschenko, 1910); mehelyi Bolkay, 1925; meridionalis (Costa, 1844); messorius Kerr, 1792; minatus (Schinz, 1840); minimus (White, 1789); oryzivorus (de Sélys-Longchamps, 1841); parvulus (Hermann, 1804) [not Mosanský, 1994]; pendulinus (Hermann, 1804); pianmaensis Peng, 1981; pratensis (Ockskay, 1831); pumilus (F. Cuvier, 1842); pygmaeus (Milne-Edwards, 1872); sareptae (Hilzheimer, 1911); shenshiensis Li, Wu, and Shao, 1965; soricinus (Hermann, 1780); subobscurus Fritsche, 1934; takasagoensis Tokuda, 1939 [nomen nudum; see Kaneko and Maeda, 2002]; takasagoensis Tokuda, 1941 [see Kaneko and Maeda, 2002]; triticeus (Boddaert, 1785); typicus (Barrett-Hamilton, 1899); ussuricus (Barrett-Hamilton, 1899); zhenjiangensis Huang, 1989.	From NW Spain through most of Europe (including Thrace region of Turkey; Krytufek and Vohralík, 2001, but missing from the Alps, Portugal, and most of Sweden, Norway, Italy, and Spain; Mitchell-Jones et al., 1999), across Siberia to Ussuri region and Korea (Won and Smith, 1999), north to about 65°E in European Russia and Yakutia, south to N edge of Caucasus and N Mongolia (Gromov and Erbajeva, 1995); isolated ranges in NW China (Xinjiang) and throughout S and NE China (from SE Xizang in west to Heilongjiang and Nei Mongol in far northeast; Wang, 2003, and Zhang et al., 1997); south to NW Vietnam (Dang et al., 1994), N Burma (Anthony, 1941; Ellerman, 1961), and NE India (Meghalaya and Nagaland; Agrawal, 2000). Island distributions include Britain; Texel, Terschelling, and Ameland off coast of Netherlands in Wadden Sea (Mostert, 1992b; Naber, 1982); Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, and Tsushima), Quelpart Isl (Korea), and Taiwan (M.-J. Yu, 1996); see Corbet (1978c) for details, and map by Gromov and Erbajeva (1995). Possibly introduced to the Japanese Isls because no fossils have ever been found while all the Japanese endemic muroids are represented by Pleistocene and Holocene fossils (Kowalski and Hasegawa, 1976). The species also occurs in Great Britain where it was also probably introduced (Sutcliffe and Kowalski, 1976; Yalden, 1999).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	<p>Reviewed by Corbet (1978c, 1984). Chromosomal information reported by Jüdes (1981), Zima (1983), Lungeanu et al. (1984), Solleder et al. (1984), and Schmid et al. (1987). Results of morphometric analyses of selected European samples and its significance to applying subspecific names to the geographic variation reported by Kratochvíl and Simionescu (1983). Alveolar pattern of molar roots and comparisons with those of Rattus and Apodemus reported by Gallego (1974). Phallic morphology of Chinese samples described by Yang and Fang (1988) in context of assessing relationships among Chinese murines. Haffner (1996) described a tendon-locking mechanism in M. minutus that is engaged when the middle phalanx is bent so that less muscular energy is expended when twigs or stalks are grasped. This structure should be compared with digits in species of the related Vandeleuria and Vernaya.</p><p>European populations reviewed by Böhme (1978a) and Mitc... [truncated]	Harvest Mouse
13001530	Millardia	Thomas 1911	GENUS					Millardia	Muridae	Rodentia	J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. vol.20 p.998	Golunda meltada Gray, 1837.	Grypomys  Thomas, 1911; Guyia Thomas, 1917; Millardomys Sody, 1941.			<p>MillardiaDivision. Listed as a genus by Ellerman in 1941, but later as a subgenus of Rattus (Ellerman, 1961). By 1969, Millardia was again treated as a genus and thought to be closely related to the Indian Cremnomys (Misonne, 1969). Subsequent analyses of morphological features and particularly chromosomal traits have demonstrated the great phylogenetic distance between Rattus and Millardia (Gadi and Sharma, 1983; Mishra and Dhandra, 1975; Raman and Sharma, 1977). Cytogenetic analyses resulted in a phylogenetic hypothesis isolating Millardia and Cremnomys from other Asian genera (Gadi and Sharma, 1983), which is corroborated by analyses of mitochondrial sequences (DNA cytochrome b, 12S and 16S rRNA gene fragments), in which Ducroz et al. (2001:200) found no evidence of close relationship between Millardia and African arvicanthines (contradicting results from DNA/DNA hybridization; Chevret et al., 1994) or between ... [truncated]	
13001531	Millardia gleadowi	Murray 1885 "1886"	SPECIES			gleadowi		Millardia	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1885 p.809			S and C Pakistan on west side of Indus River (Roberts, 1977, 1997) and adjacent NW India (Agrawal, 2000).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	A distinctive species morphologically unlike any other Millardia and adapted to semideserts of shifting sand dunes, clay flats, and rocky hillsides. Raman and Sharma (1977) reported essentially no similarity between karyotypes of M. meltada and M. gleadowi. Its inclusion in Millardia should be reexamined. Indian population reviewed by Agrawal (2000); ecology and distribution in Gujarat State of NW India recorded by Chakraborty and Agrawal (2000).	Sand-colored Metad
13001532	Millardia kathleenae	Thomas 1914	SPECIES			kathleenae		Millardia	Muridae	Rodentia	J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. vol.23 p.29			Apparently endemic to C Burma (Ellerman, 1961).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Sody (1941) proposed the genus Millardomys for this species. Aplin (in litt., 2004) trapped it at Mt Popa and near Pagan, found it absent from surrounding areas, and suspected it to be locally common in the central dry zone of Burma.	Burmese Metad
13001533	Millardia kondana	Mishra and Dhanda 1975	SPECIES			kondana		Millardia	Muridae	Rodentia	J. Mammal. vol.56 p.76			Endemic to India; known only from the Sinhgarh Plateau in the Maharashtra region.	IUCN  Endangered.	Morphological comparisons between this distinctive species and M. gleadowi, M. kathleenae, and M. meltada reported by Mishra and Dhanda (1975). Reviewed by Agrawal (2000).	Large Metad
13001534	Millardia meltada	Gray 1837	SPECIES			meltada		Millardia	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.1 p.586		comberi (Wroughton, 1907); dunni Thomas, 1917; lanuginosus (Elliot, 1839); listoni (Wroughton, 1907); mettada (Wroughton, 1907); pallidior Ryley, 1914; singuri Mandal and Ghosh, 1981.	Sri Lanka; Indian Peninsula west to Gujarat and Rajasthan, north to Himachal Pradesh, and east to West Bengal; E Pakistan; and Terai region of Nepal (Agrawal, 2000, Chakraborty and Agrawal, 2000; Corbet and Hill, 1992; Ellerman, 1961; Rana, 1985).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Cytogenetics of this species is the subject of a substantial body of literature (Nanda and Raman, 1981; Raman and Sharma, 1977; Sobti and Gill, 1984; Yosida, 1978a). Mandal and Ghosh (1981) described singuri as a subspecies of M. meltada. Subspecies formerly recognized in M. meltada (Ellerman, 1961) were based upon differences in fur coloration, but Agrawal (2000) noted the lack of significant geographic pattern in color variation as well as external and cranial dimensions among samples and treated the taxa as synonyms. Habitat and distribution on Abu Hill in the Aravalli Range in Rajasthan, India documented by Prakash et al. (1995a, 1995b), and in Gujarat State of NW India by Chakraborty and Agrawal (2000). Reviewed by Agrawal (2000).	Common Metad
13600024	Erinaceus roumanicus subsp. drozdovskii	V. and E. Martino 1933	SUBSPECIES		drozdovskii	roumanicus		Erinaceus	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha							
13001537	Mus	Linnaeus 1758	GENUS					Mus	Muridae	Rodentia	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.59	Mus musculus Linnaeus, 1758.	Budamys  Kretzoi and Vertes, 1967; Coelomys Thomas, 1915; Drymomys Tschudi, 1844; Gatamiya Deraniyagala, 1966; Hylenomys Thomas, 1925; Leggada Gray, 1837; Leggadilla Thomas, 1914; Musculus Rafinesque, 1814; Mycteromys Robinson and Kloss, 1918; Nannomys Peters, 1876; Oromys Robinson and Kloss, 1916 [not Leidy, 1853]; Pseudoconomys Rhoads, 1896; Pyromys Thomas, 1911; Tautatus Kloss, 1917.			<p>MusDivision. Extant species of Mus are contained in subgenera Coelomys, Mus, Nannomys, and Pyromys, each diagnosed by a suite of discrete morphological traits (see J. T. Marshall, Jr., 1977b, 1986, for diagnoses of Coelomys, Mus, and Pyromys; morphological characters distinguishing each subgenus are listed by Chevret et al., 2003), morphometric features (Macholán, 2001), and biochemical characteristics (Bonhomme, 1986; She et al., 1990). Nannomys, Pyromys, and Coelomys alternatively have been treated as genera (Bonhomme, 1986; She et al., 1990). The DNA-DNA hybridization and morphological study by Catzeflis and Denys (1992) using selected species of subgenera Nannomys, Pyromys, Coelomys, and Mus indicated the two African species sampled are more closely allied to Mus than to other African and European non Mus genera sampled, and at least ... [truncated]	
13001538	Mus	Linnaeus 1758	SUBGENUS				Mus	Mus	Muridae	Rodentia	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.59	Mus musculus Linnaeus, 1758.					
13001540	Coelomys	Thomas 1915	SUBGENUS				Coelomys	Mus	Muridae	Rodentia							
13001541	Pyromys	Thomas 1911	SUBGENUS				Pyromys	Mus	Muridae	Rodentia							
13001542	Mus baoulei	Vermeiren and Verheyen 1980	SPECIES			baoulei	Nannomys	Mus	Muridae	Rodentia	Rev. Zool. Afr. vol.94 p.573			Known only from Côte dIvoire and E Guinea (Grubb et al., 1998, guessed the species may reach Ghana or Sierra Leone).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Nannomys. Occurs sympatrically with M. minutoides and M. setulosus, morphology closely similar to species in the M. sorella group (Vermeiren and Verheyen, 1980). The diagnostic traits reported for M. baoulei by Vermeiren and Verheyen (1980) are those that set M. sorella apart from other species of Mus (Verheyen, 1965a). Judged by their description, M. baoulei is distinguished from M. sorella by smaller size, a contrast that also exists between M. sorella and M. neavei (see that account). The relationship of baoulei to other members of the M. sorella group requires fresh assessment.	Baoules Mouse
13001543	Mus booduga	Gray 1837	SPECIES			booduga	Mus	Mus	Muridae	Rodentia	Mag. Nat. Hist. [Charlesworth's] vol.1 p.586		albidiventris Blyth, 1852 [not Burg, 1923]; fulvidiventris Blyth, 1852; lepidoides (Fry, 1931); weragami (Deraniyagala, 1965).	Sri Lanka, Peninsular India (north to Jammu and Kashmir; Agrawal, 2000; Chakraborty and Agrawal, 2000), Bangladesh (Posamentier, 1989), S Nepal and C Burma (Corbet and Hill, 1992), and Pakistan (Roberts, 1977, 1997; J. T. Marshall, Jr., 1998).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Mus. Revised by J. T. Marshall, Jr. (1977b). Results from chromosomal analyses reported by Sen and Sharma (1983) and Sharma et al. (1986) in context of evolutionary divergence relative to other species of Mus. Chromosomal information along with molecular data (allozymes, serum proteins, mtDNA sequences) used by Sharma (1996) in a comparative study with other species of Mus. Corbet and Hill (1992) suspected the species to be widespread but its distribution poorly known because of confusion with the morphologically similar M. terricolor. They listed terricolor Blyth, 1851 and beavanii Peters, 1866 as synonyms of M. booduga, but the former is the oldest name for M. dunni and the latter is a synonym of terricolor. Agrawal (2000) reviewed the Indian populations and treated dunni and terricolor as synonyms of M. booduga. In a morphometric study of samples from the C Punjab region of N Pakistan... [truncated]	Little Indian Field Mouse
13001544	Mus bufo	Thomas 1906	SPECIES			bufo	Nannomys	Mus	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.18 p.145		ablutus  G. M. Allen and Loveridge, 1939; wambutti (Lönnberg and Gyldenstolpe, 1925).	E Dem. Rep. Congo (Kivu region), adjacent Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi; a montane Western Rift endemic.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Nannomys. In body size and morphology, M. bufo superficially resembles the large-bodied M. triton, but they are distinguished by dental traits and tail length (F. Petter and Matthey, 1975) as well as karyotypes (Robbins and Baker, 1978), and occur together in the Kivu region of E Dem. Rep. Congo (specimens in AMNH). Electrophoretic analysis of 19 protein enzymes at 24 loci indicated M. bufo to be more closely related to M. gratus (= M. minutoides) than to M. triton (Van Rompaey et al., 1984). Chromosomal data for Burundi samples reported by Maddalena et al. (1989). Altitudinal distribution on Ugandan slopes of Ruwenzori Mtns reviewed by Kerbis Peterhans et al. (1998); documented from Kalinzu Forest in SW Uganda by Lunde and Sarmiento (2002), and from Kibale Forest by Hoffmann (1997).	Toad Mouse
13001545	Mus callewaerti	Thomas 1925	SPECIES			callewaerti	Nannomys	Mus	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.15 p.668			Recorded only from NE and C Angola (Crawford-Cabral, 1998), S and W Dem. Rep. Congo; limits unknown.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Nannomys. Thomas described this species as a member of the genus Hylenomys, which is now united with Mus (Hill and Carter, 1941; Misonne, 1965a) as a synonym of Nannomys. It is the largest-bodied of any of the African Mus (F. Petter and Matthey, 1975), has ivory incisors and very large auditory bullae, and in external features resembles M. triton, which misled Hatt (1940a) into treating callewaerti as a subspecies of triton. Misonne (1965a) summarized distributional and other information.	Callewaerts Mouse
13700564	Sorex pacificus subsp. pacificus	Coues 1877	SUBSPECIES		pacificus	pacificus	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Bull. U.S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr. vol.3 3 p.650						
13001547	Mus cervicolor	Hodgson 1845	SPECIES			cervicolor	Mus	Mus	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.15 p.268		annamensis  (Robinson and Kloss, 1922); cunicularis Blyth, 1855; imphalensis (Roonwal, 1948); nitidulus Blyth, 1859; popaeus (Thomas, 1919); strophiatus Hodgson, 1845.	Indigenous range from N India (Jammu, Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, Sikkim, West Bengal, Meghalaya, and Manipur; Agrawal, 2000) and Nepal east through Burma, Thailand (J. T. Marshall, Jr., 1977a; Robinson et al., 1995), Laos (Aplin et al., 2003c; Smith et al., In Press), Cambodia, Vietnam (Dang et al., 1994), and S China (Yunnan; Wang, 2003, and Zhang et al., 1997); see overall distribution in J. T. Marshall, Jr. (1977a). Also recorded from Sumatra and Java where it has likely been inadvertently introduced (Musser and Newcomb, 1983). Mandal and Ghosh (1984) reported a specimen from South Andaman Isl in the Andaman Isls; whether representative of natural range or anthropogenic introduction is unknown ("most likely introduced," J. T. Marshall, Jr., in litt., 2004). Roberts (1977, 1997) reported the species from C and S Pakistan but that identification requires verification.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Mus. Closely related to Mus caroli in morphology (Macholán, 2001); a member of a clade containing M. cookii and M. caroli as assessed by sequences from several different genes (Graur, 1994; Lundrigan et al., 2002), and combined analyses of morphological traits, DNA/DNA hybridization, and mitochondrial 12S rRNA sequences (Chevret et al., 2003). J. T. Marshall, Jr. (1977b) recognized two subspecies in Thailand, the large-bodied T. c. popaeus found in forests, and the smaller-bodied T. c. cervicolor inhabiting ricefields, with some intermediates in forest near Tak,NW Thailand. Macholáns (2001) multivariate analysis of morphometric traits could not distinguish samples of the two kinds, and he noted their respective ranges formed a mosaic defined by habitat discontinuities; the two subspecies are also indistinguishable by molecular markers (Auffray et al., 2003). Reviewed by Corbet and Hill (1992). Mus cervicolor has resided ... [truncated]	Fawn-colored Mouse
13001548	Mus cookii	Ryley 1914	SPECIES			cookii	Mus	Mus	Muridae	Rodentia	J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. vol.22 p.663		darjilingensis Hodgson, 1849 [holotype is example of M. cookii, but name is a nomen nudum; J. T. Marshall, Jr., 1977b, 1998]; nagarum (Thomas, 1921); palnica (Thomas, 1923); rahengis (Kloss, 1920); thai (Kloss, 1917).	India (disjunct, one part in S Peninsular India, the other in the northeast; Agrawal, 2000), Nepal through Burma and S China (SW Yunnan; Wang, 2003; Zhang et al., 1997, as M. famulus cookii) to N and C Thailand (J. T. Marshall, Jr., 1977a; Robinson et al., 1995), Laos (Smith et al., In Press), and Vietnam (Dang et al., 1994).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Mus. Revised by J. T. Marshall, Jr. (1977b) and reviewed by Corbet and Hill (1992). Analysis of sequences from the Sry gene indicates close alliance with M. cervicolor (Graur, 1994), and combined analyses of morphological traits, DNA/DNA hybridization, and mitochondrial 12S rRNA sequences bring M. cooki together with M. cervicolor and M. caroli in a clade separate from a clade of European species (Chevret et al., 2003). Except for M. musculus, M. cooki is the only species of Mus common to peninsular India and Southeast Asia, but phylogenetic relationships between populations in these two regions have not been critically examined and perhaps more than one species is present in what is now defined as M. cooki. Agrawal (2000), for example, recognized typical cooki with a skull longer than 23 mm, and M. c. nagrum with skull length less than 23 mm. J. T. Marshall, Jr. (1977b:202) descr... [truncated]	Cooks Mouse
13001549	Mus crociduroides	Robinson and Kloss 1916	SPECIES			crociduroides	Coelomys	Mus	Muridae	Rodentia	J. Str. Br. Roy. Asiat. Soc. vol.73 p.271			Upper montane rain forest in mountain chain along W Sumatra.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Coelomys. A distinct montane species endemic to the mountains of W Sumatra (Musser, 1986; Musser and Newcomb, 1983). Listed by Chasen (1940) as a species of Mycteromys, which also contained the Javan M. vulcani, the closest relative of M. crociduroides. Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial 12S rRNA sequences clustered M. crociduroides with M. pahari (Catzeflis and Denys, 1992; Chevret et al., 2003), reinforcing the alliance indicated by morphological traits (Chevret et al., 2003; J. T. Marshall, Jr., 1977b)  both are in subgenus Coelomys. Member of the suite of murines endemic to Sumatra (Musser, 1986; also see account of Maxomys hylomyoides).	Sumatran Shrewlike Mouse
13001550	Mus famulus	Bonhote 1898	SPECIES			famulus	Mus	Mus	Muridae	Rodentia	J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. vol.12 p.99			An Indian endemic recorded only from the Western Ghats (= Sahyadris) in tropical evergreen rain forest covering the Nilgiri Hills in SW peninsular India, about 1500 m (Agrawal, 2000; Corbet and Hill, 1992).	IUCN  Endangered.	Subgenus Mus. Revised by J. T. Marshall, Jr. (1977b); reviewed by Agrawal (2000) and Corbet and Hill (1992). Originally considered a member of subgenus Coelomys along with M. vulcani, M. crociduroides, M. mayori, and M. pahari (J. T. Marshall, Jr., 1977b [Marshall acknowledges his mistake and now supports the subgeneric allocation identified here; in litt., 2004). However, recent analyses of morphological traits, DNA/DNA hybridization, and mitochondrial 12S rRNA sequences indicates close relationship with European (M. spicilegus, M. spretus, and M. musculus) and Asian (M. cervicolor, M. cookii, and M. caroli) clades within subgenus Mus (Chevret et al., 2003; Guénet and Bonhomme, 2003); molecular data place M. famulus as sister to first M. fragilicauda and then the European clade (see review by Guénet and Bonhomme, 2003), but morphology nests it within the Asian ... [truncated]	Servant Mouse
13001551	Mus fernandoni	Phillips 1932	SPECIES			fernandoni	Pyromys	Mus	Muridae	Rodentia	Spolia Zeylan. vol.16 p.325			Endemic to Sri Lanka.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Pyromys. Revised by J. T. Marshall, Jr. (1977b); reviewed by Corbet and Hill (1992) and Phillips (1980).	Ceylon Spiny Mouse
13600026	Erinaceus roumanicus subsp. pallidus	Stroganov 1957	SUBSPECIES		pallidus	roumanicus		Erinaceus	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha							
13001585	Mylomys	Thomas 1906	GENUS					Mylomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.18 p.224	Mylomys cuninghamei Thomas, 1906 (= Golunda dybowskii Pousargues, 1893).				ArvicanthisGroup. The Indian Golunda and Mylomys are usually considered close relatives of each other, but Musser (1987b) discussed traits that indicated their distant relationship and a closer phylogenetic alliance between Mylomys and Pelomys, which is substantiated by mtDNA sequences of cytochrome b and 12S and 16S rRNA gene fragments (Ducroz et al., 2001). Those latter two genera are members of a division that includes Arvicanthis, Lemniscomys, and Rhabdomys as assessed by morphological data (Musser, 1987b). The molecular results of Ducroz et al. also indicate that Desmomys belongs with this assemblage, and that Mylomys, Pelomys, and Arvicanthis form one lineage, Desmomys and Rhabdomys a second, and a third contains only Lemniscomys.	
13001552	Mus fragilicauda	Auffray, Orth, Catalan, Gonzalez, Desmarais, and Bonhomme 2003	SPECIES			fragilicauda	Mus	Mus	Muridae	Rodentia	Zoologica Scripta vol.32 p.121		Subgenus Mus . Known by 21 specimens collected in dry grass and patches of pygmy bamboo along roadsides or dikes bordering dry ricefields; M. cervicolor and M. caroli were taken at the same localities. Mus fragilicauda closely resembles M. cervicolor in morphology, differing in some cranial measurements and qualitative traits, fur texture, and its thinner skin that is easily pulled from the tail when mice are handled (Auffray et al., 2003); the two also differ in chromosomal features. Analyses of DNA sequences indicates M. fragilicauda to be cladistically aligned most closely first with Indian M. famulus and then with European M. musculus, M. macedonicus, M. spicilegus, and M. spretus, but not closely with Asian M. cervicolor, M. caroli, or M. cookii (Guénet and Bonhomme, 2003). This recently described species was not identified in the field but in the laboratory after exhaustive morphological, chromosomal, and molecular analyses.	Recorded from the type locality and Tumbon, both places 50 km SSE of Khorat. Either this taxon or a close relative (DNA sequences are weakly divergent) is present in Sekong Province of Laos (K. Aplin, in litt., 2004). Additional field surveys and reexamination of museum specimens may reveal an even wider range.			Sheath-Tailed Mouse
13001553	Mus goundae	F. Petter and Genest 1970	SPECIES			goundae	Nannomys	Mus	Muridae	Rodentia	Mammalia vol.34 p.455			Recorded only from the vicinity of the type locality (Jotterand, 1972); limits unknown.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Subgenus Nannomys. F. Petter (1981b) treated M. goundae as a species related to others in the M. sorella group, but the nature of that alliance remains unresolved (see account of M. sorella). Chromosomal data reported by Jotterand (1972).	Gounda Mouse
13001554	Mus haussa	Thomas and Hinton 1920	SPECIES			haussa	Nannomys	Mus	Muridae	Rodentia	Novit. Zool. vol.27 p.319			Senegal (Duplantier and Granjon, 1992) and S Mauritania through Mali, Côte dIvoire, Burkina Faso, Ghana, S Niger (Dobigny et al., 2002b), and Benin to N Nigeria; limits undocumented.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Nannomys. Body size, pelage color and pattern, and other morphological traits of M. haussa are very similar to those of M. tenellus (F. Petter, 1963c, 1972a; Rosevear, 1969), and F. Petter (1969) considered combining them; relationship between the two needs to be assessed by systematic revision of the M. tenellus complex. Chromosomal data (2n = 31-34, FN = 38) reported by Dogigny et al. (2002), Jotterand (1972), and Matthey (1967a). Ghana population reviewed by Grubb et al. (1998). Abundant in owl pellets reported from S Mali (Meinig, 2000).	Hausa Mouse
13001555	Mus indutus	Thomas 1910	SPECIES			indutus	Nannomys	Mus	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.5 p.89		deserti  (Thomas, 1912); pretoriae (Roberts, 1926); valschensis (Roberts, 1926).	N South Africa, W Zimbabwe, Botswana, C and N Namibia (de Graaff, 1997n:143; Skinner and Smithers, 1990:264); also S Angola (Crawford-Cabral, 1998).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Nannomys. Skinner and Smithers (1990) and Meester et al. (1986) discussed the morphological and chromosomal distinctions between M. indutus and M. minutoides. Skinner and Smithers (1990) also summarized biological data, and Meester et al. (1986) provided citations for synonyms. Definition of this species is ambiguous (Meester et al., 1986; Skinner and Smithers, 1990). Meester et al. (1986) included the Angolan sybilla in M. indutus, but our study of the holotype revealed that sybilla belongs with M. minutoides.	Desert Pygmy Mouse
13001556	Mus macedonicus	Petrov and Ruzic 1983	SPECIES			macedonicus	Mus	Mus	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Fauna SR Serbia, Serbian Acad. Sci. and Arts, Belgrade vol.2 p.177		camini Bate, 1942; makovensis Orlov, Nadjafova, and Bulatova, 1992; spretoides Bonhomme, Catalan, Britton-Davidian, Chapman, Moriwaki, Nevo, and Thaler, 1984 [nomen nudum; J. T. Marshall, Jr., 1998].	Mediterranean environments in the Balkan Peninsula (Macedonia, Bulgaria south of the Stara Planina Mtns to Greece and some Aegean islands; Mitchell-Jones et al., 1999:285; Peshev, 1996; Petrov, 1992), Turkey, Transcaucasia (Gromov and Erbajeva, 1995, as abbotti), N and W Iran (see map in J. T. Marshall, Jr. 1998), Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, and Israel (Auffray et al., 1988, 1990b); see Macholán (1996a) for distributional details. Recorded also from Cyprus (Cheylan, 1991, as abbotti; Cucchi et al., 2002).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>Subgenus Mus. Originally described as a subspecies of M. hortulanus (Petrov and Ruzic, 1983), but now recognized as a separate species (Boursot et al., 1993; Bonhomme, 1986; Macholán, 1996a, 1996c; J. T. Marshall, Jr., 1998; Sage, et al., 1993; and references cited therein). Mus macedonicus was first recognized as a distinct species by Kratochvil (1986), who monographed it as M. abbotti, the name still used by some researchers (Cheylan, 1991; Mezhzherin and Kotenkova, 1992; Orlov et al., 1992b, Gromov and Erbajeva, 1995, e. g.), but the holotype of abbotti is an example of M. musculus domesticus (Boursot et al., 1993; J. T. Marshall, Jr., 1998). The taxon tataricus, another synonym of M. musculus domesticus, has also been used by Russian researchers for M. macedonicus (Mezhzherin and Kotenkova, 1992; Kotenkova and Bulatova, 1994; also see discussion in Mitchell-Jones et al., 1999:284). Orlov e... [truncated]	Macedonian Mouse
13001562	Mus musculus	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			musculus	Mus	Mus	Muridae	Rodentia	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.62		albicans  Billberg, 1827; amurensis Argyropulo, 1933; arenarius Migulin, 1938; bicolor Tichomirow and Kortchagin, 1889; borealis Ognev, 1924; decolor Argyropulo, 1932; funereus Ognev, 1924; gansuensis Satunin, 1902; germanicus Noack, 1918; gilvus Petényi, 1882; hanuma Ognev, 1948; hapsaliensis Reinwaldt, 1927; helvolus Fitzinger, 1867 [nomen nudum]; heroldii Krausse, 1922; hortulanus Nordmann, 1840; kambei Kishida and Mori, 1931 [nomen nudum]; kuro Kuroda, 1940 [see Kaneko and Maeda, 2002]; longicauda Mori, 1939 [see Kaneko and Maeda, 2002]; manchu Thomas, 1909; mongolium Thomas, 1908; niveus Billberg, 1827; nogaiorum Heptner, 1934; orii Kuroda, 1924 [see Kaneko and Maeda, 2002]; oxyrrhinus Kashkarov, 1922; pachycercus Blanford, 1875; polonicus Niezabitowsky, 1934; raddei Kastschenko, 1910; rotans Fortuyn, 1912; rufiventris Argyropulo, 1932; sareptanicus Hilzheimer, 1911; severtzovi Kashkarov, 1922; solymarensis Kretzoi, in Jánossy, 1986 [nomen nudum according to Kowalski, 2001]; striatus Billberg, 1827; synanthropus Kretzoi, 1965; takagii Kishida and Mori, 1931 [nomen nudum]; takayamai Kuroda, 1938 [see Kaneko and Maeda, 2002]; tomensis Kastschenko, 1899; utsuryonis Mori, 1938 [see Kaneko and Maeda, 2002]; variabilis Argyropulo, 1933; vinogradovi Argyropulo, 1933; wagneri Eversmann, 1848; yamashinai Kuroda, 1934 [see Kaneko and Maeda, 2002]; yesonis Kuroda, 1928 [see Kaneko and Maeda, 2002]; bactrianus Blyth, 1846; castaneus Waterhouse, 1843; albertisii Peters and Doria, 1881; bieni Young, 1934; canacorum Revilloid, 1914; commissarius Mearns, 1905; dubius Hodgson, 1845 [not Fischer, 1829]; dunckeri Mohr, 1923; fredericae Sody, 1933; manei Gray, 1843 [nomen nudum]; manei Kelaart, 1852; mohri Ellerman, 1941; momiyamai Kuroda, 1920 [see Kaneko and Maeda, 2002]; mystacinus Mohr, 1923 [not Danford and Alston, 1877]; nipalensis Hodgson, 1841 [nomen nudum]; rama Blyth, 1865; sinicus Cabrera, 1922; taitensis Zelebor, 1869 [probably nomen nudum]; taiwanus Horikawa, 1929 [not Tokuda, 1941; see Kaneko and Maeda, 2002]; tytleri Blyth, 1859; urbanus Hodgson, 1845; viculorum Anderson, 1879; domesticus Schwarz and Schwarz, 1943 [not Rutty, 1772, a nomen nudum, but conserved as domesticus Schwarz and Schwarz, 1943; see explanation and references in J. T. Marshall, Jr., 1998, and ICZN, 1990]; abbotti Waterhouse, 1837; adelaidensis Gray, 1841; airolensis Burg, 1921; albidiventris (Burg, 1923) [not Blyth, 1852]; albinus Minà Palumbo, 1868; albus Bechstein, 1801; ater Fraipont, 1907 [nomen nudum; not Millais, 1905]; azoricus Schinz, 1845; brevirostris Waterhouse, 1837; deserti (Loche, 1867) [see Cockrum and Setzer, 1976]; candidus Laurent, 1937 [not Bechstein, 1796]; caudatus Martino, 1934; corsicus Kratochvil, 1986; faeroensis Clarke, 1904; far Cabrera, 1921; flavescens Fischer, 1872 [not Elliot, 1839, or Waterhouse, 1837]; flavus Bechstein, 1801 [not Kerr, 1792]; formosovi Heptner, 1930; gentilis Brants, 1827; gerbillinus Blyth, 1853; helgolandicus Zimmerman, 1953; helviticus Burg, 1923; homourus Hodgson, 1845; indianus Wied, 1862; jalapae J. A. Allen and Chapman, 1897; jamesoni Krausse, 1921; kalehpeninsularis Goodwin, 1940; lundii Fitzinger, 1867 [nomen nudum]; makovensis Orlov, Nadjafova, and Bulatova, 1992; maculatus Bechstein, 1801; major Severtzov, 1873 [not Brants, 1827, or Pallas, 1779]; melanogaster Minà Palumbo, 1868; microdontoides Noack, 1889; modestus Wagner, 1842; muralis Barrett-Hamilton, 1899; mykinessiensis Degerbol, 1940; nattereri Fitzinger, 1867 [nomen nudum]; niger Bechstein, 1801 [not Bechstein, 1796]; nudoplicatus Gaskoin, 1856; pallescens Heuglin, 1877; parvulus Tschudi, 1844 [not Hermann, 1804, or Mosanský, 1994]; percnonotus Moulthrop, 1942; peruvianus Peale, 1848; poschiavinus Fatio, 1869; praetextus Brants, 1827; rubicundus Minà Palumbo, 1868; simsoni Higgins and Petterd, 1883; subcaeruleus Fritsche, 1928 [not Lesson, 1842]; subterraneus Montessus, 1899; tataricus Satunin, 1908; theobaldi Blyth, 1853; orientalis Cretzschmar, 1826 [not Desmarest, 1819]; vignaudii Des Murs and Prévost, 1850; gentilulus Thomas, 1919. Not allocated to subspecies: albula Kishida, 1924 [Japan; see Kaneko and Maeda, 2002]; cinereomaculatus Fitzinger, 1867 [Europe, nomen nudum]; molossinus Temminck, 1844 [Japan; holotype is hybrid between castaneus and musculus; J. T. Marshall, Jr., 1998]; nordmanni Keyserling and Blasius, 1840 [nomen nudum]; reboudi Loche, 1867 [Lataste, 1883a, and Cabrera, 1923, identified this as a house mouse; J. T. Marshall, Jr. treated it as a synonym of domesticus but noted from the original description that the tail is too long for M. spretus and the eye was gerbil-like; Kowalski and Rzebik-Kowalska, 1991, claimed the holotype to be lost and the name should be treated as nomen dubium]; tantillus G. M. Allen, 1927 [holotype is a hybrid between musculus and castaneus; J. T. Marshall, Jr., 1998]; varius Fitzinger, 1867 [not Bechstein, 1796; Europe, nomen nudum]; yonakuni Kuroda, 1924 [S Ryukyu Isls; description seems to indicate hybrid between castaneus and musculus and such a phenetic mixture is reflected in specimens from Okinawa identified by J. T. Marshall, Jr.; see also Kaneko and Maeda, 2002]. 	Spread over the worlds continents and islands (except Antarctica) through its close association with humans (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; J. T. Marshall, Jr., 1998); in some areas restricted to human dwellings and habitats maintained by human activity; sometimes feral where introduced; and maintaining natural, wild populations in other regions. Distributional summaries available for Europe (Mitchell-Jones et al., 1999), Italy (Amori et al., 1999; Andreotti et al., 2001), Eolian Arch. (Cristaldi and Amori, 1988), Netherlands (Wammes, 1992b), Greek island of Astpálaia (Angelici et al., 1992) and other Greek Isls (Chondropoulos et al., 1995), Balearic Isls (Alcover and Gosalbez, 1988), Slovakia (Mosansky, 1994; Stanko, 1995; Stanko and Mosansky, 1994, 2000), Czech Republic (Smaha, 1996), Transylvanian Romania (Istrate, 1998), Baltic region (Miljutin, 1998; Timm et al., 1998), Russia and adjacent regions (Gromov and Erbajeva, 1995), Svjatoj Nos peninsula and isthmus in Lake Baikal (Reiter et al., 1995) and Kamchatka region (Nikanorov, 2000) in Russia, Korea (Won and Smith, 1999), Philippines (Heaney et, al., 1998), India (Agrawal, 2000), Vietnam (Dang et al., 1994), China (Zhang et al., 1997), Australia (Redhead et al., 1991; Singleton, 1995; Watts and Aslin, 1981), New Guinea (Flannery, 1995a), New Zealand (Murphy and Pickard, 1990), Mariana Isls (Stinson, 1994), Hawaii (Tomich, 1986), and Africa (Ansell, 1978; Ansell and Dowsett, 1988; Aulagnier and Thevenot, 1986; Crawford-Cabral, 1998; Dobigny et al., 2002b; de Graaff, 1981; Duplantier et al., 1997; Grubb et al., 1998; Osborn and Helmy, 1980; Ranck, 1968; Skinner and Smithers, 1990).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>Subgenus Mus. Schwarz and Schwarz (1943) provided a revision that was followed with minor changes by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951). This arrangement was criticized by Jones and Johnson (1965:394) who found that specimens from Asia that they studied "bear little or no relation to this idealized classification." Subsequent treatments of this group were presented by J. T. Marshall, Jr. (1977b, 1981, 1986, 1998) and J. T. Marshall, Jr. and Sage (1981). The most recent classification combined biochemical analyses of European, Asian, and African mice (Bonhomme et al., 1984; Boursot et al., 1993, 1996; Prager et al., 1998). The translation of these results, as well as incorporation of morphological data, into a new classification of Mus musculus and its allies (J. T. Marshall, Jr, 1998), and the allocation of the many names to M. musculus, are surprisingly concordant with the treatment of Schwarz and Schwarz (1943). Some of the scientific n... [truncated]	House Mouse
13001557	Mus mahomet	Rhoads 1896	SPECIES			mahomet	Nannomys	Mus	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia p.532		emesi Heller, 1911.	Ethiopian highlands, 1500-3400 m (Lavrenchenko, 2000; Rupp, 1980; Yalden et al., 1976, 1996; specimens in FMNH), SW Uganda and SW Kenya (specimens in USNM); limits unknown.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Nannomys. Heller (1911) described emesi as a subspecies of M. musculoides, but Hollister (1919:96) and Hatt (1940a) treated it as a distinct species. Mussers study of Hatt's specimens from NE Dem. Rep. Congo (in AMNH) revealed they consisted of M. minutoides and M. sorella. The holotype of emesi and most of Hollister's other examples from Uganda do represent a species distinct from M. minutoides; in morphology and chromatic traits, we cannot distinguish the series of emesi from the large samples of mahomet collected by Osgood in Ethiopia. Mus mahomet is sympatric with M. minutoides in Uganda and Kenya and narrowly sympatric or closely parapatric with M. setulosus in Ethiopia (Yalden et al., 1976; specimens in FMNH). Yalden and Largen (1992) reviewed the species as an Ethiopian endemic. Karyotype (2n = FN = 36) documented by Orlov and Bulatova (1997), spermatozoal morphology described by... [truncated]	Mahomet Mouse
13001558	Mus mattheyi	F. Petter 1969	SPECIES			mattheyi	Nannomys	Mus	Muridae	Rodentia	Mammalia vol.33 p.118			Recognized only from the type locality.	IUCN  Data Deficient.	Subgenus Nannomys. This form has been recorded from Senegal, Côte dIvoire, Burkina Faso, and Ghana (Duplantier and Granjon, 1992; Grubb et al., 1998; F. Petter, 1969; F. Petter et al., 1971; F. Petter and Matthey, 1975), but after studying large series (in MNHN and USNM) of the M. haussa and M. minutoides complexes from West Africa, we are unable to assign anything to M. mattheyi. The morphological traits used to distinguish M. mattheyi from M. haussa by F. Petter (1969) and F. Petter and Matthey (1975) vary in a continuous fashion from typical M. haussa morphology to that considered diagnostic for M. mattheyi. The status of M. mattheyi needs to be reassessed in a taxonomic revision of the group. A chromosomal complement of 2n = 36, FN = 36 characterizes samples identified as M. matheyi and is considered primitive for African Mus (Jotterand-Bellomo, 1986; F. Petter, 1969).	Mattheys Mouse
13001559	Mus mayori	Thomas 1915	SPECIES			mayori	Coelomys	Mus	Muridae	Rodentia	J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. vol.23 p.415		pococki  Ellerman, 1947 [not Tichomirow and Kortchagin, 1889].	Endemic to rainforests of Sri Lanka.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Coelomys. Recognized by Ellerman (1941:234) as the only species in genus Coelomys, but morphological and molecular traits support inclusion of M. mayori in a clade also containing M. crociduroides, M. pahari, and M. vulcani, and point to Coelomys as a highly distinct subgenus of Mus (Chevret et al., 2003; J. T. Marshall, Jr., 1977b). Phillips (1980) recognized highland mayori and lowland pococki as subspecies, and summarized distributional and biological information for both. J. T. Marshall, Jr. (1977b) and Corbet and Hill (1992) discussed variation in pelage coloration and texture within each form, and neither regarded those traits to reflect significant intraspecific entities.	Mayors Mouse
13001560	Mus minutoides	Smith 1834	SPECIES			minutoides	Nannomys	Mus	Muridae	Rodentia	S. Afr. Quart. J., ser. 2 vol.2 p.157		marica  (Thomas, 1910); minimus (Peters, 1852) [not White, 1789]; umbratus (Thomas, 1910).	Southern African Subregion: Zimbabwe, Mozambique (south of the Zambezi River), southern and eastern regions of South Africa (S Northern Cape, Western Cape, and Eastern Cape provinces; KwaZulu-Natal, Lesotho, Free State, C and E Limpopo provinces), and Swaziland; northern limits unresolved (de Graaff, 1997o; Meester et al., 1986:283; Skinner and Smithers, 1990:264).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Nannomys. Relationship of this species to M. musculoides has to be assessed by careful systematic revision of the minutoides-musculoides complex (see following account). Until such a study reveals otherwise, we view M. minutoides as occurring only in the Southern African Subregion, as the range of the species is outlined by de Graaf (1997o) and Skinner and Smithers (1990). Pertinent reviews covering taxonomy, morphology, distribution, and biology are available for populations in Zimbabwe (Smithers and Wilson, 1979), Mozambique (south of the Zambezi River; Smithers and Lobao Tello, 1976), KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa (Taylor, 1998); and the Southern African Subregion (de Graaff, 1997o; Skinner and Smithers, 1990).	Southern African Pygmy Mouse
13001561	Mus musculoides	Temminck 1853	SPECIES			musculoides	Nannomys	Mus	Muridae	Rodentia	Esquisses Zool. Sur la Côte de Guine p.161		bella  (Thomas, 1910); enclavae Heller, 1911; gallarum (Thomas, 1910); gondokorae Heller, 1911; grata (Thomas and Wroughton, 1910); kasaica (Cabrera, 1924); paulina (Thomas, 1918); petila Hollister, 1916; soricoides Heller, 1914; sungarae Heller, 1911; sybilla (Thomas, 1918); vicina (Thomas, 1910).	Subsaharan Africa (including Ethiopia and Somalia) southward to contact with M. minutoides (see preceeding account).	IUCN  Critically Endangered as M. kasaicus, Lower Risk (lc) as M. musculoides.	<p>Subgenus Nannomys. Whether samples reflect only one or a complex of species is unresolved. Meester et al. (1986:283) noted that Van der Straeten "regards minutoides as a complex of different species and considers East and West African taxa different from those occurring in Southern Africa." F. Petter and Matthey (1975:3) recognized only M. minutoides, noting that among all taxa referable to that species ". . . it is still impossible to recognize those which morphologically merit specific rank." Karyotypes, however, are more revealing, and by using them F. Petter and Matthey (1975) could distinguish the typical South African minutoides (2n = 18-19), populations from all of West Africa and a part of Central Africa (2n =18-34), and populations from southern East Africa (2n = 30). The taxon grata (or gratus) is often listed as a separate species (Hatt, 1940a; Hollister, 1919; F. Petter and Matthey, 1975). Unresolved also is the geo... [truncated]	Subsaharan Pygmy Mouse
13001563	Mus musculus subsp. musculus	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		musculus	musculus	Mus	Mus	Muridae	Rodentia	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.62					See comments under species account.	
14000066	Felis silvestris subsp. grampia	Miller 1907	SUBSPECIES		grampia	silvestris		Felis	Felidae	Carnivora							
13001568	Mus neavei	Thomas 1910	SPECIES			neavei	Nannomys	Mus	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.5 p.90			E Dem. Rep. Congo, SE Zambia (Ansell, 1978), S Zimbabwe, Limpopo Province of South Africa, W Mozambique, and S Tanzania; (range derived from Meester et al., 1986:282, and our study of material in AMNH, BMNH, and USNM). Distributional limits undocumented; supposed records of M. neavei from Malawi represent other species (Ansell and Dowsett, 1988).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Nannomys. Originally described as a species, neavei was later treated as a subspecies of M. sorella (Verheyen, 1965a), an arrangement accepted by Ansell (1978), Meester et al. (1986), and Skinner and Smithers (1990). F. Petter (1981b), however, pointed out that while a member of the M. sorella group, neavei should be treated as a separate species; in morphology and body size it appears to be close to M. oubanguii (F. Petter, 1981b). Our study (series in AMNH, BMNH, and USNM) corroborates F. Petter's view. Mus neavei is a distinct species and easily distinguished from M. sorella by its richer tawny fur, much smaller size, more delicate cranium, and shorter molar rows (3.0-3.2 mm in seven examples of M. neavei, 3.2-3.7 mm in nine M. sorella). How M. neavei is related to M. oubanguii and the small-bodied M. baoulei (both in the M. sorella gro... [truncated]	Neaves Mouse
13001569	Mus orangiae	Roberts 1926	SPECIES			orangiae	Nannomys	Mus	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Transvaal Mus. vol.11 p.251			South Africa; N Free State (Vermeiren and Verheyen, 1983).	IUCN  Least Concern.	Subgenus Nannomys. Either treated as a species possibly allied to M. setzeri (Vermeiren and Verheyen, 1983) or listed as a subspecies of M. minutoides (Meester et al., 1986; Skinner and Smithers, 1990). The definition of this form and its phylogenetic relationship to other southern African species require resolution.	Orange Mouse
13001570	Mus oubanguii	F. Petter and Genest 1970	SPECIES			oubanguii	Nannomys	Mus	Muridae	Rodentia	Mammalia vol.34 p.454			Recorded only from Central African Republic (savanna north of Oubangui River); see Jotterand (1972:332).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Subgenus Nannomys. Sympatric with M. setulosus and M. minutoides (F. Petter and Genest, 1970), but a phylogenetic member of the M. sorella group, according to F. Petter (1981b), who also noted that its morphology, except for a dental trait, is similar to that of M. neavei (see that account). Chromosomal information, in context of understanding chromosomal evolution among species of African Mus, documented by Jotterand (1972) and Jotterand-Bellomo (1984, 1986).	Oubangui Mouse
13001571	Mus pahari	Thomas 1916	SPECIES			pahari	Coelomys	Mus	Muridae	Rodentia	J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. vol.24 p.414		gairdneri (Kloss, 1920); jacksoniae (Thomas, 1921); meator (G.M. Allen, 1927); mocchauensis Dao, 1978.	From NE India (Sikkim, West Bengal, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Nagaland, Meghalaya, and Mizoram; Agrawal, 2000) and Bhutan through N Burma, S China (SE Xizang, Yunnan, S Sichuan, Guizhou, and Guangxi; Wang [2003], Zhang et al. [1997], Wu et al. [1996], FMNH 40710), Thailand (J. T. Marshall, Jr., 1977a; Robinson et al., 1996), Cardamom Mtns of SW Cambodia (A. Smith, in litt.), Laos, and C and N Vietnam (Dang et al., 1994; specimens in AMNH and IEBR); see J. T. Marshall, Jr. (1977a) and Corbet and Hill (1992).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>Subgenus Coelomys. Dao (1978) described mocchauensis as a subspecies of M. pahari. Chromosomal features of Thai samples reported by Gropp et al. (1973); 2n = FN = 48. Relationships within Mus assessed by sequences of the Sry gene (Graur, 1994); forms clade basal to species in subgenera Nannomys, Pyromys, and Mus according to study of Sry and five other genes (Lundrigan et al., 2002) and DNA/DNA hybridization experiments (Chevret et al., 2003). The close association between M. pahari and M. crociduroides and placement in subgenus Coelomys is supported by analysis of mitochondrial 12S rRNA sequences (Chevret et al., 2003). Those two species and M. mayori belong in a clade as indicated by analyses of morphological traits (Chevret et al., 2003; J. T. Marshall, Jr., 1977b). Sequences of APRT gene used to illuminate substitution rate variation among M. pahari, M. spicilegus</... [truncated]	Indochinese Shrewlike Mouse
13001572	Mus phillipsi	Wroughton 1912	SPECIES			phillipsi	Pyromys	Mus	Muridae	Rodentia	J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. vol.21 p.772		siva  (Thomas and Ryley, 1913); surkha (Wroughton and Ryley, 1913).	S and WC Peninsular India (Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Andra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu; Agrawal, 2000).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Pyromys. An Indian endemic revised by J. T. Marshall, Jr. (1977b) and reviewed by Agrawal (2000). Its occurrence and ecology in the Aravalli ranges of Rajasthan State documented by Prakash et al. (1995a, b, c), and in Gujarat State by Chakraborty and Agrawal (2000).	Phillipss Mouse
13001573	Mus platythrix	Bennett 1832	SPECIES			platythrix	Pyromys	Mus	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1832 p.121		bahadur  (Wroughton and Ryley, 1913); grahami (Ryley, 1913); hannyngtoni (Ryley, 1913).	Peninsular India north to West Bengal (Agrawal, 2000; Corbet and Hill, 1992).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Pyromys. Close relationship with M. saxicola, also in subgenus Coelomys, substantiated by analyses of DNA/DNA hybridization and mitochondrial 12S rRNA sequences, but not morphological traits (Chevret et al., 2003). May be more than one species within present definition of M. platythrix. Samples from the northwest have 2n = 30, those from S India have 2n = 26, but "the limits of these forms and any correlation with morphological characters have not been defined" (Corbet and Hill, 1992:330). Another Indian endemic revised by J. T. Marshall, Jr. (1977b) and reviewed by Agrawal (2000). Occurrence and ecology in the Aravalli ranges of Rajasthan State documented by Prakash et al. (1995a, b, c), and in the Western Ghats of S India by Chandrasekar-Rao and Sunquist (1996). Roberts (1977, 1997) reported M. platythrix from S Pakistan, but that record probably represents M. saxicola, which occurs in India and S Pakistan... [truncated]	Flat-haired Mouse
13001574	Mus saxicola	Elliot 1839	SPECIES			saxicola	Pyromys	Mus	Muridae	Rodentia	Madras J. Litt. Sci. vol.10 p.215		cinderella (Wroughton, 1912); gurkha (Thomas, 1914); khumbuensis Biswas and Khajuria, 1968; priestlyi (Thomas, 1911); pygmaeus Biswas and Khajuria, 1955 [not Milne-Edwards, 1874]; ramnadensis Bentham, 1908; sadhu Wroughton, 1911.	India (disjunct distribution mapped by Agrawal, 2000), S Nepal, and S Pakistan.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Pyromys. Indian populations reviewed by Agrawal (2000), who recognized three subspecies based primarily upon the chromosomal traits originally documented by Rishi and Puri (1978; 2n = 22-26). Corbet and Hill (1992) expressed the need to confirm the inclusion of gurkha, which has soft fur, in the spinous-furred M. saxicola. J. T. Marshall, Jr. (1998;63) examined the holotype of pygmaeus and identified it as a nestling M. saxicola; Musser and Carleton (1993) had listed it as a synonym of M. musculus. Sister-group to members of subgenus Mus as assessed by analysis of sequences from six genes (Lundrigan et al., 2002). Analyses of DNA/DNA hybridizations and mitochondrial 12S rRNA sequences but not morphological traits support close relationship between M. saxicola and M. platythrix, also in subgenus Pyromys (Chevret et al., 2003). Occurrence and ecology in the Aravalli ranges of Rajasthan State reported by Prakas... [truncated]	Saxicolous Mouse
13001575	Mus setulosus	Peters 1876	SPECIES			setulosus	Nannomys	Mus	Muridae	Rodentia	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin p.480		pasha (Thomas, 1910); proconodon (Rhoads, 1896).	From Senegal (Duplantier and Granjon, 1992), Guinea (Mt Nimba) and Sierra Leone; eastward through Liberia, Côte dIvoire, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Central African Republic, N Dem. Rep. Congo (Orientale), S Sudan, WC and S Ethiopia; to N Uganda and W Kenya (range documented by Grubb et al., 1998; Rosevear, 1969; F. Petter and Genest, 1970; our study of samples in AMNH, BMNH, FMNH, and USNM).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Nannomys. A distinct species sometimes confused with M. minutoides, which occurs over approximately the same region (Rosevear, 1969). Multivariate analysis of morphometric traits by Macholán (2001) indicated that M. setulosus and M. minutoides were distantly related. Both pasha (Thomas, 1910a) and proconodon (Rhoads, 1896) were originally described as species; Osgood (1936) associated pasha with M. proconodon, and we agree with his identification. F. Petter and Matthey (1975) regarded pasha as a species, noting that it might be referrable to M. setulosus. Both Osgood (1936) and Yalden et al. (1976) recognized proconodon as a species endemic to Ethiopia. Our study of Osgood's specimens, some of which are near-topotypes, revealed that their morphological traits fell within the range of variation typical of M. setulosus. Our identification was foreshadowed by F. Petter and Matthey (1... [truncated]	Peterss Mouse
13001576	Mus setzeri	F. Petter 1978	SPECIES			setzeri	Nannomys	Mus	Muridae	Rodentia	Mammalia vol.42 p.377			NE Namibia, NW and S Botswana, and W Zambia (Vermeiren and Verheyen, 1983).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Nannomys. A unique desert species reviewed by Vermeiren and Verheyen (1983), Meester et al. (1986), Skinner and Smithers (1990), and de Graaff (1997k).	Setzers Mouse
13001577	Mus shortridgei	Thomas 1914	SPECIES			shortridgei	Pyromys	Mus	Muridae	Rodentia	J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. vol.23 p.30		nghialoensis Dao, 1966.	Burma (Ellerman, 1961), Thailand (J. T. Marshall, Jr., 1977a), SW Cambodia (A. Smith, in litt.), C Laos (Smith et al., In Press), and NW Vietnam (Dao, 1978); see J. T. Marshall, Jr. (1977a:431).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Pyromys. Dao (1966) described nghialoensis as a subspecies of M. platythrix, which at the time embraced the Indochinese shortridgei. Chromosomal composition of Thai samples, which demonstrate a complex polymorphism, reported by Gropp et al. (1973). Evolutionary history extends back to the late Pliocene of Thailand, based on isolated molars recovered from cave sediments (Chaimanee, 1998).	Shortridges Mouse
13001578	Mus sorella	Thomas 1909	SPECIES			sorella	Nannomys	Mus	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.4 p.548		acholi Heller, 1911; wamae Heller, 1911.	Documented by specimens from E Cameroon, EC Angola, NE and SE Dem. Rep. Congo, Uganda, Kenya, and N Tanzania (F. Petter, 1981b; Verheyen, 1965a; specimens examined in AMNH, BMNH, CM, and USNM); range limits unresolved.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Nannomys. Closest relatives are M. baoulei, M. goundae, M. neavei, and M. oubanguii; F. Petter (1981b) placed these (except M. baoulei) together in the M. sorella group. He also recognized wamae and acholi as species in the sorella complex, but after examining holotypes and other specimens we agree with Verheyen (1965a), who united them with M. sorella. There are at least two morphologically distinct species in the group, M. sorella and M. neavei (see that account), but the nature of their phylogenetic relationship to other forms in this complex needs to be assessed by critical systematic review. Reidentification of museum specimens might also help resolve boundaries of geographic ranges. The specimens from Angola, for example, were originally identified by Hill and Carter (1941) as M. bella. The southern African range mapped by de ... [truncated]	Thomass Mouse
13001579	Mus spicilegus	Petényi 1882	SPECIES			spicilegus	Mus	Mus	Muridae	Rodentia	Termeszetrajzi Fuzetek, Budapest vol.5 p.114		adriaticus Krytufek and Macholán, 1998; mehelyi Bolkay, 1925; petenyi Kryzhov, 1936 [see Zagorodnyuk, 1992b]; sergii Valch, 1927 [see Zagorodnyuk, 1992b]. Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951:608) and J. T. Marshall, Jr. (1998) listed acervator, acervifex, canicularius, and caniculator as alternative names proposed by Petényi in the same report where he described M. spicilegus; all are nomina nuda.	Lowlands of Austria, S Slovakia (Bauer et al., 1998; Stollmann and Macholán, 1999), Hungary, Romania, Serbia and Montenegro, Albania, Greece, N Bulgaria (Peshev, 1996), and steppes of Moldavia and S Ukraine (see references cited below).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	<p>Subgenus Mus. This is the mouse that constructs soil-covered storage mounds of grain, and was formally known as M. hortulanus (Corbet, 1984; Gromov and Erbajeva, 1995); however, the holotype of hortulanus is an example of M. musculus so the earliest name for the species is spicilegus (Gerasimov et al., 1990; J. T. Marshall, Jr., 1998; Zagorodnyuk, 1996b). Sympatric and frequently syntopic with M. m. musculus (Mitchell-Jones et al., 1999). Results of morphometric and allozymic analyses reported by Bonhomme et al. (1984), Petrov and Ruzic (1985), Gerasimov et al. (1990), She et al. (1990), and Lyalyukhina et al. (1991). Forms a clade with M. musculus, M. macedonicus, and M. spretus as indicated by analyses of DNA sequences from several different genes (Graur, 1994; Larizza et al., 2002; Lundrigan et al., 2002; Martin et al., 2000). Combined analyses of morphological traits, DNA/DNA hybridization, and mitochon... [truncated]	Mound-building Mouse
13400141	Lagidium peruanum subsp. punensis	Thomas 1907	SUBSPECIES		punensis	peruanum		Lagidium	Chinchillidae	Rodentia							
13001580	Mus spretus	Lataste 1883	SPECIES			spretus	Mus	Mus	Muridae	Rodentia	Actes Soc. Linn. De Bordeaux, ser. 7 vol.4 p.27		caoccii Krausse, 1919; hispanicus Miller, 1909; lusitanicus Miller, 1909; lynesi Cabrera, 1923; mogrebinus Cabrera, 1911; parvus Alcover, Gosalbez, and Orsini, 1985 [not Beckstein, 1796]; rifensis Cabrera, 1923.	Natural grasslands and agricultural fields in Western Mediterranean climatic zone of W Europe (S France, Spain, Portugal, Balearic Isls; Mitchell-Jones et al., 1999:291) and North Africa (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya); see J. T. Marshall, Jr. (1981; 1998) and Macholán (1996a).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>Subgenus Mus. See J. T. Marshall, Jr. (1998) for identification of synonyms. Throughout its range, M. spretus is sympatric but not syntopic with M. musculus domesticus (Boursot et al., 1993; Mitchell-Jones et al., 1999). The species has been the subject of various inquiries covering biometrical and morphological analyses (Darviche and Orsini, 1982; Engels, 1980, 1983b; Gerasimov et al., 1990; Palomo, 1988; Palomo et al., 1983; Vargas, et al., 1984); chromosomal and electrophoretic studies (Cano et al., 1984; Engels, 1983a; Matsuda and Chapman, 1992; Traut et al., 1992); distribution of the p53 pseudogene as another molecular trait distinguishing M. spretus from M. spicilegus and M. musculus (Ohtsuka et al., 1996); phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial D-loop sequences to also distinguish M. spretus from M. spicilegus and M. musculus (Flegr et al., 1994); variability in mtDNA that revealed two genetically d... [truncated]	Western Mediterranean Mouse
13001581	Mus tenellus	Thomas 1903	SPECIES			tenellus	Nannomys	Mus	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1903 1 p.298		aequatorius Setzer, 1953; delamensis Setzer, 1956; gerbillus (G. M. Allen and Loveridge, 1933); suahelica (Thomas, 1910).	Sudan (Setzer, 1956), S Ethiopia (below 2000 m; Rupp, 1980), S Somalia, and south through Kenya to C Tanzania (Dodoma), including lower flanks of Mt Kilimanjaro (Grimshaw et al., 1995); range based upon our study of material at AMNH, BMNH, CNHM, MCZ, AND USNM; distributional limits unresolved.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Nannomys. Reviewed by F. Petter (1972a) and Yalden et al. (1976). Morphologically and ecologically closely similar to M. haussa (see that account). The southernmost record is based on holotype of gerbillus (G. M. Allen and Loveridge, 1933), which is an example of M. tenellus; aequatorius, delamensis, and suahelica also represent that species (our study of holotypes). Yalden et al. (1976) listed gallarum as a synonym of M. tenellus, but the holotype is a M. minutoides. Judged by our studies of museum specimens, most published Ethiopian records of M. tenellus are actually M. minutoides, but we have not seen the samples from SW Ethiopia referenced by Yalden et al. (1996).	Delicate Mouse
13001582	Mus terricolor	Blyth 1851	SPECIES			terricolor	Mus	Mus	Muridae	Rodentia	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.20 p.172		beavanii  Peters, 1866; dunni Wroughton, 1912.	Indigenous to peninsular India and Nepal (J. T. Marshall, Jr., 1998), Bangladesh (Comilla District, Chittagong Province; Alpin et al., 2003c; K. Alpin, in litt., 2004), and Pakistan (J. T. Marshall, Jr., 1998); occurs also in Medan region of N Sumatra (Indonesia) where it was probably inadvertently introduced (Musser and Newcomb, 1983, recorded as dunni).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Mus. Formerly referred to as M. dunni (J. T. Marshall, Jr., 1977b, 1986), but terricolor is the older name (J. T. Marshall, Jr., 1977b, 1998:80, and in litt., 1989). Chromosomal results presented by Sharma et al. (1986, under dunni) and Boyeskorov et al. (1997, as dunni) in context of evolutionary divergence from other species of Mus. Closely related to Mus booduga. Both species have 2n = 40, with all telocentric chromosomes, but M. booduga has a slightly smaller Y chromosome. All populations sampled show the same karyotype; M. terricolor, however, has a large submetacentric X and telocentric Y. Furthermore, different populations of M. terricolor have three different karyotypes (formally labelled I, II, and III) indicating various stages of evolutionary differentiation in which heterochromatin may be important in the speciation process (Bahadur and Sharma, 1995; Sharma et al., 200... [truncated]	Earth-Colored mouse
13001583	Mus triton	Thomas 1909	SPECIES			triton	Nannomys	Mus	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.4 p.548		birungensis (Lönnberg and Gyldenstolpe, 1925); fors (Thomas, 1909); imatongensis Setzer, 1953; murilla (Thomas, 1910); naivashae (Heller, 1910).	N and E Dem. Rep. Congo, Uganda (Delany, 1975), Kenya (Hollister, 1919), S Ethiopia (Lavrenchenko, 2000; Yalden et al., 1996), Tanzania (Grimshaw et al., 1995; Stanley et al., 1998; Swynnerton and Hayman, 1951), Malawi (Ansell, 1989b; Ansell and Dowsett, 1988), Tete Dist. of Mozambique (de Graaff, 1997h; Smithers and Lobao Tello, 1976), Zambia (Ansell, 1978), and C and NE Angola (Crawford-Cabral, 1998).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Nannomys. Listed as a questionable synonym of M. mahomet by Yalden et al. (1976:30), who were unsure about the equivalence of mahomet and triton and merely noted that Ethiopian samples previously identified as triton were really mahomet. Lavrenchenko (2000) claimed that M. cf triton from the Ethiopian Harenna Forest, along with Ethiopian M. mahomet, belong to the same cytotaxonomic group, which excludes true M. triton; Yalden et al. (1996) noted that M. triton and M. mahomet are sympatric in S Ethiopia but the former lives in forest, the latter in grassy forest clearings. The description of Mus birungensis (Lonnberg and Gyldenstolpe, 1925) mirrors the range of variation of M. triton in samples (in AMNH) we have examined from the Kivu region of E Dem. Rep. Congo. Considerable chromosomal polymorphism has been reported in samples identified as M. triton (Robbins and Ba... [truncated]	Gray-bellied Mouse
13001632	Palawanomys furvus	Musser and Newcomb 1983	SPECIES			furvus		Palawanomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.174 p.335			Greater Palawan Faunal Region (politically part of the Philippines but faunistically an insular extension of the Sunda Shelf). Known only from the type locality.	IUCN  Endangered.	Recorded only by four melanistic examples, possibly highly restricted in distribution (Heaney et al., 1998; Musser and Newcomb, 1983). One of three murines endemic to the Greater Palawan Faunal Region (Maxomys panglima and Chiropodomys calamianus are the other two).	Palawan Mountain Rat
13001586	Mylomys dybowskii	Pousargues 1893	SPECIES			dybowskii		Mylomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. vol.18 p.163		alberti Thomas, 1915; christyi Thomas, 1917; cuninghamei Thomas, 1906; lowei Hayman, 1935; lutescens Thomas, 1915; massaicus Lönnberg, 1916; rex (Thomas, 1906); richardi Hayman, 1939; roosevelti (Heller, 1910).	Guinea (Mt Nimba), Côte dIvoire, Ghana (Grubb et al., 1998), S Cameroon, Republic of Congo, Central African Republic, W, N and E Dem. Rep. Congo, Rwanda, Tanzania (Swynnerton and Hayman, 1951), Kenya (Hollister, 1919), Uganda (Delany, 1975), and S Sudan (Setzer, 1958); abstracted from Rosevear (1969), Misonne (1974), many faunal reports, and specimens examined in AMNH, BMNH, FMNH, and USNM.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Hatt (1940a) noted that the cotypes of dybowskii are examples of Mylomys, not Pelomys under which the name had been listed (Ellerman, 1941), and selected a lectotype. The identity was verified by F. Petter (1962b), who also thought there were two species in the genus, M. dybowskii and the West African M. lowei, named by Hayman (1935) as a subspecies of M. cuninghamei. Rosevear (1969) followed F. Petter in recognizing M. lowei and in turn was followed by Grubb et al. (1998). Hayman (1935:934), however, regarded all forms to be part of a single species: "In considering what value to place on this Ashanti form [lowei] it has seemed best to regard all the known Mylomys as a subspecies of the original cuninghamei Thos. From that small and rather dark form, through the middle-sized lutescens and christyi to the large brightly-coloured races roosevelti, alberti, and the present form... [truncated]	Common Mylomys
13001587	Mylomys rex	Thomas 1906	SPECIES			rex		Mylomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.18 p.304			Recorded only from the type locality.		The taxon rex, represented only by the holotype (a skin without skull), was described by Thomas (1906c) as a species of Arvicanthis, but later "provisionally considered as a giant member of Desmomys" (Thomas, 1916a:68). Dieterlen (1974) challenged the validity of rex, but Yalden et al. (1976) pointed out the features distinguishing the holotype from samples of D. harringtoni, and treated rex as another distinctive species endemic to Ethiopia. Musser and Carleton (1993:630) wrote that "Our study of the holotype skin reveals it to be a large and probably old adult of Mylomys that is not as brightly pigmented as most samples of that genus. Whether the holotype actually came from Ethiopia, or represents a separate species of Mylomys are unknown; we provisionally list rex in the synonymy of M. dybowskii." Yalden et al. (1996) were content to adopt this provisional arrangement, but explained there w... [truncated]	Ethiopian Mylomys
13001588	Myomyscus	Shortridge 1942	GENUS					Myomyscus	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. S. Afr. Mus. vol.36 p.93	Mus verroxii (= verreauxi) A. Smith, 1834.				<p>StenocephalemysDivision. Myomys has traditionally been used for the species we list under Myomyscus, but the holotype of colonus (Brants, 1827), which is the type species of Myomys, is an example of Mastomys (Van der Straeten and Robbins, 1997), making Myomys a synonym of that genus. Shortridges (1942) Myomyscus is the next available name (see generic account of Mastomys). The species ruppi and albipes were listed in Myomys by Musser and Carleton (1993), but are here added to the Ethiopian Stenocephalemys (see accounts of those species). They also placed daltoni and derooi in Myomys, but here we transfer them to Praomys (see those accounts).</p><p>Even as reconstituted here, Myomyscus remains polyphyletic. Recent analyses of complete mtDNA cytochrome b sequences, for example, places M. verreauxii (type-species of the genus) as sister to Colo... [truncated]	
13001594	Nesokia bunnii	Khajuria 1981	SPECIES			bunnii		Nesokia	Muridae	Rodentia	Bull. Nat. Hist. Res. Centre vol.7 p.162			Recorded only from marshes at the confluence of Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in SE Iraq. Possibly occurs in Al-Hawizeh marsh to the east straddling the Iraq-Iran border.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Originally described under genus Erythronesokia by Khajuria (1981), but shown to be a distinctive species of Nesokia by Al-Robaae and Felten (1990). The meager available ecological information about this unique Nesokia is reported by Khajuria (1981) and Al-Robaae and Felten (1990). Because the vast wetlands of southern Iraq were largely destroyed by the Saddam Hussein regime during the last decade (Associated Press, 2003; UNEP, 2003), current population status of N. bunnii in Iraq is unknown.	Long-tailed Nesokia
14000067	Felis silvestris subsp. griselda	Thomas 1926	SUBSPECIES		griselda	silvestris		Felis	Felidae	Carnivora							
13001589	Myomyscus angolensis	Bocage 1890	SPECIES			angolensis		Myomyscus	Muridae	Rodentia	J. Sci. Math., Phys. Nat., Lisboa, ser. 2 vol.2 p.12		angolae (Crawford-Cabral, 1989).	W Angola, primarily on the Angolan Plateau (Crawford-Cabral, 1998).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Mastomys angolensis.	<p>Our inclusion of this species in Myomyscus is provisional. It has been placed in Rattus (Ellerman, 1941), Myomyscus (or Myomys) (G. M. Allen, 1939; D. H. S. Davis, 1965; Hill and Carter, 1941), Praomys (see references in Crawford-Cabral, 1989b), or regarded as a species of Mastomys (Crawford-Cabral, 1989b, 1998; Misonne, 1974). Ansell (1978) and Ellerman et al. (1953) thought it morphologically similar to M. shortridgei, which they treated as a subspecies of M. angolensis. In their review of Mastomys systematics, Granjon et al. (1997b) transferred angolensis to Myomys and retained shortridgei in Mastomys. Incorporation of M. angolensis in phylogenetic analyses derived from morphological and molecular data is needed to clarify its relationship. Myomyscus angolensis is either sympatric (Hill and Carter, 1941; Crawford-Cabral, 1983, 1998) or altitu... [truncated]	Angolan Myomyscus
14000113	Leopardus pardalis subsp. steinbachi	Pocock 1941	SUBSPECIES		steinbachi	pardalis		Leopardus	Felidae	Carnivora							
13400255	Dasyprocta punctata subsp. pallidiventris	Bole 1937	SUBSPECIES		pallidiventris	punctata		Dasyprocta	Dasyproctidae	Rodentia							
13001590	Myomyscus brockmani	Thomas 1908	SPECIES			brockmani		Myomyscus	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.18 p.298		allisoni (Hayman, 1960); niveiventris (Osgood, 1910); oweni Setzer, 1956; subfuscus (Osgood, 1910); ulae (Heller, 1910).	Primarily tree savannas from EC Tanzania north through Kenya (Hollister, 1919) and N Uganda (Delany, 1975) into Somalia, SE Ethiopia (Yalden et al., 1976, 1996; specimens in CM), and S Sudan (Setzer, 1956); W and S limits unknown.		Chromosomal and immunological data indicate close relationship with species of Mastomys (Qumsiyeh et al., 1990), an alliance also suggested by analyses of mtDNA cytochrome b sequences (Lecompte et al., 2002b). Analyses of nuclear IRBP gene sequences, however, indicates brockmani, along with M. yemeni, to be closely allied to species of Stenocephalemys and should be included in that genus (Lecompte, 2003). Spermatozoal morphology described by Baskovich and Lavrenchenko (1995, as fumatus). This species has traditionally been known as M. fumatus (Musser and Carleton, 1993), but Van der Straeten and Robbins (1997) demonstrated the holotype of fumatus to be an example of Mastomys and not Myomys (Musser independently examined the holotype and identified it as a Mastomys). We include fumatus in the synonymy of Mastomys natalensis (see that account). The next oldest name available for this species... [truncated]	Brockmans Myomyscus
13001591	Myomyscus verreauxii	Smith 1834	SPECIES			verreauxii		Myomyscus	Muridae	Rodentia	S. Afr. Quart. J. vol.2 p.156		verreauxi (Sclater, 1901); veroxii (Smith, 1834).	South Africa, Western Cape Province, from Olifants River in the west to Nature's Valley, Plettenberg Bay in the east (de Graaff, 1981:218; Skinner and Smithers, 1990:271).	IUCN  Least Concern.	A distinctive South African endemic confined to the fynbos biome (Mugo et al., 1995). Taxonomy reviewed by Meester et al. (1986); distributional and biological information provided by de Graaff (1981) and Skinner and Smithers (1990). Roberts listed measurements and treated verreauxii as a subspecies of "Myomys colonus." Analyses of complete mtDNA cytochrome b sequences (Lecompte et al., 2002b) and nuclear IRBP gene sequences (Lecompte, 2003) separates M. verreauxii from M. brockmani and M. yemeni (M. angolensis has yet to be included in molecular inquiries) and clusters it with Colomys and Zelotomys, providing an hypothesis that should be tested with morphological data and sequences from a wider range of genes. Ultimately, verreauxii may represent the only species of Myomyscus. Reviewed by de Graaff (1997t). Earliest fossils of Myomyscus, presumably either M. verreauxii or so... [truncated]	Verreauxs White-footed Rat
13001592	Myomyscus yemeni	Sanborn and Hoogstraal 1953	SPECIES			yemeni		Myomyscus	Muridae	Rodentia	Fieldiana Zool. vol.34 p.241			Recorded only from N Yemen and SW Saudi Arabia (see Harrision and Bates, 1991:249; also references in Al-Jumaily, 1998, for Yemen population).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Myomys yemeni.	Originally described by Sanborn and Hoogstraal (1953) as a subspecies of Myomys fumatus (= brockmani), the diagnostic traits of yemeni are outside the range of variation recorded for any sample of M. brockmani. Our study of holotype and specimens of M. yemeni and M. brockmani at FMNH revealed that M. yemeni is much larger in body, cranial, and dental dimensions than M. brockmani (no overlap in length of molar rows, for example), with paler pelage and significantly larger ears and auditory bullae (both absolutely and relative to body size). The morphological attributes of M. yemeni define a distinctive species; however, its phylogenetic relationships to other species in the genus, or within the Stenocephalemys Division, have yet to be fully resolved. Analyses of mtDNA cytochrome b sequences, for example, suggests M. yemeni to be more closely related to Praomys verschureni than to any other ... [truncated]	Yemen White-footed Rat
13001593	Nesokia	Gray 1842	GENUS					Nesokia	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 [check  this should be ser 1?  or year wrong?] vol.10 p.264	Arvicola indica Gray, 1830.	Erythronesokia Khajuria, 1981; Nesocia Blanford, 1891; Spalacomys Peters, 1860.			RattusDivision. Early placed with the Philippine Phloeomys in the Phloeomyinae (Alston, 1876), but phylogenetically most closely allied to Bandicota among living murines (Corbet and Hill, 1992; Jansa et al., 1999; Musser and Brothers, 1994; Watts and Baverstock, 1994b); see generic account of Bandicota. Of the two living species in the genus, N. indica is fossorial, N. bunnii is amphibious. Earliest record of Nesokia is N. panchkulaensis from early Pleistocene Pinjor beds in the Siwaliks of N India (Raghavan, 1989).	
13001650	Paramelomys steini	Rümmler 1935	SPECIES			steini		Paramelomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Z. Säugetierk. vol.10 p.111			Recorded only from the type locality.		Similar to P. rubex in fur coloration, but averages larger in most dimensions except for its shorter and broader hind feet (Menzies, 1996). Paramelomys rubex occurs at lower elevations (originally reported as shawi from 1200 m) in the Weyland Mtns.	Steins Paramelomys
13001595	Nesokia indica	Gray 1830-1835 "1830"	SPECIES			indica		Nesokia	Muridae	Rodentia	Illustr. Indian Zool. p.pl. xi (see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1955, and Corbet and Hill, 1992)		bacheri  Nehring, 1897; bailwardi Thomas, 1907; beaba Wroughton, 1908; boettgeri Radde and Walter, 1889; brachyura Büchner, 1889; buxtoni Thomas, 1919; chitralensis Schlitter and Setzer, 1973; dukelskiana Heptner, 1928; griffithi Horsfield, 1851; hardwickei (Gray, 1837); huttoni (Blyth, 1846); indicus (Peters, 1860); insularis Goodwin, 1940; legendrei Goodwin, 1939; myosura (Wagner, 1845); satunini Nehring, 1899; scullyi Wood-Mason, 1876; suilla Thomas, 1907.	Modern range covers Bangladesh, N India (Bihar, West Bengal, Punjap, Haryana, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, and Rajasthan; Agrawal, 2000; Chakraborty and Agrawal, 2000), Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Israel-Jordan, NE Egypt, NW China (Xinjiang, south of Tian Shan; Wang, 2003, and Zhang et al., 1997), Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Corbet (1978c) and Corbet and Hill (1992). Chromosomal data in different contexts reported by Thelma and Rao (1982), Gadi and Sharma (1983), Rao et al. (1983), Juyal et al. (1989), and Dubey and Raman (1992). External, cranial, and dental morphology, along with albumin immunology supports a close phylogenetic relationship with Bandicota (Misonne, 1969; Musser and Brothers, 1994; Niethammer, 1977; Watts and Baverstock, 1994b; Wroughton, 1908a), and electrophoretic comparisons of eight loci indicated a sister-species alliance with B. indica (Radtke and Niethammer, 1984[1985]). Chromosomal traits are closely similar in N. indica and Bandicota bengalensis (Gadi and Sharma, 1983). Substantial morphological variation is present among geographic samples of N. indica, and careful systematic revision is required to determine whether this variation represents one or more species. Geographic reviews covering taxonom... [truncated]	Short-tailed Nesokia
13400463	Clyomys	Thomas 1916	GENUS					Clyomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.18 p.300	Echimys laticeps Thomas, 1909.				Reviewed by Ávila-Pires and Wutke (1981:530). Reig (1986:409, footnote) noted that Clyomys might not be distinct from Euryzygomatomys.	
13001596	Nesoromys	Thomas 1922	GENUS					Nesoromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.9 p.263	Stenomys ceramicus Thomas, 1920.				RattusDivision. Rümmler (1938) united Nesoromys with Stenomys explaining only that the differences between it and other species in Stenomys was insufficient to recognize a separate genus for ceramicus; he considered ceramicus to represent Stenomys, a group primarily New Guinean in distribution, on Seram. The species, however, exhibits a combination of primitive and highly derived traits not seen in other species of Stenomys or Rattus (Aplin et al., 2003b; Misonne, 1969). While ceramicus does bear a superficial resemblance to New Guinea R. niobe (which Rümmler placed in Stenomys) in body size, pelage coloration and texture, and general cranial conformation, it differs considerably from any other endemics in the Indomaylan, Moluccan, and Australia-New Guinea regions by its combination of very specialized bony palate (extremely broad and projecting way beyond posterior margins of molar rows), short ... [truncated]	
13001597	Nesoromys ceramicus	Thomas 1920	SPECIES			ceramicus		Nesoromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.6 p.425			Endemic to montane forests of Pulau Seram.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Stenomys ceramicus.	Morphologically superficially similar to the Rattus niobe complex of New Guinea, but may not be closely related to that group (Ellerman, 1941; Flannery, 1995b). Originally described as a species of Nesoromys (Thomas, 1920c), but subsequently merged with Stenomys (Rümmler, 1938; Musser and Carleton, 1993). Known only by the type series consisting of three specimens (in BMNH) and an additional example in the Western Australia Museum (Helgen, 2003b).	Seram Island Mountain Rat
13001598	Nilopegamys	Osgood 1928	GENUS					Nilopegamys	Muridae	Rodentia	Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser. vol.12 p.185	Nilopegamys plumbeus Osgood, 1928.				ColomysDivision. Described as a genus by Osgood (1928) and recognized as such by G. M. Allen (1939) and Ellerman (1941), but subsequently included in Colomys by Hayman (1966) and most checklists published after his report covering African rodents, including the revision of Colomys by Dieterlen (1983) in which plumbeus was maintained as a subspecies of C. goslingi, the allocation recommended by Hayman (1966). Kerbis Peterhans and Patterson (1995) reviewed the taxonomic history and resurrected Nilopegamys within a context of comparison with Colomys and other African muroids.	
13001599	Nilopegamys plumbeus	Osgood 1928	SPECIES			plumbeus		Nilopegamys	Muridae	Rodentia	Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser. vol.12 p.185, pl. 15			Recorded only from the type locality.	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Represented only by the type specimen, which is morphologically similar to Colomys. Kerbis Peterhans and Patterson (1995) enumerated the traits they considered to distinguish the two genera and noted that N. plumbeus has the largest cranial capacity and foramen magnum area of any African muroid sampled, close only to Colomys, Malacomys, and Deomys. Amphibious rodents exhibit large brains relative to body size with an enlarged medulla oblongata, which is correlated with an expansive foramen magnum (Voss, 1988). Kerbis Peterhans and Patterson (1995) contended that N. plumbeus has more morphological adaptations reflecting an amphibious life style than any other African muroid, including C. goslingi. That plumbeus represents a monophyletic group separate from the species of Colomys, however, is not universally accepted and the significance of the traits enumerated by Kerbis Pererhans and Patterson (1995) distinguishing <... [truncated]	Ethiopian Amphibious Rat
13001600	Niviventer	J. T. Marshall, Jr. 1976	GENUS					Niviventer	Muridae	Rodentia	Family Muridae: rats and mice [Government Printing Office, Bangkok] p.402 (See Musser, 1981b, for discussion of original citation)	Mus niviventer Hodgeson, 1836.				<p>Dacnomys Division. Diagnosed and contrasted with other Indo-Sundaic genera by Musser (1981b), who also reviewed morphological, chromosomal, and distributional information. Additional chromosomal data are available for Vietnamese (Bulatova et al., 1992; Baskevich and Kuznetsov, 2000), Taiwanese (H.-T. Yu et al., 1996) and Chinese species (Wang et al., 1997).</p><p>Closest phylogenetic relatives are Indochinese Chiromyscus and Dacnomys; among Sundaic genera, Niviventer shares dental derivations with Berylmys, Leopoldamys, and Maxomys (Musser, 1981b; Musser and Newcomb, 1983). Analyses of chromosomal data postulated similarities among Niviventer, Lenothrix, and possibly Maxomys, and an origin from a common ancestor (Gadi and Sharma, 1983). Analyses of allozymic and morphological data for Malay Peninsula species demonstrated substantial separation from Rattus, with which Niviventer had been... [truncated]	
13001622	Notomys cervinus	Gould 1851 "1853"	SPECIES			cervinus		Notomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1851 p.127		aistoni  Brazenor, 1934.	Australia; SW Queensland, NW New South Wales, South Australia, and S Northern Territory (Ellis, 1993; Robinson et al., 2000; Watts, 1995a:574; Watts and Aslin, 1981:99).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	For date of publication see Mahoney and Richardson (1988:167). Reviewed by Watts and Aslin (1981) and Watts (1995a).	Fawn Hopping Mouse
13001633	Papagomys	Sody 1941	GENUS					Papagomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Treubia vol.18 p.322	Mus armandvillei Jentink, 1892.				RattusDivision. Formerly thought closely related to Mallomys but has little affinity to that New Guinea Old Endemic and instead is phylogenetically related to the living Komodomys rintjanus and Pleistocene Hooijeromys nusatenggara, both endemics of Nusa Tenggara (Musser, 1981c) and members of the Rattus Division. This association is indicated by cranial and dental morphology (Musser and Newcomb, 1993) along with albumin immunology (Watts and Baverstock, 1994b). Pavlinov et al. (1995a) listed Papagomys and Komodomys in a Pithecheir Section of a more inclusive Micromys Group. Hooijeromys is the only rat found in late Pleistocene sediments on Flores (0.8-0.7 million years ago) and is part of an extinct depauperate insular fauna that also consisted of the living Varanus komodoensis (Komodo dragon), the elephantid Stegodon florensis, and Homo erectus (Sondaar ... [truncated]	
13001601	Niviventer andersoni	Thomas 1911	SPECIES			andersoni		Niviventer	Muridae	Rodentia	Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1911 90 p.4		lushuiensis  Wu and Wang, 2002 [nomen nudum].	SW China; E Xizang (Tibet), Yunnan, W Sichuan, N Ghizhou and S Shaanxi (Feng et al., 1986; Musser and Chiu, 1979; Wang, 2003).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Systematically revised and contrasted with N. excelsior and N. confucianus by Musser and Chiu (1979). Closest relative is apparently N. excelsior; the two species are set apart from other Niviventer by primitive traits they share, the two form a tight cluster reflected in multivariate analysis of morphometric traits (Musser and Lunde, ms), and both are isolated in the high mountains of S China (Musser, 1981b). This hypothesized phyletic alliance and morphological isolation from other species of Niviventer should be tested by analyses of molecular data. Anthony (1941) recorded N. andersoni from NE Burma but that series represents an undescribed species of Niviventer not closely related to N. andersoni (Musser and Lunde, ms). In his checklist of Chinese mammals, Wang (2003:204) listed lushuiensis as simply Wu et Wang, subsp. Nov. 2002," a subspecies of N. andersoni, but the name has y... [truncated]	Andersons Niviventer
13001602	Niviventer brahma	Thomas 1914	SPECIES			brahma		Niviventer	Muridae	Rodentia	J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. vol.23 p.232			NE India (NE Arunachal Pradesh), N Burma (Adung Valley and Nyetmaw River region), and SW China (NW Yunnan; Wang, 2003).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Morphological and geographic limits outlined by Musser (1970b, 1973a, 1981b), who also reported that the species is represented by few specimens, and is most closely related to N. eha in morphological features, a conclusion echoed by Corbet and Hill (1992). We have not examined the material upon which the Chinese record is based.	Brahman Niviventer
13001603	Niviventer cameroni	Chasen 1940	SPECIES			cameroni		Niviventer	Muridae	Rodentia	Bull. Raffles Mus. vol.15 p.176			Recorded only from mountain forest in the Cameron Highlands, 5000-6600 ft (1524-2012 m; specimens in BMNH, RMBR, and USNM).		Originally described as a subspecies of Rattus rapit (= Niviventer rapit) but differs from N. rapit in being much larger in all cranial and dental dimensions, especially the longer molar row, and lacking a conspicuously tufted tail. Whether N. cameroni is phylogenetically more closely related to N. rapit than to other species on the Sunda Shelf and in the Indochinese region needs to be determined using other morphological suites and gene sequences. Niviventer cameroni joins Maxomys inas and Pithecheir parvus as the three endemic murines occurring on the Malay Peninsula south of the Isthmus of Kra.	Cameron Highlands Niviventer
13001604	Niviventer confucianus	Milne-Edwards 1871	SPECIES			confucianus		Niviventer	Muridae	Rodentia	Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.7 Bull. p.93		canorus  (Thomas, 1911); chihliensis (Thomas, 1917); deqinensis Deng and Wang, 2000; elegans (Shih, 1931); littoreus (Cabrera, 1922); luticolor (Thomas, 1908); mentosus (Thomas, 1916); naoniuensis (Zhang and Zhao, 1984); sacer (Thomas, 1908); sinianus (Shih, 1931); yajiangensis Deng and Wang, 2000; yushuensis (Wang and Zheng, 1981); zappeyi (G. M. Allen, 1912).	N Burma and mainland China (from Yunnan and W Sichuan west to Fujian and north to Jilin Province; Wang, 2003, and Zhang et al., 1997); also mountains of NW Thailand (summit Doi Inthanon, Chiengmai Province) and extreme NW Vietnam (summit Mt Fan Si Pan west of the Red River); may also be found on summits of mountains in N Laos; not recorded from islands off coast of China. Because of past confusion of N. confucianus with N. tenaster, N. niviventer, and N. fulvescens, the range outlined here is derived primarily from Mussers identification of specimens in AMNH, BMNH, FMNH, MCZ, MVZ, and USNM.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>Usually included in N. niviventer, but that allocation is not supported by present evidence (Abe, 1983; Corbet and Hill, 1992; Musser, 1981b; Musser and Lunde, ms). Niviventer confucianus is basically endemic to SE portion of the Palearctic region east of the Himalayas and generally north of the Tropic of Cancer; south of that line, this northern species has been found only on mountaintops in NW Thailand and NW Vietnam. Sympatric with N. fulvescens and an undescribed larger-bodied species in N Burma, with N. fulvescens in S China, with and with N. andersoni and N. confucianus in highlands of Sichuan. Niviventer confucianus is replaced westward in the Himalayas by the smaller-bodied N. niviventer and in mountains south of the Tropic of Cancer by the larger-bodied and montane N. tenaster (Musser and Lunde, ms). In NW Vietnam, N. confucianus is found near summit of Mt Fan Si Pan with N. tenast... [truncated]	Confucian Niviventer
13001605	Niviventer coninga	Swinhoe 1864	SPECIES			coninga		Niviventer	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1864 p.185		coxinga (Swinhoe, 1871); coxingi (Thomas, 1892) [unjustified emendation].	Endemic to Taiwan, below about 2000 m and common at 1300 m (H.-T. Yu, 1993, 1994; M.-J. Yu, 1996).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt) as N. coxinga.	Corbet and Hill (1992:364) explained why coninga instead of coxingi is the correct name for this species. Musser (1981b) included a population from NE Burma, but that is a separate undescribed species; current morphometric analyses indicates N. coninga is not closely related to any species of Niviventer on the mainland (Musser and Lunde, ms), but analysis of mtDNA cytochrome b sequences ties N. coninga to N. tenaster within a clade also containing N. confucianus and N. culturatus (J. L. Patton, in litt., 2000). Chromosomal data documented by H.-T. Yu et al. (1996) and contrasted with karyotype of Taiwanese N. culturatus, which indicates that N. coninga and and Taiwanese N. culturatus are not sister-species but represent independent invasions of Taiwan from the Asian mainland, a pattern also supported by allozymic data (H.-T. Yu, 1995). Ecology, altitudinal distribution, and genetic population str... [truncated]	Spiny Taiwan Niviventer
13001623	Notomys fuscus	Jones 1925	SPECIES			fuscus		Notomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Rec. S. Aust. Mus. vol.3 p.3		eyreius  Finlayson, 1960; filmeri Mack, 1961.	Inland Australia; SE Western Australia, S Northern Territory, South Australia, and SW Queensland (Robinson et al., 2000; Watts and Aslin, 1981:115; Watts, 1995b:576). Also in W New South Wales (Watts, in litt.).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Reviewed by Watts and Aslin (1981) and Watts (1995b). Distribution, habitat, and conservation status documented by Moseby et al. (1999).	Dusky Hopping Mouse
13400142	Lagidium peruanum subsp. saturata	Thomas 1907	SUBSPECIES		saturata	peruanum		Lagidium	Chinchillidae	Rodentia							
13001606	Niviventer cremoriventer	Miller 1900	SPECIES			cremoriventer		Niviventer	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.13 p.144		barussanus  (Miller, 1911); cretaceiventer (Robinson and Kloss, 1919); flaviventer (Miller, 1900); gilbiventer (Miller, 1903); kina (Bonhote, 1903); malawali (Chasen and Kloss, 1932); mengurus (Miller, 1911); solus (Miller, 1913); spatulatus (Lyon, 1911); sumatrae (Bartels, 1937).	Peninsular Thailand and Malaya and some offshore islands; Mergui Arch., Anambas Isls; Sumatra, and smaller islands of Nias, Billiton and Banka; Borneo and some offshore islands, Java, and Bali; see Musser (1973c) and Corbet and Hill (1992). Does not occur north of the Isthmus of Kra (10E30'N).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Revised by Musser (1973c, 1981b); a Sundaic endemic whose closest morphological and likely phylogenetic relative is the Indochinese N. langbianis. Considerable variation in body size exists among samples, with those in small island populations being larger than individuals in populations on larger islands and the Malay Peninsula (Musser, 1973c). Tuen et al. (2000) documented N. cremoriventer from peninsular Mt Santubong in W Sarawak, and Md Nor (1996) recorded its distribution and ecology on the small islands off N tip of Sabah. This generally lowland species reaches 1530 m on the slopes of Mt Kinabalu in Sabah (Md Nor, 2001, and references cited therein). Niviventer cremoriventer joins N. rapit as the only two species in the genus occurring on Borneo.	Sundaic Arboreal Niviventer
13001607	Niviventer culturatus	Thomas 1917	SPECIES			culturatus		Niviventer	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.20 p.198			Endemic to highlands of Taiwan, 2000-3000 m (H.-T. Yu, 1994; M.-J. Yu, 1996).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Historically listed as a species (Ellerman, 1941), a subspecies of N. niviventer (Ellerman, 1961; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; Wang and Zheng, 1981), or included in N. confucianus (Musser, 1981b; Corbet and Hill, 1992). Niviventer culturatus is a distinctive insular form that in morphology superficially resembles mainland N. confucianus, but differs sufficiently that it should be treated as a species, as revealed by multivariate analysis of morphometric traits by Musser and Lunde (ms), which also clusters N. culturatus with the Javan N. lepturus, Chinese N. andersoni and N. excelsior, and Burmese N. brahma, but not with N. confucianus. Analyses of mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences also highlights the specific integrity of N. culturatus but places it with N. confucianus, N. coninga, and N. tenaster in a monophyletic clade (J. L. Patton, in litt., ... [truncated]	Soft-furred Taiwan Niviventer
13001608	Niviventer eha	Wroughton 1916	SPECIES			eha		Niviventer	Muridae	Rodentia	J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. vol.24 p.428		ninus (Thomas, 1922).	Recorded from C and E Nepal, India (West Bengal, Sikkim, and N Assam; Agrawal, 2000, and Ellerman, 1961), N Burma (Musser, 1970b), and S China (S Xizang and W Yunnan; Wang, 2003) in montane forests.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Musser (1970b) and Corbet and Hill (1992). Shared morphological traits and proportions support the hypothesis of close phylogenetic relationship between N. eha and N. brahma (Musser, 1981b; Corbet and Hill, 1992), but this alliance should be tested by analyses of other morphological traits and gene sequences. Anthony reviewed the population from N Burma, and G. M. Allen (1940) discussed distribution and morphological traits of population in Yunnan. Zhang et al. (1997) mapped the species as occurring east of Yunnan in the provinces of Guizhou and Guangxi, but those records are so far out of the documented biogeographical range that they require verification. Biology, habitats, and aspects of morphological variation for samples from C and E Nepal reported by Abe (1971) and Gruber (1969).	Smoke-bellied Niviventer
13001609	Niviventer excelsior	Thomas 1911	SPECIES			excelsior		Niviventer	Muridae	Rodentia	Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1911 90 p.4		tengchongensis  Deng and Wang, 2002 [nomen nudum].	SW China (W Sichuan, NW and C Yunnan); see Musser and Chiu (1979) and Wang (2003).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	A montane southwestern Chinese endemic apparently morphologically most closely related to N. andersoni and occurring sympatrically with it and N. confucianus (Musser, 1981b; Musser and Chiu, 1979). Early to middle Pleistocene cave sediments in the Sichuan-Guizhou region of S China have yielded fossils identified as N. excelsior (Zheng, 1993). See account of N. andersoni. In his checklist of Chinese mammals, Wang (2003:203) listed tengchongensis as simply "Deng et Wang, subsp. Nov. 2002," a subspecies of N. excelsior, but the taxon has yet to be published with a diagnosis and identification of holotype (D. Lunde, in litt., 2004).	Sichuan Niviventer
13001610	Niviventer fraternus	Robinson and Kloss 1916	SPECIES			fraternus		Niviventer	Muridae	Rodentia	J. Strs. Br. Roy. Asiat. Soc. vol.73 p.373		atchinensis (Sody, 1941).	Montane forest formations along mountainous backbone of W Sumatra.		Originally described as Epimys fraternus, but subsequently treated as a subspecies of Rattus rapit (Chasen, 1940), R. orbus (Ellerman, 1941), or Niviventer rapit ( = Chasens R. rapit; Musser, 1970b; Corbet and Hill, 1992); the latter authorities also included the Bornean rapit and Malay Peninsula cameroni as subspecies. Niviventer fraternus is about same size or larger than N. rapit, but smaller in body size than N. cameroni, without a tufted tail, and has a wider zygomatic plate than either N. cameroni or N. rapit. Multivariate analyses of morphometric traits cluster N. fraternus tightly with N. fulvescens and its allies and not with either N. cameroni or N. rapit (Musser and Lunde, ms). Member of a murine cluster endemic to Sumatra (Musser, 1986; also see account of Maxomys hylomyoides).	Montane Sumatran Niviventer
13001631	Palawanomys	Musser and Newcomb 1983	GENUS					Palawanomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.174 p.335	Palawanomys furvus Musser and Newcomb, 1983.				RattusDivision. Phylogenetic affinities unclear, but among murines native to the Sunda Shelf, Palawanomys appears morphologically most closely allied to the cluster of genera that includes Rattus; broader regional comparisons required before more precise affinities can be determined (Musser and Newcomb, 1983).	
13001611	Niviventer fulvescens	Gray 1847	SPECIES			fulvescens		Niviventer	Muridae	Rodentia	Cat. Hodgson Coll. Br. Mus. p.18		baturus  (Sody, 1932); besuki (Sody, 1931); blythi (Kloss, 1917); bukit (Bonhote, 1903); caudatior (Hodgson, 1849); cinnamomeus (Blyth, 1859) [not Pictet, 1844]; condorensis (Kloss, 1926); flavipilis (Shih, 1930); gracilis (Miller, 1913); huang (Bonhote, 1905); jacobsoni (Bartels, 1937); jerdoni (Blyth, 1863); lepidus (Miller, 1913); lepturoides (Sody, 1934); lieftincki (Chasen, 1939); ling (Bonhote, 1905); marinus (Kloss, 1916); mekongis (Robinson and Kloss, 1922); minor (Shih, 1930); octomammis (Gray, 1863); orbus (Robinson and Kloss, 1914); pan (Robinson and Kloss, 1914); temmincki (Kloss, 1921); treubii (Robinson and Kiloss, 1919); vulpicolor (G. M. Allen, 1926); wongi (Shih, 1931).	From S Himalayas (Nepal and N India; see Agrawal, 2000, for Indian distribution; Corbet and Hill, 1992 extend range to N Pakistan, but we have not seen any specimens from that region) through Bangladesh, S China (Wang, 2003; including Hainan Isl and Hong Kong), and Indochina (including Con Son Isl and several other islands off coast of Vietnam; Kuznetsov, 2000; Musser and Lunde, ms) to the Sunda Shelf on Peninsular Thailand (and offshore Koh Chang), Malay Peninsula (and offshore Koh Samui), Sumatra, Java, and Bali; absent from Borneo and other islands on the Sunda Shelf. Because samples of N. fulvescens have been confused with those of N. confucianus, N. niviventer, and N. tenaster in museum collections and the literature, the range outlined here derives primarily from Mussers identification of specimens in AMNH, ANSP, BMNH, FMNH, HUNHM, MCZ, MNHN, MZB, RMBR, RMNH, USNM, and ZFMK.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>Some authors have referred to populations on Bali, Java, Sumatra, Malay Peninsula, and peninsular Thailand as either N. rapit (Chasen, 1940) or N. bukit (Corbet and Hill, 1992; J. T. Marshall, Jr., 1977a; Musser, 1981b), and those occurring north of the Isthmus of Kra as N. fulvescens, pending taxonomic revision of the group. Abes (1983) study, which focused on Thai samples, and recent morphometric analyses combining Indochinese and Sundaic samples (Musser and Lunde, ms) support the hypothesis that specimens of bukit represent N. fulvescens (Abe, 1983), an arrangement reflecting the earlier view of Ellerman (1941) and particularly Osgood (1932:305): "The relationship of fulvescens to southern forms is obvious in several instances, especially in that of R. f. bukit which can at most be no more than a subspecies." This hypothesis will require additional testing with other data sets, includin... [truncated]	Indomalayan Niviventer
13001612	Niviventer hinpoon	J. T. Marshall, Jr. 1976	SPECIES			hinpoon		Niviventer	Muridae	Rodentia	Family Muridae: rats and mice [Privately printed by Government Printing Office, Bangkok] p.459			Endemic to Korat Plateau in Thailand (J. T. Marshall, Jr.; specimens in AMNH and USNM).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	See Musser (1981b) for discussion of original citation. A very distinctive species (the only one with buffy underparts) that is morphometrically most closely related to N. fulvescens (Musser and Lunde, ms).	Limestone Niviventer
13001613	Niviventer langbianis	Robinson and Kloss 1922	SPECIES			langbianis		Niviventer	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.9 p.96		indosinicus  (Osgood, 1932); quangninhensis (Dao and Cao, 1990); vientianensis (Bourret, 1942).	Tropical evergreen rainforest formations in Indochina north of the Isthmus of Kra: recorded from NE India (Aranachal Pradesch; USNM 564482; Musser, 1973c), Burma (Musser, 1973c), Thailand north of Isthmus of Kra (J. T. Marshall, Jr., 1977a), Cardamom Mtns of SW Cambodia (A. Smith, in litt., 2002), Laos (Musser, 1973c), and Vietnam (Dang et al., 1994; Lunde et al., 2003b; specimens in AMNH and IEBR). See maps in Musser (1973c) and Corbet and Hill (1992). Sketch of range derived from Musser (1973c) and Mussers study of recently collected material in AMNH and IEBR; see also Lunde et al., 2003b).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Morphological limits and comparisons with N. cremoriventer, which is similar in some external and cranial traits, were reported by Musser (1973c, 1981b); also reviewed by Corbet and Hill (1992). Dao and Cao (1990) described quangninhensis as a subspecies of Rattus cremoriventer (= N. cremoriventer). Niviventer cremoriventer occurs in Indochina only south of the Isthmus of Kra (see that account), but N. langbianis is still referred to as either Rattus cremoriventer or Niviventer cremoriventer in most of the current Vietnamese (Dang et al., 1994) and Chinese (Zhang et al., 1997) literature. One out of the several distinct traits characterizing N. langbianis is its monocolored brown tail, which is the feature used by most researchers to separate the species from specimens of N. fulvescens, but the tail ranges from bicolored to monocolored brown in N. fulvescens and those with brown tails are ... [truncated]	Indochinese Arboreal Niviventer
13001614	Niviventer lepturus	Jentink 1879	SPECIES			lepturus		Niviventer	Muridae	Rodentia	Notes Leyden Mus. vol.2 p.17		fredericae  (Sody, 1931); maculipectus (Sody, 1934).	Endemic to montane forest in W and C Java (based upon specimens in AMNH, BMNH, MVZ, RMBR, and RMNH).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed and compared with other species of Niviventer by Musser (1981b). Originally described as a species, subsequently kept that way in a "lepturus Group" by Ellerman (1941:197), then arranged as a subspecies of rapit (Chasen, 1940; Sody, 1941), and finally recognized again as a separate species and distinctive member of the endemic Javan murine fauna (Corbet and Hill, 1992; Musser, 1986; Musser and Newcomb, 1983; see account of Kadarsanomys sodyi). Multivariate analyses of morphometric traits cluster N. lepturus with the Taiwanese N. culturatus, Chinese N. andersoni and N. excelsior, and Burmese N. brahma, and not with any of the other species of Niviventer occurring on the Sunda Shelf (Musser and Lunde, ms).	Montane Javan Niviventer
13001615	Niviventer niviventer	Hodgson 1836	SPECIES			niviventer		Niviventer	Muridae	Rodentia	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.5 p.234		lepcha  (Wroughton, 1916); monticola (Ghose, 1964); niveiventer (Blanford, 1891).	Himalayas in montane habitats from N Pakistan (USNM 359793), through NW India (Uttar Pradesh), and Nepal to NE India in Sikkim and higher altitudes of West Bengal (Darjiling Dist.); 1800-3600 m (Abe, 1977; Agrawal, 2000). Range derived from Mussers study of specimens (in BMNH, HUNHM, ROM, USNM, and ZFMK), which coincides with that outlined by Corbet and Hill (1992) but not Agrawal (2000; see below).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>Recognized as a species since Ellerman (1941); N. niviventer later came to embrace populations extending from Nepal through Indochina, Malay Peninsula, and some islands on the Sunda Shelf (Ellerman, 1961; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; Niethammer and Martens, 1975); some of the names associated with N. niviventer in those reports now identify separate species or are synonyms of others (N. confucianus, N. culturatus, N. fulvescens, and N tenaster; see those accounts). "There is yet no convincing evidence that the Nepalese populations are the same as those from areas farther east in northern Burma and China" (Musser, 1981b:253), or from Thailand (Abe, 1983:160), or anywhere else in Indochina or on the Sunda Shelf. Multivariate analysis of morphometric traits incorporating samples of most named forms in Niviventer isolates N. niviventer from clusters containing the four species listed above (Musser and Lunde, ... [truncated]	Himalayan Niviventer
13400225	Dasyprocta azarae	Lichtenstein 1823	SPECIES			azarae		Dasyprocta	Dasyproctidae	Rodentia	Verz. Doublet. Zool. Mus. Berlin p.3		acuti  (Cuvier, 1812); aurea Cope, 1889; catrinae Thomas, 1917; caudata Lund, 1841; felicia Thomas, 1917; paraguayensis Liais, 1872.	EC and S Brazil, Paraguay, NE Argentina.	IUCN  Vulnerable.		Azaras Agouti
13001616	Niviventer rapit	Bonhote 1903	SPECIES			rapit		Niviventer	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.11 p.123			Highlands of Borneo (specimens in BMNH, MZB, RMBR UMMZ, and USNM); found between 940 and 3360 m on the slopes of Mt Kinabalu in Sabah (Md Nor, 2001), and probably occurs throughout Borneo in mountain forests. In 1998, a large sample was collected by A. J. Gorog on Bukit Baka in Bukit Raya National Park in SW Kalimantan (specimens in UMMZ and MZB).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed and contrasted with other species of Niviventer by Musser (1981b), who arranged cameroni from the Malay Peninsula and fraternus from Sumatra as subspecies. Musser and Carleton (1993) noted that the "hypothesis that only one species is involved in such a disjunct insular distribution requires evaluation in context of systematic revision of Niviventer." Recent unpublished multivariate analyses of morphometric variation among samples of all species of Niviventer indicates that the three taxa are morphologically highly distinctive and that each should be treated as a separate species (Musser and Lunde, ms). In those analyses, N. rapit is isolated among species of Niviventer, does not cluster with either N. cameroni or N. fraternus, and differs from the latter two by its long and tufted tail, short molar rows, small bullae, and short and wide incisive foramina, among other traits. Member of the suite of murine sp... [truncated]	Montane Bornean Niviventer
13001617	Niviventer tenaster	Thomas 1916	SPECIES			tenaster		Niviventer	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.17 p.425		champa (Robinson and Kloss, 1922); lotipes (G. M. Allen, 1926).	Mountains of WC (Mt Victoria) and S (Mulayit Taung) Burma, NW Thailand (Doi Pui and Doi Suthep, Chiengmai Province), S Cambodia (Elephant Mtns), S Laos, Vietnam, and in China in the Tengchong region of W Yunnan (east of the Salween River bordering N Burma; specimens in IZAS, D. Lunde, in litt., 2004); also on Hainan Isl off southern coast of China; probably occurs in mountains of N Laos. Range primarily derived from specimens identified by Musser in AMNH, BMNH, FMNH, IEBR, USNM, and ZMA; also see Lunde et al. (2003b).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Originally described as a species, tenaster was later arranged as a subspecies of N. cremoriventer (Ellerman, 1941, 1961; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951) until the type specimens were shown to represent a separate species (Musser, 1973c, 1981b). The large-bodied and montane N. tenaster is morphometrically most closely related to N. confucianus among species of Niviventer (Musser and Lunde, ms). Analysis of mtDNA cytochrome b sequences points to N. coninga as the close ally of N. tenaster, and clusters both within a monophyletic clade also containing N. confucianus and N. culturatus (J. L. Patton, in litt., 2000; N. fulvescens and N. langbianis were the only other Niviventer sampled). Niviventer tenaster is restricted to montane habitats in Indochina mostly beyond the range of N. confucianus, and is sympatric in some places with N. fulvescens and N. ... [truncated]	Indochinese Mountain Niviventer
13001618	Notomys	Lesson 1842	GENUS					Notomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Nouv. Tabl. Regne Anim. Mammifères p.129	Dipus mitchellii Ogilby, 1838.	Ascopharynx Waite, 1900; Podanomalus Waite, 1898; Thylacomys Waite, 1898.			<p>PseudomysDivision. Member of the Australian Old Endemics (Musser, 1981c), which includes the Conilurini in which Baverstock (1984) placed Notomys. Gross and microscopical anatomy of neck glands described by Watts (1975); morphological variation in female reproductive tract documented by Breed (1985); morphology of male reproductive tract, glans penis, and spermatozoa described by Breed (1980, 1984, 1986), Breed and Sarafis (1978), and Morrissey and Breed (1982); results of electrophoretic studies presented by Baverstock et al. (1977b, 1981); chromosomal evolution and G-banding homologies addressed by Baverstock et al. (1977c, e, 1983b). Mahoney and Richardson (1988) cataloged references to taxonomy, distribution, and biology of the species.</p><p>Members of Notomys form a monophyletic group diagnosed by a suite of distinctive morphological and genic traits; closest phylogenetic relatives are species of Pseudomys (see Lid... [truncated]	
13001619	Notomys alexis	Thomas 1922	SPECIES			alexis		Notomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.9 p.316		everardensis Finlayson, 1940; reginae Troughton, 1936.	Australia; Western Australia, Northern Territory, South Australia, and W Queensland (Breed, 1995b:568; Robinson et al., 2000; Watts and Aslin, 1981:109).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Of all the species of Notomys, N. alexis has the most extensive geographic range (Watts and Aslin, 1981). Variation in sperm head morphology documented by Breed and Sarafis (1983) and its phylogenetic significance discussed by Breed (1997). Studies on sperm storage in vas deferens and comparison with other Notomys provided by Peirce et al. (2003). Digestive tract traits and relation to diet documented by Murray et al. (1994). Reviewed by Watts and Aslin (1981) and Breed (1995b).	Spinifex Hopping Mouse
13001620	Notomys amplus	Brazenor 1936	SPECIES			amplus		Notomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Mem. Nat. Mus. Melb. vol.9 p.7			Australia; S Northern Territory and N South Australia (see Watts and Aslin, 1981:104); recorded as subfossils from South Australia (Robinson et al., 2000).	IUCN  Extinct.	Known by only two extant specimens from the type locality (Watts and Aslin, 1981) and a skin collected during the last century from Burt Plain near Alice Springs (in the Australian Museum; T. Flannery, in litt., 2002), but also represented by owl pellet deposits from Flinders Ranges of South Australia (Dixon, 1995b); apparently extinct (Mahoney and Richardson, 1988; Watts and Aslin, 1981). Reviewed by Watts and Aslin (1981b) and Dixon (1995d).	Short-tailed Hopping Mouse
13001621	Notomys aquilo	Thomas 1921	SPECIES			aquilo		Notomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.8 p.540		carpentarius Johnson, 1959.	Australia; N Queensland and N Northern Territory (Groote Eylandt and N Arnhem Land); Watts and Aslin (1981:113).	U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Found only in three coastal or near-coastal areas of ridges around the Gulf of Carpentaria (Flannery, 1995c). Distribution, habitat, and conservation status of N. aquilo documented by Woinarski et al. (1999).	Northern Hopping Mouse
13400226	Dasyprocta coibae	Thomas 1902	SPECIES			coibae		Dasyprocta	Dasyproctidae	Rodentia	Novit. Zool. vol.9 p.136			Endemic to Coiba Isl.	IUCN  Endangered.	Reviewed by Hall (1981:862).	Coiban Agouti
13001624	Notomys longicaudatus	Gould 1844	SPECIES			longicaudatus		Notomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1844 p.104		sturti  Thomas, 1921.	Australia: Western Australia and Northern Territory (Watts and Aslin, 1981:107; Dixon, 1995c:577); extinct but recorded as subfossils from South Australia (Robinson et al., 2000). "Given the wide range of locations that live animals were collected from, and the increasing number of locations where its remains have been found, this species must have once occupied much of the arid and semi-arid zones of western and central Australia." (Ellis, 1995:40).	IUCN  Extinct.	No living animals have either been seen or trapped since 1901, and the species is apparently extinct (Watts and Aslin, 1981). Dixon (1995c:578) noted that "Once widespread throughout arid and semiarid country where the vegetation included acacia and eucalypt woodlands, hummock grassland and low shrubland, the Long-tailed Hopping-mouse is now unknown and possibly extinct." Male reproductive anatomy and spermatozoal morphology described by Breed (1990).	Long-tailed Hopping Mouse
13001625	Notomys macrotis	Thomas 1921	SPECIES			macrotis		Notomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.8 p.538		megalotis Iredale and Troughton, 1934.	Known only from the type locality (Dixon, 1995d:578).	IUCN  Extinct.	Represented only by the holotype and paratype from "Australia" (Mahoney, 1975). Apparently extinct. Closest phylogenetic relative is probably Notomys cervinus (Mahoney, 1975). Reviewed by Watts and Aslin (1981) and Dixon (1995d).	Big-eared Hopping Mouse
13001626	Notomys mitchellii	Ogilby 1838	SPECIES			mitchellii		Notomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Lond. Edinb. Philos. Mag. J. Sci. vol.12 p.96		alutacea Brazenor, 1934; gouldi (Gould, 1863); macropus Thomas, 1921; richardsonii (Gray, 1844).	Australia; S Western Australia, S South Australia, and W Victoria (Bennett and Lumsden, 1995:213; Robinson et al., 2000; Watts, 1995c:579; Watts and Aslin, 1981:118); once occurred in SW New South Wales but is now apparently extinct there (Mahoney and Richardson, 1988:170).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	The largest living species of Notomys; reviewed by Watts and Aslin (1981) and Watts (1995c).	Mitchells Hopping Mouse
13001627	Notomys mordax	Thomas 1922	SPECIES			mordax		Notomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.9 p.317			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN  Extinct.	Still represented only by the the skull of the holotype (Mahoney, 1977). Apparently extinct (Mahoney and Richardson, 1988; Watts, 1995d; Watts and Aslin, 1981). Provenance of the skull was questioned by Mack (1961), but Mahoney (1977) claimed there were no adequate reasons for doubting that it came from Darling Downs and considered N. mordax a valid species closely related to N. mitchelli. Watts and Aslin (1981:121) remarked that "it is not possible to be sure that this one skull really represents a distinct species, or whether it is simply that of a large specimen of Mitchell's hopping-mouse." K. Aplin (in litt., 2004) wrote that a subfossil sample obtained recently from near Coonabarabran (NE New South Wales) contains good material of a Notomys similar to N. mitchelli from W Victoria, but with slightly smaller teeth (N. mitchelli has smaller molars than exhibited by the larger-toothed N. mordax; Mahoney, 1977). Habitat... [truncated]	Darling Downs Hopping Mouse
13001628	Oenomys	Thomas 1904	GENUS					Oenomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.13 p.416	Mus hypoxanthus Pucheran, 1855.	Aenomys Kershaw, 1923.			OenomysDivision. A phylogenetic analysis of 17 cranial and 23 dental traits related Oenomys most closely to African Thamnomys (Lopez-Martinez et al., 1998), a link previously suggested by Hatt (1940a), and Lamottemys. A morphometric study using a Fourier analysis applied to outlines of first upper and lower molars underscored the existence of the two species discussed below and the presence of possibly two other undescribed species (Renaud, 1999). DNA/DNA hybridization experiments placed Oenomys in a clade with Arvicanthis, Dasymys, Aethomys, and Hybomys (Chevret, 1994). Isolated molars of Oenomys have been uncovered from Pliocene and Pleistocene sediments in East Africa (Jaeger, 1976; Sabatier, 1982; Wesselman, 1984; see review by Denys, 1999).	
13001629	Oenomys hypoxanthus	Pucheran 1855	SPECIES			hypoxanthus		Oenomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Rev. Mag. Zool. Paris, ser. 2 vol.7 p.206		albiventris  Eisentraut, 1968; anchietae (Bocage, 1890); bacchante (Thomas, 1903); editus Thomas and Wroughton, 1910; marungensis (Noack, 1887); moerens Thomas, 1911; oris Thomas, 1911; rufinus (Matschie, 1895) [not Temminck, 1855]; talangae Setzer, 1956; unyori (Thomas, 1903); vallicola Heller, 1914.	Tropical forest block from S Nigeria south to W and NE Angola (Crawford-Cabral, 1998), and east across Dem. Rep. Congo (incl. islands of Zaire River between Kisangani and Kinshasa; Colyn and Dudu, 1986) to Rwanda, Burundi, and Uganda; also isolated forest patches in S Sudan, SW Ethiopia (Yalden et al., 1996), Kenya and W Tanzania (see section of map east of Ghana in Dieterlen and Rupp, 1976).	IUCN  Data Deficient.	Another African species showing appreciable geographic variation in fur color and body size (Dieterlen and Rupp, 1976; Rosevear, 1969; Thomas, 1915). Chromosomal data reported by Matthey (1963, 1967a) and Maddalena et al. (1989). Palatal ridges of sample from Mount Oku described and contrasted with Lamottemys okuensis (Fülling, 1992). Altitudinal distribution on Ugandan slopes of Ruwenzori Mtns reviewed by Kerbis Peterhans et al. (1998).	Common Oenomys
13001630	Oenomys ornatus	Thomas 1911	SPECIES			ornatus		Oenomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.7 p.378			Records are from SE Guinea (Mt Nimba; Tranier and Gautun, 1979), E Sierra Leone, and S Ghana (Grubb et al., 1998); probably also occurs in Côte dIvoire and Liberia in suitable forest habitats.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Originally described by Thomas (1911b) as a species, and subsequently either listed that way (G. M. Allen, 1939; Ellerman, 1941) or included in O. hypoxanthus (Misonne, 1974). Rosevear (1969), however, recognized ornatus as a distinctive subspecies of O. hypoxanthus, and Tranier and Gautun (1979) reinstated its specific uniqueness as indicated by chromosomal, morphological, and distributional attributes. Populations in Sierra Leone and Ghana reviewed by Grubb et al. (1998). Member of murine fauna endemic to West Africa (see account of Grammomys buntingi).	West African Oenomys
13001634	Papagomys armandvillei	Jentink 1892	SPECIES			armandvillei		Papagomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Weber's Zool. Ergebn. vol.3 p.79, pl. 5		besar Hooijer, 1957; verhoeveni Hooijer, 1957.	Recorded only from Flores Isl.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Known by extant specimens as well as subfossil fragments (3000-4000 years old).	Armandvilles Papagomys
13001635	Papagomys theodorverhoeveni	Musser 1981	SPECIES			theodorverhoeveni		Papagomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.169 p.95			Known only from Flores Isl.	IUCN  Extinct (but see comments).	Recorded only as subfossil fragments (3000-4000 years old), but possibly still living on Flores.	Theodore Verhoevens Papagomys
13001636	Parahydromys	Poche 1906	GENUS					Parahydromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Zool. Anz. vol.30 p.326	Limnomys asper Thomas, 1906.	Drosomys  Thomas, 1906; Limnomys (Thomas, 1906) [not Mearns, 1905].			HydromysDivision. Member of the New Guinea Old Endemics (Musser, 1981c). Thought to be closely related to species of Hydromys judged by cranial and dental morphology (Tate, 1951; Flannery, 1989; Mussers study of specimens) phallic traits (Lidicker, 1968), immunological distances (Watts and Baverstock, 1994), and spermatozoal structure (Breed, 1997; Breed and Aplin, 1994). Based upon albumin immunology and spermatozoal traits, Parahydromys joins Hydromys and Leggadina in a larger clade containing members of our Xeromys, Pseudomys, and Uromys Divisions (the "Australasian clade," Watts and Baverstock, 1996), and not the clades formed by our Pogonomys or Lorentzimys Divisions (Watts and Baverstock, 1994a, 1995b, 1996; Breed and Aplin, 1994; Breed, 1997). However, analyses of multiple mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences disassociate Leggadina from Parahydromys and Hydromys... [truncated]	
13001637	Parahydromys asper	Thomas 1906	SPECIES			asper		Parahydromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.17 p.326			New Guinea; Central Cordillera from the Arfak Mountains and Weyland Range in Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya) to E flanks of the Owen Stanley Range in Papua New Guinea, as well as Huon Peninsula (Flannery, 1995a:251).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Flannery (1990b, 1995a) reviewed the little distributional and biological information recorded for the species, which unlike species of Hydromys, is not amphibious. Donnellan (1987) reported chromosomal data. Cole et al. (1997) discussed a specimen from the Mt Dayman region at the E end of the species range. Aplin et al. (1999) reported a specimen of this species from a Holocene archaeological site on the Ayamaru Plateau, central Birds Head Peninsula of Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya).	New Guinea Waterside Rat
13001638	Paraleptomys	Tate and Archbold 1941	GENUS					Paraleptomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.1101 p.1	Paraleptomys wilhelmina Tate and Archbold, 1941.				HydromysDivision. Member of the New Guinea Old Endemics (Musser, 1981c). Based on phallic and some cranial traits (Lidicker, 1968; Tate, 1951), Paraleptomys has traditionally been phylogenetically linked to Leptomys, which is more closely allied to Pseudohydromys (which includes Mayremys and Neohydromys), and Xeromys than to any member of the Hydromys Division (see account of Leptomys). Although cranial conformation is similar in Paraleptomys and Leptomys, the former is more like Hydromys in possessing a primitive murine cephalic arterial pattern (derived configuration in Leptomys), lacking third upper and lower molars (retained in Leptomys), and having basined occlusal patterns on the remaining molars (much more elaborate occlusal surfaces in Leptomys). We suggest that Paraleptomys is a terrestrial representative of our Hydromys Division (Hydro... [truncated]	
13001639	Paraleptomys rufilatus	Osgood 1945	SPECIES			rufilatus		Paraleptomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Fieldiana Zool. vol.31 p.1			NC New Guinea; known only from montane forest formations (1200-1800 m) on N coastal ranges in Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya) on Mt. Dafonsero, Cyclops Mtns (Flannery, 1995a; Osgood, 1945) and adjacent Papua New Guinea on Mt. Somoro,Torricelli Mtns (Flannery, 1995a:253), and Mt. Menawa, Bewani Mtns (specimens in BBM, K. Helgen, pers. comm.).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	A distinct species (Flannery, 1990b; Osgood, 1945) that along with the murine Microhydromys musseri, monotreme Zaglossus attenboroughi, and marsupials Dendrolagus scottae and Petaurus abidi is endemic to the northern coastal ranges (Flannery, 1990b, 1995a).	Northern Paraleptomys
13001651	Paruromys	Ellerman 1954	GENUS					Paruromys	Muridae	Rodentia	In Laurie and Hill, List of land mammals of New Guinea, Celebes and adjacent islands p.117	Rattus dominator Thomas, 1921.				RattusDivision. Described by Ellerman as a subgenus of Rattus, but now recognized as distinct genus (Musser and Newcomb, 1983; Musser, 1984). Membership in the Rattus Division is supported by morphological data (Musser and Newcomb, 1983) and albumin immunology (Watts and Baverstock, 1994b). Morphological comparisons with Sundaic Sundamys, also in the Rattus Division, recorded by Musser and Newcomb, 1983).	
13001640	Paraleptomys wilhelmina	Tate and Archbold 1941	SPECIES			wilhelmina		Paraleptomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.1101 p.1			C New Guinea; known only from N slopes of Snow Mtns between Idenburg River and Mt Wilhelmina in Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya) (Tate and Archbold, 1941) and the Tifalmin Valley in W Papua New Guinea (Flannery and Seri, 1990:189; Flannery, 1995a); altitudinal range, 1800-2800 m (specimens in AMNH).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	A common part of the montane small mammal fauna on north slopes of the Snow Mtns (Musser and Lunde, ms). More than two species may be represented in available samples: series from above 2200 m on north slopes of the Snow Mtns and Tifalmin Valley represent P. wilhelmina, but specimens from below 2200 m on north slopes of the Snow Mtns likely sample a morphologically closely related but separate species (K. Helgen, in litt., 2003).	Central Cordilleran Paraleptomys
13800437	Syconycteris australis subsp. major	K. Andersen 1911	SUBSPECIES		major	australis		Syconycteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13001641	Paramelomys	Rümmler 1936	GENUS					Paramelomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Z. Säugetierk. vol.10 p.248	Uromys levipes Thomas, 1897.				UromysDivision. Originally described as a subgenus of Melomys by Rümmler (1936) and either retained as a synonym of that genus (Musser and Carleton, 1993; Tate, 1951) or ignored (Laurie and Hill, 1954) until Menzies (1996) rediagnosed Paramelomys and raised it to generic rank (using principally multivariate analyses of continuous variation in morphological traits). Included are nine species whose shared traits, according to Menzies, isolate them as a monophyletic group endemic to New Guinea and separate from the species of Melomys. Analysis of albumin immunology of some species also supports their exclusion from Melomys (Watts and Baverstock, 1994a). All species revised by Menzies (1996).	
13001642	Paramelomys gressitti	Menzies 1996	SPECIES			gressitti		Paramelomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Aust. J. Zool. vol.44 p.407		A very distinctive species restricted to montane forest formations and apparently morphologically related to P. moncktoni  and P. lorentzii (Menzies, 1996).	Known only from 2300 m on Mt Kaindi and 2400 m on Mt Garaina (80 km from Mt Kaindi), both in Morobe Province. In addition to the five specimens in the type series listed by Menzies (1996:407), five others have also been collected on Mt Kaindi (USNM 357443-357445, 357488, and 357489).			Gressitts Paramelomys
13001643	Paramelomys levipes	Thomas 1897	SPECIES			levipes		Paramelomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova vol.18 p.617			Papua New Guinea, S Central Province; the only specimens we have seen are from the Sogeri Plateau and Astrolabe Range near Port Moresby, below about 700 m. Leary and Seri (1997) reported two examples at Omo (06°58'41" S 144°18'15" E), 170 m in the Kikori River Basin in S Papua New Guinea. Menzies (1996:415) gave the range as "Lowlands of eastern New Guinea, probably not over 1200 m. Lack of specimens prevents defining precise distribution."	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Melomys levipes.	A lectotype was designated by Menzies (1989), but Rümmler (1938) had already indicated which of Thomas' two cotypes should be considered the holotype. Our examination of series indicated that true P. levipes is documented by the holotype and Tate's (1951:291) series from Baruari and Itiki in the Astrolabe Range (other material Tate listed as P. levipes are examples of either P. platyops or P. mollis). All other records usually associated with P. levipes (Laurie and Hill, 1954; Tate, 1951) represent either Mammelomys lanosus and M. rattoides or Paramelomys lorentzii and P. mollis. In morphology and altitudinal distribution, P. levipes is morphologically very similar to P. naso from SW lowlands of Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya) and may represent the SE Papuan New Guinea relative of that species. A skull only from New Britain (AMNH 194397) is cranially and de... [truncated]	Papuan Lowland Paramelomys
13001644	Paramelomys lorentzii	Jentink 1908	SPECIES			lorentzii		Paramelomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Nova Guinea vol.9 p.3			New Guinea; specimens are from lowlands along the south side of Central Cordillera, from Mimika River in SW Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya) to middle altitudes and lowlands of the upper and middle Fly River; sea level to 780 m (based on specimens examined in AMNH and BMNH); limits unknown.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Melomys lorentzii.	Usually listed as a subspecies of Melomys levipes [= Peramelomys lorentzii] (Laurie and Hill, 1954; Tate, 1951), lorentzii is a distinct species morphologically related to P. moncktoni (Menzies, 1996, and our observations). P. lorentzii and P. moncktoni have not yet been recorded as sympatric, but they both occur along the Fly River in S Papua New Guinea. Paramelomys lorentzii was collected by members of the Archbold 1936-1937 Expedition along the upper Fly River and downriver to Lake Daviumbu in the middle Fly River; P. moncktoni was collected opposite Sturt Isl on the lower Fly River, about 115 direct air miles (185 km) southeast of Lake Daviumbu.	Lorentzs Paramelomys
13001652	Paruromys dominator	Thomas 1921	SPECIES			dominator		Paruromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.7 p.244		frosti  (Ellerman, 1949); ursinus (Sody, 1941).	Sulawesi; Tropical evergreen lowland and montane rainforests throughout the island, from sea level to tree-line.	IUCN  Endangered as P. ursinus, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	<p>Musser and Newcomb (1983) reviewed the taxonomic allocations of dominator from the time it was originally described as a species of Rattus (Thomas, 1921a), through its allocation to genus Taeromys (Sody, 1941) and use as type-species of subgenus Paruromys in Rattus (Ellerman, in Laurie and Hill, 1954), up to its inclusion in subgenus Bullimus in Rattus (Misonne, 1969). Spermatozoal morphology of P. dominator is unlike species of Rattus or any other species for which data from spermatozoal morphology are available (Breed and Musser, 1991), and stomach morphology is also unique among sampled murines (Musser and Durden, 2002). Musser (1971b) documented the association of Ellermans frosti with P. dominator. Sodys (1941) ursinus, based upon specimens from the upper slopes of Gunung Lampobatang on the SE peninsula of Sulawesi, was described as a subspecies of Taeromys dominator</i... [truncated]	Giant Sulawesi Rat
13001653	Paulamys	Musser 1986	GENUS					Paulamys	Muridae	Rodentia	In Musser et al., Am. Mus. Novit. vol.2850 p.2	Floresomys naso Musser, 1981.	Floresomys  Musser, 1981 [not Fries et al., 1955].			RattusDivision. Phylogenetically most closely related to Sulawesian Bunomys as assessed by morphology (Kitchener et al., 1991a), and the Timorese Rattus timorensis as inferred from albumin immunology (Watts and Baverstock, 1994b); included in Bunomys by Corbet and Hill (1992). This postulated affinity between Paulamys and Bunomys needs testing by study of more extant specimens of P. naso in a phylogenetic context that would also compare the sample with species of native New Guinea, Nusa Tenggara, and Australian Rattus, along with Sulawesi Bunomys. Mussers Floresomys is invalid because of Fries et al.s (1955) Floresomys, an Eocene geomyoid (McKenna and Bell, 1997:181).	
13800438	Syconycteris australis subsp. naias	K. Andersen 1911	SUBSPECIES		naias	australis		Syconycteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13001645	Paramelomys mollis	Thomas 1913	SPECIES			mollis		Paramelomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.12 p.210		arfakianus  (Rümmler, 1935); clarae (Rümmler, 1935); meeki (Rümmler, 1935); stevensi (Rümmler, 1935); weylandi (Rümmler, 1935).	New Guinea; scattered in montane forest throughout Central Cordillera from Arfak Mtns in Vogelkop and Weyland Range of Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya) to Mt Dayman at end of the Owen Stanley Range in extreme E Papua New Guinea; above 1200 m to 2500 m or more; not recorded from N coastal ranges or the Huon Peninsula (Flannery, 1995a; Menzies, 1996; and specimens we studied).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Melomys mollis.	Specimens representing P. mollis have been identified as P. levipes in the literature (usually as Melomys levipes), and the synonyms listed here have also been associated with that species. However, judged by Mussers study of specimens in AMNH and BMNH, P. mollis is a distinct species tied to montane forest formations and differs from P. levipes in habitat and morphology. Specimens from W Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya) are more darkly pigmented than those from E Papua New Guinea, but series from Papua New Guinea Central and Eastern highlands bridge this chromatic gap. Menziess (1996:416) concept of the species is much the same as ours (Musser and Carleton, 1993) and he noted, "As this rat has a wide altitudinal range. . . and occurs on discontinuous mountain ranges, some geographical variation is to be expected."	Montane Soft-furred Paramelomys
13001646	Paramelomys moncktoni	Thomas 1904	SPECIES			moncktoni		Paramelomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.14 p.399		sturti  (Tate, 1951).	Papua New Guinea; reliable records are from coastal plains and foothills (sea level to 1400 m) of SE Papua New Guinea, from Wewak on the NE coast eastward to S lowlands where westernmost record is from Sturt Isl camp on the lower Fly River (from our study of specimens, and Menzies, 1996); also on Sideia Isl, just off the E coast near Milne Bay. Flannery (1995b) recorded a specimen from Yapen Isl in NW Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya) and mapped two localities on the mainland of SW Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya) (Flannery, 1995a); these should be reexamined to determine if the former is a P. platyops and the latter P. lorentzii, or if indeed they are P. moncktoni.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Melomys moncktoni.	<p>Horizontal and altitudinal distributions of this species have been misunderstood due to incorrect identifications of specimens. Paramelomys moncktoni was thought to have a primarily southern distribution from Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya) to Papua New Guinea, and to extend up into moss forest (see map and discussion in Flannery, 1990b:225), but all samples from moss forest represent other species. Examples of P. moncktoni come only from the restricted range described above (based upon series in AMNH and BMNH; also see Menzies, 1996).</p><p>The forms intermedius and shawi are usually associated with P. moncktoni (Flannery, 1990b; Laurie and Hill, 1954; Tate, 1951, under Melomys), but the holotype of shawi is a P. rubex and the type series of intermedius belongs to P. platyops (Mussers study of specimens and Menzies, 1996). Musser and Carleton (1993) incorrectly allocated sturt... [truncated]	Moncktons Paramelomys
13001647	Paramelomys naso	Thomas 1911	SPECIES			naso		Paramelomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.7 p.386			New Guinea; lowlands of SW Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya) and Weyland Range, limits unknown on mainland; also on Wokam Isl in the Aru Isl Group (Menzies, 1995; Flannery, 1995b, identified the specimen from Wokam as P. lorentzii).		Treated as a synonym of Melomys levipes lorentzii by Rümmler (1938) and as a subspecies of M. levipes by Tate (1951) and Laurie and Hill (1954). Musser and Carleton (1993) incorrectly included naso in P. lorentzii but the two are sympatric (Menzies, 1996). Morphologically and probably phylogenetically most closely related to P. levipes in the lowlands of SE Papua New Guinea. An adult from the Weyland Range (AMNH 101957) collected at 5000 ft (1524 m), much higher than any other record, has all the characteristics of P. naso (including one hair per tail scale); it was collected along with examples of montane P. mollis and P. rubex.	Long-nosed Paramelomys
13001648	Paramelomys platyops	Thomas 1906	SPECIES			platyops		Paramelomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.17 p.327		fuscus  (Rümmler, 1935); intermedius (Rümmler, 1935); jobiensis (Rümmler, 1935); mamberanus (Sody, 1937).	New Guinea, throughout lowlands and mid-mountain altitudes on the mainland except seasonally dry savanna forests of the southern lowlands; altitudinal range from sea level to 1500 m. Also occurs on islands of Yapen and Biak in Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya); New Britain in the Bismarck Arch.; and the islands of Normanby, Fergusson, and Goodenough in the D'Entrecasteaux Arch. (Flannery, 1995a; Menzies, 1996; specimens in AMNH).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Melomys platyops.	This species was thought to range primarily throughout N New Guinea (see map in Flannery, 1990b:224) but our reidentification of museum specimens and holotypes, along with Menziess revision (1996) reveals otherwise. The form intermedius was originally described as a subspecies of Melomys moncktoni (see Rümmler, 1938), but members of type series from Utakwa River (type locality) in SW Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya) have only one hair per scale (all P. moncktoni have three hairs per scale), as does P. platyops, and their cranial, dental, and other external traits are also characteristic of P. platyops, not P. moncktoni. Geographic variation in body size exists among samples of P. platyops, especially lowland versus highland samples (Menzies, 1996, and our observations) and mainland versus island populations (Flannery, 1995b), and a careful systematic revision of the species is required to assess it... [truncated]	Common Lowland Paramelomys
13001649	Paramelomys rubex	Thomas 1922	SPECIES			rubex		Paramelomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.9 p.263		alleni  (Rümmler, 1935); arfakiensis (Rümmler, 1935); clarus (Rümmler, 1935); pohlei (Rümmler, 1935); rutilus (Rümmler, 1935); shawi (Tate and Archbold, 1935); stresemanni (Rümmler, 1935); tafa (Tate and Archbold, 1935).	New Guinea; montane forests in the Central Cordillera from the Arfak Mtns on the Vogelkop of W Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya) to Mt Dayman at the end of the Owen Stanley Range in E Papua New Guinea; also in the N coastal Torricelli Mtns and Huon Peninsula; altitudinal range, 900-3000 m (specimens we examined; Menzies, 1996; see map in Flannery, 1995a).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Melomys rubex.	The many names applied to P. rubex reflect morphological variation among samples that is concordant with interrupted highland distributions (Menzies, 1996, and our study of specimens in various museums). Menzies (1996) revised the species and earlier (Menzies, 1974) commented on the status of some names associated with P. rubex.	Mountain Paramelomys
13400251	Dasyprocta punctata subsp. columbiana	Bangs 1898	SUBSPECIES		columbiana	punctata		Dasyprocta	Dasyproctidae	Rodentia							
13001654	Paulamys naso	Musser 1981	SPECIES			naso		Paulamys	Muridae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.169 p.112			Recorded only on Flores Isl.	IUCN  Extinct (but see comments).	Originally described from subfossil fragments (Musser, 1981c; Musser et al., 1986), but an extant specimen collected in tropical rainforest at 1600 m from SC Flores was referred to this species by Kitchener et al. (1991a), who suggested it is closely related to Sulawesian Bunomys. Apparently P. naso is not uncommon in forested habitats between 1000 and 2000 m on Gunung Ranaka in West Flores (Kitchener and Yani, 1998; Kitchener et al., 1998).	Paulas Long-nosed Rat
13001655	Pelomys	Peters 1852	GENUS					Pelomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Bericht Verhandl. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.17 p.275	Mus (Pelomys) fallax Peters, 1852.	Komemys De Beaux, 1924.			ArvicanthisDivision. Definition and phylogenetic position of Pelomys need to be reassessed in context of a systematic revision of arvicanthine murines. In overall morphology, the genus is most closely related to Mylomys and Desmomys, which in turn are members of a group also containing species of Arvicanthis, Lemniscomys, and Rhabdomys (Musser, 1987b), an alliance corroborated by mtDNA sequences of cytochrome b and 12S and 16S rRNA gene fragments (Ducroz et al., 2001). The latter study indicated Pelomys to be most closely related to Mylomys (Ducroz et al., 2001) and some authors regard them as congeneric (e. g., Heim de Balsac and Bellier, 1967). Analysis of microcomplement fixation of albumin groups Pelomys with Lemniscomys, Rhabdomys, Grammomys, and Thallomys (Watts and Baverstock, 1995a). Komemys is usually treated as a subgenus fo... [truncated]	
13001656	Pelomys campanae	Huet 1888	SPECIES			campanae		Pelomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Le Naturaliste, ser. 2 vol.10 31 p.143			W Angola (Crawford-Cabral, 1983) and W Dem. Rep. Congo.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	A distinctive species occurring either sympatrically or parapatrically with P. fallax in parts of its range (Crawford-Cabral, 1983).	Angolan Pelomys
13001657	Pelomys fallax	Peters 1852	SPECIES			fallax		Pelomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Bericht Verhandl. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.17 p.275		australis  Roberts, 1913; concolor Heller, 1912; frater Thomas, 1904; insignatus Osgood, 1910; iridescens Heller, 1912; luluae Matschie, 1926; rhodesiae Roberts, 1929; vumbae Roberts, 1946.	Savanna habitats from S Kenya (Hollister, 1919) and SW Uganda (Delany, 1975) through Tanzania (Swynnerton and Hayman, 1951), E and S Dem. Rep. Congo, Angola (Crawford-Cabral, 1998), Zambia (Ansell, 1978), Malawi (Ansell and Dowsett, 1988), and Mozambique (Smithers and Lobao Tello, 1976), to E and NW Zimbabwe (Smithers and Wilson, 1979) and N Botswana (Smithers, 1971).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Appreciable variation in size and fur color exists between samples from Angola and Zambia and those from the rest of the geographic range of P. fallax, suggesting more than one species may be present in this complex. No extant records are from South Africa but the species occurred in KwaZulu-Natal more than 17,000 years before present when the region was covered with deciduous woodland instead of thornveld (Avery, 1991). Southern African Subregion population reviewed by de Graaff (1981, 1997a) and Skinner and Smithers (1990).	East African Pelomys
13001658	Pelomys hopkinsi	Hayman 1955	SPECIES			hopkinsi		Pelomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. vol.52 p.323			Rwanda, Uganda, and SW Kenya (Bekele and Schlitter, 1989).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Morphologically similar to P. isseli, but significant distinguishing traits suggest that hopkinsi and isseli should be viewed as separate species (Bekele and Schlitter, 1989).	Hopkins Pelomys
13001659	Pelomys isseli	de Beaux 1924	SPECIES			isseli		Pelomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova vol.51 p.207			Uganda; endemic to islands of Kome, Bugala, and Bunyama in Lake Victoria (Bekele and Schlitter, 1989; Delany, 1975).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Morphologically closely related to P. hopkinsi.	Lake Victoria Pelomys
13001660	Pelomys minor	Cabrera and Ruxton 1926	SPECIES			minor		Pelomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.17 p.601			NE Angola (Crawford-Cabral, 1998), NW Zambia (Ansell, 1978), S and E Dem. Rep. Congo, and W Tanzania (Swynnerton and Hayman, 1951).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	A distinct species; aspects of its morphology resemble some species of Lemniscomys (e.g., L. griselda).	Least Pelomys
13001668	Pithecheirops otion	Emmons 1993	SPECIES			otion		Pithecheirops	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.106 p.753			Known only from the type locality.		Described from a single juvenile collected in "dense viny roadside secondary brush on an abandoned logging road" in what was primary lowland dipterocarp forest, which still persists "within 600 m and is the dominant vegetation type of the entire surrounding region" (Emmons, 1993b:753). Member of a group of murines endemic to Borneo (see account of Chiropodomys major).	Bornean Pithecheirops
13802419	Myotis formosus subsp. rufopictus	Waterhouse 1845	SUBSPECIES		rufopictus	formosus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13001730	Rattus annandalei	Bonhote 1903	SPECIES			annandalei		Rattus	Muridae	Rodentia	In Annandale, Fasciculi Malayenses, Zool. vol.pt. I p.30		bullatus  (Lyon, 1908); villosus (Lyon, 1908).	Malay Peninsula, Singapore, E Sumatra, and islands of Padang and Rupat off the coast of E Sumatra (see Musser and Newcomb, 1983:515, and references therein).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Rattusspecies group unresolved. A Sundaic endemic; superficially resembles Sundamys muelleri and some species of Rattus in primitive external, cranial, and dental features, but in other specialized traits R. annandalei is unlike any species of Sundamys and may eventually be removed from Rattus (Musser and Newcomb, 1983).	Annandales Sundaic Rat
13001661	Phloeomys	Waterhouse 1839	GENUS					Phloeomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1839 p.108	Mus (Phloeomys) cumingi Waterhouse, 1839.				PhloeomysDivision. Part of the Philippine Old Endemics; phylogenetic relationships relative to genera in other areas of Indo-Australian region unresolved (Musser and Heaney, 1992). Originally included with the Asian Nesokia (in reality, a phylogenetic close relative of Bandicota and Rattus) in the Phloeomyinae by Alston (1976) because of their similar laminar molar occulusal patterns, but listed as the only genus in that subfamily by Thomas (1896). Considered a member of Phloeomyinae by Tate (1936) and Simpson (1945), along with Chiropodomys, Coryphomys, Crateromys, Lenomys, Mallomys, and Pogonomys, but except for Crateromys, no data supports such an allocation (Ellerman, 1949a; our research). Phylogenetic analyses of complete mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences for 13 of the 16 genera of endemic Philippine murines join Phloeomys, Crateromys, and Batomys in a clade separate from ot... [truncated]	
13001662	Phloeomys cumingi	Waterhouse 1839	SPECIES			cumingi		Phloeomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1839 p.108		albayensis (Elera, 1895) [nomen nudum according to Ellerman, 1941:293]; elegans (Cabrera, 1901).	Greater Luzon Faunal Region on S Luzon, Marinduque, and Catanduanes Isls (Heaney et al., 1991, 1998; Musser and Heaney, 1992; Oliver et al., 1993).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Sometimes considered conspecific with P. pallidus, but P. cumingi is a distinct species (Corbet and Hill, 1992; Musser and Heaney, 1992; Thomas, 1898b). Standard karyotype (2n = 44, FN = 66) reported by Rickart and Musser (1993), G-banding pattern described by Rickart and Heaney (2002). Elevational and ecological summary for S Luzon population provided by Heaney et al. (1999).	Southern Luzon Phloeomys
13001663	Phloeomys pallidus	Nehring 1890	SPECIES			pallidus		Phloeomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin p.106			Greater Luzon Faunal Region. Endemic to N and C Luzon; widespread in primary and secondary tropical forests from sea level to at least 2000 m (see Oliver et al. [1993] and Heaney et al. [1998], and references cited therein).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Standard karyotype (2n = 40, FN = 60) described by Jotterand-Bellomo and Schauenberg, 1988, as P. cumingi); a minimum of two Robertsonian and three non-Robertsonian events separate karyotypes of the two Phloeomys (Rickart and Musser, 1993). This species is becoming common in zoos.	Northern Luzon Phloeomys
13001664	Pithecheir	Lesson 1840	GENUS					Pithecheir	Muridae	Rodentia	Species des Mammifères p.264	Pithecheir melanurus Lesson, 1840.	Pithechir Müller, 1840 [nomen nudum; see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951, and Corbet and Hill, 1992].			<p>PithecheirDivision. The name is often attributed to Cuvier 1833 (e.g., Ellerman, 1941; Musser and Carleton, 1993), "which was a vernacular description of Pithecheir melanure and has no validity" (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1955:39). Reviewed by Emmons (1993b) in context of describing Bornean Pithecheirops. Pithecheir is an endemic of the Sunda Shelf. Musser and Newcomb (1983) suggested on the basis of cranial and dental traits that Pithecheir is distantly related to Lenothrix, which is supported by molar occlusal patterns (Misonne, 1969) but unsupported by chromosomal data (Yong et al., 1982) and spermatozoal morphology (Breed and Yong, 1986). Chaimanees (1998) cladistic analysis of molar traits, however, placed Pithecheir, Lenothrix, and Vandeleuria in the same clade and speculated that it, along with the Palearctic Micromys, may have been the earliest evolutionary cluster to have diverged from the main muri... [truncated]	
13001665	Pithecheir melanurus	Lesson 1840	SPECIES			melanurus		Pithecheir	Muridae	Rodentia	Species des Mammifères p.265		melanurus  Müller, 1840 [nomen nudum; see Corbet and Hill, 1992].	Java only (see Musser, 1982d:76).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Represented by few specimens collected before World War II. Bartels (1937) observations on habitat and habits remain the most complete report of this Javan endemic, which is a member of the suite of murine rodents unique to Java (Musser, 1986; see account of Kadarsanomys sodyi).	Javan Pithecheir
13001666	Pithecheir parvus	Kloss 1916	SPECIES			parvus		Pithecheir	Muridae	Rodentia	J. Fed. Malay St. Mus. vol.6 p.250			Malay Peninsula (Pahang and Selangor).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Originally described as a subspecies of P. melanurus, but parvus is a distinctive species endemic to Malay Peninsula (Musser and Newcomb, 1983; Muul and Lim, 1971). Karyotype has same diploid number as Hapalomys longicaudus, but is uninformative about inferring phylogenetic relationships (Yong, et al., 1982). Spermatozoal morphology very distinctive (no apical hook), unlike that of any other Sundaic endemic (Breed and Yong, 1986), and resembling sperm of Sulawesian Lenomys and Eropeplus (Breed and Musser, 1991). Joins Maxomys inas and Niviventer cameroni in being the only recorded endemic murines on the Malay Peninsula south of the Isthmus of Kra (Musser, 1986; see account of Niviventer cameroni). Distribution of P. parvus has been restricted to south of the Isthmus of Kra since early Pleistocene. Isolated molars identified as this species have been recovered from early and middle Pleistocene cave sediments in penins... [truncated]	Malay Peninsula Pithecheir
13001667	Pithecheirops	Emmons 1993	GENUS					Pithecheirops	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.106 p.752	Pithecheirops otion Emmons, 1993.				PithecheirDivision. Closely related to Pithecheir and morphologically similar to species in that genus except for small details of molar occlusal patterns, and its much smaller and uninflated bullae, all of which were noted in the original description and comparisons. The contrasting middle ear features not clearly emphasized are: blade of manubium nearly parallel in Pithecheirops (perpendicular in Pithecheir), orbicularis apophysis present (absent in Pithecheir), pars flaccida present (absent in Pithecheir), and as a consequence of the latter, the posterodorsal rim of ectotympanic is incomplete (complete in Pithecheir). These states in Pithecheirops are likely plesiomorphic relative to those in Pithecheir, which agrees with the difference in extent of bullar inflation between the two. Whether these comparisons contrast a more ancestral species with derived ones within a monophyletic group (single genus), or whether Pith... [truncated]	
13001669	Pogonomelomys	Rümmler 1936	GENUS					Pogonomelomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Z. Säugetierk. vol.11 p.248	Melomys mayeri Rothschild and Dollman, 1932.				PogonomysDivision. Member of the New Guinea Old Endemics (Musser, 1981c). Revised by Menzies (1990). Originally described as a subgenus of Melomys, but now regarded as a distinct genus (Laurie and Hill, 1954; Menzies, 1990; Tate, 1951). Its phylogenetic relationships to Melomys and other related genera in the Uromys cluster still require resolution by multi-trait morphological and molecular inquiries. Our examination of skins and skulls, however, suggests Pogonomelomys is not closely related to any member in the Uromys Division. Spermatozoal morphology is also unlike that of Uromys and most of its allies (Musser and Breed, ms), but resembles that of some of the genera we list in our Pogonomys Division (Breed and Aplin, 1994; Musser and Breed, ms), where we provisionally place Pogonomelomys. Aplin et al. (1999) reported on material of a likely undescribed species of Pogonomelomys from Holocene archaeological si... [truncated]	
13001670	Pogonomelomys bruijni	Peters and Doria 1876	SPECIES			bruijni		Pogonomelomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova vol.8 p.336		brassi Tate and Archbold, 1941.	New Guinea; known only by 11 specimens from type locality and Vogelkop mainland in Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya); lower Fly River, and low altitudes on Mt Bosavi and Mt Sisa in Papua New Guinea; not recorded higher than about 60 m (Menzies, 1990; Flannery, 1995a:312).	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	The lowland, larger-bodied morphological and phylogenetic counterpart of the highland P. mayeri. Aplin et al. (1999) reported material of this species from late Pleistocene to mid-Holocene archaeological sites on the Ayamaru Plateau, central Birds Head Peninsula of Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya).	Bruijns Pogonomelomys
13001671	Pogonomelomys mayeri	Rothschild and Dollman 1932	SPECIES			mayeri		Pogonomelomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1932 353 p.14			New Guinea; mountains from Weyland Range in Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya) to Wau region and Huon Peninsula in Morobe Province of Papua New Guinea; not known from the Vogelkop in Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya) or the Owen Stanley Range in E Papua New Guinea; 400-1500 m.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Phallic morphology described by Lidicker (1968). Specimens of P. mayeri and P. bruijni were collected on Mt Sisa in the Kikori River Basin of S Papua New Guinea (Leary and Seri, 1997), but altitudinal relationships between the two there have not been published.	Shaw Mayers Pogonomelomys
13001672	Pogonomys	Milne-Edwards 1877	GENUS					Pogonomys	Muridae	Rodentia	C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris vol.85 p.1081	Mus (Pogonomys) macrourus Milne-Edwards, 1877.				<p>PogonomysDivision. Member of the New Guinea and Australian Old Endemics (Musser, 1981c). Analysis of immunological distances by Watts and Baverstock (1994a) indicated Pogonomys to be related to Chiruromys, Anisomys, Coccymys, Hyomys, and possibly Mallomys. Tates (1936) inclusion of Pogonomys (with Chiruromys as a subgenus) in the Phloeomyinae along with Chiropodomys, Crateromys, Lenomys, Mallomys, and Phloeomys (followed by Simpson, 1945) has no merit except for the link with Mallomys (Ellerman, 1949a; our research). A chromosomal and morphometric study, which separated species of Pogonomys from those of Chiruromys, was offered by Dennis and Menzies (1979). Additional chromosomal data reported by Donnellan (1987). Pogonomys fergussoniensis is endemic to the DEntrecasteaux Isls; all other species are recorded only from mainland lo... [truncated]	
13001673	Pogonomys championi	Flannery 1988	SPECIES			championi		Pogonomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Rec. Aust. Mus. vol.40 p.333			Papua New Guinea; known only from Telefomin and Tifalmin valleys between 1400 and 2300 m (Flannery, 1988).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Apparently ecologically replaces the smaller-bodied P. sylvestris, but is morphologically similar to P. macrourus (Musser and Lunde, ms.).	Champions Pogonomys
13001674	Pogonomys fergussoniensis	Laurie 1952	SPECIES			fergussoniensis		Pogonomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Bull. British Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Zool. vol.1 p.299			Recorded (only by five specimens) from Fergusson Isl (holotype and paratype, Laurie, 1952:299, and AMNH 157601), Goodenough Isl (AMNH 157613), and Normanby Isl (AM M20309, Flannery, 1995b) in the DEntrecasteaux group off the NE end of Papua New Guinea.		Recognized as a species in Laurie and Hills (1954) checklist, but treated as a distinct subspecies of P. loriae by Dennis and Menzies (1979) in their morphometric revision of Pogonomys and Chiruromys, and finally included in P. loriae (Flannery, 1990b, 1995a; Musser and Carleton, 1993). Flannery (1995b:149) listed it under P. loriae in his account of the Pogonomys on the DEntrecasteaux Isls, but noted that "fergussoniensis is very distinctive, being very large and having a reddish rather than grey dorsum. I suspect that further studies will reveal it to represent a distinct species." Pogonomys fergussoniensis can be distinguished from all samples of P. loriae by its significantly larger body and skull size (see measurements in Dennis and Menzies, 1979:320), brownish red upperparts, buffy gray underparts, and sleek fur (dark brownish gray dorsal coat that is thick and woolly and white underparts in ... [truncated]	DEntrecasteaux Archipelago Pogonomys
13001724	Pseudomys patrius	Thomas and Dollman 1909	SPECIES			patrius		Pseudomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1908 p.791			Australia; coastal region of NE Queensland, along the Gread Dividing Range from near Townsville to Kilkivan (Van Dyck, 1997).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Treated as a distinct species by Fox and Briscoe (1980) and Mahoney and Richardson (1988:179), but earlier judged by Mahoney to be a synonym of P. delicatulus (Kitchener, 1985:218), where it was placed by Watts and Aslin (1981) and Braithwaite and Covacevich (1995). Recently patrius was returned to the status of a species (Van Dyck, 1997), an action reinforced by Breeds (2000) study of sperm head morphology: "P. patrius. . . has a sperm head morphology that differs markedly in its structural organisation from the spermatozoon of all P. delicatulus so far examined."	Eastern Pebble-mound Pseudomys
13001675	Pogonomys loriae	Thomas 1897	SPECIES			loriae		Pogonomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova vol.18 p.613		dryas Thomas, 1904.	New Guinea; Recorded only from the Vogelkop and Weyland Range in Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya), but widespread in Papua New Guinea from the Telefomin area in the west through the Central Cordillera to the E flanks of the Owen Stanley Range in the east; also found in the N coastal Torricelli Mtns, the Huon Peninsula and the upper Fly River drainage; 100-3000 m (Flannery, 1995a and Dennis and Menzies, 1979:328).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Until the revision by Dennis and Menzies (1979), this species was known as P. mollipilosus (Tate, 1951), but the holotype of that taxon is a P. macrourus (see account of that species). Dennis and Menzies (1979) also included fergussoniensis from the DEntrecasteaux Isls, which we separate as a distinct species (see that account). Pogonomys loriae has traditionally been considered to be montane, occurring "generally over 1500 m," (Dennis and Menzies, 1979:330), which is generally accurate but there are interesting exceptions. Five specimens listed by Tate (1951) from the upper Fly River near the foothills of the Central Cordillera were collected at about 100 m, which is the lowest record of the species. Flannery (1995a:316) noted that "In northern New Guinea it is restricted to a narrow elevational band of between approximately 200 and 800 metres. Above this, it is replaced by Pogonomys macrourus." This is unusual because elsewhere P. macrourus ... [truncated]	Lorias Pogonomys
13001676	Pogonomys macrourus	Milne-Edwards 1877	SPECIES			macrourus		Pogonomys	Muridae	Rodentia	C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris vol.85 p.1081		derimapa  Tate and Archbold, 1935; huon Tate and Archbold, 1935; lepidus Thomas, 1897; mollipilosus (Peters and Doria, 1881).	New Guinea; throughout lowland and midmontane forests from sea level to 1800 m (Flannery, 1995a:319); also recorded from Yapen and New Britain (Rümmler, 1938; Flannery, 1995b); represented in the Trans-fly region (near Daru) only by the holotype of mollipilosus.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Phallic morphology described by Lidicker (1968). There is appreciable geographic variation in cranial and dental dimensions and proportions among samples of P. macrourus (Musser and Lunde, ms) and its significance should be assessed in a fresh taxonomic revision of the species. The holotype of mollipilosus is a young adult that Tate (1951:280), who examined it, associated with the holotypes of loriae and dryas, although he had "some doubt of the absolute identity of these with mollipilosus." However, Dennis and Menzies (1979) and Flannery (in litt.), who also studied the holotype, thought it an example of P. macrourus, the New Guinea species with reddish brown upperparts and smaller body size and shorter tail length than P. loriae (which has dark brownish gray upperparts tinged with buff and white underparts). Tate wrote that the dorsal coat of the holotype is reddish brown and the ventral coat creamy white; the color is typical of P.... [truncated]	Chestnut Pogonomys
13001677	Pogonomys sylvestris	Thomas 1920	SPECIES			sylvestris		Pogonomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.6 p.534			New Guinea; in Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya) known only from the Arfak Mountains in the Vogelkop region, but widespread in mountainous Papua New Guinea, from about the Mendi region east through the mountains (including those on the Huon Peninsula) to the western margin of the Owen Stanley Range at elevations between 1300 and 2800 m. It has not been taken on the N coastal ranges and is conspicuously absent from the mountain valleys in the Telefomin area of S Sandaun Province in W Papua (where P. championi occurs), and from the Snow Mountains (Pegunungan Maoke) in Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya), which is occupied by an undescribed species related to P. sylvestris (Musser and Lunde, ms.).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	This is the smallest in body size of any species of Pogonomys. The few localities from the Central Cordillera in Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya) attributed to P. sylvestris (Flannery, 1995a, for example) represent an undescribed species (Musser and Lunde, ms.), and P. sylvestris is apparently replaced in the Telefomin area by P. championi (Flannery, 1988). Cole et al. (1997) reported that P. sylvestris is common in the Mt Dayman region at the eastern margin of the Owen Stanley Range.	Gray-bellied Pogonomys
13001678	Praomys	Thomas 1915	GENUS					Praomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.15 p.4	Epimys tullbergi Thomas, 1894.	Berberomys Jaeger, 1975.			<p>StenocephalemysDivision. Myomyscus (or Myomys), Mastomys, and Hylomyscus have been united with Praomys as subgenera (D. H. S. Davis, 1965; Misonne, 1974), but are treated as separate genera here and by other workers such as Rosevear (1969), who also reviewed the taxonomic history of some species in Praomys as well as its generic status relative to the other genera allied with it. Cladistic analyses of morphological variation has also supported the monophyly of Mastomys, Myomyscus, and Hylomyscus relative to Praomys, but also revealed that the latter is paraphyletic, consisting of a monophyletic P. tullbergi group that is separate from the other Praomys sampled (members of the P. jacksoni and P. delectorum clusters), which may have to be contained in a separate genus (Lecompte et al., 2002a). This pattern has been confirmed by analyses of complete mtDNA cytochrome b ... [truncated]	
13001696	Protochromys fellowsi	Hinton 1943	SPECIES			fellowsi		Protochromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 11 vol.10 p.554			Papua New Guinea; known only from a few places at high elevations (usually above 2000 m) in the Central Cordillera, from the Porgera area in the west (143EE) eastward to Mt Wilhelm in the Bismarck Range in the east (see Flannery, 1995a:292); may range farther west and east in Papua New Guinea (Menzies, 1996).	IUCN  Vulnerable as Melomys fellowsi.	Originally described as a very distinctive species of Melomys that resembles M. rufescens and M. leucogaster in some morphometric features (Menzies, 1990). Its inclusion in Melomys has always been questioned by systematists familiar with the group. Recently, Menzies (1996) demonstrated that while fellowsi shared traits with both Melomys and Paramelomys, it should be separated from both groups of species because of its pale (unpigmented to pale yellow) incisors, narrow zygomatic plate, and alisphenoid strut. Its separation as a different monophyletic entity will have to be tested by phylogenetic analyses of the Melomys-Paramelomys complex that also incorporate molecular data and a broader array of morphological traits.	Papuan Protochromys
13001679	Praomys daltoni	Thomas 1892	SPECIES			daltoni		Praomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.10 p.181		butleri (Wroughton, 1907); ingoldbyi (Ellerman, 1941); saturatus (Ingoldby, 1929) [not Lyon, 1911]; tuareg (Braestrup, 1935).	Sudanian and Sahelian zones (see Dobigny et al. 2002b:500) from Gambia and Senegal through Guinea (Ziegler et al., 2002), Sierra Leone, N Côte dIvoire, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, S Chad and Central African Republic to SW Sudan; E limits unresolved.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Myomys daltoni.	Reviewed by Rosevear (1969) and Van der Straeten and Verheyen (1978b). Although its geographic range allopatrically complements the distribution of Myomyscus brockmani, P. daltoni is not conspecific with that E African species, a conclusion based on our study of specimens and analyses of morphological (Lecompte et al., 2001a) and molecular (Lecompte et al., 2002b) data. DNA/DNA hybridization results clustered daltoni with species of Praomys (Chevret et al., 1994) as did phylogenetic analyses of morphometric traits (Van der Straeten, 1979), complete mtDNA cytochrome b sequences (Lecompte et al., 2002b), and nuclear IRBP gene data (E. Lecompte, in litt., 2002); however, partial 16S rRNA mitochondrial sequences pointed to daltoni as sister group to species of Stenocephalemys. Van der Straeten (in litt., 1994) regarded derooi and daltoni to be closely related to Praomys tullbe... [truncated]	Daltons Praomys
13001680	Praomys degraaffi	Van der Straeten and Kerbis Peterhans 1999	SPECIES			degraaffi		Praomys	Muridae	Rodentia	S. Afr. J. Zool. vol.34 p.81			Recorded only from moist montane forest covering the Albertine Rift Mtns in Burundi, Rwanda and Uganda (Van der Straeten and Kerbis Peterhans, 1999, who also indicated the species to be "restricted" to high forested elevations in the Albertine Rift).	IUCN  Near Threatened.	A distinct and one of the more easily identified species in the P. jacksoni complex; distinguished from P. jacksoni by a suite of chromosomal traits (2n = 26, FN = 24), fur coloration, morphometric data, and number of teats. Where the altitudinal ranges of P. degraaffi and P. jacksoni narrowly overlap, the former is usually found at higher elevations.	De Graaffs Praomys
13001681	Praomys delectorum	Thomas 1910	SPECIES			delectorum		Praomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.6 p.430		melanotus  G. M. Allen and Loveridge, 1933; octomastis Hatt, 1940; taitae (Heller, 1912).	High plateaus and isolated mountains from NE Zambia (Nyika Plateau, Makutus, and Mafingas; Ansell, 1978) and Malawi (Nyika Plateau; Ansell and Dowsett, 1988), through Tanzania (Swynnerton and Hayman, 1951) to SE Kenya (Hollister, 1919).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Of the synonyms belonging here, taitae was described as a species (Heller, 1912) and recognized as such by Hollister (1919) and Swynnerton and Hayman (1951), melanotus was described as a form of P. tullbergi (G. M. Allen and Loveridge, 1933), and octomastis was presented as a subspecies of P. jacksoni (Hatt, 1940b). Demeter and Hutterer (1986) suggested that taitae is synonymous with Hylomyscus denniae, but it is not, judging from our study of specimens and relevant holotypes. Van der Straeten and Kerbis Peterhans (1999) recognized melanotus, octomastis, and taitae as valid species in the P. delectorum complex, but presented no substantiating evidence defining their morphological and distributional limits. A sample of taitae had 2n = 48 (Matthey, 1965a). Distribution in the Eastern Arc Mtns of Tanzania discussed by Stanley et al. (1998) and on slopes of Mt Kilimanjaro ... [truncated]	East African Praomys
13001682	Praomys derooi	Van der Straeten and Verheyen 1978	SPECIES			derooi		Praomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Z. Säugetierk. vol.43 p.33			Known only from E and S Ghana, Togo, Benin, and W Nigeria (see Van der Straeten and Verheyen, 1978b).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Myomys derooi.	Part of the murine fauna endemic to West Africa (see account of Grammomys buntingi). Described as a savanna species found living in and around human dwellings. Grubb et al. (1998) reviewed the Ghana population, and Decher et al. (1997) recorded two animals from the Accra Plains region in SE Ghana, one caught in a house, the other near a house. Phylogenetic relationships of this species are with P. daltoni; the two are closely similar in pelage coloration and texture (except that underparts are gray in most derooi and white in most daltoni, but we have seen series of USNM P. daltoni ranging from gray to white), external, cranial, and dental morphology (our observations), habitat (see account of P. daltoni), and variation in mtDNA cytochrome b sequences (Lecompte et al., 2002b) and nuclear IRBP gene sequences (E. Lecompte, in litt., 2002). The morphological and molecular resemblances are so close we suspect the samples of derooi<... [truncated]	Deroos Praomys
13001683	Praomys hartwigi	Eisentraut 1968	SPECIES			hartwigi		Praomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Bonn. Zool. Beitr. vol.19 p.11-Aug			Recorded only in isolated mountain forests along the mountain chain on the Bamenda Plateau in W Cameroon (Mt Bambuto, Mt Lefo and Mt Oku; Hutterer et al., 1992a; Van der Straeten, in litt., 1994).	IUCN  Endangered.	Lecompte et al. (1999) regarded P. hartwigi as a member of the P. tullbergi complex, which has been confirmed by phylogenetic analyses of morphological traits (Lecompte et al., 2002a) and complete mtDNA cytochrome b sequences (Lecompte et al., 2002b). Fülling (1992) contrasted morphology of palatal ridges between samples of P. hartwigi (2 + 7 = 9) and P. jacksoni (2 + 5 = 7) collected from slopes of Mt Oku. Morphologically and phylogenetically allied to P. obscurus (see that account), which is separated from P. hartwigi by about 100 km in the Gotel Mtns on the Mambilla Plateau to the northeast of the Bamenda Plateau (Hutterer et al., 1992a).	Hartwigs Praomys
13001804	Solomys salamonis	Ramsay 1883	SPECIES			salamonis		Solomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. vol.7 p.43			Recorded only from Florida Isl in the Solomon Arch. (Flannery and Wickler, 1990).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Originally described as a Mus, the species was transferred to Uromys (Rümmler, 1938; Tate, 1951), but then correctly placed in Solomys by Troughton (1936). Holotype of S. salamonis is an adult male and was originally preserved in alcohol with the skull extracted, but the body has been lost and only the skull now represents the species (Flannery, 1995b).	Florida Island Solomys
13001684	Praomys jacksoni	de Winton 1897	SPECIES			jacksoni		Praomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.20 p.318		montis  (Thomas and Wroughton, 1910); peromyscus (Hollister, 1919); sudanensis Setzer, 1956; viator (Thomas, 1911).	C Nigeria through Cameroon and Central African Republic to S Sudan, Dem. Rep. Congo, NE Angola (Crawford-Cabral, 1998), Uganda, Rwanda, Kenya, and southward through E Tanzania to N and E Zambia; the most expansive geographic range of any species in Praomys (Lecompte et al., 2001).	IUCN  Data Deficient as P. jacksoni, P. montis, and P. peromyscus.	<p>2n = 28, FN = 30 (Matthey, 1959). At one time listed as a subspecies of P. tullbergi (e.g., Hollister, 1919), jacksoni is a distinct species occurring sympatrically with P. tullbergi (G. M. Allen, 1939; Ansell, 1978; Van der Straeten and Dieterlen, 1987; Van der Straeten and Dudu, 1990; Lecompte et al., 2001). The problem of identifying the holotype of P. jacksoni, as well as current names associated with the species, was reviewed and discussed by Van der Straeten and Dieterlen (1987), Van der Straeten and Dudu (1990), and Van der Straeten and Kerbis Peterhans (1999). Van der Straeten and Dudu (1990) regarded montis and peromyscus as valid species and Van der Straeten and Kerbis Peterhans (1999) claimed that montis, peromyscus, sudanensis, and viator, all names that we place in synonymy, are separate species. The canonical analyses presented by those authors, however, employing series representing th... [truncated]	Jacksons Praomys
13001685	Praomys lukolelae	Hatt 1934	SPECIES			lukolelae		Praomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.708 p.13			N Dem. Rep. Congo; recorded from the type locality and Kisangani region in Orientale (specimens in UCA).	IUCN  Near Threatened as Malacomys lukolelae.	<p>F. Petter (1975c) and Chevret et al. (1994) recorded P. lukolelae from the Central African Republic, but the specimens we have seen from that series represent an undescribed species of Praomys in the P. tullbergi group (see also Lecompte et al., 2001, 2002a, b) that has now been described as P. petteri (see that account). Up to 1990, P. lukolelae was represented only by the three specimens in the type series (Van der Straeten and Dudu, 1990), but we have examined 90 specimens from the Kisangani region that are morphologically closely similar to the three examples from Lukolela. Hatt (1934b) described lukolelae as a subspecies of Praomys tullbergi, but its long and very slim hind feet, tip of short fifth digit extending only to base of digital pad of fourth digit, very large ears, cranial conformation, and molar dental patterns identify the specimens as a separate species. Citing those same traits, Musser an... [truncated]	Lukolela Praomys
13001686	Praomys minor	Hatt 1934	SPECIES			minor		Praomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.708 p.11			Recorded only from the type locality.	IUCN  Vulnerable	Still only known by the three specimens in Hatts sample. Originally described as a subspecies of P. jacksoni (Hatt, 1934b), and then treated as a subspecies of P. tullbergi (F. Petter, 1975c), minor is a distinct species in the P. jacksoni complex (Van der Straeten and Dieterlen, 1987; Van der Straeten and Dudu, 1990; Van der Straeten and Kerbis Peterhans, 1999).	Least Praomys
13001687	Praomys misonnei	Van der Straeten and Dieterlen 1987	SPECIES			misonnei		Praomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Stuttg. Beitr. Naturk. ser. A vol.402 p.3			N and E Dem. Rep. Congo.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Sympatric with P. jacksoni at the type locality and with P. jacksoni and P. mutoni in Orientale (Van der Straeten and Dudu, 1990). Regarded as related to P. tullbergi by Van der Straeten and Dieterlen (1987; Van der Straeten and Dudu, 1990; Dudu et al., 1997). Examples of misonnei we examined from the Ituri Forest in E Dem. Rep. Congo and Gamangui in the Orientale Province, where P. jacksoni was also trapped, are morphologically very similar to P. tullbergi; the possibility that misonnei simply represents populations of P. tullbergi at the eastern margins of its geographic range needs to be considered in any systematic revision of the complex. They are very closely associated in phylogenetic analyses of morphological traits (Lecompte et al., 2002a) and complete mtDNA cytochrome b sequences (Lecompte et a., 2002b). Qumsiyeh et al. (1990) identified Kenyan ... [truncated]	Misonnes Praomys
13001688	Praomys morio	Trouessart 1881	SPECIES			morio		Praomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Bull. Soc. Etudes Sci. Angers vol.10 p.121		maura  (Gray, 1862) [not Waterhouse, 1839].	Mt Cameroon and the mountainous island of Bioko (Equatorial Guinea), essentially the distribution outlined by Eisentraut (1970).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	2n = 34 (Matthey, 1965a). A member of the P. tullbergi complex. Musser and Carleton (1993) restricted P. morio to Mt Cameroon, although Eisentraut (1970) recorded it from the island of Bioko, and F. Petter (1965) discussed samples from the Central African Republic. Musser and Carleton also noted that "The species requires definition; alleged distinctions between it and P. tullbergi may not reflect specific differences (Hutterer, in litt.). Our study revealed that series from outside of Mt Cameroon identified as morio are either tullbergi or an undescribed species of Praomys (the series from Central African Republic, for example [see P. petteri below])." Van der Straeten (in litt., 1994) wrote us that "The morphological differences between morio and tullbergi are clear and were described in detail by Eisentraut. I obtained the same results using all Praomys specimens collected by Eisentraut in Bioko and ... [truncated]	Cameroon Praomys
13001689	Praomys mutoni	Van der Straeten and Dudu 1990	SPECIES			mutoni		Praomys	Muridae	Rodentia	In Peters and Hutterer (eds.), Vertebrates in the tropics, Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn p.75			Recorded only from the type locality.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	A tropical evergeen riverine forest species morphologically related to P. jacksoni and occurring sympatrically with it (Van der Straeten and Dudu, 1990). Dudu et al. (1997) documented data covering reproductive biology for this distinctive species. Mutoni is a Swahili word for riverbank or wet area (mto or muto = river), and refers to the typical biotype where the specimens were trapped (Van der Straeten and Dudu, 1990).	Riverine Praomys
14000129	Leopardus wiedii subsp. vigens	Thomas 1904	SUBSPECIES		vigens	wiedii		Leopardus	Felidae	Carnivora							
13001690	Praomys obscurus	Hutterer and Dieterlen 1992	SPECIES			obscurus		Praomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Bonn. Zool. Beitr. vol.43 p.402			Recorded only from fern-grassland, swamp and gallery forest, and along forest streams at the type locality and nearby Chappal Waddi.	IUCN  Endangered.	Hutterer et al. (1992a) described obscurus as a subspecies of P. hartwigi. Those authors were also impressed with the morphological distinctions between typical P. hartwigi from Mt. Oku and obscurus from the Gotel Mtns and were unsure whether to treat the latter as a subspecies of P. hartwigi (Dieterlens opinion) or a separate species (Hutterers view). We treat obscurus as a separate species because contrasted with P. hartwigi it has much darker pelage, larger body measurements, but significantly smaller cranial and dental measurements (Hutterer et al., 1992a); this proposal was recently advocated by Hutterer (in litt., 2003). Praomys obscurus is morphologically and phylogenetically most closely related to P. hartwigi (see that account), which occurs in mountain forest on the Bamenda Plateau to the southwest of the Gotel Mtns; both species are members of the P. tullbergi complex (Hutterer et al., 1992... [truncated]	Gotel Mountain Praomys
13001691	Praomys petteri	Van der Straeten, Lecompte, and Denys 2003	SPECIES			petteri		Praomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Bonn. zool. Beitr. vol.50 p.333			Tropical lowland rainforest in S Cameroon, S Central African Republic, and S Republic of Congo.		One of the largest-bodied species of Praomys in the P. tullbergi group. Populations formerly included in P. morio (F. Petter, 1965; Matthey, 1965), P. lukolelae (F. Petter, 1975; Genest-Villard, 1980; Granjon, 1991; Chevret et al., 1994), or considered distinct but unnamed (Musser and Carleton, 1993). Phylogenetic affinities discussed by Van der Straeten et al. (2003), who compared P. petteri with samples of P. rostratus, P. misonnei, P. verschureni, and P. lukolelae. Locally sympatric with either P. tullbergi or P. jacksoni in Republic of Congo (Granjon, 1991).	Petters Praomys
13001692	Praomys rostratus	Miller 1900	SPECIES			rostratus		Praomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. vol.2 p.637			Recorded only from forest in Liberia, C Guinea (Ziegler et al., 2002), Mt Nimba region of Guinea, and Côte dIvoire; limits unresolved.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	2n = 34 (Gautun et al., 1986). Member of the P. tullbergi complex. Originally described as a subspecies of tullbergi, but Van der Straeten and Verheyen (1981) distinguished rostratus from tullbergi by its greater body size, noted that both kinds were sympatric, and raised rostratus to specific rank. A similar distribution of body sizes, as well as different ecologies, were claimed by Gautun et al. (1986) from Mt Nimba, and they also separated their samples into either P. tullbergi or P. rostratus. However, the existence of a larger-bodied species in W Africa related to P. tullbergi requires verification because published data separating the two is not convincing according to L. Granjon (in litt., 2002): "The text by Gautun et al. (1986) is not clear, and in Mali we now have a good sample of 2n = 34 (all acrocentric autosomes) Praomys from various localities with measurements covering the entire range of the tw... [truncated]	West African Praomys
13001693	Praomys tullbergi	Thomas 1894	SPECIES			tullbergi		Praomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.13 p.205		burtoni  (Thomas, 1892) [not Ramsay, 1887].	Forest and Guinea woodland from Gambia River in the west through Cameroon to N and E Dem. Rep. Congo; Bioko (Equatorial Guinea); also NW Angola (Crawford-Cabral, 1998; specimens in FMNH) and Kakamega Forest Reserve in NW Kenya (specimen in USNM); limits unknown.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Rosevear (1969), Van der Straeten and Verheyen (1981), and more recent reports cited in the above species accounts. Morphologically closely related to P. misonnei, P. morio, and P. rostratus. Grubb et al. (1998) reviewed populations in the Gambia, Sierra Leone, and Ghana. Ecological information recorded for population on Accra Plains of S Ghana by Decher and Bahian (1999). A karyotype of 2n = 34 (all acrocentric autosomes) was recorded by Granjon et al. (1992) from Senegal, which is similar to karyotypes obtained from samples collected in Côte dIvoire and Central African Republic (Matthey, 1958). Additional comments on Senegal distribution given by Duplantier and Granjon (1992). Barnett et al. (1996) documented its occurrence on the Kounounkan Massif in SW Guinea. See account of P. rostratus.	Tullbergs Praomys
13001694	Praomys verschureni	Verheyen and Van der Straeten 1977	SPECIES			verschureni		Praomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Rev. Zool. Afr. vol.91 p.739			Known only from NE Dem. Rep. Congo (eastern edge of Central African high forest block).	IUCN  Near Threatened as Malacomys verschureni.	Described as a species of Malacomys and all published information referenced under that taxonomic combination. Original description was based on one specimen (Verheyen and Van der Straeten, 1977), and the species is still represented by very few examples (Dieterlen and Van der Straeten, 1984; Robbins and Van der Straeten, 1982). Chromosomal information reported by Robbins and Van der Straeten (1982). Analyses of complete mtDNA cytochrome b sequences placed P. verschureni near Myomyscus yemeni and not species of Praomys (Lecompte et al., 2002b), but nuclear IRBP gene sequences alligned it with species of Praomys (E. Lecompte, in litt., 2002). See account of P. lukolelae.	Verschurens Praomys
13001695	Protochromys	Menzies 1996	GENUS					Protochromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Aust. J. Zool. vol.44 p.416	Melomys fellowsi Hinton, 1943.				UromysDivision. Member of the New Guinea Old Endemics that is morphologically and morphometrically closely related to Melomys and Paramelomys (Menzies, 1996).	
13001805	Solomys salebrosus	Troughton 1936	SPECIES			salebrosus		Solomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Rec. Aust. Mus. vol.19 p.436			Recorded from the islands of Buka, Bougainville, and Choiseul in Solomon Arch.; sample from Buka Isl represented only by fossils (Flannery, 1995b).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Known by extant specimens and archaeological fragments (Flannery and Wickler, 1990). Reviewed by Flannery (1995b).	Bougainville Island Solomys
13800336	Pteropus melanotus subsp. tytleri	Dobson 1874	SUBSPECIES		tytleri	melanotus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						melanotus species group.	
13001697	Pseudohydromys	Rümmler 1934	GENUS					Pseudohydromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Z. Säugetierk. vol.9 p.47	Pseudohydromys murinus Rümmler, 1934.	Mayermys  Laurie and Hill, 1954; Neohydromys Laurie, 1952.			XeromysDivision. Member of the New Guinea Old Endemics (Musser, 1981c). Species of Pseudohydromys, Neohydromys, and Mayermys are all terrestrial, primarily insectivorous, small-bodied shrew mice living in mountain forests of New Guinea. They share dense, velvety fur, generally similar cranial conformation (see photographs in Laurie and Hill [1954] and Flannery [1995a:plates 22-23]), spacious postglenoid and middle lacerate foramina, derived configuration of cephalic arterial pattern (Musser and Heaney, 1992), loss of third molars (Pseudohydromys, Neohydromys) or second and third molars (Mayermys), dentary shape and degree of penetration of incisor alveolus, extent of enamel relative to dentine on upper and lower incisors, similar phallic morphology (Lidicker, 1968) and spermatozoal structure (Breed and Aplin, 1994), and no divergence in immunological distance (albumins indistinguishable among the three as assessed by microc... [truncated]	
13001698	Pseudohydromys ellermani	Laurie and Hill 1954	SPECIES			ellermani		Pseudohydromys	Muridae	Rodentia	List of Land Mammals of New Guinea, Celebes and Adjacent Islands, 1952 [check this  is this listed as pub date?] p.134			New Guinea: known from montane forest localities scattered along the Central Cordillera from Porokma in the Lake Habbema area (Snow Mtns) of Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya) through the Telefomin region in W Papua New Guinea eastward to the Wau area and all the way to near Agaun near the E portion of the Owen Stanley Range (Flannery 1995a:245, as Mayermys).	IUCN  Vulnerable as Mayermys ellermani.	The type species of Mayermys (Laurie and Hill, 1954). Flannery (1990b:183, 1995a) provided a photograph of the animal and a summary of distributional and biological data. This small-bodied mouse is unique among all living muroid rodents in having only four minute molars (12 is usual, three in each quadrant of the jaw). An undescribed species related to P. ellermani occurs in the SE peninsula of Papua New Guinea (K. Helgen, in litt., 2003). Of the species in Pseudohydromys, P. ellermani is the only one with with a distribution in both western and eastern portions of the Central Cordillera.	Shaw Mayers Shrew Mouse
13001699	Pseudohydromys fuscus	Laurie 1952	SPECIES			fuscus		Pseudohydromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Zool. vol.1 p.311			Papua New Guinea: Known from Lake Louise (Sandaun Province), Mt Erimbari and Mt Wilhelm (Chimbu Province), and Mt Kaindi (Morobe Province) above 2400 m (Flannery, 1995a, as Neohydromys).	IUCN  Vulnerable as Neohydromys fuscus.	Type species of Neohydromys. The little information about habitat and diet is reviewed by Flannery (1995a). Except for its smaller molars (relative to cranial size) and slightly proodont upper incisors, P. fuscus closely resembles P. murinus in pelage coloration and texture, body size, and craniodental traits (Mussers observations). Pseudohydromys fuscus, along with P. murinus, are known only from the eastern Central Cordillera of New Guinea.	Mottled-tailed Shrew Mouse
13001700	Pseudohydromys murinus	Rümmler 1934	SPECIES			murinus		Pseudohydromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Z. Säugetierk. vol.9 p.48			Papua New Guinea; known only from several localities around the Wau area in the east and the vicinity of Mt. Wilhelm in the west (Laurie, 1952; Flannery, 1995a).	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	The scanty information available for distribution, ecology, and diet is summarized by Flannery (1995a).	Eastern New Guinea Shrew Mouse
13001701	Pseudohydromys occidentalis	Tate 1951	SPECIES			occidentalis		Pseudohydromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.97 p.224			New Guinea; known only from the area around Lake Habbema and slopes of Mt Wilhelmina in Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya) (Tate, 1951:225); apparently a Snow Mtn endemic.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Pseudohydromys occidentalis and its eastern relative P. murinus are found only in tropical upper montane rainforest. Other than being montane and primarily insectivorous, little is recorded about its natural history (Flannery, 1995a). Records from the Star Mtns and Victor Emmanuel Range in W Papua New Guinea attributed to P. occidentalis (Flannery, 1995a:256) actually represent a separate morphologically distinctive species (K. Helgen, in litt., 2003).	Western New Guinea Shrew Mouse
13001702	Pseudomys	Gray 1832	GENUS					Pseudomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1832 p.39	Pseudomys australis Gray, 1832.	Gyomys  Thomas, 1910; Paraleporillus Martinez and Lidicker, 1971; Thetomys Thomas, 1910.			<p>PseudomysDivision. Member of the Australian Old Endemics (Musser, 1981c), part of which is the Conilurini where Lee et al. (1981) and Baverstock (1984) placed Pseudomys. The genus is now regarded by some as part of an expanded Hydromyini (which includes Australian and New Guinea genera in our Hydromys, Uromys, and Xeromys Divisions), an "Australasian clade" defined by similarities in albumin immunology and spermatozoal structure (Watts and Baverstock, 1994a, 1995b, 1996). Taxonomic, distributional, and biological references to all species cataloged by Mahoney and Richardson (1988).</p><p>Data from several character suites have been used to estimate relationships among species of Pseudomys: anatomy of male and female reproductive tracts (Breed, 1980, 1985, 1986); phallic morphology (Lidicker and Brylski, 1987; Morrissey and Breed, 1982); spermatozoal morphology (Breed, 1983, 1984, 1997; Breed and Sarafis, 1978); electroph... [truncated]	
13001715	Pseudomys gracilicaudatus	Gould 1845	SPECIES			gracilicaudatus		Pseudomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1845 p.77		ultra Troughton, 1939.	Australia; modern range along the eastern coast from Townsville in N Queensland to Sydney area in New South Wales; subfossil specimens from farther south in New South Wales (Mahoney and Posamentier, 1975) and from S Victoria (Fox, 1995a:601; Watts and Aslin, 1981:180; Watts and Tweedie, 1992).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Phylogenetically closely related to P. nanus, an estimate based on spermatozoal morphology (Breed, 1983), electrophoretic data (Baverstock et al., 1977a, 1981), and morphology of skin, skull, and teeth (Watts and Aslin, 1981). Fox (1995a) provided a short recent review.	Eastern Chestnut Pseudomys
13001703	Pseudomys albocinereus	Gould 1845	SPECIES			albocinereus		Pseudomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1845 p.78		squalorum  (Thomas, 1907).	Australia, SW Western Australia (from Shark Bay area southeast to Israelite Bay); also found on islands of Bernier, Dorre, Shark Bay, and Woody (Watts and Aslin, 1981:196, and Morris, 1995:584).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Analysis of phallic morphology suggested P. albocinereus belongs in group with P. fumeus and P. shortridgei (Lidicker and Brylski, 1987), but electrophoretic data placed it in a cluster containing P. apodemoides and seven other species, excluding P. fumeus and P. shortridgei (Baverstock et al., 1981). Dental traits suggested P. albocinereus is closely related to the Pliocene P. vandycki, and if this resemblance reflects monophyly, the two species form a distinct group within Pseudomys (Godthelp, 1990). But Watts (in litt.) wrote us that "virtually all data supports close relationships between P. apodemoides and P. albocinereus. Relationships beyond this are any ones guess." See also Watts et al. (1992).	Ash-gray Pseudomys
13001704	Pseudomys apodemoides	Finlayson 1932	SPECIES			apodemoides		Pseudomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Trans. R. Proc. Soc. S. Aust. vol.56 p.170			Australia; Mallee-heath of SE South Australia and W Victoria (Murray-Darling Basin); see maps in Cockburn (1995a:586), Menkhorst (1995c:214), and Watts and Aslin (1981:199, only the portion in SE South Australia and W Victoria); also see Robinson et al. (2000).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Phylogenetic relationships are equivocal to some (see discussion in Lidicker and Brylski, 1987:635, and references therein), but not to other workers (see preceding account).	Silky Pseudomys
13001705	Pseudomys australis	Gray 1832	SPECIES			australis		Pseudomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1832 p.39		auritus  Thomas, 1910; flavescens Troughton, 1936; lineolatus (Gould, 1845); minnie Troughton, 1932; murinus (Gould, 1845); stirtoni (Martinez and Lidicker, 1971).	Australia; New South Wales, S Queensland, South Australia, and S Northern Territory; late Pleistocene to Recent remains from W Victoria (Breed and Head, 1991; Robinson et al., 2000; Watts and Aslin, 1981; Williams and Menkhorst, 1995b); probably extinct in New South Wales (Mahoney and Richardson, 1988:172), where the species has not been found alive for more than 100 years (Ellis, 1995); present range summarized by Watts (1995e).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Microscopic structure of hooks on sperm head reported by Flaherty and Breed (1982), and protein composition of ventral processes on the sperm head and its significance documented by Breed et al. (2000). Phallic information suggested P. australis is related to P. gouldii, P. higginsi, and P. nanus, to the exclusion of other species of Pseudomys (Lidicker and Brylski, 1987:635); electrophoretic data (Baverstock et al., 1981) and spermatozoal morphology (Breed, 1983) concordant with this association. Reviewed by Watts and Aslin (1981) and Watts (1995e). Comparative ecology of two populations in N South Australia is reported by Brandle and Moseby (1999), and distribution, ecology, and conservation status are documented by Brandle et al. (1999).	Plains Pseudomys
13001706	Pseudomys bolami	Troughton 1932	SPECIES			bolami		Pseudomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Rec. Aust. Mus. vol.18 p.292			Australia, S South Australia and S Western Australia (Kitchener, 1985:216, and Watts, 1995f:588; Robinson et al., 2000); possibly once occurred in W Victoria (Menkhorst and Williams, 1995).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Originally described by Troughton (1932a) as a subspecies of P. hermannsburgensis, but distinguished from it and redescribed by Kitchener et al. (1984a), who also reported sympatry of both species at Goongarrie, Western Australia. Reviewed by Watts (1995f).	Bolams Pseudomys
13001707	Pseudomys calabyi	Kitchener and Humphreys 1987	SPECIES			calabyi		Pseudomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Rec. West. Aust. Mus. vol.13 p.296			Australia, recorded only from a small area in N part of Northern Territory (Woinarski et al., 1995a).		Kitchener and Humphreys (1987) proposed calabyi as a distinctive subspecies of P. laborifex (see also Mahoney and Richardson, 1988:177), but Woinarski et al. (1995a) claimed that study of more material collected between 1988 and 1990 confirms its specific status. The small range of P. calabyi is allopatric to that of P. laborifex.	Kakadu Pebble-mound Pseudomys
13001708	Pseudomys chapmani	Kitchener 1980	SPECIES			chapmani		Pseudomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Rec. West. Aust. Mus. vol.8 p.405			Australia, NW Western Australia; extant specimens known only from Pilbara Dist. (Kitchener, 1985:216), but distribution of pebble mounds indicates range once extended through Gascoyne to Murchison Dist. with S limit near Mileura, N limit the Great Sandy Desert, and E limit the Gibson Desert (Dunlop and Pound, 1981; Start and Kitchener, 1995).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	This species builds pebble mounds and is sympatric with P. hermannsburgensis (Kitchener, 1980), which does not construct such mounds (Dunlop and Pound, 1981), but phylogenetically most closely allied to P. johnsoni, another species that constructs pebble mounds (Kitchener, 1985). The use of pebble mounds as indicators of the presence of P. chapmani is documented by Anstee (1996). Reviewed by Start and Kitchener (1995).	Western Pebble-mound Mouse
13001723	Pseudomys oralis	Thomas 1921	SPECIES			oralis		Pseudomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.8 p.621			Australia; extant specimens from NE New South Wales and SE Queensland, but late Pleistocene fossils are from farther south in New South Wales and E Victoria (Gynther and OReilly, 1995; Meek and Triggs, 1999; Poole, 1994; Read, 1993; Watts and Aslin, 1981:170).	IUCN  Endangered.	Originally described as a subspecies of P. australis. Once considered to be the least known and rarest of Pseudomys (Watts and Aslin, 1981), but is less rare than thought although extremely local in distribution (Kirkpatrick, 1995). Body size and geographic distribution documented by Read (1993)	Hastings River Pseudomys
13001709	Pseudomys delicatulus	Gould 1842	SPECIES			delicatulus		Pseudomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1842 p.13		mimulus  Thomas, 1926; pumilus Troughton, 1936.	Torresian distribution in N Australia; N coastal region from near Port Hedland in Western Australia to Bundaberg area in Queensland, including some nearshore islands (Watts and Aslin, 1981:188; Braithwaite and Covacevich, 1995:593). SC Papua New Guinea, Morehead region on the trans-Fly plains (Flannery, 1995a; Waithman, 1979).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Electrophoretic data and spermatozoal morphology supported a close relationship between P. delicatulus, P. novaehollandiae, and P. pilligaensis (Breed, 1983; Briscoe et al., 1981). Sperm head morphology documented by Breed (2000) in context of distinguishing P. delicatulus from P. patrius, and revealing significant geographic variation within the former. Reviewed by Watts and Aslin (1981) and Braithwaite and Covacevich (1995). There is no evidence of range reduction in Australia from the time of European settlement (Braithwaite and Covacevich, 1995). Palmer (2001) described some new collection sites of P. delicatulus in Queensland representing range extensions. Pseudomys delicatulus is one of 17 Australian species of mammals that are also found in the Trans-Fly region of SC New Guinea and nowhere else on the island (Norris and Musser, 2001).	Delicate Pseudomys
13001710	Pseudomys desertor	Troughton 1932	SPECIES			desertor		Pseudomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Rec. Aust. Mus. vol.18 p.293		murrayensis  (Krefft, 1862); subrufus (Krefft, 1862).	Arid and semiarid tropical regions of Australia; Western Australia, South Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland, New South Wales, and possibly Victoria; also recorded from Bernier Isl, Western Australia (Kerle, 1995a:595; Mahoney and Richardson, 1988:174); Robinson et al. (2000) summarized the distribution in South Australia; Williams (1995c) discussed the possible distribution in Victoria.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Spermatozoal morphology similar to P. australis and many other species of Pseudomys (Breed, 1983). Both names listed above are unused senior synonyms of desertor and should not be resurrected (Mahoney and Richardson, 1988:174). Reviewed by Kerle (1995a). Read et al. (1999) documented the distribution, ecology, and current status of P. desertor in South Australia.	Desert Pseudomys
13001711	Pseudomys fieldi	Waite 1896	SPECIES			fieldi		Pseudomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Rept. Horn Sci. Exped. Cent. Aust., Zool. vol.2 p.403		praeconis  Thomas, 1910.	Australia. The only natural living population occurs on Bernier Isl in Shark Bay, Western Australia; some animals from there were translocated to Doole Isl in Exmouth Gulf in 1993 (Morris and Robinson, 1995).	CITES  Appendix I as P. praeconis; U.S. ESA  Endangered as P. fieldi and P. praeconis; IUCN  Critically Endangered as P. fieldi, Vulnerable as P. praeconis.	Clustered with most other species of Pseudomys, judged by electrophoretic data (Baverstock et al., 1981, reported under praeconis). In the 1980s, fieldi was thought to be represented only by the holotype collected at Alice Springs in Northern Territory in 1895 and praeconis was known only from Bernier Isl. While listing fieldi as a species, Watts and Aslin (1981:171) wrote that "It is difficult to determine whether or not this represents a distinct species or a rather aberrant specimen of some other species." Subfossil samples have now been discovered along the west coast south of Shark Bay, and through Western Australia (the upper Gascoyne, northern Goldfields, and Gibson Desert) to the S region of Northern Territory. Study of this material and the holotypes of fieldi and praeconis indicates that all the samples represent the same species and that it once had an extensive mainland distribution before European settlement (Morris and... [truncated]	Shark Bay Pseudomys
13001712	Pseudomys fumeus	Brazenor 1934	SPECIES			fumeus		Pseudomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Mem. Nat. Mus. Melb. vol.8 p.158			Australia, Victoria (Cockburn, 1995b:599; Menkhorst, 1995d:219; Watts and Aslin, 1981:202). Range during late Pleistocene extended into E New South Wales (Wakefield, 1972a).	U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Vulnerable.	Electrophoretic data separated P. fumeus from other species of Pseudomys (Baverstock et al., 1981); phallic morphology suggested a close tie between P. fumeus, P. albocinereus, and P. shortridgei, a group for which the generic name Gyomys is available (Lidicker and Brylski, 1987:635); but spermatozoal structure tied P. fumeus with most other species of Pseudomys (Breed, 1983). Reviewed by Watts and Aslin (1981) and Cockburn (1995b).	Smoky Pseudomys
13001713	Pseudomys glaucus	Thomas 1910	SPECIES			glaucus		Pseudomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.6 p.609			Australia, Murray-Darling basin in New South Wales and S Queensland (Mahoney and Richardson, 1988:175).	IUCN  Critically Endangered. Possibly extinct (Mahoney and Richardson, 1988:175).	Questionably listed as a synonym of P. apodemoides by Watts and Aslin (1981), and and sometimes considered synonymous with that species (Cockburn, 1995a), but no data supports such an association (Aplin, in litt., 2004; our survey of relevant literature).	Blue-gray Pseudomys
13001714	Pseudomys gouldii	Waterhouse 1839	SPECIES			gouldii		Pseudomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Zool. Voy. H.M.S. "Beagle," vol.Mammalia 2 p.67		rawlinnae Troughton, 1932.	Australia; range based on Recent and subfossil specimens includes E South Australia and New South Wales (Dixon, 1995e); subfossils of either P. gouldii or P. fieldi (the two are difficult to distinguish) are from localities widespread across South Australia (Robinson et al., 2000.	U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Extinct.	For full citation and other information see Mahoney and Richardson (1988:175). Apparently extinct (Mahoney and Richardson, 1988:175); no live animals seen or collected since the middle 1850s (Watts and Aslin, 1981:169). Phallic morphology indicated gouldii is clustered with P. australis, P. higginsi, and P. nanus (Lidicker and Brylski, 1987). Reviewed by Watts and Aslin (1981) and Dixon (1995e).	Goulds Pseudomys
13800319	Pteropus lombocensis subsp. salottii	Kitchener 1995	SUBSPECIES		salottii	lombocensis		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	[in Kitchener and Maryanto, 1995]					molossinus species group.	
13001716	Pseudomys hermannsburgensis	Waite 1896	SPECIES			hermannsburgensis		Pseudomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Rept. Horn Sci. Exped. Cent. Aust., Zool. vol.2 p.405		brazenori Troughton, 1937.	Australia; arid parts of Western Australia, South Australia, Northern Territory, W Queensland, W New South Wales, and NW Victoria (Breed, 1995c:604; Robinson et al., 2000; Watts and Aslin, 1981:190; see also the range retraction by Ellis, 1995b).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Electrophoretic data (Baverstock et al., 1981) and spermatozoal morphology (Breed, 1983) clustered P. hermannsburgensis with most other species in Pseudomys, but phallic morphology interpreted by Lidicker and Brylski (1987) indicated closer affinity to species they placed in Leggadina. Digestive tract traits in relation to diet documented by Murray et al. (1994). Reviewed by Breed (1995c).	Sandy Inland Pseudomys
13001717	Pseudomys higginsi	Trouessart 1897	SPECIES			higginsi		Pseudomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Cat. Mamm. Viv. Foss. vol.1 p.473		australiensis Wakefield, 1972; leucopus (Higgins and Petterd, 1881) [not Rafinesque, 1818].	Australia; extant population known only from Tasmania (Rounsevell et al., 1991); represented on mainland in Victoria and E New South Wales by late Pleistocene samples (Wakefield, 1972b).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Spermatozoal morphology (Breed, 1983) and electrophoretic data (Baverstock et al., 1981) placed P. higginsi with most other species of Pseudomys, but phallic anatomy (Lidicker and Brylski, 1987) clustered P. higginsi with P. australis, P. gouldii, and P. nanus. Wakefield (1972b) described australiensis as a subspecies based on late Pleistocene fossils. Reviewed by Watts and Aslin (1981) and Green (1995).	Long-tailed Pseudomys
13001718	Pseudomys johnsoni	Kitchener 1985	SPECIES			johnsoni		Pseudomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Rec. West. Aust. Mus. vol.12 p.208			Australia; originally reported from small area in arid C Northern Territory (Kerle, 1995b:608; Kitchener, 1985:216). Recent discovery of P. johnsoni in Queensland highlights lack of detailed survey data for many parts of northern Australia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Closest phylogenetic relative is apparently P. chapmani, which occurs in NW Western Australia (Kitchener, 1985).	Central Pebble-mound Pseudomys
13001719	Pseudomys laborifex	Kitchener and Humphreys 1986	SPECIES			laborifex		Pseudomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Rec. West. Aust. Mus. vol.12 p.420			Australia, N Western Australia and N Northern Territory (Kitchener and Humphreys, 1986:430, 1987:292).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Kitchener (1995).	Kimberley Pseudomys
13001720	Pseudomys nanus	Gould 1858	SPECIES			nanus		Pseudomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1858 p.242		ferculinus (Thomas, 1902).	Australia; W coast of Western Australia (also Barrow Isl), between Port Hedland and the Barkly Tableland in NE Western Australia, N Northern Territory, and NW Queensland (also South-West Isl in Gulf of Carpentaria); Watts and Aslin (1981:177); once ranged through W part of Western Australia (Robinson, 1995c:610).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Type species of Thetomys. A close relative of P. gracilicaudatus to the exclusion of other species of Pseudomys, judged by analyses of electrophoretic data (Baverstock et al., 1977a, 1981); but a member of the group that includes only P. australis, P. gouldi, and P. higginsi based on phallic morphology (Lidicker and Brylski, 1987); however, not distinctive relative to most other species in the genus as judged by spermatozoal form (Breed, 1983). Anatomy of mammary glands described by Griffiths and Simms (1993). Reviewed by Watts and Aslin (1981) and Robinson (1995c).	Western Chestnut Pseudomys
13001721	Pseudomys novaehollandiae	Waterhouse 1842 "1843"	SPECIES			novaehollandiae		Pseudomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1842 p.146			Australia; Coastal region of E New South Wales, S Victoria, and N Tasmania (Kemper, 1995b:611; Rounsevell et al., 1991:711; Seebeck and Menkhorst, 1995:222; Watts and Aslin, 1981:193; Wilson, 1994:47, 1996:32).	U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Type species of Gyomys. External, cranial, and dental morphology, along with electrophoretic data and spermatozoal anatomy, pointed to a close relationship between P. novaehollandiae and P. pilligaensis (Breed, 1983; Briscoe et al., 1981). Wilson and Roede (1997) described how populations can be sampled using hair sampling tubes. Reviewed by Watts and Aslin (1981) and Kemper (1995b). Distribution and its correlation with vegetation type in Victoria documented by Lock and Wilson (1999).	New Holland Pseudomys
13001722	Pseudomys occidentalis	Tate 1951	SPECIES			occidentalis		Pseudomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.97 p.246			Australia; extant range in SW Western Australia, subfossil specimens indicate species extended along S coastline to Kangaroo Isl off coast of South Australia (Kitchener, 1992; Robinson et al., 2000; Watts and Aslin, 1981:205).	U.S. ESA and IUCN  Endangered.	Considered "rare and likely to become extinct," but range was contracting before arrival of Europeans (Watts and Aslin, 1981:205). Electrophoretic data clustered P. occidentalis with all other Pseudomys analyzed except P. fumeus, P. gracilicaudatus, P. nanus, and P. shortridgei (Baverstock et al., 1981). Reviewed by Whisson and Kitchener (1995).	Western Pseudomys
13001806	Solomys sapientis	Thomas 1902	SPECIES			sapientis		Solomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.9 p.44			Recorded only from Santa Isabel Isl (Flannery and Wickler, 1990).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Represented by extant specimens; no archaeological fragments have been uncovered. Reviewed by Flannery (1995b).	Isabel Island Solomys
13001725	Pseudomys pilligaensis	Fox and Briscoe 1980	SPECIES			pilligaensis		Pseudomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Aust. Mamm. vol.3 p.112			Australia, N New South Wales, collected from a few localities within the Pilliga Scrub (Fox and Briscoe, 1980:119).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Chromosomal morphology described by Fox and Briscoe (1980). Morphological and electrophoretic data supported a close phylogenetic relationship of P. pilligaensis to P. delicatulus and P. novaehollandiae (Briscoe et al., 1981), which was reinforced by spermatozoal morphology (Breed, 1983). Reviewed by Fox (1995b). Recent DNA sequencing studies by F. Ford reveal a complex mosaic of delicatulus and novaehollandiae genotypes and phenotypes within the geographic area occupied by pillagaensis, raising the distinct possibility that the latter taxon actually identifies a zone of hybrid interaction between delicatulus and novaehollandiae (F. Ford, in litt., 2004).	Pilliga Pseudomys
13001726	Pseudomys shortridgei	Thomas 1906 "1907"	SPECIES			shortridgei		Pseudomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1906 p.765			Australia; S Western Australia and SW Victoria (Grampian Mtns and Portland areas); see maps in Watts and Aslin (1981:185) and Menkhorst (1995e:223); living specimen collected in 1967 from South Australia where the species is otherwise represented only by subfossils (Robinson et al., 2000).	U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Lower Risk (cd).	Thought to be extinct in Western Australia (Watts and Aslin, 1981), but recently rediscovered there (Baynes et al., 1987). Level of DNA sequence divergence between Western and South Australian populations examined by Cooper et al. (2003b). Electrophoretic data suggested P. shortridgei is phylogenetically isolated from all other species of Pseudomys (Baverstock et al., 1981); spermatozoal morphology unlike most other Pseudomys but similar to that of P. delicatulus, P. novaehollandiae, and P. pilligaensis (Breed, 1983); phallic anatomy linked P. shortridgei to P. albocinereus and P. fumeus, a group that could be generically recognized by calling it Gyomys (Lidicker and Brylski, 1987:635). Gross and microscopic anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract documented by Meulman et al. (1999). Reviewed by Watts and Aslin (1981) and Cockburn (1995c).	Heath Pseudomys
13001727	Rattus	Fischer 1803	GENUS					Rattus	Muridae	Rodentia	Natl. Mus. Nat. Paris vol.2 p.128	Mus decumanus Pallas, 1779 (see Hollister, 1916b; = Mus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769).	Acanthomys  (Gray, 1867) [not Lesson, 1842, or Tokuda, 1941]; Christomys Sody, 1941; Cironomys Sody, 1941; Epimys Trouessart, 1881; Geromys Sody, 1941; Mollicomys Sody, 1941; Octomys (Sody, 1941) [not Thomas, 1922]; Pullomys Sody, 1941; Rattus Frisch, 1775; Stenomys Thomas, 1910; Togomys Dieterlen, 1989.			<p>RattusDivision. Rattus Frisch, 1775, is unavailable. Corbet and Hill (1992:334) noted that Fischers original spelling is Ruttus but ". . . there is no evidence within this publication that the spelling Ruttus was an error. However it has, very sensibly, been universally accepted as an error for Rattus and it would serve no useful purpose to revert to Ruttus." Sody (1941) proposed the genera Christomys, Cironomys, Geromys, Mollicomys, Octomys, and Pullomys for various species we list in Rattus; Corbet and Hill (1992) doubted the validity of Mollicomys and Octomys since they are based on mammary formulae shared with other murines (but see generic account of Taeromys). Togomys is based on R. exulans (Dieterlen, in Ansell, 1989). Taxonomic changes altering the definition of Rattus as understood by systematists working in the middle 1900s (Ch... [truncated]	
13001728	Rattus adustus	Sody 1940	SPECIES			adustus		Rattus	Muridae	Rodentia	Treubia vol.17 p.397			Pulau Enggano.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Rattus rattus species group. Still known only by the holotype. Although Sody (1940) described adustus as a species, he later listed it as a subspecies of R. rattus in a section also containing lugens and mentawai, populations endemic to the Mentawai Isls (Sody, 1941). In morphology and geographic proximity, R. adustus is related to R. lugens, the two are allies of R. simalurensis from the Simalur Arch., and all three share close kinship with Sundaic R. tiomanicus (Musser and Heaney, 1985; Musser, ms.). Rattus adustus, R. enganus (see that account), and R. tiomanicus are the only native Rattus (and the sole native murines) on Pulau Enggano.	Burnished Enggano Rat
13001729	Rattus andamanensis	Blyth 1860	SPECIES			andamanensis		Rattus	Muridae	Rodentia	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.29 p.103		burrulus  (Miller, 1902); flebilis (Miller, 1902); hainanicus G. M. Allen, 1925; holchu Chaturvedi, 1965; klumensis (Kloss, 1916); koratensis Kloss, 1919; kraensis (Kloss, 1916); remotus (Robinson and Kloss, 1914); sikkimensis Hinton, 1919; yaoshanensis Shih, 1930.	S China (Yunnan, Guangxi, Fujian, islands of Hong Kong and Hainan), Vietnam (including four coastal islands; Kuznetsov, 2000, recorded as koratensis), Laos, Cambodia, Thailand (including Koh Klum off SE Thailand in the Gulf of Siam), C and N Burma, NE India (Sikkim, N West Bengal, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Meghalaya), Bhutan, and E Nepal. Not recorded from the mainland of peninsular Thailand south of Isthmus of Kra (10EE, 30' N), but occurs on four islands (Koh Tau, Koh Phangan, Koh Samui, and Koh Kra) off the coast well south of the Isthmus (see Musser and Heaney, 1985). Also on the Andaman Isls (islands of North Andaman, Interview, Middle Andaman, Long, Henry Lawrence, Havelock, South Andaman, and Little Andaman) and Car Nicobar, northernmost of the Nicobar Isls. Limits in NE India and Nepal unresolved. Distribution based on specimens examined by Musser).	IUCN  Vulnerable as R. sikkimensis	<p>Rattus rattus species group. Usually listed as sikkimensis, which was described as a subspecies of R. rattus (Hinton, 1919a), then arranged as a synonym of R. r. brunneusculus (Ellerman, 1961), later identified as R. sikkimensis (Musser and Newcomb, 1983; Musser and Heaney, 1985; Musser and Carleton, 1993), and discussed under R. remotus by Corbet and Hill (1992), who noted that remotus is an older name than sikkimensis. South Vietnamese samples have also been described under R. sladeni (Van Peenen et al., 1969), N Vietnamese series as R. koratensis (Dao, 1985), and Thai samples under R. koratensis and R. remotus (J. T. Marshall, Jr., 1977a).</p><p>The oldest name for the species is andamanensis, which Musser and Lunde (ms) determined by study of the holotype and large series (in USNM, KNMB, and ZSI) collected on the Andaman Isls. ... [truncated]	Indochinese Forest Rat
13001749	Rattus jobiensis	Rümmler 1935	SPECIES			jobiensis		Rattus	Muridae	Rodentia	Z. Säugetierk. vol.10 p.116		biakensis  Troughton, 1945; owiensis Troughton, 1946.	New Guinea, Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya), recorded only from islands of Yapen, Owi, Supiori, and Biak in Geelvinck Bay (Flannery, 1995b:154; Taylor et al., 1982:262).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Rattus leucopus species group. Originally described as a subspecies of R. leucopus, jobiensis is a distinctive, separate species that may be more closely related to Moluccan endemics than to native mainland New Guinea species (Taylor et al., 1982). Reviewed by Flannery (1995b).	Yapen Island Rat
13001731	Rattus arfakiensis	Rümmler 1935	SPECIES			arfakiensis		Rattus	Muridae	Rodentia	Z. Säugetierk. vol.10 p.118			Recorded only by the holotype from the Arfak Mtns.		Rattus leucopus species group; member of the R. niobe complex. Usually associated with R. niobe as a subspecies (Laurie and Hill, 1954; Tate, 1951) or one of the synonyms of R. niobe arrogans (Taylor et al., 1982). Its brown upperparts and long incisive foramina do not fit neatly into either R. niobe, R. pococki, or R. arrogans. We provisionally recognize arfakiensis as a species until a fresh assessment is made of individual and geographic variation among samples of the R. niobe complex. A larger series of arfakiensis is required for study to determine its relationship to populations of this complex in the Central Cordillera of Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya) and Papua New Guinea.	Vogelkop Mountain Rat
13001732	Rattus argentiventer	Robinson and Kloss 1916	SPECIES			argentiventer		Rattus	Muridae	Rodentia	J. Strs. Br. Roy. Asiat. Soc. vol.73 p.274		bali Kloss, 1921; brevicaudatus Horst and Raadt, 1918; chaseni Sody, 1941; hoxaensis Dao, 1960; kalimantanensis Maryanto, 2003; pesticulus Thomas, 1921; saturnus Sody, 1941; umbriventer Kellogg, 1945.	Indochina: Thailand and Koh Samui off the east coast of peninsular Thailand (J. T. Marshall, Jr., 1977a), Cambodia, C Laos (Smith et al., In Press), and Vietnam (Dang et al., 1994) in Indochina (including islands of Cham and Thô Chu off the coast of S Vietnam; Kuznetsov, 2000). Sunda Shelf: Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Kangean Isl, and Bali. Nusa Tenggara (Lesser Sunda Isls): islands of Lombok, Sumbawa, Sangeang, Komodo, Rintja, Flores, Adonara, Lembata, Alor, Sumba, Timor, and Tanimbar. East of Indochina and the Sunda Shelf: Philippines (Cebu, Luzon, Mindoro, Negros, and Mindanao Isls; Heaney et al., 1998); Sulawesi (Musser and Holden, 1991); and one place and date of collection in New Guinea (Musser, 1973b; Taylor et al., 1982). See Musser (1973b) and Maryanto (2003) for details of range. Corbet and Hill (1992), followed by Helgen (2003b), recorded the species from Seram in the Moluccas, but we cannot locate any specimens that would substantiate that occurrence, and Maryantos (2003) taxonomic revision of Indonesian populations does not include Seram within the distribution.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Rattus rattus species group. The incorrect historical association of argentiventer as a subspecies of Rattus rattus summarized by Musser (1973b). Judged by its close morphological alliance with species that Ellerman (1941) placed in subgenus Rattus, which are mostly mainland Asian in origin, and its peculiar Indo-australian geographic distribution that is discordant with ranges of endemic species, R. argentiventer was likely inadvertently introduced into the highly distinctive murine faunas of the Sunda Shelf, Philippines, Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara, and New Guinea from its Indochinese homeland, possibly with the spread of rice culture (Musser, 1973b; Musser and Holden, 1991; Musser and Newcomb, 1983; Taylor et al., 1982). Rattus hoxaensis from C Vietnam, described by Dao (1960), represents R. argentiventer (Mussers identification of specimens in ZMVNU that Dao himself identified as hoxaensis); reasons fo... [truncated]	Ricefield Rat
13001733	Rattus arrogans	Thomas 1922	SPECIES			arrogans		Rattus	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.9 p.263		Rattus leucopus  species group; member of the R. niobe complex. Taylor et al., (1982) treated arrogans as a subspecies of R. niobe and western montane counterpart of the eastern R. n. niobe. Our examination of hundreds of specimens in AMNH led us to a different interpretation. There are at least three species in what is currently regarded as R. niobe. One is R. niobe, which we have not been able to identify outside of Papua New Guinea. In Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya), two kinds occur on N slopes of the Snow Mtns. Between 1500 and 2150 m is a dark blackish brown (upperparts and underparts) species closely similar in fur coloration to most Papuan R. niobe, but averages larger in external and most cranial dimensions. We provisionally apply pococki to this species, as did Tate (1951:340, as Rattus niobe pococki) who examined the same material. The zone between 2200 and 3900 m is occupied by a different species that has brown instead of blackish pelage, even larger dimensions, a larger skull with more inflated braincase, and wider molars. Thomass (1922a, b) and Tates (1951) description of arrogans fit these specimens (type locality is in same region but farther north), and they were also assigned to arrogans by Tate (1951, as a subspecies of niobe). Tates (1951) description of the holotype of haymani (replacement name for Thomass, 1913b, klossi) suggests it is a synonym. Flannery (1990b:241) noted that unpublished results from biochemical studies indicated that two species are present in what Taylor et al. (1982) defined as a single entity, one at high altitudes and the other at lower, but did not indicate which region of New Guinea. According to K. Aplin (in litt., 2004), those results came from samples collected by him on Mt. Karimui (northern Papua New Guinea in Chimbu Province) in 1984. He encountered two morphologically (in external and cranial traits) distinct forms overlapping at about 1400 m. His allozyme study confirmed they were also genetically distinct (more so than R. leucopus and R. verecundus that were included on the same gels). Flannery and Seri (1990) also recognized a high-altitude form they labelled arrogans and a middle-altitude entity they identified as pococki in the Central Cordillera of West Sepik Province in northwestern Papua New Guinea. Whether these names identify the same species that live on northern slopes of the Snow Mtns remains to be determined.	Western New Guinea; recorded from the central mountainous backbone of Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya; Pegunungan Maoke) eastward to the Star Mtns in W Papua New Guinea (longitude 141EE), 2200-4050 m (some of the material cited by Taylor et al., 1982 as Rattus niobe arrogans; Flannery and Seri, 1990; specimens in AMNH).	haymani(Ellerman, 1941); klossi Thomas, 1913 [not Bonhote, 1906].		Western New Guinea Mountain Rat
13001734	Rattus baluensis	Thomas 1894	SPECIES			baluensis		Rattus	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.14 p.454			Known only between 1524 and 3360 m on slopes of Mt Kinabalu, N Borneo (Md Nor, 2000; Musser, 1986).	IUCN  Endangered.	Rattus rattus species group. Taxonomic history of past association of baluensis with Rattus rattus documented by Musser (1986), who also noted that its closest relative is probably R. tiomanicus, which occurs in lowlands of Borneo and on many islands on the Sunda Shelf. Member of the suite of murine species endemic to Borneo (Musser, 1986; see also account of Chiropodomys major).	Kinabalu Rat
13001735	Rattus blangorum	Miller 1942	SPECIES			blangorum		Rattus	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.94 p.145			Known only from the type locality.		Rattus rattus species group. Still represented only by the holotype and another specimen (ANSP 20348, 20349). Originally described as a species (Miller, 1942), but later included in R. tiomanicus (Musser and Califia, 1982; Corbet and Hill, 1992; Musser and Carleton, 1993). Recent multivariate analyses employing morphometric traits of Sundaic samples of the R. tiomanicus complex indicate blangorum to be distinct from all other insular samples in that assemblage, which is partly a reflection of its small body size compared to the usual size range in R. tiomanicus (Musser, ms.). Member of the suite of murine species endemic to Sumatra (Musser, 1986, and account of Maxomys hylomyoides).	Aceh Rat
13001736	Rattus bontanus	Thomas 1921	SPECIES			bontanus		Rattus	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.7 p.246		foramineus Sody, 1941.	SW Sulawesi: 600-2500 m on the slopes of Gunung Lampobatang and adjacent coastal lowlands.	IUCN  Vulnerable as R. bontanus, Lower Risk (nt) as R. foramineus.	Rattus xanthurus species group. Sody (1941) questionably included this species in Taeromys, Laurie and Hill (1954) and Musser (1984) treated it as a subspecies of R. xanthurus, but Musser and Holden (1991) contended that it is a distinct species most closely related to R. foramineus, which occurs in coastal lowlands of the southern end of the SW peninsula of Sulawesi and is represented only by four modern specimens (Sody, 1941) and subfossil fragments from a few localities (Musser, 1984; Musser and Holden, 1991). Recent morphometric analyses reveal that foramineus is a lowland population of R. bontanus, which has external and morphological traits that distinguish it from any other species in the R. xanthurus group of Sulawesi (Musser, ms). Sody described pelurus from Pulau Peleng as a subspecies of R. foramineus, but the Peleng Isl rat is a separate species (Musser and Holden, 1991; see that account).	Southwestern Xanthurus Rat
13001767	Rattus novaeguineae	Taylor and Calaby 1982	SPECIES			novaeguineae		Rattus	Muridae	Rodentia	in Taylor et al., Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.173 p.259			Recorded only from C Papua New Guinea "from Kassam westward to Karimui in the north, and southward to Koranga, at altitudes ranging from 740 to 1525 m" (Taylor et al., 1982:259), and from Wasi Falls and Mt Sisa in the Kikori River Basin of S Papua New Guinea (Leary and Seri, 1997); see Taylor et al. (1982) and Flannery (1995a).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Rattus leucopus species group. Virtually all taxonomic, distributional, and ecological information associated with R. novaeguineae is contained in the reports by Flannery (1995a), Leary and Seri (1997), and Taylor et al. (1982).	Papua New Guinea Rat
13001737	Rattus burrus	Miller 1902	SPECIES			burrus		Rattus	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus. vol.24 p.768		burrescens (Miller, 1902).	Islands of Trinkat, Little Nicobar, and Great Nicobar in the Nicobar Arch.; apparently absent from Car Nicobar, northernmost of the Nicobar Isls, which is inhabited by populations of R. andamanensis and R. palmarum (see those accounts).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Rattus rattus species group. Recent morphometric analyses indicate R. burrus to be most closely related to R. simalurensis from the Simalur Arch., R. lugens from the Mentawai Arch., and R. adustus from Pulau Enggano. Except for larger body size, morphology of the four species resembles that characterizing the R. tiomanicus complex from the Sunda Shelf (Musser, 1986; Musser, ms.). Rattus burrus is also morphologically similar to R. palmarum from Car Nicobar, the northernmost of the Nicobar Isls (see that account), but differs in being smaller in body size (e. g., greatest skull length = 41.3-46.7 mm for 12 adult R. burrus, 49.0-54.0 mm for three adult R. palmarum), with softer pelage. Whether burrus is a separate species or simply a smaller-bodied insular variant of the larger-bodied and coarse-furred R. palmarum warrants careful study. Both taxa may be Nicobar endemics, but their status will have... [truncated]	Nicobar Archipelago Rat
13001738	Rattus colletti	Thomas 1904	SPECIES			colletti		Rattus	Muridae	Rodentia	Novit. Zool. vol.11 p.599			Australia; known only from the coastal floodplains of the Northern Territory, the most restricted range of all the native Australian Rattus (Watts and Aslin, 1981; Williams, 1995).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Rattus fuscipes species group. Arranged as a subspecies of R. sordidus by Taylor and Horner (1973), but subsequently treated as a separate species (Mahoney and Richardson, 1988; Watts and Aslin, 1981; Williams, 1995). Although diploid counts are very different, Rattus colletti (2n = 42) is genetically very close to R. villosissimus (2n = 50); the two hybridize in the laboratory, but the offspring exhibit severely reduced fertility (Baverstock et al., 1983a, 1986). An undescribed species related to R. colletti and R. villosissimus is known from a small area in C Queensland (Aplin, in litt., 2004). Fertile hybrids have also been obtained between laboratory crosses of R. colletti and R. tunneyi (Baverstock et al., 1983a).	Australian Dusky Rat
13001739	Rattus elaphinus	Sody 1941	SPECIES			elaphinus		Rattus	Muridae	Rodentia	Treubia vol.18 p.307			Known only from Pulau Taliabu, Indonesia (Musser and Holden, 1991) and adjacent Pulau Manggole in the Sula Arch., but absent from nearby Pulau Sanana in the same archipelago, where only the introduced R. tanezumi and R. exulans are found (Flannery, 1995b).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Rattus leucopus species group. A morphologically distinctive species that is likely most closely related to native Rattus on the Moluccas and New Guinea. Amplified description and comparisons with Sulawesian R. hoffmanni and R. koopmani from Peleng Isl provided by Musser and Holden (1991).	Sula Archipelago Rat
13001740	Rattus enganus	Miller 1906	SPECIES			enganus		Rattus	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. vol.30 p.821			Known only from Pulau Enggano.	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Rattusspecies group unresolved. Represented only by the holotype. Some cranial, dental, and external features resemble those in R. macleari from Christmas Isl and R. xanthurus from Sulawesi, but the holotype of R. enganus is morphologically distinctive; determining its phylogenetic affinities within Rattus will require more specimens from Pulau Enggano and revisionary study of the genus (Musser and Newcomb, 1983). In addition to R. enganus and R. adustus, there is a single specimen of R. tiomanicus (USNM 140975) collected on Pulau Enggano.	Enggano Island Rat
13001741	Rattus everetti	Günther 1879	SPECIES			everetti		Rattus	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1879 p.75		albigularis  (Mearns, 1905); gala (Miller, 1910); tagulayensis (Mearns, 1905); tyrannus (Miller, 1910).	Endemic and widespread in the Philippines except for the Greater Palawan and Sulu faunal regions and the Batanes-Babuyan groups. Islands of Luzon, Catanduanes, Mindoro, Sibuyan, Ticao, Camiguin, Samar, Calicoan, Leyte, Dinagat, Siargao, Mindanao, Basilan, Bohol, Biliran, Marinduque, Panay, and Maripipi (Heaney et al., 1998); probably occurs on other islands in the Philippine Arch. (Musser and Heaney, 1992).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Rattusspecies group unresolved. Member of the Philippine New Endemics (Musser and Heaney, 1992). May be more than one species represented in insular samples; the everetti complex needs critical systematic revision. Corbet and Hill (1992), for example, recognized tyrannus from Ticao and Negros Isls as a separate species. Cranial, dental, and spermatozoal characters elaborated by Breed and Musser (1991) and Musser and Heaney (1992). Not closely related to other species of Rattus endemic to the Philippines and likely should be generically separated. Phylogenetic analyses of complete DNA mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences for 13 of the 16 genera of endemic Philippine murines place R. everetti as either basal to other species of Rattus or near the clade containing species of Bullimus, Tarsomys, and Limnomys (Jansa and Heaney, 2001; Heaney, pers. comm.), which are also New Endemics. Standard karyotype (2n = 42, FN... [truncated]	Philippine Forest Rat
13001742	Rattus exulans	Peale 1848	SPECIES			exulans		Rattus	Muridae	Rodentia	Mammalia in Repts. U.S. Expl. Surv. vol.8 p.47		aemuli  (Thomas, 1896); aitape Troughton, 1937; apicus (Mearns, 1905); basilanus (Hollister, 1913); bocourti (Milne-Edwards, 1872); browni (Alston, 1877); buruensis (J. A. Allen, 1911); calcis (Hollister, 1911); clabatus (Lyon, 1906); concolor (Blyth, 1859); echimyoides (Ramsay, 1877); ephippium (Jentink, 1880); equile Robinson and Kloss, 1927; eurous Miller and Hollister, 1921; gawae Troughton, 1845; hawaiiensis Stone, 1917; huegeli (Thomas, 1880); jessook (Jentink, 1879); lassacquerei Sody, 1933; leucophaetus (Hollister, 1913); luteiventris (J. A. Allen, 1910); malengiensis Sody, 1941; manoquarius Sody, 1934; maorium (Hutton, 1870); mayonicus (Hollister, 1913); melanoderma (Dieterlen, 1986); meringgit Sody, 1941; micronesiensis Tokuda, 1933 [see Kaneko and Maeda, 2002]; negrinus (Thomas, 1898); obscurus (Miller, 1900) [not Waterhouse, 1837]; ornatulus (Hollister, 1913); otteni Kopstein, 1931; pantarensis (Mearns, 1905); praecelsus Troughton, 1937; pullus (Miller, 1901); querceti (Hollister, 1911); raveni Miller and Hollister, 1921; rennelli Troughton, 1945; schuitemakeri Sody, 1933; solatus Kellogg, 1945; stragulum (Robinson and Kloss, 1916); suffectus Troughton, 1937; surdus (Miller, 1903); tibicen Troughton, 1937; todayensis (Mearns, 1905); vigoratus (Hollister, 1913); vitiensis (Peale, 1848); vulcani (Mearns, 1905); wichmanni (Jentink, 1890).	E Bangladesh, C and S Burma, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, C and S Vietnam, Yongxing Isl in the Xisha Arch (in South China Sea southeast of Hainan Isl between 16E and 18EN; Wang, 2003), E Taiwan and Miyakojima Isl in S Ryukyus (Motokawa et al., 2001a), Sundaic region (incl. Mentawai Isls, and islands of Enggano, Nias, and Simeulule), Christmas Isl (Gibson-Hill, 1947), Sulawesi, Philippines (Heaney et al., 1998), Moluccas (Flannery, 1995b), and Nusa Tenggara (Lesser Sunda Isls); New Guinea Region (Taylor et al., 1982; Flannery, 1995a), SW Pacific Isls (Flannery, 1995b) Adele and Murray Isls off the coast of NW and NE Australia (not recorded from mainland; Mahoney and Richardson, 1988; Taylor and Horner, 1973; Watts, 1995h; Watts and Aslin, 1981), Micronesia, New Zealand (Atkinson and Moller, 1990), Polynesia (including Caroline Isls; Buden, 1996a, 1996b), Hawaiian Isls (Tomich, 1986), and Easter Isl. Not documented from Andaman or Nicobar Isls (Chaturvedi, 1980; Mussers research), despite assertion of Wodzicki and Taylor (1984), who otherwise adequately summarized general distribution; details recorded by Musser and Newcomb (1983) and Corbet and Hill (1992). Range also based upon our study of specimens in several museums (also see Matisoo-Smith et al., 1998).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>Rattus exulans species group. Inadvertent or intentional human introduction or possibly natural rafting is responsible for most of the Pacific insular occurrences (Langdon, 1995; Matisoo-Smith and Robins, 2004; Matisoo-Smith et al., 1998; Roberts, 1991), and for distributions on islands and archipelagos outside of mainland SE Asia, the region where the species may have originated (Musser and Newcomb, 1983). Matisoo-Smith et al. (1998) claimed that R. exulans was among the plant and animal species carried by ancestral Polynesians in their colonizing canoes. They analyzed mtDNA sequences in an array of Polynesian samples, concluding that the sequences "prove to be valuable genetic markers for tracing the migration routes and movement of the first humans entering the remote Pacific" (p. 15149). A subsequent study by Matisoo-Smith and Robins (2004) documents evidence for origins and dispersals of Polynesians derived from mtDNA phylogenies of R. exulans. Standard kar... [truncated]	Pacific Rat
13001743	Rattus feliceus	Thomas 1920	SPECIES			feliceus		Rattus	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.6 p.423			Known only from Seram Isl, sea level to 1830 m (Helgen, 2003b).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Rattus leucopus species group. Amplified description and comparison with R. koopmani from Peleng Isl provided by Musser and Holden (1991), who also discussed past subspecific allocations of feliceus to other species of Rattus. Phylogenetic affinities of R. feliceus are probably with species of Rattus endemic to New Guinea region (Musser and Holden, 1991), an alliance based upon morphology that should be tested with molecular data. Reviewed by Flannery (1995b) and Helgen (2003b).	Spiny Seram Island Rat
13001744	Rattus fuscipes	Waterhouse 1839	SPECIES			fuscipes		Rattus	Muridae	Rodentia	Zool. Voy. H.M.S. "Beagle," Mammalia p.66		assimilis  (Gould, 1858); brazenori Tate, 1940; coracius Thomas, 1923; glauerti Thomas, 1926; greyii (Gray, 1841); manicatus (Gould, 1858); mondraineus Thomas, 1921; murrayi Thomas, 1923; peccatus Troughton, 1937; pelori Finlayson, 1960; ravus Brazenor, 1936.	Coastal, subcoastal, and offshore islands of SW Western Australia; S coast from Eyre Peninsula in South Australia (Robinson et al., 2000) to W Victoria; coastal and subcoastal Victoria from Otway Peninsula north to near Rockhampton in Queensland; coastal Queensland from Townsville to Cooktown (Lunney, 1995a:652; Seebeck, 1995c:225; Taylor and Horner, 1973:15).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Rattus fuscipes species group. Taylor and Horner (1973) suggested, on morphological grounds, that the Queensland population of R. fuscipes (coracius) has a common ancestry with Queensland R. leucopus, a hypothesis reasserted by Taylor et al. (1982, 1983). This relationship, however, is unsupported by either chromosomal (Dennis and Menzies, 1978) or allozymic data (Baverstock et al., 1983a, 1986). Reviewed by Taylor and Horner (1973), Watts and Aslin (1981), Mahoney and Richardson (1988), and Lunney (1995a). See Taylor and Calaby (1988a, Mammalian Species, 298). The name manicatus was included in the synonymy of Rattus fuscipes by Taylor and Horner (1973), but listed as incertae sedis by Mahoney and Richardson (1988:192).	Australian Bush Rat
13001745	Rattus giluwensis	Hill 1960	SPECIES			giluwensis		Rattus	Muridae	Rodentia	J. Mammal. vol.41 p.277		melanurus Laurie and Hill, 1954 [not Shamel, 1940].	Recorded only from Mt Giluwe in Papua New Guinea and adjoining highlands, 2195-3660 m (Taylor et al., 1982).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Rattus leucopus species group. Originally described as R. ruber melanurus (Laurie and Hill, 1954:112), but the name is preoccupied by Rattus melanurus Shamel, 1940, which refers to a sample of Maxomys whiteheadi. A morphologically distinctive species whose phylogenetic affinities are equivocal (Taylor et al., 1982, 1983).	Mount Giluwe Rat
13001746	Rattus hainaldi	Kitchener, How, and Maharadatunkamsi 1991	SPECIES			hainaldi		Rattus	Muridae	Rodentia	Rec. West. Aust. Mus. vol.15 p.557			Known only from Flores Isl.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Rattus species group unresolved. Described from two specimens (Kitchener et al., 1991c), and later found to be common in forest habitats (Kitchener and Yani, 1998; Kitchener et al., 1998). Phylogenetic affinities uncertain; placement in Rattus originally provisional (Kitchener et al., 1991), results from albumin immunology suggest transfer to either Bunomys or Komodomys (Watts and Baverstock, 1994b), but electrophoretic data indicate R. hainaldi to be equidistant from the Komodomys-Rattus timorensis clade of Nusa Tenggara clade and true Rattus (K. Aplin, in litt., 2004).	Hainalds Flores Island Rat
13001747	Rattus hoffmanni	Matschie 1901	SPECIES			hoffmanni		Rattus	Muridae	Rodentia	Abh. Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges. vol.25 p.284		biformatus  Sody, 1941; celebensis (Hoffmann, 1887) [not Gray, 1867]; linduensis Miller and Hollister, 1921; mengkoka Tate and Archbold, 1935; mollicomus Miller and Hollister, 1921; tatei Ellerman, 1941.	Sulawesi; throughout island except upper slopes of Gunung Lampobatang at the end of the SW peninsula; also on Pulau Malenge in Kepulauan Togian (Musser and Holden, 1991).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Rattus rattus species group. Morphological, chromosomal, distributional, and ecological boundaries of species elaborated by Musser and Holden (1991), who also documented taxonomic history. Stomach morphology described and contrasted with other Sulawesian endemics by Musser and Durden (2002). Closest relative of R. hoffmanni is R. mollicomulus from Gunung Lampobatang, Sulawesi. Rattus koopmani, endemic to Pulau Peleng, is also likely closely related to R. hoffmanni. Phylogenetic affinities of this cluster to other species of Rattus are unresolved.	Hoffmanns Sulawesi Rat
13001748	Rattus hoogerwerfi	Chasen 1939	SPECIES			hoogerwerfi		Rattus	Muridae	Rodentia	Treubia vol.17 3 p.496			Recorded from only between 885 and 2835 m in foothills and upper slopes of Gunung Leuser, Sumatra (Musser, 1986).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Rattusspecies group unresolved. Very distinctive and possibly not a member of Rattus. Morphology and comparisons with other species documented by Musser and Newcomb (1983) and Musser (1986). Although phylogenetic affinities with species of Rattus from Sulawesi, the Philippines, and Christmas Isl have been claimed (Miller, 1942), and with R. korinchi (Chasen, 1939), no compelling evidence links R. hoogerwerfi with any other species (Musser, 1986). Member of the suite of murine species endemic to Sumatra (see Musser, 1986, and account of Maxomys hylomyoides).	Hoogerwerfs Sumatran Rat
13001807	Solomys spriggsarum	Flannery and Wickler 1990	SPECIES			spriggsarum		Solomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Aust. Mamm. vol.13 p.133			Endemic to Buka Isl.		Known only by subfossil archaeological material (Flannery and Wickler, 1990).	Buka Island Solomys
13801242	Macrotus waterhousii subsp. minor	Gundlach 1864	SUBSPECIES		minor	waterhousii		Macrotus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13001750	Rattus koopmani	Musser and Holden 1991	SPECIES			koopmani		Rattus	Muridae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.206 p.389			Known only from Peleng Isl.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Rattus rattus species group. Represented only by the holotype. In many characters, R. koopmani resembles the Sulawesian R. hoffmanni and bears the same degree of relationship to that species as the Peleng R. pelurus does to mainland R. xanthurus. More specimens are needed to assess morphological variation and better estimate phylogenetic affinity (Musser and Holden, 1991). Occurs with R. pelurus, a member of the R. xanthurus group; no other species of Rattus have been found on Pulau Peleng, but past biological surveys have been limited.	Koopmans Peleng Island Rat
13001751	Rattus korinchi	Robinson and Kloss 1916	SPECIES			korinchi		Rattus	Muridae	Rodentia	J. Str. Br. Roy. Asiatic Soc. vol.73 p.275			Recorded only from Gunung Kerinci and Gunung Talakmau in W Sumatra (Musser, 1986:4).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Rattusspecies group unresolved. Revised by Musser (1986). Represented by very few specimens, and morphologically unlike any other described species of Rattus. Member of the cluster of murine species endemic to Sumatra (Musser, 1986; see also account of Maxomys hylomyoides).	Sumatran Mountain Rat
13001752	Rattus leucopus	Gray 1867	SPECIES			leucopus		Rattus	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1867 p.598		cooktownensis Tate, 1951; dobodurae Troughton, 1946; mcilwraithi Tate, 1951; personata (Krefft, 1867); ratticolor (Jentink, 1908); ringens (Peters and Doria, 1881); terra-reginae (Alston, 1879).	Australia, Queensland: one population ranges from the tip of Cape York south down E side of the peninsula to vicinity of Coen, another from region of Cooktown south along the coast to Tully; all records are east of the Great Dividing Range (Moore and Leung, 1995; Taylor and Horner, 1973; Watts and Aslin, 1981). New Guinea: widespread in lowlands south of Central Cordillera, in N and S lowland regions fringing the Owen Stanley Range in E Papua New Guinea (Flannery, 1995a; Taylor et al., 1982:232); also Wokam Isl in the Aru Isls (Flannery, 1995b). Altitudinal range, sea level to 1200 m (Flannery, 1995a).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Rattus leucopus species group. This species and R. sordidus are the only two native Rattus occurring on both New Guinea and the NE coastal region of Australia (Taylor et al., 1982). Morphologically related to other species of Rattus native to New Guinea (Taylor et al., 1982). Morphological data interpreted by Taylor and Horner (1973) to indicate close affiliation between R. leucopus and R. fuscipes from coastal Queensland; allozymic data discordant with this view (Baverstock et al., 1983a, 1986). Australian segment reviewed by Watts and Aslin (1981), Mahoney and Richardson (1988), and Moore and Leung (1995); New Guinea segment reviewed by Flannery (1995a). Leung (1999b) provided the first detailed ecological study of R. leucopus in Australia. Leary and Seri (1997) discussed specimens taken in the Kikori River Basin of S Papua.	Cape York Rat
13001753	Rattus losea	Swinhoe 1870 "1871"	SPECIES			losea		Rattus	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1870 p.637		exiguus  Howell, 1927; sakeratensis Gyldenstolpe, 1917.	Taiwan (M.-J. Yu, 1996), Pescadores Isls, S China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Guizhou, Chongqing, E Sichuan, S Shaanxi, Hainan Isl, Hong Kong; Wang, 2003), Vietnam (Dang et al., 1994), C and S Laos (Smith et al., In Press), Thailand (excluding peninsular Thailand; J. T. Marshall, Jr., 1977a; Robinson et al., 1995 ), and S and SW Cambodia (specimens in FMNH and MNHN; A. Smith in litt., 2000); details of range reported by Musser and Newcomb (1985) and also based upon our study of other specimens not recorded in that report.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Rattus rattus species group. Known morphological, geographical, and altitudinal boundaries; correctly and incorrectly associated scientific names; and geographic variation reviewed by Musser and Newcomb (1985). They also suggested that R. losea is morphologically and probably phylogenetically closest to R. osgoodi from the highlands of S Vietnam and phylogenetically linked to R. argentiventer; see also Corbet and Hill (1992:341). Chromosomal contrasts between R. losea and three other species of Rattus from S Vietnam documented by Baskevich and Kuznetsov (1998). Karyotype from Taiwanese sample described by H.-T. Yu et al. (1996), who noted that the chromosomal complement is the same as that recorded for Thai samples except for differences in the X chromosome. Additional chromosomal data summarized by Rickart and Musser (1993). Adler (1995) documented habitat use on Taiwan.	Losea Rat
13001754	Rattus lugens	Miller 1903	SPECIES			lugens		Rattus	Muridae	Rodentia	Smithson. Misc. Coll. vol.45 p.33		mentawai Chasen and Kloss, 1928.	Islands of Siberut, Sipora, Pagai Utara, and Pagai Selattan in the Mentawai Arch. off coast of SW Sumatra; these islands lie on a slender extension of the continental shelf.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Rattus rattus species group. Chasen (1940) listed lugens and mentawai each as a subspecies of R. rattus, but the Mentawai endemic is a morphologically distinctive species most closely related to R. adustus from Enggano Isl and R. simalurensis from the adjacent Simalur Arch., and both those two species along with R. lugens appear to be morphologically related to the R. tiomanicus complex (Musser, 1986; Musser and Califia, 1982; Musser and Heaney, 1985; Musser, ms.). Member of the murine fauna endemic to Mentawai Arch. (see account of Leopoldamys siporanus).	Mentawai Archipelago Rat
13001761	Rattus mordax	Thomas 1904	SPECIES			mordax		Rattus	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.14 p.398		fergussoniensis Laurie, 1952.	Papua New Guinea; Huon Peninsula and both sides of Owen Stanley Range on mainland, sea level to 2750 m (Taylor et al., 1982; Flannery, 1995a). Also recorded from Goodenough, Fergusson, and Normanby Isls in the D'Entrecasteaux Arch.; Woodlark Isl in the Trobriand Arch.; Misima and Sudest in the Louisiade Arch.; the Conflict Group of islands; and Sideia Isl, off the tip of E Papua (Flannery, 1995b).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Rattus leucopus species group. Originally described by Thomas as a species, mordax had been treated as a subspecies of either leucopus, ringens, or ruber until it was reinstated by Taylor et al. (1982). Reviewed by Flannery (1995a).	Eastern New Guinea Rat
13001755	Rattus lutreolus	J. E. Gray 1841	SPECIES			lutreolus		Rattus	Muridae	Rodentia	In G. Gray, App. C in Jour. Two Exped. Aust. vol.II p.409		cambricus  Troughton, 1937; imbil Troughton, 1937; lacus Tate, 1951; pachyurus (Higgins and Petterd, 1884); petterdi (Trouessart, 1904); tetragonurus (Higgins and Petterd, 1884); vellerosus (Gray, 1847); velutinus (Thomas, 1882).	Tasmania (Rounsevell et al., 1991); coastal and subcoastal habitats from vicinity of Adelaide in SE South Australia east and north through S Victoria, New South Wales to SE Queensland, with isolated populations in N Queensland; also on Kangaroo Isl off coast of South Australia (Lunney, 1995b:656; Robinson et al., 2000; Seebeck, 1995d:227; Taylor and Horner, 1973:53; Watts and Aslin, 1981:231).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Rattus fuscipes species group. Watts and Aslin (1981) provided comprehensive discussion of the species. Gross and microscopic anatomy of gastrointestinal tract described by Meulman et al. (1999). Reviewed by Mahoney and Richardson (1988) and Lunney (1995b). See Taylor and Calaby (1988b, Mammalian Species, 299).	Australian Swamp Rat
13001756	Rattus macleari	Thomas 1887	SPECIES			macleari		Rattus	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1887 p.513			Endemic to Christmas Isl, 320 km south of Java in the Indian Ocean; thought to be extinct by 1908 (Andrews, 1909) and now considered extirpated (Flannery, 1990c), with time of extinction between 1901 and 1904 (Pickering and Norris, 1996).	IUCN  Extinct.	<p>Rattusspecies group unresolved. Ellerman (1941) first listed the species as the only member of "macleari" group in subgenus Rattus, then placed it and R. nativitatis in same group within subgenus Stenomys of Rattus (Ellerman, 1949a). Chasen (1940) thought R. macleari to be nearest Sundamys muelleri, but in their comparisons, Musser and Newcomb (1983) found no support for this alliance. Misonne (1969) included R. macleari in subgenus Rattus; at the other extreme, Sody (1941) proposed genus Christomys to contain it. In the original description, Thomas (1887c) indicated R. macleari belonged to a group that included Taeromys celebensis, Lenomys meyeri, Rattus everetti, and R. xanthurus (he treated all as Rattus); of these, only R. xanthurus resembles R. macleari (Musser and Newcomb, 1983). Phylogenetic relationships remain un... [truncated]	Maclears Christmas Island Rat
13001757	Rattus marmosurus	Thomas 1921	SPECIES			marmosurus		Rattus	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.7 p.246		facetus  Miller and Hollister, 1921; tondanus Sody, 1932.	Northern arm and central core of Sulawesi. Absent from SE peninsula where it is replaced by R. salocco and SW peninsula where R. bontanus occurs. Altitudinal range, lowlands to mountain summits in a variety of forest formations.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Rattus xanthurus species group. Although marmosurus has been listed as a subspecies of R. xanthurus (Ellerman, 1941; Laurie and Hill, 1954), most researchers besides Thomas have recognized its specific uniqueness (Misonne, 1969; Musser, 1971e, 1984; Musser and Holden, 1991; Sody, 1941; Tate, 1936). Furthermore, the two are sympatric in NE Sulawesi (Musser, 1971e). Sody (1941) questionably included marmosurus in Taeromys, but it is a member of the Rattus xanthurus group. Musser (1971e) explained why tondanus, from the NE arm, is a synonym; facetus is based on a juvenile from the central core of the island. Musser and Carleton (1993) confined the species to NE region of the northern peninsula of Sulawesi, but recent morphometric analyses unequivocally indicate that it is R. xanthurus that is restricted to the NE arm and R. marmosurus that has the wider distribution on the island (Musser, ms)... [truncated]	Marmoset Xanthurus Rat
13001758	Rattus mindorensis	Thomas 1898	SPECIES			mindorensis		Rattus	Muridae	Rodentia	Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.14 p.402		picinus (Hollister, 1913).	Greater Mindoro Faunal Region. Endemic to highlands of Mindoro (Philippines).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Rattus rattus species group. Phylogenetically distant from other species of Rattus endemic to the Philippines (Musser and Heaney, 1992). Morphologically closely related to Rattus tiomanicus, which is native to Malay Peninsula and islands on the Sunda Shelf, and possibly only an insular variant of that species (Musser and Califia, 1982; Musser and Heaney, 1985; Musser, ms). Musser (1977b) explained why picinus is a synonym. Murine fauna on Mindoro consists of Sundaic and Philippine elements, and R. mindorensis is a member of the former (see account of Anonymomys).	Mindoro Mountain Rat
13001759	Rattus mollicomulus	Tate and Archbold 1935	SPECIES			mollicomulus		Rattus	Muridae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.802 p.4			Known only from higher slopes of Gunung Lampobatang, Sulawesi (Musser and Holden, 1991).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Rattus rattus species group. Morphological and distributional limits outlined by Musser and Holden (1991), who also provided past historical allocations of the name. Closest relative is R. hoffmanni, which occurs in lowlands of the SW peninsula and throughout the rest of Sulawesi (see that account).	Lampobatang Sulawesi Rat
13001760	Rattus montanus	Phillips 1932	SPECIES			montanus		Rattus	Muridae	Rodentia	Ceylon J. Sci., Sec. B vol.16 p.323			Known only from the type locality, Horton Plains at 2135 m, and Nuwara Eliya at 1830 m in primary montane forests of Central and Uva Provinces of Sri Lanka (Phillips, 1980).	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Rattusspecies group unresolved. A montane endemic on Sri Lanka and morphologically so unlike other species of Rattus that it should probably be removed from the genus, despite McKays (1984) assertion that it is nothing more than a large form of R. rattus (see Musser, 1986:22, and Corbet and Hill, 1991:346). Like R. annandalei, R. hoogerwerfi, R. korinchi, R. macleari, R. nativitatis, and members of the R. xanthurus group, the Ceylon endemic seems isolated within the morphological boundaries of Rattus as presently understood (Musser, 1986).	Sri Lankan Mountain Rat
13800297	Pteropus hypomelanus subsp. condorensis	Peters 1869	SUBSPECIES		condorensis	hypomelanus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						subnigerspecies group.	
13001762	Rattus morotaiensis	Kellogg 1945	SPECIES			morotaiensis		Rattus	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.58 p.66			Endemic to the Halmahara Isls; recorded from Morotai, Halmahara, and Batjan Isls (Flannery, 1995b).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Rattusspecies-group unresolved. Arboreal, and the only recorded murine endemic to the Halmahara Isls. Kellogg (1945) regarded R. morotaiensis to be more closely related to the New Guinea species ("R. ringens group") than to Sundaic species ("Rattus rajah group"), but morphology of the Halmahara rat indicates otherwise (K. Aplin, in litt., 2004). It is characterized by a suite of distinctive external traits (very spiny fur, long slightly tufted tail), cranial conformation, and molar structure (posterior cingula on upper molars, large peg-like anterolabial and anterolingual cusps on m1, wide cingular margins on m2, and crenulated enamel on all molars) not found in any other species of Rattus from New Guinea, the Moluccas, or anywhere else (Musser and Holden, ms). Reviewed by Flannery (1995b).	Halmahara Rat
13001763	Rattus nativitatis	Thomas 1888 "1889"	SPECIES			nativitatis		Rattus	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1888 p.533			Endemic to Christmas Isl, 320 km south of Java in the Indian Ocean; suspected to be extinct by 1908 (Andrews, 1909) and is now considered extinct (Flannery, 1990c).	IUCN  Extinct.	Rattusspecies group unresolved. For Thomas (1888b), the morphology of R. nativitatis distanced it from any other described species of Rattus. Ellerman (1941) first listed the species as the only member of the "nativitatis" group in subgenus Rattus, then placed it and R. macleari in same group within subgenus Stenomys of Rattus (Ellerman, 1949a). Chasen (1940) thought R. nativitatis to be without close relatives in Malaysia, but Misonne (1969) placed it close to rajah in the subgenus Leopoldamys of Rattus, an allocation rejected by Musser (1981b) and Musser and Newcomb (1983). Four hypotheses about phylogenetic position of R. nativitatis require testing: 1) it is most closely related to R. macleari, the other endemic on Christmas Isl; 2) it is not related to R. macleari but to other species of Rattus; 3) ... [truncated]	Christmas Island Rat
13001764	Rattus niobe	Thomas 1906	SPECIES			niobe		Rattus	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.17 p.327		rufulus  Thomas, 1922; stevensi Rümmler, 1935.	Montane habitat in Papua New Guinea: "from the southeastern extremity of New Guinea northward and westward to 141EE longitude; also in the Saruwaged Mountains of the Huon Peninsula " (Taylor et al., 1982:193), 762-4000 m.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Stenomys niobe.	Rattus leucopus species group. Our view of R. niobe corresponds to Papuan R. n. niobe as defined by Taylor et al. (1982). They recognized Central Cordillera populations in Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya) and a population in the Arfak Mtns of the Vogelkop Peninsula as R. n. arrogans, which we divided into R. arrogans, R. pococki, and R. arfakiensis (see those accounts). Chromosomal morphology presented by Dennis and Menzies (1978). Phallic anatomy described by Lidicker (1968). See account of R. arrogans.	Eastern New Guinea Mountain Rat
13001765	Rattus nitidus	Hodgson 1845	SPECIES			nitidus		Rattus	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.15 p.267		aequicaudalus (Hodgson, 1849); guhai (Nath, 1952); horeites (Hodgson, 1845); manuselae Thomas, 1920; obsoletus Hinton, 1919; rahengis Kloss, 1919; ruber (Jentink, 1880); rubricosa (Anderson, 1879); subditivus Miller and Hollister, 1921; vanheurni Sody, 1933.	Mainland Southeast Asia from S China (SE Xixang,Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Hunna, Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Anhui, S Shaanxi, SE Gansu, and Hainan Isl; Wang, 2003), Vietnam (including the coastal islands of Cat Ba and Thô Chu; Kuznetsov, 2000), Laos, N Thailand, Burma, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, and N India (Uttar Pradesh, Sikkim, West Bengal, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Tripura, Mizoram, and Manipur; Agrawal, 2000); this distribution probably represents the indigenous range (Musser and Holden, 1991). Records east of the continental shelf are from C Sulawesi, Luzon Isl in the Philippines (recorded only from Benguet Province, Heaney et al., 1998; Musser, 1977a; Musser and Holden, 1991), Pulau Seram in the Moluccas, the Vogelkop Peninsula of the Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya), and the Palau Isls (east of the Philippines; Barbehenn, 1974); this distribution likely represents introductions mediated by human agency (Musser and Holden, 1991).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>Rattus norvegicus species group. Association of synonyms documented by Corbet and Hill (1992), Ellerman (1941), Khajuria et al. (1977), J. T. Marshall, Jr. (1977a, b), Musser (1981c), Musser and Holden (1991), and Taylor et al. (1982). Phallic morphology described by Yang and Fang (1988) in context of assessing phylogenetic relationships among Chinese murines. Yang et al. (1994) and Zeng et al. (1996a, b, 1999) reported various aspects of population ecology for Chinese populations, which are among the few studies of this kind covering R. nitidus. In pristine environments, R. nitidus lives in forested habitats along streams and readily enters water (field observations by G. Musser and D. Lunde in N Vietnam), which may account for its dense pelage resembling that of R. norvegicus, also a forager in streams and lakes. The names manuselae (Seram), ruber and vanheurni (Vogelkop Peninsula), and s... [truncated]	White-footed Indochinese Rat
13001766	Rattus norvegicus	Berkenhout 1769	SPECIES			norvegicus		Rattus	Muridae	Rodentia	Outlines of the Natural History of Great Britain and Ireland vol.1 p.5		aquaticus (Rutty, 1772); albinus (Donaldson, 1912); albus Hatai, 1907 [not of Fitzinger, 1867; see Kaneko and Maeda, 2002]; americanus (de Kay, 1842); caraco (Pallas, 1778); caspius (Oken, 1816); cauquenensis (Philippi, 1900); decaryi (Grandidier, 1934); decumanoides (Hodgson, 1841) [nomen nudum]; decumanus (Pallas, 1779); discolor (Noack, 1918); fossilis (Ameghino, 1889) [see Massoia and Pardiñas, 1993]; fossor (Walker, 1808); griseipectus (Milne-Edwards, 1872); hibernicus (Thompson, 1837) [see McKee, 1981]; hoffmanni (Trouessart, 1904) [not of Matschie, 1901]; humiliatus (Milne-Edwards, 1868); hybridus (Bechstein, 1800); insolatus Howell, 1927; javanus (Hermann, 1804); kurodobu Kuroda, 1953 [unavailable, see Kaneko and Maeda, 2002]; leucosternum (Rüppell, 1842); lutescens (Gay, 1848); magnirostris (Mearns, 1905); major (Hoffmann, 1887); maniculatus (Wagner, 1848); maurus (Waterhouse, 1839); migrans (Zimmermann, 1777); orii Kuroda, 1952 [see Kaneko and Maeda, 2002]; otomoi Yamada, 1930; ouangthomae (Milne-Edwards, 1871); plumbeus (Milne-Edwards, 1874); praestans (Trouessart, 1904); primarius Kastschenko, 1912; shirokuma Kuroda, 1953 [unavailable; see Kaneko and Maeda, 2002]; simpsoni (Philippi, 1900); socer Miller, 1914; sowerbyi Howell, 1928; suffureoventris Kuroda, 1952 [see Kaneko and Maeda, 2002]; surmulottus (Severinus, 1779); tamarensis (Higgins and Petterd, 1883).	Original distribution assumed to be SE Siberia, N China (Heilongjiang), and Hondo region (islands of Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu; see Dobson, 1994) of Japan (Jones and Johnson, 1965; Kowalski and Hasegawa, 1976; Kawamura, 1989), but introduced worldwide where it is more common in colder climates of higher N and S latitudes (Kucheruk, 1990); in warmer regions and tropics restricted to habitats highly modified by humans (e. g., sewers, buildings, wharves, breakwaters, ports, and large cities; Johnson, 1962a, Corbet and Hill, 1992). Considered extinct in Norway (Syvertsen et al., 1996).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>Rattus norvegicus species group. Latitudinal geographic variation among Chinese populations reported by Wu (1982). Samples from native Asian, free-living introduced, and laboratory populations have been the subject of numerous morphological (e.g., Bugge, 1970; Cheng and Yen, 1993; Greene, 1935; Kiliaridis et al., 1996; Kimura et al., 1994, 1996; Millien-Parra, 2000a; Naftel et al., 1999; Piette and Lametschwandtner, 1995; Puzachenko and Lapshov, 1994; Sakamoto, 1996), physiological, chromosomal and molecular (many are summarized in Yosida, 1980, and Levan et al., 1990; see also Behboudi et al., 2002; Belcheva et al., 1992; Koh et al., 1995; Robinson, 1984; Rothenburg et al., 2002) studies, which have produced among the mass of data a gene map of R. norvegicus (Levan et al., 1990). Results of attempted hybridizations between R. norvegicus and different forms of R. rattus summarized by Yosida (1980). Assessment and review of swim... [truncated]	Brown Rat
13400227	Dasyprocta cristata	E. Geoffroy 1803	SPECIES			cristata		Dasyprocta	Dasyproctidae	Rodentia	Cat. Mamm. Mus. Nat. dHist. Natur. p.165			Guianas.	IUCN  Data Deficient.	May be synonymous with leporina; see Husson (1978:464-466) and Hershkovitz (1972b:311-341). Not recognized by Emmons and Feer (1997) or Eisenberg (1989).	Crested Agouti
13001768	Rattus omichlodes	Misonne 1979	SPECIES			omichlodes		Rattus	Muridae	Rodentia	Bull. Inst. Roy. Sci. Nat. Belgium (Biologie) vol.51 p.6			Recorded only from western region of Snow Mtns at Ertsberg (3400 m) and Carstensz Peak area, 2950-3950 m (Flannery, 1995a:340).		Rattus leucopus species group. Regarded by Taylor et al. (1982) as identical to R. richardsoni after examining two paratypes of omichlodes (KNMB 4030, 4031), a synonymy followed by Musser and Carleton (1993) who had not studied the type series. Misonne (1979), however, had collected R. richardsoni at the same place but in a different habitat and his comparison with omichlodes clearly indicated the two are different species. Flannery (1995a;340) revived the latter after finding it in alpine scrub with samples of R. richardsoni and R. arrogans (recorded as R. niobe) in Meren Valley in the Carstensz Peak region; at lower elevations, "[Rattus] omichlodes occupies boggy alpine heath while [Rattus] niobe [= R. arrogans] occurs in mossy forest." Flannery had also examined the holotype. Misonne (1979:9) noted that R. arrogans (reported as R. niobe) was common in the forest and... [truncated]	Arianus New Guinea Mountain Rat
13001769	Rattus osgoodi	Musser and Newcomb 1985	SPECIES			osgoodi		Rattus	Muridae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.2814 p.18			Recorded only from two localities on Langbian (= Lam Vien) Plateau in the Dà Lat region of S Vietnam, 900-2000 m (Musser and Newcomb, 1985).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Rattus rattus species group. A Lang Bian Plateau endemic morphologically and probably phylogenetically related to R. losea (Musser and Newcomb, 1985). Among the smallest in body size of the R. rattus species group.	Osgoods Vietnamese Rat
13001770	Rattus palmarum	Zelebor 1869	SPECIES			palmarum		Rattus	Muridae	Rodentia	Reise Oesterr. Fregatte Novara. Zool. vol.I(Wirbelthiere) I(Säugeth.) p.26		novarae (Fitzinger, 1861); palmarum (Fitzinger, 1861); both names are nomina nuda (Miller, 1902:759).	Nicobar Isls, Car Nicobar.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	<p>Rattus rattus species group. A distinctive species known only by four specimens in the original series (NMW B26, B27, 21497, and 27027; Musser and Heaney, 1985; Musser and Newcomb, 1983). Because Zelebor (1869) provided no exact collection site, Musser and Heaney (1985) stated that the island was unknown where the rats were obtained. In response, Dr. K. Bauer wrote Musser the following: "It is true, that Zelebor (1869) gave no more exact information. But K. Scherzer, the Historiographer of the expedition did. In his detailed three volume report Reise der Österreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859 unter den Befehlen des Commodore R. von Wüllerstort-Urbair, published in Vienna 1861/62 (and later in Italian and English translations), he summarized the scientific results. And in connection with a sketch of the fauna found on the Nicobar Islands (vol. 2:71/72) he states (in translation): In mammals, all islands of the group are poor. We only f... [truncated]	Car Nicobar Rat
13001771	Rattus pelurus	Sody 1941	SPECIES			pelurus		Rattus	Muridae	Rodentia	Treubia vol.18 p.308			Known only from Peleng Isl.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Rattus xanthurus species group. Originally described by Sody as a subspecies of R. foramineus, but provisionally treated as an insular population of R. xanthurus by Musser (1984), and finally reviewed as a distinctive species by Musser and Holden (1991), who also placed it in the R. xanthurus group. Recent morphometric analyses corroborated the separation of pelurus as a different species from mainland R. xanthurus (Musser, ms).	Peleng Island Xanthurus Rat
13001772	Rattus pococki	Ellerman 1941	SPECIES			pococki		Rattus	Muridae	Rodentia	Family and Genera of Living Rodents vol.2 p.206		clarae  Rümmler, 1935 [not Miller, 1913].	New Guinea, middle altitudes along Central Cordillera of Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya), 1500-2500 m.		Rattus leucopus species group; member of the R. niobe complex. Rattus pococki is replaced at higher elevations in the Central Cordillera (Pegunungan Maoke) of Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya) by R. arrogans (see that account). Relationship to R. niobe of Papua New Guinea remains to be determined.	Pococks New Guinea Highland Rat
13001778	Rattus salocco	Tate and Archbold 1935	SPECIES			salocco		Rattus	Muridae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.802 p.7		orientalis (Revilliod, 1911) [not Desmarest, 1819, or Cretzschmar, 1826].	SE Peninsula; recorded from Tanke Salokko and in lowlands at Mowewe (03<sup>o</sup>57'S/121<sup>o</sup>43'E), 300 m.		Rattus xanthurus species group. Described as a species by Tate and Archbold, but subsequently usually included in R. xanthurus (e. g., Musser and Carleton, 1993). Musser (ms) demonstrated that the species is most closely related to R. marmosurus of C and N Sulawesi, and documented the synonymy of orientalis. See account of Taeromys arcuatus for information on the biogeographic pattern exhibited by this and other species pairs on Sulawesi.	Southeastern Xanthurus Rat
13800057	Cynopterus nusatenggara subsp. nusatenggara	Kitchener and Maharadatunkamsi 1991	SUBSPECIES		nusatenggara	nusatenggara		Cynopterus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Rec. West. Aust. Mus. vol.15 p.312		&nbsp; 				
13700006	Nesophontes longirostris	Anthony 1919	SPECIES			longirostris		Nesophontes	Nesophontidae	Soricomorpha	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.41 p.633			Cuba.	Extinct.	Time of extinction uncertain (MacPhee et al., 1999).	Slender Cuban Nesophontes
13400314	Ctenomys knighti	Thomas 1919	SPECIES			knighti		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.3 p.498			Mountains of La Rioia (W Argentina), north to Salta.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Cabrera (1961) believed viperinus synonymous with knighti. Karyotype reported for this taxon (2n=36 and FN=64; Reig et al., 1992) is from specimens now recognized as C. scagliai.	Catamarca Tuco-tuco
13001773	Rattus praetor	Thomas 1888	SPECIES			praetor		Rattus	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.2 p.158		bandiculus  Thomas, 1922; coenorum Thomas, 1922; mediocris Troughton, 1936; purdiensis Troughton, 1946; sansapor Troughton, 1946; tramitius Thomas, 1922; utakwa Ellerman, 1941.	New Guinea; on the mainland north of the Central Cordillera from Vogelkop Peninsula throughout N New Guinea to about the Sepik-Ramu drainage in Papua New Guinea, and south of the Cordillera to W Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya); sea level to 1900 m; absent from the Trans-Fly region and E Papua New Guinea. Living populations also recorded from Manus Isl in Admiralty Isls; Bougainville and Guadalcanal Isls in the Solomon Isls; Karkar Isl, Blup Blup Isl, Bat Isl, New Britain Isl, and New Ireland Isl in the Bismarck Arch.; and Salawati and Gebe islands off the western tip of Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya); found as fossils only on Nissan and Tikopia islands in the Solomons (Emmons and Kinbag, 2001; Flannery, 1995a, b; Flannery and White, 1991; Taylor et al., 1982). Also recorded from Fiji Isl as a subfossil (K. Aplin, in litt., 2004).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Rattus leucopus species group. In Tate's (1951) monograph, this species was listed as a subspecies of R. ruber; the holotype of ruber is an example of the introduced R. nitidus (Taylor et al., 1983, summarized the taxonomic history). According to Flannery (1995b:159), R. praetor "has been introduced prehistorically into most of its insular distribution, reaching New Ireland by 3500 year ago. . . and the Solomon Islands soon after." Reviewed by Flannery (1995a, b).	Large New Guinea Spiny Rat
13001774	Rattus pyctoris	Hodgson 1845	SPECIES			pyctoris		Rattus	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.15 p.267		celsus G. M. Allen, 1926; gilgitianus Akhtar, 1959; khumbuensis Biswas and Khajuria, 1955; rattoides (Hodgson, 1845) [not Pictet and Pictet, 1844]; shigarus (Miller, 1913); turkestanicus (Satunin, 1903); vicerex (Bonhote, 1903).	Mountains of SE Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, E Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan (Kucheruk, 2000); EC Iran (NE Kerman Province; FMNH series); N Afghanistan (Hassinger, 1973; Niethammer and Martens, 1975; BMNH and FMNH specimens); N Pakistan (Akhtar, 1959; USNM material); N India (Agrawal, 2000; large series in BMNH, FMNH, and USNM); Nepal (Ellerman, 1961; Niethammer and Martens, 1975; BMNH, FMNH, and USNM specimens); and S China (Yunnan, Sichuan, and Guangdong; AMNH and FMNH material).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as R. turkestanicus.	<p>Rattus norvegicus species group. Despite past use of rattoides Hodgson, 1845 (Caldarini et al., 1989; Corbet, 1978c; Ellerman, 1961; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951), it is preoccupied by rattoides Pictet and Pictet, 1844, a synonym of R. rattus (Schlitter and Thonglongya, 1971). The name turkestanicus (type-locality = Kyrgyzstan, Oshskaya Obl., Lenniskii p-h, Arslanbob) has generally replaced rattoides (Corbet and Hill, 1992; Musser and Carleton, 1993; Musser and Newcomb, 1985; Niethammer and Martens, 1975) for the species but should be abandoned for pyctoris, which is the oldest name (Musser and Carleton, 1993). Hodgsons (1845) pyctoris has historically been treated as a synonym of either R. rattus (Ellerman, 1941) or R. nitidus (Corbet, 1978c; Ellerman, 1961; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951). Musser studied the holotype of pyctoris (BMNH 45.1.8.381), the skin and skull of... [truncated]	Himalayan Rat
13001775	Rattus ranjiniae	Agrawal and Ghosal 1969	SPECIES			ranjiniae		Rattus	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Calcutta vol.22 p.41			Recorded only by specimens collected in rice fields from the districts of Trichur, Alleppy, and Trivandrum in the state of Kerala.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Rattusspecies group unresolved. Still represented by few specimens. Information about the species is meager and contained in the original description and the review by Agrawal (2000). Study of two paratypes kindly loaned to Musser by Dr. S. Chakraborty revealed that R. ranjiniae is characterized by large claws relative to body size, very long and slender hind feet, large body size, long molar rows, small bullae, narrow incisive foramina, and a short bony plate that does not extend past the third molars. These traits combine in a morphology that is unique compared with all other species now placed in Rattus (a conclusion also endorsed by Corbet and Hill, 1992). Phylogenetic relationships of R. ranjiniae are unknown; this species probably should be removed from Rattus.	Ranjinis Rat
13001776	Rattus rattus	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			rattus		Rattus	Muridae	Rodentia	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.61		aequicaudalis (Hodgson, 1845); aethiops (Philippi, 1900); albiventer (Jentink, 1909); albiventris (Jentink, 1909); albus (Fitzinger, 1867) [not of Hatai, 1907]; alexandrino-rattus (Fatio, 1902); alexandrinus (É. Geoffroy, 1803); alexandrinus (Desmarest, 1819); arboreus (Horsfield, 1851); arboricola (Gould, 1863); asiaticus (Gray, 1837); ater (Fitzinger, 1867); ater (Millais, 1905); atratus (Miller, 1902) [not of Philippi, 1900]; atridorsum (Miller, 1903); auratus (Grandidier, 1899); beccarii (Peters and Doria, 1881) [not Jentink, 1881]; brahminicus (Lloyd, 1909); brookei (Crew, 1923); caeruleus (Lesson, 1842); caledonicus (Wagner, 1842); ceylonus (Kelaart, 1850); chionogaster (Cabrera, 1921), chionogaster (Lönnberg and Mjoberg, 1916); coquimbensis (Philippi, 1900); crassipes (Blyth, 1859); cyaneus (Philippi, 1895) [not of Molina, 1782]; doboensis (de Beaufort, 1911); domesticus (Fitzinger, 1857); doriae (Trouessart, 1897); erythronotus (Temminck, 1844); flavescens (Elliot, 1839); flavigaster (Heuglin, 1861); flaviventris (Brants, 1827); frugivorus (Rafinesque, 1814); fuliginosus (Bonaparte, 1833); fulvaster (Fitzinger, 1867); fuscus (Fitzinger, 1857); galapagoensis (Waterhouse, 1830); girensis Hinton, 1918; griseocaeruleus (Higgins and Petterd, 1883); indicus (É. Geoffroy, 1803) [not Bechstein, 1800]; infralineatus (Blylth, 1863) [nomen nudum]; insularis (Waterhouse, 1838) [not Phillips, 1936]; intermedius (Ninni, 1882); jacobiae (Waterhouse, 1838); jujensis (Lönnberg, 1916); jurassicus (Burg, 1921); kandianus (Kelaart, 1850); kandiyanus (Kelaart, 1887); keelingensis Tate, 1950; kelaarti (Wroughton, 1915); kijabius (J. A. Allen, 1909); latipes (Bennett, 1835); leucogaster (Pictet, 1841); longicaudus Mori, 1937 [see Kaneko and Maeda, 2002]; muansae (Matschie, 1911); narbadae Hinton, 1918; nemoralis (Selys Longchamps, 1841) [not Blyth, 1851]; nericola Cabrera, 1921; novaezelandiae (Buller, 1871); osorninus (Philippi, 1900); personatus (Krefft, 1867); picteti (Schinz, 1845); rattiformis (Matschie, 1915); rattoides (Pictet and Pictet, 1844) [not of Hodgson, 1845]; rufescens (Gray, 1837); ruthenus Ognev and Stroganov, 1936; saltuum (Philippi, 1900); samharensis (Heuglin, 1877); setosus (Lund, 1841); siculae (Lesson, 1827); subcaeruleus (Lesson, 1842); subrufus (Philippi, 1900); sueirensis Cabrera, 1921; sylvestris (Pictet, 1841); tectorum (Savi, 1825); tetragonurus (Kelaart, 1850); tettensis (Peters, 1852); tompsoni (Ramsay, 1881); variabilis (Higgins and Petterd, 1883); varius (Fitzinger, 1867) wroughtoni Hinton, 1919.	Native to Indian Peninsula (Niethammer, 1975) and introduced worldwide in the temperate zone and parts of the tropical and subantarctic zones (Alcover and Gosalbez, 1988; Al-Jumaily, 1998; Amoti et al., 1999; Andreotti et al., 2001; Armitage, 1994; Aulagnier and Thevenot, 1986; Becker, 1978a; Blaaderen, 1992; Corbet and Hill, 1992; Crawford-Cabral, 1998; de Graaff, 1981; de Roguin, 1991; Dieterlen, 1979; Dobigny et al., 2002b; Downs and Wirminghaus, 1997; Duplantier et al., 1991b, 1997; Endepols et al., 2001; Gromov and Erbajeva, 1995; Grubb et al., 1998; Hall, 1981; Harrison and Bates, 1991; Helgen, 2001; Innes, 1990; Johnson, 1962a, b; Key et al., 1998; Krytufek, 1991; Krytufek and Vohralík, 2001; Kucheruk, 1994; Lay, 1967; Le Berre, 1990; Mahoney and Richardson, 1988; Meinig, 2000; Mitchell-Jones, et al., 1999; Niethammer, 1975; Osborn and Helmy, 1980; Osgood, 1943; Petrov, 1992; Prakash et al., 1995a, 1995b; Qumsiyeh, 1996; Ranck, 1968; Roberts, 1977, 1997; Smaha, 1996; Stanley et al., 1998, 2000, 2002; Taylor and Horner, 1973; Taylor et al., 1982; Tomich, 1986; Twigg, 1992; Vincent, 2001; Vohralík and Andera, 2000; Watts, 1995j; Yosida, 1980; Yosida et al., 1985). Southernmost limit is the subantarctic Macquarie Isl where R. rattus was introduced by sealers during the 19th century (Pye et al., 1999).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>Rattus rattus species group. Numerous cytogenetic studies focusing on the R. rattus complex, as summarized by Baverstock et al. (1983c), Bekasova and Mezhova (1983), Niethammer (1975), and Yosida (1980), have revealed two basic groups of populations. The Oceanian or European type has 2n = 38 (40 in some), the Asian type is characterized by 2n = 42; the two are also distinguished by biochemical features (Baverstock et al., 1983c) as well as morphological traits (Schwabe, 1979). An ongoing taxonomic study of the Rattus rattus complex by K. Aplin and H. Suzuki and their collaborators, has confirmed that separateness of the 2n = 38 populations (based on samples from four continents, but not yet including Indian samples) from the various East and Southeast Asian populations (Aplin et al., 2003c). Moreover, their studies indicate that the widespread introduced populations are genetically all very similar, consistent with progressive linea... [truncated]	Roof Rat
13001777	Rattus richardsoni	Tate 1949	SPECIES			richardsoni		Rattus	Muridae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.1421 p.1			New Guinea, Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya); recorded from three areas high in the Snow Mtns: Lake Habbema region, Mt Wilhelmina, and Mt Jaya (Carstensz Range), 3225-4500 m (Flannery, 1995a; Taylor et al., 1982).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Stenomys richardsoni.	Rattus leucopus species group. Described as an unusual and distinctive member of Rattus, but later provisionally associated with a "niobe group" (Tate, 1951), a relationship supported by multivariate analyses of morphometric variables (Taylor et al., 1982). Most specimens are from tussock grassland and tundra-like habitat (mainly rock or gravel interspersed with mats of herbs and grass tufts), regions that are cold and wet throughout the year (Flannery, 1995a; Taylor et al., 1982). Taylor et al. (1982) included omichlodes, but Flannery (1995a) correctly removed it from synonymy (see that account).	Richardsons New Guinea Mountain Rat
13800058	Cynopterus nusatenggara subsp. sinagai	Kitchener 1996	SUBSPECIES		sinagai	nusatenggara		Cynopterus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	[in Kitchener and Maharadatunkamsi, 1996]						
13001779	Rattus sanila	Flannery and White 1991	SPECIES			sanila		Rattus	Muridae	Rodentia	Nat. Geog. Res. Explor. vol.7 p.102			Apparently endemic to New Ireland.		Rattusspecies group unresolved. Represented only by subfossil fragments dated at 3000 years before present and older (late Pleistocene to mid-Holocene), but may still occur in primary forest, which has not been adequately sampled. Flannery and White (1991) described sanila as a subspecies of R. mordax, but most dental measurements of sanila exceed and do not overlap those of even the largest known R. mordax, suggesting the former to be a separate species, which even Flannery and White acknowledged (also see Flannery, 1995b). Recent taxonomic and stratigraphic analysis of rodent remains from New Ireland and Manus Isl has confirmed the specific status of sanila (K. P. Aplin and M. Leavesley, in litt., 2004). Although originally phylogenetically allied with R. mordax (Flannery and White, 1991), K. Aplin (in litt., 2004) noted that upper molars of R. sanila ". . . are very complex in comparison with typical New Guinea <i... [truncated]	New Ireland Forest Rat
13001780	Rattus satarae	Hinton 1918	SPECIES			satarae		Rattus	Muridae	Rodentia	J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. vol.26 p.87		A distinctive species with golden brown upperparts, white underparts, soft and dense fur, a very long tail relative to head and body length, and 2n = 42. Originally described as a subspecies of R. rattus  by Hinton (1918:88), who noted that it was "distinguished from all other Indian subspecies by its peculiar skull and relatively long tail." Sympatric with R. rattus (wroughtoni, 2n = 38) from which it is distinguished by its fur texture, dorsal coloration, very long tail, and cranial, molecular, and biochemical traits (Verneau et al., 1997:425; Usdin et al., 1995). Chromosomal studies had identified R. rattus wroughtoni with 2n = 42 and R. r. rufescens having 2n = 38 from S Western Ghats (Lakhotia et al., 1973; Gadi and Sharman, 1983). Samples used by Verneau et al. (1997) from the Nilgiri Hills consisted of both taxa. Gordon Corbet (in litt., 2003) examined their material and wrote that the "holotype and two paratypes of wroughtoni show all the cranial characters of the 2n = 38 group; hence this name cannot be applied to the form with 42 chromosomes," and noted that the holotype of satarae "agrees well with the karyotyped 2n = 42 group from S India in 10 out of 14 cranial characters, including the most important ones mentioned in the diagnosis." Because two distinct species of Rattus occur in the S Western Ghats, ecological information gathered from rats living there identified as only R. r. wroughtoni (e.g., Boshell-M and Rajagopalan, 1968; Chandrasekar-Rao and Sunquist, 1996; Rajagopalan, 1970) is not as useful as it could have been. Rattus satarae joins the other murines Mus famulus and Vandeleuria nilagirica, and the lion-tailed macaque (Macaca silenus) in being endemic to tropical rainforests along the Western Ghats.	Endemic to the Western Ghats and occurring in tropical evergreen rain forest. Records are from N part of the Western Ghats at and near the type locality (Hinton, 1918; Tiwari et al., 1971) and Nilgiri Hills (Tamil Nadu State) in the south (Verneau et al., 1997), which approximates the extent of tropical evergreen rain forest along the SW mountainous margin of SW peninsular India (see Morley, 2000:162); altitudinal range, 1500-2150 m (from data with specimens). Although wet, tropical forests once occurred along the length of the Western Ghats (Subramanyam and Nayer, 1974), they are presently reduced to small, isolated patches through conversion to agriculture and plantations (Chandrasekar-Rao and Sunquist, 1996); these forest islands between Satara region and Nilgiri Hills probably also contain R. satarae.			Sahyadris Forest Rat
13001781	Rattus simalurensis	Miller 1903	SPECIES			simalurensis		Rattus	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. vol.26 p.458		babi Lyon, 1916; lasiae Lyon, 1916.	Simalur Isl and nearby islands of Siumat, Lasia, and Babi.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Rattus rattus species group. The form simalurensis and its two synonyms were each listed as a separate subspecies of R. rattus by Chasen (1940), but simalurensis is distinct from R. rattus and in morphology represents larger-bodied island variants of R. tiomanicus (Musser, 1986; Musser and Califia, 1982; Musser and Heaney, 1985); simalurensis, babi, and lasiae were included in R. tiomanicus by Corbet and Hill (1992). Whether populations on the Simalur islands are distinct species or insular representatives of R. tiomanicus that occur off the margin of the continental shelf will have to be determined by systematic revision of the R. tiomanicus complex. Recent morphometric analyses indicate R. simalurensis to be more closely tied to R. burrus (Nicobar Isls), R. lugens (Mentawai Arch.), and R. adustus (Pulau Enggano) than to R. tioman... [truncated]	Simalur Archipelago Rat
13001782	Rattus sordidus	Gould 1857 "1858"	SPECIES			sordidus		Rattus	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1857 p.242		aramia  Troughton, 1937; brachyrhinus Tate and Archbold, 1935; bunae Troughton, 1946; conatus Thomas, 1923; gestri (Thomas, 1897); gestroi [misspelling of gestri first appearing in Laurie and Hill, 1954]; youngi Thomas, 1926.	Australia: E coast from tip of Cape York to NE New South Wales, and some off-shore islands (see Watts and Aslin, 1981:239, and Redhead, 1995b:662). New Guinea: lowlands south of Central Cordillera from Dobodura in E Papua New Guinea west and north to Koembe in Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya); sea level to 670 m (see Taylor et al., 1983:265, and Flannery, 1995a:335); also on Yule Isl, off the coast of SE Papua (Flannery, 1995b).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Rattus fuscipes species group. One of the two species of native Rattus in the New Guinea-Australian region that occurs on both land masses. On morphological evidence, Taylor and Horner (1973) arranged villosissimus and colletti as subspecies of R. sordidus. Later evaluations, however, using chromosomal, biochemical, and hybridization data, suggested the three should be viewed as separate species in the same monophyletic cluster (Baverstock et al., 1977d, 1983a, 1986), which is the way they are treated in current faunal accounts and catalogs (Mahoney and Richardson, 1988; Redhead, 1995b; Watts and Aslin, 1981).	Canefield Rat
13001783	Rattus steini	Rümmler 1935	SPECIES			steini		Rattus	Muridae	Rodentia	Z. Säugetierk. vol.10 p.115		baliemensis  Taylor and Calaby, 1982; försteri (Rümmler, 1935); hageni Troughton, 1937; rosalinda Hinton, 1943.	Mostly mid-montane elevations along Central Cordillera of the Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya) to C Papua New Guinea, as well as highlands along N coast and on Huon Peninsula; 20-2800 m; absent from the Vogelkop Peninsula, Trans-Fly region, and E Papua (see Taylor et al., 1982:243, and Flannery, 1995a:337).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Rattus leucopus species group. Until Taylor et al.'s (1982) revision, the distinctness of R. steini was obscured by its historical allocation at different times as a subspecies of R. leucopus, R. mordax, R. ringens (= R. leucopus), R. ruber (= R. nitidus), and Stenomys verecundus.	Steins New Guinea Rat
13001784	Rattus stoicus	Miller 1902	SPECIES			stoicus		Rattus	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. vol.24 p.759		rogersi  (Thomas, 1907); taciturnus (Miller, 1902).	Islands of Henry Lawrence, Little Andaman, and South Andaman in the Andaman Arch. (Musser and Newcomb, 1983).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Rattus rattus species group. Despite past confusion with Sundamys muelleri, R. stoicus is defined by a unique set of derived and primitive features and is endemic to the Andaman Isls (Musser and Heaney, 1985; Musser and Newcomb, 1983). Its closest phylogenetic ally within the R. rattus species complex has yet to be determined (Musser, 1986).	Andaman Archipelago Rat
14000173	Lynx rufus subsp. peninsularis	Thomas 1898	SUBSPECIES		peninsularis	rufus		Lynx	Felidae	Carnivora							
13001785	Rattus tanezumi	Temminck 1844	SPECIES			tanezumi		Rattus	Muridae	Rodentia	In Siebold, Temminck, and Schlegel. Fauna Japonica, Arnz et Socii, Lugduni Batavorum p.51		alangensis  Chasen, 1937; amboinensis Laurie and Hill, 1954; argyraceus Sody, 1941; auroreus Sody, 1941; barussanoides Sody, 1941; benguetensis [Hollister, 1913; see Musser, 1977a]; bhotia Hinton, 1918; brevicaudus Kuroda, 1952 [see Kaneko and Maeda, 2002]; brevicaudus Chakraborty, 1975; brunneus (Hodgson, 1845); brunneusculus (Hodgson, 1845); bullocki Roonwal, 1948; canna (Swinhoe, 1871); coloratus (Hollister, 1913); dammermani Thomas, 1921; dentatus (Miller, 1913); diardii (Jentink, 1880); exsul (Miller, 1913); flavipectus (Milne-Edwards, 1872); fortunatus (Miller, 1913); gangutrianus Hinton, 1919; germaini (Milne-Edwards, 1872); griseiventer (Bonhote, 1903); insulanus (Miller, 1913); kadanus Chasen, 1937; kelleri (Mearns, 1905); khyensis Hinton, 1919; kurokuma Kuroda, 1953 [unavailable; see Kaneko and Maeda, 2002]; kramensis Kloss, 1919; lalolis Tate and Archbold, 1935; lanensis Kloss, 1919; lontaris Chasen 1937; macmillani Hinton, 1919; makassarius Sody, 1941; makensis Kloss, 1916; mansorius Johnson, 1962; masaretes Sody, 1937; mesanis Kloss, 1919; mindanensis (Mearns, 1905); moheius Chasen, 1937; molliculus Robinson and Kloss, 1922; moluccarius Sody, 1933; neglectus (Jentink, 1880); nemoralis (Blyth, 1851) [not Selys Longchamps, 1841]; obiensis Sody, 1941; ouangthomae (Milne-Edwards, 1872); palelae Miller and Hollister, 1921; palembang Tate and Archbold, 1935; panjius Chasen, 1937; pannellus (Miller, 1913); pannosus (Miller, 1900); pelengensis Sody, 1941; pipidonis Chasen, 1937; poenitentiarii (Kloss, 1915); portus (Kloss, 1915); povolny Niethammer and Martens, 1975; pulliventer (Miller, 1902); rangensis (Kloss, 1916); robiginosus (Hollister, 1913); robinsoni Chasen, 1940; robustulus (Blyth, 1859); sakisimana Tokuda, 1939 [nomen nudum; see Kaneko and Maeda, 2002]; samati Sody, 1932; santalum Sody, 1932; sapoensis Sody, 1941; satarae Hinton, 1918; septicus Sody, 1933; shirokuma Kuroda, 1953 [unavailable; see Kaneko and Maeda, 2002]; sladeni (Anderson, 1879); sumbae Sody, 1930; tablasi Taylor, 1934; talaudensis Sody, 1941; tatkonensis Hinton, 1910; thai Kloss, 1917; tikos Hinton, 1919; tistae Hinton, 1918; toxi Sody, 1941; turbidus (Miller, 1913); yeni Dao, 1960; yunnanensis (Anderson, 1879); zamboangae (Mearns, 1905).	Apparently indigenous to SE Asia, from E Afghanistan (Niethammer and Martens, 1975) through C and S Nepal (below about 2000 m), Bhutan, N India, N Bangladesh and NE India into S and C China (including Hainan Isl), Korea, and mainland Indochina (including offshore islands) south to Isthmus of Kra; also probably native to Mergui Arch.; not found in the Andaman Isls and most of the Nicobar Isls. Whether native or introduced to Taiwan and Japan is unknown (but see Yosida and Harada, 1985; Japanese distribution reviewed by Kaneko, 1994). Most likely introduced to the Malay Peninsula and islands on the Sunda Shelf (Medway and Yong, 1976) and nearby archipelagos just off of the Shelf, including the Mentawais (Musser and Califia, 1982; Musser and Newcomb, 1983) and Nicobar Isls (the only museum records are the holotype of pulliventer from Great Nicobar Isl described by Miller, 1902, and BMNH 20.3.1907 from Little Nicobar Isl; Mussers identifications). Certainly introduced to the Philippines (Musser, 1977a; Heaney et al., 1998, summarized records), Sulawesi (Musser and Holden, 1991), and numerous islands east through the Moluccas and Nusa Tenggara (Flannery, 1995b; Musser, 1970a, 1972, 1981c) to W New Guinea (Flannery, 1995a; Sody, 1941), and farther east through Micronesia to islands of Eniwetok and Fiji (Johnson, 1962a, b), but not to the Samoas where R. rattus occurs (Yosida et al., 1985).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>Rattus rattus species group. The authority is usually cited as 1845, but was published in 1844 (Holthuis and Sakai, 1970). The name tanezumi is the oldest for the 2n = 42 group of Asian houserats that is distinguished from the 2n = 38/40 R. rattus not only by chromosomal characters but also morphological and biochemical traits (see account of R. rattus). The probable indigenous range is generally north and east of peninsular India (judged by Mussers study of material in AMNH, BMNH, FMNH, MZB, RMNH, USNM, and geographic distribution of karyotypes with 2n = 42; Duncan and Van Peenen, 1971; Gadi and Sharma, 1983; Markvong et al., 1973; Niethammer, 1975; Niethammer and Martens, 1975; Ray-Chaudhuri and Pathak, 1970; Raman and Sharma, 1974, 1977; Gill and Gupta, 1989; Tripathy et al., 1985; Yong, 1969; Yosida et al., 1971). In the southern portion of the Western Ghats (along SW peninsula in Karnataka and Maharashtra States) at Sagar, three indivi... [truncated]	Oriental House Rat
13001786	Rattus tawitawiensis	Musser and Heaney 1985	SPECIES			tawitawiensis		Rattus	Muridae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.2818 p.5			Greater Sulu Faunal Region. Known only from Tawitawi Isl in S part of Sulu Arch.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Rattus rattus species group. Still recorded by only three specimens. Phylogenetic affinities unclear; in some traits resembles Sulawesian R. hoffmanni and members of the Rattus palmarum-burrus-simalurensis-lugens clusters on the Nicobar, Simalur, and Mentawai islands more closely than any described Rattus from the Indo-Australian region (Musser and Heaney, 1985).	Tawitawi Forest Rat
13001787	Rattus timorensis	Kitchener, Aplin, and Boeadi 1991	SPECIES			timorensis		Rattus	Muridae	Rodentia	Rec. West. Aust. Mus. vol.15 p.446			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN  Data Deficient.	Rattus species-group unresolved. Represented only by the holotype. Some of the large series of subfossil fragments collected in E Timor by Glover (1986) may be this species. Phylogenetic affinities unknown and possibly not even a member of Rattus (Kitchener et al., 1991b). Albumin immunological analysis suggests a close phyletic affinity with Bunomys chrysocomus from Sulawesi and Komodomys rintjanus from Nusa Tenggara (Watts and Baverstock, 1994b); the close alliance between rintjanus and timorensis, and their great phylogenetic distance from Rattus, is supported by a recent unpublished allozyme electrophoresis study (K. Aplin, in litt., 2004). Recently, K. Helgen (in litt., 2003) collected an extant specimen from a forest fragment on Timor that is not R. timorensis, but an undescribed species that is also represented by large series in Glovers subfossil collections.	Timor Forest Rat
13001788	Rattus tiomanicus	Miller 1900	SPECIES			tiomanicus		Rattus	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. vol.2 p.212		ambersoni  Schwarz and Schwarz, 1967; banguei Chasen and Kloss, 1932; batin Robinson, 1916; delirius Sody, 1941; ducis (Lyon, 1911); fulmineus (Miller, 1913); generatius Sody, 1941; jalorensis (Bonhote, 1903); jarak (Bonhote, 1905); jemuris Chasen and Kloss, 1931; julianus (Miller, 1903); kabanicus Hill, 1960; kunduris Chasen and Kloss, 1931; lamucotanus (Lyon, 1911); lasurius Sody, 1941; luxuriosus Chasen, 1935; maerens (Miller, 1911); mangalumis Kloss, 1931; mara (Miller, 1913); pauper (Miller, 1913); payanus Chasen and Kloss, 1931; pemanggis Chasen, 1940; perhentianus Chasen, 1940; pharus Hill, 1960; piperis Schwarz and Schwarz, 1967; rhionis (Thomas and Wroughton, 1909); roa (Miller, 1913); roquei Sody, 1929; rumpia (Robinson and Kloss, 1911); sabae Medway, 1965; sebasianus Sody, 1941; siantanicus (Miller, 1900); sribuatensis Hill, 1960; tambelanicus (Miller, 1900); tenggolensis Yong, 1971; terutavensis Hill, 1960; tingius (Miller, 1913); tua (Miller, 1913); vernalus Sody, 1940; viclana (Miller, 1913).	Endemic to the Sunda Shelf and some offshore islands. Records on the Shelf are from peninsular Thailand south of Isthmus of Kra (10°30'N), the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Bali, Borneo, Palawan (see Heaney et al., 1998, for records from the Palawan Faunal Region), and many smaller islands. Off the Sunda Shelf, R. tiomanicus is documented from Enggano Isl, southwest of Sumatra, and Maratua Arch., east of Borneo (Musser and Calafia, 1982; Musser and Heaney, 1985).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>Rattus rattus species group. Reviewed by Musser and Califia (1982), who also summarized and provided references documenting the incorrect historical association of tiomanicus and the other synonyms listed here as subspecies of R. rattus. They also pointed out that careful study of inter-island variation among named forms of the R. tiomanicus complex is necessary before relationships among the insular populations can be discerned; more than one species may be represented in what is now viewed as R. tiomanicus. Millers (1942) blangorum from the Aceh region of N Sumatra, for example, was originally described as a species, then included in R. tiomanicus (Musser and Califia, 1982), and is here reinstated as a separate species (see account of R. blangorum).</p><p>Rattus mindorensis from Mindoro Isl in the Philippines; R. simalurensis from the islands of Babi, Lasia, Siumat, and Simalule, off... [truncated]	Malaysian Field Rat
13001789	Rattus tunneyi	Thomas 1904	SPECIES			tunneyi		Rattus	Muridae	Rodentia	Novit. Zool. vol.11 p.223		apex Troughton, 1939; austrinus Thomas, 1921; culmorum (Thomas and Dollman, 1909); dispar Brazenor, 1936; melvilleus Thomas, 1921; vallesius Thomas, 1921; woodwardi (Thomas, 1908).	Australia; NE and SW Western Australia, Northern Territory, E Queensland, and NE New South Wales. Also occurs on offshore islands. Recorded historically (holotype of austrinus probably from Kangaroo Isl; see Mahoney and Richardson, 1988:188), but otherwise only by subfossils (Robinson et al., 2000) from South Australia. Extant range vastly reduced from former distribution (see Taylor and Horner, 1973:89; Watts and Aslin, 1981; Braithwaite and Baverstock, 1995:663).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Rattus fuscipes species group. This species hybridized in the laboratory with R. colletti (Baverstock et al., 1983a, 1986). Revised by Taylor and Horner (1973) and reviewed by Watts and Aslin (1981), Mahoney and Richardson (1988), and Braithwaite and Baverstock (1995).	Australian Pale Field Rat
13001790	Rattus vandeuseni	Taylor and Calaby 1982	SPECIES			vandeuseni		Rattus	Muridae	Rodentia	In Taylor et al., Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.173 p.211			Recorded only from the Mt Dayman region at the E end of the Owen Stanley Range in Papua New Guinea, 1500-1540 m (Musser and Carleton, 1993; Musser and Lunde, ms).	IUCN  Endangered as Stenomys vandeuseni.	<p>Rattus leucopus species group. Cole et al. (1997) reported one example from an E ridge of Mt Dayman (identified by comparing it with two specimens from the type series) and noted that Flannery had indicated to them that most R. vandeuseni (in AM) from that area were from 1300 m. Flannery (1995a) also reported specimens from the Agaun Valley at 300 m (according to Cole et al., 1997), but it is unclear if these are from 300 m (in which case they should be reexamined to determine if they are really the lowland R. verecundus) or the specimens from 1300 m. We can only vouch that the type series, which we studied, represents a montane species morphologically distinguishable from the lower altitudinal R. verecundus.</p><p>Taylor and Calaby described vandeuseni as a subspecies of R. verecundus (Taylor et al., 1982), but its distinctive morphology and habitat indicate otherwise, as the describers even suggested, and as Flannery (1990b:2... [truncated]	Van Deusens New Guinea Mountain Rat
13001791	Rattus verecundus	Thomas 1904	SPECIES			verecundus		Rattus	Muridae	Rodentia	Novit. Zool. vol.11 p.598		mollis  Rümmler, 1935; tomba (Laurie, 1952); unicolor Rümmler, 1935.	New Guinea; from the Vogelkop region in W Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya) to easternmost Papua New Guinea; nearly all records are from Papua New Guinea; altitudinal range, 150 to 2750 m (Taylor et al., 1982:204, and Flannery, 1995a:345).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Stenomys verecundus.	Rattus leucopus species group. Revised by Taylor et al. (1982), who recognized three subspecies: mollis, unicolor, and verecundus. Chromosomal morphology discussed by Dennis and Menzies (1978). Leary and Seri (1997) described the distribution in the Kikori River Basin in S Papua where R. verecundus occurs sympatrically with R. niobe at the upper altitudinal part of its range and Rattus leucopus at the lower end.	New Guinea slender Rat
13001792	Rattus villosissimus	Waite 1898	SPECIES			villosissimus		Rattus	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. R. Soc. Victoria vol.10 p.125		longipilis  (Gould, 1854) [not Waterhouse, 1837]; profusus Thomas, 1921.	Australia; broad inland range from NW Western Australia through Northern Territory into most of Queensland and N South Australia and N New South Wales (see Watts and Aslin, 1981:245); fossils indicate a past broader range once extended across the Nullarbor Plain to the Great Australian Bight (Watts and Aslin, 1981; Watts, 1995k). Range in South Australia summarized by Robinson et al. (2000).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Rattus fuscipes species group. Geographic range is allopatric to the coastal R. sordidus in Queensland and R. colletti in Northern Territory (see Taylor and Horner, 1973:72). The three species are closely related; villosissimus was treated as a subspecies of R. sordidus by Taylor and Horner (1973), but is considered genically closer to colletti by Baverstock et al. (1983a, 1986); see accounts of R. sordidus and R. colletti. An undescribed species related to R. villosissimus and R. colletti is known from a small area in C Queensland (Aplin, in litt., 2004). Analyses of electrophoretic data by Gemmeke and Niethammer (1984) indicated R. villosissimus to be greatly separated from R. argentiventer, R. exulans, R. norvegicus, and R. tiomanicus, and closer to species of Bandicota and Maxomys. Reviewed by Mahoney a... [truncated]	Australian Long-haired Rat
13001793	Rattus xanthurus	Gray 1867	SPECIES			xanthurus		Rattus	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1867 p.598		faberi  (Jentink, 1883); paraxanthus (Sody, 1941).	NE Sulawesi only, from vicinity of Teluk Kuandang (0°50'N, 122°52'E) eastward in NE region of N peninsula of Sulawesi.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Rattus xanthurus species group. See Musser (1971c-e, 1984) for justification behind allocation of synonyms. One of the larger-bodied members of this complex, which includes R. bontanus, R. marmosurus, R. salocco, and R. pelurus. Occurs sympatrically with R. marmosurus on the NE Peninsula. Sody (1941) included xanthurus in Taeromys. Although the R. xanthurus group may eventually be removed from Rattus (Musser and Holden, 1991), it does not belong in Taeromys (Musser, ms).	Northeastern Xanthurus Rat
13001794	Rhabdomys	Thomas 1916	GENUS					Rhabdomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.18 p.69	Mus pumilio Sparrman, 1784.				<p>ArvicanthisDivision. Morphological traits place Rhabdomys in a group containing species of Arvicanthis, Lemniscomys, Mylomys, and Pelomys (Musser, 1987b), which is corroborated by analysis of mitochondrial gene sequences (cytochrome b, 12S and 16S rRNA gene fragments), and also includes Desmomys (Ducroz et al., 2001). The sequence data of Ducroz et al. also indicate that within this arvicanthine cluster, Rhabdomys and Desmomys are members of a lineage separate from that comprised of only Lemniscomys, and from another containing Arvicanthis, Mylomys, and Pelomys. Analysis of microcomplement fixation of albumin groups Rhabdomys with Lemniscomys, Pelomys, Grammomys, and Thallomys (Watts and Baverstock, 1995a).</p><p>When Wroughton (1905b) reviewed R. pumilio, he distinguished four morphological groups, each with d... [truncated]	
13001795	Rhabdomys dilectus	De Winton 1897	SPECIES			dilectus		Rhabdomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1896 p.803		Definition of R. dilectus  generally follows Rambau et al. (2003), who sampled populations in South Africa, W Zimbabwe, Nyika Plateau in Malawi, and Mt. Elgon in Uganda. The species occurs in mesic grasslands and savannas in southern Africa (probably the more mesic of the six biotic zones of southern Africa in which Rhabdomys occurs; Yom-Tov, 1993) but north of that region (in SE Demo Rep. Congo, NE Zambia, Malawi, Tanzania, Kenya, and Uganda) is restricted to disjunct montane savannas (e. g., Delany, 1975; Hollister, 1919; and other references cited above for regions north of South Africa, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique).	E South Africa (Rambau et al., 2003), E Zimbabwe (Smithers and Wilson, 1979), WC Mozambique (Smithers and Lobao Tello, 1976), Malawi (Nyika Plateau and Mulanje Massif; Ansell and Dowsett, 1988), NE Zambia (Nyika Plateau; Ansell, 1978), SE Dem. Rep. Congo (Kasaki, Marungu Mtns, 2300 m; Hatt, 1940b), highlands in Tanzania (Grimshaw et al., 1995; Shore and Garbett, 1991; Swynnerton and Hayman, 1951; Vesey-Fitzgerald, 1966), Kenya (Hollister, 1919), E Uganda (Mt. Elgon; Clausnitzer, 2001; Clausnitzer and Kityo, 2001; Delany, 1975), and S and C Angola (Crawford-Cabral, 1998; Hill and Carter, 1941); all referred to as P. pumilio except Rambau et al. (2003).	algoae Roberts, 1946; angolae (Wroughton, 1905); bethuliensis Roberts, 1946; chakae (Wroughton, 1905); cradockensis Roberts, 1946; diminutus (Thomas, 1893); griquoides Roberts, 1946; moshesh (Wroughton, 1905); nyasae (Wroughton, 1905); vaalensis Roberts, 1946.	<p>Definition of R. dilectus generally follows Rambau et al. (2003), who sampled populations in South Africa, W Zimbabwe, Nyika Plateau in Malawi, and Mt. Elgon in Uganda. The species occurs in mesic grasslands and savannas in southern Africa (probably the more mesic of the six biotic zones of southern Africa in which Rhabdomys occurs; Yom-Tov, 1993) but north of that region (in SE Demo Rep. Congo, NE Zambia, Malawi, Tanzania, Kenya, and Uganda) is restricted to disjunct montane savannas (e. g., Delany, 1975; Hollister, 1919; and other references cited above for regions north of South Africa, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique).</p><p>Two species occur in Angola. Rhabdomys pumilio occupies only the southwestern Namib desert of Angola (see account below); it is their sample from here that Carter and Hill (1941:102) identified as R. bechuanae. The other is represented by populations occurring over most of the Angolan Plateau. Rambau et al. (2003) did not sample Angola, ... [truncated]	Mesic Four-striped Grass Rat
13001803	Solomys ponceleti	Troughton 1935	SPECIES			ponceleti		Solomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Rec. Aust. Mus. vol.19 p.260			Solomon Isls; endemic to islands of Buka, Bougainville, and Choiseul (Flannery, 1995b; Flannery and Wickler, 1990); sample from Buka Isl represented only by fossils.	IUCN  Endangered.	An arboreal species that builds stick nests high in large tall trees and known by a few extant specimens and archaeological fragments (Flannery et al., 1988; Flannery and Wickler, 1990). Reviewed by Flannery (1995b).	Poncelets Solomys
13001796	Rhabdomys pumilio	Sparrman 1784	SPECIES			pumilio		Rhabdomys	Muridae	Rodentia	K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl. Stockholm p.236		bechuanae  (Thomas, 1893); cinereus (Thomas and Schwann, 1904); deserti (Dollman, 1910); donavani (Lesson, 1827); fouriei Roberts, 1946; griquae (Wroughton, 1905); intermedius (Wroughton, 1905); lineatus (F. Cuvier, 1829); major (Brants, 1827); meridionalis (Wroughton, 1905); namaquensis Roberts, 1946; namibensis Roberts, 1926; orangiae Roberts, 1946; prieskae Roberts, 1946; septemvittatus (Schinz, 1845); typicus (Sclater, 1899); vittatus (Wagner, 1842).	Xeric grasslands and savannas from W South Africa north through Namibia and C and S Botswana to SW Angola.	IUCN  Data Deficient.	As defined by Rambau et al. (2003), P. pumilio is endemic to the Southern African Subregion. Rambau et al. did not sample populations from Angola or Botswana, but we regard Hill and Carters (1941:102) record of "R. bechuanae" from the Namib desert in southwestern Angola as an extension of P. pumilio through Namibia (see accounts above). Most of Botswana is covered by arid savanna, and records of Rhabdomys from there (see de Graaff, 1997e; Smithers, 1971) are likely P. pumilio and not P. dilectus, which occupies mesic grasslands and savannas (Rambau et al., 2003).	Xeric Four-striped Grass Rat
13001797	Rhagamys	Major 1905	GENUS					Rhagamys	Muridae	Rodentia	Geol. Mag. vol.Dec. 5, 2 p.503	Mus orthodon Hensel, 1856.				ApodemusDivision. Redescribed by Schaub (1938), revised by Brandy (1978) and Martín Suárez and Mein (1998). Consists of two extinct species known only from the Mediterranean islands of Corsica and Sardinia. Martín Suárez and Mein (1998:92) explained that "When Forsyth Major (1905) created the genus Rhagamys he considered it to be closer to the group Mäuse (that is what we now call Apodemus and Micromys) than to the group Ratten (what we call Mus and Rattus)."	
13001798	Rhagamys orthodon	Hensel 1856	SPECIES			orthodon		Rhagamys	Muridae	Rodentia	Z. Dtsch. Geol. Ges. p.281			Recorded only from Corsica and Sardinia (Kotsakis, 1980; Caloi et al., 1986; Martín Suárez and Mein, 1998; Alcover et al., 1998; Pereira et al., 2001).	Extinct.	<p>An extinct insular species that was large in body size (up to 50 grams; Libois et al., 1993) compared with its continental ancestors, and with bulky, high-crowned molars. Represented only by fossils recovered from late Pleistocene to Holocene sediments (Sondaar et al., 1984; Sondaar, 2000; Amori, 1993; Vigne, 1988; Pereira et al., 2001). A smaller species, minor, known by fossils from early and middle Pleistocene deposits on both islands, was described as a species of Rhagamys (Brandy, 1978; Pereira et al., 2001; Sondaar, 2000) but later transferred to Rhagapodemus. This extinct genus dates back to late Miocene, and all the other species are represented by fossils from the Mediterranean continental mainland (Martín Suárez and Mein, 1998); Rhagapodemus minor has never been found in late Pleistocene horizons on Corsica or Sardinia, the time zone during which Rhagamys orthodon is first recorded. Rhagamys orthodon coexisted with the introduced <... [truncated]	Tyrrhenian Field Rat
13001799	Rhynchomys	Thomas 1895	GENUS					Rhynchomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.16 p.160	Rhynchomys soricoides Thomas, 1895.				ChrotomysDivision. Member of the Philippine Old Endemics (Musser and Heaney, 1992). Considered the only genus in Rhynchomyinae by Thomas (1896), who later included Echiothrix (Thomas, 1898b). Phylogenetic analyses of complete mtDNA cytochrome b sequences for 13 of the 16 genera of endemic Philippine murines place Rhynchomys in a clade containing Apomys, Chrotomys (including Celaenomys), and Archboldomys (Jansa and Heaney, 2001), which is supported by chromosomal data (Rickart and Heaney, 2002). The species of Philippine shrew rats in Rhynchomys, Chrotomys (including Celaenomys), and Archboldomys are unrelated to the other groups of shrew rats endemic to either Sulawesi or the Australia-New Guinea region (Musser and Heaney, 1992).	
13001800	Rhynchomys isarogensis	Musser and Freeman 1981	SPECIES			isarogensis		Rhynchomys	Muridae	Rodentia	J. Mammal. vol.62 p.154			Greater Luzon Faunal Region. Known only from Mt Isarog, Luzon, in montane forest formations from 1125 to 1750 m (Heaney et al., 1998; Rickart et al., 1991).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Distributional and ecological information summarized by Heaney et al. (1999). Standard karyotype (2n = 44, FN = 52; Rickart and Musser, 1993; Rickart and Heaney, 2002) indistinguishable from those of Chrotomys silaceus (recorded as Celaenomys) and C. gonzalesi (Rickart and Heaney, 2002).	Isarog Rhynchomys
13001801	Rhynchomys soricoides	Thomas 1895	SPECIES			soricoides		Rhynchomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.16 p.160			Greater Luzon Faunal Region; recorded only from Mt Data in the Central Cordillera (Largen, 1985; Sanborn, 1952a; Thomas, 1895) and Kalinga Province (Rickart, in litt.), but probably occurs elsewhere in montane forest formations in N Luzon.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Northern Luzon Rhynchomys
13001802	Solomys	Thomas 1922	GENUS					Solomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.9 p.261	Uromys sapientis Thomas, 1902.	Unicomys Troughton, 1935.			<p>UromysDivision. Member of the New Guinea region Old Endemics (Musser, 1981c). Included in Melomys by Ellerman (1941:226), then transferred to Uromys by Tate (1951:312), but finally recognized again as a distinct genus (Flannery and Wickler, 1990; Laurie and Hill, 1954:128). Traditionally allied with Uromys and Melomys (Menzies, 1990; Misonne, 1969; Simpson, 1961; Tate, 1951), and analysis of albumin immunology linked Solomys "closely with a group of Melomys species represented by M. cervinipes" (Watts and Baverstock, 1994a:301). Sperm head morphology, however, is unusual among murines and unlike that characteristic of species in Uromys and Melomys (Breed, 1997; Breed and Aplin, 1994). Membership of Solomys in the Uromys cluster should be tested by phylogenetic analyses of morphological and molecular data.</p><p>Species of Solomys are arboreal and endemic to the Solomon Isls. Ther... [truncated]	
13800298	Pteropus hypomelanus subsp. enganus	Miller 1906	SUBSPECIES		enganus	hypomelanus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						subnigerspecies group.	
13001808	Sommeromys	Musser and Durden 2002	GENUS					Sommeromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.3368 p.4	Sommeromys macrorhinos Musser and Durden, 2002.				CrunomysDivision. Monotypic and represented only by the holotype. Morphology of skin, skull, dentition, and stomach described and contrasted with other murines, particularly the Sulawesian shrew rats (Melasmothrix, Tateomys, and Echiothrix) and Sulawesi and Philippine shrew mice (Crunomys) by Musser and Durden (2002). Certain derived cranial osteological and cephalic arterial complexes suggest affinity with Crunomys; otherwise, Sommeromys has no close morphological or phylogenetic affinity with any other described Sulawesian endemic. It may be a highly specialized relict of a group that diverged early from the Miocene Progonomys like murine ancestral stock.	
13001809	Sommeromys macrorhinos	Musser and Durden 2002	SPECIES			macrorhinos		Sommeromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.3368 p.7			Recorded only from tropical upper montane rain forest at the type locality.		Gracile, insectivorous, nocturnal, scansorial, and arboreal. The species is unique among murines in morphology of its highly specialized rostral region, tail, feet and digits (Musser and Durden, 2002). Member of montane forest species known only from mountainous C Sulawesi (Musser and Durden, 2002; Musser and Holden, 1991).	Sommers Sulawesi Rat
13001810	Spelaeomys	Hooijer 1957	GENUS					Spelaeomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Zool. Meded. Leiden vol.35 p.306	Spelaeomys florensis Hooijer, 1957.				PogonomysDivision. Reviewed by Musser (1981c), who also recorded past opinions about phylogenetic affinities of Spelaeomys, noted that it is not closely related to the other Nusa Tenggara endemics Hooijeromys, Komodomys, Papagomys, or Paulamys, and hypothesized that "Spelaeomys belongs with the old native genera of New Guinea, possibly Australia, and likely Timor." Molar occlusal patterns and configuration of unreported cranial fragments (studied by Musser) resemble a giant version of species in New Guinea Pogonomys and Chiruromys. But additional data is required to test this notion of cladistic membership with the New Guinea endemics in the Pogonomys Division. The alternative hypothesis relates Spelaeomys to members of the Pithecheir Division, which is centered on the Sunda Shelf and Sulawesi. Two genera in that Division, Sundaic Lenothrix and Sulawesian Lenomys also have... [truncated]	
13001811	Spelaeomys florensis	Hooijer 1957	SPECIES			florensis		Spelaeomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Zool. Meded. Leiden vol.35 p.306			Known only from Flores Isl.	IUCN  Extinct.	A large-bodied, probably arboreal frugivore and folivore represented only by subfossil fragments (3000-4000 years old). The species may still live on Flores, possibly other nearby islands, and should be sought in any remnants of tropical evergreen rainforest.	Flores Island Spelaeomys
13001812	Srilankamys	Musser 1981	GENUS					Srilankamys	Muridae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.168 p.268	Rattus ohiensis Phillips, 1929.				DacnomysDivision. A montane insular relict with possible phylogenetic ties to Chiromyscus and Niviventer, but not to Rattus (Musser, 1981b). The genus also exhibits some morphological traits characteristic of Maxomys; its inclusion in the Dacnomys Division has to be tested by broader character analyses that includes chromosomal and molecular data.	
13001813	Srilankamys ohiensis	Phillips 1929	SPECIES			ohiensis		Srilankamys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ceylon J. Sci., Sec. B vol.15 p.167			Primary lowland tropical and montane evergreen rainforest formations on mountains in Uva and Central Provinces of Sri Lanka between 915 and 2135 m (Phillips, 1980).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Musser (1981b) described the history of past and incorrect allocations of ohiensis to groups that are now recognized as Apomys, Lenothrix, Leopoldamys, Maxomys, Niviventer, and Rattus.	Phillipss Srilankamys
13001814	Stenocephalemys	Frick 1914	GENUS					Stenocephalemys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Carnegie Mus. vol.9 p.7	Stenocephalemys albocaudata Frick, 1914.				StenocephalemysDivision. An Ethiopian endemic that is phylogenetically related to species of Praomys, Mastomys, Myomyscus, Heimyscus, and Hylomyscus (Lecompte et al., 2002b). Significance of analyses of craniodental and phallic structure, allozymes, chromosomal data, partial mitochondrial 16S rRNA and complete mtDNA cytochrome b gene sequences, and geometric morphometrics from samples of S. albipes, S. albocaudata, and S. griseicauda (Corti et al., 1999; Fadda and Corti, 2000; Fadda et al., 2001a; Lavrenchenko et al., 1999, 2000; Lecompte et al., 2002b) are discussed in accounts that follow. Statistical summaries of external measurements from large series of S. albocaudata and S. griseicauda reported by Sillero-Zubiri (1995a), and the habitat preferences of these two species, abundance, and biomass in relation to predation by the endangered Ethiopian wolf... [truncated]	
13700565	Sorex pacificus subsp. cascadensis	Carraway 1990	SUBSPECIES		cascadensis	pacificus	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700596	Sorex stizodon	Merriam 1895	SPECIES			stizodon	unnamed subgenus, see comments	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	N. Am. Fauna vol.10 p.98			Endemic to Mexico; known only from the type locality and the Reserva Ecológica Huitepec in Chiapas (Carraway, ms).	IUCN  Endangered.	Referred to unnamed subgenus by George (1988:456). Similar to ventralis (Junge and Hoffmann, 1981).	San Cristobal Shrew
13001837	Tateomys macrocercus	Musser 1982	SPECIES			macrocercus		Tateomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.174 p.64			Known only between 1980 and 2286 m in tropical upper montane rain forest on Gunung Nokilalaki, but probably occurs in other mountainous regions of C Sulawesi.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Stomach morphology of T. macrocercus, which is scansorial, nocturnal, and vermivorous, described and compared with the arboreal and insectivorous Sommeromys and other Sulawesian endemics by Musser and Durden (2002).	Long-tailed Sulawesian Shrew Rat
13001815	Stenocephalemys albipes	Rüppell 1842	SPECIES			albipes		Stenocephalemys	Muridae	Rodentia	Mus. Senckenberg. vol.3 p.107		alettensis  (Frick, 1914); ankoberensis (Frick, 1914); leucopus (Fitzinger, 1867); minor (Heuglin, 1877).	Ethiopia; endemic to Ethiopian Plateau between 800-3300 m (Van der Straeten and Dieterlen, 1983; Yalden and Largen, 1992; Yalden et al., 1976, 1996).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt) as Myomys albipes.	<p>Usually listed as either a species of Myomys (G. M. Allen, 1939), Myomyscus (Davis, 1965), or Praomys (Yalden et al., 1976, 1996). Morphometric traits related albipes closely to species of Stenocephalemys and what was described as Praomys ruppi (Van der Straeten and Dieterlen, 1983). Furthermore, qualitative external, cranial (see Rupp, 1980: Fig. 5), and molar (see illustrations in Misonne, 1969) features of albipes are more similar to species of Stenocephalemys than to other species in Myomys (= Myomyscus). Musser and Carleton (1993) noted that "The phylogenetic significance of this morphologically annectant relationship of M. albipes between other Myomys and Stenocephalemys needs to be assessed by taxonomic revision of both groups." Analyses of chromosomal data (Corti et al., 1995, 1999; Lavrenchenko et al., 1999), allozymic information (Lavrenchenko et al., 1999, 2000), partial 16S ... [truncated]	White-footed Stenocephalemys
13001816	Stenocephalemys albocaudata	Frick 1914	SPECIES			albocaudata		Stenocephalemys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Carnegie Mus. vol.9 p.8			Ethiopia; endemic to the eastern plateau (eastern side of Rift Valley), 3000-4050 m.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Inhabits the Afro-alpine moorland where it occurs with Arvicanthis blicki, Lophuromys melanonyx, and Tachyoryctes macrocephalus, which are also moorland specialists (Rupp, 1980; Yalden, 1988; Yalden and Largen, 1992). Chromosomal data reported by Corti et al. (1995, 1999) and Lavrenchenko et al. (1999). Yalden et al. (1996) cited Schlitter who claimed he caught the species on Mt Entoto (north of Addis Ababa), which would extend the range to the highlands west of the Rift Valley but that record requires verification.	White-tailed Stenocephalemys
13001817	Stenocephalemys griseicauda	F. Petter 1972	SPECIES			griseicauda		Stenocephalemys	Muridae	Rodentia	Mammalia vol.36 p.171			Ethiopia; S and N highlands, 2400-3900 m (Demeter and Topal, 1982; Yalden, 1988; Yalden and Largen, 1992).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Another Ethiopian mountain endemic that overlaps altitudinally with S. albocaudata but occupies bushy areas rather than moorland (Yalden, 1988). Chromosomal data documented by Corti et al. (1999) and Lavrenchenko et al. (1999). Distribution in isolated Harenna Forest of S Ethiopia documented by Lavrenchenko (2000). Yalden et al. (19965) cited Schlitter as collecting this species and S. albocaudata on Mt Entoto north of Addis Ababa, which would be west of the Rift Valley, but those records have yet to be documented by publication.	Gray-tailed Stenocephalemys
13001818	Stenocephalemys ruppi	Van der Straeten and Dieterlen 1983	SPECIES			ruppi		Stenocephalemys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mus. R. Afr. C. vol.237 p.121			Ethiopia; known only from Bonke and Bulta in the Gamo Gofa region of SW Ethiopia, 2700-3200 m (Rupp, 1980; Van der Straeten and Dieterlen, 1983; Yalden and Largen, 1992)	IUCN  Vulnerable as Myomys ruppi.	Originally described as a species of Praomys based on material collected by Rupp (1980), who illustrated the skull as "Praomys albipes, stenocephaler Typ" (p. 92). Musser and Carleton (1993) wrote that "M. ruppi combines morphological features of both M. albipes and Stenocephalemys, an observation reinforced by morphometric analyses (Van der Straeten and Dieterlen, 1983). Were it not for the long tail of M. ruppi (a trait shared with M. albipes), the species could as easily be included within Stenocephalemys." In their canonical analysis of ruppi, albipes, and S. griseicauda, Van der Straeten and Dieterlen (1983) derived scores for ruppi that fell between those representing the other two species, but portrayed ruppi as being overall more closely related to S. griseicauda. Fadda and Corti (2000) disagreed with that assessment, noting that in their study "ruppi shares centro... [truncated]	Rupps Stenocephalemys
13001819	Stochomys	Thomas 1926	GENUS					Stochomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.17 p.176	Dasymys longicaudatus Tullberg, 1893.				HybomysDivision. Listed as a genus by G. M. Allen (1939), but allocated to Rattus as a subgenus by Ellerman (1941). D. H. S. Davis (1965) placed Stochomys in Aethomys as a subgenus, which reflected Thomas' (1915) early allocation of longicaudatus to subgenus Aethomys. Misonne (1969) and Rosevear (1969), however, reinstated the generic status of Stochomys, correctly noting that it was distinctive and not closely related to Rattus. It has been phylogenetically associated with Dephomys (D. H. S. Davis, 1965; Misonne, 1969; an alliance supported by our study of specimens), but Van der Straeten (1984) considered it unrelated to that genus, as reflected by multivariate analysis of morphometric variation. His conclusion, however, derives from analysis of continuous variables and neglected discrete differences in character traits, and the resulting tree is a phenogram of shape-size similarity, not a cladogram reflecting shared-deri... [truncated]	
13001820	Stochomys longicaudatus	Tullberg 1893	SPECIES			longicaudatus		Stochomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Nova Acta Reg. Soc. Sci. Uppsala, ser. 3 vol.16 p.36		hypoleucus  (Pucheran, 1855) [not Sundevall]; ituricus (Thomas, 1915); sebastianus (De Winton, 1897).	Tropical evergreen forest; recorded from Togo, S Nigeria, Central African Republic, Cameroon, Gabon, Dem. Rep. Congo, and Uganda.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Rosevear (1969) described the historical allocations of longicaudatus to Aethomys, Dasymys, Epimys, Mus, Rattus, and Stochomys. Morphometric analyses, which resulted in distinguishing two distinct subspecies, reported by Van der Straeten (1984).	Target Rat
13001821	Sundamys	Musser and Newcomb 1983	GENUS					Sundamys	Muridae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.174 p.401	Mus muelleri Jentink, 1879.				RattusDivision. Endemic to the Malay Peninsula and islands on the Sunda Shelf. Revised by Musser and Newcomb (1983), whose analysis of morphological traits placed it phylogenetically closer to Rattus and Kadarsanomys than to other Sundaic genera. The close relationship to Rattus is corroborated by albumin immunology (Watts and Baverstock, 1994b, 1995b, 1996), spermatozoal morphology (Breed and Yong, 1986), and analyses of LINE-1 retrotransposons (Verneau et al., 1997, 1998).	
13001822	Sundamys infraluteus	Thomas 1888	SPECIES			infraluteus		Sundamys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.2 p.409		atchinus (Miller, 1942).	Gunung Kinabalu, 920-2930 m (Md Nor, 2001), and Gunung Trus Madi in Sabah; W mountain chain of Sumatra, 700-2400 m.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	A montane species related to S. muelleri, which occurs at middle altitudes and lowlands; narrowly sympatric with it on both N Borneo and Sumatra. Specimens from each island differ slightly in pelage tone and craniodental dimensions and proportions, but the sample from Sumatra (atchinus) is small and significance of the differences between it and the much larger series from Sabah requires study of more material from Sumatra (Musser and Newcomb, 1983).	Mountain Sundamys
13001859	Uromys emmae	Groves and Flannery 1994	SPECIES			emmae	Uromys	Uromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Rec. Aust. Mus. vol.46 p.159			Recorded only from Pulau Awai, but may also occur on adjacent Biak and Supiori Isls (Flannery, 1995b).		Subgenus Uromys. Still known only by the holotype. Morphologically and phylogenetically most closely related to the Australian-New Guinea U. caudimaculatus and NE Australian U. hadrourus (Groves and flannery, 1994).	Emmas Uromys
13001823	Sundamys maxi	Sody 1932	SPECIES			maxi		Sundamys	Muridae	Rodentia	Natuurh. Maandbl. Maastricht. vol.21 p.157			Known only from W Java, 900-1350 m.	IUCN  Endangered.	Described as a species of Rattus (Sody, 1932), later treated as a subspecies of R. infraluteus (Chasen, 1940), but shown to be a very distinctive species and member of the suite of endemic Javanese murines (Musser and Newcomb, 1983; see account of Kadarsanomys sodyi). Still only represented by specimens collected between 1932 and 1935 by Max Bartels Jr. Phylogenetic relationship may be closer to S. muelleri than to S. infraluteus as judged by morphology. This is the only species of Sundamys known to occur on Java and the only one with a derived cephalic arterial pattern.	Javan Sundamys
13001824	Sundamys muelleri	Jentink 1879	SPECIES			muelleri		Sundamys	Muridae	Rodentia	Notes Leyden Mus. vol.2 p.16		balabagensis  (Sanborn, 1952); balmasus (Lyon, 1916); borneanus (Miller, 1913); campus (Robinson and Kloss, 1916); chombolis (Lyon, 1909); crassus (Lyon, 1911); credulus (Chasen, 1940); culionensis (Sanborn, 1952); domitor (Miller, 1903); firmus (Miller, 1902); foederis (Robinson and Kloss, 1911); integer (Miller, 1901); otiosus (Chasen, 1935); pinatus (Lyon, 1916); pollens (Miller, 1913); potens (Miller, 1913); sebucus (Lyon, 1911); terempa (Chasen and Kloss, 1928); valens (Miller, 1913); validus (Miller, 1900); victor (Miller, 1913); virtus (Lyon, 1916); waringensis (Sody, 1941).	Endemic to large and small islands and penninsula on the Sunda Shelf south of the Isthmus of Kra (10E30' N): SW peninsular Burma, peninsular Thailand, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, and Palawan; and on the smaller islands of Siantan (Anamba Isl), many of the Riau Isls, Tuangku and Bangkuru (Banjak Isls), Mansalar (W Sumatra), Pinie, Tanahmasa and Tanahbala (Batu Isls), Banka, Bunguan and Serasan (Natuna Isls), Karimata Isl (SW Borneo), Sebuku (SE Borneo), Balembangan and Banggi (N Borneo), and Balabac, Culion, and Busuanga (Palawan Faunal Region). Older published records from islands off Sunda Shelf (Nicobars, for example) proved to represent other species (all but the Karimata records are documented in the gazetteer and range maps in Musser and Newcomb, 1983; specimens in UMMZ and MZB were obtained on Karimata Isl by A. J. Gorog in 2000). Does not occur on Java.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>Morphological, chromosomal, and spermatozoal data suggested S. muelleri is a distant relative of Rattus but in the same monophyletic clade (Breed and Yong, 1986; Musser and Newcomb, 1983; Watts and Baverstock, 1994b). Like Maxomys surifer, which also has an extensive insular distribution on the Sunda Shelf (see that account), nearly every island sample of S. muelleri was described as a separate subspecies, some based on real differences in pelage coloration and body size, others diagnosed primarily by their insular distribution (see history in Musser and Newcomb, 1983). There are detectable differences among some samples. Populations from SW Burma, Peninsular Thailand, and the Malay Peninsula, for example, are significantly larger in body size than those from elsewhere on the Sunda Shelf and may be a separate species (Musser and Newcomb, 1983). Phylogenetic analyses of gene sequences from insular and peninsular samples of S. muelleri ... [truncated]	Müllers Sundamys
13001825	Taeromys	Sody 1941	GENUS					Taeromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Treubia vol.18 p.260	Mus (Gymnomys) celebensis Gray, 1867.	Arcuomys Sody, 1941.			<p>RattusDivision. A Sulawesi endemic. Formerly included in Rattus by Ellerman (1949a), and in subgenus Bullimus of Rattus by Misonne (1969), but considered a distinct genus by Musser (1981c, 1984, 1987) and Musser and Newcomb (1983); albumin immunology nestles Taeromys in a Rattus clade (also containing Sundamys, Bunomys, Komodomys, Stenomys, Bullimus, Bandicota, Nesokia, Paruromys, Papagomys, and Berylmys; Watts and Baverstock, 1994b, 1995b, 1996). Partially reviewed and contrasted with Sundaic Sundamys by Musser and Newcomb (1983). Marked interspecific contrasts in spermatozoal morphology evident among species and reflected by differences in cranial and dental traits (Breed and Musser, 1991). Sody (1941:260) proposed nine new genera, each diagnosed by mammary formula. Among these were Taeromys and Arcuomys, whi... [truncated]	
13001826	Taeromys arcuatus	Tate and Archbold 1935	SPECIES			arcuatus		Taeromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.802 p.9			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Closest relative is an undescribed species in mountains of C Sulawesi (Musser and Holden, 1991; Musser, ms). This geographic pattern, in which a species in the central part of the island has a close ally on the SE Peninsula, is repeated by Taeromys callitrichus (central) and T. microbullatus (southeast), an undescribed species of Maxomys (central) and M. dollmani (southeast), and Rattus marmosurus (central) and R. salocco (southeast). Sody (1941) proposed Arcuomys for arcuatus.	Southeastern Mountain Taeromys
13001827	Taeromys callitrichus	Jentink 1879	SPECIES			callitrichus		Taeromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Notes Leyden Mus. p.12		jentinki (Laurie and Hill, 1954); maculipilis (Laurie and Hill, 1954).	Sulawesi: recorded from a few places on the NE peninsula, 600-1100 m; and in the central core, 760-2260 m (Musser, 1970d; Musser and Holden, 1991).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Musser (1970d). The largest in body size among the species. The original description is vague and based upon 12 specimens, all of which Jentink (1879b, 1888:65) regarded as types. Subsequently, Tate (1940) selected one of the specimens as a lectotype, and Musser (1970d) identified all 12 specimens: the lectotype and two others are examples of callitrichus, one is Paruromys dominator, another is Rattus hoffmanni, three are Bunomys chrysocomus, and four are Bunomys fratrorum. Musser (1970d) also described the historical allocations of callitrichus with Mus, Rattus, Lenomys, and Eropeplus. Taeromys callitrichus is the central and northeastern peninsular highland and morphological counterpart to the southeastern highland T. microbullatus; judged by cranial and dental traits, both species are more closely related to T. arcuatus and its undescribed ally... [truncated]	Greater Taeromys
13001828	Taeromys celebensis	Gray 1867	SPECIES			celebensis		Taeromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1867 p.598			Sulawesi: recorded from throughout the island in lowland tropical evergreen rainforest, sea level to 1200 m; absent from montane forest formations (Musser and Holden, 1991).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Documented from SW peninsula only by subfossil fragment (Musser, 1984), but from elsewhere by extant specimens. An arboreal species with a very long tail relative to head and body length, and morphologically unlike any other species in the genus, all of which are terrestrial and have relatively short tails (Breed and Musser, 1991; Musser and Newcomb, 1983; Musser, ms). Taeromys celebensis is relatively common in primary forest, not difficult to trap, and represented by many more specimens than the other species of Taeromys. It is superficially similar to Paruromys dominator and often misidentified as that species in museum collections.	Long-tailed Taeromys
13400428	Diplomys rufodorsalis	J. A. Allen 1899	SPECIES			rufodorsalis		Diplomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.12 p.197			Known only from the type locality in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta of NE Colombia.	IUCN  Vulnerable; rare (known only from two specimens).	Taxonomy being revised (Emmons, In Press).	Red Crested Soft-furred Spiny-rat
13001830	Taeromys microbullatus	Tate and Archbold 1935	SPECIES			microbullatus		Taeromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.802 p.8			Recorded only from the type locality.		Still represented only by two adults and a juvenile collected in 1932. Although described as a species of Rattus, microbullatus has been allied to the Rattus xanthurus group (Ellerman, 1941), included in Paruromys (Ellerman, 1949a; Laurie and Hill, 1954) or synonymized with T. callitrichus (Corbet and Hill, 1992; Musser, 1970d; Musser and Carleton, 1993), but morphometric analyses indicates the small sample represents a distinctive entity that is more closely related to T. callitrichus than to any other species of Taeromys (Musser, ms).	Small-eared Taeromys
13001831	Taeromys punicans	Miller and Hollister 1921	SPECIES			punicans		Taeromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.34 p.98			Sulawesi: known only from the central part and the SW peninsula.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	A lowland species represented by two specimens caught in 1918 from the type locality and a few subfossil fragments from the SW peninsula (Musser, 1984). Other than that it inhabits tropical lowland evergreen rainforest, nothing is known about ecology of this species or its actual distribution over the island.	Reddish-furred Taeromys
13001832	Taeromys taerae	Sody 1932	SPECIES			taerae		Taeromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Natuurh. Maandbl. Maastricht. vol.21 p.158		simpsoni  (Ellerman, 1949) [not Philippi, 1900]; tatei (Sody, 1941) [not Ellerman, 1941].	Sulawesi: recorded only from highlands on the NE peninsula, 600-800 m.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Musser (1971d). Taeromys taerae is the NE peninsular highland and morphological relative of T. hamatus, which is found only in mountains of central Sulawesi.	Northeastern Mountain Taeromys
13001833	Tarsomys	Mearns 1905	GENUS					Tarsomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. vol.28 p.453	Tarsomys apoensis Mearns, 1905.				RattusDivision. Revised by Musser and Heaney (1992), who recorded history of the incorrect inclusion of Tarsomys in Rattus and placed the genus among the Philippine New Endemics. Phylogenetic analyses of complete mtDNA cytochrome b sequences for 13 of the 16 genera of endemic Philippine murines place Tarsomys as sister-taxon to Limnomys, and in a clade with Bullimus and Rattus everetti, which are also New Endemics (Jansa and Heaney, 2001); this alliance and membership in the Rattus Group also supported by chromosomal data (Rickart and Heaney, 2002).	
13001834	Tarsomys apoensis	Mearns 1905	SPECIES			apoensis		Tarsomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. vol.28 p.453			Greater Mindanao Faunal Region. Endemic to the mountains on Mindanao from 1550 to 2400 m in tropical lower and upper montane rainforest (Heaney et al, 1998; Musser and Heaney, 1992).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	This dark-furred, short-tailed mountain rat may be the ecological equivalent of the Sulawesian Bunomys chrysocomus, which it superficially resembles in some morphological traits (Musser and Heaney, 1992). Standard karyotype (2n = 42, FN = 61/62) identical to that of Limnomys in autosomes and X chromosome but differs by its larger telocentric Y chromosome (Rickart and Heaney, 2002).	Dusky Tarsomys
13001835	Tarsomys echinatus	Musser and Heaney 1992	SPECIES			echinatus		Tarsomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.138 p.33			Greater Mindanao Faunal Region. Endemic to tropical lowland evergreen rainforests on Mindanao and known only from the vicinity of type locality and Mt Katanglad in Bukidnon Province (Heaney et al., 1998; Musser, 1994); probably occurs elsewhere on Mindanao where lowland forest formations persist.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	This distinctive species is replaced at higher elevations by T. apoensis in the region of Mt Katangland.	Spiny Tarsomys
13001836	Tateomys	Musser 1969	GENUS					Tateomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.2384 p.2	Tateomys rhinogradoides Musser, 1969.				MelasmothrixDivision. Originally, and incorrectly, linked to the "Rattus chrysocomus group" by Musser (1969b), but morphological, spermatozoal, and ecological characteristics unite Tateomys and the other Sulawesian shrew rat Melasmothrix in the same monophyletic group to the exclusion of either Rattus, Bunomys, or any other Sulawesian endemic (Breed and Musser, 1991; Musser, 1982c). Listed as part of the Sulawesi Old Endemics by Musser (1981c) and revised by him (Musser, 1982c); united with Melasmothrix by Corbet and Hill (1992). Tateomys, along with Melasmothrix, possibly are specialized remnants of one of the earliest lineages to have diverged from the ancestral Progonomys like murine stock. See Melasmothrix generic account.	
13800439	Syconycteris australis subsp. papuana	Matschie 1899	SUBSPECIES		papuana	australis		Syconycteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13001838	Tateomys rhinogradoides	Musser 1969	SPECIES			rhinogradoides		Tateomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.2384 p.3			Known from the type locality, Gunung Tokala, and Gunung Nokilalaki at high elevations in tropical upper montane rain forest in C core of Sulawesi; most likely will be found on other mountains in C Sulawesi in similar forest formations.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	This terrestrial vermivore is the largest-bodied of the species of Tateomys and Melasmothrix. Stomach morphology closely similar to that of Tateomys macrocercus and Melasmothrix naso and unlike the large-bodied, Sulawesian shrew rat, Echiothrix centrosa, which occurs in lowland tropical evergeen rain forest at lower altitudes in the same region (Musser and Durden, 2002).	Tates Sulawesian Shrew Rat
13001839	Thallomys	Thomas 1920	GENUS					Thallomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.5 p.141	Mus nigricauda Thomas, 1882.				<p>OenomysDivision. After being proposed as a genus by Thomas (1920a), Thallomys was used in checklists (e.g., G. M. Allen, 1939; Ellerman, 1941) until Ellerman et al. (1953) united it with subgenus Aethomys of Rattus. Thallomys was reinstated by Lundholm (1955c), who also suggested it was closely related to Thamnomys. Misonne (1969) pointed out that Thallomys has nothing to do with Rattus, and is most closely related to Tertiary European Parapodemus, an evaluation based on molar occlusal patterns. Analysis of microcomplement fixation of albumin groups Thallomys with Grammomys, Pelomys, Lemniscomys, and Rhabdomys (Watts and Baverstock, 1995a). Although unrelated to Rattus, the phylogenetic position of Thallomys within the diversity of African murines is still unresolved; our allocation to the Oenomys Division must be tested by analyses of ge... [truncated]	
13001840	Thallomys loringi	Heller 1909	SPECIES			loringi		Thallomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Smithson. Misc. Coll. vol.52 p.471			Known only by specimens from E Kenya, and N and E Tanzania; limits unknown.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Originally described as a species of Thamnomys (Heller, 1909), then listed as a subspecies of Thallomys nigricauda (G. M. Allen, 1939; Ellerman, 1941), and finally allocated to T. damarensis (here included in nigricauda) as a subspecies (F. Petter, 1973a). Thallomys loringi is morphologically and probably phylogenetically allied to T. nigricauda, but no critical documentation of its conspecificity with that species has ever been presented. Because T. loringi can be diagnosed by pelage and other distinctions, we list it as a species, a hypothesis that can be tested by careful systematic revision of samples from regions outside of southern Africa. Morphometric analyses presented by Taylor et al. (1995) identified a skull from Kenya as possibly being T. nigricauda, which highlights the need to determine the relationship between that species and T. loringi.	Lorings Thallomys
13001841	Thallomys nigricauda	Thomas 1882	SPECIES			nigricauda		Thallomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1882 p.266		bradfieldi Roberts, 1933; damarensis (De Winton, 1897); davisi Lundholm, 1955; herero Thomas, 1926; kalaharicus (Dollman, 1911); leuconoe Thomas, 1926; molopensis Roberts, 1933; nitela Thomas and Hinton, 1923; quissamae F. Petter and Beaufort, 1960; robertsi (Ellerman, Morrison-Scott, and Hayman, 1953).	W and S Angola, Namibia, N South Africa, Zimbabwe, N Botswana, and SE Zambia; northern and eastern limits unknown. The range described here is mapped by Taylor et al. (1995), who also identified a skull from Kenya as possibly an example of T. nigricauda.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Thallomys nigricauda and T. paedulcus are now recognized as occurring in the Southern African Subregion by Skinner and Smithers (1990), who also summarized some of the chromosomal, morphological, and ecological distinctions between the two species. They also suggested that herero and leuconoe may represent samples of T. paedulcus, but we examined the holotypes and they are examples of T. nigricauda. Musser and Carleton (1993:669) wrote that "Morphological and geographic definitions of T. nigricauda are unsatisfactory. Appreciable geographic variation in body size, length of molar row, pelage coloration, and tail pilosity exists among samples and its significance will have to be assessed by critical systematic revision." Results of such a study are presented by Taylor et al. (1995), who employed multivariate analyses of southern African samples already identified by chromosomal traits as either T. nigricauda (2n = 47-50) or T. p... [truncated]	Black-tailed Thallomys
13700434	Neomys fodiens	Pennant 1771	SPECIES			fodiens		Neomys	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Synopsis Quadrupeds p.308		albiventris  (de Sélys Longchamps, 1839) [nomen nudum]; albus (Bechstein, 1800); alpestris Burg, 1924 [nomen nudum]; aquaticus (Müller, 1776) [not of Linnaeus, 1758]; argenteus Ognev, 1922; bicolor (Shaw, 1791); brachyotus Ognev, 1922; canicularius (Bechstein, 1800); carinatus (Hermann, 1780); ciliatus (Sowerby, 1805); collaris (Desmarest, 1818); dagestanicus Heptner and Formozov, 1928; daubentonii (Erxleben, 1777); eremita (Meyer, 1793); fimbriatus (Fitzinger, 1868); fluviatilis (Bechstein, 1793); griseogularis (Fitzinger, 1868); hermanni (Duvernoy, 1835); hydrophilus (Pallas, 1811); ignotus Fatio, 1905; intermedius (Cornalia, 1870); intermedius Brunner, 1952 [not Cornalia, 1870]; leucotis (de Sélys Longchamps, 1839) [nomen nudum]; limchunhunii Won, 1954; lineatus (E. Geoffroy, 1811); linneana (Gray, 1838); liricaudatus (Kerr, 1792); longobarda (Sordelli, 1899); macrourus (Lehmann, 1822); minor Miller, 1901; musculus (Wagler, 1832); naias Barrett-Hamilton, 1905; nanus Lydekker, 1906; natans (Brehm, 1826); niethammeri Bühler, 1963; nigricans (Nilsson, 1845) [nomen nudum]; nigripes (Melchior, 1834); orientalis Hinton, 1915; orientis Thomas, 1914; pennantii (Gray, 1838); psilurus (Wagler, 1832); remifer (E. Geoffroy, 1811); rivalis (Brehm, 1830); sowerbyi (Bonaparte, 1840); stagnatilis (Brehm, 1826); stresemanni Stein, 1931; watasei Kishida, 1930 [nomen nudum]; watasei Kuroda, 1941.	Most of Europe including the British Isls and eastwards to Lake Baikal, Yenisei River (Russia), Tien Shan (China), and NW Mongolia; disjunct in Sakhalin Isl and adjacent Siberia, Jilin (China), and N Korea.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes orientis and watasei as possible subspecies (Hoffmann, 1987; Ognev, 1928; Yudin, 1989). Many of the listed synonyms have never been properly studied and identified and a meaningful subspecific division of the species is not possible yet. Recently, Lehmann (1983) referred constrictus to Crocidura russula. The form niethammeri from NE Spain may represent a valid species (Bühler, 1996; López-Fuster et al., 1990). Neomys newtoni Hinton, 1911 is regarded as an extinct Pleistocene species; see Rzebik-Kowalska (1998). Neomys intermedius Brunner, 1952 was identified as a chronosubspecies of N. fodiens by Schaefer (1973); the name, however, is not available. Karyotypes of N. fodiens from Sweden to Mongolia were consistantly 2n = 52, FN = 98 (Zima et al., 1998).	Eurasian Water Shrew
13700601	Sorex trowbridgii subsp. destructioni	Scheffer and Dalquest 1942	SUBSPECIES		destructioni	trowbridgii	unnamed subgenus, see comments	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13001852	Tryphomys adustus	Miller 1910	SPECIES			adustus		Tryphomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. vol.38 p.399			Greater Luzon Faunal Region. Endemic to Luzon; known only from a few localities in highlands of the Central Cordillera and lower portion of Mount Makiling (Barbehenn et al., 1972-1973; Heaney et al., 1998; Sanborn, 1952a).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Nothing is known about ecology of this species, but its morphology indicates T. adustus is terrestrial, probably inhabiting grassy or shrubby clearings in forests.	Luzon Tryphomys
13001842	Thallomys paedulcus	Sundevall 1846	SPECIES			paedulcus		Thallomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ofv. K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Forhandl. Stockholm vol.3 p.120		acaciae  (Roberts, 1915); lebomboensis Roberts, 1931; moggi (Roberts, 1913); rhodesiae (Osgood, 1910); ruddi (Thomas and Wroughton, 1908); scotti Thomas and Hinton, 1923; somaliensis (Roche, 1964); stevensoni Roberts, 1933; zambesiana Lundholm, 1955.	From NE South Africa (N KwaZulu-Natal, W Mpumalanga, Limpopo, Gauteng, and North West), Swaziland, and Botswana north through Zimbabwe, S Zambia, Mozambique, Malawi, Tanzania, Kenya to S Ethiopia and S Somalia; limits unknown. See Taylor et al. (1995) for distribution in Southern African Subregion.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	In body size, the smallest of all the species. Identification of paedulcus as a separate species compared with the larger T. damarensis and association of scotti, were correctly perceived and documented by F. Petter (1973a). Thomas and Wroughton's (1908) ruddi, described as a species of Thamnomys, is a Thallomys (Lawrence and Loveridge, 1953) and another example of T. paedulcus. Identification of the holotype of paedulcus, along with critical measurements, recorded by Ellerman et al. (1953) and verified by F. Petter (1973a). The names acaciae, lebomboensis, and stevensoni were listed by Roberts (1951) as subspecies of T. moggi; rhodesiae was described by Osgood (1910) as a subspecies of Mus damarensis (which is here synonymized in T. nigricauda); and zambesiana was proposed by Lundholm (1955a) as a subspecies of T. nigricauda. Roche (... [truncated]	Acacia Thallomys
13001843	Thallomys shortridgei	Thomas and Hinton 1923	SPECIES			shortridgei		Thallomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1923 p.492			South Africa; known only from south bank of Orange River from about Upington west to Goodhouse, Little Namaqualand, in Western Cape Province; limits unknown.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Thomas and Hinton's (1923b) acute description points to a distinctive species distinguished by a diagnostic combination of chromatic and cranial traits (especially the small bullae). Ellerman (1941) treated shortridgei as a species, its distinction has been recognized by others (Musser and Carleton, 1993; Roberts, 1951; Van Rooyen in De Graff, 1978), and despite recent checklists where it is listed as a subspecies of either T. paedulcus (Meester et al., 1986) or T. nigricauda (Skinner and Smithers, 1990), the name identifies a valid species (our study of the holotype and specimens in MCZ).	Shortridges Thallomys
13400228	Dasyprocta fuliginosa	Wagler 1832	SPECIES			fuliginosa		Dasyprocta	Dasyproctidae	Rodentia	Isis vol.25 p.1221		candelensis  J. A. Allen, 1915.	Colombia, S Venezuela, Surinam, N Brazil, Peru.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Common in many areas.	Reviewed by J. A. Allen (1915a:625).	Black Agouti
13001844	Thamnomys	Thomas 1907	GENUS					Thamnomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.19 p.121	Thamnomys venustus Thomas, 1907.				<p>OenomysDivision. Many have asserted that species of Thamnomys and Grammomys are in the same monophyletic group and separable only at the subgeneric level (G. M. Allen, 1939; Hatt, 1940a; Hollister, 1919; Misonne, 1974; F. Petter and Tranier, 1975; and others, see references in Meester et al., 1986). Thamnomys is a distinct genus, however, as explained by Ellerman (1941), Hutterer and Dieterlen (1984), Misonne (1969), Rosevear (1969), and other workers (see references in Meester et al., 1986). Those systematists also included rutilans, which is now regarded to be a synonym of Grammomys poensis (see that account). The considerable geographic and individual variation in body size, pelage coloration, and craniodental dimensions in Thamnomys needs to be assessed in a careful systematic revision of the genus. Until then we recognize the three species listed below based upon our examination of specimens and preliminary principle compo... [truncated]	
13001845	Thamnomys kempi	Dollman 1911	SPECIES			kempi		Thamnomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.8 p.658			Apparently endemic to Kivu and Virunga volcanos in E Dem. Rep. Congo (Dollman, 1911; Gyldenstolpe, 1928; Hatt, 1934; Rahm, 1967; specimens in AMNH, MCZ, USNM), SW Uganda (specimens in FMNH, MCZ, USNM), W Rwanda (Elbl et al., 1966; specimens in USNM), and E Burundi (specimens in FMNH); 1670-3900 m.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	The more than 30 specimens we examined indicate T. kempi should be treated as a species (G. M. Allen, 1939; Ellerman, 1941), not a subspecies of T. venustus (Misonne, 1974; Rahm, 1967). Thamnomys kempi is larger, with a longer skull and molar row (29.5-38.9 mm, 6.1-6.8 mm, respectively in T. kempi; 30.8-35.5 mm, 5.4-5.8 mm in T. venustus) and generally occurs at higher altitudes. Both are sympatric at Kibati (specimens in MCZ) and Irangi (R. Hutterer, in litt., 2002) in the Kivu highlands of E Dem. Rep. Congo.	Dollmans Thamnomys
13001846	Thamnomys major	Hatt 1934	SPECIES			major		Thamnomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.708 p.10			Known only from the type locality.		Still represented only by the holotype (AMNH 82693). Originally described as a subspecies of Thamnomys kempi, but the holotype is significantly larger than any specimen of T. kempi we have examined, has saturated buffy underparts suffused with underlying gray (whitish gray or with buff tinge in T. kempi), and conspicuously longer molar rows (7.5 mm for major, 6.1-6.8 for 31 T. kempi examined). Gyldenstolpe (1928) described a specimen collected at 3900 m on Mt Karisimbi and mentioned that it was larger than the holotype of T. kempi, which suggested to Hatt (1934) that it might be another example of major. Dimensions of Gyldenstolpes specimen, however, fall within the range of variation characteristic of T. kempi. Hatt (1934:10) designated AMNH 82695 and 82689 "from Kabara, a site at 3354 m on the saddle between Mtns. Mikeno and Karisimbi" as paratypes of major, but their cranial and dental dimensions along with venter color... [truncated]	Hatts Thamnomys
13700602	Sorex trowbridgii subsp. humboldtensis	Jackson 1922	SUBSPECIES		humboldtensis	trowbridgii	unnamed subgenus, see comments	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13400137	Lagidium peruanum subsp. peruanum	Meyen 1833	SUBSPECIES		peruanum	peruanum		Lagidium	Chinchillidae	Rodentia	Nouv. Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. vol.16 2 p.578						
13001847	Thamnomys venustus	Thomas 1907	SPECIES			venustus		Thamnomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.19 p.122		kivuensis G. M. Allen and Loveridge, 1942; schoutedeni Hatt, 1934.	From lowlands of NE Dem Rep. Congo at Medje (617 m; specimens in AMNH) south through Ruwenzori Mtns of W Uganda (G. M. Allen and Loveridge, 1942; Delany, 1975; Thomas, 1907a; specimens in FMNH and MCZ) to the Kivu volcanos in E Dem. Rep. Congo (G. M. Allen and Loveridge, 1942; specimens in MCZ), 600-2100 m; distributional limits unresolved.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	An appreciably smaller-bodied species than T. major (see that account) and recorded from a more expansive range and generally at lower altitudes. Both kivuensis (G. M. Allen and Loveridge, 1942) and schoutedeni (Hatt, 1934) were described as a subspecies of T. venustus. Altitudinal distribution on Ugandan slopes of Ruwenzori Mtns reviewed by Kerbis Peterhans et al. (1998) and compared with distributions of entire small mammal fauna in those highlands.	Thomass Thamnomys
13001848	Tokudaia	Kuroda 1943	GENUS					Tokudaia	Muridae	Rodentia	Biogeographica vol.139 p.61	Rattus jerdoni osimensis Abe, 1933 (see Kaneko and Maeda, 2002).	Acanthomys  Tokuda, 1941 [not Lesson, 1842, or Gray, 1867]; Tokudamys Johnson, 1943.			<p>ApodemusDivision. Kaneko (2001) provided the first detailed morphological study comparing specimens (of all age groups) from S Okinawa Isl (muenninki) with those from N Amami-oshima Isl (osimensis). The significant morphological differences he documented parallel impressive chromosomal distinctions between the two insular populations (Honda et al., 1978; Tsuchiya, 1981; Tsuchiya et al., 1989), which support the specific status of each as listed by Musser and Carleton (1993). Kaneko also detailed the taxonomic history of the names now associated with Tokudaia.</p><p>Based on molar morphology, Kawamura (1989) placed Tokudaia in a group containing Apodemus, Pliocene Rhagapodemus, and Quaternary Rhagamys; and suggested that Tokudaia evolved from Miocene Parapodemus Apodemus ancestral stock; its evolutionary link to primitive species of Apodemus, Kawamura suggested, may be found in Mi... [truncated]	
13001858	Uromys caudimaculatus	Krefft 1867	SPECIES			caudimaculatus	Uromys	Uromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1867 p.316		aruensis  Gray, 1873; ductor Thomas, 1913; exilis Troughton and Le Soeuf, 1929; lamington Troughton, 1937; macropus (Gray, 1866) [not Hodgson, 1845]; multiplicatus (Jentink, 1907); nero Thomas, 1913; papuanus (Ramsay, 1883) [not von Meyer, 1876, a nomen nudum]; prolixus Thomas, 1913; scaphax Thomas, 1913; sherrini Thomas, 1923; validus Peters and Doria, 1881; waigeuensis Frechkop, 1932.	Australia: NE coastal Queensland in tropical forests from Townsville area north to tip of Cape York, and a few islands off the coast of N Queensland (Moore, 1995:640; Watts and Aslin, 1981:91). New Guinea: widespread throughout lowland and midmontane regions on the mainland, sea level to 1925 m; also on Aru Isls, Kai Isls, Waigeo Isl, Yapen Isl, and Normanby and Fergusson in the DEntrecasteaux Arch. (Flannery, 1995a, b; Leary and Seri, 1997).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Uromys. The Australian population has been studied from viewpoints of chromosomal morphology (Baverstock et al., 1977c), heterochromatin variation (Baverstock et al., 1976b, 1982), electrophoretic data (Baverstock et al., 1981), G-banding homologies (Baverstock et al., 1983b), morphology of male reproductive tract (Breed, 1986), and spermatozoal structure (Breed, 1984; Breed and Sarafis, 1978). Donnellan (1987) provided chromosomal information for samples from New Guinea, Breed and Aplin (1994) reported spermatozoal morphology, and Lidicker (1968) described phallic anatomy. Morphology of gastrointestinal tract and its significance covered by Comport and Hume (1998). Mahoney and Richardson (1988:189) cataloged taxonomic, distributional, and biological references covering Australian populations. Two different chromosomal forms of Australian U. caudimaculatus exist, one extending from McIlwraith Ranges northward, the other from Cooktown s... [truncated]	Giant White-tailed Uromys
13400229	Dasyprocta fuliginosa subsp. fuliginosa	Wagler 1832	SUBSPECIES		fuliginosa	fuliginosa		Dasyprocta	Dasyproctidae	Rodentia	Isis vol.25 p.1221						
13001849	Tokudaia muenninki	Johnson 1946	SPECIES			muenninki		Tokudaia	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.59 p.170			Known by modern specimens from N Okinawa, and late Pleistocene and Holocene samples from Okinawa and adjacent island of Le-jima (Kawamura, 1989; Kowalski and Hasegawa, 1976).	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	<p>Originally described as a subspecies of T. osimensis (Johnson, 1946a), but chromosomal evidence (2n = 44 for muenninki, 2n = 25 for osimensis), as well as external and cranial morphology distinguish muenninki as a separate species (Kaneko, 2001; Tsuchiya, 1981, Tsuchiya et al., 1989). Based upon molar measurements, Kaneko (2001) suggested that the late Pleistocene specimens identified as T. osimensis by Kowalski and Hasegawa (1976) and Kawamura (1989, 1991, 1994) actually represent T. muenninki and T. osimensis, indicating that both species occurred on Okinawa during late Pleistocene. Kaneko cautioned, however, that the fossils must be reexamined to confirm these possible identifications.</p><p>A population of Tokudaia also occurs on Tokuno-shima Isl, south of Amami-oshima and north of Okinawa. Chromosomal distinctions between osimensis (2n = 25) from Amami-oshima, muenninki (2n = 44) from Okinawa, a... [truncated]	Okinawa Island Spiny Rat
13001850	Tokudaia osimensis	Abe 1933	SPECIES			osimensis		Tokudaia	Muridae	Rodentia	Botany and Zoology vol.1 p.942			Known only by modern samples from Amami-oshima Isl.	IUCN  Endangered.	Abe, 1934, J. Sci. Hiroshima Univ., ser. B, div. 1, 3:107, is the usual date and citation for osimensis (see Corbet and Hill, 1992 and Musser and Carleton, 1993), but the name was proposed a year earlier in a different journal according to Kaneko (2001); also see Kaneko and Maeda (2002).The unique chromosomal complement of this species (2n = 25, with no X in the female or visible Y in the male) first documented by Honda et al. (1977) and corroborated by Kimiyuki et al. (1989). Testes devopment depends upon inheritance of the Sry gene encoded on the Y chromosome, but T. osimensis lacks this gene (Suzuki et al., 1999b), a phenomenon found elsewhere among murids only in species of the arvicoline Ellobius (Just et al., 1995). Suzuki et al. (1999b:590) noted that to describe the mechanism of sex determination in these species "will require a more precise genetic analysis . . . and will bring us new information on sex determination mechanisms, evolut... [truncated]	Amami-oshima Island Spiny Rat
13001851	Tryphomys	Miller 1910	GENUS					Tryphomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. vol.38 p.399	Tryphomys adustus Miller, 1910.				RattusDivision. Musser and Newcomb (1983) and Musser and Heaney (1992) revised the genus and documented the history of its past association with Rattus; identified as a Philippine New Endemic (Musser and Heaney, 1992). Tryphomys and Abditomys, another Luzon endemic, form a monophyletic cluster; their phylogenetic alliances to other genera of Philippine New Endemics, or to genera native to other regions in the Indo-Australian region, remain unresolved.	
13001853	Uromys	Peters 1867	GENUS					Uromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin p.343	Mus macropus Gray, 1866 (= Hapalotis caudimaculatus Krefft, 1867).	Cyromys  Thomas, 1910; Gymnomys Gray, 1867; Melanomys Winter, 1983 [not Thomas, 1902].			UromysDivision. Member of the New Guinea and Australian Old Endemics (Musser, 1981c). Using albumin immunology, Watts and Baverstock (1994a) clustered Uromys with Melomys and Solomys within a larger clade that includes members of our Hydromys, Xeromys, and Pseudomys Divisions (the "Australasian clade" of Watts and Baverstock, 1995b, 1996), which occur on New Guinea and Australia, and not in our endemic New Guinea Pogonomys Division or Lorentzimys Division. This cladistic configuration is consistent with chromosomal traits (Baverstock et al., 1977c) and sperm morphology (Breed, 1997; Breed and Aplin, 1994). Revised by Groves and Flannery (1994), who arranged the species in subgenera Uromys and Cyromys (type species = Mus imperator).	
13001854	Uromys	Peters 1867	SUBGENUS				Uromys	Uromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin p.343	Mus macropus Gray, 1866 (= Hapalotis caudimaculatus Krefft, 1867).					
13001855	Cyromys	Thomas 1910	SUBGENUS				Cyromys	Uromys	Muridae	Rodentia							
13001856	Uromys anak	Thomas 1907	SPECIES			anak	Uromys	Uromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.20 p.72		albiventer Groves and Flannery, 1994; rothschildi Thomas, 1912.	New Guinea; throughout the Central Cordillera from Weyland Range in the west to Mt Dayman in the east as well as the Huon Peninsula; not recorded from any of the N coastal ranges or the Vogelkop region; 850-2950 m (Flannery, 1995b).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Uromys. Closely related to U. neobritannicus. Geographic variation of morphological traits analyzed by Groves and Flannery (1994) in context of a revision of Uromys. Sperm morphology documented by Breed and Aplin (1994). Reviewed by Flannery (1995a).	Black-tailed Uromys
13001857	Uromys boeadii	Groves and Flannery 1994	SPECIES			boeadii	Uromys	Uromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Rec. Aust. Mus. vol.46 p.157			Known only by the holotype collected on Pulau Biak.		Subgenus Uromys. Regarded as a primitive member of the subgenus (Flannery, 1995b) and "the plesiomorphic sister-group to all other species of subgenus Uromys" (Groves and Flannery (1994:164).	Biak Island Uromys
13001860	Uromys hadrourus	Winter 1984	SPECIES			hadrourus	Uromys	Uromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Mem. Queensland Mus. vol.21 p.519			Originally known by only a few specimens from rainforest on Mareeba Franite of the Thornton Peak massif north of the Daintree River valley (Winter, 1983, 1984), but now also recorded south of the Daintree River in the Mount Carbine Tableland and farther south in the Lamins Hill area of the Atherton Tableland (Winter and Moore, 1995).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Uromys. Originally described as a species of Melomys, subsequently placed in Uromys and allied with U. caudimaculatus (Groves and Flannery, 1994). Uromys hadrourus is a member of a group of species that are endemic to "the Townsville to Cooktown region, and considered to be relicts of a wet- and cool-adapted fauna which may have originated in Australia from a common pre-Pleistocene stock of Australia and New Guinea" (Winter, 1984:525). Chromosomal morphology reported by Baverstock et al. (1977c). McAllan and Bruce (1989) claimed 1983 to be the publication date for hadrourus instead of 1984 as is usually accepted, noting that the species was first given the name Melanomys hadrourus. That name was in the title of report cited by Winter (1983:379) as "in press" and placed in a sidebar and not in the main account, which was headed by the name Melomys sp. Melanomys is a nomen nudum as entered in Winter (19... [truncated]	Masked White-tailed Uromys
13001861	Uromys imperator	Thomas 1888	SPECIES			imperator	Cyromys	Uromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.1 p.157			Endemic to Guadalcanal Isl.	IUCN  Extinct. May be extinct (see Flannery, 1991; Groves and Flannery, 1994).	Subgenus Cyromys. Type species of Cyromys; historically assigned to either genus Uromys or Cyromys, but is now regarded as a member of the former (Flannery and Wickler, 1990; Groves and Flannery, 1994). Known only by a few historical and archaeological specimens (Flannery, 1991; Groves and Flannery, 1994). Closest relative is apparently U. rex, also endemic to Guadalcanal Isl. Reviewed by Flannery (1995b).	Emperor Uromys
13001862	Uromys neobritannicus	Tate and Archbold 1935	SPECIES			neobritannicus	Uromys	Uromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.803 p.4			Endemic to New Britain Isl.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Uromys. Included in U. anak by Ziegler (1982b:882) without explanation, but neobritannicus is diagnosed by distinctive external and cranial traits that are outside the range of morphological variation characteristic of U. anak (Groves and Flannery, 1994). Chromosomal data reported by Donnellan (1987). Still known only by a few specimens. Extensive survey of living and fossil mammals on nearby New Ireland did not yield the species, and Groves and Flannery (1994) think it unlikely that U. neobritannicus inhabits any of the smaller islands adjacent to New Britain.	New Britain Island Uromys
13001863	Uromys porculus	Thomas 1904	SPECIES			porculus	Cyromys	Uromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.14 p.400			Endemic to Guadalcanal Isl.	IUCN  Extinct. Probably extinct (see Flannery, 1995b).	Subgenus Cyromys. Although originally described as a species of Uromys, it was transferred to Melomys (Ellerman, 1941; Rümmler, 1938), placed once more in Uromys (Tate, 1951), again put in Melomys (Laurie and Hill, 1954), and currently returned to Uromys (Flannery and Wickler, 1990; Groves and Flannery, 1994). Still known only by the holotype. Morphologically closely related to U. rex and U. imperator. Reviewed by Flannery (1995b).	Guadalcanal Uromys
13001864	Uromys rex	Thomas 1888	SPECIES			rex	Cyromys	Uromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.1 p.157			Found only on Guadalcanal Isl.	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Subgenus Cyromys. Another Guadalcanal species that has historically been placed in either genus Uromys or Cyromys, but is currently allocated to the former (Flannery and Wickler, 1990; Groves and Flannery, 1994). Still represented by less than a dozen specimens (Flannery, 1991), and likely the only species in subgenus Cyromys that is not extinct (Flannery, 1995b).	King Uromys
13001865	Uromys siebersi	Thomas 1923	SPECIES			siebersi	see comments	Uromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Treubia vol.3 p.422			Recorded only from Pulau Kai Besar in Kepulauan Kai (Ewab), between Seram Isl and the Aru Isls.		Originally described as a species but subsequently treated as a subspecies of Uromys caudimaculatus (Ellerman, 1941; Rümmler, 1938) or synonym of U. caudimaculatus aruensis (Laurie and Hill, 1954). In their revision of Uromys, Groves and Flannery (1994) identified siebersi as a taxon of "uncertain status" because they could not allocate it to any of the subspecies of U. caudimaculatus they recognized. Still known only by two skins and a single skull (Groves and Flannery, 1994), Thomass siebersi should be highlighted as a species. Among its diagnostic characteristics are very short tail relative to head and body length, small slit-like incisive foramina, and distinctly bowed skull (K. Helgen, in litt., 2004). The phylogenetic relationship of U. siebersi with samples of U. caudimaculatus along with the other recognized species of Uromys should be critically assessed in the context of a new taxonomic evaluation of geographic ... [truncated]	Great Key Island Uromys
13001866	Vandeleuria	Gray 1842	GENUS					Vandeleuria	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.10 p.265	Mus oleraceus Bennett, 1832.				MicromysDivision. An Indomalayan endemic allied to Chiropodomys, Vernaya, and Micromys, a hypothesis based on dental morphology (Misonne, 1969). Ellerman (1949:132) also tied Vandeleuria to Chiropodomys and Micromys through their complex molar occlusal patterns. Using albumin immunology, Watts and Baverstock (1995b) pointed to Micromys as the closest phylogenetic extant relative of Vandeleuria. Phylogenetic analysis of molar traits by Chaimanee (1998) indicated Vandeleuria formed a clade with Pithecheir and Lenothrix; the close alliance between Vandeleuria and Pithecheir was foretold by Ellerman (1949:132). Because of the immunological relationship between Micromys and Vandeleuria, the early split of Micromys from the central murine lineage represented by a Pogonomys like ancestor (see account of Micromys), and the close cladistic relationsh... [truncated]	
13001867	Vandeleuria nilagirica	Jerdon 1867	SPECIES			nilagirica		Vandeleuria	Muridae	Rodentia	Mammals of India p.203			Recorded only from S end of the Western Ghats (= Sahyadris) in the Nilgiri Hills of SW Peninsular India (Corbet and Hill, 1992), but may occur farther north along the Western Ghats wherever tropical evergreen rain forest has not been eliminated.		Originally described as a species by Jerdon (1867:203), who wrote of having "on several occasions found this tree-mouse in woods on the summit of the Neelgherries, near Ootacamund." Jerdon was also familiar with oleracea, noting on the previous page that "This very pretty little mouse has been found in all parts of India, from the Himalayas to the extreme south." Subsequently retained as a species by Ellerman (1941), thereafter usually included in V. oleracea (Agrawal, 2000; Agrawal and Chakraborty, 1980; Ellerman, 1961; Musser and Carleton, 1993), but separated as a separate species by Corbet and Hill (1992) on the basis of the type description (no holotype exists) and a specimen from Kutta, S Coorg in the Nilgiri Hills (much longer tail than any sample of V. oleracea and whitish gray rather than pure white underparts). A typical V. oleracea was also collected at Kutta. See Corbet and Hill (1992) for expanded discussion and comparisons. The murines <... [truncated]	Nilgiri Vandeleuria
13001868	Vandeleuria nolthenii	Phillips 1929	SPECIES			nolthenii		Vandeleuria	Muridae	Rodentia	Ceylon J. Sci., Sec. B vol.15 p.165			Forested highlands (above 1158 m) of Central and Uva provinces of Sri Lanka.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Described as a subspecies of V. nilagirica, kept that way by Ellerman (1941), but usually considered a subspecies of V. oleracea (Agrawal and Chakraborty, 1980; Ellerman, 1961; Phillips, 1980). Howver, nolthenii is distinct in its montane distribution, pelage (longer, dark reddish brown upperparts, gray venter), and external and cranial traits (longer tail, larger skull with more inflated braincase, larger bullae, and longer and heavier rostrum) from V. oleracea occurring at lower elevations, and should be treated as a separate species (Musser, 1979), an arrangement endorsed by Corbet and Hill (1992). Phillips (1929) original description and subsequent review (Phillips, 1980) encapsule all that is known about the species.	Sri Lankan Vandeleuria
13001875	Xeromys myoides	Thomas 1889	SPECIES			myoides		Xeromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1889 p.248			Australia: C and S Queensland (Dwyer et al., 1979), North Stradbroke Isl off the coast of SEQueensland (Van Dyck, 1996; Van Dyck et al., 1979), Northern Territory, and Melville Isl off the coast of Northern Territory; probably has a wider range (Van Dyck, 1995, 1996; Watts and Aslin, 1981; Woinarski et al., 2000). S Papua New Guinea: Western Province, Bensbach River in lowlands of the Trans-Fly (Hitchcock, 1998).	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Vulnerable.	Closely associated with tidal mangrove swamps and known by few samples (some of them large, however), most collected since 1970 (Dwyer et al., 1979; Van Dyck, 1996; Watts and Aslin, 1981; Woinarski et al., 2000). Morphology of sperm head structure and male reproductive tract studied by Breed (1984, 1986) in context of comparisons of reproductive structures among Australian murines. Chromosomal complement similar to that of Hydromys chrysogaster (Baverstock et al., 1977c), as is primitive pattern (for Murinae) of cephalic arterial configuration (Mussers unpublished observations). Mahoney and Richardson (1988:190) cataloged references to taxonomy and natural history for Australian records. Reviewed by Van Dyck (1995, 1996) and Woinarski et al. (2000). Xeromys myoides is one of 17 species of Australian mammals that are also found only in the Trans-Fly region of S New Guinea (Norris and Musser, 2001).	False Water Rat
13001869	Vandeleuria oleracea	Bennett 1832	SPECIES			oleracea		Vandeleuria	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1832 p.121		badius  (Blyth, 1859); domecolus (Hodgson, 1841) [nomen nudum]; dumeticola (Hodgson, 1845); marica Thomas, 1915; modesta Thomas, 1914; povensis (Hodgson, 1845); rubida Thomas, 1914; sibylla Thomas, 1914; scandens Osgood, 1932; spadicea Ryley, 1914; wroughtoni Ryley, 1914.	Recorded from Sri Lanka (lowlands; Phillips, 1980), peninsular India, S Nepal, Burma (Ellerman, 1941), SE China (W Yunnan; Wang, 2003), Thailand (except peninsula south of Isthmus of Kra, 10EE, 30N; J. T. Marshall, Jr., 1977a), SW Cambodia (Cardamom Mtns; A. Smith, in litt., 2002), and S Vietnam (Osgood, 1932; Dang et al., 1994); probably occurs in S Laos in suitable habitat. See Corbet and Hill (1992).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Musser and Carleton (1993) noted that "oleracea is possibly a composite of species, and despite Agrawal and Chakrabortys (1980) review of geographic variation, needs careful systematic revision." Chromosomal features vary geographically: 2n = 26 or 28 for N, NE and E Thailand samples (Gropp et al., 1972; Winking et al., 1979); 2n = 29 for N India sample (Sharma and Raman, 1972), and 2n = 28 for SW India (Prakash and Aswathanarayana, 1973, 1976). Agrawal (2000) reviewed Indian populations, pointing out that samples from N India have rusty brown upperparts while those from S India and Gujarat have a dull brown dorsum; slight chromosomal differences are concordant with the chromatic distribution. Morphological variation in what has been defined as V. oleracea excludes nilagirica, which Corbet and Hill (1992) treat as a separate species (see that account). Ecology and distribution in the Aravalli Ranges in Rajasthan, India documented by Prakash et al. (1995a, <... [truncated]	Indomalayan Vandeleuria
13001870	Vernaya	Anthony 1941	GENUS					Vernaya	Muridae	Rodentia	Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser. vol.27 p.110	Chiropodomys fulvus G. M. Allen, 1927.	Octopodomys Sody, 1941.			MicromysDivision. Dental morphology interpreted by Misonne (1969) to indicate close relationship with Chiropodomys; hypothesis requires testing with other characters. About the same time Anthony described Vernaya, Sody (1941) proposed Octopodomys. There is a single extant species, the remains of which have been found in late Pleistocene cave sediments in the Sichuan-Guizhou region of S China, and four extinct species have been described based on early to late Pleistocene fossils from the same region (Zheng, 1993).	
13001871	Vernaya fulva	G. M. Allen 1927	SPECIES			fulva		Vernaya	Muridae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.270 p.11		foramena Wang, Hu, and Chen, 1980.	S China (N Sichuan, W Yunnan, S Gansu, and SW Shaanxi; Li and Wang, 1995) and N Burma (Anthony, 1941); recorded only above 2135 m.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Originally described by G. M. Allen as a species of Chiropodomys, but later reidentified by him as the only example of Vandeleuria dumeticola known from Yunnan (G. M. Allen, 1940), which was refuted by Ellerman (1949). Anthony (1941) correctly pointed out the morphological uniqueness of fulva by erecting a new genus to contain it. Still known only by few specimens. Wang et al. (1980) described foramena as a species of Vernaya, but diagnostic traits simply represent individual and geographic variation found in V. fulva (Corbet and Hill, 1992; Li and Wang, 1995; and Mussers study of the Chinese material described by Wang et al., 1980); Wang (2003) listed foramena as a synonym of V. fulva in his checklist of Chinese mammals.	Vernays Climbing Mouse
13001872	Xenuromys	Tate and Archbold 1941	GENUS					Xenuromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.1101 p.3	Mus barbatus Milne-Edwards, 1900.				PogonomysDivision. Member of the New Guinea Old Endemics (Musser, 1981c). Generally regarded as morphologically similar to Uromys and phylogenetically related to it (Flannery, 1995a; Tate, 1951; Watts and Baverstock, 1994a), but sperm morphology is unlike most members of our Uromys Division and resembles many forms in our Pogonomys Division (Breed and Aplin, 1994). Our allocation to the latter cluster is provisional and must be tested by phylogenetic analyses of gene sequences and other kinds of morphological character sets.	
13400230	Dasyprocta fuliginosa subsp. candelensis	J. A. Allen 1915	SUBSPECIES		candelensis	fuliginosa		Dasyprocta	Dasyproctidae	Rodentia							
13001873	Xenuromys barbatus	Milne-Edwards 1900	SPECIES			barbatus		Xenuromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.6 p.167		guba Tate and Archbold, 1941.	New Guinea; represented by only a few specimens collected along the Central Cordillera from Mt Dayman in E Papua to the Idenberg River in Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya), and in E end of Torricelli Mtns on north coast; 75-1200 m (Flannery, 1990b, 1995a; Flannery et al., 1985).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Leary and Seri (1997) reported a specimen taken at 600 m in karst limestone habitat in the Kikori River Basin of S Papua New Guinea. Very little is known about the actual distribution of this species on New Guinea and its natural history, other than it seems to reside in rocky habitats, is terrestrial, and may be frugivorous (Flannery et al., 1985). Aplin et al. (1999) reported a specimen of this species from a late Pleistocene archaeological site on the Ayamaru Plateau, central Birds Head Peninsula of Prov. of Papua (= Irian Jaya).	Rock-dwelling Giant Rat
13001874	Xeromys	Thomas 1889	GENUS					Xeromys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1889 p.248	Xeromys myoides Thomas, 1889.				XeromysDivision. Member of the Australian Old Endemics (Musser, 1981c:166) or Hydromyini of Baverstock (1984) and Lee et al. (1981). Xeromys is phylogenetically distantly related to Hydromys (Watts et al., 1992), and albumin immunology allies Xeromys with Crossomys (but see generic account), Leptomys, and Pseudohydromys (which includes Neohydromys and Mayermys) in a clade that is part of a larger assemblage, the Hydromyini, which contains genera in our Hydromys, Pseudomys, and Uromys Divisions (the "Australasian clade" of Watts and Baverstock, 1994b, 1995b, 1996).	
13100011	Zenkerellinae	Matschie 1898	SUBFAMILY						Anomaluridae	Rodentia	Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin vol.4 p.26		Idiurinae Miller and Gidley, 1918.				
13100012	Idiurus	Matschie 1894	GENUS					Idiurus	Anomaluridae	Rodentia	Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin vol.8 p.194	Idiurus zenkeri Matschie, 1894				Revised by Verheyen (1963).	
13001876	Zelotomys	Osgood 1910	GENUS					Zelotomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser. vol.10 p.7	Mus hildegardeae Thomas, 1902.	Ochromys  Thomas, 1920.			ColomysDivision. Similar to Colomys in molar occlusal patterns (Misonne, 1969, and our observations), but strength of evolutionary link to either that genus or other murines requires assessment by phylogenetic analyses of morphological traits incorporating more characters than those associated with molars. The phyletic link between Zelotomys and Colomys, however, is reinforced by mtDNA cytochrome b (Lecompte et al., 2002b) and nuclear IRBP gene sequences (E. Lecompte, in litt., 2002), which place Zelotomys as sister to Colomys and align both with Myomyscus verreauxii in a monophyletic cluster within a larger group composed of Praomys, Mastomys, Myomyscus, Hylomyscus, Heimyscus, and Stenocephalemys. The relationship between Zelotomys and the Stenocephalemys Division was earlier inferred by Davis (1965) and Jaeger (1976). Earliest records of Zelotomys comes... [truncated]	
13001877	Zelotomys hildegardeae	Thomas 1902	SPECIES			hildegardeae		Zelotomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.9 p.219		instans Thomas, 1916; kuvelaiensis St. Leger, 1936; lillyana Bohmann, 1950; shortridgei Hinton, 1920; vinaceus Heller, 1912.	W Angola (Crawford-Cabral, 1998), Zambia (Ansell, 1978), N Malawi (Nyika Plateau; Ansell and Dowsett, 1988), Tanzania, Kenya (Hollister, 1919), SW Uganda (Delany, 1975), Rwanda, Burundi, NE Dem. Rep. Congo (G. M. Allen, 1939), S Sudan (Setzer, 1956), and Central African Republic; see Misonne (1974).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Terrestrial, partly diurnal, primarily insectivorous, emitting high-pitched whistles (Ansell, 1960; Delany, 1975), Z. hildegardeae inhabits tall grassland biomes and is infrequently encountered by collectors (Ansell, 1978). G. M. Allen (1939) listed hildegardeae, shortridgei and instans as separate species, as did Ellerman (1941:238), who noted that "The species are very closely allied, and may later be regarded all as races of the type," which reflects modern taxonomic treatment.	Hildegardes Zelotomys
13001878	Zelotomys woosnami	Schwann 1906	SPECIES			woosnami		Zelotomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1906 p.108			A Southern African Subregion endemic ranging from N South Africa (Northern Cape Province) through N and W Botswana (Smithers, 1971) to E and N Namibia (de Graaff, 1997f; Skinner and Smithers, 1990).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Past taxonomic allocations (in Ochromys) have been with Aethomys, Rattus, and Thallomys (D. H. S. Davis, 1965; Ellerman, 1941; Meester et al., 1986, and references therein). Graminivorous and carnivorous, terrestrial, nocturnal, and inhabiting arid savanna biome in southern Africa (de Graaff, 1981; Mugo et al., 1995). Excellent reviews of distribution, ecology, and morphological traits provided by Skinner and Smithers (1990) and de Graaff (1981, 1997f).	Woosnams Zelotomys
13400231	Dasyprocta guamara	Ojasti 1972	SPECIES			guamara		Dasyprocta	Dasyproctidae	Rodentia	Mem. Soc. Cienc. Nat. La Salle vol.32 p.176			Orinoco Delta (Venezuela).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Orinoco Agouti
14000231	Panthera leo subsp. bleyenberghi	Lönnberg 1914	SUBSPECIES		bleyenberghi	leo		Panthera	Felidae	Carnivora							
13001879	Zyzomys	Thomas 1909	GENUS					Zyzomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.3 p.372	Mus argurus Thomas, 1889.	Laomys Thomas, 1909.			PseudomysDivision. Member of the Australian Old Endemics (Musser, 1981c) or Conilurini of Baverstock (1984) and Lee et al. (1981), or Hydromyini of Baverstock and Watts (1994a). Taxonomy of species appraised by Kitchener (1989). Chromosomal morphology distinct from other Australian murines (Baverstock et al., 1977c), but not allozymic data (Baverstock et al., 1981), and G-banding homologies suggested karyotype of Zyzomys "to be derived from the ancestral karyotype characterizing Conilurus, Mesembriomys, and Leggadina" (Baverstock et al., 1983b). Molar traits resemble those characterizing Conilurus (Misonne, 1969), but phallic characters link Zyzomys to Pseudomys and its close relatives (Lidicker and Brylski, 1987). Albumin immunology indicates Zyzomys belongs in a clade with Mesembriomys, Conilurus, Leporillus, and Melomys (Watts et al., 1992), and Watts and Baverstock... [truncated]	
13001880	Zyzomys argurus	Thomas 1889	SPECIES			argurus		Zyzomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.3 p.433		indutus (Thomas, 1909).	Northern Australia; always in rocky outcrops in Pilbara region of Western Australia through Kimberleys to N coastal Queensland between Cooktown and Townsville; also on offshore islands (Fleming, 1995a:621; Watts and Aslin, 1981:138).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Patterns of allozymic comparisons between populations discordant with chromosomal differences (Baverstock et al., 1977d). Reviewed by Watts and Aslin (1981) and Fleming (1995a); also see Churchill (1996).	Common Australian Rock Rat
13001881	Zyzomys maini	Kitchener 1989	SPECIES			maini		Zyzomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Rec. West. Aust. Mus. vol.14 p.357			Australia, Northern Territory in region of East and South Alligator Rivers on outliers of stony Arnhem Land escarpment (Kitchener, 1989).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Fleming (1995b).	Arnhem Land Rock Rat
13001882	Zyzomys palatilis	Kitchener 1989	SPECIES			palatilis		Zyzomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Rec. West. Aust. Mus. vol.14 p.361			Australia; endemic to Gulf region of Northern Territory near the border with Queensland where it appears to be restricted to monsoon rainforest on scree slopes (Churchill, 1996).	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Reviewed by Woinarski et al. (1995b). Distribution, habitat, status, and sympatry with Z. argurus documented by Churchill (1996).	Carpentarian Rock Rat
13400138	Lagidium peruanum subsp. arequipe	Thomas 1907	SUBSPECIES		arequipe	peruanum		Lagidium	Chinchillidae	Rodentia							
13001883	Zyzomys pedunculatus	Waite 1896	SPECIES			pedunculatus		Zyzomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Rept. Horn Sci. Exped. Cent. Aust., Zool. vol.2 p.395		brachyotis (Waite, 1896).	C Australia; Northern Territory (Watts and Aslin, 1981:143; Wurst, 1995:625).	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Rare and restricted to rocks. Distribution of fossils indicated species "may once have extended across the rocky ranges of central Western Australia, through the Hamersleys to the coast" (Watts and Aslin, 1981:143). This "is either one of Australias rarest rodents or its most recently extinct mammal. . . . The last specimen was collected in 1960 by a stockman in the Western MacDonnell Ranges near Mount Leibig, about 300 kilometres west of Alice Springs, while it was attempting to break into the camp food supplies." (Wurst, 1995:624). Recently the species has been rediscovered living in two national parks in the Northern Territory (Wurst, 1997, who also provided first photograph of the live animal).	Central Australian Rock Rat
13001884	Zyzomys woodwardi	Thomas 1909	SPECIES			woodwardi		Zyzomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.3 p.373			Australia; known only from the north Kimberleys of Western Australia (Fleming and McKenzie, 1995:626). Watts and Aslin (1981:141) included Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory within the range, but those animals represent Z. maini (Kitchener, 1989).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Restricted to rocky regions, especially boulders at the base of cliffs; limited in distribution but common at some localities (Watts and Aslin, 1981). Reviewed by Fleming and McKenzie (1995).	Kimberley Rock Rat
13001885	Otomyinae	Thomas 1896 "1897"	SUBFAMILY						Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1896 p.1017		Otomyini Tullberg, 1899; Otomyidae Roberts, 1951.			<p>Morphologically, a strongly circumscribed group of species indigenous to Subsaharan Africa. Early on ranked as a subfamily of Muridae, whether defined sensu lato (Thomas, 1896; Ellerman, 1941; Roberts, 1951) or sensu stricto (Tullberg, 1899; Miller and Gidley, 1918; Simpson, 1945; Reig, 1981); or even a separate family (Roberts, 1951); and later considered a subfamily of Cricetidae (Misonne, 1974) or Nesomyidae (Chaline et al., 1977; Lavocat, 1978). Paleontological evidence and anatomical considerations unequivocally affirm their phyletic origin from African murines, especially arvicanthine-like forms (Pocock, 1976; Carleton and Musser, 1984; Bernard et al., 1991; Breed, 1995d; Sénégas, 2001). Similarly, evolutionary affinities inferred from DNA-DNA hybridization (Chevret et al., 1993b), immunological assays (Contrafatto et al., 1994; Watts and Baverstock, 1995a), and mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences (Ducroz et al., 2001; Jansa and Weksler, ... [truncated]	
13001899	Otomys jacksoni	Thomas 1891	SPECIES			jacksoni		Otomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.7 p.304			Restricted to Mount Elgon, ca. 3300-4200 m, Uganda and Kenya.		Typically considered a subspecies of O. typus subsequent to Bohmanns (1952) monograph (e.g., Misonne, 1974; Musser and Carleton, 1993). Although their lower incisors do possess two well-defined grooves, as in O. typus, the Mount Elgon populations contrast sharply in their smaller size, dark brown pelage, and M3 with only 7 laminae. Clausnitzer and Kityo (2001) recorded the species (as O. typus) as common in afro-alpine habitats, where it exists sympatrically with O. barbouri.	Mount Elgon Vlei Rat
14000232	Panthera leo subsp. hollisteri	J. A. Allen 1924	SUBSPECIES		hollisteri	leo		Panthera	Felidae	Carnivora							
13001886	Myotomys	Thomas 1918	GENUS					Myotomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.2 p.206	Otomys unisulcatus F. Cuvier, 1829.	Metotomys  Broom, 1937.			Described by Thomas (1918b) as a genus, a rank occasionally observed (Pocock, 1976; Roberts, 1951) but not conventionally so (e.g., Bohmann, 1952; Ellerman et al., 1953; Misonne, 1974; Meester et al., 1986). In merging Myotomys as junior synonym of Otomys, Ellerman (1941) considered its component species to be morphologically linked with those of that genus. However, cladistic assessments of allozymic data disclose closer affinity of sloggetti and unisulcatus to species of Parotomys (Meester et al., 1992; Taylor et al., 1989), as do the morphological traits enumerated above and those mentioned by Pocock (1976). Phylogenetic investigations should focus on whether sloggetti and unisulcatus are separate branches in a lineage that also includes brantsii and littledalei (all as Parotomys) or whether they are early diverging sister species (Myotomys) relative to brantsii littledalei (Parotomy... [truncated]	
13700701	Euroscaptor parvidens	Miller 1940	SPECIES			parvidens		Euroscaptor	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	J. Mammal. vol.21 p.203			Known from type locality and Rakho on the Chinese border.	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1966:40) included this species in [E]. micrura leucura. Corbet (1978c:33) mentioned leucura as a species, but Gureev (1979:274) also listed parvidens in the Euroscaptor group of Talpa, where Miller (1940b:444) put his species soon after description. Corbet and Hill (1991:38) did not list parvidens and one may assume that they included it in micrura.	Small-toothed Mole
13700007	Nesophontes major	Arredondo 1970	SPECIES			major		Nesophontes	Nesophontidae	Soricomorpha	Memoria, Soc. Cienc. Nat. La Salle vol.30 86 p.126			Cuba.	Extinct.	Time of extinction uncertain (MacPhee et al., 1999).	Greater Cuban Nesophontes
13300005	Ctenodactylus gundi	Rothmann 1776	SPECIES			gundi		Ctenodactylus	Ctenodactylidae	Rodentia	In Schlözers Briefwechsel vol.1 339		arabicus (Shaw, 1801); massonii Gray, 1830; typicus A. Smith, 1834.	N Morocco, N Algeria, Tunisia, NW Libya.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by W. George (1979a).	Common Gundi
13400139	Lagidium peruanum subsp. inca	Thomas 1907	SUBSPECIES		inca	peruanum		Lagidium	Chinchillidae	Rodentia							
13001887	Myotomys sloggetti	Thomas 1902	SPECIES			sloggetti		Myotomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.10 p.311		basuticus  Roberts, 1929; jeppei Roberts, 1929; robertsi (Hewett, 1927); turneri (Wroughton, 1907).	Subalpine and alpine zones, above 2000 m, in Eastern Cape Province, Lesotho, and W KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa (Lynch and Watson, 1992:Fig. 1; Taylor, 1998:Fig. 78).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt) as Otomys sloggetti.	Viewed as closely related to O. unisulcatus (Bohmann, 1952; Roberts, 1951; Taylor et al., 1989; Thomas, 1918b), but details of sperm morphology question the closeness of their relationship (Bernard et al., 1991). Taxonomy, distributional records, and ecology reviewed by Lynch and Watson (1992) and Lynch (1994); karyotypic and genetic data and comparisons supplied by Contrafatto et al. (1992a).	Rock Karroo Rat
13001888	Myotomys unisulcatus	F. Cuvier 1829	SPECIES			unisulcatus		Myotomys	Muridae	Rodentia	In E. Geoffroy and F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mammifères vol.pt. 3 6(60) p.1-2 "Otomys cafre."		albaniensis  Roberts 1946; bergensis Roberts, 1929; broomi (Thomas, 1902); grantii (Thomas, 1902).	Little Namaqualand in W Northern Cape Province, through the Great and Little Karroo, to Eastern Cape Province, South Africa (De Graaff, 1981:155).	IUCN  Least Concern as Otomys unisulcatus.	A species having a relictual distribution and exhibiting many traits interpreted as plesiomorphic for the subfamily (e.g., Bohmann, 1952). Genetic distance data (Taylor et al., 1989) suggest the inclusion of unisulcatus with species of Parotomys, but sperm morphology (Bernard et al., 1991) indicates its singular differentiation from both the Parotomys and O. irroratus groups. All named forms listed, with reservation, as subspecies by Meester et al. (1986), but allozymic variation unappreciable over species range and erodes validity of these divisions (Van Dyk et al., 1991).	Bush Karroo Rat
13001889	Otomys	F. Cuvier 1824	GENUS					Otomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Dents des Mammifères p.255	Euryotis irrorata Brants, 1827.	Anchotomys  Thomas, 1918; Euryotis Brants, 1827; Lamotomys Thomas, 1918; Oreinomys Trouessart, 1880 [replacement name for Oreomys]; Oreomys Heuglin, 1877; Palaeotomys Broom, 1937; Prototomys Broom, 1948.			<p>Whereas Bohmann (1952) included all otomyine species in Otomys, most systematists have accorded the large-bullar forms separate generic status as Parotomys (see below), and we follow Thomas (1918b) in recognizing Myotomys as genus (see subfamily remarks). Roberts (1951) also treated Lamotomys as generically distinct, but cladistic interpretation of allozymic and immunologcial data, albeit limited to few species so far, clearly affiliate its type species laminatus with other Otomys (Contrafatto et al., 1994; Taylor et al., 1989). Oldest known fossil Otomys species date from the middle to late Pliocene (2-3.5 million years ago) in South Africa and from early Pleistocene (1-2 million years ago) in East Africa (see Denys, 1989a; Sénégas, 2001; Sénégas and Avery, 1998). Synonymy of the fossil Prototomys follows the observations of Avery (1998), who noted the marginal distinction of its type species, P. campbe... [truncated]	
13001890	Otomys anchietae	Bocage 1882	SPECIES			anchietae		Otomys	Muridae	Rodentia	J. Sci. Acad. Lisbon vol.9 p.26			C and NE Angola (Crawford-Cabral, 1998:Map 23).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Type species of Anchotomys, employed as a subgenus of Otomys by Thomas (1918b). Cranial form and dental traits strongly differentiated compared with other Otomys (Taylor and Kumirai, 2001). Dieterlen and Van der Straeten (1992) reasonably argued the recognition of barbouri and lacustris, formerly arranged as subspecies (Misonne, 1974), as species (see those accounts).	Angolan Vlei Rat
13001891	Otomys angoniensis	Wroughton 1906	SPECIES			angoniensis		Otomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.18 p.274		canescens  Osgood, 1910; divinorum Thomas, 1910; elassodon Osgood, 1910; mashona Thomas, 1918; nyikae Wroughton, 1906; pretoriae Roberts, 1929; rowleyi Thomas, 1918; sabiensis Roberts, 1929; tugelensis Roberts, 1929.	SE savannah and grasslands, from S Kenya to SE Botswana and NE South Africa (provinces of Limpopo, KwaZulu-Natal, Mpumalanga, Gauteng, Free State, North West; also Lesotho).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Populations confused under O. irroratus by Bohmann (1952) and Ellerman et al. (1953), but morphological, karyotypic, and allozymic differences decidedly support their separate specific status (Davis, 1962; De Graaff, 1981; Matthey, 1964; Misonne, 1974; Taylor et al., 1989). G-banding comparisons with the highly variable chromosomes of O. irroratus conducted by Contrafatto et al. (1992a). Synonymy of the listed species-group epithets and distributional limits need verification in the context of a full revision, including the form maximus (see account below), which many have viewed as another subspecies of O. angoniensis (e.g., De Graaff, 1981; Meester et al., 1986; Misonne, 1974). Reported presence in NE Cape Province (=Eastern Cape Province) and Lesotho (e.g., Meester et al., 1986; Skinner and Smithers, 1990) questioned by Lynch (1994). See Bronner and Meester (1988, Mammalian Species, 306).	Angoni Vlei Rat
13700702	Mogera	Pomel 1848	GENUS					Mogera	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	Arch. Sci. Phys. Nat. Geneve vol.9 p.246	Talpa wogura Temminck, 1842.	Nesoscaptor  Abe, Shiraishi and Arai, 1991.			Formerly included in Talpa by Corbet (1978c); but see Imaizumi (1970b), Gureev (1979), Yudin (1989), and Abe et al. (1991). Revised by Abe (1995). Nesoscaptor uchidai (Abe et al., 1991) was included in Mogera by Motokawa et al. (2001b).	
13700603	Sorex trowbridgii subsp. mariposae	Grinnell 1913	SUBSPECIES		mariposae	trowbridgii	unnamed subgenus, see comments	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13300006	Ctenodactylus vali	Thomas 1902	SPECIES			vali		Ctenodactylus	Ctenodactylidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1902 2 p.11		joleaudi  Heim de Balsac 1936.	S Morocco, W Algeria, S Tunisia, NW Libya.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Ranck (1968:253) and Corbet (1978:160) included vali in gundi, but George (1982) and Corbet and Hill (1991) listed both as distinct species.	Vals Gundi
13001892	Otomys barbouri	Lawrence and Loveridge 1953	SPECIES			barbouri		Otomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., Harvard vol.110 p.63			Afro-alpine zone of Mount Elgon, ca. 3500-4300 m, Uganda and Kenya.		Lawrence and Loveridge (1953) emphasized the contrasts between their new species and O. (Anchotomys) anchietae, but Misonne (1974) reassigned it as a synonym of the latter, an opinion erroneously followed by others (Honacki et al., 1982; Corbet and Hill, 1991; Musser and Carleton, 1993). Trenchant differences from O. anchietae explicated by Dieterlen and Van der Straeten (1992), who reinstated barbouri as species and suggested its closer relationship to O. occidentalis and O. lacustris; morphological and morphometric discrimination amplified by Taylor and Kimurai (2001). Knowledge of altitudinal distribution, autecology, and natural history vastly improved by the studies of Clausnitzer (2000, 2001; Clausnitzer and Kityo, 2001).	Barbours Vlei Rat
13001893	Otomys burtoni	Thomas 1918	SPECIES			burtoni		Otomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.2 p.210			Highlands of NW Cameroon; range limits unknown.		Retained as a species until submerged within the pan-African rassenkreis of O. irroratus (Bohmann, 1952; Petter, 1982). As noted by Thomas (1918b), among the smallest species of Otomys, resembling nubilus (here = O. tropicalis) in Kenya.	Burtons Vlei Rat
13001894	Otomys cuanzensis	Hill and Carter 1937	SPECIES			cuanzensis		Otomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novitates vol.913 p.7			C Angola; limits uncertain.		Described as a species, but Bohmann (1952) drew it within his polytypic interpretation of O. irroratus, its usual allocation thereafter (Crawford-Cabral, 1986; Ellerman et al., 1953; Meester et al., 1986; Misonne, 1974). Musser and Carleton (1993) mistakenly aligned cuanzensis as a synonym of O. maximus, but its affinity lies with O. irroratus proper, as appreciated by Crawford-Cabral (1986). Hill and Carters (1937) specific description is terse, contrasting cuanzensis solely with Angolan populations of the very different form maximus, not irroratus in the strict sense. The holotype (AMNH 85841) and referred specimens (AMNH series) of cuanzensis approximate O. irroratus in overall size and uniformly possess a six-laminated M3 and large stapedial foramen; however, they differ from O. irroratus in their predominantly brown dorsal pelage and narrower nasals, a contrast also remarked by Bohma... [truncated]	Cuanza Vlei Rat
13001895	Otomys dartmouthi	Thomas 1906	SPECIES			dartmouthi		Otomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.18 p.141			Open moorland, 3300-3900 m, in the Ruwenzori Mtns (Kerbis Peterhans et al., 1998, as O. typus).		Treated as another montane variant of a highly polymorphic O. irroratus (Petter, 1982) or O. typus (Bohmann, 1952; Misonne, 1974). As noted by Thomas (1906a) and Dollman (1915), this form consistently possesses only 6 M3 laminae (confirmed in FMNH 144327, 144328, 144330), unlike the 8-9 in O. typus proper, and is much smaller with more darkly colored, somewhat woolly fur. Morphological and genetic conformity with Ethiopian populations should be demonstrated.	Ruwenzori Vlei Rat
13001896	Otomys denti	Thomas 1906	SPECIES			denti		Otomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.18 p.142		kempi  Dollman, 1915; sungae Bohmann, 1943.	Intermittently found in EC AfricaRuwenzori Mtns, SW Uganda and contiguous Dem. Rep. Congo; through the Virunga volcanoes, E Dem. Rep. Congo (Kivu), Rwanda, and Burundi; to the Nyika Plateau, N Malawi and NE Zambia, and the Usambara and Uluguru mountains, EC Tanzania.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	The form kempi was treated as a distinct species (e.g., Ellerman, 1941; Thomas, 1918b), as originally described (Dollman, 1915), and later reduced to subspecific rank by Bohmann (1952), as observed currently (Ansell, 1978; Delany, 1975; Misonne, 1974; Musser and Carleton, 1993). Confirmation of its status and that of sungae, isolated in the Nyika Plateau and Eastern Arc Mtns, deserves critical evaluation.	Dents Vlei Rat
13001897	Otomys dollmani	Heller 1912	SPECIES			dollmani		Otomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Smithsonian Misc. coll. vol.59 p.5			Known only from the type locality.		Described as a subspecies of orestes and afterwards swept under either O. irroratus (Bohmann, 1952; Petter, 1982) or O. tropicalis (Misonne, 1974; Musser and Carleton, 1993). Hollister (1919) noted dollmanis differentiation from both orestes and tropicalis on Mount Kenya (notably its smaller size, lack of postauricular patches, six-laminated M3, flatter skull profile, as verified with USNM type series) and long ago elevated it to species. We agree.	Dollmans Vlei Rat
13700435	Neomys teres	Miller 1908	SPECIES			teres		Neomys	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.1 p.68		balkaricus  Ognev, 1926; leptodactylus Satunin, 1914; schelkovnikovi Satunin, 1913.	Caucasus (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia); and adjacent Turkey (Krytufek and Vohralík, 2001) and Iran (specimen in ZFMK); eastern Palearctic limits unknown.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as N. schelkovnikovi.	Better known as N. schelkovnikovi as reviewed by Sokolov and Tembotov (1989). Krytufek et al. (1998) reviewed the species in Turkey and showed that teres is the corect name for the species. Karyotype (2n = 52, FN = 98) identical to that of the other two species (Graphodatsky et al., 1993).	Transcaucasian Water Shrew
13700716	Parascaptor leucura	Blyth 1850	SPECIES			leucura		Parascaptor	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.19 p.215, pl. 4			Burma, Assam (India), and Yunnan (China).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Formerly included in T. micrura; see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951:40); but also see Corbet (1978c:33).	White-tailed Mole
13300007	Felovia	Lataste 1886	GENUS					Felovia	Ctenodactylidae	Rodentia	Le Naturaliste vol.7 36 p.287	Massoutiera(Felovia) vae Lataste, 1886.				Proposed as a subgenus of Massoutiera; recognized as a valid genus by O. Thomas (1913a:31) and St. Leger (1931:978).	
13001898	Otomys irroratus	Brants 1827	SPECIES			irroratus		Otomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Het Geslacht der Muizen p.94		auratus  Wroughton, 1906; bisulcatus F. Cuvier, 1829; capensis G. Cuvier, 1830; coenosus Thomas, 1918; cupreoides Roberts, 1946; cupreus Wroughton, 1906; natalensis Roberts, 1929; obscura (Lichtenstein, 1842); orientalis Roberts, 1946; randensis Roberts, 1929; saundersiae Roberts, 1929; typicus (A. Smith, 1834).	Mesic savannah and grasslands of southern AfricaS Western Cape Province to Limpopo Province, South Africa; disjunct populations in W South Africa and in E Zimbabwe and contiguous Mozambique (De Graaff, 1981:146).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>Bohmann (1952) established a broad, improbably polymorphic definition of O. irroratus, including some 23 subspecies, a concept further enlarged by Dieterlen (1968) and Petter (1982) and collectively enveloping the following forms here (and elsewhere) treated as separate species (see individual accounts): O. anchietae, O. angoniensis, O. barbouri, O. burtoni, O. cuanzensis, O. dollmani, O. jacksoni, O. laminatus, O. maximus, O. orestes, O. tropicalis, O. typus, and O. uzungwensis. Although followed to a greater or lesser extent (e.g., Delany, 1975; Honacki et al., 1982; Kingdon, 1974b), such an inclusive species construct has been refuted by others who identify O. irroratus proper as a species indigenous to southern Africa, south of the Zambezi River (e.g., De Graaff, 19... [truncated]	Southern African Vlei Rat
13001900	Otomys lacustris	G. M. Allen and Loveridge 1933	SPECIES			lacustris		Otomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. vol.75 p.120			Isolated populations in mountains, ca. 1400-2300 m, of N Malawi, SC Tanzania (e.g., Stanley et al., 1998), and SW Kenya (Aberdare Range as per Taylor and Kumirai, 2001:Fig. 1).		A distinctive form diagnosed as a subspecies of O. anchietae by its describers and thereafter placed in taxonomic compendia (Bohmann, 1952; Misonne, 1974; Musser and Carleton, 1993). Morphological contrasts noted and specific status reasserted by Dieterlen and Van der Straeten (1992); morphological and morphometric discrimination amplified by Taylor and Kimurai (2001).	Tanzanian Vlei Rat
13001901	Otomys laminatus	Thomas and Schwann 1905	SPECIES			laminatus		Otomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Abst. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1905 18 p.23		fannini  (Roberts, 1951); mariepsi Roberts, 1929; pondoensis Roberts, 1924; silberbaueri Roberts, 1919.	SE Mpumalanga and Free State provinces through KwaZulu-Natal Province, to Transkei; isolated segment in SW Western Cape Province, South Africa (Taylor et al., 1994a:Fig. 6).	IUCN  Least Concern.	A species with highly derived M3 and m1 patterns, designated as the type of Lamotomys, a taxon employed as a subgenus of Otomys by Thomas (1918b) and as a genus by Roberts (1951). Believed to intergrade with O. irroratus by Petter (1982) but usually retained as a distinct species in systematic works (Bohmann, 1952; Misonne, 1974) and faunal studies (De Graaff, 1981; Smithers, 1983; Meester et al., 1986). In addition to the many and obvious morphological differences, allozymic assessments demonstrate the genetic separation of O. laminatus from O. irroratus (Taylor et al., 1989). Karyotype reported by Taylor et al. (1994a), who collected O. laminatus in sympatry with O. angoniensis and O. irroratus in Natal.	KwaZulu Vlei Rat
13001902	Otomys maximus	Roberts 1924	SPECIES			maximus		Otomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Transvaal Mus. vol.10 p.70		davisi  Lundholm, 1955.	Angola (Crawford-Cabral, 1998:Map 22), SW Zambia, Okavango region of Botswana, NE Namibia (Caprivi Strip), and extreme W Zimbabwe.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Described as a subspecies of O. irroratus but Roberts (1951) reconsidered its status as a full species. Thereafter returned to subspecies of O. irroratus (Bohmann, 1952; Ellerman et al., 1953); or viewed as a subspecies of O. angoniensis by Davis (1974), the commonly observed synonymy in faunal and systematic treatises (e.g., Ansell, 1978; De Graaff, 1981; Meester et al., 1986; Misonne, 1974); or continued as a distinct species in others (Corbet and Hill, 1991; Musser and Carleton, 1993; Smithers, 1983; Swanepoel et al., 1980). Based on examinations of AMNH and USNM series from Angola and Botswana, we still favor the last treatment as the best working hypothesis. Although the two are apparently closely related, sharing a nearly occluded or absent stapedial foramen, O. maximus is a larger animal in most external and craniodental measurements (particularly as seen in the robust hindfoot, longer molar row, and deeper mandibular ramus... [truncated]	Okavango Vlei Rat
13001903	Otomys occidentalis	Dieterlen and Van der Straeten 1992	SPECIES			occidentalis		Otomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Bonn. Zool. Beitr. vol.43 p.386			Recorded only from the Gotel Mtns, E Nigeria, and Mount Oku, W Cameroon.	IUCN  Endangered.	A species with 5 laminae on m1, closely related to O. barbouri and O. lacustris in mountains of eastern Africa according to Dieterlen and Van der Straeten (1992).	Western Vlei Rat
13001904	Otomys orestes	Thomas 1900	SPECIES			orestes		Otomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1900 p.175		malleus  Dollman, 1915; percivali Dollman, 1915; thomasi Osgood, 1910; squalus Dollman, 1915; zinki Bohmann, 1943.	Discontinuous in alpine settings, ca. 3200-4500 m, of W and C Kenya and NE Tanzania (Grimshaw et al., 1995).		Populations of O. orestes are apparently confined to open habitats above treeline and exhibit a characteristic morphology: medium-sized species with relatively short tail; fur very deep, soft, and dense with creamy-buff post-auricular patches present; cranial arching strongly pronounced, anterior zygomatic arches squared, and distal expansion of nasals less exaggerated; M3 laminae 6-7, lower incisors with deep lateral and shallow medial grooves. Thomas (1900b) appreciated such morphological distinctions between O. orestes and samples from the middle slopes of Mount Kenya that he later (1902c) recognized as O. tropicalis, as did other early workers with East African Otomys (Wroughton, 1906; Dollman, 1915; Hollister, 1919; Lawrence and Loveridge, 1953). Bohmann (1952) also considered the two Mount Kenyan series as separate species, although he viewed orestes as a synonym of a broadly, if patchily, distributed O.... [truncated]	Afroalpine Vlei Rat
13001905	Otomys saundersiae	Roberts 1929	SPECIES			saundersiae		Otomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Transvaal Mus. vol.13 p.115		karoensis  Roberts, 1931.	Isolated populations in Western Cape, Eastern Cape, and Free State provinces, South Africa, and in Lesotho.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Roberts (1929) named saundersiae as a subspecies of tugelensis (= O. angoniensis) but later (1951) raised it to full species, as commonly recognized in the literature (e.g., Corbet and Hill, 1991; De Graaff, 1981; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1953; Misonne, 1974; Meester et al., 1986). The form karoensis, in Western Cape Province, has been variously treated as a species (G. M. Allen, 1939; Bohmann, 1952; Roberts, 1931; Taylor et al., 1993) or as a distinctive subspecies of O. saundersiae (Roberts, 1951; Taylor et al., in prep.). Taylor et al. (1993, as karoensis; in prep.) provided morphological bases for discrimination of O. saundersiae from O. irroratus, evaluated geographic and nongeographic variation, and contrasted G-banded karyotypes. The apparent rarity of O. saundersiae populations in the region of its type locality, Eastern Cape Province, is discussed by Taylor et al. (in prep.).	Saunders Vlei Rat
13100004	Anomalurus	Waterhouse 1842 "1843"	GENUS					Anomalurus	Anomaluridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1842 p.124	Anomalurus fraseri Waterhouse, 1843 ( = Pteromys derbianus Gray, 1842).	Anomalurella  Matschie, 1914; Anomalurops Matschie, 1914; Aroaethrus Waterhouse, 1843			See Misonne (1974, pt. 6:35).	
13001906	Otomys tropicalis	Thomas 1902	SPECIES			tropicalis		Otomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.10 p.314		elgonis  Wroughton, 1910; faradjius Hatt, 1934; ghigii de Beaux, 1924; giloensis Setzer, 1953; nubilus Dollman, 1915; rubeculus Dollman, 1915; vivax Dollman, 1915; vulcanis Lönnberg and Gyldenstolpe 1925.	S Sudan, S Ethiopia, NE and E Dem. Rep. Congo, Uganda, Rwanda, W Kenya, and NE Tanzania; limits unknown.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>Regarded as conspecific with O. irroratus by Bohmann (1952) and accordingly recognized in regional treatments (Delany, 1975; Kingdon, 1974b); however, others have recognized eastern African tropicalis as morphologically divergent and specifically distinct from the southern African O. irroratus (De Graaff, 1981; Meester et al., 1986; Misonne, 1974; Musser and Carleton, 1993; Taylor and Kumirai, 2001).</p><p>Even removed from O. irroratus and divorced of burtoni and dollmani (see those accounts), at least three assemblages are apparent among the populations embraced by this nominal species. The taxon tropicalis in the strict sense inhabits middle to upper slopes, 2300-4000 m (specimens in USNM), of Mt Kenya and Aberdare Mtns. Examples of the elgonis complex (also faradjius, ghigii?, giloensis, nubilus, vivax) exhibit a dark russet-brown pelage that is somewhat sleek a... [truncated]	East African Vlei Rat
13001907	Otomys typus	Heuglin 1877	SPECIES			typus		Otomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Reise in Nordost-Afrika vol.2 p.77		degeni  Thomas, 1902; fortior Thomas, 1906; helleri Frick, 1914; malkensis Frick, 1914.	Highlands, ca. 1800-4000 m, of NC (Gonder) to SC (Gamo Gofa, N Sidamo, and Bale) Ethiopia (Yalden et al., 1976:Fig. 32).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Dieterlen (1968) and Petter (1982) viewed typus as another variant of a highly polymorphic O. irroratus, a conclusion that conflicts with their morphological discrimination as presented elsewhere (e.g., Ansell, 1978; Bohmann, 1952; Kingdon, 1974b; Misonne, 1974). Nonetheless, the synonyms listed and wide East African distribution as conveyed by the classifications of Bohmann (1952) and Misonne (1974) embrace such immense morphological heterogeneity that diagnosis as a single species is incomprehensible and geographically improbable. In our view, O. typus proper corresponds to those populations with grizzled brown pelage, a moderately vaulted skull, M3 with 8-9 laminae, and two strongly creased grooves on the lower incisors, a morphology endemic to the highlands of Ethiopia. Even so narrowly delineated, the conspecific stature of Ethiopian populations is highly suspect, as suggested by the karyotypic and allozymic diversity reported for Otomy... [truncated]	Ethiopian Vlei Rat
13001908	Otomys uzungwensis	Lawrence and Loveridge 1953	SPECIES			uzungwensis		Otomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. vol.110 p.61			Uzungwe Mtns, WC Tanzania, and Nyika Plateau, N Malawi and NE Zambia, as so far known.		Lawrence and Loveridge (1953) understood their new species as generally affiliated with the jacksoni group, but they presented a combination of traits (especially smaller size, lack of postauricular patches, flatter skull, and broader nasals) that differentiate it from other members of that complex. Relegated to a subspecies of O. typus by Misonne (1974), presumably applying Bohmanns (1952) expansive concept of the species. Certainly not a form of either O. irroratus or O. typus in the strict sense; its relationship and status with regard to O. orestes and included taxa invite investigation.	Uzungwe Vlei Rat
13001909	Parotomys	Thomas 1918	GENUS					Parotomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.2 p.205	Euryotis brantsii A. Smith, 1834.	Liotomys  Thomas, 1918.			Diagnosed as genus by Thomas (1918b) and maintained at that rank in most systematic and faunal accounts (Ellerman, 1941; Ellerman et al., 1953; Misonne, 1974; De Graaff, 1981; Meester et al., 1986; Musser and Carleton, 1993). Bohmann (1952) allocated Parotomys as another synonym of an all- inclusive genus Otomys; Roberts (1951) elevated Liotomys to generic rank. Generic boundaries may also include sloggetti and unisulcatus, species typically classified as Otomys; see comments and references under subfamily and Myotomys.	
13700437	Nesiotites hidalgo	Bate 1945	SPECIES			hidalgo		Nesiotites	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 11 vol.11 p.742			Mallorca, Menorca, and Menorca (Reumer, 1982).	Extinct.	Vanished in historical times (Reumer, 1980b). The morphology of the species was described in detail by Reumer (1980a). The epithet hidalgoi, as used by Alcover et al. (2000) in the combination Asoriculus hidalgoi, is an unjustified emendation.	Balearic Shrew
13400165	Dinomyidae	Peters 1873	FAMILY						Dinomyidae	Rodentia	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin p.552					Includes a diversity of very large extinct species. Included in the superfamily Cavioidea by Woods (1982) and McKenna and Bell (1997).	
13001910	Parotomys brantsii	A. Smith 1834	SPECIES			brantsii		Parotomys	Muridae	Rodentia	South African Quart. J., Ser. 2 vol.2 p.150		deserti  Roberts, 1933; luteolus (Thomas and Schwann, 1904); pallida (Wagner, 1841); rufifrons (Rüppell, 1842).	Western, Eastern, and Northern Cape provinces, South Africa, to SW Botswana and SE Namibia (De Graaff, 1981:160).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Although Port Nolloth, purportedly as restricted by Thomas and Schwann (1904:178), is usually cited as the type locality of P. brantsii (e.g., Ellerman et al., 1953; Meester et al., 1986), a careful reading of Thomas and Schwann indicates that they had actually associated one of Smiths cotypes with a series collected at Klipfontein, a place some 50 miles inland from Port Nolloth. The notion that the type locality was "restricted" to Port Nolloth apparently stems from an inadvertent indication in Roberts (1951). A future revisor of the species should clarify this matter. Meester et al. (1986) recognized deserti and rufifrons as subspecies in addition to the nominate form.	Brantss Whistling Rat
13001911	Parotomys littledalei	Thomas 1918	SPECIES			littledalei		Parotomys	Muridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.2 p.205		molopensis  Roberts, 1933; namibensis Roberts, 1933.	N Western Cape and Northern Cape provinces, South Africa, to S and W Namibia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Type species of Liotomys, named as a subgenus of Parotomys by Thomas (1918b) and viewed as a genus by Roberts (1951). Sister species to P. brantsii according to phylogenetic interpretation of allozymic data (Meester et al., 1992; Taylor et al., 1989). Meester et al. (1986) retained all species-group taxa as subspecies.	Littledales Whistling Rat
13100002	Anomaluridae	Gervais 1849	FAMILY						Anomaluridae	Rodentia	In DOrbigny, Dict. Univ. Hist. Nat. vol.11 p.203					See Misonne (1974, pt. 6:3-5).	
13100003	Anomalurinae	Gervais 1849	SUBFAMILY						Anomaluridae	Rodentia	In DOrbigny, Dict. Univ. Hist. Nat. vol.11 p.203						
14000233	Panthera leo subsp. kamptzi	Matschie 1900	SUBSPECIES		kamptzi	leo		Panthera	Felidae	Carnivora							
13100005	Anomalurus beecrofti	Fraser 1852 "1853"	SPECIES			beecrofti		Anomalurus	Anomaluridae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1852 p.17		argenteus Schwann, 1904; chapini (J. A. Allen, 1922); citrinus Thomas, 1916; fulgens Gray, 1869; hervoi Dekeyser and Villiers, 1951; laniger Temminck, 1853; schoutedeni Verheyen, 1968.	Guinea-Bissau, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, N Angola, Dem. Rep. Congo, W Uganda, NW Zambia.	CITES  Appendix III (Ghana); IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Not mentioned in Schlitter (1989).	Belongs to the distinct genus Anomalurops according to Ansell (1978:73), Grubb et al. (1998:185), Rosevear (1969:159), and Verheyen (1968:404). Taxa argenteus and hervoi were considered "valid as a race" by Rosevear (1969); chapini and citrinus were considered "well defined subspecies" by Verheyen (1968); schoutedeni was considered a distinct species by Verheyen (1968) and by Cabral (1971). There is no proof of the validity of subspecies (A. C. Schunke, in litt.).	Beecrofts Scaly-tailed Squirrel.
13100006	Anomalurus derbianus	Gray 1842	SPECIES			derbianus		Anomalurus	Anomaluridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.10 p.262		beldeni  Du Chaillu, 1860; chrysophaenus Dubois, 1888; cinereus Thomas, 1895; erythronotus Milne-Edwards, 1879; fortior Lönnberg, 1917; fraseri (Waterhouse, 1843); griselda Dollman, 1914; imperator Dollman, 1911; jacksoni de Winton, 1898; jordani St. Leger, 1935; laticeps dAquilar-Amat, 1922; neavei Dollman, 1909; nigrensis Thomas, 1904; orientalis Peters, 1880; perustus Thomas, 1914; squamicaudus (Schinz, 1845).	Sierra Leone, Côte dIroire, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Angola, Dem. Rep. Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia, N Malawi, Mozambique.	CITES  Appendix III (Ghana); IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Not mentioned in Schlitter (1989).	See Misonne (1974, pt. 6:4-5). Distribution in Côte dIroire formerly questionable, but occurrence confirmed by Fischer et al. (2002). Taxa fraseri, imperator and nigrensis were considered "valid as a race" by Rosevear (1969); beldeni, neavei and perustus were considered "well defined subspecies" by Verheyen (1968); laticeps and squamicaudus are synonyms of fraseri (Allen 1939); fortior is a synonym of jacksoni (Verheyen 1968). There is no proof of the validity of subspecies (A. C. Schunke, in litt.).	Lord Derbys Scaly-tailed Squirrel
13100007	Anomalurus pelii	Schlegel and S. Müller 1845	SPECIES			pelii		Anomalurus	Anomaluridae	Rodentia	In Temminck, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Nederland. Overz. Bezitt., Zool., Mammalia vol.1 pt. 2 p.109 [1843-1845]		auzembergeri  Matschie, 1914.	NE Liberia, Côte d'Ivoire to Ghana.	CITES  Appendix III (Ghana); IUCN  Lower Risk (nt). Not mentioned in Schlitter (1989).	Kuhn (1966:337) considered auzembergeri a distinct subspecies, which was confirmed by A. C. Schunke (in litt.).	Pels Scaly-tailed Squirrel
13100008	Anomalurus pelii subsp. pelii	Schlegel and S. Müller 1845	SUBSPECIES		pelii	pelii		Anomalurus	Anomaluridae	Rodentia	In Temminck, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Nederland. Overz. Bezitt., Zool., Mammalia vol.1 pt. 2 p.109 [1843-1845]						
13100009	Anomalurus pelii subsp. auzembergeri	Matschie 1914	SUBSPECIES		auzembergeri	pelii		Anomalurus	Anomaluridae	Rodentia							
13100010	Anomalurus pusillus	Thomas 1887	SPECIES			pusillus		Anomalurus	Anomaluridae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5 vol.20 p.440		batesi  de Winton, 1897.	Liberia (Rosevear 1969:159), S Cameroon, Gabon, NE and E Dem. Rep. Congo, W Uganda (?).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Rosevear (1969:158) considered batesi a valid race, but not valid according to A. C. Schunke (in litt.).	Dwarf Scaly-tailed Squirrel
13100013	Idiurus macrotis	Miller 1898	SPECIES			macrotis		Idiurus	Anomaluridae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.12 p.73		cansdalei Hayman, 1946; langi J. A. Allen, 1922; panga J. A. Allen, 1922.	Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ghana, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon (see Julliot et al., 1998). N, NE, and E Dem. Rep. Congo, W Tanzania (see Schunke and Hutterer, 2000).	CITES  Appendix III (Ghana); IUCN  Lower Risk (nt). Not mentioned in Schlitter (1989).	The names langi and panga were considered synonyms of I. m. macrotis by Verheyen (1963:183); cansdalei was regarded as a subspecies by Hayman (1946:211) and by Verheyen (1963:183). In the second edition of this text, Dieterlen (1993) included kivuensis Lönnberg, 1917, by mistake in macrotis instead of including it in zenkeri, as was correctly done by Verheyen (1963:182).	Long-eared Scaly-tailed Flying Squirrel
13100014	Idiurus zenkeri	Matschie 1894	SPECIES			zenkeri		Idiurus	Anomaluridae	Rodentia	Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin p.197, text-f [1894]		haymani  Verheyen, 1963; kivuensis Lönnberg, 1917.	Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, NE and E Dem. Rep. Congo, W Uganda. See Schunke and Hutterer (2000).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt); "Insufficiently known" according to Schlitter (1989).	Includes kivuensis, originally considered (by Lönnberg), as a subspecies of zenkeri, then considered a valid species by Hayman (1946:211); Verheyen (1963:183) regarded it as a synonym of I. z. zenkeri. Dieterlen (1993:758) included kivuensis erronously in I. macrotis, see comments therein.	Pygmy Scaly-tailed Flying Squirrel
13100015	Zenkerella	Matschie 1898	GENUS					Zenkerella	Anomaluridae	Rodentia	Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin vol.4 p.23	Zenkerella insignis Matschie, 1898.	Aethurus de Winton, 1898.				
13200001	Pedetidae	Gray 1825	FAMILY						Pedetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Philos., n.s. vol.10 p.342					See Misonne (1974, Pt. 6:8). The phylogenetic position of the Pedetidae (as is also the case with ctenodactilids) has traditionally been uncertain because it shares both hystricognathic and sciurognatic characters. Ellerman (1940) suggested placing them in an independent Superfamily Pedetoidea within the Suborder Sciuromorpha, which was supported by Fischer and Mossman (1969), Lavocat (1974), and Wood (1974). Otiangaa-Owiti et al. (1992) investigated fetal membranes and placental development of the East African Springhare and confirmed a close relationship to Suborder Sciuromorpha, in which they would place springhares in their own Superfamily Pedetoidea. Landry (1999) recognized the pedetids as a group of high phylogenetic position and suggested the creation of a separate Suborder Pedetomorpha, of equal rank with Entodacrya and Sciurognathi. According to Huchon et al. (2000), the pedetids form an independent and early diverging major lineage because of their incisors possessing a mul... [truncated]	
13200002	Pedetes	Illiger 1811	GENUS					Pedetes	Pedetidae	Rodentia	Prodr. Syst. Mamm. Avium. p.81	Yerbua capensis Forster, 1778.	Helamis G. Cuvier, 1821; Helamys G. Cuvier, 1816 [variant]; Pedestes Gray, 1843 [lapsus cal.]; Yerbua Forster, 1778.				
13200003	Pedetes capensis	Forster 1778	SPECIES			capensis		Pedetes	Pedetidae	Rodentia	K. Svenska Vet.-Akad., Handl. Stockholm (1) vol.39 p.109		albaniensis  Roberts, 1946; angolae Hinton, 1920; cafer (Pallas, 1778); damarensis Roberts, 1926; fouriei Roberts, 1938; orangiae Wroughton, 1907; salinae Wroughton, 1907; typicus A. Smith, 1834.	South Africa, Namibia, Angola, Botswana, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zambia, S Dem. Rep. Congo.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	See Misonne (1974, pt. 6:8); de Graaff (1981:43). According to Matthee and Robinson (1997), there is no proof of the validity of subspecies.	South African Spring Hare
13200004	Pedetes surdaster	Thomas 1902	SPECIES			surdaster		Pedetes	Pedetidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.9 p.440		currax  Hollister, 1918; dentatus Miller, 1927; larvalis Hollister, 1918; taborae G. M. Allen and Loveridge, 1927.	Tanzania, Kenya.	IUCN  Vulnerable (as included in P. capensis?).	A distinct species according to Thomas (1902), Hollister (1918), Coe (1969), and Davies (1982). The separation of surdaster from capensis was strongly supported by Matthee and Robinson (1997) based upon genetic, morphological, and ethological differences between the East African and South African Springhares. There is no proof of the validity of subspecies.	East African Spring Hare
13300001	HYSTRICOMORPHA	Brandt 1855	SUBORDER							Rodentia							
13300002	CTENODACTYLOMORPHI	Chaline and Mein 1979	INFRAORDER							Rodentia							
13300003	Ctenodactylidae	Gervais 1853	FAMILY						Ctenodactylidae	Rodentia	Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris), ser. 3 vol.20 p.245					Reviewed by W. George (1979a). The phylogenetic position of the Ctenodactylidae has traditionally been uncertain, being either grouped with the Hystricognathi or considered a quite separate and early ofshoot of the rodent stem (Hartenberger, 1985). According to Luckett (1985), Bugge (1985), and George (1985), ctenodactylids are an early offshoot of the hystricognathous rodents. Beintema et al. (1991), stating that no molecular data were available, investigated tissues, blood, and proteins and concluded that it was not yet possible to determine whether ctenodactylids and hystricognathous rodents "share a common ancestor or are located on separate branches." Huchon et al. (2000), using the von Willebrand factor (vWF) gene and working with two different molecular dating methods, concluded that their analyses strongly supported a sister-clade relationship between Ctenodactylidae and Hystricognathi and rejected the possibility that the Ctenodactylidae alone might be the earliest bran... [truncated]	
13300004	Ctenodactylus	Gray 1830	GENUS					Ctenodactylus	Ctenodactylidae	Rodentia	Spicilegia Zoologica vol.2 p.10	Ctenodactylus massonii Gray, 1830 (= Mus gundi Rothmann, 1776).				Reviewed by W. George (1979a).	
13700604	Sorex trowbridgii subsp. montereyensis	Merriam 1895	SUBSPECIES		montereyensis	trowbridgii	unnamed subgenus, see comments	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13400166	Dinomys	Peters 1873	GENUS					Dinomys	Dinomyidae	Rodentia	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin p.551	Dinomys branickii Peters, 1873.					
13400001	HYSTRICOGNATHI	Brandt 1855	INFRAORDER							Rodentia						Originally used as a tribe (Tribus) by Tullberg under his Order Glires, Suborder Simplicidentati, the first time this natural group was united together without various hystricomorphous forms. Includes: Hystricidae, Thryonomyoidea, Bathyergoidea, "Caviomorpha", and the Eocene-Oligocene Franimorpha. See Tullberg (1899:69-71) and Wood (1985:478-495) for definitions of hystricognath characters and lists of taxa. The Ctenodactylidae have been identified as the sister taxon of the Hystricognathi from analyses of molecular data (Adkins et al., 2003; Huchon et al., 2000) and Huchon et al. (2000) suggested that the two taxa be recognized as the Ctenohystricha. The name Ctenohystricha is predated by Entodacrya Landry, 1999. Woods (1993) suggested that the term "Caviomorpha" was inappropriate since it was unlikely that all New World forms were part of a single radiation, however, molecular data (Huchon and Douzery, 2001; Nedbal et al., 1994) have consistently found that the Caviomorpha form a mon... [truncated]	
13400002	Bathyergidae	Waterhouse 1841	FAMILY						Bathyergidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser.1] vol.8 p.81		Orycterideae Lesson, 1842.			The family traditionally has been divided into two subfamilies (Roberts, 1951): Bathyerginae with grooved upper incisors (Bathyergus); and Georychinae with ungrooved upper incisors (Cryptomys, Georychus, Heliophobius, Heterocephalus). Ellerman et al. (1953:227) suggested that a third subfamily should be recognized for the aberrant East African Heterocephalus. Molecular data (Allard and Honeycutt, 1992; Faulkes et al., 1997; Honeycutt et al., 1991; Janecek et al., 1992; Nevo et al., 1987; Walton et al., 2000) do not support the traditional division into two subfamilies, but Heterocephalus is the most basal taxon of this family in nearly all of these studies. McKenna and Bell (1997) recognized two subfamilies, the Bathyerginae and the Heterocephalinae and placed the family in the parvorder Bathyergomorphi. Recent protein electrophoretic (Filippucci et al., 1994; 1997; Janecek et al., 1992; Nevo et al., 1987), karyotypic (Aguilar, 1993; Bur... [truncated]	
13400003	Bathyerginae	Waterhouse 1841	SUBFAMILY						Bathyergidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser.1] vol.8 p.81		Georychinae Roberts, 1951.			Includes both the Bathyerginae and the Georychinae of Roberts (1951), thus including all living genera of the Bathyergidae except Heterocephalus.	
13400004	Bathyergus	Illiger 1811	GENUS					Bathyergus	Bathyergidae	Rodentia	Prodr. Syst. Mamm. Avium. p.86	Mus maritimus Gmelin, 1788 (= Mus suillus Schreber, 1782).	Orycterus  Cuvier, 1829.				
13400005	Bathyergus janetta	Thomas and Schwann 1904	SPECIES			janetta		Bathyergus	Bathyergidae	Rodentia	Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1904 2 p.6		inselbergensis  Shortridge and Carter, 1938; plowesi Roberts, 1946.	SW South Africa; S Namibia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Ellerman et al. (1953) included janetta as a subspecies of suillus, but de Graaff (1975) regarded janetta and suillus as separate species. The genetic distance (Janeck et al., 1992; Nevo et al., 1987) and sequence divergence (Allard and Honeycutt, 1992) observed between these two taxa are smaller or similar to values reported between subspecies of Cryptomys hottentotus. Roberts (1951) recognized three subspecies of janetta but de Graaff (1981) considered this taxon monotypic. Karyptype has 2n=54 and FN=104 (Nevo et al., 1986).	Namaqua Dune Mole-rat
13700438	Nesiotites similis	Hensel 1855	SPECIES			similis		Nesiotites	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Z. Dtsch. Geol. Ges. vol.7 p.459			Sardinia.	Extinct.	This species probably vanished from Sardinia during the Middle Ages (Vigne, 1992).	Sardinian Shrew
13700616	Sorex veraecrucis subsp. oaxacae	Jackson 1925	SUBSPECIES		oaxacae	veraecrucis	unnamed subgenus, see comments	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13400006	Bathyergus suillus	Schreber 1782	SPECIES			suillus		Bathyergus	Bathyergidae	Rodentia	Die Säugethiere vol.4 p.715		africana  (Lamarck, 1796); intermedius Roberts, 1926; maritimus (Gmelin, 1788).	S South Africa.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	De Graaff (1981) considered suillus monotypic. Karyptype has 2n=56 and FN=102 (Nevo et al., 1986).	Cape Dune Mole-rat
13400007	Cryptomys	Gray 1864	GENUS					Cryptomys	Bathyergidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1864 p.124	Georychus holosericeus Wagner, 1842 (= Bathyergus hottentotus Lesson, 1826).	Coetomys  Gray, 1864; Typhloryctes Fitzinger, 1867.			Originally a subgenus of Georychus; a relationship generally not supported by molecular data (Allard and Honeycutt, 1992; Honeycutt et al., 1991; Janecek et al., 1992; Nevo et al., 1987; Walton et al., 2000), which suggest a sister taxon relationship between Georychus and Bathyergus. This genus has long been problematic because of extreme morphological variation and is in need of further revision.	
13400008	Cryptomys amatus	Wroughton 1907	SPECIES			amatus		Cryptomys	Bathyergidae	Rodentia	Manchester Mem. vol.51 5 p.28		molyneuxi  (Chubb, 1908).	Zambia and Dem. Rep. Congo.		Included as a subspecies of hottentotus by de Graaff (1975) but considered a distinct species based on chromosomal differentiation by Macholán et al. (1998). Karyotype has 2n=50 and FN=92 (Macholán et al., 1998).	Zambian Mole-rat
13400009	Cryptomys anselli	Burda, Zima, Scharff, Macholán, and Kawalika 1999	SPECIES			anselli		Cryptomys	Bathyergidae	Rodentia	Z. Säugetierk. vol.64 1 p.37			Vicinity of Lusaka, S Zambia.		Protein electrophoretic data (Filippucci et al., 1997) suggest a close relationship with mechowi. Karyotype has 2n=68 and FN=75-78 (Burda et al., 1999).	Ansells Mole-rat
13400010	Cryptomys bocagei	de Winton 1897	SPECIES			bocagei		Cryptomys	Bathyergidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.20 p.323		kubangensis  (Monard, 1933).	C Angola, NW Zambia, S Dem. Rep. Congo.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Included as a subspecies of hottentotus by de Graaff (1975, 1981) but considered a distinct species based on characteristics of the infraorbital foramina by Honeycutt et al. (1991).	Bocages Mole-rat
13400167	Dinomys branickii	Peters 1873	SPECIES			branickii		Dinomys	Dinomyidae	Rodentia	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin p.551		gigas  Anthony, 1921; occidentalis Lönnberg, 1921; pacarana de Miranda-Ribeiro, 1919.	Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, and Bolivia.	IUCN  Endangered; rare.	Reviewed by White and Alberico (1992). The placement within the Chinchilloidea by Mones (1981) and Reig (1986) is supported in the molecular analysis of Huchon and Douzery (2001).	Pacarana
13400011	Cryptomys damarensis	Ogilby 1838	SPECIES			damarensis		Cryptomys	Bathyergidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1838 p.5		lugardi  (de Winton, 1898); micklemi (Chubb, 1909); ovamboensis Roberts, 1946.	E Namibia, Botswana, W Zimbabwe, S Zambia, S Angola.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Included as a subspecies of hottentotus by de Graaff (1975, 1981) but considered a distinct species based on characteristics of the infraorbital foramina by Honeycutt et al. (1991). Protein electrophoretic data (Filippucci et al., 1994; 1997) suggest this taxon is more closely related to anselli, kafuensis, and mechowi than to hottentotus. Karyotype has 2n=74 or 78 and FN=92 (Nevo et al., 1986).	Damara Mole-rat
13400012	Cryptomys darlingi	Roberts 1895	SPECIES			darlingi		Cryptomys	Bathyergidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.16 p.239		beirae  (Thomas and Wroughton, 1907); nimrodi (de Winton, 1896); zimbitiensis Roberts, 1946.	E Zimbabwe and W Mozambique.		Included as a subspecies of hottentotus by de Graaff (1975, 1981) and Honeycutt et al. (1991) but considered a distinct species based on chromosomal differentiation by Aguilar (1993). Karyotype has 2n=54 and FN=80 (Aguilar, 1993).	Darlings Mole-rat
13400013	Cryptomys foxi	Thomas 1911	SPECIES			foxi		Cryptomys	Bathyergidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.7 p.462			C Nigeria.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Honeycutt et al. (1991:50) recognized foxi as distinct. Karyotype has 2n=66 and FN=126 or 2n=70 and FN=134 (Williams et al., 1984).	Nigerian Mole-rat
13400014	Cryptomys hottentotus	Lesson 1826	SPECIES			hottentotus		Cryptomys	Bathyergidae	Rodentia	Zool. vol.1 p.166		albus  (Roberts, 1913); bigalkei Roberts, 1924; caecutiens (Brants, 1827); cradockensis Roberts, 1924; exenticus (Trouessart, 1899); holosericeus (Wagner, 1842); jorisseni (Jameson, 1909); ludwigii (Smith, 1829); nemo G. Allen, 1939; orangiae Roberts, 1926; pallidus (Roberts, 1917); talpoides (Thomas and Schwann, 1906); transvaalensis Roberts, 1924; valschensis Roberts, 1946; vandami (Roberts, 1917); vetensis Roberts, 1926; vryburgensis (Roberts, 1917); natalensis Roberts, 1913; aberrans (Roberts, 1913); anomalus (Roberts, 1913); arenarius (Roberts, 1913); jamesoni (Roberts, 1913); junodi Roberts, 1926; komatiensis (Roberts, 1917); langi Roberts, 1929; mahali (Roberts, 1913); melanoticus Roberts, 1926; montanus Roberts, 1926; palki (Roberts, 1917); pretoriae (Roberts, 1913); rufulus (Roberts, 1917); stellatus (Roberts, 1917); streeteri Roberts, 1946; zuluensis Roberts, 1951; whytei Thomas, 1897; occlusus Allen and Loveridge, 1933.	South Africa to Tanzania, S Dem. Rep. Congo, and Namibia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes holosericeus and natalensis (de Graaff, 1975:3-4; Honeycutt et al., 1991:51). Corbet and Hill (1991:208) recognized natalensis as a distinct species without comment. De Graff (1975, 1981) recognized seven subspecies (amatus, bocagei, damarensis, hottentatus, natalensis, and whytei) but amatus, bocagei, damarensis and darlingi have subsequently been considered distinct species. Karyotype of C. h. hottentotus has 2n=54 and FN=106 (Nevo et al., 1986) and C. h. natalensis has 2n=54 and FN=104 (Nevo et al., 1986).	Southern African Mole-rat
13400015	Cryptomys hottentotus subsp. hottentotus	Lesson 1826	SUBSPECIES		hottentotus	hottentotus		Cryptomys	Bathyergidae	Rodentia	Zool. vol.1 p.166						
13400016	Cryptomys hottentotus subsp. natalensis	Roberts 1913	SUBSPECIES		natalensis	hottentotus		Cryptomys	Bathyergidae	Rodentia							
13400017	Cryptomys hottentotus subsp. whytei	Thomas 1897	SUBSPECIES		whytei	hottentotus		Cryptomys	Bathyergidae	Rodentia							
13400018	Cryptomys kafuensis	Burda, Zima, Scharff, Macholán, and Kawalika 1999	SPECIES			kafuensis		Cryptomys	Bathyergidae	Rodentia	Z. Säugetierk. vol.64 1 p.39			Vicinity of Itezhi-Tezhi, S Zambia.		Protein electrophoretic data (Filippucci et al., 1997) suggest affinity with anselli and mechowi. Karyotype with a 2n=58 and FN=78 (Burda et al., 1999).	Kafue Mole-rat
13400019	Cryptomys mechowi	Peters 1881	SPECIES			mechowi		Cryptomys	Bathyergidae	Rodentia	Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr., Berlin p.133		ansorgei  (Thomas and Wroughton, 1905); blainei Hinton, 1921; mellandi (Thomas, 1906).	Angola, S Dem. Rep. Congo, Malawi, Zambia, Tanzania.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes ansorgei, blainei, and mellandi (de Graaff, 1975:3). Corbet and Hill (1991:207) spelled the name mechowii. Karyotype has 2n=40 and FN=76 (Macholán et al., 1993). Filippucci et al. (1997) suggested affinity with anselli, kafuensis and damarensis.	Giant Mole-rat
13400020	Cryptomys mechowi subsp. mechowi	Peters 1881	SUBSPECIES		mechowi	mechowi		Cryptomys	Bathyergidae	Rodentia	Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr., Berlin p.133						
13400021	Cryptomys mechowi subsp. mellandi	Thomas 1906	SUBSPECIES		mellandi	mechowi		Cryptomys	Bathyergidae	Rodentia							
13400022	Cryptomys ochraceocinereus	Heuglin 1864	SPECIES			ochraceocinereus		Cryptomys	Bathyergidae	Rodentia	Nouv. Acta Acad. Caes. Leop. Dresden vol.31 p.3		kummi  (Thomas, 1911); lechei (Thomas, 1895); oweni Setzer, 1956.	E Nigeria, Central Africian Republic, N Dem. Rep. Congo, S Sudan, NW Uganda.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes kummi and lechei (de Graaff, 1975:3).	Ochre Mole-rat
13700632	Scalopini	Gill 1875	TRIBE						Talpidae	Soricomorpha	Bull. Geol. Geogr. Surv. vol.1 2 p.106		Parascalopina Hutchison, 1968.				
13400027	Georychus capensis	Pallas 1778	SPECIES			capensis		Georychus	Bathyergidae	Rodentia	Njova. Spec. Quad. Glir. Ord. vol.76 p.172		buffonii  (Cuvier, 1834); canescens (Thomas and Schwann, 1906); leucops (Lichtenstein, 1844); yatesi (Roberts, 1913).	South Africa.	IUCN  KwaZulu Natal population Critically Endangered, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	Roberts (1951) recognized three subspecies capensis, canescens and yatesi but de Graaff (1975) considered this taxon monotypic. Karyotype has 2n=54 and FN=100 (Nevo et al., 1986). Honeycutt et al. (1991:53) indicated there may be two species in South Africa, based on differences in mtDNA sequences and allozyme frequencies.	Cape Mole-rat
13400028	Heliophobius	Peters 1846	GENUS					Heliophobius	Bathyergidae	Rodentia	Bericht Verhandl. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.11 p.259	Heliophobius argenteocinereus Peters, 1846.	Myoscalops  Thomas, 1890.				
13400029	Heliophobius argenteocinereus	Peters 1846	SPECIES			argenteocinereus		Heliophobius	Bathyergidae	Rodentia	Bericht Verhandl. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.11 p.259		albifrons  (Gray, 1864); pallidus (Gray, 1864); angonicus Thomas, 1917; emini Noack, 1894; kapiti Heller, 1909; marungensis Noack, 1887; mottoulei (Schouteden, 1913); robustus Thomas, 1906; spalax Thomas, 1910.	Zimbabwe, E Zambia, and N Mozambique to Dem. Rep. Congo, Kenya, and N Tanzania.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Honeycutt et al. (1991:54-55) concluded that the characters used to separate H. spalax from H. argenteocinereus are due to age variation, and that the genus is monotypic. See also de Graaff (1975, 1981) who considered the species polytypic with nine subspecies. Karyotype of specimens from Kenya has 2n=60 and FN=114 (George, 1979b) whereas specimens from Zambia have 2n=62 and FN=114 (Scharff et al., 2001).	Silvery Mole-rat
13400030	Heliophobius argenteocinereus subsp. argenteocinereus	Peters 1846	SUBSPECIES		argenteocinereus	argenteocinereus		Heliophobius	Bathyergidae	Rodentia	Bericht Verhandl. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.11 p.259						
13400031	Heliophobius argenteocinereus subsp. albifrons	Gray 1864	SUBSPECIES		albifrons	argenteocinereus		Heliophobius	Bathyergidae	Rodentia							
13400032	Heliophobius argenteocinereus subsp. angonicus	Thomas 1917	SUBSPECIES		angonicus	argenteocinereus		Heliophobius	Bathyergidae	Rodentia							
13400033	Heliophobius argenteocinereus subsp. emini	Noack 1894	SUBSPECIES		emini	argenteocinereus		Heliophobius	Bathyergidae	Rodentia							
13400034	Heliophobius argenteocinereus subsp. kapiti	Heller 1909	SUBSPECIES		kapiti	argenteocinereus		Heliophobius	Bathyergidae	Rodentia							
13400035	Heliophobius argenteocinereus subsp. marungensis	Noack 1887	SUBSPECIES		marungensis	argenteocinereus		Heliophobius	Bathyergidae	Rodentia							
13400036	Heliophobius argenteocinereus subsp. mottoulei	Schouteden 1913	SUBSPECIES		mottoulei	argenteocinereus		Heliophobius	Bathyergidae	Rodentia							
13400037	Heliophobius argenteocinereus subsp. robustus	Thomas 1906	SUBSPECIES		robustus	argenteocinereus		Heliophobius	Bathyergidae	Rodentia							
13400038	Heliophobius argenteocinereus subsp. spalax	Thomas 1910	SUBSPECIES		spalax	argenteocinereus		Heliophobius	Bathyergidae	Rodentia							
13400039	Heterocephalinae	Landry 1957	SUBFAMILY						Bathyergidae	Rodentia	Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool. vol.56 p.74					Molecular data (Allard and Honeycutt, 1992; Faulkes et al., 1997; Nedbal et al., 1994; Walton et al., 2000) support the recognition of the aberrant East African Heterocephalus as a distinct subfamily.	
13400040	Heterocephalus	Rüppell 1842	GENUS					Heterocephalus	Bathyergidae	Rodentia	Mus. Senckenbergianum Abh. vol.3 2 p.99	Heterocephalus glaber Rüppell, 1842.	Fornarina  Thomas, 1903.				
13400041	Heterocephalus glaber	Rüppell 1842	SPECIES			glaber		Heterocephalus	Bathyergidae	Rodentia	Mus. Senckenbergianum Abh. vol.3 2 p.99		ansorgei  Thomas, 1903; dunni Thomas, 1909; phillipsi Thomas, 1885; progrediens Lönnberg, 1911; scortecci de Beaux, 1934; stygius Allen, 1912.	C Somalia, C and E Ethiopia, C and S Kenya.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Common.	Allen (1939) recognized two subspecies, however, this taxon is in need of a thorough revision (Honeycutt et al., 1991). According to Honeycutt et al. (1991:58), genetic data indicate there are two geographic groups of this species in Kenya. Karyotype has 2n=60 (George, 1979b).	Naked Mole-rat
13400042	Hystricidae	G. Fischer 1817	FAMILY						Hystricidae	Rodentia	Mem. Soc. Imp. Nat., Moscow vol.5 p.372					Reviewed by Mohr (1965) and by Van Weers (1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1983). Usually divided into two subfamilies (Atherurinae, Hystricinae) see McKenna and Bell (1997), but Van Weers (1977, 1978, 1979) does not agree. This family appears to be the most divergent of the suborder (Huchon and Douzery, 2001).	
13400043	Atherurus	F. Cuvier 1829	GENUS					Atherurus	Hystricidae	Rodentia	Dict. Sci. Nat. vol.59 p.483	Hystrix macroura Linnaeus, 1758.				See Van Weers (1977:213).	
13400044	Atherurus africanus	Gray 1842	SPECIES			africanus		Atherurus	Hystricidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat Hist., [ser. 1] vol.10 p.261		armata  Gervais, 1854; burrowsi Thomas, 1902; centralis Thomas, 1895; turneri St. Leger, 1932.	Gambia, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ghana, Dem. Rep. Congo, Kenya, Uganda, S Sudan.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes centralis and turneri; see Misonne (1974:8).	African Brush-tailed Porcupine
13400045	Atherurus macrourus	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			macrourus		Atherurus	Hystricidae	Rodentia	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.57		angustiramus  Mohr, 1964; assamensis Thomas, 1921; hainanus Allen, 1906; pemangilis Robinson, 1912; retardatus Mohr, 1964; stevensi Thomas, 1925; terutaus Lyon, 1907; tionis Thomas, 1908; zygomatica Miller, 1903.	E Assam (India), Szeechwas, Yunnan, Hupei, and Hainan (China) to Malaya, Sumatra, and adjacent islands, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Burma.	IUCN  Endangered as A. m. assamensis, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	Includes angustiramus, assamensis, hainanus, retardatus, stevensi, terutaus, tionis, and zygomatica (Van Weers, 1977).	Asiatic Brush-tailed Porcupine
13400046	Hystrix	Linnaeus 1758	GENUS					Hystrix	Hystricidae	Rodentia	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.56	Hystrix cristata Linnaeus, 1758.	Acanthion  Cuvier, 1823; Acanthochoerus Gray, 1866; Oedocephalus Gray, 1866 [see Allen, 1939]; Thecurus Lyon, 1907.			Divided into three subgenera: Acanthion, Hystrix, and Thecurus (see Van Weers, 1978; 1979).	
13400047	Hystrix	Linnaeus 1758	SUBGENUS				Hystrix	Hystrix	Hystricidae	Rodentia	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.56	Hystrix cristata Linnaeus, 1758.					
13400048	Acanthion	Cuvier 1823	SUBGENUS				Acanthion	Hystrix	Hystricidae	Rodentia							
13400049	Thecurus	Lyon 1907	SUBGENUS				Thecurus	Hystrix	Hystricidae	Rodentia							
13400050	Hystrix africaeaustralis	Peter 1852	SPECIES			africaeaustralis	Hystrix	Hystrix	Hystricidae	Rodentia	Reise nach Mossambique, Säugeth. p.170		capensis  Grill, 1858; prittwitzi Müller, 1910; stegmanni Müller, 1910; zuluensis Roberts, 1936.	Mouth of the Congo River to Rwanda, Uganda, Kenya, W and S Tanzania, Mozambique, and South Africa. Sympatric with H. cristata.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Common.	Subgenus Hystrix. Revised by Corbet and Jones (1965); see Van Weers (1983).	Cape Porcupine
13400051	Hystrix africaeaustralis subsp. africaeaustralis	Peter 1852	SUBSPECIES		africaeaustralis	africaeaustralis	Hystrix	Hystrix	Hystricidae	Rodentia	Reise nach Mossambique, Säugeth. p.170						
13400052	Hystrix africaeaustralis subsp. zuluensis	Roberts 1936	SUBSPECIES		zuluensis	africaeaustralis	Hystrix	Hystrix	Hystricidae	Rodentia							
13700631	Condylura cristata subsp. nigra	Smith 1940	SUBSPECIES		nigra	cristata		Condylura	Talpidae	Soricomorpha							
13400053	Hystrix brachyura	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			brachyura	Acanthion	Hystrix	Hystricidae	Rodentia	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.57		grotei  (Gray, 1866); longicauda Marsden, 1811; mulleri Marshall, 1871; bengalensis Blyth, 1851; hodgsoni (Gray, 1847); alophus Hodgson, 1847; subcristata Swinhoe, 1870; klossi (Thomas, 1916); millsi (Thomas, 1922); papae (Allen, 1927); yunnanensis Anderson, 1878.	Nepal, Sikkim, and Assam (India), C and S China, Burma, Thailand, Indochina, Malaya, Sumatra, Borneo, Malay Isls of Pinang, Singapore.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Subgenus Acanthion (Van Weers, 1979:233); also see Lekagul and McNeely (1988:492).	Malayan Porcupine
13400054	Hystrix brachyura subsp. brachyura	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		brachyura	brachyura	Acanthion	Hystrix	Hystricidae	Rodentia	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.57						
13400055	Hystrix brachyura subsp. bengalensis	Blyth 1851	SUBSPECIES		bengalensis	brachyura	Acanthion	Hystrix	Hystricidae	Rodentia							
13400056	Hystrix brachyura subsp. hodgsoni	Gray 1847	SUBSPECIES		hodgsoni	brachyura	Acanthion	Hystrix	Hystricidae	Rodentia							
13400057	Hystrix brachyura subsp. subcristata	Swinhoe 1870	SUBSPECIES		subcristata	brachyura	Acanthion	Hystrix	Hystricidae	Rodentia							
13400058	Hystrix brachyura subsp. yunnanensis	Anderson 1878	SUBSPECIES		yunnanensis	brachyura	Acanthion	Hystrix	Hystricidae	Rodentia							
13400059	Hystrix crassispinis	Günther 1876 "1877"	SPECIES			crassispinis	Thecurus	Hystrix	Hystricidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1876 p.736		major  (Schwarz, 1939).	N Borneo.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Thecurus (Van Weers, 1978:22).	Thick-spined Porcupine
13400060	Hystrix cristata	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			cristata	Hystrix	Hystrix	Hystricidae	Rodentia	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.56		aerula Thomas, 1925; ambigua Lonnberg, 1908; conradsi Muller, 1910; cuvieri Gray, 1847; daubentoni Cuvier, 1822; europaea Kerr, 1792; galeata Thomas, 1893; lademanni Muller, 1910; lonnbergi Muller, 1910; occidanea Cabrera, 1924; senegalica Cuvier, 1822; somalensis Lonnberg, 1912. 	Morocco to Egypt; Senegal to Ethiopia and N Tanzania; Sicily, Italy, Albania, and N Greece (European population possibly introduced). Sympatric with H. africaeaustralis in C Africa.	CITES  Appendix III (Ghana); IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Hystrix. Includes galeata; see Corbet (1978c:159) and Corbet and Jones (1965). Allen (1939:441) commented on the status of cuvieri in N Africa. Karyotype has 2n=60-66 and FN=112-116 (George, 1980; George and Weir, 1974).	Crested Porcupine
13400252	Dasyprocta punctata subsp. dariensis	Goldman 1913	SUBSPECIES		dariensis	punctata		Dasyprocta	Dasyproctidae	Rodentia							
13400061	Hystrix indica	Kerr 1792	SPECIES			indica	Hystrix	Hystrix	Hystricidae	Rodentia	In Linnaeus, Anim. Kingdom p.213		aharonii  Müller, 1911; blanfordi Müller, 1911; cuneiceps Wroughton, 1912; hirsutirostris Brandt, 1835; leucurus Sykes, 1831; malabarica Sclater, 1865; mersinae Müller, 1911; mesopotamica Müller, 1911; narynensis Müller, 1911; satunini Müller, 1911; schmidtzi Müller, 1911; zeylonensis Blyth, 1851.	Transcaucasus; Asia Minor; Israel; Arabia to S Kazakhstan and India; Sri Lanka; Tibet (China).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Locally common.	Subgenus Hystrix. Citation based on Smellies translation of Buffon (1781:206). Gromov and Baranova (1981:102) employed the name leucura for this species without reference to Kerr, 1792.	Indian Crested Porcupine
13400062	Hystrix javanica	F. Cuvier 1823	SPECIES			javanica	Acanthion	Hystrix	Hystricidae	Rodentia	Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.9 p.431		brevispinosa  Wagner, 1844; ecaudata van der Hoeven and de Vriese, 1836; javanicum (Cuvier, 1823); sumbawae (Schwarz, 1911); torquata van der Hoeven and de Vriese, 1836.	Java, Bali, Sumbawa, Flores, Lombok, Madura, Tonahdjampea, and S Sulawesi (Indonesia).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Acanthion. Formerly included in brachyura by Chasen (1940), but see Van Weers (1979).	Sunda Porcupine
13400063	Hystrix pumila	Günther 1879	SPECIES			pumila	Thecurus	Hystrix	Hystricidae	Rodentia	Ann Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5 vol.4 p.106			Palawan and Busuanga Isls (Philippines).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Thecurus.	Phillipine Porcupine
13400064	Hystrix sumatrae	Lyon 1907	SPECIES			sumatrae	Thecurus	Hystrix	Hystricidae	Rodentia	Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. vol.32 p.583			Sumatra.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Thecurus. Treated as a subspecies of crassispinis by Chasen (1940), but see Van Weers (1978).	Sumatran Porcupine
13400065	Trichys	Günther 1876 "1877"	GENUS					Trichys	Hystricidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1876 p.739	Trichys lipura Günther, 1877 (= Hystrix fasciculata Shaw, 1801).				Reviewed by Van Weers (1976).	
13400066	Trichys fasciculata	Shaw 1801	SPECIES			fasciculata		Trichys	Hystricidae	Rodentia	Gen. Zool. vol.2 p.11		guentheri  Thomas, 1889; lipura Günther, 1877; macrotis Miller, 1903.	Borneo, Sumatra, Malaya.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Medway (1977:135) considered lipura a distinct species, but did not mention Van Weers (1976).	Long-tailed Porcupine
13400067	Petromuridae	Wood 1955	FAMILY						Petromuridae	Rodentia	J. Mammal vol.36 2 p.184		Petromyidae Tullberg, 1899.			Swanepoel et al. (1980:161) employed Petromuridae instead of Petromyidae for this family (see Petromus). The group had an elaborate Tertiary radiation composed of at least two subfamilies and seven known genera. The placement of this family along with the Thryonomyidae into the superfamily Thryonomuroidea is supported by many studies (Huchon and Douzery, 2001; Lavocat, 1973; Luckett and Harteberger, 1985b; Nedbal et al., 1994; Patterson and Wood, 1982; Sarich, 1985). The superfamily Thryonomuroidea was not recognized by McKenna and Bell (1997).	
13400068	Petromus	A. Smith 1831	GENUS					Petromus	Petromuridae	Rodentia	S. Afr. Quart. J. vol.1 5 p.10	Petromus typicus A. Smith, 1831.	Petromys  A. Smith, 1834.			Originally named Petromus, but unjustifiably emended to Petromys by Smith (1834), see Swanepoel et al. (1980:161).	
13400069	Petromus typicus	A. Smith 1831	SPECIES			typicus		Petromus	Petromuridae	Rodentia	S. Afr. Quart. J. vol.1 5 p.11		ausensis  Roberts, 1938; barbiensis Roberts, 1938; cinnamomeus Roberts, 1946; coetzeei Cabral, 1966; cunealis Thomas, 1926; greeni Lundholm, 1955; guinasensis Roberts, 1938; karasensis Roberts, 1946; kobosensis Roberts, 1938; majoriae Bradfield, 1936; namaquensis Roberts, 1938; pallidior Lundholm, 1955; tropicalis Thomas and Hinton, 1925; windhoekensis Roberts, 1938.	W South Africa, Namibia, to SW Angola.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Common.	Fifteen subspecies have been named but no attempt has been made to assess their validity or geographic limits, but see Roberts (1951). Karyotype has 2n=56 and FN=112 (George, 1980).	Dassie Rat
13400070	Petromus typicus subsp. typicus	A. Smith 1831	SUBSPECIES		typicus	typicus		Petromus	Petromuridae	Rodentia	S. Afr. Quart. J. vol.1 5 p.11						
13400071	Petromus typicus subsp. ausensis	Roberts 1938	SUBSPECIES		ausensis	typicus		Petromus	Petromuridae	Rodentia							
13400072	Petromus typicus subsp. barbiensis	Roberts 1938	SUBSPECIES		barbiensis	typicus		Petromus	Petromuridae	Rodentia							
13400073	Petromus typicus subsp. cinnamomeus	Roberts 1946	SUBSPECIES		cinnamomeus	typicus		Petromus	Petromuridae	Rodentia							
13400074	Petromus typicus subsp. coetzeei	Cabral 1966	SUBSPECIES		coetzeei	typicus		Petromus	Petromuridae	Rodentia							
13400075	Petromus typicus subsp. cunealis	Thomas 1926	SUBSPECIES		cunealis	typicus		Petromus	Petromuridae	Rodentia							
13400076	Petromus typicus subsp. greeni	Lundholm 1955	SUBSPECIES		greeni	typicus		Petromus	Petromuridae	Rodentia							
13400077	Petromus typicus subsp. guinasensis	Roberts 1938	SUBSPECIES		guinasensis	typicus		Petromus	Petromuridae	Rodentia							
13400078	Petromus typicus subsp. karasensis	Roberts 1946	SUBSPECIES		karasensis	typicus		Petromus	Petromuridae	Rodentia							
13400087	Thryonomys gregorianus	Thomas 1894	SPECIES			gregorianus		Thryonomys	Thryonomyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.13 p.202		camerunensis  Monard, 1949; congicus Thomas, 1922; harrisoni Thomas and Wroughton, 1907; logonensis Jeannin, 1936; pusillus Heller, 1912; rutshuricus Lönnberg, 1917; sclateri Thomas, 1897.	Cameroon, Central African Republic, Dem. Rep. Congo, S Sudan, Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Common.	Rosevear (1969:549) recognized logonensis and camerunensis as valid species; Misonne (1974:7) concluded that the affinities of logonensis and camerunensis were not clear and de Graaff (1981) indicated that their affinities should be reassessed. Misonne (1974:7) included congicus, harrisoni, pusillus, and rutshuricus in gregoriamuswithout comment of subspecific status. Meester et al. (1986) recognized two subspecies in southern Africa but did not comment on the subspecific validity of the other forms. Karyotype has 2n=40 and FN=80 (George, 1980).	Lesser Cane Rat
13400088	Thryonomys gregorianus subsp. gregorianus	Thomas 1894	SUBSPECIES		gregorianus	gregorianus		Thryonomys	Thryonomyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.13 p.202						
13400089	Thryonomys gregorianus subsp. sclateri	Thomas 1897	SUBSPECIES		sclateri	gregorianus		Thryonomys	Thryonomyidae	Rodentia							
13400090	Thryonomys swinderianus	Temminck 1827	SPECIES			swinderianus		Thryonomys	Thryonomyidae	Rodentia	Monogr. Mamm. vol.1 p.248		angolae Thomas, 1922; calamophagus (De Beerst, 1897); logani Romer and Nesbitt, 1930; raptorum Thomas, 1922; semipalmatus (Heuglin, 1864); variegatus (Peters, 1852).	Africa, south of the Sahara.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Greater Cane Rat
13700439	Soriculus	Blyth 1854	GENUS					Soriculus	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	J. Asiatic Soc. Bengal vol.23 p.733	Corsira nigrescens Gray, 1842.				Formerly most authors included Chodsigoa and Episoriculus as subgenera, but both are treated as distinct genera here, following Hutterer (1994b). Genus reviewed by Hoffmann (1985b).	
13400091	Erethizontidae	Bonaparte 1845	FAMILY						Erethizontidae	Rodentia	Cat. Meth. Mamm. Europe p.5		Coendidae Trouessart, 1897.			Spelled Erithizontidae by Corbet and Hill (1980:189); but see comments under Erethizon. Extinct forms date to the Oligocene of South America. Not included in the parvorder Caviida with the other New World Hystricognathi by McKenna and Bell (1997) but placement into a New World clade well supported by molecular data (Huchon and Douzery, 2001; Nedbal et al., 1994).	
13400092	Chaetomyinae	Thomas 1896 "1897"	SUBFAMILY						Erethizontidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1896 p.1026		Cercolabidae Cabrera, 1901 [cited to Ameghino 1889 and listed as a synonym of the Erethizontidae by McKenna and Bell (1997)].			Patterson and Wood (1982) removed Chaetomyinae from the Erethizontidae and placed in the Echimyidae because this form retains deciduous premolars (an echimyid derived character) unlike all known erethizontids. Chaetomys shares characteristics of the enamel ultrastructure with taxa of the Erethizontidae (Martin, 1994b).	
13400093	Chaetomys	Gray 1843	GENUS					Chaetomys	Erethizontidae	Rodentia	List Specimens Mamm. Coll. Brit. Mus. p.123	Hystrix subspinosus Olfers, 1818.	Plectrochorerus  Pictet, 1843.			Included in Erethizontidae by Corbet and Hill (1991), Emmons and Feer (1997), McKenna and Bell (1997) and Voss and Angermann (1997) but some authors (e.g., Miller and Gidley, 1918; Patterson and Wood, 1982; Stehlin and Schaub, 1951; Woods, 1993) have included in the Echimyidae.	
13400094	Chaetomys subspinosus	Olfers 1818	SPECIES			subspinosus		Chaetomys	Erethizontidae	Rodentia	Neue Bibl. Reisenb. p.211		moricandi  (Pictet, 1943); tortilis (Olfers, 1820).	Atlantic coastal forest of SE Brazil from S Sergipe state to N Rio de Janeiro, including easternmost Minas Gerais.	U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Vulnerable. More common in suitable habitats than previously thought (Oliver and Santos, 1991:17), and may be quite common near Urucuca in S Bahia.	Voss and Angermann (1997) indicated that Weid (1826) incorrectly gave the type locality as Cametá, in Pará state of Brazil, that Ávila-Pires (1967) erroneously emended the type to Ilhéus in Bahia state, and document that the type material was collected from Salvador. See Oliver and Santos (1991) for discussion of the confusion surrounding the distribution of this species. Hershkovitz (1959a) and Cabrera (1961) listed rutila (Olfers, 1818) and volubilis (Olfers, 1818) in their synonymies for C. subspinosus but H. volubilis Olfers, 1818 is a nomen nudum, and H. rutila Olfers, 1818, is unidentifiable, although possibly a Coendou nycthemera (Voss and Angermann, 1997).	Bristle-spined Rat
13400095	Erethizontinae	Bonaparte 1845	SUBFAMILY						Erethizontidae	Rodentia	Cat. Meth. Mamm. Europe p.5		Coendinae Pocock, 1922; Sphingurinae Alston, 1876.				
13400096	Coendou	Lacépède 1799	GENUS					Coendou	Erethizontidae	Rodentia	Tabl. Mamm. p.11	Hystrix prehensilis Linnaeus, 1758.	Coandu  Fischer, 1814; Coendu Lesson, 1827; Coendus Geoffroy, 1803; Cuandu Liais, 1872.			Cabrera (1961), Hall (1981), Corbet and Hill (1991), Handley and Pine (1992), Emmons and Feer (1997), McKenna and Bell (1997), Voss and Angerman (1997), Alberico et al. (1999) and Voss and da Silva (2001) included Sphiggurus in Coendou; but see Husson (1978:484-490). Woods (1984, 1993) and Nowak (1991) followed Husson (1978) and recognized Sphiggurus as distinct from Coendou. Handley and Pine (1992), Voss and Angermann (1997), and Alberico et al. (1999) concluded that Sphiggurus could not be meaningfully diagnosed as a taxon distinct from Coendou. Bonvicino et al. (2000) suggested that Coendou and Sphiggurus represent distinct lineages that have evolved by different chromosomal mechanisms. Coendou appears to be karyotypically conserved with 2n=74 and FN=82 (Bonvicino et al., 2000). Although karyotypes have been reported in only two taxa of Coendou, the chromosomal and molecular data (Bonvicino et al., 2002a) t... [truncated]	
13400097	Coendou bicolor	Tschudi 1844	SPECIES			bicolor		Coendou	Erethizontidae	Rodentia	Fauna Peruana p.186		quichua  Thomas, 1899; richardsoni Allen, 1913; simonsi Thomas, 1902.	Bolivia, Peru, Andean and W Ecuador, N Colombia, SW Colombia; up to 2,500 m.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Locally common.	May include rothschildi (Hall, 1981:854), which Corbet and Hill (1991:200) listed as a subspecies of bicolor (see comments under rothschildi). Emmons and Feer (1997:218) and Alberico et al. (1999) considered quichua of the Andes of Ecuador and Colombia to be a distinct species based on small size and shorter tail. Emmons and Feer (1997:218) suggested that richardsoni may be a valid species or allied with rothschildi, whereas Alberico et al. (1999) recognized it as a distinct species. We tentatively retain these three subspecies, awaiting a needed comprehensive review of Coendou.	Bicolored-spined Porcupine
13400098	Coendou bicolor subsp. bicolor	Tschudi 1844	SUBSPECIES		bicolor	bicolor		Coendou	Erethizontidae	Rodentia	Fauna Peruana p.186						
13400099	Coendou bicolor subsp. quichua	Thomas 1899	SUBSPECIES		quichua	bicolor		Coendou	Erethizontidae	Rodentia							
13400100	Coendou bicolor subsp. richardsoni	Allen 1913	SUBSPECIES		richardsoni	bicolor		Coendou	Erethizontidae	Rodentia							
13400101	Coendou bicolor subsp. simonsi	Thomas 1902	SUBSPECIES		simonsi	bicolor		Coendou	Erethizontidae	Rodentia							
13400102	Coendou nycthemera	Olfers 1818	SPECIES			nycthemera		Coendou	Erethizontidae	Rodentia	Neue Bibl. Reisenb. p.211		koopmani  Handley and Pine, 1992.	Amazonian lowlands east of Rio Madeira and south of the Rio Amazonas, including at least part of Marajó Isl.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as C. koopmani.	Sympatric with C. prehensilis throughout its range.	Black Dwarf Porcupine
13400103	Coendou prehensilis	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			prehensilis		Coendou	Erethizontidae	Rodentia	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.57		boliviensis  Gray, 1850; brandtii Jentink, 1879; centralis Thomas, 1903; cuandu Desmarest, 1822; longicatus Lacépède, 1799; platycentrotus Brandt, 1835; sanctamartae Allen, 1904; tricolor Gray, 1850.	E Venezuela, Guyanas, C and E Brazil, N Argentina, Uruguay, E Paraguay, Bolivia, Trinidad (see Goodwin and Greenhall, 1961:202); up to 1,500 m.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Emmons and Feer (1997:217) suggested that centralis and sanctamartae may be valid species and Alberico et al. (1999) considered sanctamartae a distinct species. Voss and da Silva (2001) suggested prehensilis may represent a complex of closely related species. Karyotype has 2n=74 and FN=82 (Lima, 1994).	Brazilian Porcupine
13400104	Coendou rothschildi	Thomas 1902	SPECIES			rothschildi		Coendou	Erethizontidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.10 p.169			Panama.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Possibly a subspecies of bicolor (Goldman, 1920:135; Hall, 1981:854). Corbet and Hill (1991:200) listed rothschildi as a subspecies of bicolor. Emmons and Feer (1997:218) stated that if C. rothschildi is a valid species, the C. "bicolor" west of the Andes are possibly rothschildi. Karyotype has 2n=74 and FN=84 (George and Weir, 1974).	Rothchilds Porcupine
13400105	Echinoprocta	Gray 1865	GENUS					Echinoprocta	Erethizontidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1865 p.321	Erithizon(Echinoprocta) rufescens Gray, 1865.					
13400106	Echinoprocta rufescens	Gray 1865	SPECIES			rufescens		Echinoprocta	Erethizontidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1865 p.321		epixanthus  (Martínez, 1873); sneiderni (Lönnberg, 1937) [see comments under Sphiggurus].	Colombia, montane areas of the eastern cordillera of Andes between 800 and 2,000 m (Eisenberg, 1989).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Included in Coendou (Sphiggurus) by McKenna and Bell (1997) and Alberico et al. (1999).	Stump-tailed Porcupine
13400107	Erethizon	F. Cuvier 1823	GENUS					Erethizon	Erethizontidae	Rodentia	Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.9 p.432	Hystrix dorsata Linnaeus, 1758.	Erethison  Cuvier, 1829; Eretison McMurtrie, 1831; Eretizon Cuvier, 1825; Erithizon Burnett, 1830; Erythizon Alston, 1876.			Erithizon Burnett, 1830, is a later spelling (Corbet and Hill, 1980:189).	
13400108	Erethizon dorsata	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			dorsata		Erethizon	Erethizontidae	Rodentia	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.57		doani  Bailey, 1937; bruneri Swenk, 1916; couesi Mearns, 1897; epixanthus Brandt, 1835; myops Merriam, 1900; nigrescens Allen, 1903; picinum Bangs, 1900.	C Alaska (USA) to S Hudson Bay and Labrador (Canada), south to E Tennessee, C Iowa, and C Texas (USA), N Coahuila, Chihuahua, and Sonora (Mexico), and S California (USA).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Common.	Reviewed by Miller and Kellogg (1955:631), who restricted the type locality; also see Anderson and Rand (1943). Includes couesi (see review by Woods, 1973). Karyotype has 2n=42 and FN=78 (George and Weir, 1974).	North American Porcupine
13400109	Erethizon dorsata subsp. dorsata	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		dorsata	dorsata		Erethizon	Erethizontidae	Rodentia	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.57						
13400110	Erethizon dorsata subsp. bruneri	Swenk 1916	SUBSPECIES		bruneri	dorsata		Erethizon	Erethizontidae	Rodentia							
13400111	Erethizon dorsata subsp. couesi	Mearns 1897	SUBSPECIES		couesi	dorsata		Erethizon	Erethizontidae	Rodentia							
13400116	Sphiggurus	F. Cuvier 1825	GENUS					Sphiggurus	Erethizontidae	Rodentia	Dentes des Mammiferes p.256	Hystrix spinosa F. Cuvier, 1823.	Cercolabes  Brandt, 1835; Sinethere F. Cuvier, 1822; Sinotherus F. Cuvier, 1825; Synetheres G. Cuvier, 1829.			This genus possibly dates from F. Cuvier, 1823. Mem. Mus. Hist. Hat. Paris, 9:427, 433-435, where Sphiggurus seems only a French name "Sphiggure" except on pp. 433-434, where it is abbreviated "S. spinosa". Formerly included in Coendou by Cabrera (1961), Walker et al. (1975), and Hall (1981); see also comments under Coendou. Considered a distinct genus by Husson (1978:484-490). Voss and Angermann (1997) agreed with the conclusion of Handley and Pine (1992) that Sphiggurus could not be meaningfully diagnosed as a taxon distinct from Coendou. Bonvicino et al. (2000) suggested that Coendou and Sphiggurus represent distinct lineages that have evolved by different chromosomal mechanisms. Sphiggurus appears to have evolved by Robertsonian mechanisms and demonstrates variation in 2n ranging from 42 to 72 while retaining a FN=76 (Bonvicino et al., 2000). The Robertsonian pattern of chromosomal differentiation and molecular data (Bo... [truncated]	
13400117	Sphiggurus ichillus	Voss and da Silva 2001	SPECIES			ichillus		Sphiggurus	Erethizontidae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.3351 p.17			Amazonian lowlands E Ecuador but see Voss and da Silva (2001).		Assigned to vestitus group based on presence of bristle-quills (Voss and da Silva, 2001).	Streaked Dwarf Porcupine
13700717	Scaptochirus	Milne-Edwards 1867	GENUS					Scaptochirus	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. (Paris) vol.7 p.375	Scaptochirus moschatus Milne-Edwards, 1867.	Chiroscaptor  Heude, 1898.			Included in Talpa by Corbet (1978c:36) and Corbet and Hill (1991:38). Retained a genus by Abe et al. (1991) and Gureev (1979:282).	
13400118	Sphiggurus insidiosus	Olfers 1818	SPECIES			insidiosus		Sphiggurus	Erethizontidae	Rodentia	Neue Bibl. Reisenb. p.211		pallidus  (Waterhouse, 1848).	Atlantic coastal region SE Brazil.	Unknown. IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as S. insidiosus, Extinct as S. pallidus.	Reviewed by Voss and Angermann (1997), who included pallidus. Husson (1978) placed in Sphiggurus and included melanurus but see Voss and Angermann (1997). Karyotype has 2n=62 and FN=76 (Lima, 1994).	Bahia Porcupine
13400119	Sphiggurus melanurus	Wagner 1842	SPECIES			melanurus		Sphiggurus	Erethizontidae	Rodentia	Archiv. für Naturg. vol.I p.360			North of the Amazon in the Amazon Basin of Brazil, the Guianas, Colombia, and probably Venezuela.		Considered conspecific with insidiosus by Cabrera (1961) and Husson (1978), but see Voss and Angermann (1997). Considered a distinct species by Emmons and Feer (1997), Handley and Pine (1992), and Voss and Angermann (1997); a position supported by molecular and karyotypic data (Bonvicino et al., 2002a). Karyotype has 2n=72 and FN=76 (Bonvicino et al., 2002a).	Black-tailed Hairy Dwarf Porcupine
13400120	Sphiggurus mexicanus	Kerr 1792	SPECIES			mexicanus		Sphiggurus	Erethizontidae	Rodentia	In Linnaeus, Anim. Kingdom vol.1 p.214		liebmani  (Reinhart, 1844); laenatus (Thomas, 1903); yucataniae (Thomas, 1902).	San Luis Potosi and Yucatan (Mexico) to W Panama, to 3,000 m (Emmons and Feer, 1997).	CITES  Appendix III (Honduras); IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Emmons and Feer (1997:222) indicated that the small forms from Chiriquí, Panama had been recognized as a distinct species (laenatus).	Mexican Hairy Dwarf Porcupine
13400121	Sphiggurus mexicanus subsp. mexicanus	Kerr 1792	SUBSPECIES		mexicanus	mexicanus		Sphiggurus	Erethizontidae	Rodentia	In Linnaeus, Anim. Kingdom vol.1 p.214						
13400122	Sphiggurus mexicanus subsp. laenatus	Thomas 1903	SUBSPECIES		laenatus	mexicanus		Sphiggurus	Erethizontidae	Rodentia							
13400123	Sphiggurus mexicanus subsp. yucataniae	Thomas 1902	SUBSPECIES		yucataniae	mexicanus		Sphiggurus	Erethizontidae	Rodentia							
13400124	Sphiggurus pruinosus	Thomas 1905	SPECIES			pruinosus		Sphiggurus	Erethizontidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.16 p.310			C and N Colombia and W and N Venezuela.		Included in vestitus by Cabrera (1961), Concepcion and Molinari (1991), Woods (1993), and Soriano and Ochoa (1997), but see Voss and da Silva (2001) for a discussion of the morphological distinctiveness of these two taxa. Assigned to vestitus group based on presence of bristle-quills (Voss and da Silva, 2001). Karyotype has 2n=42 and FN=76 (Concepción and Molinari, 1991).	Frosted Hairy Dwarf Porcupine
13400125	Sphiggurus roosmalenorum	Voss and da Silva 2001	SPECIES			roosmalenorum		Sphiggurus	Erethizontidae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.3351 p.24			Banks of the middle Rio Maderia between 5 and 9<sup>o</sup> S latitude, Brazil.		Assigned to vestitus group based on presence of bristle-quills (Voss and da Silva, 2001).	Roosmalens Dwarf Porcupine
13400126	Sphiggurus spinosus	F. Cuvier 1823	SPECIES			spinosus		Sphiggurus	Erethizontidae	Rodentia	Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.9 p.433		affinis  (Brandt, 1835); nigricans (Brandt, 1835); paragayensis (Oken, 1816); roberti (Thomas, 1902); sericeus (Cope, 1889).	Paraguay, S and E Brazil, NE Argentina, Uruguay.	CITES  Appendix III (Uruguay); IUCN  Lower Risk (lc)..	Possibly restricted to the shores of the Paraná River. Formerly included in Coendou; see Husson (1978) and comments under Sphiggurus. Emmons and Feer (1997:221) considered paragayensis to be a separate species (Paraguay Hairy Dwarf Porcupine). Cabrera (1961:602) noted that Okens names are not recognized, but if Okens name is accepted, the type species for Sphiggurus becomes paragayensis (see Tate, 1935:307). Emmons and Feer (1997) included villosus and suggested that spinosus may intergrade with insidosus.	Paraguaian Hairy Dwarf Porcupine
13400168	Caviidae	Fischer de Waldheim 1817	FAMILY						Caviidae	Rodentia	Mem. Soc. Imp. Nat., Moscow vol.5 p.372					Name often accredited to Gray, 1821. The Hydrochoerids were included as a subfamily by Tate (1935) and Ellerman (1940) but others (McKenna and Bell, 1997; Miller and Gidley, 1918; Pocock, 1922a; Woods, 1993) have recognized them as a distinct family. Molecular data (Rowe and Honeycutt, 2002) clearly support the inclusion of Hydrochoeris within the Caviidae. Placed in the superfamily Cavioidea by Woods (1982) and McKenna and Bell (1997).	
13400127	Sphiggurus vestitus	Thomas 1899	SPECIES			vestitus		Sphiggurus	Erethizontidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.4 p.284			Colombia, small area of the E Andean cordillera about 60 km WNW of Bogotá at about 1300 m.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Reviewed by Voss and da Silva (2001), who included Sphiggurus in Coendou. Includes pruinosus according to Cabrera (1961), Concepción and Molinari (1991), Woods (1993), and Soriano and Ochoa (1997), but see Voss and da Silva (2001) for a discussion of the morphological distinctiveness of these two taxa. Assigned to vestitus group based on presence of bristle-quills (Voss and da Silva, 2001).	Brown Hairy Dwarf Porcupine
13700747	Talpa romana subsp. wittei	Capolongo 1986	SUBSPECIES		wittei	romana		Talpa	Talpidae	Soricomorpha							
13700047	Crocidura cinderella	Thomas 1911	SPECIES			cinderella		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.8 p.119			Senegal and Gambia, Mali and Niger.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	May be related to tarfayaensis of Morocco and Mauritania; see Hutterer (1987).	Cinderella Shrew
13400128	Sphiggurus villosus	F. Cuvier 1823	SPECIES			villosus		Sphiggurus	Erethizontidae	Rodentia	Mam. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.9 p.434			Minas Gerais to Rio Grande do Sul (SE Brazil).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Considered a distinct species by Husson (1978:489). Cabrera (1961:600-601) included this species in insidiosus, whereas Emmons and Feer (1997:221) included this species in spinosus. Formerly included in Coendou (see comments under Sphiggurus). Karyotype has 2n=42 and FN=76 (Bonvicino et al., 2000).	Orange-spined Hairy Dwarf Porcupine
13400129	Chinchillidae	Bennett 1833	FAMILY						Chinchillidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1833 p.58		Eriomyidae Burmeister, 1854; Lagostomidae Bonaparte, 1838; Viacacidae Ameghino, 1904; Viscacciidae Roverto, 1914.			Placed in the superfamily Chinchilloidea by Woods (1982) and McKenna and Bell (1997). McKenna and Bell (1997) recognized two subfamilies, Chinchillinae and Lagostominae.	
13400130	Chinchilla	Bennett 1829	GENUS					Chinchilla	Chinchillidae	Rodentia	Gard. Menag. Zool. Soc. vol.1 p.1	Chinchilla lanigera Bennett, 1829.	Eriomys  Lichtenstein, 1829.			Osgood (1941) critically reviewed the early descriptions of chinchillas and suggested that Molinas (1782) Mus laniger was a composite based on no known specimens. Bennett (1829) uses Chinchilla lanigera, derived from Molinas Mus laniger, without stating that the animal described is the same as that described by Molina (1782). Geographic variation in this taxon is poorly understood making it difficult to determine the number of valid species. Osgood (1943) recognized a single species, Cabrera (1961) and Woods (1993) recognized two species, and Bidlingmaier (1937) recognized three species.	
13400131	Chinchilla chinchilla	Lichtenstein 1829	SPECIES			chinchilla		Chinchilla	Chinchillidae	Rodentia	Darst, neu o. wenig. Bekannt. Säugeth. p.2 unnumbered pages		brevicauda  Waterhouse, 1848; major (Trouessart, 1896); boliviana Brass, 1911; intermedia (Dennler, 1939).	Andes of S Bolivia, S Peru, NW Argentina, and Chile.	CITES  Appendix I (non-domesticated forms only); U.S. ESA  Endangered as C. brevicauda boliviana; IUCN  Critically Endangered as C. brevicauda.	Recognized as brevicauda by Cabrera (1961) and Woods (1993) but see Osgood (1943) and Anderson (1997). Pine et al. (1979) included brevicaudata in lanigera without comment.	Short-tailed Chinchilla
13400132	Chinchilla chinchilla subsp. chinchilla	Lichtenstein 1829	SUBSPECIES		chinchilla	chinchilla		Chinchilla	Chinchillidae	Rodentia	Darst, neu o. wenig. Bekannt. Säugeth. p.2 unnumbered pages						
13400133	Chinchilla chinchilla subsp. boliviana	Brass 1911	SUBSPECIES		boliviana	chinchilla		Chinchilla	Chinchillidae	Rodentia							
13400134	Chinchilla lanigera	Bennett 1829	SPECIES			lanigera		Chinchilla	Chinchillidae	Rodentia	Gard. Menag. Zool. Soc. vol.1 p.1		chincilla (Fischer, 1814) [a renaming of Mus laniger Molina, 1782]; velligera Prell, 1934.	N Chile, in foothills of the Andes and coastal mountains south to Talca.	CITES  Appendix I; IUCN  Vulnerable.	See Jimenez (1996) for current status of wild populations. Karyotype has 2n=64 and FN=126 (George and Weir, 1974).	Long-tailed Chinchilla
13400135	Lagidium	Meyen 1833	GENUS					Lagidium	Chinchillidae	Rodentia	Nouv. Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. vol.16 2 p.576	Lagidium peruanum Meyen, 1833.	Lagotis  Bennett, 1833.			Revised by Osgood (1943). Viscaccia Oken, 1816 has precedence over Lagidium, but Lagidium was adopted in preference to Viscaccia by suspension of the rules (Opinion 110, International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1929a). However, names from Okens 1816 "Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte" are non-Linnaean and not available and neither an opinion nor suspension of the Rules was required for the recognition of Lagidium (Hershkovitz, 1949b).	
13400136	Lagidium peruanum	Meyen 1833	SPECIES			peruanum		Lagidium	Chinchillidae	Rodentia	Nouv. Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. vol.16 2 p.578		arequipe  Thomas, 1907; inca Thomas, 1907; pallipes Bennett, 1835; punensis Thomas, 1907; saturata Thomas, 1907; subrosea Thomas, 1907.	C and S Peru, N Chile.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Unknown.	Karyotype has 2n=64 and FN=126 (George and Weir, 1974).	Northern Mountain Viscacha
13700748	Talpa stankovici	V. Martino and E. Martino 1931	SPECIES			stankovici		Talpa	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	J. Mammal. vol.12 p.53		montenegrina  Krytufek, 1994.	European Balkans, Greece including Corfu Isl, S Serbia and Montenegro, Macedonia; probably Albania.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Formerly included in romana; specific status supported by Filippucci et al. (1987). Reviewed by Niethammer (in Niethammer and Krapp, 1990) and Krytufek (1994).	Balkan Mole
13400144	Lagidium viscacia	Molina 1782	SPECIES			viscacia		Lagidium	Chinchillidae	Rodentia	Sagg. Stor. Nat. Chile p.307		aureus  (Geoffroy and DOrbigny, 1830); chilensis (Oken, 1816); crassidens Philippi, 1896; crinigerum Philippi, 1896; viscaccica Brandis, 1786; boxi Thomas, 1921; cuscus (Thomas, 1907); cuvieri (Bennett, 1833); lutea (Thomas, 1907); lutescens Philippi, 1896; famatinae Thomas, 1920; lockwoodi Thomas, 1919; moreni Thomas, 1897; perlutea (Thomas, 1907); sarae Thomas and St. Leger, 1926; tontalis Thomas, 1921; tucumana (Thomas, 1907); viatorum Thomas, 1921; vulcani Thomas, 1919.	W Argentina, S and W Bolivia, N Chile, S Peru.	IUCN  Data Deficient.	Karyotype of boxi reported to have 2n=64 and FN=126 (George and Weir, 1974).	Southern Moutain Viscacha
13400145	Lagidium viscacia subsp. viscacia	Molina 1782	SUBSPECIES		viscacia	viscacia		Lagidium	Chinchillidae	Rodentia	Sagg. Stor. Nat. Chile p.307						
13400146	Lagidium viscacia subsp. boxi	Thomas 1921	SUBSPECIES		boxi	viscacia		Lagidium	Chinchillidae	Rodentia						Karyotype of boxi reported to have 2n=64 and FN=126 (George and Weir, 1974).	
13400147	Lagidium viscacia subsp. cuscus	Thomas 1907	SUBSPECIES		cuscus	viscacia		Lagidium	Chinchillidae	Rodentia							
13400148	Lagidium viscacia subsp. cuvieri	Bennett 1833	SUBSPECIES		cuvieri	viscacia		Lagidium	Chinchillidae	Rodentia							
13400149	Lagidium viscacia subsp. famatinae	Thomas 1920	SUBSPECIES		famatinae	viscacia		Lagidium	Chinchillidae	Rodentia							
13400150	Lagidium viscacia subsp. lockwoodi	Thomas 1919	SUBSPECIES		lockwoodi	viscacia		Lagidium	Chinchillidae	Rodentia							
13400151	Lagidium viscacia subsp. moreni	Thomas 1897	SUBSPECIES		moreni	viscacia		Lagidium	Chinchillidae	Rodentia							
13400152	Lagidium viscacia subsp. perlutea	Thomas 1907	SUBSPECIES		perlutea	viscacia		Lagidium	Chinchillidae	Rodentia							
13400153	Lagidium viscacia subsp. sarae	Thomas and St. Leger 1926	SUBSPECIES		sarae	viscacia		Lagidium	Chinchillidae	Rodentia							
13400154	Lagidium viscacia subsp. tontalis	Thomas 1921	SUBSPECIES		tontalis	viscacia		Lagidium	Chinchillidae	Rodentia							
13400155	Lagidium viscacia subsp. tucumana	Thomas 1907	SUBSPECIES		tucumana	viscacia		Lagidium	Chinchillidae	Rodentia							
13400156	Lagidium viscacia subsp. viatorum	Thomas 1921	SUBSPECIES		viatorum	viscacia		Lagidium	Chinchillidae	Rodentia							
13400157	Lagidium viscacia subsp. vulcani	Thomas 1919	SUBSPECIES		vulcani	viscacia		Lagidium	Chinchillidae	Rodentia							
13400158	Lagidium wolffsohni	Thomas 1907	SPECIES			wolffsohni		Lagidium	Chinchillidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.19 p.440			SW Argentina and adjacent Chile.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).		Wolffsohns Mountain Viscacha
13400159	Lagostomus	Brookes 1828	GENUS					Lagostomus	Chinchillidae	Rodentia	Trans. Linn. Soc. London vol.16 p.96	Lagostomus trichodactylus Brookes, 1828 (= Dipus maximus Desmarest, 1817).	Lagostomopsis  Kraglievich, 1926; Viscaccia Schinz, 1825 [not Oken, 1816].				
13400160	Lagostomus crassus	Thomas 1910	SPECIES			crassus		Lagostomus	Chinchillidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.5 p.246			Know only from the type locality.	Extinct.	Known only by single skull from S Peru, presumably of an animal that lived in recent times (Nowak, 1999).	Peruvian Plains Viscacha
13400161	Lagostomus maximus	Desmarest 1817	SPECIES			maximus		Lagostomus	Chinchillidae	Rodentia	Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., Nouv. Ed. vol.13 p.117		americana  Schinz, 1825; criniger Lesson, 1842; diana Griffith, 1827; pamparum Schinz, 1825; trichodactylus Brooks, 1828; viscaccia Geoffroy and DOrbigny, 1830; inmollis Thomas, 1910; petilidens Hollister, 1914.	N, C, and E Argentina, S and W Paraguay, SE Bolivia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Jackson et al. (1996). Karyptype has 2n=56 and FN=110 (George and Weir, 1974).	Argentine Plains Viscacha
13400162	Lagostomus maximus subsp. maximus	Desmarest 1817	SUBSPECIES		maximus	maximus		Lagostomus	Chinchillidae	Rodentia	Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., Nouv. Ed. vol.13 p.117						
13400163	Lagostomus maximus subsp. inmollis	Thomas 1910	SUBSPECIES		inmollis	maximus		Lagostomus	Chinchillidae	Rodentia							
13400164	Lagostomus maximus subsp. petilidens	Hollister 1914	SUBSPECIES		petilidens	maximus		Lagostomus	Chinchillidae	Rodentia							
13400170	Cavia	Pallas 1766	GENUS					Cavia	Caviidae	Rodentia	Misc. Zool. p.30	Cavia cobaya Pallas, 1766 (= Mus porcellus Linnaeus, 1758).	Anoema  F. Cuvier, 1809; Cauia Storr, 1780; Cobaia Aymard, 1854; Cobaya G. Cuvier, 1817; Coiza Billberg, 1828; Mamcaviaus Herrera, 1899.			Reviewed by Hückinghaus (1961) and Cabrera (1961). See Tate (1935:343) for the reason porcellus is "excluded from consideration" as the type because the name was not included under the generic name at the time of its original publication. This genus is in need of revision as the origin of the domesticated form and the number of species that occur in the wild remains unclear.	
13400171	Cavia aperea	Erxleben 1777	SPECIES			aperea		Cavia	Caviidae	Rodentia	Syst. Regni Anim. vol.1 p.348		azarae  Lichtenstein, 1823; leucopyga Brandt, 1815; guianae (Thomas, 1901); caripensis Ojasti, 1964; venezuelae (J. A. Allen, 1911); hypoleuca Cabrera, 1953; pamparum (Thomas, 1901); patzelti Schliemann, 1982; rosida (Thomas, 1917).	Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, N Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes guianae; see Hückinghaus (1961:58) and Husson (1978:449); but also see Cabrera (1961:578) who placed guianae in porcellus. Includes pamparum according to Massoia and Fornes (1967) and Hückinghaus (1961:57), but Cabrera (1961:577) listed pamparum as a distinct species. Geographic variation in fundamental number has been reported; the karyotype of C. a. aperea has 2n=64 and FN=116 or 128 (George et al., 1972; Maia, 1984) and C. a. pamparum has 2n=64 and FN=128 (Gava et al., 1998).	Brazilian Guinea Pig
13400172	Cavia aperea subsp. aperea	Erxleben 1777	SUBSPECIES		aperea	aperea		Cavia	Caviidae	Rodentia	Syst. Regni Anim. vol.1 p.348						
13400173	Cavia aperea subsp. guianae	Thomas 1901	SUBSPECIES		guianae	aperea		Cavia	Caviidae	Rodentia							
13400174	Cavia aperea subsp. hypoleuca	Cabrera 1953	SUBSPECIES		hypoleuca	aperea		Cavia	Caviidae	Rodentia							
13400175	Cavia aperea subsp. pamparum	Thomas 1901	SUBSPECIES		pamparum	aperea		Cavia	Caviidae	Rodentia							
13400176	Cavia aperea subsp. patzelti	Schliemann 1982	SUBSPECIES		patzelti	aperea		Cavia	Caviidae	Rodentia							
13400177	Cavia aperea subsp. rosida	Thomas 1917	SUBSPECIES		rosida	aperea		Cavia	Caviidae	Rodentia							
13400178	Cavia fulgida	Wagler 1831	SPECIES			fulgida		Cavia	Caviidae	Rodentia	Isis. vol.24 p.512		nigricans  Wagner, 1844; rufescens Lund, 1841.	E Brazil, between Minas Gerais and Santa Catarina.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Karyotype has 2n=64 and FN=128 (Gava et al., 1998).	Shiny Guinea Pig
13400179	Cavia intermedia	Cherem, Olimpio, and Ximenez 1999	SPECIES			intermedia		Cavia	Caviidae	Rodentia	Biotemas vol.12 1 p.100			Known only from the type locality in S Brazil.		Karyotype has 2n=62 and FN=112 (Gava et al., 1998).	Moleques do Sul Guinea Pig
13400180	Cavia magna	Ximinez 1980	SPECIES			magna		Cavia	Caviidae	Rodentia	Rev. Nordest. Biol. vol.3 (especial) p.148			Dept. of Rocha, Uruguay, to Estados Rio Grande del Sur and Santa Catarina, N Brazil.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Karyotype has 2n=64 and FN=128 (Gava et al., 1998).	Greater Guinea Pig
13400181	Cavia porcellus	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			porcellus		Cavia	Caviidae	Rodentia	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.59		anolaimae  J.A. Allen, 1916; cobaya Pallas, 1766; cutleri Bennett, 1836; leucopyga Cabanis, 1848; longipilis Fitzinger, 1879.	Domesticated worldwide; possibly feral in N South America.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Husson (1978:451) reserved the use of porcellus to denote domesticated guinea pigs, which are probably derived from tschudii (Corbet and Hill, 1991:201), but also see Hückinghaus (1961:96), who regarded porcellus as a synonym of aperea. This species may be a domesticated animal with no established wild populations, K. F. Koopman (pers. comm.) believed that N South American populations may be feral domesticated guinea pigs; but see comments under aperea. Cavia aperea can be differentiated from porcellus by the presence of the processus cupularis (da Silva Neto, 2000). Karyotype has 2n=64 and FN=128 (George and Weir, 1974).	Domesticated Guinea Pig
13400182	Cavia tschudii	Fitzinger 1857	SPECIES			tschudii		Cavia	Caviidae	Rodentia	Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien p.154		atahualpae  Osgood, 1913; cutleri Tschudi, 1844; umbrata Thomas, 1917; arequipae Osgood, 1919; pallidior Thomas, 1917; festina Thomas, 1927; osgoodi Sandborn, 1949; sodalis Thomas, 1926; nana Thomas, 1917; stolida Thomas, 1926.	Peru, S Bolivia, NW Argentina, N Chile.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Common.	Formerly included in aperea by Hückinghaus (1961:57); but see Cabrera (1961:579) and Pine et al. (1979:361), who considered tschudii a distinct species. Anderson (1997) recognized nana as a subspecies but Hückinghaus placed in synonymy with sodalis. Includes stolida (Cabrera, 1961:579), but also see Hückinghaus (1961:58), who considered stolida a distinct species.	Montane Guinea Pig
13400183	Cavia tschudii subsp. tschudii	Fitzinger 1857	SUBSPECIES		tschudii	tschudii		Cavia	Caviidae	Rodentia	Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien p.154						
13400184	Cavia tschudii subsp. arequipae	Osgood 1919	SUBSPECIES		arequipae	tschudii		Cavia	Caviidae	Rodentia							
13400191	Galea musteloides	Meyen 1832	SPECIES			musteloides		Galea	Caviidae	Rodentia	Nouv. Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. vol.16 p.597		boliviensis  (Waterhoues, 1848); comes Thomas, 1919; auceps (Thomas, 1911); demissa (Thomas 1921); leucoblephara (Burmeister, 1861); littoralis (Thomas, 1901); negrensis Thomas, 1919.	S Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, N Chile.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Common.	Reviewed by Mann (1950). Karyotype has 2n=68 and FN=136 (George et al., 1972).	Common Yellow-toothed Cavy
13400192	Galea musteloides subsp. musteloides	Meyen 1832	SUBSPECIES		musteloides	musteloides		Galea	Caviidae	Rodentia	Nouv. Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. vol.16 p.597						
13400193	Galea musteloides subsp. auceps	Thomas 1911	SUBSPECIES		auceps	musteloides		Galea	Caviidae	Rodentia							
13400194	Galea musteloides subsp. demissa	Thomas 1921	SUBSPECIES		demissa	musteloides		Galea	Caviidae	Rodentia							
13400195	Galea musteloides subsp. leucoblephara	Burmeister 1861	SUBSPECIES		leucoblephara	musteloides		Galea	Caviidae	Rodentia							
13400196	Galea musteloides subsp. littoralis	Thomas 1901	SUBSPECIES		littoralis	musteloides		Galea	Caviidae	Rodentia							
13400197	Galea spixii	Wagler 1831	SPECIES			spixii		Galea	Caviidae	Rodentia	Isis vol.24 p.512		campicola  Doutt, 1938; saxatilis (Lund, 1841); palustris (Thomas, 1911); wellsi (Osgood, 1915).	Brazil, Bolivia, east of the Andes.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes wellsi (Corbet and Hill, 1991:201); also see Cabrera (1961:575). Huckinghaus (1961:71) considered wellsi a distinct species. Karyotype has 2n=64 and FN=118 (Maia, 1984).	Spixs Yellow-toothed Cavy
13400198	Galea spixii subsp. spixii	Wagler 1831	SUBSPECIES		spixii	spixii		Galea	Caviidae	Rodentia	Isis vol.24 p.512						
13400199	Galea spixii subsp. palustris	Thomas 1911	SUBSPECIES		palustris	spixii		Galea	Caviidae	Rodentia							
13400200	Galea spixii subsp. wellsi	Osgood 1915	SUBSPECIES		wellsi	spixii		Galea	Caviidae	Rodentia							
13400201	Microcavia	H. Gervais and Ameghino 1880	GENUS					Microcavia	Caviidae	Rodentia	Mamm. Fos. Am. Sud. p.50	Microcavia typus H. Gervais and Ameghino, 1880 (fossil).	Caviella  Osgood, 1915; Monticavia Thomas, 1916; Nanocavia Thomas, 1925.			Includes Monticavia. Reviewed by Hückinghaus (1961), Cabrera (1961), and Quintana (1996). Three extinct species recognized by Quintana (1996).	
13400202	Microcavia australis	I. Geoffroy and dOrbigny 1833	SPECIES			australis		Microcavia	Caviidae	Rodentia	Mag. Zool. Paris vol.3 p.3		joannia  (Thomas, 1921); kingii (Bennett, 1836); nigricana (Thomas, 1921); maenas (Thomas, 1898); salinia (Thomas, 1921); see Cabrera (1954).	Argentina between Jujuy and Santa Cruz Provs.; Aisen Prov. (Chile); possibly extreme S Bolivia but Anderson (1997) reported no known specimens.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Common.	Reviewed by Thomas (1921b:445) and Tognelli et al. (2001). For synonyms see Cabrera (1954).	Southern Mountain Cavy
13400203	Microcavia australis subsp. australis	I. Geoffroy and dOrbigny 1833	SUBSPECIES		australis	australis		Microcavia	Caviidae	Rodentia	Mag. Zool. Paris vol.3 p.3						
13400204	Microcavia australis subsp. maenas	Thomas 1898	SUBSPECIES		maenas	australis		Microcavia	Caviidae	Rodentia							
13400205	Microcavia australis subsp. salinia	Thomas 1921	SUBSPECIES		salinia	australis		Microcavia	Caviidae	Rodentia							
13400206	Microcavia niata	Thomas 1898	SPECIES			niata		Microcavia	Caviidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.1 p.282		pallidior  (Thomas, 1902).	Altiplano of SW Bolivia and N Chile.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Andean Mountain Cavy
13400207	Microcavia niata subsp. niata	Thomas 1898	SUBSPECIES		niata	niata		Microcavia	Caviidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.1 p.282						
13400208	Microcavia niata subsp. pallidior	Thomas 1902	SUBSPECIES		pallidior	niata		Microcavia	Caviidae	Rodentia							
13400209	Microcavia shiptoni	Thomas 1925	SPECIES			shiptoni		Microcavia	Caviidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.15 p.419			NW Argentina in the mountains of Tucuman, Catamarca, and Salta Provinces between 3,000 to 4,000 m.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Shiptons Mountain Cavy
13400210	Dolichotinae	Pocock 1922	SUBFAMILY						Caviidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1922 p.426						
13700048	Crocidura congobelgica	Hollister 1916	SPECIES			congobelgica		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.35 p.670			NE Dem. Rep. Congo.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	For a discussion of relationships, see Heim de Balsac (1968a).	Congo White-toothed Shrew
13800868	Lavia frons subsp. rex	Miller 1905	SUBSPECIES		rex	frons		Lavia	Megadermatidae	Chiroptera							
13400211	Dolichotis	Desmarest 1820	GENUS					Dolichotis	Caviidae	Rodentia	Jour. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. Arts Paris vol.88 p.205	Cavia patachonica Shaw, 1801 (= Cavia patagonum Zimmerman, 1780).	Chloromys  Desmoulins, 1823; Lagospedius Marelli, 1928; Mara dOrbigny, 1829; Pediolagus Marelli, 1927.			Includes Pediolagus (Starrett, 1967:263); but see Cabrera (1961:580) who considered it distinct.	
13400212	Dolichotis patagonum	Zimmermann 1780	SPECIES			patagonum		Dolichotis	Caviidae	Rodentia	Geogr. Gesch. Mensch. Vierf. Thiere vol.2 p.328		australis  Yepes, in Cabrera and Yepes, 1940; magellanica (Kerr, 1792); patachonicha (Shaw 1801); centricola (Thomas, 1902).	Argentina, approx 28<sup>o</sup>S (Bolson de Pipanco, Catamarca Prov.) to 50<sup>o</sup>S.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Reviewed by Campos et al. (2001). Two subspecies (centricola, patagonum) recognized by Cabrera (1954). Karyotype has 2n=64 and FN=126 (Wurster et al., 1971).	Patagonian Mara
13400213	Dolichotis patagonum subsp. patagonum	Zimmermann 1780	SUBSPECIES		patagonum	patagonum		Dolichotis	Caviidae	Rodentia	Geogr. Gesch. Mensch. Vierf. Thiere vol.2 p.328						
13400214	Dolichotis patagonum subsp. centricola	Thomas 1902	SUBSPECIES		centricola	patagonum		Dolichotis	Caviidae	Rodentia							
13400215	Dolichotis salinicola	Burmeister 1875 "1876"	SPECIES			salinicola		Dolichotis	Caviidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1875 p.634		ballivianensis  Krumbiegel, 1941; centralis Weyenbergh, 1877; cyniclus (Cabrera, 1953).	Chaco of Paraguay; NW Argentina as far south as Cordoba Prov.; extreme S Bolivia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Formerly included in Pediolagus (Starrett, 1967:263); also see comments under Dolichotis.	Chacoan Mara
13400216	Hydrochoerinae	Gray 1825	SUBFAMILY						Caviidae	Rodentia	Ann. Philos., n.s. vol.10 p.341					Molecular data (Rowe and Honeycutt, 2002) clearly support the inclusion of Hydrochoeris within the Caviidae. Kerodon is included due to the consistently observed sister taxon relationship between Hydrochoeris and Kerodon (dos Reis, 1994; Rowe and Honeycutt, 2002; Woods, 1984). Several distinct linages of the Hydrochoerinae are known in the fossil record and some fossil forms extend into North America during the late Pliocene and Pleistocene Mones (1984).	
13400217	Hydrochoeris	Brisson 1762	GENUS					Hydrochoeris	Caviidae	Rodentia	Regn. Anim. 2nd ed. p.12	Sus hydrochaeris Linnaeus, 1766.	Capibara  Moussy, 1860; Capiguara Liais, 1872; Hydrochaeris Brunnich, 1772; Hydrochaerus Erxleben, 1777; Hydrocheirus Hollande and Batisse, 1959; Hydrocherus F. Cuvier, 1829; Hydrochoerus Wagler, 1830; Xenohydrochoerus Rusconi, 1934.			Husson (1978:456-457) discussed the spelling of the generic name and concluded that Hydrochoerus Brisson, 1762 is not valid because Brissons (1762) work was not consistently binominal. The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1998) ruled that Hydrochoerus Brisson, 1762 is valid. Reviewed by Mones (1991).	
13400218	Hydrochoeris hydrochaeris	Linnaeus 1766	SPECIES			hydrochaeris		Hydrochoeris	Caviidae	Rodentia	Syst. Nat., 12th ed. vol.1 p.103		capybara  (Pallas, 1766); cobaya (Buffon, 1802); dabbeni Rovereto, 1914; irroratus F. Ameghino, 1889; notalis Hollister, 1914; uruguayensis C. Ameghino and Roverto, 1914.	E Colombia, E Venezuela, the Guyanas and Peru, south through Brazil, Paraguay, NE Argentina, and Uruguay.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Locally common and farmed for meat in some areas.	Reviewed by Mones and Ojasti (1986). Karyotype has 2n=66 and FN=102 (Wurster et al., 1971).	Capybara
13400219	Hydrochoeris isthmius	Goldman 1912	SPECIES			isthmius		Hydrochoeris	Caviidae	Rodentia	Smithsonian Misc.Coll. vol.60 2 p.11			Panama, W Colombia and W Venezuela.	Uncommon in Panama.	Included in hydrocharis by Handley (1966a:785) but Mones (1991) recognized as a distinct species. Karyotype has 2n=64 and FN=104.	Lesser Capybara
13400220	Kerodon	F. Cuvier 1825	GENUS					Kerodon	Caviidae	Rodentia	Dentes des Mammiferes p.151	Kerodon moco Lesson, 1827 (= Cavia rupestris Wied, 1820).	Cerodon  Waterhouse, 1848; Kerodons F. Cuvier, 1829.			Reviewed by Hückinghaus (1961). Placed in the Caviinae by most workers but a sister taxa relationship between Kerodon and Hydrochoeris has been consistently observed (dos Reis, 1994; Rowe and Honeycutt, 2002; Woods, 1984).	
13400221	Kerodon acrobata	Moojen, Locks, and Langguth 1997	SPECIES			acrobata		Kerodon	Caviidae	Rodentia	Bol. Mus. Nac. Rio Janeiro Zool. vol.377 p.1			C Brazil in NE Goiás and probably Tocantins, west of the Espigão Mestre, Serra Geral de Goiás.			Climbing Cavy
13700749	Talpa stankovici subsp. stankovici	V. Martino and E. Martino 1931	SUBSPECIES		stankovici	stankovici		Talpa	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	J. Mammal. vol.12 p.53						
13700061	Crocidura erica	Dollman 1915	SPECIES			erica		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.15 p.145			W Angola.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Resembles hirta in cranial dimensions; see Heim de Balsac and Meester (1977). Related to nigricans, according to Crawford-Cabral (1987).	Heather Shrew
13400306	Ctenomys fulvus subsp. fulvus	Philippi 1860	SUBSPECIES		fulvus	fulvus		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Reise Wuste Atacama p.157						
13400307	Ctenomys fulvus subsp. robustus	Philippi 1896	SUBSPECIES		robustus	fulvus		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia							
13400222	Kerodon rupestris	Wied 1820	SPECIES			rupestris		Kerodon	Caviidae	Rodentia	Isis vol.6 p.43		moco  Lesson, 1827; sciurens Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 1826.	E Brazil.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Karyotype has 2n=52 and FN=92 (Maia, 1984).	Rock Cavy
13400223	Dasyproctidae	Bonaparte 1838	FAMILY						Dasyproctidae	Rodentia	Syn. Vert. Syst., in Nuovi Ann. Sci. Nat., Bologna vol.2 p.112					The Cuniculidae (Agoutidae) has been included in Dasyproctidae by several authors, but see comments under Cuniculidae. McKenna and Bell (1997) included the dasyproctids as a subfamily (Dasyproctinae) within the Agoutidae. Molecular data (Rowe and Honeycutt, 2002) strongly support designation of two separate families: the Dasyproctidae and the Cunniculidae (Agoutidae). Placed in the superfamily Cavioidea by Woods (1982) and McKenna and Bell (1997).	
13400224	Dasyprocta	Illiger 1811	GENUS					Dasyprocta	Dasyproctidae	Rodentia	Prodr. Syst. Mamm. Avium. p.93	Mus aguti Linnaeus, 1766 (= Mus leporinus Linnaeus, 1758).	Chloromys  Lesson, 1927; Cloromis Cuvier, 1812; Mamdasyproctaus Herrera, 1899.			This group is in need of revision, and many of the species are questionable and based on geographic distribution at this time.	
13400233	Dasyprocta leporina	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			leporina		Dasyprocta	Dasyproctidae	Rodentia	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.59		aguti  (Linnaeus, 1766); albida Gray, 1842; cayana Lacépède, 1802; cayennae Thomas, 1903; flavescens Thomas, 1898; lucifer Thomas, 1903; rubrata Thomas, 1898; croconota Wagler, 1831; fulvus(Kerr, 1792); antillensis Sclater, 1874; lunaris Thomas, 1917; maraxica Thomas, 1923; noblei Allen, 1914.	Lesser Antilles, Venezuela, Guianas, Amazonian and E Brazil, introduced into the Virgin Isls.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Common.	Although the name aguti has been traditionally used, Husson (1978:462-463) explained why Mus leporinus has priority and Husson (1978) and Voss et al. (2001) explained why aguti should by synonymized. Recognized as D. aguti cayana by Cabrera (1961:585-586); may also include cristata. Includes albida, antillensis, and noblei; see Varona (1974:75), who included these forms in aguti. Several subspecies have been recognized by Cabrera (1961) and Ojasti (1972), but a comprehensive review of geographic variation is needed. The West Indian agoutis are descendents of forms introduced to the islands. The pattern appears to be D. leporina (from Brazil) to the Virgin Islands; D. l. albida on St. Vincent and Granada; D. l. fulvus on Martinique and St. Lucia; and D. l. noblei on Guadeloupe, St. Kitts, Dominica, and Montserrat. Karyotype has 2n=64 and FN=124 (Fredga, 1966).	Red-rumped Agouti
13400234	Dasyprocta leporina subsp. leporina	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		leporina	leporina		Dasyprocta	Dasyproctidae	Rodentia	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.59						
13400235	Dasyprocta leporina subsp. albida	Gray 1842	SUBSPECIES		albida	leporina		Dasyprocta	Dasyproctidae	Rodentia							
13400236	Dasyprocta leporina subsp. cayana	Lacépède 1802	SUBSPECIES		cayana	leporina		Dasyprocta	Dasyproctidae	Rodentia							
13400237	Dasyprocta leporina subsp. croconota	Wagler 1831	SUBSPECIES		croconota	leporina		Dasyprocta	Dasyproctidae	Rodentia							
13400238	Dasyprocta leporina subsp. fulvus	Kerr 1792	SUBSPECIES		fulvus	leporina		Dasyprocta	Dasyproctidae	Rodentia							
13400239	Dasyprocta leporina subsp. lunaris	Thomas 1917	SUBSPECIES		lunaris	leporina		Dasyprocta	Dasyproctidae	Rodentia							
13400240	Dasyprocta leporina subsp. maraxica	Thomas 1923	SUBSPECIES		maraxica	leporina		Dasyprocta	Dasyproctidae	Rodentia							
13400241	Dasyprocta leporina subsp. noblei	Allen 1914	SUBSPECIES		noblei	leporina		Dasyprocta	Dasyproctidae	Rodentia							
13400242	Dasyprocta mexicana	Saussure 1860	SPECIES			mexicana		Dasyprocta	Dasyproctidae	Rodentia	Rev. Mag. Zool. Paris, ser. 2 vol.12 p.53			C Veracruz and E Oaxaca (Mexico); introduced into W and E Cuba.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).		Mexican Agouti
13400243	Dasyprocta prymnolopha	Wagler 1831	SPECIES			prymnolopha		Dasyprocta	Dasyproctidae	Rodentia	Isis vol.24 p.619		nigriclunis  Osgood, 1915.	NE Brazil.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Ojasti (1972:164) considered the status of this form uncertain.	Black-rumped Agouti
13700750	Talpa stankovici subsp. montenegrina	Krytufek 1994	SUBSPECIES		montenegrina	stankovici		Talpa	Talpidae	Soricomorpha							
13700751	Urotrichini	Dobson 1883	TRIBE						Talpidae	Soricomorpha	Monogr. Insectivora vol.2 p.128		Urotrichi Dobson, 1883.				
13400308	Ctenomys goodfellowi	Thomas 1921	SPECIES			goodfellowi		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.7 p.136			Santa Cruz Prov., SE Bolivia.		Considered a subspecies of boliviensis by Cabrera (1961) and by Woods (1993). Cook and Yates (1994) noted that "this taxon is distinct from boliviensis at the species level" and Anderson (1997) recognized it as a distinct species. Karyotype is 2n=46; FN=68 (Anderson et al., 1987).	Goodfellows Tuco-tuco
13400612	Quemisia gravis	Miller 1929	SPECIES			gravis		Quemisia	Heptaxodontidae	Rodentia	Smithson. Misc. Coll. vol.81 9 p.22			Hispaniola.	IUCN  Extinct.		Twisted-toothed Giant Hutia
13400244	Dasyprocta punctata	Gray 1842	SPECIES			punctata		Dasyprocta	Dasyproctidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.10 p.264		bellula  Kellogg, 1946; boliviae Thomas, 1917; callida Bang, 1901; chiapensis Goldman, 1913; chocoensis Allen1915; columbiana Bangs, 1898; dariensis Goldman, 1913; isthmica Alston, 1876; nuchalis Goldman, 1917; pallidiventrisBole, 1937; pandora Thomas, 1917; richmondi Goldman, 1917; underwoodi Goldman, 1931; urucuma Allen, 1915; variegata Tschudi, 1845; yucatanica Goldman, 1913; yungarum Thomas, 1910; zamorae Allen, 1915.	Chiapas and Yucatan Peninsula (S Mexico) to S Bolivia, N Argentina, and SE Brazil. Introduced into W and E Cuba and the Cayman Isls.	CITES  Appendix III (Honduras); IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes variegata (Goldman, 1913:11); but also see Handley (1976:56) and Emmons and Feer (1997:227) who listed variegata as a distinct species. Hall (1981) recognized 11 subspecies in Central America and Cabrera (1961) recognaized 8 subspecies in South America, however, a comprehensive evaluation of geographic variation is needed. Karyotype of variegata reported as 2n=64 and FN=124 (George and Weir, 1974).	Central American Agouti
13400245	Dasyprocta punctata subsp. punctata	Gray 1842	SUBSPECIES		punctata	punctata		Dasyprocta	Dasyproctidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.10 p.264						
13400246	Dasyprocta punctata subsp. bellula	Kellogg 1946	SUBSPECIES		bellula	punctata		Dasyprocta	Dasyproctidae	Rodentia							
13400247	Dasyprocta punctata subsp. boliviae	Thomas 1917	SUBSPECIES		boliviae	punctata		Dasyprocta	Dasyproctidae	Rodentia							
13400248	Dasyprocta punctata subsp. callida	Bang 1901	SUBSPECIES		callida	punctata		Dasyprocta	Dasyproctidae	Rodentia							
13400249	Dasyprocta punctata subsp. chiapensis	Goldman 1913	SUBSPECIES		chiapensis	punctata		Dasyprocta	Dasyproctidae	Rodentia							
13400250	Dasyprocta punctata subsp. chocoensis	Allen 1915	SUBSPECIES		chocoensis	punctata		Dasyprocta	Dasyproctidae	Rodentia							
13400265	Myoprocta	Thomas 1903	GENUS					Myoprocta	Dasyproctidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser 7 vol.12 p.464	Cavia acouchy Erxleben, 1777.				Voss et al. (2001) contributed substantially to the nomenclatural stability of this genus (see comments under M. acouchy) but additional revision, especially for the green acouchi is needed. Although two species have long been recognized, the green and the red acouchies, the nomenclature for these two forms is confusing (see Voss et al., 2001). Emmons and Feer (1997:230) suggested that hybridization may have occurred in Colombia in the headwaters of the Río Uaupés and the hybrid forms has been given the name M. milleri. Voss et al. (2001) suggested that these two forms are allopatrically distributed.	
13400266	Myoprocta acouchy	Erxleben 1777	SPECIES			acouchy		Myoprocta	Dasyproctidae	Rodentia	Syst. Regn. Anim. vol.1 p.354		acuschy  (Linnaeus, 1788); demararae Tate, 1939; exilis (Wagler, 1831); leptura (Wagner, 1844).	Guyana, Surinam. French Guiana, and Brazil north of the Amazon and east of the Rio Branco.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as M. acouchy, Data Deficient as exilis.	The name acouchy has been applied to the red acouchi by Thomas (1926d:639), Cabrera (1961:591) and Emmons and Feer (1997:230-231) and to the green acouchi by Tate (1939), Husson (1978) and Woods (1993). Voss et al. (2001) pointed out that the disagreement among these authors is whether geography or color should be given greater importance in applying the name acouchy. Voss et al. (2001) favored geography and selected a neotype of Cavia acouchy Erxleben (1777) that stabilizes the nomenclature. Includes exilis (Voss et al., 2001:151), which has been applied to the red acouchi by Husson (1978:468-472) and Tate (1939:151-229) but Allen (1916) considered exilis a green acouchi (see Voss et al., 2001). Karyotype has 2n=62 and FN=120 (Fredga, 1966).	Red Acouchi
13400267	Myoprocta pratti	Pocock 1913	SPECIES			pratti		Myoprocta	Dasyproctidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser 8 vol.12 p.110		archidonae  Lönnberg, 1925; caymanum Thomas, 1926; limanus Thomas, 1920; milleri Allen, 1913; parva Lönnberg, 1921; puralis Thomas, 1926.	S Venezuela (headwaters of the Orinoco), E Colombia, E Ecuador, N Peru, W Brazil.	Unknown.	Voss et al. (2001) concluded the green acouchies exhibit substantial geographic variation and may represent a complex of closely related species. We have followed Voss et al. (2001) in provisionally recognizing the green acouchies as M. pratti pending further revision.	Green Acouchi
13400268	Cuniculidae	Miller and Gidley 1918	FAMILY						Cuniculidae	Rodentia	J. Wash. Acad. Sci. vol.8 13 p.446		Agoutidae Gray, 1821; Coelogenyidae Gervais, 1849.			The familial and subfamilial status of this taxon has been debated; Husson (1978:472), Cabrera (1961:593) and McKenna and Bell, 1997:197) placed in Agoutidae; Hall (1981:858) placed in Agoutinae of the Dasyproctidae: Starrett (1967:269) placed in Cuniculinae of the Dasyproctidae; and Ellerman (1940:221) in the Cuniculidae. With the ruling by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1998) that Cuniculus is to be conserved, Cuniculidae is the proper familial name. Chromosomal (George and Weir, 1974), allozyme (Woods, 1982) and sequence data (Rowe and Honeycutt, 2002) support recognition as a distinct family. Placed in the superfamily Cavioidea by Woods (1982) and McKenna and Bell (1997).	
13400269	Cuniculus	Brisson 1762	GENUS					Cuniculus	Cuniculidae	Rodentia	Regn. Anim. 2nd ed. p.13, 98	Mus paca Linnaeus, 1766.	Agouti Lacépède, 1799; Caelogenus Fleming, 1822; Caelogenys Agassiz, 1842; Coelogenus Cuvier, 1807; Coelogenys Illiger, 1811; Mamcoelogenysus Herrera, 1899; Osteopera Harlan, 1825; Paca Fischer, 1814; Stictomys Thomas, 1924.			The generic name of this taxon has been debated (see Pérez, 1992), but the nomenclatural instability of this genus was resolved by the ruling by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1998) for the conservation of Cuniculus Brisson, 1762.	
13400270	Cuniculus paca	Linnaeus 1766	SPECIES			paca		Cuniculus	Cuniculidae	Rodentia	Syst. Nat., 12th ed. vol.1 p.81		alba  (Kerr, 1792); fulvus (Cuvier, 1807); sublaevis (Gervais, 1854); subniger (Cuvier, 1807); venezuelica Krumbriegel, 1940; guanta (Lönnberg, 1921); mexicanae (Hagmann, 1908); nelsoni (Goldman, 1913); virgata (Bangs, 1902).	SE San Luis Potosi (Mexico) to Paraguay, Guianas, S Brazil, and NE Argentina. Introduced into Cuba.	CITES  Appendix III (Honduras) as Agouti paca; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Agouti paca.	Reviewed by Pérez (1992). Five subspecies are recognized (Cabrera, 1961; Hall, 1981) but their status needs reevaluation. Karyotype has 2n=74 and FN=56 (Fredga, 1966). Preliminary data of the extent of genetic differentiation between geographic separated populations (Rowe and Honeycutt, 2002) suggests that paca may represent populations of more than a single species.	Lowland Paca
13400271	Cuniculus paca subsp. paca	Linnaeus 1766	SUBSPECIES		paca	paca		Cuniculus	Cuniculidae	Rodentia	Syst. Nat., 12th ed. vol.1 p.81						
13400272	Cuniculus paca subsp. guanta	Lönnberg 1921	SUBSPECIES		guanta	paca		Cuniculus	Cuniculidae	Rodentia							
13400273	Cuniculus paca subsp. mexicanae	Hagmann 1908	SUBSPECIES		mexicanae	paca		Cuniculus	Cuniculidae	Rodentia							
13400274	Cuniculus paca subsp. nelsoni	Goldman 1913	SUBSPECIES		nelsoni	paca		Cuniculus	Cuniculidae	Rodentia							
13400275	Cuniculus paca subsp. virgata	Bangs 1902	SUBSPECIES		virgata	paca		Cuniculus	Cuniculidae	Rodentia							
13400276	Cuniculus taczanowskii	Stolzmann 1865	SPECIES			taczanowskii		Cuniculus	Cuniculidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1865 p.161		andina  (Lönnberg, 1913); sierrae (Thomas, 1905).	Mountains of Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, and NW Venezuela.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt) as Agouti taczanowskii.	Placed in Stictomys by Cabrera (1961:595) and in Agouti by Handley (1976:55) and Gardner (1971:1088). Karyotype has 2n=42 and FN=80 (Gardner, 1971).	Mountain Paca
13400277	Ctenomyidae	Lesson 1842	FAMILY						Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Nouv. Tabl. Règne Animal., Mamm. p.105					This assemblage of approximately 85 named taxa is still in need of revision. The species are variable in chromosome number (2n=10-70), but fairly uniform in morphology, suggesting that the major radiation of species was in the Pleistocene (Roig and Reig, 1969; Reig et al., 1990b). Cook and Lessa (1998) and Lessa and Cook (1998) suggested an early burst in diversification. Ctenomys is most closely allied to Octodontomys. Whether the group should be recognized as a subfamily (Ctenomyinae, Reig, 1958), or as a family is debated. Although recognition as a subfamily within the Octodontidae best reflects the evolutionary history of this group, it is more common to treat the group as a distinct family specialized for fossorial life. McKenna and Bell (1997) considered it a tribe within the Octodontinae. Glanz and Anderson (1990) gave a cladogram and list of synapomorphies for the Ctenomyidae. Reig et al. (1990b) suggested that there might be as many as 55 living spe... [truncated]	
13400278	Ctenomys	Blainville 1826	GENUS					Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris p.62	Ctenomys brasiliensis Blainville, 1826.	Chacomys  Osgood, 1946; Haptomys Thomas, 1916.			Cabrera (1961; based on Osgood, 1946) and Nowak (1999) listed two subgenera: Chacomys (C. conoveri only) and Ctenomys (all other species). The validity of subgenus Chacomys has not been supported by subsequent studies (Cook and Yates, 1994; Lessa and Cook, 1998). Thomas (1916c) placed C. leucodon in the subgenus Haptomys, an arrangement that is supported by sequence divergence (Lessa and Cook, 1998). Penis morphology appears to be useful in examining relationships among species (Balbontin et al., 1996). Sperm morphology (Feito and Gallardo, 1982; Vitullo et al., 1988; Vitullo and Cook, 1991) has been used to suggest two major divisions but the sequence analysis of DElía et al. (1999) does not support those lineages. A mendocinus group was designated by Massarini et al. (1991a) composed of morphologically similar species: australis, azarae, mendocinus, porteousi, and C. sp. from Chasicó. F... [truncated]	
13400279	Ctenomys argentinus	Conterras and Berry 1982	SPECIES			argentinus		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Hist. Nat. (Argentina) vol.2 20 p.166			Formosa, Chaco, Santiago del Estero, and Santa Fe Provinces (NC Argentina).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	See Contreras and Berry (1985) for distribution. Karyotype has 2n=44 and FN=50-52 (Giménez et al., 1997; Ortells et al., 1990).	Argentine Tuco-tuco
13400280	Ctenomys australis	Rusconi 1934	SPECIES			australis		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Rev. Chil. Nat. Hist. vol.38 p.108			E Argentina in Buenos Aires Prov.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Considered distinct from porteousi by Contreras and Reig (1965) and Roig and Reig (1969). Placed in the mendocinus group by Massarini et al. (1991a). Karyotype is 2n=48, FN=76 (Massarini et al., 1991a). In addition, to being the only member of the mendocinus group to have an invariant karyotype, australis exhibts much lower genetic variation than porteousi (Apfelbaum et al., 1991).	Southern Tuco-tuco
13700581	Sorex roboratus	Hollister 1913	SPECIES			roboratus	Sorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Smithson. Misc. Coll. vol.60 24 p.2		dukelskiae  Ognev, 1933; jacutensis Dudelsky, 1928; platycranius Ognev, 1922; thomasi Ognev, 1922; tomensis Ognev, 1922; turuchanensis Naumoff, 1931; vir G. Allen, 1914.	Russia east of River Ob to Ussuri River, south to Altai Mtns, N Mongolia, and Primorsk Krai.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Sorex, S. caecutiens group. Formerly known as vir but roboratus has priority (Hoffmann, 1985a; Zaitsev, 1988). Taxonomy and distribution revised by Hoffmann (1985a). Karyotype has 2n = 42, FN = 70 (Orlov and Kozlovsky, 1971).	Flat-skulled Shrew
13400281	Ctenomys azarae	Thomas 1903	SPECIES			azarae		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.11 p.228			Córdoba and La Pampa Provs. (Argentina).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Cabrera (1961) synonymized azarae under mendocinus. Considered distinct from mendocinus by Roig and Reig (1969). Placed in the mendocinus group by Massarini et al. (1991a). Karyotype has 2n=46-48 and FN=68-74 (Massarini et al., 1998). Topotypes of azarae, mendocinus and porteousi have G-band equivalence and these three taxa share a Robertsonian polymorphism leading Massarini et al. (1998) to suggest that azarae and porteousi may be conspecific with mendocinus.	Azaras Tuco-tuco
13400282	Ctenomys bergi	Thomas 1902	SPECIES			bergi		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.9 p.241			SW Córdoba Prov. (C Argentina).		Included in mendocinus by Cabrera (1961). Karyotype has 2n=48 and FN=90 (Giménez et al., 1999).	Bergs Tuco-tuco
13400283	Ctenomys boliviensis	Waterhouse 1848	SPECIES			boliviensis		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Nat. Hist. Mamm. vol.2 p.278		braziliensis  Pelzen, 1883; nattereri Wagner, 1848; rondoni Ribeiro, 1914.	Santa Cruz Dept. (C Bolivia), Mato Grosso (SW Brazil), W Paraguay, and Formosa Prov., Argentina.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt) as C. nattereri, Lower Risk (lc) as C. boliviensis.	Several different karyotypes have been reported including 2n=36, FN=64; 2n=42, FN=64 and 2n=44-45, FN=68 (Anderson et al., 1987). Anderson et al. (1987) suggested that three or more cryptic species with different karyotypes may be included within this taxon, one of which (goodfellowi) was elevated to specific rank (Anderson, 1997). Anderson et al. (1987) considered nattereri a subspecies of boliviensis but Woods (1993) recognized it as a species without comment.	Bolivian Tuco-tuco
13400284	Ctenomys boliviensis subsp. boliviensis	Waterhouse 1848	SUBSPECIES		boliviensis	boliviensis		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Nat. Hist. Mamm. vol.2 p.278						
13400285	Ctenomys boliviensis subsp. nattereri	Wagner 1848	SUBSPECIES		nattereri	boliviensis		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia							
13400286	Ctenomys bonettoi	Conterras and Berry 1982	SPECIES			bonettoi		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Hist. Nat. (Argentina) vol.2 14 p.123			Argentina, SE Chaco Prov.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Very similar to mendocinus and haigi based on isozymes (Sage et al., 1986a).	Bonettos Tuco-tuco
13800300	Pteropus hypomelanus subsp. geminorum	Miller 1903	SUBSPECIES		geminorum	hypomelanus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						subnigerspecies group.	
13400288	Ctenomys budini	Thomas 1913	SPECIES			budini		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.11 p.141		barbarus  (Thomas, 1921).	SE Jujuy Prov., Argentina.		Considered a synonym of frater by Redford and Eisenberg (1992) and Woods (1993) without comment but listed as a distinct species by Galliari et al. (1996). Thomas (1921b) recognized four subspecies but Ellerman (1940) treated sylvanus as a separate species and considered utibilis as a subspecies of that taxon. Galliari et al. (1996) listed barbarus as a distinct species.	Budins Tuco-tuco
13400289	Ctenomys budini subsp. budini	Thomas 1913	SUBSPECIES		budini	budini		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.11 p.141						
13400290	Ctenomys budini subsp. barbarus	Thomas 1921	SUBSPECIES		barbarus	budini		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia							
13400291	Ctenomys colburni	J. A. Allen 1903	SPECIES			colburni		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.19 p.188			Extreme W Santa Cruz Prov. (Argentina).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Karyotype has 2n=34 and FN=64 (Gallardo, 1991).	Colburns Tuco-tuco
13400292	Ctenomys coludo	Thomas 1920	SPECIES			coludo		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.6 p.119			Catamarca Prov., Argentina.		Included in fulvus by Cabrera (1961) and Woods (1993), but considered provisionally distinct by Contreras et al. (1977) and Galliari et al. (1996) commented on the absence of data for placing this taxon in synonomy.	Puntilla Tuco-tuco
13400293	Ctenomys conoveri	Osgood 1946	SPECIES			conoveri		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Fieldiana Zool. vol.31 p.47			Gran Chaco of Paraguay, NE Argentina, and SE Boliva.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Cabrera (1961), based on Osgood (1946), placed this form in a separate subgenus Chacomys, as did Nowak (1999). Recognition of this monotypic subgenus is not supported by allozymes (Cook and Yates, 1994) or sequence analysis (Lessa and Cook, 1998). Karyotype has 2n=48-50 and FN=70 (Anderson et al., 1987).	Chacoan Tuco-tuco
13400294	Ctenomys coyhaiquensis	Kelt and Gallardo 1994	SPECIES			coyhaiquensis		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	J. Mammal. vol.75 p.344			Known from type locality and Prov. Coyhaique, 4.5 km SE Coyhaique Alto (Chile).		Karyotype has 2n=28 and FN=44.	Coyhaique Tuco-tuco
13400339	Ctenomys peruanus	Sanborn and Pearson 1947	SPECIES			peruanus		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.60 p.13			Altiplano of extreme S Peru.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Peruvian Tuco-tuco
13400295	Ctenomys dorbignyi	Contreras and Contreras 1984	SPECIES			dorbignyi		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Hist. Nat. vol.4 13 p.131			Prov. Corrientes (Argentina).		See Contreras and Scolaro (1986) for details of geographic distribution. Karyotype has 2n=70 and FN=84 (Ortells et al., 1990) but Garcia et al. (2000) reported a FN=88. The karyotype of dorbignyi is indistinguishable from some of the karyotypes assigned to C. pearsoni in gross morphology (Ortells et al., 1990) and G-band patterns (Garcia et al., 2000). Garcia et al. (2000) reported differences in the C-bands of the two species but results for dorbignyi are different from that reported by Reig et al. (1992). Phylogenetic analysis of chromosomal characters indicates that dorbignyi is paraphyletic within pearsoni and Garcia et al. (2000) concluded that there are insufficient cytogenetic data to consider dorbignyi distinct from pearsoni. The problem is that several distinct karyotypes from different localities have been reported or associated with pearsoni, none of which can be associated with specimens from the type locality (see com... [truncated]	DOrbignys Tuco-tuco
13400296	Ctenomys dorsalis	Thomas 1900	SPECIES			dorsalis		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.6 p.385			Paraguay, west of the River of Paraguay in the N Chaco.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	The dubious taxonomic history of this taxon was discussed by Contreras and Roig (1991).	Black-backed Tuco-tuco
13400297	Ctenomys emilianus	Thomas and St. Leger 1926	SPECIES			emilianus		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.18 p.637			Neuquén Prov. (Argentina), confined to sand dune habitats at about 800 m.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Emilios Tuco-tuco
13400298	Ctenomys famosus	Thomas 1920	SPECIES			famosus		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.6 p.420			Sierra Famatina of NW Rioja Prov., Argentina.		Recognized as a subspecies of fulvus by Cabrera (1961) and Woods (1993), but considered provisionally distinct by Contreras et al. (1977) and Galliari et al. (1996) recognized it as distinct.	Famatina Tuco-tuco
13400299	Ctenomys flamarioni	Travi 1981	SPECIES			flamarioni		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Iheringia vol.60 p.123			Coastal sand dunes in Rio Grande do Sul, S Brazil.	Endangered from urbanization (Freitas, 1995).	Karyotype has 2n=48 and FN=50-78 (Freitas, 1994). Freitas (1994) suggested that this species might belong to the mendocinus group.	Flamarions Tuco-tuco
13400300	Ctenomys fochi	Thomas 1919	SPECIES			fochi		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.3 p.117			SW Catamarca Prov., Argentina.		Included in mendocinus by Cabrera (1961) and Woods (1993), but Galliari et al. (1996) indicated that neither make a case for its synonymy.	Fochs Tuco-tuco
13400315	Ctenomys lami	Freitas 2001	SPECIES			lami		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Stud. Neotrop. Fauna Envir. vol.36 1 p.2			Coxilha das Lombas, from the type locality NE of Guaiba River nearly 80 km to SW banks of Barros Lake, Rio Grande do Sul, S Brazil.		Karyotype has 2n=54-58 and FN=76-82.	Lami Tuco-tuco
13400301	Ctenomys fodax	Thomas 1910	SPECIES			fodax		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.5 p.243			Known only from the type locality but see comments.		Included in magellanicus by Osgood (1943). Karyotype has 2n=28 and FN=42 (Reig et al., 1992). Reig et al. (1992) suggested that a specimen with this karyotype reported by Gallardo (1991) as Ctenomys sp. (aff. colburni) from Chile Chico on the west shore of General Carrera Lake (46<sup>o</sup>32S, 71<sup>o</sup>45W) was actually fodax.	Lago Blanco Tuco-tuco
13400302	Ctenomys frater	Thomas 1902	SPECIES			frater		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.9 p.185		mordosus  (Thomas, 1926); sylvanus Thomas 1925.	SW Bolivia at 600-4,300 m.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Uncommon.	Woods (1993) included barbarus, budini, and utibilis but see Galliari et al. (1996). Argentine populations previously recognized as frater are here recognized as budini or sylvanus. Closely related to lewisi (Cook et al., 1990; Cook and Yates, 1994; Lessa and Cook, 1998). Karyotype has 2n=52 and FN=78 (Cook et al., 1990).	Reddish Tuco-tuco
13400303	Ctenomys frater subsp. frater	Thomas 1902	SUBSPECIES		frater	frater		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.9 p.185						
13400304	Ctenomys frater subsp. mordosus	Thomas 1926	SUBSPECIES		mordosus	frater		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia							
13400305	Ctenomys fulvus	Philippi 1860	SPECIES			fulvus		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Reise Wuste Atacama p.157		atracamensis  Philippi, 1860; chilensis Philippi, 1896; pallidus Philippi, 1896; pernix Philippi, 1896; robustus Philippi, 1896.	Mountains and Monte desert of NW Argentina and N Chile.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes robustus, a Rassenkreis subspecies restricted to the oasis of Pica in Tarapaca Prov., Chile (Mann, 1978:292). Cabrera (1961) and Woods (1993) included coludo, famosus, johannis, and tulduco; but Contreras et al. (1977) considered these forms provisionally distinct and Galliari et al. (1996) indicated a lack of data to support change from specific status. Nowak (1999) considered johannis and robustus as distinct species. Karyotype has 2n=26 and FN=48 (Gallardo, 1991), but see Redford and Eisenberg (1992) who reported karyotypes of 2n=26; FN=52 for C. f. fulvus and 2n=25; FN=52 for C. f. robustus. Gallardo (1991) noted that the C-band pattern of robustus differs from that of fulvus but Gallardo and Palma (1992) found little genetic divergence between these two subspecies based upon protein electrophoresis.	Tawny Tuco-tuco
13400309	Ctenomys haigi	Thomas 1917	SPECIES			haigi		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.3 p.210		lentulus  Thomas, 1919.	Chubut and Rio Negro Provs., Argentina.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Cabrera (1961) synonymized haigi under mendocinus, but Pearson (1984) elevated it to a species based on the unique karyotype of 2n=50, FN=66 (Gallardo, 1991). Although the isozyme study of Gallardo and Palma (1992) found that haigi was paraphyletic, the lack of data from other taxa of the mendocinus complex makes it difficult to evaluate this conclusion. Substantial divergence has been reported between haigi and mendocinus consistent with their recognition at the species level (Lessa and Cook, 1998; Sage et al., 1986a).	Haigs Tuco-tuco
13400310	Ctenomys haigi subsp. haigi	Thomas 1917	SUBSPECIES		haigi	haigi		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.3 p.210						
13400311	Ctenomys haigi subsp. lentulus	Thomas 1919	SUBSPECIES		lentulus	haigi		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia							
13400312	Ctenomys johannis	Thomas 1921	SPECIES			johannis		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.7 p.523			S San Juan Prov., Argentina.		Originally described as a subspecies of coludo by Thomas (1921) but Cabrera (1961) and Woods (1993) included coludo and johannis in fulvus. Contreras et al. (1977) considered these forms provisionally distinct and Nowak (1999) and Galliari et al. (1996) considered johannis a distinct species. Contreras et al. (1977) corrected the elevation of the type locality to 600 m and suggested a close relationship with validus.	San Juan Tuco-tuco
13400313	Ctenomys juris	Thomas 1920	SPECIES			juris		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.5 p.194			SE Jujuy Prov., Argentina.		Cabrera (1961) synonymized juris under mendocinus. Included within mendocinus by Redford and Eisemberg (1992) and Woods (1993), but considered specifically distinct by Galliari et al. (1996).	Jujuy Tuco-tuco
13400360	Ctenomys tuconax	Thomas 1925	SPECIES			tuconax		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.15 p.583			East of the mountains to 3,000 m in Tucumán Prov. (NW Argentina).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Karyotype has 2n=58-61 and FN=80.	Robust Tuco-tuco
13400316	Ctenomys latro	Thomas 1918	SPECIES			latro		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.1 p.38			NW Argentina in Tucumán and Salta Provs.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Cabrera (1961) synonymized latro under mendocinus. Considered distinct from mendocinus by Roig and Reig (1969) and Reig and Kiblisky (1969). Karyotype has 2n=40-42 and FN=46-47 (Reig et al., 1992).	Mottled Tuco-tuco
13400317	Ctenomys leucodon	Waterhouse 1848	SPECIES			leucodon		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Nat. Hist. Mamm. vol.2 p.281			W Bolivia and E Peru around Lake Titicaca.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Osgood (1946) suggested that this taxon was distinct at the subgeneric level (Haptomys) and sequence analysis is consistant with that suggestion (Lessa and Cook, 1998). Karyotype has 2n=36 and FN=68 (Cook et al., 1990).	White-toothed Tuco-tuco
13400318	Ctenomys lewisi	Thomas 1926	SPECIES			lewisi		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.17 p.323			S Bolivia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Closely related to frater (Cook et al., 1990; Cook and Yates, 1994; Lessa and Cook, 1998). May be semi-aquatic (Anderson, pers. comm.). Karyotype has 2n=56 and FN=74 (Cook et al., 1990).	Lewis Tuco-tuco
13400319	Ctenomys magellanicus	Bennett 1835 "1836"	SPECIES			magellanicus		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1835 p.190		neglectus  Nehring, 1900; dicki Osgood, 1943; fueginus Philippi, 1880; osgoodi Allen, 1905; robustus J. A. Allen, 1903.	Extreme S Chile and S Argentina.	IUCN  Vulnerable; reduced in numbers by sheep grazing.	Osgood (1943) included fodax but see coments under that taxon. Karyotype has 2n=34-36 and FN=64 (Gallardo, 1991).	Magellanic Tuco-tuco
13400320	Ctenomys magellanicus subsp. magellanicus	Bennett 1835 "1836"	SUBSPECIES		magellanicus	magellanicus		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1835 p.190						
13400321	Ctenomys magellanicus subsp. dicki	Osgood 1943	SUBSPECIES		dicki	magellanicus		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia							
13400322	Ctenomys magellanicus subsp. fueginus	Philippi 1880	SUBSPECIES		fueginus	magellanicus		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia							
13400323	Ctenomys magellanicus subsp. osgoodi	Allen 1905	SUBSPECIES		osgoodi	magellanicus		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia							
13400324	Ctenomys maulinus	Philippi 1872	SPECIES			maulinus		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Z. Ges. Naturw., N.F. vol.6 p.442		brunneus  Osgood, 1943.	Between Talca and Cautin Provs. (SC Chile), and Neuquén Prov. (Argentina).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Karyotype has 2n=26 and FN=48 (Gallardo, 1991).	Maule Tuco-tuco
13400325	Ctenomys maulinus subsp. maulinus	Philippi 1872	SUBSPECIES		maulinus	maulinus		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Z. Ges. Naturw., N.F. vol.6 p.442						
13400326	Ctenomys maulinus subsp. brunneus	Osgood 1943	SUBSPECIES		brunneus	maulinus		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia							
13400353	Ctenomys sylvanus subsp. utibilis	Thomas 1920	SUBSPECIES		utibilis	sylvanus		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia							
13400327	Ctenomys mendocinus	Philippi 1869	SPECIES			mendocinus		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Arch. Naturgesch. vol.1 p.38			Eastern slopes of the Andes from Santa Cruz north to Mendoza province (Argentina).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Karyotype has 2n=47-48 and FN=75-76 (Massarini et al., 1991b). Cabrera (1961) synonymized bergi, fochi, haigi, juris, azarae, latro, pundti, occultus, and tucumanus under mendocinus. Roig and Reig (1969) considered azarae, latro, and tucumanus distinct from mendocinus based on the results of precipitin tests and Reig and Kiblisky (1969) recognized occultus, latro, and tucumanus as distinct based on strikingly different karyotypes. Several additional forms have been recognized as distinct species, including bergi (Giménez et al., 1999), haigi (Pearson, 1984), and pundti (Reig et al., 1992), based in part on karyotypic differentiation. Galliari et al. (1996) also recognized fochi and juris as species based in part on the lack of justification for their synonymy. A mendocinus group was designated by Massarini et al. (1991a) composed of morphologically simila... [truncated]	Mendoza Tuco-tuco
13400328	Ctenomys minutus	Nehring 1887	SPECIES			minutus		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin p.47		beltzeri  Contreras and Contreras, 1984; marthae Contreras and Contreras, 1984; monesi Contreras and Contreras, 1984; reigi Contreras and Contreras, 1984; bicolor Ribeiro, 1914.	Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, and Mato Grosso (S Brazil) and E Bolivia, but see Freitas (1995) who suggested that minutus is endemic to the Coastal Plains of S Brazil and that specimens described as minutus from Bolivia represent another species.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Langguth and Abella (1970). Six subspecies were recognized by Contreras and Contreras (1984), however, no justification was given for the four new subspecies named in that paper. Altuna and Lessa (1985) and Altuna et al. (1985) regarded C. m. rionegrensis as a full species (see comments under rionegrensis). Karyotype has 2n=42, 45-50 and FN=76 (Freitas, 1997).	Tiny Tuco-tuco
13400329	Ctenomys minutus subsp. minutus	Nehring 1887	SUBSPECIES		minutus	minutus		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin p.47						
13400330	Ctenomys minutus subsp. bicolor	Ribeiro 1914	SUBSPECIES		bicolor	minutus		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia							
13800059	Cynopterus nusatenggara subsp. wetarensis	Kitchener 1996	SUBSPECIES		wetarensis	nusatenggara		Cynopterus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	[in Kitchener and Maharadatunkamsi, 1996]						
13400332	Ctenomys opimus	Wagner 1848	SPECIES			opimus		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Arch. Naturgesch. vol.1 p.75		luteolus  Thomas, 1900; nigriceps Thomas, 1900.	NW Argentina, SW Bolivia, S Peru, N Chile between 2,000 and 5,000 m on the high Andean steppe (=Puna).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Common.	May be conspecific with fulvus; opimus and fulvus cannot be separated on the basis of karyotypes (see Gallardo, 1979 and Cook et al., 1990). Karyotype has 2n=26 and FN=48 (Gallardo, 1991).	Highland Tuco-tuco
13400333	Ctenomys opimus subsp. opimus	Wagner 1848	SUBSPECIES		opimus	opimus		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Arch. Naturgesch. vol.1 p.75						
13400334	Ctenomys opimus subsp. luteolus	Thomas 1900	SUBSPECIES		luteolus	opimus		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia							
13400335	Ctenomys opimus subsp. nigriceps	Thomas 1900	SUBSPECIES		nigriceps	opimus		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia							
13400336	Ctenomys osvaldoreigi	Contreras 1995	SPECIES			osvaldoreigi		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Notulas Faunisticas vol.84 p.1			Known only from the type locality above 2000 m in the Sierras Grandes (Argentina).		Not recognized by Galliari et al. (1996). Karyotpe has 2n=52, FN=56 (Giménez et al., 1999).	Reigs Tuco-tuco
13400337	Ctenomys pearsoni	Lessa and Langguth 1983	SPECIES			pearsoni		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Com. Jour. Cienc. Nat. Montevideo (Uruguay) vol.3 p.86			Soriana, San José, and Colonia Depts. (Uruguay).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Several karyotypes from different localities have been reported or associated with this taxon, including 2n=68-70, FN=80 (Novello et al., 1990); 2n=70, FN=80 (Kiblisky et al., 1977; associated with pearsoni by Lessa and Langguth, 1983); and 2n=56 and FN=77-79 (Novello et al., 1990). Three different fundamental numbers have been reported for the 2n=70 karyotype (80 by Novello et al., 1990; 84 by Ortells et al., 1990; and 88 by Garcia et al., 2000). No karyotype can be associated with specimens from the type locality. The lack of G-band homology between the 2n=70 karyotype and the 2n=56 karyotype led Novello and Lessa (1986) to suggest that more than a single species was represented in C. pearsoni. Garcia et al. (2000) concluded that the 2n=70 karyotype of pearsoni was identical to the karyotype of dorbignyi and that there was no cytogenetic data for the regognition of dorbignyi.	Pearsons Tuco-tuco
13400338	Ctenomys perrensi	Thomas 1898	SPECIES			perrensi		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.18 p.311			Central area of W Corrientes Prov. (NE Argentina).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	See Contreras et al. (1985) for distribution. Specimens from the type locality have karyotypes of 2n=50, FN=84 (Ortells et al., 1990). Specimens taken north of the type locality with FN=84 and 2n=53-56 or 58 were tentatively assigned to this taxon (Ortells et al., 1990; Reig et al., 1992) but specimens from two other localities with FN=84 and 2n=62 were not included. Little or no genetic differentiation and no fixed differences of isozymes were observed among any of the populations with FN=84 from Corrientes Prov., suggesting that these populations are conspecific (Ortells and Barrantes, 1994). Further, no fixed differences of isozymes were observed among perrensi, dorbignyi, and roigi (Ortells and Barrantes, 1994).	Goya Tuco-tuco
13400340	Ctenomys pilarensis	Contreras 1993	SPECIES			pilarensis		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Resúmenes VI Congreso Iberoamericano de Conservación v Zoología de Vertebrados p.44			E Paraguay, Depts. Ñembucú and Misiones, between the Paraguay and Parana Rivers.		Karyotype has 2n=48 or 50, FN=50 (Giménez et al., 1997).	Pilar Tuco-tuco
13400341	Ctenomys pontifex	Thomas 1918	SPECIES			pontifex		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.1 p.39			W Argentina, east of the Andes in San Luis and Mendoza Provs.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Pearson and Lagiglia (1992) noted that pontifex may be a synonym of maulinus.	San Luis Tuco-tuco
13400342	Ctenomys porteousi	Thomas 1916	SPECIES			porteousi		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.18 p.304			Buenos Aires and La Pampa Provs. (E Argentina).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Cabrera (1961) included australis in porteousi; but see Contreras and Reig (1965) and Roig and Reig (1969:670) who considered australis as a distinct species. Placed in the mendocinus group by Massarini et al. (1991a). Karyotype has 2n=47-48 and FN=71-73 (Massarini et al., 1991a). Although populations of porteousi demonstrate both highly polymorphic karyotypes and high allozymic heterozygosity, Massarini et al. (1992) inferred high rates of gene flow to account for the homogeneity observed among local populations. See comments under azarae.	Porteouss Tuco-tuco
13400343	Ctenomys pundti	Nehring 1900	SPECIES			pundti		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Zool. Anz. vol.23 p.423			S Cordoba and S San Luis Provs. (Argentina).		Included in mendocinus by Cabrera (1961). Redford and Eisenberg (1992) and Woods (1993) included pundti in mendocinus but Galliari et al. (1996) listed it as a distinct species. Karyotype has 2n=50 and FN=86 (Reig et al., 1992).	Pundts Tuco-tuco
13400361	Ctenomys tucumanus	Thomas 1900	SPECIES			tucumanus		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.6 p.301			NW Argentina.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Cabrera (1961) synonymized tucumanus under mendocinus. Considered distinct from mendocinus by Roig and Reig (1969) and Reig and Kiblisky (1969). Karyotype has 2n=28 and FN=52 (Reig et al., 1992).	Tucumán Tuco-tuco
13400344	Ctenomys rionegrensis	Langguth and Abella 1970	SPECIES			rionegrensis		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Comn. Zool. Mus. Hist. Nat. Montevideo vol.10 129 p.13			Entre Rios Prov. (Argentina) and Dept. Rio Negro (Uruguay).		Included in minutus by Redford and Eisenberg (1992) but it is distinct based on cranial (Langguth and Abella, 1970), penial, and sperm morphology (Altuna and Lessa, 1985). The relationship with the four subspecies of minutus from Entre Rio Province named without describtion by Contreras and Contreras (1984) is unknown. Karyotype has 2n=48, 50, 52, or 56; FN=68-70, 72, 74, or 80 (Reig et al., 1992).	Rio Negro Tuco-tuco
13400345	Ctenomys roigi	Contreras 1988	SPECIES			roigi		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Bol. Inst. Estud. Almerienses p.53			Rio Paraná in Corrientes Prov. (Argentina).		Not listed by Redford and Eisenberg (1992) but recognized by Galliari et al. (1996). Karyotype has 2n=48 and FN=80 (Ortells et al., 1990, but see Reig et al. 1992).	Roigs Tuco-tuco
13400346	Ctenomys saltarius	Thomas 1912	SPECIES			saltarius		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.10 p.639			Salta and Jujuy Provs. (N Argentina).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Common.		Salta Tuco-tuco
13400347	Ctenomys scagliai	Contreras 1999	SPECIES			scagliai		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Ciencia Siglo XXI vol.3 p.10			Known only from the type locality.		Contreras (1999) concluded that this taxon is related to a primitive stem of the genus including C. opimus  C. pundit  C. talarum. The karyotype attributed to C. knighti with a 2n=36 and FN=64 (Reig et al., 1992) are from representatives of this species.	Scaglias Tuco-tuco
13400348	Ctenomys sericeus	J. A. Allen 1903	SPECIES			sericeus		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.19 p.187			SW Argentina in Santa Cruz, Chubut, and Río Negro Provs.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Silky Tuco-tuco
13400349	Ctenomys sociabilis	Pearson and Christie 1985	SPECIES			sociabilis		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Hist. Nat. (Argentina) vol.5 p.338			In region of Reserva Nacional del Parque Nacional Nahuel Huapi, Neuquén Prov., Argentina.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Not included in Redford and Eisenberg (1992). Karyotype has 2n=56 and FN=72 (Gallardo, 1991) but see Reig et al. (1992) for comments concerning FN.	Colonial Tuco-tuco
13400350	Ctenomys steinbachi	Thomas 1907	SPECIES			steinbachi		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.20 p.164			Bolivia, W Santa Cruz Dept.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Karyotype has 2n=10 and FN=16 (Anderson et al., 1987).	Steinbachs Tuco-tuco
13400351	Ctenomys sylvanus	Thomas 1919	SPECIES			sylvanus		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.4 p.155		utibilis  (Thomas, 1920).	SE Jujuy Prov. and Salta Prov. (NW Argentina).		Considered a synonym of frater by Woods (1993) without comment but listed as a distinct species by Galliari et al. (1996).	Forest Tuco-tuco
13400352	Ctenomys sylvanus subsp. sylvanus	Thomas 1919	SUBSPECIES		sylvanus	sylvanus		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.4 p.155						
13400354	Ctenomys talarum	Thomas 1898	SPECIES			talarum		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.1 p.285		antonii  Thomas 1910; occidentalis Justo, 1992; recessus (Thomas, 1912).	Along the coast in Buenos Aires Prov. (E Argentina), possibly to Santa Fe Prov.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Considered a subspecies of mendocinus by Cabrera (1961). Karyotype has 2n=46-50 and FN =73-86 (see Reig et al., 1992).	Los Talas Tuco-tuco
13400355	Ctenomys talarum subsp. talarum	Thomas 1898	SUBSPECIES		talarum	talarum		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.1 p.285						
13400356	Ctenomys talarum subsp. antonii	Thomas 1910	SUBSPECIES		antonii	talarum		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia							
13400357	Ctenomys talarum subsp. occidentalis	Justo 1992	SUBSPECIES		occidentalis	talarum		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia							
13400358	Ctenomys talarum subsp. recessus	Thomas 1912	SUBSPECIES		recessus	talarum		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia							
13400359	Ctenomys torquatus	Lichtenstein 1830	SPECIES			torquatus		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Darst. Säugeth. p.text of pl. 31			Uruguay, NE Argentina, extreme S Brazil.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Endangered from stripe coal mining (Freitas, 1995).	Considered a distinct species by Ellerman (1940) and Nowak (1999); but see Cabrera (1961:547) who provisionally included it in brasiliensis. Although six different karyotypes attributed to C. torquatus have been reported (Freitas and Lessa, 1984; Kiblisky et al., 1977; Reig et al., 1966), two of those (2n=56 and 70) were from populations currently recognized as C. pearsoni (Novello and Lessa, 1986). Populations of C. torquatus from S Brazil and N Uruguay have 2n=44-46 (FN=72) and populations from S Uruguay and NE Argentina have 2n=64 or 68 (FN=96); see Freitas and Lessa (1984).	Collared Tuco-tuco
13400365	Ctenomys yolandae	Contreras and Berry 1984	SPECIES			yolandae		Ctenomys	Ctenomyidae	Rodentia	Resumenes VII Jornadas Argentinas Zoologia, Mar del Plata p.75			Along the Paraná and San Javier Rivers, Santa Fe Prov.		Not recognized by Redford and Eisenberg (1992) but listed by Galliari et al. (1996). Karyotype has 2n=50 and FN=78 and shares several chromosomal characteristics with rionegrensis (Ortells et al. 1990). Distinct in both penial (Balbontin et al., 1996) and sperm morphology (Vitullo et al., 1988).	Yolandas Tuco-tuco
13400366	Octodontidae	Waterhouse 1839 "1840"	FAMILY						Octodontidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1839 p.172		Spalacopidae Lilljeborg, 1866.			Sometimes considered the most primitive group of South American hystricognaths with numerous fossil genera from Oligocene on, but Reig (1986:418) reserved this distinction for the Echimyidae. Ctenomys is often placed here as a subfamily, and is closely related to octodontids (see comments under Ctenomyidae and in Cook et al. (1990:22-23). Chromosomal variation is not as conservative as previously thought, 2n=38-102 and includes the only known mammalian tetraploid (Gallardo et al., 1999). Molecular data (Gallardo and Kirsch, 2000; Honeycutt et al., 2003) support the monophyly of the Octodontidae and the sister taxon relationship with the Ctenomyidae.	
13400367	Aconaemys	Ameghino 1891	GENUS					Aconaemys	Octodontidae	Rodentia	Rev. Argent. Hist. Nat. vol.1 p.245	Schizodon fuscus Waterhouse, 1842.				Reig (1986:408) noted that Aconaemys is not separable from the Pliocene/Pleistocene form Pithanotomys Ameghino, 1887 at the generic level. If indeed the two are not separable, Pithanotomys would have priority as a name over Aconaemys. McKenna and Bell (1997) included in Pithanotomys. Aconaemys appears to by paraphyletic to Spalacopus (Gallardo and Kirsch, 2000; Honeycutt et al., 2003).	
13400368	Aconaemys fuscus	Waterhouse 1841 "1842"	SPECIES			fuscus		Aconaemys	Octodontidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1841 p.91			High Andes of Chile and Argentina (between 33<sup>o</sup> and 41<sup>o</sup>S).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Locally abundant.	Waterhouse never designated a type specimen, which was finally designated by Thomas (1917a). Waterhouses original type locality was "from Chile", but in 1848 he added that the locality was from the Valle de las Cuevas near the Volcano of Peteroa, which would make the locality in Argentina (Pearson, 1984). Karyotype has 2n=56 and FN=108 (Gallardo and Reise, 1992).	Chilean Rock Rat
13700752	Dymecodon	True 1886	GENUS					Dymecodon	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. vol.9 p.97	Dymecodon pilirostris True, 1886.	Dimecodon  Coues, 1889.			Often included in Urotrichus, as in the last edition (Hutterer, 1993a), but morphological (Imaizumi, 1970b) and genetical data (Shinohara et al., 2003) support generic status.	
13400369	Aconaemys porteri	Thomas 1917	SPECIES			porteri		Aconaemys	Octodontidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8. vol.19 p.281			NE slope of Villarrica Volcano to Puyehue (Chile) and to Nahuelhuapi Lake district (Argentina); between 900 to 2,000 m.		Pearson (1984) synomyized porteri with fuscus, but Gallardo and Reise (1992) demonstrated that the two are morphologically and chromosomally distinct. Karyotype has 2n=58 and FN=112 (Gallardo and Reise, 1992).	Porters Rock Rat
13400370	Aconaemys sagei	Pearson 1984	SPECIES			sagei		Aconaemys	Octodontidae	Rodentia	J. Zool. Lond. vol.202 p.229			Known only from near Lago Quillén and Lago Hui Hui at Pampa de Hui Hui in Neuquén Prov. of Argentina. but reports suggest it might also occur in Malleco Prov. of Chile.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Locally abundant, but may have very limited distribution.	Much smaller than A. fuscus. Karyotype has 2n=54 and FN=104 (Gallardo and Reise, 1992).	Sages Rock Rat
13400371	Octodon	Bennett 1832	GENUS					Octodon	Octodontidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1832 p.46	Octodon cumingii Bennett, 1832 (= Sciurus degus Molina, 1782).	Dendrobius Meyen, 1833; Dendroleius Meyen, 1833.				
13400372	Octodon bridgesi	Waterhouse 1844 "1845"	SPECIES			bridgesi		Octodon	Octodontidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1844 p.155			Chilean Andes from 34<sup>o</sup>15 to at least 40<sup>o</sup>S (Redford and Eisenberg, 1992).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Once common, but now quite rare (Redford and Eisenberg, 1992).	Massoia (1979:36) reported Octodon, perhaps bridgesi, from S Argentina. Karyotype has 2n=58 and FN=112 (Gallardo, 1992).	Bridgess Degu
13400404	Cuscomys ashaninka	Emmons 1999	SPECIES			ashaninka		Cuscomys	Abrocomidae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.3279 p.2			Known only from the type locality.		An arboreally adapted abrocomid rodent.	Ashaninka Arboreal Chinchilla Rat
13400373	Octodon degus	Molina 1782	SPECIES			degus		Octodon	Octodontidae	Rodentia	Sagg. Stor. Nat. Chile p.303		alba  Fitzinger, 1867; clivorum Thomas, 1927; cumingii Bennett, 1832; getulus (Poeppig, 1829); kummingii (Schinz, 1845); pallidus Wagner, 1845; peruana Waterhouse, 1848.	Chile, west slope of the Andes between Vallenar and Curico, to 1,200 m.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Common.	Reviewed by Woods and Boraker (1975). Karyotype has 2n=58 and FN=112 (Reig et al., 1972).	Degu
13400374	Octodon lunatus	Osgood 1943	SPECIES			lunatus		Octodon	Octodontidae	Rodentia	Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser. vol.30 p.110			Coastal mountains of Valparaiso, Aconcagua, and Coquimbo Provs. (Chile) between 31<sup>o</sup>30 and 35<sup>o</sup>S.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Common.	Included in Octodon bridgesi by Tamayo and Frassinetti (1980:354). Karyotype has 2n=78 (Spotorno et al., 1988).	Moon-toothed Degu
13400375	Octodon pacificus	Hutterer 1994	SPECIES			pacificus		Octodon	Octodontidae	Rodentia	Z. Säugetierk. vol.59 p.28			Known only from type locality.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Larger and heavier than the three mainland species of this genus.	Pacific Degu
13400376	Octodontomys	Palmer 1903	GENUS					Octodontomys	Octodontidae	Rodentia	Science, n.s. vol.17 p.873	Neoctodon simonsi Thomas, 1902 (= Octodon gliroides Gervais and dOrbigny, 1844).	Neoctodon  Thomas, 1902 [preoccupied].				
13400377	Octodontomys gliroides	Gervais and dOrbigny 1844	SPECIES			gliroides		Octodontomys	Octodontidae	Rodentia	Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris p.22		simonsi  Thomas, 1902.	Andes of N Chile, SW Bolivia, and NW Argentina; occurs between 2,000 and 5,000 m in xeric habitats.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Common.	Karyotype has 2n=38 and FN=64 (Gallardo, 1992; George and Weir, 1972a).	Mountain Degu
13400378	Octomys	Thomas 1920	GENUS					Octomys	Octodontidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.6 p.117	Octomys mimax Thomas, 1920.				Formerly included Octomys barrerae, which is now separated as Tympanoctomys.	
13400379	Octomys mimax	Thomas 1920	SPECIES			mimax		Octomys	Octodontidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.6 p.118		joannius  Thomas, 1921.	Foothills and lower montane slopes of the Andes, and portions of the Monte Desert of Catamarca, La Rioja, San Juan, and N Mendoza Provs. (Argentina).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Occurs at higher elevations in Andes, and is similar in habits to Neotoma, the North American Woodrat (Redford and Eisenberg, 1992). Karyotype has 2n=56 and FN=108 (Contreras et al., 1994).	Viscacha Rat
13400380	Pipanacoctomys	Mares, Braum, Barquez, and Diaz 2000	GENUS					Pipanacoctomys	Octodontidae	Rodentia	Occas. Papers, Mus. Texas Tech Univ vol.203 p.3	Pipanacoctomys aureus Mares					
13400381	Pipanacoctomys aureus	Mares, Braum, Barquez, and Diaz 2000	SPECIES			aureus		Pipanacoctomys	Octodontidae	Rodentia	Occas. Papers, Mus. Texas Tech Univ. vol.203 p.3			Known only from the type locality.		Analysis of morphological data (Mares et al., 2000) suggests sister taxon relationship with Salinoctomys and close relationship with Tympanoctomys.	Golden Vizcacha Rat
13400382	Salinoctomys	Mares, Braum, Barquez, and Diaz 2000	GENUS					Salinoctomys	Octodontidae	Rodentia	Occas. Papers, Mus. Texas Tech Univ. vol.203 p.6	Salinoctomys loschalchalerosorum Mares, Braum, Barquez, and Diaz, 2000.					
13400383	Salinoctomys loschalchalerosorum	Mares, Braum, Barquez, and Diaz 2000	SPECIES			loschalchalerosorum		Salinoctomys	Octodontidae	Rodentia	Occas. Papers, Mus. Texas Tech Univ. vol.203 p.6			Known only from the type locality.		Analysis of morphological data (Mares et al., 2000) suggests sister taxon relationship with Pipanacoctomys and close relationship with Tympanoctomys.	Chalchalero Vizcacha Rat
13400384	Spalacopus	Wagler 1832	GENUS					Spalacopus	Octodontidae	Rodentia	Isis vol.25 p.1219	Spalacopus poeppigii Wagler, 1832 (= Mus cyanus Molina, 1782).	Poephagomys  F. Cuvier, 1834; Psammoryctes Poeppig, 1835.			Aconaemys appears to by paraphyletic to Spalacopus (Gallardo and Kirsch, 2000; Honeycutt et al., 2003).	
13400385	Spalacopus cyanus	Molina 1782	SPECIES			cyanus		Spalacopus	Octodontidae	Rodentia	Sagg. Stor. Nat. Chile p.300		ater  (F. Cuvier, 1834); noctivagus (Poeppig, 1835); maulinus Osgood, 1943; poeppigii Wagler, 1832; tabanus Thomas, 1925.	Chile, west of the Andes between 27<sup>o</sup> and 36<sup>o</sup>S.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Locally common, very fossorial.	Reviewed by Torres-Mura and Contreras (1998). Includes tabanus (Cabrera, 1961:517; Corbet and Hill, 1991:203; Osgood, 1943). Three subspecies (cyanus, poeppigi, maulinus) recognized by Contreras et al. (1987). Karyotype has 2n=58 and FN=112 (Reig et al., 1972).	Coruro
13400389	Tympanoctomys	Yepes 1940 "1941"	GENUS					Tympanoctomys	Octodontidae	Rodentia	Rev. Inst. Bact. vol.9 p.569	Octomys barrerae Lawrence, 1941.				Considered a synonym of Octomys (see Reig, 1986:408; Corbet and Hill, 1991:204), but Cabrera (1961:516) and Redford and Eisenberg (1992) considered it a separate genus based on very enlarged tympanic bullae. Octomys identified as sister taxon by molecular data (Gallardo and Kirsch, 2001; Honeycutt et al., 2003), however, Mares et al. (2000) suggested Pipanacoctomys and Salinoctomys are the sister taxa. Although demonstrated to be a tetraploid, its chromosomal evolution is more complicated than a simple duplication of the chromosomes of Octomys (Gallardo et al., 1999).	
13400390	Tympanoctomys barrerae	Lawrence 1941	SPECIES			barrerae		Tympanoctomys	Octodontidae	Rodentia	Proc. New England Zool. Club vol.18 p.43			Arid plains of Mendoza Province.	IUCN  Vulnerable; rare.	Reviewed by Diaz et al. (2000, Mammalian Species 646). Karyotype is 2n=102 (Contreras and Tores-Mura, 1987) and Gallardo et al. (1999) demonstrated that this species is tetraploid.	Red Viscacha-rat
13400391	Abrocomidae	Miller and Gidley 1918	FAMILY						Abrocomidae	Rodentia	Jour. Washington Acad. Sci. vol.8 13 p.447					The phylogenetic affinity of Abrocoma has been problematic; Ellerman (1940) placed within the family Echimyidae, Landry (1957) within the family Octodontidae whereas Patterson and Wood (1982) assigned familial status. Glanz and Anderson (1990) suggested a sister relationship between Abrocomidae and Chinchillidae. Molecular data (Gallardo and Kirsch, 2001; Honeycutt et al., 2003; Huchon and Douzery, 2001) and allozyme data (Köhler et al., 2000) support familial status within the superfamily Octodontoidea and most suggest a basal position for the Abrocomidae.	
13400393	Abrocoma bennettii	Waterhouse 1837	SPECIES			bennettii		Abrocoma	Abrocomidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1837 p.31		cuvieri  Waterhouse, 1837; helvina (Wagner, 1842); laniger Prell, 1934; murrayi Wolffsohn, 1916.	Chile from Copiapo to the area of Rio Biobio.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Common.	Karyotype has 2n=64 and FN=110 (Contreras et al., 1990).	Bennetts Chinchilla Rat
13400394	Abrocoma bennettii subsp. bennettii	Waterhouse 1837	SUBSPECIES		bennettii	bennettii		Abrocoma	Abrocomidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1837 p.31						
13400395	Abrocoma bennettii subsp. murrayi	Wolffsohn 1916	SUBSPECIES		murrayi	bennettii		Abrocoma	Abrocomidae	Rodentia							
13400396	Abrocoma boliviensis	Glanz and Anderson 1990	SPECIES			boliviensis		Abrocoma	Abrocomidae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.2991 p.23			Only known from the vicinity of the type locality.	IUCN  Vulnerable.		Bolivian Chinchilla Rat
13400397	Abrocoma budini	Thomas 1920	SPECIES			budini		Abrocoma	Abrocomidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.5 p.475			Known only from the type locality but Braun and Mares (2002) suggested probable restriction to Sierra de Ambato of Catamarca and La Rioja Provinces.		Ellerman (1940) considered budini a subspecies of cinerea but Braun and Mares (2002) recognized it as distinct.	Budins Chinchilla Rat
13400398	Abrocoma cinerea	Thomas 1919	SPECIES			cinerea		Abrocoma	Abrocomidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.4 p.132			High elevations of SE Peru, SW Bolivia, N Chile, and NW Argentina (Jujuy, Salta and Tucumán Provinces).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Rare.	Ellerman (1940) included budini, famatina, schistacea, and vaccarum as subspecies but Braun and Mares (2002) recognized each as a distinct species.	Ashy Chinchilla Rat
13400399	Abrocoma famatina	Thomas 1920	SPECIES			famatina		Abrocoma	Abrocomidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.6 p.419			Known from the Sierra de Famatina but Cabrera (1961) suggested possible occurrence in eastern portions of San Juan Prov., Argentina.		Ellerman (1940) considered famatina a subspecies of cinerea but Braun and Mares (2002) recognized it as distinct.	Famatina Chinchilla Rat
13400400	Abrocoma shistacea	Thomas 1921	SPECIES			shistacea		Abrocoma	Abrocomidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.8 p.216			Known from the Sierra del Tontal of southern San Juan Prov., Argentina.		Ellerman (1940) considered shistacea a subspecies of cinerea but Braun and Mares (2002) recognized it as distinct.	Sierra del Tontal Chinchilla Rat
13400401	Abrocoma uspallata	Braun and Mares 2002	SPECIES			uspallata		Abrocoma	Abrocomidae	Rodentia	J. Mammal. vol.83 p.9			Known only from the type locality.		Karyotype has 2n=66.	Uspallata Chinchilla Rat
13400402	Abrocoma vaccarum	Thomas 1921	SPECIES			vaccarum		Abrocoma	Abrocomidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.8 p.217			Known only from the type locality (Braun and Mares, 2002), although Thomas (1921e) and Cabrera (1961) extended the distribution to NW Mendoza Prov. and SW San Juan Prov., respectively.		Ellerman (1940) considered vaccarum a subspecies of cinerea but Braun and Mares (2002) recognized it as distinct.	Mendozan Chinchilla Rat
13400403	Cuscomys	Emmons 1999	GENUS					Cuscomys	Abrocomidae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.3279 p.2	Abrocoma oblativa Eaton, 1916.					
13800301	Pteropus hypomelanus subsp. lepidus	Miller 1900	SUBSPECIES		lepidus	hypomelanus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						subnigerspecies group.	
13500142	Lepus capensis subsp. carpi	Lundholm 1955	SUBSPECIES		carpi	capensis		Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha						Part of a group of subspecies from South Africa.	
13400406	Echimyidae	Gray 1825	FAMILY						Echimyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Philos., n.s. vol.10 p.341		Echinomyidae Ameghino, 1889; Loncheridae Burmeister, 1850.			This group is complex, and although several important revisions have occurred (Emmons and Vucetich, 1998; Emmons et al., 2002; Laura and Patton, 2000; Patton and Emmons, 1985), additional revisions are needed. The family includes the most primitive fossil New World hystricognaths from the Early Oligocene of Patagonia. Reig (1986) noted that some living taxa in this family with brachyodont and pentalophodont molars (Mesomys and Lonchothrix) are of the type expected in the ancestral New World Hystricognathi. The family is also the most diverse of all Hystricognathi. Patterson and Wood (1982) included Chaetomys in the Echimyidae (subfamily Chaetomyinae) based on retention of deciduous premolars but see Martin (1994b) for a persuasive argument for returning this taxon to the Erethizontidae. Molecular data (Lara et al., 1996; Leite and Patton, 2002) suggest that the remaining living subfamilies (Dactylomyinae, Echimyidae, Eumysopinae) cannot be defined by monophy... [truncated]	
13400407	Dactylomyinae	Tate 1935	SUBFAMILY						Echimyidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Nat. Hist. vol.68 p.295					Reig (1986) questioned placement of this subfamily in Echimyidae, and raised the possibility that dactylomyines are capromyids. Woods (1993) suggested that if West Indian spiny rats were placed in Capromyidae (see Woods, 1982) then dactylomyines might be too, but left the West Indian forms in their own subfamily, Heteropsomyinae, of the Echimyidae (see comments under Heterodsomyinae). Molecular data clearly place dactylomyine genera (Dactylomys and Kannabateomys) within echimyids (Lara et al., 1996; Leite and Patton, 2002) and to the exclusion of Capromys (Leite and Patton, 2002).	
13400408	Dactylomys	I. Geoffroy 1838	GENUS					Dactylomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. (Paris), ser. 2 vol.10 p.126	Dactylomys typus I. Geoffroy, 1838 (=Echimys dactylinus Desmarest, 1817).	Lachnomys  Thomas, 1916 [see Cabrera, 1961:543].				
13400409	Dactylomys boliviensis	Anthony 1920	SPECIES			boliviensis		Dactylomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	J. Mammal. vol.1 p.82			C Bolivia, SE Peru, SW Brazil (Acre).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Emmons and Feer (1990) recognized only a single species, dactylinus, in the lowland Amazon basin, however, da Silva and Patton (1993) demonstrated the presence of two divergent forms of Dactylomys and Patton et al. (2000) provided morphological diagnoses and map ranges for boliviensis and dactylinus. Anderson (1997) recognized boliviensis as the only species of Dactylomys occurring in Bolivia.	Bolivian Bamboo Rat
13400410	Dactylomys dactylinus	Desmarest 1817	SPECIES			dactylinus		Dactylomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Nouv. Dict. Hist., Nouv. ed. vol.10 p.57		typus  I. Geoffroy, 1838; canescens Thomas, 1912; modestus Lönnberg, 1921.	N Brazil from near the mouth of the Amazon west to the base of the Andes in N Peru, Ecuador, and SW Colombia and south to N Bolivia; see Patton et al. (2000) for details.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Locally common.	The genetic (da Silva and Patton, 1993) and morphological (Patton et al., 2000) divergence clearly support the recognition of dactylinus.	Amazon Bamboo Rat
13400411	Dactylomys dactylinus subsp. dactylinus	Desmarest 1817	SUBSPECIES		dactylinus	dactylinus		Dactylomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Nouv. Dict. Hist., Nouv. ed. vol.10 p.57						
13400412	Dactylomys dactylinus subsp. canescens	Thomas 1912	SUBSPECIES		canescens	dactylinus		Dactylomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia							
13400413	Dactylomys dactylinus subsp. modestus	Lönnberg 1921	SUBSPECIES		modestus	dactylinus		Dactylomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia							
13400414	Dactylomys peruanus	J. A. Allen 1900	SPECIES			peruanus		Dactylomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.13 p.220			Cloud forest of SE Peru.	IUCN  Data Deficient. Unknown.	Emmon and Feer (1997) indicated that this taxon occurs at 1,000 to 3,000 m in SE Peru and Bolivia, but see Anderson (1997), who recorded no specimens from Bolivia.	Montane Bamboo Rat
13400415	Kannabateomys	Jentink 1891	GENUS					Kannabateomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Notes Leyden Mus. vol.13 p.109	Dactylomys amblyonyx Wagner, 1845.	Cannabateomys  Lydekker, 1892.				
13400416	Kannabateomys amblyonyx	Wagner 1845	SPECIES			amblyonyx		Kannabateomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Arch. Naturgesch. vol.1 p.146		pallidior  Thomas, 1903.	E Brazil, Paraguay, NE Argentina; lives in bamboo thickets.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Locally common.		Atlantic Bamboo Rat
13400417	Kannabateomys amblyonyx subsp. amblyonyx	Wagner 1845	SUBSPECIES		amblyonyx	amblyonyx		Kannabateomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Arch. Naturgesch. vol.1 p.146						
13400418	Kannabateomys amblyonyx subsp. pallidior	Thomas 1903	SUBSPECIES		pallidior	amblyonyx		Kannabateomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia							
13400419	Olallamys	Emmons 1988	GENUS					Olallamys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	J. Mammal. vol.69 2 p.241	Thrinacodus albicauda Günther, 1879.				Emmons (1988) indicated that Thrinacodus Günther, 1879, the original generic name, is preoccupied by Thrinacodus St. John and Worthen, 1875 (a shark).	
13400420	Olallamys albicauda	Günther 1879	SPECIES			albicauda		Olallamys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1879 p.144		apolinari  (J.A. Allen, 1914).	NW and C Colombia, west of the Cordillera Central; occurs up to 3,000 m, often in dense bamboo thickets (Eisenberg, 1989).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).		White-tailed Olalla Rat
13400422	Echimyinae	Gray 1825	SUBFAMILY						Echimyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Philos., n.s. vol.10 p.341		Loncherinae Thomas, 1896.			Recent revisions by Emmons (1993a), Emmons and Vucetich (1998), and Emmons et al. (2002) clarified the taxonomy and systematics of this subfamily. Molecular data (Leite and Patton, 2002) do not support the monopyly of this subfamily. L. Emmons (pers. comm.) is completing a further revision.	
13400423	Callistomys	Emmons and Vucetich 1998	GENUS					Callistomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.3223 p.3	Nelomys pictus Pictet, 1843.				Fossil mandible tentatively identified by Winge (1888) as Lasiuromys villosus placed in Callistomys by Emmons and Vucetich (1998).	
13400424	Callistomys pictus	Pictet 1841	SPECIES			pictus		Callistomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Notice Anim. Nouv. Mus. Geneve p.29			Known only from the vicinity of Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil.	IUCN  Data Deficient as Echimys pictus.	Previously included in the genus Isothrix (Cabrera, 1961; Ellerman, 1940; Patton and Emmons, 1985; Waterhouse, 1848), Nelomys (Goldman, 1916; Pictet, 1843; Thomas, 1916e, f), or Echimys (Moojen, 1952; Tate, 1935), but placed in a new genus, Callistomys, by Emmons and Vucetich (1998).	Painted Tree-rat
13400425	Diplomys	Thomas 1916	GENUS					Diplomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.18 p.240	Loncheres caniceps Günther, 1877.				The genus is under review by L. Emmons (pers. comm.), and generic assignment of the species listed is likely to change.	
13400426	Diplomys caniceps	Günther 1876 "1877"	SPECIES			caniceps		Diplomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1876 p.745			W Colombia, NW Ecuador.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	See description in Emmons and Feer (1990:222).	Colombian Soft-furred Spiny-rat
13400429	Echimys	G. Cuvier 1809	GENUS					Echimys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Bull Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris vol.24 p.394	Myoxus chrysurus Zimmermann, 1780.	Echinomys  Wagner, 1840; Loncheres Illiger, 1811; Nelomys Jourdan, 1837.			Formerly included pictus by some authors (e.g., Pictet, 1843; Goldman, 1916; Thomas, 1916e, f; Tate, 1935; Moojen, 1952), now in genus Callistomys (see account above); armatus, grandis, macrurus, and rhipidurus, which are now placed in the genus Makalata (see that account); and blainvillei, braziliensis, dasythrix, lamarum, nigrispinus, thomasi, and unicolor, which are now placed in the genus Phyllomys (see that account and Emmons et al., 2002). The genus is under review by L. Emmons (pers. comm.), and generic assignment of the species listed is likely to change.	
13400430	Echimys chrysurus	Zimmermann 1780	SPECIES			chrysurus		Echimys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Geogr. Gesch. Mensch. Vierf. Theire vol.2 p.352		cristatus  Desmarest, 1817; paleaceus (Lichtenstein, 1820).	Guianas to lower Amazonian NE Brazil.	IUCN  Vulnerable.		White-faced Spiny Tree-rat
13400431	Echimys saturnus	Thomas 1928	SPECIES			saturnus		Echimys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 10 vol.2 p.409			Ecuador and N Peru, east of the Andes to at least 1,000 m.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Rare.		Dark Spiny Tree-rat
13400432	Echimys semivillosus	I. Geoffroy 1838	SPECIES			semivillosus		Echimys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. (Paris), ser. 2 vol.10 p.125		carrikeri  (J. A. Allen, 1911); flavidus (Hollister, 1914); punctatus (Thomas, 1899).	N Colombia, Venezuela, Margarita Isl.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Locally common.	See Cabrera (1961:542-543). Taxonomy being revised (Emmons, In Press).	Speckled Spiny Tree-rat
13400433	Isothrix	Wagner 1845	GENUS					Isothrix	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Arch. Naturgesch. vol.1 p.145	Isothrix bistriata Wagner, 1845 (selected by Goldman, 1916).	Lasiuromys  Deville, 1852.			Formerly included pictus (Cabrera, 1961; Patton and Emmons, 1985), which Emmons and Vucetich (1998) placed in a new genus, Callistomys (see that account).	
13400434	Isothrix bistriata	Wagner 1845	SPECIES			bistriata		Isothrix	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Arch. Naturgesch. vol.1 p.146		boliviensis  Petter and Cuenca Aguirre, 1982; molliae Thomas, 1924; villosus (Deville, 1852); orinoci Thomas, 1899.	E Bolivia and E Peru, SW to NC Brazil, S Venezuela, adjacent Colombia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Patton and Emmons (1985) recognized 2 subspecies (bistriata and orinoci) and synonymized villosus in I. b. bistriata. Listed as bistriatus by Corbet and Hill (1991:206). The sequence analyses of da Silva and Patton (1993) and Patton et al. (2000) identified two geographic and taxonomic forms within bistriata. Bonvicino et al. (2003a) recognized these two forms as distinct species, bistriata and negrensis. The karyotype has 2n=60, FN=116-118 (Leal-Mesquita, 1991; Patton et al., 2000).	Yellow-crowned Brush-tailed Rat
13400435	Isothrix bistriata subsp. bistriata	Wagner 1845	SUBSPECIES		bistriata	bistriata		Isothrix	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Arch. Naturgesch. vol.1 p.146						
13400437	Isothrix negrensis	Thomas 1920	SPECIES			negrensis		Isothrix	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.6 p.277			NC Brazil along the Rio Negro and Rio Solimoes.		Included in bistriata until recognized as distinct species based on sequence, chromosomal, and morphological differentiation (Bonvicino et al., 2003a). Karyotype has 2n=60, FN=112 (Bonvicino et al., 2003a).	Rio Negro Brush-tailed Rat
13400438	Isothrix pagurus	Wagner 1845	SPECIES			pagurus		Isothrix	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Arch. Naturgesch. vol.1 p.146			Amazon Basin of Central Brazil from Rio Madeira east to Rio Tapajoz and north to lower Rio Negro.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Karyotype has 2n=22 and FN=38 (Patton and Emmons, 1985).	Plain Brush-tailed Rat
13400439	Isothrix sinnamariensis	Vie et al. 1996	SPECIES			sinnamariensis		Isothrix	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Mammalia vol.60 p.395			Known only from the vicinity of the type locality.	IUCN  Data Deficient.	Karyotype has 2n=28 and FN=42.	Sinnamary Brush-tailed Rat
13400440	Makalata	Husson 1978	GENUS					Makalata	Echimyidae	Rodentia	The Mammals of Suriname p.445	Nelomys armatus (I. Geoffroy 1838) (= Echimys didelphoides Desmarest, 1817).				Not recognized as a separate genus by Eisenberg (1989) or Corbet and Hill (1991).	
13400441	Makalata didelphoides	Desmarest 1817	SPECIES			didelphoides		Makalata	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Nouv. Dict. Nat., Nouv. ed. vol.10 p.58		armatus (I. Geoffroy, 1838); castaneus (Allen and Chapman, 1893); guianae (Thomas, 1888); hispidus (Lichtenstein, 1830); longirostris (Anthony, 1921).	Andes of N Ecuador and Colombia, Venezuela, Guyanas, Amazon Basin of Brazil, Trinidad and Tobago; perhaps Martinique (record probably erroneous, see Hall, 1981:1180).	IUCN  Data Deficient as Mesomys didelphoides, Lower Risk (lc) as Makalata armatus.	Emmons (1993a) concluded that the holotype for Echimys didelphoides was a young Makalata armata and therefore E. didelphoides Desmarest 1817 antedates Nelomys armatus I. Geoffroy (1838). Karyotype has 2n=66 and FN=110 (Lima et al., 1998). Sequence data suggest more than one species present in didelphoides (da Silva and Patton, 1993; Patton et al., 2000).	Red-nosed Armored Tree-rat
13400471	Lonchothrix emiliae	Thomas 1920	SPECIES			emiliae		Lonchothrix	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.6 p.113			C Brazil, south of the Amazon River in area of Río Tapajoz and Río Madeira.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Locally common.		Tuft-tailed Spiny Tree Rat
13400442	Makalata grandis	Wagner 1845	SPECIES			grandis		Makalata	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Arch. Naturgesch. vol.1 p.145			Amazonian Brazil along the banks of the Amazon River from Río Negro to Ilha Caviana.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Echimys grandis.	Formerly included rhipidurus as a valid subspecies (Cabrera, 1961), which was given specific status by Emmons and Feer (1990).	Giant Armored Tree-rat
13400443	Makalata macrura	Wagner 1842	SPECIES			macrura		Makalata	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Arch. Naturgesch. vol.1 p.360			C Brazil west to N Peru and E Ecuador (see Patton et al., 2000).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Echimys macrurus.	Considered a large form of Makalata didelphoides by Emmons and Feer (1997) that might represent a distinct species, a hypothesis now supported by morphological and molecular evidence (Patton et al., 2000).	Long-tailed Armored Tree-rat
13400444	Makalata obscura	Wagner 1840	SPECIES			obscura		Makalata	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Abh. Akad. Wiss. Munich vol.3 p.196			Brazil.	IUCN  Data Deficient as Mesomys obscurus.	Known only from the original description. Tate (1935) placed it first in the genus Mesomys (p. 413) and then in the genus Echimys (p. 432). Cabrera (1960) followed Tates first allocation and retained it in Mesomys with reservation, a placement followed by subsequent authors (Corbet and Hill, 1991; Woods, 1993). Emmons (1993a) suggested that the original illustrations precluded identity with Mesomys and Emmons (In Press) placed it in the genus Makalata.	Dark Armored Tree Rat
13700753	Dymecodon pilirostris	True 1886	SPECIES			pilirostris		Dymecodon	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. vol.9 p.97		dewanus  Kishida, 1950.	Montane forests of Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu (Japan).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Urotricus pilirostris.	Often included in Urotrichus; see under genus.	Trues Shrew Mole
13400445	Makalata occasius	Thomas 1921	SPECIES			occasius		Makalata	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.7 p.450			Ecuador and Peru east of the Andes.	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Recognized as a distinct species by Emmons and Feer (1990:217) and placed in the genus Makalata by Emmons and Feer (1997:236). Distinction further documented by Emmons (In Press), who placed this taxon in a new genus.	Bare-tailed Armored Tree-rat
13400446	Makalata rhipidura	Thomas 1928	SPECIES			rhipidura		Makalata	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 10 vol.2 p.291			C and N Amazonian Peru.	IUCN  Data Deficient as Echimys rhipidurus.	Elevated to species by Emmons and Feer (1990:216) and placed in the genus Makalata by Emmons and Feer (1997:239).	Peruvian Armored Tree-rat
13400447	Phyllomys	Lund 1839	GENUS					Phyllomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Sci. Nat. (Zool.), Paris, sér. 2 vol.11 p.225	Nelomys blainvilii Jordan, 1837.	Loncheres  Lichtenstein, 1820.			Species of the Brazilian laminated-toothed echimyid rodents have historically been grouped with the nonlaminate-toothed arboreal echimyids under the generic name Echimys (Tate, 1935; Cabrera, 1961; Woods, 1993). These laminated-toothed forms were segregated as Nelomys by Thomas (1916a, b) and by Emmons and Feer (1990; 1997) and as Phyllomys by Moojen (1952) and Emmons et al. (2002). Emmons et al. (2002) consider Nelomys a junior synonym of Echimys and document that Phyllomys is the next available generic name. Revised by Leite (2003), who described two new species.	
13400448	Phyllomys blainvillii	Jordan 1837	SPECIES			blainvillii		Phyllomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances de LAcademie des Sciences vol.15 p.522			NE Brazil, S Ceara to N Minas Gerais.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt) as Echimys blainvilei (sic). Most abundant species of Phyllomys in museum collections.	Name incorrectly spelled as blainvillei by Wagner (1840). Karyotype has 2n=50 and FN=94 (Leite, 2003).	Golden Atlantic Tree-rat
13800893	Megaderma spasma subsp. siumatis	Lyon 1916	SUBSPECIES		siumatis	spasma	Megaderma	Megaderma	Megadermatidae	Chiroptera							
13400449	Phyllomys brasiliensis	Lund 1840	SPECIES			brasiliensis		Phyllomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Sci. Nat. (Zool.), Paris, sér. 2 vol.12 p.208		armatus Winge, 1887.	Valleys of the Paraopeba and das Velhas Rivers in Minas Gerais state (S Brazil).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Echimys brasiliensis.	Cabrera (1961:540) considered Phyllomys brasiliensis a nomen nudum; but see Emmons et al. (2002).	Orange-brown Atlantic Tree-rat
13400450	Phyllomys dasythrix	Hensel 1872	SPECIES			dasythrix		Phyllomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Abh. Konigl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin p.49			S Parana to Rio Grande do Sul, usually below 800 m (S Brazil).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Echimys dasythrix.	Karyotype has 2n=72 (Leite, 2003).	Drab Atlantic Tree-rat
13400451	Phyllomys kerri	Moojen 1950	SPECIES			kerri		Phyllomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Rev. Brasil. Biol. vol.10 p.489			Known only from Ubatuba, on N coast of São Paulo.			Kerrs Atlantic Tree-rat
13400452	Phyllomys lamarum	Thomas 1916	SPECIES			lamarum		Phyllomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.18 p.297			E Brazil, Paraiba to Minas Gerais.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Echimys lamarum.		Pallid Atlantic Tree-rat
13400453	Phyllomys lundi	Leite 2003	SPECIES			lundi		Phyllomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Publ. Zool., Univ. Cal. Press vol.132 p.19			Known only from two localities 200 km apart in southern Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro (Brazil).		One of the smallest species in the genus; possibly related to P. nigrispinus.	Lunds Atlantic Tree-rat
13400454	Phyllomys mantiqueirensis	Leite 2003	SPECIES			mantiqueirensis		Phyllomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Publ. Zool., Univ. Cal. Press vol.132 p.25			Brazil.			Mantiqueira Atlantic Tree-rat
13400455	Phyllomys medius	Thomas 1909	SPECIES			medius		Phyllomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.4 p.239			Mainly along the coast in the states of Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro to Rio Grande do Sul, extends west into Araucaria forest in Paraná (S Brazil).		Cabrera (1961) considered medius a subspecies of blainvillii but Emmons et al. (2002) and Leite (2003) documented species status. Karyotype has 2n=96 (Leite, 2003).	Long-furred Atlantic Tree-rat
13400456	Phyllomys nigrispinus	Wagner 1842	SPECIES			nigrispinus		Phyllomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Arch. Naturgesch. vol.1 p.361			SE Brazil, from the state of Rio de Janeiro to Paraná, mainly along the coastal zone, but extending inland to W São Paulo to at least 850 m.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Echimys nigrispinus.	Karyotype has 2n=52 (Leite, 2003).	Blacked-spined Atlantic Tree-rat
13400457	Phyllomys pattoni	Emmons, Leite, Kock, and Costa 2002	SPECIES			pattoni		Phyllomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Amer. Mus. Novit. vol.3380 p.30			E Brazil from the state of Paraibo to NE São Paulo, chiefly along the coast but occurring inland to 1000 m in rainforest.		Karyotype has 2n=72 or 80; FN=112 or 114.	Rusty-sided Atlantic Tree-rat
14100017	Equus caballus subsp. ferus	Boddaert 1785	SUBSPECIES		ferus	caballus		Equus	Equidae	Perissodactyla							
13400458	Phyllomys thomasi	Ihering 1871	SPECIES			thomasi		Phyllomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Rev. Mus. Paulista vol.2 p.171			Endemic to the Isla de São Sabastião (Brazil).	IUCN  Vulnerable as Echimys thomasi.		Giant Atlantic Tree-rat
13400459	Phyllomys unicolor	Wagner 1842	SPECIES			unicolor		Phyllomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Arch. Naturgesch. vol.1 p.361			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Echimys unicolor.	According to Cabrera (1961:543), Thomas believed that unicolor was a synonym of brasiliensis. Emmons et al. (2002) suggested that the affinities of unicolor may be with medius, with which it shares many features.	Short-furred Atlantic Tree-rat
13400460	Eumysopinae	Rusconi 1935	SUBFAMILY						Echimyidae	Rodentia	Bol. Paleont. Buenos Aires vol.5 p.2					Proposed as a subfamily by Patton and Reig (1989:76). This subfamily includes the Oligocene fossil forms, and the most primitive living genera of South American echimyids. Included in the Heteropsomyinae by McKenna and Bell (1997). Molecular data (Leite and Patton, 2002) suggest that the genera Clyomys and Euryzygomatomys are allied with the myocastorids and capromyids and that this subfamily is not a monophyletic unit.	
13400461	Carterodon	Waterhouse 1848	GENUS					Carterodon	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Nat. Hist. Mamm. vol.2 p.351	Echimys sulcidens Lund, 1841.					
13400462	Carterodon sulcidens	Lund 1841	SPECIES			sulcidens		Carterodon	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Afh. Kongl. Danske Vid. Selsk. p.49		temmincki  (Lund, 1842).	E Brazil.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).		Owls Spiny Rat
13400465	Clyomys laticeps	Thomas 1909	SPECIES			laticeps		Clyomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.4 p.240		spinosus  (Winge, 1887).	Between Minas Gerais and Santa Catarina (E Brazil) in savanna habitats.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Common.	Highly fossorial and colonial. Karyotype has 2n=34 and FN=64 (Yonenaga, 1975).	Broad-headed Spiny Rat
13400466	Euryzygomatomys	Goeldi 1901	GENUS					Euryzygomatomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Bol. Mus. Para. vol.3 p.179	Rattus spinosus G. Fischer, 1814.				Reig (1986:409, footnote) noted that Clyomys might not be distinct from Euryzygomatomys.	
13400467	Euryzygomatomys spinosus	G. Fischer 1814	SPECIES			spinosus		Euryzygomatomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Zoognosia vol.3 p.105		brachyura  (Rengger, 1830); catellus Thomas, 1916; guiara (Brandt, 1835); rufa (Lichtenstein, 1820).	S and E Brazil, NE Argentina, Paraguay.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Use of the names derived from Fischer (1814) is provisional pending clarification of the availability of the work. Should Fischer (1814) become unavailable, the name would be rufa Lichtenstein, 1820 (Adhandl. Preuss. Akad, Wiss., 1818-1819 [1820], p. 192). Karyotype has 2n=46 and FN=88 (Yonenaga, 1975).	Guiara
13400468	Hoplomys	J. A. Allen 1908	GENUS					Hoplomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Bull Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.24 p.649	Hoplomys truei J. A. Allen, 1908 (= Echimys gymnurus Thomas, 1897).				Revised by Handley (1959a). Patton and Reig (1989:90) demonstrated that this genus is very close to Proechimys, and may be congeneric, a view supported by DNA sequence analyses (Lara et al., 1996).	
13400469	Hoplomys gymnurus	Thomas 1897	SPECIES			gymnurus		Hoplomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.20 p.550		goethalsi  Goldman, 1912; truei J. A. Allen, 1908.	EC Honduras to NW Ecuador.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Locally common.	Cabrera (1961) placed hoplomyoides Tate, 1939 as a subspecies of gymnurus, but this taxon has been consistently placed in the genus Proechimys by other authors (Handley, 1976; Patton, 1987; Tate, 1939).	Armored Rat
14000234	Panthera leo subsp. krugeri	Roberts 1929	SUBSPECIES		krugeri	leo		Panthera	Felidae	Carnivora							
13400472	Mesomys	Wagner 1845	GENUS					Mesomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Arch. Naturgesch. vol.1 p.145	Mesomys ecaudatus Wagner, 1845 (= Echimys hispidus Desmarest, 1817).				Revision of this genus is needed; see Husson (1978:440), Emmons and Feer (1997:234), Voss et al. (2001) and Orlando et al. (2003). Formerly included didelphoides and obscurus, both now placed in the genus Makalata (Emmons, 1993a).	
13700440	Soriculus nigrescens	Gray 1842	SPECIES			nigrescens		Soriculus	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.10 p.261		aterrimus  (Blyth, 1842) [nomen nudum]; caurinus Hinton, 1922; centralis Hinton, 1922; holosericeus (Gray, 1863) [nomen nudum]; oligurus (Gray, 1863) [nomen nudum]; pahari Hinton, 1922; sikimensis (Hodgson, 1849) [nomen nudum]; minor Dobson, 1890; radulus Thomas, 1922 (see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951).	Middle altitudes of the Himalaya from Tibet and Nepal to Bhutan, Assam (India) and SW China.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	The form radulus is distinctly smaller (Hoffmann, 1985b), however, Motokawa (2003a) has shown that minor antedates radulus and should be used as the valid name for the small form (or species) occurring in Bhutan and Assam. For synonyms see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951).	Himalayan Shrew
14100018	Equus caballus subsp. przewalskii	Poliakov 1881	SUBSPECIES		przewalskii	caballus		Equus	Equidae	Perissodactyla							
13400473	Mesomys hispidus	Desmarest 1817	SPECIES			hispidus		Mesomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Nouv. Dict. Nat., Nouv. ed. vol.10 p.58		ecaudatus  Wagner, 1845; ferrugineus (Günther, 1876); spicatus Thomas, 1924.	Amazon Basin of N Bolivia, Peru, E Ecuador, SE Colombia east through S Venezuela, the Guianas, and all of Brazil except east of the Rio Tapajos and south of the Amazon.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Type locality unknown, given as Amérique méridionale by Desmarest (1817), restricted to Borba, Rio Madeira, Brazil by Tate (1939). However, sequence data from holotype identified close affinities to material from French Guiana and, in consideration of the travel route of the original collector, support the correct placement of the type locality in the state of Amapá, Brazil (Orlando et al., 2003). More than a single species may be represented in this taxon, which demonstrates considerable variation in body size, cranial morphology, and molecular characters (Orlando et al., 2003; Patton et al., 2000; Voss et al., 2001). Includes ferrugineus and spicatus, although both have tasseled tails, a characteristic of the recently described occultus; neither have other morphological characteristics of occultus (Patton et al., 2000). Tentatively includes ecaudatus but see comments under occultus. Formerly included stimulax, see Husson (1978) and com... [truncated]	Ferreiras Spiny Tree-rat
13400474	Mesomys leniceps	Thomas 1926	SPECIES			leniceps		Mesomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.18 p.348		Recognized as a species by Emmons and Feer (1990) but not by Eisenberg and Redford (1999), who placed it within hispidus .	Higher elevations in Peru (over 2,000 m).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Woolly-headed Spiny Tree-rat
13400475	Mesomys occultus	Patton, da Silva, and Malcolm 2000	SPECIES			occultus		Mesomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat Hist. vol.244 p.194			Central Amazon of Brazil.		Although similar to and sympatric with hispidus the two can be differentiated by morphology, karyotype and cytochrome b sequences (Patton et al., 2000). It is not clear at this time whether ecaudatus should be included in hispidus or is a senior synonym of occultus. Karyotype has 2n=42 and FN=54.	Tufted-tailed Spiny Tree-rat
13400486	Proechimys guairae	Thomas 1901	SPECIES			guairae		Proechimys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.14 p.27		ochraceus  Osgood, 1912.	NC Venezuela, east of Lake Maracaibo and the Merida Andes.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Placed in trinitatus group by Patton (1987). Includes ochraceus; guairae and ochraceus were formerly included in guyannensis (Reig et al., 1980). Eisenberg (1989) included urichi within guairae. Karyotype is highly variable, 2n=44-52; FN=66-74 (Aguilera and Corti, 1994; Reig, 1989; Reig and Useche, 1976). Reig et al. (1980) mentioned a closely related, undescribed species ("Barinas") from south of the Merida Andes.	Guaira Spiny-rat
13400476	Mesomys stimulax	Thomas 1911	SPECIES			stimulax		Mesomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.7 p.607			Brazil, east of the Rio Tapajós and south of the Amazon.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Formerly included in hispidus by Cabrera (1961); considered a distinct species by Husson (1978). Material from south of the Amazon and east of the Rio Tapajós in Brazil is karyotypically identical (2n=60, FN=116) with hispidus (Patton et al., 2000) but genetically divergent (da Silva and Patton, 1993; Patton et al., 2000). Voss et al. (2001) examined the holotype and grouped it with "small-toothed" forms from Guiana and SE Amazonia. Small-toothed forms from NE South America, however, have affinities with hispidus, whereas stimulax appears to be restricted to areas east of the Rio Tapajós and south ofthe Amazon (Orlando et al., 2003; Patton et al., 2000).	Pará Spiny Tree Rat
13400477	Proechimys	J. A. Allen 1899	GENUS					Proechimys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.12 p.257	Echimys trinitatis J. A. Allen and Chapman, 1893.				Traditionally divided into 2 subgenera, Proechimys and Trinomys (Moojen, 1948; Thomas, 1921f; Woods, 1993) but Trinomys was elevated to a genus by Lara et al. (1996). Proechimys represents one of the most diverse groups of Neotropical rodents with 63 named forms. Reviewed, in part, by Reig et al. (1980), Gardner and Emmons (1984), and Patton (1987). May include Hoplomys (see Patton and Reig, 1989; Lara et al., 1996). The species-level taxonomy of the group is controversial, and in need of a major revision. Gardner and Emmons (1984) and Patton (1987) grouped taxa into species groups. Further revision of the genus is in progress by J. Patton (pers. comm.).	
13400478	Proechimys brevicauda	Gunther 1876 "1877"	SPECIES			brevicauda		Proechimys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1876 p.748		bolivianus  Thomas, 1901; elassopus Osgood, 1944; gularis Thomas, 1911; securus Thomas, 1902.	Western Amazonia from S Colombia, E Ecuador, E Peru, N Bolivia, and W Brazil.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as P. brevicauda, P. bolivianus, and P. gularis.	Listed as a subspecies of longicaudatus by Cabrera (1961:524) and as a member of the longicaudatus group by Patton (1987), but treated as a species by Patton et al. (2000). Karyotype has 2n=28-30 and FN=48-50 (Gardner and Emmons, 1984; Patton et al., 2000). Likely polytypic, as Gardner and Emmons (1984) suggested gularis is a separate species based on karyotypic grounds and Patton et al. (2000) suggested that elassopus is also distinct, based on morphological and molecular criteria. Anderson (1997) included bolivianus in brevicauda.	Short-tailed Spiny-rat
13400549	Brotomys	Miller 1916	GENUS					Brotomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Smithson. Misc. Coll. vol.6 12 p.6	Brotomys voratus Miller, 1916.					
13400479	Proechimys canicollis	J. A. Allen 1899	SPECIES			canicollis		Proechimys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.12 p.200			NC Colombia, NW Venezuela.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Placed in the monotypic canicollis group by Patton (1987). Karyotype has 2n=24 and FN=44 (Gardner and Emmons, 1984).	Colombian Spiny-rat
13400480	Proechimys chrysaeolus	Thomas 1898	SPECIES			chrysaeolus		Proechimys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7 vol.1 p.244			E Colombia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Included in the semispinosus group by Gardner and Emmons (1984) but placed in the trinitatus group by Patton (1987). Listed as a subspecies of guyannensis by Cabrera (1961).	Boyacá Spiny Rat
13400481	Proechimys cuvieri	Petter 1978	SPECIES			cuvieri		Proechimys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, ser. D vol.287 p.263			French Guiana, Surinam, Guyana, Brazil west along both sides of the Amazon River to N Peru.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Placed in the monotypic cuvieri group by Patton (1987). Considered closely related to guyannensis by Gardner and Emmons (1984), but see Voss et al. (2001) for review of morphological differentiation. Karyotype has 2n=28 and FN=46-48 (Maia and Langguth, 1993; Patton et al. 2000; Reig et al., 1979).	Cuviers Spiny-rat
13400482	Proechimys decumanus	Thomas 1899	SPECIES			decumanus		Proechimys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.4 p.282			NW Peru, SW Ecuador, Pacific lowlands.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Placed in brevicauda group by Gardner and Emmons (1984), but Patton (1987) recognized it as the sole representative of a decumanus group. Listed as a subspecies of guyannensis by Cabrera (1961), but as a species by Emmons and Feer (1990, 1997). Karyotype has 2n=30 and FN=54 (Gardner and Emmons, 1984).	Pacific Spiny-rat
13400483	Proechimys echinothrix	da Silva 1998	SPECIES			echinothrix		Proechimys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.111 p.441			W Brazilian Amazon and, possibly, SE Colombia (see Patton et al., 2000).		Karyotype has 2n=32 and FN=60.	Stiff-spine Spiny-rat
13400499	Proechimys oconnelli	J. A. Allen 1913	SPECIES			oconnelli		Proechimys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.32 24 p.479			C Colombia east of Cordillera Oriental.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Placed in the semispinosus group by Patton (1987). Karyotype has 2n=32 and FN=52 (Gardner and Emmons, 1984).	OConnells Spiny-rat
13400484	Proechimys gardneri	da Silva 1998	SPECIES			gardneri		Proechimys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.111 p.460			W Amazonia of Brazil and N Boliva between the Rio Juruá and the Rio Madeira.		Weksler et al. (2001) erroneously cited Patton (1987) as placing in guyannensis group; molecular analysis suggests affinities with pattoni and kulinae(Patton et al., 2000). Karyotype has 2n=40 and FN=56.	Gardners Spiny-rat
13400485	Proechimys goeldii	Thomas 1905	SPECIES			goeldii		Proechimys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.15 p.587		hyleae Moojen, 1948; leioprymna Moojen, 1948; nesiotes Moojen, 1948.	Amazonian Brazil between Jamunda and Tapajoz Rivers, W Brazil.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Placed in the goeldii group by Patton (1987); Patton et al. (2000) included hyleae, leioprymna, and nesiotes. Karyotype has 2n=24 and FN=42 (Patton et al., 2000).	Goeldis Spiny-rat
13800302	Pteropus hypomelanus subsp. luteus	K. Andersen 1908	SUBSPECIES		luteus	hypomelanus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						subnigerspecies group.	
13400487	Proechimys guyannensis	E. Geoffroy 1803	SPECIES			guyannensis		Proechimys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Cat. Mamm. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. p.194		cayennensis  Desmarest, 1817; warreni Thomas, 1905; arabupu Moojen, 1948; arescens Osgood, 1944; cherriei Thomas, 1899; riparum Moojen, 1948; vacillator Thomas 1903.	SC Venezuela, the Guianas, southward to C Brazil.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as P. warreni.	Hershkovitz (1948a) resurrected guyannensis E. Geoffroy, 1803 for this species as this name antedates cayennensis. Patton (1987) included cherriei, roberti, vacillator, oris, warreni, boimensis, arescens, riparum, and arabupu, but suggested that taxa from south of the Amazon were likely a different species from those to the north. Weksler et al. (2001) confirmed this opinion on morphological, karyotypic, and molecular grounds, and showed that P. roberti was the best name to apply to that species south of the Amazon. Hussons (1978) recognition of warreni as a species separate from guyannensis was based on his mistaken application of the latter name to the species P. cuvieri (see Voss et al., 2001). However, it remains likely that more than a single species is included in the geographically restricted view of guyannensis presented here. Karyotype has 2n=40 and FN=54 (Re... [truncated]	Guyenne Spiny-rat
13400488	Proechimys guyannensis subsp. guyannensis	E. Geoffroy 1803	SUBSPECIES		guyannensis	guyannensis		Proechimys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Cat. Mamm. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. p.194						
13400489	Proechimys guyannensis subsp. arabupu	Moojen 1948	SUBSPECIES		arabupu	guyannensis		Proechimys	Echimyidae	Rodentia							
13400490	Proechimys guyannensis subsp. arescens	Osgood 1944	SUBSPECIES		arescens	guyannensis		Proechimys	Echimyidae	Rodentia							
13400491	Proechimys guyannensis subsp. cherriei	Thomas 1899	SUBSPECIES		cherriei	guyannensis		Proechimys	Echimyidae	Rodentia							
13400492	Proechimys guyannensis subsp. riparum	Moojen 1948	SUBSPECIES		riparum	guyannensis		Proechimys	Echimyidae	Rodentia							
13400493	Proechimys guyannensis subsp. vacillator	Thomas 1903	SUBSPECIES		vacillator	guyannensis		Proechimys	Echimyidae	Rodentia							
13400494	Proechimys hoplomyoides	Tate 1939	SPECIES			hoplomyoides		Proechimys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.76 p.179			SE Venezuela, adjacent Guyana and Brazil.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Erroneously considered a subspecies of Hoplomys gymnurus by Cabrera (1961). Placed in the trinitatus group by Patton (1987).	Guyanan Spiny-rat
13400495	Proechimys kulinae	da Silva 1998	SPECIES			kulinae		Proechimys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.111 p.451			W Brazil north of the Rio Juruá to NE Peru, Dept. Loreto.		Molecular analysis suggests affinities with pattoni and gardneri (da Silva, 1995; Patton et al., 2000). Karyotype has 2n=34 and FN=52.	Kulina Spiny-rat
13400496	Proechimys longicaudatus	Rengger 1830	SPECIES			longicaudatus		Proechimys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Naturgesch. Säugeth Paraguay p.236		leucomystax  Ribeiro, 1914; ribeiroi Moojen, 1948; villacauda Moojen, 1948.	S Bolivia, N Paraguay, C Brazil.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Placed in longicaudatus group by Patton (1987). Formerly included brevicauda and roberti (Moojen, 1948). Includes ribeiroi and villacauda (J. Patton in litt.). Karyotype has 2n=28 and FN=48 (Leal-Mesquita, 1991).	Long-tailed Spiny-rat
13400497	Proechimys magdalenae	Hershkovitz 1948	SPECIES			magdalenae		Proechimys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus. vol.97 p.136			Colombia west of the Río Magdalena.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Combined with guyannensis (Cabrera, 1961:521), but recognized as a distinct species by Emmons and Feer (1990:274). Included in the brevicauda group by Gardner and Emmons (1984) but placed in the trinitatus group by Patton (1987).	Magdalena Spiny Rat
13400498	Proechimys mincae	J. A. Allen 1899	SPECIES			mincae		Proechimys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.12 p.198			N Colombia below 500 m in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Placed in the trinitatis group (Patton, 1987). Karyotype has 2n=48 and FN=68 (Gardner and Emmons, 1984).	Minca Spiny Rat
13400500	Proechimys pattoni	da Silva 1998	SPECIES			pattoni		Proechimys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.111 p.454			SE Peru, W Amazonia in headwaters of Rio Juruá (Brazil).		Weksler et al. (2001) erroneously cited Patton (1987) as placing in guyannensis group. Molecular analysis suggests affinities with gardneri and kulinae (Patton et al., 2000). Karyotype has 2n=40 and FN=56.	Pattons Spiny-rat
13400530	Trinomys dimidiatus	Günther 1876 "1877"	SPECIES			dimidiatus		Trinomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1876 p.747			E Brazil including the states of Rio de Janeiro and Distrito Federal.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Proechimys dimidiatus.	Reviewed by Pessôa and Reis (1993). Lara and Patton (2000) concluded that dimidiatus was the sister taxon of iheringi. Karyotype has 2n=56 (Pessôa and Reis, 1993).	Soft-spined Atlantic Spiny-rat
13400501	Proechimys poliopus	Osgood 1914	SPECIES			poliopus		Proechimys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser. vol.10 p.135			NW Venezuela, between Lake Maracaibo and the Sierra de Perija and adjacent Colombia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Placed in trinitatus group (Patton, 1987). Formerly included in guyannensis; see Reig et al. (1980). Karyotype has 2n=42 and FN=72-76 (Aguilera and Corti, 1994; Reig and Useche, 1976).	Gray-footed Spiny-rat
13400502	Proechimys quadruplicatus	Hershkovitz 1948	SPECIES			quadruplicatus		Proechimys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus. vol.97 p.138		amphichoricus  Moojen, 1948.	N Peru, E Ecuador and SE Colombia east across S Venezuela and adjacent Brazil to the vicinity of Manaus, west of Rio Negro.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as P. quadruplicatus and P. amphichoricus.	Placed in goeldii group by Patton (1987); Patton et al. (2000) included amphichoricus. Karyotype has 2n=26-28 and FN=42-44 (Gardner and Emmons, 1984; Patton et al., 2000).	Napo Spiny-rat
13400503	Proechimys roberti	Thomas 1901	SPECIES			roberti		Proechimys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.14 p.531		arescens  Osgood, 1944;boimensis Allen, 1916; oris Thomas, 1904.	Cerrado of C Brazil and E Amazon.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as P. oris.	Thomas (1901) considered roberti a close relative of longicaudatus and some subsequent reports have treated it as a subspecies of longicaudatus (Cabrera, 1961; Moojen, 1948; Woods, 1993). Thomas (1904b) suggested affinities with guyannensis and Ellerman (1940) listed as a subspecies of guyannensis. Patton (1987) assigned it to the guyannensis group. Considered a distinct species based on morphometrics (Pessôa et al., 1990) and molecular data (Weksler et al., 2001). Eisenberg and Redford (1999) suggested that oris is probably a synonym for roberti, supported by Weksler et al. (2001). Karyotype has 2n=30 and FN=54-56 (Gardner and Emmons, 1984; Weksler et al., 2001).	Robertos Spiny-rat
13400550	Brotomys contractus	Miller 1929	SPECIES			contractus		Brotomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Smithson Misc. Coll. vol.81 9 p.13			Hispaniola.	Extinct.		Haitian Edible Rat
13100001	ANOMALUROMORPHA	Bugge 1974	SUBORDER							Rodentia							
13400504	Proechimys semispinosus	Tomes 1860	SPECIES			semispinosus		Proechimys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1860 p.265		burrus  Bang, 1901; calidior Thomas, 1911; centralis (Thomas, 1896); colombianus Thomas, 1914; gorgonae Bang, 1905; goldmani Bole, 1937; ignotus Kellogg, 1946; panamensis Thomas, 1900; chiriquinus Thomas, 1900; rosa Thomas, 1900; rubellus Hollister, 1914.	SE Honduras to SW Ecuador.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt) as P. gorgonae, Lower Risk (lc) as P. semispinosus.	Placed in semispinosus group (Patton, 1987). Formerly included in amphichoricus; see Reig et al. (1980) who used the name centralis for animals assigned to semispinosus from N Venezuela. Gardner (1983b) discussed the taxonomic history of this species and corrected the type locality. Karyotype has 2n=30 and FN=50-54 (Gardner and Emmons, 1984; Patton and Gardner, 1972). Includes gorgonae based on lack of karyotypic difference between populations on Gorgonae Isl and mainland of Colombia (Gómez-Laverde et al., 1990).	Tomes Spiny-rat
13400505	Proechimys semispinosus subsp. semispinosus	Tomes 1860	SUBSPECIES		semispinosus	semispinosus		Proechimys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1860 p.265						
13400506	Proechimys semispinosus subsp. burrus	Bang 1901	SUBSPECIES		burrus	semispinosus		Proechimys	Echimyidae	Rodentia							
13400507	Proechimys semispinosus subsp. calidior	Thomas 1911	SUBSPECIES		calidior	semispinosus		Proechimys	Echimyidae	Rodentia							
13400508	Proechimys semispinosus subsp. centralis	Thomas 1896	SUBSPECIES		centralis	semispinosus		Proechimys	Echimyidae	Rodentia							
13400509	Proechimys semispinosus subsp. colombianus	Thomas 1914	SUBSPECIES		colombianus	semispinosus		Proechimys	Echimyidae	Rodentia							
13400510	Proechimys semispinosus subsp. goldmani	Bole 1937	SUBSPECIES		goldmani	semispinosus		Proechimys	Echimyidae	Rodentia							
13400511	Proechimys semispinosus subsp. ignotus	Kellogg 1946	SUBSPECIES		ignotus	semispinosus		Proechimys	Echimyidae	Rodentia							
13400515	Proechimys simonsi	Thomas 1900	SPECIES			simonsi		Proechimys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag.Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.6 p.300		hendeei  Thomas, 1926; nigrofulvus Osgood, 1944.	Western Amazon Basin from S Colombia to N Bolivia and W Brazil.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as P. simonsi and P. hendeei.	Placed in simonsi group by Patton (1987). Gardner and Emmons (1984) included hendeei; considered a separate species by Eisenberg and Redford (1999). Karyotype has 2n=32 and FN=58 (Gardner and Emmons, 1984; Patton and Gardner, 1972).	Simons Spiny-rat
13400544	Trinomys yonenagae	Rocha 1995	SPECIES			yonenagae		Trinomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Mammalia vol.59 4 p.541			Left bank of the São Francisco River from Bara to Pilão Arcado (NE Brazil).		Karyotype has 2n=54 and FN=108 (Leal-Mesquinta et al., 1992).	Yonenagas Atlantic Spiny-rat
13400516	Proechimys steerei	Goldman 1911	SPECIES			steerei		Proechimys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.24 p.238		hilda  Thomas, 1924; kermiti Allen, 1915; liminalis Moojen, 1948; pachita Thomas, 1904; rattinus Thomas, 1926.	C Peru and N Bolivia eastward into W Brazil.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Placed in goeldii group by Patton (1987). Listed as a subspecies of goeldii in Cabrera (1961:519), but as a distinct species by Anderson (1997) and Patton et al. (2000). Karyotype has 2n=24 and FN=40-42 (Gardner and Emmons, 1984; Patton et al., 2000). Patton et al. (2000) suggested synonyms listed above.	Steeres Spiny-rat
13400517	Proechimys trinitatus	J. A. Allen and Chapman 1893	SPECIES			trinitatus		Proechimys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.5 p.223			Trinidad.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Placed in trinitatus group by Patton (1987). Formerly included in guyannensis (Reig et al., 1980). Karyotype has 2n=62 and FN=80 (Aguilera and Corti, 1994).	Trinidad Spiny-rat
13400518	Proechimys urichi	J. A. Allen 1899	SPECIES			urichi		Proechimys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.12 p.199			N Venezuela.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Placed in trinitatus group by Patton (1987). Formerly included in guyannensis (Reig et al., 1980). Included within guairae by Eisenberg (1989). Karyotype has 2n=62 and FN=88 (Reig and Useche, 1976).	Sucre Spiny-rat
13400519	Thrichomys	Trouessart 1880	GENUS					Thrichomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Cat. Mamm. Bull. Soc. Etudes Sci. Angers vol.1881 p.179	Nelomys apereoides Lund, 1839.				Formerly referred to as Cercomys, which was based on Cercomys cunicularius, a composite (Petter, 1973b).	
13400551	Brotomys voratus	Miller 1916	SPECIES			voratus		Brotomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Smithson Misc. Coll. vol.66 12 p.7			Haiti, Dominican Republic, and La Gonave Isl.	IUCN  Extinct (within the last 60 years).		Hispaniolan Edible Rat
13400520	Thrichomys apereoides	Lund 1839	SPECIES			apereoides		Thrichomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Afh. K. Danske Vid. Selsk. p.38		antricola  (Lund, 1841); laurenteus (Thomas, 1904).	S and SE Brazil.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Common.	Formerly referred to as Cercomys cunicularius, a composite (Petter, 1973b; Mares et al., 1981a:120). Braggio and Bonvicino (2004) have recognized inermis and pachyurus as distinct species on the basis of karyotipic and sequence divergence. Even with the recognition of these two additional species, considerable geographic variation in karyotypes and sequence data remains among populations in Brazil. Specimens collected along the Tocantins and Paraná Rivers in the states of Tocantins and Goiás have a 2n=30 and a FN=56 (Bonvicino et al., 2002b), whereas specimens from the states of Bahia and Pernambuco (T. a. laurenteus) have a 2n=30 and FN=54 (Bonvicino et al., 2002; Leal-Mesquita et al., 1993; Souza and Yonenaga-Yassuda, 1982). Specimens collected from near the type locality (T. a. apereoides) have a 2n=28 and a FN=50, whereas specimens from Jaborandi have a 2n=28 and a FN=52 (Bonvicino et al., 2002). More than a single species may... [truncated]	Common Punaré
13400521	Thrichomys apereoides subsp. apereoides	Lund 1839	SUBSPECIES		apereoides	apereoides		Thrichomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Afh. K. Danske Vid. Selsk. p.38						
13400522	Thrichomys apereoides subsp. laurenteus	Thomas 1904	SUBSPECIES		laurenteus	apereoides		Thrichomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia							
13400523	Thrichomys inermis	Pictet 1941	SPECIES			inermis		Thrichomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Not. Anim. Nouv. Mus. Geneve vol.2 p.23			Highlands of Chapada Diamantia, Bahia, Brazil.		Included in apereoides by Moojen (1952) and Cabrera (1961) but recognized as a distinct species based on chromosomal differentiation (Bonvicino et al., 2002) and sequence divergence (Braggio and Bonvicino, 2004). Karyotype has 2n=26; FN=48 (Bonvicino et al., 2002; Leal-Mesquita et al., 1993).	Highlands Punaré
13400524	Thrichomys pachyurus	Wagner 1845	SPECIES			pachyurus		Thrichomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Archiv. Naturg. vol.1 p.146		crassicaudus  (Wagner, 1947); fosteri (Thomas, 1903).	Mato Grosso (S Brazil), Paraguay.		Originally described in the genus Isothrix by Wagner (1845) and included in Isothrix by Tate (1935) and Ellerman (1940). Included in Thrichomys apereoides by Cabrera (1961) but recognized as a distinct species based on chromosomal differentiation (Bonvicino et al., 2002) and sequence divergence (Braggio and Bonvicino, 2004). Karyotype has 2n=34; FN=64 (Bonvicino et al., 2002).	Paraguayan Punaré
13400525	Trinomys	Thomas 1921	GENUS					Trinomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.8 p.140	Echimys albispinus I. Geoffroy, 1838.				Considered a subgenus of Proechimys by Moojen (1948) and Woods (1993) but Lara et al. (1996) demonstrated that Trinomys is not the sister taxon of Proechimys based on mtDNA sequences and should be regarded as a separate genus. Revised by Lara and Patton (2000).	
13400526	Trinomys albispinus	I. Geoffroy 1838	SPECIES			albispinus		Trinomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. (Paris) vol.10 p.125		minor  (Reis and Pessôa, 1995); serotinus (Thomas 1921).	States of Sergipe, Bahía and Minas Gerais (NE and SE Brazil).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt) as Proechimys albispinus.	Reviewed by Pessôa and Reis (2002). Karyotype has 2n=60 and FN=116 (Leal-Mesquita et al., 1992). Divergent from other forms of Trinomys (Lara and Patton, 2000).	White-spined Atlantic Spiny-rat
13400527	Trinomys albispinus subsp. albispinus	I. Geoffroy 1838	SUBSPECIES		albispinus	albispinus		Trinomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. (Paris) vol.10 p.125						
13400528	Trinomys albispinus subsp. minor	Reis and Pessôa 1995	SUBSPECIES		minor	albispinus		Trinomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia							
13400529	Trinomys albispinus subsp. serotinus	Thomas 1921	SUBSPECIES		serotinus	albispinus		Trinomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia							
13400531	Trinomys eliasi	Pessôa and Reis 1993	SPECIES			eliasi		Trinomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Z. Säugetierk. vol.58 p.183			Known only from the type locality.		Although eliasi was described and recognized as a subspecies of iheringi (Possôa and Reis, 1993, 1994, 1996), Lara and Patton (2000) elevated it to a species based on analysis of sequence data. The sister taxon of eliasi is paratus and these two taxa are included in a clade with setosus and yonenagae (Lara and Patton, 2000). Karyotype has 2n=58 and FN=112 (Pessôa and Reis, 1996).	Elias Atlantic Spiny-rat
13400532	Trinomys gratiosus	Moojen 1948	SPECIES			gratiosus		Trinomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Univ. Kansas Publ., Nus Nat. Hist. vol.1 19 p.379		panema (Moojen, 1948); bonafidei (Moojen, 1948).	South bank of River Doce, Espírito Santo southward to Teresopolis, Rio de Janeiro (SE Brazil).		Recognized as a subspecies of iheringi by Moojen (1948) and Pessôa and Reis (1996). Lara and Patton (2000) elevated gratiosus to a species, retained bonafidei as a subspecies of gratiosus, and suggested that panema was not morphologically distinct from gratiosus. Karyotype has 2n=56 and FN=108 (Pessôa and Reis, 1996).	Gracile Atlantic Spiny-rat
13400533	Trinomys gratiosus subsp. gratiosus	Moojen 1948	SUBSPECIES		gratiosus	gratiosus		Trinomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Univ. Kansas Publ., Nus Nat. Hist. vol.1 19 p.379						
13400534	Trinomys gratiosus subsp. bonafidei	Moojen 1948	SUBSPECIES		bonafidei	gratiosus		Trinomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia							
13400535	Trinomys iheringi	Thomas 1911	SPECIES			iheringi		Trinomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.8 p.252			Mainland and offshore islands of the states of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro (E Brazil).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Proechimys iheringi.	Reviewed by Pessôa and Reis (1996), who recognized the six subspecies listed by Moojen (1948: bonafidei, denigratus, gratiosus, iheringi, panema, paratus) plus the newly described eliasi. Pessôa and Reis (1994) concluded that bonafidei, denigratus, eliasi, gratiosus, panema may be part of a taxon specifically distinct from iheringi. Lara and Patton (2000) concluded that bonafidei and gratiosus were not allied with iheringi and elevated gratiosus to a species and retained bonafidei as a subspecies of gratiosus. Lara and Patton (2000) also elevated eliasi and paratus to species and concluded that denigratus was a subspecies of setosus. The sister taxon of iheringi is dimidiatus (Lara and Patton, 2000). Karyotype has 2n=60-65 depending on the number of B chromosomes (Yonenaga-Yassuda et al., 1985).	Iherings Atlantic Spiny-rat
13400536	Trinomys mirapitanga	Lara, Patton, and Hingst-Zaher 2002	SPECIES			mirapitanga		Trinomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Mamm. Biol. vol.67 10 p.236			Known only from the type locality.		Listed as Trinomys sp. in Lara and Patton (2000) and placed as the basal member of a clade also containing dimitiatus and iheringi (see also Lara et al., 2002).	Dark-caped Atlantic Spiny-rat
13400537	Trinomys moojeni	Pessôa, Oliveira, and Reis 1992	SPECIES			moojeni		Trinomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Z. Säugetierk. vol.57 p.40			Known only from the type locality.		Molecular affinities of this species not yet examined.	Moojens Atlantic Spiny-rat
13400538	Trinomys myosuros	Lichtenstein 1820	SPECIES			myosuros		Trinomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Abh. Konig. Akad. Wiss., Berlin p.192		cinnamomeus  (Lichtenstein, 1830); leptosoma (Brants, 1827).	Bahia (Brazil).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Proechimys myosuros.	This taxon is only tentatively placed in Trinomys because the teeth remain undescribed. Thomas (1921a) synonymized it with setosus, whereas Moojen (1948) concluded that its affinities were with albispinus.	Mouse-tailed Atlantic Spiny-rat
13400539	Trinomys paratus	Moojen 1948	SPECIES			paratus		Trinomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Univ. Kansas Publ., Nus Nat. Hist. vol.1 19 p.382			Espírito Santo, from Capela de São Braz southward to Cariacia and Itapemirim (SE Brazil).		Recognized as a subspecies of iheringi by Moojen (1948) and Pessôa and Reis (1996) but elevated to a species based on sequence analysis by Lara and Patton (2000).	Spiked Atlantic Spiny-rat
13400540	Trinomys setosus	Desmarest 1817	SPECIES			setosus		Trinomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., Nouv. ed. vol.10 p.59		cayennensis  (Pictet, 1841); fuliginosus (Wagner, 1843); denigratus (Moojen, 1948); elegans (Lund, 1841).	E Brazil (states of Espírito Santo and Minas Gerais).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Proechimys setosus and P. cayennensis.	Although denigratus was described as a subspecies of iheringi (Moojen, 1948) and is often recognized as such (Possôa and Reis, 1994; 1996), Lara and Patton (2000) concluded from analysis of sequence data and morphology that it is one of three subspecies of setosus.	Hairy Atlantic Spiny-rat
13400541	Trinomys setosus subsp. setosus	Desmarest 1817	SUBSPECIES		setosus	setosus		Trinomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., Nouv. ed. vol.10 p.59						
13400542	Trinomys setosus subsp. denigratus	Moojen 1948	SUBSPECIES		denigratus	setosus		Trinomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia							
13400543	Trinomys setosus subsp. elegans	Lund 1841	SUBSPECIES		elegans	setosus		Trinomys	Echimyidae	Rodentia							
13400545	Heteropsomyinae	Anthony 1917	SUBFAMILY						Echimyidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.37 4 p.18					Named by Anthony to reflect perceived relationship between Heteropsomys and Dasyprocta. Expanded by Kraglievich (1965) and Patterson and Pascual (1968a) to include Proechimys and associated genera. Modified by Woods (1982:386) wherein West Indian spiny rats were classified with capromyids. McKenna and Bell (1997) included the genera of the Eumysopinae within the Heteropsomyinae. West Indian spiny rats are transitional in characters between Echimyidae and Capromyidae, and here are placed in their own subfamily within the Echimyidae until the two families are revised. Molecular data (Leite and Patton, 2002) suggest that the sister taxa of both the myocastorids and capromyids is a group of the Eumysopinae including the genera Clyomys and Euryzygomatomys, but do not allow for evaluation of the distinctiveness of a West Indian clade of spiny rats (Heteropsominae) suggested by Woods (1982). Varona (1974:73) placed all West Indian spiny rats in the ge... [truncated]	
13400546	Boromys	Miller 1916	GENUS					Boromys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Smithson. Misc. Coll. vol.66 12 p.7	Boromys offella Miller, 1916.					
13400547	Boromys offella	Miller 1916	SPECIES			offella		Boromys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Smithson Misc. Coll. vol.66 12 p.8			Cuba and Isla Juventud (Isle of Pines).	IUCN  Extinct.		Oriente Cave Rat
13400548	Boromys torrei	Allen 1917	SPECIES			torrei		Boromys	Echimyidae	Rodentia	Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. vol.61 p.6			Cuba and Isla Juventud (Isle of Pines).	IUCN  Extinct.		Torres Cave Rat
13400555	Myocastoridae	Ameghino 1904	FAMILY						Myocastoridae	Rodentia	Anales Soc. Cient. Argentina vol.56-58 p.103					The higher-level classification of Myocastor remains unresolved. Myocastorids presumably evolved in the Oligocene of South America from an echimyid of the subfamily Adelophomyinae (Woods et al., 1992). The myocastorids have been included in Capromyidae by Hall (1981), Corbet and Hill (1991), and others, included in the Echimyidae (McKenna and Bell, 1997), and placed in the family Myocastoridae by Ameghino (1904), Woods and Howland (1979), and Woods (1993). Patterson and Pascual (1968b) and Patterson and Wood (1982) considered both myocastorids and capromyids to be subfamilies of the Echimyidae, based on the retention of the deciduous premolar in these taxa. Sequence data support this placement, as Leite and Patton (2002) suggested the inclusion of Myocastor and Capromys within the Echimyidae. Although Leite and Patton (2002) identified Capromys as the sister taxon of Myocastor, their placement within the Echimyidae clade is not well supported a... [truncated]	
13400556	Myocastor	Kerr 1792	GENUS					Myocastor	Myocastoridae	Rodentia	InLinnaeus, Anim. Kingdom p.225	Mus coypus Molina, 1782.	Mastonotus Wesmael, 1841; Myopotamus Geoffroy, 1805; Potamys Desmarest, 1825.			Patterson and Pascual (1968b:6) included Myocastor and several fossil forms as the subfamily Myocastorinae of the Echimyidae. Based on sequence data, the sister taxon of Myocastor appears to be Capromys (Leite and Patton, 2002). Although this sister taxon relationship is well supported in both parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses (Leite and Patton, 2002), potential problems including taxon bias and long branch attraction have not been fully addressed.	
13400557	Myocastor coypus	Molina 1782	SPECIES			coypus		Myocastor	Myocastoridae	Rodentia	Sagg. Stor. Nat. Chile p.287		albomaculatus  (Fitzinger, 1867); chilensis (Lesson, 1842); dorsalis (Fitzinger, 1867); popelairi (Wesmael, 1841); bonariensis (Geoffroy, 1805[1806]); castoroides (Burrow, 1815); melanops (Osgood, 1943); sanctaecruzae Hollister, 1914.	S Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Boliva, Argentina, Chile.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Common.	Widely introduced into North America, Europe, N Asia, and E Africa. The common name coypu is preferable to nutria, since nutria in Spanish means otter. The species and subspecies were reviewed by Woods et al. (1992).	Coypu
13400558	Myocastor coypus subsp. coypus	Molina 1782	SUBSPECIES		coypus	coypus		Myocastor	Myocastoridae	Rodentia	Sagg. Stor. Nat. Chile p.287						
13400559	Myocastor coypus subsp. bonariensis	Geoffroy 1805 "1806"	SUBSPECIES		bonariensis	coypus		Myocastor	Myocastoridae	Rodentia							
13500008	Ochotona alpina subsp. alpina	Pallas 1773	SUBSPECIES		alpina	alpina	Pika	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha	Reise Prov. Russ. Reichs. vol.2 p.701						
13400562	Capromyidae	Smith 1842	FAMILY						Capromyidae	Rodentia	The Naturalists Library (London) vol.15 p.308					Does not include Myocastor, and apparently represents an entirely intra-Caribbean radiation (Woods 1989a, b; Woods and Howland, 1979); but see comments under Myocastoridae. Woods (1982:386-387) included West Indian Heteropsomyinae in this family, but here this group is assigned to the Echimyidae (see comments under Heteropsomyinae). Varona (1974) and Corbet and Hill (1991:203) classified most of the following species in either of two genera (Capromys or Plagiodontia), whereas Woods (1989a, b) separated them into several distinct subfamilies and genera.	
13400563	Capromyinae	Smith 1842	SUBFAMILY						Capromyidae	Rodentia	The Naturalists Library (London) vol.15 p.30					Reviewed by Kratochvíl et al. (1978), Varona and Arredondo (1979), and Borroto (2002). The status of Brachycapromys, Mysateles, Mesocapromys, Pygmaeocapromys, Paracapromys, and Stenocapromys as genera or subgenera is unresolved (Hall, 1981; Rodriquez et al., 1979; Woods and Howland, 1979). This group is in need of revision to standardize the taxonomic levels proposed for the Cuban radiation of capromyids with taxonomic categories established for Hispaniola. The living Cuban capromyids are placed in three genera (Capromys, Mesocapromys, Mysateles) as accepted by the majority of Cuban systematists (see Kratochvil et al., 1978 and Borroto, 2002). Woods et al. (2001) demonstrated that Mysateles is paraphyletic, and placed melanurus within the genus Mesocapromys. In addition to the extant forms described below, 13 extinct forms of Capromys like hutias have been described (Varona and Arredondo, 1979): ... [truncated]	
13400564	Capromys	Desmarest 1822	GENUS					Capromys	Capromyidae	Rodentia	Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris p.185	Capromys fourniere Desmarest, 1822 (= Isodon pilorides Say, 1822).	Macrocapromys  Arredondo, 1958.			"Capromys" geayi (Pousarges, 1899) was described from Venezuela, where it was collected in the mountains between La Guayra and Caracas. It was placed in its own genus (Procapromys) by Chapman (1901:322). The type specimen is Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. (Paris) No. 1898-1785 (1834A). No further specimens have ever been collected, and it is possible that the collecting locality was incorrectly recorded. This specimen is likely a juvenile Capromys from Cuba erroneously reported from Venezuela.	
13700445	Megasorex gigas	Merriam 1897	SPECIES			gigas		Megasorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.11 p.227			Nayarit to Oaxaca (Mexico).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Formerly included in Notiosorex (Hall, 1981:65); but Repenning (1967:56) and Armstrong and Jones (1972a, Mammalian Species No. 16) considered Megasorex a distinct genus; a view supported by George (1986) on the basis of allozyme data.	Mexican Shrew
13400565	Capromys gundlachianus	Varona 1983	SPECIES			gundlachianus		Capromys	Capromyidae	Rodentia	Carib. J. Sci. vol.19 3-4 p.77			In the region of Cayo Bahía de Cádiz in the Archipiélago de Sabana, as well as Cayo Fragoso, Cayo Santa María, Cayo Guillermo, and Cayo Patabán. Extirpated on Cayo las Brujas. On Cayo Fragoso it is sympatric with Mesocapromys auritus north of Caibarién.	Widespread.	Originally described as a subspecies of C. pilorides but tentatively elevated to species status because of sequence divergence of a specimen from Cayo Ballenato del Medio (Woods et al., 2001), however, this locality is outside the published range of gundlachianus.	Archipiélago de Sabana Hutia
13500092	Leporidae	Fischer 1817	FAMILY						Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Mém. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscow vol.5 p.372		Bunolagini Averianov, 1999; Lagidae Schultze, 1897; Leporidae Gray, 1821, Leporinorum Fischer, 1817, Oryctolaginae Gureev, 1948, Pentalaginae Gureev, 1948.			Often divided into subfamilies Paleolaginae (Pentalagus, Pronolagus, Romerolagus) and Leporinae (remaining genera) (Dice, 1929; Simpson, 1945), but no subfamilies were recognized by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951). For basis of genera recognized here, see Corbet (1983); see also Averianov (1999).	
13400566	Capromys pilorides	Say 1822	SPECIES			pilorides		Capromys	Capromyidae	Rodentia	Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.2 p.333		acevedo  (Arredondo, 1958); fourniere Desmarest, 1822; intermedius (Arredondo, 1958); doceleguas Varona, 1980; relictus (Allen, 1911); ciprianoi Borroto, Camacho and Ramos, 1992.	Mainland Cuba, Isle of Youth, Archipiélago de las Doce Lequnas, Archipiélago de Sabana, and many other islands and cays in the Cuban archipelago.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Common (extremely abundant in some areas, including Guantanamo Bay Naval Base).	The first mention of this species name is as Mus pilorides Pallas 1778, however, Tate (1935:309) noted that it is not associated with this genus. Sometimes placed in the subgenus Capromys; see Hall (1981:863). This species is very variable in size, coloration, and habits. There are five named subspecies (ciprianoi, doceleguas, gundlachianus, pilorides, and relictus; see Varona (1983a:77) and Borroto Paez et al., 1992:98). No genetic differentiation of cytochrome b was reported for the two subspecies (ciprianoi and relictus) on the Isle of Youth (Woods et al., 2001). However, gundlachianus from Cayo Fragoso was reported to show over 5% sequence divergence and here we are elevating it to species level. Macrocapromys acevedo described by Arredondo (1958:10) is not distinct at the generic level, and is probably synonymous with pilorides. Arredondo's spelling was acevedo, but this was noted as ... [truncated]	Desmarests Hutia
13400567	Capromys pilorides subsp. pilorides	Say 1822	SUBSPECIES		pilorides	pilorides		Capromys	Capromyidae	Rodentia	Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.2 p.333						
13400568	Capromys pilorides subsp. doceleguas	Varona 1980	SUBSPECIES		doceleguas	pilorides		Capromys	Capromyidae	Rodentia							
13400569	Capromys pilorides subsp. relictus	Allen 1911	SUBSPECIES		relictus	pilorides		Capromys	Capromyidae	Rodentia							
13500009	Ochotona alpina subsp. changaica	Ognev 1940	SUBSPECIES		changaica	alpina	Pika	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha							
13400570	Geocapromys	Chapman 1901	GENUS					Geocapromys	Capromyidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.14 p.314	Capromys(Geocapromys) brownii Fischer, 1830.				Original use of the name was as a subgenus of Capromys. Included in Capromys by Mohr (1939:75), Varona (1974:67), Hall (1981:865), and Corbet and Hill (1991:203). Considered a distinct genus by Miller (1929), Woods and Howland (1979:112), and Morgan (1985:30). Includes columbianus, pleistocenicus (see Hall, 1981:866), and megas (see Varona and Arredondo, 1979), which are known only from Holocene fossils from Cuba.	
13400571	Geocapromys brownii	Fischer 1830	SPECIES			brownii		Geocapromys	Capromyidae	Rodentia	Synopis. Mamm., Addenda p.389 (=589)		brachyurus  (Hill, 1851).	Jamaica.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Sometimes includes G. thoracatus from Little Swan Isl (see that account). Reviewed by Anderson et al. (1983). Karyotype has 2n=88; FN=136 (George and Weir, 1972b).	Jamaician Hutia
13800303	Pteropus hypomelanus subsp. macassaricus	Heude 1897	SUBSPECIES		macassaricus	hypomelanus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						subnigerspecies group.	
13400573	Geocapromys thoracatus	True 1888	SPECIES			thoracatus		Geocapromys	Capromyidae	Rodentia	Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. vol.11 p.469			Little Swan Isl.	IUCN  Extinct; Clough (1976) stated that thoracatus became extinct in 1950s, possibly as a result of introduced cats on the island.	Sometimes included as a subspecies of G. brownii; see Mohr (1939:77), Hall (1981:866), and Varona (1974:67). Morgan (1985) reconfirmed its status as a distinct species. Reviewed by Morgan (1989a, Mammalian Species No. 341).	Swan Island Hutia
13400574	Mesocapromys	Varona 1970	GENUS					Mesocapromys	Capromyidae	Rodentia	Poeyana vol.73 p.8	Capromys(Mesocapromys) auritus Varona, 1970.	Paracapromys  Kratochvíl, Rodriguez, and Barus, 1978; Pygmaeocapromys Varona, 1979; Stenocapromys Varona and Arredondo, 1979.			Original use of name was as a subgenus, which was elevated to a genus by Kratochvíl et al. (1978:15). All members of this genus are small (less than 1 kg), and construct large nests made of sticks, unlike Mysateles.	
13400575	Mesocapromys angelcabrerai	Varona 1979	SPECIES			angelcabrerai		Mesocapromys	Capromyidae	Rodentia	Poeyana vol.194 p.6			Cayos de Ana Maria, Cuba.	U.S. ESA  Endangered as Capromys angelcabrerai; IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Placed in the subgenus Pygmaeocapromys by Varona (1979:5). Reviewed by Camacho et al. (1994). Unusual among capromyines in being sexually dimorphic. There are reports of the presence of M. angelcabrerai on the coast near Jucaró, but no confirmed specimens are known. This species and M. nanus are the two smallest hutias in Cuba.	Cabreras Hutia
13400576	Mesocapromys auritus	Varona 1970	SPECIES			auritus		Mesocapromys	Capromyidae	Rodentia	Poeyana, ser. A vol.73 p.1			Known only from the type locality.	U.S. ESA  Endangered as Capromys auritus; IUCN  Critically Endangered.	This form is known only from mangrove habitats along the edge of canals passing across Cayo Fragoso. This form constructs nests that are very similar to those of angelcabrerai. Karyotype has 2n=36 (Hemandez and Sanchez, 1987).	Large-eared Hutia
13400602	Heptaxodontidae	Anthony 1917	FAMILY						Heptaxodontidae	Rodentia	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.37 4 p.183		Amblyrhizinae Schaub, 1951; Elasmodontomyinae Anthony, 1917.			Known only from sub-Recent fossils from Greater and N Lesser Antilles (Woods, 1989a). Whether Amblyrhiza and Clidomys became extinct before or after humans arrived in the West Indies is debatable. This family is often placed near the Chinchillidae based on similar laminar plates of molariform teeth. One genus (Quemisia) is very similar in dental morphology to capromyids, however, and it is possible to derive all of the conditions seen in heptaxodontids from dental patterns found within the Capromyidae. This family should be placed adjacent to the Capromyidae.	
13400577	Mesocapromys melanurus	Poey 1865	SPECIES			melanurus		Mesocapromys	Capromyidae	Rodentia	In Peters, 1865, Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin p.384		arboricolus  Kratochvíl, Rodriguez, and Barus, 1978; rufescens Mohr, 1839.	Eastern provinces of Cuba.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt) as Mysateles melanurus. Locally abundant in Guisa, Gramma Prov., but uncommon in other regions of the eastern provinces (Borroto et al., 2001).	The author and date of publication for this species are usually given as Peters, 1864, but Varona (1974:63), established the correct author and date as Poey, 1865. Includes arboricolus of Kratochvíl et al. (1978:48), who placed it in the genus Mysateles, subgenus Leptocapromys. However, this specimen is considered to be a young female M. melanurus by Varona (1986:7). We have examined this specimen, and concur with Varona. Woods et al. (2001) concluded that Mysateles was paraphyletic and that the affinities of melanurus are with taxa of the genus Mesocapromys rather than with Mysateles p. prehensilis or M. p. gundlachi.	Black-tailed Hutia
13400578	Mesocapromys nanus	G. M. Allen 1917	SPECIES			nanus		Mesocapromys	Capromyidae	Rodentia	Proc. New England Zool. Club vol.6 p.54			Cienaga (swamp) de Zapata (Matanzas Prov., Cuba).	U.S. ESA  Endangered as Capromys nana; ICUN  Critically Endangered. Some mammalogists consider this species to be extinct since no specimens have been collected since 1937, but it is still likely to survive in remote areas of the Zapata Swamp (Jorge de la Cruz, pers. comm.).	Placed in newly created subgenus Pygmaeocapromys by Varona (1979:5). In genus Mesocapromys, subgenus Paracapromys by Kratocvil et al. (1978:15) and Rodriguez et al. (1979). However, retained in Capromys subgenus Mysateles by Hall (1981:863) because of its long tail and small body size. Varona (1979:5), however, states that even though this species "automatically" is associated with Mysateles because of tail length, there are important cranial differences between nanus and other Mysateles. Originally based on fossil material, but subsequently found living in the Zapata Swamp.	Dwarf Hutia
13400579	Mesocapromys sanfelipensis	Varona and Garrido 1970	SPECIES			sanfelipensis		Mesocapromys	Capromyidae	Rodentia	Poeyana, ser. A vol.75 p.3			Known only from four specimens collected at the type locality.	U.S. ESA  Endangered as Capromys sanfelipensis; IUCN  Critically Endangered. Fire destroyed much of its habitat on Cayo Juan Garcia (Frias et al., 1988) and thus may now be extinct.	Placed in subgenus Mesocapromys by Varona (1974), and in genus Mesocapromys, subgenus Paracapromys by Kratochvíl et al. (1978:15). The habitat of this species is uncertain, but all known specimens were captured in grasslands (Salicornia perennis = "yerba de vidrio") rather than mangroves.	San Felipe Hutia
13400580	Mysateles	Lesson 1842	GENUS					Mysateles	Capromyidae	Rodentia	Nouv. Tabl. Regne Animal Mammifères p.124	Capromys prehensilis Poeppig, 1824.	Brachycapromys Varona and Arredondo, 1979; Leptocapromys Kratochvíl et al., 1978.			Lesson separated Capromys prehensilis as Mysateles poeppingi; see Varona (1979:4-5). Kratochvíl et al. (1978:15) treated Mysateles as a genus in their new classification. Mysateles was included in Capromys by Woods (1989a:781), Hall (1981:863), and Corbet and Hill (1991:203), however, there is biochemical and morphological evidence to support Mysateles as a valid genus (Borroto, 2003; Camacho et al., 1995). Woods et al. (2001) found that Mysateles was paraphyletic in relationship to Mesocapromys angelcabrerai but was distinct from Capromys.	
13400595	Plagiodontia aedium	F. Cuvier 1836	SPECIES			aedium		Plagiodontia	Capromyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. (Paris), ser 2 vol.6 p.347		spelaem  Miller, 1929; hylaeum Miller, 1927.	Hispaniola, La Gonave Isl, not recorded from La Tortue Isl.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Includes hylaeum as a separate subspecies (Anderson, 1965).	Hispaniolan Hutia
13400581	Mysateles garridoi	Varona 1970	SPECIES			garridoi		Mysateles	Capromyidae	Rodentia	Poeyana, ser. A vol.74 p.2			Known only from a single specimen from a small islet northwest of Cayo Largo, Cuba.	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Placed in the genus Mysateles, subgenus Leptocapromys by Kratochvíl et al. (1978:15). However, retained in Capromys by Varona (in litt.) and by Woods et al. (2001). The type locality has been clarified by Silva-Taboada (pers. comm.), who identified the correct name for the locality as a yet unnamed small cay adjacent to Cayo Largo in the Archipiélago de los Canarreos. Varona (1970) incorrectly applied the name Cayo Majá to this islet. It is known that this hutia does not occur on the adjacent Cayo Majá (three cays to the northwest of Cayo Largo) based on 1990 expedition to this region by R. Borroto (pers. comm.). The single known specimen may have been left on the site where it was collected by fishermen, and not be from the area, so it is necessary to search more widely in the region to determine the status of this species (A. Camacho, pers. comm.).	Garridos Hutia
13400582	Mysateles meridionalis	Varona 1986	SPECIES			meridionalis		Mysateles	Capromyidae	Rodentia	Poeyana vol.315 p.4			Restricted to lowland forests SW of the central savanna on the Isle of Youth (south of W Cuba).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt), however, Borroto and Ramos (2003) recommend status of critically endangered.	Closely related to Mysateles prehensilis, but differs in the proportion of the tail, which is 62 percent of body length in meridionalis, 73 percent in gundlachi, and 79 percent in prehensilis; see also comments under prehensilis.	Southern Hutia
13400603	Clidomyinae	Woods 1989	SUBFAMILY						Heptaxodontidae	Rodentia	Biogeography of the West Indies p.753						
13400604	Clidomys	Anthony 1920	GENUS					Clidomys	Heptaxodontidae	Rodentia	Bull Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.42 p.469	Clidomys osborni Anthony, 1920.	Alterodon  Anthony, 1920; Speoxenus Anthony, 1920; Spirodontomys Anthony, 1920.				
13400583	Mysateles prehensilis	Poeppig 1824	SPECIES			prehensilis		Mysateles	Capromyidae	Rodentia	Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.4 p.11		pallidus  (Poey, 1865); poeppingi Lesson, 1842; poeyi (Guerin, 1834); gundlachi (Chapman, 1901).	Cuba, mainly west of Camaguey Province. The status of this species in the eastern provinces (old Oriente Prov.) is not clear.	IUCN  Vulnerable as M. gundlachi, Lower Risk (lc) as M. prehensilis. Common.	Placed in subgenus Mesocapromys by Mohr (1939:54) and Varona (1974), and in the genus and subgenus Mysateles by Kratochvíl et al. (1978:15). This is the largest species of Mysateles. Mysateles gundlachi was described on the basis of the baculum, which is distinctly broad-based unlike that of M. meridionalis. Based on levels of sequence divergence, Woods et al. (2001) considered gundlachi as an insular subspecies of M. prehensilis, which we follow here. Karyotype has 2n=34; FN=54-56 (Milinokov et al., 1990).	Prehensile-tailed Hutia
13400584	Mysateles prehensilis subsp. prehensilis	Poeppig 1824	SUBSPECIES		prehensilis	prehensilis		Mysateles	Capromyidae	Rodentia	Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.4 p.11						
13400585	Mysateles prehensilis subsp. gundlachi	Chapman 1901	SUBSPECIES		gundlachi	prehensilis		Mysateles	Capromyidae	Rodentia							
13400586	Hexolobodontinae	Woods 1989	SUBFAMILY						Capromyidae	Rodentia	Los Angeles Co. Mus. Nat. Hist., Sci. Ser. vol.33 p.76						
13400587	Hexolobodon	Miller 1929	GENUS					Hexolobodon	Capromyidae	Rodentia	Smithson. Misc. Coll. vol.81 p.19	Hexolobodon phenax Miller, 1929.					
13500010	Ochotona alpina subsp. cinereofusca	Schrenk 1858	SUBSPECIES		cinereofusca	alpina	Pika	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha							
13500011	Ochotona alpina subsp. sushkini	Thomas 1924	SUBSPECIES		sushkini	alpina	Pika	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha							
13400588	Hexolobodon phenax	Miller 1929	SPECIES			phenax		Hexolobodon	Capromyidae	Rodentia	Smithson. Misc. Coll. vol.81 p.19		poolei  Rímoli, 1976 [1977].	Hispaniola and La Gonave Isl.	IUCN  Extinct.	Includes H. poolei (Rímoli, 1976:21), which is known only by the type specimen (USNM No. 255881), because the normal dental variation of H. phenax included the diagnostic condition in H. poolei.	Imposter Hutia
13400589	Isolobodontinae	Woods 1989	SUBFAMILY						Capromyidae	Rodentia	Los Angeles Co. Mus. Nat. Hist., Sci. Ser. vol.33 p.76					Early Miocene form, Zazamys veronicae, has been reported from Cuba by MacPhee et al. (2003).	
13400590	Isolobodon	J. A. Allen 1916	GENUS					Isolobodon	Capromyidae	Rodentia	Ann. New York Acad. Sci. vol.27 p.19	Isolobodon portoricensis J. A. Allen, 1916.	Aphaetreus  Miller, 1922; Ithydontia Miller, 1922.				
13400591	Isolobodon montanus	Miller 1922	SPECIES			montanus		Isolobodon	Capromyidae	Rodentia	Smithson. Misc. Coll. vol.74 p.3			Hispaniola and La Gonave Isl.	IUCN  Extinct.	Originally described in a separate genus from I. portoricensis because the enamel folds of the cheekteeth connect to form separate laminar plates, but a large series of each species indicates that this character is clinal, and the two forms are very closely related.	Montane Hutia
13400592	Isolobodon portoricensis	J. A. Allen 1916	SPECIES			portoricensis		Isolobodon	Capromyidae	Rodentia	Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. vol.27 p.19		levir  (Miller, 1922).	Hispaniola (Haiti and Dominican Republic) and offshore islands. Introduced on Puerto Rico, St. Thomas, St. Croix, and Mona Isl. The only known hutia on La Gonave Isl.	IUCN  Critically Endangered, Probably extinct, but possibly surviving on La Tortue Isl off the N coast of Haiti (Woods et al., 1985).	Even though the type locality is Puerto Rico, the species was apparently introduced there by Amerindians and the natural range is restricted to Hispaniola. Reported as extinct by Hall (1981:868), but this species survived in Hispaniola and Puerto Rico until the last few decades, and may still survive in certain remote areas (Woods et al., 1985). Includes levir (Reynolds et al., 1953).	Puerto Rican Hutia
13400593	Plagiodontinae	Ellerman 1940	SUBFAMILY						Capromyidae	Rodentia	The Families and Genera of Living Rodents vol.1 p.25						
13400596	Plagiodontia aedium subsp. aedium	F. Cuvier 1836	SUBSPECIES		aedium	aedium		Plagiodontia	Capromyidae	Rodentia	Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. (Paris), ser 2 vol.6 p.347						
13700582	Sorex samniticus	Altobello 1926	SPECIES			samniticus	Sorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Bol. Inst. Zool. Univ. Roma vol.3 p.102		garganicus  Pasa, 1953; monsvairani (Altobello, 1927).	Italy.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Sorex. S. samniticus group (Zima et al., 1998). Karyotype has 2n = 52, FN = 52. Formerly included in aranaeus; considered a distinct species by Graf et al. (1979). Reviewed by Hausser (1990).	Apennine Shrew
13400598	Plagiodontia araeum	Ray 1964	SPECIES			araeum		Plagiodontia	Capromyidae	Rodentia	Breviora, Mus. Comp. Zool. vol.203 p.2		stenocoronalis  (Rímoli, 1976 [1977]).	Hispaniola.	Extinct.	Type description based on only left upper cheek tooth (DP4). Subsequent fossil material collected in Haiti and deposited at the Florida Museum of Natural History includes complete cranial and dentary material, confirming the validity of this taxon. Hyperplagiodontia stenocoronalis of Rimoli (1976:34) is not distinct from P. araeum. A very large wide-toothed hutia.	Wide-toothed Hutia
13400599	Plagiodontia ipnaeum	Johnson 1948	SPECIES			ipnaeum		Plagiodontia	Capromyidae	Rodentia	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.61 p.72		caletensis  Rímoli, 1976 [1977]; velozi Rímoli, 1976 [1977].	Hispaniola.	IUCN  Extinct. Probably extinct (Woods et al., 1985).	A large version of P. aedium.	Samana Hutia
13400600	Rhizoplagiodontia	Woods 1989	GENUS					Rhizoplagiodontia	Capromyidae	Rodentia	Los Angeles Co. Mus. Nat. Hist., Sci. Ser. vol.33 p.62	Rhizoplagiodontia lemkei Woods, 1989.					
13500093	Brachylagus	Miller 1900	GENUS					Brachylagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.13 p.157	Lepus idahoensis Merriam, 1891.					
13400605	Clidomys osborni	Anthony 1920	SPECIES			osborni		Clidomys	Heptaxodontidae	Rodentia	Bull Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.42 p.469		cundalli  (Anthony, 1920); jamaicensis (Anthony, 1920); major (Anthony, 1920); parvus (Anthony, 1920).	Jamaica.	Extinct.	C. parvus is here synomized with C. osborni based on Morgan and Wilkins (2003), who noted the wide size range of C. osborni specimens from Slue's Cave, Jamaica. They interpreted this size range to indicate that C. osborni is the only valid species of Clidomys present in Jamaica.	Osborns Key Mouse
13400606	Heptaxodontinae	Anthony 1917	SUBFAMILY						Heptaxodontidae	Rodentia	Bull Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.37 4 p.183						
13400607	Amblyrhiza	Cope 1868	GENUS					Amblyrhiza	Heptaxodontidae	Rodentia	Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. p.313	Amblyrhiza inundata Cope, 1868.	Loxomylus  Cope, 1869.				
13400608	Amblyrhiza inundata	Cope 1868	SPECIES			inundata		Amblyrhiza	Heptaxodontidae	Rodentia	Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. p.313		latidens (Cope, 1870); longidens (Cope, 1871); quadrans (Cope, 1871).	Anguilla, St. Martin.	Extinct.		Blunt-toothed Giant Hutia
13500001	Lagomorpha	Brandt 1855	ORDER							Lagomorpha			Duplicidentata Illiger, 1811; Leporida Averianov, 1999; Neolagomorpha Averianov, 1999; Ochotonida Averianov, 1999; Palarodentia Haeckel, 1895.			Relationships between this order and Rodentia have been disputed for over a century. Its early history was discussed by Simpson (1945), while Landry (1999) provided an overview of more recent literature on the subject, discussing many synapomorphies, mostly morphological, that support the concept of a Cohort Glires including both orders. Molecular sequence data also support the concept (Huchon et al., 1999).	
13500002	Ochotonidae	Thomas 1896 "1897"	FAMILY						Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1896 p.1026		Lagomina Gray, 1825; Lagomyidae Lilljeborg, 1866; Prolaginae Gureev, 1960.			Revisions of the family include Gureev (1964), Corbet (1978c), and Erbajeva (1988, 1994). Other useful treatments include Allen (1938), Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), Ognev (1940), Hall (1981), A. T. Smith et al. (1990), and Yu et al. (2000).	
13802421	Myotis formosus subsp. watasei	Kishida 1924	SUBSPECIES		watasei	formosus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13700446	Notiosorex	Coues 1877	GENUS					Notiosorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Bull. U.S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr. vol.3 p.646	Sorex (Notiosorex) crawfordi Coues, 1877.				Repenning (1967:45) placed the genus in Neomyini. Reumer (1984:14) created a new tribe Notiosoricini to include Notiosorex, but George (1986:160) could find no evidence to support this separation. Hall (1981:65) included also Megasorex gigas, but Repenning (1967:56), Armstrong and Jones (1972), and George (1986) considered Megasorex a distinct genus. Notiosorex (Xenosorex) phillipsii belongs to Cryptotis; see Choate (1969) and Woodman and Timm (2000). Lindsay and Jacobs (1985) described an extinct species from Pliocene sediments of Chihuahua, Mexico. Extant species revised by Carraway and Timm (2000) and Baker et al. (2003a).	
13700765	Uropsilus investigator	Thomas 1922	SPECIES			investigator		Uropsilus	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.10 p.393			Yunnan (China).	IUCN  Endangered.	Hoffmann (1984) included investigator in gracilis but on morphological and distributional grounds Wang and Yang (1989) and Storch (pers. comm.) concluded that both are sympatric in Yunnan and must therefore be regarded as distinct species.	Inquisitive Shrew Mole
13500003	Ochotona	Link 1795	GENUS					Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha	Beitr. Naturgesch. vol.2 p.74	Ochotona minor Link, 1795 (= Lepus dauuricus Pallas, 1776).	Abra Gray, 1863 [not Lamarck, 1818]; Abrama Strand, 1928 [for Abra Gray]; Argyrotona Rekovetz, 1988; Buchneria Erbajeva, 1988; Conothoa Lyon, 1904; Lagomys G. Cuvier, 1800 [not Storr, 1780]; Lagotona Kretzoi, 1941; Ogotoma Gray, 1867; Pika Lácèpde, 1799 [= Pica Fischer, 1803]; Tibetholagus Argyropulo and Pidoplichko, 1939 [nomen nudum]; Tibetolagus Argyropulo, 1948 [for Tibetholagus].			There have been no grounds for recognizing subgenera due to lack of a phylogenetic analysis of specific relationships within the genus. The subgeneric classifications published (e.g., Allen, 1938; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; Erbajeva, 1988; Ognev, 1940) differ dramatically, even when based on the same distinguishing characteristics (morphology of dentition and of incisive and palatal foramina). However, a recent phylogenetic analysis (Yu et al., 2000) based on molecular sequencing, divides the genus into three groups. These were termed "shrub-steppe", "mountain" and "northern". The shrub steppe group includes 7 species that had previously been placed in subgenus Ochotona; those in the northern group (N=5) in subgenus Pika; and 7 species in the mountain group had been placed in either subgenus, though predominately in Ochotona. The oldest available name for this third subgenus might appear to be Lagomys Cuvier, 1800, but the name is unavailable since P... [truncated]	
13500004	Ochotona	Link 1795	SUBGENUS				Ochotona	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha	Beitr. Naturgesch. vol.2 p.74	Ochotona minor Link, 1795 (= Lepus dauuricus Pallas, 1776).					
13500005	Pika	Lácèpde 1799	SUBGENUS				Pika	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha						[= Pica Fischer, 1803]	
13500028	Ochotona gloveri	Thomas 1922	SPECIES			gloveri	Conothoa	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.9 p.190		kamensis  Argyropulo, 1948 [not 1941; see Honacki et al., 1982]; brookei Allen, 1937; calloceps Pen et al., 1962.	W Sichuan, NW Yunnan, NE Tibet, SW Qinghai (China).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Conothoa; but see Niu et al. (2001). Formerly included in erythrotis; see comments therein. Whether gloveri and erythrotis are sym-, para-, or allopatric in distribution in Sichuan and/or Qinghai is unknown. The taxon brookei may be a separate sister species to gloveri+muliensis (Niu, 2002).	Glovers Pika
13500007	Ochotona alpina	Pallas 1773	SPECIES			alpina	Pika	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha	Reise Prov. Russ. Reichs. vol.2 p.701		ater  Eversmann, 1842; nitida Hollister, 1912; changaica Ognev, 1940; cinereofusca (Schrenk, 1858); scorodumovi Skalon, 1935; sushkini Thomas, 1924.	Sayan and Altai Mtns; Khangai, Kentei and associated ranges; upper Amur drainage (NW Kazakhstan, S Russia, NW Mongolia); N Xinjiang (China).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Isolated montane populations in Mongolia may be threatened (A. T. Smith et al., 1990).	Subgenus Pika. Formerly included hyperborea; but see Ivanitskaya (1985) and Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987). Sokolov and Orlov (1980:79) considered hyperborea a distinct species with a distribution overlapping that of alpina in the Khangai and Kentei Mtns, Mongolia. Separate specific status was supported by differences in chromosome numbers (Vorontsov and Ivanitskaya, 1973). The race sushkini, formerly assigned to O. pallasi, is a subspecies of alpina (see A. T. Smith et al., 1990, and references therein; see Niu et al., 2001, for contrary view). Does not include collaris or princeps, see Weston (1981). Formerly included argentata, but see Erbajeva (1997), Formozov (1997), and Formozov et al. (In Press) who gave it full species status on the basis of morphology, chromosome number and acoustic behavior.	Alpine Pika
13500012	Ochotona argentata	Howell 1928	SPECIES			argentata	Pika	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.41 p.116		helanshanensis Zheng, 1987 [in Wang, 1990].	Restricted to the Helan Shan range, Ningxia, China (Formozov, 1997; A. T. Smith et al., 1990).	IUCN  Critically Endangered (see Formozov, 1997; A. T. Smith et al., 1990).	Subgenus Pika. Formerly considered a subspecies of O. alpina (see comments therein). There is confusion as to whether argentata is the same as or different from O. helanshanensis. The two forms come from the same area, share similar pelage descriptions, and have similar body and skull measurements, thus appear to be synonyms (Formozov et al., In Press). See also O. pallasi.	Silver Pika
13700583	Sorex satunini	Ognev 1922	SPECIES			satunini	Sorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Zool. Mus. Russ. Acad. Sci. vol.22 p.311			N Turkey and Caucasus.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Sorex; S. araneus group (Fumagalli et al., 1999). Karyotype has 2n = 24/25, FN = 46. Formerly referred to as caucasicus Satunin, which is now synonymized with raddei Satunin; see Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987) and Zaitsev (1988). Sokolov and Tembotov (1989), who reviewed the distribution in Caucasus, used caucasicus for this species. Considered a distinct species by Graf et al. (1979).	Caucasian Shrew
13500013	Ochotona cansus	Lyon 1907	SPECIES			cansus	Ochotona	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha	Smithson. Misc. Coll. vol.50 p.136		morosa  Thomas, 1912; sorella Thomas, 1908; stevensi Osgood, 1932.	C China (Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan); isolated populations in Shaanxi and Shanxi.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc); but the Shanxi subspecies sorella, isolated in the extreme NW of the species range (Yunshung Shan) is IUCN  Endangered and the subspecies morosa is IUCN  Data Deficient.	Subgenus Ochotona. Büchner (1890) originally included this species in the quite different O. roylei, but in recent years it has usually been assigned to O. thibetana (Allen, 1938; Argyropulo, 1948; Corbet, 1978c; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; Gureev, 1964; Honacki et al., 1982; Weston, 1982). Additional studies showed that cansus and thibetana are broadly sympatric, with distinct ecological niches, and morphological characters that do not intergrade (Feng and Kao, 1974; Feng and Zheng, 1985). The latter authors, without access to holotypes, assigned the race morosa to thibetana, but it is an isolated subspecies of cansus that is sympatric with O. thibetana in the Tsing Ling Shan, Shaanxi Province (A. T. Smith et al., 1990, and references therein). Recent phylogenetic analyses based on molecular sequencing also show that morosa is a synonym of O. cansus rather than O. thibeta... [truncated]	Gansu Pika
13500018	Ochotona collaris	Nelson 1893	SPECIES			collaris	Pika	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.8 p.117			WC Mackenzie, S Yukon, NW British Columbia (Canada); SE Alaska (USA).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) (MacDonald and Jones, 1987).	Subgenus Pika. Broadbooks (1965) and Youngman (1975) considered collaris and princeps conspecific. Corbet (1978c), following Argyropulo (1948) and Gureev (1964), included collaris in alpina. A statistical reevaluation of craniometric data by Weston (1981) indicated that collaris, princeps and alpina are separate species; Hall (1981:286) also recognized collaris as a distinct species. O. collaris and O. princeps share similar chromosome numbers that differ sharply from those of alpina and hyperborea (Vorontsov and Ivanitskaya, 1973), but are similar to pusilla (Erbajeva, 1994).	Collared Pika
13500029	Ochotona gloveri subsp. gloveri	Thomas 1922	SUBSPECIES		gloveri	gloveri	Conothoa	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.9 p.190						
13500030	Ochotona gloveri subsp. brookei	Allen 1937	SUBSPECIES		brookei	gloveri	Conothoa	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha							
13500031	Ochotona gloveri subsp. calloceps	Pen et al. 1962	SUBSPECIES		calloceps	gloveri	Conothoa	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha							
13500113	Lepus americanus subsp. americanus	Erxleben 1777	SUBSPECIES		americanus	americanus	Poecilolagus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Syst. Regni Anim. vol.1 p.330						
13500019	Ochotona curzoniae	Hodgson 1857 "1858"	SPECIES			curzoniae	Ochotona	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.1857 26 p.207		melanostoma  (Büchner, 1890).	Tibetan Plateau; adjacent Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan (China), Sikkim (India) and E Nepal.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc); this species is the focus of widespread control efforts throughout its range, and has been eliminated locally (A. T. Smith et al., 1990; Smith and Foggin, 1999).	Subgenus Ochotona. Includes melanostoma, but not seiana from Iran (contra Corbet, 1978c : 69); see A. T. Smith et al. (1990). Treated as a subspecies of dauurica by (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1955 and Mitchell (1978), but it is considered a distinct species by the Chinese; see however Feng and Zheng (1985) and Feng et al. (1986). O. curzoniae and O. dauurica occur in geographic sympatry in Hainan County, Qinghai Province, China, and differ both morphologically (Feng and Zheng, 1985; Feng et al., 1986), chromosomally (Vorontsov and Ivanitskaya, 1973), electrophoretically (Zhou and Xia, 1981), and in their mitochondrial DNA (Yu et al., 1997; Yu et al., 2000). Its sister species is likely O. nubrica (Yu et al., 2000).	Plateau Pika
13500033	Ochotona hoffmanni	Formosov et al. 1996	SPECIES			hoffmanni	Pika	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha	Byul. Mosk. Ob-va Ispytatelei Prirody. Otd. Biol. vol.101 1 p.29			Restricted to the subalpine zone of the Hentiyn Nuruu ridge, Bayan-Ulan mountains, Mongolian Peoples Republic, and Erman range, Russia (Formozov and Baklushinskaya, 1999).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Subgenus Pika. Originally described as a subspecies of alpina, but elevated to full species status by Formozov and Baklushinskaya (1999) on the basis of morphological, bioacoustical and chromosomal evidence.	Hoffmanns Pika
13500020	Ochotona dauurica	Pallas 1776	SPECIES			dauurica	Ochotona	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha	Reise Prov. Russ. Reichs. vol.3 p.692		altaina  Thomas, 1911; minor Link, 1795; ogotona (Pallas, 1862); annectens Miller, 1911; bedfordi Thomas, 1908; shaanxiensis Xu and Wang, 1992; mursavi Bannikov, 1951.	Steppes from Altai, Tuva, and Transbaikalia (Russia) through N China and Mongolia, south to Qinghai Province, China. Zhang et al. (1997), listed it from Henan and Hebei provinces, but this may be a lapsus.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc). Considered a pest, is intensively controlled in China; control in Russia has been much less intensive. Isolated populations around the margins of the Gobi Desert in China and Mongolia are very vulnerable (A. T. Smith et al., 1990).	Subgenus Ochotona. The spelling of dauurica conforms to that of the original description. Formerly included curzoniae and melanostoma; see curzoniae, above. The retention of annectens as a subspecies is conservative; see comments under cansus. Inclusion of shaanxiensis as a synonym of O. d. bedfordi is provisional (see Wang and Xu, 1992). Ellerman and Morrison-Scotts type restriction is dubious because modern Kulusutai is south of the Onon River, at the NE end of Lake Baron-Torei. See Ognev (1940:62) and Allen (1938:551) for alternate type localities in the same general area.	Daurian Pika
13500021	Ochotona dauurica subsp. dauurica	Pallas 1776	SUBSPECIES		dauurica	dauurica	Ochotona	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha	Reise Prov. Russ. Reichs. vol.3 p.692						
13500022	Ochotona dauurica subsp. annectens	Miller 1911	SUBSPECIES		annectens	dauurica	Ochotona	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha							
13500023	Ochotona dauurica subsp. bedfordi	Thomas 1908	SUBSPECIES		bedfordi	dauurica	Ochotona	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha							
13500024	Ochotona dauurica subsp. mursavi	Bannikov 1951	SUBSPECIES		mursavi	dauurica	Ochotona	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha							
13500025	Ochotona erythrotis	Büchner 1890	SPECIES			erythrotis	Conothoa	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha	Wiss. Result. Przewalski Cent. Asien Reisen. Zool. Th., B. vol.I: Säugeth. p.165		vulpina  Howell, 1928.	E Qinghai, W Gansu, possibly N Sichuan, S Xinjiang, and Tibet (China).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Conothoa, but see Niu et al. (2001), who considered the erythrotis species group (brookei, gloveri, muliensis) to be subgenus Pika. Formerly included gloveri; see Corbet (1978c:68). Feng and Zheng (1985) provided evidence that gloveri (including brookei) is a distinct species. Formerly included in rutila (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951), but now regarded as distinct (Weston, 1982). The distribution of this species is poorly known, as are its relationships with the apparently allopatric rutila, iliensis, and gloveri. See also under forresti.	Chinese Red Pika
13500026	Ochotona forresti	Thomas 1923	SPECIES			forresti	Conothoa	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.11 p.662			NW Yunnan, SE Tibet (China); N Burma; Assam, Sikkim (India); Bhutan.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Conothoa. Formerly included in pusilla (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951), roylei (Corbet, 1978c), and thibetana (Feng and Kao, 1974; Gureev, 1964; Weston, 1982), but now considered distinct (A. T. Smith et al., 1990, and references therein). O. forresti is poorly known, but appears to be morphologically similar to O. gaoligongensis (Yu et al., 1992) and a sister species of O. erythrotis (Yu et al., 2000). It is thought to be geographically sympatric with O. gloveri and/or O. thibetana in Yunnan (China), Burma, and Sikkim (India). See also nigritia.	Forrests Pika
13800304	Pteropus hypomelanus subsp. maris	Allen 1936	SUBSPECIES		maris	hypomelanus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						subnigerspecies group.	
13500027	Ochotona gaoligongensis	Wang, Gong, and Duan 1988	SPECIES			gaoligongensis	Conothoa	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha	Zool. Res. vol.9 p.201, 206			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN  Data Deficient.	Subgenus Conothoa. From the original description, this taxon is likely to prove to be a synonym or sister species of O. forresti, which is known to occur in the same area (Yu et al., 1992).	Gaoligong Pika
13500063	Ochotona pallasi subsp. sunidica	Ma et al. 1980	SUBSPECIES		sunidica	pallasi	Pika	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha							
13500114	Lepus americanus subsp. bairdii	Hayden 1869	SUBSPECIES		bairdii	americanus	Poecilolagus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500115	Lepus americanus subsp. cascadensis	Nelson 1907	SUBSPECIES		cascadensis	americanus	Poecilolagus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500032	Ochotona himalayana	Feng 1973	SPECIES			himalayana	Conothoa	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha	Acta Zool. Sinica vol.19 p.69, 73			Mt. Jolmolungma (Everest) area, S Xizang, China; probably adjacent Nepal.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Conothoa. This taxon was considered a synonym of O. roylei by Corbet (1978c), Weston (1982) and Formozov (1997). Additional data (Feng and Zheng, 1985; Feng et al., 1986) suggested that it might be an independent species, but its range was within that of the similar O. roylei nepalensis. Additional studies (Yu et al., 2000) have now confirmed its specific distinctness.	Himalayan Pika
13500143	Lepus capensis subsp. granti	Thomas and Schwann 1904	SUBSPECIES		granti	capensis		Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha						Part of a group of subspecies from South Africa.	
13800457	Rhinolophus affinis subsp. himalayanus	K. Andersen 1905	SUBSPECIES		himalayanus	affinis		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						megaphyllus species group.	
13500034	Ochotona huangensis	Matschie 1908	SPECIES			huangensis	Ochotona	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha	Wiss. Ergebn. der Exped. Filchner nach China und Tibet 1903-05 vol.10 1 p.214		syrinx Thomas, 1911; xunhuaensis Shou and Feng, 1984.	In the mountains of C China, including Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai and Sichuan provinces.	IUCN  Endangered as O. thibetana huangensis.	Subgenus Ochotona. Formerly considered a subspecies of thibetana (Allen, 1938; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1955; Feng and Zheng, 1985; Smith et al., 1990). Yu and Zheng (1992b) first suggested full species status for huangensis, based on differing morphology, and later (Yu et al., 1997, 2000) supported this with molecular studies. O. huangensis appears to be broadly sympatric with O. thibetana, but largely allopatric in distribution with O. cansus and O. thomasi.	Tsing-Ling Pika
13700447	Notiosorex cockrumi	Baker, O'Neill, and McAliley 2003	SPECIES			cockrumi		Notiosorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Occas. Pap., Mus. Texas Tech Univ. vol.222 p.2			Arizona (USA) to C Sonora (Mexico).		A cryptic species indentified on the basis of cytochrome b gene fragments. Carraway and Timm (2000) included this new taxon in crawfordi and stated that they "found no identifyable morphological differences." Sympatric with crawfordi in SE Arizona. A karyotype of 2n = 62, FN = 94 reported earlier from Pima County, Arizona (Baker and Hsu, 1970), may refer to this species, while 2n= 68 and FN = 102 may refer to crawfordi. Molecular data also indicate that a third species occurs in Baja California (Baker et al., 2003a).	Cockrum's Gray Shrew
13500035	Ochotona hyperborea	Pallas 1811	SPECIES			hyperborea	Pika	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha	Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat. vol.1 p.152		kolymensis  Allen, 1903; litoralis Peters, 1882; cinereoflava (Schrenk, 1858); coreana Allen and Andrews, 1913; ferruginea (Schrenk, 1858), kamtschaticus Dybowski, 1922; mantchurica Thomas, 1909; normalis (Schrenk, 1858); svatoshi Turov, 1924; davanica (Sokolov et al., 1994); uralensis Flerov, 1927; yesoensis Kishida, 1930; ornata Kishida, 1930; sadaki Kishida, 1933; yoshikurai Kishida, 1932.	Ural, Putorana, Sayan Mtns, east of Lena River to Chukotka, Koryatsk and Kamchatka; upper Yenesei, Transbaikalia, and Amur regions, Sakhalin Isl (Russia); NC Mongolia; NE China; N Korea; Hokkaido (Japan).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc); the subspecies yesoensis is considered to be rare on Hokkaido, Japan.	Subgenus Pika. Formerly included in alpina; see A. T. Smith et al. (1990), and references therein. Differences in morphology and vocalizations are noticeable where hyperborea and alpina are sympatric in the W Sayan Mtns, Khangai Mtns, and Transbaikalia, and character displacement in size is also evident in some populations (Lissovsky and Lissovskaya, 2000; A. T. Smith et al., 1990). The original Pallas citation was printed and privately circulated in 1811, but not published for general distribution until 1826. Subspecies follow Lissovsky; formerly included O. turuchanensis Naumov 1934, which is considered a separate species (Lissovsky, 2002).	Northern Pika
13500036	Ochotona hyperborea subsp. hyperborea	Pallas 1811	SUBSPECIES		hyperborea	hyperborea	Pika	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha	Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat. vol.1 p.152						
13500037	Ochotona hyperborea subsp. cinereoflava	Schrenk 1858	SUBSPECIES		cinereoflava	hyperborea	Pika	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha							
13500038	Ochotona hyperborea subsp. coreana	Allen and Andrews 1913	SUBSPECIES		coreana	hyperborea	Pika	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha							
13500039	Ochotona hyperborea subsp. ferruginea	Schrenk 1858	SUBSPECIES		ferruginea	hyperborea	Pika	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha							
13500045	Ochotona iliensis	Li and Ma 1986	SPECIES			iliensis	Conothoa	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha	Acta Zool. Sinica vol.32 p.375, 379			Known only from the type locality (Li et al., 1988).	IUCN  Vulnerable; but may be critically endangered (Formozov, 1997; Li Weidong, pers. comm).	Subgenus Conothoa. Perhaps related to the roylei-macrotis group (Yu and Zheng, 1992a), or to the erythrotis group; poorly known.	Ili Pika
13500046	Ochotona koslowi	Büchner 1894	SPECIES			koslowi	Conothoa	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha	Wiss. Reisen. Przewalski Cent. Asien Zool. Th. I: Säugeth. p.187			Arkatag Range, Kunlun Mtns (China), and S shore of Aru-Tso Lake, E of Lungdo, Ngari, Xizang.	IUCN  Endangered.	Subgenus Conothoa. According to the molecular phylogeny of Yu et al. (2000), the sister species of koslowi is ladacensis.	Kozlovs Pika
13500047	Ochotona ladacensis	Günther 1875	SPECIES			ladacensis	Conothoa	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4 vol.16 p.231			SW Xinjiang, Qinghai, E Tibet (China); Kashmir (India); Pakistan.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Conothoa; but see Niu et al. (2001), who placed it in subgenus Pika as sister to the erythrotis group. See also koslowi above. Broadly sympatric with curzoniae on the Tibetan Plateau, though not so widely distributed.	Ladak Pika
13500116	Lepus americanus subsp. dalli	Merriam 1900	SUBSPECIES		dalli	americanus	Poecilolagus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500076	Ochotona rufescens	Gray 1842	SPECIES			rufescens	Ochotona	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.10 p.266		seiana  Thomas, 1922; vizier Thomas, 1911; vulturina Thomas, 1920; regina Thomas, 1911; shukurovoi Heptner, 1961.	Afghanistan, Baluchistan (Pakistan), Iran, Armenia, and SW Turkmenistan.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc); considered a crop pest and controlled in parts of its range (A. T. Smith et al., 1990).	Subgenus Ochotona. Includes seiana; see A. T. Smith et al. (1990) and comments under O. curzoniae.	Afghan Pika
13500048	Ochotona macrotis	Günther 1875	SPECIES			macrotis	Conothoa	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4 vol.16 p.231		griseus , Blanford, 1875; auritus Blanford, 1875; baltina Thomas, 1922; chinensis Thomas, 1911; sinensis Lydekker, 1912 [lapsus calami according to Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951]; sacana Thomas, 1914; wollastoni Thomas and Hinton, 1922.	Mountainous regions including the Himalayas (Nepal, India) from Bhutan through Tibet, Kunlun (Qinghai, Xinjiang, Sichuan and Yunnan [China]), Karakorum (Pakistan), Hindu Kush (Afghanistan), Pamir, and W Tien Shan Mtns (Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, SE Kazakhstan).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Conothoa. Included in roylei by Gureev (1964), Roberts (1977), Corbet (1978c:68), and Gromov and Baranova (1981:72). Morphological and ecological differences in the area of sympatry first documented by Kawamichi (1971) and Abe (1971), and confirmed by Mitchell (1978, 1981). Weston (1982), Feng and Zheng (1985), and Feng et al. (1986) indicated that macrotis is a distinct species. Yu et al. (2000) consider it a sister species to roylei. Whether the co-type from "Doba" in the Natural History Museum (London) is from C Tibet or W Xinjiang is uncertain.	Large-eared Pika
13500049	Ochotona macrotis subsp. macrotis	Günther 1875	SUBSPECIES		macrotis	macrotis	Conothoa	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4 vol.16 p.231						
13500050	Ochotona macrotis subsp. auritus	Blanford 1875	SUBSPECIES		auritus	macrotis	Conothoa	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha							
13500051	Ochotona macrotis subsp. chinensis	Thomas 1911	SUBSPECIES		chinensis	macrotis	Conothoa	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha							
13500052	Ochotona macrotis subsp. sacana	Thomas 1914	SUBSPECIES		sacana	macrotis	Conothoa	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha							
13500053	Ochotona macrotis subsp. wollastoni	Thomas and Hinton 1922	SUBSPECIES		wollastoni	macrotis	Conothoa	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha							
13500054	Ochotona muliensis	Pen and Feng 1962	SPECIES			muliensis	Conothoa	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha	In Pen et al., Acta Zool. Sinica vol.14 (supplement) p.120, 132			Known only from the vicinity of the type locality.	IUCN  Data Deficient.	Subgenus Conothoa; but see Niu et al. (2001), who placed it in subgenus Pika as sister to brookei in the erythrotis group. This taxon was originally described as a subspecies of O. gloveri, but is now thought to be specifically distinct (Feng and Zheng, 1985; Niu et al., 2001). It differs from gloveri in certain cranial characters, and in habitat (A. T. Smith et al., 1990), but its extreme rarity in collections makes its independent status difficult to demonstrate. Formozov (1997) claimed it to be a junior synonym of gloveri.	Muli Pika
13500055	Ochotona nigritia	Gong et al. 2000	SPECIES			nigritia	Conothoa	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha	Zool. Research vol.21 p.204			Known only from the vicinity of the type locality.	Not Evaluated.	Subgenus Conothoa. Apparently close to O. forresti; may be only a melanistic individual.	Black Pika
13500056	Ochotona nubrica	Thomas 1922	SPECIES			nubrica	Ochotona	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.9 p.187		aliensis  Zheng, 1979; hodgsoni (Blyth, 1841); lhasaensis Feng and Kao, 1974; lama Mitchell and Punzo, 1975.	Southern edge of Tibetan Plateau from Ladak (India, China) through Nepal to E Tibet (China).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Ochotona. Assigned to pusilla by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), to roylei (as O. lama) by Corbet (1978c) and to thibetana (as O. t. lama) by Feng et al. (1986). Recognized as distinct by A. T. Smith et al. (1990), followed by Yu and Zheng (1992a). Its closest relations were thought to be with O. thibetana, but Yu et al. (2000) demonstrated that they are with O. curzoniae. Also see comment under O. roylei.	Nubra Pika
13500057	Ochotona nubrica subsp. nubrica	Thomas 1922	SUBSPECIES		nubrica	nubrica	Ochotona	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.9 p.187						
13500059	Ochotona pallasi	Gray 1867	SPECIES			pallasi	Pika	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3 vol.20 p.220		ogotona (Waterhouse, 1848) [not Pallas, 1778]; ogotona Bohnhote, 1905 [not Pallas, 1778]; opaca Argyropulo, 1939 [not Vinogradov and Argyropulo, 1948; see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951] [not Argyropulo, 1941, see comment under gloveri kamensis]; hamica Thomas, 1912; pricei Thomas, 1911; sunidica Ma et al., 1980.	Discontinuous in arid areas (mtns and high steppes) in Kazakhstan; Altai Mtns, Tuva (Russia), and Mongolia, to Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia and Ningxia (China).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc); but isolated populations of O. p. hamica (IUCN  Critically Endangered), and O. p. sunidica (IUCN  Endangered) are threatened.	Subgenus Pika. Includes pricei (Corbet, 1978c) as it is commonly referred to in Russian literature. However, marked difference in reproduction, habitat, behavior, and vocalization suggest that pallasi and pricei may prove to be specifically distinct (A. T. Smith et al., 1990). The name helanshanensis (Zheng, 1987; in Wang, 1990) is restricted to the Helan Shan (Ninxia, China), and its range is congruent with the only known distribution of O. argentata (all known specimens of argentata and helanshanensis originate from the same 2 X 1.5 km forest patch), and here we consider it to be a synonym of argentata (Formozov, 1997; Formozov et al., In Press). On the basis of molecular evidence, Yu et al. (2000) and Niu et al. (2001) felt that helanshanensis (= argentata) should be treated as a subspecies of O. pallasi, but its molecular distance is too great and at the level of species, and its karyo... [truncated]	Pallass Pika
13500060	Ochotona pallasi subsp. pallasi	Gray 1867	SUBSPECIES		pallasi	pallasi	Pika	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3 vol.20 p.220						
13500061	Ochotona pallasi subsp. hamica	Thomas 1912	SUBSPECIES		hamica	pallasi	Pika	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha							
13500062	Ochotona pallasi subsp. pricei	Thomas 1911	SUBSPECIES		pricei	pallasi	Pika	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha							
13500064	Ochotona princeps	Richardson 1828	SPECIES			princeps	Pika	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha	Zool. J. vol.3 p.520		Allozyme studies revealed 4-5 main groups of populations in this species (Hafner and Sullivan, 1995). Synonyms listed here follow these groupings: <u>(1) Northern  Rockies</u>: cuppes Bangs, 1899; goldmani Howell, 1924; levis Hollister, 1912; lutescens Howell, 1919; obscura Long, 1965; saturata Cowan, 1955; <u>(2) Central Rockies</u>: figginsi Allen, 1912; clamosa Hall and Bowlus, 1938; fuscipes Howell, 1919; howelli Borell, 1931; lemhi Howell, 1919; uinta Hollister, 1912; ventorum Howell, 1919; wasatchensis Durrant and Lee, 1955; <u>(3) Southern Rockies</u>: saxatilis Bangs, 1899; barnesi Durrant and Lee, 1955; incana Howell, 1919; lasalensis Durrant and Lee, 1955; moorei Gardner, 1950; nevadensis Howell, 1919; nigrescens Bailey, 1913; utahensis Hall and Hayward, 1941; <u>(4) Sierra Nevada-Great Basin</u>: schisticeps (Merriam, 1889); albata Grinnell, 1912; cinnamomea Allen, 1905; muiri Grinnell and Storer, 1916; sheltoni Grinnell, 1918; tutelata Hall, 1934; <u>(5) Cascades</u>: taylori Grinnell, 1912; brooksi Howell, 1924; brunnescens Howell, 1919; fenisex Osgood, 1913; fumosa Howell, 1919; jewetti Howell, 1919; littoralis Cowan, 1955; minimus (Lord, 1863) [not Schinz, 1821]; septentrionalis Cowan and Racey, 1947.	Mountains of W North America from C British Columbia (Canada) to N New Mexico, Utah, C Nevada, and EC California (USA).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc); isolated subspecies in the Great Basin: IUCN  Vulnerable (goldmani, lasalensis, nevadensis, nigrescens, obscura, sheltoni, tutelata; A. T. Smith et al., 1990).	Subgenus Pika. Broadbooks (1965) and Youngman (1975) considered princeps and collaris conspecific. Corbet (1978c), following Gureev (1964), included princeps in alpina. A statistical reevaluation of craniometric data by Weston (1981) indicated that princeps, collaris, and alpina are separate species. Hafner and Sullivan (1995) analyzed allozymic variation from 56 populations of princeps, with collaris as outgroup (see above). All but eight of the populations were placed in one of five regional populations, those eight being geographically intermediate. Reviewed by Smith and Weston (1990, Mammalian Species, 352). Allozyme studies revealed 4-5 main groups of populations in this species (Hafner and Sullivan, 1995). Synonyms listed here follow these groupings: (1) Northern Rockies, (2) Central Rockies, (3) Southern Rockies, (4) Sierra Nevada-Great Basin, (5) Cascades.	American Pika
13500065	Ochotona princeps subsp. princeps	Richardson 1828	SUBSPECIES		princeps	princeps	Pika	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha	Zool. J. vol.3 p.520					Allozyme studies revealed 4-5 main groups of populations in this species (Hafner and Sullivan, 1995). This name belongs to the Northern Rockies group.	
13500066	Ochotona princeps subsp. figginsi	Allen 1912	SUBSPECIES		figginsi	princeps	Pika	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha						Allozyme studies revealed 4-5 main groups of populations in this species (Hafner and Sullivan, 1995). This name belongs to the Central Rockies group.	
13500067	Ochotona princeps subsp. saxatilis	Bangs 1899	SUBSPECIES		saxatilis	princeps	Pika	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha						Allozyme studies revealed 4-5 main groups of populations in this species (Hafner and Sullivan, 1995). This name belongs to the Southern Rockies group.	
13500068	Ochotona princeps subsp. schisticeps	Merriam 1889	SUBSPECIES		schisticeps	princeps	Pika	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha						Allozyme studies revealed 4-5 main groups of populations in this species (Hafner and Sullivan, 1995). This name belongs to the Sierra Nevada-Great Basin group.	
13500069	Ochotona princeps subsp. taylori	Grinnell 1912	SUBSPECIES		taylori	princeps	Pika	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha						Allozyme studies revealed 4-5 main groups of populations in this species (Hafner and Sullivan, 1995). This name belongs to the Cascades group.	
13500070	Ochotona pusilla	Pallas 1769	SPECIES			pusilla	Ochotona	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha	Nova Comm. Imp. Acad. Sci. Petropoli vol.13 p.531		minutus  (Pallas, 1771); angustifrons Argyropulo, 1932	Steppes from middle Volga (Russia), east and south through N Kazakhstan to upper Irtysh River and Chinese border. Not yet recorded in China.	IUCN  Vulnerable (classification refers to subspecies O. p. pusilla only; Formozov, pers. comm).	Subgenus Ochotona (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951). Formerly included O. nubrica (= lama), O. forresti, and O. osgoodi (a subspecies of thibetana); see comments therein.	Steppe Pika
13500071	Ochotona pusilla subsp. pusilla	Pallas 1769	SUBSPECIES		pusilla	pusilla	Ochotona	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha	Nova Comm. Imp. Acad. Sci. Petropoli vol.13 p.531						
13500152	Lepus castroviejoi	Palacios 1976 "1977"	SPECIES			castroviejoi	Eulagos	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Doñana, Acta Vertebr. vol.1976, 3 2 p.205			Cantabrian Mtns between Sierra de Ancares and Sierra de Peña Labra (N Spain).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Subgenus Eulagos (Averianov, 1998). Reviewed by Palacios (1983, 1989) and Bonhomme et al. (1986).	Broom Hare
13500073	Ochotona roylei	Ogilby 1839	SPECIES			roylei	Conothoa	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha	Royle's Illus. Botany...Himalaya vol.2 p.69, pl. 4 [erroneously labeled "Lagomys alpinus"]		angdawai  Biswas and Khajuria, 1955; mitchelli Agrawal and Chakraborty, 1971; wardi Bonhote, 1904; nepalensis Hodgson, 1841.	Himalayan Mtns in NW Pakistan and India to Nepal; adjacent Tibet (China).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Conothoa. Includes angdawai and mitchelli, but not forresti and himalayana, which are here provisionally considered distinct; see comments therein. O. hodgsoni Blyth, 1841 is traditionally placed here, but based on the original description it is a synonym of nubrica.	Royles Pika
13500074	Ochotona roylei subsp. roylei	Ogilby 1839	SUBSPECIES		roylei	roylei	Conothoa	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha	Royle's Illus. Botany...Himalaya vol.2 p.69, pl. 4 [erroneously labeled "Lagomys alpinus"]						
13500075	Ochotona roylei subsp. nepalensis	Hodgson 1841	SUBSPECIES		nepalensis	roylei	Conothoa	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha							
13500091	Prolagus sardus	Wagner 1832	SPECIES			sardus		Prolagus	Prolagidae	Lagomorpha	Abh. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. vol.1 p.763-767			Mediterranean Isles of Corsica (France) and Sardinia (Italy); adjacent small islands.	IUCN  Extinct.	Described from fossils, but apparently survived until historic times (Vigne, 1983), perhaps as late as 1774 (Kurtén, 1968). Reviewed by Dawson (1969).	Sardinian Pika
13500077	Ochotona rufescens subsp. rufescens	Gray 1842	SUBSPECIES		rufescens	rufescens	Ochotona	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.10 p.266						
13500080	Ochotona rutila	Severtzov 1873	SPECIES			rutila	Conothoa	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha	Izv. Obshch. Lyubit. Estestvozn. vol.8 2 p.83			Isolated ranges from the Pamirs (Tajikistan) to Tien Shan (SE Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, SE Kazakhstan); perhaps N Afghanistan and E Xinjiang (China). Zhang et al. (1997) recorded it from Batang, Sichuan province, but this seems unlikely, and the record may be based on a misidentified gloveri.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc); however, sporadically distributed throughout its range, and common in only a few localities (A. T. Smith et al., 1990).	Subgenus Conothoa. Apparently an allospecies of O. erythrotis, which has sometimes been included in rutila; see comments therein.	Turkestan Red Pika
13700766	Uropsilus soricipes	Milne-Edwards 1871	SPECIES			soricipes		Uropsilus	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	In David, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, Bull. vol.7 p.92			C Sichuan (China).	IUCN  Endangered.	Formerly included andersoni, gracilis, and investigator, according to Ellerman and Morrision-Scott (1966), but see Hoffmann (1984). Gureev (1979) listed these as distinct species without comment.	Chinese Shrew Mole
13500081	Ochotona thibetana	Milne-Edwards 1871	SPECIES			thibetana	Ochotona	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha	Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, Bull. vol.7 p.93		hodgsoni  Bonhote, 1905; zappeyi Thomas, 1922; nangqenica Zheng et al., 1980; osgoodi Anthony, 1941; sacraria Thomas, 1923; sikimaria Thomas, 1922.	Shanxi, Shaanxi, W Hubei, Yunnan, Sichuan, S Tibet (China); N Burma; Sikkim (India); perhaps adjacent Bhutan and India.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc); however, O. t. sikimaria of Sikkim is IUCN  Critically Endangered (A. T. Smith et al., 1990).	Subgenus Ochotona. Formerly included cansus, forresti, huangensis, and nubrica; see comments therein. The taxon aliensis, originally described as a subspecies of thibetana, is now considered a synonym of nubrica (Feng et al., 1986; A. T. Smith et al., 1990). O. osgoodi, described as a distinct species by Anthony (1941), was listed as a subspecies of O. pusilla by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), and subsequently allocated to thibetana by Corbet (1978c) and Weston (1982). The isolated subspecies sikimaria was assigned to cansus by Feng and Kao (1974), Feng and Zheng (1985), and Zhang et al. (1997), but transferred to thibetana by A. T. Smith et al. (1990); it may deserve full species status. Erbajeva (1988:190-191) considered cansus and sikimaria subspecies of thibetana, as well as lhasaensis, here placed in nubrica; moreover, she t... [truncated]	Moupin Pika
13500082	Ochotona thibetana subsp. thibetana	Milne-Edwards 1871	SUBSPECIES		thibetana	thibetana	Ochotona	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha	Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, Bull. vol.7 p.93						
13500083	Ochotona thibetana subsp. nangqenica	Zheng et al. 1980	SUBSPECIES		nangqenica	thibetana	Ochotona	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha							
13500084	Ochotona thibetana subsp. osgoodi	Anthony 1941	SUBSPECIES		osgoodi	thibetana	Ochotona	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha							
13500085	Ochotona thibetana subsp. sacraria	Thomas 1923	SUBSPECIES		sacraria	thibetana	Ochotona	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha							
13500086	Ochotona thibetana subsp. sikimaria	Thomas 1922	SUBSPECIES		sikimaria	thibetana	Ochotona	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha							
13500087	Ochotona thomasi	Argyropulo 1948	SPECIES			thomasi	Ochotona	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha	Trudy Zool. Inst. Leningrad vol.7 p.127		ciliana  Bannikov, 1940.	NE Qinghai, Gansu, and Sichuan (China).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Ochotona. Widely sympatric with the similar O. cansus.	Thomass Pika
13500088	Ochotona turuchanensis	Naumov 1934	SPECIES			turuchanensis	Pika	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha	Mlekopitayushchie Tungusskovo Okrug [Mammals of the Tungus region]. Trudy Polyarnoe Komissii, Akad. Nauk vol.17 p.38			From middle to lower Yenesei River eastward to middle Lena River and Lake Baikal; the Middle Siberian Plateau and adjacent Lena River basin (Lissovsky, 2002).	Not Evaluated.	Subgenus Pika. This newly recognized species is widely sympatric with O. hyperborea over much of its range.	Turuchan Pika
13500089	Prolagidae	Gureev 1964	FAMILY						Prolagidae	Lagomorpha	Fauna SSSR. Mlekopitayushchie, Zaitseobraznye [Fauna of the USSR. Mammals, Lagomorpha] vol.III 10 p.49						
13500090	Prolagus	Pomel 1853	GENUS					Prolagus	Prolagidae	Lagomorpha	Cat. Meth. Desc. Vert. Foss. dans le Bassin Hydro. Super. de la Loire et Surt. la Val. Aff. Prin. l'Allier. Paris. p.43	Anoema aeningensis König, 1825 (fossil).	Anoema  König, 1825; Archaeomys Fraas, 1856; Lagomys G. Cuvier, 1800; Myolagus Hensel, 1856.			Previously considered a subfamily (Gureev, 1964), but elevated by Erbajeva (1988, 1994) to family Prolagidae. Reviewed by Tobien (1975).	
13500094	Brachylagus idahoensis	Merriam 1891	SPECIES			idahoensis		Brachylagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	N. Am. Fauna vol.5 p.76			SW Oregon to EC California, SW Utah, N to SW Montana (USA). Isolated population in WC Washington (USA).	U. S. ESA  Endangered for isolated population in Washington (Columbia River Basin); IUCN  Lower Risk (nt), species-wide; yet recently species is in decline.	Formerly included in Sylvilagus; but see Corbet (1983). Placed in the monotypic genus Brachylagus by Dawson (1967) and, together with bachmani, in the genus Microlagus by Gureev (1964:170-173); but also see Hall (1981:294), who recognized Brachylagus as a subgenus. This species is widely sympatric with Sylvilagus nuttallii, and perhaps overlaps narrowly with S. audubonii. It has been interpreted as either a primitive rabbit (Hibbard, 1963), or as derived from Sylvilagus (Corbet, 1983). Reviewed by Green and Flinders (1980, Mammalian Species, 125).	Pygmy Rabbit
13500096	Bunolagus monticularis	Thomas 1903	SPECIES			monticularis		Bunolagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.11 p.78			C Karoo (31E22'S, 22EE), Western Cape Prov. (South Africa).	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Reviewed by Petter (1972b). Formerly in Lepus (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951), but returned to Bunolagus by Angermann (1966). Karyological evidence supports the separation of Bunolagus (2n=44) from Lepus (2n=48) (Robinson and Dippenaar, 1987; Robinson and Skinner, 1983); its closest relatives are probably Pronolagus (Corbet, 1983).	Riverine Rabbit
13500097	Caprolagus	Blyth 1845	GENUS					Caprolagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.14 p.247	Lepus hispidus Pearson, 1839.					
13500098	Caprolagus hispidus	Pearson 1838 "1839"	SPECIES			hispidus		Caprolagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	In M'Clelland, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1838 p.152			S Himalaya foothills from Uttar Pradesh (India) through Nepal and West Bengal to Assam (India), and south through NW Bangladesh. Since 1951 there have been very few reports from Uttar Pradesh and Assam; see Santapau and Humayun (1960), Mallinson (1971), and Ghose (1978). Presently known distribution summarized by Bell et al. (1990).	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered, and IUCN  Endangered.		Hispid Hare
13500099	Lepus	Linnaeus 1758	GENUS					Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.57	Lepus timidus Linnaeus, 1758.	Allolagus  Ognev, 1929; Boreolagus Barrett-Hamilton, 1911; Chionobates Kaup, 1829; Eulagos Gray, 1867; Eulepus Acloque, 1899; Indolagus Gureev, 1953; Lagos Palmer, 1904; Macrotolagus Mearns, 1895; Poecilolagus Lyon, 1904; Proeulagus Gureev, 1964; Sabanolagus Averianov, 1998; Sinolagus Averianov, 1998; Tarimolagus Gureev, 1947 [Pavlinov et al., 1995b].			Formerly included Bunolagus; see Petter (1972b); and originally all other genera (Brachylagus, Caprolagus, Macrotolagus, Poelagus, Pronolagus, Romerolagus, Sylvilagus) in Leporidae except Pentalagus. The taxonomy of this genus remains controversial. L. crawshayi (including whytei), peguensis, ruficaudatus, and siamensis have been variously treated as separate species or have been included in nigricollis. L. europaeus, corsicanus, granatensis, mediterraneus, tolai, and tibetanus have been placed in capensis or treated as distinct species; see comments therein. For synonyms see (Pavlinov et al., 1995b).	
13500100	Lepus	Linnaeus 1758	SUBGENUS				Lepus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.57	Lepus timidus Linnaeus, 1758.					
13500101	Macrotolagus	Mearns 1895	SUBGENUS				Macrotolagus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500102	Poecilolagus	Lyon 1904	SUBGENUS				Poecilolagus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500109	Lepus alleni	Mearns 1890	SPECIES			alleni	Macrotolagus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.2 p.294		palitans  Bangs, 1900; tiburonensis Townsend, 1912.	SC Arizona (USA) to N Nayarit and Tiburon Isl (Mexico).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Macrotolagus (Gureev (1964:155). Probably related to callotis, but recognized as a distinct species by Hall (1981:331). Reviewed by Best and Henry (1993a, Mammalian Species, 424).	Antelope Jackrabbit
13500110	Lepus alleni subsp. alleni	Mearns 1890	SUBSPECIES		alleni	alleni	Macrotolagus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.2 p.294						
13500111	Lepus alleni subsp. tiburonensis	Townsend 1912	SUBSPECIES		tiburonensis	alleni	Macrotolagus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500112	Lepus americanus	Erxleben 1777	SPECIES			americanus	Poecilolagus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Syst. Regni Anim. vol.1 p.330		bishopi J. A. Allen, 1899; columbianus Rhoads, 1895; hudsonius Pallas, 1778; nanus Schreber, 1790 [composite]; pallidus Cowan, 1938; phaeonotus J. A. Allen, 1899; bairdii Hayden, 1869; pineus Dalquest, 1942; seclusus Baker and Hankins, 1950; setzeri Baker, 1959; cascadensis Nelson, 1907; klamathensis Merriam, 1899; oregonus Orr, 1934; tahoensis Orr, 1933; dalli Merriam, 1900; macfarlani Merriam, 1900; niediecki Matschie, 1907; saliens Osgood, 1900; struthopus Bangs, 1898; virginianus Harlan, 1825; borealis Schinz, 1845; wardi Schinz, 1825; washingtoni Baird, 1855.	S and C Alaska (USA) to S and C coasts of Hudson Bay to Newfoundland and Anacosti Isl (introduced) (Canada), south to S Appalachians, S Michigan, North Dakota, NC New Mexico, SC Utah, and EC California (USA).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Poecilolagus (Gureev, 1964; Averianov, 1998). Distinctive small species, but subgeneric separation not supported Hall (1981:314).	Snowshoe Hare
13500117	Lepus americanus subsp. struthopus	Bangs 1898	SUBSPECIES		struthopus	americanus	Poecilolagus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500119	Lepus arcticus	Ross 1819	SPECIES			arcticus	Lepus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Voy. Discovery, II; ed. 2 vol.App. IV p.170		andersoni  Nelson, 1934; banksicola Manning and Macpherson, 1958; canus Preble, 1902; glacialis Leach, 1819; bangsii Rhoads, 1896; labradorius Miller, 1899; groenlandicus Rhoads, 1896; hyperboreus Pedersen, 1930 [not Pallas, 1811]; persimilis Nelson, 1934; porsildi Nelson, 1934; monstrabilis Nelson, 1934; hubbardi Handley, 1952.	Greenland and Canadian arctic islands southward in open tundra to WC shore of Hudson Bay, thence northwest to the west of Fort Anderson on coast of Arctic Ocean. Isolated populations in tundra of N Quebec and Labrador, and on Newfoundland (Canada).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Lepus (Averianov, 1998). Formerly included in timidus by Gureev (1964), Angermann (1967), Honacki et al. (1982), and Dixon et al. (1983), but considered distinct by Corbet (1978c), Hall (1981), A. J. Baker et al. (1983), and Flux and Angermann (1990). Reviewed by Best and Henry (1994a, Mammalian Species, 457).	Arctic Hare
13500124	Lepus brachyurus	Temminck 1845	SPECIES			brachyurus		Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	In Siebold, Fauna Japonica vol.1(Mamm.) p.44, pl. 11		angustidens  Hollister, 1912; etigo Abe, 1918; lyoni Kishida, 1937; okiensis Thomas, 1906.	Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Oki Isls and Sado Isl (Japan).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus uncertain. Gureev (1964:150) and Gromov and Baranova (1981:63) placed this species in genus Caprolagus, subgenus Allolagus, but Averianov (1998) in subgenus Eulagos; see also comment under mandshuricus. Hirikawa et al. (1992) analyzed variation in the insular populations of L. b. okiensis. Reviewed by Imaizumi (1970b).	Japanese Hare
13500125	Lepus brachyurus subsp. brachyurus	Temminck 1845	SUBSPECIES		brachyurus	brachyurus		Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	In Siebold, Fauna Japonica vol.1(Mamm.) p.44, pl. 11						
13500126	Lepus brachyurus subsp. angustidens	Hollister 1912	SUBSPECIES		angustidens	brachyurus		Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500129	Lepus californicus	Gray 1837	SPECIES			californicus		Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Mag. Nat. Hist. [Charlesworth's] vol.1 p.586		bennettii  Gray, 1843; martirensis Stowell, 1895; richardsonii Bachman, 1839; tularensis Merriam, 1904; vigilax Dice, 1926; deserticola Mearns, 1896; depressus Hall and Witlow, 1932; wallawalla Merriam, 1904; insularis Bryant, 1891; edwardsi St. Loup, 1895; magdalenae Nelson, 1907; sheldoni Burt, 1933; xanti Thomas, 1898; melanotis Mearns, 1890; altamirae Nelson, 1907; curti Hall, 1951; merriami Mearns, 1896; texianus Waterhouse, 1848; asellus Miller, 1899; eremicus J. Allen, 1894; festinus Nelson, 1904; griseus Mearns, 1896; micropus J. Allen, 1903.	Hidalgo and S Queretaro to N Sonora and Baja California (Mexico), north to SW Oregon and C Washington, S Idaho, E Colorado, S South Dakota, W Missouri, and NW Arkansas (USA). Apparently isolated population in SW Montana.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Proeulagus (Gureev, 1964:193), or Eulagos (Averianov, 1998). Chromosomes described by Cervantes et al. (1999-2000). Reviewed by Best (1996, Mammalian Species, 530).	Black-tailed Jackrabbit
13500130	Lepus californicus subsp. californicus	Gray 1837	SUBSPECIES		californicus	californicus		Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Mag. Nat. Hist. [Charlesworth's] vol.1 p.586						
13500131	Lepus californicus subsp. deserticola	Mearns 1896	SUBSPECIES		deserticola	californicus		Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500132	Lepus californicus subsp. insularis	Bryant 1891	SUBSPECIES		insularis	californicus		Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500133	Lepus californicus subsp. magdalenae	Nelson 1907	SUBSPECIES		magdalenae	californicus		Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500134	Lepus californicus subsp. melanotis	Mearns 1890	SUBSPECIES		melanotis	californicus		Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500135	Lepus californicus subsp. texianus	Waterhouse 1848	SUBSPECIES		texianus	californicus		Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500136	Lepus callotis	Wagler 1830	SPECIES			callotis		Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Naturliches Syst. Amphibien p.23		mexicanus  Lichtenstein, 1830; nigricaudatus Bennett, 1833; gaillardi Mearns, 1896; battyi J. Allen, 1903.	C Oaxaca (Mexico) north discontinuously to SW New Mexico (USA).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Proeulagus (Gureev, 1964), or Macrotolagus (Averianov, 1998). Includes gaillardi and mexicanus; see Anderson and Gaunt (1962) and Hall (1981:328-330); but see also Gureev (1964:192, 195). Range allopatric with L. alleni, to which it is probably related. Karyotype reported by Gonzalez and Cervantes (1996). Reviewed by Best and Henry (1993b, Mammalian Species, 442).	White-sided Jackrabbit
13500139	Lepus capensis	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			capensis		Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Sys. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.58		<u>South Africa</u>: arenarius  Geoffroy, 1826; centralis Thomas, 1903; ochropoides Roberts, 1929; ochropus Wagner, 1844; aquilo Thomas and Wroughton, 1907; bedfordi Roberts, 1932; hartensis Roberts, 1932; ermeloensis Roberts, 1932; vernayi Roberts, 1932; carpi Lundholm, 1955; salai Jentink, 1880; granti Thomas and Schwann, 1904; kalaharicus Dollman, 1910; langi Roberts, 1932; major Grill, 1860; mandatus Thomas, 1926; narranus Thomas, 1926.<u> East Africa</u>:<u> </u>aegyptius Desmarest, 1822; abbotti Hollister, 1918; chadensis Thomas and Wroughton, 1907; dinderus Setzer, 1956; hawkeri Thomas, 1901; isabellinus Cretzschmar, 1826; aethiopicus Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1833; sinaiticus Ehrenberg, 1833; innesi de Winton, 1902; rothschildi de Winton, 1902. <u>Arabia and Near East</u>: arabicus Ehrenberg, 1833; atallahi Harrison, 1972; cheesmani Thomas, 1921; jefferyi Harrison, 1980; omanensis Thomas, 1894. <u>Northwest Africa (Mahgreb)</u>: schlumbergeri Remy-St. Loup, 1894; harterti Thomas, 1903; kabylicus de Winton, 1898; pallidior Barrett-Hamilton, 1898; pediaeus Cabrera, 1923; sefranus Thomas, 1913; tunetae de Winton, 1898; atlanticus de Winton, 1898; maroccanus Cabrera, 1906; sherif Cabrera, 1906; whitakeri Thomas, 1902. <u>Not allocated to subspecies</u>: barcaeus Ghigi, 1920.	As construed in the past, a single species (capensis sensu lato) inhabits Africa and the Near East in two separate, non-forested areas: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, S Angola, S Zambia (?), Mozambique; and to the north, Tanzania, Kenya, Somalia, Ethiopia, countries of the Sahel and Sahara, and N Africa; thence eastward through the Sinai to the Arabian Peninsula, Jordan, S Syria, S Israel and W and S Iraq, west of the Euphrates River (Harrison and Bates, 1991; Hufnagl, 1972; Kingdon, 1997; Kowalski and Rezebik-Kowalska, 1991; Smith, 1985). However, there is no evidence of gene flow between the South African populations, and those "capensis" in East, West and North Africa, and the intervening areas are inhabited by other species of Lepus, particularly L. microtis). Herein, the name capensis will be restricted to the South African hare, and other names applied to East and North African, and Arabian-Near Eastern hares. This informal subdivision of capensis sensu lato creates four groups that might be considered as distinct species. However, pending sufficient data at this point to support a formal revision, this arrangement best reflects the poorly known relationships of the taxa.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Proeulagus (Gureev, 1964:202) or Eulagos (Averianov, 1998). Includes arabicus; formerly included europaeus, corsicanus, granatensis, and tolai; see Corbet (1978c: 71), Angermann (1983:20), and Harrison and Bates (1991). Formerly included habessinicus, but Azzaroli-Puccetti (1987a, b) considered habessinicus distinct. The enigmatic form connori, often placed in capensis (Corbet, 1978c; Harrison and Bates, 1991) is provisionally placed in europaeus on the basis of pelage characteristics; see Angermann (1983:19). Most Russian authors consider tolai (including tibetanus) a distinct species; see Gromov and Baranova (1981:65); but also see Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987:229). Sludskii et al. (1980:58, 85) indicated an area of sympatry between europaeus and tolai in Kazakhstan. Sokolov and Orlov (1980:85) considered tibetanus a distinct spec... [truncated]	Cape Hare
13500140	Lepus capensis subsp. capensis	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		capensis	capensis		Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Sys. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.58						
13500144	Lepus capensis subsp. aegyptius	Desmarest 1822	SUBSPECIES		aegyptius	capensis		Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha						Part of a group of subspecies from East Africa.	
13500153	Lepus comus	Allen 1927	SPECIES			comus	Eulagos	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.284 p.9		peni  Wang and Luo, 1985; pygmaeus Wang and Feng, 1985.	Yunnan, W Guizhou (China).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Eulagos (Averianov, 1998). Formerly included in oiostolus; see Corbet (1978c). Elevated to specific status by Cai and Feng (1982) and Wang et al. (1985), on the basis of morphological and ecological differences. May be allo- or parapatric with oiostolus. Possibly related to nigricollis (Flux and Angermann, 1990).	Yunnan Hare
13500154	Lepus coreanus	Thomas 1892	SPECIES			coreanus	Eulagos	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.9 p.146			Korea; S Kirin, S Liaoning, E Heilungjiang (China).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Eulagos (Averianov, 1998). Formerly included in sinensis (Corbet, 1978c) or in brachyurus (Kim and Kim, 1974); here considered distinct, following Flux and Angermann (1990) and Jones and Johnson (1965).	Korean Hare
13500155	Lepus corsicanus	de Winton 1898	SPECIES			corsicanus	?Eulagos	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.1 p.155			Italy from the Abruzzo Mtns southward; Sicily; introduced into Corsica no later than 16th Century (Vigne, 1988).	Not Evaluated; likely to be listed as one of the IUCN threatened categories upon evaluation, due to probable reduction in numbers and range due to over-hunting and introduction of L. europeaus (Palacios et al., 1989; Pierpaoli et al., 1999).	Subgenus probably Eulagos. Formerly included in capensis or europaeus; see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) and Petter (1961a); but see also Palacios et al. (1989) and Pierpaoli et al. (1999) who provided evidence of their specific distinctness.	Corsican Hare
13500156	Lepus europaeus	Pallas 1778	SPECIES			europaeus	Eulagos	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Nova Spec. Quad. Glir. Ord. p.30		alba  Bechstein, 1801; argenteogrisea König-Warthausen, 1875; cyanotus Blanchard, 1957; flavus Bechstein, 1801; niger Bechstein, 1801; pyrenaicus Hilzheimer, 1906; caspicus Hemprich and Erhenberg, 1832; kalmykorum Ognev, 1929; connori Robinson, 1918; astaricus Baloutch, 1978; iranensis Goodwin, 1939; creticus Barrett-Hamilton, 1903; cyprius Barrett-Hamilton 1903; cyrensis Satunin, 1905; caucasicus Ognev, 1929; ghigi de Beaux, 1927; hybridus Desmarest, 1822; aquilonius Blasius, 1842; biarmicus Heptner, 1948; borealis Kuznetsov, 1944 (not Pallas, 1778; not Nilsson, 1820); campestris Bogdanov, 1871; hyemalis Tumac, 1850; tesquorum Ognev and Worobiev, 1923; tumac Tichomirov and Kortchagin, 1889; judeae Gray, 1867; karpathorum Hilzheimer, 1906; medius Nilsson, 1820; occidentalis de Winton, 1898; parnassius Miller, 1903; niethammeri Wettstein, 1943; ponticus Ognev, 1929; rhodius Festa, 1914; syriacus Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1832; transsylvanicus Matschie, 1901; campicola Gervais, 1859 [nomen nudum]; cinereus Fitzinger, 1867 [nomen nudum]; coronatus Fitzinger, 1867 [nomen nudum]; laskerewi Khomenko, 1916; maculatus Fitzinger, 1867 [nomen nudum]; meridiei Hilzheimer, 1906 [nomen nudum]; meridionalis Gervais, 1859 [nomen nudum]; nigricans Fitzinger, 1867 [nomen nudum]; rufus, Fitzinger, 1867 [nomen nudum]; transsylvaticus Hilzheimer, 1906.	Open woodland, steppe and sub-desert: from S Sweden and Finland to Britain, throughout Europe (not Iberian Penin. south of Cantabria and the Ebro River, or south of Siena in Italy), to W Siberian lowlands; south to N Israel, N Syria, N Iraq, the Tigris-Euphrates valley and W Iran. SE border of range (Iran) from S Caspian Sea south to Persian Gulf (54EE); see Angerman (1983:19). Introduced to Ireland, SE Canada-NE USA, S South America, Australia, New Zealand and several islands, including Barbados, Réunion, and the Falklands.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc); however, this once common species is now declining across Europe and a reevaluation of its status is likely to place it in one of the IUCN threatened categories (Schneider, 1997).	Subgenus Eulagus (Averianov, 1998; Gromov and Baranova, 1981; Gureev, 1964). This species was earlier placed in capensis by Petter (1961a) based on what was interpreted as a cline in morphological characters (mainly size) from NE Africa eastward across the N Arabian peninsula and the Middle East, and northward through Israel to Turkey. Sympatry between large "europaeus" and small "capensis" (= tolai) in Kazakhstan, without evidence of hybridization (Sludskii et al., 1980) was interpreted as overlapping ends of a Rassenkreis. Angermann's (1983) re-analysis indicated a marked discontinuity between smaller "capensis" (incl. arabicus) and larger europaeus running from the E Mediterranean coast (C Israel) through Iran, and on this basis we separate europaeus from capensis and tolai. East of the border of the range of europaeus in Iran, tolai occurs, apparently in allo- or parapatry with europaeus</... [truncated]	European Hare
13500157	Lepus europaeus subsp. europaeus	Pallas 1778	SUBSPECIES		europaeus	europaeus	Eulagos	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Nova Spec. Quad. Glir. Ord. p.30						
13500158	Lepus europaeus subsp. caspicus	Hemprich and Erhenberg 1832	SUBSPECIES		caspicus	europaeus	Eulagos	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500160	Lepus europaeus subsp. creticus	Barrett-Hamilton 1903	SUBSPECIES		creticus	europaeus	Eulagos	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500173	Lepus fagani	Thomas 1902 "1903"	SPECIES			fagani	Sabanalagus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1902 2 p.315			N and W Ethiopia, and adjacent SE Sudan, south to extreme NW Kenya.	IUCN  Data Deficient.	Subgenus Sabanalagus (Avarianov, 1998). Formerly included in crawshayi (= victoriae = microtis) by Gureev (1964:204), but Azzaroli-Puccetti (1987a, b) maintained its specific identity. Its known distribution is largely allo- or parapatric to that of microtis; may be a highland allospecies (Flux and Angermann, 1990).	Ethiopian Hare
13500199	Lepus oiostolus subsp. pallipes	Hodgson 1842	SUBSPECIES		pallipes	oiostolus		Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500174	Lepus flavigularis	Wagner 1844	SPECIES			flavigularis		Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	In Schreber, Die Säugethiere ... vol.Suppl. 4 p.106			Coastal plains and bordering foothills on south end of Isthmus of Tehuantepec (Oaxaca, Mexico), along Pacific coast to Chiapas (Mexico); now restricted to small area between Salina Cruz, Oaxaca, and extreme W Chiapas.	IUCN  Endangered; likely to be reclassified as IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Subgenus Proeulagus (Gureev, 1964:193) or Macrotolagus (Averianov, 1998). Closely related to callotis, with which it has an isolated allopatric distribution; see Anderson and Gaunt (1962); also see Hall (1981:330). Karyotype reported by Uribe-Alcocer et al. (1989). Reviewed by Cervantes (1993, Mammalian Species, 423).	Tehuantepec Jackrabbit
13500201	Lepus othus	Merriam 1900	SPECIES			othus	Lepus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. vol.2 p.28		poadromus  Merriam, 1900; tschuktschorum Nordquist, 1883 [see comments].	W and SW Alaska (USA); formerly perhaps northwestward to Pt. Barrow; as here interpreted, also E Chukotsk (Russia); if this is verified, tschuktschorum Nordquist, 1883 has priority.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Lepus (Averianov, 1998). Formerly included in arcticus or timidus (see comments therein). Regarded as distinct by Hall (1981) and by Flux and Angermann (1990), who, however, followed A. J. Baker et al. (1983) in allying populations from Eastern Siberia (Chukotka) (tschuktschorum Nordquist, 1883) with Alaskan populations; but see also Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987). Reviewed by Anderson (1974) who found that othus was closer morphologically to townsendii than to other northern hares. More work is required to determine whether Eastern Siberian populations are linked to L. othus or to L. timidus. If the former relationship is supported, then tschuktschorum Nordquist, 1883 has priority over othus Merriam, 1900. Reviewed by Best and Henry (1994b, Mammalian Species, 458).	Alaskan Hare
13500175	Lepus granatensis	Rosenhauer 1856	SPECIES			granatensis	?Eulagos	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Die Thiere Andalusiens p.3		hispanicus  Fitzinger, 1867; iturissius, Miller, 1907; lilfordi de Winton, 1898; meridionalis Graells, 1897; gallaecius Miller, 1907; solisi Palacios and Fernández, 1992. <u>Not allocated to subspecies</u>: mediterraneus Wagner, 1841 [see comments]; mediterraneus Machado, 1869; typicus Hilzheimer, 1906.	Iberian Peninsula, except NE and NC parts (Spain, Portugal); Mallorca (Balearic Isl, Spain).	Not Evaluated.	Subgenus probably Eulagus. Formerly included in europaeus or capensis; but see Palacios (1983, 1989), and Bonhomme et al. (1986). The Majorcan population (solisi) is thought to have been introduced by humans (Palacios and Fernández, 1992). The population in Sardinia, to which the names mediterraneus Wagner, 1841) and typicus Hilzheimer, 1906, are applied, is assigned to this species based on Miller (1912a), who regared it as closest to granatensis, though he retained it as a "...very distinct species" (pg. 514) because of its small size, but its status needs investigation, as do populations from the NW African coast that have been assigned to "capensis". To date there appears not to be any definitive study of these populations. However, if in future mediterraneus is confirmed as a synonym of granatensis, it has priority over granatensis.	Granada Hare
13500176	Lepus granatensis subsp. granatensis	Rosenhauer 1856	SUBSPECIES		granatensis	granatensis	?Eulagos	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Die Thiere Andalusiens p.3						
13500177	Lepus granatensis subsp. gallaecius	Miller 1907	SUBSPECIES		gallaecius	granatensis	?Eulagos	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500178	Lepus granatensis subsp. solisi	Palacios and Fernández 1992	SUBSPECIES		solisi	granatensis	?Eulagos	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500179	Lepus habessinicus	Hemprich and Ehrenberg 1832	SPECIES			habessinicus		Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Symbolae Physicae vol.Mammalia dec. 2 p.folio p, page 2, plate 15, f. 2		abyssinicus  Lefebvre, 1850; berberanus Heuglin, 1861; cordeauxi Drake-Brockman, 1911; crispii Drake-Brockman, 1911; somalensis Heuglin, 1861; tigrensis Blanford, 1869.	Djibouti, E Ethiopia, Somalia, perhaps NE Kenya.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus undetermined. "This hare apparently replaces the Cape hare in the open grassland, steppe, savanna and desert habitats..." (Flux and Angermann, 1990) in the Horn of Africa. Azzaroli-Puccetti (1987 a, b) provides evidence of full species status. "... appears to be sympatric with capensis [hawkeri] and crawshayi [microtus] in...Somalia and Ethiopia." (Petter, 1972:4).	Abyssinian Hare
13500180	Lepus hainanus	Swinhoe 1870	SPECIES			hainanus	Indolagus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1870 p.233			Lowlands of Hainan Isl (China).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Subgenus Indolagus. Placed in Caprolagus (Indolagus) by Gureev (1964:146). Considered a subspecies of peguensis by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951); Flux and Angermann (1990) recommended provisional specific status, as did Gureev (1964).	Hainan Hare
13500181	Lepus insularis	W. Bryant 1891	SPECIES			insularis	Proeulagus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Proc. California Acad. Sci., ser. 2 vol.3 p.92		edwardsi  Saint-Loup, 1895.	Restricted to the type locality.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Proeulagus (Gureev, 1964:195). Insular melanic allospecies, related to californicus; see Hall (1981:328) and Dixon et al. (1983). Chromosomes, which differ from those of L. californicus, are described by Cervantes et al. (1999-2000). Reviewed by Cervantes et al. (1996a), and Thomas and Best (1994b, Mammalian Species, 465).	Black Jackrabbit
13500210	Lepus sinensis	Gray 1832	SPECIES			sinensis	Sinolagus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Illustr. Indian Zool. vol.2 p.pl. 20		flaviventris  G. Allen, 1927; formosus Thomas, 1908; yuenshanensis Shih, 1930.	SE China from Yangtse River southward; Taiwan; disjunct in NE Vietnam.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Sinolagus (Averianov, 1998). Placed in Caprolagus (Indolagus) by Gureev (1964:143). Formerly included coreanus; see Corbet (1978c: 73); here considered distinct, following Flux and Angermann (1990).	Chinese Hare
13800333	Pteropus melanotus subsp. modiglianii	Thomas 1894	SUBSPECIES		modiglianii	melanotus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						melanotus species group.	
13500182	Lepus mandshuricus	Radde 1861	SPECIES			mandshuricus	Eulagos	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Melanges Biol. Acad. St. Petersbourg vol.3 p.684		melainus  Li and Luo, 1979; melanonotus Ognev, 1922.	Ussuri region (Russia); NE China; extreme NE Korea.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Eulagos (Averianov, 1998). Distinct from brachyurus; see Angermann (1966, 1983); placed in Caprolagus (Allolagus) brachyurus by Gureev (1964:150); followed by Gromov and Baranova (1981:63). Melanic individuals known since at least the time of Sowerby (1923) have been given the specific designation melainus (Li and Luo, 1979). The range of this taxon is entirely within that of mandshuricus, and we provisionally retain them in that species, although Flux and Angermann (1990) recognized melainus. L. mandshuricus and L. coreanus are parapatric in distribution in NE Korea/SE Heilungjiang, but are described as occupying different habitats; the former, mixed forest in hilly country, the latter, both forest and cultivated land, primarily in the plains (Flux and Angermann, 1990). Moreover, mandshuricus is sympatric with another forest species, timidus, and with the plains species, tolai... [truncated]	Manchurian Hare
13500200	Lepus oiostolus subsp. przewalskii	Satunin 1907	SUBSPECIES		przewalskii	oiostolus		Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13800305	Pteropus hypomelanus subsp. robinsoni	K. Andersen 1909	SUBSPECIES		robinsoni	hypomelanus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						subnigerspecies group.	
13500183	Lepus microtis	Heuglin 1865	SPECIES			microtis	Sabanalagus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol., Halle, 24 vol.Leopoldiana, 5 p.32		crawshayi  de Winton, 1899; kakumegae Heller, 1912; raineyi Heller, 1912; victoriae Thomas, 1893; angolensis Thomas, 1904; ansorgei Thomas and Wroughton, 1905; canopus Thomas and Hinton, 1921; meridionalis Monard, 1933; zairensis Hatt, 1935; senegalensis Rochebrune, 1883; zechi Matschie, 1899; whytei Thomas, 1894; herero Thomas, 1926; micklemi Chubb, 1908; zuluensis Thomas and Schwann, 1905.	From Atlantic coast of NW Africa (Senegal, south to Guinea and Sierra Leone) eastward across Sahel to Sudan and extreme W Ethiopia; southward through E Africa (E Republic of Congo, W Kenya) to NE Namibia, Botswana, and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa). Small isolated population in W Algeria.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc); isolated population around Beni Abbés, Algeria, "deserve[s] attention" (Flux and Angermann, 1990).	Placed (as crawshayi) in subgenus Proeulagus by Gureev (1964), and in subgenus Sabanalagus by Averianov (1998). Gureev recognized both crawshayi and whytei as distinct species, as did Azzaroli-Puccetti (1987a). Formerly included in saxatilis; see comments under that species. This species has been known under several different names (saxatilis, crawshayi, whytei, victoriae, and now microtis). Angermann and Feiler (1988) thought that the oldest available name for this species was victoriae Thomas, 1893, but apparently did not consider microtus Heuglin 1865. The species is widely sympatric with capensis, but allo- to parapatric with saxatilis (which is also sympatric with capensis sensu stricto), and with the small L. habessinicus.	African Savanna Hare
13500184	Lepus microtis subsp. microtis	Heuglin 1865	SUBSPECIES		microtis	microtis		Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol., Halle, 24 vol.Leopoldiana, 5 p.32						
13500185	Lepus microtis subsp. angolensis	Thomas 1904	SUBSPECIES		angolensis	microtis		Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500186	Lepus microtis subsp. senegalensis	Rochebrune 1883	SUBSPECIES		senegalensis	microtis		Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500187	Lepus microtis subsp. whytei	Thomas 1894	SUBSPECIES		whytei	microtis		Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500188	Lepus nigricollis	F. Cuvier 1823	SPECIES			nigricollis	Indolagus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Dict. Sci. Nat. vol.26 p.307		aryabertensis  Hodgson, 1844; dayanus Blanford, 1874; cutchensis Kloss, 1918; joongshaiensis Murray, 1884; rajput Wroughton, 1918; ruficaudatus Geoffroy, 1826; macrotus Hodgson, 1840; tytleri Tytler, 1854; sadiya Kloss, 1918; simcoxi Wroughton, 1912; mahadeva Wroughton and Ryley, 1913; singhala Wroughton, 1915.	Pakistan; India; Bangladesh, except Sunderbands; Sri Lanka; introduced into Java (?) and Mauritius, Gunnera Quoin, Anskya, Réunion and Cousin Isls in the Indian Ocean. Considered native to Java by McNeely (1981:931).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc); if nigricollis is native to Java (rather than an introduced population), its numbers are now very low there.	Subgenus Indolagus (Gureev, 1964). Placed in genus Caprolagus (Indolagus) by Gureev (1964:139). Includes ruficaudatus; see Prater (1980) and Angermann (1983), but see Gureev (1964:142); ruficaudatus is closer to capensis according to Petter (1961a), and nigricollis may include whytei, crawshayi, peguensis and siamensis; but also see comments under microtis, peguensis and saxatilis. Includes dayanus, given specific status by Gureev (1964:139).	Indian Hare
13500189	Lepus nigricollis subsp. nigricollis	F. Cuvier 1823	SUBSPECIES		nigricollis	nigricollis	Indolagus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Dict. Sci. Nat. vol.26 p.307						
13500190	Lepus nigricollis subsp. aryabertensis	Hodgson 1844	SUBSPECIES		aryabertensis	nigricollis	Indolagus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500191	Lepus nigricollis subsp. dayanus	Blanford 1874	SUBSPECIES		dayanus	nigricollis	Indolagus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500192	Lepus nigricollis subsp. ruficaudatus	Geoffroy 1826	SUBSPECIES		ruficaudatus	nigricollis	Indolagus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500193	Lepus nigricollis subsp. sadiya	Kloss 1918	SUBSPECIES		sadiya	nigricollis	Indolagus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500194	Lepus nigricollis subsp. simcoxi	Wroughton 1912	SUBSPECIES		simcoxi	nigricollis	Indolagus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500196	Lepus oiostolus	Hodgson 1840	SPECIES			oiostolus		Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.9 p.1186		illuteus  Thomas, 1914; oemodias Gray, 1847; qusongensis Cai and Feng, 1982; hypsibius Blanford, 1875; pallipes Hodgson, 1842; grahami Howell, 1928; kozlovi Satunin, 1907; sechuenensis de Winton, 1899; przewalskii Satunin, 1907; qinghaiensis Cai and Feng, 1982; tsaidamensis Hilzheimer, 1910.	Tibetan Plateau, from Ladak to Sikkim (India) Nepal, and eastward through Xizang (Tibet) and Qinghai, Gansu and Sichuan (China).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Placed in subgenus Proeulagus by Gureev (1964) and Eulagos by Averianov (1998); przewalskii was assigned to capensis (= tolai) by Corbet (1978c), but is placed in oiostolus following Cai and Feng (1982).	Woolly Hare
13500197	Lepus oiostolus subsp. oiostolus	Hodgson 1840	SUBSPECIES		oiostolus	oiostolus		Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.9 p.1186						
13500198	Lepus oiostolus subsp. hypsibius	Blanford 1875	SUBSPECIES		hypsibius	oiostolus		Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13800458	Rhinolophus affinis subsp. macrurus	K. Andersen 1905	SUBSPECIES		macrurus	affinis		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						megaphyllus species group.	
13500202	Lepus othus subsp. othus	Merriam 1900	SUBSPECIES		othus	othus	Lepus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. vol.2 p.28						
13500203	Lepus othus subsp. tschuktschorum	Nordquist 1883	SUBSPECIES		tschuktschorum	othus	Lepus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha						See comments under species.	
13500204	Lepus peguensis	Blyth 1855	SPECIES			peguensis	Indolagus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.24 p.471		siamensis  Bonhote, 1902; vassali Thomas, 1906.	C, S Burma from Chindwin River valley east through Thailand; Cambodia; S Laos, S Vietnam; south in upper Malay Peninsula (Burma, Thailand) to 120EN.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Indolagus by Gureev (1964:144) in Caprolagus (Indolagus); he ranked siamensis as a distinct species; but see Lekagul and McNeely (1977:333) and Flux and Angermann (1990). Petter (1961a) suggested that peguensis might be conspecific with nigricollis because of its close resemblance to L. n. ruficaudatus. However, L. n. ruficaudatus appears to be allopatric with respect to peguensis in E India-W Burma.Suchentrunk (2004:28) considered the separate species status of L. peguensis still open. Formerly included hainanus (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1955), which is here considered a full species.	Burmese Hare
13500205	Lepus peguensis subsp. peguensis	Blyth 1855	SUBSPECIES		peguensis	peguensis	Indolagus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.24 p.471						
13500207	Lepus saxatilis	F. Cuvier 1823	SPECIES			saxatilis		Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Dict. Sci. Nat. vol.26 p.309		albaniensis  Roberts, 1932; aurantii Thomas and Hinton, 1923; chiversi Roberts, 1929; fumigatus Wagner, 1844; longicaudatus Gray, 1837; megalotis Thomas and Schwann, 1905; subrufus Roberts, 1913; bechuanae Roberts, 1932; chobiensis Roberts, 1932; damarensis Roberts, 1926; gungunyanae Roberts, 1914; khanensis Roberts, 1946; ngamiensis Roberts, 1932; nigrescens Roberts, 1932; orangensis Kolbe, 1948; rufinucha A. Smith, 1829; timidus A. Smith, 1826 [not Linnaeus, 1758].	South Africa (former Cape Province [and Zululand north to C KwaZulu-Natal?]) and S Namibia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Placed by Gureev (1964:203) in subgenus Proeulagus, and in Sabanalagus by Averianov, 1998). Formerly included crawshayi and whytei, see Ansell (1978:67), Swanepoel et al. (1980:159), and Robinson and Dippenaar (1983b, 1987); but see also Petter (1961a, 1972b). Angermann (1983) considered whytei a distinct species that includes crawshayi; Flux and Angermann (1990) placed both as subspecies of victoriae (= microtis); see comments therein. The range of saxatilis completely overlaps the range of capensis sensu stricto, except in northern Southwest Africa, Botswana and Mozambique, where the smaller northern subspecies (subrufus) is allopatric with respect to both large capensis and the southern race of equally large L. s. saxatilis (Flux and Angermann, 1990; Smithers, 1983).	Scrub Hare
13500208	Lepus saxatilis subsp. saxatilis	F. Cuvier 1823	SUBSPECIES		saxatilis	saxatilis		Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Dict. Sci. Nat. vol.26 p.309						
13500214	Lepus starcki	Petter 1963	SPECIES			starcki	Eulagos	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Mammalia vol.27 p.239			Central highlands of Ethiopia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Eulagos (Averianov, 1998). Formerly included in capensis (Petter, 1963a), or europaeus (Azzaroli-Puccetti, 1987a, b); but see Angermann (1983) and Flux and Angermann (1990). Considered by Azzaroli-Puccetti (1987a, b) to be closely related to europaeus, with a relict distribution dating back to the Pleistocene.	Ethiopian Highland Hare
13700448	Notiosorex crawfordi	Coues 1877	SPECIES			crawfordi		Notiosorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr. vol.3 p.631			SW and SC USA to Baja California and N and C Mexico.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Formerly included evotis; but see under that species. Reviewed by Armstrong and Jones (1972b, Mammalian Species No. 17) and Carraway and Timm (2000). Further Mexican records by Vela (1999) and Alvarez and González-Ruíz (2001). In Arizona the species occurs in sympatry with N. cockrumi (Baker et al., 2003a).	Crawford's Gray Shrew
13700449	Notiosorex evotis	Coues 1877	SPECIES			evotis		Notiosorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Bull. U.S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr. vol.3 p.652			WC Mexico (Colima, Jalisco, Michoacan, Nayarit, and Sinaloa).		Formerly included in crawfordi (Armstrong and Jones, 1971a), but given species rank by Carraway and Timm (2000).	Large-eared Gray Shrew
13500237	Lepus tolai	Pallas 1778	SPECIES			tolai	Proeulagus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Nova Spec. Quad. Glir. Ord. p.17		butlerowi  Bogdanov, 1882 [nomen nudum]; gobicus Satunin, 1907; huangshuiensis Luo, 1982; kessleri Bogdanov, 1882 [nomen nudum]; aurigineus Hollister, 1912; buchariensis Ognev, 1922; desertorum Ognev and Heptner, 1928; habibi Baloutch, 1978; cheybani Baloutch, 1978; petteri Baloutch, 1978; cinnamomeus Shamel, 1940; filchneri Matschie, 1907; brevinasus J. Allen, 1909; sowerbyae Hollister, 1912; subluteus Thomas, 1908; lehmanni Severtsov, 1873; aralensis Severtsov, 1861 [nomen nudum]; turcomanus Heptner, 1934; swinhoei Thomas, 1894; stegmanni Matschie, 1907.	Steppes north of Caspian Sea southward along eastern shore of Caspian to E Iran; eastward through Afghanistan; Kazakhstan and S Siberia, Middle Asian republics to Mongolia; and W, C, and NE China.	Not Evaluated.	Subgenus Proeulagus (Gureev, 1964:198). Formerly included in capensis or europaeus; see comments therein. Formerly included tibetanus; but also see Bannikov, 1965, Sokolov and Orlov (1980:85), and Shou et al. (1962); Qui (1989) also provided evidence of differentiation of tibetanus but did not address specific status. Formerly included przewalskii, now assigned to L. oiostolus; see Cai and Feng (1982). "The situation in [southern] Iraq [and SW Iran] deserves a more detailed analysis" (Angermann, 1983:19). L. tolai cheybani occurs westward to about 55E<span-<56EE, while L. c. arabicus occurs eastward to SE Iraq. Whether the two forms come into contact is not known, but their ranges may be separated by that of L. europaeus connori in SW Iran; see Baloutch (1978) and Angermann (1983).	Tolai Hare
13800459	Rhinolophus affinis subsp. nesites	K. Andersen 1905	SUBSPECIES		nesites	affinis		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						megaphyllus species group.	
13500215	Lepus tibetanus	Waterhouse 1841	SPECIES			tibetanus	Proeulagus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Proc. Zool. Soc. London vol.Part IX. " A letter from G. T. Vignewas reada species of Hare from Little Thibet." p.7		biddulphi  Blanford, 1877; centrasiaticus Satunin, 1907; gansuicus Satunin, 1907; craspedotis Blanford, 1875; pamirensis Günther, 1875; stoliczkanus Blanford, 1875; kashgaricus Satunin, 1907; quercerus Hollister, 1912; zaisanicus Satunin, 1907.	Afghanistan and Baluchistan eastward through N Pakistan and Kashmir to the E Pamir, NW Xinjiang and the Altai Mountains, thence eastward across S Mongolia to Gansu and Ningxia (China). The distribution of tibetanus relative to tolai is allo-to parapatric, but in the Tien Shan mountains they may be sympatric.	Not Evaluated; widespread, but population levels not studied.	Subgenus Proeulagus (Gromov, 1964). Until the 1930s tibetanus was considered a distinct species. The first major revision (Heptner, 1934) united europaeus, tolai and tibetanus in a single species, but Ognev (1966:154) rejected this concept, stating that "...there is much evidence against considering the common hare, the Tolai and desert hares as one species...". Next, Ellerman (in Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1955) placed tibetanus as a subspecies of capensis, along with tolai; he was supported by Petter (1959, 1961a). Then Harrison (1972) added arabicus to capensis; see also Corbet (1978), and comments under tolai. Some, however, continued to follow Ognev. Bannikov (1954), Sokolov and Orlov (1980), and Shou (1962) provided details of distribution in Mongolia and China respectively. Luo (1981) performed a cluster analysis that he interpreted as supporting Ellerman, et al., but was strongl... [truncated]	Desert Hare.
13500216	Lepus tibetanus subsp. tibetanus	Waterhouse 1841	SUBSPECIES		tibetanus	tibetanus	Proeulagus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Proc. Zool. Soc. London p.7						
13500217	Lepus tibetanus subsp. centrasiaticus	Satunin 1907	SUBSPECIES		centrasiaticus	tibetanus	Proeulagus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500218	Lepus tibetanus subsp. craspedotis	Blanford 1875	SUBSPECIES		craspedotis	tibetanus	Proeulagus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500219	Lepus tibetanus subsp. pamirensis	Günther 1875	SUBSPECIES		pamirensis	tibetanus	Proeulagus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500220	Lepus tibetanus subsp. stoliczkanus	Blanford 1875	SUBSPECIES		stoliczkanus	tibetanus	Proeulagus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500221	Lepus timidus	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			timidus	Lepus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.57		abei  Kuroda, 1938; alpinus Erxleben, 1777 [not Pallas, 1773]; algidus Pallas, 1778; borealis Pallas, 1778; canescens Nilsson, 1844; collinus Nilsson, 1831; septentrionalis Link, 1795; sylvaticus Nilsson, 1831; typicus Barrett-Hamilton, 1900; variabilis Pallas, 1778; ainu Barrett-Hamilton, 1900; albus Leach, 1816 [nomen nudum]; begitschevi Koljuschev, 1936; gichiganus J. Allen, 1903; hibernicus Bell, 1837; lutescens Barrett-Hamilton, 1900; kamtschaticus Dybowski, 1922; kolymensis Ognev, 1923; kozhevnikovi Ognev, 1929; lugubris Kastschenko, 1899; altaicus Barrett-Hamilton, 1900; mordeni Goodwin, 1933; orii, Kuroda, 1928; saghaliensis Abe, 1931; rubustus Urita, 1935 [nomen nudum]; scoticus Hilzheimer, 1906; sibiricorum Johanssen, 1923; transbaicalicus Ognev, 1929; varronis Miller, 1901; breviauritus Hilzheimer, 1906.	Palearctic from Scandinavia to E Siberia, except E Chukotsk (Russia), south to Sakhalin and Sikhote-Alin Mtns (Russia); Hokkaido (Japan); Heilungjiang, N Xinjiang (China); N Mongolia; Altai, N Tien Shan Mtns; N Ukraine, E Poland, and Baltics; isolated populations in the Alps, Scotland, Wales and Ireland. Introduced into England, Faeros and Scottish Isles.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Lepus (Gureev, 1964; Averianov, 1998). Formerly included arcticus and othus; see Corbet (1978c: 73); but also see comments under those species. A. J. Baker et al. (1983) found Scottish and Alpine populations morphologically distinct, as well as geographically isolated, from other populations, and Flux (1983) remarked that L. t. scoticus and L. t. hibernicus (from Scotland and Ireland, respectively), both introduced on the island of Mull (Hewson, 1991) still do not interbreed after 50 years. Reviewed by Angerbjorn and Flux (1995, Mammalian Species, 495).	Mountain Hare
13500222	Lepus timidus subsp. timidus	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		timidus	timidus	Lepus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.57						
13500223	Lepus timidus subsp. ainu	Barrett-Hamilton 1900	SUBSPECIES		ainu	timidus	Lepus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500224	Lepus timidus subsp. begitschevi	Koljuschev 1936	SUBSPECIES		begitschevi	timidus	Lepus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500225	Lepus timidus subsp. gichiganus	J. Allen 1903	SUBSPECIES		gichiganus	timidus	Lepus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500226	Lepus timidus subsp. hibernicus	Bell 1837	SUBSPECIES		hibernicus	timidus	Lepus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500227	Lepus timidus subsp. kamtschaticus	Dybowski 1922	SUBSPECIES		kamtschaticus	timidus	Lepus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500228	Lepus timidus subsp. kolymensis	Ognev 1923	SUBSPECIES		kolymensis	timidus	Lepus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500229	Lepus timidus subsp. kozhevnikovi	Ognev 1929	SUBSPECIES		kozhevnikovi	timidus	Lepus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500230	Lepus timidus subsp. lugubris	Kastschenko 1899	SUBSPECIES		lugubris	timidus	Lepus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500231	Lepus timidus subsp. mordeni	Goodwin 1933	SUBSPECIES		mordeni	timidus	Lepus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13700584	Sorex saussurei	Merriam 1892	SPECIES			saussurei	unnamed subgenus, see comments	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.7 p.173		godmani  Merriam, 1897; salvini Merriam, 1897.	Colima, Distrito Federal, Guerrero, Jalisco, México, Michoacán, Morelos, Puebla, from 2100 to 3650 m or more (Mexico); Guatemala.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Referred to unnamed subgenus by George (1988:456). Populations from Guatemala provisionally included by Junge and Hoffmann (1981) may be distinct and should be carefully studied.	Saussure's Shrew
13500238	Lepus tolai subsp. tolai	Pallas 1778	SUBSPECIES		tolai	tolai	Proeulagus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Nova Spec. Quad. Glir. Ord. p.17						
13500239	Lepus tolai subsp. aurigineus	Hollister 1912	SUBSPECIES		aurigineus	tolai	Proeulagus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500240	Lepus tolai subsp. buchariensis	Ognev 1922	SUBSPECIES		buchariensis	tolai	Proeulagus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500241	Lepus tolai subsp. cheybani	Baloutch 1978	SUBSPECIES		cheybani	tolai	Proeulagus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500242	Lepus tolai subsp. cinnamomeus	Shamel 1940	SUBSPECIES		cinnamomeus	tolai	Proeulagus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500243	Lepus tolai subsp. filchneri	Matschie 1907	SUBSPECIES		filchneri	tolai	Proeulagus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500244	Lepus tolai subsp. lehmanni	Severtsov 1873	SUBSPECIES		lehmanni	tolai	Proeulagus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500245	Lepus tolai subsp. swinhoei	Thomas 1894	SUBSPECIES		swinhoei	tolai	Proeulagus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500246	Lepus townsendii	Bachman 1839	SPECIES			townsendii		Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.8 1 p.90		sierrae  Merriam, 1904; campanius Hollister, 1915; campestris Bachman, 1837 [preoccupied by campestris Meyer, 1790].	C Alberta and Saskatchewan east to extreme SW Ontario (Canada), south to SW Wisconsin, Iowa, NW Missouri, west through C Kansas to NC New Mexico, west to C Nevada, EC California (USA) and north to SC British Columbia (Canada).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Placed (as campestris) in subgenus Proeulagus by Gureev (1964), or in Eulagos (Averianov, 1998). Reviewed by Lim (1987, Mammalian Species, 288).	White-tailed Jackrabbit
13500247	Lepus townsendii subsp. townsendii	Bachman 1839	SUBSPECIES		townsendii	townsendii		Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.8 1 p.90						
13500248	Lepus townsendii subsp. campanius	Hollister 1915	SUBSPECIES		campanius	townsendii		Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500249	Lepus yarkandensis	Günther 1875	SPECIES			yarkandensis	?Tarimolagus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4 vol.16 p.229			Steppes of Tarim Basin, S Xinjiang (China), around edge of Takla Makan desert.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Placed in subgenus Tarimolagus by Gureev (1964); and also by Averianov (1998), but see Xu (1986). Reviewed by Angermann (1967) and Gao (1983).	Yarkand Hare
13500250	Nesolagus	Forsyth-Major 1899	GENUS					Nesolagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Trans. Linn. Soc. London vol.7 p.493	Lepus netscheri Schlegel, 1880.					
13500251	Nesolagus netscheri	Schlegel 1880	SPECIES			netscheri		Nesolagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Notes Leyden Mus. vol.II p.59			Sumatra [Indonesia].	IUCN  Critically Endangered; only a dozen museum specimens exist, collected between 1880 and 1916. Since these early collections there has been only one confirmed sighting (in 1972; Flux, 1990) and two photographic records (different individuals, captured in an automatic camera trap in 1998; Surridge et al., 1999).		Sumatran Striped Rabbit
13500252	Nesolagus timminsi	Averianov [=Averyanov], Abramov and Tikhonov 2000	SPECIES			timminsi		Nesolagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Cont. Zool. Inst., St. Peteresburg vol.3 p.3			Known only from the vicinity of the type locality.	IUCN  Data Deficient; presumed rare and potentially endangered.	Little is known about this recently described species, except that morphologically it is very similar to N. netscheri (Averianov et al., 2000; Surridge et al., 1999).	Annamite Striped Rabbit
13500253	Oryctolagus	Lilljeborg 1873	GENUS					Oryctolagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Sverig. Og Norges Ryggradsdjur vol.1 p.417	Lepus cuniculus Linnaeus, 1758.	Cuniculus  Meyer, 1790.				
13800172	Micropteropus	Matschie 1899	GENUS					Micropteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Megachiroptera Berlin Mus. p.36, 57	Epomophorus pusillus Peters, 1868.				Revised by Bergmans (1989), who transferred grandis from this genus to Epomophorus.	
13500254	Oryctolagus cuniculus	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			cuniculus		Oryctolagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.58		fodiens Gray, 1867; kreyenbergi Honigmann 1913; vermicula Gray, 1843 [nomen nudum]; vernicularis Thompson, 1837 [nomen nudum]; algirus (Loche, 1858); brachyotus Trouessart, 1917; cnossius Bate, 1906; habetensis Cabrera, 1923; oreas Cabrera, 1922; huxleyi Haeckel, 1874. <u>Not allocated to subspecies</u>: borkumensis Harrison, 1952; campestris (Meyer, 1790); nigripes Bartlett, 1857.	W and S Europe through the Mediterranean region to Morocco and N Algeria; original post-Pleistocene range probably limited to S France, Iberia and NW Africa, but Late Pleistocene records occur from Ireland to Italy, Hungary, and even W Siberia (Kurtén, 1968); introduced on all continents except Antarctica and Asia; see Gibb (1990). Worldwide as domesticated forms.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc); considered a pest species in most areas where it has been introduced.	The specific name may be based on a feral specimen (Gibb, 1990).	European Rabbit
13500255	Oryctolagus cuniculus subsp. cuniculus	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		cuniculus	cuniculus		Oryctolagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.58						
13500256	Oryctolagus cuniculus subsp. algirus	Loche 1858	SUBSPECIES		algirus	cuniculus		Oryctolagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500257	Oryctolagus cuniculus subsp. brachyotus	Trouessart 1917	SUBSPECIES		brachyotus	cuniculus		Oryctolagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500258	Oryctolagus cuniculus subsp. cnossius	Bate 1906	SUBSPECIES		cnossius	cuniculus		Oryctolagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500259	Oryctolagus cuniculus subsp. habetensis	Cabrera 1923	SUBSPECIES		habetensis	cuniculus		Oryctolagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500260	Oryctolagus cuniculus subsp. huxleyi	Haeckel 1874	SUBSPECIES		huxleyi	cuniculus		Oryctolagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500261	Pentalagus	Lyon 1904	GENUS					Pentalagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Smithson. Misc. Coll. vol.45 p.428	Caprolagus furnessi Stone, 1900.					
13500262	Pentalagus furnessi	Stone 1900	SPECIES			furnessi		Pentalagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.52 p.460			Amami Isls (Amami-Oshima and Tokuno-shima) (S Japan).	U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Endangered.		Amami Rabbit
13500263	Poelagus	St. Leger 1932	GENUS					Poelagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1932 1 p.119	Lepus marjorita St. Leger, 1929.				Originally spelled Poëlagus, but this is a diaeresis and not an umlaut and thus the correct spelling is Poelagus (see Art. 32.5.2 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1999). Formerly placed as subgenus of Pronolagus; see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951:425); but see also Petter (1972b:5). Formerly placed as subgenus of Caprolagus; see Gureev (1964:152).	
13500264	Poelagus marjorita	St. Leger 1929	SPECIES			marjorita		Poelagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 10 vol.4 p.292		larkeni  St. Leger, 1935; oweni Setzer, 1956.	S Sudan, Uganda, Ruanda, Burundi, NE Dem. Rep. Congo, Central African Republic, S Chad, disjunct population in Angola.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	This savanna-woodland species, like Pronolagus, is associated with rocky outcrops.	Bunyoro Rabbit
13500265	Pronolagus	Lyon 1904	GENUS					Pronolagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Smithson. Misc. Coll. vol.45 p.416	Lepus crassicaudatus I. Geoffroy, 1832.				From one (Peddie, 1975) to six (Roberts, 1951) species have been recognized in this genus (Robinson, 1982). Three species are now generally recognized (Duthie and Robinson, 1990).	
13500266	Pronolagus crassicaudatus	I. Geoffroy 1832	SPECIES			crassicaudatus		Pronolagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Mag. Zool. Paris vol.2 p.cl. 1, pl. 9 and text		kariegae  Hewitt, 1927; ruddi Thomas and Schwann, 1905; lebombo Roberts, 1936; lebomboensis Roberts, 1936 [lapsus].	SE South Africa; extreme S Mozambique.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Formerly included randensis, see Lundholm (1955a). The relationship of crassicaudatus and randensis is unclear, see Petter (1972b:6). Distribution allopatric to that of randensis, but sympatric in western half of range with rupestris.	Natal Red Rock Hare
13500267	Pronolagus crassicaudatus subsp. crassicaudatus	I. Geoffroy 1832	SUBSPECIES		crassicaudatus	crassicaudatus		Pronolagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Mag. Zool. Paris vol.2 p.cl. 1, pl. 9 and text						
13500268	Pronolagus crassicaudatus subsp. ruddi	Thomas and Schwann 1905	SUBSPECIES		ruddi	crassicaudatus		Pronolagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500269	Pronolagus randensis	Jameson 1907	SPECIES			randensis		Pronolagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.20 p.404		capricornis  Roberts, 1926; makapani Roberts, 1924; powelli Roberts, 1924; caucinus Thomas, 1929; ekmani Lundholm, 1955; fitzsimonsi Roberts, 1938; kaokoensis Roberts, 1946; kobosensis Roberts, 1938; waterbergensis Hoesch and Von Lehmann, 1956; whitei Roberts, 1938.	Two disjunct areas: NE South Africa, E Botswana to extreme W Mozambique, Zimbabwe; and W Namibia, perhaps SW Angola.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Formerly included in crassicaudatus by Lundholm (1955a); but see Petter (1972b: 6). The systematic position of the two widely disjunct populations needs clarification (Duthie and Robinson, 1990).	Jamesons Red Rock Hare
13500270	Pronolagus randensis subsp. randensis	Jameson 1907	SUBSPECIES		randensis	randensis		Pronolagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.20 p.404						
13500271	Pronolagus randensis subsp. caucinus	Thomas 1929	SUBSPECIES		caucinus	randensis		Pronolagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500273	Pronolagus rupestris	A. Smith 1834	SPECIES			rupestris		Pronolagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	S. Afr. Quart. J. vol.2 p.174		australis  Roberts, 1933; melanurus (Rüppell, 1842); mülleri Roberts, 1938; curryi (Thomas, 1902); nyikae (Thomas, 1902); saundersiae (Hewitt, 1927); barretti Roberts, 1949; bowkeri Hewitt, 1927; vallicola Kershaw, 1924.	Two disjunct areas: S and C South Africa, S Namibia; and E Africa, from N Malawi and E Zambia north through C Tanzania to SW Kenya.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Formerly included in crassicaudatus, see Gureev (1964:174) and Peddie (1975); see also Robinson and Dippenaar (1983a). The systematic relationships of the two widely disjunct populations should be examined (Duthie and Robinson, 1990).	Smiths Red Rock Hare
13800202	Nyctimene keasti subsp. tozeri	Kitchener 1995	SUBSPECIES		tozeri	keasti		Nyctimene	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	[in Kitchener et al., 1995c]					cephalotes species group.	
13500274	Pronolagus rupestris subsp. rupestris	A. Smith 1834	SUBSPECIES		rupestris	rupestris		Pronolagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	S. Afr. Quart. J. vol.2 p.174						
13500275	Pronolagus rupestris subsp. curryi	Thomas 1902	SUBSPECIES		curryi	rupestris		Pronolagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500276	Pronolagus rupestris subsp. nyikae	Thomas 1902	SUBSPECIES		nyikae	rupestris		Pronolagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500277	Pronolagus rupestris subsp. saundersiae	Hewitt 1927	SUBSPECIES		saundersiae	rupestris		Pronolagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500278	Pronolagus rupestris subsp. vallicola	Kershaw 1924	SUBSPECIES		vallicola	rupestris		Pronolagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500279	Romerolagus	Merriam 1896	GENUS					Romerolagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.10 p.173	Lepus diazi Ferrari-Peréz, 1893.	Lagomys  Herrera, 1897 [not Lagomys Cuvier, 1800].			Whether this monotypic genus represents "the most primitive of the living rabbits and hares" (Fa and Bell, 1990), or is closer to the more specialized leporids (Sylvilagus, Oryctolagus, Lepus) (Corbet, 1983), or is intermediate (Hibbard, 1963), remains controversial.	
13500280	Romerolagus diazi	Ferrari-Pérez 1893	SPECIES			diazi		Romerolagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	In Diaz, Cat. Comision Geogr.-Expl. República Mexicana, Exposicion Intern, Columbia de Chicago p.pl. 42		nelsoni  Merriam, 1896.	Distrito Federal, Mexico, and W Puebla (Mexico), in three discontinuous areas on the slopes of Volcán Pelado, Tlaloc, Popocatépetl, and Ixtaccíhuatl.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered, IUCN  Endangered.	Reviewed by Cervantes et al. (1990, Mammalian Species, 360) and Velazquez el al. (1993).	Volcano Rabbit
13500281	Sylvilagus	Gray 1867	GENUS					Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3 vol.20 p.221	Lepus sylvaticus Bachman, 1837 (= Lepus sylvaticus floridanus J. Allen, 1890). Bachmans original name was preoccupied by Lepus borealis sylvaticus Nillson, 1832, which Allen did not realize when he used the name combination L. sylvaticus floridanus. The first use of the name combination Sylvilagus floridanus was Lyon, 1904.	Hydrolagus Gray, 1867; Limnolagus Mearns, 1897; Microlagus Trouessart, 1897; Paludilagus Hershkovitz, 1950; Tapeti Gray, 1867.			Formerly included Brachylagus as a subgenus; see Hall (1981:294); but see also Corbet (1983:14).	
13500282	Sylvilagus	Gray 1867	SUBGENUS				Sylvilagus	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3 vol.20 p.221	Lepus sylvaticus Bachman, 1837 (= Lepus sylvaticus floridanus J. Allen, 1890). Bachmans original name was preoccupied by Lepus borealis sylvaticus Nillson, 1832, which Allen did not realize when he used the name combination L. sylvaticus floridanus. The first use of the name combination Sylvilagus floridanus was Lyon, 1904.					
13500283	Tapeti	Gray 1867	SUBGENUS				Tapeti	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500284	Microlagus	Trouessart 1897	SUBGENUS				Microlagus	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500285	Sylvilagus aquaticus	Bachman 1837	SPECIES			aquaticus	Tapeti	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.7 p.319		attwateri  (J. Allen, 1895); telmalemonus (Elliott, 1899); littoralis Nelson, 1909.	S Illinois and SW Indiana, SW Missouri to SE Kansas southward through extreme W Kentucky and W Tennessee to E Oklahoma, E Texas, Louisiana, Alabama, Mississippi and NW South Carolina (USA).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Tapeti (Gureev, 1964:162). Reviewed by Chapman and Feldhamer (1981, Mammalian Species, 151).	Swamp Rabbit
13500286	Sylvilagus aquaticus subsp. aquaticus	Bachman 1837	SUBSPECIES		aquaticus	aquaticus	Tapeti	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.7 p.319						
13500287	Sylvilagus aquaticus subsp. littoralis	Nelson 1909	SUBSPECIES		littoralis	aquaticus	Tapeti	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500288	Sylvilagus audubonii	Baird 1858	SPECIES			audubonii	Sylvilagus	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Mammalia, in Repts. U.S. Expl. Surv. vol.8 8 p.608		vallicola  Nelson, 1907; arizonae (Mearns, 1896); laticinctus (Elliot, 1904); major (Mearns, 1896); rufipes (Elliot, 1904); sanctidiegi (Miller, 1899); baileyi (Merriam, 1897); neomexicanus Nelson, 1907; confinis J. Allen, 1898; goldmani (Nelson, 1904); minor (Mearns, 1896); parvulus (J. Allen, 1904); warreni Nelson, 1907; cedrophilus Nelson, 1907.	NE Puebla and W Veracruz (Mexico) to NC Montana and SW North Dakota, NC Utah, C Nevada, and NC California (USA), south to Baja California and C Sinaloa (Mexico).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Sylvilagus (Gureev, 1964:169). Revised by Hoffmeister and Lee (1963b). Reviewed by Chapman and Willner (1978, Mammalian Species, 106).	Desert Cottontail
13700633	Parascalops	True 1894	GENUS					Parascalops	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	Diagnoses New N. Am. Mamm. p.2	Scalops breweri Bachman, 1842.				Reviewed by Hallett (1978)	
13500325	Sylvilagus cognatus	Nelson 1907	SPECIES			cognatus	Sylvilagus	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.20 p.82			Restricted to the Manzano Mountains, New Mexico, USA.	Not Evaluated; likely endangered.	Subgenus Sylvilagus. Formerly included in S. floridanus, but see Ruedas (1998).	Manzano Mountain Cottontail
13500296	Sylvilagus bachmani	Waterhouse 1839	SPECIES			bachmani	Microlagus	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1839 p.103		macrorhinus  Orr, 1935; riparius Orr, 1935; trowbridgii (Baird, 1855); virgulti Dice, 1926; cerrosensis (J. Allen, 1898); cinerascens (J. Allen, 1890); mariposae Grinnell and Storer, 1916; exiguus Nelson, 1907; howelli Huey, 1927; peninsularis (J. Allen, 1898); rosaphagus Huey, 1940; ubericolor (Miller, 1899); tehamae Orr, 1935.	W Oregon (USA) S of Columbia River to Baja California (Mexico), E to Cascade-Sierra Nevada Range (USA).	U.S. ESA  Endangered as S. b. riparius; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Microlagus (Lyon, 1904). Placed in genus Microlagus together with idahoensis by Gureev (1964:171). This is the only species of Sylvilagus known to have retained the putative ancestral karyotype (2n=48) shared by all known Lepus, and by Romerolagus (Robinson et al., 1981, 1984). See also S. mansuetus.Reviewed by Chapman (1974, Mammalian Species, 34).	Brush Rabbit
13500297	Sylvilagus bachmani subsp. bachmani	Waterhouse 1839	SUBSPECIES		bachmani	bachmani	Microlagus	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1839 p.103						
13500298	Sylvilagus bachmani subsp. cerrosensis	J. Allen 1898	SUBSPECIES		cerrosensis	bachmani	Microlagus	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500299	Sylvilagus bachmani subsp. cinerascens	J. Allen 1890	SUBSPECIES		cinerascens	bachmani	Microlagus	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500300	Sylvilagus bachmani subsp. exiguus	Nelson 1907	SUBSPECIES		exiguus	bachmani	Microlagus	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500301	Sylvilagus bachmani subsp. howelli	Huey 1927	SUBSPECIES		howelli	bachmani	Microlagus	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500302	Sylvilagus bachmani subsp. ubericolor	Miller 1899	SUBSPECIES		ubericolor	bachmani	Microlagus	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500303	Sylvilagus brasiliensis	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			brasiliensis	Tapeti	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.58		<u>South of Isthmus of Panama</u>: braziliensis  (Waterhouse, 1848); nigricaudatus (Lesson, 1842); tapeti (Pallas, 1778); andinus (Thomas, 1897); canarius Thomas, 1913; carchensis Hershkovitz, 1938; chimbanus Thomas, 1913; ecaudatus Trouessart, 1910; nivicola Cabrera, 1912; apollinaris Thomas, 1920; capsalis Thomas, 1913; caracasensis Mondolfi and Méndez Aroche, 1957; chillae Anthony, 1957; chotanus Hershkovitz, 1938; defilippi (Cornalia, 1850); defilippii (Thomas, 1897); dephilippii Cabrera, 1912 [lapsus]; fulvescens J. Allen, 1912; fuscescens J. Allen, 1916 [lapsus]; nicefori Thomas, 1921; salentus J. Allen, 1913; gibsoni Thomas, 1918; inca Thomas, 1913; kelloggi Anthony, 1923; meridensis Thomas, 1904; minensis Thomas, 1901; paraguensis Thomas, 1901; chapadae Thomas, 1904; chapadensis Thomas, 1913; paraguensis Yepes, 1938; peruanus Hershkovitz, 1950; sanctaemartae Hershkovitz 1950; surdaster Thomas, 1901; daulensis J. Allen, 1914; messorius Goldman, 1912; tapetillus Thomas, 1913.<u> North of Isthmus of Panama</u>: gabbi (J. Allen, 1877); consobrinus Anthony, 1917; incitatus (Bangs, 1901); tumacus (J. Allen, 1908); truei (J. Allen, 1890).	S Tamaulipas (Mexico) southward through Central and South America as far as Peru, Bolivia, N Argentina and S Brazil.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Tapeti (Gureev, 1964:160); he also considered gabbi, which is included here, a distinct species. Formerly included dicei; revised by Diersing (1981). Two different karyotypes reported, by Guerena-Gandara et al. (1983) (2n=36; FN=68) and by Lorenzo and Cervantes (1995) (2n=40; FN=76). Allozymes described by Cervantes et al. (1999a).	Tapeti
13500304	Sylvilagus brasiliensis subsp. brasiliensis	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		brasiliensis	brasiliensis	Tapeti	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.58					Part of a group of subspecies found south of Isthmus of Panama	
13500305	Sylvilagus brasiliensis subsp. andinus	Thomas 1897	SUBSPECIES		andinus	brasiliensis	Tapeti	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha						Part of a group of subspecies found south of Isthmus of Panama	
13500306	Sylvilagus brasiliensis subsp. apollinaris	Thomas 1920	SUBSPECIES		apollinaris	brasiliensis	Tapeti	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha						Part of a group of subspecies found south of Isthmus of Panama	
13500307	Sylvilagus brasiliensis subsp. capsalis	Thomas 1913	SUBSPECIES		capsalis	brasiliensis	Tapeti	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha						Part of a group of subspecies found south of Isthmus of Panama	
13500308	Sylvilagus brasiliensis subsp. caracasensis	Mondolfi and Méndez Aroche 1957	SUBSPECIES		caracasensis	brasiliensis	Tapeti	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha						Part of a group of subspecies found south of Isthmus of Panama	
13500309	Sylvilagus brasiliensis subsp. chillae	Anthony 1957	SUBSPECIES		chillae	brasiliensis	Tapeti	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha						Part of a group of subspecies found south of Isthmus of Panama	
13500310	Sylvilagus brasiliensis subsp. chotanus	Hershkovitz 1938	SUBSPECIES		chotanus	brasiliensis	Tapeti	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha						Part of a group of subspecies found south of Isthmus of Panama	
13500311	Sylvilagus brasiliensis subsp. defilippi	Cornalia 1850	SUBSPECIES		defilippi	brasiliensis	Tapeti	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha						Part of a group of subspecies found south of Isthmus of Panama	
13500312	Sylvilagus brasiliensis subsp. fulvescens	J. Allen 1912	SUBSPECIES		fulvescens	brasiliensis	Tapeti	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha						Part of a group of subspecies found south of Isthmus of Panama	
13500313	Sylvilagus brasiliensis subsp. gibsoni	Thomas 1918	SUBSPECIES		gibsoni	brasiliensis	Tapeti	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha						Part of a group of subspecies found south of Isthmus of Panama	
13500314	Sylvilagus brasiliensis subsp. inca	Thomas 1913	SUBSPECIES		inca	brasiliensis	Tapeti	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha						Part of a group of subspecies found south of Isthmus of Panama	
13500315	Sylvilagus brasiliensis subsp. kelloggi	Anthony 1923	SUBSPECIES		kelloggi	brasiliensis	Tapeti	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha						Part of a group of subspecies found south of Isthmus of Panama	
13500326	Sylvilagus cunicularius	Waterhouse 1848	SPECIES			cunicularius	Sylvilagus	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Nat. Hist. Mamm. vol.2 p.132		pacificus  (Nelson, 1904); verae-crucis (Thomas, 1890); insolitus (J. Allen, 1890).	S Sinaloa to E Oaxaca and Veracruz (Mexico).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Sylvilagus (Gureev, 1964:167). See also S. graysoni.Reviewed by Cervantes et al. (1992, Mammalian Species, 412).	Mexican Cottontail
13500327	Sylvilagus cunicularius subsp. cunicularius	Waterhouse 1848	SUBSPECIES		cunicularius	cunicularius	Sylvilagus	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Nat. Hist. Mamm. vol.2 p.132						
13500328	Sylvilagus cunicularius subsp. insolitus	J. Allen 1890	SUBSPECIES		insolitus	cunicularius	Sylvilagus	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500329	Sylvilagus dicei	Harris 1932	SPECIES			dicei	?Tapeti	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich. vol.248 p.1			Cordillera de Talamanca (SE Costa Rica, NW Panama).	IUCN  Endangered.	Subgenus Tapeti? Formerly included in brasiliensis (Hall, 1981:295); revised by Diersing (1981).	Dices Cottontail
13500330	Sylvilagus floridanus	J. A. Allen 1890	SPECIES			floridanus	Sylvilagus	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.3 p.160		<u>North of Mexico</u>: ammophilus  Howell, 1939; paulsoni Schwartz, 1956; alacer (Bangs, 1896); mearnsi (J. Allen, 1894); similis Nelson, 1907; chapmani (J. Allen, 1899); caniclunis (Miller, 1899); llanensis Blair, 1938; simplicicanus (Miller, 1902); holzneri (Mearns, 1896); durangae J. Allen, 1903; hesperius Hoffmeister and Lee, 1963; rigidus (Mearns, 1896); mallurus (Thomas, 1898); hitchensi Mearns, 1911; sylvaticus (Bachman, 1837) [preoccupied by Nillson, 1832].<u> Mexico and Central America</u>: aztecus (J. Allen, 1890); chiapensis (Nelson, 1904); connectens (Nelson, 1904); russatus (J. Allen, 1904); hondurensis Goldman 1932; costaricensis Harris, 1933; macrocorpus Diersing and Wilson, 1980; orizabae (Merriam, 1893); persultator Elliot, 1903; restrictus Nelson, 1907; subcinctus (Miller, 1899); yucatanicus (Miller, 1899). <u>South of Isthmus of Panama</u>: avius Osgood, 1910; cumanicus (Thomas, 1897); continentis Osgood, 1912; valenciae Thomas, 1914; margaritae Miller, 1898; nigronuchalis (Hartert, 1894); orinoci Thomas, 1900; purgatus Thomas, 1920; superciliaris (J. Allen, 1899); boylei Allen, 1916.	N, C, and W Venezuela (including adjacent islands) and adjacent Colombia through Central America (disjunct in part); to NW Mexico, Arizona, north and east to North Dakota, Minnesota, N Michigan, New York and Massachusetts, Atlantic Coast south and Florida Gulf Coast (USA) west to Mexico; also S Saskatchewan, S Ontario and SC Quebec (C Canada).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Sylvilagus (Gureev, 1964:164). Widely introduced in North America (Hall, 1981:301) and Europe (Flux et al., 1990). Formerly included robustus (Bailey, 1905) and cognatus Nelson, 1907. Ruedas (1998) stated "...at least three of the subspecies [of floridanus] (cognatus, holzneri, and robustus) traditionally ascribed to S. floridanus are of species rank." However, he did not formally raise the first two to full species, as he did for robustus. Reviewed by Chapman et al. (1980, Mammalian Species, 136). See also cognatus and robustus; holzneri is provisionally retained as a subspecies of floridanus, since its relationship to Mexican populations of floridanus have not been reported yet. Allozymes described by Cervantes et al. (1999a).	Eastern Cottontail
13500331	Sylvilagus floridanus subsp. floridanus	J. A. Allen 1890	SUBSPECIES		floridanus	floridanus	Sylvilagus	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.3 p.160					Part of a group of subspecies found north of Mexico.	
13500332	Sylvilagus floridanus subsp. alacer	Bangs 1896	SUBSPECIES		alacer	floridanus	Sylvilagus	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha						Part of a group of subspecies found north of Mexico.	
13500333	Sylvilagus floridanus subsp. chapmani	J. Allen 1899	SUBSPECIES		chapmani	floridanus	Sylvilagus	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha						Part of a group of subspecies found north of Mexico.	
13500334	Sylvilagus floridanus subsp. holzneri	Mearns 1896	SUBSPECIES		holzneri	floridanus	Sylvilagus	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha						Part of a group of subspecies found north of Mexico.	
13500335	Sylvilagus floridanus subsp. mallurus	Thomas 1898	SUBSPECIES		mallurus	floridanus	Sylvilagus	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha						Part of a group of subspecies found north of Mexico.	
13500336	Sylvilagus floridanus subsp. aztecus	J. Allen 1890	SUBSPECIES		aztecus	floridanus	Sylvilagus	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha						Part of a group of subspecies found in Mexico and Central America.	
13500337	Sylvilagus floridanus subsp. connectens	Nelson 1904	SUBSPECIES		connectens	floridanus	Sylvilagus	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha						Part of a group of subspecies found in Mexico and Central America.	
13500338	Sylvilagus floridanus subsp. hondurensis	Goldman 1932	SUBSPECIES		hondurensis	floridanus	Sylvilagus	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha						Part of a group of subspecies found in Mexico and Central America.	
13500339	Sylvilagus floridanus subsp. macrocorpus	Diersing and Wilson 1980	SUBSPECIES		macrocorpus	floridanus	Sylvilagus	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha						Part of a group of subspecies found in Mexico and Central America.	
13500340	Sylvilagus floridanus subsp. orizabae	Merriam 1893	SUBSPECIES		orizabae	floridanus	Sylvilagus	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha						Part of a group of subspecies found in Mexico and Central America.	
13500341	Sylvilagus floridanus subsp. yucatanicus	Miller 1899	SUBSPECIES		yucatanicus	floridanus	Sylvilagus	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha						Part of a group of subspecies found in Mexico and Central America.	
13500342	Sylvilagus floridanus subsp. avius	Osgood 1910	SUBSPECIES		avius	floridanus	Sylvilagus	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha						Part of a group of subspecies found south of Isthmus of Panama.	
13500343	Sylvilagus floridanus subsp. cumanicus	Thomas 1897	SUBSPECIES		cumanicus	floridanus	Sylvilagus	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha						Part of a group of subspecies found south of Isthmus of Panama.	
13500344	Sylvilagus floridanus subsp. margaritae	Miller 1898	SUBSPECIES		margaritae	floridanus	Sylvilagus	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha						Part of a group of subspecies found south of Isthmus of Panama.	
13500349	Sylvilagus graysoni	J. A. Allen 1877	SPECIES			graysoni	Sylvilagus	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	In Coues and Allen, Monog. N. Amer. Rodentia (U.S. Geol. Geograph. Survey Terr., Rep.) vol.11 p.347		badistes  Diersing and Wilson, 1980.	Tres Marías Isls, Nayarit (Mexico).	IUCN  Endangered.	Subgenus Sylvilagus (Gureev, 1964:168). An insular species probably derived from cunicularius of the adjacent mainland; see Diersing and Wilson (1980) and Hall (1981:314). Reviewed by Cervantes (1997, Mammalian Species, 559).	Tres Marias Cottontail
13500350	Sylvilagus insonus	Nelson 1904	SPECIES			insonus		Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.17 p.103			Appears restricted to Sierra Madre del Sur, C Guerrero (Mexico) between 2300-5280 ft. (701-1609 m) elevation.	IUCN  Critically Endangered; known from fewer than 10 records.	Subgenus Tapeti (Gureev, 1964:164), or Sylvilagus (Hershkovitz, 1950:335). Reviewed by Cervantes and Lorenzo (1997, Mammalian Species, 568).	Omilteme Cottontail
13500351	Sylvilagus mansuetus	Nelson 1907	SPECIES			mansuetus	?	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.20 p.83			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	An insular allospecies closely related to bachmani (Chapman and Ceballos, 1990); a subspecies of bachmani according to Gureev (1964:171). Karyotype reported by Cervantes et al. (1996b). Reviewed by Thomas and Best (1994a, Mammalian Species, 464).	San Jose Brush Rabbit
13500352	Sylvilagus nuttallii	Bachman 1837	SPECIES			nuttallii	Sylvilagus	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.7 p.345		artemesia  (Bachman, 1839); grangeri (J. Allen, 1895); perplicatus Elliott, 1904; pinetis (J. Allen, 1894).	Intermountain area of North America from S British Columbia to S Saskatchewan (Canada), south to E California, Nevada, C Arizona, and NW New Mexico (USA).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Sylvilagus (Gureev, 1964:168). This species is closely allopatric with S. floridanus where the two species ranges meet across the N and C Great Plains (see map 223, Hall, 1981), and in the Southwestern USA (Hoffmeister and Lee, 1963b). Reviewed by Chapman (1975a, Mammalian Species, 56).	Mountain Cottontail
13500353	Sylvilagus nuttallii subsp. nuttallii	Bachman 1837	SUBSPECIES		nuttallii	nuttallii	Sylvilagus	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.7 p.345						
13500354	Sylvilagus nuttallii subsp. grangeri	J. Allen 1895	SUBSPECIES		grangeri	nuttallii	Sylvilagus	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500355	Sylvilagus nuttallii subsp. pinetis	J. Allen 1894	SUBSPECIES		pinetis	nuttallii	Sylvilagus	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500356	Sylvilagus obscurus	Chapman et al. 1992	SPECIES			obscurus	Sylvilagus	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.105 4 p.858			N Pennsylvania south and west along the Appalachian Mtns to N Alabama.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Sylvilagus. Ruedas (1986), and Ruedas et al. (1989) were the first to compare chromosomes of S. transitionalis (see below) and to discover the existence of two cytotypes, 2n=52 in the N Appalachians (transitionalis proper), and 2n=46 in the S Appalachians; the latter was eventually named obscurus (Chapman et al., 1992).	Appalachian Cottontail
13500357	Sylvilagus palustris	Bachman 1837	SPECIES			palustris	Tapeti	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.7 p.194		douglasii  (Gray, 1837); hefneri Lazell, 1984; paludicola (Miller and Bangs, 1894).	Florida to SE Virginia (Dismal Swamp) (USA) in coastal lowlands.	U.S. ESA  Endangered as S. p. hefneri; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc); IUCN  Endangered as S. p. hefneri, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Tapeti (Gureev, 1964:162). S. aquaticus and S. palustris share a derived karyotype, 2n=38 (Robinson et al., 1983, 1984). Reviewed by Chapman and Willner (1981, Mammalian Species, 153).	Marsh Rabbit
13500358	Sylvilagus palustris subsp. palustris	Bachman 1837	SUBSPECIES		palustris	palustris	Tapeti	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.7 p.194						
13500359	Sylvilagus palustris subsp. hefneri	Lazell 1984	SUBSPECIES		hefneri	palustris	Tapeti	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500360	Sylvilagus palustris subsp. paludicola	Miller and Bangs 1894	SUBSPECIES		paludicola	palustris	Tapeti	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13700585	Sorex saussurei subsp. saussurei	Merriam 1892	SUBSPECIES		saussurei	saussurei	unnamed subgenus, see comments	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.7 p.173						
13700586	Sorex saussurei subsp. godmani	Merriam 1897	SUBSPECIES		godmani	saussurei	unnamed subgenus, see comments	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13500361	Sylvilagus robustus	Bailey 1905	SPECIES			robustus	Sylvilagus	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	North American Fauna vol.25 p.159		nelsoni Baker, 1955; pinetis robustus (Bailey, 1905).	Chisos, Davis and Guadalupe Mountains of Texas and New Mexico, and Sierra de la Madera of adjacent Coahuila (Mexico). Perhaps also in the Sierra del Carmen (Ruedas, 1998).	Not Evaluated; likely endangered.	Subgenus Sylvilagus. Formerly considered a subspecies of S. floridanus, but see Ruedas (1998).	Robust Cottontail
13500362	Sylvilagus transitionalis	Bangs 1895	SPECIES			transitionalis	Sylvilagus	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. vol.26 p.405			Boreal habitats from S Maine to S New York, mostly east of the Hudson River.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Subgenus Sylvilagus (Gureev, 1964:166). Reviewed by Chapman (1975, Mammalian Species, 55). Also see comments under S. obscurus.	New England Cottontail
13600022	Erinaceus roumanicus subsp. roumanicus	Barrett-Hamilton 1900	SUBSPECIES		roumanicus	roumanicus		Erinaceus	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.5 p.365						
13500363	Sylvilagus varynaensis	Durant and Guevara 2001	SPECIES			varynaensis	Tapeti	Sylvilagus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha	Revista de Biologia Tropical vol.49 1 p.370			Presently known only from the states of Barinas, Guarico, and Portuguesa, Venezuela.	Not Evaluated; likely endangered.	Subgenus Tapeti. Probably sympatric with S. brasiliensis and S. floridanus, but larger than either (Durant and Guevara, 2001).	Venezuelan Lowland Rabbit
13600001	Erinaceomorpha	Gregory 1910	ORDER							Erinaceomorpha						Formerly included in the Insectivora (as in the last edition; Hutterer, 1993a) or Lipotyphla, but treated here as a separate order in consequence of the obvious paraphyletic nature of the Insectivora clade (Asher et al., 2002; Stanhope et al., 1998). Various genetic studies (Emerson et al., 1999; Liu et al., 2001; Mouchaty et al., 2000a, b; Nikaido et al., 2001) demonstrated that hedgehogs and soricomorphs keep distant positions in phylogenetic trees. Such results reflect ideas earlier expressed by paleontologists (Butler, 1988; McKenna, 1975) and are corroborated by a careful study of the morphology and relationships of fossil and extant zalambdodont mammals by Asher et al. (2002). The name Erinaceomorpha was proposed by Gregory (1910) and has since been widely used in the paleontological literature. It is adopted here in the sense of McKenna (1975) and Butler (1988). MacPhee and Novacek (1993) used it as a name for a suborder of Lipotyphla of unresolved relations... [truncated]	
13600002	Erinaceidae	G. Fischer 1814	FAMILY						Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha	Zoognosia tabulis synopticis illustrate vol.3 p.ix					Name often accredited to Bonaparte, 1838. Reviewed by Corbet (1988), Frost et al. (1991), and Gould (1995). Bannikova et al. (2002) reviewed the phylogenetic relations of most extant genera using the fingerprinting method. Includes Tupaiodontinae Butler, 1988 and Brachyericinae Butler, 1948 as extinct subfamilies (Lopatin and Zazhigin, 2003).	
13600003	Erinaceinae	G. Fischer 1814	SUBFAMILY						Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha	Zoognosia tabulis synopticis illustrate vol.3 p.ix					Reviewed by Robbins and Setzer (1985) and Corbet (1988). For a more general review, see Reeve (1994).	
13600004	Atelerix	Pomel 1848	GENUS					Atelerix	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha	Arch. Sci. Phys. Nat. Geneve vol.9 p.251	Erinaceus albiventris Wagner, 1841.	Aethechinus  Thomas, 1918; Peroechinus Fitzinger, 1866.			Formerly in Erinaceus, but see Robbins and Setzer (1985) and Corbet (1988:149). Some authors (Poduschka, 1990) retain Aethechinus as a genus.	
13600005	Atelerix albiventris	Wagner 1841	SPECIES			albiventris		Atelerix	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha	In Schreber, Die Säugethiere vol.Suppl.2 p.22		adansoni  (Rochebrune, 1883); atratus (Rhoads, 1896); diadematus (Fitzinger, 1867); faradjius J.A. Allen, 1922; heterodactylus (Sundevall, 1842); hindei (Thomas, 1910); kilimanus Thomas, 1918; langi J.A. Allen, 1922; lowei Setzer, 1956; oweni (Setzer, 1953); pruneri (Wagner, 1841); sotikae (Heller, 1910); spiculus (Thomas and Wroughton, 1907); spinifex Thomas, 1918	Savanna and steppe zones from Senegal to Eritrea and Somalia and south to the Zambezi River.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	No convincing subspecific arrangement has been proposed for this species. For synonyms see Corbet (1988:149) and Ansell (1974b).	Four-toed Hedgehog
13600006	Atelerix algirus	Lereboullet 1842	SPECIES			algirus		Atelerix	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha	Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Strasbourg vol.3 2 p.art. QQ:4		caniculus  (Thomas, 1915); diadematus (Dobson, 1882) [not of Fitzinger, 1867]; fallax (Dobson, 1882); lavaudeni (Cabrera, 1928); girbanensis Vesmanis, 1980; vagans Thomas, 1901; ? krugi (Peters, 1877).	Coastal Western Sahara to Algeria, Tunisia, and N Libya; introduced into Canary Isls, Balearic Isls, Malta, and Mediterranean France and Spain; one historical record from Puerto Rico.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Authorship is often credited to Duvernoy and Lereboullet, 1842, but Saint-Girons (1972) showed that Lereboullet was the only author. Hutterer (1983c) recognized vagans and girbanensis as subspecies.	North African Hedgehog
13600007	Atelerix algirus subsp. algirus	Lereboullet 1842	SUBSPECIES		algirus	algirus		Atelerix	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha	Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Strasbourg vol.3 2 p.art. QQ:4						
13600008	Atelerix algirus subsp. girbanensis	Vesmanis 1980	SUBSPECIES		girbanensis	algirus		Atelerix	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha							
13600009	Atelerix algirus subsp. vagans	Thomas 1901	SUBSPECIES		vagans	algirus		Atelerix	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha							
13700587	Sorex sclateri	Merriam 1897	SPECIES			sclateri	unnamed subgenus, see comments	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.11 p.228			Endemic to Mexico; known from two localities in Chiapas (Carraway, ms).	IUCN  Endangered.	Referred to unnamed subgenus by George (1988:456).	Sclater's Shrew
13600010	Atelerix frontalis	A. Smith 1831	SPECIES			frontalis		Atelerix	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha	S. Afr. Quart. J. vol.2 p.10, 29		capensis  (A. Smith, 1831) [nomen nudum]; fractilis (Peters, 1877); angolae (Thomas, 1918); angolensis (Roberts, 1951); diadematus (Dobson, 1882) [not of Fitzinger, 1867].	S South Africa to E Botswana and W Zimbabwe; and Namibia to SW Angola.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Genus allocation uncertain. Results of Bannikova et al. (2002) obtained with the fingerprinting method indicate that frontalis does not form a monophyletic group with other species of Atelerix and thus may deserve a genus of its own. Meester et al. (1986:15) listed angolae as a valid subspecies.	Southern African Hedgehog
13600011	Atelerix frontalis subsp. frontalis	A. Smith 1831	SUBSPECIES		frontalis	frontalis		Atelerix	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha	S. Afr. Quart. J. vol.2 p.10, 29						
13600012	Atelerix frontalis subsp. angolae	Thomas 1918	SUBSPECIES		angolae	frontalis		Atelerix	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha							
13600013	Atelerix sclateri	Anderson 1895	SPECIES			sclateri		Atelerix	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1895 p.415			N Somalia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Closely related to albiventris and might be only a subspecies, see Corbet (1988:152). Reviewed by Poduschka (1990).	Somali Hedgehog
13600014	Erinaceus	Linnaeus 1758	GENUS					Erinaceus	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.52	Erinaceus europaeus Linnaeus, 1758.	Herinaceus  Mina-Palumbo, 1868.			Formerly included Atelerix and Aethechinus; see Corbet (1988) and comments under Atelerix. Does not include Mesechinus, see comments therein. The genetic relationships among European populations were studied by Filippucci and Simson (1996), Santucci et al. (1998), and Seddon et al. (2002).	
13600015	Erinaceus amurensis	Schrenk 1859	SPECIES			amurensis		Erinaceus	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha	Reisen im Amur-Lande vol.1 p.pl. 4, fig. 2:100		chinensis  Satunin, 1907; dealbatus Swinhoe, 1870; hanensis Matschie, 1907; koreanus Lönnberg, 1922; koreensis Mori, 1922; kreyenbergi Matschie, 1907; orientalis J. Allen, 1903; tschifuensis Matschie, 1907; ussuriensis Satunin, 1907.	Russia; Amur River and tributaries, from Zeya eastward, then south through E China to Hunan Prov.; Korea.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Formerly included in europaeus (see Corbet, 1978c, Gromov and Baranova, 1981, also Zhang et al., 1997); but considered distinct by Corbet (1984), Zaitsev (1984), and Bannikova et al. (1996). Range and subspecific boundaries uncertain, partly due to confusion with Hemiechinus, see Corbet (1988:144). Indomalayan range mapped by Corbet and Hill (1992), Chinese range by Zhang et al. (1997).	Amur Hedgehog
13600016	Erinaceus concolor	Martin 1837 "1838"	SPECIES			concolor		Erinaceus	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1837 p.103		carmelitus  Bate, 1932; ponticus Satunin, 1907; sacer Thomas, 1918; sharonis Bate, 1937; rhodius Festa, 1914; transcaucasicus Satunin, 1905.	Asia Minor to Israel, Syria, Lebanon, Iraq and Iran; S Caucasus.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Formerly included in europaeus; but see Kratochvíl (1975), Kral (1967), Orlov (1969), Suchentrunk et al. (1998), among others. Recently two genotypes have been discovered (Filippucci and Simson, 1996, Santucci et al., 1998, Seddon et al., 2002) that correspond to two morphotypes (Krytufek, 2002b; Krytufek and Vohralik, 2001). As suggested by Filippucci and Simson (1996), we distinguish here a southern (E. concolor) and a northern (E. roumanicus) species. This step has also been taken by Bannikova et al. (2002). The map in Mitchell-Jones et al. (1999) refers mainly to E. roumanicus. The inclusion of rhodius follows a suggestion of B. Krytufek (in litt., 2003) but still needs closer study.	Southern White-Breasted Hedgehog
13600017	Erinaceus concolor subsp. concolor	Martin 1837 "1838"	SUBSPECIES		concolor	concolor		Erinaceus	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1837 p.103						
13600018	Erinaceus concolor subsp. rhodius	Festa 1914	SUBSPECIES		rhodius	concolor		Erinaceus	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha							
13600019	Erinaceus concolor subsp. transcaucasicus	Satunin 1905	SUBSPECIES		transcaucasicus	concolor		Erinaceus	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha							
13600020	Erinaceus europaeus	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			europaeus		Erinaceus	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.52		caniceps  H. Smith, 1845; caninus Geoffroy, 1803; consolei Barrett-Hamilton, 1900; centralrossicus Ognev, 1926; echinus Schulze, 1897; erinaceus (Blumenbach, 1779); hispanicus Barrett-Hamilton, 1900; italicus Barrett-Hamilton, 1900; meridionalis Altobello, 1920; occidentalis Barrett-Hamilton, 1900; suillus Geoffroy, 1803; typicus Barrett-Hamilton, 1900.	W Europe; Spain to Italy and Istrian Peninsula; north to Poland, Scandinavia and NW European Russia. Islands of Ireland, Britain, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, Azores (Mathias et al., 1998), and many smaller islands. European range mapped by Holz and Niethammer (1990:37) and Mitchell-Jones et al. (1999). Introduced to New Zealand, see King (1990).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Formerly included amurensis, concolor, and roumanicus, see comments therein. Reviewed by Holz and Niethammer (1990). Subspecific boundaries are unresolved (Corbet, 1988:137) but studies of allozyme variation (Filippucci and Simson, 1996), and of mitochondrial DNA variation (Kretteck et al., 1995, Santucci et al., 1998) indicate a strong east-west geographical partitioning of the European populations, with Spain, France and Great Britain on one side, and Italy, Corsica, Germany and Sweden on the other side. A single sample from Sicily clustered with the western group and obscured the otherwise clear pattern (Santucci et al., 1998). Filippucci and Simson (1996) suggested that E. hispanicus could represent a distinct species, an assumption principally supported by the genetic study of Santucci et al. (1998). However, other than in the case of E. concolor and E. roumanicus, the geographic sampling of the E. europaeus group is still insuffici... [truncated]	West European Hedgehog
13600021	Erinaceus roumanicus	Barrett-Hamilton 1900	SPECIES			roumanicus		Erinaceus	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.5 p.365		abasgicus  Satunin, 1907; cabardinicus Tembotov, Dzuev and Khemykhov, 1984; danubicus Matschie, 1901; dissimilis Stein, 1930; kievensis Charlemagne, 1915; bolkayi V. Martino, 1930; drozdovskii V. and E. Martino, 1933; nesiotes Bate, 1906; pallidus Stroganov, 1957.	E Europe from Poland to Austria and Slovenia; the Balkan states, Greek and Adriatic isls including Crete, Corfu, and Rhodes; Turkish Thrace; eastwards through Russsia and Ukraine to N Caucasus, W Siberia and River Ob.		Formerly included in europaeus, but see Kratochvíl (1975), Kral (1967), Orlov (1969), Suchentrunk et al. (1998), among others. Subsequently included in concolor, but new genetic (Bannikova et al., 2002; Filippucci and Simson, 1996; Santucci et al., 1998) and morphological data (Krytufek, 2002b; Krytufek and Vohralik, 2001) suggest that concolor and roumanicus are two distinct species with parapatric distributions. Geographic variation of roumanicus was studied by Corbet (1988), Giagia and Ondrias (1980), Do&#287;ramaci and Gündüz (1993), Giagia-Athanasopoulou and Markakis (1996), and Krytufek and Vohralik (2001). Some forms may deserve subspecies status, but the above arrangement is still tentative. The European range of the species is shown under E. concolor in Mitchell-Jones et al. (1999).	Northern White-Breasted Hedgehog
13600027	Hemiechinus	Fitzinger 1866	GENUS					Hemiechinus	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha	Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien vol.54 1 p.565	Erinaceus platyotis Sundevall, 1842 (= Erinaceus auritus Gmelin, 1770).	Ericius  Sundevall, 1842 [not of Tilesius, 1813]; Erinaceolus Ognev, 1928; Macroechinus Satunin, 1907.			Regarded as a subgenus of Erinaceus by Gureev (1979:168) and Gromov and Baranova (1981:9). Corbet (1978c:15) considered Hemiechinus a distinct genus, later reviewed by Corbet (1988), who included Mesechinus, see comments therein. Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987:12-13) included Paraechinus in Hemiechinus as a valid subgenus, as did Frost et al. (1991:27), while Corbet (1988) argued for a generic separation of Paraechinus. Morshed and Patton (2002) analyzed a part of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of Hemiechinus auritus, Paraechinus aethiopicus and P. hypomelas and found that Hemiechinus is paraphyletic with respect to Paraechinus. Bannikova et al. (2002) used the fingerprinting method to analyze the relationships between Erinaceus, Hemiechinus, Paraechinus, Atelerix and Neotetracus. They also found that Hemiechinus and Paraechinus do not form a mo... [truncated]	
13600028	Hemiechinus auritus	Gmelin 1770	SPECIES			auritus		Hemiechinus	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha	Nova Comm. Acad. Sci. Petropoli vol.14 p.519		albulus  (Stoliczka, 1872); aegyptius (E. Geoffroy, 1803); alaschanicus Satunin, 1907; brachyotis Satunin, 1908; calligoni (Satunin, 1901); caspicus (Sundevall, 1842); chorassanicus Laptev, 1926; dorotheae Spitzenberger, 1978; frontalis (Dobson, 1882) [not of Smith, 1831]; holdereri Matschie, 1922; homalacanthus Stroganov, 1944; insularis Timofeyev, 1934; libycus (Ehrenberg, 1833); major Ognev and Heptner, 1928; megalotis (Blyth, 1845); metwallyi Setzer, 1957; microtis Laptev, 1925; minor Satunin, 1907; persicus Satunin, 1907; platyotis (Sundevall, 1842); russowi Satunin, 1907; syriacus (Wood, 1876); turanicus (Satunin, 1905); turfanicus Matschie, 1911; turkestanicus Ognev, 1928 [see Corbet, 1988, and Frost et al., 1991].	Steppe zone from E Ukraine to Mongolia in the north and from Libya to W Pakistan in the south.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Corbet (1988:159) accepted albulus, auritus, and megalotis as valid subspecies; megalotis was formerly regarded as a distinct species but intergrades with auritus in Afghanistan; see Niethammer (1973) and Morshed and Patton (2002), who found a small genetic distance between the forms auritus and megalotis within Iran. Osborn and Helmy (1980:57-64) recognized two subspecies within Egypt, aegyptius and libycus. The form of Cyprus (dorotheae) may be also distinct but was probably introduced by man (Boye, 1991:115). Arabian records reviewed by Harrison and Bates (1991) and supplemented by Benda and Obuch (2001). Turkish long-eared hedgehogs have 2N=48 chromosomes, with a NFa ranging from 90 to 92 (Colak et al., 1998; Kefelioglu, 1998). For synonyms see Corbet,(1988) and Frost et al.(1991)	Long-eared Hedgehog
13600029	Hemiechinus auritus subsp. auritus	Gmelin 1770	SUBSPECIES		auritus	auritus		Hemiechinus	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha	Nova Comm. Acad. Sci. Petropoli vol.14 p.519						
13600030	Hemiechinus auritus subsp. albulus	Stoliczka 1872	SUBSPECIES		albulus	auritus		Hemiechinus	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha							
13600031	Hemiechinus auritus subsp. aegyptius	E. Geoffroy 1803	SUBSPECIES		aegyptius	auritus		Hemiechinus	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha							
13600032	Hemiechinus auritus subsp. libycus	Ehrenberg 1833	SUBSPECIES		libycus	auritus		Hemiechinus	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha							
13600033	Hemiechinus auritus subsp. megalotis	Blyth 1845	SUBSPECIES		megalotis	auritus		Hemiechinus	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha							
13600034	Hemiechinus collaris	Gray 1830	SPECIES			collaris		Hemiechinus	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha	In Hardwicke, Illust. Indian Zool. vol.1 p.pl.8		grayi  (Bennett, 1832); indicus (Royle, 1833); spatangus (Bennett, 1832).	Pakistan and NW India.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Formerly included in auritus, but Roberts (1977) indicated that there is discontinuity in distribution and morphology between collaris (which he called auritus collaris) and auritus (which he called megalotis).	Indian Long-eared Hedgehog
13700618	Sorex veraepacis subsp. veraepacis	Alston 1877	SUBSPECIES		veraepacis	veraepacis	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1877 p.445						
13600035	Mesechinus	Ognev 1951	GENUS					Mesechinus	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha	Byull. Moskow. Ova. Ispyt. Prir. Otd. Biol. vol.56 p.8	Erinaceus dauuricus Sundevall, 1842.				Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987:11) proposed to place Mesechinus as subgenus in Erinaceus while Corbet (1988:163) included it in Hemiechinus, as did Bannikova et al. (1996) based on molecular data. In a new dendrogram based on fingerprinting data, Bannikova et al. (2002) included dauuricus also in Hemiechinus; the species plotted next though rather distant to four H. auritus samples. Frost et al. (1991:30) concluded that Mesechinus deserves full generic status, a conclusion supported by Gould (1995) in his comprehensive re-analysis of morphological hedgehog characters, and by Korablev et al. (1996) on the basis of chromosomal data.	
13600036	Mesechinus dauuricus	Sundevall 1841 "1842"	SPECIES			dauuricus		Mesechinus	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha	K. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. Stockholm vol.1841 p.237		manchuricus  (Mori, 1926); przewalskii (Satunin, 1907); ? sibiricus (Erxleben, 1777)	NE Mongolia east to upper Amur Basin in Russia and adjacent parts of Inner Mongolia and W Manchuria, China.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>Species sometimes included in Hemiechinus (Corbet and Hill, 1992), but see Frost et al. (1991) and Gould (1995). Includes and has precedence over sibiricus; see Corbet (1978c:15; 1988). A considerable confusion of names has occurred in the literature; see Corbet (1988:163). Possibly includes miodon, see comments under M. hughi. Chinese range mapped by Zhang et al. (1997).</p>	Daurian Hedgehog
13800173	Micropteropus intermedius	Hayman 1963	SPECIES			intermedius		Micropteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Publ. Cult. Comp. Diamantes Angola vol.66 p.100			N Angola, SE Dem. Rep. Congo.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Rare. IUCN 2003  Data Deficient.		Hayman's Lesser Epauletted Fruit Bat
13600051	Paraechinus micropus	Blyth 1846	SPECIES			micropus		Paraechinus	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.15 p.170		intermedius  Biswas and Ghose, 1970; kutchicus Biswas and Ghose, 1970; mentalis (Fitzinger, 1867); pictus (Stoliczka, 1872).	The arid zones of Pakistan and NW India.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Hemiechinus micropus.	Biswas and Ghose (1970) regarded intermedius as a species but Corbet (1988:156-157) included it in Paraechinus micropus as a synonym. Range mapped by Corbet and Hill (1992).	Indian Hedgehog
13600037	Mesechinus hughi	Thomas 1908	SPECIES			hughi		Mesechinus	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha	Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1908 63 p.44		miodon  (Thomas, 1908); sylvaticus Ma, 1964.	Known from around two localities in Shaanxi and Shanxi Prov., C China.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Formerly included in Erinaceus europaeus by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951:21), and in Hemiechinus dauuricus (here called Mesechinus dauuricus) by Corbet (1978c:15) and Corbet and Hill (1992:22). Includes H. sylvaticus described by Ma (1964:35). The form miodon, known from an isolated population in the Ordos desert, Shaanxi, has been alternatively assigned to M. dauuricus or to M. hughi, see discussion in Frost et al. (1991) for tentative placement here.	Hughs Hedgehog
13600038	Paraechinus	Trouessart 1879	GENUS					Paraechinus	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha	Rev. Zool. Paris vol.7 p.242	Erinaceus micropus Blyth, 1846.	Macroechinus  Satunin, 1907.			Reviewed by Corbet (1988). Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987:12-13) included Paraechinus in Hemiechinus as a valid subgenus, as did Frost et al. (1991:27), while Corbet (1988) argued for a generic separation of Paraechinus. Morshed and Patton (2002) provided DNA sequence data for animals from Iran and the Arabian Peninsula, representing Paraechinus aethiopicus and P. hypomelas. Their results show that Hemiechinus and Paraechinus are not sister taxa and are therefore best kept as distinct genera, but also show that P. aethiopicus and P. hypomelas are highly divergent (15.7%) from one another. Further support for a generic distinction of Paraechinus and Hemiechinus based on fingerprinting data was recently provided by Bannikova et al. (2002). Further molecular studies of the species united here under Paraechinus will add to our understanding of the phylogeny of this group, and may also lead to a further revisi... [truncated]	
13600039	Paraechinus aethiopicus	Ehrenberg 1832	SPECIES			aethiopicus		Paraechinus	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha	Symb. Phys. Mamm. vol.2 p.sig. k, footnote		albatus  Thomas, 1922; albior Pocock, 1934; blancalis Thomas, 1921; brachydactylus (Wagner, 1841); deserti (Loche, 1858); ludlowi Thomas, 1919; oniscus Thomas, 1922; pallidus (Fitzinger, 1867); pectoralis (Heuglin, 1861); dorsalis (Anderson and de Winton, 1901); sennaariensis (Hedenborg, 1839) [nomen nudum]; wassifi Setzer, 1957.	Sahara from Mauritania to Egypt and Awash, Ethiopia; Arabian deserts from Syria to Yemen; insular populations on Djerba (Tunisia), Bahrain and Tanb (Persian Gulf).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Hemiechinus aethiopicus.	Species and subspecies arrangement unclear; Corbet (1988:153-154) retained Arabian dorsalis (= pectoralis) as a subspecies, while Osborn and Helmy (1980) regarded aethiopicus, deserti and dorsalis as distinct species. Reviewed by Harrison and Bates (1991), who considered pectoralis, ludlowi and albatus as valid subspecies. Nader and Al-Safadi (1993), Kock and Ebenau (1996), and Benda and Obuch (2001) provided new distribution records. Morshed and Patton (2002) provided DNA sequence data from Saudi Arabia.	Desert Hedgehog
13600040	Paraechinus aethiopicus subsp. aethiopicus	Ehrenberg 1832	SUBSPECIES		aethiopicus	aethiopicus		Paraechinus	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha	Symb. Phys. Mamm. vol.2 p.sig. k, footnote						
13600041	Paraechinus aethiopicus subsp. albatus	Thomas 1922	SUBSPECIES		albatus	aethiopicus		Paraechinus	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha							
13600042	Paraechinus aethiopicus subsp. deserti	Loche 1858	SUBSPECIES		deserti	aethiopicus		Paraechinus	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha							
13600043	Paraechinus aethiopicus subsp. ludlowi	Thomas 1919	SUBSPECIES		ludlowi	aethiopicus		Paraechinus	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha							
13600044	Paraechinus aethiopicus subsp. pectoralis	Heuglin 1861	SUBSPECIES		pectoralis	aethiopicus		Paraechinus	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha							
13700619	Sorex veraepacis subsp. chiapensis	Jackson 1925	SUBSPECIES		chiapensis	veraepacis	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13600045	Paraechinus hypomelas	Brandt 1836	SPECIES			hypomelas		Paraechinus	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha	Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersbourg vol.1 p.32		amir  Thomas, 1918; blanfordi (Anderson, 1878); eversmanni Ognev, 1927; jerdoni (Anderson, 1878); macracanthus (Blanford, 1875); niger (Blanford, 1878); sabaeus Thomas, 1922; seniculus Thomas, 1922.	Arid steppe and desert zones from Iran and Turkmenistan east almost to Tashkent (Uzbekistan), to the Indus River and N Pakistan; isolates in Saudi Arabia, Oman, Yemen and on the islands of Tanb and Kharg in the Persian Gulf.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Hemiechinus hypomelas.	Type species of Macroechinus Satunin. Includes eversmanni, sabaeus and seniculus as possible and blanfordi as a distinct subspecies; see Corbet (1988:155). Species reviewed by Nader (1991) and Harrison and Bates (1991). DNA sequence data of animals from Iran diverge strongly from P. aethiopicus (Morshed and Patton, 2002).	Brandts Hedgehog
13600046	Paraechinus hypomelas subsp. hypomelas	Brandt 1836	SUBSPECIES		hypomelas	hypomelas		Paraechinus	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha	Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersbourg vol.1 p.32						
13600047	Paraechinus hypomelas subsp. blanfordi	Anderson 1878	SUBSPECIES		blanfordi	hypomelas		Paraechinus	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha							
13600052	Paraechinus nudiventris	Horsfield 1851	SPECIES			nudiventris		Paraechinus	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha	Cat. Mamm. Mus. E. India Co. p.136			Few records from the S Indian provinces Madras (= Tamil Nadu) and Travancore (= Kerala).	IUCN  Vulnerable as Hemiechinus nudiventris.	Biswas and Ghose (1970) gave nudiventris specific rank while Corbet (1988:156-157) regarded it as a distinct subspecies of micropus. Provisionally listed as a species, following Frost et al. (1991:29).	Bare-bellied Hedgehog
13600053	Galericinae	Pomel 1848	SUBFAMILY						Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha	Arch. Sci. Phys. Nat. vol.9 p.249		Echinosoricinae Cabrera, 1925; Gymnurinae Gill, 1872; Hylomyinae Anderson, 1879.			Also known as Echinosoricinae or Hylomyinae. Frost et al. (1991:23) rejected the use of Galericinae, a view not shared by Corbet and Hill (1992) and McKenna and Bell (1997), among others. Reviewed (in part) by Frost et al. (1991), Ruedi et al. (1994), and Jenkins and Robinson (2002). Their views are not always congruent. Hoek Ostende (2001) reviewed the fossil record of the Galericini which dates back into the Oligocene of France, and Mein and Ginsburg (1997) documented Miocene records from Thailand.	
13600054	Echinosorex	Blainville 1838	GENUS					Echinosorex	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha	C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris vol.6 p.742	Viverra gymnura Raffles, 1822.	Gymnura  Lesson, 1827 [preoccupied by Gymnura Kuhl, 1824 (a fish); see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951:17) and Medway (1977:15)].				
13600055	Echinosorex gymnura	Raffles 1822	SPECIES			gymnura		Echinosorex	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha	Trans. Linn. Soc. London vol.13 p.272		birmanica  (Trouessart, 1879); minor (Lyon, 1909); rafflesii (Lesson, 1827); alba (Giebel, 1863); borneotica (Fitzinger, 1868); candida (Günther, 1876).	Malayan Peninsula, Borneo and Sumatra, Labuan Isl.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Two subspecies, gymnura (Sumatra and Malay Peninsula) and alba (Borneo) are recognized; see Corbet (1988:128). The common spelling of the specific epithet as gymnurus is incorrect; see Frost et al. (1991:24).	Moonrat
13600056	Echinosorex gymnura subsp. gymnura	Raffles 1822	SUBSPECIES		gymnura	gymnura		Echinosorex	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha	Trans. Linn. Soc. London vol.13 p.272						
13600057	Echinosorex gymnura subsp. alba	Giebel 1863	SUBSPECIES		alba	gymnura		Echinosorex	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha							
13600058	Hylomys	Müller 1840	GENUS					Hylomys	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha	In Temminck, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Nederland Overz. Bezitt., Zool., Zoogd. Indisch. Archipel p.50 [1840]	Hylomys suillus Müller, 1840.				Fossil Hylomys have been documented in Miocene sediments of Thailand (Mein and Ginsburg, 1997). The taxonomy of the extant species was partly revised by Ruedi et al. (1994). Frost et al. (1991) and Jenkins and Robinson (2002) included Neohylomys and Neotetracus in Hylomys, but both genera were retained as separate taxa by Corbet (1988) and Mein and Ginsburg (1997).	
13600059	Hylomys megalotis	Jenkins and M. F. Robinson 2002	SPECIES			megalotis		Hylomys	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha	Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Lond. (Zool.) vol.68 p.2			Known only from the type locality.		A very distinct species with long ears and a long skull. Jenkins and Robinson (2002) performed a phylogenetic analysis of skeletal characters of the species of Galericinae and included five species in Hylomys. They did not, however, consider paleontological data presented by Mein and Ginsburg (1997) who retained Neotetracus and Neohylomys as separate genera. A genetic study is warranted to test the phylogenetic hypothesis presented by Jenkins and Robinson (2002).	Long-eared Gymnure
13700620	Sorex veraepacis subsp. mutabilis	Merriam 1898	SUBSPECIES		mutabilis	veraepacis	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13600060	Hylomys parvus	Robinson and Kloss 1916	SPECIES			parvus		Hylomys	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha	J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. vol.73 p.269			Restricted to the highlands of Mt. Kerinchi, Sumatra.	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Revised by Ruedi et al. (1994).	Dwarf Gymnure
13600061	Hylomys suillus	Müller 1840	SPECIES			suillus		Hylomys	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha	In Temminck, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Nederland Overz. Bezitt., Zool., Zoogd. Indisch. Archipel. p.50 [1840]		dorsalis  Thomas, 1888; maxi Sody, 1933; microtinus Thomas, 1925; pegunensis Blyth, 1859; siamensis Kloss, 1916; tionis Chasen, 1940.	Peninsular Malaysia to Indochina and the Yunnan/Burma border; islands of Borneo, Java, Sumatra and Tioman.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Revised by Ruedi et al. (1994) who considered suillus, maxi, dorsalis, siamensis and probably peguensis, microtinus, and tionis as valid subspecies. Further genetic studies by Ruedi and Fumagalli (1996) suggest that siamensis, maxi and dorsalis may even be distinct species.	Short-tailed Gymnure
13600062	Hylomys suillus subsp. suillus	Müller 1840	SUBSPECIES		suillus	suillus		Hylomys	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha	In Temminck, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Nederland Overz. Bezitt., Zool., Zoogd. Indisch. Archipel. p.50 [1840]						
13600063	Hylomys suillus subsp. dorsalis	Thomas 1888	SUBSPECIES		dorsalis	suillus		Hylomys	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha							
13600064	Hylomys suillus subsp. maxi	Sody 1933	SUBSPECIES		maxi	suillus		Hylomys	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha							
13600065	Hylomys suillus subsp. microtinus	Thomas 1925	SUBSPECIES		microtinus	suillus		Hylomys	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha							
13600066	Hylomys suillus subsp. pegunensis	Blyth 1859	SUBSPECIES		pegunensis	suillus		Hylomys	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha							
13600070	Neohylomys hainanensis	Shaw and Wong 1959	SPECIES			hainanensis		Neohylomys	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha	Acta Zool. Sinica vol.11 p.422			Hainan Isl (China).	IUCN  Endangered as Hylomys hainanensis.	Corbet (1988:127) and Mein and Ginsburg (1997) retained the genus Neohylomys for this species. Jenkins and Robinson (2002) included it in Hylomys.	Hainan Gymnure
13600071	Neotetracus	Trouessart 1909	GENUS					Neotetracus	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.4 p.389	Neotetracus sinensis Trouessart, 1909.				Reviewed by Corbet (1988) and Frost et al. (1991). The latter authors and Jenkins and Robinson (2002) included it in Hylomys as a synonym or subgenus, but Corbet (1988) retained it, and Mein and Ginsburg (1997) described a Miocene species, Neotetracus butleri Mein and Ginsburg, 1997.	
13600072	Neotetracus sinensis	Trouessart 1909	SPECIES			sinensis		Neotetracus	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.4 p.390		cuttingi  Anthony, 1941; fulvescens Osgood, 1932.	S China in Sichuan and Yunnan, and adjacent parts of Burma and N Vietnam.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt) as Hylomys sinensis.	Corbet (1988:127) retained the genus Neotetracus for this species, as did Mein and Ginsburg (1997). In a comparative genetic study of six hedgehog genera by Bannikova et al. (2002), Neotetracus (and Hylomys) formed the most basal taxa in the dendrograms.	Shrew Gymnure
13600073	Podogymnura	Mearns 1905	GENUS					Podogymnura	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha	Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. vol.28 p.436	Podogymnura truei Mearns, 1905.				Reviewed by Heaney and Morgan (1982), Corbet (1988), and Frost et al. (1991).	
13600074	Podogymnura aureospinula	Heaney and Morgan 1982	SPECIES			aureospinula		Podogymnura	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.95 p.14			Dinagat Isl (Philippines).	IUCN  Endangered.	Heaney and Morgan (1982) suggested "golden-spined gymnure" as an English name, but Poduschka and Poduschka (1985) argued that the stiff dorsal hairs are not always spiny and golden, and Corbet and Hill (1991:27) suggested "spiny moonrat" as a common name. Heaney and Morgan (1982) considered that generic rank might be justified for this species but decided to include it in Podogymnura in order to emphasize the close relationship between the two species of Philippine gymnures; see also Corbet (1988:130-131).	Dinagat Gymnure
13600075	Podogymnura truei	Mearns 1905	SPECIES			truei		Podogymnura	Erinaceidae	Erinaceomorpha	Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. vol.28 p.437		minima  Sanborn, 1954.	Mindanao Isl (Philippines).	IUCN  Endangered.	Includes minima Sanborn, 1953; see data of Heaney and Morgan (1982).	Mindanao Gymnure
13802545	Myotis siligorensis subsp. sowerbyi	Howell 1926	SUBSPECIES		sowerbyi	siligorensis		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13800306	Pteropus hypomelanus subsp. satyrus	K. Andersen 1908	SUBSPECIES		satyrus	hypomelanus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						subnigerspecies group.	
13800307	Pteropus hypomelanus subsp. simalurus	Thomas 1923	SUBSPECIES		simalurus	hypomelanus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						subnigerspecies group.	
13800308	Pteropus hypomelanus subsp. tomesi	Peters 1869	SUBSPECIES		tomesi	hypomelanus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						subnigerspecies group.	
13800340	Pteropus neohibernicus subsp. hilli	Felten 1961	SUBSPECIES		hilli	neohibernicus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						neohibernicus species group.	
13800355	Pteropus rayneri subsp. rayneri	Gray 1870	SUBSPECIES		rayneri	rayneri		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Cat. Monkeys, Lemurs, Fruit-eating Bats Brit. Mus. p.108		&nbsp; 			chrysoproctus species group.	
13800356	Pteropus rayneri subsp. grandis	Thomas 1887	SUBSPECIES		grandis	rayneri		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						chrysoproctus species group.	
13800357	Pteropus rayneri subsp. lavellanus	K. Andersen 1908	SUBSPECIES		lavellanus	rayneri		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						chrysoproctus species group.	
13800358	Pteropus rayneri subsp. monoensis	Lawrence 1945	SUBSPECIES		monoensis	rayneri		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						chrysoproctus species group.	
13800359	Pteropus rayneri subsp. rubianus	K. Andersen 1908	SUBSPECIES		rubianus	rayneri		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						chrysoproctus species group.	
13800388	Pteropus vampyrus subsp. sumatrensis	Ludeking 1862	SUBSPECIES		sumatrensis	vampyrus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						vampyrus species group.	
13802546	Myotis siligorensis subsp. thaianus	Shamel 1942	SUBSPECIES		thaianus	siligorensis		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13800427	Sphaerias	Miller 1906	GENUS					Sphaerias	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.19 p.83	Cynopterus blanfordi Thomas, 1891.					
13800466	Rhinolophus arcuatus subsp. angustifolius	Sanborn 1939	SUBSPECIES		angustifolius	arcuatus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						euryotis species group.	
13800025	Alionycteris	Kock 1969	GENUS					Alionycteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Senckenberg. Biol. vol.50 p.319	Alionycteris paucidentata Kock, 1969.					
14000028	Catopuma temminckii subsp. tristis	Milne-Edwards 1872	SUBSPECIES		tristis	temminckii		Catopuma	Felidae	Carnivora							
13800191	Nyctimene albiventer subsp. albiventer	Gray 1862 "1863"	SUBSPECIES		albiventer	albiventer		Nyctimene	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1862 p.262		&nbsp; 			albiventer species group.	
13800182	Nanonycteris veldkampii	Jentink 1888	SPECIES			veldkampii		Nanonycteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Notes Leyden Mus. vol.10 p.51			Guinea to Central African Republic.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	Sometimes misspelled veldkampi, but the original spelling is veldkampii.	Veldkamp's Dwarf Epauletted Fruit Bat
13800001	Chiroptera	Blumenbach 1779	ORDER							Chiroptera						As is the case for all species in this book, the conservation status for each bat species is reported below based upon listings of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), the United States Endangered Species Act (U.S. ESA), and the 2003 International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Redlist (here cited "IUCN 2003"). In addition, two IUCN/SSC Action Plans provide more detailed information. The Action Plan for Old World Fruit Bats (Pteropodidae; cited below as "IUCN/SSC Action Plan, 1992", compiled by Mickleburgh et al., 1992) is over a decade old, but provides detailed information on the conservation status of subspecies as well as species of pteropodids, including the status of taxa not thought to be at risk. This publication also summarizes considerable information on ecology and population biology of pteropodids. The conservation status of other families of bats was assessed more recently in the Glob... [truncated]	
13800002	Pteropodidae	Gray 1821	FAMILY						Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	London Med. Repos. vol.15 p.299		Cephalotidae Gray, 1821; Harpyidae H. Smith, 1842.			Various workers have recognized between two and six subfamilies of Pteropodidae including: Cynopterinae Andersen, 1912, Epomophorinae K. Andersen, 1912, Harpionycterinae Miller, 1907, Nyctimeninae Miller, 1907, Macroglossinae Gray, 1866, Rousettinae Andersen, 1912, and Pteropodinae Gray, 1821 (Bergmans, 1997; Corbet and Hill, 1980, 1992; Hill and Smith, 1984; Koopman, 1993, 1994; McKenna and Bell, 1997). Recent phylogenetic studies agree that Macroglossinae and Pteropodinae sensu Koopman (1993, 1994) and McKenna and Bell (1997) are not monophyletic (Alvarez et al., 1999; Giannini and Simmons, 2003; Hollar and Springer, 1997; Hood, 1989; Juste et al., 1997; Kirsch et al., 1995; Romagnoli and Springer, 2000; Springer et al., 1995). Monophyly of cynopterines and empomophorines has also been questioned (Alvarez et al., 1999; Hollar and Springer, 1997; Kirsch et al., 1995; Romagnoli and Springer, 2000). Instead of supporting traditional taxonomic groupings, phylogenetic studies based on DNA... [truncated]	
13800003	Acerodon	Jourdan 1837	GENUS					Acerodon	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	L'Echo du Monde Savant vol.4 No. 275 p.156	Pteropus jubatus Eschscholtz, 1831.				Very closely related to and possibly congeneric with Pteropus; see Musser et al. (1982a) and Corbet and Hill (1992).	
14000099	Leopardus pajeros subsp. budini	Pocock 1941	SUBSPECIES		budini	pajeros		Leopardus	Felidae	Carnivora							
13800004	Acerodon celebensis	Peters 1867	SPECIES			celebensis		Acerodon	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1867 p.333		arquatus  Miller and Hollister, 1921.	Sulawesi, Saleyer Isl, Sangihe Isls, Sula Isls (Indonesia).	CITES  Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  No data. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (nt).	Includes arquatus and Sulawesi specimens formerly in Pteropus argentatus (see Musser et al., 1982a). Also see Flannery (1995b).	Sulawesi Fruit Bat
13800005	Acerodon humilis	K. Andersen 1909	SPECIES			humilis		Acerodon	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.3 p.24-25			Talaud Isls (Indonesia).	CITES  Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  No Data: Limited Distribution. IUCN 2003  Vulnerable.	Previously known only from the holotype, which Flannery (1995b) suggested might be a chimera consisting of a mismatched skull from an individual of celebensis and a skin of a Pteropus hypomelanus However, Feiler (1990) described two additional museum specimens, and a living population of this taxon has recently been rediscovered (Riley, 2001). It appears to represent a distinct species.	Talaud Fruit Bat
13800006	Acerodon jubatus	Eschscholtz 1831	SPECIES			jubatus		Acerodon	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Zool. Atlas vol.Part 4 p.1		aurinuchalis  Elliot, 1896; pyrrhocephalus Meyen, 1833; lucifer Elliot, 1896; mindanensis K. Andersen, 1909.	Philippines except Palawan region.	CITES  Appendix I (and possibly extinct) as A. lucifer, Appendix I as A. jubatus; otherwise Appendix II; IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992) and IUCN 2003  Endangered as A. jubatus, A. lucifer listed as Extinct.	Includes lucifer; see Ingle and Heaney (1992) and Heaney et al. (1998).	Golden-capped Fruit Bat
13800007	Acerodon jubatus subsp. jubatus	Eschscholtz 1831	SUBSPECIES		jubatus	jubatus		Acerodon	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Zool. Atlas vol.Part 4 p.1						
13800008	Acerodon jubatus subsp. lucifer	Elliot 1896	SUBSPECIES		lucifer	jubatus		Acerodon	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13800009	Acerodon jubatus subsp. mindanensis	K. Andersen 1909	SUBSPECIES		mindanensis	jubatus		Acerodon	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13800010	Acerodon leucotis	Sanborn 1950	SPECIES			leucotis		Acerodon	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.63 p.189		obscurus  Sanborn, 1950.	Balabac, Palawan, Busuanga Isl (Philippines).	CITES  Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  No Data. IUCN 2003  Vulnerable.	Formerly included in Pteropus (see Musser et al., 1982a).	Palawan Fruit Bat
13800011	Acerodon leucotis subsp. leucotis	Sanborn 1950	SUBSPECIES		leucotis	leucotis		Acerodon	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.63 p.189		&nbsp; 				
13800012	Acerodon leucotis subsp. obscurus	Sanborn 1950	SUBSPECIES		obscurus	leucotis		Acerodon	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13800039	Cynopterus	F. Cuvier 1824	GENUS					Cynopterus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Dentes des Mammifères p.248	Pteropus marginatus E. Geoffroy, 1810 (= Vespertilio sphinx Vahl, 1797).	Niadius  Miller, 1906; Pachysoma Geoffroy, 1828 [not Pachysoma Macleay, 1821, an insect].			Genetic variation within the genus was discussed by Peterson and Heaney (1993) and Schmitt et al. (1995).	
13800013	Acerodon mackloti	Temminck 1837	SPECIES			mackloti		Acerodon	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Monogr. Mamm. vol.2 p.69		ochraphaeus  Muller and Jentink, 1887; alorensis K. Andersen, 1909; floresii Gray, 1871; floresianus Heude, 1896; gilvus K. Andersen, 1909; prajae Sody, 1936.	Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Alor Isl, Sumba, and Timor (Indonesia).	CITES  Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened; IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	The subspecies nomenclature of this taxon is in need of revision (Helgen and Wilson, 2002). This name is sometimes spelled macklotii.	Sunda Fruit Bat
13800014	Acerodon mackloti subsp. mackloti	Temminck 1837	SUBSPECIES		mackloti	mackloti		Acerodon	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Monogr. Mamm. vol.2 p.69						
13800015	Acerodon mackloti subsp. alorensis	K. Andersen 1909	SUBSPECIES		alorensis	mackloti		Acerodon	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13800016	Acerodon mackloti subsp. floresii	Gray 1871	SUBSPECIES		floresii	mackloti		Acerodon	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13800017	Acerodon mackloti subsp. gilvus	K. Andersen 1909	SUBSPECIES		gilvus	mackloti		Acerodon	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13800018	Acerodon mackloti subsp. prajae	Sody 1936	SUBSPECIES		prajae	mackloti		Acerodon	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13800019	Aethalops	Thomas 1923	GENUS					Aethalops	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1923 p.178	Aethalodes alecto Thomas, 1923.	Aethalodes  Thomas, 1923 [not Atehalodes Gahan, 1888, an insect).				
13800020	Aethalops aequalis	G. M. Allen 1938	SPECIES			aequalis		Aethalops	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	J. Mammal. vol.19 p.497			Brunei, Sabah, and Sarawak (Borneo).	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Indeterminate as A. alecto aequalis. IUCN 2003  Not listed.	Considered a subspecies of alecto by many authors, but see Kitchener et al. (1990) and Kitchener et al. (1993a).	Borneo Fruit Bat
13800021	Aethalops alecto	Thomas 1923	SPECIES			alecto		Aethalops	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.11 p.251		boeadii  Kitchener, 1993 in Kitchener et al., 1993a; ocypete Boeadi and Hill, 1986.	W Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Bali, and Lombok.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Indeterminate. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (nt).	Reviewed by Boeadi and Hill (1986) and Kitchener et al. (1993a). Does not include aequalis; see Kitchener et al. (1993a).	Pygmy Fruit Bat
13800022	Aethalops alecto subsp. alecto	Thomas 1923	SUBSPECIES		alecto	alecto		Aethalops	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.11 p.251		&nbsp; 				
13800023	Aethalops alecto subsp. boeadii	Kitchener 1993	SUBSPECIES		boeadii	alecto		Aethalops	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	in Kitchener et al., 1993a						
13800024	Aethalops alecto subsp. ocypete	Boeadi and Hill 1986	SUBSPECIES		ocypete	alecto		Aethalops	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13800028	Aproteles bulmerae	Menzies 1977	SPECIES			bulmerae		Aproteles	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Aust. J. Zool. vol.25 p.331			Mainland Papua New Guinea.	U.S. ESA  Endangered. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Endangered: Limited Distribution. IUCN 2003  Critically Endangered.	Originally described from fossil material, but since found living (Flannery and Seri, 1993; Hyndman and Menzies, 1980). See also Flannery (1995a) and Bonaccorso (1998).	Bulmer's Fruit Bat
13800029	Balionycteris	Matschie 1899	GENUS					Balionycteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Flederm. Berliner Mus. Naturk. p.72, 80	Cynopterus maculatus Thomas, 1893.					
13800030	Balionycteris maculata	Thomas 1893	SPECIES			maculata		Balionycteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.11 p.341		seimundi  Kloss, 1921.	Thailand; W Malaysia; Borneo; Sumatra; Durian and Galang Isls (Riau Arch., Indonesia).	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).		Spotted-winged Fruit Bat
13800031	Balionycteris maculata subsp. maculata	Thomas 1893	SUBSPECIES		maculata	maculata		Balionycteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.11 p.341		&nbsp; 				
13800032	Balionycteris maculata subsp. seimundi	Kloss 1921	SUBSPECIES		seimundi	maculata		Balionycteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13800033	Casinycteris	Thomas 1910	GENUS					Casinycteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.6 p.111	Casinycteris argynnis Thomas, 1910.					
13800034	Casinycteris argynnis	Thomas 1910	SPECIES			argynnis		Casinycteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.6 p.111			Cameroon to E Dem. Rep. Congo.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  No Data: Limited Distribution. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (nt).	Reviewed by Bergmans (1990).	Golden Short-palated Fruit Bat
13800035	Chironax	K. Andersen 1912	GENUS					Chironax	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Cat. Chiroptera Brit. Mus., 2nd ed. p.658	Pteropus melanocephalus Temminck, 1825.					
13800036	Chironax melanocephalus	Temminck 1825	SPECIES			melanocephalus		Chironax	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Monogr. Mamm. vol.1 p.190		tumulus  Bergmans and Rozendaal, 1988.	Thailand, W Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra, Java, Nias Isl, and Sulawesi.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Hill (1983) and Bergmans and Rozendaal (1988).	Black-capped Fruit Bat
13800037	Chironax melanocephalus subsp. melanocephalus	Temminck 1825	SUBSPECIES		melanocephalus	melanocephalus		Chironax	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Monogr. Mamm. vol.1 p.190		&nbsp; 				
13800040	Cynopterus brachyotis	Müller 1838	SPECIES			brachyotis		Cynopterus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. Physiol. vol.5 p.146		brevicaudatum  I. Geoffroy, 1828 [nomen nudum]; duvaucelii E. Geoffroy, 1828 [nomen nudum]; grandidieri Peters, 1869; minor Revilliod, 1911 [not Trousseart or Lyon]; montanoi Robin, 1881; titthaecheilum Waterhouse, 1843 [not Temminck; nomen dubium]; altitudinis Hill, 1961; brachysoma Dobson, 1871; andamanensis Dobson, 1873; ceylonensis Gray, 1871; concolor Sody, 1940; hoffeti Bourret, 1944; insularum K. Andersen, 1910; javanicus K. Andersen, 1910.	Sri Lanka, India, Nepal, Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, S China, Malaysia, Nicobar and Andaman Isls, Borneo, Sumatra, Sulawesi, Magnole, Sanana, Sangihe Isls, Talaud Isls and adjacent small islands. Perhaps present in the Palawan region of the Philippines (L. Heaney, pers. comm.)	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	This taxon is sometimes confused with sphinx, and the status of many populations is in doubt. Does not include angulatus, which was transferred to sphinx by Hill and Thonglongya (1972). Includes minor; see Hill (1983) and Corbet and Hill (1992). Does not include luzoniensis and minutus; see Kitchener and Maharadatunkamsi (1991). May include scherzeri, here included in sphinx following Kitchener and Maharadatunkamsi (1991) and Bates and Harrison (1997). Bates and Harrison (1997) also referred brachysoma and andamanesis to sphinx with some reservations. See Andersen (1912) for discussion of duvaucelii and grandidieri. Corbet and Hill (1992) included babi (here considered a subspecies of sphinx) in this species without comment. See discussion of diagnostic characters in Bates and Harrison (1997) and Mapatuna et al. (2002).	Lesser Short-nosed Fruit Bat
13800041	Cynopterus brachyotis subsp. brachyotis	Müller 1838	SUBSPECIES		brachyotis	brachyotis		Cynopterus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. Physiol. vol.5 p.146						
13800042	Cynopterus brachyotis subsp. altitudinis	Hill 1961	SUBSPECIES		altitudinis	brachyotis		Cynopterus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13800043	Cynopterus brachyotis subsp. brachysoma	Dobson 1871	SUBSPECIES		brachysoma	brachyotis		Cynopterus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13800044	Cynopterus brachyotis subsp. ceylonensis	Gray 1871	SUBSPECIES		ceylonensis	brachyotis		Cynopterus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13800045	Cynopterus brachyotis subsp. concolor	Sody 1940	SUBSPECIES		concolor	brachyotis		Cynopterus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13800046	Cynopterus brachyotis subsp. hoffeti	Bourret 1944	SUBSPECIES		hoffeti	brachyotis		Cynopterus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13800047	Cynopterus brachyotis subsp. insularum	K. Andersen 1910	SUBSPECIES		insularum	brachyotis		Cynopterus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13800048	Cynopterus brachyotis subsp. javanicus	K. Andersen 1910	SUBSPECIES		javanicus	brachyotis		Cynopterus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13800049	Cynopterus horsfieldii	Gray 1843	SPECIES			horsfieldii		Cynopterus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	List Specimens Mamm. Coll. Brit. Mus. p.38		harpax  Thomas and Wroughton, 1909; lyoni K. Andersen, 1912; minor Lyon, 1908 [not Trouessart, 1878]; persimilis K. Andersen, 1912; princeps Miller, 1906.	Thailand, Cambodia, W Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Lesser Sunda Isls, and adjacent small islands.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes harpax; see Hill (1961a). This name is sometimes spelled horsefieldi.	Horsfields Fruit Bat
13800050	Cynopterus horsfieldii subsp. horsfieldii	Gray 1843	SUBSPECIES		horsfieldii	horsfieldii		Cynopterus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	List Specimens Mamm. Coll. Brit. Mus. p.38		&nbsp; 				
13800051	Cynopterus horsfieldii subsp. harpax	Thomas and Wroughton 1909	SUBSPECIES		harpax	horsfieldii		Cynopterus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13800052	Cynopterus horsfieldii subsp. persimilis	K. Andersen 1912	SUBSPECIES		persimilis	horsfieldii		Cynopterus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13800053	Cynopterus horsfieldii subsp. princeps	Miller 1906	SUBSPECIES		princeps	horsfieldii		Cynopterus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13800054	Cynopterus luzoniensis	Peters 1861	SPECIES			luzoniensis		Cynopterus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. vol.1861 p.708		archipelagus  Taylor, 1934; cumingii Gray, 1871; philippensis Gray, 1871.	Sulawesi, Philippines, and adjacent small islands.	Not evaluated in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992). IUCN 2003  not evaluated.	Included in brachyotis by many authors, but see Kitchener and Maharadatunkamsi (1991) and Schmitt et al. (1995). Heaney et al. (1987) placed archipelagus (known only from the juvenile holotype) in brachyotis, but see Kitchner and Maharadatunkamsi (1991). Specimens of luzoniensis from the Palawan region of the Philippines may actually represent brachyotis as used herein (L. Heaney, pers. comm.).	Peterss Fruit Bat
13800055	Cynopterus minutus	Miller 1906	SPECIES			minutus		Cynopterus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.19 p.63			Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Sulawesi.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  No Data: Limited Distribution as C. brachyotis minutus. IUCN 2003  Not listed.	Included in brachyotis by Hill (1983) and Koopman (1993, 1994), but see Kitchener and Maharadatunkamsi (1991).	Minute Fruit Bat
13800056	Cynopterus nusatenggara	Kitchener and Maharadatunkamsi 1991	SPECIES			nusatenggara		Cynopterus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Rec. West. Aust. Mus. vol.15 p.312		sinagai  Kitchener, 1996 [in Kitchener and Maharadatunkamsi, 1996]; wetarensis Kitchener, 1996 [in Kitchener and Maharadatunkamsi, 1996].	Lombok, Moyo, Sumbawa, Sangeang, Komodo, Flores, Sumba, Adonara, Lembata, Pantar, Alor, and Wetar Isls (Indonesia).	Described after completion of IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992). IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (nt).	Specimens of this species were tentatively included in brachyotis by Corbet and Hill (1992), but see Schmitt et al. (1995) and Kitchener and Maharadatunkamsi (1996).	Nusatenggara Short-nosed Fruit Bat
13800192	Nyctimene albiventer subsp. papuanus	K. Andersen 1910	SUBSPECIES		papuanus	albiventer		Nyctimene	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						albiventer species group.	
13800060	Cynopterus sphinx	Vahl 1797	SPECIES			sphinx		Cynopterus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Skr. Nat. Selsk. Copenhagen vol.4 1 p.123		brevicaudatum  Temminck, 1837 [not I. Geoffroy]; ellioti Gray, 1870; fibulatus Vahl, 1797; gangeticus K. Andersen, 1910; marginatus E. Geoffroy, 1810; pusillus E. Geoffroy, 1803; sphynx Sody, 1933; angulatus Miller, 1898; babi Lyon, 1916; pagensis Miller, 1906; scherzeri Zelebor, 1869; serasani Paradiso, 1971.	Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Bangladesh, India, S China, SE Asia including Burma, Vietnam, and Cambodia, W Malaysia, Sumatra, adjacent small islands; perhaps Borneo.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	This taxon is sometimes confused with brachyotis, and the status of many populations is in doubt. See discussion of diagnostic characters in Bates and Harrison (1997) and Mapatuna et al. (2002). Includes angulatus; see Hill and Thonglongya (1972). Does not include titthaecheilus; see Hill (1983). Apparently includes babi; see Kitchener and Maharadatunkamsi (1991), but also see Corbet and Hill (1992), who included babi in brachyotis without comment. May not include scherzeri; see Corbet and Hill (1992), but also see Bates and Harrison (1997), who retained scherzeri in sphinx but noted that it may represent a distinct species. May also include brachysoma and andamanesis (here listed as synonyms of brachyotis); see Bates and Harrison (1997). Some authors recognize gangeticus as a distinct subspecies; it is here grouped in the nominate subspecies following Koopman (1994). Clinal variation in size dis... [truncated]	Greater Short-nosed Fruit Bat
13800061	Cynopterus sphinx subsp. sphinx	Vahl 1797	SUBSPECIES		sphinx	sphinx		Cynopterus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Skr. Nat. Selsk. Copenhagen vol.4 1 p.123						
13800062	Cynopterus sphinx subsp. angulatus	Miller 1898	SUBSPECIES		angulatus	sphinx		Cynopterus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13800063	Cynopterus sphinx subsp. babi	Lyon 1916	SUBSPECIES		babi	sphinx		Cynopterus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13800064	Cynopterus sphinx subsp. pagensis	Miller 1906	SUBSPECIES		pagensis	sphinx		Cynopterus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13800065	Cynopterus sphinx subsp. scherzeri	Zelebor 1869	SUBSPECIES		scherzeri	sphinx		Cynopterus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13800067	Cynopterus titthaecheilus	Temminck 1825	SPECIES			titthaecheilus		Cynopterus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Monogr. Mamm. vol.1 p.198		diardii  E. Geoffroy, 1828; major Miller, 1906; terminus Sody, 1940.	Sumatra, Java, Bali, Lombok, Timor, and adjacent small islands.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	Formerly included in sphinx, but see Hill (1983); also see Corbet and Hill (1992). The position of diardii in this synonymy remains somewhat uncertain, see Corbet and Hill (1992) and Pavlinov et al. (1995b).	Indonesian Short-nosed Fruit Bat
13800068	Cynopterus titthaecheilus subsp. titthaecheilus	Temminck 1825	SUBSPECIES		titthaecheilus	titthaecheilus		Cynopterus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Monogr. Mamm. vol.1 p.198						
13800069	Cynopterus titthaecheilus subsp. major	Miller 1906	SUBSPECIES		major	titthaecheilus		Cynopterus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13800070	Cynopterus titthaecheilus subsp. terminus	Sody 1940	SUBSPECIES		terminus	titthaecheilus		Cynopterus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13800071	Dobsonia	Palmer 1898	GENUS					Dobsonia	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.12 p.114	Cephalotes peroni E. Geoffroy, 1810.	Hypoderma  E. Geoffroy, 1828 [not Hypoderma Latreille, 1825, a Diptera]; Pteronotus Rafinesque, 1815 [nomen nudum]; ?Tribonophorus Burnett, 1829.			Reviewed by Jong and Bergmans (1981). Species groups follow Koopman (1994).	
13800072	Dobsonia anderseni	Thomas 1914	SPECIES			anderseni		Dobsonia	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.13 p.435			Bismarck Archipelago including Admiralty Isls.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  No Data as D. pannietensis anderseni. IUCN 2003  Not listed.	moluccensis species group. Often included in moluccensis or pannietensis, but see Bergmans and Sarbini (1985), Flannery (1995b), and Bonaccorso (1998).	Andersens Naked-backed Fruit Bat
13800073	Dobsonia beauforti	Bergmans 1975	SPECIES			beauforti		Dobsonia	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Beaufortia vol.23 295 p.3			Waigeo, Batanta, Salawati, Gebe, Gag, and Biak Isls (off Vogelkop Peninsula, New Guinea).	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  No Data: Limited Distribution. IUCN 2003  Endangered.	viridis species group. Closely related to viridis; see Bergmans (1975). Also see Flannery (1995b).	Beauforts Naked-backed Fruit Bat
13800074	Dobsonia chapmani	Rabor 1952	SPECIES			chapmani		Dobsonia	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Nat. Hist. Misc., Chicago Acad. Sci. vol.96 2			Cebu and Negros Isls (Philippines).	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Extinct? IUCN 2003  Extinct. Previously thought to be extinct, but a living population was discovered in 2000 by S. Pedregosa (L. Heaney, pers. comm.).	moluccensis species group. Listed by Corbet and Hill (1992) as a possible subspecies of exoleta; also see Bergmans (1978).	Negros Naked-backed Fruit Bat
13800075	Dobsonia crenulata	K. Andersen 1909	SPECIES			crenulata		Dobsonia	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.4 p.532			N Moluccas, Togian Isls, Sangihe Isls, Talaud Isls, Pelang, Sulawesi (Indonesia).	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  No Data as D. viridis crenulata. IUCN 2003  Not listed.	viridis species group. Included by Hill (1983) and Hill and Corbet (1992) as a subspecies of viridis, but see Bergmans and Rozendaal (1988). Also see Flannery (1995b). Non-Moluccan populations apparently represent an undescribed subspecies (K. Helgen, pers. comm.).	Halmahera Naked-backed Fruit Bat
13800207	Nyctimene major subsp. scitulus	K. Andersen 1910	SUBSPECIES		scitulus	major		Nyctimene	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						cephalotes species group.	
13800076	Dobsonia emersa	Bergmans and Sarbini 1985	SPECIES			emersa		Dobsonia	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Beaufortia vol.34 p.185			Biak and Owii Isls (in Geelvink Bay, New Guinea).	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  No Data: Limited Distribution. IUCN 2003  Vulnerable.	moluccensis species group. See Flannery (1995b). There is a closely related, undescribed species on Numfoor Isl (K. Helgen, pers. comm.).	Biak Naked-backed Fruit Bat
13800077	Dobsonia exoleta	K. Andersen 1909	SPECIES			exoleta		Dobsonia	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.4 p.531, 533			Sulawesi, Muna Togian Isls, Sula Isls (Indonesia).	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  No Data. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (nt).	moluccensis species group. May include chapmani; see Corbet and Hill (1992). Reviewed by Hill (1983); also see Flannery (1995b).	Sulawesi Naked-backed Fruit Bat
13800078	Dobsonia inermis	K. Andersen 1909	SPECIES			inermis		Dobsonia	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.4 p.532		nesea  K. Andersen, 1909; minimus Phillips, 1968.	Solomon Isls, including Bougainville Isl (Papua New Guinea).	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	viridis species group; see discussion in Bergmans (1978) and Hill (1983). See also Flannery (1995b) and Bonaccorso (1998).	Solomons Naked-backed Fruit Bat
13800079	Dobsonia inermis subsp. inermis	K. Andersen 1909	SUBSPECIES		inermis	inermis		Dobsonia	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.4 p.532					viridis species group; see discussion in Bergmans (1978) and Hill (1983). See also Flannery (1995b) and Bonaccorso (1998).	
13800080	Dobsonia inermis subsp. minimus	Phillips 1968	SUBSPECIES		minimus	inermis		Dobsonia	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						viridis species group; see discussion in Bergmans (1978) and Hill (1983). See also Flannery (1995b) and Bonaccorso (1998).	
13800081	Dobsonia magna	Thomas 1905	SPECIES			magna		Dobsonia	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.16 p.423			Waigeo, Yapen, Batanta, and Misool Isls through New Guinea to N Queensland (Australia); possibly the Aru Isls.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened as D. moluccense magna. IUCN 2003  Not listed.	moluccensis species group. Often included in moluccensis (e.g., Koopman, 1979; Hill, 1983), but see Bergmans and Sarbini (1985). Also see Flannery (1995a, b).	New Guinea Naked-backed Fruit Bat
13800082	Dobsonia minor	Dobson 1878 "1879"	SPECIES			minor		Dobsonia	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1878 p.875			C and W New Guinea and adjacent small islands; Sulawesi.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Rare. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (nt).	minor species group. Reviewed by Bergmans and Sarbini (1985) and Corbet and Hill (1992); also see Flannery (1995a, b) and Bonaccorso (1998).	Lesser Naked-backed Fruit Bat
13800083	Dobsonia moluccensis	Quoy and Gaimard 1830	SPECIES			moluccensis		Dobsonia	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	In d'Urville, Voy...de Astrolabe, Zool. vol.1(L'Homme, Mamm. Oiseaux) p.86			Molucca Isls including Bacan, Buru and Seram; Banda Isls, Aru Isls, Waigeo (Prov. of Papua, Indonesia).	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	moluccensis species group. Does not include pannietensis; see Bergmans (1979). Koopman (1979, 1982) included magna and anderseni in moluccensis, but see Bergmans and Sarbini (1985) and Bonaccorso (1998).	Moluccan Naked-backed Fruit Bat
13800084	Dobsonia pannietensis	De Vis 1905	SPECIES			pannietensis		Dobsonia	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Queensl. Mus. vol.6 p.36		remota  Cabrera, 1920.	Louisiade Arch., D'Entrecasteaux Isls, and Trobriand Isls.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  No Data. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	moluccensis species group. Considered a subspecies of moluccensis by Laurie and Hill (1954), but apparently distinct; see Bergmans (1979) and Bonaccorso (1998). Includes remota; see Koopman (1982). A record of remota from Bougainville Isl is based on a misidentified inermis (see Bergmans, 1979).	Panniet Naked-backed Fruit Bat
13800085	Dobsonia pannietensis subsp. pannietensis	De Vis 1905	SUBSPECIES		pannietensis	pannietensis		Dobsonia	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Queensl. Mus. vol.6 p.36		&nbsp; 			moluccensisspecies group.	
13800086	Dobsonia pannietensis subsp. remota	Cabrera 1920	SUBSPECIES		remota	pannietensis		Dobsonia	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						moluccensis species group.See Koopman (1982). A record of remota from Bougainville Isl is based on a misidentified inermis (see Bergmans, 1979).	
13800087	Dobsonia peronii	E. Geoffroy 1810	SPECIES			peronii		Dobsonia	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.15 p.104		desmarestii  Burnett, 1829 [nomen nudum]; paliatus Geoffroy, 1810; sumbanus K. Andersen, 1909; grandis Bergmans, 1978.	Bali, Nusa Penida, Lombok, Moyo, Sangeang, Komodo, Sumbawa, Rinca, Flores, Lembata, Pantar, Alor, Wetar, Babar, Timor, Sematu, Roti, Savu, and Sumba Isls (Indonesia).	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Indeterminate. IUCN 2003  Vulnerable.	peronii species group. Reviewed by Bergmans (1978) and Kitchener et al. (1997a). Sometimes spelled peroni (e.g., Andersen, 1912; Koopman, 1993).	Western Naked-backed Fruit Bat
13800088	Dobsonia peronii subsp. peronii	E. Geoffroy 1810	SUBSPECIES		peronii	peronii		Dobsonia	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.15 p.104					peronii species group. Reviewed by Bergmans (1978) and Kitchener et al. (1997a). Sometimes spelled peroni (e.g., Andersen, 1912; Koopman, 1993).	
13800089	Dobsonia peronii subsp. grandis	Bergmans 1978	SUBSPECIES		grandis	peronii		Dobsonia	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						peronii species group.	
13800255	Pteropus anetianus subsp. banksiana	Sanborn 1930	SUBSPECIES		banksiana	anetianus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						samoensis species group.	
13800090	Dobsonia praedatrix	K. Andersen 1909	SPECIES			praedatrix		Dobsonia	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.4 p.532			Bismarck Arch. (Papua New Guinea).	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  No Data. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (nt).	viridis species group; see discussion in Bergmans (1978) and Hill (1983). See also Flannery (1995b) and Bonaccorso (1998).	New Britain Naked-backed Fruit Bat
13800091	Dobsonia viridis	Heude 1896	SPECIES			viridis		Dobsonia	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Mem. Hist. Nat. Emp. Chin. vol.3 p.176		umbrosa  Thomas, 1910.	C and S Moluccas including Seram, Ambon, and Buru; Banda, and Kai Isls (Indonesia). A closely related but undescribed species occurs in the Tanimbar Isls (K. Helgen, pers. comm.).	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	viridis species group. Does not include chapmani; see Bergmans (1978). Does not include crenulata; see Bergmans and Rozendaal (1988). See also Hill (1983) and Flannery (1995b).	Greenish Naked-backed Fruit Bat
13800092	Dyacopterus	K. Andersen 1912	GENUS					Dyacopterus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Cat. Chiroptera Brit. Mus. vol.1 p.651	Cynopterus spadiceus Thomas, 1890.					
13800093	Dyacopterus brooksi	Thomas 1920	SPECIES			brooksi		Dyacopterus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.5 p.284			Sumatra; possibly Luzon and Mindanao (Philippines).	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  No Data as D. spadiceus brooksi. IUCN 2003  Not listed.	Formerly included in spadiceus (Koopman, 1993, 1994), but see Peterson (1969) and Corbet and Hill (1992).	Brookss Dyak Fruit Bat
13800094	Dyacopterus spadiceus	Thomas 1890	SPECIES			spadiceus		Dyacopterus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.5 p.235			NW Borneo including Bunei, Luzon and Mindanao (Philippines), Malaya, possibly S Thailand.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Rare. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (nt).	Does not include brooksi; see Peterson (1969) and Corbet and Hill (1992).	Dyak Fruit Bat
13800095	Eidolon	Rafinesque 1815	GENUS					Eidolon	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Analyse de la Nature p.54	Vespertilio vampirus helvus Kerr, 1792.	Leiponyx  Jentink, 1881; Liponyx Forbes, 1882; Pterocyon Peters, 1861.			Revised by Bergmans (1990).	
13800096	Eidolon dupreanum	Pollen In Schlegel and Pollen 1866	SPECIES			dupreanum		Eidolon	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1866 p.419			Madagascar.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	See comments under helvum. Reviewed by Bergmans (1990) and Peterson et al. (1995).	Malagasy Straw-colored Fruit Bat
13700460	Sorex arcticus	Kerr 1792	SPECIES			arcticus	Sorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Animal Kingdom p.206		belli  Merriam, 1892 [nomen nudum]; pachyurus Baird, 1858 [not Küster, 1835]; richardsonii Bachman, 1837; spagnicola Coues, 1877; laricorum Jackson, 1925.	Yukon and Northwest Territory to Quebec (Canada); Dakota, Wisconsin, Michigan, and Minnesota (USA).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Sorex. S. arcticus group. Reviewed by Kirkland and Schmidt (1996, Mammalian Species No. 524). Karyotype has 2n = 28/29, FN = 38. Palearctic species currently referred to arcticus (Gromov and Baranova, 1981:18) represent tundrensis (Ivanitskaya et al., 1986; Junge et al., 1983); see also Sokolov and Orlov (1980), Okhotina (1983), and Hoffmann (1985a). Formerly included maritimensis, but see Stewart et al. (2002).	Arctic Shrew
13800097	Eidolon helvum	Kerr 1792	SPECIES			helvum		Eidolon	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	In Linnaeus, Anim. Kingdom vol.1 1 p.xvii, 91		buettikoferi Jentink, 1881; leucomelas Fitzinger, 1866; mollipilosus H. Allen, 1862; paleaceus Peters, 1862; palmarum Heuglin, 1877; stramineus E. Geoffroy, 1803; annobonensis Juste, Ibáñez, and Machordom, 2000; sabaeum K. Andersen, 1907.	Mauritania, Senegal, and Gambia to Ethiopia to South Africa; SW Arabia and Oman; islands in the Gulf of Guinea and off E Africa.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes sabaeum, see Hayman and Hill (1971), Bergmans (1990), and Harrison and Bates (1991). Does not include dupreanum; see Bergmans (1990) and Peterson et al. (1995), but also see Hayman and Hill (1971). See DeFrees and Wilson (1988), but note that they included dupreanum in helvum. African forms reviewed in part by Juste et al. (2000); Palearctic forms reviewed by Horácek et al. (2000). Distribution mapped by Taylor (2000a) and Cotterill (2001e). The taxonomic status of populations in the Anr Mountains of Niger is unclear.	African Straw-colored Fruit Bat
13800098	Eidolon helvum subsp. helvum	Kerr 1792	SUBSPECIES		helvum	helvum		Eidolon	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	In Linnaeus, Anim. Kingdom vol.1 1 p.xvii, 91						
13800099	Eidolon helvum subsp. annobonensis	Juste, Ibß±ez, and Machordom 2000	SUBSPECIES		annobonensis	helvum		Eidolon	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13800100	Eidolon helvum subsp. sabaeum	K. Andersen 1907	SUBSPECIES		sabaeum	helvum		Eidolon	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13800101	Eonycteris	Dobson 1873	GENUS					Eonycteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal p.148	Macroglossus spelaeus Dobson, 1871.	Callinycteris  Jentink, 1889.				
13800102	Eonycteris major	K. Andersen 1910	SPECIES			major		Eonycteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.6 p.625			Borneo, Mentawai Isls (Indonesia).	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	Apparently does not include robusta and longicauda; see Heaney et al. (1987, 1998). Corbet and Hill (1992) suggested that the Mentawai Isls record may have been based on a large example of spelaea, but it appears that this material may actually represent an undescribed subspecies (K. Helgen, pers. comm.).	Greater Dawn Bat
13800460	Rhinolophus affinis subsp. princes	K. Andersen 1905	SUBSPECIES		princes	affinis		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						megaphyllus species group.	
13800103	Eonycteris robusta	Miller 1913	SPECIES			robusta		Eonycteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.26 p.73-74		longicauda  Taylor, 1934.	Philippines except Palawan region.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Rare as E. major robusta. IUCN 2003  Not listed.	Often included in major following Tate (1942b), but apparently distinct; see Heaney et al. (1987, 1998).	Phillipine Dawn Bat
13800117	Epomophorus minimus	Claessen and De Vree 1991	SPECIES			minimus		Epomophorus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Senckenberg. Biol. vol.71 p.216			Ethiopia, Somalia, Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania.	Described after completion of IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992); IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	gambianus species group. Included in minor by Bergmans (1988), but see Claessen and De Vree (1991).	Least Epauletted Fruit Bat
13800256	Pteropus anetianus subsp. eotinus	K. Andersen 1913	SUBSPECIES		eotinus	anetianus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						samoensis species group.	
13800104	Eonycteris spelaea	Dobson 1871	SPECIES			spelaea		Eonycteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal p.105, 106		glandifera  Lawrence, 1939; rosenbergii Jentink, 1889; bernsteini Tate, 1942; winnyae Maharadatunkamsi and Kitchener, 1997.	India, Burma, Nepal, S China, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, W Malaysia, Borneo; Sula Isls, N Moluccas, Sumatra, Java, Sumba, Timor and Sulawesi (Indonesia); Philippines; Andaman Isls (India).	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes rosenbergii; see Bergmans and Rozendaal (1988). Reviewed in part by Hill (1983), Flannery (1995b), Bates and Harrison (1997), Maharadatunkamsi and Kitchener (1997), and Maharadatunkamsi et al. (2003).	Lesser Dawn Bat
13800105	Eonycteris spelaea subsp. spelaea	Dobson 1871	SUBSPECIES		spelaea	spelaea		Eonycteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal p.105, 106		&nbsp; 				
13800106	Eonycteris spelaea subsp. glandifera	Lawrence 1939	SUBSPECIES		glandifera	spelaea		Eonycteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13800107	Eonycteris spelaea subsp. rosenbergii	Jentink 1889	SUBSPECIES		rosenbergii	spelaea		Eonycteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13800108	Eonycteris spelaea subsp. winnyae	Maharadatunkamsi and Kitchener 1997	SUBSPECIES		winnyae	spelaea		Eonycteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13800109	Epomophorus	Bennett 1835 "1836"	GENUS					Epomophorus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1835 p.149	Pteropus gambianus Ogilby, 1835.				Revised by Bergmans (1988), who transferred Micropteropus grandis to this genus. Key to this genus was presented in Boulay and Robbins (1989) and Claessen and De Vree (1991). Species groups follow Koopman (1994) with some modifications.	
13800110	Epomophorus angolensis	Gray 1870	SPECIES			angolensis		Epomophorus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Cat. Monkeys, Lemurs, Fruit-eating Bats Brit. Mus. p.125			W Angola, NW Namibia.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Rare. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (nt).	gambianus species group. Distribution mapped by Taylor (2000a).	Angolan Epauletted Fruit Bat
13700461	Sorex arcticus subsp. arcticus	Kerr 1792	SUBSPECIES		arcticus	arcticus	Sorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Animal Kingdom p.206						
13800111	Epomophorus crypturus	Peters 1852	SPECIES			crypturus		Epomophorus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Naturwiss. Reise nach Mossambique, SSug. p.26			Zambia, Tanzania, SE Dem. Rep. Congo, Mozambique, Malawi, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia, South Africa.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened as Epomophorus gambianus crypturus. IUCN 2003  Not listed.	Often included in gambianus (e.g., Bergmans, 1988, 1997), but see Claessen and De Vree (1990). Genetic studies and more collecting in the gap between the ranges of crypturus and gambianus may be necessary to more completely resolve the relationship of these taxa.	Peterss Epauletted Fruit Bat
13800125	Haplonycteris fischeri	Lawrence 1939	SPECIES			fischeri		Haplonycteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. vol.86 p.33			Philippines except Palawan region.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Vulnerable; IUCN 2003  Vulnerable.	Genetic variation discussed by Peterson and Heaney (1993); a new species from Sibuyan Isl is currently being described (Heaney et al., 1998).	Philippine Pygmy Fruit Bat
14000100	Leopardus pajeros subsp. garleppi	Matschie 1912	SUBSPECIES		garleppi	pajeros		Leopardus	Felidae	Carnivora							
13800112	Epomophorus gambianus	Ogilby 1835	SPECIES			gambianus		Epomophorus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1835 p.100		epomophorus  Bennett, 1836; guineensis Bocage, 1898; macrocephalus Ogilby, 1835; megacephalus Swainson, 1835; reii Aellen, 1950; whitei Bennett, 1836; zechi Matschie, 1899; pousarguesi Trouessart, 1904.	Senegal and Gambia to Central African Republic, east to Sudan, Ethiopia, S to Malawi and Botswana.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	gambianus species group. Does not include crypturus and angolensis; see Claessen and De Vree (1990). See Boulay and Robbins (1989), but note that they included crypturus and angolensis in gambianus.	Gambian Epauletted Fruit Bat
13800113	Epomophorus gambianus subsp. gambianus	Ogilby 1835	SUBSPECIES		gambianus	gambianus		Epomophorus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1835 p.100					gambianus species group.	
13800114	Epomophorus gambianus subsp. pousarguesi	Trouessart 1904	SUBSPECIES		pousarguesi	gambianus		Epomophorus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						gambianus species group.	
13800131	Hypsignathus	H. Allen 1861	GENUS					Hypsignathus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. p.156	Hypsignathus monstrosus H. Allen, 1861.	Sphyrocephalus  A. Murray, 1862; Zygaenocephalus A. Murray, 1862.			Revised by Bergmans (1989).	
13800115	Epomophorus grandis	Sanborn 1950	SPECIES			grandis		Epomophorus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Publ. Cult. Comp. Diamantes Angola vol.10 p.55			N Angola, S Dem. Rep. Congo.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Rare: Limited Distribution. IUCN 2003  Data Deficient.	grandis species group. Transferred from Micropteropus to Epomophorus by Bergmans (1988).	Sanborns Epauletted Fruit Bat
13800116	Epomophorus labiatus	Temminck 1837	SPECIES			labiatus		Epomophorus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Monogr. Mamm. vol.2 p.83		anurus  Heuglin, 1864; doriae Matscheie, 1899; schoensis Rüppell, 1842; schovanus Heuglin, 1877.	Saudi Arabia; Nigeria to Ethiopia and Djibouti, south to Republic of Congo and Malawi. Senegal records are probably erroneous (see Bergmans, 1988).	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	gambianus species group. Includes anurus; see Kock (1969a), Bergmans (1988, 1997), and Claessen and De Vree (1991). Koopman (1994) recognized two subspecies (labiatus and anurus), but this arrangement does not appear justified given the morphometric data presented by Claessen and De Vree (1991), who did not recognize subspecies. Apparently does not include minor contra Claessen and De Vree (1991), see discussion in Bergmans (1988, 1997). Middle Eastern forms reviewed by Horácek et al. (2000).	Little Epauletted Fruit Bat
13800150	Macroglossus sobrinus subsp. fraternus	Chasen and Kloss 1928	SUBSPECIES		fraternus	sobrinus		Macroglossus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13800118	Epomophorus minor	Dobson 1879 "1880"	SPECIES			minor		Epomophorus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1879 p.715			Ethiopia, Somalia, Sudan, Kenya, Rwanda, SE Dem. Rep. Congo, Zambia, Tanzania, Zanzibar, Uganda, Malawi.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Not listed.	gambianus species group. Included in labiatus by some authors (e.g., Claessen and De Vree, 1991), but see Bergmans (1988, 1997).	Minor Epauletted Fruit Bat
13800119	Epomophorus wahlbergi	Sundevall 1846	SPECIES			wahlbergi		Epomophorus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Ofv. Kongl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Forhandl. Stockholm vol.3 4 p.118		haldemani  Hallowell, 1846; neumanni Matschie, 1899; stuhlmanni Matschie, 1899; unicolor Gray, 1870; zenkeri Matschie, 1899.	Cameroon to Sudan and Somalia, south to Malawi, Angola, and South Africa; Pemba and Zanzibar Isls. A Liberian record is probably erroneous (Koopman, 1993), and Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea records are of uncertain validity (Bergmans, 1988).	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	wahlbergi species group. Revised by Bergmans (1988), and reviewed in part by Volpers and Kumirai (1996); also see Acharya (1992). For an updated distribution map see Taylor (2000a). Some authors have recognized haldemani as a distinct subspecies, but this arrangement does not seem to be justified, see discussion in Bergmans (1988).	Wahlbergs Epauletted Fruit Bat
13800120	Epomops	Gray 1870	GENUS					Epomops	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Cat. Monkeys, Lemurs, Fruit-eating Bats Brit. Mus. p.126	Epomophorus franqueti Tomes, 1860.				Reviewed by Bergmans (1989).	
13800121	Epomops buettikoferi	Matschie 1899	SPECIES			buettikoferi		Epomops	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Megachiroptera Berlin Mus. p.45			Guinea to Nigeria.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Vulnerable; IUCN 2003  Vulnerable.		Büttikofers Epauletted Fruit Bat
13800122	Epomops dobsonii	Bocage 1889	SPECIES			dobsonii		Epomops	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	J. Sci. Math. Phys. Nat. Lisboa, ser. 2 vol.1 p.1			Angola to Rwanda, Tanzania, Malawi, and N Botswana.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	Neotype designated by Bergmans (1989). Distribution mapped by Taylor (2000a). This name has sometimes been spelled dobsoni (e.g., Koopman, 1993) but the original spelling is with a double "I".	Dobsons Epauletted Fruit Bat
13800123	Epomops franqueti	Tomes 1860	SPECIES			franqueti		Epomops	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1860 p.54		comptus  H. Allen, 1861; strepitans K. Andersen, 1910.	Côte dIvoire to Sudan, Uganda, NW Tanzania, N Zambia, and Angola. Previous reports of this species from Guinea are in error (J. Fahr, pers. comm.).	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Bergmans (1989). No subspecies are presently recognized.	Franquets Epauletted Fruit Bat
13800124	Haplonycteris	Lawrence 1939	GENUS					Haplonycteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. vol.86 p.31	Haplonycteris fischeri Lawrence, 1939.					
13800126	Harpyionycteris	Thomas 1896	GENUS					Harpyionycteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.18 p.243	Harpyionycteris whiteheadi Thomas, 1896.					
13800127	Harpyionycteris celebensis	Miller and Hollister 1921	SPECIES			celebensis		Harpyionycteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.34 p.99			Sulawesi.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  No Data as H. whiteheadi celebensis. IUCN 2003  Not listed.	Considered a subspecies of whiteheadi by Laurie and Hill (1954) and Koopman (1994), but as a separate species by Peterson and Fenton (1970). Hill (1983), Bergmans and Rozendaal (1988), and Corbet and Hill (1992) retained celebensis as a separate species with some reservations.	Sulawesi Harpy Fruit Bat
13800128	Harpyionycteris whiteheadi	Thomas 1896	SPECIES			whiteheadi		Harpyionycteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.18 p.244		negrosensis  Peterson and Fenton, 1970.	Philippines except Palawan region.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	Does not include celebensis; see comments under that species.	Harpy Fruit Bat
13800129	Harpyionycteris whiteheadi subsp. whiteheadi	Thomas 1896	SUBSPECIES		whiteheadi	whiteheadi		Harpyionycteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.18 p.244		&nbsp; 				
13800130	Harpyionycteris whiteheadi subsp. negrosensis	Peterson and Fenton 1970	SUBSPECIES		negrosensis	whiteheadi		Harpyionycteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13800132	Hypsignathus monstrosus	H. Allen 1861	SPECIES			monstrosus		Hypsignathus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. p.157		labrosus  Murray, 1862; macrocephalus Peters, 1876.	Sierra Leone to W Kenya, south to Zambia and Angola; Bioko (Equatorial Guinea). Records from Gambia and Ethiopia are doubtful.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	See Langevin and Barclay (1990).	Hammer-headed Fruit Bat
13800133	Latidens	Thonglongya 1972	GENUS					Latidens	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. vol.69 p.151	Latidens salimalii Thonglongya, 1972.					
13800134	Latidens salimalii	Thonglongya 1972	SPECIES			salimalii		Latidens	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. vol.69 p.153			S India.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Rare: Limited Distribution. IUCN 2003  Critically Endangered.	Reviewed by Bates and Harrison (1997).	Salim Alis Fruit Bat
13800151	Megaerops	Peters 1865	GENUS					Megaerops	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1865 p.256	Pachysoma ecaudatum Temminck, 1837.	Megaera  Temminck, 1841 [not Megaera Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, an insect, and Megaera Wagler, 1830, a reptile].				
13800135	Lissonycteris	K. Andersen 1912	GENUS					Lissonycteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Catalogue Chir. Brit. Mus. I. Megachiroptera vol.23 p.814	Cynopterus angolensis Bocage, 1898.				Originally named as a subgenus of Rousettus. Often considered a junior synonym of either Rousettus (see Koopman, 1975) or Myonycteris (see Peterson et al., 1995), but Juste et al. (1997) showed that Lissonycteris is distinct from the latter genera. Bergmans (1997) also treated Lissonycteris as distinct, although he noted that it appears very closely related to Myonycteris (a conclusion confirmed by Juste et al., 1997).	
13800136	Lissonycteris angolensis	Bocage 1898	SPECIES			angolensis		Lissonycteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	J. Sci. Math. Phys. Nat. Lisboa, ser. 2 vol.5 p.133		crypticola  Cabrera, 1920; goliath Bergmans, 1997; petraea Bergmans, 1997; ruwenzorii Eisentraut, 1965; smithii Thomas, 1908.	Gambia, Senegal, Guinea Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Côte dIvoire, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Sudan, Ethiopia, Equatorial Guinea (Bioko only), Republic of Congo, Dem. Rep. Congo, Uganda, Rwanda, Kenya, Tanzania, Angola, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened as Rousettus (Lissonycteris) angolensis. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc) as Rousettus angolensis.	Some authors have split this complex into more than one species: smithii was recognized as distinct by Peterson et al. (1995) and Cotterill (2001e), and goliath and petraea were also treated as distinct species by Cotterill (2001e). However, the most recent comprehensive revision of this complex is that of Bergmans (1997), who treated these taxa and ruwenzorii as subspecies of angolensis. Ongoing work by Kock et al. (2002) and J. Fahr (pers. comm.) supports Bergmans (1997) treatment of smithii as a subspecies of angolensis; the status of goliath, petraea, and ruwenzorii remains unclear. Pending further study, which should include molecular comparisons, I have chosen to follow Bergmans (1997) although it seems likely that more than one species may be present in this complex.	Angolan Soft-furred Fruit Bat
13800137	Lissonycteris angolensis subsp. angolensis	Bocage 1898	SUBSPECIES		angolensis	angolensis		Lissonycteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	J. Sci. Math. Phys. Nat. Lisboa, ser. 2 vol.5 p.133						
13800138	Lissonycteris angolensis subsp. goliath	Bergmans 1997	SUBSPECIES		goliath	angolensis		Lissonycteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13800139	Lissonycteris angolensis subsp. petraea	Bergmans 1997	SUBSPECIES		petraea	angolensis		Lissonycteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13800140	Lissonycteris angolensis subsp. ruwenzorii	Eisentraut 1965	SUBSPECIES		ruwenzorii	angolensis		Lissonycteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13800141	Lissonycteris angolensis subsp. smithii	Thomas 1908	SUBSPECIES		smithii	angolensis		Lissonycteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13800142	Macroglossus	F. Cuvier 1824	GENUS					Macroglossus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Dentes des Mammifères p.248	Pteropus minimus E. Geoffroy, 1810.	Carponycteris  Lydekker, 1891; Kiodotus Blyth, 1840; Odontonycteris Jentink, 1902; Rhynchocyon Gistel, 1848 [not Rhynchocyon Peters, 1847, a macroscelidid].			Reviewed by Hill (1983).	
13800162	Nesonycteris	Thomas 1887	SUBGENUS				Nesonycteris	Melonycteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13800183	Neopteryx	Hayman 1946	GENUS					Neopteryx	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 11 vol.12 p.569	Neopteryx frosti Hayman, 1946.	Neoptryx  Van der Zon, 1979.				
13800143	Macroglossus minimus	E. Geoffroy 1810	SPECIES			minimus		Macroglossus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.15 p.97		horsfieldi  Lesson, 1827; kiodotes Lesson, 1827; rostratus Horsfield, 1822; booensis Kompanje and Moeliker, 2001; lagochilus Matschie, 1899; fructivorus Taylor, 1934; meyeri Jentink, 1902; nanus Matschie, 1899; microtus K. Andersen, 1911; novaeguineae Matschie, 1899 [nomen nudum]; pygmaeus K. Andersen, 1911.	Thailand to Philippines, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Isls, and N Australia. This species has also been reported from Cambodia but there are no vouchered records; see Hendrichsen et al. (2001a).	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes lagochilus; see Hill (1983). Includes fructivorus; see Heaney and Rabor (1982). See Bergmans (2001) and Kompanje and Moeliker (2001) for a review of subspecies limits, some of which are unclear. Also see Flannery (1995a, b), and Bonaccorso (1998).	Dagger-toothed Long-nosed Fruit Bat
13800144	Macroglossus minimus subsp. minimus	E. Geoffroy 1810	SUBSPECIES		minimus	minimus		Macroglossus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.15 p.97						
13800148	Macroglossus sobrinus	K. Andersen 1911	SPECIES			sobrinus		Macroglossus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.3 p.641, 642		fraternus  Chasen and Kloss, 1928.	NE India, Burma, C and S Thailand, S Laos, Vietnam, Sumatra, Java, Bali, and Sipora, Siberut, and Mentawai Isls (Indonesia). Reports of this species from Cambodia cannot be confirmed (Kock, 2000a).	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Bates and Harrison (1997); also see Bergmans (2001).	Greater Long-nosed Fruit Bat
13800149	Macroglossus sobrinus subsp. sobrinus	K. Andersen 1911	SUBSPECIES		sobrinus	sobrinus		Macroglossus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.3 p.641, 642		&nbsp; 				
13800152	Megaerops ecaudatus	Temminck 1837	SPECIES			ecaudatus		Megaerops	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Monogr. Mamm. vol.2 p.94			Borneo, Sumatra, W Malaysia, Thailand, perhaps Vietnam.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	Some records of this species from India, Thailand, and Vietnam (Hill, 1983; Van Peenen et al., 1969) are referable to niphanae; see Corbet and Hill (1992). Reviewed by Maharandatunkamsi and Maryanto (2002).	Temmincks Tailless Fruit Bat
13800153	Megaerops kusnotoi	Hill and Boeadi 1978	SPECIES			kusnotoi		Megaerops	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Mammalia vol.42 p.427			Java, Bali, Lombok.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Rare. IUCN 2003  Vulnerable.	Reviewed by Maharandatunkamsi and Maryanto (2002).	Javan Tailless Fruit Bat
13800154	Megaerops niphanae	Yenbutra and Felten 1983	SPECIES			niphanae		Megaerops	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Senckenberg. Biol. vol.64 p.2			NE India, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  No Data. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Bates and Harrison (1997).	Ratanaworabhan's Fruit Bat
13800155	Megaerops wetmorei	Taylor 1934	SPECIES			wetmorei		Megaerops	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Monogr. Bur. Sci. Manila p.191		albicollis  Francis, 1989.	Minanao Isl (Philippines), Borneo, W Malaysia, Sumatra.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Maharandatunkamsi and Maryanto (2002).	White-collared Fruit Bat
13800156	Megaerops wetmorei subsp. wetmorei	Taylor 1934	SUBSPECIES		wetmorei	wetmorei		Megaerops	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Monogr. Bur. Sci. Manila p.191		&nbsp; 				
13800157	Megaerops wetmorei subsp. albicollis	Francis 1989	SUBSPECIES		albicollis	wetmorei		Megaerops	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13800158	Megaloglossus	Pagenstecher 1885	GENUS					Megaloglossus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Zool. Anz. vol.8 p.245	Megaloglossus woermanni Pagenstecher, 1885.	Trygenycteris  Lydekker, 1891.				
13800159	Megaloglossus woermanni	Pagenstecher 1885	SPECIES			woermanni		Megaloglossus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Zool. Anz. vol.8 p.245		prigoginei  Hayman, 1966.	Guinea Bissau, Guinea, and Sierra Leone to Dem. Rep. Congo and Uganda, Equatorial Guinea (Bioko, Mbini), Gabon, Republic of Congo, and N Angola.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Bergmans and van Bree (1972) and Bergmans (1997).	Woermann's Long-tongued Fruit Bat
13800160	Melonycteris	Dobson 1877	GENUS					Melonycteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1877 p.119	Melonycteris melanops Dobson, 1877.	Nesonycteris  Thomas, 1887.			Includes Nesonycteris; see Phillips (1968) and Flannery (1993b). Revised by Flannery (1993b). Two subgenera are presently recognized, Melonycteris and Nesonycteris.	
13800161	Melonycteris	Dobson 1877	SUBGENUS				Melonycteris	Melonycteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1877 p.119	Melonycteris melanops Dobson, 1877.					
13800163	Melonycteris fardoulisi	Flannery 1993	SPECIES			fardoulisi	Nesonycteris	Melonycteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Rec. Aust. Mus. vol.45 p.68		maccoyi  Flannery, 1993; mengermani Flannery, 1993; schouteni Flannery, 1993.	S and E Solomon Isls.	IUCN 2003  Vulnerable.	Subgenus Nesonycteris. See Flannery (1993b, 1995b).	Fardoulis's Blossom Bat
13800164	Melonycteris fardoulisi subsp. fardoulisi	Flannery 1993	SUBSPECIES		fardoulisi	fardoulisi	Nesonycteris	Melonycteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Rec. Aust. Mus. vol.45 p.68		&nbsp; 				
13800165	Melonycteris fardoulisi subsp. maccoyi	Flannery 1993	SUBSPECIES		maccoyi	fardoulisi	Nesonycteris	Melonycteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13800166	Melonycteris fardoulisi subsp. mengermani	Flannery 1993	SUBSPECIES		mengermani	fardoulisi	Nesonycteris	Melonycteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13800167	Melonycteris fardoulisi subsp. schouteni	Flannery 1993	SUBSPECIES		schouteni	fardoulisi	Nesonycteris	Melonycteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13800168	Melonycteris melanops	Dobson 1877	SPECIES			melanops	Melonycteris	Melonycteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1877 p.119		alboscapulatus  Ramsay, 1877.	Bismarck Arch.; a New Guinea record is highly questionable (Flannery, 1993b).	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Melonycteris. Reviewed by Flannery (1993b); also see Flannery (1995b) and Bonaccorso (1998).	Black-bellied Fruit Bat
13800220	Otopteropus cartilagonodus	Kock 1969	SPECIES			cartilagonodus		Otopteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Senckenberg. Biol. vol.50 p.333			Luzon (Philippines).	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Indeterminate. IUCN 2003  Vulnerable.		Luzon Fruit Bat
13800169	Melonycteris woodfordi	Thomas 1887	SPECIES			woodfordi	Nesonycteris	Melonycteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5 vol.19 p.147		aurantius  Phillips, 1966.	Bougainville and Buka Isls (Papua New Guinea), N and W Solomon Isls.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened as M. woodfordi, No Data: Limited Distribution as M. aurantius. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc) as M. woodfordi; Vulnerable as M. aurantius.	Subgenus Nesonycteris. Includes aurantius; see Flannery (1993b). Also see Flannery (1995b) and Bonaccorso (1998).	Woodford's Fruit Bat
13800170	Melonycteris woodfordi subsp. woodfordi	Thomas 1887	SUBSPECIES		woodfordi	woodfordi	Nesonycteris	Melonycteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5 vol.19 p.147		&nbsp; 				
13800171	Melonycteris woodfordi subsp. aurantius	Phillips 1966	SUBSPECIES		aurantius	woodfordi	Nesonycteris	Melonycteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
14000235	Panthera leo subsp. massaica	Neumann 1900	SUBSPECIES		massaica	leo		Panthera	Felidae	Carnivora							
13800174	Micropteropus pusillus	Peters 1867 "1868"	SPECIES			pusillus		Micropteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1867 p.870			Senegal and Gambia east to Ethiopia and Sudan; south to Angola, Zambia, Burundi, and Tanzania.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	See Owen-Ashley and Wilson (1998). For discussion of publication date, see Kock et al. (2002).	Peters's Lesser Epauletted Fruit Bat
13800175	Myonycteris	Matschie 1899	GENUS					Myonycteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Megachiroptera Berlin Mus. p.61, 63	Cynonycteris torquata Dobson, 1878.	Phygetis  K. Andersen, 1912; Phylletis Juste and Ibáñez, 1993.			Revised by Bergmans (1976, 1997). Two subgenera are presently recognized, Myonycteris and Phygetis, following Koopman (1994).	
13800176	Myonycteris	Matschie 1899	SUBGENUS				Myonycteris	Myonycteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Megachiroptera Berlin Mus. p.61, 63	Cynonycteris torquata Dobson, 1878.					
13800178	Myonycteris brachycephala	Bocage 1889	SPECIES			brachycephala	Phygetis	Myonycteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	J. Sci. Math. Phys. Nat. Lisboa, ser. 2 vol.1 p.198		brachycephalus  Seabra, 1898; collaris Andersen, 1907 [in part: the São Tomé specimen].	São Tomé Isl (Gulf of Guinea).	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Vulnerable: Limited Distribution. IUCN 2003 ûEndangered.	Subgenus Phygetis. Reviewed by Bergmans (1997).	São Tomé Collared Fruit Bat
13800179	Myonycteris relicta	Bergmans 1980	SPECIES			relicta	Myonycteris	Myonycteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Zool. Meded. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. Leiden vol.14 p.126			Kenya, Tanzania, Zimbabwe along border with Mozambique.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Vulnerable: Limited Distribution. IUCN 2003  Vulnerable.	Subgenus Myonycteris. Reviewed by Bergmans (1997). Peterson et al. (1995) assigned this species to Rousettus.	Bergmans's Collared Fruit Bat
13800180	Myonycteris torquata	Dobson 1878	SPECIES			torquata	Myonycteris	Myonycteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Cat. Chiroptera Brit. Mus. p.71, 76		collaris  Andersen, 1907; leptodon Andersen, 1908; wroughtoni Andersen, 1908.	Guinea and Sierra Leone to Uganda, south to Angola and NW Zambia; Bioko (Equatorial Guinea).	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Myonycteris. Includes leptodon and wroughtoni; see Hayman and Hill (1971), Peterson et al. (1995), and Bergmans (1976, 1997). Koopman (1994) recognized torquata, leptodon, and wroughtoni as subspecies, but see Bergmans (1997).	Little Collared Fruit Bat
13800184	Neopteryx frosti	Hayman 1946	SPECIES			frosti		Neopteryx	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 11 vol.12 p.571			W and N Sulawesi.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Rare: Limited Distribution. IUCN 2003  Vulnerable.	Known from only 7 specimens; see Bergmans and Rozendaal (1988) and Bergmans (2001).	Small-toothed Fruit Bat
13800185	Notopteris	Gray 1859	GENUS					Notopteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1859 p.36	Notopteris macdonaldi Gray, 1859.					
13800186	Notopteris macdonaldi	Gray 1859	SPECIES			macdonaldi		Notopteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1859 p.38			Vanuatu (= New Hebrides), Fiji Isls. A record from the Caroline Isls is probably incorrect (K. Helgen, pers. comm.).	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992) and IUCN 2003  Vulnerable.	Apparently does not include neocaledonica, here considered a distinct species following Flannery (1995b).	Fijian Long-tailed Fruit Bat
13800187	Notopteris neocaledonica	Trouessart 1908	SPECIES			neocaledonica		Notopteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris vol.14 p.257			New Caledonia.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  No Data: Limited Distribution as N. macdonaldi neocaledonica. IUCN 2003  Not listed.	Included in macdonaldi by Sanborn and Nicholson (1950) and Hill (1983), but distinguished by non-overlapping measurements in most dimensions; see Sanborn and Nicholson (1950) and Flannery (1995b).	New Caledonia Long-tailed Fruit Bat
13800188	Nyctimene	Borkhausen 1797	GENUS					Nyctimene	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Deutsche Fauna vol.1 p.86	Vespertilio cephalotes Pallas, 1767.	Bdelygma  Matschie, 1899; Cephalotes E. Geoffroy, 1810; Gelasinus Temminck, 1837 [not Gelasinus Van der Hoeven, 1827, a crustacean]; Harpyia Illiger, 1811 [not Harypia Ochsenheimer, 1810, a lepidopteran]; Uronycteris Gray, 1863.			Reviewed by Smith and Hood (1983) and Bergmans (2001). Bergmans (2001) proposed inclusion of Paranyctimene as a subgenus of Nyctimene, but I retain Paranyctimene as a distinct genus pending phylogenetic studies of relationships of these taxa (see comments under Paranyctimene). Species groups follow Bergmans (2001).	
13800498	Rhinolophus clivosus subsp. keniensis	Hollister 1916	SUBSPECIES		keniensis	clivosus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						ferrumequinum species group.	
13800189	Nyctimene aello	Thomas 1900	SPECIES			aello		Nyctimene	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.5 p.216		celaeno  Thomas, 1922.	Mainland New Guinea; Kairiru and Admosin Isls (Papua New Guinea); Misool and Salawati Isl (Prov. of Papua, Indonesia).	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Rare as N. aello, No Data: Limited Distribution as N. celaeno. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (nt) as N. aello; Vulnerable as N. celaeno.	aello species group. Includes celaeno, see Flannery (1995a, b) and Bergmans (2001). Also see Bonaccorso (1998).	Broad-striped Tube-nosed Fruit Bat
13800190	Nyctimene albiventer	Gray 1862 "1863"	SPECIES			albiventer		Nyctimene	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1862 p.262		papuanus  K. Andersen, 1910.	New Guinea, Molucca Isls.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	albiventer species group. Does not include draconilla; see Hill (1983). Does not include bougainville, which Smith and Hood (1983) placed in vizcaccia. Includes papuanus, see Kitchener et al. (1995c). Peterson (1991) treated papuanus as a distinct species but provided no comparisons with albiventer. Does not include keasti; see Kitchener et al. (1995c). Also see Flannery (1995a, b). Aru Isl population has not been allocated to subspecies; see Kitchener et al. (1995c). Reviewed by Bergmans (2001).	Common Tube-nosed Fruit Bat
13800193	Nyctimene cephalotes	Pallas 1767	SPECIES			cephalotes		Nyctimene	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Spicil. Zool. vol.3 p.10		melinus  Kerr, 1792; pallasi E. Geoffroy, 1810; aplini Kitchener, 1995 [in Kitchener et al., 1995c].	Indonesia: Sulawesi, Sula Isls; Seram, Boano, Ambon, and Buru Isls (Molucca Isls); extreme S New Guinea and Moa Isl (Australia). Records reported from Timor probably represent keasti; see Kitchener et al. (1995c). A record from Numfor Isl (off N coast New Guinea) represents an undescribed species, and another undescribed species occurs in the Sangihe Isls (K. Helgen, pers. comm.).	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	cephalotes species group. Does not include vizcaccia; see Smith and Hood (1983). Revised by Kitchener et al. (1995c). Also see Heaney and Peterson (1984), Flannery (1995b), Bonaccorso (1998), Bergmans (2001), and Kompanje and Moeliker (2001).	Pallas's Tube-nosed Fruit Bat
13800194	Nyctimene cephalotes subsp. cephalotes	Pallas 1767	SUBSPECIES		cephalotes	cephalotes		Nyctimene	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Spicil. Zool. vol.3 p.10					cephalotes species group.	
13800195	Nyctimene cephalotes subsp. aplini	Kitchener 1995	SUBSPECIES		aplini	cephalotes		Nyctimene	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	[in Kitchener et al., 1995c]					cephalotes species group.	
13800196	Nyctimene certans	K. Andersen 1912	SPECIES			certans		Nyctimene	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.8 p.95			New Guinea.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Rare as N. cyclotis certans. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (nt).	cyclotis species group. Formerly included in cyclotis but see Peterson (1991) and Flannery (1995a). Also see Bonaccorso (1998), who included certans in cyclotis. The relationship between these forms remains unclear and they may be conspecific (K. Helgen, pers. comm.).	Mountain Tube-nosed Fruit Bat
13800277	Pteropus dasymallus subsp. inopinatus	Kuroda 1933	SUBSPECIES		inopinatus	dasymallus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						subnigerspecies group.	
13800197	Nyctimene cyclotis	K. Andersen 1910	SPECIES			cyclotis		Nyctimene	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.6 p.623			Arfak Mtns. (New Guinea). Specimens from Mansuar Isl. (Prov. of Papua, Indonesia) may also represent cyclotis (Meinig, 2002). Specimens from New Britain formerly assigned to this species apparently represent vizcaccia (Bonaccorso, 1998).	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  No Data. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (nt).	cyclotis species group. Apparently does not include certans; see Peterson (1991) and Flannery (1995a, b), though also see Bonaccorso (1998) and comments under certans.	Round-eared Tube-nosed Fruit Bat
13800198	Nyctimene draconilla	Thomas 1922	SPECIES			draconilla		Nyctimene	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Nova Guinea vol.13 p.725			New Guinea.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Rare. IUCN 2003  Vulnerable.	albiventer species group. Considered a subspecies of albiventer by Laurie and Hill (1954), but see Hill (1983), Koopman (1982), Flannery (1995a), and Bonaccorso (1998), all of whom treated it as distinct, though with some reservations. Bergmans (2001) questioned the validity of this species but did not revise it.	Dragon Tube-nosed Fruit Bat
13800199	Nyctimene keasti	Kitchener in Kitchener, Packer, and Maryanto 1993	SPECIES			keasti		Nyctimene	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Rec. West. Aust. Mus. vol.16 p.408		babari  Bergmans, 2001; tozeri Kitchener, 1995 [in Kitchener et al., 1995c].	Babar, Tanimbar, and Kai Isls (Molucca Isls, Indonesia); probably Timor and Flores (K. Helgen, pers. comm.).	Described after completion of IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992); IUCN 2003  not evaluated.	cephalotes species group. Originally described as a subspecies of albiventer, but recognized as a distinct species by Kitchener et al. (1995c) and Bergmans (2001). Revised by Bergmans (2001).	Keast's Tube-nosed Fruit Bat
13800200	Nyctimene keasti subsp. keasti	Kitchener in Kitchener, Packer, and Maryanto 1993	SUBSPECIES		keasti	keasti		Nyctimene	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Rec. West. Aust. Mus. vol.16 p.408		&nbsp; 			cephalotes species group.	
13800201	Nyctimene keasti subsp. babari	Bergmans 2001	SUBSPECIES		babari	keasti		Nyctimene	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						cephalotes species group.	
13800499	Rhinolophus clivosus subsp. schwarzi	Heim de Balsac 1934	SUBSPECIES		schwarzi	clivosus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						ferrumequinum species group.	
13800203	Nyctimene major	Dobson 1877	SPECIES			major		Nyctimene	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1877 p.117		geminus  K. Andersen, 1910; lullulae Thomas, 1904; scitulus K. Andersen, 1910.	D'Entrecasteaux Isls, Trobriand Isls, Bismarck and Louisiade Archs. (Papua New Guinea), Solomon Isls, and small islands off the north coast of New Guinea. A New Guinea mainland record is almost certainly erroneous; see Koopman (1979).	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	cephalotes species group. Reviewed in part by Koopman (1979) and Hill (1983). See also Flannery (1995b) and Bonaccorso (1998).	Island Tube-nosed Fruit Bat
13800204	Nyctimene major subsp. major	Dobson 1877	SUBSPECIES		major	major		Nyctimene	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1877 p.117		&nbsp; 			cephalotes species group.	
13800205	Nyctimene major subsp. geminus	K. Andersen 1910	SUBSPECIES		geminus	major		Nyctimene	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						cephalotes species group.	
13800206	Nyctimene major subsp. lullulae	Thomas 1904	SUBSPECIES		lullulae	major		Nyctimene	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						cephalotes species group.	
13800208	Nyctimene malaitensis	Phillips 1968	SPECIES			malaitensis		Nyctimene	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.16 p.822			Malaita and Makira Isls (Solomon Isls).	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  No Data: Limited Distribution. IUCN 2003  Vulnerable.	albiventer species group. Possibly a synonym of vizcaccia; see Flannery (1995b) but note that he used the name bougainville for the latter taxon.	Malaita Tube-nosed Fruit Bat
13800209	Nyctimene masalai	Smith and Hood 1983	SPECIES			masalai		Nyctimene	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Occas. Pap. Mus. Texas Tech Univ. vol.81 p.1			New Ireland (Bismarck Arch.).	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  No Data: Limited Distribution. IUCN 2003  Vulnerable.	albiventer species group. Apparently included in vizcaccia by Bonaccorso (1998). Bergmans (2001) questioned the validity of this species but continued to list it as a separate taxon pending a revision. Treated as distinct by Emmons and Kinbag (2002).	Demonic Tube-nosed Fruit Bat
13800210	Nyctimene minutus	K. Andersen 1910	SPECIES			minutus		Nyctimene	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.6 p.622		varius  K. Andersen, 1910.	Sulawesi, C Moluccas.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Vulnerable.	albiventer species group. The status of minutus and varius is unclear, and is currently under review by K. Helgen (pers. comm.).	Lesser Tube-nosed Fruit Bat
13800211	Nyctimene minutus subsp. minutus	K. Andersen 1910	SUBSPECIES		minutus	minutus		Nyctimene	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.6 p.622		&nbsp; 			albiventer species group. The status of minutus and varius is unclear, and is currently under review by K. Helgen (pers. comm.).	
13800212	Nyctimene minutus subsp. varius	K. Andersen 1910	SUBSPECIES		varius	minutus		Nyctimene	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						albiventer species group. The status of minutus and varius is unclear, and is currently under review by K. Helgen (pers. comm.).	
13800213	Nyctimene rabori	Heaney and Peterson 1984	SPECIES			rabori		Nyctimene	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan vol.708 p.3			Negros, Cebu, and Sibuyan Isls (Philippines); Karakelang Isl (Talaud Isls, Indonesia).	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Endangered: Limited Distribution. IUCN 2003  Critically Endangered.	cephalotes species group. Corbet and Hill (1992) noted that rabori might be conspecific with cephalotes, but see Bergmans (2001).	Philippine Tube-nosed Fruit Bat
13800214	Nyctimene robinsoni	Thomas 1904	SPECIES			robinsoni		Nyctimene	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.14 p.196		tryoni  Longman, 1921.	E Queensland (Australia).	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	cephalotes species group. See Churchill (1998).	Queensland Tube-nosed Fruit Bat
13800215	Nyctimene sanctacrucis	Troughton 1931	SPECIES			sanctacrucis		Nyctimene	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. vol.56 p.206			Santa Cruz Isls.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992) and IUCN 2003  Extinct.	cephalotes species group. Known only from the holotype; see Flannery (1995b).	Nendo Tube-nosed Fruit Bat
13800216	Nyctimene vizcaccia	Thomas 1914	SPECIES			vizcaccia		Nyctimene	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.13 p.436		bougainville  Troughton, 1936; minor Phillips, 1968.	Bismarck Arch., Bougainville Isl, Solomon Isls (N of Malaita only).	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	albiventer species group. Includes bougainville; see Smith and Hood (1983), but also see Flannery (1995b), who considered the latter to be a distinct species while treating vizcacaia as a synonym of albiventer. Includes minor, but see Peterson (1991). Formerly included in cephalotes, but see Smith and Hood (1983). Reviewed by Bergmans (2001); also see Bonaccorso (1998). May include malaitensis.	Umboi Tube-nosed Fruit Bat
13800217	Nyctimene vizcaccia subsp. vizcaccia	Thomas 1914	SUBSPECIES		vizcaccia	vizcaccia		Nyctimene	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.13 p.436		&nbsp; 			albiventer species group.	
13800218	Nyctimene vizcaccia subsp. bougainville	Troughton 1936	SUBSPECIES		bougainville	vizcaccia		Nyctimene	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						albiventer species group.	
13800219	Otopteropus	Kock 1969	GENUS					Otopteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Senckenberg. Biol. vol.50 p.329	Otopteropus cartilagonodus Kock, 1969.	Otopterus  Sokolov, 1973 [lapsus, not Otopterus Lydekker, 1891].				
13800221	Paranyctimene	Tate 1942	GENUS					Paranyctimene	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.1204 p.1	Paranyctimene raptor Tate, 1942.				Revised by Bergmans (2001). Bergmans (2001) proposed that Paranyctimene be considered a subgenus of Nyctimene, but I retain Paranyctimene as a distinct genus pending studies of phylogenetic relationships of these taxa. Should Paranyctimene be shown to nest within a clade of Nyctimene species, I would support synonymizing these genera. However, I see little to be gained by this change if Nyctimene sensu stricto proves to be monophyletic with respect to Paranyctimene (and vice versa) given the long history of usage of these names. Electophoretic data published by Donnellan et al. (1995) suggests that these taxa are indeed reciprocally monophyletic.	
13800257	Pteropus anetianus subsp. motalavae	Felten and Kock 1972	SUBSPECIES		motalavae	anetianus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						samoensis species group.	
13800258	Pteropus anetianus subsp. pastoris	Felten and Kock 1972	SUBSPECIES		pastoris	anetianus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						samoensis species group.	
13800222	Paranyctimene raptor	Tate 1942	SPECIES			raptor		Paranyctimene	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.1204 p.1			Papua New Guinea; possibly Mainland Prov. of Papua (Indonesia) and Salawati Isl (Indonesia).	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Rare. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (nt).	Reviewed and rediagnosed by Bergmans (2001); also see Flannery (1995a, b) and Bonaccorso (1998). Many of the published records of this species may represent tenax, see Bergmans (2001).	Unstriped Tube-nosed Fruit Bat
13800223	Paranyctimene tenax	Bergmans 2001	SPECIES			tenax		Paranyctimene	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Beaufortia vol.51 p.146		marculus  Bergmans, 2001.	Mainland New Guinea; Waigeo Isl (Indonesia, Prov. of Papua).	IUCN 2003  not evaluated (new species).	Originally placed in Nyctimene (subgenus Paranyctimene) by Bergmans (2001); see comments under those genera. Many published records referred to raptor may actually represent tenax, see Bergmans (2001).	Steadfast Tube-nosed Fruit Bat
13800224	Paranyctimene tenax subsp. tenax	Bergmans 2001	SUBSPECIES		tenax	tenax		Paranyctimene	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Beaufortia vol.51 p.146		&nbsp; 				
13800225	Paranyctimene tenax subsp. marculus	Bergmans 2001	SUBSPECIES		marculus	tenax		Paranyctimene	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13800226	Penthetor	K. Andersen 1912	GENUS					Penthetor	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Cat. Chiroptera Brit. Mus. p.665	Cynopterus (Ptenochirus) lucasi Dobson, 1880.					
13800227	Penthetor lucasi	Dobson 1880	SPECIES			lucasi		Penthetor	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5 vol.6 p.163			W Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra, Riau Arch. (Indonesia).	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).		Lucas's Short-nosed Fruit Bat
13800228	Plerotes	K. Andersen 1910	GENUS					Plerotes	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.5 p.97	Epomophorus anchietae Seabra, 1900.				Revised by Bergmans (1989).	
13800278	Pteropus dasymallus subsp. yayeyamae	Kuroda 1933	SUBSPECIES		yayeyamae	dasymallus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						subnigerspecies group.	
13800229	Plerotes anchietae	Seabra 1900	SPECIES			anchietae		Plerotes	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	J. Sci. Math. Phys. Nat. Lisboa, ser. 2 vol.6 p.116			Angola, Zambia, S Dem. Rep. Congo, Malawi.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Rare. IUCN 2003  Data Deficient.	Reviewed by Kock et al. (1998). Sometimes misspelled anchietai, but see Kock et al. (1998).	Anchieta's Broad-faced Fruit Bat
13800230	Ptenochirus	Peters 1861	GENUS					Ptenochirus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1861 p.707	Pachysoma (Ptenochirus) jagori Peters, 1861.					
13800231	Ptenochirus jagori	Peters 1861	SPECIES			jagori		Ptenochirus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1861 p.707			Philippines except Palawan region.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	Sometimes misspelled jagorii (e.g., Corbet and Hill, 1992).	Greater Musky Fruit Bat
13800232	Ptenochirus minor	Yoshiyuki 1979	SPECIES			minor		Ptenochirus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo, Ser. A (Zool.) vol.5 p.75			Philippines.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).		Lesser Musky Fruit Bat
13800233	Pteralopex	Thomas 1888	GENUS					Pteralopex	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.1 p.155	Pteralopex atrata Thomas, 1888.				Revised by Parnaby (2002b); also see Hill and Beckon (1978). For a key to species see Parnaby (2002b).	
13800234	Pteralopex acrodonta	Hill and Beckon 1978	SPECIES			acrodonta		Pteralopex	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Zool. vol.34 p.68			Taveuni Isl (Fiji Isls).	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Endangered: Limited Distribution. IUCN 2003  Critically Endangered.	Reviewed by Parnaby (2002b); also see Flannery (1995b).	Fijian Monkey-faced Fruit Bat
13800235	Pteralopex anceps	K. Andersen 1909	SPECIES			anceps		Pteralopex	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.3 p.266			Buka, Bougainville Isls (Papua New Guinea); Choiseul Isl and Isabel Isl (Solomon Isls).	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Endangered: Limited Distribution. IUCN 2003  Critically Endangered.	Considered a subspecies of atrata by Phillips (1968), but clearly distinct; see Hill and Beckon (1978) Flannery (1991b, 1995b), and Parnaby (2002b). See also Bonaccorso (1998).	Bougainville Monkey-faced Fruit Bat
13800236	Pteralopex atrata	Thomas 1888	SPECIES			atrata		Pteralopex	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.1 p.155			Guadalcanal (Solomon Isls). A specimen from Isabel Isl formerly referred to this species has been reidentified as anceps (see Parnaby, 2002b).	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Endangered: Limited Distribution. IUCN 2003  Critically Endangered.	Does not include anceps; see Hill and Beckon (1978), Flannery (1991b, 1995b), and Parnaby (2002b).	Guadalcanal Monkey-faced Fruit Bat
13800237	Pteralopex pulchra	Flannery 1991	SPECIES			pulchra		Pteralopex	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Rec. Aust. Mus. vol.43 p.125			Montane Guadalcanal (Solomon Isls).	Described after completion of IUCN/SSC Old World Fruit Bat Action Plan (1992). IUCN 2003  Critically Endangered.	Known only from the holotype. See Flannery (1991b, 1995b) and Parnaby (2002b).	Montane Monkey-faced Fruit Bat
13800289	Pteropus griseus subsp. mimus	K. Andersen 1908	SUBSPECIES		mimus	griseus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						subnigerspecies group.	
13800238	Pteralopex taki	Parnaby 2002	SPECIES			taki		Pteralopex	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Aust. Mammal. vol.23 p.146			New Georgia Isl and Vangunu Isl (Solomon Isls). Apparently locally extinct on Kolombangara Isl.	IUCN 2003  Not Evaluated as Pteralopex sp. nov., but Parnaby (2000b) recommended that this species be classified in the IUCN threat category of "Critically Endangered."	In addition to the original description by Parnaby (2002b), see Flannery (1995b), who discussed this species under its common name.	New Georgian Monkey-faced Bat
13800239	Pteropus	Brisson 1762	GENUS					Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Regnum Animale, Ed. 2 p.13, 153	Vespertilio vampirus niger Kerr, 1792, type species by designation under plenary powers of the International Commision on Zoological Nomenclature.	Desmalopex  Miller, 1907; Eunycteris Gray, 1866; Pselaphon Gray, 1870 [not Pselaphon Herbst, 1792, a coleopteran]; Sericonycteris Matschie, 1899; Spectrum Lacépède, 1799 [not Spectrum Scopoli, 1777, a lepidopteran].			The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature ruled in favor of rejecting Brisson (1762), but conserved several of the generic names including Pteropus (Opinion 1894, ICZN 1998). Formerly included arquatus and leucotis which were transferred to Acerodon by Musser et al. (1982a). Species groups follow Koopman (1994).	
13800240	Pteropus admiralitatum	Thomas 1894	SPECIES			admiralitatum		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.13 p.293		colonus  K. Andersen, 1908; goweri Tate, 1934; solomonis Thomas, 1904.	Solomon Isls; Admiralty Isls, New Britain, and Tabar Isls (Bismarck Arch.).	CITES  Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	subniger species group. Reviewed by Felten and Kock (1972); also see Flannery (1995b) and Bonaccorso (1998).	Admiralty Flying Fox
13800241	Pteropus admiralitatum subsp. admiralitatum	Thomas 1894	SUBSPECIES		admiralitatum	admiralitatum		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.13 p.293		&nbsp; 			subniger species group.	
13800242	Pteropus admiralitatum subsp. colonus	K. Andersen 1908	SUBSPECIES		colonus	admiralitatum		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						subniger species group.	
13800243	Pteropus admiralitatum subsp. goweri	Tate 1934	SUBSPECIES		goweri	admiralitatum		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						subniger species group.	
13800244	Pteropus admiralitatum subsp. solomonis	Thomas 1904	SUBSPECIES		solomonis	admiralitatum		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						subniger species group.	
13800245	Pteropus aldabrensis	True 1893	SPECIES			aldabrensis		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. vol.16 p.533			Known only from the type locality.	CITES  Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Vulnerable: Limited Distribution as P. seychellensis aldabrensis. IUCN 2003  Vulnerable.	niger species group. Included in seychellensis by Hill (1971b), but see Bergmans (1990).	Aldabra Flying Fox
13800246	Pteropus alecto	Temminck 1837	SPECIES			alecto		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Monogr. Mamm. vol.2 p.75		nicobaricus  Heude, 1897 [not Zelebor, 1869]; aterrimus Matschie, 1899; aterrimus Temminck, 1846 [nomen nudum]; baveanus Miller, 1906; gouldi Peters, 1867; morio K. Andersen, 1908.	Sulawesi, Saleyer Isl, Lombok, Bawean Isl, Kangean Isls, Sumba Isl, and Savu Isl (Indonesia); N and E Australia; S New Guinea.	CITES  Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	alecto species group. Includes gouldi; see Tate (1942b); also see Bergmans and Rozendaal (1988). The synonymy of nicobaricus with alecto is uncertain (Corbet and Hill, 1992). See Webb and Tideman (1995) for discussion of cases of hybridization with poliocephalus and possible hybridization with conspicillatus. Also see Flannery (1995a, b).	Black Flying Fox
13800247	Pteropus alecto subsp. alecto	Temminck 1837	SUBSPECIES		alecto	alecto		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Monogr. Mamm. vol.2 p.75					alecto species group.	
13800248	Pteropus alecto subsp. aterrimus	Matschie 1899	SUBSPECIES		aterrimus	alecto		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						alecto species group.	
13800249	Pteropus alecto subsp. gouldi	Peters 1867	SUBSPECIES		gouldi	alecto		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						alecto species group.	
13800250	Pteropus alecto subsp. morio	K. Andersen 1908	SUBSPECIES		morio	alecto		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						alecto species group.	
13800378	Pteropus tonganus subsp. basiliscus	Thomas 1915	SUBSPECIES		basiliscus	tonganus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera				Karkar Isl (off NE New Guinea)		mariannus species group. May actually be a subspecies of conspicillatus (K. Helgen, pers. comm.).	
13800251	Pteropus anetianus	Gray 1870	SPECIES			anetianus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Cat. Monkeys, Lemurs, Fruit-eating Bats Brit. Mus. p.101		aorensis  Lawrence, 1945; bakeri Thomas, 1925; banksiana Sanborn, 1930; eotinus K. Andersen, 1913; motalavae Felten and Kock, 1972; pastoris Felten and Kock, 1972.	Vanuatu including Banks Isls.	CITES  Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Indeterminate. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	samoensis species group. Includes eotinus, bakeri, and banksiana; see Felten and Kock (1972). Also see Flannery (1995b).	Vanuatu Flying Fox
13800252	Pteropus anetianus subsp. anetianus	Gray 1870	SUBSPECIES		anetianus	anetianus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Cat. Monkeys, Lemurs, Fruit-eating Bats Brit. Mus. p.101		&nbsp; 			samoensis species group.	
13800253	Pteropus anetianus subsp. aorensis	Lawrence 1945	SUBSPECIES		aorensis	anetianus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						samoensis species group.	
13800254	Pteropus anetianus subsp. bakeri	Thomas 1925	SUBSPECIES		bakeri	anetianus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						samoensis species group.	
13800259	Pteropus aruensis	Peters 1867	SPECIES			aruensis		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1867 p.330		fumigatus  Rosenberg, 1867; rubiginosus Rosenberg, 1867.	Aru Isls (Indonesia).	CITES  Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  No Data: Limited Distribution as Pteropus melanopogon aruensis. IUCN 2003  Not listed. This species has not been collected since the nineteenth century, and probably should be listed as Critically Endangered (K. Helgen, pers. comm.).	melanopogon species group. Often listed as a subspecies of melanopogon following Laurie and Hill (1954), but see Bergmans (2001), who argued that aruensis should be considered distinct pending additional review of this complex.	Aru Flying Fox
13800260	Pteropus banakrisi	Richards and Hall 2002	SPECIES			banakrisi		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Australian Zool. vol.32 p.60			Moa Isl (Australia).	CITES  Appendix II. IUCN 2003  not evaluated (new species).	alecto species group. May be conspecific with alecto (K. Helgen, pers. comm.).	Torresian Flying Fox
13800261	Pteropus brunneus	Dobson 1878	SPECIES			brunneus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Cat. Chiroptera Brit. Mus. p.37			Known from the type locality only.	CITES  Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Extinct? IUCN 2003  Extinct.	subniger species group. Known only from the holotype. It is not clear that this taxon represents a valid species, see Koopman (1984c).	Dusky Flying Fox
13800279	Pteropus faunulus	Miller 1902	SPECIES			faunulus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. vol.24 p.785			Nicobar Isls (India).	CITES  Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  No Data: Limited Distribution. IUCN 2003  Vulnerable.	subniger species group. Reviewed by Bates and Harrison (1997).	Nicobar Flying Fox
13800467	Rhinolophus arcuatus subsp. beccarii	K. Andersen 1907	SUBSPECIES		beccarii	arcuatus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						euryotis species group.	
13800262	Pteropus caniceps	Gray 1870	SPECIES			caniceps		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Cat. Monkeys, Lemurs, Fruit-eating Bats Brit. Mus. p.107		affinis  Gray, 1871; batchiana Gray, 1871; dobsoni Andersen, 1908; fuscus Dobson, 1878 [not Geoffory, 1803, Desmarest, 1803, or Blainville, 1840].	Halmahera (Indonesia). Sula, Peleng, and Sangihe Isl records are erroneous, and a single Sulawesi record (obtained from a dealer) is dubious (Bergmans and Rozendaal, 1988; K. Helgen, pers. comm.; Koopman, 1993).	CITES  Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	caniceps species group. Includes dobsoni; see Laurie and Hill (1954). Also see Flannery (1995b).	North Moluccan Flying Fox
13800263	Pteropus caniceps subsp. caniceps	Gray 1870	SUBSPECIES		caniceps	caniceps		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Cat. Monkeys, Lemurs, Fruit-eating Bats Brit. Mus. p.107					caniceps species group.	
13800264	Pteropus caniceps subsp. dobsoni	Andersen 1908	SUBSPECIES		dobsoni	caniceps		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						caniceps species group.	
13800265	Pteropus capistratus	Peters 1876	SPECIES			capistratus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1876 p.316		ennisae  Flannery and White, 1991.	Bismarck Arch. (Papua New Guinea).	CITES  Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  No Data as P. temmincki capistratus. IUCN 2003  Not listed.	Formerly regarded as a subspecies of temmincki, but apparently distinct; see Flannery (1995b). See also Flannery and White (1991) and Bonaccorso (1998).	Bismark Masked Flying Fox
13800266	Pteropus capistratus subsp. capistratus	Peters 1876	SUBSPECIES		capistratus	capistratus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1876 p.316		&nbsp; 				
13800267	Pteropus capistratus subsp. ennisae	Flannery and White 1991	SUBSPECIES		ennisae	capistratus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13800315	Pteropus livingstonii	Gray 1866	SPECIES			livingstonii		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1866 p.66			Comoro Isls.	CITES  Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Endangered: Limited Distribution. IUCN 2003  Critically Endangered.	livingstonii species group. Reviewed by Bergmans (1990). Misspelled livingstonei by Koopman (1993, 1994).	Comoro Flying Fox
13800268	Pteropus chrysoproctus	Temminck 1837	SPECIES			chrysoproctus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Monogr. Mamm. vol.2 p.67		argentatus  Gray, 1843 [nomen nudum]; argentatus Gray, 1844.	Ambon, Buru, Seram, and small islands east of Seram (Indonesia). A Sangihe Isl record is erroneous; see Bergmans and Rozendaal (1988).	CITES  Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  No Data. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (nt).	chrysoproctus species group. See Flannery (1995b). Apparently includes argentatus, a taxon based on a badly damaged immature specimen thought to be from Ambon (K. Helgen, pers. comm.). Sulawesi specimens previously referred to argentatus were allocated to Acerodon celebensis by Musser et al. (1982a). This complex includes several undescribed species (K. Helgen, pers. comm.).	Moluccan Flying Fox
13800269	Pteropus cognatus	K. Andersen 1908	SPECIES			cognatus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.2 p.365			Makira and Uki Ni Masi Isls (Solomon Isls).	CITES  Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  No Data: Limited Distribution as P. rayneri cognatus. IUCN 2003  Not listed.	Often considered a subspecies of rayneri (e.g., Hill, 1962a), but apparently distinct; see Flannery (1995b). May be conspecific with rennelli (K. Helgen, pers. comm.).	Makira Flying Fox
13800290	Pteropus griseus subsp. pallidus	Temminck 1825	SUBSPECIES		pallidus	griseus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						subnigerspecies group.	
13800334	Pteropus melanotus subsp. natalis	Thomas 1887	SUBSPECIES		natalis	melanotus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						melanotus species group.	
13800270	Pteropus conspicillatus	Gould 1849 "1850"	SPECIES			conspicillatus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1849 p.109		chrysauchen  Peters, 1862; mysolensis Gray, 1871.	N Moluccas (Indonesia); New Guinea and West Papuan Isls (Raja Ampat Isl, off NW coast of New Guinea); NE Queensland (Australia).	CITES  Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	conspicillatus species group. See Webb and Tideman (1995) for discussion of possible hybridization with alecto. Also see Flannery (1995a, b), Bonaccorso (1998), and Bergmans (2001).	Spectacled Flying Fox
13800271	Pteropus conspicillatus subsp. conspicillatus	Gould 1849 "1850"	SUBSPECIES		conspicillatus	conspicillatus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1849 p.109		&nbsp; 			conspicillatus species group.	
13800272	Pteropus conspicillatus subsp. chrysauchen	Peters 1862	SUBSPECIES		chrysauchen	conspicillatus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						conspicillatus species group.	
13800273	Pteropus dasymallus	Temminck 1825	SPECIES			dasymallus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Monogr. Mamm. vol.1 p.180		rubricollis  Siebold, 1824 [not Geoffroy, 1810]; yamagatai Kishida, 1929; daitonensis Kuroda, 1921; formosus Sclater, 1873; inopinatus Kuroda, 1933; yayeyamae Kuroda, 1933.	Taiwan; Ryukyu Isls, Daito Isls and extreme S Kyushu (Japan); Batan, Dalupiri, and Fuga Isls (Philippines).	CITES  Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Endangered: Limited Distribution. IUCN 2003  Endangered.	subniger species group. Includes daitoensis; see Kuroda (1933) and Yoshiyuki (1989). Reviewed in part by Yoshiyuki (1989) and Horácek et al. (2000); see also Ingle and Heaney (1992).	Ryukyu Flying Fox
13800274	Pteropus dasymallus subsp. dasymallus	Temminck 1825	SUBSPECIES		dasymallus	dasymallus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Monogr. Mamm. vol.1 p.180					subniger species group. 	
13800275	Pteropus dasymallus subsp. daitonensis	Kuroda 1921	SUBSPECIES		daitonensis	dasymallus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						subnigerspecies group.	
13800276	Pteropus dasymallus subsp. formosus	Sclater 1873	SUBSPECIES		formosus	dasymallus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						subnigerspecies group.	
13800280	Pteropus fundatus	Felten and Kock 1972	SPECIES			fundatus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Senckenberg. Biol. vol.53 p.186			Banks Isls (Vanuatu).	CITES  Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  No Data: Limited Distribution. IUCN 2003  Vulnerable.	chrysoproctus species group. See Flannery (1995b).	Banks Flying Fox
13800281	Pteropus giganteus	Brünnich 1782	SPECIES			giganteus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Dyrenes Historie vol.1 p.43		edwardsi  Geoffroy, 1828 [not Geoffroy, 1810]; kelaarti Gray, 1871 [skin, not skull]; medius Temminck, 1825; ruvicollis Ogilby, 1840 [not E. Geoffroy, 1810]; ariel G. M. Allen, 1908; chinghaiensis Wang and Wang, 1962; leucocephalus Hodgson, 1835; assamensis McClelland, 1839.	Maldive Isls, India (incl. Andaman Isls), Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Burma, Tsinghai (China). The Tsinghai record requires confirmation. Cambodian records are apparently erroneous; see Kock (2000).	CITES  Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	vampyrus species group. Includes ariel; see Hill (1958). Possibly conspecific with vampyrus; see Corbet and Hill (1992). Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997) and Horácek et al. (2000).	Indian Flying Fox
13800282	Pteropus giganteus subsp. giganteus	Brünnich 1782	SUBSPECIES		giganteus	giganteus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Dyrenes Historie vol.1 p.43					vampyrus species group.	
13800283	Pteropus giganteus subsp. ariel	G. M. Allen 1908	SUBSPECIES		ariel	giganteus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						vampyrus species group.	
13800284	Pteropus giganteus subsp. chinghaiensis	Wang and Wang 1962	SUBSPECIES		chinghaiensis	giganteus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						vampyrus species group.	
13800285	Pteropus giganteus subsp. leucocephalus	Hodgson 1835	SUBSPECIES		leucocephalus	giganteus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						vampyrus species group.	
13800286	Pteropus gilliardorum	Van Deusen 1969	SPECIES			gilliardorum		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.2371 p.5			New Britain and New Ireland (Bismarck Arch., Papua New Guinea).	CITES  Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  No Data: Limited Distribution. IUCN 2003  Vulnerable as P. gilliardi.	scapulatus species group. See Flannery (1995b) and Bonaccorso (1998). Previously spelled gilliardi; ammended to gilliardorum by Flannery (1995b) following Article 31.1.2 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1999). Misspelled gailliardi by Koopman (1994).	Gilliard's Flying Fox
13800287	Pteropus griseus	E. Geoffroy 1810	SPECIES			griseus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.15 p.94		mimus  K. Andersen, 1908; pallidus Temminck, 1825.	Timor, Samao Isl, Dyampea Isl, Bonerato Isl, Saleyer Isl, Paternoster Isls, Pelang, Isl, Sulawesi, and Banda Isls (Indonesia).	CITES  Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	subniger species group. Includes mimus; see Laurie and Hill (1954) and Corbet and Hill (1992). May also include speciosus (here retained as a separate species); see Corbet and Hill (1992). Subspecies limits and allocation are uncertain; see Bergmans (2001).	Gray Flying Fox
13800288	Pteropus griseus subsp. griseus	E. Geoffroy 1810	SUBSPECIES		griseus	griseus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.15 p.94		&nbsp; 			subnigerspecies group.	
13800291	Pteropus howensis	Troughton 1931	SPECIES			howensis		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. vol.56 p.204			Ontong Java Isl (Solomon Isls).	CITES  Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  No Data: Limited Distribution. IUCN 2003  Vulnerable.	subniger species group. See Flannery (1995b).	Ontong Java Flying Fox
13800292	Pteropus hypomelanus	Temminck 1853	SPECIES			hypomelanus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Esquisses Zool. sur la Côte de Guine p.61		tricolor  Gray, 1871; annectens K. Andersen, 1908; cagayanus Mearns, 1905; canus K. Andersen, 1908; condorensis Peters, 1869; enganus Miller, 1906; fretensis Kloss, 1916; geminorum Miller, 1903; lepidus Miller, 1900; luteus K. Andersen, 1908; vulcanius Thomas, 1915; macassaricus Heude, 1897; maris Allen, 1936; robinsoni K. Andersen, 1909; satyrus K. Andersen, 1908; simalurus Thomas, 1923; tomesi Peters, 1869.	Andaman and Maldive Isls; New Guinea through Indonesia to Vietnam and Thailand, and adjacent islands; Philippines. Solomon Isls records are probably erroneous (K. Helgen, pers. comm.).	CITES  Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	subniger species group. It is possible that vociferus Peale, 1848, is an older name for this taxon; see K. Andersen (1912). Formerly included brunneus; see Ride (1970); but see Koopman (1984c) and Corbet and Hill (1992). Includes satyrus; see Bates and Harrison (1997), but also see Hill (1971c), who included satyrus in melanotus. Also see Flannery (1995a, b) and Bonaccorso (1998). Validity of many subspecies is questionable. Does not include mearnsi; see Heaney et al. (1987) and Flannery (1995b), but also see Corbet and Hill (1992).	Variable Flying Fox
13800293	Pteropus hypomelanus subsp. hypomelanus	Temminck 1853	SUBSPECIES		hypomelanus	hypomelanus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Esquisses Zool. sur la Côte de Guine p.61					subnigerspecies group.	
13800294	Pteropus hypomelanus subsp. annectens	K. Andersen 1908	SUBSPECIES		annectens	hypomelanus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						subnigerspecies group.	
13800309	Pteropus insularis	Hombron and Jacquinot 1842	SPECIES			insularis		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	In d'Urville, Voy. Pole Sud. Mammifères p.24		laniger  H. Allen, 1890; phaeocephalus Thomas, 1882.	Truk Isls (Micronesia).	CITES  Appendix I. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Endangered: Limited Distribution. IUCN 2003  Critically Endangered.	pselaphon species group. Includes phaeocephalus (K. Helgen, pers. comm.). See Flannery (1995b).	Ruck Flying Fox
13800310	Pteropus insularis subsp. insularis	Hombron and Jacquinot 1842	SUBSPECIES		insularis	insularis		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	In d'Urville, Voy. Pole Sud. Mammifères p.24					pselaphon species group.	
13800311	Pteropus insularis subsp. phaeocephalus	Thomas 1882	SUBSPECIES		phaeocephalus	insularis		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						pselaphon species group.	
13800312	Pteropus intermedius	K. Andersen 1908	SPECIES			intermedius		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.2 p.368			S Burma and W Thailand.	CITES  Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  No Data as P. vampyrus intermedius. IUCN 2003  Not listed.	vampyrus species group. Included in vampyrus by Lekagul and McNeely (1977) and Koopman (1993, 1994), but see Corbet and Hill (1992).	Andersen's Flying Fox
13800313	Pteropus keyensis	Peters 1867	SPECIES			keyensis		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1867 p.330		chrysargyrus  Heude, 1897.	Kai Isls (Indonesia).	CITES  Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  No Data: Limited Distribution as Pteropus melanopogon keyensis. IUCN 2003  Not listed.	melanopogon species group. Often listed as a subspecies of melanopogon following Laurie and Hill (1954), but see Bergmans (2001), who argued that keyensis should be considered distinct pending additional review of this complex.	Kei Flying Fox
13800314	Pteropus leucopterus	Temminck 1853	SPECIES			leucopterus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Esquisses Zool. sur la Côte de Guine p.60		chinensis  Gray, 1871.	Luzon, Catanduanes, and Dinagat Isls (Philippines).	CITES  Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Vulnerable. IUCN 2003  Endangered.	pselaphon species group.	White-winged Flying Fox
13800316	Pteropus lombocensis	Dobson 1878	SPECIES			lombocensis		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Cat. Chiroptera Brit. Mus. p.34		temmincki  Hartert, 1898 [not Peters, 1867]; heudei Matschie, 1899; tricolor Heude, 1897 [not Gray, 1871]; solitarius K. Andersen, 1908; salottii Kitchener, 1995 [in Kitchener and Maryanto, 1995].	Lombok, Sumbawa, Komodo, Flores, Lembata, Pantar, Alor and Timor Isls (Indonesia).	CITES  Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	molossinus species group. Revised by Kitchener et al. (1995d) and Kitchener and Maryanto (1995b).	Lombok Flying Fox
13800317	Pteropus lombocensis subsp. lombocensis	Dobson 1878	SUBSPECIES		lombocensis	lombocensis		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Cat. Chiroptera Brit. Mus. p.34					molossinus species group.	
13800318	Pteropus lombocensis subsp. heudei	Matschie 1899	SUBSPECIES		heudei	lombocensis		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						molossinus species group.	
14000237	Panthera leo subsp. nyanzae	Heller 1913	SUBSPECIES		nyanzae	leo		Panthera	Felidae	Carnivora							
13800320	Pteropus loochoensis	Gray 1870	SPECIES			loochoensis		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Cat. Monkeys, Lemurs and Fruit-eating Bats, British Museum p.106		keraudreni  Fritze, 1894; loochooensis Fritze, 1894; luchuensis Seitz, 1892.	Okinawa Isl, Ryûkyû Isls (Japan).	CITES  Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Endangered: Limited Distribution as P. mariannus loochoensis. IUCN 2003  Extinct.	mariannus species group. Often included in mariannus, but see Corbet and Hill (1980) and Yoshiyuki (1989). Reviewed by Yoshiyuki (1989). Flannery (1995b) treated loochoensis as a subspecies of mariannus without comment.	Japanese Flying Fox
13800321	Pteropus lylei	K. Andersen 1908	SPECIES			lylei		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.2 p.367			Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia.	CITES  Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	vampyrus species group.	Lyle's Flying Fox
13800322	Pteropus macrotis	Peters 1867	SPECIES			macrotis		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1867 p.327		insignis  Rosenberg, 1867; epularius Ramsay, 1878.	New Guinea; Aru Isls (Indonesia); Boigu Isl (Australia).	CITES  Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Old World Fruit Bat Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	poliocephalus species group. See Flannery (1995a, b), and Bonaccorso (1998).	Big-eared Flying Fox
13800323	Pteropus macrotis subsp. macrotis	Peters 1867	SUBSPECIES		macrotis	macrotis		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1867 p.327					poliocephalus species group	
13800324	Pteropus macrotis subsp. epularius	Ramsay 1878	SUBSPECIES		epularius	macrotis		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						poliocephalus species group	
13800468	Rhinolophus arcuatus subsp. exiguus	K. Andersen 1905	SUBSPECIES		exiguus	arcuatus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						euryotis species group.	
13800325	Pteropus mahaganus	Sanborn 1931	SPECIES			mahaganus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser. vol.2 p.19			Bougainville Isl (Papua New Guinea); Ysabel Isl and Choiseul Isl (Solomon Isls).	CITES  Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Vulnerable: Limited Distribution. IUCN 2003  Vulnerable.	scapulatus species group. See Flannery (1995b) and Bonaccorso (1998).	Sanborn's Flying Fox
13800326	Pteropus mariannus	Desmarest 1822	SPECIES			mariannus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Mammalogie, in Encycl. Méth. vol.2(Suppl.) p.547		keraudren  Quoy and Gaimard, 1824; paganensis Yamashima, 1932; ulthiensis Yamashima, 1932. <u>Not allocated to subspecies</u>: vanikorensis Quoy and Gaimard, 1830.	S Mariana Isls through Guam to Ulithi Isl.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered (but proposed reclassification to Threatened) in Guam as P. m. mariannus; Proposed Threatened in the Aguijan, Tinian, Saipan populations. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Endangered: Limited Distribution. IUCN 2003  Endangered.	mariannus species group. Probably includes vanikorensis, see Troughton (1930). If vanikorensis is in fact from the Mariana Isls (rather than Vanikoro Isl in the Santa Cruz Isls), it would likely be a synonym of either the nominate subspecies or paganensis. Systematics of this complex is somewhat confused; some authors have included pelewensis, ualanus, and yapensis as subspecies of mariannus (e.g., Koopman, 1994), while others have treated them as distinct species without comment (e.g., Corbet and Hill, 1980). I follow Flannery (1995b) in provisionally recognizing pelewensis, ualanus, and yapensis as distinct species pending further study.	Marianas Flying Fox
13800327	Pteropus mariannus subsp. mariannus	Desmarest 1822	SUBSPECIES		mariannus	mariannus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Mammalogie, in Encycl. Méth. vol.2(Suppl.) p.547					mariannus species group.	
13800328	Pteropus mariannus subsp. paganensis	Yamashima 1932	SUBSPECIES		paganensis	mariannus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						mariannus species group.	
13800329	Pteropus mariannus subsp. ulthiensis	Yamashima 1932	SUBSPECIES		ulthiensis	mariannus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						mariannus species group.	
13800348	Pteropus personatus	Temminck 1825	SPECIES			personatus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Monogr. Mamm. vol.1 p.189			North Molucca Isls (Halmahera and Obi Isl Groups), and Gag. Sulawesi records are erroneous; see Bergmans and Rozendaal (1988).	CITES  Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  No Data. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	personatus species group. See Flannery (1995b).	Moluccan Masked Flying Fox
13800500	Rhinolophus clivosus subsp. zuluensis	K. Andersen 1904	SUBSPECIES		zuluensis	clivosus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						ferrumequinum species group.	
13800330	Pteropus melanopogon	Peters 1867	SPECIES			melanopogon		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1867 p.330		argentatus  Gray, 1858 [not Gray, 1844]; phaiops Temminck, 1837 [not Temminck, 1825].	Amboina, Buru, Seram, Banda Isls, Yamdena (= Timor Laut), and adjacent islands (Indonesia). A Sangihe Isl record is erroneous; see Bergmans and Rozendaal (1988).	CITES  Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	melanopogon species group. Does not include sepikensis, here considered a synonym of neohibernicus; see Koopman (1979). I follow Bergmans (2001) in recognizing aruensis and keyensis (often listed as subspecies of melanopogon following Laurie and Hill [1954]) as distinct species pending additional review of this complex. This complex includes several undescribed species (K. Helgen, pers. comm.).	Black-bearded Flying Fox
13800331	Pteropus melanotus	Blyth 1863	SPECIES			melanotus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Cat. Mamm. Mus. Asiat. Soc. Calcutta p.20		edulis  Blyth, 1846 [not E. Geoffroy, 1810]; nicobaricus Fitzinger, 1861 [nomen nudum]; nicobaricus Zelebor, 1869; modiglianii Thomas, 1894; natalis Thomas, 1887; niadicus Miller, 1906; tytleri Dobson, 1874.	Nicobar and Andaman Isls (India); Engano Isl and Nias Isl (Indonesia); Christmas Isl.	CITES  Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	melanotus species group. Does not include satyrus; see Bates and Harrison (1997).	Black-eared Flying Fox
13800332	Pteropus melanotus subsp. melanotus	Blyth 1863	SUBSPECIES		melanotus	melanotus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Cat. Mamm. Mus. Asiat. Soc. Calcutta p.20					melanotus species group.	
13800337	Pteropus molossinus	Temminck 1853	SPECIES			molossinus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Esquisses Zool. sur la Côte de Guine p.62		breviceps  Thomas, 1883.	Pohnpei (= Ponape) and possibly Mortlock Isls (Caroline Isls, Micronesia).	CITES  Appendix I. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Endangered: Limited Distribution. IUCN 2003  Critically Endangered.	molossinus species group. See Flannery (1995b).	Caroline Flying Fox
13800338	Pteropus neohibernicus	Peters 1876	SPECIES			neohibernicus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1876 p.317		coronatus  Thomas, 1888; degener Peters, 1876; papuanus Peters and Doria, 1881; rufus Ramsay, 1891 [not E. Geoffroy, 1803, or Tiedemann, 1808]; sepikensis Sanborn, 1931; hilli Felten, 1961.	Bismarck Arch. and Admiralty Isls (Papua New Guinea), New Guinea, Misool and Gebi Isls, Gag Isl.	CITES  Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	neohibernicus species group. Includes sepikensis; see Koopman (1979). Also see Flannery (1995a, b) and Bonaccorso (1998).	Great Flying Fox
13800339	Pteropus neohibernicus subsp. neohibernicus	Peters 1876	SUBSPECIES		neohibernicus	neohibernicus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1876 p.317					neohibernicus species group.	
13800341	Pteropus niger	Kerr 1792	SPECIES			niger		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	In Linnaeus, Anim. Kingdom vol.1 p.90		fuscus  E. Geoffroy, 1803; mauritianus Hermann, 1804; rufus Tiedemann, 1808 [not E. Geoffroy, 1803]; pteropus Merriam ex Brisson, 1895; vulgaris E. Geoffroy, 1810.	Mascarene Isls (Réunion Isl, Mauritius Isl, subfossil on Rodrigues Isl). Madagascar records are probably erroneous (Bergmans, 1990).	CITES  Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Vulnerable: Limited Distribution. IUCN 2003  Vulnerable. Extinct on Réunion Isl, see Cheke and Dahl (1981).	niger species group. Reviewed by Bergmans (1990).	Greater Mascarene Flying Fox
13800342	Pteropus nitendiensis	Sanborn 1930	SPECIES			nitendiensis		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.435 p.2		sanctacrucis  Troughton, 1930.	Nendö and Tömotu Neo (in the Santa Cruz Isls, Solomon Isls).	CITES  Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  No Data: Limited Distribution as P. nitendiensis and as P. sanctacrucis. IUCN 2003  Vulnerable as P. nitendiensis and as P. sanctacrucis.	pselaphon species group. Includes sanctacrucis; see Flannery (1995b).	Temotu Flying Fox
13800343	Pteropus ocularis	Peters 1867	SPECIES			ocularis		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1867 p.326		ceramensis  Gray, 1871.	Seram and Buru (Indonesia).	CITES  Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  No Data. IUCN 2003  Vulnerable.	conspicillatus species group. See Flannery (1995b).	Seram Flying Fox
13800344	Pteropus ornatus	Gray 1870	SPECIES			ornatus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Cat. Monkeys, Lemurs, Fruit-eating Bats Brit. Mus. p.105		auratus  K. Andersen, 1909.	New Caledonia and Loyalty Isls.	CITES  Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Indeterminate. IUCN 2003  Vulnerable.	subniger species group. Includes auratus; see Felten (1964b). Also see Sanborn and Nicholson (1950) and Flannery (1995b).	Ornate Flying Fox
13800345	Pteropus ornatus subsp. ornatus	Gray 1870	SUBSPECIES		ornatus	ornatus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Cat. Monkeys, Lemurs, Fruit-eating Bats Brit. Mus. p.105		&nbsp; 			subniger species group.	
13800346	Pteropus ornatus subsp. auratus	K. Andersen 1909	SUBSPECIES		auratus	ornatus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						subniger species group.	
13800347	Pteropus pelewensis	K. Andersen 1908	SPECIES			pelewensis		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.2 p.364			Pelew Isls (Micronesia).	CITES  Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Endangered: Limited Distribution as P. mariannus pelewensis. IUCN 2003  Not listed.	mariannus species group. Often treated as a subspecies of mariannus, but apparently distinct (Corbet and Hill, 1980; Flannery, 1995b). See comments under mariannus.	Pelew Flying Fox
13800349	Pteropus pilosus	K. Andersen 1908	SPECIES			pilosus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.2 p.369			Pelew Isls (Micronesia).	CITES  Appendix I. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992) and IUCN 2003  Extinct.	pselaphon species group. Known from only two specimens and presumed to be extinct; see Flannery (1995b).	Large Pelew Flying Fox
13800350	Pteropus pohlei	Stein 1933	SPECIES			pohlei		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Z. SSugetierk. vol.8 p.93			Yapen, Biak-Supiori, Numfoor, and Rani Isls (off NW New Guinea).	CITES  Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  No Data: Limited Distribution. IUCN 2003  Vulnerable.	poliocephalus species group. See Flannery (1995b). Includes at least one undescribed species (K. Helgen, pers. comm.).	Geelvink Bay Flying Fox
13800351	Pteropus poliocephalus	Temminck 1825	SPECIES			poliocephalus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Monogr. Mamm. vol.1 p.179			E Australia, from S Queensland to Victoria.	CITES  Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	poliocephalus species group. See Webb and Tideman (1995) for discussion of cases of hybridization with alecto.	Gray-headed Flying Fox
13800352	Pteropus pselaphon	Lay 1829	SPECIES			pselaphon		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Zool. J. vol.4 p.457		ursinus  Temminck (ex Kittlitz), 1837.	Bonin and Volcano Isls (Japan).	CITES  Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Vulnerable: Limited Distribution. IUCN 2003  Critically Endangered.	pselaphon species group. Reviewed by Yoshiyuki (1989).	Bonin Flying Fox
13800353	Pteropus pumilus	Miller 1911	SPECIES			pumilus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. vol.38 p.394		balutus  Hollister, 1913; tablasi Taylor, 1934.	Philippines (except Palawan region), Talaud Isls (Indonesia).	CITES  Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Vulnerable. IUCN 2003  Vulnerable.	subniger species group. Includes balutus and tablasi; see Klingener and Creighton (1984).	Little Golden-mantled Flying Fox
13800354	Pteropus rayneri	Gray 1870	SPECIES			rayneri		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Cat. Monkeys, Lemurs, Fruit-eating Bats Brit. Mus. p.108		grandis  Thomas, 1887; lavellanus K. Andersen, 1908; monoensis Lawrence, 1945; rubianus K. Andersen, 1908.	Bougainville and Buka Isls (Papua New Guinea); Solomon Isls.	CITES  Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	chrysoproctus species group. Does not include cognatus and rennelli; see Flannery (1995b). Also see Bonaccorso (1998).	Solomons Flying Fox
13800360	Pteropus rennelli	Troughton 1929	SPECIES			rennelli		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Rec. Aust. Mus. vol.17 p.193			Rennell Isl (Solomon Isls).	CITES  Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  No Data: Limited Distribution. IUCN 2003  Not listed.	Known from only 5 specimens. Formerly included in rayneri, but apparently distinct; see Flannery (1995b). May be conspecific with cognatus (K. Helgen, pers. comm.).	Rennell Flying Fox
13800361	Pteropus rodricensis	Dobson 1878	SPECIES			rodricensis		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Cat. Chiroptera Brit. Mus. p.36		mascarinus  Mason, 1907.	Rodrigues Isl, Round Isl near Mauritius Isl (Mascarene Isls).	CITES  Appendix II. U.S. ESA  Endangered. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Endangered: Limited Distribution. IUCN 2003  Critically Endangered; extinct on Round Isl.	molossinus species group. See Bergmans (1990).	Rodrigues Flying Fox
13800362	Pteropus rufus	E. Geoffroy 1803	SPECIES			rufus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Cat. Mamm. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. Paris p.47		edwardsi  E. Geoffroy, 1810; phaiops Temmnick, 1825; princeps K. Andersen, 1908.	Madagascar.	CITES  Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	niger species group. Reviewed by Peterson et al. (1995); also see Bergmans (1990). Some authors have recognized princeps as a subspecies, but this has not been supported in recent analyses; see Bergmans (1990) and Peterson et al. (1995). Because Wilson and Reeder (1993) did not treat names established in E. Geoffroy (1803) as available, Koopman (1993) attributed authorship of rufus to Tiedemann ("1808, Zool., v.1, Allgemeine Zool., Mensch Saugthiere, Landshut, p.535."), but rufus Tiedemann is a junior synonym of niger Kerr; see Grubb (2001a) and Opinion 2005 of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (2002b).	Malagasy Flying Fox
13800363	Pteropus samoensis	Peale 1848	SPECIES			samoensis		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Mammalia in Repts. U.S. Expl. Surv. vol.8 p.20		vitiensis  Gray, 1870; whitmeei Alston, 1874; nawaiensis Gray, 1870; fuscicollis Nicoll, 1904 [nomen nudum]; ruficollis Nicoll, 1908 [nomen nudum].	Fiji Isls, Samoan Isls.	CITES  Appendix I. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992) and IUCN 2003  Vulnerable.	samoensis species group. Includes nawaiensis; see Hill and Beckon (1978) and Banack (2001).	Samoan Flying Fox
13800364	Pteropus samoensis subsp. samoensis	Peale 1848	SUBSPECIES		samoensis	samoensis		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Mammalia in Repts. U.S. Expl. Surv. vol.8 p.20					samoensis species group.	
13800365	Pteropus samoensis subsp. nawaiensis	Gray 1870	SUBSPECIES		nawaiensis	samoensis		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						samoensis species group.	
13800366	Pteropus scapulatus	Peters 1862	SPECIES			scapulatus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1862 p.574		elseyi  Peters, 1862.	Australia, S New Guinea, accidental on New Zealand.	CITES  Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	scapulatus species group. See Flannery (1995a) and Bonaccorso (1998).	Little Red Flying Fox
13800377	Pteropus tonganus subsp. tonganus	Quoy and Gaimard 1830	SUBSPECIES		tonganus	tonganus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	In d'Urville, Voy...de Astrolabe, Zool. vol.1(L'Homme, Mamm., Oiseaux) p.74					mariannus species group.	
13800367	Pteropus seychellensis	Milne-Edwards 1877	SPECIES			seychellensis		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris, ser. 7 vol.2 p.221		comorensis  Nicoll, 1908; comorensis Wallace, 1880 [nomen nudum]; comorensis Keller, 1898 [nomen nudum].	Seychelle Isls, Comoros Isls, Mafia Isl (off Tanzania).	CITES  Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	niger species group. Includes comorensis; see Hill (1971b) and Bergmans (1990). Does not include aldabrensis; see Bergmans (1990).	Seychelles Flying Fox
13800368	Pteropus seychellensis subsp. seychellensis	Milne-Edwards 1877	SUBSPECIES		seychellensis	seychellensis		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris, ser. 7 vol.2 p.221		&nbsp; 			niger species group.	
13800369	Pteropus seychellensis subsp. comorensis	Nicoll 1908	SUBSPECIES		comorensis	seychellensis		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						niger species group.	
13800401	Rousettus aegyptiacus subsp. princes	Juste and Iba±ez 1993	SUBSPECIES		princes	aegyptiacus	Rousettus	Rousettus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13800402	Rousettus aegyptiacus subsp. tomensis	Juste and Iba±ez 1993	SUBSPECIES		tomensis	aegyptiacus	Rousettus	Rousettus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13800370	Pteropus speciosus	K. Andersen 1908	SPECIES			speciosus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.2 p.364		mearnsi  Hollister, 1913.	Philippines; Solombo Besar and Mata Siri (Java Sea); Talaud Isls.	CITES  Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Rare as P. speciosus, No Data: Limited Distribution as P. mearnsi. IUCN 2003  Vulnerable as P. speciosus, Data Deficient as P. mearnsi.	subniger species group. Included in griseus by Corbet and Hill (1992), but I follow Flannery (1995b) and Heaney et al. (1998) in treating it as distinct pending further study. Some Philippine records were erroneously based on subadult hypomelanus; see Heaney et al. (1998). Includes mearnsi; see Heaney et al. (1987) and Flannery (1995b), but also see Corbet and Hill (1992), who suggested that mearnsi may be a synonym of hypomelanus.	Philippine Gray Flying Fox
13800371	Pteropus subniger	Kerr 1792	SPECIES			subniger		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	InLinnaeus, Anim. Kingdom vol.1 p.91		collaris  Illiger, 1815; fuscus Desmarest, 1803 [not E. Geoffroy]; ruber E. Geoffroy, 1803; rubidum Daudin, 1802; rubricollis E. Geoffroy, 1810; torquatus G. Fischer, 1814; vulgaris Temminck, 1837.	Réunion and Mauritius Isls (Mascarene Isls).	CITES  Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992) and IUCN 2003  Extinct.	subniger species group. Reviewed by Bergmans (1990). Probably extinct, see Cheke and Dahl (1981).	Dark Flying Fox
13800389	Pteropus vetulus	Jouan 1863	SPECIES			vetulus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Mem. Soc. Imp. Sci. Nat. Cherbourg vol.9 p.90		germaini  Dobson, 1878; macmillani Tate, 1942.	New Caledonia (France).	CITES  Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Rare: Limited Distribution. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (nt).	pselaphon species group. Includes macmillani; see Felten (1964b). Also see Flannery (1995b).	New Caledonian Flying Fox
13700096	Crocidura jacksoni	Thomas 1904	SPECIES			jacksoni		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.14 p.238		amalae  Dollman, 1915.	E Dem. Rep. Congo, Uganda, Kenya, N Tanzania.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes amalae; see Heim de Balsac and Meester (1977:17).	Jackson's Shrew
13800372	Pteropus temminckii	Peters 1867	SPECIES			temminckii		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1867 p.331		griseus  Temminck, 1837 [not Geoffroy, 1810]; petersi Matschie, 1899; liops Thomas, 1910.	Buru, Ambon, Seram (Indonesia); nearby small islands; perhaps Timor Isl (Indonesia).	CITES  Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  No Data. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (nt).	personatus species group. Does not include capistratus; see Flannery (1995b) and Bonaccorso (1998). This name is variously spelled "temmincki" and "temminckii"; I follow Bergmans (2001) in preferring the latter because it is the original spelling.	Temminck's Flying Fox
13800373	Pteropus temminckii subsp. temminckii	Peters 1867	SUBSPECIES		temminckii	temminckii		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1867 p.331					personatus species group.	
13800374	Pteropus temminckii subsp. liops	Thomas 1910	SUBSPECIES		liops	temminckii		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						personatus species group.	
13800375	Pteropus tokudae	Tate 1934	SPECIES			tokudae		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.713 p.1			Guam (Mariana Isls, USA).	CITES  Appendix II. U.S. ESA  Endangered. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Extinct? IUCN 2003  Extinct.	pselaphon species group. See Flannery (1995b).	Guam Flying Fox
13800376	Pteropus tonganus	Quoy and Gaimard 1830	SPECIES			tonganus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	In d'Urville, Voy...de Astrolabe, Zool. vol.1(L'Homme, Mamm., Oiseaux) p.74		flavicollis  Gray, 1870; basiliscus Thomas, 1915; geddiei MacGillivray, 1860; heffernani Troughton, 1930.	Karkar Isl (off NE New Guinea) and Rennell Isl (Solomon Isls), south to New Caledonia, east to Cook Isls.	CITES  Appendix I. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	mariannus species group. Includes geddiei; see Sanborn (1931) and Felten and Kock (1972). Karkar Isl population (basiliscus) may actually be a subspecies of conspicillatus (K. Helgen, pers. comm.). It is possible that this species has been transported to some islands by humans; see Flannery (1995b). Also see Miller and Wilson (1997), Bonaccorso (1998), and Bergmans (2001).	Pacific Flying Fox
13800379	Pteropus tonganus subsp. geddiei	MacGillivray 1860	SUBSPECIES		geddiei	tonganus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						mariannus species group. See Sanborn (1931) and Felten and Kock (1972).	
13800380	Pteropus tuberculatus	Peters 1869	SPECIES			tuberculatus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1869 p.393			Vanikoro Isl (Santa Cruz Isls, Solomon Isls).	CITES  Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  No Data: Limited Distribution. IUCN 2003  Vulnerable.	pselaphon species group. Reviewed by Troughton (1927); also see Flannery (1995b).	Vanikoro Flying Fox
13800381	Pteropus ualanus	Peters 1883	SPECIES			ualanus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Ges. Nat. Fr. vol.1 p.1		ualensis  Finsch, 1881 [nomen nudum].	Kosrae (Micronesia).	CITES  Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Endangered: Limited Distribution as P. mariannus ualanus. IUCN 2003  Not listed.	mariannus species group. Often treated as a subspecies of mariannus, but clearly distinct (Corbet and Hill, 1980; K. Helgen, pers. comm.; Flannery, 1995b). See comments under mariannus.	Kosrae Flying Fox
13800403	Rousettus aegyptiacus subsp. unicolor	Gray 1870	SUBSPECIES		unicolor	aegyptiacus	Rousettus	Rousettus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13800382	Pteropus vampyrus	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			vampyrus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.31		celaeno  Hermann, 1804; caninus Blumenbach, 1797; javanicus Desmarest, 1820; kalou E. Geoffroy, 1810; kelaarti Gray, 1870 [skull, not skin]; nudus Hermann, 1804; phaiops Gray, 1870 [not Temminck, 1825]; pteronotus Dobson, 1878; edulis E. Geoffroy, 1810; funereus Temminck, 1837; lanensis Mearns, 1905; natunae K. Andersen, 1908; pluton Temminck, 1853; kopangi Kuroda, 1933; sumatrensis Ludeking, 1862; malaccensis K. Andersen, 1908.	Vietnam, Burma, Malay Peninsula, Borneo, Philippines, Sumatra, Java, and Lesser Sunda Isls, adjacent small islands including Anak Krakatau. Reports of this species from Cambodia cannot be verified (Kock, 2000).	CITES  Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	vampyrus species group. Does not include intermedius; see Corbet and Hill (1992). Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997). See Kunz and Jones (2000). Subspecies are poorly defined.	Large Flying Fox
13800383	Pteropus vampyrus subsp. vampyrus	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		vampyrus	vampyrus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.31					vampyrus species group.	
13800384	Pteropus vampyrus subsp. edulis	E. Geoffroy 1810	SUBSPECIES		edulis	vampyrus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						vampyrus species group.	
13800385	Pteropus vampyrus subsp. lanensis	Mearns 1905	SUBSPECIES		lanensis	vampyrus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						vampyrus species group.	
13800386	Pteropus vampyrus subsp. natunae	K. Andersen 1908	SUBSPECIES		natunae	vampyrus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						vampyrus species group.	
13800387	Pteropus vampyrus subsp. pluton	Temminck 1853	SUBSPECIES		pluton	vampyrus		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera						vampyrus species group.	
13800390	Pteropus voeltzkowi	Matschie 1909	SPECIES			voeltzkowi		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin p.486			Pemba Isl (off coast of Tanzania).	CITES  Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Endangered: Limited Distribution. IUCN 2003  Critically Endangered.	niger species group. Reviewed by Bergmans (1990).	Pemba Flying Fox
13800391	Pteropus woodfordi	Thomas 1888	SPECIES			woodfordi		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.1 p.156		austini  Lawrence, 1945.	New Georgia group, Russell and Florida Isls, Guadalcanal, Malaita (Solomon Isls).	CITES  Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  No Data. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	scapulatus species group. See Flannery (1995b).	Dwarf Flying Fox
13800392	Pteropus yapensis	K. Andersen 1908	SPECIES			yapensis		Pteropus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.2 p.365			Yap Isls.	CITES  Appendix II. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Endangered: Limited Distribution as P. mariannus yapensis. IUCN 2003  Not listed.	mariannus species group. Often treated as a subspecies of mariannus, but apparently distinct (Corbet and Hill, 1980; Flannery, 1995b). See comments under mariannus.	Yap Flying Fox
13800393	Rousettus	Gray 1821	GENUS					Rousettus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	London Med. Repos. vol.15 p.299	Pteropus aegyptiacus E. Geoffroy, 1810.	Boneia  Jentink, 1879; Cercopterus Burnett, 1829; Cynonycteris Peters, 1852; Eleutherura Gray, 1844; Senonycteris Gray, 1870; Stenonycteris Gray, 1871; Xantharpyia Gray, 1834.			Does not include Lissonycteris (Bergmans, 1994, 1997; Juste et al., 1997; Peterson et al., 1995). Revised by Bergmans (1994); also see Peterson et al. (1995). A key to the genus was provided by Kwiecinski and Griffiths (1999), however, this genus includes at least one undescribed species. Three subgenera are often recognized (Rousettus, Boneia, and Stenonycteris), although see Bergmans (1994), who rejected use of subgenera for the African species.	
13800394	Rousettus	Gray 1821	SUBGENUS				Rousettus	Rousettus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	London Med. Repos. vol.15 p.299	Pteropus aegyptiacus E. Geoffroy, 1810.					
13800396	Stenonycteris	Gray 1871	SUBGENUS				Stenonycteris	Rousettus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13800417	Rousettus linduensis	Maryanto and Yani 2003	SPECIES			linduensis	Rousettus	Rousettus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Mammal Study vol.28 p.113			C Sulawesi.	IUCN 2003  not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Subgenus Rousettus.	Linduan Rousette
13800570	Rhinolophus landeri subsp. landeri	Martin 1837 "1838"	SUBSPECIES		landeri	landeri		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1837 p.101		&nbsp; 			landeri species group.	
13800397	Rousettus aegyptiacus	E. Geoffroy 1810	SPECIES			aegyptiacus	Rousettus	Rousettus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.15 p.96		aegyptiacus  E. Geoffroy, 1818 [emendation of egyptiacus]; geoffroyi Temminck, 1825; arabicus Anderson and de Winton, 1902; leachii Smith, 1892; hottentotus Temminck, 1832; sjostedti Lönnberg, 1908; princeps Juste and Iba±ez, 1993; tomensis Juste and Iba±ez, 1993; thomensis Feiler, Haft, and Widmann, 1993; unicolor Gray, 1870; occidentalis Eisentraut, 1960.	Senegal and Egypt south to South Africa; Cyprus, Turkey, Jordan, Lebanon, Israel, S Syria, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, S Iraq, S. Iran, Pakistan, NW India; islands in the Gulf of Guinea (São Tomé and Príncipe); adjacent small islands.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Rousettus. Includes leachii and arabicus; see Hayman and Hill (1971), Corbet (1978c), Harrison and Bates (1991), and Bergmans (1994). Revised by Bergmans (1994); reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997) and Horácek et al. (2000). Also see Kwiecinski and Griffiths (1999). Spelling changed from aegyptiacus to egyptiacus by Corbet and Hill (1992), but returned to aegyptiacus by Kock (2001a).	Egyptian Rousette
13800398	Rousettus aegyptiacus subsp. aegyptiacus	E. Geoffroy 1810	SUBSPECIES		aegyptiacus	aegyptiacus	Rousettus	Rousettus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.15 p.96						
13800399	Rousettus aegyptiacus subsp. arabicus	Anderson and de Winton 1902	SUBSPECIES		arabicus	aegyptiacus	Rousettus	Rousettus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13800400	Rousettus aegyptiacus subsp. leachii	Smith 1892	SUBSPECIES		leachii	aegyptiacus	Rousettus	Rousettus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13800404	Rousettus amplexicaudatus	E. Geoffroy 1810	SPECIES			amplexicaudatus	Rousettus	Rousettus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.15 p.96		philippinensis  Gray, 1871; stresemanni Stein, 1933; brachyotis Dobson, 1877; hedigeri Pohle, 1952; infumatus Gray, 1871; bocagei Seabra, 1898; minor Dobson, 1873.	Cambodia, Thailand, Burma, and Laos; Peninsular Malaysia through Indonesia, Java, and Bali; Philippines; New Guinea; Bismarck Archipelago, Solomon Isls.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Rousettus. Revised by Rookmaaker and Bergmans (1981); also see Hill (1983), Bergmans and Rozendaal (1988), and Flannery (1995a, b). Peterson et al. (1995) suggested that brachyotis and minor may represent distinct species. Subspecies allocation of Sulawesi and Kasi Isl (Indonesia) populations is uncertain; see Koopman (1994) and Kompanje and Moeliker (2001).	Geoffroy's Rousette
13800405	Rousettus amplexicaudatus subsp. amplexicaudatus	E. Geoffroy 1810	SUBSPECIES		amplexicaudatus	amplexicaudatus	Rousettus	Rousettus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.15 p.96						
13800406	Rousettus amplexicaudatus subsp. brachyotis	Dobson 1877	SUBSPECIES		brachyotis	amplexicaudatus	Rousettus	Rousettus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13800410	Rousettus bidens	Jentink 1879	SPECIES			bidens	Boneia	Rousettus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Notes Leyden Mus. vol.1 p.117		menadensis  Thomas, 1896.	N Sulawesi (Indonesia).	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  No Data: Limited Distribution. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Boneia. Placed in its own genus (Boneia) by some authors (e.g., Andersen, 1912; Koopman, 1993) but see Bergmans and Rozendaal (1988) and Bergmans (1994). Corbet and Hill (1992) referred this species to the subgenus Boneia, the arrangement followed here.	Manado Rousette
13800411	Rousettus celebensis	K. Andersen 1907	SPECIES			celebensis	Rousettus	Rousettus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.19 p.503, 509			Sulawesi; Mangole, Sanana, Sangihe Isls (Indonesia).	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Rousettus. Reviewed by Rookmaaker and Bergmans (1981), Hill (1983), Bergmans and Rozendaal (1988), and Maryanto and Yani (2003). Also see Flannery (1995b).	Sulawesi Rousette
13800412	Rousettus lanosus	Thomas 1906	SPECIES			lanosus	Stenonycteris	Rousettus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.18 p.137		kempi  Thomas, 1909.	E Dem. Rep. Congo, Uganda, Rwanda, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, S Ethiopia, S Sudan.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Stenonycteris. Revised by Bergmans (1994), who argued against recognition of subspecies.	Long-haired Rousette
13800413	Rousettus leschenaultii	Desmarest 1820	SPECIES			leschenaultii	Rousettus	Rousettus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Mammalogie, in Encyclop. Méthod. vol.1 p.110		affinis  Gray, 1843; fuliginosa Gray, 1871; fusca Gray, 1871; infuscata Peters, 1873; marginatus Gray, 1843 [not Geoffroy, 1810]; pirivarus Hodgson, 1841; pyrivorus Hodgson, 1835; seminudus Kelaart, 1850; shortridgei Thomas and Wroughton, 1909.	Sri Lanka; Pakistan to Vietnam and S China; Peninsular Malaysia; Sumatra, Java, Bali, and Mentawai Isls (Indonesia).	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Rousettus. Includes seminudus; see Sinha (1970). See Peterson et al. (1995) for a discussion of shortridgei. Kock et al. (2000b) treated shortridgei as a distinct species without comment. Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997) and Kock et al. (2000b). This name is sometimes spelled leschenaulti (e.g., Koopman, 1993, 1994), but I prefer the original spelling.	Leschenault's Rousette
13800414	Rousettus leschenaultii subsp. leschenaultii	Desmarest 1820	SUBSPECIES		leschenaultii	leschenaultii	Rousettus	Rousettus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Mammalogie, in Encyclop. Méthod. vol.1 p.110						
13800415	Rousettus leschenaultii subsp. seminudus	Kelaart 1850	SUBSPECIES		seminudus	leschenaultii	Rousettus	Rousettus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13800416	Rousettus leschenaultii subsp. shortridgei	Thomas and Wroughton 1909	SUBSPECIES		shortridgei	leschenaultii	Rousettus	Rousettus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13800418	Rousettus madagascariensis	G. Grandidier 1928	SPECIES			madagascariensis	Stenonycteris	Rousettus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Acad. Malgache, N.S. vol.11 p.91			Madagascar except SW region.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Stenonycteris. Considered a subspecies of lanosus by Hayman and Hill (1977), but see Bergmans (1977). Revised by Peterson et al. (1995). Does not include obliviosus; see Bergmans (1994), but also see Peterson et al. (1995).	Malagasy Rousette
13800419	Rousettus obliviosus	Kock 1978	SPECIES			obliviosus	Rousettus	Rousettus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Proc. 4th Int. Bat Res. Conf. Nairobi p.208			Comoro Isls.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Rousettus. Considered a subspecies of madagascarensis by Peterson et al. (1995), but see Bergmans (1994).	Comoro Rousette
13800420	Rousettus spinalatus	Bergmans and Hill 1980	SPECIES			spinalatus	Rousettus	Rousettus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Zool. vol.38 p.95			Sumatra, Borneo.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  No Data. IUCN 2003  Vulnerable.	Subgenus Rousettus.	Bare-backed Rousette
13800461	Rhinolophus affinis subsp. superans	K. Andersen 1905	SUBSPECIES		superans	affinis		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						megaphyllus species group.	
13800421	Scotonycteris	Matschie 1894	GENUS					Scotonycteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin p.200	Scotonycteris zenkeri Matschie, 1894.				Reviewed by Bergmans (1990).	
13800422	Scotonycteris ophiodon	Pohle 1943	SPECIES			ophiodon		Scotonycteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin p.76		cansdalei  Hayman, 1946.	Liberia, Ghana, Cameroon, Republic of Congo.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (nt).		Pohle's Fruit Bat
13800423	Scotonycteris zenkeri	Matschie 1894	SPECIES			zenkeri		Scotonycteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin p.202		bedfordi  Thomas, 1904; occidentalis Hayman, 1947.	Liberia to Republic of Congo and E Dem. Rep. Congo.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	Current subspecific nomenclature does not adequately describe the known range of variation in this species; see Bergmans (1990).	Zenker's Fruit Bat
13800424	Scotonycteris zenkeri subsp. zenkeri	Matschie 1894	SUBSPECIES		zenkeri	zenkeri		Scotonycteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin p.202		&nbsp; 				
13800425	Scotonycteris zenkeri subsp. bedfordi	Thomas 1904	SUBSPECIES		bedfordi	zenkeri		Scotonycteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13800426	Scotonycteris zenkeri subsp. occidentalis	Hayman 1947	SUBSPECIES		occidentalis	zenkeri		Scotonycteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13800428	Sphaerias blanfordi	Thomas 1891	SPECIES			blanfordi		Sphaerias	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, ser. 2 vol.10 p.884, 921, 922		motuoensis  Cai and Zhang, 1980.	N India, Bhutan, Burma, N Thailand, Vietnam, SW China.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  No Data. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997).	Blanford's Fruit Bat
13800429	Styloctenium	Matschie 1899	GENUS					Styloctenium	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Megachiroptera Berlin Mus. p.33	Pteropus wallacei Gray, 1866.					
13800430	Styloctenium wallacei	Gray 1866	SPECIES			wallacei		Styloctenium	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1866 p.65			Sulawesi, Tongian Isls.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  No Data. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (nt).	See Bergmans and Rozendaal (1988).	Stripe-faced Fruit Bat
13800431	Syconycteris	Matschie 1899	GENUS					Syconycteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Megachiroptera Berlin Mus. p.94, 95, 98	Macroglossus minimus var. australis Peters, 1867.				Reviewed by Ziegler (1982a).	
13800432	Syconycteris australis	Peters 1867	SPECIES			australis		Syconycteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1867 p.13, footnote		crassa  Thomas, 1895; finschi Matschie, 1899; keyensis K. Andersen, 1911; major K. Andersen, 1911; naias K. Andersen, 1911; papuana Matschie, 1899.	E Queensland and New South Wales (Australia); New Guinea, Aru Isl, Trobriand Isls, D'Entrecasteaux Isls, Kai Isls, Ambon, Seram, Haruku, and Boano Isls. (Indonesia), Bismarck Arch., including Manus (Papua New Guinea).	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Not Threatened. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes naias and crassa; see Lidicker and Ziegler (1968) and Koopman (1982). Reviewed by Hill (1983); also see Kitchener et al. (1994d), Flannery (1995a, b), Bonaccorso (1998), and Kompanje and Moeliker (2001). Subspecies limits are somewhat unclear, particularly the status of the Kai Isl form (keyensis); see Kitchener et al. (1994d). It is possible that major from Ambon and Seram Isls represents a distinct species; see Kitchener et al. (1994d). Material from Haruku and Boano Isls differs from typical major and may require recognition as a distinct subspecies; see Kompanje and Moeliker (2001). There is also an undescribed subspecies from Biak-Supiori (K. Helgen, pers. comm.). High-altitude specimens of australis from mainland New Guinea are also in need of systematic revision (Kompanje and Moeliker, 2001).	Southern Blossom Bat
13800433	Syconycteris australis subsp. australis	Peters 1867	SUBSPECIES		australis	australis		Syconycteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1867 p.13, footnote		&nbsp; 				
13800434	Syconycteris australis subsp. crassa	Thomas 1895	SUBSPECIES		crassa	australis		Syconycteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13800435	Syconycteris australis subsp. finschi	Matschie 1899	SUBSPECIES		finschi	australis		Syconycteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13800436	Syconycteris australis subsp. keyensis	K. Andersen 1911	SUBSPECIES		keyensis	australis		Syconycteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13800440	Syconycteris carolinae	Rozendaal 1984	SPECIES			carolinae		Syconycteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Zoologische Mededelingen vol.58 13 p.200			Bacan and Halmahera Isls (Moluccas).	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  No Data: Limited Distribution. IUCN 2003  Vulnerable.	See Flannery (1995b).	Halmaheran Blossom Bat
13800441	Syconycteris hobbit	Ziegler 1982	SPECIES			hobbit		Syconycteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Occas. Pap. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. vol.25 5 p.5			Mountains of C New Guinea.	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  Rare. IUCN 2003  Vulnerable.	See Flannery (1995a) and Bonaccorso (1998).	Moss-forest Blossom Bat
13800462	Rhinolophus affinis subsp. tener	K. Andersen 1905	SUBSPECIES		tener	affinis		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						megaphyllus species group.	
13800442	Thoopterus	Matschie 1899	GENUS					Thoopterus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Megachiroptera Berlin Mus. p.72, 73, 77	Cynopterus marginatus var. nigrescens Gray, 1870.				This genus is present monotypic, but contains at least one undescribed species.	
13800443	Thoopterus nigrescens	Gray 1870	SPECIES			nigrescens		Thoopterus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera	Cat. Monkeys, Lemurs, Fruit-eating Bats Brit. Mus. p.123		latidens  Dobson, 1878.	Sulawesi, Sula Isls, Sangihe Isls, Karakelang (Talaud Isls), and Morotai (Indonesia).	IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992)  No Data. IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (nt).	See Flannery (1995b).	Swift Fruit Bat
13800444	Rhinolophidae	Gray 1825	FAMILY						Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Zool. Journ. vol.2 6 p.242		Histiorhina Van der Hoeven, 1855.			Monogeneric. Does not include Hipposideridae; see discussion under that taxon.	
13800445	Rhinolophus	Lacépède 1799	GENUS					Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Tabl. Div. Subd. Orders Genres Mammifères p.15	Vespertilio ferrum-equinum Schreber, 1774. Conserved in ICZN Opinion 91 (1926) and Direction 24 (1955).	Aquias  Gray, 1847; Coelophyllus Peters, 1867; Euryalus Matschie, 1901; Phyllorhina Leach, 1816; Phyllotis Gray, 1866 [not Waterhouse, 1837]; Rhinocrepis Gervais, 1836; Rhinomegalophus Bourret, 1951; Rhinophyllotis Troughton, 1941.			For a comprehensive review of the genus (including detailed accounts for each species) see Csorba et al. (2003). Includes Rhinomegalophus; see Thonglongyai (1973). For partial phylogenies see Qumsiyeh et al. (1988b), Bogdanowicz and Owen (1992), and Maree and Grant (1997); also see Guillén-Servent (2001). Species groups follow Csorba et al. (2003)	
13800469	Rhinolophus arcuatus subsp. mcintyrei	Hill and Schlitter 1982	SUBSPECIES		mcintyrei	arcuatus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						euryotis species group.	
13800446	Rhinolophus acuminatus	Peters 1871	SPECIES			acuminatus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1871 p.308		audax  K. Andersen, 1905; calypso K. Andersen, 1905; circe K. Andersen, 1906; sumatranus K. Andersen, 1905.	Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah; Borneo; Sumatra (including Nias and Engano Isls); Java, Krakatau, Lombok, and Bali (Indonesia); Palawan, Balabac, Busuanga (Philippines).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	pusillus species group. Subspecific allocations of mainland and Philippine populations are uncertain.	Accuminate Horseshoe Bat
13800447	Rhinolophus acuminatus subsp. acuminatus	Peters 1871	SUBSPECIES		acuminatus	acuminatus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1871 p.308		&nbsp; 			pusillus species group.	
13800448	Rhinolophus acuminatus subsp. audax	K. Andersen 1905	SUBSPECIES		audax	acuminatus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						pusillus species group.	
13800449	Rhinolophus acuminatus subsp. calypso	K. Andersen 1905	SUBSPECIES		calypso	acuminatus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						pusillus species group.	
13800450	Rhinolophus acuminatus subsp. circe	K. Andersen 1906	SUBSPECIES		circe	acuminatus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						pusillus species group.	
13800451	Rhinolophus acuminatus subsp. sumatranus	K. Andersen 1905	SUBSPECIES		sumatranus	acuminatus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						pusillus species group.	
13800452	Rhinolophus adami	Aellen and Brosset 1968	SPECIES			adami		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Rev. Suisse Zool. vol.75 p.443			Republic of Congo.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Data Deficient.	adami species group. Reviewed by Kock et al. (2000a).	Adam's Horseshoe Bat
13800453	Rhinolophus affinis	Horsfield 1823	SPECIES			affinis		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Zool. Res. Java vol.6 p.pl. figs. a, b		andamanensis  Dobson, 1872; hainanus Allen, 1906; himalayanus K. Andersen, 1905; macrurus K. Andersen, 1905; nesites K. Andersen, 1905; princeps K. Andersen, 1905; superans K. Andersen, 1905; tener K. Andersen, 1905.	India and Nepal to S China and Vietnam, through Malaysia to Borneo and Lesser Sunda Isls; Andaman Isls (India); perhaps Sri Lanka. Reports of this species from Cambodia cannot be confirmed (Kock, 2000a).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	megaphyllus species group. Includes andamanensis; see Sinha (1973). Reviewed in part by Bergmans and van Bree (1986) and Bates and Harrison (1997). Csorba (2002) designated a lectotype for this species; also see Csorba et al. (2003).	Intermediate Horseshoe Bat
13800454	Rhinolophus affinis subsp. affinis	Horsfield 1823	SUBSPECIES		affinis	affinis		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Zool. Res. Java vol.6 p.pl. figs. a, b		&nbsp; 			megaphyllus species group.	
13800455	Rhinolophus affinis subsp. andamanensis	Dobson 1872	SUBSPECIES		andamanensis	affinis		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						megaphyllus species group.	
13800456	Rhinolophus affinis subsp. hainanus	Allen 1906	SUBSPECIES		hainanus	affinis		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						megaphyllus species group.	
13800463	Rhinolophus alcyone	Temminck 1853	SPECIES			alcyone		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Esquisses Zool. sur la Côte de Guine p.80			Senegal to Uganda, SW Sudan, N Dem. Rep. Congo, and Gabon; Bioko (Equatorial Guinea).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	landeri species group.	Halcyon Horseshoe Bat
13700463	Sorex arizonae	Diersing and Hoffmeister 1977	SPECIES			arizonae	unnamed subgenus, see comments	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	J. Mammal. vol.58 p.329			Disjunct mountains in SE Arizona and SW New Mexico (USA; see Conway and Schmitt, 1978 and Hoffmeister, 1986); one specimen from Sierra Madre Occidental of Chihuahua (Mexico; see Caire et al., 1978).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Refered to unnamed subgenus by George (1988). Close to emarginatus (see Diersing and Hoffmeister, 1977). Species reviewed by Simons and Hoffmeister (2003, Mammalian Species No. 732).	Arizona Shrew
13800464	Rhinolophus arcuatus	Peters 1871	SPECIES			arcuatus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1871 p.305		aequalis  Allen, 1922; anderseni Cabrera, 1909; angustifolius Sanborn, 1939; beccarii K. Andersen, 1907; exiguus K. Andersen, 1905; mcintyrei Hill and Schlitter, 1982; proconsulis Hill, 1959; toxopeusi Hinton, 1925.	Sumatra to Philippines, New Guinea, and South Molucca Isls.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc) as Rhinolophus arcuatus; Data Deficient as R. anderseni.	euryotis species group. Includes toxopeusi; see Hill and Schlitter (1982). Includes anderseni; see Csorba et al. (2003). Also see Ingle and Heaney (1992), Flannery (1995a, b), and Bonaccorso (1998). The relationships of aequalis (originally described as a subspecies of anderseni) are uncertain; see Heaney et al. (1998) and Csorba et al. (2003). Koopman (1993) incorrectly spelled proconsulis as "proconsularis."	Arcuate Horseshoe Bat
13800465	Rhinolophus arcuatus subsp. arcuatus	Peters 1871	SUBSPECIES		arcuatus	arcuatus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1871 p.305					euryotis species group.	
13800470	Rhinolophus arcuatus subsp. proconsulis	Hill 1959	SUBSPECIES		proconsulis	arcuatus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						euryotis species group.	
13800471	Rhinolophus arcuatus subsp. toxopeusi	Hinton 1925	SUBSPECIES		toxopeusi	arcuatus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						euryotis species group.	
13800472	Rhinolophus beddomei	K. Andersen 1905	SPECIES			beddomei		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.16 p.253		sobrinus  K. Andersen, 1918.	S India, Sri Lanka.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	trifoliatus species group. Distinct from luctus; see Topál and Csorba (1992), Bates and Harrison (1997), and Hendrichsen et al. (2001a).	Bedomme's Horseshoe Bat
13800473	Rhinolophus beddomei subsp. beddomei	K. Andersen 1905	SUBSPECIES		beddomei	beddomei		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.16 p.253		&nbsp; 			trifoliatus species group.	
13800474	Rhinolophus beddomei subsp. sobrinus	K. Andersen 1918	SUBSPECIES		sobrinus	beddomei		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						trifoliatus species group.	
13800475	Rhinolophus blasii	Peters 1866 "1867"	SPECIES			blasii		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1866 p.17		blasiusi  Trouessart, 1910; clivosus Blasius, 1857 [not Cretzschmar, 1828]; andreinii Senna, 1905; brockmani Thomas, 1910; empusa K. Andersen, 1904; meyeroehmi Felten, 1977 [in Felten, Spitzenberger, and Storch, 1977].	NE South Africa to S Dem. Rep. Congo; Ethiopia; Somalia; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Turkey; Yemen; Israel; Jordan; Syria; Iran; Serbia and Montenegro; Albania; Bulgaria; Romania; Transcaucasia and Turkmenistan; Afghanistan; Pakistan; Italy; Greece; Cyprus.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	landeri species group. Includes brockmani; see Koopman (1975). Reviewed in part by Paz (1995), Harrison and Bates (1991), Bates and Harrison (1997), Zagorodnyuk (1999), and Horácek et al. (2000).	Blasius's Horseshoe Bat
13800476	Rhinolophus blasii subsp. blasii	Peters 1866 "1867"	SUBSPECIES		blasii	blasii		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1866 p.17					landeri species group.	
13800478	Rhinolophus blasii subsp. empusa	K. Andersen 1904	SUBSPECIES		empusa	blasii		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera							
13800479	Rhinolophus blasii subsp. meyeroehmi	Felten 1977	SUBSPECIES		meyeroehmi	blasii		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	[in Felten, Spitzenberger, and Storch, 1977]						
13800480	Rhinolophus bocharicus	Kastchenko and Akimov 1917	SPECIES			bocharicus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Annu. Mus. Zool. Acad. St. Petersb. vol.22 p.221			Kyrgyzstan, W Tajikistan, NE Iran, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, possibly N Pakistan.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	ferrumequinum species group. Included in clivosus by Aellen (1959), but see Hanák (1969), Felten (1977), DeBlase (1980), Gromov and Baranova (1981), Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987), and Horácek et al. (2000). Apparently does not include rubiginosus, which is here placed in ferrumequinum following Csorba et al. (2003).	Central Asian Horseshoe Bat
13800501	Rhinolophus coelophyllus	Peters 1866 "1867"	SPECIES			coelophyllus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1866 p.426			W Malaysia, Thailand, Burma, Laos.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	euryotis species group. Does not include shameli; see Hill and Thonglongya (1972). Reviewed in part by Yoshiyuki (1990).	Croslet Horseshoe Bat
13801024	Mosia nigrescens subsp. solomonis	Thomas 1904	SUBSPECIES		solomonis	nigrescens		Mosia	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera							
13800481	Rhinolophus borneensis	Peters 1861	SPECIES			borneensis		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1861 p.709		chaseni  Sanborn, 1939; importunus Chasen, 1939; spadix Miller, 1901.	Borneo; Labuan and Banguey Isls (Malaysia); Java, Karimata Isls, and South Natuna Isls (Indonesia); Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	megaphyllus species group. Includes chaseni and importunus; see Hill (1983). Formerly included javanicus, celebensis, madurensis, and parvus (e.g., by Goodwin [1979] and Hill and Thonglongya [1972]) but see Hill (1983) and Kitchener et al. (1995a). Type material discussed by Csorba (2002). Subspecies limits are somewhat unclear, and the relationships of various forms to celebensis and malayanus remains problematic; see Csorba et al. (2003). This complex may include more than one species, see Csorba et al. (2003).	Bornean Horseshoe Bat
13800482	Rhinolophus borneensis subsp. borneensis	Peters 1861	SUBSPECIES		borneensis	borneensis		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1861 p.709		&nbsp; 			megaphyllus species group.	
13800483	Rhinolophus borneensis subsp. chaseni	Sanborn 1939	SUBSPECIES		chaseni	borneensis		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						megaphyllus species group.	
13800484	Rhinolophus borneensis subsp. importunus	Chasen 1939	SUBSPECIES		importunus	borneensis		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						megaphyllus species group.	
13800485	Rhinolophus borneensis subsp. spadix	Miller 1901	SUBSPECIES		spadix	borneensis		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						megaphyllus species group.	
13800486	Rhinolophus canuti	Thomas and Wroughton 1909	SPECIES			canuti		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1909 68 p.18		conuti  Schwartz, 1914; timoriensis Goodwin, 1979.	Java, Bali, Timor (Indonesia).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	euryotis species group. Formerly included in creaghi; see Hill and Schlitter (1982).	Canut's Horseshoe Bat
13800487	Rhinolophus canuti subsp. canuti	Thomas and Wroughton 1909	SUBSPECIES		canuti	canuti		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1909 68 p.18					euryotis species group.	
13800488	Rhinolophus canuti subsp. timoriensis	Goodwin 1979	SUBSPECIES		timoriensis	canuti		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						euryotis species group.	
13800489	Rhinolophus capensis	Lichtenstein 1823	SPECIES			capensis		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Verz. Doblet. Mus. Univ. Berlin p.4		auritus  Sundevall, 1860.	South Africa, Zimbabwe, Mozambique. Occurence outside South Africa is doubtful; records from Zambia and Malawi are definitely erroneous (Koopman, 1993).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	capensis species group. See Taylor (2000a) for distribution map.	Cape Horseshoe Bat
13800490	Rhinolophus celebensis	K. Andersen 1905	SPECIES			celebensis		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1905 2 p.83		javanicus  K. Andersen, 1918.	Java, Bali, Timor, Sulawesi, Sangihe, Kangean, and Talaud Isls (Indonesia).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	megaphyllus species group. Closely related to virgo; see Corbet and Hill (1992). Does not include parvus; see Bergmans and van Bree (1986) and Kitchener et al. (1995a), but also see Csorba et al. (2003). Does not include madurensis; see Bergmans and van Bree (1986), but also see Csorba et al. (2003).	Sulawesi Horseshoe Bat
13800491	Rhinolophus celebensis subsp. celebensis	K. Andersen 1905	SUBSPECIES		celebensis	celebensis		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1905 2 p.83		&nbsp; 			megaphyllus species group.	
13800492	Rhinolophus celebensis subsp. javanicus	K. Andersen 1918	SUBSPECIES		javanicus	celebensis		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						megaphyllus species group.	
13800493	Rhinolophus clivosus	Cretzschmar 1828	SPECIES			clivosus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	In Rüppell, Atlas Reise Nordl. Afr., Zool. Ssugeth. p.47		andersoni  Thomas, 1904; acrotis Heuglin, 1861; augur K. Andersen, 1904; brachygnathus K. Andersen, 1905; keniensis Hollister, 1916; schwarzi Heim de Balsac, 1934; zuluensis K. Andersen, 1904; zambesiensis K. Andersen, 1904.	Israel, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Yemen, Egypt, Libya, Algeria, Sudan, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, Somalia, Kenya, Uganda, Dem. Rep. Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania, Malawi, Angola, Zambia, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, South Africa, Swaziland, Namibia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	ferrumequinum species group. Does not include bocharicus; see Hanák (1969), DeBlase (1980), Gromov and Baranova (1981), and Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987). Does not include deckenii or silvestris; see Koopman (1975), Cotterill (2002), and Csorba et al. (2003). Does not include hillorum, see Cotterill (2002). Also see Harrison and Bates (1991). Reviewed in part by Horácek et al. (2000).	Geoffroy's Horseshoe Bat
13800494	Rhinolophus clivosus subsp. clivosus	Cretzschmar 1828	SUBSPECIES		clivosus	clivosus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	In Rüppell, Atlas Reise Nordl. Afr., Zool. Ssugeth. p.47					ferrumequinum species group.	
13800495	Rhinolophus clivosus subsp. acrotis	Heuglin 1861	SUBSPECIES		acrotis	clivosus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						ferrumequinum species group.	
13800496	Rhinolophus clivosus subsp. augur	K. Andersen 1904	SUBSPECIES		augur	clivosus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						ferrumequinum species group.	
13800497	Rhinolophus clivosus subsp. brachygnathus	K. Andersen 1905	SUBSPECIES		brachygnathus	clivosus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						ferrumequinum species group.	
13800502	Rhinolophus cognatus	K. Andersen 1906	SPECIES			cognatus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, ser. 3 vol.2 p.181		famulus  K. Andersen, 1918.	Andaman Isls (India).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	pusillus species group. Reviewed by Bates and Harrison (1997); see also Csorba (1997).	Andaman Horseshoe Bat
13800503	Rhinolophus cognatus subsp. cognatus	K. Andersen 1906	SUBSPECIES		cognatus	cognatus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, ser. 3 vol.2 p.181		&nbsp; 			pusillus species group.	
13800504	Rhinolophus cognatus subsp. famulus	K. Andersen 1918	SUBSPECIES		famulus	cognatus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						pusillus species group.	
13800505	Rhinolophus convexus	Csorba 1997	SPECIES			convexus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	J. Mammal. vol.78 p.343			Peninsular Malaysia, Laos.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Critically Endangered.	pusillus species group. Reviewed by Csorba et al. (2003).	Convex Horseshoe Bat
13800560	Rhinolophus hipposideros subsp. minimus	Heuglin 1861	SUBSPECIES		minimus	hipposideros		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						hipposideros species group.	
13800561	Rhinolophus hipposideros subsp. minutus	Montagu 1808	SUBSPECIES		minutus	hipposideros		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						hipposideros species group.	
13800506	Rhinolophus cornutus	Temminck 1834	SPECIES			cornutus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Tijdschrift Natuurl. Gesch. Physiol. vol.1 p.30		miyakonis  Kuroda, 1924; orii Kuroda, 1924; perditus K. Andersen, 1918; pumilus K. Andersen, 1905.	Japan.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	pusillus species group. Does not include blythi; see Hill and Yoshiyuki (1980). Includes pumilus, perditus, and miyakonis; see Corbet and Hill (1992) and Csorba et al. (2003). May be conspecific with pusillus; see Corbet and Hill (1992), but also see Yoshiyuki (1989, 1990) and Csorba et al. (2003). Does not include monoceros, see Csorba et al. (2003), but also see Koopman (1994) and Csorba (1997). Reviewed by Horácek et al. (2000). Csorba et al. (2003) designated a lectotype for cornutus.	Little Japanese Horseshoe Bat
13800507	Rhinolophus cornutus subsp. cornutus	Temminck 1834	SUBSPECIES		cornutus	cornutus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Tijdschrift Natuurl. Gesch. Physiol. vol.1 p.30		&nbsp; 			pusillus species group.	
13800508	Rhinolophus cornutus subsp. miyakonis	Kuroda 1924	SUBSPECIES		miyakonis	cornutus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						pusillus species group.	
13800509	Rhinolophus cornutus subsp. orii	Kuroda 1924	SUBSPECIES		orii	cornutus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						pusillus species group.	
13800510	Rhinolophus cornutus subsp. perditus	K. Andersen 1918	SUBSPECIES		perditus	cornutus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						pusillus species group.	
13800511	Rhinolophus cornutus subsp. pumilus	K. Andersen 1905	SUBSPECIES		pumilus	cornutus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						pusillus species group.	
13800512	Rhinolophus creaghi	Thomas 1896	SPECIES			creaghi		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.18 p.244		pilosus  K. Andersen, 1918.	Borneo; Madura Isl, Kalimantan, (Indonesia); Sabah, Sarawak (Malaysia).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	euryotis species group. Includes pilosus but not canuti; see Hill and Schlitter (1982).	Creagh's Horseshoe Bat
13800513	Rhinolophus creaghi subsp. creaghi	Thomas 1896	SUBSPECIES		creaghi	creaghi		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.18 p.244		&nbsp; 			euryotis species group.	
13800514	Rhinolophus creaghi subsp. pilosus	K. Andersen 1918	SUBSPECIES		pilosus	creaghi		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera							
13800515	Rhinolophus darlingi	K. Andersen 1905	SPECIES			darlingi		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.15 p.70		barbertonensis  Roberts, 1924; damarensis Roberts, 1946.	NE South Africa, Namibia, S Angola, N and W Botswana, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, Nigeria.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	ferrumequinum species group. Includes barbertonensis; see Hayman and Hill (1971). See Taylor (2000a) for distribution map.	Darling's Horseshoe Bat
13800516	Rhinolophus darlingi subsp. darlingi	K. Andersen 1905	SUBSPECIES		darlingi	darlingi		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.15 p.70					ferrumequinum species group.	
13800517	Rhinolophus darlingi subsp. damarensis	Roberts 1946	SUBSPECIES		damarensis	darlingi		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						ferrumequinum species group.	
13800518	Rhinolophus deckenii	Peters 1867 "1868"	SPECIES			deckenii		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1867 p.705			Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Zanzibar and Pemba.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Data Deficient.	ferrumequinum species group. Treated as a subspecies of clivosus by Hayman and Hill (1971), but see Koopman (1975), Cotterill (2002), and Csorba et al. (2003). May include silvestris, see Csorba et al. (2003).	Decken's Horseshoe Bat
13800554	Rhinolophus hillorum	Koopman 1989	SPECIES			hillorum		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Amer. Mus. Novit. vol.2946 p.4			Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, Cameroon.	IUCN 2003  not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	ferrumequinum species group. Originally named as a subspecies of clivosus, but apparently distinct; see Cotterill (2002).	Upland Horseshoe Bat
13800519	Rhinolophus denti	Thomas 1904	SPECIES			denti		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.13 p.386		knorri  Eisentraut, 1960.	Northern Cape Prov. (South Africa), Namibia, Angola, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Ghana. A Côte dIvoire record is incorrect (it actually represents landeri; J. Fahr, pers. comm.), and reports from Gambia similarly seem to represent misidentified landeri (Kock et al., 2002).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	capensis species group. May include swinnyi, see discussion in Csorba et al. (2003).	Dent's Horseshoe Bat
13800520	Rhinolophus denti subsp. denti	Thomas 1904	SUBSPECIES		denti	denti		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.13 p.386		&nbsp; 			capensis species group.	
13800521	Rhinolophus denti subsp. knorri	Eisentraut 1960	SUBSPECIES		knorri	denti		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						capensis species group.	
13800522	Rhinolophus eloquens	K. Andersen 1905	SPECIES			eloquens		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.15 p.74		perauritus  De Beaux, 1922.	Uganda, S Somalia, S Sudan, NE Dem. Rep. Congo, Kenya, Rwanda, N Tanzania, Zanzibar and Pemba.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	fumigatus species group. Includes perauritus; see Koopman (1975).	Eloquent Horseshoe Bat
13800523	Rhinolophus eloquens subsp. eloquens	K. Andersen 1905	SUBSPECIES		eloquens	eloquens		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.15 p.74		&nbsp; 			fumigatus species group..	
13800524	Rhinolophus eloquens subsp. perauritus	De Beaux 1922	SUBSPECIES		perauritus	eloquens		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						fumigatus species group..	
13800614	Rhinolophus pearsonii subsp. pearsonii	Horsfield 1851	SUBSPECIES		pearsonii	pearsonii		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Cat. Mamm. Mus. E. India Co. p.33					pearsonii species group.	
13800525	Rhinolophus euryale	Blasius 1853	SPECIES			euryale		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Arch. Naturgesch. vol.19 1 p.49		atlanticus  K. Andersen and Matschie, 1904; barbarus K. Andersen and Matschie, 1904; cabrerae K. Andersen and Matschie, 1904; meridionalis K. Andersen and Matschie, 1904; nordmanni Satunin, 1911; toscanus K. Andersen and Matschie, 1904; judaicus K. Andersen and Matschie, 1904. <u>Not allocated to subspecies</u>: algirus Loche, 1867.	Transcaucasia to Turkey, Israel, and Jordan; S Europe from Portugal, C France to S Slovakia, Hungary, Slovenia, and Romania; Turkmenistan; Iran; Algeria; Morocco; Tunisia; various Mediterranean islands; perhaps Egypt.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	euryale species group. Revised by DeBlase (1972); also see Harrison and Bates (1991), Paz (1995), Zagorodnyuk (1999), Horácek et al. (2000), and Gaisler (2001b). Does not include tuneti; see Cockrum (1976b).	Mediterranean Horseshoe Bat
13800526	Rhinolophus euryale subsp. euryale	Blasius 1853	SUBSPECIES		euryale	euryale		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Arch. Naturgesch. vol.19 1 p.49					euryale species group.	
13800527	Rhinolophus euryale subsp. judaicus	K. Andersen and Matschie 1904	SUBSPECIES		judaicus	euryale		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						euryale species group.	
13800528	Rhinolophus euryotis	Temminck 1835	SPECIES			euryotis		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Monogr. Mamm. vol.2 p.26		aruensis  K. Andersen, 1907; burius Hinton, 1925; praestens K. Andersen, 1905; tatar Bergmans and Rozendaal, 1982; timidus K. Andersen, 1905.	Aru Isls, Buru, Bacan, Amboina, Seram, and Tanimbar Isls, Kai Isls, Halmahera, and Sulawesi (Indonesia); New Guinea; Bismarck Arch.; adjacent small islands.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	euryotis species group. Subspecies, some of which are of dubious validity, were discussed by Hill (1983); also see Flannery (1995a, b) and Bonaccorso (1998).	Broad-eared Horseshoe Bat
13800529	Rhinolophus euryotis subsp. euryotis	Temminck 1835	SUBSPECIES		euryotis	euryotis		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Monogr. Mamm. vol.2 p.26		&nbsp; 			euryotis species group.	
13800530	Rhinolophus euryotis subsp. aruensis	K. Andersen 1907	SUBSPECIES		aruensis	euryotis		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						euryotis species group.	
13800531	Rhinolophus euryotis subsp. burius	Hinton 1925	SUBSPECIES		burius	euryotis		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						euryotis species group.	
13800532	Rhinolophus euryotis subsp. praestens	K. Andersen 1905	SUBSPECIES		praestens	euryotis		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						euryotis species group.	
13800533	Rhinolophus euryotis subsp. tatar	Bergmans and Rozendaal 1982	SUBSPECIES		tatar	euryotis		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						euryotis species group.	
13800534	Rhinolophus euryotis subsp. timidus	K. Andersen 1905	SUBSPECIES		timidus	euryotis		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						euryotis species group.	
13800553	Rhinolophus hilli	Aellen 1973	SPECIES			hilli		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Period. Biol. Zagreb vol.75 p.101			Rwanda.	IUCN 2003  not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001). Fahr et al. (2002) suggested that this species be listed as Data Deficient.	maclaudi species group. Previously included in maclaudi (e.g., Smith and Hood, 1980) or ruwenzorii (e.g., Csorba et al., 2003), but distinct from both of these species (Fahr et al., 2002).	Hill's Horseshoe Bat
13800571	Rhinolophus landeri subsp. angolensis	Seabra 1898	SUBSPECIES		angolensis	landeri		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						landeri species group.	
13801493	Pteronotus parnellii subsp. fuscus	J. A. Allen 1911	SUBSPECIES		fuscus	parnellii	Phyllodia	Pteronotus	Mormoopidae	Chiroptera							
13800535	Rhinolophus ferrumequinum	Schreber 1774	SPECIES			ferrumequinum		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Die Säugethiere vol.1 p.174, pl. 62		colchicus  Satunin, 1912; equinus Müller, 1776; germanicus Koch, 1865; hippocrepis Schrank, 1798; homodorensis Daday, 1887; homorodalmasiensis Daday, 1885 [nomen nudum]; insulanus Barrett-Hamilton, 1910; italicus Koch, 1865; major E Geoffroy, 1803 [not Kerr, 1792); major Kerr, 1792:99 [not Kerr, 1792:97]; martinoi Petrov, 1940; obscurus Cabrera, 1904; perspicillatus Blumenbach, 1779; solea Zimmermann, 1777 [unavailable; see Bull. Zool. Nomen. (1950)4:547]; typicus K. Andersen, 1905; ungula Boddaert, 1785; unihastatus E. Geoffroy, 1803; creticum Iliopoulou-Georgudaki and Ondrias, 1985; irani Cheesman, 1921; rubiginosus Gubareff, 1941; korai Kuroda, 1938; pachyodontus Kishida, 1931 [nomen nudum]; quelpartis Mori, 1933; nippon Temminck, 1835; fudisanus Kishida, 1940; kosidianus Kishida, 1940; mikadoi Ognev, 1927; norikuranus Kishida, 1940; ogasimanus Kishida, 1940; proximus K. Andersen, 1905; tragatus Hodgson, 1835; brevitarsus Blyth, 1863 [nomen nudum]; regulus K. Andersen, 1905.	Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia; S Europe from Portugal to Greece and north to S England, the Netherlands, S Germany, Austria, Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Bulgaria; Turkey, Cyprus, Georgia, and Azerbaijan; Urkrain, Crimea, and Caucacus regions; the Mediterranean coast from Turkey to Israel and Jordan; NE Iraq, Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, S Kazakhstan, Afganistan, Pakistan, N India, Nepal, Sikkim, China, Korea, and Japan; adjacent small islands. Records at some localities in northern Europe (e.g., the Netherlands) apparently reflect temporary northern range extensions (Glas and Voûte, 1992a).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	ferrumequinum species group. Revised by Strelkov et al. (1978). Reviewed in part by Yoshiyuki (1989), Harrison and Bates (1991), Paz (1995), Kock (1996), Bates and Harrison (1997), Sinha (1999), Zagorodnyuk (1999), Horácek et al. (2000) and Gaisler (2001a). Subspecies limits are somewhat unclear and there may be more than one species present in this complex; see discussion in Csorba et al. (2003).	Greater Horseshoe Bat
13800536	Rhinolophus ferrumequinum subsp. ferrumequinum	Schreber 1774	SUBSPECIES		ferrumequinum	ferrumequinum		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Die Säugethiere vol.1 p.174, pl. 62					ferrumequinum species group.	
13800537	Rhinolophus ferrumequinum subsp. creticum	Iliopoulou-Georgudaki and Ondrias 1985	SUBSPECIES		creticum	ferrumequinum		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						ferrumequinum species group.	
13800538	Rhinolophus ferrumequinum subsp. irani	Cheesman 1921	SUBSPECIES		irani	ferrumequinum		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						ferrumequinum species group.	
13800539	Rhinolophus ferrumequinum subsp. korai	Kuroda 1938	SUBSPECIES		korai	ferrumequinum		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						ferrumequinum species group.	
13800540	Rhinolophus ferrumequinum subsp. nippon	Temminck 1835	SUBSPECIES		nippon	ferrumequinum		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						ferrumequinum species group.	
13800541	Rhinolophus ferrumequinum subsp. proximus	K. Andersen 1905	SUBSPECIES		proximus	ferrumequinum		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						ferrumequinum species group.	
13800542	Rhinolophus ferrumequinum subsp. tragatus	Hodgson 1835	SUBSPECIES		tragatus	ferrumequinum		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						ferrumequinum species group.	
13800543	Rhinolophus formosae	Sanborn 1939	SPECIES			formosae		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Publ. Field. Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. vol.24 p.41			Taiwan.	IUCN 2003  not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	trifoliatus species group. Formerly considered a subspecies of luctus, but apparently distinct; see Yoshiyuki and Harada (1995) and Csorba et al. (2003).	Formosan Woolly Horseshoe Bat
13800615	Rhinolophus pearsonii subsp. chinensis	K. Andersen 1905	SUBSPECIES		chinensis	pearsonii		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						pearsonii species group.	
13800544	Rhinolophus fumigatus	Rüppell 1842	SPECIES			fumigatus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Mus. Senckenbergianum vol.3 p.132, 155		antinorii  Dobson, 1885; macrocephalus Heuglin, 1877; abae J. A. Allen, 1917; aethiops Peters, 1869; diversus Sanborn, 1939; exsul K. Andersen, 1905; acrotis G. M. Allen, 1914 [not Heuglin, 1861]; foxi Thomas, 1913.	Somalia, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Sudan, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi, Dem. Rep. Congo, Nigeria, Niger, Sierra Leone, Côte dIvoire, Togo, Benin, Senegal, Gambia, Guinea, Mali, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Cameroon, Gabon, Republic of Congo, Central African Republic, Zambia, Malawi, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Angola, Namibia, South Africa.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	fumigatus species group. Does not include eloquens or perauritus, but does include aethiops; see Koopman (1975). Subspecies boundaries are not well delimited. See Taylor (2000a) for distribution map.	Rüppell's Horseshoe Bat
13800545	Rhinolophus fumigatus subsp. fumigatus	Rüppell 1842	SUBSPECIES		fumigatus	fumigatus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Mus. Senckenbergianum vol.3 p.132, 155					fumigatus species group.	
13800546	Rhinolophus fumigatus subsp. abae	J. A. Allen 1917	SUBSPECIES		abae	fumigatus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						fumigatus species group.	
13800547	Rhinolophus fumigatus subsp. aethiops	Peters 1869	SUBSPECIES		aethiops	fumigatus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						fumigatus species group.	
13800548	Rhinolophus fumigatus subsp. diversus	Sanborn 1939	SUBSPECIES		diversus	fumigatus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						fumigatus species group.	
13800549	Rhinolophus fumigatus subsp. exsul	K. Andersen 1905	SUBSPECIES		exsul	fumigatus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						fumigatus species group.	
13800550	Rhinolophus fumigatus subsp. foxi	Thomas 1913	SUBSPECIES		foxi	fumigatus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						fumigatus species group.	
13800551	Rhinolophus guineensis	Eisentraut 1960	SPECIES			guineensis		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Stuttg. Beitr. Naturk. vol.39 p.1			Senegal, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	landeri species group. Originally described as a subspecies of landeri, but see Böhme and Hutterer (1979), who demonstrated that it is a separate species.	Guinean Horseshoe Bat
13800552	Rhinolophus hildebrandtii	Peters 1878	SPECIES			hildebrandtii		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1878 p.195			NE South Africa and Mozambique to Ethiopia, S Sudan, and NE Dem. Rep. Congo; Nigeria.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	fumigatus species group. See Taylor (2000a) for distribution map. See Fahr et al. (2002) for information on Nigerian record. Sometimes spelled "hildebranti," but the original spelling is "hildebrantii."	Hildebrandt's Horseshoe Bat
13800555	Rhinolophus hipposideros	Bechstein 1800	SPECIES			hipposideros		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	InPennant, Allgemeine Ueber. Vierfüss. Thiere vol.2 p.629		alpinus  Koch, 1865; anomalus Soderland, 1920; bifer Kaup, 1829 [nomen nudum]; bifer Blainville, 1840 [replacement for bifer Kaup, 1829]; bihastatus E. Geoffroy, 1813; eggenhoeffner Fitzinger, 1870; helvetica Bretschner, 1904; intermedius Soderland, 1920; kisnyiresiensis Daday, 1885; minor Kerr 1792:99 [not Kerr 1792:97]; minuta Leach, 1816 [nomen nudum]; moravicus Kostron, 1943; trogophilus Daday, 1887; typicus K. Andersen, 1905; typus Koch, 1865; escalerae K. Andersen, 1918; vespa Laurent, 1937; majori K. Andersen, 1918; billanyani DeBlase, 1972; midas K. Andersen, 1905; minimus Heuglin, 1861; pallidus Koch, 1865; phasma Cabrera, 1904; minutus Montagu, 1808.	Ireland, N Europe to Iberia and Morocco, through S Europe and N Africa to Kyrgystan and Kashmir; Bulgaria; Israel and Jordan; Arabia; Sudan; Ethiopia; Djibouti. Records at some localities in N Europe (e.g., the Netherlands) apparently reflect temporary northern range extensions (Glas and Voûte, 1992b).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	hipposideros species group. Revised by Felten et al. (1977). Reviewed by Paz (1995) and Bates and Harrison (1997); also see Harrison and Bates (1991) and Horácek et al. (2000). It is possible that minimus represents a distinct species; see Zagorodnyuk (1999).	Lesser Horseshoe Bat
13800556	Rhinolophus hipposideros subsp. hipposideros	Bechstein 1800	SUBSPECIES		hipposideros	hipposideros		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	InPennant, Allgemeine Ueber. Vierfüss. Thiere vol.2 p.629					hipposideros species group.	
13800557	Rhinolophus hipposideros subsp. escalerae	K. Andersen 1918	SUBSPECIES		escalerae	hipposideros		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						hipposideros species group.	
13800558	Rhinolophus hipposideros subsp. majori	K. Andersen 1918	SUBSPECIES		majori	hipposideros		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						hipposideros species group.	
13800559	Rhinolophus hipposideros subsp. midas	K. Andersen 1905	SUBSPECIES		midas	hipposideros		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						hipposideros species group.	
13800562	Rhinolophus imaizumii	Hill and Yoshiyuki 1980	SPECIES			imaizumii		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo, ser. A (Zool.) vol.6 p.180			Iriomote Isl and Yaeyama Isl (Japan: Ryukyu Isls).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Endangered.	pusillus species group. Reviewed by Yoshiyuki (1989).	Imaizumi's Horseshoe Bat
13800563	Rhinolophus inops	K. Andersen 1905	SPECIES			inops		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.16 p.284, 651			Philippines except Palawan region.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Data Deficient.	euryotis species group. This taxon may include more than one species; see Ingle and Heaney (1992) and Heaney et al. (1998).	Philippine Forest Horseshoe Bat
13800564	Rhinolophus keyensis	Peters 1871	SPECIES			keyensis		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1871 p.307		nanus  K. Andersen, 1905; truncatus Peters, 1871; amiri Kitchener, 1995 [in Kitchener et al., 1995a]; parvus Goodwin, 1979; annectens Sanborn, 1939; simplex K. Andersen, 1905.	Many islands in Indonesia; see Kitchener et al. (1995a).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Endangered.	megaphyllus species group. Revised by Kitchener (1995a), who apparently overlooked the fact that keyensis is the oldest name for this complex (not simplex). Not included in megaphyllus, although see Corbet and Hill (1992). Includes parvus; see Kitchener et al. (1995a), but see also Bergmans and van Bree (1986). The holotype of annectans is a damaged skull that is difficult to assign with any certainty, but may represent parvus; see Kitchener et al. (1995a).	Kai Horseshoe Bat
13800565	Rhinolophus keyensis subsp. keyensis	Peters 1871	SUBSPECIES		keyensis	keyensis		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1871 p.307					megaphyllus species group.	
13800566	Rhinolophus keyensis subsp. amiri	Kitchener 1995	SUBSPECIES		amiri	keyensis		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	[in Kitchener et al., 1995a]					megaphyllus species group.	
13800567	Rhinolophus keyensis subsp. parvus	Goodwin 1979	SUBSPECIES		parvus	keyensis		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						megaphyllus species group.	
13800568	Rhinolophus keyensis subsp. simplex	K. Andersen 1905	SUBSPECIES		simplex	keyensis		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						megaphyllus species group.	
13800569	Rhinolophus landeri	Martin 1837 "1838"	SPECIES			landeri		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1837 p.101		angolensis  Seabra, 1898; lobatus Peters, 1852; axillaris Allen, Lang, and Chapin, 1917; dobsoni Thomas, 1904.	Senegal and Gambia to Ethiopia and Somalia, south to South Africa and Namibia; Bioko (Equatorial Guinea); Zanzibar.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	landeri species group. According to Hayman and Hill (1971) and Koopman (1975), this species includes angolensis, dobsoni, and guineensis, but not brockmani; but see Böhme and Hutterer (1979) who correctly treated guineensis as a separate species. See Brown and Dunlop (1997); also see Kock et al. (2002), who discussed differences between landeri and denti.	Lander's Horseshoe Bat
14000238	Panthera leo subsp. persica	Meyer 1826	SUBSPECIES		persica	leo		Panthera	Felidae	Carnivora							
13800580	Rhinolophus luctus subsp. luctus	Temminck 1834	SUBSPECIES		luctus	luctus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Tijdschrift Natuurl. Gesch. Physiol. vol.1 p.23					trifoliatus species group.	
13800581	Rhinolophus luctus subsp. foetidus	K. Andersen 1918	SUBSPECIES		foetidus	luctus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						trifoliatus species group.	
13700001	Soricomorpha	Gregory 1910	ORDER							Soricomorpha						<p>Commonly included in the Insectivora (as in the last edition; Hutterer, 1993a) or Lipotyphla, but provisonally treated here as a separate order because of accumulating evidence for the paraphyletic nature of the former Insectivora clade (Asher, 1999, 2001; Stanhope et al., 1998). Various genetic studies (Emerson et al., 1999; Liu et al., 2001; Malia et al., 2002; Mouchaty et al., 2000a, b; Nikaido et al., 2001) demonstrated that soricomophs and hedgehogs, sometimes also moles, keep distant positions in phylogenetic trees. Such results are reflected by ideas earlier expressed by Butler (1988) and McKenna (1975), and are corroborated by the careful study of fossil and extant zalambdodont mammals by Asher et al. (2002). The name Soricomorpha was proposed by Gregory (1910) and has since been widely used in the paleontological literature. It is adopted here in the sense of McKenna (1975) and Butler (1988). MacPhee and Novacek (1993) used it as a name for a suborder o... [truncated]	
13700002	Nesophontidae	Anthony 1916	FAMILY						Nesophontidae	Soricomorpha	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.35 p.725					Known mainly from sub-Recent fossils from the Greater Antilles. Remains of a Nesophontes sized mammal were found in a piece of late Oligocene/early Miocene Dominican amber (MacPhee and Grimaldi, 1996). One genus and nine taxa have been named; Hall (1981) recognized six and Morgan and Woods (1986) eight species. Efforts to locate surviving populations have been unsuccessful (Woods et al., 1985). MacPhee et al. (1999) concluded that the genus has probably been extinct for five hundred years or more, although Fischer (1977) speculated about a more recent survival. The relationships of the Nesophontidae to the Solenodontidae are not well established. Van Valen (1967) placed the Nesophontidae near the Soricidae in the order Insectivora, and the Solenodontidae near the Tenrecidae in the order Deltatheria. Whidden and Asher (2001) reviewed the relevant literature and discussed biogeographical hypotheses to explain the presence of Nesophontes and Solenodon in the West Indi... [truncated]	
13700003	Nesophontes	Anthony 1916	GENUS					Nesophontes	Nesophontidae	Soricomorpha	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.35 p.725	Nesophontes edithae Anthony, 1916.				All species of Nesophontes appear to have survived the late Pleistocene extinction, at least five species are known to have existed into post-Columbian times. Morgan and Woods (1986) concluded that several species survived until the early part of the 18th century, and Fischer (1977) suggested an even more recent survival. However, recent attempts to locate living representatives in the Dominican Republic were unsuccessful (MacPhee et al., 1999). Includes undescribed species from the Cayman Isls which were found in post-Columbian deposits (Morgan, 1994, 1996; Morgan and Woods, 1986; Varona, 1974).	
13700004	Nesophontes edithae	Anthony 1916	SPECIES			edithae		Nesophontes	Nesophontidae	Soricomorpha	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.35 p.725			Puerto Rico, Vieques, Vieques, St. Johns, St. Thomas.	Extinct.	Size variation documented by McFarlane (1999a). This species may have died out much earlier than 1500 AD. McFarlane (1999b) reported a date of 5410 +/- 80 yrs B.P.	Puerto Rican Nesophontes
13800572	Rhinolophus landeri subsp. lobatus	Peters 1852	SUBSPECIES		lobatus	landeri		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						landeri species group.	
13700020	Solenodon paradoxus subsp. woodi	Ottenwalder 2001	SUBSPECIES		woodi	paradoxus		Solenodon	Solenodontidae	Soricomorpha							
13800573	Rhinolophus lepidus	Blyth 1844	SPECIES			lepidus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.13 p.486		cuneatus  K. Andersen, 1918; feae K. Andersen, 1907; monticola K. Andersen, 1905; refulgens K. Andersen, 1905.	Afghanistan, Pakistan, N India, Nepal, Burma, Thailand, Szechwan and Yunnan (China), Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra (Indonesia).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	pusillus species group. Includes feae, monticola, and refulgens; see Hill and Yoshiyuki (1980) and Corbet and Hill (1992). Does not include osgoodi or shortridgei; see Csorba et al. (2003), although also see Corbet and Hill (1992). Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997).	Blyth's Horseshoe Bat
13800574	Rhinolophus lepidus subsp. lepidus	Blyth 1844	SUBSPECIES		lepidus	lepidus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.13 p.486		&nbsp; 			pusillus species group.	
13800575	Rhinolophus lepidus subsp. cuneatus	K. Andersen 1918	SUBSPECIES		cuneatus	lepidus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						pusillus species group.	
13800576	Rhinolophus lepidus subsp. feae	K. Andersen 1907	SUBSPECIES		feae	lepidus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						pusillus species group.	
13800577	Rhinolophus lepidus subsp. monticola	K. Andersen 1905	SUBSPECIES		monticola	lepidus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						pusillus species group.	
13800578	Rhinolophus lepidus subsp. refulgens	K. Andersen 1905	SUBSPECIES		refulgens	lepidus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						pusillus species group.	
13800597	Rhinolophus marshalli	Thonglongya 1973	SPECIES			marshalli		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Mammalia vol.37 p.590			Thailand, Burma, Vietnam, Laos, Peninsular Malaysia.	IUCN 2003  and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	philippinensis species group. Reviewed by Yoshiyuki (1990) and Hill and Topál (1990); also see Bates et al. (2001) and Hendrichsen et al. (2001b).	Marshall's Horseshoe Bat
13800579	Rhinolophus luctus	Temminck 1834	SPECIES			luctus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Tijdschrift Natuurl. Gesch. Physiol. vol.1 p.23		geminus  K. Andersen, 1905; foetidus K. Andersen, 1918; lanosus K. Andersen, 1905; morio Gray, 1842; perniger Hodgson, 1843; spurcus Allen, 1928.	India, Nepal, Burma, Sri Lanka, S China, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia; Borneo, Sumatra, Java, and Bali (Indonesia).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	trifoliatus species group. Includes lanosus; see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951). Does not include beddomei; see Topál and Csorba (1992) and Bates and Harrison (1997). Does not include formosae; see Yoshiyuki and Harada (1995) and Csorba et al. (2003).	Woolly Horseshoe Bat
13800582	Rhinolophus luctus subsp. lanosus	K. Andersen 1905	SUBSPECIES		lanosus	luctus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						trifoliatus species group.	
13800583	Rhinolophus luctus subsp. morio	Gray 1842	SUBSPECIES		morio	luctus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						trifoliatus species group.	
13800584	Rhinolophus luctus subsp. perniger	Hodgson 1843	SUBSPECIES		perniger	luctus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						trifoliatus species group.	
13800585	Rhinolophus luctus subsp. spurcus	Allen 1928	SUBSPECIES		spurcus	luctus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						trifoliatus species group.	
13800586	Rhinolophus maclaudi	Pousargues 1897	SPECIES			maclaudi		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.3 p.358			Guinea. A record from Nigeria was based on misidentified specimens (Fahr et al., 2002).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt). Fahr et al. (2002) proposed that this be changed to Endangered.	maclaudi species group. Smith and Hood (1980) included ruwenzorii in this taxon, but morphological differences and a major range disjunction indicate that maclaudi and ruwenzorii are distinct species; see Csorba et al. (2003) and Fahr et al. (2002). Revised by Fahr et al. (2002), who provided a key to species in the maclaudi species group.	Maclaud's Horseshoe Bat
13800587	Rhinolophus macrotis	Blyth 1844	SPECIES			macrotis		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.13 p.485		caldwelli  Allen, 1923; dohrni K. Andersen, 1907; episcopus Allen, 1923; hirsutus K. Andersen, 1905; topali Csorba and Bates, 1995.	Pakistan, N India, Nepal to S China, Burma, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, and Peninsualr Malaysia; Sumatra (Indonesia); Philippines.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	philippinensis species group. Includes episcopus and hirsutus; see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), Tate (1943), Corbet and Hill (1992), and Bates and Harrison (1997), but also see Ingle and Heaney (1992), who suggested that hirsutus may deserve recognition as a distinct species. Does not include siamensis, see Francis et al. (1999b) and Hendrichsen et al. (2001b).	Big-eared Horseshoe Bat
13800588	Rhinolophus macrotis subsp. macrotis	Blyth 1844	SUBSPECIES		macrotis	macrotis		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.13 p.485		&nbsp; 			philippinensis species group.	
13800589	Rhinolophus macrotis subsp. caldwelli	Allen 1923	SUBSPECIES		caldwelli	macrotis		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						philippinensis species group.	
13800590	Rhinolophus macrotis subsp. dohrni	K. Andersen 1907	SUBSPECIES		dohrni	macrotis		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						philippinensis species group.	
13800591	Rhinolophus macrotis subsp. episcopus	Allen 1923	SUBSPECIES		episcopus	macrotis		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						philippinensis species group.	
13800592	Rhinolophus macrotis subsp. hirsutus	K. Andersen 1905	SUBSPECIES		hirsutus	macrotis		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						philippinensis species group.	
13800593	Rhinolophus macrotis subsp. topali	Csorba and Bates 1995	SUBSPECIES		topali	macrotis		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						philippinensis species group.	
13800594	Rhinolophus madurensis	K. Andersen 1918	SPECIES			madurensis		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.2 p.375			Madura and Kangean Isls (Indonesia).	IUCN 2003  not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	megaphyllus species group. Previously included in celebensis, but see Bergmans and van Bree (1986). Does not include parvus; see Kitchener et al. (1995a), but also see Bergmans and van Bree (1986). Csorba et al. (2003) retained both madurensis and parvus in celebensis.	Madura Horseshoe Bat
13800595	Rhinolophus maendeleo	Kock, Csorba, and Howell 2000	SPECIES			maendeleo		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Senkenbergiana Biol. vol.80 p.234			NE Tanzania.	IUCN 2003  not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	adami species group. Known from only two specimens.	Maendeleo Horseshoe Bat
13800596	Rhinolophus malayanus	Bonhote 1903	SPECIES			malayanus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	In N. Annandale, Fasciculi Malayenses, Zool. vol.1 p.15			Thailand, Burma, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	megaphyllus species group. McFarlane and Blood (1986) suggested that characters used by Lekagul and McNeeky (1977) to separate stheno and malayanus may not be reliable, but see Corbet and Hill (1992), Csorba and Jenkins (1998), and Hendrichsen (2001a, b).	Malayan Horseshoe Bat
13800598	Rhinolophus megaphyllus	Gray 1834	SPECIES			megaphyllus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1834 p.52		fallax  K. Andersen, 1906; ignifer Allen, 1933; monachus K. Andersen, 1905; vandeuseni Koopman, 1982.	E New Guinea; Misima Isl (Louisiade Arch.), Goodenough Isl (D'Entrecasteaux Isls), and Bismarck Arch. (Papua New Guinea); Moluccas, Lesser Sundas; E Queensland, E New South Wales, and E Victoria (Australia).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	megaphyllus species group. Does not include keyensis and amiri; see Kitchener et al. (1995a), although also see discussion in Csorba et al. (2003). May be closely related to philippinensis, and both taxa as presently recognized may be polyphyletic; see Cooper et al. (1998). Does not include robinsoni and simplex, although see discussion in Corbet and Hill (1992) and Csorba et al. (2003). Also see Flannery (1995a, b) and Bonaccorso (1998).	Smaller Horseshoe Bat
13800599	Rhinolophus megaphyllus subsp. megaphyllus	Gray 1834	SUBSPECIES		megaphyllus	megaphyllus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1834 p.52		&nbsp; 			megaphyllus species group.	
13800600	Rhinolophus megaphyllus subsp. fallax	K. Andersen 1906	SUBSPECIES		fallax	megaphyllus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						megaphyllus species group.	
13800601	Rhinolophus megaphyllus subsp. ignifer	Allen 1933	SUBSPECIES		ignifer	megaphyllus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						megaphyllus species group.	
13800602	Rhinolophus megaphyllus subsp. monachus	K. Andersen 1905	SUBSPECIES		monachus	megaphyllus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						megaphyllus species group.	
13800603	Rhinolophus megaphyllus subsp. vandeuseni	Koopman 1982	SUBSPECIES		vandeuseni	megaphyllus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						megaphyllus species group.	
13800604	Rhinolophus mehelyi	Matschie 1901	SPECIES			mehelyi		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin p.225		carpetanus  Cabrera, 1904; tuneti Deleuil and Labbe, 1955.	Portugal, Spain, France, Romania, Bulgaria, Greece, Serbia and Montenegro, Transcaucasia; Morocco, Tunisa, Egypt, Algeria, and Libya; Mediterranean islands, Turkey, Cyprus, Iran, Iraq, Israel, and Jordan; Afghanistan.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	euryale species group. Revised by DeBlase (1972); also see Harrison and Bates (1991), Paz (1995), Zagorodnyuk (1999), Horácek et al. (2000), and Gaisler (2001c). Includes tuneti; see Cockrum (1976b).	Mehely's Horseshoe Bat
13800605	Rhinolophus mehelyi subsp. mehelyi	Matschie 1901	SUBSPECIES		mehelyi	mehelyi		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin p.225					euryale species group.	
13800606	Rhinolophus mehelyi subsp. tuneti	Deleuil and Labbe 1955	SUBSPECIES		tuneti	mehelyi		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						euryale species group.	
13800607	Rhinolophus mitratus	Blyth 1844	SPECIES			mitratus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.13 p.483			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Data Deficient.	trifoliatus species group. Known only from the holotype; see Sinha (1973), Corbet and Hill (1992), and Bates and Harrison (1997) for discussion of morphology and possible affinities.	Mitred Horseshoe Bat
13800675	Anthops	Thomas 1888	GENUS					Anthops	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.1 p.156	Anthops ornatus Thomas, 1888.					
13700041	Crocidura brunnea subsp. brunnea	Jentink 1888	SUBSPECIES		brunnea	brunnea		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Notes Leyden Mus. vol.10 p.164						
13800608	Rhinolophus monoceros	K. Andersen 1905	SPECIES			monoceros		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1905 2 p.131			Taiwan, possibly S China.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Microchiropteran Bats Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	pusillus species group. May be conspecific with cornutus and/or pusillus; see Corbet and Hill (1992), Koopman (1994), and Csorba (1997). Reviewed by Yoshiyuki (1989).	Formosan Lesser Horseshoe Bat
13800609	Rhinolophus montanus	Goodwin 1979	SPECIES			montanus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.163 p.112			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN 2003  not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	philippinensis species group. Formerly considered a subspecies of philippinensis, but apparently distinct; see Csorba (2002) and Csorba et al. (2003).	Timorese Horseshoe Bat
13800610	Rhinolophus nereis	K. Andersen 1905	SPECIES			nereis		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1905 p.90			Anamba and North Natuna Isls (Indonesia).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	megaphyllus species group.	Anamban Horseshoe Bat
13800611	Rhinolophus osgoodi	Sanborn 1939	SPECIES			osgoodi		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser. vol.24 p.40			Yunnan (China).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Data Deficient.	pusillus species group. Possibly conspecific with lepidus (Corbet and Hill, 1992), but treated as distinct following Csorba et al. (2003).	Osgood's Horseshoe Bat
13800612	Rhinolophus paradoxolophus	Bourret 1951	SPECIES			paradoxolophus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris, ser. 2 vol.33 p.607			Vietnam, Thailand, Laos, and China.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	philippinensis species group. Redescribed by Hill (1972b); also see Hendrichsen et al. (2001b). Corbet and Hill (1992) suggested that paradoxolophus may be conspecific with rex, but see Eger and Fenton (2003).	Bourret's Horseshoe Bat
13800613	Rhinolophus pearsonii	Horsfield 1851	SPECIES			pearsonii		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Cat. Mamm. Mus. E. India Co. p.33		larvatus  Milne-Edwards, 1872 [not Horsfield, 1823]; chinensis K. Andersen, 1905.	N India; Nepal; Bhutan; Burma; Tibet, Szechwan, Anhwei, and Fukien (China) to Vietnam; Laos; Thailand; Peninsular Malaysia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	pearsonii species group. Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997). Subspecies are of questionable validity (Corbet and Hill, 1992). Sometimes spelled pearsoni (e.g., Koopman, 1993).	Pearson's Horseshoe Bat
13800632	Rhinolophus pusillus subsp. szechwanus	K. Andersen 1918	SUBSPECIES		szechwanus	pusillus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						pusillus species group.	
13800633	Rhinolophus rex	G. M. Allen 1923	SPECIES			rex		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.85 p.3			SW China.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	philippinensis species group. Redescribed by Hill (1972b). May be conspecific with paradoxolophus; see Corbet and Hill (1992).	King Horseshoe Bat
13800667	Rhinolophus trifoliatus subsp. trifoliatus	Temminck 1834	SUBSPECIES		trifoliatus	trifoliatus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. Physiol. vol.1 p.24		&nbsp; 			trifoliatus species group.	
13800616	Rhinolophus philippinensis	Waterhouse 1843	SPECIES			philippinensis		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1843 p.68		achilles  Thomas, 1900; alleni Lawrence, 1939; maros Tate and Archbold, 1939; robertsi Tate, 1952; sanborni Chasen, 1940.	Phillipines; Kai Isls, Sabah, Sarawak, and Sulawesi (Indonesia); Borneo; New Guinea; NE Queensland (Australia).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	philippinensis species group. Variation discussed by Goodwin (1979). May be closely related to megaphyllus, and both taxa as presently recognized may be polyphyletic; see Cooper et al. (1998). Does not include montanus, see Csorba et al. (2003). Two morphologically distinct populations occur on the Cape York peninisula of Australia; see Flannery (1995a, b), Churchill (1998), and Csorba et al. (2003). Flannery (1995a, b) referred the smaller of these forms to the subspecies maros (which he considered to be a senior synonym of alleni and sanborni) and the larger-bodied form to achilles. The only name based on an Australian holotype, robertsi, was treated as a junior synonym of achilles by Flannery (1995b). Flannery (1995a, b) referred all New Guinea populations to maros, but Bonaccorso (1998) referred the New Guinea and Cape York populations to robertsi while reco... [truncated]	Large-eared Horseshoe Bat
13800617	Rhinolophus philippinensis subsp. philippinensis	Waterhouse 1843	SUBSPECIES		philippinensis	philippinensis		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1843 p.68		&nbsp; 			philippinensis species group. See comments under species account.	
13800618	Rhinolophus philippinensis subsp. achilles	Thomas 1900	SUBSPECIES		achilles	philippinensis		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						philippinensis species group. See comments under species account.	
13800619	Rhinolophus philippinensis subsp. alleni	Lawrence 1939	SUBSPECIES		alleni	philippinensis		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						philippinensis species group. See comments under species account.	
13800620	Rhinolophus philippinensis subsp. maros	Tate and Archbold 1939	SUBSPECIES		maros	philippinensis		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						philippinensis species group. See comments under species account.	
13800621	Rhinolophus philippinensis subsp. robertsi	Tate 1952	SUBSPECIES		robertsi	philippinensis		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						philippinensis species group. See comments under species account.	
13800622	Rhinolophus philippinensis subsp. sanborni	Chasen 1940	SUBSPECIES		sanborni	philippinensis		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						philippinensis species group. See comments under species account.	
13800641	Rhinolophus rufus	Eydoux and Gervais 1836	SPECIES			rufus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	In Laplace, Voy. autour du monde par les mers de l'Inde...la Favorite vol.5(Zoologie) pt. 2 p.9		eudoxii  Fitzinger, 1870.	Philippines.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	euryotis species group. Name revived by Lawrence (1939); also see Corbet and Hill (1992).	Large Rufous Horseshoe Bat
13800676	Anthops ornatus	Thomas 1888	SPECIES			ornatus		Anthops	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.1 p.156			Solomon Isls, Bougainville Isl (Papua New Guinea).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	See Flannery (1995b) and Bonaccorso (1998).	Flower-faced Bat
13800623	Rhinolophus pusillus	Temminck 1834	SPECIES			pusillus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. Physiol. vol.1 p.29		minor  Horsfeld, 1823 [not Kerr, 1792]; blythi K. Andersen, 1918; calidus G. M. Allen, 1923; gracilis K. Andersen, 1905; lakkhanae Yoshiyuki, 1990; minutillus Miller, 1906; minutus Miller, 1900 [not Montague, 1808]; pagi Tate and Archbold, 1939; parcus Allen, 1928; szechwanus K. Andersen, 1918.	India; Nepal; Thailand; Burma; Laos; S China; Peninsular Malaysia; Mentawai Isls, Javaand Lesser Sunda Isls (Indonesia), small adjacent islands. Reports of this species from Cambodia cannot be confirmed (Kock, 2000a).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	pusillus species group. Includes blythi, minutillus, and pagi; see Hill and Yoshiyuki (1980) and Corbet and Hill (1992). Contains gracilis; see Corbet and Hill (1992), but also see Sinha (1973). May include cornutus, pumilus, and perditus; see Corbet and Hill (1992). Reviewed in part by Yoshiyuki (1990), Kock (1996), and Bates and Harrison (1997). Lectotype designated by Csorba (2002). See Corbet and Hill (1992) and Hendrichsen et al. (2001b) for a discussion of usage of the name minor, which was preoccupied by minor Kerr, 1792.	Least Horseshoe Bat
13800624	Rhinolophus pusillus subsp. pusillus	Temminck 1834	SUBSPECIES		pusillus	pusillus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. Physiol. vol.1 p.29					pusillus species group.	
13800625	Rhinolophus pusillus subsp. blythi	K. Andersen 1918	SUBSPECIES		blythi	pusillus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						pusillus species group.	
13800626	Rhinolophus pusillus subsp. calidus	G. M. Allen 1923	SUBSPECIES		calidus	pusillus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						pusillus species group.	
13800627	Rhinolophus pusillus subsp. gracilis	K. Andersen 1905	SUBSPECIES		gracilis	pusillus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						pusillus species group.	
13800628	Rhinolophus pusillus subsp. lakkhanae	Yoshiyuki 1990	SUBSPECIES		lakkhanae	pusillus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						pusillus species group.	
13800629	Rhinolophus pusillus subsp. minutillus	Miller 1906	SUBSPECIES		minutillus	pusillus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						pusillus species group.	
13800630	Rhinolophus pusillus subsp. pagi	Tate and Archbold 1939	SUBSPECIES		pagi	pusillus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						pusillus species group.	
13800631	Rhinolophus pusillus subsp. parcus	Allen 1928	SUBSPECIES		parcus	pusillus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						pusillus species group.	
13800634	Rhinolophus robinsoni	K. Andersen 1918	SPECIES			robinsoni		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.2 p.375		klossi  K. Andersen, 1918; thaianus Hill, 1992 [in Corbet and Hill (1992), replacement name for siamensis McFarlane and Blood, 1986]; siamensis McFarlane and Blood, 1986 [not siamensis Gyldenstolpe, 1917].	W Malaysia, Thailand, adjacent small islands.	IUCN 2003  not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	megaphyllus species group. Includes klossi; see Medway (1969). Not included in megaphyllus, although see Corbet and Hill (1992) and Csorba et al. (2003).	Peninsular Horseshoe Bat
13800635	Rhinolophus robinsoni subsp. robinsoni	K. Andersen 1918	SUBSPECIES		robinsoni	robinsoni		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.2 p.375		&nbsp; 			megaphyllus species group.	
13800636	Rhinolophus robinsoni subsp. klossi	K. Andersen 1918	SUBSPECIES		klossi	robinsoni		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						megaphyllus species group.	
13800637	Rhinolophus robinsoni subsp. thaianus	Hill 1992	SUBSPECIES		thaianus	robinsoni		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	[in Corbet and Hill (1992)]					megaphyllus species group. Replacement name for siamensis McFarlane and Blood, 1986.	
13800638	Rhinolophus rouxii	Temminck 1835	SPECIES			rouxii		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Monogr. Mamm. vol.2 p.306		cinerascens  Kelaart, 1852; fulvidus Blyth, 1851; petersii Dobson, 1872; rammanika Kelaart, 1852; rubidus Kelaart, 1850.	Sri Lanka, peninsular India to S Burma and Vietnam. Reports of this species from Cambodia are likely erroneous; see Kock (2000a).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	rouxii species group. Includes petersii; see Sinha (1973). Does not include sinicus; see Thomas (2000). Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997) and Horácek et al. (2000); revised by Thomas (2000). Sometimes spelled rouxi (e.g., Horácek et al., 2000; Koopman, 1993).	Rufous Horseshoe Bat
13800639	Rhinolophus rouxii subsp. rouxii	Temminck 1835	SUBSPECIES		rouxii	rouxii		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Monogr. Mamm. vol.2 p.306					rouxii species group.	
13800640	Rhinolophus rouxii subsp. rubidus	Kelaart 1850	SUBSPECIES		rubidus	rouxii		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						rouxii species group.	
13800642	Rhinolophus ruwenzorii	J. Eric Hill 1942	SPECIES			ruwenzorii		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Amer. Mus. Novit. vol.1180 p.1-2			E Dem. Rep. Congo, Rwanda, W Uganda.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001). Fahr et al. (2002) suggested that this species be listed as Vulnerable.	maclaudi species group. Smith and Hood (1980) considered this taxon to be a junior synonym of maclaudi, but morphological differences and a major range disjunction indicate that maclaudi and ruwenzorii are distinct species; see Csorba et al. (2003) and Fahr et al. (2002). Does not include hilli, a taxon sometimes considered a junior synonym of ruwenzorii (Fahr et al., 2002).	Ruwenzori Horseshoe Bat
13800643	Rhinolophus sakejiensis	Cotterill 2002	SPECIES			sakejiensis		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	J. Zool. vol.256 p.166			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated (new species).	ferrumequinum species group.	Sakeji Horseshoe Bat
13800644	Rhinolophus sedulus	K. Andersen 1905	SPECIES			sedulus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.16 p.244, 247			Peninsular Malaysia, Sarawak and Sabah (Malaysia), Borneo (Indonesia).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	trifoliatus species group. Does not include edax; see Tate (1943) and Corbet and Hill (1992), but also see Chasen (1940).	Lesser Wooly Horseshoe Bat
13800645	Rhinolophus shameli	Tate 1943	SPECIES			shameli		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.1219 p.3			Burma, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Peninsular Malaysia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	euryotis species group. Described as a subspecies of coelophyllus, but see Hill and Thonglongya (1972).	Shamel's Horseshoe Bat
13800646	Rhinolophus shortridgei	K. Andersen 1918	SPECIES			shortridgei		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.2 p.376			N India, Burma	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	pusillus species group. Formerly considered a subspecies of lepidus, but recently captured in sympatry with that species and thus clearly distinct; see Csorba (2002) and Csorba et al. (2003).	Shortridge's Horseshoe Bat
13800647	Rhinolophus siamensis	Gyldenstolpe 1917	SPECIES			siamensis		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Kungliga Svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. vol.57 p.12			Thailand, Laos, Vietnam.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Formerly included in macrotis but apparently distinct, see Francis et al. (1999b) and Hendrichsen et al. (2001b).	Thai Horseshoe Bat
13800648	Rhinolophus silvestris	Aellen 1959	SPECIES			silvestris		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Arch. Sci. Phys. Nat. Geneve vol.12 p.228			Gabon, Republic of Congo.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	ferrumequinum species group. Considered a subspecies of clivosus by Hayman and Hill (1971), but see Koopman (1975), Cotterill (2002), and Csorba et al. (2003). The relationships of silvestris and deckeni are unclear, these forms may be conspecific; see Csorba et al. (2003).	Forest Horseshoe Bat
13800668	Rhinolophus trifoliatus subsp. edax	K. Andersen 1918	SUBSPECIES		edax	trifoliatus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						trifoliatus species group.	
13800669	Rhinolophus trifoliatus subsp. niasensis	K. Andersen 1906	SUBSPECIES		niasensis	trifoliatus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						trifoliatus species group.	
13800649	Rhinolophus simulator	K. Andersen 1904	SPECIES			simulator		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.14 p.384		bembanicus  Senna, 1914; alticolus Sanborn, 1936.	South Africa to S Sudan and Ethiopia; Cameroon; Liberia; Nigeria; Guinea.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	capensis species group. Includes alticolus and bembanicus; see Koopman (1975) and Hayman and Hill (1971).	Bushveld Horseshoe Bat
13800650	Rhinolophus simulator subsp. simulator	K. Andersen 1904	SUBSPECIES		simulator	simulator		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.14 p.384					capensis species group.	
13800651	Rhinolophus simulator subsp. alticolus	Sanborn 1936	SUBSPECIES		alticolus	simulator		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						capensis species group.	
13800652	Rhinolophus sinicus	K. Andersen 1905	SPECIES			sinicus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Royal Soc. Lond. B. vol.2 p.98		septentrionalis  Sanborn, 1939.	S China, Nepal, N India, Vietnam.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	rouxii species group. Previously included in rouxii, but see Thomas (2000). Includes septentrionalis, see Csorba (2002) and Csorba et al. (2003).	Chinese Rufous Horseshoe Bat
13800653	Rhinolophus sinicus subsp. sinicus	K. Andersen 1905	SUBSPECIES		sinicus	sinicus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Royal Soc. Lond. B. vol.2 p.98		&nbsp; 			rouxii species group.	
13800654	Rhinolophus sinicus subsp. septentrionalis	Sanborn 1939	SUBSPECIES		septentrionalis	sinicus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						rouxii species group.	
13800655	Rhinolophus stheno	K. Andersen 1905	SPECIES			stheno		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1905 p.91		microglobosus  Csorba and Jenkins, 1998.	Vietnam, Thailand, Laos, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Java (Indonesia).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	megaphyllus species group. McFarlane and Blood (1986) suggested that characters used by Lekagul and McNeeky (1977) to separate stheno and malayanus may not be reliable, but see Corbet and Hill (1992), Csorba and Jenkins (1998), and Hendrichsen et al. (2001b).	Lesser Brown Horseshoe Bat
13800656	Rhinolophus stheno subsp. stheno	K. Andersen 1905	SUBSPECIES		stheno	stheno		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1905 p.91		&nbsp; 			megaphyllus species group.	
13800657	Rhinolophus stheno subsp. microglobosus	Csorba and Jenkins 1998	SUBSPECIES		microglobosus	stheno		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera							
13800658	Rhinolophus subbadius	Blyth 1844	SPECIES			subbadius		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.13 p.486		garoensis  Dobson, 1872; subbadius Hodgson, 1841 [nomen nudum].	NE India, Nepal, Vietnam, Burma.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Data Deficient.	pusillus species group. Reviewed by Bates and Harrison (1997) and Csorba (1997).	Little Nepalese Horseshoe Bat
13800659	Rhinolophus subrufus	K. Andersen 1905	SPECIES			subrufus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.16 p.283		rufus  Peters, 1861 [not Eydoux and Gervais, 1836]; bunkeri Taylor, 1934.	Philippines except Palawan region.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	euryotis species group. Includes bunkeri; see Lawrence (1939) and Corbet and Hill (1992). Also see Ingle and Heaney (1992).	Small Rufous Horseshoe Bat
13800660	Rhinolophus subrufus subsp. subrufus	K. Andersen 1905	SUBSPECIES		subrufus	subrufus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.16 p.283					euryotis species group.	
13800661	Rhinolophus subrufus subsp. bunkeri	Taylor 1934	SUBSPECIES		bunkeri	subrufus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						euryotis species group.	
13800662	Rhinolophus swinnyi	Gough 1908	SPECIES			swinnyi		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Transvaal Mus. vol.1 p.72		piriensis  Hewitt, 1913; rhodesiae Roberts, 1946.	South Africa, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, S Dem. Rep. Congo, Tanzania, Zanzibar.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	capensis species group. Possibly a subspecies of denti (Koopman, 1993). See Taylor (2000a) for distribution map.	Swinny's Horseshoe Bat
13800663	Rhinolophus thomasi	K. Andersen 1905	SPECIES			thomasi		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1905 p.100		latifolius  Sanborn, 1939.	Burma, Vietnam, Thailand, Laos.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	rouxii species group. Does not include septentrionalis, see Csorba et al. (2003). Also see Corbet and Hill (1992) and Hendrichsen et al. (2001b).	Thomas's Horseshoe Bat
13800664	Rhinolophus thomasi subsp. thomasi	K. Andersen 1905	SUBSPECIES		thomasi	thomasi		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1905 p.100		&nbsp; 			rouxii species group.	
13800665	Rhinolophus thomasi subsp. latifolius	Sanborn 1939	SUBSPECIES		latifolius	thomasi		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						rouxii species group.	
13800666	Rhinolophus trifoliatus	Temminck 1834	SPECIES			trifoliatus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. Physiol. vol.1 p.24		edax  K. Andersen, 1918; niasensis K. Andersen, 1906; solitarius K. Andersen, 1905.	NE India, SW Thailand, and Burma; Peninsular Malaysia, Sarawak, and Sabah (Malaysia); Singapore; Borneo, Sumatra, Riau Archipelago, Banguey Isl, Java, Banka Isl and Nias Isl (Indonesia).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	trifoliatus species group. Includes edax; see Tate (1943) and Corbet and Hill (1992); but also see Chasen (1940). Reviewed by Bates and Harrison (1997).	Trefoil Horseshoe Bat
13800670	Rhinolophus trifoliatus subsp. solitarius	K. Andersen 1905	SUBSPECIES		solitarius	trifoliatus		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera						trifoliatus species group.	
13800671	Rhinolophus virgo	K. Andersen 1905	SPECIES			virgo		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1905 p.88			Philippines.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	megaphyllus species group. Closely related to celebensis; see Corbet and Hill (1992).	Yellow-faced Horseshoe Bat
13800672	Rhinolophus yunanensis	Dobson 1872	SPECIES			yunanensis		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.41 p.336			Yunnan (China), Burma, Thailand, NE India.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	pearsonii species group. Formerly included in pearsonii, but see Lekagul and McNeely (1977) and Yoshiyuki (1990). Reviewed by Bates and Harrison (1997).	Dobson's Horseshoe Bat
13800673	Rhinolophus ziama	Fahr, Vierhaus, Hutterer, and Kock 2002	SPECIES			ziama		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera	Myotis vol.40 p.109			SE Guinea, NW Liberia.	IUCN 2003 Not evaluated (new species). Fahr et al. (2002) suggested that this species be listed as Data Deficient.	maclaudi species group. See Fahr et al. for a key to species of the maclaudi species group.	Ziama Horseshoe Bat
13800674	Hipposideridae	Lydekker 1891	FAMILY						Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	In Flower and Lydekker, Mamm., Living and Extinct p.657		Coelopsinae Tate, 1941.			Treated as a subfamily of Rhinolophidae by Koopman (1993, 1994), McKenna and Bell (1997), Simmons (1998), Simmons and Geisler (1998), and Teeling et al. (2002), but returned to family rank here following Corbet and Hill (1992), Bates and Harrison (1997), Bogdanowicz and Owen (1998), Hand and Kirsch (1998), and numerous other authors. McKenna and Bell (1997) used the name Rhinonycterinae Gray, 1866 for this group, but this has not been accepted by other authors. Although Rhinonycteridae (= Rhinonycterina Gray, 1866) has prioriy over Hipposideridae as a family-group name, nobody other than Gray (1866) used the former name until it was resurrected by McKenna and Bell (1997). Miller (1907) used the name Hipposideridae for this group because Hipposideros Gray, 1831 has priority over Rhinonycteris Gray, 1866 (= Rhinonicteris Gray, 1847). All subsequent authors have followed Miller's (1907) usage of Hipposideridae/inae, and I believe that there is little to be gained by r... [truncated]	
13800677	Asellia	Gray 1838	GENUS					Asellia	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Mag. Zool. Bot. vol.2 p.493	Rhinolophus tridens E. Geoffroy, 1813.					
13800678	Asellia patrizii	DeBeaux 1931	SPECIES			patrizii		Asellia	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova vol.55 p.186			N Ethiopia, Saudi Arabia, and islands in the Red Sea.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	See Moeschler et al. (1990) and Horácek et al. (2000).	Patrizi's Trident Leaf-nosed Bat
13800679	Asellia tridens	E. Geoffroy 1813	SPECIES			tridens		Asellia	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.20 p.265		diluta  Anderson, 1881; pallida Laurent, 1937; italosomalica De Beaux, 1931; murraiana Anderson, 1881.	Pakistan and Afganistan to Israel and Jordan, Iran, Iraq, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Sinai peninsula (NE Egypt), Socotra (Yemen) and Oman; Egypt to Morocco including S Lybia, Tunisia, and Algeria; Senegal, Mauritania, Gambia, Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, Chad, Sudan, S Somalia, and Eritrea; perhaps Zanzibar.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed in part by Owen and Qumiseyeh (1987), Harrison and Bates (1991), Bates and Harrison (1997), and Horácek et al. (2000). Subspecies are poorly delimited, see Owen and Qumiseyeh (1987) and Kock et al. (2002).	Geoffroy's Trident Leaf-nosed Bat
13800680	Asellia tridens subsp. tridens	E. Geoffroy 1813	SUBSPECIES		tridens	tridens		Asellia	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.20 p.265		&nbsp; 				
13800682	Asellia tridens subsp. italosomalica	De Beaux 1931	SUBSPECIES		italosomalica	tridens		Asellia	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera							
13800683	Asellia tridens subsp. murraiana	Anderson 1881	SUBSPECIES		murraiana	tridens		Asellia	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera							
13800684	Aselliscus	Tate 1941	GENUS					Aselliscus	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.1140 p.2	Rhinolophus tricuspidatus Temminck, 1835.				Reviewed by Corbet and Hill (1992).	
13800685	Aselliscus stoliczkanus	Dobson 1871	SPECIES			stoliczkanus		Aselliscus	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal p.106		trifidus  Peters, 1871; wheeleri Osgood, 1932.	Burma, S China, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, W Malaysia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	See Sanborn (1952b).	Stoliczka's Asian Trident Bat
13800725	Hipposideros bicolor subsp. atrox	K. Andersen 1918	SUBSPECIES		atrox	bicolor		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera						bicolor species group.	
13800726	Hipposideros bicolor subsp. erigens	Lawrence 1939	SUBSPECIES		erigens	bicolor		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera						bicolor species group.	
13800686	Aselliscus tricuspidatus	Temminck 1835	SPECIES			tricuspidatus		Aselliscus	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Monogr. Mamm. vol.2 p.20		koopmani  Schlitter, Williams, and Hill, 1983; novaeguinae Schlitter, Williams, and Hill, 1983; novehebridensis Sanborn and Nicholson, 1950.	Molucca Isls, New Guinea, Bismarck Arch., Solomon Isls (including Santa Cruz Isls), Vanuatu (New Hebrides), adjacent small islands.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Revised by Schlitter et al. (1983); also see Hill (1983), Flannery (1995a, b), and Bonaccorso (1998).	Temminck's Asian Trident Bat
13800687	Aselliscus tricuspidatus subsp. tricuspidatus	Temminck 1835	SUBSPECIES		tricuspidatus	tricuspidatus		Aselliscus	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Monogr. Mamm. vol.2 p.20		&nbsp; 				
13800688	Aselliscus tricuspidatus subsp. koopmani	Schlitter, Williams, and Hill 1983	SUBSPECIES		koopmani	tricuspidatus		Aselliscus	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera							
13800689	Aselliscus tricuspidatus subsp. novaeguinae	Schlitter, Williams, and Hill 1983	SUBSPECIES		novaeguinae	tricuspidatus		Aselliscus	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera							
13800690	Aselliscus tricuspidatus subsp. novehebridensis	Sanborn and Nicholson 1950	SUBSPECIES		novehebridensis	tricuspidatus		Aselliscus	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera							
13800691	Cloeotis	Thomas 1901	GENUS					Cloeotis	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.8 p.28	Cloetis percivali Thomas, 1901.				Reviewed by Hill (1982).	
13800692	Cloeotis percivali	Thomas 1901	SPECIES			percivali		Cloeotis	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.8 p.28		australis  Roberts, 1917.	Kenya, Tanzania, S Dem. Rep. Congo, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe, SE Botswana, Swaziland, NE South Africa.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).		Percival's Short-eared Trident Bat
13800693	Cloeotis percivali subsp. percivali	Thomas 1901	SUBSPECIES		percivali	percivali		Cloeotis	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.8 p.28		&nbsp; 				
13800694	Cloeotis percivali subsp. australis	Roberts 1917	SUBSPECIES		australis	percivali		Cloeotis	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera							
13800695	Coelops	Blyth 1848	GENUS					Coelops	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.17 p.251	Coelops frithii Blyth, 1848.	Chilophylla  Miller, 1910.			Includes Chilophylla; see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), also Corbet and Hill (1992).	
13800696	Coelops frithii	Blyth 1848	SPECIES			frithii		Coelops	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.17 p.251		bernsteini  Peters, 1862; formosanus Horikawa, 1928; inflatus Miller, 1928; sinicus Allen, 1928.	Bangladesh and NE India to S China, Thailand, Burma, Laos, Vietnam, south to W Malaysia, Sumatra, and Java and Bali; Taiwan.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997). Malay material has not been allocated to subspecies. Sometimes spelled frithi (e.g., Koopman, 1993).	East Asian Tailless Leaf-nosed Bat
13800697	Coelops frithii subsp. frithii	Blyth 1848	SUBSPECIES		frithii	frithii		Coelops	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.17 p.251		&nbsp; 				
13800698	Coelops frithii subsp. bernsteini	Peters 1862	SUBSPECIES		bernsteini	frithii		Coelops	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera							
13800699	Coelops frithii subsp. formosanus	Horikawa 1928	SUBSPECIES		formosanus	frithii		Coelops	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera							
13800700	Coelops frithii subsp. inflatus	Miller 1928	SUBSPECIES		inflatus	frithii		Coelops	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera							
13800701	Coelops frithii subsp. sinicus	Allen 1928	SUBSPECIES		sinicus	frithii		Coelops	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera							
13800702	Coelops robinsoni	Bonhote 1908	SPECIES			robinsoni		Coelops	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	J. Fed. Malay St. Mus. vol.3 p.4		hirsutus  Miller, 1910.	W Malaysia, Borneo, Philippines. The record from Thailand is in error; see Hill (1983).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt) as C. robinsoni; Data Deficient as C. hirsutus.	Includes hirsutus; see Hill (1972a, 1983) and Corbet and Hill (1992).	Malayan Tailless Leaf-nosed Bat
13800703	Coelops robinsoni subsp. robinsoni	Bonhote 1908	SUBSPECIES		robinsoni	robinsoni		Coelops	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	J. Fed. Malay St. Mus. vol.3 p.4		&nbsp; 				
13800704	Coelops robinsoni subsp. hirsutus	Miller 1910	SUBSPECIES		hirsutus	robinsoni		Coelops	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera							
13800705	Hipposideros	Gray 1831	GENUS					Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Zool. Misc. vol.1 p.37	Vespertilio speoris Schneider, 1800.	Chrysonycteris  Gray, 1866; Cyclorhina Peters, 1871; Gloionycteris Gray, 1866; Phyllorhina Bonaparte, 1837 [not Leach, 1816]; Ptychorhina Peters, 1871; Rhinophylla Gray, 1866 [not Peters, 1865]; Speorifera Gray, 1866; Syndesmotis Peters, 1871; Syndesmotus Waterhouse, 1902 [objective synonym of Syndesmotis Peters]; Thyreorhina Peters, 1871.			Revised by Hill (1963b). The genus is apparently paraphyletic, but alternative phylogenies (e.g., those of Bogdanowicz and Owen [1998] and Hand and Kirsch [1998]) disagree about genus and species relationships. Accordingly, I have retained the traditional contents of Hipposideros pending a thorough revision. Species groups follow Koopman (1994) with some modifications.	
13800706	Hipposideros abae	J. A. Allen 1917	SPECIES			abae		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.37 p.432			Guinea-Bissau to SW Sudan and Uganda.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	speoris species group.	Aba Leaf-nosed Bat
13800762	Hipposideros diadema subsp. euotis	K. Andersen 1905	SUBSPECIES		euotis	diadema		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera						diadema species group.	
13800707	Hipposideros armiger	Hodgson 1835	SPECIES			armiger		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.4 p.699		debilis  K. Andersen, 1906; swinhoei Peters, 1871; fujianensis Zhen, 1987; terasensis Kishida, 1924; tranninhensis Bourret, 1942.	N India, Nepal, Burma, S and SE China, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, Malay Peninsula, Taiwan.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	armiger species group. Includes terasensis, but see Yoshiyuki (1991a) and Pavlinov et al. (1995b). Reviewed in part by Kock (1996) Bates and Harrison (1997), Sinha (1999), and Hendrichsen et al. (2001b).	Great Leaf-nosed Bat
13800708	Hipposideros armiger subsp. armiger	Hodgson 1835	SUBSPECIES		armiger	armiger		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.4 p.699					armiger species group.	
13800709	Hipposideros armiger subsp. fujianensis	Zhen 1987	SUBSPECIES		fujianensis	armiger		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera						armiger species group.	
13800710	Hipposideros armiger subsp. terasensis	Kishida 1924	SUBSPECIES		terasensis	armiger		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera						armiger species group.	
13800711	Hipposideros armiger subsp. tranninhensis	Bourret 1942	SUBSPECIES		tranninhensis	armiger		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera						armiger species group.	
13800712	Hipposideros ater	Templeton 1848	SPECIES			ater		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.17 p.252		atratus  Kelaart, 1850; amboinensis Peters, 1871; antricola Peters, 1861; aruensis Gray, 1858; albanensis Gray, 1866; gilberti Johnson, 1959; nicobarulae Miller, 1902; saevus K. Andersen, 1918; toala Shamel, 1940.	Sri Lanka; India to W Malaysia, through Philippines, Indonesia, and New Guinea to N Queensland, N Northern Territory, and N Western Australia (Australia).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	bicolor species group. Formerly included in bicolor, but see Hill (1963b). Does not include wrighti (here considered a subspecies of cineraceus); see Hill and Francis (1984). Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997); also see Flannery (1995a, b) and Bonaccorso (1998).	Dusky Leaf-nosed Bat
13800713	Hipposideros ater subsp. ater	Templeton 1848	SUBSPECIES		ater	ater		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.17 p.252					bicolor species group.	
13800714	Hipposideros ater subsp. amboinensis	Peters 1871	SUBSPECIES		amboinensis	ater		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera						bicolor species group.	
13800715	Hipposideros ater subsp. antricola	Peters 1861	SUBSPECIES		antricola	ater		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera						bicolor species group.	
13800716	Hipposideros ater subsp. aruensis	Gray 1858	SUBSPECIES		aruensis	ater		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera						bicolor species group.	
13800717	Hipposideros ater subsp. gilberti	Johnson 1959	SUBSPECIES		gilberti	ater		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera						bicolor species group.	
13800718	Hipposideros ater subsp. nicobarulae	Miller 1902	SUBSPECIES		nicobarulae	ater		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera						bicolor species group.	
13800719	Hipposideros ater subsp. saevus	K. Andersen 1918	SUBSPECIES		saevus	ater		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera						bicolor species group.	
13800720	Hipposideros beatus	K. Andersen 1906	SPECIES			beatus		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.17 p.279		maximus  Verschuren, 1957.	Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ghana, Côte dIvoire, Nigeria, Cameroon, Rio Muni (Equatorial Guinea), Gabon, N Dem. Rep. Congo. A previous report of this species from Guinea-Bissau is in error (J. Fahr, pers. comm.).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	bicolor species group.	Benito Leaf-nosed Bat
13800721	Hipposideros beatus subsp. beatus	K. Andersen 1906	SUBSPECIES		beatus	beatus		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.17 p.279		&nbsp; 			bicolor species group.	
13800722	Hipposideros beatus subsp. maximus	Verschuren 1957	SUBSPECIES		maximus	beatus		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera						bicolor species group.	
13800723	Hipposideros bicolor	Temminck 1834	SPECIES			bicolor		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. Physiol. vol.1 p.19		javanicus  Sody, 1937; atrox K. Andersen, 1918; erigens Lawrence, 1939; hilli Kitchener, 1996 [in Kitchener et al., 1996]; major K. Andersen, 1918; selatan Kitchener, 1996 [in Kitchener et al., 1996]; tanimbarensis Kitchener, 1996 [in Kitchener et al., 1996].	Laos, Vietnam, S Thailand, and Malaysia to Borneo and the Philippines; Java, Sumbawa, Seralu, Sumba, Savu, Roti, and Timor Isls (Indonesia), and adjacent small islands. A Cambodian record was rejected by Kock (2000a) and a Bali record was rejected by Kock and Dobat (2000); a Taiwan record is doubtful, see Corbet and Hill (1992).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	bicolor species group. Includes erigens; see Hill (1963b). Does not include pomona, gentilis, or macrobullatus; see Hill et al. (1986). Reviewed in part by Hill (1983), Bergmans and van Bree (1986), Corbet and Hill (1992), Kitchener and Maharadatunkamsi (1995), and Kitchener et al. (1996). Sumbawa specimens have not be allocated to subspecies; see Kitchener et al. (1996). Probably includes more than one species, including cryptic species distinguishable primarily by echolocation call frequencies (see Kingston et al., 2001).	Bicolored Leaf-nosed Bat
13800724	Hipposideros bicolor subsp. bicolor	Temminck 1834	SUBSPECIES		bicolor	bicolor		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. Physiol. vol.1 p.19						
13800727	Hipposideros bicolor subsp. hilli	Kitchener 1996	SUBSPECIES		hilli	bicolor		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	[in Kitchener et al., 1996]					bicolor species group.	
13800728	Hipposideros bicolor subsp. major	K. Andersen 1918	SUBSPECIES		major	bicolor		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera						bicolor species group.	
13800729	Hipposideros bicolor subsp. selatan	Kitchener 1996	SUBSPECIES		selatan	bicolor		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	[in Kitchener et al., 1996]					bicolor species group.	
13800730	Hipposideros bicolor subsp. tanimbarensis	Kitchener 1996	SUBSPECIES		tanimbarensis	bicolor		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	[in Kitchener et al., 1996]					bicolor species group.	
13800731	Hipposideros breviceps	Tate 1941	SPECIES			breviceps		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.78 p.358			Mentawai Isls (Indonesia).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	bicolor species group.	Short-headed Leaf-nosed Bat
13800732	Hipposideros caffer	Sundevall 1846	SPECIES			caffer		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Öfv. Kongl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Forhandl. Stockholm vol.3 4 p.118		aurantiaca  De Beaux, 1924; bicornis Heuglin, 1861; gracilis Peters, 1825; angolensis Seabra, 1898; nanus J. A. Allen, 1917; tephrus Cabrera, 1906; braima Monard, 1939.	SW Arabian Peninsula including Yemen; most of subsaharan Africa except the central forested region; Morocco; Zanzibar and Pemba.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	bicolor species group. Includes tephrus; see Hayman and Hill (1971). Reviewed in part by Harrison and Bates (1991) and Horácek et al. (2000). See Taylor (2000a) for distribution map. Subspecies limits are somewhat unclear, and it is possible that this complex includes more than one species.	Sundevall's Leaf-nosed Bat
13800733	Hipposideros caffer subsp. caffer	Sundevall 1846	SUBSPECIES		caffer	caffer		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Öfv. Kongl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Forhandl. Stockholm vol.3 4 p.118					bicolor species group.	
13800734	Hipposideros caffer subsp. angolensis	Seabra 1898	SUBSPECIES		angolensis	caffer		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera						bicolor species group.	
13800735	Hipposideros caffer subsp. nanus	J. A. Allen 1917	SUBSPECIES		nanus	caffer		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera						bicolor species group.	
13800736	Hipposideros caffer subsp. tephrus	Cabrera 1906	SUBSPECIES		tephrus	caffer		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera						bicolor species group.	
13800824	Hipposideros pygmaeus	Waterhouse 1843	SPECIES			pygmaeus		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1843 p.67			Philippines except Palawan region.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	bicolor species group.	Philippine Pygmy Leaf-nosed Bat
13800737	Hipposideros calcaratus	Dobson 1877	SPECIES			calcaratus		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1877 p.122		cupidus  K. Andersen, 1918.	New Guinea, Bismarck Arch., Solomon Isls, adjacent small islands.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	bicolor species group. Includes cupidus; see Smith and Hill (1981). Does not include maggietaylorae; see Smith and Hill (1981). Also see Flannery (1995a, b) and Bonaccorso (1998).	Spurred Leaf-nosed Bat
13800738	Hipposideros calcaratus subsp. calcaratus	Dobson 1877	SUBSPECIES		calcaratus	calcaratus		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1877 p.122		&nbsp; 			bicolor species group.	
13800739	Hipposideros calcaratus subsp. cupidus	K. Andersen 1918	SUBSPECIES		cupidus	calcaratus		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera						bicolor species group.	
13800740	Hipposideros camerunensis	Eisentraut 1956	SPECIES			camerunensis		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Zool. Jahrb. Abt. Syst. Oekol. Geogr. Tiere vol.84 p.526			Cameroon, E Dem. Rep. Congo, W Kenya.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	cyclops species group.	Cameroon Leaf-nosed Bat
13800741	Hipposideros cervinus	Gould 1854	SPECIES			cervinus		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Mamm. Austr. vol.3 p.pl. 34		celebensis  Sody, 1936; batchianus Matschie, 1901; labuanensis Tomes, 1859; schneidersi Thomas, 1904; misoriensis Peters, 1906.	W Malaysia, Sumatra, and Mindanao (Philippines) to the Mollucca Isls, Vanuatu, and NE Australia. Specimens from Mansuar Isl (Prov. of Papua, Indonesia) may represent cyclotis (Meinig, 2002).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	bicolor species group. Distinct from galeritus; see Flannery (1995a, b). Also see Jenkins and Hill (1981) and Hill (1983).	Fawn-colored Leaf-nosed Bat
13800742	Hipposideros cervinus subsp. cervinus	Gould 1854	SUBSPECIES		cervinus	cervinus		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Mamm. Austr. vol.3 p.pl. 34					bicolor species group.	
13800743	Hipposideros cervinus subsp. batchianus	Matschie 1901	SUBSPECIES		batchianus	cervinus		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera						bicolor species group.	
13800744	Hipposideros cervinus subsp. labuanensis	Tomes 1859	SUBSPECIES		labuanensis	cervinus		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera						bicolor species group.	
13800745	Hipposideros cervinus subsp. misoriensis	Peters 1906	SUBSPECIES		misoriensis	cervinus		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera						bicolor species group.	
13800746	Hipposideros cineraceus	Blyth 1853	SPECIES			cineraceus		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.22 p.410		micropus  Peters, 1872; wrighti Taylor, 1934.	Pakistan and India to Burma, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Sumatra and Borneo; adjacent small islands including Kangean Isls (Indonesia); probably the Philippines.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	bicolor species group. Does not includes durgadasi; see Topál (1975), Khajuria (1982), Corbet and Hill (1992), and Pavlinov et al. (1995b). Includes wrighti, see Hill and Francis (1984). Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997); also see Bonaccorso (1998).	Ashy Leaf-nosed Bat
13800763	Hipposideros diadema subsp. griseus	Meyen 1883	SUBSPECIES		griseus	diadema		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera						diadema species group.	
13800747	Hipposideros cineraceus subsp. cineraceus	Blyth 1853	SUBSPECIES		cineraceus	cineraceus		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.22 p.410					bicolor species group.	
13800748	Hipposideros cineraceus subsp. wrighti	Taylor 1934	SUBSPECIES		wrighti	cineraceus		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera						bicolor species group.	
13800749	Hipposideros commersoni	E. Geoffroy 1813	SPECIES			commersoni		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.20 p.263			Madagascar.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc) (including gigas, vittata, and thomensis, which are now regarded as distinct species).	commersoni species group. Does not include gigas, vittatus (including marungensis) or thomensis, which are now recognized as distinct species based on differences in morphology and echolocation calls (J. Fahr and D. Kock, pers. comm.; D. Lunde, pers. comm.; McWilliam, 1982; Pye, 1972). Reviewed by Peterson et al. (1995).	Commerson's Leaf-nosed Bat
13800750	Hipposideros coronatus	Peters 1871	SPECIES			coronatus		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1871 p.327			NE Mindanao (Philippines).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	bicolor species group. See Ingle and Heaney (1992).	Large Mindanao Leaf-nosed Bat
13800751	Hipposideros corynophyllus	Hill 1985	SPECIES			corynophyllus		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Mammalia vol.49 p.527			C New Guinea.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	cyclops species group. Reviewed by Flannery and Colgan (1993); also see Flannery (1995a) and Bonaccorso (1998).	Telefomin Leaf-nosed Bat
13800752	Hipposideros coxi	Shelford 1901	SPECIES			coxi		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.8 p.113			Sarawak (Borneo, Malaysian part).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	bicolor species group.	Cox's Leaf-nosed Bat
13800753	Hipposideros crumeniferus	Lesueur and Petit 1807	SPECIES			crumeniferus		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	InPeron, Voyage Decouv. Terres Australes, Atlas p.pl. 35			Timor (Indonesia).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Data Deficient.	bicolor species group. Based on palate only; not certainly determinable; see Laurie and Hill (1954) and Hill (1963b). It may represent cervinus, see Corbet and Hill (1992) and Pavlinov et al. (1995b).	Timor Leaf-nosed Bat
13800754	Hipposideros curtus	G. M. Allen 1921	SPECIES			curtus		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Rev. Zool. Afr. vol.9 p.194		sandersoni  Sanderson, 1937.	Cameroon, Bioko (Equatorial Guinea).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	bicolor species group. Includes sandersoni; see Hill (1963b).	Short-tailed Leaf-nosed Bat
13800755	Hipposideros cyclops	Temminck 1853	SPECIES			cyclops		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Esquisses Zool. sur la Côte de Guine p.75		langi  J. A. Allen, 1917; micaceus De Winton, 1897.	Kenya and S Sudan to Senegal and Guinea-Bissau; Bioko (Equatorial Guinea).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	cyclops species group.	Cyclops Leaf-nosed Bat
13800756	Hipposideros demissus	K. Andersen 1909	SPECIES			demissus		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.3 p.268			San Cristobal Isl (Solomon Isls).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	diadema species group. Formerly considered a subspecies of diadema, but apparently distinct; see Kitchener et al. (1992b) and Flannery (1995b).	Makira Leaf-nosed Bat
13800757	Hipposideros diadema	E. Geoffroy 1813	SPECIES			diadema		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.20 p.263		ceramensis  Laurie and Hill, 1954; custos K. Andersen, 1918; enganus K. Andersen, 1907; euotis K. Andersen, 1905; griseus Meyen, 1883; anderseni Taylor, 1934; pullatus K. Andersen, 1905; masoni Dobson, 1872; mirandus Thomas, 1914; natunensis Chasen, 1940; nicobarensis Dobson, 1871; nobilis Horsfield, 1823; vicarius K. Andersen, 1905; oceanitis K. Andersen, 1905; malaitensis Phillips, 1967; reginae Troughton, 1937; speculator K. Andersen, 1918; trobrius Troughton, 1937.	Burma and Vietnam through Thailand, Laos, W Malaysia and Indonesia (including Sumatra, Borneo, and Bali) to New Guinea, Bismarck Arch., Solomon Isls and NE Australia; Philippines; Nicobar Isls. Reports of this species from Cambodia cannot be confirmed (Kock, 2000a).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	diadema species group. Many subspecies are of dubious validity, and several island populations have not been assigned to subspecies. Reviewed in part by Laurie and Hill (1954) and Kitchener et al. (1992b). Does not include demissus and inornatus; see Kitchener et al. (1992b). Also see Flannery (1995a, b) and Bonaccorso (1998). May include ornatus, a name listed as a synonym of diadema by Koopman (1993) but which I have been unable to trace (although it may be a lapsus for inornatus).	Diadem Leaf-nosed Bat
13800758	Hipposideros diadema subsp. diadema	E. Geoffroy 1813	SUBSPECIES		diadema	diadema		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.20 p.263		&nbsp; 			diadema species group.	
13800759	Hipposideros diadema subsp. ceramensis	Laurie and Hill 1954	SUBSPECIES		ceramensis	diadema		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera						diadema species group.	
13800760	Hipposideros diadema subsp. custos	K. Andersen 1918	SUBSPECIES		custos	diadema		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera						diadema species group.	
13800761	Hipposideros diadema subsp. enganus	K. Andersen 1907	SUBSPECIES		enganus	diadema		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera						diadema species group.	
13800764	Hipposideros diadema subsp. masoni	Dobson 1872	SUBSPECIES		masoni	diadema		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera						diadema species group.	
13800765	Hipposideros diadema subsp. mirandus	Thomas 1914	SUBSPECIES		mirandus	diadema		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera						diadema species group.	
13800766	Hipposideros diadema subsp. natunensis	Chasen 1940	SUBSPECIES		natunensis	diadema		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera						diadema species group.	
13800767	Hipposideros diadema subsp. nicobarensis	Dobson 1871	SUBSPECIES		nicobarensis	diadema		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera						diadema species group.	
13800768	Hipposideros diadema subsp. nobilis	Horsfield 1823	SUBSPECIES		nobilis	diadema		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera						diadema species group.	
13800769	Hipposideros diadema subsp. oceanitis	K. Andersen 1905	SUBSPECIES		oceanitis	diadema		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera						diadema species group.	
13800770	Hipposideros diadema subsp. reginae	Troughton 1937	SUBSPECIES		reginae	diadema		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera						diadema species group.	
13800771	Hipposideros diadema subsp. speculator	K. Andersen 1918	SUBSPECIES		speculator	diadema		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera						diadema species group.	
13800772	Hipposideros diadema subsp. trobrius	Troughton 1937	SUBSPECIES		trobrius	diadema		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera						diadema species group.	
13800773	Hipposideros dinops	K. Andersen 1905	SPECIES			dinops		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.16 p.502			Solomon Isls; Bougainville Isl (Papua New Guinea).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	diadema species group. Does not include pelingensis; see discussion under that species. See Flannery (1995b) and Bonaccorso (1998).	Fierce Leaf-nosed Bat
13800790	Hipposideros hypophyllus	Kock and Bhat 1994	SPECIES			hypophyllus		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Senk. Biol. vol.73 p.26			S India.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	bicolor species group. Reviewed by Bates and Harrison (1997).	Leafletted Leaf-nosed Bat
13800774	Hipposideros doriae	Peters 1871	SPECIES			doriae		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1871 p.326		sabanus  Thomas, 1898.	W Malaysia, Sarawak and Sabah (Malaysia), Borneo and Sumatra (Indonesia).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc) as H. sabanus; Data Deficient as H. doriae.	bicolor species group. Includes sabanus, see Hill (1963b) and Benda (2000). Lectotype designated by Benda (2000).	Bornean Leaf-nosed Bat
13800775	Hipposideros durgadasi	Khajuria 1970	SPECIES			durgadasi		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Mammalia vol.64 p.623			C India.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	bicolor species group. Formerly included in cineraceus, but see see Topál (1975), Khajuria (1982), and Corbet and Hill (1992). Reviewed by Bates and Harrison (1997).	Durga Das's Leaf-nosed Bat
13800776	Hipposideros dyacorum	Thomas 1902	SPECIES			dyacorum		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.9 p.271			Borneo (including Sarawak, Malaysia), Peninsular Thailand.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	bicolor species group.	Dayak Leaf-nosed Bat
13800777	Hipposideros edwardshilli	Flannery and Colgan 1993	SPECIES			edwardshilli		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Rec. Aust. Mus. vol.45 p.45			NW Papua New Guinea.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	cyclops species group. See Flannery (1995a) and Bonaccorso (1998).	Hill's Leaf-nosed Bat
13800778	Hipposideros fuliginosus	Temminck 1853	SPECIES			fuliginosus		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Esquisses Zool. sur la Côte de Guine p.77			Sierra Leone and Liberia to Dem. Rep. Congo. Ethiopian records represent another, possibly undescribed, species (J. Fahr, pers. comm.).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	bicolor species group.	Sooty Leaf-nosed Bat
13800779	Hipposideros fulvus	Gray 1838	SPECIES			fulvus		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Mag. Zool. Bot. vol.2 p.492		atra  Fitzinger, 1870 [not Templeton, 1848]; aurita Tomes, 1859; fulgens Elliot, 1839; murinus Gray, 1838; pallidus K. Andersen, 1918.	Afganistan, India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan to Vietnam.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	bicolor species group. Reviewed by Bates and Harrison (1997).	Fulvus Leaf-nosed Bat
13800780	Hipposideros fulvus subsp. fulvus	Gray 1838	SUBSPECIES		fulvus	fulvus		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Mag. Zool. Bot. vol.2 p.492					bicolor species group.	
13800781	Hipposideros fulvus subsp. pallidus	K. Andersen 1918	SUBSPECIES		pallidus	fulvus		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera						bicolor species group.	
13800782	Hipposideros galeritus	Cantor 1846	SPECIES			galeritus		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.15 p.183		brachyotis  Dobson, 1874; insolens Lyon, 1911; longicauda Peters, 1861.	Sri Lanka and India through SE Asia (including Burma, Thailand, and Peninsular Malaysia) to Java and Borneo; Sanana Isl (Sula Group, Moluccas Isls). A record from Bali is possibly erroneous; see Kock and Dobat (2000).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	bicolor species group. Includes longicauda; see Hill (1963b). Formerly included cervinus; but see Jenkins and Hill (1981). Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997); also see Flannery (1995b).	Cantor's Leaf-nosed Bat
13800783	Hipposideros galeritus subsp. galeritus	Cantor 1846	SUBSPECIES		galeritus	galeritus		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.15 p.183		&nbsp; 			bicolor species group.	
13800784	Hipposideros galeritus subsp. brachyotis	Dobson 1874	SUBSPECIES		brachyotis	galeritus		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera						bicolor species group.	
13800785	Hipposideros galeritus subsp. insolens	Lyon 1911	SUBSPECIES		insolens	galeritus		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera						bicolor species group.	
13800786	Hipposideros galeritus subsp. longicauda	Peters 1861	SUBSPECIES		longicauda	galeritus		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera						bicolor species group.	
13800787	Hipposideros gigas	Wagner 1845	SPECIES			gigas		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Arch. Naturgesch. vol.11 1 p.148		gambiensis  K. Andersen, 1906; niangarae J. A. Allen, 1917.	Kenya, Tanzania, Angola, Central African Republic, Uganda, Dem. Rep. Congo, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea (incl. Bioko), Cameroon, Nigeria and west to Senegal. The range of this taxon may be more extensive and is currently under review (J. Fahr, pers. comm.)	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	commersoni species group. Formerly included in commersoni, but clearly distinct based on differences in morphology and echolocation calls (J. Fahr and D. Kock, pers. comm.; D. Lunde, pers. comm.; McWilliam, 1982; Pye, 1972). Reviewed in part by Peterson et al. (1995). Some West African specimens identified as gigas may represent vittatus (J. Fahr, pers. comm.).	Giant Leaf-nosed Bat
13800788	Hipposideros grandis	G. M. Allen 1936	SPECIES			grandis		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Rec. Indian Mus. vol.38 p.345			Burma, Thailand, and Vietnam.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	larvatus species group. Distinct from larvatus; see Kitchener and Maryanto (1993a).	Grand Leaf-nosed Bat
13800789	Hipposideros halophyllus	Hill and Yenbutra 1984	SPECIES			halophyllus		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Zool. vol.47 p.77			Thailand.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	bicolor species group.	Thailand Leaf-nosed Bat
13800899	Rhinopoma hardwickii subsp. arabium	Thomas 1913	SUBSPECIES		arabium	hardwickii		Rhinopoma	Rhinopomatidae	Chiroptera							
13800791	Hipposideros inexpectatus	Laurie and Hill 1954	SPECIES			inexpectatus		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	List of land mammals of New Guinea, Celebes, and adjacent islands p.60			N Sulawesi (Indonesia).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	diadema species group.	Crested Leaf-nosed Bat
13800792	Hipposideros inornatus	McKean 1970	SPECIES	Hipposideros diadema inornatus		inornatus		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	West. Aust. Nat. vol.11 6 p.138			Northern Territory (Australia).	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	diadema species group. Formerly considered a subspecies of diadema, but apparently distinct; see Kitchener et al. (1992b). Also see Churchill (1998).	McKean's Leaf-nosed Bat
13800793	Hipposideros jonesi	Hayman 1947	SPECIES			jonesi		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 11 vol.14 p.71			Sierra Leone and Guinea to Mali, Burkina Faso and Nigeria.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	bicolor species group.	Jones's Leaf-nosed Bat
13800794	Hipposideros lamottei	Brosset 1985	SPECIES			lamottei		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Mammalia vol.48 p.548			Mt. Nimba on Guinea-Liberia border.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Data Deficient.	bicolor species group. Distinction from ruber is not entirely clear.	Lamotte's Leaf-nosed Bat
13800795	Hipposideros lankadiva	Kelaart 1850	SPECIES			lankadiva		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	J. Sri Lanka Branch Asiat. Soc. vol.2 2 p.216		indus  K. Andersen, 1918; mixtus K. Andersen, 1918; schistaceus K. Andersen, 1918; unitus K. Andersen, 1918.	Sri Lanka, S and C India.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Data Deficient as H. schistaceus; Lower Risk (lc) as H. lankadiva.	diadema species group. Includes schistaceus; see Bates and Harrison (1997) and Srivinasulu and Srivinasulu (2001). Multiple subspecies have been recognized by some authors, but these do not appear justified; see Sinha (1999), although also see Srinivasulu and Srinivasulu (2001).	Indian Leaf-nosed Bat
13800796	Hipposideros larvatus	Horsfield 1823	SPECIES			larvatus		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Zool. Res. Java vol.6 p.Rhinolophus larvatus, pl. and 10 unno. pp		deformis  Horsfield, 1823; insignis Horsfield, 1823; vulgaris Horsfield, 1823; barbensis Miller, 1900; leptophyllus Dobson, 1874; neglectus Sody, 1936; poutensis Allen, 1906.	N and E India and Bangladesh; Yunnan, Kwangsi and Hainan (China); Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam; W Malaysia to Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and adjacent small islands including Kangean Isls (Indonesia).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	larvatus species group. Does not include grandis and sumbae; see Kitchner and Maryantu (1993), who revised this complex. See also Hill (1963) and Sinha (1999). Subspecies limits and validity are uncertain. Does not include alongensis, see Topál (1993).	Intermediate Leaf-nosed Bat
13800797	Hipposideros larvatus subsp. larvatus	Horsfield 1823	SUBSPECIES		larvatus	larvatus		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Zool. Res. Java vol.6 p.Rhinolophus larvatus, pl. and 10 unno. pp					larvatus species group.	
13800798	Hipposideros larvatus subsp. barbensis	Miller 1900	SUBSPECIES		barbensis	larvatus		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera							
13800799	Hipposideros larvatus subsp. leptophyllus	Dobson 1874	SUBSPECIES		leptophyllus	larvatus		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera							
13800802	Hipposideros lekaguli	Thonglongya and Hill 1974	SPECIES			lekaguli		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Mammalia vol.38 p.286			Thailand; peninsular Malaysia; Luzon (Philippines).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	diadema species group.	Large Asian Leaf-nosed Bat
13800803	Hipposideros lylei	Thomas 1913	SPECIES			lylei		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.12 p.88			Burma, Vietnam, Thailand, W Malaysia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	pratti species group. Reviewed by Hendrichsen et al. (2001b) and Robinson et al. (2003).	Shield-faced Leaf-nosed Bat
13800804	Hipposideros macrobullatus	Tate 1941	SPECIES			macrobullatus		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Bull Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.78 p.357			Sulawesi, Seram (Molucca Isls) and Kangean Isls (Indonesia).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	bicolor species group. Formerly included in bicolor, but see Hill et al. (1986) and Bergmans and van Bree (1986). May be conspecific with pomona; see Corbet and Hill (1992).	Big-eared Leaf-nosed Bat
13800805	Hipposideros madurae	Kitchener and Maryanto 1993	SPECIES			madurae		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Rec. West. Aust. Mus. vol.16 p.132		jenningsi  Kitchener and Maryanto, 1993.	Madura Isl, C Java (Indonesia).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	larvatus species group.	Maduran Leaf-nosed Bat
13700191	Crocidura rapax subsp. rapax	G. Allen 1923	SUBSPECIES		rapax	rapax		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Amer. Mus. Novit. vol.100 p.9						
13800806	Hipposideros madurae subsp. madurae	Kitchener and Maryanto 1993	SUBSPECIES		madurae	madurae		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Rec. West. Aust. Mus. vol.16 p.132		&nbsp; 			larvatus species group.	
13800807	Hipposideros madurae subsp. jenningsi	Kitchener and Maryanto 1993	SUBSPECIES		jenningsi	madurae		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera						larvatus species group.	
13800823	Hipposideros pratti	Thomas 1891	SPECIES			pratti		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.7 p.527			S China, Burma, Thailand, Vietnam, W Malaysia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	pratti species group. Reviewed by Hendrichsen et al. (2001b) and Robinson et al. (2003).	Pratt's Leaf-nosed Bat
13800808	Hipposideros maggietaylorae	Smith and Hill 1981	SPECIES			maggietaylorae		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Los Angeles Cty. Mus. Contrib. Sci. vol.331 p.9		erroris  Smith and Hill, 1981.	New Guinea (possibly extending as far west as Waigeo Isl.), Bismarck Arch.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	bicolor species group. Formerly confused with calcaratus; see Smith and Hill (1981). Also see Flannery (1995a, b), Bonaccorso (1998), and Meinig (2002).	Maggie Taylor's Leaf-nosed Bat
13800809	Hipposideros maggietaylorae subsp. maggietaylorae	Smith and Hill 1981	SUBSPECIES		maggietaylorae	maggietaylorae		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Los Angeles Cty. Mus. Contrib. Sci. vol.331 p.9		&nbsp; 			bicolor species group.	
13800810	Hipposideros maggietaylorae subsp. erroris	Smith and Hill 1981	SUBSPECIES		erroris	maggietaylorae		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera						bicolor species group.	
13800811	Hipposideros marisae	Aellen 1954	SPECIES			marisae		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Rev. Suisse Zool. vol.61 p.474			Côte dIvoire, Liberia, Guinea.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	bicolor species group.	Aellen's Leaf-nosed Bat
13800812	Hipposideros megalotis	Heuglin 1862	SPECIES			megalotis		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol., Halle vol.29 8 p.4, 8			Saudi Arabia, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, and Kenya. A record from Somalia is erroneous (M. Happold, pers. comm.)	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	megalotis species group. Sometimes placed in the subgenus Syndesmotis; see Legendre (1982) and Gaucher and Brosset (1990). Also see Hill (1963b).	Large-eared Leaf-nosed Bat
13800813	Hipposideros muscinus	Thomas and Doria 1886	SPECIES			muscinus		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova vol.4 p.201			New Guinea.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	cyclops species group. See Flannery (1995a) and Bonaccorso (1998).	Fly River Leaf-nosed Bat
13800814	Hipposideros nequam	K. Andersen 1918	SPECIES			nequam		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.2 p.380			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Critically Endangered.	bicolor species group. Known only from the holotype; see Hill (1963b).	Malayan Leaf-nosed Bat
13800815	Hipposideros obscurus	Peters 1861	SPECIES			obscurus		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1861 p.707			Philippines except Palawan region.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	bicolor species group.	Philippine Forest Leaf-nosed Bat
13800816	Hipposideros orbiculus	Francis, Kock, and Habersetzer 1999	SPECIES			orbiculus		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Senkenbergiana Biol. vol.79 p.259			Sumatra (Indonesia); Peninsular Malaysia.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	bicolor species group.	Orbiculus Leaf-nosed Bat
14000101	Leopardus pajeros subsp. steinbachi	Pocock 1941	SUBSPECIES		steinbachi	pajeros		Leopardus	Felidae	Carnivora							
13800817	Hipposideros papua	Thomas and Doria 1886	SPECIES			papua		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova vol.4 p.204			Biak and Numfoor Isls, W New Guinea, and N Molucca Isls.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	bicolor species group. See Hill and Rozendaal (1989) and Flannery (1995a, b).	Biak Leaf-nosed Bat
13800850	Paracoelops megalotis	Dorst 1947	SPECIES			megalotis		Paracoelops	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Bull. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris, ser. 2 vol.19 p.436			C Vietnam.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Critically Endangered.	Known only from the badly damaged holotype.	Vietnamese Leaf-nosed Bat
13800818	Hipposideros pelingensis	Shamel 1940	SPECIES			pelingensis		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	J. Mammal. vol.21 p.353			Peleng Isl and Sulawesi (Indonesia).	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	diadema species group. Hill (1963b, 1983) followed Tate (1941) in treating pelingensis as a subspecies of dinops, but these taxa (which are separated by 1,800 km with no known populations on the many islands in between) are diagnosably distinct; see Flannery (1995b). H. pelingensis is therefore provisionally treated here as a separate species pending further study.	Peleng Leaf-nosed Bat
13800819	Hipposideros pomona	K. Andersen 1918	SPECIES			pomona		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.2 p.380, 381		gentilis  K. Andersen, 1918; sinensis K. Andersen, 1918.	Bangladesh and India to Burma, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, S China and W Malaysia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	bicolor species group. Formerly included in bicolor but see Hill et al (1986). May be conspecific with macrobullatus; see Corbet and Hill (1992). Some specimens from peninsular India previously referred to this species were subsequently removed to form the type series of hypophyllus. Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997) and Hendrichsen et al. (2001b).	Pomona Leaf-nosed Bat
13800820	Hipposideros pomona subsp. pomona	K. Andersen 1918	SUBSPECIES		pomona	pomona		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.2 p.380, 381		&nbsp; 			bicolor species group.	
13800821	Hipposideros pomona subsp. gentiles	K. Andersen 1918	SUBSPECIES		gentiles	pomona		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera						bicolor species group.	
13800822	Hipposideros pomona subsp. sinensis	K. Andersen 1918	SUBSPECIES		sinensis	pomona		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera						bicolor species group.	
13800825	Hipposideros ridleyi	Robinson and Kloss 1911	SPECIES			ridleyi		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	J. Fed. Malay St. Mus. vol.4 p.241			Penninsular Malaysia, Singapore, N Borneo.	U.S. ESA  Endangered. IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	bicolor species group. Reviewed by Francis et al. (1999a).	Ridley's Leaf-nosed Bat
13800826	Hipposideros rotalis	Francis, Kock, and Habersetzer 1999	SPECIES			rotalis		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Senkenbergiana Biol. vol.79 p.266			Laos.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	bicolor species group.	Laotian Leaf-nosed Bat
13800827	Hipposideros ruber	Noack 1893	SPECIES			ruber		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Zool. Jahrb. Abt. Syst. Oekol. Geogr. Tiere vol.7 p.586		centralis  K. Andersen, 1906; niapu J. A. Allen, 1917; guineensis K. Andersen, 1906.	Senegal and Gambia to Ethiopia, south to Angola, Zambia, Malawi, and Mozambique; Bioko (Equatorial Guinea); São Tomé and Principe.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	bicolor species group. Included in caffer by Hill (1963b), but clearly distinct; see Lawrence (1964), Kock (1969a), Heller (1992), Jones et al. (1993), and Cotterill (2001f). Subspecies limits are problematic, and it is possible that this complex includes more than one species.	Noack's Leaf-nosed Bat
13800828	Hipposideros ruber subsp. ruber	Noack 1893	SUBSPECIES		ruber	ruber		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Zool. Jahrb. Abt. Syst. Oekol. Geogr. Tiere vol.7 p.586					bicolor species group.	
13800829	Hipposideros ruber subsp. guineensis	K. Andersen 1906	SUBSPECIES		guineensis	ruber		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera						bicolor species group.	
13800830	Hipposideros scutinares	Robinson, Jenkins, Francis, and Fulford 2003	SPECIES			scutinares		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Acta. Chiropt. vol.5 p.33			Laos, Vietnam.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	pratti species group.	Shield-nosed Leaf-nosed Bat
13800831	Hipposideros semoni	Matschie 1903	SPECIES			semoni		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Denks. Med. Nat. Ges. Jena (Semon Zool. Forsch. Austr.) vol.8 p.774 (Heft 6:132)			N Queensland (Australia), E New Guinea.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	cyclops species group. See Flannery (1995a) and Bonaccorso (1998).	Semon's Leaf-nosed Bat
13800832	Hipposideros sorenseni	Kitchener and Maryanto 1993	SPECIES			sorenseni		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Rec. West. Aust. Mus. vol.16 p.142			C and W Java (Indonesia).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	larvatus species group.	Sorensen's Leaf-nosed Bat
13800851	Rhinonicteris	Gray 1847	GENUS					Rhinonicteris	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1847 p.16	Rhinolophus aurantius Gray, 1845.				Rhinonicteris is the original spelling, but Rhinonycteris Gray, 1866, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866:81, is sometimes used. Reviewed by Hill (1982) who spelled it Rhinonycteris.	
13800833	Hipposideros speoris	Schneider 1800	SPECIES			speoris		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	In Schreber, Die Säugethiere p.pl. 59b		apiculatus  Gray, 1838; aureus Kelaart, 1853; blythi Kelaart, 1953; dukhunensis Sykes, 1831; marsupialis Desmarest, 1820; penicillatus Gray, 1838; pulchellus K. Andersen, 1918; templetonii Kelaart, 1850.	India, Sri Lanka.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	speoris species group. Reviewed by Bates and Harrison (1997).	Schneider's Leaf-nosed Bat
13800834	Hipposideros stenotis	Thomas 1913	SPECIES			stenotis		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.12 p.206			Northern Territory, N Western Australia and N Queensland (Australia). A New Guinea record is probably erroneous, see Hill (1963b:87).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	cyclops species group.	Narrow-eared Leaf-nosed Bat
13800835	Hipposideros sumbae	Oei 1960	SPECIES			sumbae		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Hemera Zoa vol.67 p.28		rotiensis  Kitchener and Maryanto, 1993; sumbawae Kitchener and Maryanto, 1993.	Sumba, Roti, Sumbawa, Flores, Semau, and Savu Isls (Indonesia).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	larvatus species group. Distinct from larvatus; see Kitchener and Maryanto (1993a). Lectotype designated by van Bree (1961).	Sumban Leaf-nosed Bat
13800836	Hipposideros sumbae subsp. sumbae	Oei 1960	SUBSPECIES		sumbae	sumbae		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Hemera Zoa vol.67 p.28		&nbsp; 			larvatus species group.	
13800837	Hipposideros sumbae subsp. rotiensis	Kitchener and Maryanto 1993	SUBSPECIES		rotiensis	sumbae		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera						larvatus species group.	
13800838	Hipposideros sumbae subsp. sumbawae	Kitchener and Maryanto 1993	SUBSPECIES		sumbawae	sumbae		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera						larvatus species group.	
13800839	Hipposideros thomensis	Bocage 1891	SPECIES			thomensis		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	J. Sci. Math. Phys. Nat. Lisboa vol.2 2 p.88			Saõ Tomé Isl.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	commersoni species group. Formerly included in commersoni, but apparently distinct (J. Fahr and D. Kock, pers. comm.).	Saõ Tomé leaf-nosed Bat
13800840	Hipposideros turpis	Bangs 1901	SPECIES			turpis		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Am. Nat. vol.35 p.561		alongensis  Bourret, 1942; pendleburyi Chasen, 1936.	Peninsular Thailand and Vietnam; Ryukyu Isls (Japan).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Endangered.	armiger species group. Distinct from armiger; see Hill (1963b), Yoshiyuki (1989), and Hendrichsen et al. (2001b). Includes alongensis, see Topál (1993).	Lesser Leaf-nosed Bat
13800841	Hipposideros turpis subsp. turpis	Bangs 1901	SUBSPECIES		turpis	turpis		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Am. Nat. vol.35 p.561		&nbsp; 			armiger species group.	
13800842	Hipposideros turpis subsp. alongensis	Bourret 1942	SUBSPECIES		alongensis	turpis		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera						armiger species group.	
13800843	Hipposideros turpis subsp. pendleburyi	Chasen 1936	SUBSPECIES		pendleburyi	turpis		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera						armiger species group.	
13800844	Hipposideros vittatus	Peters 1852	SPECIES			vittatus		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Naturwiss. Reise Mossambique, Säugeth. p.32		marungensis Noack, 1887; mostellum Thomas, 1904; viegasi Monard, 1939.	Ethiopia, Somalia, Kenya, Tanzania (incl. Pemba, Chumbwe and Zanzibar Isl), Malawi, Mozambique (incl. Ibo Isl), Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Dem. Rep. Congo, Angola, Namibia, South Africa, Guinea-Bissau. May occur throughout much of West Africa in sympatry with gigas, but distribution is presently unclear; it is likely considerably more extensive than given here (J. Fahr, pers. comm.)	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	commersoni species group. Includes maurngensis (J. Fahr, pers. comm.); also see Hayman and Hill (1971). Formerly included in commersoni, but clearly distinct based on differences in morphology and echolocation calls (J. Fahr and D. Kock, pers. comm.; McWilliam, 1982; Pye, 1972). Reviewed in part by Peterson et al. (1995). The status of viegasi is unclear, but it probably represents vittatus (J. Fahr, pers. comm.)	Striped Leaf-nosed Bat
13800845	Hipposideros wollastoni	Thomas 1913	SPECIES			wollastoni		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.12 p.205		fasensis  Flannery and Colgan, 1993; parnabyi Flannery and Colgan, 1993.	W and C New Guinea.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	cyclops species group. Revised by Flannery and Colgan (1993); also see Flannery (1995a) and Bonaccorso (1998).	Wollaston's Leaf-nosed Bat
13800846	Hipposideros wollastoni subsp. wollastoni	Thomas 1913	SUBSPECIES		wollastoni	wollastoni		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.12 p.205		&nbsp; 			cyclops species group.	
13800847	Hipposideros wollastoni subsp. fasensis	Flannery and Colgan 1993	SUBSPECIES		fasensis	wollastoni		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera						cyclops species group.	
13800848	Hipposideros wollastoni subsp. parnabyi	Flannery and Colgan 1993	SUBSPECIES		parnabyi	wollastoni		Hipposideros	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera						cyclops species group.	
13800849	Paracoelops	Dorst 1947	GENUS					Paracoelops	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Bull. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris, ser. 2 vol.19 p.436	Paracoelops megalotis Dorst, 1947.					
13800867	Lavia frons subsp. affinis	K. Andersen and Wroughton 1907	SUBSPECIES		affinis	frons		Lavia	Megadermatidae	Chiroptera							
13800970	Balantiopteryx plicata subsp. plicata	Peters 1867	SUBSPECIES		plicata	plicata		Balantiopteryx	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1867 p.476						
13800852	Rhinonicteris aurantia	Gray 1845	SPECIES			aurantia		Rhinonicteris	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	In Eyre, Central Australia vol.1 p.405			N Western Australia, Northern Territory and NW Queensland (Australia).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	Sometimes spelled "aurantius", but "aurantia" is the correct spelling in combination with Rhinonicteris. Reviewed by Armstrong (2002).	Orange Leaf-nosed Bat
13800853	Triaenops	Dobson 1871	GENUS					Triaenops	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.40 p.455	Triaenops persicus Dobson, 1871.				Reviewed by Hill (1982); see also Peterson et al. (1995).	
13700241	Crocidura vosmaeri	Jentink 1888	SPECIES			vosmaeri		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Notes Leyden Mus. vol.10 p.165			Banka Isl and perhaps also Sumatra.		Revised by Ruedi (1995). May be related to C. beccarii.	Banka Shrew
13800854	Triaenops auritus	Grandidier 1912	SPECIES			auritus		Triaenops	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.18 p.8			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Data Deficient.	Known only from the holotype. Often included in furculus (e.g., Hayman and Hill, 1971; Koopman, 1993, 1994), but see Peterson et al. (1995). Originally spelled aurita but emended to auritus by Peterson et al. (1995), presumably to agree in gender with the generic epithet.	Grandidier's Trident Bat
13800855	Triaenops furculus	Trouessart 1906	SPECIES			furculus		Triaenops	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	Bull. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.1906 7 p.446			N and W Madagascar, Aldabra and Cosmoledo Isls (Seychelles).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	Does not includes auritus; see Peterson et al. (1995), but also see Hayman and Hill (1971). Originally spelled furcula but emended to furculus by Hill (1982), presumably to agree in gender with the generic epithet. May include furinea Tate, 1941, possibly a lapsus for furcula (see discussion in Hill, 1982).	Trouessart's Trident Bat
13800900	Rhinopoma hardwickii subsp. cystops	Thomas 1903	SUBSPECIES		cystops	hardwickii		Rhinopoma	Rhinopomatidae	Chiroptera							
13800901	Rhinopoma hardwickii subsp. sondaicum	Van Cakenberghe and De Vree 1994	SUBSPECIES		sondaicum	hardwickii		Rhinopoma	Rhinopomatidae	Chiroptera							
13800955	Taphozous nudiventris subsp. zayidi	Harrison 1955	SUBSPECIES		zayidi	nudiventris	Liponycteris	Taphozous	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera							
13800856	Triaenops persicus	Dobson 1871	SPECIES			persicus		Triaenops	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.40 p.455		macdonaldi  Harrison, 1955; afer Peters, 1876; majusculus Aellen and Brosset, 1968.	Somalia, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Angola, Zanzibar, Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Yemen, Oman, Republic of Congo, Iran, Pakistan.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	See Hayman and Hill (1971) and Hill (1982) for discussion of contents. Does not include rufus; see Peterson et al. (1995). It is possible that majusculus represents a distinct species; see Cotterill (2001a). Reviewed in part by DeBlase (1980), Harrison and Bates (1991), and Bates and Harrison (1997). See Taylor (2000a) for distribution map.	Persian Trident Bat
13800857	Triaenops persicus subsp. persicus	Dobson 1871	SUBSPECIES		persicus	persicus		Triaenops	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.40 p.455						
13800858	Triaenops persicus subsp. afer	Peters 1876	SUBSPECIES		afer	persicus		Triaenops	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera							
13800859	Triaenops persicus subsp. majusculus	Aellen and Brosset 1968	SUBSPECIES		majusculus	persicus		Triaenops	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera							
13800860	Triaenops rufus	Milne-Edwards 1881	SPECIES			rufus		Triaenops	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera	C. R. Hebd. Séanc. Acad, Sci., Paris vol.91 p.1035		humbolti  Milne-Edwards, 1881.	E and C Madagascar.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Data Deficient.	Often included in persicus (e.g., Koopman, 1993, 1994), but see Peterson et al. (1995).	Rufous Trident Bat
13800861	Megadermatidae	H. Allen 1864	FAMILY						Megadermatidae	Chiroptera	Monogr. Bats N. Am. p.pp. xxiii, 1.					For discussion of the correct formation of the family name, see Handley (1980). Hand (1985, 1996) and Griffiths et al. (1992) have provided alternative phylogenies for the group. No subfamilies are presently recognized.	
13800862	Cardioderma	Peters 1873	GENUS					Cardioderma	Megadermatidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1873 p.488	Megaderma cor Peters, 1872.					
13800863	Cardioderma cor	Peters 1872	SPECIES			cor		Cardioderma	Megadermatidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1872 p.194			Ethiopia, Djibouti, Somalia, Kenya, Uganda, E Sudan, Tanzania, Zanzibar.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).		Heart-nosed Bat
13800864	Lavia	Gray 1838	GENUS					Lavia	Megadermatidae	Chiroptera	Mag. Zool. Bot. vol.2 p.490	Megaderma frons E. Geoffroy, 1810.	Livia  Agassiz, 1846 [misspelling].				
13800865	Lavia frons	E. Geoffroy 1810	SPECIES			frons		Lavia	Megadermatidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.15 p.192		affinis  K. Andersen and Wroughton, 1907; rex Miller, 1905.	Senegal and Gambia to Somalia, south to Namibia, Zambia, and Malawi; Zanzibar.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	See Vonhof and Kalcounis (1999).	Yellow-winged Bat
13800866	Lavia frons subsp. frons	E. Geoffroy 1810	SUBSPECIES		frons	frons		Lavia	Megadermatidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.15 p.192		&nbsp; 				
13800869	Macroderma	Miller 1906	GENUS					Macroderma	Megadermatidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.19 p.84	Megaderma gigas Dobson, 1880.					
13800870	Macroderma gigas	Dobson 1880	SPECIES			gigas		Macroderma	Megadermatidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1880 p.461		saturata  Douglas, 1962.	N and C Australia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	See Hudson and Wilson (1986).	Australian False Vampire Bat
13800971	Balantiopteryx plicata subsp. pallida	Burt 1948	SUBSPECIES		pallida	plicata		Balantiopteryx	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera							
13800871	Megaderma	E. Geoffroy 1810	GENUS					Megaderma	Megadermatidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.15 p.197	Vespertilio spasma Linnaeus, 1758.	Eucheira  Hodgson, 1847 [not Eucheira Westwood, 1838, an insect]; Lyroderma Peters, 1872; Spasma Gray, 1866.			Includes Lyroderma, but see Hand (1985). Two subgenera (Megaderma and Lyroderma) are recognized here following Corbet and Hill (1992).	
13800872	Megaderma	E. Geoffroy 1810	SUBGENUS				Megaderma	Megaderma	Megadermatidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.15 p.197	Vespertilio spasma Linnaeus, 1758.					
13800873	Lyroderma	Peters 1872	SUBGENUS				Lyroderma	Megaderma	Megadermatidae	Chiroptera							
13800874	Megaderma lyra	E. Geoffroy 1810	SPECIES			lyra	Lyroderma	Megaderma	Megadermatidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.15 p.190		carnatica  Elliot, 1839; caurina K. Andersen and Wroughton, 1907; schistacea Hodgson, 1847; spectrum Wagner, 1844; sinensis K. Andersen and Wroughton, 1907.	Afghanistan to S China, Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam; south to Sri Lanka and W Malaysia; Bangladesh.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Lyroderma. Reviewed in part by Bates et al. (1994) and Bates and Harrison (1997).	Greater False Vampire Bat
13800875	Megaderma lyra subsp. lyra	E. Geoffroy 1810	SUBSPECIES		lyra	lyra	Lyroderma	Megaderma	Megadermatidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.15 p.190						
13800876	Megaderma lyra subsp. sinensis	K. Andersen and Wroughton 1907	SUBSPECIES		sinensis	lyra	Lyroderma	Megaderma	Megadermatidae	Chiroptera							
13800877	Megaderma spasma	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			spasma	Megaderma	Megaderma	Megadermatidae	Chiroptera	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.32 (based on Seba, 1734, Locupletissimi rerum naturalium... p. 90)		abditum  Chasen, 1940; carimatae Miller, 1906; celebensis Shamel, 1940; ceylonense K. Andersen, 1918; horsfieldii Blyth, 1863; kinabalu Chasen, 1940; lasiae Lyon, 1916; majus K. Andersen, 1918; medium K. Andersen, 1918; minus K. Andersen, 1918; naisense Lyon, 1916; natunae K. Andersen and Wroughton, 1907; pangandarana Sody, 1936; philippinensis Waterhouse, 1843; siumatis Lyon, 1916; trifolium Geoffroy, 1810.	Sri Lanka and India through SE Asia (including Vietnam) to Lesser Sundas, the Philippines and Molucca Isls, various adjacent islands.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Megaderma. See Bergmans and van Bree (1986) for discussion of subspecies limits in the Indonesian region. Boundaries of some subspecies are unclear. Reviewed in part by Hill (1983) and Bates and Harrison (1997); also see Flannery (1995b).	Lesser False Vampire Bat
13800878	Megaderma spasma subsp. spasma	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		spasma	spasma	Megaderma	Megaderma	Megadermatidae	Chiroptera	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.32 (based on Seba, 1734, Locupletissimi rerum naturalium... p. 90)		&nbsp; 				Lesser False Vampire Bat
13800879	Megaderma spasma subsp. abditum	Chasen 1940	SUBSPECIES		abditum	spasma	Megaderma	Megaderma	Megadermatidae	Chiroptera							
13800880	Megaderma spasma subsp. carimatae	Miller 1906	SUBSPECIES		carimatae	spasma	Megaderma	Megaderma	Megadermatidae	Chiroptera							
13800881	Megaderma spasma subsp. celebensis	Shamel 1940	SUBSPECIES		celebensis	spasma	Megaderma	Megaderma	Megadermatidae	Chiroptera							
13800882	Megaderma spasma subsp. ceylonense	K. Andersen 1918	SUBSPECIES		ceylonense	spasma	Megaderma	Megaderma	Megadermatidae	Chiroptera							
13800883	Megaderma spasma subsp. horsfieldii	Blyth 1863	SUBSPECIES		horsfieldii	spasma	Megaderma	Megaderma	Megadermatidae	Chiroptera							
13800884	Megaderma spasma subsp. kinabalu	Chasen 1940	SUBSPECIES		kinabalu	spasma	Megaderma	Megaderma	Megadermatidae	Chiroptera							
13800885	Megaderma spasma subsp. lasiae	Lyon 1916	SUBSPECIES		lasiae	spasma	Megaderma	Megaderma	Megadermatidae	Chiroptera							
13800886	Megaderma spasma subsp. majus	K. Andersen 1918	SUBSPECIES		majus	spasma	Megaderma	Megaderma	Megadermatidae	Chiroptera							
13800887	Megaderma spasma subsp. medium	K. Andersen 1918	SUBSPECIES		medium	spasma	Megaderma	Megaderma	Megadermatidae	Chiroptera							
13800888	Megaderma spasma subsp. minus	K. Andersen 1918	SUBSPECIES		minus	spasma	Megaderma	Megaderma	Megadermatidae	Chiroptera							
13800889	Megaderma spasma subsp. naisense	Lyon 1916	SUBSPECIES		naisense	spasma	Megaderma	Megaderma	Megadermatidae	Chiroptera							
13800890	Megaderma spasma subsp. natunae	K. Andersen and Wroughton 1907	SUBSPECIES		natunae	spasma	Megaderma	Megaderma	Megadermatidae	Chiroptera							
13800891	Megaderma spasma subsp. pangandarana	Sody 1936	SUBSPECIES		pangandarana	spasma	Megaderma	Megaderma	Megadermatidae	Chiroptera							
13800892	Megaderma spasma subsp. philippinensis	Waterhouse 1843	SUBSPECIES		philippinensis	spasma	Megaderma	Megaderma	Megadermatidae	Chiroptera							
13700254	Feroculus	Kelaart 1852	GENUS					Feroculus	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Prodr. Faun. Zeylanica p.31	Sorex macropus Blyth, 1851 (= Sorex feroculus Kelaart, 1850).				For placement in Crocidurinae see Repenning (1967:15).	
13800894	Megaderma spasma subsp. trifolium	Geoffroy 1810	SUBSPECIES		trifolium	spasma	Megaderma	Megaderma	Megadermatidae	Chiroptera							
13800895	Rhinopomatidae	Bonaparte 1838	FAMILY						Rhinopomatidae	Chiroptera	Syn. Vert. Syst., in Nuovi Ann. Sci. Nat., Bologna vol.2 p.111		Rhinopomidae Miller, 1911.			Monogeneric.	
13801045	Saccopteryx canescens subsp. pumila	Thomas 1914	SUBSPECIES		pumila	canescens		Saccopteryx	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera							
13800896	Rhinopoma	E. Geoffroy 1818	GENUS					Rhinopoma	Rhinopomatidae	Chiroptera	Descrip. de L'Egypte vol.2 p.113	Vespertilio microphyllus Brünnich, 1782.	Rhinopomus  Gervais, 1854.			Revised by Van Cakenberghe and De Vree (1994), who provided a key to species; also see Hill (1977b), Bates and Harrison (1997), and Kock et al. (2001).	
13800897	Rhinopoma hardwickii	Gray 1831	SPECIES			hardwickii		Rhinopoma	Rhinopomatidae	Chiroptera	Zool. Misc. vol.1 p.37		arabium  Thomas, 1913; ferox Stresemann, 1954; sennaariense Fitzinger, 1866 [nomen nudum; validated by Kock, 1969]; cystops Thomas, 1903; sondaicum Van Cakenberghe and De Vree, 1994. <u>Not allocated to subspecies</u>: brevicaudatum Gray, 1831 [not available; International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, Opinion 417, 1956]; longicaudatum Fitzinger 1866 [nomen nudum].	Morocco to Burma, south to Mauritania, Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, and Kenya; Socotra Isl (Yemen).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	See Qumsiyeh and Jones (1986), Harrison and Bates (1991), and Kock et al. (2001). Does not include macinnesi; see Van Cakenberghe and De Vree (1994). Sometimes spelled hardwickei (because the species was named after Major General Hardwicke), but the original spelling is hardwickii (see Kock et al., 2001). I follow Corbet and Hill (1992) and Kock et al. (2001) in using the original spelling.	Lesser Mouse-tailed Bat
13800898	Rhinopoma hardwickii subsp. hardwickii	Gray 1831	SUBSPECIES		hardwickii	hardwickii		Rhinopoma	Rhinopomatidae	Chiroptera	Zool. Misc. vol.1 p.37		&nbsp; 				
13800902	Rhinopoma macinnesi	Hayman 1937	SPECIES			macinnesi		Rhinopoma	Rhinopomatidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 10 vol.19 p.530			Kenya, Somalia, Eritrea, and Ethiopia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	Considered a subspecies of hardwickei by Koopman (1975, 1993, 1994) but see Van Cakenberghe and De Vree (1994).	MacInnes's Mouse-tailed Bat
13800903	Rhinopoma microphyllum	Brünnich 1782	SPECIES			microphyllum		Rhinopoma	Rhinopomatidae	Chiroptera	Dyrenes Historie vol.1 p.50		cordofanicum  Heuglin, 1877; hadithaensis Khajuria, 1988; harrisoni Schlitter and Deblase, 1974; lepsianum Peters, 1859; tropicalis Kock, 1969; asirensis Nader and Kock, 1982; kinneari Wroughton, 1912; sumatrae Thomas, 1903.	Morocco, Mauritania, Senegal, Burkina Faso, and Nigeria to Afghanistan, Pakista, and India; possibly Burma; Thailand; N Sumatra.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed in part by Harrison and Bates (1991) and Kock et al. (2001). Includes hadithaensis, see Kock et al. (2001). Subspecies nomenclature revised by Van Cakenberghe and De Vree (1994); also see Pearch et al. (2001).	Greater Mouse-tailed Bat
13800904	Rhinopoma microphyllum subsp. microphyllum	Brünnich 1782	SUBSPECIES		microphyllum	microphyllum		Rhinopoma	Rhinopomatidae	Chiroptera	Dyrenes Historie vol.1 p.50						
13800905	Rhinopoma microphyllum subsp. asirensis	Nader and Kock 1982	SUBSPECIES		asirensis	microphyllum		Rhinopoma	Rhinopomatidae	Chiroptera							
13800906	Rhinopoma microphyllum subsp. kinneari	Wroughton 1912	SUBSPECIES		kinneari	microphyllum		Rhinopoma	Rhinopomatidae	Chiroptera							
13800907	Rhinopoma microphyllum subsp. sumatrae	Thomas 1903	SUBSPECIES		sumatrae	microphyllum		Rhinopoma	Rhinopomatidae	Chiroptera							
13800908	Rhinopoma muscatellum	Thomas 1903	SPECIES			muscatellum		Rhinopoma	Rhinopomatidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.11 p.498		pusillum  Thomas, 1920; seianum Thomas, 1913.	United Arab Emirates, Oman, Yemen, SW Iran, S Afghanistan, W Pakistan, SW India.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Ethiopian specimens referred to this species actually represent macinnesi; see Van Cakenberghe and de Vree (1994). Reviewed by Kock et al. (2001). Also see Qumsiyeh and Jones (1986) and Harrison and Bates (1991).	Small Mouse-tailed Bat
13800909	Rhinopoma muscatellum subsp. muscatellum	Thomas 1903	SUBSPECIES		muscatellum	muscatellum		Rhinopoma	Rhinopomatidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.11 p.498						
13800910	Rhinopoma muscatellum subsp. seianum	Thomas 1913	SUBSPECIES		seianum	muscatellum		Rhinopoma	Rhinopomatidae	Chiroptera							
13800911	Craseonycteridae	Hill 1974	FAMILY						Craseonycteridae	Chiroptera	Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Zool. vol.27 p.303					Monotypic.	
13800912	Craseonycteris	Hill 1974	GENUS					Craseonycteris	Craseonycteridae	Chiroptera	Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Zool. vol.27 p.304	Craseonycteris thonglongyai Hill, 1974.					
13800913	Craseonycteris thonglongyai	Hill 1974	SPECIES			thonglongyai		Craseonycteris	Craseonycteridae	Chiroptera	Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Zool. vol.27 p.305			Thailand, Burma	U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Endangered.	See Hill and Smith (1981) and Bates et al. (2001).	Hog-nosed Bat
13800947	Taphozous melanopogon subsp. cavaticus	Hollister 1913	SUBSPECIES		cavaticus	melanopogon	Taphozous	Taphozous	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera							
13800914	Emballonuridae	Gervais 1855	FAMILY						Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	In F. Comte de Castelnau, Exped. Partes Cen. Am. Sud., Zool.(Sec. 7) vol.Vol. 1 pt. 2(Mammifères) p.p. 62 footnote					For alternative phylogenies see Barghoorn (1977), Robbins and Sarich (1988), Griffiths and Smith (1991), and Dunlop (1998).	
13800915	Taphozoinae	Jerdon 1867	SUBFAMILY						Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Mammals of India p.30					Equivalent to Tribe Taphozoini of McKenna and Bell (1997).	
13800916	Saccolaimus	Temminck 1838	GENUS					Saccolaimus	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. Physiol. vol.5 p.14	Taphozous saccolaimus Temminck, 1838.	Taphonycteris  Dobson, 1876.			Considered a subgenus of Taphozous by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), Corbet and Hill (1980, 1992), and Bates and Harrison (1997), but see Barghoorn (1977), Robbins and Sarich (1988), and Chimimba and Kitchener (1991). Key to species provided by Chimimba and Kitchener (1991).	
13800917	Saccolaimus flaviventris	Peters 1866 "1867"	SPECIES			flaviventris		Saccolaimus	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1866 p.430		hargravei  Ramsay, 1876; insignis Leche, 1884.	Australia (except Tasmania), SE New Guinea.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Revised by Chimimba and Kitchener (1991). Also see Flannery (1995a) and Bonaccorso (1998).	Yellow-bellied Pouched Bat
13800918	Saccolaimus mixtus	Troughton 1925	SPECIES			mixtus		Saccolaimus	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Rec. Aust. Mus. vol.14 p.322			SE New Guinea, NE Queensland (Australia).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	Reviewed by Chimimba and Kitchener (1991). Also see Flannery (1995a) and Bonaccorso (1998).	Troughton's Pouched Bat
13800919	Saccolaimus peli	Temminck 1853	SPECIES			peli		Saccolaimus	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Esquisses Zool. sur la Côte de Guiné p.82			Liberia to W Kenya south to Angola.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).		Pel's Pouched Bat
13800937	Taphozous kapalgensis	McKean and Friend 1979	SPECIES			kapalgensis	Taphozous	Taphozous	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Vict. Nat. vol.96 p.239			Northern Territory (Australia).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	Subgenus Taphozous. Reviewed by Chimimba and Kitchener (1991).	Arnhem Tomb Bat
13800996	Emballonura alecto subsp. anambensis	Miller 1900	SUBSPECIES		anambensis	alecto		Emballonura	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera						alectospecies group.	
13800920	Saccolaimus saccolaimus	Temminck 1838	SPECIES			saccolaimus		Saccolaimus	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. Physiol. vol.5 p.14		affinis  Dobson, 1875; flavimaculatus Sody, 1931; crassus Blyth, 1844; pulcher Blyth, 1844; nudicluniatus De Vis, 1905; granti Thomas, 1911; pluto Miller, 1910; capito Hollister, 1913.	Bangladesh, India, and Sri Lanka through SE Asia (including Burma, Cambodia, Thailand, and the Nicobar Isls) to the Philippines, Sulawesi, and Borneo, Sumatra, Java, Bali, and Timor (Indonesia); New Guinea; New Britain and Bougainville Isls (Papua New Guinea); NE Queensland (Australia); Guadalcanal Isl (Solomon Isls).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Corbet and Hill (1980) listed nudicluniatus as a distinct species without comment. Includes pulcher; see Medway (1977) and Goodwin (1979). Includes pluto; see Corbet and Hill (1992). Reviewed in part by Chimimba and Kitchener (1991) and Bates and Harrison (1997); also see Flannery (1995b) and Bonaccorso (1998).	Naked-rumped Pouched Bat
13800921	Saccolaimus saccolaimus subsp. saccolaimus	Temminck 1838	SUBSPECIES		saccolaimus	saccolaimus		Saccolaimus	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. Physiol. vol.5 p.14		&nbsp; 				
13800922	Saccolaimus saccolaimus subsp. affinis	Dobson 1875	SUBSPECIES		affinis	saccolaimus		Saccolaimus	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera							
13800923	Saccolaimus saccolaimus subsp. crassus	Blyth 1844	SUBSPECIES		crassus	saccolaimus		Saccolaimus	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera							
13800924	Saccolaimus saccolaimus subsp. nudicluniatus	De Vis 1905	SUBSPECIES		nudicluniatus	saccolaimus		Saccolaimus	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera							
13800925	Saccolaimus saccolaimus subsp. pluto	Miller 1910	SUBSPECIES		pluto	saccolaimus		Saccolaimus	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera							
13800926	Taphozous	E. Geoffroy 1818	GENUS					Taphozous	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Descrip. de L'Egypte vol.2 p.113	Taphozous perforatus E. Geoffroy, 1818.	Liponycteris  Thomas, 1922.			Includes Liponycteris but not Saccolaimus; see Hayman and Hill (1971), Barghoorn (1977), Robbins and Sarich (1988), and Chimimba and Kitchener (1991), though also see Corbet and Hill (1992). Key to Australian species provided by Chimimba and Kitchener (1991). Two subgenera are recognized, Taphozous and Liponycteris.	
13800927	Taphozous	E. Geoffroy 1818	SUBGENUS				Taphozous	Taphozous	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Descrip. de L'Egypte vol.2 p.113	Taphozous perforatus E. Geoffroy, 1818.					
13800928	Liponycteris	Thomas 1922	SUBGENUS				Liponycteris	Taphozous	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera							
13700281	Suncus montanus subsp. niger	Horsfield 1851	SUBSPECIES		niger	montanus		Suncus	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13800929	Taphozous achates	Thomas 1915	SPECIES			achates	Taphozous	Taphozous	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. vol.24 p.60		minor  Kitchener, 1995 [in Kitchener and Suyanto, 1995].	Kei, Savu, Roti, Semau, and Nusa Penida Isls (Indonesia); possibly Timor.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	Subgenus Taphozous. Formerly included in melanopogon, but see Kitchener et al. (1993b) and Kitchener and Suyanto (1995). Also see Flannery (1995b).	Indonesian Tomb Bat
13800930	Taphozous achates subsp. achates	Thomas 1915	SUBSPECIES		achates	achates	Taphozous	Taphozous	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. vol.24 p.60		&nbsp; 				
13800931	Taphozous achates subsp. minor	Kitchener 1995	SUBSPECIES		minor	achates	Taphozous	Taphozous	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	[in Kitchener and Suyanto, 1995]						
13800932	Taphozous australis	Gould 1854	SPECIES			australis	Taphozous	Taphozous	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Mamm. Aust. p.3		fumosus  De Vis, 1905.	N Queensland (Australia), Torres Strait Isls, SE New Guinea.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Taphozous. Includes fumosus; see Troughton (1925) and Chimimba and Kitchener (1991). Tate (1952) included georgianus in this species, but see McKean and Price (1967) and Chimimba and Kitchener (1991). Also see Flannery (1995a) and Bonaccorso (1998).	Coastal Tomb Bat
13800968	Balantiopteryx io	Thomas 1904	SPECIES			io		Balantiopteryx	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.13 p.252			S Veracruz and Oaxaca (Mexico) to EC Guatemala and Belize.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	See Arroyo-Cabrales and Jones (1988b).	Thomas's Sac-winged Bat
13800933	Taphozous georgianus	Thomas 1915	SPECIES			georgianus	Taphozous	Taphozous	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. vol.24 p.62			N and W Australia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Taphozous. McKean and Price (1967) and Koopman (1993, 1994) included troughtoni in this species, but see Chimimba and Kitchener (1991).	Sharp-nosed Tomb Bat
13800934	Taphozous hamiltoni	Thomas 1920	SPECIES			hamiltoni	Liponycteris	Taphozous	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.5 p.142			S Sudan, Chad, Kenya, possibly Somalia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	Subgenus Liponycteris.	Hamilton's Tomb Bat
13800935	Taphozous hildegardeae	Thomas 1909	SPECIES			hildegardeae	Taphozous	Taphozous	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.4 p.98			Kenya, NE Tanzania, Zanzibar.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	Subgenus Taphozous. See Colket and Wilson (1998).	Hildegarde's Tomb Bat
13800936	Taphozous hilli	Kitchener 1980	SPECIES			hilli	Taphozous	Taphozous	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Rec. W. Aust. Mus. vol.8 p.162			Western Australia, South Australia, and Northern Territory.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Taphozous. Reviewed by Chimimba and Kitchener (1991).	Hill's Tomb Bat
13800938	Taphozous longimanus	Hardwicke 1825	SPECIES			longimanus	Taphozous	Taphozous	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol.14 p.525		brevicaudus  Blyth, 1841; cantorii Blyth, 1842; fulvidus Blyth, 1841; albipinnis Thomas, 1898; kampenii Jentink, 1907; leucopleurus Dobson, 1875.	Sri Lanka; India and Bangladesh to Burma, Cambodia, and Thailand; Peninsular Malaysia; Sumatra, Borneo, Java, Bali, Sumbawa, and Flores (Indonesia).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Taphozous. Reviewed in part by Bates et al. (1994) and Bates and Harrison (1997).	Long-winged Tomb Bat
13800939	Taphozous longimanus subsp. longimanus	Hardwicke 1825	SUBSPECIES		longimanus	longimanus	Taphozous	Taphozous	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol.14 p.525						
13800940	Taphozous longimanus subsp. albipinnis	Thomas 1898	SUBSPECIES		albipinnis	longimanus	Taphozous	Taphozous	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera							
13800941	Taphozous longimanus subsp. kampenii	Jentink 1907	SUBSPECIES		kampenii	longimanus	Taphozous	Taphozous	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera							
13800942	Taphozous longimanus subsp. leucopleurus	Dobson 1875	SUBSPECIES		leucopleurus	longimanus	Taphozous	Taphozous	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera							
13800943	Taphozous mauritianus	E. Geoffroy 1818	SPECIES			mauritianus	Taphozous	Taphozous	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Descrip. de L'Egypte vol.2 p.127		cinerascens  Seabra, 1900; dobsoni Jentink, 1879; leucopterus Temminck, 1835.	South Africa to Sudan and Somalia to Senegal; Mauritius and Réunion Isls (Mascarene Isls); São Tomé and Princepe; Madagascar; Assumption Isl and Aldabra Isl.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Taphozous. Reviewed in part by Peterson et al. (1995); also see Taylor (2000a).	Mauritian Tomb Bat
13800944	Taphozous melanopogon	Temminck 1841	SPECIES			melanopogon	Taphozous	Taphozous	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Monogr. Mamm. vol.2 p.287		bicolor  Temminck, 1841; cavaticus Hollister, 1913; fretensis Thomas, 1916; phillipinensis Waterhouse, 1845; solifer Hollister, 1913.	Sri Lanka; India; Burma; Thailand; Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam; S China; Malay Peninsula and adjacent islands; Borneo; Sumatra, Java, Lombok, Sumbawa, Moyo, Alor, Timor, and Sulawesi (Indonesia), Philippines.	IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc); IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc) as T. melanopogon and T. solifer.	Subgenus Taphozous. Does not includes achates; see Kitchener et al. (1993b). Includes phillipinensis; see Heaney et al. (1987, 1998) and Corbet and Hill (1992). Reviewed in part by Bates et al. (1994) and Bates and Harrison (1997); also see Flannery (1995b). Rediagnosed by Kitchener et al. (1993b). Sulawesi and Kei populations have not be allocated to subspecies.	Black-bearded Tomb Bat
13800945	Taphozous melanopogon subsp. melanopogon	Temminck 1841	SUBSPECIES		melanopogon	melanopogon	Taphozous	Taphozous	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Monogr. Mamm. vol.2 p.287		&nbsp; 				
13800946	Taphozous melanopogon subsp. bicolor	Temminck 1841	SUBSPECIES		bicolor	melanopogon	Taphozous	Taphozous	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera							
13800948	Taphozous melanopogon subsp. fretensis	Thomas 1916	SUBSPECIES		fretensis	melanopogon	Taphozous	Taphozous	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera							
13800949	Taphozous melanopogon subsp. phillipinensis	Waterhouse 1845	SUBSPECIES		phillipinensis	melanopogon	Taphozous	Taphozous	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera							
13800969	Balantiopteryx plicata	Peters 1867	SPECIES			plicata		Balantiopteryx	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1867 p.476		ochoterenai  Martínez and Villa, 1938; pallida Burt, 1948.	Costa Rica to C Sonora and S Baja California (Mexico); N Colombia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	See Arroyo-Cabrales and Jones (1988a).	Gray Sac-winged Bat
13800950	Taphozous nudiventris	Cretzschmar 1830	SPECIES			nudiventris	Liponycteris	Taphozous	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	In Rüppell, Atlas Reise Nördl. Afr., Zool. Säugeth. p.70		assabensis  Monticelli, 1885; nudiventer Temminck, 1841; kachhensis Dobson, 1872; magnus Wettstein, 1913; babylonicus Thomas, 1915; nudaster Thomas, 1915; zayidi Harrison, 1955. <u>Not allocated to subspecies</u>: serratus Heuglin, 1877 [see comments].	Mauritania, Senegal, and Guinea-Bissau to Djibouti, Egypt, Jordan, and NE Turkey, south to Tanzania and east to Burma.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Liponycteris. Includes kachhensis; see Felten (1962) and Bates and Harrison (1997). Formerly included in genus Liponycteris; see Hayman and Hill (1977). Reviewed in part by Bates et al. (1994) as kachhensis. Also see Harrison and Bates (1991). May include serratus Heuglin, 1877, an enigmatic taxon variously referred to either Taphozous nudiventris (e.g., G. M. Allen, 1939; Koopman, 1993) or Scotophilus leucogaster (e.g., G. M. Allen, 1939; Koopman, 1975) but which may not represent either of those species.	Naked-rumped Tomb Bat
13800951	Taphozous nudiventris subsp. nudiventris	Cretzschmar 1830	SUBSPECIES		nudiventris	nudiventris	Liponycteris	Taphozous	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	In Rüppell, Atlas Reise Nördl. Afr., Zool. Säugeth. p.70						
13800952	Taphozous nudiventris subsp. kachhensis	Dobson 1872	SUBSPECIES		kachhensis	nudiventris	Liponycteris	Taphozous	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera							
13800953	Taphozous nudiventris subsp. magnus	Wettstein 1913	SUBSPECIES		magnus	nudiventris	Liponycteris	Taphozous	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera							
13800954	Taphozous nudiventris subsp. nudaster	Thomas 1915	SUBSPECIES		nudaster	nudiventris	Liponycteris	Taphozous	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera							
13800956	Taphozous perforatus	E. Geoffroy 1818	SPECIES			perforatus	Taphozous	Taphozous	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Descrip. de L'Egypte vol.2 p.126		maritimus  Heuglin, 1877; haedinus Thomas, 1915; senegalensis Desmarest, 1820; swirae Harrison, 1958 sudani Thomas, 1915; australis Harrison, 1962 [not Gould, 1854]; rhodesiae Harrison, 1964 [replacement name for australis].	Mauritania and Senegal to Botswana, Mozambique, Somalia, Djibouti and Egypt; S Arabia; Jordan; S Iran; Pakistan; NW India.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Taphozous. Includes senegalensis and sudani; see Hayman and Hill (1977). Reviewed by Bates et al. (1994) and Bates and Harrison (1997); see also Meester et al. (1986), Harrison and Bates (1991), and Taylor (2000a). Subspecies are poorly defined.	Egyptian Tomb Bat
13800957	Taphozous perforatus subsp. perforatus	E. Geoffroy 1818	SUBSPECIES		perforatus	perforatus	Taphozous	Taphozous	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Descrip. de L'Egypte vol.2 p.126						
13800958	Taphozous perforatus subsp. haedinus	Thomas 1915	SUBSPECIES		haedinus	perforatus	Taphozous	Taphozous	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera							
13800959	Taphozous perforatus subsp. senegalensis	Desmarest 1820	SUBSPECIES		senegalensis	perforatus	Taphozous	Taphozous	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera							
13800960	Taphozous perforatus subsp. sudani	Thomas 1915	SUBSPECIES		sudani	perforatus	Taphozous	Taphozous	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera							
13800961	Taphozous theobaldi	Dobson 1872	SPECIES			theobaldi	Taphozous	Taphozous	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal p.152		secatus  Thomas, 1915.	C India to Vietnam; Java, Borneo and Sulawesi. A record from Malaysia appears to be in error; see Medway (1969).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Taphozous. Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997).	Theobald's Tomb Bat
13800962	Taphozous theobaldi subsp. theobaldi	Dobson 1872	SUBSPECIES		theobaldi	theobaldi	Taphozous	Taphozous	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal p.152		&nbsp; 				
13800963	Taphozous theobaldi subsp. secatus	Thomas 1915	SUBSPECIES		secatus	theobaldi	Taphozous	Taphozous	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera							
13800964	Taphozous troughtoni	Tate 1952	SPECIES			troughtoni	Taphozous	Taphozous	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat, Hist. vol.98 p.563			NW Queensland (Australia).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Critically Endangered.	Subgenus Taphozous. Included in georgianus by McKean and Price (1967) and Koopman (1993, 1994), but see Chimimba and Kitchener (1991).	Troughton's Tomb Bat
13800965	Emballonurinae	Gervais 1855	SUBFAMILY						Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	In F. Comte de Castelnau, Exped. Partes Cen. Am. Sud., Zool. (Sec. 7) vol.Vol. 1 pt. 2 (Mammifères) p.p. 62 footnote					McKenna and Bell (1997) divided this subfamily into two tribes, Emballonurini Gervais, 1855 (Mosia, Emballonura, Coleura) and Diclidurini Gray, 1866 (Neotropical emballonurids). However, both of these groups may be paraphyletic as so defined (Dunlop, 1998). Accordingly, I do not recognize tribes within Emballonurinae at this time. For a key to Neotropical species see Jones and Hood (1993).	
13800966	Balantiopteryx	Peters 1867	GENUS					Balantiopteryx	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1867 p.476	Balantiopteryx plicata Peters, 1867.				Revised by Hill (1987); also see Arroyo-Cabrales and Jones (1988a) and Jones and Hood (1993).	
13800967	Balantiopteryx infusca	Thomas 1897	SPECIES			infusca		Balantiopteryx	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.20 p.546			W Ecuador, Colombia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Endangered.	Reviewed by Hill (1987), Arroyo-Cabrales and Jones (1988b), and McCarthy et al. (2000).	Ecuadorian Sac-winged Bat
13800972	Centronycteris	Gray 1838	GENUS					Centronycteris	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Mag. Zool. Bot. vol.2 p.499	Vespertilio calcaratus Schinz, 1821 (preoccupied by Rafinesque, 1818) (= Vespertilio maximiliani, J. Fischer, 1829).				Revised by Simmons and Handley (1998). The two species have not yet been found in sympatry, but their ranges may overlap in NE Peru (Hice and Solari, 2002).	
13800973	Centronycteris centralis	Thomas 1912	SPECIES			centralis		Centronycteris	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.10 p.638			S Mexico to SE Peru.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Formerly included in maximiliani but clearly distinct, see Simmons and Handley (1998).	Thomas's Shaggy Bat
13800974	Centronycteris maximiliani	J. Fischer 1829	SPECIES			maximiliani		Centronycteris	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Synopsis Mamm. p.122		calcaratus  Schinz, 1821 [preoccupied by calcaratus Rafinesque, 1818]; wiedi Palmer, 1898.	NE Peru, S Venezuela, Brazil, Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Does not include centralis, see Simmons and Handley (1998).	Shaggy Bat
13800975	Coleura	Peters 1867	GENUS					Coleura	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1867 p.479	Emballonura afra Peters, 1852.					
13800976	Coleura afra	Peters 1852	SPECIES			afra		Coleura	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Reise nach Mossambique, Säugethiere p.51		gallarum  Thomas, 1915; kummeri Monard, 1939; nilosa Thomas, 1915.	Guinea-Bissau to Somalia and Djibouti, south to Angola, Dem. Rep. Congo, and Mozambique; Yemen.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes kummeri, see Rosevear (1965). Also see Harrison and Bates (1991) and Dunlop (1997).	African Sheath-tailed Bat
13800997	Emballonura alecto subsp. palawanensis	Taylor 1934	SUBSPECIES		palawanensis	alecto		Emballonura	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera						alectospecies group.	
13800977	Coleura seychellensis	Peters 1868	SPECIES			seychellensis		Coleura	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1868 p.367		silhouettae  Thomas, 1915.	Seychelle Isls; possibly Zanzibar. The Zanzibar record is extremely dubious (Koopman, 1993).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Critically Endangered.		Seychelles Sheath-tailed Bat
13800978	Coleura seychellensis subsp. seychellensis	Peters 1868	SUBSPECIES		seychellensis	seychellensis		Coleura	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1868 p.367		&nbsp; 				
13800979	Coleura seychellensis subsp. silhouettae	Thomas 1915	SUBSPECIES		silhouettae	seychellensis		Coleura	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera							
13800980	Cormura	Peters 1867	GENUS					Cormura	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1867 p.475	Emballonura brevirostris Wagner, 1843.	Myropteryx  Miller, 1906.			Reviewed by Jones and Hood (1993).	
13800981	Cormura brevirostris	Wagner 1843	SPECIES			brevirostris		Cormura	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Arch. Naturgesch., ser. 9 vol.1 p.367		pullus  Miller, 1906.	Nicaragua south to Peru and C Brazil.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	See Bernard (2003).	Chestnut Sac-winged Bat
13800982	Cyttarops	Thomas 1913	GENUS					Cyttarops	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.11 p.134	Cyttarops alecto Thomas, 1913.					
13800983	Cyttarops alecto	Thomas 1913	SPECIES			alecto		Cyttarops	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.11 p.135			Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Guyana, French Guiana, Amazonian Brazil.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Reviewed by Jones and Hood (1993); also see Starrett (1972). See Emmons (1997) for distribution map.	Short-eared Bat
13800984	Diclidurus	Wied-Neuwied 1819 "1820"	GENUS					Diclidurus	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Isis von Oken vol.1819 p.1629	Diclidurus albus Wied-Neuwied, 1820.	Depanycteris  Thomas, 1920.			Includes Depanycteris. Reviewed by Jones and Hood (1993); also see Ojasiti and Linares (1971) and Ceballos and Medellín (1988). Two subgenera are recognized, Diclidurus and Depanycteris.	
13800985	Diclidurus	Wied-Neuwied 1819 "1820"	SUBGENUS				Diclidurus	Diclidurus	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Isis von Oken vol.1819 p.1629	Diclidurus albus Wied-Neuwied, 1820.					
13800986	Depanycteris	Thomas 1920	SUBGENUS				Depanycteris	Diclidurus	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera							
13800987	Diclidurus albus	Wied-Neuwied 1819 "1820"	SPECIES			albus	Diclidurus	Diclidurus	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Isis von Oken vol.1819 p.1630		freyreisii  Wied, 1838; virgo Thomas, 1903.	Nayarit (Mexico) to E Brazil and Trinidad.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Diclidurus. Includes virgo; see Goodwin (1969), but see also Ojasti and Linares (1971). Corbet and Hill (1980) listed virgo as a distinct species without comment. See Ceballos and Medellín (1988).	Northern Ghost Bat
13800988	Diclidurus albus subsp. albus	Wied-Neuwied 1819 "1820"	SUBSPECIES		albus	albus	Diclidurus	Diclidurus	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Isis von Oken vol.1819 p.1630						
13800989	Diclidurus albus subsp. virgo	Thomas 1903	SUBSPECIES		virgo	albus	Diclidurus	Diclidurus	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera							
13800990	Diclidurus ingens	Hernandez-Camacho 1955	SPECIES			ingens	Diclidurus	Diclidurus	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Caldasia vol.7 p.87			Venezuela, SE Colombia, Guyana, NW Brazil.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	Subgenus Diclidurus.	Greater Ghost Bat
13801078	Nycteris thebaica subsp. najdiya	Nader and Kock 1982	SUBSPECIES		najdiya	thebaica		Nycteris	Nycteridae	Chiroptera						thebaica species group.	
13800991	Diclidurus isabellus	Thomas 1920	SPECIES			isabellus	Depanycteris	Diclidurus	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.6 p.271			NW Brazil, Venezuela, Guyana.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Depanycteris. Formerly placed in its own genus (Depanycteris), see Ojasti and Linares (1971).	Isabelle's Ghost Bat
13800992	Diclidurus scutatus	Peters 1869	SPECIES			scutatus	Diclidurus	Diclidurus	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1869 p.400			Amazonian Brazil, Venezuela, Peru, Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Diclidurus.	Lesser Ghost Bat
13800993	Emballonura	Temminck 1838	GENUS					Emballonura	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. Physiol. vol.5 p.22	Emballonura monticola Temminck, 1838.				Does not include Mosia; see Griffiths et al. (1991). Species groups follow Koopman (1994).	
13800994	Emballonura alecto	Eydoux and Gervais 1836	SPECIES			alecto		Emballonura	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Mag. Zool. Paris vol.6 p.7		discolor  Peters, 1861; anambensis Miller, 1900; palawanensis Taylor, 1934; rivalis Thomas, 1915.	Philippines, Borneo, Sulawesi, and Tanimbar (Indonesia), Moluccas, and adjacent small islands including Anambas Isl.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	alecto species group. Includes rivalis; see Medway (1977). Includes anambensis; see Corbet and Hill (1992). Also see Flannery (1995b).	Small Asian Sheath-tailed Bat
13800995	Emballonura alecto subsp. alecto	Eydoux and Gervais 1836	SUBSPECIES		alecto	alecto		Emballonura	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Mag. Zool. Paris vol.6 p.7					alectospecies group.	
13800998	Emballonura alecto subsp. rivalis	Thomas 1915	SUBSPECIES		rivalis	alecto		Emballonura	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera						alectospecies group.	
13800999	Emballonura atrata	Peters 1874	SPECIES			atrata		Emballonura	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1874 p.693			Madagascar except for S region.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	atrata species group. Reviewed by Peterson et al. (1995).	Peters's Sheath-tailed Bat
13801000	Emballonura beccarii	Peters and Doria 1881	SPECIES			beccarii		Emballonura	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova vol.16 p.693		locusta  Thomas, 1920; clavium Thomas, 1915; meeki Thomas, 1896.	New Guinea, Kai Isls, Biak, Ypen, Trobriand Isls, Bougainville, New Ireland (Bismarck Arch.) and nearby smaller islands.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	alecto species group. See Flannery (1995a, b) and Bonaccorso (1998).	Beccari's Sheath-tailed Bat
13801001	Emballonura beccarii subsp. beccarii	Peters and Doria 1881	SUBSPECIES		beccarii	beccarii		Emballonura	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova vol.16 p.693					alectospecies group.	
13801002	Emballonura beccarii subsp. clavium	Thomas 1915	SUBSPECIES		clavium	beccarii		Emballonura	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera						alectospecies group.	
13801003	Emballonura beccarii subsp. meeki	Thomas 1896	SUBSPECIES		meeki	beccarii		Emballonura	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera						alectospecies group.	
13801004	Emballonura dianae	Hill 1956	SPECIES			dianae		Emballonura	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	In Wolff, Nat. Hist. Rennell Isl, Brit. Solomon Isls vol.1 p.74		fruhstorferi  Flannery, 1994; rickwoodi Flannery, 1994.	Rennell, Guadalcanal, Malaita, Choiseul and San Isabel Isls (Solomon Isls), New Ireland (Bismarck Arch.), New Guinea.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	raffrayana species group. Revised by Flannery (1994b). See also Flannery (1995a, b) and Bonaccorso (1998).	Large-eared Sheath-tailed Bat
13801005	Emballonura dianae subsp. dianae	Hill 1956	SUBSPECIES		dianae	dianae		Emballonura	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	In Wolff, Nat. Hist. Rennell Isl, Brit. Solomon Isls vol.1 p.74		&nbsp; 			raffrayana species group.	
13801006	Emballonura dianae subsp. fruhstorferi	Flannery 1994	SUBSPECIES		fruhstorferi	dianae		Emballonura	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera						raffrayana species group.	
13801007	Emballonura dianae subsp. rickwoodi	Flannery 1994	SUBSPECIES		rickwoodi	dianae		Emballonura	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera						raffrayana species group.	
13801022	Mosia nigrescens subsp. nigrescens	Gray 1843	SUBSPECIES		nigrescens	nigrescens		Mosia	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.11 p.117		&nbsp; 				
13801008	Emballonura furax	Thomas 1911	SPECIES			furax		Emballonura	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.7 p.384			Prov. of Papua (Indonesia); Papua New Guinea including Bismarck Arch.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	raffrayana species group. Revised by Flannery (1994b), who described serii based on specimens from New Ireland Isl originally referred to furax. Also see Flannery (1995a) and Bonaccorso (1998).	New Guinean Sheath-tailed Bat
13801115	Erophylla sezekorni subsp. syops	G. M. Allen 1917	SUBSPECIES		syops	sezekorni		Erophylla	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801009	Emballonura monticola	Temminck 1838	SPECIES			monticola		Emballonura	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. Physiol. vol.5 p.25		peninsularis  Miller, 1898; pusilla Lyon, 1911.	Burma and Thailand to W Malaysia; Borneo; Sumatra, Rhio Arch., Banka, Billiton, Enggano, Babi Isls, Batu Isls, Nias Isl, Mentawai Isls, Java, Sulawesi.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	alecto species group.	Lesser Sheath-tailed Bat
13801010	Emballonura raffrayana	Dobson 1878 "1879"	SPECIES			raffrayana		Emballonura	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1878 p.876		cor  Thomas, 1915; stresemanni Thomas, 1914.	Moluccas, New Guinea, Bismark Arch., Solomons, and Vanuatu.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	raffrayana species group. See Flannery (1995a, b) and Bonaccorso (1998).	Raffray's Sheath-tailed Bat
13801011	Emballonura raffrayana subsp. raffrayana	Dobson 1878 "1879"	SUBSPECIES		raffrayana	raffrayana		Emballonura	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1878 p.876		&nbsp; 			raffrayana species group.	
13801012	Emballonura raffrayana subsp. cor	Thomas 1915	SUBSPECIES		cor	raffrayana		Emballonura	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera						raffrayana species group.	
13801013	Emballonura raffrayana subsp. stresemanni	Thomas 1914	SUBSPECIES		stresemanni	raffrayana		Emballonura	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera						raffrayana species group.	
13801063	Nycteris macrotis subsp. oriana	Kershaw 1922	SUBSPECIES		oriana	macrotis		Nycteris	Nycteridae	Chiroptera						macrotis species group.	
13801085	Myzopoda	Milne-Edwards and Grandidier 1878	GENUS					Myzopoda	Myzopodidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris, sér. 7 vol.2 p.220	Myzopoda aurita Milne-Edwards and Grandidier, 1878.					
13801014	Emballonura semicaudata	Peale 1848	SPECIES			semicaudata		Emballonura	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Mammalia in Repts. U.S. Expl. Surv. vol.8 p.23		fuliginosa  Tomes, 1859; palauensis Yamashima, 1932; rotensis Yamashima, 1943; sulcata Miller, 1911.	Mariana Isls and Caroline Isls (including Palau Isls), Vanuatu, Fiji Isls, Samoa.	U. S. ESA  Candidate taxon (in Aguijan, American Samoa); IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Endangered.	semicaudata species group. Includes sulcata, see Griffiths et al. (1991). Subspecies reviewed by Koopman (1997).	Polynesian Sheath-tailed Bat
13801015	Emballonura semicaudata subsp. semicaudata	Peale 1848	SUBSPECIES		semicaudata	semicaudata		Emballonura	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Mammalia in Repts. U.S. Expl. Surv. vol.8 p.23					semicaudata species group.	
13801016	Emballonura semicaudata subsp. palauensis	Yamashima 1932	SUBSPECIES		palauensis	semicaudata		Emballonura	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera						semicaudata species group.	
13801017	Emballonura semicaudata subsp. rotensis	Yamashima 1943	SUBSPECIES		rotensis	semicaudata		Emballonura	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera						semicaudata species group.	
13801018	Emballonura semicaudata subsp. sulcata	Miller 1911	SUBSPECIES		sulcata	semicaudata		Emballonura	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera						semicaudata species group.	
13801019	Emballonura serii	Flannery 1994	SPECIES			serii		Emballonura	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Mammalia vol.58 p.606			Los Negros Isl, Manus Isl, New Ireland Isl (Bismarck Arch.).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Data Defficient.	raffrayana species group. Described based on specimens orginally referred to furax. See Flannery (1995b) and Bonaccorso (1998).	Seri's Sheath-tailed Bat
13700340	Blarinini	Kretzoi 1965	TRIBE						Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Vertebrata Hungarica vol.7 p.126					Repenning (1967) and Reumer (1998) recognized and re-defined this tribe.	
13801020	Mosia	Gray 1843	GENUS					Mosia	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.11 p.117	Mosia nigrescens Gray, 1843.				Formerly included in Emballonura, but see Griffiths et al. (1991). Corbet and Hill (1992) recognized Mosia as a subgenus of Emballonura.	
13801021	Mosia nigrescens	Gray 1843	SPECIES			nigrescens		Mosia	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.11 p.117		papuana  Thomas, 1914; solomonis Thomas, 1904.	New Guinea; New Ireland (Papua New Guinea); Kai Isls, Halmahera Isls, Schouten Isls, Sulawesi, Moluccas Isls; Waigeo Isl. (Prov. of Papua, Indonesia), Bismarck Arch. (Papua New Guinea); Solomon Isls; adjacent small islands.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes papuana; see Laurie and Hill (1954) and Hill (1983). Includes solomonis, considered a distinct species by McKean (1972). See Flannery (1995a, b) and Bonaccorso (1998).	Dark Sheath-tailed Bat
13801023	Mosia nigrescens subsp. papuana	Thomas 1914	SUBSPECIES		papuana	nigrescens		Mosia	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera							
13801025	Peropteryx	Peters 1867	GENUS					Peropteryx	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1867 p.472	Vespertilio caninus Wied-Neuwied, 1821 (preoccupied; = Emballonura macrotis Wagner, 1843).	Peronymus  Peters, 1868.			Includes Peronymus; see Griffiths and Smith (1991), Jones and Hood (1993), Dunlop (1998), and Simmons and Voss (1998). Reviewed by Jones and Hood (1993). Two subgenera recognized, Peropteryx and Peronymus.	
13801026	Peropteryx	Peters 1867	SUBGENUS				Peropteryx	Peropteryx	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1867 p.472	Vespertilio caninus Wied-Neuwied, 1821 (preoccupied; = Emballonura macrotis Wagner, 1843).					
13801027	Peronymus	Peters 1868	SUBGENUS				Peronymus	Peropteryx	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera							
13801028	Peropteryx kappleri	Peters 1867	SPECIES			kappleri	Peropteryx	Peropteryx	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1867 p.473		intermedia  Sanborn, 1951.	S Veracruz (Mexico) to the Guianas, E Brazil, Peru, and N Bolivia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Peropteryx.	Greater Dog-like Bat
13801029	Peropteryx kappleri subsp. kappleri	Peters 1867	SUBSPECIES		kappleri	kappleri	Peropteryx	Peropteryx	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1867 p.473		&nbsp; 				
13801030	Peropteryx kappleri subsp. intermedia	Sanborn 1951	SUBSPECIES		intermedia	kappleri	Peropteryx	Peropteryx	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera							
13801031	Peropteryx leucoptera	Peters 1867	SPECIES			leucoptera	Peronymus	Peropteryx	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1867 p.474		cyclops  Thomas, 1924.	Peru, Colombia, N and E Brazil, Venezuela, Guianas.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Peronymus. Formerly placed in its own genus (Peronymus), but clearly a member of the Peropteryx clade, see Griffiths and Smith (1991), Jones and Hood (1993), Dunlop (1998), and Simmons and Voss (1998).	White-winged Dog-like Bat
13801032	Peropteryx leucoptera subsp. leucoptera	Peters 1867	SUBSPECIES		leucoptera	leucoptera	Peronymus	Peropteryx	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1867 p.474		&nbsp; 				
13801033	Peropteryx leucoptera subsp. cyclops	Thomas 1924	SUBSPECIES		cyclops	leucoptera	Peronymus	Peropteryx	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera							
13801034	Peropteryx macrotis	Wagner 1843	SPECIES			macrotis	Peropteryx	Peropteryx	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Arch. Naturgesch., ser. 9 vol.1 p.367		brunnea  Gervais, 1855; caninus Schinz, 1821 [not Blumenbach, 1797].	Guerrero and Yucatán (Mexico) to Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, and S and E Brazil.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Peropteryx. Does not include trinitatis; see Brosset and Charles-Dominique (1990) and Simmons and Voss (1998). Does not include phaea; see Genoways et al. (1998). This complex may include more than one species; see Reid et al. (2000). See Yee (2000), but note that they included trinitatis and phaea in this species.	Lesser Dog-like Bat
13801035	Peropteryx trinitatis	Miller 1899	SPECIES			trinitatis	Peropteryx	Peropteryx	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.12 p.178		phaea  G. M. Allen, 1911.	Trinidad and Tobago; Aruba Isl (Netherlands Antilles); Grenada; Venezuela; Margarita Isl (Venezuela); French Guiana.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Microchiropteran Bats Action Plan (2001).	Subgenus Peropteryx. Considered a subspecies of macrotis by many authors, but see Brosset and Charles-Dominique (1990) and Simmons and Voss (1998). Includes phaea, see discussion in Genoways et al. (1998).	Trinidad Dog-like Bat
13801036	Peropteryx trinitatis subsp. trinitatis	Miller 1899	SUBSPECIES		trinitatis	trinitatis	Peropteryx	Peropteryx	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.12 p.178		&nbsp; 				
13801037	Peropteryx trinitatis subsp. phaea	G. M. Allen 1911	SUBSPECIES		phaea	trinitatis	Peropteryx	Peropteryx	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera							
13801038	Rhynchonycteris	Peters 1867	GENUS					Rhynchonycteris	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1867 p.477	Vespertilio naso Wied-Neuwied, 1820.	Proboscidea  Spix, 1823 [not Brugière, 1791]; Rhynchoniscus Miller, 1907.			Reviewed by Jones and Hood (1993).	
13801039	Rhynchonycteris naso	Wied-Neuwied 1820	SPECIES			naso		Rhynchonycteris	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Reise nach Brasilien vol.1 p.251		lineata  Temminck, 1838; priscus G. M. Allen, 1914; rivalis Spix, 1823; saxatilis Spix, 1823; villosa Gervais, 1855.	E Oaxaca and C Veracruz (Mexico) to C and E Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, French Guiana, Guyana, and Surinam; Trinidad.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	See Plumpton and Jones (1992); see Emmons (1997) for an updated distribution map.	Proboscis Bat
13801040	Saccopteryx	Illiger 1811	GENUS					Saccopteryx	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Prodr. Syst. Mamm. Avium. p.121	Vespertilio lepturus Schreber, 1774.	Urocryptus  Temminck, 1838.			Reviewed by Jones and Hood (1993); also see Muñoz and Cuartas (2001).	
13801041	Saccopteryx antioquensis	Muñoz and Cuartas 2001	SPECIES			antioquensis		Saccopteryx	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Actual. Biol. vol.23 p.53			Known only from the Cordillera Central of N Colombia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Not evaluated (new species).	Most similar to gymnura; see Muñoz and Cuartas (2001).	Antioquian Sac-winged Bat
13801110	Erophylla bombifrons subsp. santacristobalensis	Elliot 1905	SUBSPECIES		santacristobalensis	bombifrons		Erophylla	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801042	Saccopteryx bilineata	Temminck 1838	SPECIES			bilineata		Saccopteryx	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. Physiol. vol.5 p.33		centralis  Thomas, 1904; insignis Wagner, 1855; perspicillifer Miller, 1899.	Jalisco and Veracruz (Mexico) to Bolivia, Guianas, and E Brazil south to Rio de Janiero; Trinidad and Tobago.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Several subspecies have been recognized, but these do not appear justified; see Simmons and Voss (1998). See Yancey et al. (1998a).	Greater Sac-winged Bat
13801043	Saccopteryx canescens	Thomas 1901	SPECIES			canescens		Saccopteryx	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.7 p.366		leptura  J. A. Allen, 1900 [preoccupied by leptura Schreber, 1774]; pumila Thomas, 1914.	Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, N Brazil, Peru, Bolivia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes pumila; see Husson (1962).	Frosted Sac-winged Bat
13801044	Saccopteryx canescens subsp. canescens	Thomas 1901	SUBSPECIES		canescens	canescens		Saccopteryx	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.7 p.366						
13801046	Saccopteryx gymnura	Thomas 1901	SPECIES			gymnura		Saccopteryx	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.7 p.367			Amazonian Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, perhaps Venezuela.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	Reviewed by Simmons and Voss (1998) and Lim and Engstrom (2001).	Amazonian Sac-winged Bat
13801047	Saccopteryx leptura	Schreber 1774	SPECIES			leptura		Saccopteryx	Emballonuridae	Chiroptera	Die Säugethiere vol.1 8 p.57			Chiapas and Tabasco (Mexico) to SE Brazil, Peru, and N Bolivia; Guianas; Margarita Isl (Venezuela); Trinidad and Tobago.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	See Yancey et al. (1998b). Reviewed in part by Nogueira et al. (2002).	Lesser Sac-winged Bat
13801048	Nycteridae	Van der Hoeven 1855	FAMILY						Nycteridae	Chiroptera	Handb. Dierkunde, 2nd ed. vol.2 p.1028					Monogeneric; see Griffiths (1994) for a phylogeny. Although some authors have indicated that family-group names based on the greek root -nycteris should be spelled -nycterididae (e.g., Russell and Sigé 1970; Habersetzer and Storch, 1987; Kock et al., 2002), I prefer to maintain the commonly accepted spelling (-nycteridae) for these names in the interests of stability (see discussion in Simmons and Geisler [1998: footnote 13]). Accordingly, I use "Nycteridae" for this family instead of "Nycterididae".	
13801082	Nycteris woodi subsp. woodi	K. Andersen 1914	SUBSPECIES		woodi	woodi		Nycteris	Nycteridae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.13 p.563		&nbsp; 			macrotis species group.	
13801083	Nycteris woodi subsp. sabiensis	Roberts 1946	SUBSPECIES		sabiensis	woodi		Nycteris	Nycteridae	Chiroptera						macrotis species group.	
13801049	Nycteris	E. Geoffroy and G. Cuvier 1795	GENUS					Nycteris	Nycteridae	Chiroptera	Mag. Encyclop. vol.2 p.186	Vespertilio hispidus Schreber, 1774 [nomen nudum, validated by Opinion 111 of the International Commission, 1929].	Petalia  Gray, 1838; Pelatia Gray, 1866.			Hall (1981) disregarded ICZN Opinion 111 and used Nycteris Borkhausen, 1797 for the Nearctic genus commonly known as Lasiurus Gray, 1831, but few other authors followed this usage and Nycteris is now universally used for Slit-faced Bats of the Old World. Revised by Van Cakenberghe and De Vree (1985, 1993a, b, 1998). Thomas et al. (1994) summarized character variation and identified species groups, which we follow here with modifications based on Van Cakenberghe and De Vree (1993a). For a key to the genus see Gray et al. (1999), but note that they did not distinguish all species recognized here.	
13801050	Nycteris arge	Thomas 1903	SPECIES			arge		Nycteris	Nycteridae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.12 p.633			Sierra Leone to S and E Dem. Rep. Congo; W Kenya; SW Sudan; NE Angola; Bioko (Equatorial Guinea).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	arge species group. Formerly included intermedia; see Hayman and Hill (1971), but see Van Cakenberghe and De Vree (1985).	Bates's Slit-faced Bat
13801051	Nycteris aurita	K. Andersen 1912	SPECIES			aurita		Nycteris	Nycteridae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.10 p.547			Ethiopia, S Somalia, N + E Kenya, NE Tanzania.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	hispida species group. Often considered a synonym or subspecies of hispida, but apparently distinct; see Van Cakenberghe and De Vree (1993b)	Andersen's Slit-faced Bat
13801052	Nycteris gambiensis	K. Andersen 1912	SPECIES			gambiensis		Nycteris	Nycteridae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.10 p.548			Senegal, Gambia, Guinea Bissau, Guinea, Ghana, Côte dIvoire, Togo, Benin, Burkina Faso, Nigeria. A record from Sierra Leone is in error (J. Fahr, pers. comm.).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	thebaica species group. Reviewed by Van Cakenberghe and De Vree (1998).	Gambian Slit-faced Bat
13801053	Nycteris grandis	Peters 1865	SPECIES			grandis		Nycteris	Nycteridae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1865 p.358		baikii  Gray, 1866; marica Kershaw, 1923; proxima Lönnberg and Gyldenstolpe, 1925.	Senegal to Dem. Rep. Congo, Kenya, Zimbabwe, Malawi, and Mozambique; Zanzibar and Pemba.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	hispida species group. Reviewed by Van Cakenberghe and De Vree (1993b). N. marica is sometimes recognized as a distinct savanna subspecies, but this does not seem justified based on morphology; see Van Cakenberghe and De Vree (1993b). See Hickey and Dunlop (2000).	Large Slit-faced Bat
13801108	Erophylla bombifrons	Miller 1899	SPECIES			bombifrons		Erophylla	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.13 p.36		santacristobalensis  Elliot, 1905.	Hispaniola and Puerto Rico.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Included in sezekorni by Buden (1976), but see Varona (1974), Hall (1981), and Koopman (1993). Reviewed by Timm and Genoways (2003).	Brown Flower Bat
13801494	Pteronotus parnellii subsp. gonavensis	Koopman 1955	SUBSPECIES		gonavensis	parnellii	Phyllodia	Pteronotus	Mormoopidae	Chiroptera							
13801054	Nycteris hispida	Schreber 1775	SPECIES			hispida		Nycteris	Nycteridae	Chiroptera	Die Säugethiere vol.1 p.169, 188		daubentoni  E. Geoffroy, 1813; martini Fraser, 1834; pallida J. A. Allen, 1917; pilosa Gray, 1866; poensis Gray, 1843; villosa Peters, 1852.	Senegal, Gambia, and extreme S Mauritania to Somalia and south to Angola, C Mozambique, Botswana, and Malawi; Zanzibar; Bioko (Equatorial Guinea). A South African record is dubious; see Cotterill (1996).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	hispida species group. Revised by Van Cakenberghe and De Vree (1993b); also see Koopman (1975). Does not include aurita. Several subspecies are often recognized, but these do not seem justified; see Van Cakenberghe and De Vree (1993b).	Hairy Slit-faced Bat
13801055	Nycteris intermedia	Aellen 1959	SPECIES			intermedia		Nycteris	Nycteridae	Chiroptera	Arch. Sci. Genève vol.12 p.218			Liberia to W Tanzania and south to Angola.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	arge species group. Formerly included in arge but see Van Cakenberghe and De Vree (1985).	Intermediate Slit-faced Bat
13801056	Nycteris javanica	E. Geoffroy 1813	SPECIES			javanica		Nycteris	Nycteridae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.20 p.20		bastiani  Bergmans and van Bree, 1986.	Java, Nusa Penida (near Bali), and Kangean Isl (Indonesia). A record from Bali is in error (see Kock and Dobat, 2000), as is a record from Timor (see Corbet and Hill, 1992).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	javanica species group. Does not include tragata; see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1955) and Van Cakenberge and De Vree (1993a), but also see Corbet and Hill (1992). Reviewed by Bergmans and van Bree (1986) and Van Cakenberghe and De Vree (1993a).	Javan Slit-faced Bat
13801057	Nycteris javanica subsp. javanica	E. Geoffroy 1813	SUBSPECIES		javanica	javanica		Nycteris	Nycteridae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.20 p.20		&nbsp; 			javanica species group.	
13801058	Nycteris javanica subsp. bastiani	Bergmans and van Bree 1986	SUBSPECIES		bastiani	javanica		Nycteris	Nycteridae	Chiroptera						javanica species group.	
13801059	Nycteris macrotis	Dobson 1876	SPECIES			macrotis		Nycteris	Nycteridae	Chiroptera	Monogr. Asiat. Chiroptera p.80		aethiopica  Dobson, 1878; aurantiaca Monard, 1939; guineensis Monard, 1939; luteola Thomas, 1901; oriana Kershaw, 1922.	Senegal and Gambia to Ethiopia, south to Zimbabwe, Malawi and Mozambique; Zanzibar.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	macrotis species group. For discussion of synonyms see Koopman (1975, 1992), Van Cakenberghe and De Vree (1985), and Kock (1969a). Does not include madagascariensis; see Peterson et al. (1995). Does not include vinsoni; see Van Cakenberghe and De Vree (1998). See Taylor (2000a) for distribution map.	Large-eared Slit-faced Bat
13801060	Nycteris macrotis subsp. macrotis	Dobson 1876	SUBSPECIES		macrotis	macrotis		Nycteris	Nycteridae	Chiroptera	Monogr. Asiat. Chiroptera p.80		&nbsp; 			macrotis species group.	
13801061	Nycteris macrotis subsp. aethiopica	Dobson 1878	SUBSPECIES		aethiopica	macrotis		Nycteris	Nycteridae	Chiroptera						macrotis species group.	
13801062	Nycteris macrotis subsp. luteola	Thomas 1901	SUBSPECIES		luteola	macrotis		Nycteris	Nycteridae	Chiroptera						macrotis species group.	
13801064	Nycteris madagascariensis	Grandidier 1937	SPECIES			madagascariensis		Nycteris	Nycteridae	Chiroptera	Bull. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris, ser. 2 vol.9 p.353			N Madagascar.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Data Deficient.	macrotis species group. Known from only two specimens. Often included in macrotis (e.g., Koopman, 1993, 1994; Van Cakenberghe and De Vree, 1985) but see Peterson et al. (1995).	Malagasy Slit-faced Bat
13801065	Nycteris major	K. Andersen 1912	SPECIES			major		Nycteris	Nycteridae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.10 p.547		avakubia  J. A. Allen, 1917.	Liberia, Côte dIvoire, Cameroon, Dem. Rep. Congo, and Zambia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	arge species group. Includes avakubia; see Koopman (1965) and Van Cakenberghe and De Vree (1985).	Dja Slit-faced Bat
13700389	Cryptotis parva subsp. berlandieri	Baird 1858	SUBSPECIES		berlandieri	parva		Cryptotis	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13801066	Nycteris nana	K. Andersen 1912	SPECIES			nana		Nycteris	Nycteridae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.10 p.547		tristis  Allen and Lawrence, 1936.	Côte dIvoire to NE Angola, W Kenya, and SW Sudan. A record from Tanzania actually represents intermedia (J. Fahr, pers. comm.).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	arge species group. Includes tristis; see Koopman (1975) and Van Cakenberghe and De Vree (1985).	Dwarf Slit-faced Bat
13801067	Nycteris parisii	De Beaux 1924	SPECIES			parisii		Nycteris	Nycteridae	Chiroptera	Atti. Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. vol.62 p.254		benuensis  Aellen, 1952.	Cameroon; S Somalia; Ethiopia.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Microchiropteran Bats Action Plan (2001).	macrotis species group. Distinct from woodi; see Thomas et al. (1995), but see also Van Cakenberghe and De Vree (1985).	Parisi's Slit-faced Bat
13801068	Nycteris parisii subsp. parisii	De Beaux 1924	SUBSPECIES		parisii	parisii		Nycteris	Nycteridae	Chiroptera	Atti. Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. vol.62 p.254		&nbsp; 			macrotis species group.	
13801069	Nycteris parisii subsp. benuensis	Aellen 1952	SUBSPECIES		benuensis	parisii		Nycteris	Nycteridae	Chiroptera						macrotis species group.	
13801109	Erophylla bombifrons subsp. bombifrons	Miller 1899	SUBSPECIES		bombifrons	bombifrons		Erophylla	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.13 p.36		&nbsp; 				
13801070	Nycteris thebaica	E. Geoffroy 1818	SPECIES			thebaica		Nycteris	Nycteridae	Chiroptera	Descrip. de L'Egypte vol.2 p.119		albiventer  Wagner, 1840; geoffroyi Desmarest, 1820; senegalensis Hartmann, 1868; adana K. Anderen, 1912; angolensis Peters, 1870; brockmani K. Andersen, 1912; media K. Andersen, 1912; capensis A. Smith, 1829; affinis A. Smith, 1829; discolor Wagner, 1840; fuliginosa Peters, 1852; damarensis Peters, 1870; labiata Heuglin, 1861; aurantiaca De Beaux, 1923; revoilii Robin, 1881; najdiya Nader and Kock, 1982. <u>Not allocated to subspecies</u>: aethiopicus Heuglin and Fitzinger, 1866 [nomen nudum].	Central Arabia, Israel, Sinai, Egypt, Morocco, Senegal, Guinea, Mali, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Benin, Niger, Nigeria, Somalia, Djibouti, and Kenya, south to South Africa in open country; Zanzibar and Pemba.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	thebaica species group. Reviewed by Van Cakenberghe and De Vree (1998). The status of brockmani and damarensis remains unclear; these forms may represent distinct species, see discussion in Van Cakenberghe and De Vree (1998). Also see Harrison and Bates (1991) and Gray et al. (1999).	Egyptian Slit-faced Bat
13801071	Nycteris thebaica subsp. thebaica	E. Geoffroy 1818	SUBSPECIES		thebaica	thebaica		Nycteris	Nycteridae	Chiroptera	Descrip. de L'Egypte vol.2 p.119					thebaica species group.	
13801072	Nycteris thebaica subsp. adana	K. Anderen 1912	SUBSPECIES		adana	thebaica		Nycteris	Nycteridae	Chiroptera						thebaica species group.	
13801073	Nycteris thebaica subsp. angolensis	Peters 1870	SUBSPECIES		angolensis	thebaica		Nycteris	Nycteridae	Chiroptera						thebaica species group.	
13801074	Nycteris thebaica subsp. brockmani	K. Andersen 1912	SUBSPECIES		brockmani	thebaica		Nycteris	Nycteridae	Chiroptera						thebaica species group.	
13801075	Nycteris thebaica subsp. capensis	A. Smith 1829	SUBSPECIES		capensis	thebaica		Nycteris	Nycteridae	Chiroptera						thebaica species group.	
13801076	Nycteris thebaica subsp. damarensis	Peters 1870	SUBSPECIES		damarensis	thebaica		Nycteris	Nycteridae	Chiroptera						thebaica species group.	
13801077	Nycteris thebaica subsp. labiata	Heuglin 1861	SUBSPECIES		labiata	thebaica		Nycteris	Nycteridae	Chiroptera						thebaica species group.	
13801079	Nycteris tragata	K. Andersen 1912	SPECIES			tragata		Nycteris	Nycteridae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.10 p.546			Burma, Thailand, W Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	javanica species group. Distinct from javanica; see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1955) and Van Cakenberghe and De Vree (1993a), but also see Corbet and Hill (1992).	Malayan Slit-faced Bat
13801080	Nycteris vinsoni	Dalquest 1965	SPECIES			vinsoni		Nycteris	Nycteridae	Chiroptera	J. Mammal. vol.46 p.254			Mozambique; known only from the type locality.	IUCN 2003  not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	thebaica species group. Distinct from macrotis and thebaica; see Van Cakenberghe and De Vree (1998).	Vinson's Slit-faced Bat
13801081	Nycteris woodi	K. Andersen 1914	SPECIES			woodi		Nycteris	Nycteridae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.13 p.563		sabiensis  Roberts, 1946.	Zambia and South Africa to NW Mozambique and SW Tanzania.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	macrotis species group. For synonyms see Van Cakenberghe and De Vree (1985). Does not include parisii or benuensis; see Thomas et al. (1995).	Wood's Slit-faced Bat
13801084	Myzopodidae	Thomas 1904	FAMILY						Myzopodidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1904 2 p.5					Monotypic.	
13801086	Myzopoda aurita	Milne-Edwards and Grandidier 1878	SPECIES			aurita		Myzopoda	Myzopodidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris, sér. 7 vol.2 p.220			Madagascar.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	See Schliemann and Maas (1978) and Peterson et al. (1995).	Sucker-footed Bat
13801087	Mystacinidae	Dobson 1875	FAMILY						Mystacinidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4 vol.16 p.349					Monogeneric.	
13801088	Mystacina	Gray 1843	GENUS					Mystacina	Mystacinidae	Chiroptera	In Dieffenbach, Travels in New Zealand vol.2 p.296	Mystacina tuberculata Gray, 1843 (by ICZN ruling, Opinion 1994 [2002]).	Mystacops  Lydeckker, 1891 [placed on the Offical List of Rejected and Invalid Generic Names in Zoology; ICZN Opinion 1994 (2002)].			Revised by Hill and Daniel (1985); see Lloyd (2001) for a review and key to species.	
13801089	Mystacina robusta	Dwyer 1962	SPECIES			robusta		Mystacina	Mystacinidae	Chiroptera	Zool. Publ. Victoria Univ., Wellington vol.28 p.3			New Zealand.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Extinct.	See Flannery (1995b) and Lloyd (2001).	New Zealand Greater Short-tailed Bat
13801090	Mystacina tuberculata	Gray 1843	SPECIES			tuberculata		Mystacina	Mystacinidae	Chiroptera	Mammalia, in Voy. "Sulphur," Zool. p.23		aupourica  Hill and Daniel, 1985; rhyacobia Hill and Daniel, 1985; velutina Hutton, 1872 [see comments].	New Zealand.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	Mayer et al. (1999) and Mayer and Kirsch (2000) have argued that the correct name for this species is velutina Hutton, 1872. However, Spencer and Lee (1999, 2000) disagreed, and filed a petition with the International Commission on Zoological Nomeclature to conserve tuberculata as the name for this species. This petition was upheld in Opinion 1994 of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (2002), which conserved tuberculata Gray, 1843 as the name for this species and which placed velutina Hutton, 1872 on the Official List of Rejected and Invalid Specific Names in Zoology. Subspecies limits recognized previously (e.g., by Hill and Daniel, 1985) do not correspond to observed patterns of genetic variation (Lloyd, 2003); accordingly no subspecies are recognized here pending a thorough revision of this taxon.	New Zealand Lesser Short-tailed Bat
13801091	Phyllostomidae	Gray 1825	FAMILY						Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Zool. Journ. vol.2 6 p.242					Includes Desmodontidae; see Jones and Carter (1976). For use of Phyllostomidae rather than Phyllostomatidae, see Handley (1980). The classification used here generally follows that of Wetterer et al. (2000), which was based on a phylogenetic analysis of morphological data, restriction sites, and sex chromosomes; all genera, tribes, and subfamilies appear to be monophyletic unless otherwise noted. See Baker et al. (2000) for an alternative phylogeny based on mtDNA sequence data; also see Baker et al. (1989). Carstens et al. (2002) provided a updated phylogeny of the nectar-feeding subfamilies (Brachyphyllinae, Phyllonycterinae, and Glossophaginae) based on combined analysis of morphological and molecular data.	
13801092	Desmodontinae	Bonaparte 1845	SUBFAMILY						Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Cat. Met. Mamm. Europe p.5					Formerly treated as a separate family; see Jones and Carter (1976). See Emmons (1997) for distribution maps.	
13801093	Desmodus	Wied-Neuwied 1826	GENUS					Desmodus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Beitr. Naturgesch. Brasil vol.2 p.231	Desmodus rufus Wied-Neuwied, 1824 (= Phyllostoma rotundus E. Geoffroy, 1810).	Desmodon  Elliot, 1905; Edostoma DOrbigny, 1834-36.				
13801094	Desmodus rotundus	E. Geoffroy 1810	SPECIES			rotundus		Desmodus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.15 p.181		cinerea  D'Orbigny, 1834; dorbignyi Waterhouse, 1838; ecaudatus Schinz, 1821; fuscus Burmeister, 1854; mordax Burmeister, 1879; murinus Wagner, 1840; rufus Wied-Neuwied, 1824.	Uruguay, N Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia, and N Chile north to Sonora, Nuevo León and Tamaulipas (Mexico); Margarita Isl (Venezuela); Trinidad.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	See Greenhall et al. (1983).	Common Vampire Bat
13801132	Anoura geoffroyi subsp. peruana	Tschudi 1844	SUBSPECIES		peruana	geoffroyi		Anoura	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801095	Diaemus	Miller 1906	GENUS					Diaemus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.19 p.84	Desmodus youngi Jentink, 1893.				Included in Desmodus by Handley (1976) and Anderson (1997), but more often treated as a distinct genus; see Greenhall and Schutt (1996).	
13801096	Diaemus youngi	Jentink 1893	SPECIES			youngi		Diaemus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Notes Leyden Mus. vol.15 p.282		cypselinus  Thomas, 1928.	Tamaulipas (Mexico) south to N Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay, and E Brazil; Trinidad; Margarita Isl (Venezuela).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	See Greenhall and Schutt (1996). Sometimes spelled youngii, but youngi is the original spelling.	White-winged Vampire Bat
13801097	Diphylla	Spix 1823	GENUS					Diphylla	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Sim. Vespert. Brasil. p.68	Diphylla ecaudata Spix, 1823.	Haematonycteris  H. Allen, 1896.				
13801098	Diphylla ecaudata	Spix 1823	SPECIES			ecaudata		Diphylla	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Sim. Vespert. Brasil. p.68		centralis  Thomas, 1903; diphylla Fischer, 1829.	S Tamaulipas (Mexico) to Venezuela, Peru, Bolivia, and E Brazil; a single vagrant individual has also been reported from S Texas (USA).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	See Greenhall et al. (1984).	Hairy-legged Vampire Bat
13801099	Brachyphyllinae	Gray 1866	SUBFAMILY						Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1866 p.115					Treated as tribe within Glossophaginae by McKenna and Bell (1997).	
13801100	Brachyphylla	Gray 1833 "1834"	GENUS					Brachyphylla	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1833 p.122	Brachyphylla cavernarum Gray, 1834.				Revised by Swanepoel and Genoways (1978). A key to this genus was presented by Swanepoel and Genoways (1983a).	
13801101	Brachyphylla cavernarum	Gray 1833 "1834"	SPECIES			cavernarum		Brachyphylla	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1833 p.123		intermedia  Swanepoel and Genoways, 1978; minor Miller, 1913.	Puerto Rico, Virgin Isls and throughout Lesser Antilles south to St. Vincent and Barbados.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes minor; see Swanepoel and Genoways (1978) and Varona (1974). Reviewed by Swanepoel and Genoways (1983a) and Timm and Genoways (2003).	Antillean Fruit-eating Bat
13801102	Brachyphylla cavernarum subsp. cavernarum	Gray 1833 "1834"	SUBSPECIES		cavernarum	cavernarum		Brachyphylla	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1833 p.123		&nbsp; 				
13801103	Brachyphylla cavernarum subsp. intermedia	Swanepoel and Genoways 1978	SUBSPECIES		intermedia	cavernarum		Brachyphylla	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801104	Brachyphylla cavernarum subsp. minor	Miller 1913	SUBSPECIES		minor	cavernarum		Brachyphylla	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801105	Brachyphylla nana	Miller 1902	SPECIES			nana		Brachyphylla	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. vol.54 p.409		pumila  Miller, 1918.	Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica (extinct, known only from fossils), Grand Cayman (Cayman Isls, UK), Middle Caicos (SE Bahamas).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Includes pumila; see Jones and Carter (1976) and Swanepoel and Genoways (1978). Considered a subspecies of cavernarum by Buden (1977) and Hall (1981). Reviewed by Swanepoel and Genoways (1983b) and Timm and Genoways (2003).	Cuban Fruit-eating Bat
13801106	Phyllonycterinae	Miller 1907	SUBFAMILY						Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus. vol.57 p.171					Treated as tribe within Glossophaginae by McKenna and Bell (1997).	
13801107	Erophylla	Miller 1906	GENUS					Erophylla	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.19 p.84	Phyllonycteris bombifrons Miller, 1899.				Revised by Buden (1976). Included as a subgenus of Phyllonycteris by Varona (1974).	
13801111	Erophylla sezekorni	Gundlach 1860 "1861"	SPECIES			sezekorni		Erophylla	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1860 p.818		mariguanensis  Shamel, 1931; planifrons Miller, 1899; syops G. M. Allen, 1917.	Cuba, Jamaica, Bahamas, and Cayman Isls.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Does not include bombifrons; see Varona (1974), Hall (1981), and Koopman (1993). Reviewed by Baker et al. (1978), but note that they included bombifrons in this taxon. Reviewed by Timm and Genoways (2003).	Buffy Flower Bat
13801112	Erophylla sezekorni subsp. sezekorni	Gundlach 1860 "1861"	SUBSPECIES		sezekorni	sezekorni		Erophylla	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1860 p.818		&nbsp; 				
13801113	Erophylla sezekorni subsp. mariguanensis	Shamel 1931	SUBSPECIES		mariguanensis	sezekorni		Erophylla	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801114	Erophylla sezekorni subsp. planifrons	Miller 1899	SUBSPECIES		planifrons	sezekorni		Erophylla	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801116	Phyllonycteris	Gundlach 1860 "1861"	GENUS					Phyllonycteris	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1860 p.817	Phyllonycteris poeyi Gundlach, 1861.	Reithronycteris  Miller, 1898; Rhithronycteris Elliot, 1904.			Two subgenera are recognized, Phyllonycteris and Reithronycteris.	
13801117	Phyllonycteris	Gundlach 1860 "1861"	SUBGENUS				Phyllonycteris	Phyllonycteris	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1860 p.817	Phyllonycteris poeyi Gundlach, 1861.					
13801118	Reithronycteris	Miller 1898	SUBGENUS				Reithronycteris	Phyllonycteris	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801119	Phyllonycteris aphylla	Miller 1898	SPECIES			aphylla	Reithronycteris	Phyllonycteris	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. vol.50 p.334			Jamaica.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Endangered.	Subgenus Reithronycteris.	Jamaican Flower Bat
13801120	Phyllonycteris major	Anthony 1917	SPECIES			major	Phyllonycteris	Phyllonycteris	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.37 p.567			Puerto Rico.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Extinct.	Subgenus Phyllonycteris. Known only from subfossil skeletal material from the type locality; see Hall (1981).	Puerto Rican Flower Bat
13801156	Glossophaga longirostris subsp. rostrata	Miller 1913	SUBSPECIES		rostrata	longirostris		Glossophaga	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801378	Artibeus jamaicensis subsp. schwartzi	Jones 1978	SUBSPECIES		schwartzi	jamaicensis	Artibeus	Artibeus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801121	Phyllonycteris poeyi	Gundlach 1860 "1861"	SPECIES			poeyi	Phyllonycteris	Phyllonycteris	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1860 p.817		obtusa  Miller, 1929.	Cuba, Isle of Pines, Hispaniola.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Phyllonycteris. Includes obtusa; see Jones and Carter (1976) and Klingener et al. (1978). Also see Hall (1981), but note that he was unaware that obtusa was not extinct. Reviewed by Timm and Genoways (2003).	Cuban Flower Bat
13801122	Phyllonycteris poeyi subsp. poeyi	Gundlach 1860 "1861"	SUBSPECIES		poeyi	poeyi	Phyllonycteris	Phyllonycteris	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1860 p.817		&nbsp; 				
13801123	Phyllonycteris poeyi subsp. obtusa	Miller 1929	SUBSPECIES		obtusa	poeyi	Phyllonycteris	Phyllonycteris	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801124	Glossophaginae	Bonaparte 1845	SUBFAMILY						Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Cat. Met. Mamm. Europe p.5		Lonchophyllinae Griffiths, 1982.			Includes two tribes, Glossophagini and Lonchophillini, which are recognized as separate subfamilies by some authors. Baker et al. (2000) suggested that this subfamily may not be monophyletic, but see Carstens et al. (2002), who recovered a monophyletic Glossophaginae in a combined analysis of molecular and morphological data. Morphology, biology, and evolution reviewed by Solmsen (1998).	
13801125	Glossophagini	Bonaparte 1845	TRIBE						Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Cat. Met. Mamm. Europe p.5					Equivalent to Glossophaginae as used by Griffiths (1982). See discussion in Wetterer et al. (2000); also see Carstens et al. (2002). Informally divided into to two groups by Carstens et al. (2002); "choeronycterines" (Anoura, Choeronycteris, Choeroniscus, Hylonycteris, Lichonycteris, Musonycteris, and Scleronycteris), and "glossophagines" (Glossophaga, Leptonycteris, and Monophyllus).	
13801126	Anoura	Gray 1838	GENUS					Anoura	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Mag. Zool. Bot. vol.2 p.490	Anoura geoffroyi Gray, 1838.	Anura  Agassiz, 1846; Glossonycteris Peters, 1868; Lonchoglossa Peters, 1868.			Includes Lonchoglossa; see Cabrera (1958). Keys to species of Anoura were provided by Tamsitt and Nagorsen (1982) and Handley (1984), but usefulness of these keys has been reduced by subsequent descriptions of new species (i.e., by Handley [1984] and Molinari [1994]) and suggestions that other undescribed species exist (Emmons, 1997).	
13801144	Glossophaga commissarisi	Gardner 1962	SPECIES			commissarisi		Glossophaga	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Los Angeles Cty. Mus. Contrib. Sci. vol.54 p.1		bakeri  Webster and Jones, 1987; hespera Webster and Jones, 1982.	Sinaloa (Mexico) to Panama; SE Colombia; E Ecuador; E Peru; NW Brazil.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	See Webster and Jones (1993).	Commissaris's Long-tongued Bat
13801165	Glossophaga soricina subsp. mutica	Merriam 1898	SUBSPECIES		mutica	soricina		Glossophaga	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801127	Anoura caudifer	E. Geoffroy 1818	SPECIES			caudifer		Anoura	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Mem. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.4 p.418		aequatoris  Lönnberg, 1921; ecaudata Geoffroy, 1818; wiedii Peters, 1869.	Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, NW Argentina.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc) as Anoura caudifera.	Some specimens previously referred to caudifer may represent luismanueli; see Molinari (1994); also see Cadena et al. (1998). Often spelled "caudifera" (see Handley, 1984), but the correct spelling is caudifer according to Article 31.2.2 of the Code of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1999).	Tailed Tailless Bat
13801128	Anoura cultrata	Handley 1960	SPECIES			cultrata		Anoura	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. vol.112 p.463		brevirostrum  Carter, 1968; werckleae Starrett, 1969.	Costa Rica, Panama, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes brevirostrum and werckleae; see Nagorsen and Tamsitt (1981) and Molinari (1994). See Tamsitt and Nagorsen (1982).	Handley's Tailless Bat
13801129	Anoura geoffroyi	Gray 1838	SPECIES			geoffroyi		Anoura	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Mag. Zool. Bot. vol.2 p.490		lasiopyga  Peters, 1868; peruana Tschudi, 1844; antricola Anthony, 1921; apolinari J. A. Allen, 1916.	Peru, Bolivia, SE Brazil, the Guianas and Ecuador to Tamaulipas and Sinaloa (Mexico); Trinidad; Grenada (Lesser Antilles).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subspecies reviewed by Sanborn (1933); also see Arroyo-Cabrales and Gardner (2003).	Geoffroy's Tailless Bat
13801130	Anoura geoffroyi subsp. geoffroyi	Gray 1838	SUBSPECIES		geoffroyi	geoffroyi		Anoura	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Mag. Zool. Bot. vol.2 p.490		&nbsp; 				
13801131	Anoura geoffroyi subsp. lasiopyga	Peters 1868	SUBSPECIES		lasiopyga	geoffroyi		Anoura	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801133	Anoura latidens	Handley 1984	SPECIES			latidens		Anoura	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.97 p.503			Venezuela, Guyana, Colombia, Peru.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Clearly distinct from geoffroyi; see Solari et al. (1999).	Broad-toothed Tailless Bat
13801134	Anoura luismanueli	Molinari 1994	SPECIES			luismanueli		Anoura	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Trop. Zool. vol.7 p.76			Andes of Venezuela.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Data deficient.	Distinct from caudifer; see Molinari (1994), Cadena et al. (1998), and Lim and Engstrom (2001).	Luis Manuel's Tailless Bat
13801135	Choeroniscus	Thomas 1928	GENUS					Choeroniscus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 10 vol.1 p.122	Choeronycteris minor Peters, 1868.					
13801136	Choeroniscus godmani	Thomas 1903	SPECIES			godmani		Choeroniscus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.11 p.288			Sinaloa (Mexico) to Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, and Surinam.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).		Godman's Long-tongued Bat
13801137	Choeroniscus minor	Peters 1868	SPECIES			minor		Choeroniscus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1868 p.366		inca  Thomas, 1912; intermedius J. A. Allen and Chapman, 1893.	Guianas, Venezuela, Trinidad, Amazonian Brazil, C Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt) as C. intermedius; Lower Risk (lc) as C. minor.	Includes intermedius; see Simmons and Voss (1998).	Lesser Long-tongued Bat
13700441	Soriculus nigrescens subsp. nigrescens	Gray 1842	SUBSPECIES		nigrescens	nigrescens		Soriculus	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.10 p.261						
13801138	Choeroniscus periosus	Handley 1966	SPECIES			periosus		Choeroniscus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.79 p.84		ponsi  Pirlot, 1967.	NW Venezuela, W Colombia, W Ecuador.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	Includes ponsi; see Koopman (1994).	Greater Long-tongued Bat
13801139	Choeroniscus periosus subsp. periosus	Handley 1966	SUBSPECIES		periosus	periosus		Choeroniscus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.79 p.84		&nbsp; 				
13801140	Choeroniscus periosus subsp. ponsi	Pirlot 1967	SUBSPECIES		ponsi	periosus		Choeroniscus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801141	Choeronycteris	Tschudi 1844	GENUS					Choeronycteris	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Fauna Peruana vol.1 p.70	Choeronycteris mexicana Tschudi, 1844.					
13801142	Choeronycteris mexicana	Tschudi 1844	SPECIES			mexicana		Choeronycteris	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Fauna Peruana vol.1 p.72			Honduras and El Salvador to S California, Nevada, Arizona, and New Mexico (USA); a single record from S Texas; perhaps Venezuela (Koopman, 1993).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Does not include ponsi, which is now recognized as a subspecies of Choeroniscus periosus; see Koopman (1994). See Arroyo-Cabrales et al. (1987).	Mexican Long-tongued Bat
13801143	Glossophaga	E. Geoffroy 1818	GENUS					Glossophaga	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Mem. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.4 p.418	Vespertilio soricinus Pallas, 1766.	Nicon  Gray, 1847; Phyllophora Gray, 1838.			Revised by Webster (1993); see Hoffmann and Baker (2001) for a phylogeny of the genus.	
13801145	Glossophaga commissarisi subsp. commissarisi	Gardner 1962	SUBSPECIES		commissarisi	commissarisi		Glossophaga	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Los Angeles Cty. Mus. Contrib. Sci. vol.54 p.1		&nbsp; 				
13801146	Glossophaga commissarisi subsp. bakeri	Webster and Jones 1987	SUBSPECIES		bakeri	commissarisi		Glossophaga	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801147	Glossophaga commissarisi subsp. hespera	Webster and Jones 1982	SUBSPECIES		hespera	commissarisi		Glossophaga	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801148	Glossophaga leachii	Gray 1844	SPECIES			leachii		Glossophaga	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Mammalia, in Zool. Voy. "Sulfur," vol.1 p.18		alticola  Davis, 1944; caudifer Gray, 1847.	Costa Rica north to Jalisco, Michoacan, Morelos, Tlaxcala, and Colima (Mexico).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Originally considered a subspecies of soricina; see Jones and Carter (1976). Includes alticola; see Webster and Jones (1980). See Webster and Jones (1984). Solmsen (1998) treated morenoi as a synonym of leachii with no comment.	Gray's Long-tongued Bat
13801149	Glossophaga longirostris	Miller 1898	SPECIES			longirostris		Glossophaga	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. vol.50 p.330		campestris  Webster and Handley, 1986; elongata Miller, 1900; major Goodwin, 1958; maricelae Soriano, Fariñas, and Naranjo, 2000; reclusa Webster and Handley, 1986; rostrata Miller, 1913.	Colombia; Venezuela (including Margarita Isl); N Brazil; Guyana; Trinidad and Tobago; Grenada, St Vincent, Curaçao, Bonaire, and Aruba (Lesser Antilles). The records from Dominica and Ecuador are erroneous.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes elongata; see Jones and Carter (1976) and Koopman (1958). Revised by Webster and Handley (1986); also see Handley and Webster (1987), Webster et al. (1998), Soriano et al. (2000), and Timm and Genoways (2003).	Miller's Long-tongued Bat
13801150	Glossophaga longirostris subsp. longirostris	Miller 1898	SUBSPECIES		longirostris	longirostris		Glossophaga	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. vol.50 p.330		&nbsp; 				
13801151	Glossophaga longirostris subsp. campestris	Webster and Handley 1986	SUBSPECIES		campestris	longirostris		Glossophaga	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801152	Glossophaga longirostris subsp. elongata	Miller 1900	SUBSPECIES		elongata	longirostris		Glossophaga	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801153	Glossophaga longirostris subsp. major	Goodwin 1958	SUBSPECIES		major	longirostris		Glossophaga	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801154	Glossophaga longirostris subsp. maricelae	Soriano, Fariñas, and Naranjo 2000	SUBSPECIES		maricelae	longirostris		Glossophaga	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801155	Glossophaga longirostris subsp. reclusa	Webster and Handley 1986	SUBSPECIES		reclusa	longirostris		Glossophaga	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801157	Glossophaga morenoi	Martínez and Villa-R. 1938	SPECIES			morenoi		Glossophaga	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Anal. Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. Auto. Mexico vol.9 p.347		brevirostris  Webster and Jones, 1984; mexicana Webster and Jones, 1980.	Chiapas to Michoacan and Tlaxcala (Mexico).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Includes mexicana; see Gardner (1986) and Webster (1993). See Webster and Jones (1985). Solmsen (1998) treated morenoi as a synonym of leachii, and brevirostris as a subspecies of mexicana (listed as a distinct species) with no comment.	Western Long-tongued Bat
13801158	Glossophaga morenoi subsp. morenoi	Martínez and Villa-R. 1938	SUBSPECIES		morenoi	morenoi		Glossophaga	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Anal. Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. Auto. Mexico vol.9 p.347		&nbsp; 				
13801159	Glossophaga morenoi subsp. brevirostris	Webster and Jones 1984	SUBSPECIES		brevirostris	morenoi		Glossophaga	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801160	Glossophaga morenoi subsp. mexicana	Webster and Jones 1980	SUBSPECIES		mexicana	morenoi		Glossophaga	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801161	Glossophaga soricina	Pallas 1766	SPECIES			soricina		Glossophaga	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Misc. Zool. p.48		amplexicaudata  Spix, 1823; microtis Miller, 1913; nigra Gray, 1844; truei H. Allen, 1897; villosa H. Allen, 1896; antillarum Rehn, 1902; handleyi Webster and Jones, 1980; mutica Merriam, 1898; valens Miller, 1913.	Tamaulipas, Sonora and Trés Marías Isls (Mexico) south to the Guianas, SE Brazil, N Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia, and Peru; Margarita Isl (Venezuela); Trinidad; Grenada (Lesser Antilles); Jamaica; perhaps Bahama Isls.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Alvarez et al. (1991); also see Timm and Genoways (2003). Phylogeography discussed by Ditchfield (2000) and Hoffmann and Baker (2001). May contain more than one species, see Hoffmann and Baker (2001).	Pallas's Long-tongued Bat
13801162	Glossophaga soricina subsp. soricina	Pallas 1766	SUBSPECIES		soricina	soricina		Glossophaga	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Misc. Zool. p.48						
13801163	Glossophaga soricina subsp. antillarum	Rehn 1902	SUBSPECIES		antillarum	soricina		Glossophaga	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801164	Glossophaga soricina subsp. handleyi	Webster and Jones 1980	SUBSPECIES		handleyi	soricina		Glossophaga	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801166	Glossophaga soricina subsp. valens	Miller 1913	SUBSPECIES		valens	soricina		Glossophaga	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801167	Hylonycteris	Thomas 1903	GENUS					Hylonycteris	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.11 p.286	Hylonycteris underwoodi Thomas, 1903.					
13801168	Hylonycteris underwoodi	Thomas 1903	SPECIES			underwoodi		Hylonycteris	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.11 p.287		minor  Phillips and Jones, 1971.	W Panama to Nayarit and Veracruz (Mexico).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Includes minor, but see Alvarez and Alvarez-Castañeda (1991). See Jones and Homan (1974). See Reid (1997) for distribution map.	Underwood's Long-tongued Bat
13801169	Hylonycteris underwoodi subsp. underwoodi	Thomas 1903	SUBSPECIES		underwoodi	underwoodi		Hylonycteris	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.11 p.287		&nbsp; 				
13801170	Hylonycteris underwoodi subsp. minor	Phillips and Jones 1971	SUBSPECIES		minor	underwoodi		Hylonycteris	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801171	Leptonycteris	Lydekker 1891	GENUS					Leptonycteris	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	In Flower and Lydekker, Intro. Mamm. Living and Extinct p.674	Ischnoglossa nivalis Saussure, 1860.	Ischnoglossa  Saussure, 1860 [not Kraatz, 1856].			Revised by Arita and Humphrey (1988). A key for the genus was presented by Hensley and Wilkins (1988).	
13801237	Macrotus waterhousii subsp. waterhousii	Gray 1843	SUBSPECIES		waterhousii	waterhousii		Macrotus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1843 p.21						
13801172	Leptonycteris curasoae	Miller 1900	SPECIES			curasoae		Leptonycteris	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.13 p.126		tarlosti  Pirlot, 1965.	NE Colombia, N Venezuela, Margarita Isl, Curaçao, Bonaire and Aruba (Netherlands Antilles).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	Does not include yerbabuenae (= sanborni); see Watkins et al. (1972), Hall (1981), Koopman (1994), and Simmons and Wetterer (2002).	Curaçaoan Long-nosed Bat
13801173	Leptonycteris nivalis	Saussure 1860	SPECIES			nivalis		Leptonycteris	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Rev. Mag. Zool. Paris, ser. 2 vol.12 p.492		longala  Stains, 1957.	SE Arizona, S New Mexico, and W Texas (USA) to S Mexico and Guatemala.	U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Endangered.	Does not include yerbabuenae; see Watkins et al. (1972) and Hall (1981). See Hensley and Wilkins (1988).	Mexican Long-nosed Bat
13801193	Lonchophylla	Thomas 1903	GENUS					Lonchophylla	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.12 p.458	Lonchophylla mordax Thomas, 1903.				Taddei et al. (1983) gave a key to the species. Includes at least one undescribed species from northern South America (L. Davalos, pers. comm.).	
13700468	Sorex bairdi subsp. bairdi	Merriam 1895	SUBSPECIES		bairdi	bairdi	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	N. Am. Fauna vol.10 p.77						
13801174	Leptonycteris yerbabuenae	Martínez and Villa-R 1940	SPECIES			yerbabuenae		Leptonycteris	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Anal. Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. Auto. Mexico vol.11 p.313		sanborni  Hoffmeister, 1957.	C California, S Arizona, and New Mexico (USA) to Honduras and El Salvador	U.S. ESA  Endangered as L. curasoae yerbabuenae. IUCN 2003  Not listed; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Included in curasoae by Koopman (1993), but see Watkins et al. (1972), Hall (1981), Koopman (1994), and Simmons and Wetterer (2002). The name sanborni has been used widely in the literature for this species, but is a junior synonym. A neotype for yerbabuenae was designated by Arita and Humphrey (1988).	Lesser Long-nosed Bat
13801175	Lichonycteris	Thomas 1895	GENUS					Lichonycteris	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.16 p.55	Lichonycteris obscura Thomas, 1895.					
13801176	Lichonycteris obscura	Thomas 1895	SPECIES			obscura		Lichonycteris	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.16 p.55		degener  Miller, 1931.	Guatemala and Belize south to Bolivia and SE Brazil.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes degener; see Hill (1985).	Dark Long-tongued Bat
13801177	Monophyllus	Leach 1821	GENUS					Monophyllus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol.13 p.75	Monophyllus redmani Leach, 1821.				Reviewed by Schwartz and Jones (1967). A key to the genus was published by Homan and Jones (1975a).	
13801178	Monophyllus plethodon	Miller 1900	SPECIES			plethodon		Monophyllus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Washington Acad. Sci. vol.2 p.35		frater  Anthony, 1917; luciae Miller, 1902.	Lesser Antilles from Anguilla to St. Vincent and Barbados. Fossils known from Puerto Rico.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Includes luciae and frater; see Schwartz and Jones (1967), Hall (1981), and Timm and Genoways (2003). See Homan and Jones (1975b).	Insular Single-leaf Bat
13801179	Monophyllus plethodon subsp. plethodon	Miller 1900	SUBSPECIES		plethodon	plethodon		Monophyllus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Washington Acad. Sci. vol.2 p.35		&nbsp; 				
13801180	Monophyllus plethodon subsp. frater	Anthony 1917	SUBSPECIES		frater	plethodon		Monophyllus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801181	Monophyllus plethodon subsp. luciae	Miller 1902	SUBSPECIES		luciae	plethodon		Monophyllus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801182	Monophyllus redmani	Leach 1821	SPECIES			redmani		Monophyllus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol.13 p.76		clinedaphus  Miller, 1900; cubanus Miller, 1902; ferreus Miller, 1918; portoricensis Miller, 1900.	Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, S Bahama Isls.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Schwartz and Jones (1967), Hall (1981), and Timm and Genoways (2003). See Homan and Jones (1975a).	Leach's Single-leaf Bat
13801183	Monophyllus redmani subsp. redmani	Leach 1821	SUBSPECIES		redmani	redmani		Monophyllus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol.13 p.76		&nbsp; 				
13801184	Monophyllus redmani subsp. clinedaphus	Miller 1900	SUBSPECIES		clinedaphus	redmani		Monophyllus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801185	Monophyllus redmani subsp. portoricensis	Miller 1900	SUBSPECIES		portoricensis	redmani		Monophyllus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801186	Musonycteris	Schaldach and McLaughlin 1960	GENUS					Musonycteris	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Los Angeles Co. Mus. Contrib. Sci. vol.37 p.2	Musonycteris harrisoni Schaldach and McLaughlin, 1960.				Included in Choeronycteris by Handley (1966b) and Hall (1981), but see Phillips (1971) and Webster et al. (1982). Wetterer et al. (2000) found that Musonycteris is more closely related to Choeroniscus than to Choeronycteris.	
13801187	Musonycteris harrisoni	Schaldach and McLaughlin 1960	SPECIES			harrisoni		Musonycteris	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Los Angeles Cty. Mus. Contrib. Sci. vol.37 p.3			Jalisco, Colima, Michoacan and Guerrero (Mexico).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	See Tellez and Ortega (1999).	Banana Bat
13801188	Scleronycteris	Thomas 1912	GENUS					Scleronycteris	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.10 p.404	Scleronycteris ega Thomas, 1912.					
13801189	Scleronycteris ega	Thomas 1912	SPECIES			ega		Scleronycteris	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.10 p.405			Amazonian Brazil, S Venezuela.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	See Emmons (1997) for distribution map.	Ega Long-tongued Bat
13801190	Lonchophyllini	Griffiths 1982	TRIBE						Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Amer. Mus. Novit. vol.2742 p.43					Used at the tribal level for the first time by McKenna and Bell (1997); see also Wetterer et al. (2000) and Carstens et al. (2002).	
13801191	Lionycteris	Thomas 1913	GENUS					Lionycteris	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.12 p.270	Lionycteris spurrelli Thomas, 1913.					
13700480	Sorex cinereus subsp. cinereus	Kerr 1792	SUBSPECIES		cinereus	cinereus	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Animal Kingdom p.206						
13801192	Lionycteris spurrelli	Thomas 1913	SPECIES			spurrelli		Lionycteris	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.12 p.271			E Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Amazonian Peru and Brazil.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	See Emmons (1997) for distribution map.	Chestnut Long-tongued Bat
13801194	Lonchophylla bokermanni	Sazima, Vizotto, and Taddei 1978	SPECIES			bokermanni		Lonchophylla	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Rev. Brasil. Biol. vol.38 p.82			SE Brazil.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.		Bokermann's Nectar Bat
13801195	Lonchophylla dekeyseri	Taddei, Vizotto, and Sazima 1983	SPECIES			dekeyseri		Lonchophylla	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Ciencia e Cultura vol.35 p.626			E Brazil.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.		Dekeyser's Nectar Bat
13801196	Lonchophylla handleyi	Hill 1980	SPECIES			handleyi		Lonchophylla	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Zool. vol.38 p.233			Ecuador, Peru, possibly SW Colombia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	Formerly confused with robusta; see Hill (1980a). Colombian record may represent robusta; see Cadena et al. (1998).	Handley's Nectar Bat
13801197	Lonchophylla hesperia	G. M. Allen 1908	SPECIES			hesperia		Lonchophylla	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. vol.52 p.35			N Peru, Ecuador.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	Known from only five specimens; see Gardner (1976).	Western Nectar Bat
13801198	Lonchophylla mordax	Thomas 1903	SPECIES			mordax		Lonchophylla	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.12 p.459		concava  Goldman, 1914.	Costa Rica south to Ecuador, Peru, and perhaps Bolivia; E Brazil.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes concava; see Handley (1966a); but also see Jones and Carter (1976), who provisionally recognized it as a distinct species.	Goldman's Nectar Bat
13801199	Lonchophylla mordax subsp. mordax	Thomas 1903	SUBSPECIES		mordax	mordax		Lonchophylla	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.12 p.459		&nbsp; 				
13801200	Lonchophylla mordax subsp. concava	Goldman 1914	SUBSPECIES		concava	mordax		Lonchophylla	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801201	Lonchophylla robusta	Miller 1912	SPECIES			robusta		Lonchophylla	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. vol.42 p.23			Nicaragua to Venezuela, Ecuador, and Peru.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	See Solari et al. (1999) for discussion of southern range.	Orange Nectar Bat
13801202	Lonchophylla thomasi	J. A. Allen 1904	SPECIES			thomasi		Lonchophylla	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.20 p.230			E Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Amazonian Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Specimens of this species have frequently been confused with concava, mordax, and Lionycteris spurrelli; see Taddei et al. (1978) and Koopman (1978b).	Thomas's Nectar Bat
13801203	Platalina	Thomas 1928	GENUS					Platalina	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 10 vol.8 p.120	Platalina genovensium Thomas, 1928.					
13801204	Platalina genovensium	Thomas 1928	SPECIES			genovensium		Platalina	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 10 vol.8 p.121			Peru, N Chile.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	Reviewed by Galaz et al. (1999).	Long-snouted Bat
13801205	Phyllostominae	Gray 1825	SUBFAMILY						Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Zool. Journ. vol.2 6 p.242					Possibly monophyletic as defined here; see Wetterer et al. (2000), though see also Baker et al. (2000). Wetterer et al. (2000) recognized four tribes within Phyllostominae (Lonchorhinini, Micronycterini, Phyllostomini, and Vampyrini), but monophyly of these groups is uncertain (see Baker et al., 2000). Accordingly, I do not recognize tribes within Phyllostominae at the present time.	
13801206	Chrotopterus	Peters 1865	GENUS					Chrotopterus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1865 p.505	Vampyrus auritus Peters, 1856.	Vampyrus  Peters, 1856 [not Leach, 1821].				
13801207	Chrotopterus auritus	Peters 1856	SPECIES			auritus		Chrotopterus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Abhandl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1856 p.305		australis  Thomas, 1905; guianae Thomas, 1905.	Veracruz (Mexico) south to the Guianas, S Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, and N Argentina.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Simmons and Voss (1998) discussed problems with previously recognized subspecies. See Medellín (1989). See Emmons (1997) for distribution map.	Woolly False Vampire Bat
13801208	Glyphonycteris	Thomas 1896	GENUS					Glyphonycteris	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.18 p.301	Glyphonycteris sylvestris Thomas, 1896.	Barticonycteris  Hill, 1964.			Recognized as a subgenus of Micronycteris by Sanborn (1949) and Simmons (1996); raised to genus rank by Simmons and Voss (1998) following information later published in Wetterer et al. (2000).	
13801209	Glyphonycteris behnii	Peters 1865	SPECIES			behnii		Glyphonycteris	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1865 p.505			Known only from the holotype.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable as Micronycteris behnii.	Restricted to include only the holotype by Simmons (1996). This taxon may be a senior synonym of sylvestis, but the relationship of these taxa cannot be resolved without reexamination of the holotype of behnii in the context of what is now known about variation in sylvestris; see discussion in Simmons (1996).	Behn's Bat
13801372	Artibeus jamaicensis subsp. grenadensis	K. Andersen 1906	SUBSPECIES		grenadensis	jamaicensis	Artibeus	Artibeus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801210	Glyphonycteris daviesi	Hill 1964	SPECIES			daviesi		Glyphonycteris	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Mammalia vol.28 p.557			Honduras south to Peru, the Guianas, Brazil, and Bolivia; Trinidad.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt) as Micronycteris daviesi.	Formerly included in the monotypic genus Barticonycteris; see Koopman (1978b) and Simmons (1996). Reviewed by Pine et al. (1996).	Graybeard Bat
13801211	Glyphonycteris sylvestris	Thomas 1896	SPECIES			sylvestris		Glyphonycteris	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.18 p.302			Peru and SE Brazil north to Nayarit and Veracruz (Mexico); Trinidad.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt) as Micronycteris sylvestris.	Probably a junior synonym of behnii; see Simmons (1996).	Tricolored Bat
13801212	Lampronycteris	Sanborn 1949	GENUS					Lampronycteris	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Fieldiana Zool. vol.31 p.223	Micronycteris brachyotis Dobson, 1879.				Recognized as a subgenus of Micronycteris by Sanborn (1949) and Simmons (1996); raised to genus rank by Wetterer et al. (2000).	
13801213	Lampronycteris brachyotis	Dobson 1878 "1879"	SPECIES			brachyotis		Lampronycteris	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1878 p.880		platyceps  Sanborn, 1949.	Oaxaca (Mexico) to Guyana, French Guiana and Brazil; Peru; Trinidad.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc) as Micronycteris brachyotis.	Includes platyceps; see Jones and Carter (1976). See Medellín et al. (1985).	Orange-throated Bat
13801214	Lonchorhina	Tomes 1863	GENUS					Lonchorhina	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1863 p.81	Lonchorhina aurita Tomes, 1863.				Reviewed by Hernandez-Camacho and Cadena-G. (1978). A key to the genus was presented by Lassieur and Wilson (1989) and subsequently modified by Handley and Ochoa (1997). Species groups follow Handley and Ochoa (1997).	
13801215	Lonchorhina aurita	Tomes 1863	SPECIES			aurita		Lonchorhina	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1863 p.83		occidentalis  Anthony, 1923.	Oaxaca (Mexico) south to SE Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, and Ecuador; Trinidad; perhaps New Providence Isl (Bahama Isls), see Jones and Carter (1976).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	aurita species group. Includes occidentalis; see Jones and Carter (1976). See Lassieur and Wilson (1989) and Handley and Ochoa (1997). Some specimens previously referred to this species actually represent inusitata; see Handley and Ochoa (1997).	Common Sword-nosed Bat
13801216	Lonchorhina aurita subsp. aurita	Tomes 1863	SUBSPECIES		aurita	aurita		Lonchorhina	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1863 p.83		&nbsp; 			aurita species group.	
13801217	Lonchorhina aurita subsp. occidentalis	Anthony 1923	SUBSPECIES		occidentalis	aurita		Lonchorhina	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera						aurita species group.	
13801218	Lonchorhina fernandezi	Ochoa and Ibáñez 1982	SPECIES			fernandezi		Lonchorhina	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Mem. Soc. Cienc. Nat. La Salle vol.42 p.147			S Venezuela.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	orinocensis species group. Known only from the type locality. Some specimens previously referred to this species actually represent inusitata; see Handley and Ochoa (1997).	Fernandez's Sword-nosed Bat
13801219	Lonchorhina inusitata	Handley and Ochoa 1997	SPECIES			inusitata		Lonchorhina	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Mem. Soc. Cien. Nat. La Salle vol.57 p.73			S Venezuela, Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana, W Brazil.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Data Deficient.	aurita species group. Specimens referred to this species were previously identified as aurita, marinkellei, or fernandezi; see Handley and Ochoa (1997) and Simmons et al. (2000).	Uncommon Sword-nosed Bat
13801220	Lonchorhina marinkellei	Hernández-Camacho and Cadena-G. 1978	SPECIES			marinkellei		Lonchorhina	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Caldasia vol.12 p.229			SE Colombia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	aurita species group. Some specimens previously referred to this species actually represent inusitata; see Handley and Ochoa (1997).	Marinkelle's Sword-nosed Bat
13801221	Lonchorhina orinocensis	Linares and Ojasti 1971	SPECIES			orinocensis		Lonchorhina	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Novid. Cient. Contrib. Occas. Mus. Hist. Nat. La Salle, Ser. Zool. vol.36 p.2			Venezuela, SE Colombia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	orinocensis species group. See Handley and Ochoa (1997) for distribution map.	Orinocoan Sword-nosed Bat
13801238	Macrotus waterhousii subsp. bulleri	H. Allen 1890	SUBSPECIES		bulleri	waterhousii		Macrotus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801239	Macrotus waterhousii subsp. compressus	Rehn 1904	SUBSPECIES		compressus	waterhousii		Macrotus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801222	Lophostoma	d'Orbigny 1836	GENUS					Lophostoma	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Voy. Amer. Merid. Atlas Zool. vol.4 p.11	Lophostoma silvicolum d'Orbigny, 1836.	Chrotopterus  J. A. Allen, 1910 [not Peters, 1865].			Formerly included Tonatia, but see Lee et al. (2002), who demonstrated that Tonatia as traditionally defined is not monophyletic. Those authors proposed restricting Tonatia to the type species and its close relative (bidens and saurophila), and using the next available generic name (Lophostoma) for the remaining species, which together form a clade that is not closely related to Tonatia. That recommendation is followed here. Keys to species now included in Lophostoma were provided by Genoways and Williams (1984) and Medellín and Arita (1989).	
13801375	Artibeus jamaicensis subsp. paulus	Davis 1970	SUBSPECIES		paulus	jamaicensis	Artibeus	Artibeus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801223	Lophostoma brasiliense	Peters 1866	SPECIES			brasiliense		Lophostoma	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1866 p.674		minuta  Goodwin, 1942; nicaraguae Goodwin, 1942; venezuelae Robinson and Lyon, 1901.	Veracruz (Mexico) south to Peru, Bolivia, NE Brazil; Trinidad.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc) as Tonata brasiliense.	For synonyms see Jones and Carter (1979); but also see Gardner (1976). Hall (1981) listed nicaraguae (including minuta) as a distinct species.	Pygmy Round-eared Bat
13801224	Lophostoma carrikeri	J. A. Allen 1910	SPECIES			carrikeri		Lophostoma	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.28 p.147			Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, N Brazil, Bolivia, Peru.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable as Tonata carrikeri.	See McCarthy et al. (1992).	Carriker's Round-eared Bat
13801225	Lophostoma evotis	Davis and Carter 1978	SPECIES			evotis		Lophostoma	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Occas. Pap. Mus. Texas Tech Univ. vol.53 p.8			S Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, Honduras.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt) as Tonatia evotis.	Formerly included in silvicola. See Medellín and Arita (1989).	Davis's Round-eared Bat
13801226	Lophostoma schulzi	Genoways and Williams 1980	SPECIES			schulzi		Lophostoma	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Carnegie Mus. vol.49 p.205			Guianas, N Brazil.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable as Tonata schulzi.		Schulz's Round-eared Bat
13801227	Lophostoma silvicolum	d'Orbigny 1836	SPECIES			silvicolum		Lophostoma	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Voy. Amer. Merid. Atlas Zool. vol.4 p.11, pl. 7		amblyotis  Wagner, 1843; auritus Sanborn, 1923 [not Peters, 1865]; colombianus Anthony, 1920; midas Pelzeln, 1883; centralis Davis and Carter, 1978; laephotis Thomas, 1910; occidentalis Davis and Carter, 1978.	Honduras to Bolivia, NE Argentina, Guianas, and E Brazil.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc) as Tonatia silvicola.	Includes laephotis and amblyotis; see Davis and Carter (1978). See Medellín and Arita (1989). The species name for this taxon was formerly spelled silvicola when used in Tonatia, but must be spelled silvicolum when combined with Lophostoma, which is a Greek neuter noun. These names have sometimes been spelled sylvicola and sylvicolum, but I retain the original spelling here.	White-throated Round-eared Bat
13801228	Lophostoma silvicolum subsp. silvicolum	d'Orbigny 1836	SUBSPECIES		silvicolum	silvicolum		Lophostoma	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Voy. Amer. Merid. Atlas Zool. vol.4 p.11, pl. 7						
13801229	Lophostoma silvicolum subsp. centralis	Davis and Carter 1978	SUBSPECIES		centralis	silvicolum		Lophostoma	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801230	Lophostoma silvicolum subsp. laephotis	Thomas 1910	SUBSPECIES		laephotis	silvicolum		Lophostoma	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801231	Lophostoma silvicolum subsp. occidentalis	Davis and Carter 1978	SUBSPECIES		occidentalis	silvicolum		Lophostoma	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801232	Macrophyllum	Gray 1838	GENUS					Macrophyllum	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Mag. Zool. Bot. vol.2 p.489	Macrophyllum nieuwiedii Gray, 1838 (= Phyllostoma macrophyllum Schinz, 1821).	Dolichophyllum  Lydekker, 1891; Mesophyllum Vieira, 1942.				
13801233	Macrophyllum macrophyllum	Schinz 1821	SPECIES			macrophyllum		Macrophyllum	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Das Thierreich vol.1 p.163		neuwiedii  Gervais, 1855; nieuwiedii Gray, 1838.	Tabasco (Mexico) south to Peru, Bolivia, SE Brazil, Paraguay, and NE Argentina.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	See Harrison (1975). See Emmons (1997) for distribution map.	Long-legged Bat
13801234	Macrotus	Gray 1843	GENUS					Macrotus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1843 p.21	Macrotus waterhousii Gray, 1843.	Otopterus  Lydekker, 1891.			Revised by Anderson and Nelson (1965).	
13801235	Macrotus californicus	Baird 1858	SPECIES			californicus		Macrotus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. vol.10 p.116			N Sinaloa and SW Chihuahua (Mexico) north to S Nevada and S California (USA); Baja California and Tamaulipas (Mexico).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	For a comparison with waterhousii, see Davis and Baker (1974) and Greenbaum and Baker (1976). Considered to be a subspecies of waterhousii by Anderson (1969a) and Hall (1981).	Californian Leaf-nosed Bat
13801236	Macrotus waterhousii	Gray 1843	SPECIES			waterhousii		Macrotus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1843 p.21		heberfolium  Shamel, 1931; bulleri H. Allen, 1890; compressus Rehn, 1904; jamaicensis Rehn, 1904; mexicanus Saussure, 1860; bocourtianus Dobson, 1876; minor Gundlach, 1864.	Sonora and Hidalgo (Mexico) south to Guatemala; Bahama Isls; Jamaica; Cuba; Cayman Isls (NW of Jamaica); Hispaniola and Beata Isls.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes mexicanus; see Anderson and Nelson (1965). See Anderson (1969a). Caribbean forms reviewed by Timm and Genoways (2003).	Waterhouse's Leaf-nosed Bat
13801243	Micronycteris	Gray 1866	GENUS					Micronycteris	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1866 p.113	Phyllophora megalotis Gray, 1842.	Schizastoma  Gray, 1862 [lapsus for Schizostoma]; Schizostoma Gervais, 1856 [not Bronn, 1835]; Vampirella Reinhardt, 1872 [not Cienkowsky, 1865]; Xenoctenes Miller, 1907.			Includes Xenoctenes; see Simmons (1996). Does not include Barticonycteris, Glyphonycteris, Lampronycteris, Neonycteris, or Trinycteris; see Simmons and Voss (1998) and Wetterer et al. (2000).	
13801244	Micronycteris brosseti	Simmons and Voss 1998	SPECIES			brosseti		Micronycteris	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.273 p.62			E Peru, Guyana, French Guiana, SE Brazil.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Data Deficient.		Brosset's Big-eared Bat
13801245	Micronycteris hirsuta	Peters 1869	SPECIES			hirsuta		Micronycteris	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1869 p.397			Honduras to French Guiana, Trinidad, Amazonian Brazil, Peru, and Ecuador.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Placed in subgenus Xenoctenes by Sanborn (1949), but see Simmons (1996).	Hairy Big-eared Bat
13801246	Micronycteris homezi	Pirlot 1967	SPECIES			homezi		Micronycteris	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Mammalia vol.31 p.265			NW Venezuela, Guyana, French Guiana, Brazil.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Described by Pirlot (1967) as a subspecies of megalotis, but clearly a distinct species; see Simmons and Voss (1998). Also see Bernard (2001) and Lim and Engstrom (2001).	Pirlot's Big-eared Bat
13801247	Micronycteris matses	Simmons, Voss, and Fleck 2002	SPECIES			matses		Micronycteris	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Amer. Mus. Novit. vol.3358 p.5			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Not evaluated (new species).		Matses Big-eared Bat
13801248	Micronycteris megalotis	Gray 1842	SPECIES			megalotis		Micronycteris	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.10 p.257		elongatum  Gray, 1842; megalotes Robinson, 1896; scrobiculatum Wagner, 1855; typica K. Andersen, 1906.	Colombia to Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil; Venezuela and the Guianas; Trinidad and Tobago; Margarita Isl (Venezuela); Grenada; St. Vincent.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Does not include microtis; see Brosset and Charles-Dominique (1990), Simmons (1996), and Simmons and Voss (1998). Does not include mexicana; see Simmons (1996). Does not include homezi; see Simmons and Voss (1998). See Alonso-Mejia and Medellín (1991), but note that these authors included microtis, mexicana, and homezi in megalotis.	Little Big-eared Bat
13801310	Sturnira	Gray 1842	SUBGENUS				Sturnira	Sturnira	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.10 p.257	Sturnira spectrum Gray, 1842 (= Phyllostoma lilium E. Geoffroy, 1810).					
13801249	Micronycteris microtis	Miller 1898	SPECIES			microtis		Micronycteris	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. vol.50 p.328		mexicana  Miller, 1898; pygmaeus Rehn, 1904.	Tamaulipas and Jalisco (Mexico) to northern Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas, northern Brazil, and Bolivia.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Formerly included in megalotis, but see Brosset and Charles-Dominique (1990), Simmons (1996), and Simmons and Voss (1998). Simmons (1996) included mexicana as a subspecies of microtis, but noted that it may be a distinct species.	Common Big-eared Bat
13801250	Micronycteris microtis subsp. microtis	Miller 1898	SUBSPECIES		microtis	microtis		Micronycteris	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. vol.50 p.328		&nbsp; 				
13801251	Micronycteris microtis subsp. mexicana	Miller 1898	SUBSPECIES		mexicana	microtis		Micronycteris	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801252	Micronycteris minuta	Gervais 1856	SPECIES			minuta		Micronycteris	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	In F. Comte de Castelnau, Exped. Partes Cen. Am. Sud., Zool. (Sec. 7) vol.Vol. 1 pt. 2(Mammifères) p.50		hypoleuca  J. A. Allen, 1900.	Honduras to S Brazil, Bolivia, and Peru; Guianas; Trinidad.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	See Simmons (1996), Simmons and Voss (1998), and López-González (1998).	Tiny Big-eared Bat
13801253	Micronycteris sanborni	Simmons 1996	SPECIES			sanborni		Micronycteris	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Amer. Mus. Novit. vol.3158 p.6			NE Brazil, Bolivia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Data Deficient.		Sanborn's Big-eared Bat
13801254	Micronycteris schmidtorum	Sanborn 1935	SPECIES			schmidtorum		Micronycteris	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser. vol.20 p.81			S Mexico to Guianas; NE Peru; Brazil.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Ascorra et al. (1991) reviewed schmidtorum but referred some specimens to this species that were subsequently reidentified as either sanborni (Simmons, 1996) or brosseti (Simmons and Voss, 1998).	Schmidt's Big-eared Bat
13801255	Mimon	Gray 1847	GENUS					Mimon	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1847 p.14	Phyllostoma bennettii Gray, 1838.	Chrotopterus  Elliot, 1904 [not Peters, 1865]; Vampyrus Saussure, 1860 [not Leach, 1821].			Does not include Anthorhina, a name that is actually a junior synonym of Tonatia (see Gardner and Ferrell [1990] and Article 67.8 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature [International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1999]) despite its frequent use as a subgenus of Mimon following Handley (1960). The nominate subgenus of Mimon includes bennettii and cozumelae; the other subgenus (formerly called Anthorhina) includes crenulatum and koepckeae, but there is presently no valid name for this subgenus.	
13801275	Phyllostomus elongatus	E. Geoffroy 1810	SPECIES			elongatus		Phyllostomus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.15 p.182		ater  Gray, 1866.	Bolivia, E Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia to Guianas and E Brazil.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).		Lesser Spear-nosed Bat
13801256	Mimon bennettii	Gray 1838	SPECIES			bennettii		Mimon	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Mag. Zool. Bot. vol.2 p.483		auricularis  Saussure, 1860; auritus Elliot, 1904.	Guianas; SE Brazil.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Does not include cozumelae; see McCarthy (1987), McCarthy et al. (1993), and Simmons and Voss (1998).	Southern Golden Bat
13801257	Mimon cozumelae	Goldman 1914	SPECIES			cozumelae		Mimon	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.27 p.75			S Mexico to Colombia	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Formerly included in bennettii (see Hall, 1981; Schaldach, 1965; Villa-R., 1967), but recognized as a distinct species by McCarthy (1987), McCarthy et al. (1993), and Simmons and Voss (1998).	Cozumelan Golden Bat
13801258	Mimon crenulatum	E. Geoffroy 1803	SPECIES			crenulatum		Mimon	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Cat. Mamm. Mus. Nat. d'Hist. Nat. p.61		keenani  Handley, 1960; longifolium Wagner, 1843; peruanum Thomas, 1923; picatum Thomas, 1903.	Chiapas and Campeche (Mexico) to Guianas, E Brazil, Bolivia, Ecuador and E Peru; Trinidad.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Does not include koepckeae; see Gardner and Patton (1972). Reviewed by Handley (1960), Jones and Carter (1979), and Koopman (1978b). Because Wilson and Reeder (1993) did not treat names established in E. Geoffroy (1803) as available, Koopman (1993) attributed authorship of crenulatum to a later work by E. Geoffroy, but this name was actually published in the 1803 volume, which is now accepted (Grubb, 2001a; Opinion 2005 of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 2002b).	Striped Hairy-nosed Bat
13801259	Mimon crenulatum subsp. crenulatum	E. Geoffroy 1803	SUBSPECIES		crenulatum	crenulatum		Mimon	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Cat. Mamm. Mus. Nat. d'Hist. Nat. p.61		&nbsp; 				
13801260	Mimon crenulatum subsp. keenani	Handley 1960	SUBSPECIES		keenani	crenulatum		Mimon	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801261	Mimon crenulatum subsp. longifolium	Wagner 1843	SUBSPECIES		longifolium	crenulatum		Mimon	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801262	Mimon crenulatum subsp. picatum	Thomas 1903	SUBSPECIES		picatum	crenulatum		Mimon	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801311	Corvira	Thomas 1915	SUBGENUS				Corvira	Sturnira	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801495	Pteronotus parnellii subsp. mesoamericanus	Smith 1972	SUBSPECIES		mesoamericanus	parnellii	Phyllodia	Pteronotus	Mormoopidae	Chiroptera							
13801263	Mimon koepckeae	Gardner and Patton 1972	SPECIES			koepckeae		Mimon	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Occas. Papers Mus. Zool. Louisiana State Univ. vol.43 p.7			Highlands of central Peru.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Koopman (1993, 1994) treated koepckeae as a subspecies of crenulatum, but this does not appear justified given the data presented by Gardner and Patton (1972).	Koepcke's Hairy-nosed Bat
13801264	Neonycteris	Sanborn 1949	GENUS					Neonycteris	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Fieldiana Zool. vol.31 p.226	Micronycteris pusilla Sanborn, 1949.				Recognized as a subgenus of Micronycteris by Sanborn (1949) and Simmons (1996); raised to genus rank by Wetterer et al. (2000).	
13801265	Neonycteris pusilla	Sanborn 1949	SPECIES			pusilla		Neonycteris	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Fieldiana Zool. vol.31 p.228			NW Brazil, E Colombia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable as Micronycteris pusilla.	Known only from the type series.	Least Big-eared Bat
13801266	Phylloderma	Peters 1865	GENUS					Phylloderma	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1865 p.513	Phylloderma stenops Peters, 1865.	Guandira  Gray, 1866.			Included in Phyllostomus by Baker et al. (1988b) and Van Den Bussche and Baker (1993), but see Simmons and Voss (1998) and Wetterer et al. (2000).	
13801267	Phylloderma stenops	Peters 1865	SPECIES			stenops		Phylloderma	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1865 p.513		cayenensis  Gray, 1866; boliviensis Barquez and Ojeda, 1979; septentrionalis Goodwin, 1940.	S Mexico to SE Brazil, Bolivia, and Peru.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes septentrionalis; see Jones and Carter (1976). Bolivian form reviewed by Bárquez and Ojeda (1979). See Emmons (1997) for distribution map.	Pale-faced Bat
13801268	Phylloderma stenops subsp. stenops	Peters 1865	SUBSPECIES		stenops	stenops		Phylloderma	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1865 p.513						
13801269	Phylloderma stenops subsp. boliviensis	Barquez and Ojeda 1979	SUBSPECIES		boliviensis	stenops		Phylloderma	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801270	Phylloderma stenops subsp. septentrionalis	Goodwin 1940	SUBSPECIES		septentrionalis	stenops		Phylloderma	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801271	Phyllostomus	Lacépède 1799	GENUS					Phyllostomus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Tabl. Div. Subd. Order Genres Mammifères p.16	V(espertilio) hastatus Pallas, 1767.	Alectops  Gray, 1866; Phyllostoma Cuvier, 1800.			Does not include Phylloderma, but see Baker et al. (1988b) and Van Den Bussche and Baker (1993). Phylogenetic relationships among species discussed by Baker et al. (1988b) and Van Den Bussche and Baker (1993).	
13801272	Phyllostomus discolor	Wagner 1843	SPECIES			discolor		Phyllostomus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Arch. Naturgesch. vol.9 1 p.366		angusticeps  Gervais, 1856; innominatum Tschudi, 1844; verrucosus Elliot, 1905.	Oaxaca and Veracruz (Mexico) to Guianas, SE Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, N Argentina and Peru; Trinidad; Margarita Isl (Venezeula).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).		Pale Spear-nosed Bat
13801273	Phyllostomus discolor subsp. discolor	Wagner 1843	SUBSPECIES		discolor	discolor		Phyllostomus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Arch. Naturgesch. vol.9 1 p.366						
13801376	Artibeus jamaicensis subsp. planirostris	Spix 1823	SUBSPECIES		planirostris	jamaicensis	Artibeus	Artibeus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801377	Artibeus jamaicensis subsp. richardsoni	J. A. Allen 1908	SUBSPECIES		richardsoni	jamaicensis	Artibeus	Artibeus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801276	Phyllostomus hastatus	Pallas 1767	SPECIES			hastatus		Phyllostomus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Spicil. Zool. vol.3 p.7		aruma  Thomas, 1924; curaca Cabrera, 1912; maximus Wied, 1821; panamensis J. A. Allen, 1904; caucae J. A. Allen, 1916; caurae J. A. Allen, 1904; paeze Thomas, 1924.	Guatemala and Belize to the Guianas, Brazil, Paraguay, N Argentina, Bolivia, and Peru; Trinidad and Tobago; Margarita Isl (Venezuela).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).		Greater Spear-nosed Bat
13801277	Phyllostomus hastatus subsp. hastatus	Pallas 1767	SUBSPECIES		hastatus	hastatus		Phyllostomus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Spicil. Zool. vol.3 p.7						
13801278	Phyllostomus hastatus subsp. panamensis	J. A. Allen 1904	SUBSPECIES		panamensis	hastatus		Phyllostomus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801279	Phyllostomus latifolius	Thomas 1901	SPECIES			latifolius		Phyllostomus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.8 p.142			Guianas, SE Colombia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Clearly distinct from elongatus.	Guianan Spear-nosed Bat
13801280	Tonatia	Gray 1827	GENUS					Tonatia	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	In Griffith, Anim. Kingdom vol.5 p.71	Vampyrus bidens Spix, 1823.	Anthorhina  Lydekker, 1891; Phyllostoma Gray, 1838 [not Cuvier, 1800]; Tylostoma Gervais, 1855; Vampyrus Spix, 1823 [not Leach, 1821].			Tonatia as traditionally defined was recently shown to be non-monophyletic (see Lee et al., 2002), and so has been restricted to include only the type species (bidens) and its close relative (saurophila). The remaining species, which together form a clade that is not closely related to Tonatia, are here transferred to Lophostoma following the recommendation of Lee et al. (2002). Keys to Tonatia have been published by several authors, but only one publication  Williams et al. (1995)  describes distinctions between the species now included in the genus.	
13801281	Tonatia bidens	Spix 1823	SPECIES			bidens		Tonatia	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Sim. Vespert. Brasil. p.65		childreni  Gray, 1838.	NE Brazil to N Argentina and Paraguay.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Most material previously referred to bidens from Central America and northern South America is now recognized as saurophila; see Williams et al. (1995).	Greater Round-eared Bat
13801282	Tonatia saurophila	Koopman and Williams 1951	SPECIES			saurophila		Tonatia	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Amer. Mus. Novit. vol.1519 p.11		bakeri  Williams, Willig, and Reid, 1995; maresi Williams, Willig, and Reid, 1995.	Chiapas (Mexico) and Belize to Peru, Bolivia, Venezuela, the Guianas, and NE Brazil; Trinidad.	IUCN 2003  Lower Risk (lc); not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Originally described from fossils from Jamaica. Reviewed by Williams et al. (1995).	Stripe-headed Round-eared Bat
13801283	Tonatia saurophila subsp. saurophila	Koopman and Williams 1951	SUBSPECIES		saurophila	saurophila		Tonatia	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Amer. Mus. Novit. vol.1519 p.11		&nbsp; 				
13801284	Tonatia saurophila subsp. bakeri	Williams, Willig, and Reid 1995	SUBSPECIES		bakeri	saurophila		Tonatia	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801285	Tonatia saurophila subsp. maresi	Williams, Willig, and Reid 1995	SUBSPECIES		maresi	saurophila		Tonatia	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801286	Trachops	Gray 1847	GENUS					Trachops	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1847 p.14	Trachops fuliginosus Gray, 1865 (= Vampyrus cirrhosus Spix, 1823).	Istiophorus  Gray, 1825 [not Lacépède, 1802]; Histiophorus Agassiz, 1846; Trachyops Peters, 1865; Tylostoma Saussure, 1860 [not Gervais, 1855 or Gervais, 1856).				
13801287	Trachops cirrhosus	Spix 1823	SPECIES			cirrhosus		Trachops	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Sim. Vespert. Brasil. p.64		fuliginosus  Gray, 1865; coffini Goldman, 1925; ehrhardti Felten, 1956.	Oaxaca (Mexico) to Guianas, SE Brazil, Bolivia and Ecuador; Trinidad.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Cramer et al. (2001).	Fringe-lipped Bat
13801288	Trachops cirrhosus subsp. cirrhosus	Spix 1823	SUBSPECIES		cirrhosus	cirrhosus		Trachops	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Sim. Vespert. Brasil. p.64						
13801289	Trachops cirrhosus subsp. coffini	Goldman 1925	SUBSPECIES		coffini	cirrhosus		Trachops	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801290	Trachops cirrhosus subsp. ehrhardti	Felten 1956	SUBSPECIES		ehrhardti	cirrhosus		Trachops	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801291	Trinycteris	Sanborn 1949	GENUS					Trinycteris	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Fieldiana Zool. vol.31 p.228	Micronycteris nicefori Sanborn, 1949.				Recognized as a subgenus of Micronycteris by Sanborn (1949) and Simmons (1996); raised to genus rank by Simmons and Voss (1998) following information later published in Wetterer et al. (2000).	
13801292	Trinycteris nicefori	Sanborn 1949	SPECIES			nicefori		Trinycteris	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Fieldiana Zool. vol.31 p.230			Belize to N Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Amazonian Brazil, Ecuador, and Peru; Bolivia; Trinidad.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc) as Micronycteris nicefori.	See Simmons and Voss (1998).	Niceforo's Bat
13801293	Vampyrum	Rafinesque 1815	GENUS					Vampyrum	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Analyse de la Nature p.54	Vespertilio spectrum Linnaeus, 1758.	Vampirus  Lesson, 1827; Vampyrus Leach, 1821.				
13801324	Sturnira lilium subsp. zygomaticus	Jones and Phillips 1976	SUBSPECIES		zygomaticus	lilium	Sturnira	Sturnira	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801294	Vampyrum spectrum	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			spectrum		Vampyrum	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.31		guianensis  Lacépède, 1789; maximus E. Geoffroy, 1806; nasutus Shaw, 1800; nelsoni Goldman, 1917.	Veracruz (Mexico) to Ecuador and Peru, Bolivia, N and SW Brazil, and Guianas; Trinidad; perhaps Jamaica.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	See Navarro and Wilson (1982). See Emmons (1997) for distribution map.	Spectral Bat
13801295	Carolliinae	Miller 1924	SUBFAMILY						Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus. vol.128 p.53					May not be monophyletic; see Lim and Engstrom (1998), Wright et al. (1999), and Baker et al. (2000). Treated as a tribe within Stenodermatinae by McKenna and Bell (1997), but see Wetterer et al. (2000).	
13801296	Carollia	Gray 1838	GENUS					Carollia	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Mag. Zool. Bot. vol.2 p.488	Carollia braziliensis Gray, 1838 (= Vespertilio perspicillata Linnaeus, 1758).	Hemiderma  Gervais, 1856; Rhinops Gray, 1866.			Revised by Pine (1972); phylogeny and geographic patterns discussed by Lim and Engstrom (1998), Wright et al. (1999), Baker et al. (2002), and Hoffman and Baker (2003). Also see Cloutier and Thomas (1992) and Cuartas et al. (2001). Keys were provided by many of these authors, but none included all of the species recognized here.	
13801312	Sturnira aratathomasi	Peterson and Tamsitt 1968	SPECIES			aratathomasi	Sturnira	Sturnira	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	R. Ontario Mus. Life Sci. Occas. Pap. vol.12 p.1			Colombia, Ecuador, NW Venezuela, Peru.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Sturnira. See Soriano and Molinari (1987).	Aratathomas's Yellow-shouldered Bat
13801442	Pygoderma bilabiatum subsp. bilabiatum	Wagner 1843	SUBSPECIES		bilabiatum	bilabiatum		Pygoderma	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Arch. Naturgesch. vol.1 p.366						
13801297	Carollia brevicauda	Schinz 1821	SPECIES			brevicauda		Carollia	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Das Thierreich vol.1 p.164		bicolor  Wagner, 1840; grayi Waterhouse, 1838; lanceolatum Natterer, 1843 [nomen nudum]; minor Gray, 1866.	E Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and N &amp; E Brazil; Trinidad.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Long confused with perspicillata or subrufa; see Pine (1972). Range restricted to N South America and E Panama by Baker et al. (2002), who referred all Central American records (from W Panama north through Mexico) to sowelli. It is possible that these taxa occur in sympatry in Panama, but this has not yet been demonstrated.	Silky Short-tailed Bat
13801298	Carollia castanea	H. Allen 1890	SPECIES			castanea		Carollia	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. vol.28 p.19			Honduras to Peru, Bolivia, W Brazil and Venezuela.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	This complex probably includes more than one species; see Hoffman and Baker (2003).	Chestnut Short-tailed Bat
13801299	Carollia colombiana	Cuartas, Muñoz, and González 2001	SPECIES			colombiana		Carollia	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Actual. Biol. vol.23 75 p.65			Cordillera Central of N Colombia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Not evaluated (new species).	Known only from the type locality.	Colombian Short-tailed Bat
13801300	Carollia perspicillata	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			perspicillata		Carollia	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.31		amplexicaudata  E. Geoffroy, 1818; azteca Saussure, 1860; brachyotus Schinz, 1821; braziliensis Gray, 1838; calcaratum Wagner, 1843; tricolor Miller, 1902; verrucata Gray, 1844.	Oaxaca, Veracruz and Yucatán Peninsula (Mexico) to Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, SE Brazil and Guianas; Trinidad and Tobago; perhaps Jamaica, N Lesser Antilles. A record from Grenada (Lesser Antilles) is probably erroneous; see Genoways et al. (1998).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes tricolor; see Pine (1972). Some authors have recognized subspecies, but see Pine (1972), McLellan (1984), and Koopman (1994). See also Cloutier and Thomas (1992). Phylogeography discussed by Ditchfield (2000).	Seba's Short-tailed Bat
13801301	Carollia sowelli	Baker, Solari, and Hoffmann 2002	SPECIES			sowelli		Carollia	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Occ. Pap. Mus. Texas Tech. Univ. vol.217 p.4			San Luis Potosi (Mexico) south to W Panama.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Not evaluated (new species).	Specimens of this species were previously referred to brevicauda, which is now thought to be restricted to E Panama and South America; see Wright et al. (1999), Baker et al. (2002), and Hoffman and Baker (2003). It is possible that these taxa occur in sympatry in Panama, but this has not yet been demonstrated.	Sowells Short-tailed Bat
13801302	Carollia subrufa	Hahn 1905	SPECIES			subrufa		Carollia	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.18 p.247			Jalisco (Mexico) to NW Nicaragua. A report of this species from Guyana (Koopman, 1993) appears to be in error (B. Lim, pers. comm.).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Not a subspecies of castanea; see Pine (1972).	Gray Short-tailed Bat
13801303	Rhinophylla	Peters 1865	GENUS					Rhinophylla	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1865 p.355	Rhinophylla pumilio Peters, 1865.				Phylogeny and geographic patterns discussed by Lim and Engstrom (1998) and Wright et al. (1999).	
13801304	Rhinophylla alethina	Handley 1966	SPECIES			alethina		Rhinophylla	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.79 p.86			W Colombia, W Ecuador.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).		Hairy Little Fruit Bat
13801305	Rhinophylla fischerae	Carter 1966	SPECIES			fischerae		Rhinophylla	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.79 p.235			Peru, Ecuador, SE Colombia, S Venezuela, Amazonian Brazil.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).		Fischer's Little Fruit Bat
13801306	Rhinophylla pumilio	Peters 1865	SPECIES			pumilio		Rhinophylla	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1865 p.355			Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia to Guianas and E Brazil.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).		Dwarf Little Fruit Bat
13801371	Artibeus jamaicensis subsp. fallax	Peters 1865	SUBSPECIES		fallax	jamaicensis	Artibeus	Artibeus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801307	Stenodermatinae	Gervais 1856	SUBFAMILY						Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	In F. Comte de Castelnau, Exped. Partes Cen. Am. Sud., Zool.(Sec. 7) vol.Vol. 1 pt. 2(Mammifères) p.32 footnote.					McKenna and Bell (1997) included Carolliinae as a tribe (Carolliini) within Stenodermatinae, but the traditional usage of these group names is retained here; see discussion in Wetterer et al. (2000). Phylogenetic relationships have been discussed by Owen (1987, 1991), Lim (1993), Van Den Bussche et al. (1993a), Wetterer et al. (2000), and Baker et al. (2000).	
13801308	Sturnirini	Miller 1907	TRIBE						Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus. vol.57 p.33					Monogeneric; equivalent to subtribe Sturnirina of McKenna and Bell (1997). See discussion in Wetterer et al. (2000). Relationships and biogeography reviewed by Pacheco and Patterson (1992).	
13801309	Sturnira	Gray 1842	GENUS					Sturnira	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.10 p.257	Sturnira spectrum Gray, 1842 (= Phyllostoma lilium E. Geoffroy, 1810).	Corvira  Thomas, 1915; Nyctiplanus Gray, 1849; Stenoderma Gray, 1847 [not Geoffroy, 1813]; Sturnirops Goodwin, 1938.			Includes Corvira; see Jones and Carter (1976). Davis (1980) gave a key to all but one of the species recognized here. Two subgenera are recognized, Sturnira and Corvira. Phylogenies of the genus have been proposed by Pacheco and Patterson (1991) and Villalobos and Valerio (2002).	
13801313	Sturnira bidens	Thomas 1915	SPECIES			bidens	Corvira	Sturnira	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.16 p.310			Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, perhaps Amazonian Brazil.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Corvira. Formerly placed in a distinct genus (Corvira); see Gardner and O'Neill (1969) and Jones and Carter (1976). See Molinari and Soriano (1987).	Bidentate Yellow-shouldered Bat
13801314	Sturnira bogotensis	Shamel 1927	SPECIES			bogotensis	Sturnira	Sturnira	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.40 p.129			Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Records from Venezuela, Bolivia, and Argentina are erroneous (see Pacheco and Patterson, 1992).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Sturnira. Often confused with erythromos, ludovici, and oporaphilum, but see Handley (1976) and Pacheco and Patterson (1992).	Bogotan Yellow-shouldered Bat
13801315	Sturnira erythromos	Tschudi 1844	SPECIES			erythromos	Sturnira	Sturnira	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Fauna Peruana p.64			Venezuela to Peru, Bolivia, and NW Argentina.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Sturnira. Reviewed by Pacheco and Patterson (1992); also see Giannini and Barquez (2003).	Hairy Yellow-shouldered Bat
13801316	Sturnira lilium	E. Geoffroy 1810	SPECIES			lilium	Sturnira	Sturnira	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.15 p.181		albescens  Wagner, 1847; chilense Gray, 1847; chrysocomos Wagner, 1855; erythromas, Tschudi, 1844; excisum Wagner, 1842; fumarium Wagner, 1847; oporophilum Tschudi, 1844; rotundatus Gray, 1849; spectrum Gray, 1842; spiculatum Illiger, 1825; vampyrus Schinz, 1845; angeli de la Torre, 1966; luciae Jones and Phillips, 1976; parvidens Goldman, 1917; paulsoni de la Torre, 1966; serotinus Genoways, 1998; vulcanensis Genoways, 1998; zygomaticus Jones and Phillips, 1976.	Lesser Antilles; Sonora and Tamaulipas (Mexico) south to Bolivia, Paraguay, N Argentina, Uruguay, and E Brazil; Trinidad and Tobago; Grenada; perhaps Jamaica.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Sturnira. Includes angeli and paulsoni; see Jones and Phillips (1976). Reviewed in part by Jones and Phillips (1976), Genoways (1998), and Timm and Genoways (2003); also see Jones (1989) and Gannon et al. (1989). Phylogeography discussed by Ditchfield (2000).	Little Yellow-shouldered Bat
13700590	Sorex shinto subsp. sadonis	Yoshiyuki and Imaizumi 1986	SUBSPECIES		sadonis	shinto	Sorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13801317	Sturnira lilium subsp. lilium	E. Geoffroy 1810	SUBSPECIES		lilium	lilium	Sturnira	Sturnira	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.15 p.181						
13801318	Sturnira lilium subsp. angeli	de la Torre 1966	SUBSPECIES		angeli	lilium	Sturnira	Sturnira	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801319	Sturnira lilium subsp. luciae	Jones and Phillips 1976	SUBSPECIES		luciae	lilium	Sturnira	Sturnira	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801320	Sturnira lilium subsp. parvidens	Goldman 1917	SUBSPECIES		parvidens	lilium	Sturnira	Sturnira	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801321	Sturnira lilium subsp. paulsoni	de la Torre 1966	SUBSPECIES		paulsoni	lilium	Sturnira	Sturnira	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801322	Sturnira lilium subsp. serotinus	Genoways 1998	SUBSPECIES		serotinus	lilium	Sturnira	Sturnira	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801323	Sturnira lilium subsp. vulcanensis	Genoways 1998	SUBSPECIES		vulcanensis	lilium	Sturnira	Sturnira	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801325	Sturnira ludovici	Anthony 1924	SPECIES			ludovici	Sturnira	Sturnira	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.139 p.8		hondurensis  Goodwin, 1940; occidentalis Jones and Phillips, 1964.	Ecuador and Guyana north to Sonora and Tamaulipas (Mexico).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Sturnira. Includes hondurensis; see Jones and Carter (1976). Bolivian records probably pertain to oporaphilum; Peruvian ones definitely do; see Anderson et al. (1982) and Pacheco and Patterson (1992).	Highland Yellow-shouldered Bat
13801326	Sturnira ludovici subsp. ludovici	Anthony 1924	SUBSPECIES		ludovici	ludovici	Sturnira	Sturnira	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.139 p.8		&nbsp; 				
13801327	Sturnira ludovici subsp. hondurensis	Goodwin 1940	SUBSPECIES		hondurensis	ludovici	Sturnira	Sturnira	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801328	Sturnira ludovici subsp. occidentalis	Jones and Phillips 1964	SUBSPECIES		occidentalis	ludovici	Sturnira	Sturnira	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801329	Sturnira luisi	Davis 1980	SPECIES			luisi	Sturnira	Sturnira	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Occas. Pap. Mus. Texas Tech Univ. vol.70 p.1			Costa Rica to Ecuador and NW Peru.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Sturnira. The presence of this species in Colombia has not been verified; previously confused with Sturnira ludovici (Tamsitt, in Honacki et al., 1982). Brosset and Charles-Dominique (1990) suggested that luisi might be conspecific with tildae, but see Simmons and Voss (1998).	Luis's Yellow-shouldered Bat
13801443	Pygoderma bilabiatum subsp. magna	Owen and Webster 1983	SUBSPECIES		magna	bilabiatum		Pygoderma	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801330	Sturnira magna	de la Torre 1966	SPECIES			magna	Sturnira	Sturnira	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.79 p.267			Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, W Brazil, Bolivia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Sturnira. See Tamsitt and Häuser (1985).	Greater Yellow-shouldered Bat
13801331	Sturnira mistratensis	Vega and Cadena 2000	SPECIES			mistratensis	Sturnira	Sturnira	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. vol.24 p.286			W Andes of Colombia.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated (new species); and not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Subgenus Sturnira. Known only from the holotype.	Mistratoan Yellow-shouldered Bat
13801332	Sturnira mordax	Goodwin 1938	SPECIES			mordax	Sturnira	Sturnira	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.976 p.1			Costa Rica, Panama.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Sturnira. Formerly included in Sturnirops; see Davis et al. (1964).	Talamancan Yellow-shouldered Bat
13801333	Sturnira nana	Gardner and O'Neill 1971	SPECIES			nana	Corvira	Sturnira	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool. La. St. Univ. vol.42 p.1			S Peru.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	Subgenus Corvira.	Lesser Yellow-shouldered Bat
13801334	Sturnira oporaphilum	Tschudi 1844	SPECIES			oporaphilum	Sturnira	Sturnira	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Fauna Peruana p.64			Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and NW Argentina.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Subgenus Sturnira. Often confused with bogotensis; see Pacheco and Patterson (1992).	Tschudi's Yellow-shouldered Bat
13801335	Sturnira thomasi	de la Torre and Schwartz 1966	SPECIES			thomasi	Sturnira	Sturnira	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.79 p.299			Guadeloupe and Montserrat (Lesser Antilles).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Endangered.	Subgenus Sturnira. See Jones and Genoways (1975c) and Pedersen et al. (1996).	Thomas's Yellow-shouldered Bat
13801336	Sturnira tildae	de la Torre 1959	SPECIES			tildae	Sturnira	Sturnira	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Chicago Acad. Sci. Nat. Hist. Misc. vol.166 p.1			Brazil, Guianas, Venezuela, Trinidad, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Sturnira. Does not include luisi; see Simmons and Voss (1998).	Tilda's Yellow-shouldered Bat
13801337	Stenodermatini	Gervais 1856	TRIBE						Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	In Comte de Castelnau, Exped. Partes Cen. Am. Sud., Zool.(Sec. 7) vol.Vol. 1 pt. 2(Mammifères) p.32 footnote					Equivalent to subtribe Stenodermatina of McKenna and Bell (1997). The subtribal classification used here follows Wetterer et al. (2000). The subtribe Ectophyllina may be paraphylletic (see Baker et al., 2000), but there is strong support for monophyly of the subtribe Stenodermatina from both morphology and DNA sequence data (Baker et al., 2000; Wetterer et al. 2000).	
13801338	Ametrida	Gray 1847	GENUS					Ametrida	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1847 p.15	Ametrida centurio Gray, 1847.				Subtribe Stenodermatina. Revised by Peterson (1965b).	
13801339	Ametrida centurio	Gray 1847	SPECIES			centurio		Ametrida	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1847 p.15		minor  H. Allen, 1894.	Amazonian Brazil, Guianas, Panama, Venezuela, Trinidad, Bonaire Isl (Netherlands Antilles).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes minor; see Jones and Carter (1976). See Emmons (1997) for distribution map.	Little White-shouldered Bat
13801340	Ardops	Miller 1906	GENUS					Ardops	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.19 p.84	Stenoderma nichollsi Thomas, 1891.				Subtribe Stenodermatina. Revised by Jones and Schwartz (1967). Included under Stenoderma by Varona (1974) and Simpson (1945), but see Jones and Carter (1976).	
13801341	Ardops nichollsi	Thomas 1891	SPECIES			nichollsi		Ardops	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.7 p.529		annectens  Miller, 1913; koopmani Jones and Schwartz, 1967; luciae Miller, 1902; montserratensis Thomas, 1894.	Lesser Antilles, from St. Eustatius to St. Vincent.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	For discussion of subspecies see Jones and Schwartz (1967) and Jones (1989). See also Jones and Genoways (1973).	Tree Bat
13801342	Ardops nichollsi subsp. nichollsi	Thomas 1891	SUBSPECIES		nichollsi	nichollsi		Ardops	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.7 p.529		&nbsp; 				
13801343	Ardops nichollsi subsp. annectens	Miller 1913	SUBSPECIES		annectens	nichollsi		Ardops	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801344	Ardops nichollsi subsp. koopmani	Jones and Schwartz 1967	SUBSPECIES		koopmani	nichollsi		Ardops	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801345	Ardops nichollsi subsp. luciae	Miller 1902	SUBSPECIES		luciae	nichollsi		Ardops	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801346	Ardops nichollsi subsp. montserratensis	Thomas 1894	SUBSPECIES		montserratensis	nichollsi		Ardops	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801347	Ariteus	Gray 1838	GENUS					Ariteus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Mag. Zool. Bot. vol.2 p.491	Istiophorus flavescens Gray, 1831.	Peltorhinus  Peters, 1876.			Subtribe Stenodermatina. Included as a subgenus of Stenoderma by Varona (1974) and Simpson (1945); but see Jones and Carter (1976).	
13801348	Ariteus flavescens	Gray 1831	SPECIES			flavescens		Ariteus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Zool. Misc. vol.1 p.37		achradophilus  Gosse, 1851.	Jamaica.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	See Timm and Genoways (2003).	Jamaican Fig-eating Bat
13801349	Artibeus	Leach 1821	GENUS					Artibeus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol.13 p.75	Artibeus jamaicensis Leach, 1821.	Arctibeus  Gray, 1838; Artibaeus Gervais, 1856; Artibius Bonaparte, 1847; Artobius Winge, 1892; Dermanura Gervais, 1856; Koopmania Owen, 1991; Medateus Leach, 1821; Pteroderma Gervais, 1856.			Subtribe Ectophyllina. Includes three subgenera as recognized here: Artibeus, Dermanura, and Koopmania. Does not include Enchisthenes; see Lim (1993), Van Den Bussche et al. (1993a, 1998), Baker et al. (2000), and Wetterer et al. (2000). Some researchers regard Dermanura as a distinct genus, but I prefer to treat it as a subgenus of Artibeus in recognition of its close phylogenetic affinities with Artibeus sensu stricto (see phylogenies in Van Den Bussche et al. [1993a, 1998], Baker et al. [2000], and Wetterer et al. [2000]). Large-bodied species (subgenus Artibeus) were reviewed by Marques-Aguiar (1994); see also Lim and Wilson (1993). Handley (1987) reviewed the smaller species (subgenera Dermanura and Koopmania). Species relationships discussed by Marques-Aguiar (1994) and Van Den Bussche et al. (1998).	
13801350	Artibeus	Leach 1821	SUBGENUS				Artibeus	Artibeus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol.13 p.75	Artibeus jamaicensis Leach, 1821.					
13801351	Dermanura	Gervais 1856	SUBGENUS				Dermanura	Artibeus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801352	Koopmania	Owen 1991	SUBGENUS				Koopmania	Artibeus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801353	Artibeus amplus	Handley 1987	SPECIES			amplus	Artibeus	Artibeus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Fieldiana, Zool., n.s. vol.39 p.164			Guyana, Venezuela, N Colombia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Artibeus. Reviewed by Lim and Wilson (1993).	Large Fruit-eating Bat
13801354	Artibeus anderseni	Osgood 1916	SPECIES			anderseni	Dermanura	Artibeus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser. vol.10 p.212			W Brazil, Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Dermanura. Previously considered a subspecies of cinereus, but see Koopman (1978b) and Handley (1987).	Andersen's Fruit-eating Bat
13801355	Artibeus aztecus	K. Andersen 1906	SPECIES			aztecus	Dermanura	Artibeus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.18 p.422		major  Davis, 1969; minor Davis, 1969.	Michoacan and Oaxaca to Nuevo León and Sinaloa (Mexico), south to W Panama.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Dermanura. Not a subspecies of cinereus; see Jones and Carter (1976). Revised by Davis (1969). See Webster and Jones (1982b).	Aztec Fruit-eating Bat
13801356	Artibeus aztecus subsp. aztecus	K. Andersen 1906	SUBSPECIES		aztecus	aztecus	Dermanura	Artibeus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.18 p.422		&nbsp; 				
13801357	Artibeus aztecus subsp. major	Davis 1969	SUBSPECIES		major	aztecus	Dermanura	Artibeus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801358	Artibeus aztecus subsp. minor	Davis 1969	SUBSPECIES		minor	aztecus	Dermanura	Artibeus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801373	Artibeus jamaicensis subsp. hercules	Rehn 1902	SUBSPECIES		hercules	jamaicensis	Artibeus	Artibeus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801374	Artibeus jamaicensis subsp. parvipes	Rehn 1902	SUBSPECIES		parvipes	jamaicensis	Artibeus	Artibeus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801359	Artibeus cinereus	Gervais 1856	SPECIES			cinereus	Dermanura	Artibeus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	In Comte de Castelnau, Exped. Partes Cen. Am. Sud., Zool. (Sec. 7) vol.Vol. 1 pt. 2 (Mammifères) p.36		quadrivittatus  Peters, 1865.	Guianas, Venezuela, N Brazil, Peru, Trinidad.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Dermanura. Does not include gnomus or glaucus; see Handley (1987).	Gervais's Fruit-eating Bat
13801360	Artibeus concolor	Peters 1865	SPECIES			concolor	Koopmania	Artibeus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1865 p.357			Guianas, Venezuela, Colombia, N Brazil, Peru.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Koopmania. A revised diagnosis was presented by Owen (1991), who placed this species in its own genus (Koopmania), which is here considered a subgenus of Artibeus based on phylogenetic results of Marques-Aguiar (1994), Van Den Bussche et al. (1998), Baker et al. (2000), and Wetterer et al. (2000). See Acosta and Owen (1993).	Brown Fruit-eating Bat
13801361	Artibeus fimbriatus	Gray 1838	SPECIES			fimbriatus	Artibeus	Artibeus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Mag. Zool. Bot. vol.2 p.487		grandis  Dobson, 1878 [nomen nudum].	S Brazil, Paraguay.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Artibeus. Reviewed by Handley (1989) and Marques-Aguiar (1994).	Fringed Fruit-eating Bat
13801444	Sphaeronycteris	Peters 1882	GENUS					Sphaeronycteris	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Sitzb. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. vol.45 p.988	Sphaeronycteris toxophyllum Peters, 1882.				Subtribe Stenodermatina.	
13801362	Artibeus fraterculus	Anthony 1924	SPECIES			fraterculus	Artibeus	Artibeus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.114 p.5			Ecuador, Peru.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	Subgenus Artibeus. Considered a subspecies of jamaicensis by Jones and Carter (1976), but see Koopman (1978b) and Marques-Aguiar (1994).	Fraternal Fruit-eating Bat
13801363	Artibeus glaucus	Thomas 1893	SPECIES			glaucus	Dermanura	Artibeus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1893 p.336		bogotensis  K. Andersen, 1906; pumilio Thomas, 1924; rosenbergii Thomas, 1897.	S Mexico to Bolivia and S Brazil; Grenada (Lesser Antilles).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Dermanura. Does not include gnomus or watsoni; see Handley (1987). Koopman (1994) recognized several subspecies in this complex (which he referred to cinereus), but the boundaries among them are unclear. Caribbean records reviewed by Genoways et al. (1998).	Silvery Fruit-eating Bat
13801364	Artibeus gnomus	Handley 1987	SPECIES			gnomus	Dermanura	Artibeus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Fieldiana Zool. vol.39 p.167			Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Amazonian Brazil, Venezuela, Guianas.	IUCN 2003  Not listed (lapsus); IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Dermanura. Distinct from cinereus and glaucus; see Handley (1987), Brosset and Charles-Dominique (1990), and Simmons and Voss (1998).	Dwarf Fruit-eating Bat
13801365	Artibeus hirsutus	K. Andersen 1906	SPECIES			hirsutus	Artibeus	Artibeus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.18 p.420			Sonora to Guerrero (Mexico).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	Subgenus Artibeus. See Webster and Jones (1983) and Marques-Aguiar (1994).	Hairy Fruit-eating Bat
13801366	Artibeus incomitatus	Kalko and Handley 1994	SPECIES			incomitatus	Dermanura	Artibeus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Z. Säugtierk. vol.59 p.260			Known only from type locality.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Data Deficient.	Subgenus Dermanura. Closely related to watsoni; see Kalko and Handley (1994).	Solitary Fruit-eating Bat
13700637	Scalopus aquaticus subsp. aquaticus	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		aquaticus	aquaticus		Scalopus	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.53						
13801367	Artibeus inopinatus	Davis and Carter 1964	SPECIES			inopinatus	Artibeus	Artibeus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.77 p.119			El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	Subgenus Artibeus. Closely related to hirsutus but apparently distinct; see Marques-Aguiar (1994). See Webster and Jones (1983).	Honduran Fruit-eating Bat
13801368	Artibeus jamaicensis	Leach 1821	SPECIES			jamaicensis	Artibeus	Artibeus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol.13 p.75		carpolegus  Gosse, 1851; coryi J. A. Allen, 1890; eva Cope, 1889; insularis J. A. Allen, 1904; lewisi Leach, 1821; praeceps K. Andersen, 1906; aequatorialis K. Andersen, 1906; fallax Peters, 1865; alidum Elliot, 1907; grenadensis K. Andersen, 1906; hercules Rehn, 1902; parvipes Rehn, 1902; paulus Davis, 1970; planirostris Spix, 1823; richardsoni J. A. Allen, 1908; schwartzi Jones, 1978; trinitatis K. Andersen, 1906; triomylus Handley, 1966; yucatanicus J. A. Allen, 1904. <u>Not allocated to subspecies</u>: macleayii Dobson, 1878 [nomen nudum].	Michoacan, Sinaloa, and Tamaulipas (Mexico) to Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, N Argentina, and E Brazil; Trinidad and Tobago; Greater and Lesser Antilles, S Bahamas. Perhaps Florida Keys; see Lazell and Koopman (1985), but see also Humphrey and Brown (1986).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc) as A. jamaicensis and A. planirostris.	Subgenus Artibeus. Does not include obscurus (= fuliginosus); see Handley (1989), Brosset and Charles-Dominique (1990), Lim and Wilson (1993), and Simmons and Voss (1998). There is little agreement about whether jamaicensis includes planirostris (supported by Handley [1987, 1991] and Marques-Aguiar [1994]) or if planirostris (including fallax and hercules) represents a distinct species (supported by Koopman [1978b], Lim and Wilson [1993], and Lim [1997]). Pumo et al. (1996) treated planirostris and jamaicensis as separate species in their analysis of mtDNA sequences, but their data are more consistent with recognition of these as members of a single species. Accordingly, I have retained planirostris in jamaicensis pending further study. Includes fallax, hercules, and praeceps; see Koopman (1968), Handley (1987), and Marques-Aguiar (1994). Subspecies limits and relation... [truncated]	Jamaican Fruit-eating Bat
13801369	Artibeus jamaicensis subsp. jamaicensis	Leach 1821	SUBSPECIES		jamaicensis	jamaicensis	Artibeus	Artibeus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol.13 p.75						
13801370	Artibeus jamaicensis subsp. aequatorialis	K. Andersen 1906	SUBSPECIES		aequatorialis	jamaicensis	Artibeus	Artibeus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801379	Artibeus jamaicensis subsp. trinitatis	K. Andersen 1906	SUBSPECIES		trinitatis	jamaicensis	Artibeus	Artibeus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801380	Artibeus jamaicensis subsp. triomylus	Handley 1966	SUBSPECIES		triomylus	jamaicensis	Artibeus	Artibeus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801381	Artibeus jamaicensis subsp. yucatanicus	J. A. Allen 1904	SUBSPECIES		yucatanicus	jamaicensis	Artibeus	Artibeus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801412	Enchisthenes	K. Andersen 1906	GENUS					Enchisthenes	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist, ser. 7 vol.18 p.419	Artibeus hartii Thomas, 1892.				Subtribe Ectophyllina. Formerly included in Artibeus (e.g., Goodwin, 1969), but see Jones and Carter (1979), Van Den Bussche et al. (1993a, 1998), Baker et al. (2000), and Wetterer et al. (2000).	
13801477	Mormoops megalophylla subsp. intermedia	Miller 1900	SUBSPECIES		intermedia	megalophylla		Mormoops	Mormoopidae	Chiroptera							
13801382	Artibeus lituratus	Olfers 1818	SPECIES			lituratus	Artibeus	Artibeus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	In Eschwege, J. Brasilien, Neue Bibliothek. Reisenb. vol.15 p.224		frenatus  Illiger, 1815 [nomen nudum]; frenatus Olfers, 1818; rusbyi J. A. Allen, 1904; superciliatum Schinz, 1821; koopmani Wilson, 1991; palmarum J. A. Allen, 1897; femurvillosum Bangs, 1899; intermedius J. A. Allen, 1897. <u>Not allocated to subspecies</u>: dominicanus Andersen, 1908 [nomen nudum].	Michoacan, Sinaloa, and Tamaulipas (Mexico) south to S Brazil, N Argentina, and Bolivia; Trinidad and Tobago; S Lesser Antilles; Trés Marías Isls.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc) as A. lituratus and A. intermedius.	Subgenus Artibeus. Includes palmarum but not fallax, hercules, or praeceps (Koopman, 1968, 1978b), Handley (1987), and Marques-Aguiar (1994). Includes intermedius; see Jones and Carter (1976) and Marques-Aguiar (1994), but see also Davis (1984) and Wilson (1991). It is not appropriate to treat intermedius as a subspecies of lituratus because it supposedly co-occurs with other populations of lituratus (referred to palmarum, which has priority) at several Central American localities (Davis, 1984). Because there are no characters that unambiguously separate palmarum and intermedius (Davis, 1984; Marques-Aguiar, 1994; Rodrigo Medellin, pers. comm.), it seems most likely that intermedius simply represents individuals of palmarum that fall at the lower end of the normal range of size variation. Accordingly, I treat intermedius as a junior synonym of A. lituratus palmarum<... [truncated]	Great Fruit-eating Bat
13801383	Artibeus lituratus subsp. lituratus	Olfers 1818	SUBSPECIES		lituratus	lituratus	Artibeus	Artibeus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	In Eschwege, J. Brasilien, Neue Bibliothek. Reisenb. vol.15 p.224						
13801384	Artibeus lituratus subsp. koopmani	Wilson 1991	SUBSPECIES		koopmani	lituratus	Artibeus	Artibeus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801385	Artibeus lituratus subsp. palmarum	J. A. Allen 1897	SUBSPECIES		palmarum	lituratus	Artibeus	Artibeus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13700464	Sorex arunchi	Lapini and Testone 1998	SPECIES			arunchi	Sorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Gortania vol.20 p.246			NE Italy, Udine Province, and probably adjacent Slovenia (Lapini and Testone, 1998).		Subgenus Sorex, S. araneus group. Possibly related or conspecific with Sorex antinorii (Brünner et al., 2002a), although its karyotype has not been studied yet. Genetically well distinguished from araneus (Lapini et al., 2001), but morphological differences between both species weak (Breda, 2002).	Udine Shrew
13700657	Scapanus latimanus subsp. latimanus	Bachman 1842	SUBSPECIES		latimanus	latimanus		Scapanus	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	Boston J. Nat. Hist. vol.4 p.34						
13801386	Artibeus obscurus	Schinz 1821	SPECIES			obscurus	Artibeus	Artibeus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	In G. Cuvier, Das Tierreich vol.1 p.164		fuliginosus  Gray, 1838.	Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Artibeus. Distinct from jamaicensis; see Handley (1989), Brosset and Charles-Dominique (1990), Lim and Wilson (1993), Marques-Aguiar (1994), and Simmons and Voss (1998). This species has often been referred to as fuliginosus in the literature, but obscurus is a senior synonym; see Handley (1989).	Dark Fruit-eating Bat
13801387	Artibeus phaeotis	Miller 1902	SPECIES			phaeotis	Dermanura	Artibeus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. vol.54 p.405		turpis  K. Andersen, 1906; nanus K. Andersen, 1906; palatinus Davis, 1970; ravus Miller, 1902.	Veracruz, Sinaloa, and Michoacan (Mexico) south to Ecuador and Guyana.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Dermanura. Includes nanus and turpis; see Jones and Lawlor (1965) and Davis (1970). For including ravus and other synomyms see Timm (1985) and Handley (1987).	Pygmy Fruit-eating Bat
13801388	Artibeus phaeotis subsp. phaeotis	Miller 1902	SUBSPECIES		phaeotis	phaeotis	Dermanura	Artibeus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. vol.54 p.405						
13801389	Artibeus phaeotis subsp. nanus	K. Andersen 1906	SUBSPECIES		nanus	phaeotis	Dermanura	Artibeus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801390	Artibeus phaeotis subsp. palatinus	Davis 1970	SUBSPECIES		palatinus	phaeotis	Dermanura	Artibeus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801391	Artibeus phaeotis subsp. ravus	Miller 1902	SUBSPECIES		ravus	phaeotis	Dermanura	Artibeus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801392	Artibeus toltecus	Saussure 1860	SPECIES			toltecus	Dermanura	Artibeus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Rev. Mag. Zool. Paris, ser. 2 vol.12 p.427		hesperus  Davis, 1969.	Panama to Nuevo León and Sinaloa (Mexico).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Dermanura. Not a subspecies of cinereus; see Jones and Carter (1976). Revised by Davis (1969). Does not include ravus, see Handley (1987). See Webster and Jones (1982c).	Toltec Fruit-eating Bat
13801393	Artibeus toltecus subsp. toltecus	Saussure 1860	SUBSPECIES		toltecus	toltecus	Dermanura	Artibeus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Rev. Mag. Zool. Paris, ser. 2 vol.12 p.427		&nbsp; 				
13801394	Artibeus toltecus subsp. hesperus	Davis 1969	SUBSPECIES		hesperus	toltecus	Dermanura	Artibeus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801395	Artibeus watsoni	Thomas 1901	SPECIES			watsoni	Dermanura	Artibeus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.7 p.542		jucundum  Elliot, 1906.	S Mexico to SW Colombia.	IUCN 2003  Not listed (lapsus); IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Dermanura. Distinct from glaucus; see Handley (1987). See also Kalko and Handley (1994).	Thomas's Fruit-eating Bat
13801396	Centurio	Gray 1842	GENUS					Centurio	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.10 p.259	Centurio senex Gray, 1842.	Trichocoryctes  Trouessart, 1897; Trichocoryes H. Allen, 1861; Trichocorytes Gray, 1866.			Subtribe Stenodermatina.	
13801397	Centurio senex	Gray 1842	SPECIES			senex		Centurio	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.10 p.259		flavogularis  Lichtenstein and Peters, 1854; mexicanus Saussure, 1860; mcmurtrii H. Allen, 1861; minor Ward, 1891; greenhalli Paradiso, 1967.	Venezuela to Tamaulipas and Sinaloa (Mexico); Trinidad and Tobago.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Paradiso (1967) and Snow et al. (1980). Venezuelan populations have not been allocated to subspecies. See Emmons (1997) for distribution map.	Wrinkle-faced Bat
13801398	Centurio senex subsp. senex	Gray 1842	SUBSPECIES		senex	senex		Centurio	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.10 p.259						
13801399	Centurio senex subsp. greenhalli	Paradiso 1967	SUBSPECIES		greenhalli	senex		Centurio	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801400	Chiroderma	Peters 1860	GENUS					Chiroderma	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1860 p.747	Chiroderma villosum Peters, 1860.	Mimetops  Gray, 1866.			Subtribe Ectophyllina. Reviewed by Goodwin (1958). See Baker et al. (1994) for a phylogeny of the genus.	
13700679	Galemys	Kaup 1829	GENUS					Galemys	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	Skizz. Entwickel.-Gesch. Nat. Syst. Europ. Thierwelt vol.1 p.119	Mygale pyrenaica E. Geoffroy, 1811.	Galomys  Agassiz, 1846; Mygalina I. Geoffroy in Gervais, 1835.				
13801401	Chiroderma doriae	Thomas 1891	SPECIES			doriae		Chiroderma	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, ser. 2 vol.10 p.881		dorsale  Lund, 1842.	Minas Gerais and São Paulo (SE Brazil), Paraguay.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.		Brazilian Big-eyed Bat
13801402	Chiroderma improvisum	Baker and Genoways 1976	SPECIES			improvisum		Chiroderma	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Occas. Pap. Mus. Texas Tech Univ. vol.39 p.2			Guadeloupe and Montserrat (Lesser Antilles).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Endangered.	See Jones and Baker (1980) and Jones (1989).	Guadeloupean Big-eyed Bat
13801403	Chiroderma salvini	Dobson 1878	SPECIES			salvini		Chiroderma	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Cat. Chiroptera Brit. Mus. p.532		scopaeum  Handley, 1966.	Peru, Bolivia, and Venezuela north to Michoacan, Hidalgo, and Chihuahua (Mexico).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).		Salvin's Big-eyed Bat
13801404	Chiroderma salvini subsp. salvini	Dobson 1878	SUBSPECIES		salvini	salvini		Chiroderma	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Cat. Chiroptera Brit. Mus. p.532		&nbsp; 				
13801405	Chiroderma salvini subsp. scopaeum	Handley 1966	SUBSPECIES		scopaeum	salvini		Chiroderma	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801406	Chiroderma trinitatum	Goodwin 1958	SPECIES			trinitatum		Chiroderma	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.1877 p.1		gorgasi  Handley, 1960.	Panama south to Amazonian Brazil, Bolivia and Peru; Trinidad.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes gorgasi; see Jones and Carter (1976).	Little Big-eyed Bat
13801407	Chiroderma villosum	Peters 1860	SPECIES			villosum		Chiroderma	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1860 p.748		jesupi  J. A. Allen, 1900; isthmicum Miller, 1912.	Hidalgo (Mexico) south to S Brazil, Bolivia and Peru; Trinidad and Tobago.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	See Handley (1960).	Hairy Big-eyed Bat
13801408	Chiroderma villosum subsp. villosum	Peters 1860	SUBSPECIES		villosum	villosum		Chiroderma	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1860 p.748		&nbsp; 				
13801409	Chiroderma villosum subsp. jesupi	J. A. Allen 1900	SUBSPECIES		jesupi	villosum		Chiroderma	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801410	Ectophylla	H. Allen 1892	GENUS					Ectophylla	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. vol.15 p.441	Ectophylla alba H. Allen, 1892.				Subtribe Ectophyllina. Some authors have treated Mesophylla as a junior synonym; see Goodwin and Greenhall (1962), Simmons and Voss (1998), and Wetterer et al. (2000). However, relationships of these taxa remain unclear (see Owen [1987] and Baker et al. [2000]), so Mesophylla is treated here as a distinct genus pending further study.	
13801445	Sphaeronycteris toxophyllum	Peters 1882	SPECIES			toxophyllum		Sphaeronycteris	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Sitzb. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. vol.45 p.989			Colombia to Venezuela, Peru, and Bolivia; Amazonian Brazil.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	See Emmons (1997) for distribution map.	Visored Bat
13801478	Mormoops megalophylla subsp. tumidiceps	Miller 1902	SUBSPECIES		tumidiceps	megalophylla		Mormoops	Mormoopidae	Chiroptera							
13801411	Ectophylla alba	H. Allen 1892	SPECIES			alba		Ectophylla	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. vol.15 p.442			Honduras to W Panama.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	See Timm (1982). See Emmons (1997) for distribution map. Koopman (1993) included W Colombia in the range of this species based on Cuervo-Diaz et al. (1986), but that specimen has been reidentified as Vampyressa pusilla.	Honduran White Bat
13801413	Enchisthenes hartii	Thomas 1892	SPECIES			hartii		Enchisthenes	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.10 p.409			Bolivia and Venezuela north to Michoacan, Jalisco, and Tamaulipas (Mexico); Trinidad. There is an extralimital record from Tucson, Arizona (Irwin and Baker, 1967).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc) as Artibeus hartii.		Velvety Fruit-eating Bat
13801414	Mesophylla	Thomas 1901	GENUS					Mesophylla	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.8 p.143	Mesophylla macconnelli Thomas, 1901.				Subtribe Ectophyllina. Included in Ectophylla by Goodwin and Greenhall (1962), Simmons and Voss (1998), and Wetterer et al. (2000); included in Vampyressa by Owen (1987). Treated as distinct here pending further study; also see Baker et al. (2000).	
13801415	Mesophylla macconnelli	Thomas 1901	SPECIES			macconnelli		Mesophylla	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.8 p.145		flavescens  Goodwin and Greenhall, 1962.	Nicaragua south to Peru, Bolivia, and Amazonian Brazil; Trinidad.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	See Kunz and Pena (1992).	MacConnell's Bat
13801416	Mesophylla macconnelli subsp. macconnelli	Thomas 1901	SUBSPECIES		macconnelli	macconnelli		Mesophylla	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.8 p.145		&nbsp; 				
13700699	Euroscaptor mizura subsp. mizura	Gunther 1880	SUBSPECIES		mizura	mizura		Euroscaptor	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1880 p.441						
13801417	Mesophylla macconnelli subsp. flavescens	Goodwin and Greenhall 1962	SUBSPECIES		flavescens	macconnelli		Mesophylla	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801418	Phyllops	Peters 1865	GENUS					Phyllops	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1865 p.356	Phyllostoma albomaculatum Gundlach, 1861 (= Arctibeus falcatus Gray, 1839).				Subtribe Stenodermatina. Included in Stenoderma by Varona (1974), Simpson (1945), and Silva-Taboada (1979); but see Jones and Carter (1976) and Corbet and Hill (1980). Two additional species of Phyllops have been described from cave fossils: Phyllops silvai Suárez and Díaz-Franco, 2003 and Phyllops vetus Anthony, 1917; see review by Suárez and Díaz-Franco (2003).	
13801419	Phyllops falcatus	Gray 1839	SPECIES			falcatus		Phyllops	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Nat. Hist. vol.4 p.1		albomaculatum  Gundlach, 1861; haitiensis J. A. Allen, 1908.	Cuba; Hispaniola; as fossil, Isle of Pines (Cuba).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Includes haitiensis; see Koopman (1989c) and Timm and Genoways (2003). Reviewed by Suárez and Díaz-Franco (2003).	Cuban Fig-eating Bat
13801420	Phyllops falcatus subsp. falcatus	Gray 1839	SUBSPECIES		falcatus	falcatus		Phyllops	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Nat. Hist. vol.4 p.1						
13801421	Phyllops falcatus subsp. haitiensis	J. A. Allen 1908	SUBSPECIES		haitiensis	falcatus		Phyllops	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801422	Platyrrhinus	Saussure 1860	GENUS					Platyrrhinus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Rev. Mag. Zool., Paris, ser. 2 vol.12 p.429	Phyllostoma lineatum E. Geoffroy, 1810.	Vampyrops  Peters, 1865.			Subtribe Ectophyllina. For a history of the nomeclature of this genus and reasons for using Platyrrhinus in place of Vampyrops, see Gardner and Ferrell (1990) and Alberico and Velasco (1991). A key to the genus was provided by Ferrell and Wilson (1991).	
13801423	Platyrrhinus aurarius	Handley and Ferris 1972	SPECIES			aurarius		Platyrrhinus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.84 p.522			S Venezuela, Guyana, Surinam. Specimens previously reported from Colombia appear to have been misidentified.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	May be a synonym of dorsalis; see Jones and Carter (1976).	Eldorado Broad-nosed Bat
13801424	Platyrrhinus brachycephalus	Rouk and Carter 1972	SPECIES			brachycephalus		Platyrrhinus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Occas. Pap. Mus. Texas Tech Univ. vol.1 p.1		latus  Handley and Ferris, 1972; saccharus Handley and Ferris (1972).	N Brazil; Colombia to Guianas; Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes latus; see Jones and Carter (1976). May not be distinct from helleri; see Alberico (1990), but also see Anderson (1996).	Short-headed Broad-nosed Bat
13801425	Platyrrhinus chocoensis	Alberico and Velasco 1991	SPECIES			chocoensis		Platyrrhinus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Bonn. zool. Beitr. vol.42 p.238			W Colombia, lowlands between the Western Cordillera of the Andes and the Pacific coast.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.		Choco Broad-nosed Bat
13801482	Phyllodia	Gray 1843	SUBGENUS				Phyllodia	Pteronotus	Mormoopidae	Chiroptera							
13801646	Molossops temminckii subsp. griseiventer	Sanborn 1941	SUBSPECIES		griseiventer	temminckii	Molossops	Molossops	Molossidae	Chiroptera							
13801426	Platyrrhinus dorsalis	Thomas 1900	SPECIES			dorsalis		Platyrrhinus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.5 p.269			Panama to Peru and Bolivia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Although the named forms umbratus, oratus, and aquilus were regarded as synonyms of dorsalis by Carter and Rouk (1973), these apparently represent a distinct species for which the oldest name is umbratus; see Handley (1976).	Thomas's Broad-nosed Bat
13801577	Chaerephon jobensis subsp. jobensis	Miller 1902	SUBSPECIES		jobensis	jobensis		Chaerephon	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.15 p.246		&nbsp; 			plicatus species group.	
13801427	Platyrrhinus helleri	Peters 1866	SPECIES			helleri		Platyrrhinus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1866 p.392		zarhinus  H. Allen, 1891; incarum Thomas, 1912.	Oaxaca and Veracruz (Mexico) to Peru, Bolivia, and Amazonian Brazil; Trinidad. A Paraguay record is erroneous.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes zarhinus; see Jones and Carter (1976) and Gardner and Carter (1972). May include brachycephalus, see Alberico (1990). Reviewed by Ferrell and Wilson (1991) and Anderson (1996).	Heller's Broad-nosed Bat
13801428	Platyrrhinus helleri subsp. helleri	Peters 1866	SUBSPECIES		helleri	helleri		Platyrrhinus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1866 p.392						
13801429	Platyrrhinus helleri subsp. incarum	Thomas 1912	SUBSPECIES		incarum	helleri		Platyrrhinus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13700709	Mogera tokudae subsp. tokudae	Kuroda 1940	SUBSPECIES		tokudae	tokudae		Mogera	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	[A monograph of Japanese mammals ...], Tokyo and Osaka p.196						
13801430	Platyrrhinus infuscus	Peters 1880	SPECIES			infuscus		Platyrrhinus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1880 p.259		fumosus  Miller, 1902; intermedius Marinkelle, 1970.	Colombia to Peru, Bolivia, and NW Brazil.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Includes intermedius and fumosus; see Gardner and Carter (1972), who also designated a neotype for infuscus.	Buffy Broad-nosed Bat
13801431	Platyrrhinus lineatus	E. Geoffroy 1810	SPECIES			lineatus		Platyrrhinus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.15 p.180		sacrillus  Thomas, 1924; nigellus Gardner and Carter, 1972.	Colombia to Peru, Bolivia, Uruguay, N Argentina, and S and E Brazil; French Guyana; Surinam.	CITES  Appendix III (Uruguay). IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes nigellus; see Jones and Carter (1979). See Willig and Hollander (1987).	White-lined Broad-nosed Bat
13801432	Platyrrhinus lineatus subsp. lineatus	E. Geoffroy 1810	SUBSPECIES		lineatus	lineatus		Platyrrhinus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.15 p.180						
13801433	Platyrrhinus lineatus subsp. nigellus	Gardner and Carter 1972	SUBSPECIES		nigellus	lineatus		Platyrrhinus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801434	Platyrrhinus recifinus	Thomas 1901	SPECIES			recifinus		Platyrrhinus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.8 p.192			E and SE Brazil. A Guyana record is erroneous, because the specimen was referred to latus (= brachycephalus) by Handley and Ferris (1972).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.		Recife Broad-nosed Bat
13801435	Platyrrhinus umbratus	Lyon 1902	SPECIES			umbratus		Platyrrhinus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.15 p.151		aquilius  Handley and Ferris, 1972; oratus Thomas, 1914.	Panama, N and W Colombia, N Venezuela.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Formerly included in dorsalis by Carter and Rouk (1973), but see Handley (1976).	Shadowy Broad-nosed Bat
13801436	Platyrrhinus umbratus subsp. umbratus	Lyon 1902	SUBSPECIES		umbratus	umbratus		Platyrrhinus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.15 p.151		&nbsp; 				
13801437	Platyrrhinus umbratus subsp. aquilius	Handley and Ferris 1972	SUBSPECIES		aquilius	umbratus		Platyrrhinus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801438	Platyrrhinus umbratus subsp. oratus	Thomas 1914	SUBSPECIES		oratus	umbratus		Platyrrhinus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801439	Platyrrhinus vittatus	Peters 1860	SPECIES			vittatus		Platyrrhinus	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1860 p.225			Costa Rica to Venezuela, Peru, and Bolivia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).		Greater Broad-nosed Bat
13801440	Pygoderma	Peters 1863	GENUS					Pygoderma	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1863 p.83	Stenoderma microdon Peters, 1863 (= Phyllostoma bilabiatum Wagner, 1843).				Subtribe Stenodermatina.	
13801441	Pygoderma bilabiatum	Wagner 1843	SPECIES			bilabiatum		Pygoderma	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Arch. Naturgesch. vol.1 p.366		leucomus  Gray, 1848; microdon Peters, 1863; magna Owen and Webster, 1983.	Bolivia, SE Brazil, Paraguay, N Argentina. Reported occurrences in North America and Surinam are erroneous (Jones and Carter, 1976; Voss and Emmons, 1996).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	See Webster and Owen (1984). See Emmons (1997) for distribution map.	Ipanema Broad-nosed Bat
13801446	Stenoderma	E. Geoffroy 1818	GENUS					Stenoderma	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Descrip. de L'Egypte vol.2 p.114	"le sténoderme roux" (= Stenoderma rufa Desmarest, 1820).	Histiops  Peters, 1869.			Subtribe Stenodermatina. Some authors have included Ardops, Phyllops, and Ariteus in Stenoderma; see Varona (1974) and Simpson (1945), but most recent authors have followed the arrangement presented here; see also Jones and Carter (1976).	
13801447	Stenoderma rufum	Desmarest 1820	SPECIES			rufum		Stenoderma	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Mammalogie, in Encycl. Méth. p.117		undatus  Gervais, 1855; darioi Hall and Tamsitt, 1968; anthonyi Choate and Birney, 1968.	Puerto Rico and Virgin Isls (St. John and St. Thomas).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	See Genoways and Baker (1972) and Timm and Genoways (2003).	Red Fruit Bat
13801448	Stenoderma rufum subsp. rufum	Desmarest 1820	SUBSPECIES		rufum	rufum		Stenoderma	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Mammalogie, in Encycl. Méth. p.117						
13801449	Stenoderma rufum subsp. darioi	Hall and Tamsitt 1968	SUBSPECIES		darioi	rufum		Stenoderma	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801450	Uroderma	Peters 1865 "1866"	GENUS					Uroderma	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1865 p.587	Phyllostoma personatum Peters, 1865 (preoccupied; = Uroderma bilobatum Peters, 1866).				Subtribe Ectophyllina. Revised by Davis (1968).	
13801451	Uroderma bilobatum	Peters 1866	SPECIES			bilobatum		Uroderma	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1866 p.392		personatum  Peters, 1865; thomasi K. Andersen, 1906; trinitatum Davis, 1968; convexum Lyon, 1902; molaris Davis, 1968; davisi Baker and McDaniel, 1972.	Veracruz and Oaxaca (Mexico) south to Peru, Bolivia, the Guianas, and Brazil; Trinidad.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	See Baker and Clark (1987). There are three chromosomal races that are largely genetically distinct although some hybridization may occur; these may represent distinct species (Hoffman et al., 2003). I have chosen to treat these races as subspecies here pending further study of this complex.	Common Tent-making Bat
13801452	Uroderma bilobatum subsp. bilobatum	Peters 1866	SUBSPECIES		bilobatum	bilobatum		Uroderma	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1866 p.392						
13801453	Uroderma bilobatum subsp. convexum	Lyon 1902	SUBSPECIES		convexum	bilobatum		Uroderma	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801454	Uroderma bilobatum subsp. davisi	Baker and McDaniel 1972	SUBSPECIES		davisi	bilobatum		Uroderma	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801455	Uroderma magnirostrum	Davis 1968	SPECIES			magnirostrum		Uroderma	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	J. Mammal. vol.49 p.679			Michoacan (Mexico) to south Venezuela, Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).		Brown Tent-making Bat
13801456	Vampyressa	Thomas 1900	GENUS					Vampyressa	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.5 p.270	Phyllostoma pusillum Wagner, 1843.	Metavampyressa Peterson, 1968; Vampyriscus Thomas, 1900.			Subtribe Ectophyllina. Includes Metavampyressa and Vampyriscus, here recognized as subgenera along with Vampyressa; see Jones and Carter (1976). Probably not monophyletic; see Wetterer et al. (2000) and Baker et al. (2000). A key for this genus was presented in Lewis and Wilson (1987). See Lim et al. (2003) for a phylogeny of the genus.	
13801457	Vampyressa	Thomas 1900	SUBGENUS				Vampyressa	Vampyressa	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.5 p.270	Phyllostoma pusillum Wagner, 1843.					
13801458	Metavampyressa	Peterson 1968	SUBGENUS				Metavampyressa	Vampyressa	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801459	Vampyriscus	Thomas 1900	SUBGENUS				Vampyriscus	Vampyressa	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801460	Vampyressa bidens	Dobson 1878	SPECIES			bidens	Vampyriscus	Vampyressa	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Cat. Chiroptera Brit. Mus. p.535			Guianas to Colombia to Peru; N Bolivia; Amazonian Brazil.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Vampyriscus. Formerly placed in its own genus (Vampyriscus); see Jones and Carter (1976). Reviewed by Lee et al. (2001).	Bidentate Yellow-eared Bat
13801461	Vampyressa brocki	Peterson 1968	SPECIES			brocki	Metavampyressa	Vampyressa	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	R. Ontario Mus. Life Sci. Contrib. vol.73 p.1			Guianas, Amazonian Brazil, SE Colombia, Peru.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Metavampyressa. Characters of this species have been reported inconsistently in the literature; see Simmons and Voss (1998).	Brock's Yellow-eared Bat
13801462	Vampyressa melissa	Thomas 1926	SPECIES			melissa	Vampyressa	Vampyressa	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.18 p.157			Peru, S Colombia. A record from French Guiana is apparently erroneous (Charles-Dominique et al., 2001).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Vampyressa.	Melissa's Yellow-eared Bat
13801492	Pteronotus parnellii subsp. parnellii	Gray 1843	SUBSPECIES		parnellii	parnellii	Phyllodia	Pteronotus	Mormoopidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1843 p.50						
13801463	Vampyressa nymphaea	Thomas 1909	SPECIES			nymphaea	Metavampyressa	Vampyressa	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.4 p.230			W Ecuador to Nicaragua. A record from SE Peru is suspect.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Metvampyressa.	Striped Yellow-eared Bat
13801578	Chaerephon jobensis subsp. colonicus	Thomas 1906	SUBSPECIES		colonicus	jobensis		Chaerephon	Molossidae	Chiroptera						plicatus species group.	
13801766	Tadarida aegyptiaca subsp. tragatus	Dobson 1874	SUBSPECIES		tragatus	aegyptiaca		Tadarida	Molossidae	Chiroptera						aegyptiaca species group.	
13801464	Vampyressa pusilla	Wagner 1843	SPECIES			pusilla	Vampyressa	Vampyressa	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Abh. Akad. Wiss., München vol.5 p.173		nattereri  Goodwin, 1963.	SE Brazil, Paraguay, and NE Argentina.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Vampyressa. Does not include thyone, see Lim et al. (2003). Discussed by Jones and Carter (1976) and Lewis and Wilson (1987), but note that they included thyone in this taxon.	Southern Little Yellow-eared Bat
13700736	Talpa levantis subsp. levantis	Thomas 1906	SUBSPECIES		levantis	levantis		Talpa	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.17 p.416						
13801465	Vampyressa thyone	Thomas 1909	SPECIES			thyone	Vampyressa	Vampyressa	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.4 p.231		minuta  Miller, 1912; venilla Thomas, 1924.	Oaxaca and Veracruz (Mexico) to Bolivia, Peru, Venezuela, Guyana, and French Guiana.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Subgenus Vampyressa. Previously included in pusilla, but clearly distinct; see Lim et al. (2003). Much of the account of V. pusilla provided in Lewis and Wilson (1987) actually applies to thyone.	Northern Little Yellow-eared Bat
13801466	Vampyrodes	Thomas 1900	GENUS					Vampyrodes	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.5 p.270	Vampyrops caracciolae Thomas, 1889.				Subtribe Ectophyllina.	
13801467	Vampyrodes caraccioli	Thomas 1889	SPECIES			caraccioli		Vampyrodes	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.4 p.167		major  G. M. Allen, 1908; ornatus Thomas, 1924.	Oaxaca (Mexico) to Peru, Bolivia, the Guianas, and N Brazil; Trinidad and Tobago.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes major; see Jones and Carter (1976), but also see Starrett and Casebeer (1968). See Willis et al. (1990). Originally spelled caracciolae but later emended to caraccioli; see discussion in Carter and Dolan (1978).	Great Stripe-faced Bat
13801468	Vampyrodes caraccioli subsp. caraccioli	Thomas 1889	SUBSPECIES		caraccioli	caraccioli		Vampyrodes	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.4 p.167		&nbsp; 				
13801469	Vampyrodes caraccioli subsp. major	G. M. Allen 1908	SUBSPECIES		major	caraccioli		Vampyrodes	Phyllostomidae	Chiroptera							
13801470	Mormoopidae	Saussure 1860	FAMILY						Mormoopidae	Chiroptera	Revue et Mag. Zool. vol.2 p.286					Revised by Smith (1972); see Lewis-Oritt et al. (2001a), Simmons and Conway (2001), Van Den Bussche et al. (2002), and Van den Bussche and Weyandt (2003) for phylogenies. See Smith (1972) for a discussion of authorship and priority of the name Mormoopidae.	
13801471	Mormoops	Leach 1821	GENUS					Mormoops	Mormoopidae	Chiroptera	Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol.13 p.76	Mormoops blainvillii Leach, 1821.	Aello  Leach, 1821.			This name is used instead of Aello following Opinion 462 of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1958b).	
13801472	Mormoops blainvillei	Leach 1821	SPECIES			blainvillei		Mormoops	Mormoopidae	Chiroptera	Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol.13 p.77		cinnamomeum  Gundlach, 1840; cuvieri Leach, 1821.	Greater Antilles, adjacent small islands.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	See Lancaster and Kalko (1996) and Timm and Genoways (2003). Often spelled blainvillii, but this was an incorrect original spelling; the correct spelling is blainvillei (see Opinion 462 of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1958b). The ICZN placed blainvilli on the Offical Index of Rejected and Invalid Specific Names in Zoology, and placed blainvillei on the Offical List of Specific Names in Zoology in Opinion 462.	Antillean Ghost-faced Bat
13801473	Mormoops magna	Silva-Taboada 1974	SPECIES			magna		Mormoops	Mormoopidae	Chiroptera	Acta Zool. Cracoviensia vol.19 p.52			Known only from the type locality.	Extinct; IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Known only from subfossils, but found in the same sedimentary deposits as remains of many extant bat species (Silva-Taboada, 1974, 1979).	Giant Ghost-faced Bat
13801474	Mormoops megalophylla	Peters 1864	SPECIES			megalophylla		Mormoops	Mormoopidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1864 p.381		rufescens  Davis and Carter, 1962; senicula Rehn, 1902; carteri Smith, 1972; intermedia Miller, 1900; tumidiceps Miller, 1902.	S Texas, S Arizona (USA), and Baja California (Mexico) south to NW Peru and N Venezuela; Aruba, Curaçao, and Bonaire (Netherlands Antilles); Trinidad; Margarita Isl (Venezuela).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	See Rezsutek and Cameron (1993).	Peters's Ghost-faced Bat
13801475	Mormoops megalophylla subsp. megalophylla	Peters 1864	SUBSPECIES		megalophylla	megalophylla		Mormoops	Mormoopidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1864 p.381						
13801476	Mormoops megalophylla subsp. carteri	Smith 1972	SUBSPECIES		carteri	megalophylla		Mormoops	Mormoopidae	Chiroptera							
13801479	Pteronotus	Gray 1838	GENUS					Pteronotus	Mormoopidae	Chiroptera	Mag. Zool. Bot. vol.2 p.500	Pteronotus davyi Gray, 1838.	Chilonycteris  Gray, 1839; Dermonotus Gill, 1901; Lobostoma Gundlach, 1840; Phyllodia Gray, 1843.			Includes Chilonycteris and Phyllodia, which are recognized as subgenera along with Pteronotus; see Smith (1972). Keys to this genus were presented by Herd (1983) and by Rodríguez-Durán and Kunz (1992).	
13801480	Pteronotus	Gray 1838	SUBGENUS				Pteronotus	Pteronotus	Mormoopidae	Chiroptera	Mag. Zool. Bot. vol.2 p.500	Pteronotus davyi Gray, 1838.					
13801481	Chilonycteris	Gray 1839	SUBGENUS				Chilonycteris	Pteronotus	Mormoopidae	Chiroptera							
13700755	Urotrichus talpoides	Temminck 1841	SPECIES			talpoides		Urotrichus	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	Het. Instit. K. Ned. Inst. p.215		adversus  Thomas, 1908; centralis Thomas, 1908; hondoensis Thomas, 1918; yokohamanis Kanda, 1929; minutus Tokuda, 1932; shinanensis Yagi, 1927.	Grassland and forest of Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu (Japan); Dogo Isl, N Tsushima Isl (Japan).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Imaizumi (1970b:128) recognized five taxa as valid subspecies. Harada et al. (2001) studied the karyotype (2n = 34, FN = 64) of the species and discovered two parapatric karyotype races in C Honshu.	Japanese Shrew Mole
13700756	Urotrichus talpoides subsp. talpoides	Temminck 1841	SUBSPECIES		talpoides	talpoides		Urotrichus	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	Het. Instit. K. Ned. Inst. p.215						
13700757	Urotrichus talpoides subsp. adversus	Thomas 1908	SUBSPECIES		adversus	talpoides		Urotrichus	Talpidae	Soricomorpha							
13700758	Urotrichus talpoides subsp. centralis	Thomas 1908	SUBSPECIES		centralis	talpoides		Urotrichus	Talpidae	Soricomorpha							
13700759	Urotrichus talpoides subsp. hondoensis	Thomas 1918	SUBSPECIES		hondoensis	talpoides		Urotrichus	Talpidae	Soricomorpha							
13700760	Urotrichus talpoides subsp. minutus	Tokuda 1932	SUBSPECIES		minutus	talpoides		Urotrichus	Talpidae	Soricomorpha							
13700761	Uropsilinae	Dobson 1883	SUBFAMILY						Talpidae	Soricomorpha	Monogr. Insectivora vol.2 p.128					Species belonging to this subfamily form the basal branch in a mtDNA study of all major mole taxa (Shinohara et al., 2003).	
13700762	Uropsilus	Milne-Edwards 1871	GENUS					Uropsilus	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	In David, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, Bull. vol.7 p.92-93	Uropsilus soricipes Milne-Edwards, 1871.	Nasillus  Thomas, 1911; Rhynchonax Thomas, 1912			Nasillus and Rhynchonax were included by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1966:31) and Corbet and Hill (1980:33); but Gureev (1979:201-204), listed both as distinct genera. Reviewed by Hoffmann (1984).	
13801483	Pteronotus davyi	Gray 1838	SPECIES			davyi	Pteronotus	Pteronotus	Mormoopidae	Chiroptera	Mag. Zool. Bot. vol.2 p.500		fulvus  Thomas, 1892; calvus Goodwin, 1958; incae Smith, 1972.	NW Peru and N Venezuela to S Baja California, S Sonora, and Nuevo León (Mexico); Trinidad; S Lesser Antilles. A Brazilian record is erroneous, see Willig and Mares (1989).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Pteronotus. See Adams (1989) and Timm and Genoways (2003).	Davy's Naked-backed Bat
13801484	Pteronotus davyi subsp. davyi	Gray 1838	SUBSPECIES		davyi	davyi	Pteronotus	Pteronotus	Mormoopidae	Chiroptera	Mag. Zool. Bot. vol.2 p.500		&nbsp; 				
13801485	Pteronotus davyi subsp. fulvus	Thomas 1892	SUBSPECIES		fulvus	davyi	Pteronotus	Pteronotus	Mormoopidae	Chiroptera							
13801486	Pteronotus davyi subsp. incae	Smith 1972	SUBSPECIES		incae	davyi	Pteronotus	Pteronotus	Mormoopidae	Chiroptera							
13801487	Pteronotus gymnonotus	Natterer 1843	SPECIES			gymnonotus	Pteronotus	Pteronotus	Mormoopidae	Chiroptera	In Wagner, Arch. Naturgesch. vol.9 p.367		centralis  Goodwin, 1942; suapurensis J. A. Allen, 1904.	S Veracruz (Mexico) south to Peru, NE and C Brazil, Bolivia, Guyana, and French Guiana.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Pteronotus. Includes suapurensis; see Smith (1977).	Big Naked-backed Bat
13801488	Pteronotus macleayii	Gray 1839	SPECIES			macleayii	Chilonycteris	Pteronotus	Mormoopidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Nat. Hist. vol.4 p.5		griseus  Gosse, 1851.	Cuba, Jamaica.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	Subgenus Chilonycteris. Reviewed in part by Timm and Genoways (2003).	MacLeay's Mustached Bat
13801489	Pteronotus macleayii subsp. macleayii	Gray 1839	SUBSPECIES		macleayii	macleayii	Chilonycteris	Pteronotus	Mormoopidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Nat. Hist. vol.4 p.5		&nbsp; 				
13801490	Pteronotus macleayii subsp. griseus	Gosse 1851	SUBSPECIES		griseus	macleayii	Chilonycteris	Pteronotus	Mormoopidae	Chiroptera							
13801491	Pteronotus parnellii	Gray 1843	SPECIES			parnellii	Phyllodia	Pteronotus	Mormoopidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1843 p.50		boothi  Gundlach, 1861; osburni Tomes, 1861; fuscus J. A. Allen, 1911; gonavensis Koopman, 1955; mesoamericanus Smith, 1972; mexicanus Miller, 1902; paraguanensis Linares and Ojasti, 1974; portoricensis Miller, 1902; pusillus G. M. Allen, 1917; rubiginosus Wagner, 1843.	Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, Guianas, and Venezuela to S Sonora and S Tamaulipas (Mexico); Cuba; Jamaica; Puerto Rico; Hispaniola; St. Vincent; Trinidad and Tobago; Margarita Isl (Venezuela); La Gonave Isl (Haiti).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Phyllodia. Hall (1981) reviewed the numerous Central American and Carribean subspecies; also see Timm and Genoways (2003). See Herd (1983). This complex probably includes more than one species (Lewis-Oritt et al., 2001a).	Common Mustached Bat
13801496	Pteronotus parnellii subsp. mexicanus	Miller 1902	SUBSPECIES		mexicanus	parnellii	Phyllodia	Pteronotus	Mormoopidae	Chiroptera							
13801497	Pteronotus parnellii subsp. paraguanensis	Linares and Ojasti 1974	SUBSPECIES		paraguanensis	parnellii	Phyllodia	Pteronotus	Mormoopidae	Chiroptera							
13801498	Pteronotus parnellii subsp. portoricensis	Miller 1902	SUBSPECIES		portoricensis	parnellii	Phyllodia	Pteronotus	Mormoopidae	Chiroptera							
13801499	Pteronotus parnellii subsp. pusillus	G. M. Allen 1917	SUBSPECIES		pusillus	parnellii	Phyllodia	Pteronotus	Mormoopidae	Chiroptera							
13801500	Pteronotus parnellii subsp. rubiginosus	Wagner 1843	SUBSPECIES		rubiginosus	parnellii	Phyllodia	Pteronotus	Mormoopidae	Chiroptera							
13801501	Pteronotus personatus	Wagner 1843	SPECIES			personatus	??? See comments.	Pteronotus	Mormoopidae	Chiroptera	Arch. Naturgesch. vol.9 p.367		psilotis  Dobson, 1878; continentis Sanborn, 1938.	Colombia, Peru, Brazil, Bolivia, and Surinam to S Sonora and S Tamaulipas (Mexico); Trinidad.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Often placed in the subgenus Chilonycteris (e.g., Smith, 1972; Simmons and Conway, 2001), but recent molecular studies suggest that it represents an unnamed subgenus (Lewis-Oritt et al., 2001a; Van Den Bussche and Weyandt, 2003). Includes psilotis; see Smith (1972). This complex may include more than one species (Lewis-Oritt et al., 2001a).	Wagner's Mustached Bat
13801502	Pteronotus personatus subsp. personatus	Wagner 1843	SUBSPECIES		personatus	personatus	??? See comments.	Pteronotus	Mormoopidae	Chiroptera	Arch. Naturgesch. vol.9 p.367		&nbsp; 				
13801503	Pteronotus personatus subsp. psilotis	Dobson 1878	SUBSPECIES		psilotis	personatus	??? See comments.	Pteronotus	Mormoopidae	Chiroptera							
13801525	Thyropteridae	Miller 1907	FAMILY						Thyropteridae	Chiroptera	Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus. vol.57 p.84, 186						
13801526	Thyroptera	Spix 1823	GENUS					Thyroptera	Thyropteridae	Chiroptera	Sim. Vespert. Brasil. p.61	Thyroptera tricolor Spix, 1823.	Hyonycteris  Lichtenstein and Peters, 1854.				
13801504	Pteronotus pristinus	Silva-Taboada 1974	SPECIES			pristinus	Phyllodia	Pteronotus	Mormoopidae	Chiroptera	Acta Zool. Cracoviensia vol.19 p.49			Cuba, possibly Florida (USA).	Extinct; IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Subgenus Phyllodia. Known only from subfossils, but found in the same sedimentary deposits as remains of many extant bat species (Silva-Taboada, 1974, 1979). Morphology and phylogenetic relationships discussed by Simmons and Conway (2001).	Prinstine Mustached Bat
13801505	Pteronotus quadridens	Gundlach 1840	SPECIES			quadridens	Chilonycteris	Pteronotus	Mormoopidae	Chiroptera	Arch. Naturgesch. vol.6 p.357		torrei  G. M. Allen, 1916; fuliginosus Gray, 1843; inflata Rehn, 1904.	Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Chilonycteris. Includes torrei; For use of quadridens in place of fuliginosus, see Silva-Taboada (1976). See Rodríguez-Durán and Kunz (1992) and Timm and Genoways (2003).	Sooty Mustached Bat
13801506	Pteronotus quadridens subsp. quadridens	Gundlach 1840	SUBSPECIES		quadridens	quadridens	Chilonycteris	Pteronotus	Mormoopidae	Chiroptera	Arch. Naturgesch. vol.6 p.357						
13801507	Pteronotus quadridens subsp. fuliginosus	Gray 1843	SUBSPECIES		fuliginosus	quadridens	Chilonycteris	Pteronotus	Mormoopidae	Chiroptera							
13801508	Noctilionidae	Gray 1821	FAMILY						Noctilionidae	Chiroptera	London Med. Reposit. vol.15 p.299					Monogeneric.	
13801509	Noctilio	Linnaeus 1766	GENUS					Noctilio	Noctilionidae	Chiroptera	Syst. Nat., 12th ed. vol.1 p.88	Noctilio americanus Linnaeus, 1766 (= Vespertilio leporinus Linnaeus, 1758).	Celaeno  Leach, 1821; Dirias Miller, 1906; Noctileo Tiedemann, 1808.			Two subgenera are recognized, Noctilio and Dirias.	
13801510	Noctilio	Linnaeus 1766	SUBGENUS				Noctilio	Noctilio	Noctilionidae	Chiroptera	Syst. Nat., 12th ed. vol.1 p.88	Noctilio americanus Linnaeus, 1766 (= Vespertilio leporinus Linnaeus, 1758).					
13801511	Dirias	Miller 1906	SUBGENUS				Dirias	Noctilio	Noctilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801512	Noctilio albiventris	Desmarest 1818	SPECIES			albiventris	Dirias	Noctilio	Noctilionidae	Chiroptera	Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., Nouv. ed. vol.23 p.15		affinis  DOrbigny, 1835; albiventer Spix, 1823; irex Thomas, 1920; leporinus Gervais, 1856 [not Linnaeus, 1758]; ruber Rengger, 1830; zaparo Cabrera, 1907; cabrerai Davis, 1976; minor Osgood, 1910.	S Mexico to Guianas, E Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, and N Argentina.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Dirias. Formerly referred to as labialis; see Davis (1976). See Simmons and Voss (1998) for discussion of Amazonian subspecies. Also see Hood and Pitocchelli (1983). May include more than one species, see Lewis-Oritt et al. (2001b).	Lesser Bulldog Bat
13801513	Noctilio albiventris subsp. albiventris	Desmarest 1818	SUBSPECIES		albiventris	albiventris	Dirias	Noctilio	Noctilionidae	Chiroptera	Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., Nouv. ed. vol.23 p.15						
13801514	Noctilio albiventris subsp. cabrerai	Davis 1976	SUBSPECIES		cabrerai	albiventris	Dirias	Noctilio	Noctilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801515	Noctilio albiventris subsp. minor	Osgood 1910	SUBSPECIES		minor	albiventris	Dirias	Noctilio	Noctilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801539	Chilonatalus micropus subsp. brevimanus	Miller 1898	SUBSPECIES		brevimanus	micropus		Chilonatalus	Natalidae	Chiroptera							
13801540	Chilonatalus micropus subsp. macer	Miller 1914	SUBSPECIES		macer	micropus		Chilonatalus	Natalidae	Chiroptera							
13801516	Noctilio leporinus	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			leporinus	Noctilio	Noctilio	Noctilionidae	Chiroptera	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.32		americanus  Linnaeus, 1766; brooksiana Leach, 1821; dorsatus Desmarest, 1818; labialis Kerr, 1792; longipes Pelzeln, 1883; macropus Pelzeln, 1883; minor Fermin, 1765; rufus Spix, 1823; unicolor Desmarest, 1818; vittatus Schinz, 1821; mastivus Vahl, 1797; mexicanus Goldman 1915; rufescens Pelzeln, 1883; rufipes DOrbigny, 1835.	Sinaloa (Mexico) to the Guianas, S Brazil, N Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia, and Peru; Trinidad; Greater and Lesser Antilles; S Bahamas.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Noctilio. See Hood and Jones (1984). Antillean form reviewed by Timm and Genoways (2003)	Greater Bulldog Bat
13801517	Noctilio leporinus subsp. leporinus	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		leporinus	leporinus	Noctilio	Noctilio	Noctilionidae	Chiroptera	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.32						
13801518	Noctilio leporinus subsp. mastivus	Vahl 1797	SUBSPECIES		mastivus	leporinus	Noctilio	Noctilio	Noctilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801519	Noctilio leporinus subsp. rufescens	Pelzeln 1883	SUBSPECIES		rufescens	leporinus	Noctilio	Noctilio	Noctilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801520	Furipteridae	Gray 1866	FAMILY						Furipteridae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3 vol.17 p.91						
13801521	Amorphochilus	Peters 1877	GENUS					Amorphochilus	Furipteridae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1877 p.185	Amorphochilus schnablii Peters, 1877.					
13801522	Amorphochilus schnablii	Peters 1877	SPECIES			schnablii		Amorphochilus	Furipteridae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1877 p.185		osgoodi  J. A. Allen, 1914.	W Peru, W Ecuador, Puna Isl (Ecuador), N Chile.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.		Smoky Bat
13801523	Furipterus	Bonaparte 1837	GENUS					Furipterus	Furipteridae	Chiroptera	Iconogr. Fauna Ital. vol.1 p.fasc. 21	Furia<u></u>horrens F. Cuvier, 1828.	Furia  F. Cuvier, 1828 [not Linnaeus, 1758].				
13801524	Furipterus horrens	F. Cuvier 1828	SPECIES			horrens		Furipterus	Furipteridae	Chiroptera	Mem. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.16 p.150		coerulescens  Tomes, 1856.	Costa Rica south to Peru, the Guianas, and E Brazil; Trinidad.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	See Emmons (1997) for distribution map.	Thumbless Bat
13801527	Thyroptera discifera	Lichtenstein and Peters 1855	SPECIES			discifera		Thyroptera	Thyropteridae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1855 p.335		major  Miller, 1931; abdita Wilson, 1976.	Nicaragua; Panama and Colombia to Guianas, Amazonian Brazil, Peru, and Bolivia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	See Pine (1993) and Wilson (1978).	Peters's Disk-winged Bat
13801528	Thyroptera discifera subsp. discifera	Lichtenstein and Peters 1855	SUBSPECIES		discifera	discifera		Thyroptera	Thyropteridae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1855 p.335						
13801529	Thyroptera discifera subsp. abdita	Wilson 1976	SUBSPECIES		abdita	discifera		Thyroptera	Thyropteridae	Chiroptera							
13801530	Thyroptera lavali	Pine 1993	SPECIES			lavali		Thyroptera	Thyropteridae	Chiroptera	Mammalia vol.57 p.213		robusta  Czaplewski, 1996.	Peru, Ecuador, Venezuela, Brazil.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	Reviewed by Reid et al. (2000); see also Solari et al. (1999).	LaVal's Disk-winged Bat
13801531	Thyroptera tricolor	Spix 1823	SPECIES			tricolor		Thyroptera	Thyropteridae	Chiroptera	Sim. Vespert. Brasil. p.61		bicolor  Cantraine, 1845; thyropterus Schinz 1844; albiventer Tomes, 1856; albigula G. M. Allen, 1923; juquiaensis Vieira, 1942.	Veracruz (Mexico) to Guianas, E Brazil, Bolivia, and Peru; Trinidad.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	See Wilson and Findley (1977) and Pine (1993).	Spix's Disk-winged Bat
13801532	Thyroptera tricolor subsp. tricolor	Spix 1823	SUBSPECIES		tricolor	tricolor		Thyroptera	Thyropteridae	Chiroptera	Sim. Vespert. Brasil. p.61						
13801533	Thyroptera tricolor subsp. albiventer	Tomes 1856	SUBSPECIES		albiventer	tricolor		Thyroptera	Thyropteridae	Chiroptera							
13801534	Thyroptera tricolor subsp. juquiaensis	Vieira 1942	SUBSPECIES		juquiaensis	tricolor		Thyroptera	Thyropteridae	Chiroptera							
13801535	Natalidae	Gray 1866	FAMILY						Natalidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3 vol.17 p.90					Many recent authors have considered Natalidae to be monogeneric, but see Morgan (1989b) and Morgan and Czaplewski (2003), who raised Nyctiellus and Chilonatalus to genus rank.	
13801536	Chilonatalus	Miller 1898	GENUS					Chilonatalus	Natalidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. vol.1898 p.326	Natalus micropus Dobson, 1880.				Previously considered a subgenus of Natalus, but see Morgan and Czaplewski (2003).	
13801537	Chilonatalus micropus	Dobson 1880	SPECIES			micropus		Chilonatalus	Natalidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1880 p.443		brevimanus  Miller, 1898; macer Miller, 1914.	Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola, Providencia Isl (Colombia).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc) as Natalus micropus.	Includes brevimanus and macer; see Varona (1974) and Timm and Genoways (2003). Formerly included tumidifrons; but see Ottenwalder and Genoways (1982) who revised both species; also see Hall (1981). Kerridge and Baker (1978) treated only the nominate subspecies.	Cuban Lesser Funnel-eared Bat
13801538	Chilonatalus micropus subsp. micropus	Dobson 1880	SUBSPECIES		micropus	micropus		Chilonatalus	Natalidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1880 p.443		&nbsp; 				
13801541	Chilonatalus tumidifrons	Miller 1903	SPECIES			tumidifrons		Chilonatalus	Natalidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.16 p.119			Isls of the Bahamas.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable as Natalus tumidifrons.	Formerly included in micropus (e.g., Hall, 1981) but see Ottenwalder and Genoways (1982) who revised both species.	Bahamian Lesser Funnel-eared Bat
13801542	Natalus	Gray 1838	GENUS					Natalus	Natalidae	Chiroptera	Mag. Zool. Bot. vol.2 p.496	Natalus stramineus Gray, 1838.	Phodotes  Miller, 1906; Spectrellum Gervais, 1855.			Revised by Goodwin (1959b). Does not include Chilonatalus and Nyctiellus; see Morgan (1989b) and Morgan and Czaplewski (2003).	
13801543	Natalus jamaicensis	Goodwin 1959	SPECIES			jamaicensis		Natalus	Natalidae	Chiroptera	Amer. Mus. Novit. vol.1977 p.910			Jamaica.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Formerly included in stramineus, but clearly distinct from that species; see Morgan (1989b) and Morgan and Czaplewski (2003). Also distinct from major and primus (A. Tejedor, pers. comm.). See Arroyo-Cabrales et al. (1997), who reviewed genetic variation and possible relationships of populations of jamaicensis, major, and stramineus (although note that all were treated as stramineus). Reviewed by Goodwin (1959b).	Jamaican Greater Funnel-eared Bat
13801544	Natalus major	Miller 1902	SPECIES			major		Natalus	Natalidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. vol.54 p.398			Dominican Republic, Haiti.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Formerly included in stramineus, but see Morgan (1989b) and Morgan and Czaplewski (2003), although also see Timm and Genoways (2003). Does not include jamaicensis or primus (A. Tejedor, pers. comm.). See Arroyo-Cabrales et al. (1997), who reviewed genetic variation and possible relationships of populations of major, jamaicensis, and stramineus (although note that all were treated as stramineus). Reviewed by Goodwin (1959b) and Hoyt and Baker (1980), but note that they included jamaicensis and primus in major.	Hispaniolan Greater Funnel-eared Bat
13801647	Molossops temminckii subsp. sylvia	Thomas 1924	SUBSPECIES		sylvia	temminckii	Molossops	Molossops	Molossidae	Chiroptera							
13801545	Natalus primus	Anthony 1919	SPECIES			primus		Natalus	Natalidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.61 p.612			Cuba, Isle of Pines.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Formerly included in stramineus, but clearly distinct from that species; see Morgan (1989b) and Morgan and Czaplewski (2003). Also distinct from major and jamaicensis (A. Tejedor, pers. comm.). Reviewed by Goodwin (1959b).	Cuban Greater Funnel-eared Bat
13801546	Natalus stramineus	Gray 1838	SPECIES			stramineus		Natalus	Natalidae	Chiroptera	Mag. Zool. Bot. vol.2 p.496		dominicensis  Shamel, 1928; splendidus Wagner, 1845; espiritosantensis Ruschi, 1951; mexicanus Miller, 1902; natalensis Goodwin, 1959; saturatus Dalquest and Hall, 1949; tronchonii Linares, 1971.	S Baja California, Nuevo León, and Sonora (Mexico) to N Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas, C and E Brazil, Boliva; Lesser Antilles.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	See Handley and Gardner (1990) for clarification of the holotype. For synonyms see Goodwin (1959b) and Varona (1974). Includes espiritosantensis; see Pine and Ruschi (1976). Does not include major, jamaicensis, or primus; see Morgan (1989b) and Morgan and Czaplewski (2003), but also see Linares (1971). Arroyo-Cabrales et al. (1997) reviewed genetic variation and possible relationships of populations of major and stramineus. Morphometrics and distribution within South America reviewed by Taddei and Uieda (2001); see Timm and Genoways (2003) for discussion of the Carbibbean form.	Mexican Greater Funnel-eared Bat
13801547	Natalus stramineus subsp. stramineus	Gray 1838	SUBSPECIES		stramineus	stramineus		Natalus	Natalidae	Chiroptera	Mag. Zool. Bot. vol.2 p.496						
13801548	Natalus stramineus subsp. espiritosantensis	Ruschi 1951	SUBSPECIES		espiritosantensis	stramineus		Natalus	Natalidae	Chiroptera							
13801549	Natalus stramineus subsp. mexicanus	Miller 1902	SUBSPECIES		mexicanus	stramineus		Natalus	Natalidae	Chiroptera							
13801550	Natalus stramineus subsp. natalensis	Goodwin 1959	SUBSPECIES		natalensis	stramineus		Natalus	Natalidae	Chiroptera							
13801551	Natalus stramineus subsp. saturatus	Dalquest and Hall 1949	SUBSPECIES		saturatus	stramineus		Natalus	Natalidae	Chiroptera							
13801552	Natalus stramineus subsp. tronchonii	Linares 1971	SUBSPECIES		tronchonii	stramineus		Natalus	Natalidae	Chiroptera							
13801553	Natalus tumidirostris	Miller 1900	SPECIES			tumidirostris		Natalus	Natalidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.13 p.160		continentis  Thomas, 1911; haymani Goodwin, 1959.	Venezuela, Colombia, Trinidad and Tobago, Curaçao and Bonaire (Netherlands Antilles), the Guianas.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Revised by Goodwin (1959b).	Trinidadian Greater Funnel-eared Bat
13801554	Natalus tumidirostris subsp. tumidirostris	Miller 1900	SUBSPECIES		tumidirostris	tumidirostris		Natalus	Natalidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.13 p.160		&nbsp; 				
13801555	Natalus tumidirostris subsp. continentis	Thomas 1911	SUBSPECIES		continentis	tumidirostris		Natalus	Natalidae	Chiroptera							
13801556	Natalus tumidirostris subsp. haymani	Goodwin 1959	SUBSPECIES		haymani	tumidirostris		Natalus	Natalidae	Chiroptera							
13801557	Nyctiellus	Gervais 1855	GENUS					Nyctiellus	Natalidae	Chiroptera	Expéd. du compte de Castelnau, Zool., Mamm. p.84	Vespertilio lepidus Gervais, 1837.				Previously considered a subgenus of Natalus, but see Morgan (1989b) and Morgan and Czaplewski (2003),	
13801558	Nyctiellus lepidus	Gervais 1837	SPECIES			lepidus		Nyctiellus	Natalidae	Chiroptera	L'Inst. Paris vol.5 218 p.253		barbatus  Gundlach, 1840; macrurum Gervais, 1855.	Cuba, Bahama Isls.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt) as Natalus lepidus.	Reviewed by Morgan (1989b); also see Timm and Genoways (2003).	Gervais's Funnel-eared Bat
13801559	Molossidae	Gervais 1856	FAMILY						Molossidae	Chiroptera	In Comte de Castelnau, Exped. Partes Cen. Am. Sud., Zool.(Sec. 7) vol.Vol. 1 pt. 2 (Mammifères) p.53 footnote					Reviewed by Freeman (1981) and Legendre (1984). Includes Tomopeatinae; see Barkley (1984), Sudman et al. (1994), Simmons (1998), and Simmons and Geisler (1998). South American species reviewed by Jones and Hood (1993).	
13801560	Tomopeatinae	Miller 1907	SUBFAMILY						Molossidae	Chiroptera	Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus. vol.57 p.237					Not included in Vespertilionidae; see Barkley (1984), Sudman et al. (1994), McKenna and Bell (1997), Simmons (1998), and Simmons and Geisler (1998).	
13801561	Tomopeas	Miller 1900	GENUS					Tomopeas	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.6 p.570	Tomopeas ravus Miller, 1900.					
13801562	Tomopeas ravus	Miller 1900	SPECIES			ravus		Tomopeas	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.6 p.571			W Peru.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.		Blunt-eared Bat
13801645	Molossops temminckii subsp. temminckii	Burmeister 1854	SUBSPECIES		temminckii	temminckii	Molossops	Molossops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Syst. Uebers. Thiere Bras. p.72						
13801563	Molossinae	Gervais 1856	SUBFAMILY						Molossidae	Chiroptera	In Comte de Castelnau, Exped. Partes Cen. Am. Sud., Zool. (Sec. 7) vol.Vol. 1 pt. 2 (Mammifères) p.53 footnote		Cheiromelinae Legendre, 1984; Tadaridinae Legendre, 1984.			Equivalent to Molossidae sensu Freeman (1981), Legendre (1984), Koopman (1993, 1994), and Peterson et al. (1995). Some recent authors (e.g., Pavlinov et al., 1995b) have followed Legendre (1984) in subdividing this group into three subfamilies, but confusion concerning intergeneric relationships leads me to reject any such arrangement pending a thorough phylogenetic analysis. A key to Brazilian species was provided by Gregorin and Taddei (2002).	
13801564	Chaerephon	Dobson 1874	GENUS					Chaerephon	Molossidae	Chiroptera	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.43 p.144	Molossus (Nyctinomus) johorensis Dobson, 1873.	Lophomops  J. A Allen, 1917; Nyctinomus E. Geoffroy, 1818.			Formerly included in Tadarida but apparently distinct, see Freeman (1981). Recognized as a subgenus of Tadarida by Hill (1983), Legendre (1984), Corbet and Hill (1992), and Peterson et al. (1995). Keys have been provided by a number of authors; see Taylor (1999) for a critical summary of those used for African species, and Corbet and Hill (1992) for SE Asian species. Also see Bouchard (1998), but note that her key apparently includes errors in the first two couplets (M. Happold, pers. comm.). Species groups follow Koopman (1994).	
13801565	Chaerephon aloysiisabaudiae	Festa 1907	SPECIES			aloysiisabaudiae		Chaerephon	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Bol. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Univ. Torino vol.22 546 p.1		cyclotis  Brosset, 1966.	Ghana, Gabon, Dem. Rep. Congo, Uganda. Koopman (1993) listed "perhaps Ethiopia" in the range for this species, but there are no substantiated records.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	plicatus species group.	Duke of Abruzzi's Free-tailed Bat
13801566	Chaerephon ansorgei	Thomas 1913	SPECIES			ansorgei		Chaerephon	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.11 p.318		rhodesiae  Roberts, 1946.	Nigeria and Cameroon to Ethiopia, south to Angola and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	bivittatus species group. Distinct from bivittatus; see Eger and Peterson (1979), Taylor (1999), and Bouchard (2001).	Ansorge's Free-tailed Bat
13801567	Chaerephon bemmeleni	Jentink 1879	SPECIES			bemmeleni		Chaerephon	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Notes Leyden Mus. vol.1 p.125		cistura  Thomas, 1903.	Sierra Leone, Liberia, Cameroon, Sudan, Dem. Rep. Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	bivittatus species group. Includes cistura; see Koopman (1975) and Peterson (1971). Revised by Peterson (1971).	Gland-tailed Free-tailed Bat
13801568	Chaerephon bemmeleni subsp. bemmeleni	Jentink 1879	SUBSPECIES		bemmeleni	bemmeleni		Chaerephon	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Notes Leyden Mus. vol.1 p.125		&nbsp; 			bivittatus species group.	
13801569	Chaerephon bemmeleni subsp. cistura	Thomas 1903	SUBSPECIES		cistura	bemmeleni		Chaerephon	Molossidae	Chiroptera						bivittatus species group.	
13801570	Chaerephon bivittatus	Heuglin 1861	SPECIES			bivittatus		Chaerephon	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol., Halle vol.29 8 p.413		hepaticus  Heuglin, 1866.	Sudan, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	bivittatus species group. Revised by Eger and Peterson (1979); also see Taylor (1999). Note that the correct spelling for the specific epithet in combination with Chaerephon is bivittatus (not bivittata) because the genus name is masculine.	Spotted Free-tailed Bat
13801589	Chaerephon plicatus subsp. luzonus	Hollister 1913	SUBSPECIES		luzonus	plicatus		Chaerephon	Molossidae	Chiroptera							
13801571	Chaerephon bregullae	Felten 1964	SPECIES			bregullae		Chaerephon	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Senkenberg. Biol. vol.45 p.9			Vanuatu, Fiji Isls.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	plicatus species group. Often included in jobensis (e.g. Felten, 1964a; Hill, 1983), but provisionally recognized as distinct following Flannery (1995b).	Fijian Mastiff Bat
13801572	Chaerephon chapini	J. A. Allen 1917	SPECIES			chapini		Chaerephon	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.37 p.461		lancasteri  Hayman, 1938.	Ghana, N Dem. Rep. Congo, Sudan, Uganda, Kenya, Ethiopia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	plicatus species group. Apparently does not include shortridgei, see Peterson et al. (1995). See Fenton and Eger (2002), but note that they included shortridgei in this species.	Pale Free-tailed Bat
13801573	Chaerephon chapini subsp. chapini	J. A. Allen 1917	SUBSPECIES		chapini	chapini		Chaerephon	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.37 p.461		&nbsp; 			plicatus species group.	
13801574	Chaerephon chapini subsp. lancasteri	Hayman 1938	SUBSPECIES		lancasteri	chapini		Chaerephon	Molossidae	Chiroptera						plicatus species group.	
13801575	Chaerephon gallagheri	Harrison 1975	SPECIES			gallagheri		Chaerephon	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Mammalia vol.39 p.313			Dem. Rep. Congo.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Critically Endangered.	plicatus species group.	Gallagher's Free-tailed Bat
13801576	Chaerephon jobensis	Miller 1902	SPECIES			jobensis		Chaerephon	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.15 p.246		colonicus  Thomas, 1906.	Seram (Moluccas), Yapen Isl (Indonesia), New Guinea, N and C Australia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	plicatus species group. Listed as a subspecies of plicatus by Laurie and Hill (1954), but subsequently recognized as distinct by most authors. Revised by Felten (1964a), who included bregullae and solomonis; also see Hill (1983). In contrast, Flannery (1995a, b) treated bregullae and solomonis as distinct species based on morphological differences. The latter arrangement is provisionally followed here.	Northern Mastiff Bat
13801579	Chaerephon johorensis	Dobson 1873	SPECIES			johorensis		Chaerephon	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal p.22			W Malaysia, Sumatra (Indonesia).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	plicatus species group. Reviewed by Hill (1974b).	Northern Free-tailed Bat
13801580	Chaerephon leucogaster	A. Grandidier 1870	SPECIES			leucogaster		Chaerephon	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Rev. Mag. Zool., ser. 2 vol.21 p.337		cristatus  J. A. Allen, 1917; frater J. A. Allen, 1917; nigri Hatt, 1928; websteri Dollman, 1908.	Ethiopia to Ghana, Nigeria, Dem. Rep. Congo, Mali, Madagascar.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Data Deficient.	plicatus species group. Often included in pumilus, but apparently distinct; see Peterson et al. (1995).	Grandidier's Free-tailed Bat
13801581	Chaerephon major	Trouessart 1897	SPECIES			major		Chaerephon	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Cat. Mamm. Viv. Foss. vol.1 p.146		abae J. A. Allen, 1917; emini De Winton, 1901.	Senegal, Liberia, Mali, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Niger, Sudan, NE Dem. Rep. Congo, Uganda, Tanzania.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	plicatus species group. Specimens reported as pumilus by Happold (1967) actually represent major.	Lappet-eared Free-tailed Bat
13801582	Chaerephon nigeriae	Thomas 1913	SPECIES			nigeriae		Chaerephon	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.11 p.319		spillmani  Monard, 1933.	Guinea, Sierra Leone, Mali, Ghana, Togo, and Nigeria to Saudi Arabia and Yemen, Ethiopia south to Namibia, Botswana, Uganda, Malawi, and Zimbabwe.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	plicatus species group. Reviewed in part by Nader and Kock (1979), Harrison and Bates (1991), and Taylor (1999); also see Willis et al. (2002).	Nigerian Free-tailed Bat
13801583	Chaerephon nigeriae subsp. nigeriae	Thomas 1913	SUBSPECIES		nigeriae	nigeriae		Chaerephon	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.11 p.319		&nbsp; 			plicatus species group.	
13801584	Chaerephon nigeriae subsp. spillmani	Monard 1933	SUBSPECIES		spillmani	nigeriae		Chaerephon	Molossidae	Chiroptera						plicatus species group.	
13801585	Chaerephon plicatus	Buchannan 1800	SPECIES			plicatus		Chaerephon	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol.5 p.261		bengalensis  Desmarest, 1820; murinus Gray, 1830; dilatatus Horsfield, 1822; insularis Phillips, 1932; luzonus Hollister, 1913; tenuis Horsfield, 1822; adustus Sody, 1936.	India and Sri Lanka to S China, Hong Kong, Cambodia, and Vietnam, southeast through Malyasia to the Philippines, Borneo and Lesser Sunda Isls; Hainan (China); Cocos Keeling Isl (Indian Ocean).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	plicatus species group. Includes luzonus; see Hill (1961b) and Corbet and Hill (1992). Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997). Subspecies limits are problematic.	Wrinkle-lipped Free-tailed Bat
13801586	Chaerephon plicatus subsp. plicatus	Buchannan 1800	SUBSPECIES		plicatus	plicatus		Chaerephon	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol.5 p.261					plicatus species group.	
13801587	Chaerephon plicatus subsp. dilatatus	Horsfield 1822	SUBSPECIES		dilatatus	plicatus		Chaerephon	Molossidae	Chiroptera							
13801588	Chaerephon plicatus subsp. insularis	Phillips 1932	SUBSPECIES		insularis	plicatus		Chaerephon	Molossidae	Chiroptera							
13801590	Chaerephon plicatus subsp. tenuis	Horsfield 1822	SUBSPECIES		tenuis	plicatus		Chaerephon	Molossidae	Chiroptera							
13801591	Chaerephon pumilus	Cretzschmar 1830-1831	SPECIES			pumilus		Chaerephon	Molossidae	Chiroptera	In Rüppell, Atlas Reise Nördl. Afr., Zool. Säugeth. vol.1 p.69		dubius  Peters, 1852 [not A. Smith, 1833]; elphicki Roberts, 1926; faini Hayman, 1951; gambianus De Winton, 1901; hindei Thomas, 1904; langi Roberts, 1932; limbata Peters, 1852; naivashae Hollister, 1916; pusillus Miller, 1902.	Senegal to Yemen, south to South Africa; Bioko (Equatorial Guinea); São Tomé; Pemba and Zanzibar; Comoro Isls; Aldabra and Amirante Isls (Seychelles); Madagascar.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc) as C. pumila; Vulnerable as C. pusilla.	plicatus species group. Includes pusillus; see Hayman and Hill (1971). Does not include leucogaster; see Peterson et al. (1995). Koopman (1994) included leucogaster in pumilus and recognized 12 subspecies in the resulting complex. However, subspecies limits are poorly defined and many populations have not be allocated, rendering any subspecific classification useless. This complex probably includes more than one species; Peterson et al. (1995) recognized hindei, limbata, and naivashae as distinct, but did not diagnose or delimit them. Note that the correct spelling for the specific epithet in combination with Chaerephon is pumilus (not pumila) because the genus name is masculine. Northern records reviewed in part by Harrison and Bates (1991). See Bouchard (1998), but note that she included leucogaster in this species. Specimens reported as pumilus by Happold (1967) actually represent major... [truncated]	Little Free-tailed Bat
13801592	Chaerephon russatus	J. A. Allen 1917	SPECIES			russatus		Chaerephon	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.37 p.458			Ghana, Cameroon, Dem. Rep. Congo, Kenya.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	plicatus species group. The correct spelling for the specific epithet in combination with Chaerephon is russatus (not russata) because the genus name is masculine.	Russet Free-tailed Bat
13801663	Molossus molossus subsp. verrilli	J. A. Allen 1908	SUBSPECIES		verrilli	molossus		Molossus	Molossidae	Chiroptera							
13801593	Chaerephon shortridgei	Thomas 1926	SPECIES			shortridgei		Chaerephon	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1926 p.289			S Dem. Rep. Congo, Angola, Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Zambia.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	plicatus species group. Often considered a subspecies of chapini, but see Peterson et al. (1995), who treated these taxa as distinct species based on significant size differences and the large geographic gap apparently separating the southern populations (shortridgei) from northern populations (chapini). Fenton and Eger (2002) included shortridgei in chapini with no comment. Based on my own limited observations, I prefer to treat chapini and shortridgei as distinct species pending additional data.	Shortridge's Free-tailed Bat
13801594	Chaerephon solomonis	Troughton 1931	SPECIES			solomonis		Chaerephon	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. vol.56 p.201			Solomon Isls.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	plicatus species group. Often included in jobensis (e.g. Felten, 1964a; Hill, 1983), but provisionally recognized as distinct following Flannery (1995b).	Solomons Mastiff Bat
13801595	Chaerephon tomensis	Juste and Ibañez 1993	SPECIES			tomensis		Chaerephon	Molossidae	Chiroptera	J. Mammal. vol.74 p.901			São Tomé Isl.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	plicatusspecies group.	São Tomé Free-tailed Bat
13801596	Cheiromeles	Horsfield 1824	GENUS					Cheiromeles	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Zool. Res. Java vol.Part 8 p.Cheiromeles torquatus, pl. and 10 unno. pp	Cheiromeles torquata Horsfield, 1824.	Chiropotes  Gloger, 1841.			Placed in its own subfamiliy, Cheiromelinae Legendre, 1984, by some authors.	
13801597	Cheiromeles parvidens	Miller and Hollister 1921	SPECIES			parvidens		Cheiromeles	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.34 p.100			Sulawesi, Sanana Isl (Sula Isls; Indonesia); Mindanao, Minoro, and Negros (Philippines).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Formerly included in torquatus, but see Corbet and Hill (1992) and Ingle and Heaney (1992). Also see Flannery (1995b).	Lesser Naked Bat
13801598	Cheiromeles torquatus	Horsfield 1824	SPECIES			torquatus		Cheiromeles	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Zool. Res. Java vol.Part 8 p.Cheiromeles torquatus, pl. and 10 unno. pp		cheiropus  Temminck, 1826; caudatus Temminck, 1841; jacobsoni Thomas, 1923.	Peninsular Malaysia, Terutau Isl (Thailand), Sumatra and Java, Borneo, Palawan Isl (Philippines).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Does not include parvidens; see Corbet and Hill (1992) and Ingle and Heaney (1992).	Greater Naked Bat
13801599	Cheiromeles torquatus subsp. torquatus	Horsfield 1824	SUBSPECIES		torquatus	torquatus		Cheiromeles	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Zool. Res. Java vol.Part 8 p.Cheiromeles torquatus, pl. and 10 unno. pp						
13801600	Cheiromeles torquatus subsp. caudatus	Temminck 1841	SUBSPECIES		caudatus	torquatus		Cheiromeles	Molossidae	Chiroptera							
13801601	Cheiromeles torquatus subsp. jacobsoni	Thomas 1923	SUBSPECIES		jacobsoni	torquatus		Cheiromeles	Molossidae	Chiroptera							
13801619	Eumops bonariensis subsp. nanus	Miller 1900	SUBSPECIES		nanus	bonariensis		Eumops	Molossidae	Chiroptera							
13801655	Molossus currentium subsp. robustus	López-González and Presley 2001	SUBSPECIES		robustus	currentium		Molossus	Molossidae	Chiroptera							
13801602	Cynomops	Thomas 1920	GENUS					Cynomops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.5 p.189	Molossus cerastes Thomas, 1901 (= Vespertilio abrasus Temminck, 1827).				Often considered a subgenus of Molossops, but here treated as distinct at the genus level following Barquez et al. (1993), Peterson et al. (1995), Solari et al. (1999), Reid et al. (2000), Barquez and Diaz (2001), and Peters et al. (2002); also see Gardner (1977) and Freeman (1981). See Simmons and Voss (1998) and Peters et al. (2002) for diagnoses and reviews of species, but note that the former authors did not treat mexicanus as a species distinct from greenhalli.	
13801603	Cynomops abrasus	Temminck 1827	SPECIES			abrasus		Cynomops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Monogr. Mamm. vol.1 p.232		brachymeles  Peters, 1865; cerastes Thomas, 1901; mastivus Thomas, 1911.	Venezuela, Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana, Peru, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, N Argentina.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt) as Molossops abrasus.	Called brachymeles by Cabrera (1958) and Freeman (1981), but see Carter and Dolan (1978).	Cinnamon Dog-faced Bat
13801604	Cynomops abrasus subsp. abrasus	Temminck 1827	SUBSPECIES		abrasus	abrasus		Cynomops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Monogr. Mamm. vol.1 p.232		&nbsp; 				
13801605	Cynomops abrasus subsp. brachymeles	Peters 1865	SUBSPECIES		brachymeles	abrasus		Cynomops	Molossidae	Chiroptera							
13801606	Cynomops abrasus subsp. cerastes	Thomas 1901	SUBSPECIES		cerastes	abrasus		Cynomops	Molossidae	Chiroptera							
13801607	Cynomops abrasus subsp. mastivus	Thomas 1911	SUBSPECIES		mastivus	abrasus		Cynomops	Molossidae	Chiroptera							
13801608	Cynomops greenhalli	Goodwin 1958	SPECIES			greenhalli		Cynomops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.1877 p.3			Peru, Ecuador, Venezuela, Guianas, and NE Brazil; Trinidad.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc) as Molossops greenhalli.	Reviewed by Simmons and Voss (1998) and Peters et al. (2002); also see Freeman (1981). Does not include mexicanus, see Peters et al. (2002).	Greenhall's Dog-faced Bat
13801609	Cynomops mexicanus	Jones and Genoways 1967	SPECIES			mexicanus		Cynomops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.80 p.207			Nayarit to Chiapas (Mexico), Honduras, Costa Rica.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Formerly considered a subspecies of greenhalli (e.g., Koopman, 1994) but apparently distinct, see Peters et al. (2002), also see discussion in Simmons and Voss (1998).	Mexican Dog-faced Bat
13801610	Cynomops paranus	Thomas 1901	SPECIES			paranus		Cynomops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.8 p.190		milleri  Osgood, 1914.	Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela, Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana, Brazil, N Argentina. A record from C Mexico listed by Corbet and Hill (1980, 1991) is dubious.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Distinct from planirostris; see Williams and Genoways (1980c), Barquez et al. (1993), and Simmons and Voss (1998). Includes milleri; see Simmons and Voss (1998).	Brown Dog-faced Bat
13801611	Cynomops planirostris	Peters 1865 "1866"	SPECIES			planirostris		Cynomops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1865 p.575			Panama to Peru, Bolivia, N Argentina, Paraguay, Brazil, French Guiana, Surinam, Venezuela, probably Guyana.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Lectotype designated by Carter and Dolan (1978). Does not include milleri or paranus; see Williams and Genoways (1980c), Barquez et al. (1993), and Simmons and Voss (1998). Specimens previously reported from Ecuador apparently represent paranus; planirostris is not presently known from Ecuador (Reid et al., 2000).	Southern Dog-faced Bat
13801612	Eumops	Miller 1906	GENUS					Eumops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.19 p.85	Molossus californicus Merriam, 1890 (= Molossus perotis Schinz, 1821).				Revised by Eger (1977). Probably includes Molossus ater E. Geoffroy, 1805, see Dolan (1989). Unfortunately, the type of ater has been lost and its affinities are unclear.	
13801613	Eumops auripendulus	Shaw 1800	SPECIES			auripendulus		Eumops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Gen. Zool. Syst. Nat. Hist. vol.1 1 p.137		abrasus  Miller, 1906 [not Temminck, 1827]; amplexicaudatus Geoffroy, 1805; barbatus J. A. Allen, 1904; leucopleura Wagner, 1843; longimanus Wagner, 1843; milleri J. A. Allen, 1900; oaxacensis Goodwin, 1956; major Eger, 1974.	Oaxaca and Yucatán (Mexico) to Peru, Bolivia, N Argentina, E Brazil, Venezuela, the Guianas, Trinidad, and Jamaica.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Called abrasus in Hall and Kelson (1959), but see Husson (1962) and Hall (1981). Also see Best et al. (2002). Jamaican form reviewed by Timm and Genoways (2003).	Black Bonneted Bat
13801614	Eumops auripendulus subsp. auripendulus	Shaw 1800	SUBSPECIES		auripendulus	auripendulus		Eumops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Gen. Zool. Syst. Nat. Hist. vol.1 1 p.137						
13801616	Eumops bonariensis	Peters 1874	SPECIES			bonariensis		Eumops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1874 p.232		delticus  Thomas, 1923; nanus Miller, 1900.	Veracruz (Mexico) to NW Peru, NW Argentina, Parguay, Uruguay, and Brazil.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Does not include patagonicus or beckeri; see Barquez and Ojeda (1992), Barquez et al. (1993), and Saralegui (1996). See Hunt et al. (2003), but note that they included patagonicus in bonariensis.	Dwarf Bonneted Bat
13801617	Eumops bonariensis subsp. bonariensis	Peters 1874	SUBSPECIES		bonariensis	bonariensis		Eumops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1874 p.232		&nbsp; 				
13801618	Eumops bonariensis subsp. delticus	Thomas 1923	SUBSPECIES		delticus	bonariensis		Eumops	Molossidae	Chiroptera							
13801620	Eumops dabbenei	Thomas 1914	SPECIES			dabbenei		Eumops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.13 p.481		mederai  Massoia, 1976.	Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, Paraguay, N Argentina.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes mederai, which was originally described as a subspecies of underwoodi (Koopman, 1993). See McWilliams et al. (2002).	Big Bonneted Bat
13801621	Eumops glaucinus	Wagner 1843	SPECIES			glaucinus		Eumops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Arch. Naturgesch. vol.9 1 p.368		ferox  Gundlach, 1861; orthotis H. Allen, 1889; floridanus G. M. Allen, 1932.	Jalisco (Mexico) to Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, N Argentina and Brazil; Jamaica; Cuba; Florida (USA).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc). E. g. floridanus is classified as an Endangered Species by the Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission.	Includes floridanus; see Eger (1977). This complex may include more than one species, see Timm and Genoways (2003).	Wagner's Bonneted Bat
13801622	Eumops glaucinus subsp. glaucinus	Wagner 1843	SUBSPECIES		glaucinus	glaucinus		Eumops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Arch. Naturgesch. vol.9 1 p.368						
13801623	Eumops glaucinus subsp. floridanus	G. M. Allen 1932	SUBSPECIES		floridanus	glaucinus		Eumops	Molossidae	Chiroptera							
13801624	Eumops hansae	Sanborn 1932	SPECIES			hansae		Eumops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	J. Mammal. vol.13 p.356		amazonicus  Handley, 1955.	Chiapas (Mexico), NW Honduras, SW Costa Rica, Panama, Venezuela, Guianas, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes amazonicus; see Gardner et al. (1970) and Eger (1977). Also see Best et al. (2001b).	Sanborn's Bonneted Bat
13801625	Eumops maurus	Thomas 1901	SPECIES			maurus		Eumops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.7 p.141		geijskesi  Husson, 1962.	Ecuador, Venezuela, Guyana, Surinam. Best et al. (2001a) included extreme N Brazil in the range of this species, but I am unaware of any records from that area.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan  Vulnerable.	Includes geijskesi; see Eger (1977). Reviewed by Best et al. (2001a); also see Reid et al. (2000).	Guianan Bonneted Bat
13801849	Eptesicus hottentotus subsp. bensoni	Roberts 1946	SUBSPECIES		bensoni	hottentotus	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801626	Eumops patagonicus	Thomas 1924	SPECIES			patagonicus		Eumops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.13 p.234		beckeri  Sanborn, 1932.	Bolivia, Argentina, Uruguay.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Distinct from bonariensis; see Barquez and Ojeda (1992), Barquez et al. (1993), Mares et al. (1995), Saralegui (1996), Barquez and Diaz (2001), and Gregorin and Taddei (2002).	Patagonian Dwarf Bonneted Bat
13801627	Eumops patagonicus subsp. patagonicus	Thomas 1924	SUBSPECIES		patagonicus	patagonicus		Eumops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.13 p.234		&nbsp; 				
13801628	Eumops patagonicus subsp. beckeri	Sanborn 1932	SUBSPECIES		beckeri	patagonicus		Eumops	Molossidae	Chiroptera							
13801629	Eumops perotis	Schinz 1821	SPECIES			perotis		Eumops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	In Cuvier, Das Thierreich vol.1 p.870		renatae  Pirlot, 1965; californicus Merriam, 1890; gigas Peters, 1864.	California to Texas (USA), south to Zacatecas and Hidalgo (Mexico); N Venezuela, W Ecuador and W Peru, Bolivia, N Argentina, Paraguay, and E Brazil; Cuba.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Does not include trumbulli; see Eger (1977). The large geographic gap between the North American and South American ranges of this taxon suggests that this complex may include more than one species.	Greater Bonneted Bat
13801630	Eumops perotis subsp. perotis	Schinz 1821	SUBSPECIES		perotis	perotis		Eumops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	In Cuvier, Das Thierreich vol.1 p.870						
13801631	Eumops perotis subsp. californicus	Merriam 1890	SUBSPECIES		californicus	perotis		Eumops	Molossidae	Chiroptera							
13801632	Eumops perotis subsp. gigas	Peters 1864	SUBSPECIES		gigas	perotis		Eumops	Molossidae	Chiroptera							
13801633	Eumops trumbulli	Thomas 1901	SPECIES			trumbulli		Eumops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.7 p.190			Colombia, W Peru, N Bolivia, S Venezuela, Guianas, Amazon basin of Brazil.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Included in perotis by Koopman (1971b, 1978b, 1993, 1994) but see Eger (1977).	Trumbull's Bonneted Bat
13801634	Eumops underwoodi	Goodwin 1940	SPECIES			underwoodi		Eumops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.1075 p.2		sonoriensis  Benson, 1947.	Arizona (USA) to Nicaragua.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Does not include mederai, which has been transferred to dabbenei (Koopman, 1993).	Underwood's Bonneted Bat
13801635	Eumops underwoodi subsp. underwoodi	Goodwin 1940	SUBSPECIES		underwoodi	underwoodi		Eumops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.1075 p.2		&nbsp; 				
13801636	Eumops underwoodi subsp. sonoriensis	Benson 1947	SUBSPECIES		sonoriensis	underwoodi		Eumops	Molossidae	Chiroptera							
13801653	Molossus currentium subsp. currentium	Thomas 1901	SUBSPECIES		currentium	currentium		Molossus	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.8 p.438		&nbsp; 				
13801637	Molossops	Peters 1865 "1866"	GENUS					Molossops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1865 p.575	Dysopes temminckii Burmeister, 1854.	Cabreramops Ibáñez, 1980; Dysopes Burmeister, 1854 [not Illiger, 1811]; Myopterus Peters, 1869 [not Geoffory, 1813]; Neoplatymops Peterson, 1965.			Includes Cabreramops and Neoplatymops with Molossops as subgenera. Cynomops is here treated as distinct at the genus level following Barquez et al. (1993), Peterson et al. (1995), Solari et al. (1999), Reid et al. (2000), Barquez and Diaz (2001), and Peters et al. (2002); also see Gardner (1977) and Freeman (1981).	
13801638	Molossops	Peters 1865 "1866"	SUBGENUS				Molossops	Molossops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1865 p.575	Dysopes temminckii Burmeister, 1854.					
13801639	Cabreramops	Ibáñez 1980	SUBGENUS				Cabreramops	Molossops	Molossidae	Chiroptera							
13801640	Neoplatymops	Peterson 1965	SUBGENUS				Neoplatymops	Molossops	Molossidae	Chiroptera							
13801641	Molossops aequatorianus	Cabrera 1917	SPECIES			aequatorianus	Cabreramops	Molossops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Trab. Mus. Nac. Cienc. Nat. Zool. vol.31 p.20			Ecuador.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	Subgenus Cabreramops. Placed in its own genus (Cabreramops) by Ibáñez (1980).	Equatorial Dog-faced Bat
13801642	Molossops mattogrossensis	Vieira 1942	SPECIES			mattogrossensis	Neoplatymops	Molossops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Argent. Zool. Sao Paulo vol.3 p.430			Venezuela, Guyana, C and NE Brazil.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Neoplatymops; see Freeman (1981). Listed as a subspecies of Molossops temminckii by Cabrera (1958), but see Peterson (1965a), who considered Neoplatymops a distinct genus. See Willig and Jones (1985). See Emmons (1997) for distribution map.	Mato Grosso Dog-faced Bat
13801643	Molossops neglectus	Williams and Genoways 1980	SPECIES			neglectus	Molossops	Molossops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Carnegie Mus. vol.49 25 p.489			Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Surinam, Amazonian Brazil, Peru, N Argentina. Also found in the Atlantic Forest of SE Brazil (B. Lim and R. Gregorin, pers. comm.).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Molossops. See Lim and Engstrom (2001).	Rufous Dog-faced Bat
13801692	Mops sarasinorum subsp. sarasinorum	A. Meyer 1899	SUBSPECIES		sarasinorum	sarasinorum	Mops	Mops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Abh. Zool. Anthrop.-Ethnolog. Mus. Dresden vol.7 7 p.16		&nbsp; 				
13800177	Phygetis	K. Andersen 1912	SUBGENUS				Phygetis	Myonycteris	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13801644	Molossops temminckii	Burmeister 1854	SPECIES			temminckii	Molossops	Molossops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Syst. Uebers. Thiere Bras. p.72		hirtipes  Winge, 1892; griseiventer Sanborn, 1941; sylvia Thomas, 1924.	Guyana, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, S Brazil, Paraguay, N Argentina, Uruguay.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Molossops.	Dwarf Dog-faced Bat
13801648	Molossus	E. Geoffroy 1805	GENUS					Molossus	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.6 p.151	Vespertilio molossus Pallas, 1766.	Dysopes  Illiger, 1811.			Central American species revised by Dolan (1989). Jennings et al. (2000) provided a key to species modified from Hall (1981), but did not include many of the species recognized here as distinct.	
13801649	Molossus aztecus	Saussure 1860	SPECIES			aztecus		Molossus	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Rev. Mag. Zool. Paris, Ser. 2 vol.12 p.285			Jalisco (Mexico) to Nicaragua; Cozumel Isl (Mexico); S Venezuela.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Included in molossus by Koopman (1993, 1994), but see Dolan (1989). The Venezuela record is from Lim and Engstrom (2001). Also see López-González and Presley (2001).	Aztec Mastiff Bat
13801650	Molossus barnesi	Thomas 1905	SPECIES			barnesi		Molossus	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.15 p.584			French Guiana.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Placed in coibensis by Dolan (1989) and considered a subspecies of molossus by Koopman (1993, 1994), but clearly distinct, see Simmons and Voss (1998). Sometimes spelled burnesi (e.g., Freeman, 1981), but the correct spelling is barnesi; see Cabrera (1958), Carter and Dolan (1978), and Simmons and Voss (1998).	Barnes's Mastiff Bat
13801651	Molossus coibensis	J. A. Allen 1904	SPECIES			coibensis		Molossus	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.20 p.227		cherriei  J. A. Allen, 1916; lambi Gardner, 1966.	Chiapas (Mexico) south to Venezuela, SW Guyana, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Mato Grosso (Brazil).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Included in molossus by Koopman (1993, 1994), but see Dolan (1989) and Reid et al. (2000). Does not include barnesi but does include cherriei and lambi; see Dolan (1989) and Simmons and Voss (1998). Also see Lim and Engstrom (2001).	Coiban Mastiff Bat
13801652	Molossus currentium	Thomas 1901	SPECIES			currentium		Molossus	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.8 p.438		bondae  J. A. Allen, 1904; robustus López-González and Presley, 2001	Honduras to Costa Rica; E Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela; Amazonian Brazil; Paraguay and N Argentina.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc) as M. bondae.	This species was formerly known as bondae, but currentium (previously listed as a junior synonym of molossus) is an earlier name; see López-González and Presley (2001). Subspecies nomenclature revised by López-González and Presley (2001). Also see Burnett et al. (2001).	Thomas's Mastiff Bat
13801654	Molossus currentium subsp. bondae	J. A. Allen 1904	SUBSPECIES		bondae	currentium		Molossus	Molossidae	Chiroptera							
13801656	Molossus molossus	Pallas 1766	SPECIES			molossus		Molossus	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Misc. Zool. p.49-50		acuticaudatus  Desmarest, 1820; amplexicaudus Wagner, 1850; crassicaudatus Geoffroy, 1805; currentium Miller, 1913 [not Thomas, 1901]; daulensis J. A. Allen, 1916; fusciventer Geoffroy, 1805; longicaudatus Geoffroy, 1805; major Kerr, 1792; minor Kerr, 1792; moxensis DOrbigny, 1835; obscurus Geoffroy, 1805; olivaceofuscus Wagner, 1850; velox Temminck, 1827; debilis Miller, 1913; pygmaeus Miller, 1900; fortis Miller, 1913; milleri Johnson, 1952; fuliginosus Gray, 1838 [not Cooper, 1837]; tropidorhynchus Gray, 1839; verrilli J. A. Allen, 1908.	Sinaloa and Coahuila (Mexico) to Peru, N Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, Brazil and Guianas; Greater and Lesser Antilles; Florida Keys (USA); Margarita Isl (Venezuela); Curaçao and Bonaire (Netherlands Antilles); Trinidad and Tobago.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes fortis, milleri, debilis, and tropidorhynchus; see Varona (1974). Called major by Hall and Kelson (1959) and Cabrera (1958) but see Husson (1962). Does not include aztecus, barnesi, coibensis, cherriei, and lambi; see Dolan (1989) and Simmons and Voss (1998). Includes daulensis, but see Albuja (1982). Antillean populations reviewed by Genoways et al. (1981) and Timm and Genoways (2003). Records from the Florida Keys may have resulted from transportation by humans; see Frank (1997). M. pygmaeus may represent a distinct species, possibly including populations from Guyana; see Lim and Engstrom (2001). This complexis desperately in need of revision.	Pallas's Mastiff Bat
13801657	Molossus molossus subsp. molossus	Pallas 1766	SUBSPECIES		molossus	molossus		Molossus	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Misc. Zool. p.49-50						
13801658	Molossus molossus subsp. debilis	Miller 1913	SUBSPECIES		debilis	molossus		Molossus	Molossidae	Chiroptera							
13801659	Molossus molossus subsp. pygmaeus	Miller 1900	SUBSPECIES		pygmaeus	molossus		Molossus	Molossidae	Chiroptera							
13801660	Molossus molossus subsp. fortis	Miller 1913	SUBSPECIES		fortis	molossus		Molossus	Molossidae	Chiroptera							
13801661	Molossus molossus subsp. milleri	Johnson 1952	SUBSPECIES		milleri	molossus		Molossus	Molossidae	Chiroptera							
13801662	Molossus molossus subsp. tropidorhynchus	Gray 1839	SUBSPECIES		tropidorhynchus	molossus		Molossus	Molossidae	Chiroptera							
13801664	Molossus pretiosus	Miller 1902	SPECIES			pretiosus		Molossus	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. p.396			Guerrero, Oaxaca (Mexico); Nicaragua to Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, and Brazil.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Listed as a synonym of rufus by Cabrera (1958), but see Jones et al. (1977) and Dolan (1989). Does not include macdougalli; see Dolan (1989). See Jennings et al. (2000).	Miller's Mastiff Bat
13801665	Molossus rufus	E. Geoffroy 1805	SPECIES			rufus		Molossus	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mus. Nat. Hist. Paris vol.6 p.155			Tamaulipas, Michoacan, and Sinaloa (Mexico) to Peru, N Argentina, Brazil and Guianas; Trinidad.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc) as M. ater. synonyms: albus Wagner, 1843; alecto Temminck, 1827; fluminensis Lataste, 1891; holosericeus Wagner, 1843; myosurus Tschudi, 1844; ursinus Spix, 1823; castaneus Geoffroy, 1805; nigricans Miller, 1902; macdougalli Goodwin, 1956; malagai Villa-R., 1955.	Called ater by many authors, but see Carter and Dolan (1978) and Dolan (1989), who argued, based on descriptions of head and ear shape of both taxa, and examination of the specimens labeled as types of rufus in the Muséum National dHistoire Naturelle in Paris, that Molossus ater Geoffroy, 1805, is really an Eumops, and that rufus is really the correct name for the large Molossus often incorrectly called ater. Lectotype designated by Carter and Dolan (1978). Unfortunately, the type of ater has been lost and its relationships are unclear. Includes malagai; see Jones (1965). Includes macdougalli; see Jones et al. (1977) and Dolan (1989).	Black Mastiff Bat
13801666	Molossus sinaloae	J. A. Allen 1906	SPECIES			sinaloae		Molossus	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.22 p.236		trinitatus  Goodwin, 1959.	Sinaloa and Michoacan (Mexico) to Colombia, Guyana, Surinam, and French Guiana; Trinidad.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes trinitatus, see Dolan (1989) and Simmons and Voss (1998). Reviewed by Jennings et al. (2002).	Sinaloan Mastiff Bat
13801667	Molossus sinaloae subsp. sinaloae	J. A. Allen 1906	SUBSPECIES		sinaloae	sinaloae		Molossus	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.22 p.236		&nbsp; 				
13801668	Molossus sinaloae subsp. trinitatus	Goodwin 1959	SUBSPECIES		trinitatus	sinaloae		Molossus	Molossidae	Chiroptera							
13801669	Mops	Lesson 1842	GENUS					Mops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Nouv. Tabl. Regn. Anim. Mammifères p.18	Mops indicus Lesson, 1842 (= Molossus mops de Blainville, 1840).	Allomops  J. A. Allen, 1917; Philippinopterus Taylor, 1934; Xiphonycteris Dollman, 1911.			Formerly included in Tadarida, often as a subgenus, but apparently distinct; see Freeman (1981), also see Legendre (1984). Dunlop (1999) provided a key to subgenera and species in this genus. Two subgenera are recognized, Mops and Xiphonycteris.	
13801670	Mops	Lesson 1842	SUBGENUS				Mops	Mops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Nouv. Tabl. Regn. Anim. Mammifères p.18	Mops indicus Lesson, 1842 (= Molossus mops de Blainville, 1840).					
13801671	Xiphonycteris	Dollman 1911	SUBGENUS				Xiphonycteris	Mops	Molossidae	Chiroptera							
13801700	Mormopterus beccarii subsp. beccarii	Peters 1881	SUBSPECIES		beccarii	beccarii		Mormopterus	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1881 p.484		&nbsp; 			norfolkensis species group.	
13801672	Mops brachypterus	Peters 1852	SPECIES			brachypterus	Xiphonycteris	Mops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Reise nach Mossambique, Säugethiere p.59		leonis  Thomas, 1908; ochraceus J. A. Allen, 1917.	Gambia to Kenya; Tanzania (including Zanzibar and Mafia Isl); Mozambique.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Xiphonycteris. Includes leonis; see El-Rayah (1981).	Short-winged Free-tailed Bat
13801673	Mops brachypterus subsp. brachypterus	Peters 1852	SUBSPECIES		brachypterus	brachypterus	Xiphonycteris	Mops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Reise nach Mossambique, Säugethiere p.59		&nbsp; 				
13801674	Mops brachypterus subsp. leonis	Thomas 1908	SUBSPECIES		leonis	brachypterus	Xiphonycteris	Mops	Molossidae	Chiroptera							
13801675	Mops condylurus	A. Smith 1833	SPECIES			condylurus	Mops	Mops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	S. Afr. Quart. J. vol.1 p.54		angolensis  Peters, 1870; orientis G. M. Allen and Loveridge, 1942; osborni J. A. Allen, 1917; fulva Monard, 1939; occidentalis Monard, 1939; wonderi Sanbron, 1936.	Mauritania and Senegal to Somalia, south to Angola, Botswana, and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Mops. Does not include leucostigma; see Peterson et al., 1995. Distribution mapped by Taylor (2000a).	Angolan Free-tailed Bat
13801676	Mops condylurus subsp. condylurus	A. Smith 1833	SUBSPECIES		condylurus	condylurus	Mops	Mops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	S. Afr. Quart. J. vol.1 p.54						
13801677	Mops condylurus subsp. orientis	G. M. Allen and Loveridge 1942	SUBSPECIES		orientis	condylurus	Mops	Mops	Molossidae	Chiroptera							
13801678	Mops condylurus subsp. osborni	J. A. Allen 1917	SUBSPECIES		osborni	condylurus	Mops	Mops	Molossidae	Chiroptera							
13801679	Mops condylurus subsp. wonderi	Sanbron 1936	SUBSPECIES		wonderi	condylurus	Mops	Mops	Molossidae	Chiroptera							
13801693	Mops sarasinorum subsp. lanei	Taylor 1934	SUBSPECIES		lanei	sarasinorum	Mops	Mops	Molossidae	Chiroptera							
13801694	Mops spurrelli	Dollman 1911	SPECIES			spurrelli	Xiphonycteris	Mops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.7 p.211			Guinea to Rio Muni, Bioko (Equatorial Guinea), Central African Republic, and Dem. Rep. Congo.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Xiphonycteris.	Spurrell's Free-tailed Bat
13801680	Mops congicus	J. A. Allen 1917	SPECIES			congicus	Mops	Mops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.37 p.467			Cameroon, Dem. Rep. Congo, Uganda. Specimens reported from Ghana and Nigeria actually represent trevori (J. Fahr, pers. comm.). Koopman (1993) included "perhaps Gambia" in the distribution, but this was apparently a lapsus for a specimen of demonstrator taken at sea off the coast of Gambia (see Koopman, 1989b).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Mops. Does not include trevori; see Peterson (1972).	Congo Free-tailed Bat
13801681	Mops demonstrator	Thomas 1903	SPECIES			demonstrator	Mops	Mops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.12 p.504		faradjius  J. A. Allen, 1917.	Sudan, Dem. Rep. Congo, Uganda, Burkina Faso, Ghana, perhaps Gambia (see Koopman, 1989).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Mops. Koopman (1993) suggested that demonstrator may include niveiventer.	Mongallan Free-tailed Bat
13801682	Mops leucostigma	G. M. Allen 1918	SPECIES			leucostigma	Mops	Mops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard vol.61 4 p.513			E, N, and W Madagascar.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Data Deficient.	Subgenus Mops. Formerly included in condylurus, but see Peterson et al. (1995).	Malagasy White-bellied Free-tailed Bat
13801683	Mops midas	Sundevall 1842 "1843"	SPECIES			midas	Mops	Mops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Kongl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl. Stockholm vol.1842 p.207		unicolor  A. Grandidier, 1870; miarensis A. Grandidier, 1869.	Senegal to Saudi Arabia, south to Botswana, NE South Africa, and Zimbabwe; Madagascar.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Mops. Reviewed by Peterson et al. (1995) and Dunlop (1999); also see Harrison and Bates (1991).	Midas' Free-tailed Bat
13801684	Mops midas subsp. midas	Sundevall 1842 "1843"	SUBSPECIES		midas	midas	Mops	Mops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Kongl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl. Stockholm vol.1842 p.207						
13801685	Mops midas subsp. miarensis	A. Grandidier 1869	SUBSPECIES		miarensis	midas	Mops	Mops	Molossidae	Chiroptera							
13801686	Mops mops	de Blainville 1840	SPECIES			mops	Mops	Mops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Osteogr. Mamm. vol.pt. 5 (Vespertilio) p.101		indicus  Lesson, 1842 [nomen nudum]; mops F. Cuvier, 1824 [nomen nudum]; tenuis Temminck, 1827 [not Horsefield, 1822].	W Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, perhaps Java.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Mops. Dysopes labiatus Temminck, 1827, may be an older name for this taxon; see discussion in Hill (1961b) and Corbet and Hill (1992). Possibly includes sarasinorum; see Corbet and Hill (1992).	Malayan Free-tailed Bat
13801701	Mormopterus beccarii subsp. astrolabiensis	Meyer 1899	SUBSPECIES		astrolabiensis	beccarii		Mormopterus	Molossidae	Chiroptera						norfolkensis species group.	
13801757	Sauromys petrophilus subsp. fitzsimonsi	Roberts 1946	SUBSPECIES		fitzsimonsi	petrophilus		Sauromys	Molossidae	Chiroptera							
13801687	Mops nanulus	J. A. Allen 1917	SPECIES			nanulus	Xiphonycteris	Mops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.37 p.477		calabarensis  Hayman, 1940.	Sierra Leone to Ethiopia and Kenya. A previous report of this species from The Gambia is in error, probably based on a specimen of brachypterus (J. Fahr, pers. comm.)	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Xiphonycteris.	Dwarf Free-tailed Bat
13801688	Mops niangarae	J. A. Allen 1917	SPECIES			niangarae	Mops	Mops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.37 p.468			Dem. Rep. Congo (known only from the holotype).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Critically Endangered.	Subgenus Mops. Peterson (1972) included this species in trevori, while Hayman and Hill (1971) listed it as a subspecies of Tadarida congica (= Mops congicus). Freeman (1981) found that holotype skull differed significantly from skulls of both trevori and congicus, and therefore retained niangarae a distinct species. I follow this treatment pending a more formal revision of the trevori/congicus complex.	Niangaran Free-tailed Bat
13801689	Mops niveiventer	Cabrera and Ruxton 1926	SPECIES			niveiventer	Mops	Mops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.17 p.594		chitauensis  Hill, 1937.	Dem. Rep. Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania, Angola, Zambia, Mozambique. Records from Botswana and Madagascar are erroneous; Botswana records are now thought to represent condylurus while Madagascar records represent leucostigma (see Hayman and Hill [1971], Meester et al. [1986], and Peterson et al. [1995]).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Mops. Clearly distinct from condylurus, see Ansell (1967), Hayman and Hill (1971), and Meester et al. (1986). Koopman (1993) suggested that niveiventer is possibly a subspecies of demonstrator. Reviewed in part by Van Cakenberghe et al. (1999).	White-bellied Free-tailed Bat
13801690	Mops petersoni	El Rayah 1981	SPECIES			petersoni	Xiphonycteris	Mops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	R. Ontario Mus. Life Sci. Occas. Pap. vol.36 p.3			Cameroon and Ghana. Koopman (1993) included "perhaps Sierra Leone" in the distribution, but there are apparently no documented records from that country (J. Fahr, pers. comm.).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Xiphonycteris.	Peterson's Free-tailed Bat
13801691	Mops sarasinorum	A. Meyer 1899	SPECIES			sarasinorum	Mops	Mops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Abh. Zool. Anthrop.-Ethnolog. Mus. Dresden vol.7 7 p.16		lanei  Taylor, 1934.	Sulawesi (Indonesia) and adjacent small islands; Philippines.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Mops. Includes lanei (formerly included in Philippinopterus); see Freeman (1981) and Hill and Rozendaal (1989). Possibly conspecific with mops; see Corbet and Hill (1992).	Sulawesian Free-tailed Bat
13801744	Promops centralis subsp. centralis	Thomas 1915	SUBSPECIES		centralis	centralis		Promops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.16 p.62		&nbsp; 				
13801695	Mops thersites	Thomas 1903	SPECIES			thersites	Xiphonycteris	Mops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.12 p.634		occipitalis  J. A. Allen, 1917.	Sierra Leone to Rwanda; Bioko (Equatorial Guinea); perhaps Mozambique and Zanzibar.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Xiphonycteris.	Railer Free-tailed Bat
14000102	Leopardus pajeros subsp. thomasi	Lönnberg 1913	SUBSPECIES		thomasi	pajeros		Leopardus	Felidae	Carnivora							
13801696	Mops trevori	J. A. Allen 1917	SPECIES			trevori	Mops	Mops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.37 p.468			NE Dem. Rep. Congo, Uganda, Sudan, Ghana, Nigeria.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Mops. Formerly included niangarae; see Peterson (1972) and Freeman (1981). Specimens reported as congicus from Ghana and Nigeria actually represent trevori (J. Fahr, pers. comm.).	Trevor's Free-tailed Bat
13801697	Mormopterus	Peters 1865	GENUS					Mormopterus	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1865 p.258	Nyctinomus (Mormopterus) jugularis Peters, 1865.	Micronomus  Troughton, 1943.			Formerly included in Tadarida but apparently distinct; see Koopman (1975) and Legendre (1984), but also see Freeman (1981). Does not include Platymops and Sauromys; see Corbet and Hill (1992) and Peterson et al. (1995). Species groups follow Koopman (1994). This genus apparently includes at least seven undescribed species in Australia; see Adams et al. (1988), Churchill (1998), and Menkhorst and Knight (2001). These forms have already been given common names (Churchill, 1998): Eastern Freetail Bat, Inland Freetail Bat, Little Northern Freetail Bat, Little Western Freetail Bat, Southern Freetail Bat, Western Freetail Bat, and Hairy-nosed Freetail Bat.	
13801698	Mormopterus acetabulosus	Hermann 1804	SPECIES			acetabulosus		Mormopterus	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Observ. Zool. p.19		natalensis  A. Smith, 1847.	Réunion and Mauritius (Mascarene Isls), and a single record from Ethiopia. A record from South Africa is questionable, and no specimens are known from Madagascar despite several reports to the contrary (Peterson et al., 1995).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	acetabulosus species group. Reviewed by Peterson et al. (1995).	Mauritian Little Mastiff Bat
13801699	Mormopterus beccarii	Peters 1881	SPECIES			beccarii		Mormopterus	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1881 p.484		astrolabiensis  Meyer, 1899.	Molucca Isls, New Guinea, adjacent small islands, N Australia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	norfolkensis species group. Includes astrolabiensis, see Freeman (1981) and Hill (1983), also see Flannery (1995a, b) and Bonaccorso (1998). Peterson et al. (1995) listed astrolabiensis as a distinct species with no comment.	Beccari's Mastiff Bat
13801702	Mormopterus doriae	K. Andersen 1907	SPECIES			doriae		Mormopterus	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova vol.3 38 p.42			Sumatra.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	acetabulosus species group.	Sumatran Mastiff Bat
13801703	Mormopterus jugularis	Peters 1865	SPECIES			jugularis		Mormopterus	Molossidae	Chiroptera	In Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1865 p.468		albiventer  Dobson, 1877.	Madagascar.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	acetabulosus species group. Reviewed by Peterson et al. (1995).	Peters's Wrinkle-lipped Bat
13801704	Mormopterus kalinowskii	Thomas 1893	SPECIES			kalinowskii		Mormopterus	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1893 p.334			Peru, N Chile.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	kalinowskii species group.	Kalinowski's Mastiff Bat
13801705	Mormopterus loriae	Thomas 1897	SPECIES			loriae		Mormopterus	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova vol.18 p.609		cobourgiana  Johnson, 1959; ridei Felten, 1964.	N Australia; New Guinea.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	norfolkensis species group. Formerly included in planiceps, but see Flannery (1995a) and Bonaccorso (1998). Also see Hill (1961b) and Koopman (1984c). This complex may include at least two undescribed species; see Menkhorst and Knight (2001).	Loria's Mastiff Bat
13801706	Mormopterus loriae subsp. loriae	Thomas 1897	SUBSPECIES		loriae	loriae		Mormopterus	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova vol.18 p.609		&nbsp; 			norfolkensis species group.	
13801707	Mormopterus loriae subsp. cobourgiana	Johnson 1959	SUBSPECIES		cobourgiana	loriae		Mormopterus	Molossidae	Chiroptera						norfolkensis species group.	
13801708	Mormopterus loriae subsp. ridei	Felten 1964	SUBSPECIES		ridei	loriae		Mormopterus	Molossidae	Chiroptera						norfolkensis species group.	
13801709	Mormopterus minutus	Miller 1899	SPECIES			minutus		Mormopterus	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.12 p.173			Cuba.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	kalinowskii species group.	Little Goblin Bat
13801745	Promops centralis subsp. davisoni	Thomas 1921	SUBSPECIES		davisoni	centralis		Promops	Molossidae	Chiroptera						davisoni may actually be a subspecies of nasutus; see Genoways and Williams (1979b) and Freeman (1981). See also Ojasti and Linares (1971).	
13801710	Mormopterus norfolkensis	Gray 1840	SPECIES			norfolkensis		Mormopterus	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Nat. Hist. vol.4 p.7		wilcoxii  Krefft, 1871.	Norfolk Isl?, SE Queensland, E New South Wales (Australia).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	norfolkensis species group. There is considerable doubt as to the status of this species; see Hill (1961b) and Koopman (1984c). Freeman (1981) included wilcoxii in planiceps.	Eastern Little Mastiff Bat
13801711	Mormopterus phrudus	Handley 1956	SPECIES			phrudus		Mormopterus	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.69 p.197			Peru.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Endangered.	kalinowskii species group.	Incan Little Mastiff Bat
13801712	Mormopterus planiceps	Peters 1866	SPECIES			planiceps		Mormopterus	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1866 p.23		petersi  Leche, 1844.	S and C Australia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	norfolkensis species group. Formerly included loriae, but see Flannery (1995a) and Bonaccorso (1998). See Hill (1961b) and Koopman (1984c). This complex may includes at as many as three undescribed species; see Menkhorst and Knight (2001).	Southern Free-tailed Bat
13801713	Myopterus	E. Geoffroy 1818	GENUS					Myopterus	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Descrip. de L'Egypte vol.2 p.113	Myopterus senegalensis Oken, 1816 (not available) (= Myopterus daubentonii Desmarest, 1820).	Eomops  Thomas, 1905.			Includes Eomops; see Hayman and Hill (1971).	
13801714	Myopterus daubentonii	Desmarest 1820	SPECIES			daubentonii		Myopterus	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Mammalogie, in Encyclop. Méth. vol.1 p.132		albatus  Thomas, 1915.	Senegal, Côte dIvoire, NE Dem. Rep. Congo, Central African Republic.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Data Deficient.	Holotype lost; neotype designated by Adam et al. (1993). Includes albatus; see Koopman (1989b) and Adam et al. (1993).	Daubenton's Winged-mouse Bat
13801715	Myopterus daubentonii subsp. daubentonii	Desmarest 1820	SUBSPECIES		daubentonii	daubentonii		Myopterus	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Mammalogie, in Encyclop. Méth. vol.1 p.132		&nbsp; 				
13801716	Myopterus daubentonii subsp. albatus	Thomas 1915	SUBSPECIES		albatus	daubentonii		Myopterus	Molossidae	Chiroptera							
13801717	Myopterus whitleyi	Scharff 1900	SPECIES			whitleyi		Myopterus	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.6 p.569			Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Dem. Rep. Congo, Uganda.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Adam et al. (1993).	Bini Winged-mouse Bat
13801718	Nyctinomops	Miller 1902	GENUS					Nyctinomops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. vol.54 p.393	Nyctinomus femorosaccus Merriam, 1889.				Formerly included in Tadarida but apparently distinct; see Hall (1981) and Legendre (1984), but also see Freeman (1981). A key to the species was presented by Kumirai and Jones (1990).	
13801719	Nyctinomops aurispinosus	Peale 1848	SPECIES			aurispinosus		Nyctinomops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Mammalia, in Repts. U.S. Expl. Surv. vol.8 p.21		similis  Sanborn, 1941.	Sonora and Tamaulipas (Mexico) to Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes similis; see Jones and Arroyo-Cabrales (1990).	Peale's Free-tailed Bat
13801720	Nyctinomops femorosaccus	Merriam 1889	SPECIES			femorosaccus		Nyctinomops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	N. Am. Fauna vol.2 p.23			Guerrero (Mexico) to New Mexico, Arizona, California (USA) and Baja California (Mexico).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	See Kumirai and Jones (1990).	Pocketed Free-tailed Bat
13801721	Nyctinomops laticaudatus	E. Geoffroy 1805	SPECIES			laticaudatus		Nyctinomops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.6 p.156		caecus  Rengger, 1830; espiritosantensis Ruschi, 1951 [see discussion of availability in Pine and Ruschi, 1976]; gracilis Dobson, 1876; europs H. Allen, 1889; ferruginea Goodwin, 1954; macarenensis Barriga-Bonilla, 1965; yucatanicus Miller, 1902.	Tamaulipas and Jalisco (Mexico) to Venezuela and the Guianas, NW Peru, Bolivia, N Argentina, Paraguay, and Brazil; Trinidad; Cuba.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes yucatanicus, europs, and gracilis; see Silva-Taboada and Koopman (1964), Freeman (1981), and Avila-Flores et al. (2002). Includes espiritosantensis, see Zortéa and Taddei (1995) and Avila-Flores et al. (2002). Note that the correct spelling for the specific epithet in combination with Nyctinomops is laticaudatus (not laticaudata) because the generic name is masculine. Reviewed by Avila-Flores et al. (2002).	Broad-eared Free-tailed Bat
13801722	Nyctinomops laticaudatus subsp. laticaudatus	E. Geoffroy 1805	SUBSPECIES		laticaudatus	laticaudatus		Nyctinomops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.6 p.156						
13801723	Nyctinomops laticaudatus subsp. europs	H. Allen 1889	SUBSPECIES		europs	laticaudatus		Nyctinomops	Molossidae	Chiroptera							
13801724	Nyctinomops laticaudatus subsp. ferruginea	Goodwin 1954	SUBSPECIES		ferruginea	laticaudatus		Nyctinomops	Molossidae	Chiroptera							
13801725	Nyctinomops laticaudatus subsp. macarenensis	Barriga-Bonilla 1965	SUBSPECIES		macarenensis	laticaudatus		Nyctinomops	Molossidae	Chiroptera							
13801726	Nyctinomops laticaudatus subsp. yucatanicus	Miller 1902	SUBSPECIES		yucatanicus	laticaudatus		Nyctinomops	Molossidae	Chiroptera							
13801746	Promops centralis subsp. occultus	Thomas 1915	SUBSPECIES		occultus	centralis		Promops	Molossidae	Chiroptera							
13801727	Nyctinomops macrotis	Gray 1840	SPECIES			macrotis		Nyctinomops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Nat. Hist. vol.4 p.5		aequatoralis  J. A. Allen, 1914; affinis J. A. Allen, 1900; auritus Wagner, 1843; depressus Ward, 1891; megalotis Dobson, 1876; molossa Hershkovitz, 1949 [not Pallas]; nevadensis H. Allen, 1894.	SW British Columbia and Iowa (USA) to SW Mexico; Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, and Surinam to Peru, N Argentina and Uruguay; Cuba; Jamaica; Hispaniola.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Called Tadarida molossa by Hall and Kelson (1959), but see Husson (1962). See Milner et al. (1990) and Timm and Genoways (2003).	Big Free-tailed Bat
13801728	Otomops	Thomas 1913	GENUS					Otomops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. vol.22 p.90	Nyctinomus wroughtoni Thomas, 1913.				Reviewed by Peterson et al. (1995).	
13801900	Lasiurus cinereus subsp. villosissimus	E. Geoffroy 1806	SUBSPECIES		villosissimus	cinereus	Lasiurus	Lasiurus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera						Subgenus Lasiurus, cinereus species group.	
13801729	Otomops formosus	Chasen 1939	SPECIES			formosus		Otomops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Treubia vol.17 p.186			Java.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	Reviewed by Boeadi (1990), Kitchener et al. (1992a), and Walston and Bates (2001).	Java Giant Mastiff Bat
13801730	Otomops johnstonei	Kitchener, How, and Maryanto 1992	SPECIES			johnstonei		Otomops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Rec. W. Aust. Mus. vol.15 p.730			Alor Isl (Indonesia).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	Known only from the holotype.	Johnstone's Giant Mastiff Bat
13801731	Otomops madagascariensis	Dorst 1953	SPECIES			madagascariensis		Otomops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Mém. Inst. Scient. Madagascar (A) vol.8 p.236			N, S, and W Madagascar.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Reviewed by Peterson et al. (1995).	Malagasy Giant Mastiff Bat
13801732	Otomops martiensseni	Matschie 1897	SPECIES			martiensseni		Otomops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Arch. Naturgesch. vol.63 1 p.84		icarus  Chubb, 1917.	Yemen; Djibouti and Central African Republic to Angola and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa); Ghana.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	Formerly included madagascariensis (e.g., Hayman and Hill, 1971; Koopman, 1993, 1994), but see Peterson et al. (1995). Reviewed by Al-Jumaily (1999).	Large-eared Giant Mastiff Bat
13801733	Otomops martiensseni subsp. martiensseni	Matschie 1897	SUBSPECIES		martiensseni	martiensseni		Otomops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Arch. Naturgesch. vol.63 1 p.84		&nbsp; 				
13801734	Otomops martiensseni subsp. icarus	Chubb 1917	SUBSPECIES		icarus	martiensseni		Otomops	Molossidae	Chiroptera							
13801756	Sauromys petrophilus subsp. erongensis	Roberts 1946	SUBSPECIES		erongensis	petrophilus		Sauromys	Molossidae	Chiroptera							
13801735	Otomops papuensis	Lawrence 1948	SPECIES			papuensis		Otomops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	J. Mammal. vol.29 p.413			SE New Guinea.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	Reviewed by Kitchener et al. (1992a); also see Hill (1983), Flannery (1995a), and Bonaccorso (1998).	Papuan Giant Mastiff Bat
13801736	Otomops secundus	Hayman 1952	SPECIES			secundus		Otomops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	In Laurie, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Zool. vol.1 p.314			NE New Guinea.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	Distinct from papuensis; see Kitchener et al. (1992a). Also see Hill (1983), Flannery (1995a), and Bonaccorso (1998).	Mantled Giant Mastiff Bat
13801737	Otomops wroughtoni	Thomas 1913	SPECIES			wroughtoni		Otomops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. vol.22 p.87			S and NE India, Cambodia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Critically Endangered.	Reviewed by Bates and Harrison (1997), Walston and Bates (2001), and Thabah and Bates (2002).	Wroughton's Giant Mastiff Bat
13801738	Platymops	Thomas 1906	GENUS					Platymops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.7 p.499	Platymops macmillani Thomas, 1906 (= Mormopterus setiger Peters, 1878).				Included in Mormopterus by Freeman (1981) and Koopman (1993, 1994), but see Harrison and Fleetwood (1960), Corbet and Hill (1992), and Peterson et al. (1995).	
13801739	Platymops setiger	Peters 1878	SPECIES			setiger		Platymops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1878 p.196		parkeri  Harrison and Fleetwood, 1960; macmillani Thomas, 1906; barbatogularis Harrison, 1956.	S Sudan, Ethiopia, Kenya.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc) as Mormopterus setiger.		Peters's Flat-headed Bat
13801740	Platymops setiger subsp. setiger	Peters 1878	SUBSPECIES		setiger	setiger		Platymops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1878 p.196						
13801741	Platymops setiger subsp. macmillani	Thomas 1906	SUBSPECIES		macmillani	setiger		Platymops	Molossidae	Chiroptera							
13801742	Promops	Gervais 1856	GENUS					Promops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	In Comte de Castelnau, Exped. Partes Cen. Am. Sud., Zool.(Sec. 7) vol.Vol 1 pt. 2(Mammifères) p.58	Promops ursinus Gervais, 1856 (= Molossus nasutus Spix, 1823).					
13801743	Promops centralis	Thomas 1915	SPECIES			centralis		Promops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.16 p.62		davisoni  Thomas, 1921; occultus Thomas, 1915.	Jalisco and Yucatán (Mexico) to Ecuador, Peru, W Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, N Argentina, Guianas; Trinidad.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	davisoni may actually be a subspecies of nasutus; see Genoways and Williams (1979b) and Freeman (1981). See also Ojasti and Linares (1971).	Big Crested Mastiff Bat
13801767	Tadarida australis	Gray 1839	SPECIES			australis		Tadarida	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Mag. Zool. Bot. vol.2 p.501		albidus  Leche, 1884; atratus Thomas, 1924.	S and C Australia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	australis species group. Does not include kuboriensis, although see Koopman (1982).	White-stripped Free-tailed Bat
13801747	Promops nasutus	Spix 1823	SPECIES			nasutus		Promops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Sim. Vespert. Brasil. p.58		fumarius  Spix, 1823; rufocastaneus Schinz, 1844; ursinus Gervais, 1855; ancilla Thomas, 1915; downsi Goodwin, 1962; fosteri Miller, 1907; pamana Miller, 1913.	Venezuela, Trinidad, Guyana, Surinam, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, N Argentina.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes pamana; see Goodwin and Greenhall (1962). May include davisoni; see Genoways and Williams (1979b) and Freeman (1981).	Brown Mastiff Bat
13801748	Promops nasutus subsp. nasutus	Spix 1823	SUBSPECIES		nasutus	nasutus		Promops	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Sim. Vespert. Brasil. p.58						
13801749	Promops nasutus subsp. ancilla	Thomas 1915	SUBSPECIES		ancilla	nasutus		Promops	Molossidae	Chiroptera							
13801750	Promops nasutus subsp. downsi	Goodwin 1962	SUBSPECIES		downsi	nasutus		Promops	Molossidae	Chiroptera							
13801751	Promops nasutus subsp. fosteri	Miller 1907	SUBSPECIES		fosteri	nasutus		Promops	Molossidae	Chiroptera							
13801752	Promops nasutus subsp. pamana	Miller 1913	SUBSPECIES		pamana	nasutus		Promops	Molossidae	Chiroptera							
13801753	Sauromys	Roberts 1917	GENUS					Sauromys	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Transvaal Mus. vol.6 p.5	Platymops petrophilus Roberts, 1917.				Originally described as a subgenus of Platymops. Included in Mormopterus by Freeman (1981), Legendre (1984), and Koopman (1993, 1994), but see Peterson (1965a), Corbet and Hill (1992), and Peterson et al. (1995).	
13801754	Sauromys petrophilus	Roberts 1917	SPECIES			petrophilus		Sauromys	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Transvaal Mus. vol.6 p.4		erongensis  Roberts, 1946; fitzsimonsi Roberts, 1946; haagneri Roberts, 1917; umbratus Shortridge and Carter, 1938.	South Africa, Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, perhaps Ghana.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc) as Mormopterus petrophilus.	See Jacobs and Fenton (2002).	Roberts's Flat-headed Bat
13801755	Sauromys petrophilus subsp. petrophilus	Roberts 1917	SUBSPECIES		petrophilus	petrophilus		Sauromys	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Transvaal Mus. vol.6 p.4		&nbsp; 				
13801758	Sauromys petrophilus subsp. haagneri	Roberts 1917	SUBSPECIES		haagneri	petrophilus		Sauromys	Molossidae	Chiroptera							
13801759	Sauromys petrophilus subsp. umbratus	Shortridge and Carter 1938	SUBSPECIES		umbratus	petrophilus		Sauromys	Molossidae	Chiroptera							
13801760	Tadarida	Rafinesque 1814	GENUS					Tadarida	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Precis Som. p.55	Cephalotes teniotis Rafinesque, 1814.	Austronomus  Iredale and Troughton, 1934 [nomen dubium; later validated by Troughton, 1941]; Dinops Savi, 1825; Dysops Cretzschmar, 1830-1831 [proccupied by Dysops Illiger, 1911]; Nictinomes Gray, 1821; Nyctinoma Bowdich, 1821; Nyctinomia Fleming, 1822; Rhizomops Legendre, 1984.			Formerly included Chaerephon, Mops, Mormopterus, Nyctinomops, Platymops, and Sauromys, which are here treated as distinct genera. Includes Rhizomops; see Owen et al. (1990), but also see Legendre (1984). Mahoney and Walton (1988) regarded Nyctinomus (here considered a junior synonym of Chaerephon) as an older name for this genus. Species groups follow Koopman (1994).	
13801761	Tadarida aegyptiaca	E. Geoffroy 1818	SPECIES			aegyptiaca		Tadarida	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Descrip. de L'Egypte vol.2 p.128		brunneus  Seabra, 1900; geoffroyi Temminck, 1826; talpinus Heuglin, 1877; tongaensis Wettstein, 1916; bocagei Seabra, 1900; anchietae Seabra, 1900; sindica Wroughton, 1919; thomasi Wroughton, 1919; gossei Wroughton, 1919; tragatus Dobson, 1874.	South Africa to Nigeria, Algeria, and Egypt to Saudi Arabia, Yemen and Oman, east to India and Sri Lanka, N to Afganistan.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	aegyptiaca species group. Includes tragata; see Corbet (1978c) and Freeman (1981). Reviewed in part by Harrison and Bates (1991) and Bates and Harrison (1997). For African range see Taylor (2000a).	Egyptian Free-tailed Bat
13801762	Tadarida aegyptiaca subsp. aegyptiaca	E. Geoffroy 1818	SUBSPECIES		aegyptiaca	aegyptiaca		Tadarida	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Descrip. de L'Egypte vol.2 p.128					aegyptiaca species group.	
13801763	Tadarida aegyptiaca subsp. bocagei	Seabra 1900	SUBSPECIES		bocagei	aegyptiaca		Tadarida	Molossidae	Chiroptera						aegyptiaca species group.	
13801764	Tadarida aegyptiaca subsp. sindica	Wroughton 1919	SUBSPECIES		sindica	aegyptiaca		Tadarida	Molossidae	Chiroptera						aegyptiaca species group.	
13801765	Tadarida aegyptiaca subsp. thomasi	Wroughton 1919	SUBSPECIES		thomasi	aegyptiaca		Tadarida	Molossidae	Chiroptera						aegyptiaca species group.	
13801799	Arielulus torquatus	Csorba and Lee 1999	SPECIES			torquatus		Arielulus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	J. Zool., Lond. vol.248 p.364-366			Taiwan.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Data Deficient.		Necklace Sprite
13801768	Tadarida brasiliensis	I. Geoffroy 1824	SPECIES			brasiliensis		Tadarida	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. vol.1 p.343		multispinosus  Burmeister, 1861; naso Wagner, 1840; nasutus Temminck, 1827; peruanus J. A. Allen, 1914; rugosus DOrbigny, 1837; antillularum Miller, 1902; bahamensis Rhen, 1902; constanzae Shamel, 1931; cynocephala Le Conte, 1831; fuliginosus Cooper, 1837; intermedia Shamel, 1931; mexicana Saussure, 1860; californicus H. Allen, 1894; mohavensis Merriam, 1889; texana Stager, 1942; murina Gray, 1827; muscula Gundlach, 1861.	S Brazil, Bolivia, Argentina, and Chile to Oregon, S Nebraska and Ohio (USA); Greater and Lesser Antilles.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	aegyptiaca species group. Placed in distinct genus (Rhizomops) by Legendre (1984), but see Freeman (1981) and Owen et al. (1990). See Hall (1981) and Wilkins (1989); also see Emmons (1997) for distribution map. Caribbean subspecies reviewed by Timm and Genoways (2003).	Brazilian Free-tailed Bat (known as the Mexican Free-tailed Bat in North America)
13801769	Tadarida brasiliensis subsp. brasiliensis	I. Geoffroy 1824	SUBSPECIES		brasiliensis	brasiliensis		Tadarida	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. vol.1 p.343					aegyptiaca species group.	
13801770	Tadarida brasiliensis subsp. antillularum	Miller 1902	SUBSPECIES		antillularum	brasiliensis		Tadarida	Molossidae	Chiroptera						aegyptiaca species group.	
13801771	Tadarida brasiliensis subsp. bahamensis	Rhen 1902	SUBSPECIES		bahamensis	brasiliensis		Tadarida	Molossidae	Chiroptera						aegyptiaca species group.	
13801772	Tadarida brasiliensis subsp. constanzae	Shamel 1931	SUBSPECIES		constanzae	brasiliensis		Tadarida	Molossidae	Chiroptera						aegyptiaca species group.	
13801773	Tadarida brasiliensis subsp. cynocephala	Le Conte 1831	SUBSPECIES		cynocephala	brasiliensis		Tadarida	Molossidae	Chiroptera						aegyptiaca species group.	
13801774	Tadarida brasiliensis subsp. intermedia	Shamel 1931	SUBSPECIES		intermedia	brasiliensis		Tadarida	Molossidae	Chiroptera						aegyptiaca species group.	
13801775	Tadarida brasiliensis subsp. mexicana	Saussure 1860	SUBSPECIES		mexicana	brasiliensis		Tadarida	Molossidae	Chiroptera						aegyptiaca species group.	
13801776	Tadarida brasiliensis subsp. murina	Gray 1827	SUBSPECIES		murina	brasiliensis		Tadarida	Molossidae	Chiroptera						aegyptiaca species group.	
13801777	Tadarida brasiliensis subsp. muscula	Gundlach 1861	SUBSPECIES		muscula	brasiliensis		Tadarida	Molossidae	Chiroptera						aegyptiaca species group.	
13801836	Eptesicus fuscus subsp. miradorensis	H. Allen 1866	SUBSPECIES		miradorensis	fuscus	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801778	Tadarida fulminans	Thomas 1903	SPECIES			fulminans		Tadarida	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.12 p.501		mastersoni  Roberts, 1946.	E Dem. Rep. Congo, Rwanda, Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia, Malawi, Zimbabwe, NE South Africa, Madagascar.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	teniotis species group. Reviewed by Peterson et al. (1995) and Cotterill (2001b).	Malagasy Free-tailed Bat
13801779	Tadarida fulminans subsp. fulminans	Thomas 1903	SUBSPECIES		fulminans	fulminans		Tadarida	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.12 p.501		&nbsp; 			teniotis species group.	
13801780	Tadarida fulminans subsp. mastersoni	Roberts 1946	SUBSPECIES		mastersoni	fulminans		Tadarida	Molossidae	Chiroptera						teniotis species group.	
13801781	Tadarida insignis	Blyth 1862	SPECIES			insignis		Tadarida	Molossidae	Chiroptera	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.30 p.90		chinensis  Westwood, 1874; cinerea Gubareff, 1939; coecata Thomas, 1922; septentrionalis Kishida, 1931 [nomen nudum].	Japan, Taiwan, Korea, S China.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	teniotis species group. Formerly included in teniotis, but see Yoshiyuki (1989), Yoshiyuki et al. (1989), and Funakoshi and Kunisaki (2000). Does not include latouchei; see Kock (1999a) and Funakoshi and Kunisaki (2000). Status of coecata from Yunnan (China) is somewhat unclear; see Kock (1999a), who suggested that it might represent either teniotis or insignis.	East Asian Free-tailed Bat
13801782	Tadarida kuboriensis	McKean and Calaby 1968	SPECIES			kuboriensis		Tadarida	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Mammalia vol.32 p.375			New Guinea.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	australisspecies group. Koopman (1982, 1994) treated kuboriensis as a subspecies of australis, but described character variation suggests that they represent distinct species. See Flannery (1995a) and Bonaccorso (1998).	New Guinea Mastiff Bat
13801783	Tadarida latouchei	Thomas 1920	SPECIES			latouchei		Tadarida	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.5 p.283			N. China, Thailand, Laos, Japan.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Data Deficient.	teniotis species group. Clearly distinct from teniotis and insignis; see Kock (1999a), Funakoshi and Kunisaki (2000), and Helgen and Wilson (2002).	La Touche's Free-tailed Bat
13801784	Tadarida lobata	Thomas 1891	SPECIES			lobata		Tadarida	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.7 p.303			Kenya, Zimbabwe.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	teniotis species group. Reviewed by Cotterill (2001b).	Big-eared Free-tailed Bat
13801850	Eptesicus hottentotus subsp. portavernus	Schlitter and Aggundey 1986	SUBSPECIES		portavernus	hottentotus	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801785	Tadarida teniotis	Rafinesque 1814	SPECIES			teniotis		Tadarida	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Prícis Som. p.12		cestoni  Savi, 1825; nigrogriseus Schneider, 1871; savii Schinz, 1840; rueppelli Temminck, 1826.	France, Spain, and Portugal south to Morocco and Algeria, east through Tunisia, Libya, Israel, Jordan, W Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Afghanistan to W Bengal (India), Yunnan (China), and Flores (Indonesia); Madeira (Portugal) and Canary Isls (Spain).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	teniotis species group. Revised by Aellen (1966) and Kock and Nader (1984), although both included insignis in this complex as a subspecies. Does not include insignis; see Yoshiyuki (1989), Yoshiyuki et al. (1989), and Funakoshi and Kunisaki (2000). Does not include latouchei; see Kock (1999a), Funakoshi and Kunisaki (2000), and Helgen and Wilson (2002). May include coecata from Yunnan (China), here considered a synonym of insignis; see Kock (1999). A specimen from India seems clearly referable to teniotis, see Funakoshi and Kunisaki (2000), though also see Kock (1999a). Eastern-most records reviewed by Bates and Harrison (1997) and Helgen and Wilson (2002); Middle Eastern records reviewed by Harrison and Bates (1991); Palearctic forms reviewed by Horácek et al. (2000).	European Free-tailed Bat
13801786	Tadarida teniotis subsp. teniotis	Rafinesque 1814	SUBSPECIES		teniotis	teniotis		Tadarida	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Prícis Som. p.12					teniotis species group.	
13801787	Tadarida teniotis subsp. rueppelli	Temminck 1826	SUBSPECIES		rueppelli	teniotis		Tadarida	Molossidae	Chiroptera						teniotis species group.	
13801788	Tadarida ventralis	Heuglin 1861	SPECIES			ventralis		Tadarida	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Nova. Acta. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. vol.29 8 p.4, 11		africana  Dobson, 1876.	Eritrea to South Africa.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	teniotis species group. Reviewed by Kock (1975) and Cotterill (2001b).	Giant Free-tailed Bat
13801789	Tadarida ventralis subsp. ventralis	Heuglin 1861	SUBSPECIES		ventralis	ventralis		Tadarida	Molossidae	Chiroptera	Nova. Acta. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. vol.29 8 p.4, 11		&nbsp; 			teniotis species group.	
13801790	Tadarida ventralis subsp. africana	Dobson 1876	SUBSPECIES		africana	ventralis		Tadarida	Molossidae	Chiroptera						teniotis species group.	
13801791	Vespertilionidae	Gray 1821	FAMILY						Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	London Med. Repos. vol.15 p.299					Does not include Tomopeatinae; see Barkley (1984), Sudman et al. (1994), Simmons (1998), and Simmons and Geisler (1998). Includes Antrozoinae; see discussion under that subfamily. For a phylogeny including representatives of most genera, see Volleth and Heller (1994); also see Kawai et al. (2002) on possible relationships of subfamilies.	
13801837	Eptesicus fuscus subsp. osceola	Rhoads 1902	SUBSPECIES		osceola	fuscus	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801792	Vespertilioninae	Gray 1821	SUBFAMILY						Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	London Med. Repos. vol.15 p.299		Nyctophilinae Peters, 1865.			May not be monophyletic; see Simmons (1998). Includes Nyctophilinae; see Koopman (1984a), Volleth and Tidemann (1991), and Volleth and Heller (1994). Does not include Myotinae; see Volleth and Heller (1994), Simmons (1998), and Simmons and Geisler (1998). Koopman (1994) proposed a tribal classification for the subfamily (subsequently reproduced by McKenna and Bell, 1997), but these groupings have not been supported in phylogenetic studies. Volleth and Tidemann (1991) and Volleth and Heller (1994) proposed a tribal classification based on a phylogenetic analysis of karyotypes but did not include all genera. The tribal classification adopted here follows Koopman (1994) with modifications suggested by Volleth and Tidemann (1991), Tumlinson and Douglas (1992), Frost and Timm (1992), Volleth and Heller (1994), Bogdanowicz et al. (1998), Hoofer and Van Den Bussche (2001), and Volleth et al. (2001).	
13801793	Eptesicini	Volleth and Heller 1994	TRIBE						Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Z. Zool. Syst. Evolut.-forsch vol.32 p.24					Includes Arielulus, Eptesicus, and Hesperoptenus; see Volleth and Heller (1994) and Volleth et al. (2001).	
13801794	Arielulus	Hill and Harrison 1987	GENUS					Arielulus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.52 p.250	Vespertilio circumdatus Temminck, 1840.	Thainycteris  Kock and Storch, 1996.			Named as a subgenus of Pipistrellus by Hill and Harrison (1987). Transferred to Eptesicus by Heller and Volleth (1984) and Volleth and Heller (1994), but subsequently recognized as a distinct genus by Csorba and Lee (1999). Includes Thainycteris; see Csorba and Lee (1999).	
13801795	Arielulus aureocollaris	Kock and Storch 1996	SPECIES			aureocollaris		Arielulus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Senkenberg. Biol. vol.76 (1/2) p.2			Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Data Deficient.	Originally placed in its own genus, Thainycteris, but see Csorba and Lee (1999). Also see Eger and Theberge (1999).	Collared Sprite
13801796	Arielulus circumdatus	Temminck 1840	SPECIES			circumdatus		Arielulus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Monogr. Mamm. vol.2 p.214		drungicus  Wang, 1982.	Java (Indonesia), W Malaysia, Cambodia, Thailand, Burma, NE India, Nepal, SW China.	IUCN 2003 Lower Risk (lc) as Arielulus circumdatus; IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc) as Pipistrellus circumdatus.	Heller and Volleth (1984) included this taxon in societatis, but see Hill and Francis (1984) and Corbet and Hill (1992).	Bronze Sprite
13801797	Arielulus cuprosus	Hill and Francis 1984	SPECIES			cuprosus		Arielulus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Zool. vol.47 p.312			Borneo.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.		Coppery Sprite
13801828	Eptesicus furinalis subsp. gaumeri	J. A. Allen 1897	SUBSPECIES		gaumeri	furinalis	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801798	Arielulus societatis	Hill 1972	SPECIES			societatis		Arielulus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Zool. vol.23 p.34			W Malaysia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Data Deficient.	Synonymized with circumdatus by Heller and Volleth (1984), but see Hill and Francis (1984) and Corbet and Hill (1992).	Social Sprite
13801800	Eptesicus	Rafinesque 1820	GENUS					Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Nature p.2	Eptesicus melanops Rafinesque, 1820 (= Vespertilio fuscus Beauvois, 1796).	Adelonycteris  H. Allen, 1891; Amblyotis Kolenati, 1858; Cateorus Kolenati, 1856; Cnephaeus Kaup, 1829; Noctula Bonaparte, 1837; Nyctiptenus Fitzinger, 1870; Pachyomus Gray, 1866; Pareptesicus Bianchi, 1917; Rhyneptesicus Bianchi, 1917; Rhinopterus Miller, 1906; Scabrifer G. M. Allen, 1908; Tuitatus Kishida and Mori, 1931.			Middle and South American species reviewed by W. B. Davis (1965, 1966). Indomalayan species reviewed by Corbet and Hill (1992). Definition and content discussed by Horacek and Hanák (1985-1986), Hill and Harrison (1987), Menu (1987), Heller and Volleth (1994), and Kearney et al. (2002). Does not include Vespadelus; see Kitchener et al. (1987), Volleth and Tidemann (1991), and Volleth and Heller (1994). Does not include Arielulus; see Csorba and Lee (1991). Does not include Neoromicia; see Volleth et al. (2001) and Kearney et al. (2002). Two subgenera are recognized here, Eptesicus and Rhinopterus. Some authors have recognized several subgenera from among the taxa here included in the subgenus Eptesicus (e.g., Horácek et al. [2000] used Amblyotus and Rhyneptesicus as subgenera), but I prefer to retain a more conservative usage pending a thorough revision of the genus.	
13801801	Eptesicus	Rafinesque 1820	SUBGENUS				Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Nature p.2	Eptesicus melanops Rafinesque, 1820 (= Vespertilio fuscus Beauvois, 1796).					
13801802	Rhinopterus	Miller 1906	SUBGENUS				Rhinopterus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801803	Eptesicus andinus	J. A. Allen 1914	SPECIES			andinus	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.33 p.382		chiralensis  Anthony, 1926; montosus Thomas, 1920.	Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela, Amazonian Brazil; possibly Bolivia. Also known from S Guyana (B. Lim and M. Engstrom, pers. comm.).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Eptesicus. Included in brasiliensis by Koopman (1978b, 1993, 1994) but see Davis (1966) and Simmons and Voss (1998). Does not include chiriquinus and inca contra Davis (1966); see Simmons and Voss (1998). Anderson (1997) reported specimens of both andinus and montosus from Bolivia, but these records must be considered provisional until the specimens are reexamined in light of Simmons and Voss' (1998) revised diagnoses of andinus and chiriquinus.	Little Black Serotine
13801804	Eptesicus bobrinskoi	Kuzyakin 1935	SPECIES			bobrinskoi	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscow vol.44 p.435			Kazakhstan. Records from Caucasus, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and Iran are apparently erroneous, based on juvenile nilssonii (Hanák and Horácek, 1986; Horácek et al., 2000).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Eptesicus. Revised by Hanák and Gaisler (1971); see also Hanák and Horácek (1986) and Horácek et al. (2000). Placed in the subgenus Amblyotus by Horácek et al. (2000).	Bobrinski's Serotine
13801805	Eptesicus bottae	Peters 1869	SPECIES			bottae	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1869 p.406		anatolicus  Felten, 1971; hingstoni Thomas, 1919; innesi Lataste, 1887; ognevi Bobrinskii, 1918; omanensis Harrison, 1976; taftanimontis de Roguin, 1988.	Rhodes (Greece), Turkey, Egypt, Yemen, Israel, Jordan, Iran, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, east to Mongolia, NW China, and Pakistan.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Eptesicus. Does not include sodalis; see Gaisler (1970). See also DeBlase (1971) for discussion of synonyms. Revised by Nader and Kock (1990). Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997).	Botta's Serotine
13801806	Eptesicus bottae subsp. bottae	Peters 1869	SUBSPECIES		bottae	bottae	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1869 p.406		&nbsp; 				
13801807	Eptesicus bottae subsp. anatolicus	Felten 1971	SUBSPECIES		anatolicus	bottae	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801808	Eptesicus bottae subsp. hingstoni	Thomas 1919	SUBSPECIES		hingstoni	bottae	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801809	Eptesicus bottae subsp. innesi	Lataste 1887	SUBSPECIES		innesi	bottae	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801810	Eptesicus bottae subsp. ognevi	Bobrinskii 1918	SUBSPECIES		ognevi	bottae	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801811	Eptesicus bottae subsp. omanensis	Harrison 1976	SUBSPECIES		omanensis	bottae	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801812	Eptesicus bottae subsp. taftanimontis	de Roguin 1988	SUBSPECIES		taftanimontis	bottae	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801851	Eptesicus innoxius	Gervais 1841	SPECIES			innoxius	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	In Vaillant, Voy. autour du monde...la Bonite, Zool.(Eydoux and Souleyet) vol.1 p.pl. 2		espadae  Cabrera, 1901; punicus Thomas, 1920.	NW Peru, W Ecuador, Puna Isl (Ecuador).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	Subgenus Eptesicus. Reviewed by Davis (1966).	Harmless Serotine
13801852	Eptesicus japonensis	Imaizumi 1953	SPECIES			japonensis	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Nat. Sci. Mus. Tokyo vol.33 p.91			Honshû Isl (Japan).	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Subgenus Eptesicus. Included in nilssonii by Corbet (1978c), but see Yoshiyuki (1989). See also Wallin (1969) and Rydell (1993).	Japanese Short-tailed Bat
13801813	Eptesicus brasiliensis	Desmarest 1819	SPECIES			brasiliensis	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., Nouv. ed. vol.35 p.478		arctoideus  Wagner, 1855; derasus Burmeister, 1854; ferrugineus Temminck, 1839; hilarii I. Geoffroy 1824; nitens Wagner, 1855; argentinus Thomas, 1920; arge Cope, 1889; melanopterus Jentink, 1904; thomasi Davis, 1966.	Veracruz (Mexico) south to N Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay; Trinidad and Tobago.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Eptesicus. Does not include andinus, chiriquinus, inca, or montosus; see Davis (1966) and Simmons and Voss (1998). Davis (1966) suggested that the holotype of hilarii may be referable to fuscus, but retained it in brasiliensis pending more comparisons. See Williams (1978c) for discussion of hilarii and melanopterus. Subspecies were delimited by Davis (1966), but additional specimens collected subsequently have made subspecies limits somewhat unclear.	Brazilian Brown Bat
13801814	Eptesicus brasiliensis subsp. brasiliensis	Desmarest 1819	SUBSPECIES		brasiliensis	brasiliensis	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., Nouv. ed. vol.35 p.478						
13801815	Eptesicus brasiliensis subsp. argentinus	Thomas 1920	SUBSPECIES		argentinus	brasiliensis	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801816	Eptesicus brasiliensis subsp. melanopterus	Jentink 1904	SUBSPECIES		melanopterus	brasiliensis	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801817	Eptesicus brasiliensis subsp. thomasi	Davis 1966	SUBSPECIES		thomasi	brasiliensis	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801818	Eptesicus chiriquinus	Thomas 1920	SPECIES			chiriquinus	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.5 p.362		inca  Thomas, 1920.	Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela, Guyana, French Guiana, Amazonian Brazil.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Subgenus Eptesicus. Distinct from andinus and brasiliensis; see Simmons and Voss (1998).	Chiriquinan Serotine
13801819	Eptesicus diminutus	Osgood 1915	SPECIES			diminutus	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser. vol.10 p.197		fidelis  Thomas, 1920.	Venezuela, E Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, N Argentina.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Eptesicus. Includes fidelis but does not include dorianus; see Williams (1978c).	Diminutive Serotine
13801820	Eptesicus diminutus subsp. diminutus	Osgood 1915	SUBSPECIES		diminutus	diminutus	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser. vol.10 p.197		&nbsp; 				
13801821	Eptesicus diminutus subsp. fidelis	Thomas 1920	SUBSPECIES		fidelis	diminutus	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801822	Eptesicus dimissus	Thomas 1916	SPECIES			dimissus	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	J. Fed. Malay St. Mus. vol.7 p.1			Peninsular Thailand, Nepal.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable as E. demissus (sic).	Subgenus Eptesicus. Reviewed by Myers et al. (2000). The correct spelling of this name is dimissus, not demissus; see Myers et al. (2000).	Surat Serotine
13801823	Eptesicus floweri	de Winton 1901	SPECIES			floweri	Rhinopterus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.7 p.46		lowei  Thomas, 1915.	Sudan, Mali.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Rhinopterus. Includes lowei; see Braestrup (1935). Hayman and Hill (1971) listed lowei as a distinct species but expressed serious doubts about its validity, noting almost complete overlap with floweri in size and color.	Horn-skinned Serotine
13801824	Eptesicus furinalis	d'Orbigny 1847	SPECIES			furinalis	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Voy. Am. Merid., Atlas Zool. vol.4 p.13		dorianus  Dobson, 1885; carteri Davis, 1965; findleyi Williams, 1978; gaumeri J. A. Allen, 1897; chapmani J. A. Allen, 1915.	N Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia, Brazil, and the Guianas east to Peru and north to Jalisco and Tamaulipas (Mexico).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Eptesicus. Reviewed by Williams (1978c). Apparently includes dorianus, but questions still remain about identity of the holotype; see Williams (1978c). Does not include chiralensis and montosus; see Simmons and Voss (1998).	Argentinian Brown Bat
13801825	Eptesicus furinalis subsp. furinalis	d'Orbigny 1847	SUBSPECIES		furinalis	furinalis	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Voy. Am. Merid., Atlas Zool. vol.4 p.13						
13801826	Eptesicus furinalis subsp. carteri	Davis 1965	SUBSPECIES		carteri	furinalis	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801827	Eptesicus furinalis subsp. findleyi	Williams 1978	SUBSPECIES		findleyi	furinalis	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801901	Lasiurus degelidus	Miller 1931	SPECIES			degelidus	Lasiurus	Lasiurus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	J. Mammal. vol.12 p.410			Jamaica.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Subgenus Lasiurus, borealis species group. Closely related to seminolis, but apparently distinct; see Baker et al. (1988a).	Jamaican Red Bat
13801829	Eptesicus fuscus	Beauvois 1796	SPECIES			fuscus	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Cat. Raisonne Mus. Peale Phil. p.18		arquatus  Say, 1823; carolinensis E. Geoffroy, 1806; greenii Gray, 1843 [nomen nudum]; melanops Rafinesque, 1820; phaiops Rafinesque, 1820; ursinus Temminck, 1835-1841; bahamensis Miller, 1897; bernardinus Rhoads, 1902; melanopterus Rehn, 1904 [not Jentink, 1904]; dutertreus P. Gervais, 1837; cubensis Gray, 1839; hispaniolae Miller, 1918; lynni Shamel, 1945; miradorensis H. Allen, 1866; pelliceus Thomas, 1920; osceola Rhoads, 1902; pallidus Young, 1908 [not Bobrinskii, 1929]; peninsulae Thomas, 1898; petersoni Silva Taboada, 1974; wetmorei Jackson, 1916.	S Canada to Colombia and N Brazil; Greater Antilles; Bahamas; Dominica and Barbados (Lesser Antilles); Alaska.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Eptesicus. Very similar to serotinus with which it may be conspecific according to Koopman (1993). Includes lynni; see Koopman (1989c). See Kurta and Baker (1990). Caribbean forms reviewed by Timm and Genoways (2003).	Big Brown Bat
13801830	Eptesicus fuscus subsp. fuscus	Beauvois 1796	SUBSPECIES		fuscus	fuscus	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Cat. Raisonne Mus. Peale Phil. p.18						
13801831	Eptesicus fuscus subsp. bahamensis	Miller 1897	SUBSPECIES		bahamensis	fuscus	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801832	Eptesicus fuscus subsp. bernardinus	Rhoads 1902	SUBSPECIES		bernardinus	fuscus	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801833	Eptesicus fuscus subsp. dutertreus	P. Gervais 1837	SUBSPECIES		dutertreus	fuscus	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801834	Eptesicus fuscus subsp. hispaniolae	Miller 1918	SUBSPECIES		hispaniolae	fuscus	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801835	Eptesicus fuscus subsp. lynni	Shamel 1945	SUBSPECIES		lynni	fuscus	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
14000073	Felis silvestris subsp. nesterovi	Birula 1916	SUBSPECIES		nesterovi	silvestris		Felis	Felidae	Carnivora							
13801838	Eptesicus fuscus subsp. pallidus	Young 1908	SUBSPECIES		pallidus	fuscus	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera						[not Bobrinskii, 1929]	
13801839	Eptesicus fuscus subsp. peninsulae	Thomas 1898	SUBSPECIES		peninsulae	fuscus	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801840	Eptesicus fuscus subsp. petersoni	Silva Taboada 1974	SUBSPECIES		petersoni	fuscus	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801841	Eptesicus fuscus subsp. wetmorei	Jackson 1916	SUBSPECIES		wetmorei	fuscus	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801842	Eptesicus gobiensis	Bobrinskii 1926	SPECIES			gobiensis	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Doklady Akad. Nauk SSSR A p.96		centrasiaticus  Bobrinskii, 1926; kashgaricus Bobrinskii, 1926.	Iran, N Afghanistan, Kashmir, Pakistan, and Nepal, S Russia, Mongolia. Records from Tajikistan and W China including Tibet are uncertain (Horácek et al., 2000).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Eptesicus. Sometime considered conspecific with nilssonii, but see Strelkov (1986), Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987), Yoshiyuki (1989), Corbet and Hill (1992), Bates and Harrison (1997), and Horácek et al. (2000). Placed in the subgenus Amblyotus by Horácek et al. (2000).	Gobi Big Brown Bat
13801843	Eptesicus gobiensis subsp. gobiensis	Bobrinskii 1926	SUBSPECIES		gobiensis	gobiensis	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Doklady Akad. Nauk SSSR A p.96		&nbsp; 				
13801844	Eptesicus gobiensis subsp. centrasiaticus	Bobrinskii 1926	SUBSPECIES		centrasiaticus	gobiensis	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801845	Eptesicus gobiensis subsp. kashgaricus	Bobrinskii 1926	SUBSPECIES		kashgaricus	gobiensis	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801846	Eptesicus guadeloupensis	Genoways and Baker 1975	SPECIES			guadeloupensis	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Occas. Pap. Mus. Texas Tech Univ. vol.34 p.1			Guadeloupe (Lesser Antilles).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Endangered.	Subgenus Eptesicus. Probably closely related to fuscus.	Guadeloupean Big Brown Bat
13801880	Hesperoptenus blanfordi	Dobson 1877	SPECIES			blanfordi	Milithronycteris	Hesperoptenus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.46 p.312			Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Malay Peninsula, Borneo.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Milithronycteris.	Blanford's Bat
13801847	Eptesicus hottentotus	A. Smith 1833	SPECIES			hottentotus	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	S. Afr. J. vol.2 p.59		angusticeps  Shortridge and Carter, 1938; megalurus Temminck, 1840; pallidior Shortridge, 1942; smithii Wagner, 1855; bensoni Roberts, 1946; portavernus Schlitter and Aggundey, 1986.	South Africa to Angola and Kenya.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Eptesicus. Revised by Schlitter and Aggundey (1986).	Long-tailed Serotine
13801848	Eptesicus hottentotus subsp. hottentotus	A. Smith 1833	SUBSPECIES		hottentotus	hottentotus	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	S. Afr. J. vol.2 p.59						
13801853	Eptesicus kobayashii	Mori 1928	SPECIES			kobayashii	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Zool. Mag. (Tokyo) vol.40 p.292			Korea.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Data Deficient.	Subgenus Eptesicus. Status uncertain; see Corbet (1978c) and Horácek et al. (2000). Possibly a synonym of bottae (see Koopman, 1993, 1994) or serotinus (Horácek et al., 2000). Sometimes spelled kobayashi.	Kobayashi's Serotine
13801854	Eptesicus matroka	Thomas and Schwann 1905	SPECIES			matroka	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1 p.258			E Madagascar.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Data Deficient.	Subgenus Eptesicus. Included in Neoromicia capensis by Hayman and Hill (1971) and Koopman (1993, 1994), but see Peterson et al. (1995).	Malagasy Serotine
13801855	Eptesicus nasutus	Dobson 1877	SPECIES			nasutus	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.46 2 p.311		batinensis  Harrison, 1968; matschiei Thomas, 1905; pellucens Thomas, 1906; walli Thomas, 1919.	Saudi Arabia, Oman, Yemen, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	Subgenus Eptesicus. Does not include bobrinskoi; see Harrison (1963) and Hanák and Gaisler (1971). Includes walli; see DeBlase (1980). Revised by Gaisler (1970) and DeBlase (1980); also see Harrison and Bates (1991) and Bates and Harrison (1997). Placed in the subgenus Rhyneptesicus by Horácek et al. (2000).	Sind Bat
13801856	Eptesicus nasutus subsp. nasutus	Dobson 1877	SUBSPECIES		nasutus	nasutus	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.46 2 p.311		&nbsp; 				
13801857	Eptesicus nasutus subsp. batinensis	Harrison 1968	SUBSPECIES		batinensis	nasutus	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801858	Eptesicus nasutus subsp. matschiei	Thomas 1905	SUBSPECIES		matschiei	nasutus	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801859	Eptesicus nasutus subsp. pellucens	Thomas 1906	SUBSPECIES		pellucens	nasutus	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801860	Eptesicus nilssonii	Keyserling and Blasius 1839	SPECIES			nilssonii	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Arch. Naturgesch. vol.5 1 p.315		atratus  Kolenati, 1858; borealis Nilsson 1838 [not Müller, 1776]; kuhli Nilsson 1836 [not Kuhl, 1819]; propinquus Peters, 1872; parvus Kishida, 1932.	W and E Europe to E Siberia and NW China; north beyond Arctic Circle in Scandinavia, south to Bulgaria, Iraq, the Elburz Mtns (N Iran), The Pamirs and W China (not Tibet); Korea; Hokkaido (Japan); Sakhalin Isl (Russia).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Eptesicus. Includes propinquus; see Davis (1965). Revised by Wallin (1969). Does not include japonensis; see Yoshiyuki (1989). Does not include gobiensis; see Strelkov (1986), Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987), and Corbet and Hill (1992). See Rydell (1993), but note that he included japonensis in this species. Closely related to serotinus and possibly paraphyletic with respect to that species; see Mayer and von Helversen (2001a). Specific epithet has often been spelled nilssoni, but the correct spelling is nilssonii. Placed in the subgenus Amblyotus by Horácek et al. (2000).	Northern Bat
13801861	Eptesicus nilssonii subsp. nilssonii	Keyserling and Blasius 1839	SUBSPECIES		nilssonii	nilssonii	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Arch. Naturgesch. vol.5 1 p.315						
13801862	Eptesicus nilssonii subsp. parvus	Kishida 1932	SUBSPECIES		parvus	nilssonii	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13800395	Boneia	Jentink 1879	SUBGENUS				Boneia	Rousettus	Pteropodidae	Chiroptera							
13801863	Eptesicus pachyotis	Dobson 1871	SPECIES			pachyotis	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal p.211			Bangladesh, NE India, Tibet (China), N Burma, N Thailand.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Eptesicus. Reviewed by Bates and Harrison (1997). Placed in the subgenus Amblyotus by Pavlinov et al. (1995b).	Thick-eared Bat
13801864	Eptesicus platyops	Thomas 1901	SPECIES			platyops	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.8 p.31			Nigeria, Senegal, Bioko (Equatorial Guinea).	IUCN 2003 IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	Subgenus Eptesicus. Considered a subspecies of serotinus by Ibáñez and Valverde (1985), but no comparison with bottae was made. Also see Hayman and Hill (1971), who treated platyops as a distinct species based on morphological differences.	Lagos Serotine
13801881	Hesperoptenus doriae	Peters 1868	SPECIES			doriae	Hesperoptenus	Hesperoptenus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1868 p.626			Borneo, Malay Peninsula.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Endangered.	Subgenus Hesperoptenus.	False Serotine Bat
13801883	Hesperoptenus tickelli	Blyth 1851	SPECIES			tickelli	Milithronycteris	Hesperoptenus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.20 p.157		isabellinus  Horsfield, 1851; isabellinus Kelaart, 1850 [nomen nudum].	India (including Andaman Isls), Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, Burma, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, perhaps SW China.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Milithronycteris. Reviewed by Bates and Harrison (1997) and Hendrichsen et al. (2001b).	Tickell's Bat
13801884	Hesperoptenus tomesi	Thomas 1905	SPECIES			tomesi	Milithronycteris	Hesperoptenus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.16 p.575			Borneo, Malay Peninsula.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Milithronycteris.	Large False Serotine
13801885	Lasiurini	Tate 1942	TRIBE						Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.80 p.290					Includes only Lasiurus.	
13802058	Pipistrellus ceylonicus subsp. indicus	Dobson 1878	SUBSPECIES		indicus	ceylonicus	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801865	Eptesicus serotinus	Schreber 1774	SPECIES			serotinus	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Die Säugethiere vol.1 p.167		incisivus  Crespon, 1844; insularis Cabrera, 1904; intermedius Ognev, 1927; mirza de Filippi, 1865; okenii Brehm, 1827; rufescens Koch, 1865; serotine Müller, 1776; sodalis Barrett-Hamilton, 1910; transsylvanus Daday, 1885; typus Koch, 1865; wiedii Brehm, 1827; andersoni Dobson, 1871; boscai Cabrera, 1904; meridionalis Dal Piaz, 1926; horikawai Kishida, 1924; isabellinus Temminck, 1840; pachyomus Tomes, 1857; pallens Miller, 1911; brachydigitatus Mori, 1928; pallidus Bobrinskii, 1929 [not Young, 1908]; pashtonus Gaisler, 1970; shirazensis Dobson, 1871; turcomanus Eversmann, 1840; albescens Karelin, 1875 [nomen nudum]. <u>Not allocated to subspecies</u>: gabonensis Trouessart, 1897 [see discussion in Hayman and Hill, 1971].	W Europe through Turkey and S Asiatic Russia to Himalayas, Thailand and China, north to Korea; Taiwan; S England; N Africa; most islands in Mediterranean. Koopman (1993) listed "perhaps Subsaharan Africa" under his account of the range of this species, but there are no known records from that region (M. Happold, pers. comm.)	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Eptesicus. Revised by Gaisler (1970), who noted that shiraziensis may be synonymous with turcomanicus. Includes sodalis; see Gaisler (1970) and Corbet (1978c). Includes horikawai; see Jones (1975). See additional comments under fuscus and platyops. Reviewed in part by Harrison and Bates (1991), Bates and Harrison (1997), Horácek et al. (2000), and Baagøe (2001c).	Common Serotine
13801866	Eptesicus serotinus subsp. serotinus	Schreber 1774	SUBSPECIES		serotinus	serotinus	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Die Säugethiere vol.1 p.167						
13801867	Eptesicus serotinus subsp. andersoni	Dobson 1871	SUBSPECIES		andersoni	serotinus	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
14000074	Felis silvestris subsp. ocreata	Gmelin 1791	SUBSPECIES		ocreata	silvestris		Felis	Felidae	Carnivora							
13801868	Eptesicus serotinus subsp. boscai	Cabrera 1904	SUBSPECIES		boscai	serotinus	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801869	Eptesicus serotinus subsp. horikawai	Kishida 1924	SUBSPECIES		horikawai	serotinus	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801870	Eptesicus serotinus subsp. isabellinus	Temminck 1840	SUBSPECIES		isabellinus	serotinus	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801871	Eptesicus serotinus subsp. pachyomus	Tomes 1857	SUBSPECIES		pachyomus	serotinus	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801872	Eptesicus serotinus subsp. pallens	Miller 1911	SUBSPECIES		pallens	serotinus	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801873	Eptesicus serotinus subsp. pashtonus	Gaisler 1970	SUBSPECIES		pashtonus	serotinus	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801874	Eptesicus serotinus subsp. shirazensis	Dobson 1871	SUBSPECIES		shirazensis	serotinus	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801875	Eptesicus serotinus subsp. turcomanus	Eversmann 1840	SUBSPECIES		turcomanus	serotinus	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801876	Eptesicus tatei	Ellerman and Morrison-Scott 1951	SPECIES			tatei	Eptesicus	Eptesicus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Checklist Palaearctic Indian Mammals p.158		atratus  Blyth, 1863 [not Kolenati, 1858].	NE India.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Data Deficient.	Subgenus Eptesicus. Corbet and Hill (1992) noted that this species is known only from the holotype, but see Agrawal et al. (1992), who reported additional specimens.	Sombre Bat
13801877	Hesperoptenus	Peters 1868	GENUS					Hesperoptenus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1868 p.626	Vesperus (Hesperoptenus) doriae Peters, 1868.	Milithronycteris  Hill, 1976.			Revised by Hill (1976); Indomalayan species reviewed by Corbet and Hill (1992) and Bates and Harrison (1997). Two subgenera are recognized, Hesperoptenus and Milithronycteris.	
13801878	Hesperoptenus	Peters 1868	SUBGENUS				Hesperoptenus	Hesperoptenus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1868 p.626	Vesperus (Hesperoptenus) doriae Peters, 1868.					
13801879	Milithronycteris	Hill 1976	SUBGENUS				Milithronycteris	Hesperoptenus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801927	Nycticeius humeralis subsp. humeralis	Rafinesque 1818	SUBSPECIES		humeralis	humeralis		Nycticeius	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Am. Mon. Mag. vol.3 6 p.445						
13801882	Hesperoptenus gaskelli	Hill 1983	SPECIES			gaskelli	Milithronycteris	Hesperoptenus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Zool. vol.45 p.169			Sulawesi (known only from the type locality).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	Subgenus Milithronycteris.	Gaskell's False Serotine
13801898	Lasiurus cinereus subsp. cinereus	Palisot de Beauvois 1796	SUBSPECIES		cinereus	cinereus	Lasiurus	Lasiurus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Cat. Raisonne Mus. Peale Phil. p.18					Subgenus Lasiurus, cinereus species group.	
13801899	Lasiurus cinereus subsp. semotus	H. Allen 1890	SUBSPECIES		semotus	cinereus	Lasiurus	Lasiurus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera						Subgenus Lasiurus, cinereus species group.	
13801886	Lasiurus	Gray 1831	GENUS					Lasiurus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Zool. Misc. vol.1 p.38	Vespertilio borealis Müller, 1776.	Atalapha  Peters, 1871 [not Rafinesque, 1814]; Dasypterus H. Allen, 1894; Nycteris Borkhausen, 1797 [not Cuvier and Geoffroy, 1795].			Treated under the name Nycteris by Hall (1981). In Opinion 111 of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1929b), Lasiurus was adopted rather than Nycteris. Atalapha was used for this genus until the early 20th century, when application of the name to bats now included in Lasiurus was shown to date from Peters, not Rafinesque (Hall and Jones, 1961). Includes Dasypterus; see Hall and Jones (1961). Two subgenera are recognized, Lasiurus and Dasypterus. Keys to the genus were presented by Hall and Jones (1961) and Shump and Shump (1982a); see also Handley (1996). Species groups in the subgenus Lasiurus generally follow results of Morales and Bickham (1995).	
13801887	Lasiurus	Gray 1831	SUBGENUS				Lasiurus	Lasiurus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Zool. Misc. vol.1 p.38	Vespertilio borealis Müller, 1776.					
13801888	Dasypterus	H. Allen 1894	SUBGENUS				Dasypterus	Lasiurus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801889	Lasiurus atratus	Handley 1996	SPECIES			atratus	Lasiurus	Lasiurus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.109 p.5			S and E Venezuela, Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Data Deficient.	Subgenus Lasiurus, borealis species group.	Handley's Red Bat
13801905	Lasiurus ega subsp. argentinus	Thomas 1901	SUBSPECIES		argentinus	ega	Dasypterus	Lasiurus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801906	Lasiurus ega subsp. caudatus	Tomes 1857	SUBSPECIES		caudatus	ega	Dasypterus	Lasiurus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801907	Lasiurus ega subsp. fuscatus	Thomas 1901	SUBSPECIES		fuscatus	ega	Dasypterus	Lasiurus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801890	Lasiurus blossevillii	Lesson and Garnot 1826	SPECIES			blossevillii	Lasiurus	Lasiurus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ferussacs Bull. Sci. Nat. Geol. vol.8 p.95		bonariensis  Lesson, 1826; enslenii Lima, 1926; brachyotis J. A. Allen, 1882; frantzii Peters, 1871; teliotis H. Allen, 1891; ornatus Hall, 1951.	Bolivia, N Argentina, Uruguay, and Brazil to W North America (but not E North America); Trinidad and Tobago; Galapagos (Ecuador).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Lasiurus, borealis species group. Included in borealis by Koopman (1993, 1994) but see Schmidly and Hendricks (1984), Baker et al. (1988a), and Morales and Bickham (1995). Does not include degelidus (Baker et al., 1988a) but might include minor. Does not include pfeifferi; see Morales and Bickham (1995). Includes brachyotis; see Niethammer (1964) and McCracken et al. (1997). Does not include varius; see Barquez (1987), Barquez et al. (1993), and Mares et al. (1995). Does not include salinae, see Mares et al. (1995) and Tiranti and Torres (1998), but also see Barquez and Diaz (2001).	Red Bat (known as the Western Red Bat in North America)
13801891	Lasiurus blossevillii subsp. blossevillii	Lesson and Garnot 1826	SUBSPECIES		blossevillii	blossevillii	Lasiurus	Lasiurus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ferussacs Bull. Sci. Nat. Geol. vol.8 p.95					Subgenus Lasiurus, borealis species group.	
13801892	Lasiurus blossevillii subsp. brachyotis	J. A. Allen 1882	SUBSPECIES		brachyotis	blossevillii	Lasiurus	Lasiurus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera						Subgenus Lasiurus, borealis species group.	
13801893	Lasiurus blossevillii subsp. frantzii	Peters 1871	SUBSPECIES		frantzii	blossevillii	Lasiurus	Lasiurus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera						Subgenus Lasiurus, borealis species group.	
13801894	Lasiurus blossevillii subsp. teliotis	H. Allen 1891	SUBSPECIES		teliotis	blossevillii	Lasiurus	Lasiurus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera						Subgenus Lasiurus, borealis species group.	
13801895	Lasiurus borealis	Müller 1776	SPECIES			borealis	Lasiurus	Lasiurus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Linné's Vollstand. Natursystem, Suppl. p.20		funebris Fitzinger, 1870; lasiurus Schreber, 1781; monachus Rafinesque, 1818; noveboracensis Erxleben, 1777; quebecensis Yourans, 1930; rubellus Palisot de Beauvois, 1796; rubra Ord, 1815; rufus Wardern, 1820; tesselatus Rafinesque, 1818.	E North America, Bermuda.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Lasiurus, borealis species group. Does not include blossevillii, frantzii, teliotis, and varius; see Schmidly and Hendricks (1984), Baker et al. (1988a), and Morales and Bickham (1995). Does not include degelidus (Baker et al., 1988a) but might include minor. Does not include pfeifferi; see Morales and Bickham (1995). See Shump and Shump (1982a) but note that they included blossevillii and its synonyms in borealis.	Eastern Red Bat
13801896	Lasiurus castaneus	Handley 1960	SPECIES			castaneus	Lasiurus	Lasiurus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. vol.112 p.468			Panama, Costa Rica. A record from French Guiana was subsequently reidentified as atratus (Handley, 1996).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	Subgenus Lasiurus, borealis species group.	Tacarcunan Bat
14000481	Atilax paludinosus subsp. macrodon	J. A. Allen 1924	SUBSPECIES		macrodon	paludinosus		Atilax	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
13801897	Lasiurus cinereus	Palisot de Beauvois 1796	SPECIES			cinereus	Lasiurus	Lasiurus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Cat. Raisonne Mus. Peale Phil. p.18		mexicana  Saussure, 1861; pruinosus Say, 1823; semotus H. Allen, 1890; villosissimus E. Geoffroy, 1806; brasiliensis Pira, 1905; grayi Tomes, 1857; pallescens Peters, 1871. <u>Not allocated to subspecies</u>: fossilis Hibbard, 1950 [fossil].	Colombia and Venezuela to C Chile, Bolivia, Uruguay, and C Argentina; Hawaii (USA); Guatemala and Mexico throughout the USA to S British Columbia, SE Mackenzie, Hudson Bay and S Quebec (Canada); Galapagos Isls (Ecuador); Bermuda; accidental on Cuba, Hispaniola, Iceland, and the Orkney Isls (Scotland).	U.S. ESA  Endangered as L. c. semotus. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Not Evaluated as L. c. semotus; otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Lasiurus, cinereus species group. Includes villosissimus and semotus; see Sanborn and Crespo (1957) and Morales and Bickham (1995). See Shump and Shump (1982b).	Hoary Bat
13801902	Lasiurus ebenus	Fazzolari-Corrêa 1994	SPECIES			ebenus	Lasiurus	Lasiurus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Mammalia vol.58 p.119			SE Brazil.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	Subgenus Lasiurus, borealis species group. Known only from the holotype.	Blackish Red Bat
13801903	Lasiurus ega	Gervais 1856	SPECIES			ega	Dasypterus	Lasiurus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	In F. Comte de Castelnau, Exped. Partes Cen. Am. Sud. Zool. (Sec. 7) vol.Vol. 1 pt. 2 (Mammifères) p.73		argentinus  Thomas, 1901; caudatus Tomes, 1857; fuscatus Thomas, 1901; punensis J. A. Allen, 1914; panamensis Thomas, 1901.	S Texas, E and S Mexico south to Bolivia, Argentina, Parguay, Uruguay, and Brazil; Trinidad.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Dasypterus. Does not include xanthinus, see Baker et al. (1988a) and Morales and Bickham (1995). For discussion of the ranges of ega and xanthinus see Baker and Patton (1967), Baker et al. (1971, 1988a), and Bickham (1987).	Southern Yellow Bat
13801904	Lasiurus ega subsp. ega	Gervais 1856	SUBSPECIES		ega	ega	Dasypterus	Lasiurus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	In F. Comte de Castelnau, Exped. Partes Cen. Am. Sud. Zool. (Sec. 7) vol.Vol. 1 pt. 2 (Mammifères) p.73		&nbsp; 				
13801908	Lasiurus ega subsp. panamensis	Thomas 1901	SUBSPECIES		panamensis	ega	Dasypterus	Lasiurus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801909	Lasiurus egregius	Peters 1870	SPECIES			egregius	Lasiurus	Lasiurus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1870 p.275			Brazil, French Guiana, Panama.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Lasiurus, borealis species group.	Big Red Bat
13801910	Lasiurus insularis	Hall and Jones 1961	SPECIES			insularis	Dasypterus	Lasiurus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ. vol.14 p.85			Cuba.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Subgenus Dasypterus. Named as a subspecies of intermedius, but clearly distinct; see Silva-Taboada (1976) and Morales and Bickham (1995).	Cuban Yellow Bat
13801911	Lasiurus intermedius	H. Allen 1862	SPECIES			intermedius	Dasypterus	Lasiurus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. vol.14 p.246		floridanus  Miller, 1902.	Honduras to Sinaloa (Mexico) and through Texas to Florida and New Jersey (USA); Cuba.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Dasypterus. Includes floridanus; see Hall and Jones (1961) and Morales and Bickham (1995). Does not include insularis; see Silva-Taboada (1976) and Morales and Bickham (1995). See Webster et al. (1980), but note that their account included insularis.	Northern Yellow Bat
13801912	Lasiurus intermedius subsp. intermedius	H. Allen 1862	SUBSPECIES		intermedius	intermedius	Dasypterus	Lasiurus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. vol.14 p.246		&nbsp; 				
13801913	Lasiurus intermedius subsp. floridanus	Miller 1902	SUBSPECIES		floridanus	intermedius	Dasypterus	Lasiurus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801914	Lasiurus minor	Miller 1931	SPECIES			minor	Lasiurus	Lasiurus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	J. Mammal. vol.12 p.410			Bahamas, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Subgenus Lasiurus, borealis species group. Possibly conspecific with seminolis, borealis, or blossevillii.	Minor Red Bat
13801915	Lasiurus pfeifferi	Gundlach 1861	SPECIES			pfeifferi	Lasiurus	Lasiurus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss., Berlin vol.1861 p.152			Cuba.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Subgenus Lasiurus, borealis species group. May represent a subspecies of seminolus; see Morales and Bickham (1995).	Pfeiffer's Red Bat
13801928	Nycticeius humeralis subsp. mexicanus	Davis 1944	SUBSPECIES		mexicanus	humeralis		Nycticeius	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801916	Lasiurus salinae	Thomas 1902	SPECIES			salinae	Lasiurus	Lasiurus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.9 p.238			Argentina.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Subgenus Lasiurus, borealis species group. The status of this form is unclear. Formerly considered a subspecies or synonym of borealis or blossevillii, but apparently distinct; see Mares et al. (1995) and Tiranti and Torres (1998), but also see Barquez and Diaz (2001).	Saline Red Bat
13801917	Lasiurus seminolus	Rhoads 1895	SPECIES			seminolus	Lasiurus	Lasiurus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. vol.47 p.32		peninsularis  Coues, 1896.	Florida and Texas to Oklahoma and Virginia; Pennsylvania and New York (USA); Bermuda. N Veracruz (Mexico) record unverified.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Lasiurus, borealis species group. Formerly included in borealis, but see Hall (1981), Baker et al. (1988a), and Morales and Bickham (1995). May include pfeifferi, see Morales and Bickham (1995). See Wilkins (1987a).	Seminole Bat
13802059	Pipistrellus ceylonicus subsp. raptor	Thomas 1904	SUBSPECIES		raptor	ceylonicus	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801918	Lasiurus varius	Poeppig 1835	SPECIES			varius	Lasiurus	Lasiurus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Reis. Chilie, Peru, und Amaz. vol.1 p.451		poeppigii  Lesson, 1836.	S Argentina, Chile.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Subgenus Lasiurus, borealis species group. Often listed as synonym of borealis or blossevillii, but apparently distinct; see Barquez (1987), Barquez et al. (1993), and Mares et al. (1995).	Cinnamon Red Bat
13801919	Lasiurus xanthinus	Thomas 1897	SPECIES			xanthinus	Dasypterus	Lasiurus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6 vol.20 p.544			S California, Arizona, and New Mexico south to Baja California, W and C Mexico.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Dasypterus. Often considered a subspecies of ega, but see Baker et al. (1988a) and Morales and Bickham (1995). For discussion of the ranges of ega and xanthinus see Baker and Patton (1967), Baker et al. (1971, 1988a), and Bickham (1987).	Western Yellow Bat
13801920	Nycticeiini	Gervais 1855	TRIBE						Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	In F. Comte de Castelnau, Exped. Partes Cen. Am. Sud., Zool. (Sec. 7) vol.Vol. 1 pt. 2 (Mammifères) p.71					May not be monophyletic; see Hoofer and Van Den Bussche (2001).	
13801921	Nycticeinops	Hill and Harrison 1987	GENUS					Nycticeinops	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.52 p.254	Nycticeius schlieffeni Peters, 1859.				Previously included in Nycticeius, but see Hill and Harrison (1987) and Hoofer and Van Den Bussche (2001).	
13801922	Nycticeinops schlieffeni	Peters 1859	SPECIES			schlieffeni		Nycticeinops	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1859 p.223		adovanus  Heuglin, 1877; africanus Allen, 1911; albiventer Thomas and Wroughton, 1908; australis Thomas and Wroughton, 1908; bedouin Thomas and Wroughton, 1908; cinnamomeus Wettstein, 1916; fitzsimonsi Roberts, 1932; minimus Noack, 1887.	Saudi Arabia, Yemen, and Egypt to Djibouti, Somalia, Mozambique, Mali, Botswana, South Africa, and Namibia; Mauritania and Ghana to Sudan and Tanzania.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc) as Nycticeius schlieffeni.	Includes cinnamomeus; see Koopman (1975). Several poorly defined subspecies are often recognized, but there seems little justification for separation of these taxa. Reviewed in part by Harrison and Bates (1991); see Taylor (2000a) for distribution map.	Schlieffen's Twilight Bat
13801923	Nycticeius	Rafinesque 1819	GENUS					Nycticeius	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	J. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. Arts Paris vol.88 p.417	Vespertilio humeralis Rafinesque, 1818.	Nycticea  Le Conte, 1831; Nycticejus Temminck, 1827; Nycticeus Lesson, 1827; Nycticeyx Wagler, 1830.			Does not include Scotoecus, see Hill (1974c). Does not include Scotorepens or Scoteanax; see Kitchener and Caputi (1985) and Volleth and Tidemann (1991). Does not includes Nycticeinops; see Hill and Harrison (1987) and Hoofer and Van Den Bussche (2001).	
13801924	Nycticeius aenobarbus	Temminck 1840	SPECIES			aenobarbus		Nycticeius	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Monographies de Mammalogie vol.2 p.247			Unknown; Carter and Dolan (1978) have suggested that the type and only known specimen is probably not from South America.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Listed as a synonym of Myotis albescens by many authors following Miller and Allen (1928), but clearly distinct at both the genus and species level; see Husson (1962) and Carter and Dolan (1978). The latter authors suggested that this species probably belongs with Nycticeius, but its status remains unclear. If the holotype originated in the Old World, this taxon might be referable to Scotoecus, Scotorepens, or Scoteanax.	Temmincks Mysterious Bat
13801925	Nycticeius cubanus	Gundlach 1861	SPECIES			cubanus		Nycticeius	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1861 p.150			Cuba.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Apparently distinct from humeralis; see Hall (1981), but also see Varona (1974).	Cuban Evening Bat
13801926	Nycticeius humeralis	Rafinesque 1818	SPECIES			humeralis		Nycticeius	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Am. Mon. Mag. vol.3 6 p.445		creeks  F. Cuvier, 1832; crepuscularis Le Conte, 1831; mexicanus Davis, 1944; subtropicalis Schwartz, 1951.	N Veracruz (Mexico) to Nebraska, the Great Lakes, and Pennsylvania, south to Florida and the Gulf coast (USA).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Does not include cubanus; see Hall (1981), but also see Varona (1974). See Watkins (1972).	Evening Bat
13801929	Nycticeius humeralis subsp. subtropicalis	Schwartz 1951	SUBSPECIES		subtropicalis	humeralis		Nycticeius	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801930	Rhogeessa	H. Allen 1866	GENUS					Rhogeessa	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. vol.18 p.285	Rhogeessa tumida H. Allen, 1866.	Baeodon  Miller, 1906.			Includes Baeodon, here recognized with Rhogeessa as a subgenus; see Jones et al. (1977). Revised by LaVal (1973b) and Genoways and Baker (1996). For a partial phylogeny see Hoofer and Van Den Bussche (2001); also see Baker et al. (1985).	
13801931	Rhogeessa	H. Allen 1866	SUBGENUS				Rhogeessa	Rhogeessa	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. vol.18 p.285	Rhogeessa tumida H. Allen, 1866.					
13801932	Baeodon	Miller 1906	SUBGENUS				Baeodon	Rhogeessa	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801933	Rhogeessa aeneus	Goodwin 1958	SPECIES			aeneus	Rhogeessa	Rhogeessa	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Amer. Mus. Novit. vol.1923 p.6			Yucatán (Mexico).	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Subgenus Rhogeessa. Often included in tumida but see Audet et al. (1993) and Genoways and Baker (1996).	Yucatan Yellow Bat
13801934	Rhogeessa alleni	Thomas 1892	SPECIES			alleni	Baeodon	Rhogeessa	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.10 p.477			Oaxaca to Zacatecas (Mexico).	IUCN 2003  Endangered. IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Baeodon.	Allen's Yellow Bat
13801935	Rhogeessa genowaysi	Baker 1984	SPECIES			genowaysi	Rhogeessa	Rhogeessa	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Syst. Zool. vol.33 p.178			Pacific lowlands of S Chiapas (Mexico).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	Subgenus Rhogeessa. Apparently morphologically inseparable from tumida, but with distinctive karyotype, see Baker (1984). Also see Roots and Baker (1998).	Genoways's Yellow Bat
13801936	Rhogeessa gracilis	Miller 1897	SPECIES			gracilis	Rhogeessa	Rhogeessa	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	N. Am. Fauna vol.13 p.126			Jalisco and Zacatecas to Oaxaca (Mexico).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Rhogeessa. See J. K. Jones (1977).	Slender Yellow Bat
13801937	Rhogeessa hussoni	Genoways and Baker 1996	SPECIES			hussoni	Rhogeessa	Rhogeessa	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Cont. Mammal.: a Memorial Vol. Honoring Dr. J. K. Jones, Mus. Texas Tech Univ. p.85			S Surinam, E Brazil.	IUCN 2003  not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Subgenus Rhogeessa.	Husson's Yellow Bat
14000075	Felis silvestris subsp. ornata	Gray 1832	SUBSPECIES		ornata	silvestris		Felis	Felidae	Carnivora							
13801938	Rhogeessa io	Thomas 1903	SPECIES			io	Rhogeessa	Rhogeessa	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.11 p.382		bombyx  Thomas, 1913; riparia Goodwin, 1958; velilla Thomas, 1903.	C and S Nicaragua south to N Colombia and W Ecuador; Venezuela; Trinidad and Tobago; Guyana; N and C Brazil; N Bolivia.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Subgenus Rhogeessa. Formerly included in tumida (e.g., Hall, 1981; Koopman, 1993, 1994) but see Genoways and Baker (1996).	Thomas's Yellow Bat
13801939	Rhogeessa minutilla	Miller 1897	SPECIES			minutilla	Rhogeessa	Rhogeessa	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.11 p.139			NE Colombia, coastal Venezuela (including Margarita Isl).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Rhogeessa. Listed as a subspecies of parvula by Cabrera (1958), but see LaVal (1973b) and Genoways and Baker (1996).	Tiny Yellow Bat
13801940	Rhogeessa mira	LaVal 1973	SPECIES			mira	Rhogeessa	Rhogeessa	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Occas. Pap. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas vol.19 p.26			S Michoacan (Mexico).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Endangered.	Subgenus Rhogeessa.	Least Yellow Bat
13801941	Rhogeessa parvula	H. Allen 1866	SPECIES			parvula	Rhogeessa	Rhogeessa	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. vol.18 p.285		major  Goodwin, 1958.	Oaxaca to Sonora (Mexico); Trés Marías Isls (Mexico).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Rhogeessa. For scope of this species, see LaVal (1973b) and Genoways and Baker (1996).	Little Yellow Bat
13801942	Rhogeessa tumida	H. Allen 1866	SPECIES			tumida	Rhogeessa	Rhogeessa	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. vol.18 p.286			Tamaulipas (Mexico) to N Nicaragua and NW Costa Rica.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Rhogeessa. Listed as a subspecies of parvula by Hall and Kelson (1959), but see LaVal (1973b) and Hall (1981). Does not include aeneus; see Audet et al. (1993) and Genoways and Baker (1996). Does not include io; see Genoways and Baker (1996). See Vonhof (2000).	Black-winged Little Yellow Bat
13801943	Scoteanax	Troughton 1943	GENUS					Scoteanax	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Furred Animals of Australia, 1<sup>st</sup> ed., Sydney: Angus and Robertson p.353	Oligotomus australis Iredale (ex MacGillivray), 1937 (= Nyticejus reuppellii Peters, 1866).	Oligotomus  Iredale (ex MacGillivray), 1937 [preoccupied by Oligotomus Cope, 1843].			Often included in Nycticeius, but see Kitchener and Caputi (1985).	
13801944	Scoteanax rueppellii	Peters 1866	SPECIES			rueppellii		Scoteanax	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1866 p.21		australis  Iredale (ex MacGillivray), 1937.	E Queensland and E New South Wales (Australia).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt) as Nycticeius ruppellii.	Reviewed by Kitchener and Caputi (1985).	Rüppell's Broad-nosed Bat
13801945	Scotoecus	Thomas 1901	GENUS					Scotoecus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.7 p.263	Scotophilus albofuscus Thomas, 1890.				Considered a subgenus of Nycticeius by Hayman and Hill (1971), but see Hill (1974c), who revised the genus.	
13801946	Scotoecus albigula	Thomas 1909	SPECIES			albigula		Scotoecus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.4 p.544			Angola, Zambia, Mozambique, Uganda, Kenya, Malawi, Somalia.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Formerly included in hirundo, but apparently distinct; but see Happold et al. (1987), Happold and Happold (1989), Taylor and Van der Merwe (1998), and Cotterill (2001d).	White-throated Lesser House Bat
13802056	Pipistrellus ceylonicus subsp. ceylonicus	Kelaart 1852	SUBSPECIES		ceylonicus	ceylonicus	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Prodr. Faun. Zeylanica p.22		&nbsp; 				
13801947	Scotoecus albofuscus	Thomas 1890	SPECIES			albofuscus		Scotoecus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova vol.29 p.84		woodi  Thomas, 1917.	Senegal and Gambia to Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique, Malawi, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	See discussion in Kearney and Taylor (1997).	Light-winged Lesser House Bat
13801948	Scotoecus albofuscus subsp. albofuscus	Thomas 1890	SUBSPECIES		albofuscus	albofuscus		Scotoecus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova vol.29 p.84		&nbsp; 				
13801949	Scotoecus albofuscus subsp. woodi	Thomas 1917	SUBSPECIES		woodi	albofuscus		Scotoecus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801950	Scotoecus hindei	Thomas 1901	SPECIES			hindei		Scotoecus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.7 p.264		falabae  Thomas, 1915.	Nigeria and Cameroon to S Sudan and Somalia; south to SE Dem. Rep. Congo, Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia, Mozambique, Malawi.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Formerly included in hirundo, but apparently distinct; see Happold et al. (1987), Happold and Happold (1989), Taylor and Van Der Merwe (1998), and Cotterill (2001d).	Hinde's Lesser House Bat
13801951	Scotoecus hindei subsp. hindei	Thomas 1901	SUBSPECIES		hindei	hindei		Scotoecus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.7 p.264		&nbsp; 				
13801952	Scotoecus hindei subsp. falabae	Thomas 1915	SUBSPECIES		falabae	hindei		Scotoecus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
14000076	Felis silvestris subsp. reyi	Lavauden 1929	SUBSPECIES		reyi	silvestris		Felis	Felidae	Carnivora							
13801953	Scotoecus hirundo	de Winton 1899	SPECIES			hirundo		Scotoecus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.4 p.355		artinii  de Winton, 1899.	Senegal to Ethiopia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Does not include albigula or hindei; see Happold et al. (1987), Happold and Happold (1989), and Taylor and Van der Merwe (1998); also see Happold and Happold (1997b).	Dark-winged Lesser House Bat
13801954	Scotoecus pallidus	Dobson 1876	SPECIES			pallidus		Scotoecus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Monogr. Asiat. Chiroptera, App. D p.186		noctulinus  I. Geoffroy, 1831 [see discussion in Hill (1974c)].	Pakistan, N India.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Included in Nycticeius by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951); but see Hill (1974c). Reviewed by Bates and Harrison (1997). S. noctulinus may be an earlier name for this species.	Desert Yellow Lesser House Bat
13801955	Scotomanes	Dobson 1875	GENUS					Scotomanes	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1875 p.371	Nycticejus ornatus Blyth, 1851.	Scoteinus  Dobson, 1875.			Includes Scoteinus; see Sinha and Chakraborty (1971).	
13801956	Scotomanes ornatus	Blyth 1851	SPECIES			ornatus		Scotomanes	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.20 p.511		nivicolus  Hodgson, 1855; imbrensis Thomas, 1921; sinensis Thomas, 1921. <u>Not allocated to subspecies</u>: emarginatus Dobson, 1871 [locality unknown, although thought to be from some part of India].	NE India (including Sikkim), Burma, S China, Thailand,<u> </u>Vietnam.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt) as S. ornatus; Data Deficient as S. emarginatus.	Includes emarginatus; see Corbet and Hill (1992). Included in Nycticeius by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951); but see Hill (1974c). Reviewed by Bates and Harrison (1997); also see Sinha (1999) and Hendrichsen et al. (2001b).	Harlequin Bat
13801957	Scotomanes ornatus subsp. ornatus	Blyth 1851	SUBSPECIES		ornatus	ornatus		Scotomanes	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.20 p.511						
13801958	Scotomanes ornatus subsp. imbrensis	Thomas 1921	SUBSPECIES		imbrensis	ornatus		Scotomanes	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801959	Scotomanes ornatus subsp. sinensis	Thomas 1921	SUBSPECIES		sinensis	ornatus		Scotomanes	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801960	Scotophilus	Leach 1821	GENUS					Scotophilus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol.13 p.69, 71	Scotophilus kuhlii Leach, 1821.	Pachyotus  Gray, 1831.			Includes Pachyotus; see Walker et al. (1975). African species revised by Robbins et al. (1985); also see Peterson et al. (1995).	
13801976	Scotophilus kuhlii subsp. consobrinus	Allen 1906	SUBSPECIES		consobrinus	kuhlii		Scotophilus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
14000482	Atilax paludinosus subsp. mitis	Thomas 1903	SUBSPECIES		mitis	paludinosus		Atilax	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
13801961	Scotophilus borbonicus	E. Geoffroy 1803	SPECIES			borbonicus		Scotophilus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Cat. Mamm. Mus. Nat. d'Hist. Nat. p.46			Réunion Isl (Mascarene Isls). Records from Mauritius (Mascarene Isls) are erroneous, see Cheke and Dahl (1981). Reports from Madagascar have not been confirmed; see Peterson et al. (1995).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Critically Endangered. May be extinct; see Cheke and Dahl (1981).	Hill (1980b) considered African viridis and damarensis, and possibly leucogaster, to be conspecific with borbonicus, and Koopman (1986) included viridis, damarensis, and nigritellus (but not leucogaster) in this species. However, in a comprehensive revision of the African forms Robbins et al. (1985) rejected any affinity of borbonicus sensu stricto with African mainland species. I therefore restrict usage of the name borbonicus to the Réunion Isl form, and follow Robbins et al. (1985) in using leucogaster and dinganii for the smaller mainland species.	Réunion House Bat
13801962	Scotophilus celebensis	Sody 1928	SPECIES			celebensis		Scotophilus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Natuurk. Tijdschr. Ned.-Ind. vol.88 p.90			Sulawesi (Indonesia).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Data Deficient.	May represent a subspecies of heathii, see Tate (1942a) and Sinha (1980).	Sulawesi Yellow House Bat
13801963	Scotophilus collinus	Sody 1936	SPECIES			collinus		Scotophilus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Natuurk. Tijdschr. Ned.-Ind. vol.96 p.48			Sabah, W Java, Bali, Lombok, Flores, Lembata, Timor, Semanu, and Roti Isls (Indonesia); probably also Sumba, Sawu, and Banda Isls (Indonesia).	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Formerly included in kuhlii, but see Kitchener et al. (1997b). Kitchener et al. (1997b) recognized eastern and western forms of collinus, but did not name them as subspecies.	Sody's Yellow House Bat
13801964	Scotophilus dinganii	A. Smith 1833	SPECIES			dinganii		Scotophilus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	S. Afr. Quart. J. vol.2 p.59		planirostris  Peters, 1852; colias Thomas, 1904; herero Thomas, 1906; pondoensis Roberts, 1946.	Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, and Sierra Leone east to Somalia, Djibouti, and S Yemen, and south to South Africa and Namibia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Distinct from nigrita and leucogaster; see Schlitter et al. (1980) and Robbins et al. (1985). Includes colias; see Robbins et al. (1985). Also see Koopman (1975). Many literature records of this species are in error due to taxonomic confusion surrounding these names; see Robbins et al. (1985). Subspecies are poorly defined.	Yellow-bellied House Bat
14000077	Felis silvestris subsp. rubida	Schwann 1904	SUBSPECIES		rubida	silvestris		Felis	Felidae	Carnivora							
13801965	Scotophilus dinganii subsp. dinganii	A. Smith 1833	SUBSPECIES		dinganii	dinganii		Scotophilus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	S. Afr. Quart. J. vol.2 p.59						
13801966	Scotophilus dinganii subsp. colias	Thomas 1904	SUBSPECIES		colias	dinganii		Scotophilus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801967	Scotophilus dinganii subsp. herero	Thomas 1906	SUBSPECIES		herero	dinganii		Scotophilus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801968	Scotophilus dinganii subsp. pondoensis	Roberts 1946	SUBSPECIES		pondoensis	dinganii		Scotophilus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801969	Scotophilus heathii	Horsfield 1831	SPECIES			heathii		Scotophilus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1831 p.113		belangeri  Geoffroy, 1834; luteus Blyth, 1851; flaveolus Horsfield, 1851; insularis Allen, 1906; watkinsi Sanborn, 1952.	Afghanistan to S China, including Hainan Isl, south to Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand, and Burma.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	May include celebensis; see Tate (1942a) and Sinha (1980). Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997) and Hendrichsen et al. (2001b). Populations from Vietnam have not been allocated to subspecies. Sometimes spelled heathi (e.g., Koopman, 1993).	Greater Asiatic Yellow House Bat
13801970	Scotophilus heathii subsp. heathii	Horsfield 1831	SUBSPECIES		heathii	heathii		Scotophilus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1831 p.113						
13801971	Scotophilus heathii subsp. insularis	Allen 1906	SUBSPECIES		insularis	heathii		Scotophilus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801972	Scotophilus heathii subsp. watkinsi	Sanborn 1952	SUBSPECIES		watkinsi	heathii		Scotophilus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801973	Scotophilus kuhlii	Leach 1821	SPECIES			kuhlii		Scotophilus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol.13 p.71		wroughtoni  Thomas, 1897; castaneus Horsfield, 1851; castaneus Gray, 1838 [nomen nudum]; sumatrana Gray, 1838; consobrinus Allen, 1906; swinhoei Blyth, 1860; gairdneri Kloss, 1917; panayensis Sody, 1928; solutatus Sody, 1936; temminckii Horsfield, 1824; fulvus Gray, 1843.	Bangladesh, Pakistan to Taiwan, south to Sri Lanka, Burma, Cambodia, W Malaysia, Java, Bali, Nusa Tenggara (Indonesia), southeast to Philippines and Aru Isls (Indonesia).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Often called temminckii, but see Hill and Thonglongya (1972). Does not include collinus; see Kitchener et al. (1997b). Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997) and Kitchener et al. (1997b); see also Tate (1942a). There is some confusion regarding the use of this name in S Asia, see Hendrichsen et al. (2001b).	Lesser Asiatic Yellow House Bat
13801974	Scotophilus kuhlii subsp. kuhlii	Leach 1821	SUBSPECIES		kuhlii	kuhlii		Scotophilus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol.13 p.71						
13801975	Scotophilus kuhlii subsp. castaneus	Horsfield 1851	SUBSPECIES		castaneus	kuhlii		Scotophilus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801977	Scotophilus kuhlii subsp. gairdneri	Kloss 1917	SUBSPECIES		gairdneri	kuhlii		Scotophilus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801978	Scotophilus kuhlii subsp. panayensis	Sody 1928	SUBSPECIES		panayensis	kuhlii		Scotophilus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801979	Scotophilus kuhlii subsp. solutatus	Sody 1936	SUBSPECIES		solutatus	kuhlii		Scotophilus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801980	Scotophilus kuhlii subsp. temminckii	Horsfield 1824	SUBSPECIES		temminckii	kuhlii		Scotophilus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802025	Glischropus javanus	Chasen 1939	SPECIES			javanus		Glischropus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Treubia vol.17 p.189			W Java (Indonesia).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Endangered.	May be conspecific with tylopus; see Corbet and Hill (1992), but also see Menu (1987).	Javan Thick-thumbed Bat
13801981	Scotophilus leucogaster	Cretzschmar 1830	SPECIES			leucogaster		Scotophilus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	In Rüppell, Atlas Reise Nördl. Afr., Zool. Säugeth. p.71		altilis  G. M. Allen, 1914; flavigaster Heuglin, 1861; murinoflavus Heuglin, 1861; damarensis Thomas, 1906.	Mauritania, Senegal, and Gambia to N Kenya and Ethiopia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Does not include nucella, see Robbins et al. (1985). Also see Koopman (1994). Distinct from dinganii; see Schlitter et al. (1980) and Robbins et al. (1985), but also see Koopman (1975) and Koopman et al. (1978). Includes damarensis, see Robbins et al. (1985). Many literature records of this species are in error due to taxonomic confusion surrounding the names nigrita, dinganii, leucogaster, and borbonicus; see Robbins (1978) and Robbins et al. (1985). May include serratus Heuglin, 1877, an enigmatic taxon variously referred to either Taphozous nudiventris (e.g., G. M. Allen, 1939; Koopman, 1993) or Scotophilus leucogaster (e.g., G. M. Allen, 1939; Koopman, 1975) but which may not represent either of those species.	White-bellied House Bat
13801982	Scotophilus leucogaster subsp. leucogaster	Cretzschmar 1830	SUBSPECIES		leucogaster	leucogaster		Scotophilus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	In Rüppell, Atlas Reise Nördl. Afr., Zool. Säugeth. p.71						
13801983	Scotophilus leucogaster subsp. damarensis	Thomas 1906	SUBSPECIES		damarensis	leucogaster		Scotophilus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801984	Scotophilus nigrita	Schreber 1774	SPECIES			nigrita		Scotophilus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Die Säugethiere vol.1 p.171		gigas  Dobson, 1875; alvenslebeni Dalquest, 1965.	Senegal to Sudan, E Dem. Rep. Congo, Kenya, Zimbabwe, Malawi, and Mozambique.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Reviewed by Robbins (1978) and Cotterill (1996). The identity of this species is clear and nigrita is the senior synonym of gigas. Many literature records of this species are in error due to taxonomic confusion surrounding the names nigrita, dinganii, leucogaster, and borbonicus; see Robbins (1978) and Robbins et al. (1985).	Giant House Bat
13801985	Scotophilus nigrita subsp. nigrita	Schreber 1774	SUBSPECIES		nigrita	nigrita		Scotophilus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Die Säugethiere vol.1 p.171						
13801986	Scotophilus nigrita subsp. alvenslebeni	Dalquest 1965	SUBSPECIES		alvenslebeni	nigrita		Scotophilus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801987	Scotophilus nucella	Robbins 1973	SPECIES			nucella		Scotophilus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Kon. Mus. Mid. Afr., Zool. Wetensch. and Ann. Mus Roy. Afr. Centr., Sc. Zool. vol.273 p.19 (Publication has Dutch and English titles)			Côte dIvoire, Ghana, Uganda.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Sometimes considered a subspecies of leucogaster, but apparently distinct in both morphology and habitat preferences; see Koopman (1994).	Robbins's House Bat
13801988	Scotophilus nux	Thomas 1904	SPECIES			nux		Scotophilus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.13 p.208			High forest zones from Sierra Leone to Kenya.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Often treated as a subspecies of dinganii or leucogaster (or nigrita, when that name was misapplied to the former species), see G. M. Allen (1939), Rosevear (1965), and Hayman and Hill (1971), Koopman et al. (1978) and Koopman (1994). However, nux appears to be distinct from all of the above species; see Robbins et al. (1985).	Nut-colored House Bat
13801989	Scotophilus robustus	Milne-Edwards 1881	SPECIES			robustus		Scotophilus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris vol.91 p.1035			N Madagascar.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Recognized as a subspecies of nigrita (when nigrita was used for the species now called dinganii) by Hayman and Hill (1971). However, Robbins et al. (1985) considered it specifically distinct from dinganii and borbonicus. Reviewed by Peterson et al. (1995), who also considered it to be distinct.	Robust House Bat
13801990	Scotophilus viridis	Peters 1852	SPECIES			viridis		Scotophilus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Reise nach Mossambique, Säugethiere p.67		nigritellus  de Winton, 1899.	Senegal to Ethiopia south to Namibia and South Africa.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Included in leucogaster by Hayman and Hill (1971), but see Koopman (1975, 1986) and Schlitter et al. (1980). Distinct from dinganii; see Schlitter et al. (1980). Includes nigritellus but does not include damarensis, see Robbins et al. (1985). Also see comments under borbonicus.	Green House Bat
13802405	Myotis emarginatus subsp. turcomanicus	Bobrinskii 1925	SUBSPECIES		turcomanicus	emarginatus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801991	Scotophilus viridis subsp. viridis	Peters 1852	SUBSPECIES		viridis	viridis		Scotophilus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Reise nach Mossambique, Säugethiere p.67		&nbsp; 				
13801992	Scotophilus viridis subsp. nigritellus	de Winton 1899	SUBSPECIES		nigritellus	viridis		Scotophilus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801993	Scotorepens	Troughton 1943	GENUS					Scotorepens	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Furred Animals of Australia, 1st ed., Syndey: Angus and Robertson p.354	Scoteinus orion Troughton, 1937.				Often included in Nycticeius, but see Kitchener and Caputi (1985) and Volleth and Tidemann (1991). The latter authors suggested that Scotorepens may be more closely related to Vespertilionini than Nycticeiini. Revised by Kichener and Caputi (1985), who provided a key to the species. An undescribed species of Scotorepens may be present in E Australia; see Menkhorst and Knight (2001).	
13802040	Nyctalus noctula subsp. labiata	Hodgson 1835	SUBSPECIES		labiata	noctula		Nyctalus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802041	Nyctalus noctula subsp. lebanoticus	Harrison 1962	SUBSPECIES		lebanoticus	noctula		Nyctalus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13801994	Scotorepens balstoni	Thomas 1906	SPECIES			balstoni		Scotorepens	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1906 31 p.2		influatus  Thomas, 1924.	Mainland Australia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc) as Nycticeius balstoni.	Includes influatus; see Kitchener and Caputi (1985). Does not include orion and caprenus; see Kitchener and Caputi (1985), but also see Koopman (1978a) and Hall and Richards (1979).	Western Broad-nosed Bat
13801995	Scotorepens balstoni subsp. balstoni	Thomas 1906	SUBSPECIES		balstoni	balstoni		Scotorepens	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1906 31 p.2		&nbsp; 				
13801996	Scotorepens balstoni subsp. influatus	Thomas 1924	SUBSPECIES		influatus	balstoni		Scotorepens	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802027	Glischropus tylopus subsp. tylopus	Dobson 1875	SUBSPECIES		tylopus	tylopus		Glischropus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1875 p.473		&nbsp; 				
13801997	Scotorepens greyii	Gray 1842	SPECIES			greyii		Scotorepens	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Zool. Voy. H.M.S. "Erebus" and "Terror," p.pl. 20		aqeilo  Troughton, 1937; caprenus Troughton, 1937.	Western Australia (excluding the south), Northern Territory, South Australia, New South Wales, and Queensland (Australia). Records from Victoria refer to balstoni.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc) as Nycticeius greyii.	Reviewed by Kitchener and Caputi (1985).	Little Broad-nosed Bat
13801998	Scotorepens orion	Troughton 1937	SPECIES			orion		Scotorepens	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Aust. Zool. vol.8 p.211			SE Australia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Included in balstoni by Koopman (1978a, 1993, 1994) and Hall and Richards (1979), but see Kitchener and Caputi (1985).	Orion Broad-nosed Bat
13801999	Scotorepens sanborni	Troughton 1937	SPECIES			sanborni		Scotorepens	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Aust. Zool. vol.8 p.280			W Timor; SE New Guinea; NE Queensland, Northern Territory, and N Western Australia (Australia).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc) as Nycticeius sanborni.	Included in balstoni by Koopman (1978a), but see Kitchener and Caputi (1985). Reviewed by Kitchener et al. (1994c); also see Flannery (1995a, b) and Bonaccorso (1998).	Northern Broad-nosed Bat
13802000	Nyctophilini	Peters 1865	TRIBE						Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1865 p.524					Volleth and Tidemann (1991) suggested on the basis of karyotype data that Nyctophilus may belong in Vespertilionini.	
13802001	Nyctophilus	Leach 1821	GENUS					Nyctophilus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol.13 p.78	Nyctophilus geoffroyi Leach, 1821.	Lamingtona  McKean and Calaby, 1968.			Includes Lamingtona, see Hill and Koopman (1981). Australian species reviewed by Hall and Richards (1979).	
13802002	Nyctophilus arnhemensis	Johnson 1959	SPECIES			arnhemensis		Nyctophilus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.72 p.184			N Australia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).		Northern Long-eared Bat
13802003	Nyctophilus bifax	Thomas 1915	SPECIES			bifax		Nyctophilus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.15 p.496		daedalus  Thomas, 1915.	N Western Australia, N Northern Territory, coastal Queensland, NE New South Wales (Australia); Papua New Guinea.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc) as N. bifax; IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt) as N. daedalus; but N. daedalus not listed in IUCN 2003 (lapsus).	Included in gouldi by Koopman (1984c, 1993, 1994), but see Parnaby (1987, 2002a). Also see Flannery (1995a). The status of daedalus is uncertain; data presented by Parnaby (1987) suggested that it may represent a distinct species, but Bonaccoroso (1998) indicated that it may not be distinct from bifax even at the subspecies level.	Bifax Long-eared Bat
13802004	Nyctophilus bifax subsp. bifax	Thomas 1915	SUBSPECIES		bifax	bifax		Nyctophilus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.15 p.496		&nbsp; 				
13802005	Nyctophilus bifax subsp. daedalus	Thomas 1915	SUBSPECIES		daedalus	bifax		Nyctophilus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802006	Nyctophilus geoffroyi	Leach 1821	SPECIES			geoffroyi		Nyctophilus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol.13 p.78		australis  Peters, 1861; leachii Dobson, 1878; novaehollandiae Gray, 1831; pacificus Gray, 1831; geayi Troussart, 1915; unicolor Tomes, 1858; pallescens Thomas, 1913.	Australia (except NE) including Tasmania.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed in part by Kitchener et al. (1991d). The three subspecies are poorly defined.	Lesser Long-eared Bat
13802007	Nyctophilus geoffroyi subsp. geoffroyi	Leach 1821	SUBSPECIES		geoffroyi	geoffroyi		Nyctophilus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol.13 p.78						
13802008	Nyctophilus geoffroyi subsp. pacificus	Gray 1831	SUBSPECIES		pacificus	geoffroyi		Nyctophilus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802009	Nyctophilus geoffroyi subsp. pallescens	Thomas 1913	SUBSPECIES		pallescens	geoffroyi		Nyctophilus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802042	Nyctalus noctula subsp. mecklenburzevi	Kuziakin 1934	SUBSPECIES		mecklenburzevi	noctula		Nyctalus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802057	Pipistrellus ceylonicus subsp. borneanus	Hill 1963	SUBSPECIES		borneanus	ceylonicus	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802010	Nyctophilus gouldi	Tomes 1858	SPECIES			gouldi		Nyctophilus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1858 p.31			E Queensland, E New South Wales, Victoria, SE South Australia, SW Western Australia; a Tasmanian record appears to be erroneous (Koopman, 1993).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Koopman (1984c, 1993, 1994) included bifax and daedalus in this species, but see Parnaby (1987, 2002a).	Gould's Long-eared Bat
13802028	Glischropus tylopus subsp. batjanus	Marschie 1901	SUBSPECIES		batjanus	tylopus		Glischropus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802062	Pipistrellus ceylonicus subsp. tongfangensis	Wang 1966	SUBSPECIES		tongfangensis	ceylonicus	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802011	Nyctophilus heran	Kitchener, How, and Maharadatunkamsi 1991	SPECIES			heran		Nyctophilus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Rec. West. Aust. Mus. vol.15 p.100			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Endangered.	Known only from the holotype; similar to geoffroyi, to which it may be related; see Kitchener et al. (1991d) and Corbet and Hill (1992).	Sundan Long-eared Bat
13802012	Nyctophilus howensis	McKean 1975	SPECIES			howensis		Nyctophilus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Aust. Mammalogy vol.1 p.330			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Extinct.	Known only from the holotype, a fossil found in a cave on Lord Howe Isl. McKean (1975) suggested that this species may have survived into historic times on the basis of Etheridge's (1889) statement that a bat larger than Chalinolobus morio was occasionally seen on the island.	Lord Howe Island Long-eared Bat
13802013	Nyctophilus microdon	Laurie and Hill 1954	SPECIES			microdon		Nyctophilus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	List of Land Mammals of New Guinea, Celebes, and adjacent Islands p.78			EC Papua New Guinea.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	See Flannery (1995a) and Bonaccorso (1998).	Small-toothed Long-eared Bat
13802014	Nyctophilus microtis	Thomas 1888	SPECIES			microtis		Nyctophilus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.2 p.226		bicolor  Thomas, 1915; lophorhina McKean and Calaby, 1968.	Papua New Guinea including New Ireland.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes lophorhina; see Hill and Koopman (1981). Hill and Koopman (1981) tentatively recognized the three named forms as subspecies, but Koopman (1994) rejected this arrangement and did not recognize subspecies. See Flannery (1995a, b) and Bonaccorso (1998).	New Guinea Long-eared Bat
13802015	Nyctophilus nebulosus	Parnaby 2002	SPECIES			nebulosus		Nyctophilus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Aust. Mammal. vol.23 p.116			Known only from Nouméa area of New Caledonia.	Not yet assessed by IUCN, but Parnaby (2000b) recommended that this species be classified in the IUCN threat category of Vulnerable (B1ab+2ab, D2).	In addition to the original description by Parnaby (2002a), see Flannery (1995b), who discussed this species under its common name.	New Caledonian Long-eared Bat
13802016	Nyctophilus timoriensis	E. Geoffroy 1806	SPECIES			timoriensis		Nyctophilus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.8 p.200		major  Gray, 1844; sherrini Thomas, 1915.	All of Australia including Tasmania; New Guinea; Timor (Indonesia).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable as N. timoriensis; IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt) as N. sherrini; but N. sherrini not listed in IUCN 2003 (lapsus).	This bat has been confused with the smaller gouldi in coastal SE Queensland. Reviewed by Hall and Richards (1979) and Kitchener et al. (1991d). Corbet and Hill (1992) discussed the problems associated with the Timor record. See also Flannery (1995a).	Greater Long-eared Bat
13802017	Nyctophilus timoriensis subsp. timoriensis	E. Geoffroy 1806	SUBSPECIES		timoriensis	timoriensis		Nyctophilus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.8 p.200		&nbsp; 				
13802018	Nyctophilus timoriensis subsp. major	Gray 1844	SUBSPECIES		major	timoriensis		Nyctophilus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802019	Nyctophilus timoriensis subsp. sherrini	Thomas 1915	SUBSPECIES		sherrini	timoriensis		Nyctophilus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802020	Nyctophilus walkeri	Thomas 1892	SPECIES			walkeri		Nyctophilus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.9 p.405			Northern Territory and N Western Australia (Australia).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).		Pygmy Long-eared Bat
13802021	Pharotis	Thomas 1914	GENUS					Pharotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.14 p.381	Pharotis imogene Thomas, 1914.					
13802022	Pharotis imogene	Thomas 1914	SPECIES			imogene		Pharotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.14 p.382			SE New Guinea.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Critically Endangered.	See Flannery (1995a) and Bonaccorso (1998).	Thomas's Big-eared Bat
13802023	Pipistrellini	Tate 1942	TRIBE						Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.80 p.232					Includes Pipistrellus, Glischropus, Nyctalus, and Scotozous; see Volleth (1992), Volleth and Heller (1994), and Volleth et al. (2001); also see Mayer and von Helversen (2001a).	
13802024	Glischropus	Dobson 1875	GENUS					Glischropus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1875 p.472	Vesperugo tylopus Dobson, 1875.				Menu (1987) considered this genus to be a synonym of Pipistrellus, but see Corbet and Hill (1992).	
13802026	Glischropus tylopus	Dobson 1875	SPECIES			tylopus		Glischropus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1875 p.473		batjanus  Marschie, 1901.	Burma, Thailand, W Malaysia, Borneo, Palawan (Philippines), Sumatra and N Molucca Isls.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	See Corbet and Hill (1992) and Flannery (1995b).	Common Thick-thumbed Bat
13800681	Asellia tridens subsp. diluta	Anderson 1881	SUBSPECIES		diluta	tridens		Asellia	Hipposideridae	Chiroptera							
13802029	Nyctalus	Bowditch 1825	GENUS					Nyctalus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Excursions in Madeira and Porto Santo p.36, footnote	Nyctalus verrucosus Bowditch, 1825 (= Vespertilio leisleri Kuhl, 1817).	Noctulina  Gray, 1842; Panugo Kolenati, 1856; Pterygistes Kaup, 1829.			Members of Koopman's (1994) stenopterus species group are here included in Pipistrellus and Hypsugo.	
13802030	Nyctalus aviator	Thomas 1911	SPECIES			aviator		Nyctalus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.8 p.380		molossus  Temminck, 1840 [not Pallas, 1767].	Hokkaido, Shikoku, Kyushu, Tsushima, Iki (Japan); Korea; E and C China. Possibly occurs in Russian Far East, see Tiunov (1997).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Listed as a subspecies of lasiopterus by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), but see Corbet (1978c) and Yoshiyuki (1989). Reviewed by Yoshiyuki (1989).	Birdlike Noctule
13802031	Nyctalus azoreum	Thomas 1901	SPECIES			azoreum		Nyctalus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.8 p.34			Azores Isls (Portugal).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	Listed as a subspecies of leisleri by Corbet (1978c), but see Palmeirim (1991) and Horácek et al. (2000).	Azores Noctule
13802032	Nyctalus furvus	Imaizumi and Yoshiyuki 1968	SPECIES			furvus		Nyctalus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Nat. Sci. Mus. Tokyo vol.11 p.127			N Honshû Isl (Japan).	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Included in noctula by Corbet (1978c) and Corbet and Hill (1992), but see Yoshiyuki (1989).	Japanese Noctule
13802033	Nyctalus lasiopterus	Schreber 1780	SPECIES			lasiopterus		Nyctalus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	InZimmermann, Geogr. Gesch. Mensch. Vierf. Thiere vol.2 p.412		ferrugineus  Brehm, 1827; maxima Fatio, 1869; sicula Mina-Palumbo, 1868.	W Europe to Urals, Caucasus, and Balkans, Asia Minor, Iran and Ust-Urt Plateau (Kazakhstan), Morocco, Libya, possbily Algeria.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Reviewed by Corbet (1978c).	Giant Noctule
13802034	Nyctalus leisleri	Kuhl 1817	SPECIES			leisleri		Nyctalus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Die Deutschen Fledermäuse. Hanau p.14, 46		dasykarpos  Kuhl, 1819; pachygnathus Michahelles, 1839; verrucosus Bowditch, 1825; madeirae Barrett-Hamilton, 1906.	W Europe to Urals, Caucasus, and Turkey; Britain and Ireland; Sweden, S Finland, Baltic states; Madeira Isl; W Himalayas, Pakistan, E Afghanistan; NW Africa.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Includes verrucosus, see Corbet (1978c), who also included azoreum; but see Palmeirim (1991). Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997). For discussion of correct spelling (leisleri) see Bogdanowicz and Kock (1998).	Leisler's Noctule
13802035	Nyctalus leisleri subsp. leisleri	Kuhl 1817	SUBSPECIES		leisleri	leisleri		Nyctalus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Die Deutschen Fledermäuse. Hanau p.14, 46						
13802036	Nyctalus leisleri subsp. verrucosus	Bowditch 1825	SUBSPECIES		verrucosus	leisleri		Nyctalus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802051	Pipistrellus aero	Heller 1912	SPECIES			aero	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Smithson. Misc. Coll. vol.60 12 p.3			NW Kenya, perhaps Ethiopia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Data Deficient.	Subgenus Pipistrellus. The Ethiopian specimens in the British Museum are clearly kuhlii; see Hayman and Hill (1971).	Mt. Gargues Pipistrelle
13802037	Nyctalus montanus	Barrett-Hamilton 1906	SPECIES			montanus		Nyctalus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.17 p.99			E Afghanistan, Pakistan, N India, Nepal.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Listed as a subspecies of leisleri by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), but see Gaisler (1970), Corbet (1978c), Corbet and Hill (1992), and Bates and Harrison (1997).	Mountain Noctule
13802038	Nyctalus noctula	Schreber 1774	SPECIES			noctula		Nyctalus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Die Säugethiere vol.1 p.166		altivolans  White, 1789; lardarius Müller, 1776; magnus Berkenhout, 1789; major Leach, 1818; minima Fatio, 1869; palustris Crespon, 1844; princeps Ognev and Worobyev, 1923; proterus Kuhl, 1818; rufescens Brehm, 1829; labiata Hodgson, 1835; lebanoticus Harrison, 1962; mecklenburzevi Kuziakin, 1934; montanus Kishida, 1934 [not Barrett-Hamilton, 1906]. <u>Not allocated to subspecies:</u> macuanus Peters, 1852 [type locality = Mozambique, but this provenance is dubious; Koopman, 1994].	Europe and S Scandinavia to Urals and Caucasus; Turkey to Israel and Oman; W Turkmenistan, W Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan to SW Siberia, Himalayas, south to Burma, Vietnam, and W Malaysia; possibly Algeria. A record from Mozambique is dubious (Koopman, 1993, 1994).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Formerly included furvus and velutinus, but these appear to be distinct; see Yoshiyuki (1989), but also see Corbet (1978c) and Corbet and Hill (1992). Does not include sinensis, which was recognized as a senior synonym of Vespertilio superans by Horácek (1997). Reviewed in part by Harrison and Bates (1991), Bates and Harrison (1997), and Horácek et al. (2000).	Noctule
13802039	Nyctalus noctula subsp. noctula	Schreber 1774	SUBSPECIES		noctula	noctula		Nyctalus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Die Säugethiere vol.1 p.166						
13802060	Pipistrellus ceylonicus subsp. shanorum	Thomas 1915	SUBSPECIES		shanorum	ceylonicus	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802061	Pipistrellus ceylonicus subsp. subcanus	Thomas 1915	SUBSPECIES		subcanus	ceylonicus	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802043	Nyctalus plancyi	Gerbe 1880	SPECIES			plancyi		Nyctalus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Soc. Zool. France vol.5 p.71		velutinus  G. M. Allen, 1923.	E China, Taiwan.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Included in noctula by Corbet (1978c) and Corbet and Hill (1992), but see Tate (1942a), Yoshiyuki (1989), Zhang (1990), and Lin et al. (2002b). This name is sometimes misspelled plancei, but the correct spelling is plancyi after M. V. Collin Plancy.	Chinese Noctule
13802044	Nyctalus plancyi subsp. plancyi	Gerbe 1880	SUBSPECIES		plancyi	plancyi		Nyctalus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Soc. Zool. France vol.5 p.71		&nbsp; 				
13802045	Nyctalus plancyi subsp. velutinus	G. M. Allen 1923	SUBSPECIES		velutinus	plancyi		Nyctalus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802046	Pipistrellus	Kaup 1829	GENUS					Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Skizz. Entwickel.-Gesch. Nat. Syst. Europ. Thierwelt vol.1 p.98	Vespertilio Pipistrellus Schreber, 1774.	Alobus  Peters, 1867 [not Le Conte, 1856]; Attalepharca Menu, 1987 [no type species designated, therefore not available]; Eptesicops Roberts, 1926; Euvesperugo Acloque, 1899; Nannugo Kolenati, 1856; Perimyotis Menu, 1984; Romicia Gray, 1838; Romicius Blyth, 1840; Vansonia Roberts, 1946.			For discussion of synonyms see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), Hill (1976), Menu (1984), and Kitchener et al. (1986). Hill and Harrison (1987) reviewed the genus and recognized seven subgenera (Pipistrellus, Hypsugo, Falsistrellus, Perimyotis, Arielulus, Vespadelus, and Neoromicia), but most of these groups are now recognized as distinct genera. Does not include Hypsugo; see Horácek and Hanák (1985-1986), Tiunov (1986), Menu (1987), Ruedi and Arlettaz (1991), Volleth and Heller (1994), Volleth et al. (2001), and Mayer and von Helversen (2001a). Does not include Glischropus; see Corbet and Hill (1992), but also see Menu (1987). Does not include Scotozous; see Corbet and Hill (1992). Does not include Vespadelus; see Volleth and Tidemann (1991) and Volleth and Heller (1994). Does not include Falsistrellus; see Kitchener et al. (1986) and Volleth and Heller (1994). Does not include Arielulus; see Heller and Volleth (1984) and Voll... [truncated]	
13802047	Pipistrellus	Kaup 1829	SUBGENUS				Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Skizz. Entwickel.-Gesch. Nat. Syst. Europ. Thierwelt vol.1 p.98	Vespertilio Pipistrellus Schreber, 1774.					
13802048	Perimyotis	Menu 1984	SUBGENUS				Perimyotis	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802049	Pipistrellus abramus	Temminck 1838	SPECIES			abramus	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Mongr. Mamm. vol.Tome 2 p.232		akokomuli  Temminck 1838; irretitus Cantor, 1842; pomiloides, Mell, 1922; pumiloides Tomes, 1857.	S Ussuri region (Russia and China), Taiwan, S and C Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Burma, India.	IUCN 2003  Not listed (lapsus); IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Pipistrellus. Often regarded as a subspecies of javanicus, but clearly separable; see Hill and Harrison (1987), Yoshiyuki (1989), Corbet and Hill (1992), and Tiunov (1997). Does not include paterculus; see Hill and Harrison (1987), Corbet and Hill (1992), Bates and Harrison (1997), Bates et al. (1997), and Hendrichsen et al. (2001b). Reviewed by Horácek et al. (2000) and Srinivasulu and Srinivasulu (2001).	Japanese Pipistrelle
13802050	Pipistrellus adamsi	Kitchener, Caputi, and Jones 1986	SPECIES			adamsi	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Rec. West. Aust. Mus. vol.12 p.463			Queensland and Northern Territory (Australia).	IUCN 2003  Not listed (lapsus); IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Pipistrellus. Included in tenuis by Koopman (1993, 1994), but see Kitchener et al. (1986).	Adams's Pipistrelle
13802078	Pipistrellus javanicus subsp. camortae	Miller 1902	SUBSPECIES		camortae	javanicus	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802052	Pipistrellus angulatus	Peters 1880	SPECIES			angulatus	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Sitz. Ges. Naturf. Freunde p.122		ponceleti  Troughton, 1936.	New Guinea; Bismarck Arch.; Bougainville Isl and Solomon Isls; adjacent small islands.	IUCN 2003  Not listed (lapsus); IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Pipistrellus. Included in tenuis by Koopman (1993, 1994), but see Kitchener et al. (1986). Also see Flannery (1995a, b) and Bonaccorso (1998).	Angulate Pipistrelle
13802053	Pipistrellus angulatus subsp. angulatus	Peters 1880	SUBSPECIES		angulatus	angulatus	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Sitz. Ges. Naturf. Freunde p.122		&nbsp; 				
13802054	Pipistrellus angulatus subsp. ponceleti	Troughton 1936	SUBSPECIES		ponceleti	angulatus	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802055	Pipistrellus ceylonicus	Kelaart 1852	SPECIES			ceylonicus	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Prodr. Faun. Zeylanica p.22		borneanus  Hill, 1963; indicus Dobson, 1878; chrysothrix Wroughton, 1899; raptor Thomas, 1904; shanorum Thomas, 1915; subcanus Thomas, 1915; tongfangensis Wang, 1966.	Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Burma, Kwangsi and Hainan (China), Vietnam, Borneo.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Pipistrellus. Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997).	Kelaart's Pipistrelle
14000136	Leptailurus serval subsp. constantinus	Forster 1780	SUBSPECIES		constantinus	serval		Leptailurus	Felidae	Carnivora							
13802063	Pipistrellus collinus	Thomas 1920	SPECIES			collinus	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.6 p.533			Highlands of Papua New Guinea.	IUCN 2003  Not listed (lapsus); IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Pipistrellus. Included in angulatus by Laurie and Hill (1954) and in tenuis by Koopman (1993, 1994), but see Kitchener et al. (1986). Also see Flannery (1995a) and Bonaccoroso (1998).	Greater Papuan Pipistrelle
13802064	Pipistrellus coromandra	Gray 1838	SPECIES			coromandra	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Mag. Zool. Bot. vol.2 p.498		afghanus  Gaisler, 1970; blythii Wagner, 1855; coromandelianus Blyth, 1863; coromandelicus Blyth, 1851; micropus Peters, 1872; nicobaricus Fitzinger, 1861; parvipes Blyth, 1853.	Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India (including Nicobar Isls), Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Burma, Cambodia, Thailand, S China.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Pipistrellus. Does not include aladdin; see Corbet (1978c). Does not include portensis and tramatus; see Corbet and Hill (1992). See comment under pipistrellus. Reviewed by Bates and Harrison (1997).	Indian Pipistrelle
13802065	Pipistrellus deserti	Thomas 1902	SPECIES			deserti	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1902 II p.4		aegyptius  J. Fischer, 1829 [nomen dubium].	Egypt, N Sudan, Libya, Algeria, Burkina Faso, Ghana.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc) as P. aegyptius.	Subgenus Pipistrellus. Qumsiyeh (1985) proposed use of aegyptius for this species and many subsequent authors followed this usage, but see Kock (1999b), who showed aegyptius to be a nomen dubium. Reviewed by Horácek et al. (2000).	Desert Pipistrelle
13802066	Pipistrellus endoi	Imaizumi 1959	SPECIES			endoi	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo vol.4 p.363			Honshu (Japan).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Endangered.	Subgenus Pipistrellus. Very similar to javanicus and abramus but apparently distinct, see Yoshiyuki (1989) and Horácek et al. (2000).	Endo's Pipistrelle
13802079	Pipistrellus javanicus subsp. meyeni	Waterhouse 1845	SUBSPECIES		meyeni	javanicus	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802080	Pipistrellus javanicus subsp. peguensis	Sinha 1969	SUBSPECIES		peguensis	javanicus	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802094	Pipistrellus pipistrellus	Schreber 1774	SPECIES			pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Die Säugethiere vol.1 p.167		brachyotos  Baillon, 1834; flavescens Koch, 1865; genei Bonaparte, 1845; griseus Gray, 1842; limbatus Koch, 1863; macropterus Jeitteles, 1862; melanopterus Schinz, 1840; minutissimus Schinz, 1840; murinus Gray, 1838; nigra de Selys Longchamps, 1839 [nomen nudum]; nigricans Bonaparte, 1845; pipistrelle Müller, 1776; pusillus Schinz, 1840; rufescens de Selys Longchamps, 1839 [nomen nudum, not rufescens Brehm, 1829]; stenotus Schinz, 1840 [not Noack, 1899, or LeConte, 1857]; typus Bonaparte, 1845; aladdin Thomas, 1905; almatensis Severtzov, 1873 [nomen nudum]; bactrianus Satunin, 1905; fulvus Korelov, 1947; kuzyakini Korelov, 1947; oxianus Bogdanov, 1882 [nomen nudum]. <u>Not allocated to subspecies</u>: lacteus Temminck, 1840 [locality unknown].	British Isles, S Denmark, and W Europe to the Volga and Caucasus; Morocco; Greece, Turkey, Israel and Lebanon to Afghanistan, Kashmir, Kazakhstan, Pakistan, Burma, Sinkiang (China). Perhaps Korea, Japan and Taiwan.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Pipistrellus. A cryptic species previously confused with pipistrellus was recently identified based on echolocation call frequency and DNA sequence divergence; this taxon has been given the name pygmaeus Leach, 1825, see Jones and van Parijs (1993), Barratt et al. (1995, 1997), Jones and Barratt (1999), Häussler et al. (2000), Russo and Jones (2000), and Sendor et al. (2002). The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (2003b) placed both pipistrellus and pygmaeus on the Official List of Specific Names in Zoology, and designated neotypes for both species to prevent future confusion of these taxa. Includes aladdin; see Corbet (1978c) and Bates and Harrison (1997). Does not include mediterraneus, which is a synonym of pygmaeus; see Jones and Barratt (1999) and Häussler et al. (2000). Some of the synonyms listed above may actually represent pygmaeus; they are retained here pending reexaminati... [truncated]	Common Pipistrelle
13802067	Pipistrellus hesperidus	Temminck 1840	SPECIES			hesperidus	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Monograph. Mammal... Musées de l'Europe vol.2 p.211		fuscatus  Thomas, 1901; subtilis Sundevall, 1846; broomi Roberts, 1948. <u>Not allocated to subspecies</u>: platycephlus Temminck, 1832 [nomen dubium].	Cape Verde Isls, Canary Isls, Liberia, Chad, Bioko (Equatorial Guinea), Nigeria, Cameroon, Dem. Rep. Congo, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana, South Africa, Madagascar.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Subgenus Pipistrellus. Distinct from kuhlii, see Kock (2001b). Lectotype designated by Kock (2001b). Chromosomal differences between populations in South Africa/Madagascar and those in N Africa strongly suggest that the southern populations (for which subtilis is apparently the oldest name) represent a distinct species (Volleth et al., 2001). Similarly, differences in ectoparasites suggest that North African and Afrotropical forms may represent different species (Kock, 2001b). It thus seems clear that more than one species is present in this complex. However, allocation of many populations is uncertain, taxonomic limits have not yet been adequately described, and holotypes of several important forms (e.g., subtilis) have not been reexamined (Kock et al., 2001b; Volleth et al., 2001). I therefore treat this complex as a single taxon, recognizing the following subspecies (which may be shown to be distinct species): hesperidus... [truncated]	Dusky Pipistrelle
13802068	Pipistrellus hesperidus subsp. hesperidus	Temminck 1840	SUBSPECIES		hesperidus	hesperidus	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Monograph. Mammal... Musées de l'Europe vol.2 p.211		&nbsp; 			See comments under species.	
13802069	Pipistrellus hesperidus subsp. fuscatus	Thomas 1901	SUBSPECIES		fuscatus	hesperidus	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera						See comments under species.	
13802070	Pipistrellus hesperidus subsp. subtilis	Sundevall 1846	SUBSPECIES		subtilis	hesperidus	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera						See comments under species.	
13802071	Pipistrellus hesperus	H. Allen 1864	SPECIES			hesperus	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Smithson. Misc. Coll. vol.7 p.43		apus  Elliot, 1904; australis Miller, 1897; merriami Dobson, 1866; maximus Hatfield, 1936; oklahomae Glass and Morse, 1959; potosinus Dalquest, 1951; santarosae Hatfield, 1936.	Washington to SW Oklahoma (USA), and Baja California, south to Hidalgo and Guerrero (Mexico).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Pipistrellus. See Hall (1981). Placed in Hypsugo by Koopman (1993), but here retained in Pipistrellus pending further study.	Western Pipistrelle
13802117	Pipistrellus tenuis subsp. mimus	Wroughton 1899	SUBSPECIES		mimus	tenuis	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802072	Pipistrellus hesperus subsp. hesperus	H. Allen 1864	SUBSPECIES		hesperus	hesperus	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Smithson. Misc. Coll. vol.7 p.43						
13802073	Pipistrellus hesperus subsp. maximus	Hatfield 1936	SUBSPECIES		maximus	hesperus	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802074	Pipistrellus inexspectatus	Aellen 1959	SPECIES			inexspectatus	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Arch. Sci. Phys. Nat. Geneve vol.12 p.226			Sierra Leone, Ghana, Benin, Cameroon, and Uganda. Specimens from Kenya and Dem. Rep. Congo previously referred to this species are now thought to represent eisentrauti; see Koopman et al. (1995). A possible record from Sudan cannot be confirmed as the specimen is too immature to identify (M. Happold, pers. comm.)	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Pipistrellus. Often misspelled inexpectatus.	Aellen's Pipistrelle
13802075	Pipistrellus javanicus	Gray 1838	SPECIES			javanicus	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Mag. Zool. Bot. vol.2 p.498		bancanus  Sody, 1937; tralatitius Horsfield, 1824 [indeterminable; see comments]; tralatitius Thomas, 1928; babu Thomas, 1915; camortae Miller, 1902; meyeni Waterhouse, 1845; peguensis Sinha, 1969.	E Afganistan, N Pakistan, N, C India, SE Tibet (China), Burma, Thailand, Vietnam, through SE Asia to Lesser Sunda Isls and the Philippines; perhaps Australia. Reports of this species from Cambodia cannot be confirmed (Kock, 2000a).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc) as P. javanicus; Data Deficient as P. peguensis.	Subgenus Pipistrellus. Includes meyeni; see Laurie and Hill (1954), Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), Hill (1967), and Koopman (1973). Includes camortae; see Soota Chaturverdi (1980) and Corbet and Hill (1992), but also see Das (1990). Includes babu and peguensis; see Corbet and Hill (1992), Kock (1996), and Bates and Harrison (1997), but also see Das (1990) and Sinha (1999). Does not include paterculus and abramus; see Hill and Harrsion (1987), Corbet and Hill (1992), Bates et al. (1997), and Hendrichsen et al. (2001b). For many years this species was known as tralatitius Horsfield, but Laurie and Hill (1954) regarded this name as indeterminable.	Javan Pipistrelle
13802076	Pipistrellus javanicus subsp. javanicus	Gray 1838	SUBSPECIES		javanicus	javanicus	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Mag. Zool. Bot. vol.2 p.498						
13802077	Pipistrellus javanicus subsp. babu	Thomas 1915	SUBSPECIES		babu	javanicus	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802452	Myotis keaysi subsp. pilosotibialis	LaVal 1973	SUBSPECIES		pilosotibialis	keaysi		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802081	Pipistrellus kuhlii	Kuhl 1817	SPECIES			kuhlii	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Die Deutschen Fledermäuse, Hanau p.14		albicans  Monticelli, 1886; albolimbatus Küster, 1835; alcythoe Bonaparte, 1837; marginatus Cretzschmar, 1830; marginatus Bonaparte, 1841 [not Cretzschmar, 1830]; minuta Loche, 1867; pallidus Heim de Balsac, 1936; pullatus Monticelli, 1886; saharae Heim de Balsac, 1936 [nomen nudum]; ursula Wagner, 1840; ikhwanius Cheesman and Hinton, 1924; latastei Laurent, 1937; lepidus Blyth, 1845; canus Blyth, 1863; leucotis Dobson, 1872; lobatus Jerdon, 1867; vispistrellus Bonaparte, 1837. <u>Not allocated to subspecies</u>: calcarata Gray, 1838 [nomen dubium; locality unknown].	C Europe, Near East through the Caucasus to Kazakhstan and Pakistan; SW Asia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Pipistrellus. Does not include African populations (here referred to hesperidus), see Kock (2001b). Canary Isls populations referred to kuhlii by Pestano et al. (2003) probably also represent hesperidus and also listed under that taxon. Reviewed in part by Harrsion and Bates (1991) and Bates and Harrison (1997). For discussion of correct spelling (kuhlii) and authorship (Kuhl not Natterer), see Bogdanowicz and Kock (1998).	Kuhl's Pipistrelle
13802082	Pipistrellus kuhlii subsp. kuhlii	Kuhl 1817	SUBSPECIES		kuhlii	kuhlii	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Die Deutschen Fledermäuse, Hanau p.14						
13802083	Pipistrellus kuhlii subsp. ikhwanius	Cheesman and Hinton 1924	SUBSPECIES		ikhwanius	kuhlii	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802084	Pipistrellus kuhlii subsp. lepidus	Blyth 1845	SUBSPECIES		lepidus	kuhlii	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802085	Pipistrellus maderensis	Dobson 1878	SPECIES			maderensis	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Cat. Chiroptera Brit. Mus. p.231			Madeira Isl (Portugal); Canary Isls (Spain).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	Subgenus Pipistrellus. Phylogeography investigated by Pestano et al. (2003).	Madeiran Pipistrelle
13802086	Pipistrellus minahassae	Meyer 1899	SPECIES			minahassae	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Abh. Zool. Anthrop.- Ethnology. Mus. Dresden vol.7 7 p.14			N Sulawesi.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Data Deficient.	Subgenus Pipistrellus. Reviewed by Tate (1942a).	Minahassa Pipistrelle
13802118	Pipistrellus tenuis subsp. murrayi	Andrews 1900	SUBSPECIES		murrayi	tenuis	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802087	Pipistrellus nanulus	Thomas 1904	SPECIES			nanulus	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.14 p.198			Sierra Leone and Côte dIvoire to Kenya; Bioko (Equatorial Guinea).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Pipistrellus.	Tiny Pipistrelle
13802088	Pipistrellus nathusii	Keyserling and Blasius 1839	SPECIES			nathusii	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Arch. Naturgesch. vol.5 1 p.320		unicolor  Fatio, 1905.	W Europe to Urals and Caucasus, and W Asia Minor; S England.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Pipistrellus.	Nathusius's Pipistrelle
13802089	Pipistrellus papuanus	Peters and Doria 1881	SPECIES			papuanus	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mus. Stor. Nat. Genova vol.16 p.696		orientalis  Meyer, 1899.	Seram, Aru Isls, Baik-Supiori, New Guinea, New Ireland (Bismarck Arch.), adjacent small islands.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Pipistrellus. Included in tenuis by many authors, but see Kitchener et al. (1986); also see Flannery (1995a, b) and Bonaccorso (1998).	Lesser Papuan Pipistrelle
13802090	Pipistrellus paterculus	Thomas 1915	SPECIES			paterculus	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. vol.24 p.32		yunnanensis  Wang, 1982.	N India, Burma, Thailand, Vietnam, SW China.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Pipistrellus. Included in abramus by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), but see Hill and Harrison (1987), Corbet and Hill (1992), Bates and Harrison (1997), and Bates et al. (1997), and Hendrichsen et al. (2001b). Also see Lunde et al. (2003a).	Mount Popa Pipistrelle
13802091	Pipistrellus paterculus subsp. paterculus	Thomas 1915	SUBSPECIES		paterculus	paterculus	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. vol.24 p.32		&nbsp; 				
13802092	Pipistrellus paterculus subsp. yunnanensis	Wang 1982	SUBSPECIES		yunnanensis	paterculus	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802093	Pipistrellus permixtus	Aellen 1957	SPECIES			permixtus	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Rev. Suisse Zool. vol.64 p.200			NE Tanzania.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Data Deficient.	Subgenus Pipistrellus.	Dar-es-Salaam Pipistrelle
13802095	Pipistrellus pipistrellus subsp. pipistrellus	Schreber 1774	SUBSPECIES		pipistrellus	pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Die Säugethiere vol.1 p.167						
13802096	Pipistrellus pipistrellus subsp. aladdin	Thomas 1905	SUBSPECIES		aladdin	pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802511	Myotis nigricans subsp. nigricans	Schinz 1821	SUBSPECIES		nigricans	nigricans		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Das Thierreich vol.1 p.179						
13802097	Pipistrellus pygmaeus	Leach 1825	SPECIES			pygmaeus	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Zool. J. vol.1 p.559		mediterraneus  Cabrera, 1904.	British Isles, S Scandinavia south to Spain, Portugal, Corsica, Sardinina, Italy, Slovenia, and Greece; east to Ukaraine and W Russia (perhaps much further east); N Algeria, Tunisia, Libya (Cyrenaica only).	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Subgenus Pipistrellus. Previously confused with pipistrellus, but clearly distinct; see Jones and van Parijs (1993), Barratt et al. (1995, 1997), Jones and Barratt (1999), Häussler et al. (2000), Russo and Jones (2000), Ziegler et al. (2001), and Sendor et al. (2002). Conspecific with mediterraneus, see Jones and Barratt (1999) and Häussler et al. (2000). von Helversen et al. (2000) supported use of the name mediterraneus rather than pygmaeus for this species, but this was rejected by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (2003b), which recently placed both pipistrellus and pygmaeus on the Official List of Specific Names in Zoology and designated neotypes for both species to prevent future confusion of these taxa. Some of the synonyms listed under pipistrellus may actually represent pygmaeus; they are retained under the former pending reexamination. See Jones (1997) and Mayer and Helversen (2001b... [truncated]	Soprano Pipistrelle
13700465	Sorex asper	Thomas 1914	SPECIES			asper	Sorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.13 p.565			Tien Shan Mountains (Kazakhstan and Sinkiang, China).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Sorex. S. tundrensis group. Karyotype has 2n = 32/33, FN = 58. Type locality discussed by Hoffmann (1987) and Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987). Does not include excelsus as suggested by Corbet (1978c); see under that species. Reviewed by Hoffmann (1987), who discussed the relationship between asper and tundrensis. Genetically, they are not closely related (Fumagalli et al., 1999).	Tien Shan Shrew
13802114	Pipistrellus subflavus subsp. veraecrucis	Ward 1891	SUBSPECIES		veraecrucis	subflavus	Perimyotis	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
14000078	Felis silvestris subsp. tristrami	Pocock 1944	SUBSPECIES		tristrami	silvestris		Felis	Felidae	Carnivora							
13802098	Pipistrellus rueppellii	J. Fischer 1829	SPECIES			rueppellii	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Synopsis Mamm. p.109		hypoleucus  Fitzinger, 1866; temminckii Cretzschmar, 1826 [not Horsfield, 1824]; coxi Thomas, 1919; fuscipes Thomas, 1913; pulcher Dobson, 1875; senegalensis Dorst, 1960; vernayi Roberts, 1932; leucomelas Monard, 1933.	Mauritania, Senegal, Algeria, Israel, Egypt, and Iraq, south to Botswana and NE South Africa; Zanzibar.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Pipistrellus. Reviewed in part by Harrison and Bates (1991). See Taylor (2000a) for distribution map. Different authors have misspelled this name in a variety of ways, dropping the first "e", second "p", second "l", or second "i". The original, correct spelling is "reuppellii".	Rüppell's Pipistrelle
13802119	Pipistrellus tenuis subsp. nitidus	Tomes 1859	SUBSPECIES		nitidus	tenuis	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802099	Pipistrellus rueppellii subsp. rueppellii	J. Fischer 1829	SUBSPECIES		rueppellii	rueppellii	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Synopsis Mamm. p.109						
13802100	Pipistrellus rueppellii subsp. coxi	Thomas 1919	SUBSPECIES		coxi	rueppellii	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802101	Pipistrellus rueppellii subsp. fuscipes	Thomas 1913	SUBSPECIES		fuscipes	rueppellii	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802102	Pipistrellus rueppellii subsp. pulcher	Dobson 1875	SUBSPECIES		pulcher	rueppellii	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802103	Pipistrellus rueppellii subsp. senegalensis	Dorst 1960	SUBSPECIES		senegalensis	rueppellii	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802104	Pipistrellus rueppellii subsp. vernayi	Roberts 1932	SUBSPECIES		vernayi	rueppellii	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802105	Pipistrellus rusticus	Tomes 1861	SPECIES			rusticus	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1861 p.35		marrensis  Thomas and Hinton, 1923.	Senegal, Gambia, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Nigeria, Central African Republic, and Ethiopia, south to Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, South Africa. A specimen from Liberia has been tentatively reidentified as kuhlii (see Koopman et al., 1995).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Pipistrellus. Includes marrensis; see Koopman (1975). Geographic range reviewed by Kock et al. (2002).	Rusty Pipistrelle
13802106	Pipistrellus rusticus subsp. rusticus	Tomes 1861	SUBSPECIES		rusticus	rusticus	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1861 p.35		&nbsp; 				
13802107	Pipistrellus rusticus subsp. marrensis	Thomas and Hinton 1923	SUBSPECIES		marrensis	rusticus	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802108	Pipistrellus stenopterus	Dobson 1875	SPECIES			stenopterus	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1875 p.470			W Malaysia, Sumatra, Riau Arch., N Borneo, Mindanao (Philippines).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Pipistrellus. Transferred from Nyctalus to Pipistrellus by Medway (1977) following Tate (1942a). Koopman (1989a, 1993) suggested that this species might best be returned to Nyctalus, but see Hill and Harrison (1987) and Corbet and Hill (1992), who instead placed it in Hypsugo. Volleth and Heller (1994) presented strong karyotypic evidence that stenopterus is a true Pipistrellus closely related to javanicus and mimus (the latter here considered a junior synonym of tenuis).	Narrow-winged Pipistrelle
13802109	Pipistrellus sturdeei	Thomas 1915	SPECIES			sturdeei	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.15 p.230			Bonin Isls (Japan).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Extinct.	Subgenus Pipistrellus. Reviewed by Yoshiyuki (1989).	Sturdee's Pipistrelle
13802146	Corynorhinus townsendii subsp. virginianus	Handley 1955	SUBSPECIES		virginianus	townsendii		Corynorhinus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802512	Myotis nigricans subsp. carteri	LaVal 1973	SUBSPECIES		carteri	nigricans		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802110	Pipistrellus subflavus	F. Cuvier 1832	SPECIES			subflavus	Perimyotis	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Nouv. Ann. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.1 p.17		erythrodactylus  Temminck, 1835-1841; monticola Audubon and Bachman, 1841; obscurus Miller, 1897; clarus Baker, 1954; floridanus Davis, 1957; veraecrucis Ward, 1891.	Nova Scotia, S Quebec (Canada), and Minnesota (USA), south to Florida (USA) and Honduras.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Perimyotis. Transferred by Menu (1984) to its own genus (Perimyotis), but see Hill and Harrison (1987). See Fujita and Kunz (1984).	Eastern Pipistrelle
13802111	Pipistrellus subflavus subsp. subflavus	F. Cuvier 1832	SUBSPECIES		subflavus	subflavus	Perimyotis	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Nouv. Ann. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.1 p.17						
13802112	Pipistrellus subflavus subsp. clarus	Baker 1954	SUBSPECIES		clarus	subflavus	Perimyotis	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802113	Pipistrellus subflavus subsp. floridanus	Davis 1957	SUBSPECIES		floridanus	subflavus	Perimyotis	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802115	Pipistrellus tenuis	Temminck 1840	SPECIES			tenuis	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Monogr. Mamm. vol.2 p.229		mimus  Wroughton, 1899; glaucillus Wroughton, 1912; principulus Thomas, 1915; murrayi Andrews, 1900; nitidus Tomes, 1859; ponceleti Troughton, 1936; portensis Allen, 1906; tramatus Thomas, 1928; sewelanus Oei, 1960; subulidens Miller, 1901.	Afghanistan to the Moluccas; S China, Laos, Vietnam; Cocos Keeling Isl and Christmas Isl (Indian Ocean).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Pipistrellus. Does not include adamsi, angulatus, collinus, orientalis, papuanus, wattsi, or westralis; see Kitchener et al. (1986), but also see Koopman (1984c, 1994) and Corbet and Hill (1992). See also Koopman (1973) and McKean and Price (1978) for discussion of synonyms. Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997) and Hendrichsen et al. (2001b). This complex may include more than one species.	Least Pipistrelle
13802116	Pipistrellus tenuis subsp. tenuis	Temminck 1840	SUBSPECIES		tenuis	tenuis	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Monogr. Mamm. vol.2 p.229		&nbsp; 				
13802120	Pipistrellus tenuis subsp. ponceleti	Troughton 1936	SUBSPECIES		ponceleti	tenuis	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802121	Pipistrellus tenuis subsp. portensis	Allen 1906	SUBSPECIES		portensis	tenuis	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802122	Pipistrellus tenuis subsp. sewelanus	Oei 1960	SUBSPECIES		sewelanus	tenuis	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802123	Pipistrellus tenuis subsp. subulidens	Miller 1901	SUBSPECIES		subulidens	tenuis	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802124	Pipistrellus wattsi	Kitchener, Caputi, and Jones 1986	SPECIES			wattsi	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Rec. West. Aust. Mus. vol.12 p.472			SE Papua New Guinea and Sanari Isl.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Pipistrellus. Included in tenuis by Koopman (1993, 1994), but see Kitchener et al. (1986). Also see Flannery (1995a, b) and Bonaccorso (1998).	Watts's Pipistrelle
13802125	Pipistrellus westralis	Koopman 1984	SPECIES			westralis	Pipistrellus	Pipistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Amer. Mus. Novit. vol.2778 p.13			N Australia from Kimberly to E Gulf of Carpentaria.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Pipistrellus. Included in tenuis by Koopman (1984c, 1993, 1994), but see Kitchener et al. (1986).	Koopman's Pipistrelle
13802126	Scotozous	Dobson 1875	GENUS					Scotozous	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1875 p.372	Scotozous dormeri Dobson, 1875.				Included in Pipistrellus by some authors (e.g., Bates and Harrison, 1997; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; Koopman, 1993, 1994; Sinha, 1999), but see Corbet and Hill (1992). Considered congeneric with Scotoecus by Menu (1987), but see Hill and Harrison (1987) and Corbet and Hill (1992). Phylogenetic relationships were discussed by Volleth and Heller (1994).	
13802127	Scotozous dormeri	Dobson 1875	SPECIES			dormeri		Scotozous	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1875 p.373		caurinus  Thomas, 1915.	India, Pakistan. A record from Taiwan is erroneous (Koopman, 1994).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc) as Pipistrellus dormeri.	Reviewed by Bates and Harrison (1997).	Dormer's Pipistrelle
13802128	Plecotini	Gray 1866	TRIBE						Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3 vol.17 p.90					Apparently includes Otonycteris; see Qumsiyeh and Bickham (1993) and Bogdanowicz et al. (1998), although also see Pine et al. (1971) and Hoofer and Van Den Bussche (2001). For phylogenies also see Tumlison and Douglas (1992) and Frost and Timm (1992). See Frost and Timm (1992) for generic diagnoses, but note that they included Idionycteris in Euderma.	
13802129	Barbastella	Gray 1821	GENUS					Barbastella	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	London Med. Repos. vol.15 p.300	Vespertilio barbastellus Schreber, 1774.	Synotus  Keyserling and Blasius, 1839.			Corbet (1978c) provided a key separating the two species.	
13802130	Barbastella barbastellus	Schreber 1774	SPECIES			barbastellus		Barbastella	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Die Säugethiere vol.1 p.168		barbastelle  Müller, 1776; communis Gray, 1838; daubentonii Bell, 1836; guanchae Trujillo, Ibáñez, and Juste, 2002.	England and W Europe to Caucasus; Bulgaria; Turkey; Crimea (Ukraine); Morocco; larger Mediterranean islands; Canary Isls; perhaps Senegal.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	Apparently does not include leucomelas, but see Qumsiyeh (1985) and Benda and Horácek (1998), who suggested that they might be conspecific (see discussion under leucomelas). Reviewed by Trujillo et al. (2002). Juste et al. (2003) discussed phylogeography of this species.	Western Barbastelle
13802131	Barbastella barbastellus subsp. barbastellus	Schreber 1774	SUBSPECIES		barbastellus	barbastellus		Barbastella	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Die Säugethiere vol.1 p.168						
13802132	Barbastella barbastellus subsp. guanchae	Trujillo, Ibáñez, and Juste 2002	SUBSPECIES		guanchae	barbastellus		Barbastella	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802150	Idionycteris phyllotis	G. M. Allen 1916	SPECIES			phyllotis		Idionycteris	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. vol.60 p.352		mexicanus  Anthony, 1923.	Distrito Federal and Michoacan (Mexico) to S Utah and S Nevada (USA).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	See Czaplewski (1983).	Allen's Big-eared Bat
13802133	Barbastella leucomelas	Cretzschmar 1826	SPECIES			leucomelas		Barbastella	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	In Ruppell, Atlas Reise Nordl. Afr., Zool. Säugeth. p.73		darjelingensis  Hodgson, 1855 [in Horsfield, 1855]; blanfordi Bianchi, 1917; caspica Satunin, 1908; dargelinensis Dobson, 1875; walteri Bianchi, 1916.	Caucasus to The Pamirs, N Iran, Afghanistan, India, Nepal, and W China; Honshu, Hokkaido (Japan); Sinai (Egypt); Eritrea; perhaps Indo-China.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed in part by De Blase (1980), Qumsiyeh (1985), Yoshiyuki (1989), Harrison and Bates (1991), and Bates and Harrison (1997). Horácek et al. (2000) suggested that the western subspecies leucomelas may be conspecific with barbastellus, but retained these as separate species pending further study. If leucomelas is conspecific with barbastellus, the oldest name for the Eastern Barbastelle (widely regarded as a distinct species) would be darjelingensis. Japanese populations may also be distinct at the subspecies or species level (Horácek et al., 2000).	Eastern Barbastelle
13802134	Barbastella leucomelas subsp. leucomelas	Cretzschmar 1826	SUBSPECIES		leucomelas	leucomelas		Barbastella	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	In Ruppell, Atlas Reise Nordl. Afr., Zool. Säugeth. p.73		&nbsp; 				
13802135	Barbastella leucomelas subsp. darjelingensis	Hodgson 1855	SUBSPECIES		darjelingensis	leucomelas		Barbastella	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	[in Horsfield, 1855]						
13802163	Plecotus austriacus subsp. ariel	Thomas 1911	SUBSPECIES		ariel	austriacus		Plecotus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802136	Corynorhinus	H. Allen 1865	GENUS					Corynorhinus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phildelphia vol.17 p.173	Plecotus macrotis Le Conte, 1831 (= Plecotus rafinesquii Lesson, 1827).				Included in Plecotus by many authors, but see Tumlinson and Douglas (1992), Frost and Timm (1992), Bogdanowicz et al. (1998), and Hoofer and Van Den Bussche (2001).	
13802137	Corynorhinus mexicanus	G. M. Allen 1916	SPECIES			mexicanus		Corynorhinus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. vol.60 p.347			Sonora and Coahuila to Michoacan Yucatán (Mexico); Cozumel Isl (Mexico).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc) as Plecotus mexicanus.	Listed as a subspecies of townsendii by Hall and Kelson (1959), but see Handley (1959b) and Hall (1981). See Tumlison (1992).	Mexican Big-eared Bat
13802138	Corynorhinus rafinesquii	Lesson 1827	SPECIES			rafinesquii		Corynorhinus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Manuel de Mammalogie p.96		megalotis  Rafinesque, 1818 [not Bechstein, 1800]; macrotis Le Conte, 1831; leconteii Cooper, 1837.	SE USA from Virginia to Missouri, south to E Texas and Florida.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable as Plecotus rafinesquii.	See C. Jones (1977).	Rafinesque's Big-eared Bat
13802139	Corynorhinus rafinesquii subsp. rafinesquii	Lesson 1827	SUBSPECIES		rafinesquii	rafinesquii		Corynorhinus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Manuel de Mammalogie p.96						
13802140	Corynorhinus rafinesquii subsp. macrotis	Le Conte 1831	SUBSPECIES		macrotis	rafinesquii		Corynorhinus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802141	Corynorhinus townsendii	Cooper 1837	SPECIES			townsendii		Corynorhinus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. vol.4 p.73		australis  Handley, 1955; ingens Handley, 1955; pallescens Miller, 1897; intermedius H. W. Grinnell, 1914; virginianus Handley, 1955.	S British Columbia (Canada) through W USA to Oaxaca (Mexico), east to Virginia.	U.S. ESA  Endangered as Plecotus ingens and Plecotus virginianus. IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable as Plecotus townsendii.	See Kunz and Martin (1982).	Townsend's Big-eared Bat
13802142	Corynorhinus townsendii subsp. townsendii	Cooper 1837	SUBSPECIES		townsendii	townsendii		Corynorhinus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. vol.4 p.73		&nbsp; 				
13802143	Corynorhinus townsendii subsp. australis	Handley 1955	SUBSPECIES		australis	townsendii		Corynorhinus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802144	Corynorhinus townsendii subsp. ingens	Handley 1955	SUBSPECIES		ingens	townsendii		Corynorhinus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802145	Corynorhinus townsendii subsp. pallescens	Miller 1897	SUBSPECIES		pallescens	townsendii		Corynorhinus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
14000483	Atilax paludinosus subsp. mordax	Thomas 1912	SUBSPECIES		mordax	paludinosus		Atilax	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
13802147	Euderma	H. Allen 1892	GENUS					Euderma	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. vol.43 p.467	Histiotus maculatus J. A. Allen, 1891.				Revised by Handley (1959b). Does not include Idionycteris; see comments under that genus.	
13802148	Euderma maculatum	J. A. Allen 1891	SPECIES			maculatum		Euderma	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.3 p.195			SW Canada and Montana (USA) to Queretaro (Mexico).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	See Watkins (1977).	Spotted Bat
13802149	Idionycteris	Anthony 1923	GENUS					Idionycteris	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.54 p.1	Idionycteris mexicanus Anthony, 1923 (= Corynorhinus phyllotis G. M. Allen, 1916).				Idionycteris is considered a separate genus following Williams et al. (1970), Tumlinson and Douglas (1992), Bogdanowicz et al. (1998), and Hoofer and Van Den Bussche, but also see Handley (1959b), who retained it in Plecotus, and Frost and Timm (1992), who placed it in Euderma.	
13802151	Otonycteris	Peters 1859	GENUS					Otonycteris	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1859 p.223	Otonycteris hemprichii Peters, 1859.				Often placed in Nycticeini (e.g., Koopman, 1994; McKenna and Bell, 1997), but recent phylogenetic analyses have grouped this taxon with plecotines (Bogdanowicz et al., 1998; Qumsiyeh and Bickham, 1993), although also see Pine et al. (1971) and Hoofer and Van Den Bussche (2001), who suggested a close relationship between Otonycteris and Antrozous.	
13802164	Plecotus austriacus subsp. christii	Gray 1838	SUBSPECIES		christii	austriacus		Plecotus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802165	Plecotus austriacus subsp. macrobullaris	Kuzyakin 1965	SUBSPECIES		macrobullaris	austriacus		Plecotus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802166	Plecotus austriacus subsp. turkmenicus	Strelkov 1988	SUBSPECIES		turkmenicus	austriacus		Plecotus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera						Replacement for turkmenicus Strelkov, 1983, nomen nudum.	
13802167	Plecotus austriacus subsp. wardi	Thomas 1911	SUBSPECIES		wardi	austriacus		Plecotus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802152	Otonycteris hemprichii	Peters 1859	SPECIES			hemprichii		Otonycteris	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1859 p.223		brevimanus  Severtzov, 1873 [not Jenyns, 1829]; cinerea Satunin, 1909; jin Cheesman and Hinton, 1924; leucophaeus Severtzov, 1873; petersi Anderson and de Winton, 1902; saharae Laurent, 1936; ustus Fitzinger and Heuglin, 1866 [nomen nudum].	The desert zone from Morocco and Niger through Tunisia, Algeria, Libya, Egypt, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Syria, and Iraq to Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Afghanistan, and Kashmir.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Harrison and Bates (1991), Horácek (1991), and Bates and Harrison (1997). Several subspecies are sometimes recognized (e.g., Harrison and Bates, 1991; Koopman, 1994), but Horácek (1991) and Horácek et al. (2000) have argued that geographic variation in size and coloration is clinal and therefore does not support recognition of local populations as subspecies.	Hemprich's Desert Bat
13802153	Plecotus	E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1818	GENUS					Plecotus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Descrip. de L'Egypte vol.2 p.112	Vespertilio auritus Linnaeus, 1758.	Macrotus  Leach, 1816 [nomen nudum; not Gray, 1842].			Does not include Idionycteris or Corynorhinus; see Williams et al. (1970), Tumlinson and Douglas (1992), Frost and Timm (1993), Bogdanowicz et al. (1998), and Hoofer and Van Den Bussche (2001). See C. Jones (1977) for a key to species of Plecotus and Corynorhinus, but note that new species have been described since that publication.	
13802154	Plecotus alpinus	Kiefer and Veith 2001 "2002"	SPECIES			alpinus		Plecotus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Myotis vol.39 [dated 2001; issued April, 2002] p.8		microdontus Spitzenberger, 2002 [in Spitsenberger et al., 2002].	France, Liechtenstein, Switzerland, Austria, Croatia, Greece.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated (new species).	Morphologically similar to auritus and austriacus and probably confused with these taxa in some previous studies. See Kock (2002) for discussion of priority of the name alpinus over microdontus for this species. For comparisons with other European Plecotus species, see Mucedda et al. (2002) and Spitzenberger et al. (2002). Also see Kiefer et al. (2002). Garin et al. (2003) suggested that macrobullaris may be a senior synonym of alpinus (rather than a subspecies of austriacus), but the supporting data have not yet been published.	Alpine Long-eared Bat
13802173	Vespertilionini	Gray 1821	TRIBE						Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	London Med. Repos. vol.15 p.299					Does not include Arielulus, Eptesicus, Hesperoptenus, Glischropus, Nyctalus, Pipistrellus, and Scotozous; see Volleth (1992), Volleth and Heller (1994), and Volleth et al. (2001). Includes Hypsugo, Falsistrellus, Tylonycteris, and Vespadelus; see Volleth and Tidemann (1991) and Volleth and Heller (1994). Includes Neoromicia; see Volleth et al. (2001). May include Nyctophilus (Volleth and Tideman, 1991), here placed in a separate tribe Nyctophilini along with Pharotis.	
13802513	Myotis nigricans subsp. extremus	Miller and Allen 1928	SUBSPECIES		extremus	nigricans		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802155	Plecotus auritus	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			auritus		Plecotus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.32		bonapartii  Gray, 1838 [nomen nudum]; brevimanus Jenyns, 1829; communis Lesson, 1827; cornutus Faber, 1826; europaeus Leach, 1816 [nomen nudum]; megalotos Schinz, 1840; montanus Koch, 1865; otus Boie, 1825; peronii I. Geoffroy, 1832; typus Koch, 1865; velatus I. Geoffroy, 1832; vulgaris Desmarest, 1829; begognae de Paz, 1994; homochrous Hodgson, 1847; puck Barrett-Hamilton, 1907; sacrimontis G. M. Allen, 1908; ognevi Kishida, 1927; uenoi Imaizumi and Yoshiyuki, 1969.	Norway, Ireland, and Spain to Sakhalin Isl (Russia), Korea, Japan, N China, Nepal, India.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed in part by Yoshiyuki (1989, 1991b), de Paz (1994), Bates and Harrison (1997), Sinha (1999), and Spitzenberger et al. (2001); also see Kiefer and Veith (2001), Kiefer et al. (2002), and Mucedda et al. (2002). Subspecies allocation of populations from northern China, eastern Siberia, and Sakhalin is uncertain. This complex may include more than one species; homochorous may represent a distinct species (Horácek et al., 2000), and it is possible that other forms may also be distinct (see Mucedda et al., 2002).	Brown Long-eared Bat
13802156	Plecotus auritus subsp. auritus	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		auritus	auritus		Plecotus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.32						
13802157	Plecotus auritus subsp. begognae	de Paz 1994	SUBSPECIES		begognae	auritus		Plecotus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802158	Plecotus auritus subsp. homochrous	Hodgson 1847	SUBSPECIES		homochrous	auritus		Plecotus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802159	Plecotus auritus subsp. sacrimontis	G. M. Allen 1908	SUBSPECIES		sacrimontis	auritus		Plecotus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802160	Plecotus auritus subsp. uenoi	Imaizumi and Yoshiyuki 1969	SUBSPECIES		uenoi	auritus		Plecotus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802161	Plecotus austriacus	J. Fischer 1829	SPECIES			austriacus		Plecotus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Synopsis Mamm. p.117		brevipes  Koch, 1865; hispanicus Bauer, 1957; kirschbaumii Koch, 1860; ariel Thomas, 1911; kozlovi Bobrinski, 1926; christii Gray, 1838; aegyptius Fischer, 1829:117 [not Fischer, 1829:105]; meridionalis Martino, 1940; macrobullaris Kuzyakin, 1965; turkmenicus Strelkov, 1988 [replacement for turkmenicus Strelkov, 1983, nomen nudum]; wardi Thomas, 1911; mordax Thomas, 1926.	England and Spain to Mongolia and W China; N Africa from Morocco to Egypt and Sudan; Canary Isls (Spain) and Cape Verde Isls. A report of this species from Senegal is in error, see Grubb and Ansell (1996).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Included in auritus by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), but see Corbet (1978c). Does not include teneriffae; see Ibáñez and Fernández (1985), though also see Corbet (1978c). Does not include kolombatovici, see Mayer and von Helversen (2001a), Kiefer and Veith (2001), Spitzenberger et al. (2001), Kiefer et al. (2002), and Mucedda et al. (2002). Reviewed in part by Yoshiyuki (1991b), Kock (1996), Harrison and Bates (1991), Bates and Harrison (1997), Horácek et al. (2000), and Mucedda et al. (2002). See Horácek et al. (2000) for a summary of presumed subpecies limits, but note that subspecific allocation of many populations is uncertain. P. wardi is included here following Koopman (1993, 1994), Horácek et al. (2000) and other authors, but Sinha (1999) treated this taxon as a subspecies of auritus rather than austriacus. Garin et al. (2003) suggested that macrobullaris may be a senior synonym of alpin... [truncated]	Gray Long-eared Bat
13802162	Plecotus austriacus subsp. austriacus	J. Fischer 1829	SUBSPECIES		austriacus	austriacus		Plecotus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Synopsis Mamm. p.117					See comments under species.	
13802168	Plecotus balensis	Kruskop and Lavrenchenko 2000	SPECIES			balensis		Plecotus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Myotis vol.38 p.6			S Ethiopia.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated (new species); not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).		Bale Long-eared Bat
13802169	Plecotus kolombatovici	Dulic 1980	SPECIES			kolombatovici		Plecotus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. 5th Internat. Bat Res. Conf., (D. E. Wilson and A. L. Gardner, eds.), Texas Tech Press. p.159			Croatia and nearby islands in the Adriatic Sea.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Originally described as a subspecies of austriacus, but clearly distinct; see Mayer and von Helversen (2001a), Kiefer and Veith (2001), Spitzenberger et al. (2001), Kiefer et al. (2002), and Mucedda et al. (2002).	Kolombatovic's Long-eared Bat
13802170	Plecotus sardus	Mucedda, Kiefer, Pidinchedda, and Veith 2002	SPECIES			sardus		Plecotus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Acta Chiropterol. vol.4 p.123			Sardinia (Italy).	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated (new species).	Closely related to auritus and alpinus, but clearly distinct.	Sardinian Long-eared Bat
13802171	Plecotus taivanus	Yoshiyuki 1991	SPECIES			taivanus		Plecotus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo, ser. A(Zool.) vol.17 p.189			Taiwan.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	Most similar to homochrous and puck, here included in auritus.	Taiwan Long-eared Bat
13802172	Plecotus teneriffae	Barrett-Hamilton 1907	SPECIES			teneriffae		Plecotus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.20 p.520			Canary Isls (Spain).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	Synonymized with austriacus by Corbet (1978c), but see Ibáñez and Fernández (1985).	Canary Long-eared Bat
13802216	Histiotus montanus subsp. inambarus	Anthony 1920	SUBSPECIES		inambarus	montanus		Histiotus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802174	Chalinolobus	Peters 1866 "1867"	GENUS					Chalinolobus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1866 p.679	Vespertilio tuberculatus Forster, 1844 (by International Commision on Zoological Nomenclature ruling, Opinion 1994 [2002]).				Does not include Glauconycteris; see Hill and Harrison (1987) and Volleth and Heller (1994). Tate (1942a) reviewed all named forms, and Chruszez and Barclay (2002) provided a key to the genus.	
13802175	Chalinolobus dwyeri	Ryan 1966	SPECIES			dwyeri		Chalinolobus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	J. Mammal. vol.47 p.89			New South Wales and adjacent part of Queensland (Australia).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.		Large-eared Pied Bat
13700466	Sorex averini	Zubko 1937	SPECIES			averini	Sorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Kharkov A. Gorky-State Univ., Proc. Zool.-Biol. Inst. vol.4 p.300			Recorded from the Lower Dneper Region, Ukraine.		Subgenus Sorex. Zagorodnyuk (1996c) defined this larger form as an allospecies of S. araneus. The species differs in larger external and cranial measurements from the allopatric common shrew (Zubko, 1937).	Dneper Common Shrew
13802214	Histiotus montanus subsp. montanus	Philippi and Landbeck 1861	SUBSPECIES		montanus	montanus		Histiotus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Arch. Naturgesch. p.289						
13802215	Histiotus montanus subsp. colombiae	Thomas 1916	SUBSPECIES		colombiae	montanus		Histiotus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802176	Chalinolobus gouldii	Gray 1841	SPECIES			gouldii		Chalinolobus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Appendix C in J. Two Exped. Aust. vol.2 p.401, 405		venatoris  Thomas, 1908.	Australia but not Cape York Peninsula N of Cardwell; Tasmania, Norfolk Isl (Australia).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Tidemann (1986) and Chruszez and Barclay (2002), although note that they included neocaledonicus in this species. Does not include neocaledonicus, see Flannery (1995b) and discussion under that species. The population from Norfolk Isl (as yet unnamed) may also represent a distinct species, see Flannery (1995b).	Gould's Wattled Bat
13802177	Chalinolobus morio	Gray 1841	SPECIES			morio		Chalinolobus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Appendix C in J. Two Exped. Aust. vol.2 p.400, 405		australis  Gray, 1841; microdon Tomes, 1860; signifer Dobson, 1876.	Southern Australia, Tasmania.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).		Chocolate Wattled Bat
13802178	Chalinolobus neocaledonicus	Revilliod 1914	SPECIES			neocaledonicus		Chalinolobus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	In Sarasin and Roux, Nova Caledonia, A. Zool. p.355			New Caledonia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Endangered.	Often treated as a subspecies of gouldii (e.g., Koopman, 1971a, 1994; Tidemann, 1986), but evidence for synonymy is weak; I follow Flannery (1995b) in provisionally recognizing neocaledonicus as distinct pending further study.	New Caledonia Wattled Bat
13802179	Chalinolobus nigrogriseus	Gould 1852	SPECIES			nigrogriseus		Chalinolobus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Mamm. Aust. vol.pt. 4 vol. 3 p.pl. 43		rogersi  Thomas, 1909.	N and E Australia; SE New Guinea and adjacent small islands.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes rogersi; see Van Deusen and Koopman (1971), who revised the species. Also see Flannery (1995a, b) and Bonaccorso (1998).	Hoary Wattled Bat
13802180	Chalinolobus nigrogriseus subsp. nigrogriseus	Gould 1852	SUBSPECIES		nigrogriseus	nigrogriseus		Chalinolobus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Mamm. Aust. vol.pt. 4 vol. 3 p.pl. 43		&nbsp; 				
13802181	Chalinolobus nigrogriseus subsp. rogersi	Thomas 1909	SUBSPECIES		rogersi	nigrogriseus		Chalinolobus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802238	Hypsugo savii subsp. caucasicus	Satunin 1901	SUBSPECIES		caucasicus	savii		Hypsugo	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802182	Chalinolobus picatus	Gould 1852	SPECIES			picatus		Chalinolobus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Mamm. Aust. vol.pt. 4 vol. 3 p.pl. 43			NW New South Wales, C and S Queensland, and South Australia (Australia).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Reviewed by Van Deusen and Koopman (1971).	Little Pied Bat
13802183	Chalinolobus tuberculatus	Forster 1844	SPECIES			tuberculatus		Chalinolobus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Descrip. Animal. Itinere Maris Aust. Terras, 1772-74 p.62			New Zealand and adjacent small islands.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	See O'Donnell (2001). Placed on the Offical List Specific Names in Zoology; International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (Opinion 1994 [2002]).	Long-tailed Wattled Bat
13802184	Eudiscopus	Conisbee 1953	GENUS					Eudiscopus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Last names proposed genera subgenera Recent Mamm. p.30	Discopus denticulus Osgood, 1932.	Discopus  Osgood, 1932 [not Discopus Thompson, 1864, a coleopteran].				
13802185	Eudiscopus denticulus	Osgood 1932	SPECIES			denticulus		Eudiscopus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser. vol.18 p.236			Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, C Burma.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	See Koopman (1972) and Kock and Kovac (2000).	Disk-footed Bat
13802186	Falsistrellus	Troughton 1943	GENUS					Falsistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Furred animals of Australia, 1st ed., Sydney: Angus and Robertson p.349	Vespertilio tasmaniensis Gould, 1858.				Included in Pipistrellus by many authors (e.g., Corbet and Hill, 1992; Hill and Harrison, 1987; Koopman, 1993, 1994), but see Kitchener et al. (1986) and Volleth and Heller (1994). See Kitchener et al. (1986) for diagnosis.	
13802187	Falsistrellus affinis	Dobson 1871	SPECIES			affinis		Falsistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal p.213			NE Burma, Yunnan (China), India, Nepal, Sri Lanka.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc) as Pipistrellus affinus.	May include petersi; see Francis and Hill (1986) and Corbet and Hill (1992). May be conspecific with mordax; see Corbet and Hill (1992). Reviewed by Bates and Harrison (1997).	Chocolate Pipistrelle
13802246	Laephotis namibensis	Setzer 1971	SPECIES			namibensis		Laephotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.84 p.259			Namibia, South Africa.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Endangered.		Namibian Long-eared Bat
13802188	Falsistrellus mackenziei	Kitchener, Caputi, and Jones 1986	SPECIES			mackenziei		Falsistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Rec. West. Aust. Mus.12 p.451			SW Australia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable as Pipistrellus mackenziei (misspelled as mckenziei in 2001 Action Plan).	Included in tasmaniensis by Koopman (1993, 1994), but see Kitchener et al. (1986).	Mackenzie's False Pipistrelle
13802248	Mimetillus	Thomas 1904	GENUS					Mimetillus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1904 10 p.12	Vesperugo (Vesperus) moloneyi Thomas, 1891.					
13802189	Falsistrellus mordax	Peters 1866	SPECIES			mordax		Falsistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1866 p.402		maderaspatanus  Gray, 1843 [nomen nudum].	Java; records from India and Sri Lanka are erroneous, based on misidentified affinis, see Hill and Harrison (1987).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt) as Pipistrellus mordax.	May include petersi and/or affinis; see Corbet and Hill (1992).	Pungent Pipistrelle
13802190	Falsistrellus petersi	A. Meyer 1899	SPECIES			petersi		Falsistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Abh. Zool. Anthrop.-Ethnology. Mus. Dresden vol.7 7 p.13			Borneo; Sulawesi; Buru and Amboina (Molucca Isls); Philippines.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc) as Pipistrellus petersi.	May be conspecific with affinis; see Francis and Hill (1986) and Corbet and Hill (1992).	Peters's Pipistrelle
13802191	Falsistrellus tasmaniensis	Gould 1858	SPECIES			tasmaniensis		Falsistrellus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Mamm. Aust. vol.3 p.pl. 48		krefftii  Peters, 1869.	E and SE Australia, Tasmania.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc) as Pipistrellus tasmaniensis.	Does not includes mackenziei; see Kitchener et al. (1986).	Eastern False Pipistrelle
13802192	Glauconycteris	Dobson 1875	GENUS					Glauconycteris	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1875 p.383	Kerivoula poensis Gray, 1842.				Formerly included in Chalinolobus, but see Hill and Harrison (1987) and Volleth and Heller (1994). Reviewed by Tate (1942a) and Ryan (1966).	
13802193	Glauconycteris alboguttata	J. A. Allen 1917	SPECIES			alboguttata		Glauconycteris	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.37 p.449			Dem. Rep. Congo, Cameroon.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable as Chalinolobus alboguttatus.	See Eger and Schlitter (2001).	Striped Butterfly Bat
13802194	Glauconycteris argentata	Dobson 1875	SPECIES			argentata		Glauconycteris	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1875 p.385			Cameroon to Kenya, south to Angola, Tanzania, and N Malawi.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc) as Chalinolobus argentatus.	See Peterson and Smith (1973) and Peterson (1982).	Common Butterfly Bat
13802195	Glauconycteris beatrix	Thomas 1901	SPECIES			beatrix		Glauconycteris	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.8 p.256			Equatorial Guinea, Côte dIvoire, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Angola. A report of this species from Guinea-Bissau is in error (J. Fahr, pers. comm.)	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt) as Chalinolobus beatrix.	Does not include humeralis; see Hill and Harrison (1987) and Heller et al. (1994), but also see Eger and Schlitter (2001).	Beatrix Butterfly Bat
13802239	Hypsugo savii subsp. ochromixtus	Cabrera 1904	SUBSPECIES		ochromixtus	savii		Hypsugo	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802196	Glauconycteris curryae	Eger and Schlitter 2001	SPECIES			curryae		Glauconycteris	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Acta Chiropterologica vol.3 p.2			Cameroon; Dem. Rep. Congo.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated (new species); not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Originally spelled curryi, but emended to curryae by Eger (2001).	Curry's Butterfly Bat
13802197	Glauconycteris egeria	Thomas 1913	SPECIES			egeria		Glauconycteris	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.11 p.144			Cameroon, Uganda, Central African Republic (Lunde et al., 2002).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt) as Chalinolobus egeria.		Bibundi Butterfly Bat
13802198	Glauconycteris gleni	Peterson and Smith 1973	SPECIES			gleni		Glauconycteris	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	R. Ont. Mus. Life Sci. Occas. Pap. vol.22 p.3			Cameroon, Uganda.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt) as Chalinolobus gleni.	See Peterson (1982).	Glen's Butterfly Bat
13802199	Glauconycteris humeralis	J. A. Allen 1917	SPECIES			humeralis		Glauconycteris	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.37 p.448			Dem. Rep. Congo, Uganda, Kenya.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Apparently distinct from beatrix; see Hill and Harrison (1987) and Heller et al. (1994), but also see Eger and Schlitter (2001).	Spotted Butterfly Bat
13802200	Glauconycteris kenyacola	Peterson 1982	SPECIES			kenyacola		Glauconycteris	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Canadian J. Zool. vol.60 p.2521			Kenya.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Data Deficient as Chalinolobus kenyacola.	Known only from the holotype.	Kenyacola Butterfly Bat
13802217	Histiotus velatus	I. Geoffroy 1824	SPECIES			velatus		Histiotus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. vol.3 p.446		miotis  Thomas, 1916.	E Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, NW Argentina	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).		Tropical Big-eared Brown Bat
13802273	Neoromicia nanus subsp. minusculus	Miller 1900	SUBSPECIES		minusculus	nanus		Neoromicia	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802218	Hypsugo	Kolenati 1856	GENUS					Hypsugo	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Allegemeine Deutsche Naturhist. Zeit. vol.2 p.131	Vespertilio savii Bonaparte, 1837 (type species fixed by Wallin [1969]).	Parastrellus  Horacek and Hanák, 1985.			Often included in Pipistrellus, but see Horacek and Hanák (1985-1986), Tiunov (1986), Menu (1987), Ruedi and Arlettaz (1991), Volleth and Heller (1994), and Volleth et al. (1994).	
13700470	Sorex bedfordiae	Thomas 1911	SPECIES			bedfordiae	Sorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1911 90 p.3		fumeolus  Thomas, 1911; gomphus G. Allen, 1923; nepalensis Weigel, 1969; wardi Thomas, 1911.	Montane forests of S Gansu and W Shensi to Yunnan (China); adjacent Burma and Nepal.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Sorex. Formerly a subspecies of cylindricauda but recognized as a full species by Corbet (1978c) and Hoffmann (1987).	Lesser Striped Shrew
13802201	Glauconycteris machadoi	Hayman 1963	SPECIES			machadoi		Glauconycteris	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Comp. Diamantes de Angola, Ser. Cult. vol.1963 p.107			Angola; known only from the type locality.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Known only from the holotype. Koopman (1971a:6) treated machadoi as a subspecies of variegata, suggesting that it might be "simply a melanistic mutant individual" of the latter widespread species, which is typically pale creamy buff with a whitish head and pale wing membranes. Alternatively, Hayman and Hill (1971) treated machadoi as a separate species in recognition of its distinct coloration, which includes brown dorsal fur, a dark brown head, dark wing membranes, and a creamy-white underbelly. Peterson and Smith (1973) and Crawford-Cabral (1989c) also treated machadoi as distinct. I follow the latter authors pending additional evidence.	Machado's Butterfly Bat
13802202	Glauconycteris poensis	Gray 1842	SPECIES			poensis		Glauconycteris	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.10 p.258		kraussii  Peters, 1868.	Senegal to Uganda; Bioko (Equatorial Guinea); Cameroon.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt) as Chalinolobus poensis.	Distinct from beatrix and humeralis; see Heller et al. (1994).	Abo Butterfly Bat
13802203	Glauconycteris superba	Hayman 1939	SPECIES			superba		Glauconycteris	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 11 vol.3 p.219		sheila  Hayman, 1947.	Côte dIvoire, Ghana, NE Dem. Rep. Congo.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable as Chalinolobus superbus.	Although sheila is sometimes recognized as a subspecies, it might represent only a color variant (Rosevear, 1965; J. Fahr, pers. comm.).	Pied Butterfly Bat
13802204	Glauconycteris variegata	Tomes 1861	SPECIES			variegata		Glauconycteris	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1861 p.36		papilio  Thomas, 1915; phalaena Thomas, 1915.	Senegal to Somalia, south to South Africa.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc) as Chalinolobus variegatus.	Does not include machadoi, see Hayman and Hill (1971), but also see Koopman (1971a).	Variegated Butterfly Bat
13802205	Glauconycteris variegata subsp. variegata	Tomes 1861	SUBSPECIES		variegata	variegata		Glauconycteris	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1861 p.36						
13802206	Glauconycteris variegata subsp. phalaena	Thomas 1915	SUBSPECIES		phalaena	variegata		Glauconycteris	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802207	Histiotus	Gervais 1856	GENUS					Histiotus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	In F. Comte de Castelnau, Exped. Partes Cen. Am. Sud.(Sec. 7) vol.Vol. 1 pt. 2 (Mammifères) p.77	Plecotus velatus I. Geoffroy, 1824				Species differences discussed by Handley (1996).	
13802208	Histiotus alienus	Thomas 1916	SPECIES			alienus		Histiotus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.17 p.276			SE Brazil, Uruguay.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.		Strange Big-eared Brown Bat
13802209	Histiotus humboldti	Handley 1996	SPECIES			humboldti		Histiotus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.109 p.2			Colombia, W Venezuela.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Data Deficient.		Humboldt's Big-eared Brown Bat
13802210	Histiotus laephotis	Thomas 1916	SPECIES			laephotis		Histiotus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.17 p.275			Argentina, S Bolivia, S Peru.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Treated as a subspecies of montanus by Anderson (1997) and as a subspecies of macrotis by Koopman (1994) and Barquez et al. (1993, 1999), but apparently distinct; see Autino et al. (1999) and Barquez and Diaz (2001).	Thomas's Big-eared Brown Bat
13802425	Myotis fortidens subsp. sonoriensis	Findley and Jones 1967	SUBSPECIES		sonoriensis	fortidens		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802211	Histiotus macrotus	Poeppig 1835	SPECIES			macrotus		Histiotus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Reise Chile Peru Amaz. vol.1 p.451		chilensis  Lesson, 1836; poeppigii Fitzinger, 1872.	Chile, Argentina.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Does not include laephotis; see Autino et al. (1999) and Barquez and Diaz (2001).	Big-eared Brown Bat
13802212	Histiotus magellanicus	Philippi 1866	SPECIES			magellanicus		Histiotus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Arch. Naturg. vol.1866 p.113		capucinus  Philippi, 1866.	S Argentina, S Chile.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Often treated as a subspecies of montanus, but apparently distinct; see Barquez et al. (1993) and Mares et al. (1995).	Southern Big-eared Brown Bat
13802213	Histiotus montanus	Philippi and Landbeck 1861	SPECIES			montanus		Histiotus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Arch. Naturgesch. p.289		segethii  Peters, 1864; colombiae Thomas, 1916; inambarus Anthony, 1920.	N Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, W Bolivia, S Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, perhaps N Peru and S Brazil.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Does not include laephotis; see Autino et al. (1999) and Barquez and Diaz (2001). Does not include magellanicus; see Barquez et al. (1993) and Mares et al. (1995).	Small Big-eared Brown Bat
13802219	Hypsugo alaschanicus	Bobrinskii 1926	SPECIES			alaschanicus		Hypsugo	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	C. R. Acad. sci. URSS, A vol.1926 p.98		coreensis  Imazumi, 1955; velox Ognev, 1927.	Mongolia, China, Russian Far East to Korea and Tsushima Isl (Japan).	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Formerly included in savii, but see Horácek et al. (2000). Horácek et al. (2000) suggested that coreensis might represent a separate subspecies, but also see Yoshiyuki (1989), who treated coreensis as a distinct species.	Alashanian Pipistrelle
13802220	Hypsugo anchietae	Seabra 1900	SPECIES			anchietae		Hypsugo	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	J. Sci. Math. Phys. Nat. Lisboa, ser. 2 vol.6 p.26, 120			Angola, S Dem. Rep. Congo, Zambia, Zimbabwe, KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable as Pipistrellus anchietai.	The oldest name for this species may be bicolor, here listed as a synonym of Neoromicia tenuipinnis following Hayman and Hill (1971); see discussion in Koopman (1975) and Hill and Harrison (1987). Reviewed by Cotterill (1996) and Kearney and Taylor (1997). Sometimes misspelled anchieta or anchietai, but the correct spelling is anchietae; see Kock (2001a).	Anchieta's Pipistrelle
13802221	Hypsugo anthonyi	Tate 1942	SPECIES			anthonyi		Hypsugo	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.80 p.252		affinis  Anthony, 1941 [not Dobson, 1871].	Known only from the type locality.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Critically Endangered as Pipistrellus anthonyi.	Known only by the holotype. May be referrable to Nyctalus or even Philetor; see Hill (1966), Koopman (1993), Hill and Harrison (1987), and Corbet and Hill (1992).	Anthony's Pipistrelle
13802222	Hypsugo arabicus	Harrison 1979	SPECIES			arabicus		Hypsugo	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Mammalia vol.43 p.575			Oman, Iran.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable as Pipistrellus arabicus.	Reviewed by Harrison and Bates (1991). May be conspecific with ariel, see Benda et al. (2002).	Arabian Pipistrelle
13802223	Hypsugo ariel	Thomas 1904	SPECIES			ariel		Hypsugo	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.14 p.157			Israel, Jordan, N Sudan, possibly Egypt.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable as Pipistrellus ariel.	Reviewed by Harrison and Bates (1991). May include arabicus and bodenheimeri, see Benda et al. (2002).	Fairy Pipistrelle
13802224	Hypsugo bodenheimeri	Harrison 1960	SPECIES			bodenheimeri		Hypsugo	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Durban Mus. Novit. vol.5 p.261			Israel, Saudi Arabia, S Yemen, Oman, perhaps Socotra Isl (Yemen).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt) as Pipistrellus bodenheimeri.	Reviewed by Harrison and Bates (1991) and Gaucher and Harrison (1995); also see Riskin (2001). May be conspecific with ariel, see Benda et al. (2002).	Bodenheimer's Pipistrelle
13802623	Miniopterus schreibersii subsp. oceanensis	Maeda 1982	SUBSPECIES		oceanensis	schreibersii		Miniopterus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802225	Hypsugo cadornae	Thomas 1916	SPECIES			cadornae		Hypsugo	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. vol.24 p.416			NE India, Burma, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt) as Pipistrellus cadornae.	Listed as a subspecies of savii by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), but see Hill (1962b) and Bates and Harrison (1967). Reviewed in part by Bates et al. (1997), Hendrichsen et al. (2001b), and Lunde et al. (2003a).	Cadorna's Pipistrelle
13802226	Hypsugo crassulus	Thomas 1904	SPECIES			crassulus		Hypsugo	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.13 p.206		bellieri  De Vree, 1972.	Liberia, Côte dIvoire, Cameroon, Dem. Rep. Congo, N Angola, S Sudan.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc) as Pipistrellus crassulus.	Includes bellieri; see Heller et al. (1994).	Broad-headed Pipistrelle
13802227	Hypsugo eisentrauti	Hill 1968	SPECIES			eisentrauti		Hypsugo	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Bonn. Zool. Beitr. vol.19 p.45			Cameroon, Rwanda, Kenya, and Somalia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc) as Pipistrellus eisentrauti.	Formerly included bellieri (e.g., Koopman, 1989, 1993, 1994), which is here listed as a synonym of crassulus following Heller et al. (1994).	Eisentraut's Pipistrelle
13802228	Hypsugo imbricatus	Horsfield 1824	SPECIES			imbricatus		Hypsugo	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Zool. Res. Java vol.part 8 p.p. 5 (unno.) of Vespertilio Temminckii acct			Java, Kangean Isl, Bali, and Lesser Sunda Isls; Borneo.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc) as Pipistrellus imbricatus.	Previous reports of imbricatus from the Philippines all appear to represent javanicus; see Heaney et al. (1998).	Brown Pipistrelle
13802229	Hypsugo joffrei	Thomas 1915	SPECIES			joffrei		Hypsugo	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.15 p.225			N Burma.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Critically Endangered as Pipistrellus joffrei.	Transferred from Nyctalus; see Hill (1966). Koopman (1989a, 1993) suggested that it might best be returned to Nyctalus, but see Hill (1966) and Hill and Harrison (1987).	Joffre's Pipistrelle
13802230	Hypsugo kitcheneri	Thomas 1915	SPECIES			kitcheneri		Hypsugo	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.15 p.229			Borneo.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt) as Pipistrellus kitcheneri.	Listed as a subspecies of imbricatus by Chasen (1940), but see Tate (1942a) and Medway (1977). May be conspecific with lophurus; see Francis and Hill (1986).	Red-brown Pipistrelle
13802231	Hypsugo lophurus	Thomas 1915	SPECIES			lophurus		Hypsugo	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. vol.23 p.413			Peninsular Burma.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Data Deficient as Pipistrellus lophurus.	May be conspecific with kitcheneri; see Francis and Hill (1986). Corbet and Hill (1992) argued that lophurus would be considered the older name.	Burmese Pipistrelle
13802232	Hypsugo macrotis	Temminck 1840	SPECIES			macrotis		Hypsugo	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Monogr. Mamm. vol.2 p.218		curtatus  Miller, 1911.	W Malaysia, Sumatra, Bali, adjacent small islands.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt) as Pipistrellus macrotis.	Listed as a subspecies of imbricatus by Medway (1969), but see Tate (1942a) and Corbet and Hill (1980). May include vordermanni; see Corbet and Hill (1992).	Big-eared Pipistrelle
13802233	Hypsugo musciculus	Thomas 1913	SPECIES			musciculus		Hypsugo	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.11 p.316			Cameroon, Dem. Rep. Congo, Gabon, possibly Ghana.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt) as Pipistrellus musciculus.		Mouse-like Pipistrelle
13802234	Hypsugo pulveratus	Peters 1870 "1871"	SPECIES			pulveratus		Hypsugo	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	In Swinhoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1870 p.618			Szechwan, Yunnan, Hunan, Kiangsu, Fukien (China), Hong Kong; Thailand, Laos, Vietnam.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt) as Pipistrellus pulveratus.	Reviewed in part by Bates et al. (1997) and Hendrichsen et al. (2001b).	Chinese Pipistrelle
13802235	Hypsugo savii	Bonaparte 1837	SPECIES			savii		Hypsugo	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Fauna Ital. vol.1 p.fasc. 20		agilis  Fatio, 1872; aristippe Bonaparte, 1837; bonapartei Savi, 1838; darwini Tomes, 1859; leucippe Bonaparte, 1837; maurus Blasius, 1853; nigrans Crespon, 1844; austenianus Dobson, 1871; caucasicus Satunin, 1901; tauricus Ognev, 1927; pallescens Bobrinskii, 1926; tamerlani Bobrinskii, 1918; ochromixtus Cabrera, 1904.	France, Portugal, Spain, Italy, S Switzerland, Austria, E. Hungary, Balkan Countries, Morocco, N Algeria, and the Canary Isls. (Spain) and Cape Verde Isls through the Crimea and Caucasus, Turkey, Lebanon, Syria, Israel Iran, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan to N India and Burma.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc) as Pipistrellus savii.	Does not include coreensis, alaschanicus, or velox, see Yoshiyuki (1989) and Horácek et al. (2000). Reviewed in part by Harrison and Bates (1991), Bates and Harrison (1997), and Horácek et al. (2000). See Horácek et al. (2000) for discussion of subspecies limits. Srinivasulu and Srinivasulu (2001) suggested that austenianus may be a distinct species.	Savi's Pipistrelle
13802236	Hypsugo savii subsp. savii	Bonaparte 1837	SUBSPECIES		savii	savii		Hypsugo	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Fauna Ital. vol.1 p.fasc. 20						
13802237	Hypsugo savii subsp. austenianus	Dobson 1871	SUBSPECIES		austenianus	savii		Hypsugo	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802240	Hypsugo vordermanni	Jentink 1890	SPECIES			vordermanni		Hypsugo	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Zool. Ergebnisse Reis. Niederlandische Ost-Indien p.152			Belitung Isl (Indonesia), Borneo (Sarawak, Malaysia).	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Reviewed by Hill (1983) and Francis and Hill (1986). May be conspecific with macrotis; see Corbet and Hill (1992).	Vordermann's Pipistrelle
13802241	Ia	Thomas 1902	GENUS					Ia	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.10 p.163	Ia io Thomas, 1902.	Parascotomanes  Bourret, 1942.			Considered a subgenus of Pipistrellus by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951); but see Topál (1970a).	
13802242	Ia io	Thomas 1902	SPECIES			io		Ia	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.10 p.164		beaulieui  Bourret, 1942; longimana Pen, 1962.	Sichuan, Hubei, Yunnan, Guichow, Tibet (S China), Laos, N Vietnam, N Thailand, NE India, Nepal.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Reviewed by Topál (1970a), Bates and Harrison (1997), Csorba (1998), and Hendrichsen et al. (2001b).	Great Evening Bat
13802243	Laephotis	Thomas 1901	GENUS					Laephotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.7 p.460	Laephotis wintoni Thomas, 1901.				Considered monotypic by Hayman and Hill (1971), but see Hill (1974a), who revised the genus. Kearney et al. (2002) suggested that Laephotis may nest within Neoromicia based on analysis of bacular structure, but this hypothesis needs to be tested with additional data sets.	
13802244	Laephotis angolensis	Monard 1935	SPECIES			angolensis		Laephotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Arch. Mus. Bocage vol.6 p.45			Angola, Dem. Rep. Congo.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).		Angolan Long-eared Bat
13802245	Laephotis botswanae	Setzer 1971	SPECIES			botswanae		Laephotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.84 p.260, 263			Dem. Rep. Congo, Zambia, Malawi, Botswana, Zimbabwe, NE South Africa.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	For a range map see Cotterill (1996).	Botswanan Long-eared Bat
13802247	Laephotis wintoni	Thomas 1901	SPECIES			wintoni		Laephotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.7 p.460			Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, SW Cape Province (South Africa).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).		De Winton's Long-eared Bat
14000079	Felis silvestris subsp. ugandae	Schwann 1904	SUBSPECIES		ugandae	silvestris		Felis	Felidae	Carnivora							
13802249	Mimetillus moloneyi	Thomas 1891	SPECIES			moloneyi		Mimetillus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.7 p.528		thomasi  Hinton, 1920; berneri Monard, 1933.	Sierra Leone east to Ethiopia and Kenya, Tanzania south to Mozambique, west to Zambia, S Dem. Rep. Congo, and Angola; no records have been documented in the central Congo Basin.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Cotterill (2001c) suggested that thomasi represents a distinct, large-bodied, savanna-dwelling species (moloneyi being a strict forest-dwelling species characterized by smaller size). However, additional locality and morphometric data indicate a more complex pattern (J. Fahr, pers. comm.). Accordingly, I have chosen to treat these taxa as conspecific pending a thorough revision.	Moloney's Mimic Bat
13802250	Mimetillus moloneyi subsp. moloneyi	Thomas 1891	SUBSPECIES		moloneyi	moloneyi		Mimetillus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.7 p.528		&nbsp; 				
13802251	Mimetillus moloneyi subsp. thomasi	Hinton 1920	SUBSPECIES		thomasi	moloneyi		Mimetillus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802252	Neoromicia	Roberts 1926	GENUS					Neoromicia	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Annals Transvaal Mus. vol.11 p.245	Eptesicus zuluensis Roberts, 1924.				Often considered a subgenus of Pipistrellus (e.g, Hill and Harrison, 1987; Koopman, 1994) or Eptesicus (e.g., Koopman, 1993) but raised to generic rank and transferred to Vespertilionini by Volleth et al. (2001) based on karyotype data. Also see Kearney et al. (2002), who provided additional evidence in support of this arrangment. For a partial phylogeny see Kearney et al. (2002), who also suggested that Laephotis might nest within Neoromicia.	
13802253	Neoromicia brunneus	Thomas 1880	SPECIES			brunneus		Neoromicia	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5 vol.6 p.165			Liberia to Dem. Rep. Congo.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt) as Eptesicus brunneus.		Dark-brown Pipistrelle
13802286	Neoromicia zuluensis	Roberts 1924	SPECIES			zuluensis		Neoromicia	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Transv. Mus. vol.15 p.15		vansoni  Roberts, 1932.	Namibia, Botswana, Zambia, Natal, Malawi, N South Africa; also known from Kenya, Ethiopia, and Sudan (V. Van Cakenberghe, pers. comm.).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt) as Eptesicus zuluensis.	Often included in somalicus (e.g., Koopman, 1975, 1993, 1994), but apparently distinct; see Peterson et al. (1995).	Zulu Serotine
13802287	Philetor	Thomas 1902	GENUS					Philetor	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.9 p.220	Philetor rohui Thomas, 1902 (= Vespertilio brachypterus Temminck, 1840).					
13802254	Neoromicia capensis	A. Smith 1829	SPECIES			capensis		Neoromicia	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Zool. J. vol.4 p.435		damarensis  Noack, 1889; garambae J. A. Allen, 1917; gracilior Thomas and Schwann, 1905; grandidieri Dobson, 1876; nkatiensis Roberts, 1932; notius G. M. Allen, 1908.	Guinea-Bissau to Ethiopia, south to South Africa.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc) as Eptesicus capensis.	Includes notius; see Koopman (1975b). Does not include matroka; see Peterson et al. (1995). May also include minuta Temminck, 1840 [not of Montgu, 1808; see Koopman, 1975b]. Probably includes melckorum Roberts, 1919, but not all of the material referred to that species (see account for melckorum below). Most West African populations have not been allocated to subspecies. See Taylor (2000a) for distribution map, but note that he apparently included matroka from Madagascar (here treated as a species of Eptesicus) in capensis.	Cape Serotine
13802255	Neoromicia capensis subsp. capensis	A. Smith 1829	SUBSPECIES		capensis	capensis		Neoromicia	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Zool. J. vol.4 p.435		&nbsp; 				
13802256	Neoromicia capensis subsp. damarensis	Noack 1889	SUBSPECIES		damarensis	capensis		Neoromicia	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802257	Neoromicia capensis subsp. garambae	J. A. Allen 1917	SUBSPECIES		garambae	capensis		Neoromicia	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802258	Neoromicia capensis subsp. gracilior	Thomas and Schwann 1905	SUBSPECIES		gracilior	capensis		Neoromicia	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802259	Neoromicia capensis subsp. grandidieri	Dobson 1876	SUBSPECIES		grandidieri	capensis		Neoromicia	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802260	Neoromicia capensis subsp. nkatiensis	Roberts 1932	SUBSPECIES		nkatiensis	capensis		Neoromicia	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802261	Neoromicia capensis subsp. notius	G. M. Allen 1908	SUBSPECIES		notius	capensis		Neoromicia	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802274	Neoromicia nanus subsp. stampflii	Jentink 1888	SUBSPECIES		stampflii	nanus		Neoromicia	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802262	Neoromicia flavescens	Seabra 1900	SPECIES			flavescens		Neoromicia	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	J. Sci. Math. Phys. Nat. Lisboa, ser. 2 vol.6 p.23		angolensis  Hill, 1937.	Angola, Burundi, Malawi; also Cameroon (Van Cakenberghe, pers. comm.).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Data Deficient as Eptesicus flavescens.		Yellow Serotine
14000092	Leopardus geoffroyi subsp. salinarum	Thomas 1903	SUBSPECIES		salinarum	geoffroyi		Leopardus	Felidae	Carnivora							
13802263	Neoromicia guineensis	Bocage 1889	SPECIES			guineensis		Neoromicia	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	J. Sci. Math. Phys. Nat. Lisboa, ser. 2 vol.1 p.6		rectitragus  Wettstein, 1916.	Senegal, Gambia, Guinea Bissau, and Guinea to Ethiopia and NE Dem. Rep. Congo; perhaps Tanzania.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt) as Eptesicus guineensis.	This species was called pusillus by Hayman and Hill (1971), but see Koopman (1975). Tanzanian record may represent somalicus.	Guinean Serotine
13802264	Neoromicia guineensis subsp. guineensis	Bocage 1889	SUBSPECIES		guineensis	guineensis		Neoromicia	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	J. Sci. Math. Phys. Nat. Lisboa, ser. 2 vol.1 p.6		&nbsp; 				
13802265	Neoromicia guineensis subsp. rectitragus	Wettstein 1916	SUBSPECIES		rectitragus	guineensis		Neoromicia	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802266	Neoromicia helios	Heller 1912	SPECIES			helios		Neoromicia	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Smiths. Misc. Coll. vol.60 12 p.3			Kenya, Somalia, Djibouti, NE Uganda, extreme S Sudan, N Tanzania. Maybe more widespread (Peterson, 1987).	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Considered to be a subspecies of nanus by some authors, but differences in bacular morphology (Hill and Harrison, 1987), roosting and social behavior (O'Shea, 1980; Happold and Happold, 1996), habitat and pelage coloration, and the presence of a pair of glands on the interfemoral membrane in helios (O'Shea, 1980) that are rarely found in nanus indicate that helios is a distinct species (M. Happold, pers. comm.).	Samburu Pipistrelle
13802267	Neoromicia melckorum	Roberts 1919	SPECIES			melckorum		Neoromicia	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Transvaal Mus. vol.6 p.113			SW South Africa, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Mozambique, Kenya, Tanzania.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc) as Eptesicus melckorum.	This species has not been clearly distinguished from capensis, see discussion in Rautenbach et al. (1993) and Kearney et al. (2002). Koopman (1994) noted that the type series from W Cape Province is probably conspecific with capensis; however, material from the northern part of the supposed range of melckorum (Kenya to Zambia and Transvaal) is clearly distinct from capensis and should be renamed.	Melcks' Serotine
13802288	Philetor brachypterus	Temminck 1840	SPECIES			brachypterus		Philetor	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Monogr. Mamm. vol.2 p.215		rohui  Thomas, 1902; verecundus Chasen, 1940.	Nepal, W Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, Philippines, Sulawesi, New Guinea, New Britain and New Ireland Isls (Bismarck Arch.). A record from Java is erroneous, and a record from Bangka Isl (Indonesia) does not appear to be authentic, see Corbet and Hill (1992).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Hill (1966, 1971d, 1983); also see Corbet and Hill (1992), Bates and Harrison (1997), Flannery (1995a, b), and Bonaccorso (1998). Three subspecies are often recognized, but the actual pattern of variation is too complex to fit this taxonomy.	Rohu's Bat
13802289	Tylonycteris	Peters 1872	GENUS					Tylonycteris	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1872 p.703	Vespertilio pachypus Temminck, 1840.				Reviewed by Corbet and Hill (1992).	
13802268	Neoromicia nanus	Peters 1852	SPECIES			nanus		Neoromicia	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Reise nach Mossambique, Säugethier p.63		abaensis  J. A. Allen, 1917; africanus Rüppell, 1842; culex Thomas, 1911; fouriei Thomas, 1926; meesteri Kock, 2001 [replacement name for australis Roberts, 1913]; australis Roberts, 1913 [not Miller, 1897]; pagenstecheri Noack, 1889; pusillulus Peters, 1870; pusillus LeConte, 1857 [not Schinz, 1840, or Noack, 1889]; pusillus Noack, 1889 [not Schinz, 1840, or LeConte, 1857]; minusculus Miller, 1900; stampflii Jentink, 1888.	South Africa to Ethiopia, Eritrea, Sudan, Niger, Mali, and Senegal; Madagascar; Pemba and Zanzibar.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc) as Pipistrellus nanus.	Usually placed in Pipistrellus or Hypsugo, but recently transferred to Neoromicia based on analyses of karyotype data (Kearney et al., 2002; Volleth et al., 2001). The oldest name for this species is africanus (see Koopman [1975], Meester et al. [1986], and Kock [2001b]), but the name nanus has been applied to this taxon extensively in the literature for many decades. A petition has been filed with the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature to conserve nanus in place of africanus (M. Happold, pers. comm.) Pending a ruling of the International Commission, I follow Koopman (1993) in retaining the name nanus for this species in the interest of stability. Does not include helios, see comments under that species. May not include minusculus, culex, or fouriei; see Peterson (1987), who suggested in an abstract that these taxa and helios represent two distinct species, helios (... [truncated]	Banana Pipistrelle
13802269	Neoromicia nanus subsp. nanus	Peters 1852	SUBSPECIES		nanus	nanus		Neoromicia	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Reise nach Mossambique, Säugethier p.63						
13802270	Neoromicia nanus subsp. culex	Thomas 1911	SUBSPECIES		culex	nanus		Neoromicia	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802271	Neoromicia nanus subsp. fouriei	Thomas 1926	SUBSPECIES		fouriei	nanus		Neoromicia	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802272	Neoromicia nanus subsp. meesteri	Kock 2001	SUBSPECIES		meesteri	nanus		Neoromicia	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	[replacement name for australis Roberts, 1913]						
13802514	Myotis nigricans subsp. osculatii	Cornalia 1849	SUBSPECIES		osculatii	nigricans		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802388	Myotis cobanensis	Goodwin 1955	SPECIES			cobanensis		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.1744 p.2			C Guatemala.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Critically Endangered.	Listed as a subspecies of velifer by Goodwin (1955a), but see de la Torre (1958) and Hall (1981).	Guatemalan Myotis
13802275	Neoromicia rendalli	Thomas 1889	SPECIES			rendalli		Neoromicia	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.3 p.362		phasma  G. M. Allen, 1911; faradjius J. A. Allen, 1917.	Senegal, Mali, and Gambia to Somalia, south to Botswana, Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc) as Eptesicus rendalli.	Reviewed by Koopman (1975) and Kock et al. (2002). This complex is in need of review as it may include more than one species (see Kock et al., 2002).	Rendall's Serotine
13802276	Neoromicia rendalli subsp. rendalli	Thomas 1889	SUBSPECIES		rendalli	rendalli		Neoromicia	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.3 p.362		&nbsp; 				
13802277	Neoromicia rendalli subsp. phasma	G. M. Allen 1911	SUBSPECIES		phasma	rendalli		Neoromicia	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802278	Neoromicia somalicus	Thomas 1901	SPECIES			somalicus		Neoromicia	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.8 p.32		humbloti  Milne-Edwards, 1881; malagasyensis Peterson, Eger, and Mitchell, 1995; ugandae Hollister, 1916.	Senegal and Guinea-Bissau to Somalia, south to Uganda, Dem. Rep. Congo, Kenya, and Tanzania; Madagascar.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc) as Eptesicus somalicus.	Does not include zuluensis; see Peterson et al. (1995). Reviewed in part by Peterson et al. (1995). Subspecific allocations of West African and Tanzanian populations are uncertain.	Somali Serotine
13802279	Neoromicia somalicus subsp. somalicus	Thomas 1901	SUBSPECIES		somalicus	somalicus		Neoromicia	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.8 p.32		&nbsp; 				
13802280	Neoromicia somalicus subsp. humbloti	Milne-Edwards 1881	SUBSPECIES		humbloti	somalicus		Neoromicia	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802281	Neoromicia somalicus subsp. malagasyensis	Peterson, Eger, and Mitchell 1995	SUBSPECIES		malagasyensis	somalicus		Neoromicia	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802282	Neoromicia somalicus subsp. ugandae	Hollister 1916	SUBSPECIES		ugandae	somalicus		Neoromicia	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802283	Neoromicia tenuipinnis	Peters 1872	SPECIES			tenuipinnis		Neoromicia	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1872 p.263		ater  J. A. Allen, 1917; bicolor Bocage, 1889.	Senegal to Kenya and Ethiopia, south to Angola and Dem. Rep. Congo.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc) as Eptesicus tenuipinnis.	bicolor (known only from the type locality in Angola) was tentatively included here by Hayman and Hill (1971), but it may be an older name for Hypsugo anchietae; see Koopman (1975) and Hill and Harrison (1987).	White-winged Serotine
13802284	Neoromicia tenuipinnis subsp. tenuipinnis	Peters 1872	SUBSPECIES		tenuipinnis	tenuipinnis		Neoromicia	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1872 p.263		&nbsp; 				
13802285	Neoromicia tenuipinnis subsp. ater	J. A. Allen 1917	SUBSPECIES		ater	tenuipinnis		Neoromicia	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802290	Tylonycteris pachypus	Temminck 1840	SPECIES			pachypus		Tylonycteris	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Monogr. Mamm. vol.2 p.217		aurex  Thomas, 1915; bhaktii Oei, 1960; fulvidus Blyth, 1859; rubidus Thomas, 1915; meyeri Peters, 1872.	Bangladesh, India, Burma, S China, Thailand, Burma, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam to Peninsular Malaysia, Philippines, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Bali (Indonesia); Andaman Isls (India).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997) and Hendrichsen et al. (2001b).	Lesser Bamboo Bat
13802291	Tylonycteris pachypus subsp. pachypus	Temminck 1840	SUBSPECIES		pachypus	pachypus		Tylonycteris	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Monogr. Mamm. vol.2 p.217		&nbsp; 				
13802292	Tylonycteris pachypus subsp. aurex	Thomas 1915	SUBSPECIES		aurex	pachypus		Tylonycteris	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802293	Tylonycteris pachypus subsp. bhaktii	Oei 1960	SUBSPECIES		bhaktii	pachypus		Tylonycteris	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802294	Tylonycteris pachypus subsp. fulvidus	Blyth 1859	SUBSPECIES		fulvidus	pachypus		Tylonycteris	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802295	Tylonycteris pachypus subsp. meyeri	Peters 1872	SUBSPECIES		meyeri	pachypus		Tylonycteris	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802296	Tylonycteris robustula	Thomas 1915	SPECIES			robustula		Tylonycteris	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.15 p.227		malayana  Chasen, 1940.	NE India, Burma, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, S China to the Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Java, Bali, Borneo, and Ambon Isl (Moluccas).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes malayana; see Medway (1969). Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997) and Hendrichsen et al. (2001b).	Greater Bamboo Bat
13802297	Tylonycteris robustula subsp. robustula	Thomas 1915	SUBSPECIES		robustula	robustula		Tylonycteris	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.15 p.227		&nbsp; 				
13802298	Tylonycteris robustula subsp. malayana	Chasen 1940	SUBSPECIES		malayana	robustula		Tylonycteris	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802299	Vespadelus	Troughton 1943	GENUS					Vespadelus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Furred animals of Australia, 1st ed., Sydney: Angus and Robertson p.349	Scotophilus pumilus Gray, 1841.	Registrellus  Troughton, 1943.			Vespadelus was first published as a nomen nudum (no accompanying diagnosis) by Iredale and Troughton (1934); the name was made available by Troughton (1943), who provided a diagnosis. Often included in Pipistrellus (e.g., Hill and Harrison, 1987) or Eptesicus (e.g., Adams et al., 1987; Kitchener et al., 1987; Koopman, 1993, 1994; McKean et al., 1978), but see Volleth and Tidemann (1991) and Volleth and Heller (1994). Revised by Kitchener et al. (1987); see also Adams et al. (1987) and Queale (1997). Species groups follow Kitchener et al. (1987).	
13802300	Vespadelus baverstocki	Kitchener, Jones, and Caputi 1987	SPECIES			baverstocki		Vespadelus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Rec. West. Aust. Mus. vol.13 p.481			C and S Australia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc) as Eptesicus baverstocki.	pumilus species group. Included in vulturnus by Koopman (1994), but see Kitchener at al. (1987) and Queale (1997).	Baverstock's Forest Bat
13802301	Vespadelus caurinus	Thomas 1914	SPECIES			caurinus		Vespadelus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.13 p.439			N Australia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt) as Eptesicus caurinus.	caurinus species group. Included in pumilus by McKean et al. (1978) and Koopman (1993, 1994), but see Kitchener et al. (1987) and Adams et al. (1987).	Western Cave Bat
13802302	Vespadelus darlingtoni	G. M. Allen 1933	SPECIES			darlingtoni		Vespadelus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	J. Mammal. vol.14 p.150		sagittula  McKean, Richards, and Price, 1978.	SE Australia, including Tasmania and Lord Howe Isl.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc) as Eptesicus darlingtoni.	pumilus species group. See Kitchener et al. (1987) for discussion of synonmy. Adams et al. (1987) and Koopman (1993) used the name sagittula for this taxon, which may include more than one species.	Large Forest Bat
13802303	Vespadelus douglasorum	Kitchener 1976	SPECIES			douglasorum		Vespadelus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Rec. West. Aust. Mus. vol.4 p.295, 296			Kimberley (N Western Australia).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt) as Eptesicus douglasorum.	caurinus species group. Originally described as douglasi but emended by Kitchener et al. (1987).	Yellow-lipped Bat
13802304	Vespadelus finlaysoni	Kitchener, Jones, and Caputi 1987	SPECIES			finlaysoni		Vespadelus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Rec. West, Aust. Mus. vol.13 p.456			Western and central Australia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc) as Eptesicus finlaysoni.	caurinus species group. Included in pumilus by Koopman (1993, 1994), but see Kitchener et al. (1987) and Queale (1997).	Finlayson's Forest Bat
13802320	Antrozous	H. Allen 1862	GENUS					Antrozous	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. vol.14 p.248	Vespertilio pallidus Le Conte, 1856.				Does not include Bauerus; see Engstrom and Wilson (1981) and Engstrom et al. (1987b), but also see Pine et al. (1971).	
13802624	Miniopterus schreibersii subsp. orianae	Thomas 1922	SUBSPECIES		orianae	schreibersii		Miniopterus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802305	Vespadelus pumilus	Gray 1841	SPECIES			pumilus		Vespadelus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Appendix C in J. Two Exped. Austr. vol.2 p.406			Eastern Australia, Lord Howe Isl.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc) as Eptesicus pumilus.	pumilus species group. Does not include caurinus, darlingtoni, finlaysoni and troughtoni; see Kitchener et al. (1987), Adams et al. (1987), and Queale (1997). Many specimens attributed to this species by McKean et al. (1978) were later referred to troughtoni by Kitchener et al. (1987). See Flannery (1995b).	Eastern Forest Bat
13802306	Vespadelus regulus	Thomas 1906	SPECIES			regulus		Vespadelus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1906 p.470, 471			SW and SE Australia, including Tasmania.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc) as Eptesicus regulus.	pumilus species group. See McKean et al. (1978), Kitchener et al. (1987), and Queale (1997).	Southern Forest Bat
13802307	Vespadelus troughtoni	Kitchener, Jones, and Caputi 1987	SPECIES			troughtoni		Vespadelus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Rec. West. Aust. Mus. vol.13 p.467			E Australia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc) as Eptesicus troughtoni.	caurinus species group. Included in pumilus by Koopman (1993, 1994), but see Kitchener et al. (1987).	Troughton's Forest Bat
13802308	Vespadelus vulturnus	Thomas 1914	SPECIES			vulturnus		Vespadelus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.13 p.440		pygmaeus  Becker, 1858 [not Leach, 1825].	SE Australia including Tasmania.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc) as Eptesicus vulturnus.	pumilus species group. Includes pygmaeus; see McKean et al. (1978). Does not include baverstocki; see Kitchener et al. (1987) and Queale (1997). This complex may include more than one species; see Adams et al. (1987).	Little Forest Bat
13802309	Vespertilio	Linnaeus 1758	GENUS					Vespertilio	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.31	Vespertilio murinus Linnaeus, 1758.	Aristippe  Kolenati, 1863; Marsipolaemus Peters, 1872; Meteorus Kolenati, 1856; Vesperugo Keyserling and Blasius, 1839; Vesperus Keyserling and Blasius, 1839 [not Latreille, 1829].				
13802310	Vespertilio murinus	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			murinus		Vespertilio	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.32		albigularis  Peters, 1872; discolor Kuhl, 1819; krascheninnikovi Eversmann, 1853; luteus Kastschenko, 1905; michnoi Kastschenko, 1913; siculus Daday, 1885; ussuriensis Wallin, 1969.	E France, Britain, and Norway across C Russia, Caucasus, S Ural, S Siberia, Ussuri region (Russia), Mongolia, NE China, and Korea; Bulgaria, Turkey, Iran, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, E Afghanistan and N Pakistan.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997), Horácek et al. (2000), and Baagøe (2001b).	Particolored Bat
13802311	Vespertilio murinus subsp. murinus	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		murinus	murinus		Vespertilio	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.32						
13802312	Vespertilio murinus subsp. ussuriensis	Wallin 1969	SUBSPECIES		ussuriensis	murinus		Vespertilio	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802313	Vespertilio sinensis	Peters 1880	SPECIES			sinensis		Vespertilio	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Monatsber. K. Preuss. Acad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1880 p.259		aurijunctus  Mori, 1928; montanus Kishida, 1931 [not Barrett-Hamilton, 1906; substitute for noctula Namie, 1889]; motoyoshii Kuroda, 1934 [substitute for montanus Kishida, 1931]; superans Thomas, 1899; andersoni Wallin, 1963; namiyei Kuroda, 1920; noctula Namie, 1889 [not Schreber, 1774]; orientalis Wallin, 1969.	China, Ussuri region (Russia), Korea, Japan, Taiwan.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc) as Vespertilio superans.	Includes nameiyei and orientalis; see Yoshiyuki (1989) and Horácek (1997). The name superans was commonly applied to this taxon until Horácek (1997) demonstrated that sinensis (erroneously grouped in Nyctalus in previous classifications) is the oldest name for the species.	Asian Particolored Bat
13802314	Vespertilio sinensis subsp. sinensis	Peters 1880	SUBSPECIES		sinensis	sinensis		Vespertilio	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Monatsber. K. Preuss. Acad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1880 p.259						
13802315	Vespertilio sinensis subsp. andersoni	Wallin 1963	SUBSPECIES		andersoni	sinensis		Vespertilio	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802316	Vespertilio sinensis subsp. namiyei	Kuroda 1920	SUBSPECIES		namiyei	sinensis		Vespertilio	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802317	Vespertilio sinensis subsp. noctula	Namie 1889	SUBSPECIES		noctula	sinensis		Vespertilio	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	[not Schreber, 1774]						
13802318	Vespertilio sinensis subsp. orientalis	Wallin 1969	SUBSPECIES		orientalis	sinensis		Vespertilio	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802319	Antrozoinae	Miller 1897	SUBFAMILY						Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	North American Fauna vol.13 p.41					Simmons (1998) raised this group to family level and moved it to Molossoidea, but recent studies based on DNA sequence data (e.g., Hoofer and Van Den Bussche, 2001) indicate that Antrozous belongs in Vespertilionidae, a placement in line with more traditional classifications (e.g., Hill and Smith, 1984; Koopman, 1993, 1994; McKenna and Bell, 1997; Miller, 1897). This group may nest within Vespertilioninae, but its placement remains unclear; accordingly, it is here retained as a distinct subfamily pending further study.	
13802321	Antrozous pallidus	Le Conte 1856	SPECIES			pallidus		Antrozous	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. vol.7 p.437		cantwelli  V. Bailey, 1936; bunkeri Hibbard, 1934; koopmani Orr and Silva-Taboada, 1960; minor Miller, 1902; obscurus Baker, 1967; pacificus Merriam, 1897; packardi Martin and Schmidly, 1982.	Queretaro and Baja California (Mexico) to Kansas (USA) and British Columbia (Canada); Cuba.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes bunkeri; see Morse and Glass (1960). Includes koopmani; see Martin and Schmidly (1982). See Hermanson and O'Shea (1983).	Pallid Bat
13802322	Antrozous pallidus subsp. pallidus	Le Conte 1856	SUBSPECIES		pallidus	pallidus		Antrozous	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. vol.7 p.437						
13802323	Antrozous pallidus subsp. bunkeri	Hibbard 1934	SUBSPECIES		bunkeri	pallidus		Antrozous	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802324	Antrozous pallidus subsp. koopmani	Orr and Silva-Taboada 1960	SUBSPECIES		koopmani	pallidus		Antrozous	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802325	Antrozous pallidus subsp. minor	Miller 1902	SUBSPECIES		minor	pallidus		Antrozous	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802326	Antrozous pallidus subsp. obscurus	Baker 1967	SUBSPECIES		obscurus	pallidus		Antrozous	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802327	Antrozous pallidus subsp. pacificus	Merriam 1897	SUBSPECIES		pacificus	pallidus		Antrozous	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802328	Antrozous pallidus subsp. packardi	Martin and Schmidly 1982	SUBSPECIES		packardi	pallidus		Antrozous	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802329	Bauerus	Van Gelder 1959	GENUS					Bauerus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Amer. Mus. Novit. vol.1973 p.1	Antrozous dubiaquercus Van Gelder, 1959.				For use of this name see Engstrom and Wilson (1981) and Engstrom et al. (1987), but also see Pine et al. (1971).	
13802355	Myotis ater subsp. ater	Peters 1866	SUBSPECIES		ater	ater		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1866 p.18						
13802330	Bauerus dubiaquercus	Van Gelder 1959	SPECIES			dubiaquercus		Bauerus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.1973 p.2		meyeri  Pine, 1966.	Trés Marias Isls, Jalisco, Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Chiapas (Mexico); Belize; Honduras, Costa Rica.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable as Antrozous dubiaquercus.	Includes Baeodon meyeri; see Pine (1967) and Engstrom and Wilson (1981). See Engstrom et al. (1987b). See Emmons (1997) for distribution map.	Van Gelder's Bat
13802331	Myotinae	Tate 1942	SUBFAMILY						Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.80 p.229					Originally named as a tribe within Vespertilioninae; raised to subfamily level by Simmons (1998) following the suggestion of Volleth and Heller (1994). May not be monophyletic; see Hoofer and Van Den Bussche (2001).	
13802332	Cistugo	Thomas 1912	GENUS					Cistugo	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.10 p.205	Myotis seabrai Thomas, 1912.				Formerly included in Myotis by most authors (e.g., Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; Hayman and Hill, 1971; Koopman, 1993, 1994), but see Rautenbach et al. (1993).	
13802333	Cistugo lesueuri	Roberts 1919	SPECIES			lesueuri		Cistugo	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Transv. Mus. vol.6 p.112			S South Africa; Lesotho.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable as Myotis lesueuri.	For distribution map see Taylor (2000a).	Lesueur's Wing-gland Bat
13802334	Cistugo seabrae	Thomas 1912	SPECIES			seabrae		Cistugo	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.10 p.205			Northern Cape Prov. (South Africa), Namibia, SW Angola.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable as Myotis seabrai.	For distribution map see Taylor (2000a). Sometimes spelled "seabrai", but the original spelling is seabrae.	Angolan Wing-gland Bat
13802335	Lasionycteris	Peters 1866	GENUS					Lasionycteris	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1866 p.8	Vespertilio noctivagans Le Conte, 1831.	Vesperides  Coues, 1875.				
13802336	Lasionycteris noctivagans	Le Conte 1831	SPECIES			noctivagans		Lasionycteris	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	In McMurtie, Anim. Kingdom vol.1(App.) p.431		pulverlentus  Temminck, 1840.	S Canada, USA (including SE Alaska, and except extreme southern parts), NE Mexico, Bermuda.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	See Kunz (1982).	Silver-haired Bat
13802349	Myotis altarium	Thomas 1911	SPECIES			altarium		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1911 90 p.3			Szechwan, Kweichow (China), Thailand.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Redescribed by Blood and McFarlane (1988).	Szechwan Myotis
13802350	Myotis anjouanensis	Dorst 1960	SPECIES			anjouanensis		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat., ser. 2 vol.31 p.476			Anjouan Isl (Comoro Isls).	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Usually included in goudoti, but appears to be distinct; see Peterson et al. (1995).	Anjouan Myotis
13802351	Myotis annamiticus	Kruskop and Tsytsulina 2001	SPECIES			annamiticus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Mammalia vol.65 p.65			Vietnam.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated (new species); not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Known only from the type locality. Most similar to csorbai.	Annamit Myotis
13802423	Myotis fortidens	Miller and Allen 1928	SPECIES			fortidens		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus. vol.144 p.54		cinnamomeus  Miller, 1902 [not Wagner, 1855]; sonoriensis Findley and Jones, 1967.	Sonora and Veracruz (Mexico) to Guatemala.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).		Cinnamon Myotis
13802337	Myotis	Kaup 1829	GENUS					Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Skizz. Entwickel.-Gesch. Nat. Syst. Europ. Thierwelt vol.1 p.106	Vespertilio myotis Borkhausen, 1797.	Aeorestes  Fitzinger, 1870; Anamygdon Troughton, 1929; Brachyotis Kolenati, 1856 [not Gould, 1837]; Capaccinus Bonaparte, 1841; Chrysopteron Jentink, 1910; Comastes Fitzinger, 1870; Dichromyotis Bianchi, 1916; Euvespertilio Acloque, 1899; Exochurus Fitzinger, 1870; Hesperomyotis Cabrera, 1958; Isotus Kolenate, 1856; Leuconoe Boie, 1830; Megapipistrellus Bianchi, 1917; Nyctactes Kaup, 1829; Paramyotis Bianchi, 1916; Pizonyx Miller, 1906; Pternopterus Peters, 1867; Rickettia Bianchi, 1916; Selysius Bonaparte, 1841; Tralatitus Gervais, 1849; Trilatitus Gray, 1842.			For discussion of synonyms see Findley (1972), Hayman and Hill (1971), and Phillips and Birney (1968). Neotropical species revised by LaVal (1973a). Apparently does not include Cistugo; see Rautenbach et al. (1993). Hall (1981) provided a key to North and Central American species; Corbet and Hill (1992) gave a key to Indomalayan species; Bates et al. (1999) provided a key to species found in Vietnam and adjoining countries. Also see Topál (1997) and Stormark (1998). For partial phylogenies see Mayer and von Helversen (2001a), Ruedi and Mayer (2001), and Kawai et al. (2003). These studies have convincingly demonstrated that the three subgenera of Myotis typically recognized (Myotis, Leuconoe, and Selysius) are not monophyletic, but instead represent ecomorphs characterized by convergent morphologies. Menu et al. (2002:320) argued that Leuconoe can be diagnosed as distinct based on dental morphology, and noted that it includes &quot... [truncated]	
13802338	Myotis abei	Yoshikura 1944	SPECIES			abei		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Zool. Mag. (Tokyo) vol.56 p.6			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Data Deficient.	Horácek et al. (2000) suggested that abei might be conspecific with brandtii, but retained these as separate taxa pending additional data.	Sakhalin Myotis
13802356	Myotis ater subsp. nugax	Allen and Coolidge 1940	SUBSPECIES		nugax	ater		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802339	Myotis adversus	Horsfield 1824	SPECIES			adversus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Zool. Res. Java vol.part 8 p.p. 3(unno.) of Vespertilio Temminckii acct		carimatae  Miller, 1906; orientis Hill, 1983; taiwanensis Ärnbäck-Christie Linde, 1908; tanimbarensis Kitchener, 1995 [in Kitchener et al., 1995b]; wetarensis Kitchener, 1995 (in Kitchener et al., 1995b).	Numerous islands in Indonesia (see Kitchener et al., 1995b); New South Wales; Taiwan; possibly Vietnam and peninsular Malaysia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes taiwanensis; see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951); but see also Findley (1972). Includes carimatae; see Hill (1983). Does not include macropus, moluccarum, or solomonis; see Kitchener et al. (1995b), who revised this complex, but also see Churchill (1998). Vietnamese records are dubious; see Bates et al. (1999). Subspecies affinities of a specimen from New South Wales are unclear; see Kitchener et al. (1995b).	Large-footed Myotis
13802340	Myotis adversus subsp. adversus	Horsfield 1824	SUBSPECIES		adversus	adversus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Zool. Res. Java vol.part 8 p.p. 3(unno.) of Vespertilio Temminckii acct		&nbsp; 				
13802341	Myotis adversus subsp. carimatae	Miller 1906	SUBSPECIES		carimatae	adversus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802342	Myotis adversus subsp. orientis	Hill 1983	SUBSPECIES		orientis	adversus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802343	Myotis adversus subsp. taiwanensis	Ärnbäck-Christie Linde 1908	SUBSPECIES		taiwanensis	adversus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802344	Myotis adversus subsp. tanimbarensis	Kitchener 1995	SUBSPECIES		tanimbarensis	adversus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	[in Kitchener et al., 1995b]						
13802345	Myotis adversus subsp. wetarensis	Kitchener 1995	SUBSPECIES		wetarensis	adversus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	[in Kitchener et al., 1995b]						
13802346	Myotis aelleni	Baud 1979	SPECIES			aelleni		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Rev. Suisse Zool. vol.86 p.268			SW Argentina.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	May not be distinct from chiloensis; see Pearson and Pearson (1989), but also see Barquez et al. (1993).	Southern Myotis
13802347	Myotis albescens	E. Geoffroy 1806	SPECIES			albescens		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.8 p.204		argentatus  Dalquest and Hall, 1947; isidori DOrbigny and Gervais, 1847; leucogaster Schinz, 1821.	S Veracruz (Mexico), Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Surinam, Equador, Peru, Brazil, Uruguay, N Argentina, Paraguay, and Bolivia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes argentatus; see LaVal (1973a). Reviewed in part by López-González et al. (2001). Does not include aenobarbus, which is here placed in Nycticeius following Carter and Dolan (1978); also see Husson (1962). Although I follow Koopman (1993) in listing isidori as a synonym, there are serious problems with idenfication of the holotype; see Carter and Dolan (1978), who suggested that this name might actually belong in Pipistrellus. Does not include mundus; see LaVal (1973a). Apparently closely related to nigricans, levis, and oxyotus; see Ruedi and Mayer (2001).	Silver-tipped Myotis
13802348	Myotis alcathoe	von Helversen and Heller 2001	SPECIES			alcathoe		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	In von Helversen, Heller, Mayer, Nemeth, Volleth, and Gombkötö, Naturwissenschaften vol.88 p.217			Greece, Hungary, France. Specimens from Bulgaria, Romania, and Ukraine previsously reported as ikonnikovi might represent alcathoe (von Helveren et al., 2001).	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated (new species); not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	See Ruedi et al. (2002).	Alcathoe Myotis
13802364	Myotis blythii subsp. blythii	Tomes 1857	SUBSPECIES		blythii	blythii		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1857 p.53						
13802352	Myotis annectans	Dobson 1871	SPECIES			annectans		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal p.213		primula  Thomas, 1920.	NE India to Burma, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Includes primula; see Topál (1970b), who transfered the species from Pipistrellus. Reviewed by Bates and Harrison (1997); also see Hendrichsen et al. (2001a) and Lunde et al. (2003a).	Hairy-faced Myotis
13802353	Myotis atacamensis	Lataste 1892	SPECIES			atacamensis		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Actes Soc. Sci. Chile vol.1 p.80		nicholsoni  Sanborn, 1941.	S Peru, N Chile.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	Listed as a subspecies of chiloensis by Cabrera (1958). Includes nicholsoni; see LaVal (1973a).	Atacaman Myotis
13802354	Myotis ater	Peters 1866	SPECIES			ater		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1866 p.18		amboinensis  Peters, 1866; nugax Allen and Coolidge, 1940.	Vietnam, W Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Sulawesi, Togian Isl, N Borneo, Moluccas, Papua New Guinea, possibly Philippines and Australia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc) as Myotis atra (misspelled).	Formerly included in muricola, but see Hill (1983), Corbet and Hill (1992), Bates et al. (1999), and Hendrichsen et al. (2001). Revised by Francis and Hill (1998). Specimens from Peninsular Malaysia were tentatively referred to ater by Francis and Hill (1998) but may represent another species. There is apparently only one species of "muricola type" Myotis in the Philippines, but it is not yet clear if this taxon is ater or muricola (L. Heaney, pers. comm.); the same is probably also true of the Moluccas (K. Helgen, pers. comm.). May include australis; see Hill (1983). Also see Flannery (1995b).	Peters's Myotis
13802357	Myotis auriculus	Baker and Stains 1955	SPECIES			auriculus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.9 p.83		apache  Hoffmeister and Krutzsch, 1955.	Arizona and New Mexico (USA) to Jalisco and Veracruz (Mexico); Guatemala.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Listed as a subspecies of evotis by Hall and Kelson (1959), but see Genoways and Jones (1969b), Hall (1981), and Gannon (1998). See Warner (1982). Woodman (1993) argued that the correct spelling of the specific epithet is auriculacea, but see Pritchard (1994).	Southwestern Myotis
13802358	Myotis auriculus subsp. auriculus	Baker and Stains 1955	SUBSPECIES		auriculus	auriculus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.9 p.83		&nbsp; 				
13802359	Myotis auriculus subsp. apache	Hoffmeister and Krutzsch 1955	SUBSPECIES		apache	auriculus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802360	Myotis australis	Dobson 1878	SPECIES			australis		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Cat. Chiroptera Brit. Mus. p.317			New South Wales, possibly Western Australia (Australia).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Data Deficient.	Poorly known, the holotype and only certain specimen possibly being incorrectly labelled, or a vagrant individual of muricola (Husson, 1970). A specimen from NW Australia may belong in this species (Koopman, 1984c). Hill (1983) considered australis a subspecies of ater.	Australian Myotis
13802361	Myotis austroriparius	Rhoads 1897	SPECIES			austroriparius		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. vol.49 p.227		gatesi  Lowery, 1943; mumfordi Rice, 1955.	SE USA including Florida, north to Indiana and North Carolina, west to Texas and SE Oklahoma.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by LaVal (1970). See Jones and Manning (1989).	Southeastern Myotis
13802362	Myotis bechsteinii	Kuhl 1817	SPECIES			bechsteinii		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Die Deutschen Fledermäuse. Hanau p.14, 30		favonicus  Thomas, 1906; ghidinii Fatio, 1902.	Europe to Caucasus and Iran; Bulgaria; England; S Sweden.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	For discussion of correct spelling (bechsteinii, not bechsteini) see Bogdanowicz and Kock (1998). Apparently closely related to daubentonii; see Ruedi and Mayer (2001). Reviewed by Horácek et al. (2000) and Baagøe (2001a).	Bechstein's Myotis
13802363	Myotis blythii	Tomes 1857	SPECIES			blythii		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1857 p.53		africanus  Dobson, 1875 [actually from Kasmir, N India]; dobsoni Trouessart, 1878; murinoides Dobson, 1873 [not Lartet, 1851]; ancilla Thomas, 1910; lesviacus Iliopoulou, 1984; omari Thomas, 1906; risorius Cheesman, 1921.	Turkey and Israel to Iraq and Iran; NW India and the Himalayas; NW Altai Mtns; Inner Mongolia and Shensi (China).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	For discussion of synonyms see Strelkov (1972), Felten et al. (1977), Corbet (1978c), Bogan et al. (1978), and Horácek et al. (2000). Middle Eastern records reviewed by Harrison and Bates (1991), Palearctic records by Horácek et al. (2000). Does not include oxygnathus and punicus, which together with blythii form a paraphyletic assemblage that includes myotis; see Ruedi and Mayer (2001). In order to restrict all species to potentially monophyletic groups of populations, oxygnathus and punicus are here treated as separate species. It is possible that ancilla, lesviacus, and/or omari may also be distinct, but these are here retained in blythii pending further study. Zhang Yongzu et al. (1997) included ancilla in myotis, but this is apparently incorrect; see Horácek et al. (2000).	Lesser Mouse-eared Myotis
13802368	Myotis bocagii	Peters 1870	SPECIES			bocagii		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	J. Sci. Math. Phys. Nat. Lisboa, ser. 1 vol.3 p.125		hildegardeae  Thomas, 1904; cupreolus Thomas, 1904; dogalensis Monticelli, 1887.	Senegal and Liberia to S Yemen, south to Angola, Zambia, Malawi, and NE South Africa.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes dogalensis; see Corbet (1978c). Reviewed in part by Harrison and Bates (1991). Misspelled bocagei by some authors, see Bogdanowicz and Kock (1998).	Rufous Myotis
13802369	Myotis bocagii subsp. bocagii	Peters 1870	SUBSPECIES		bocagii	bocagii		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	J. Sci. Math. Phys. Nat. Lisboa, ser. 1 vol.3 p.125						
13802370	Myotis bocagii subsp. cupreolus	Thomas 1904	SUBSPECIES		cupreolus	bocagii		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802371	Myotis bocagii subsp. dogalensis	Monticelli 1887	SUBSPECIES		dogalensis	bocagii		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802372	Myotis bombinus	Thomas 1905 "1906"	SPECIES			bombinus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1905 2 p.337		amurensis  Ognev, 1927.	Japan, Korea, SE Siberia, NE China.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Formerly included in nattereri, but see Horácek and Hanák (1984) and Kawai et al. (2003). Includes amurensis; see Yoon (1990) and Horácek et al. (2000), but also see Yoshiyuki (1989).	Far Eastern Myotis
13802373	Myotis bombinus subsp. bombinus	Thomas 1905 "1906"	SUBSPECIES		bombinus	bombinus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1905 2 p.337		&nbsp; 				
13802374	Myotis bombinus subsp. amurensis	Ognev 1927	SUBSPECIES		amurensis	bombinus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802403	Myotis emarginatus subsp. emarginatus	E. Geoffroy 1806	SUBSPECIES		emarginatus	emarginatus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.8 p.198						
13802375	Myotis brandtii	Eversmann 1845	SPECIES			brandtii		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscow vol.18 1 p.505		aureus  Koch, 1865; coluotus Kostron, 1943; sibiricus Kastschenko, 1905; gracilis Ognev, 1927.	Britain south to Italy, Greece, and Bulgaria; east to Kazakhstan and Mongolia, E Siberia including Sakhalin Isls, Kamchatka Peninsula and Kurile Isls; Ussuri region (Russia); Korea.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Listed as a subspecies of mystacinus by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), but see Strelkov and Buntova (1982) and Benda and Tsytsulina (2000). Does not include fujiensis, see Yoshiyuki (1989), Benda and Tsytsulina (2000), and Horácek et al. (2000). Includes gracilis, see Benda and Tsytsulina (2000), but also see Yoshiyuki (1989). Horácek et al. (2000) provisionally treated gracilis as distinct from brandtii and fujiensis pending further study. See also Yoon and Son (1989). Sometimes misspelled brandti, but brandtii is the original spelling.	Brandt's Myotis
13802376	Myotis brandtii subsp. brandtii	Eversmann 1845	SUBSPECIES		brandtii	brandtii		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscow vol.18 1 p.505						
13802377	Myotis brandtii subsp. gracilis	Ognev 1927	SUBSPECIES		gracilis	brandtii		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802378	Myotis bucharensis	Kuzyakin 1950	SPECIES			bucharensis		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Letuchieye myschi, Izd. Sovetskaya Nauk, Moscow p.286			Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Afghanistan.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Formerly included in frater, but clearly distinct; see Horacek et al. (2000) and Tsytsulina and Strelkov (2001).	Bocharic Myotis
13802379	Myotis californicus	Audubon and Bachman 1842	SPECIES			californicus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., ser. 1 vol.8 p.285		exilis  H. Allen, 1866; nitidus H. Allen, 1862; oregonensis H. Allen, 1864; quercinus H. W. Grinnell, 1914; tenuidorsalis H. Allen, 1866; caurinus Miller, 1897; mexicanus Saussure, 1860; agilis H. Allen, 1866; stephensi Dalquest, 1946; pallidus Stephens, 1900 [not Blyth, 1863].	S Alaska Panhandle (USA) to Baja California and higher elevations in the Sonoran and Chihuahuan deserts (Mexico); Guatemala.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	See Miller and Allen (1928) for discussion of the holotype. Reviewed in part by Yancey (1997). Subspecies are poorly delimited.	Californian Myotis
13802380	Myotis californicus subsp. californicus	Audubon and Bachman 1842	SUBSPECIES		californicus	californicus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., ser. 1 vol.8 p.285						
13802381	Myotis californicus subsp. caurinus	Miller 1897	SUBSPECIES		caurinus	californicus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802382	Myotis californicus subsp. mexicanus	Saussure 1860	SUBSPECIES		mexicanus	californicus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802383	Myotis californicus subsp. stephensi	Dalquest 1946	SUBSPECIES		stephensi	californicus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802384	Myotis capaccinii	Bonaparte 1837	SPECIES			capaccinii		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Fauna Ital. vol.1 p.fasc. 20		blasii  Kolenati, 1860; bureschi Heinrich, 1936; dasypus de Selys Longchamps, 1841; majori Ninni, 1878; megapodius Temminck, 1840; pellucens Crespon, 1844.	Mediterranean zone and islands of Europe and NW Africa; Bulgaria; Turkey; Israel; Iraq; Iran; Uzbekistan.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	See comment under macrodactylus. Does not include fimbriatus; see Corbet (1978c) and Corbet and Hill (1992). Reviewed in part by Harrison and Bates (1991), Horácek et al. (2000), and Alayrak and Asan (2002).	Long-fingered Myotis
13802424	Myotis fortidens subsp. fortidens	Miller and Allen 1928	SUBSPECIES		fortidens	fortidens		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus. vol.144 p.54						
13802385	Myotis chiloensis	Waterhouse 1840	SPECIES			chiloensis		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Zool. Voy. H.M.S. "Beagle", Mammalia p.5		arescens  Osgood, 1943; atacamensis Miller and Allen, 1928 [not Lataste, 1892]; gayi Lataste, 1892.	C and S Chile; Argentina.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	See LaVal (1973a) for restriction of the scope of this species. May include aelleni; see Pearson and Pearson (1989), but also see Barquez et al. (1993).	Chilean Myotis
13802386	Myotis chinensis	Tomes 1857	SPECIES			chinensis		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1857 p.52		luctuosus  Allen, 1923.	Szechwan and Yunnan to Kiangsu (China); Hong Kong; N Thailand; Burma; Vietnam.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Included in the species myotis by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) and Zhang Yongzu et al. (1997), but see Lekagul and McNeely (1977), Corbet (1978c), Horácek et al. (2000), and Kawai et al. (2003). Reviewed by Bates et al. (1999). Two subspecies are sometimes recognized, but these do not adequately correspond to known variation in the species; see Bates et al. (1999) and Hendrichsen et al. (2001b).	Large Myotis
13802387	Myotis ciliolabrum	Merriam 1886	SPECIES			ciliolabrum		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.4 p.2			S Alberta and Saskatchewan (Canada) south through E Colorado and W Kansas (USA).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Formerly included in leibii (for which Hall [1981] used the name subulatus), but see van Zyll de Jong (1984). Does not include melanorhinus; see van Zyll de Jong (1984). Reviewed by Holloway and Barclay (2001), but note that they included melanorhinus as a subspecies of ciliolabrum.	Western Small-footed Myotis
13802389	Myotis csorbai	Topál 1997	SPECIES			csorbai		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Acta Zool. Acad. Scient. Hungaricae vol.43 4 p.377			Nepal.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Data Deficient.	Distinct from longipes; see Topál (1997).	Csorba's Mouse-eared Myotis
13802390	Myotis dasycneme	Boie 1825	SPECIES			dasycneme		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Isis Jena p.1200		ferrugineus  Temminck, 1840 [not Brehm, 1827]; limnophilus Temminck, 1839; major Ognev and Worobiev, 1923; mystacinus Boie, 1823 [not Kuhl, 1819]; surinamensis Husson, 1962 [replacement name for ferrugineus Temminck, 1840].	France and Sweden east to Yenisei River (Russia), south to Ukraine, NW Kazakhstan; a single record from Manchuria (China).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	Probably includes surinamensis; see Carter and Dolan (1978).	Pond Myotis
13802391	Myotis daubentonii	Kuhl 1817	SPECIES			daubentonii		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Die Deutschen Fledermäuse. Hanau p.14		aedilus  Jenyns, 1839; albus Fitzinger, 1871; capucinellus Fitzinger, 1871; lanatus Crespon, 1844; minutellus Fitzinger, 1871; staufferi Fatio, 1890; chasanensis Tiunov, 1997; loukashkini Shamel, 1942; nathalinae Tupinier, 1977; petax Hollister, 1912; ussuriensis Ognev, 1927; volgensis Eversmann, 1840.	Europe (including Britain and Ireland; Scandinavia) east to Kamtschatka, Vladivostok, Sakhalin and Kurile Isls (Russia), Japan, Korea, Manchuria, N and E China (including Tibet), Vietnam.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes nathalinae; see Horácek and Hanák (1984), Fairon (1985), Mayer and von Helversen (2001a), and Ruedi and Mayer (2001). Reviewed in part by Yoshiyuki (1989), Yoon (1990), Bates and Harrison (1997), Bates et al. (1999), and Horácek et al. (2000). Does not appear to include laniger; see Topál (1997) and Bates et al. (1999), though also see Corbet and Hill (1992). For discussion of correct spelling see Bogdanowicz and Kock (1998). See Bogdanowicz (1994), but note that laniger was included in daubentonii in that publication. Apparently closely related to bechsteinii; see Ruedi and Mayer (2001). Subspecies limits are problematic, see Bogdanowicz (1994), Horácek et al. (2000), and Kruskop (2002). Genetic studies suggest that this complex includes more than one species, with at least some Russian and Japanese specimens representing a taxon distinct from the European form (Kawai et al., 2003).	Daubenton's Myotis
13802392	Myotis daubentonii subsp. daubentonii	Kuhl 1817	SUBSPECIES		daubentonii	daubentonii		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Die Deutschen Fledermäuse. Hanau p.14						
13802393	Myotis daubentonii subsp. chasanensis	Tiunov 1997	SUBSPECIES		chasanensis	daubentonii		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802394	Myotis daubentonii subsp. loukashkini	Shamel 1942	SUBSPECIES		loukashkini	daubentonii		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802395	Myotis daubentonii subsp. nathalinae	Tupinier 1977	SUBSPECIES		nathalinae	daubentonii		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802396	Myotis daubentonii subsp. petax	Hollister 1912	SUBSPECIES		petax	daubentonii		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802397	Myotis daubentonii subsp. ussuriensis	Ognev 1927	SUBSPECIES		ussuriensis	daubentonii		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802398	Myotis daubentonii subsp. volgensis	Eversmann 1840	SUBSPECIES		volgensis	daubentonii		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802399	Myotis davidii	Peters 1869	SPECIES			davidii		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1869 p.402			N China.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Formerly included in mystacinus but apparently distinct; see Pavlinov et al. (1995b) and Kawai et al. (2003).	Davids Myotis
13802400	Myotis dominicensis	Miller 1902	SPECIES			dominicensis		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.15 p.243			Dominica, Guadeloupe.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	Listed as a subspecies of nigricans by Hall and Kelson (1959), but see LaVal (1973a) and Hall (1981). Reviewed by Masson and Breuil (1992). Apparently closely related to velifer and yumanensis; see Ruedi and Mayer (2001).	Dominican Myotis
13802401	Myotis elegans	Hall 1962	SPECIES			elegans		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.14 p.163-164			San Luis Potosi (Mexico) to Costa Rica.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).		Elegant Myotis
13802402	Myotis emarginatus	E. Geoffroy 1806	SPECIES			emarginatus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.8 p.198		budapestiensis  Margo, 1880; ciliatus Blasius, 1853; kuzyakini Pavilnov, 1979 [replacement name for saturatus Kuzyakin, 1934]; neglectus Fatio, 1890; rufescens Crespon 1844 [not Brehm, 1829]; saturatus Kuzyakin, 1934 [not Miller, 1897]; schrankii Kolenati, 1856 [nomen nudum; not schranki Wagner, 1843]; desertorum Dobson, 1875; lanaceus Thomas, 1920; turcomanicus Bobrinskii, 1925.	S Europe, north to Netherlands and S Poland, Crimea, Caucasus and Kopet Dag Mtns, east and south to Israel, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Oman, E Iran, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Afghanistan; Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	Reviewed in part by Harrison and Bates (1991); also see Gaucher (1995) and Horácek et al. (2000). Apparently closely related to welwitschii; see Ruedi and Mayer (2001).	Geoffroy's Myotis
13802433	Myotis grisescens	A. H. Howell 1909	SPECIES			grisescens		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.22 p.46			Florida Panhandle to Kentucky, Indiana, Illinois, E Kansas and NE Oklahoma (USA).	U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Endangered.		Gray Myotis
13802406	Myotis evotis	H. Allen 1864	SPECIES			evotis		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Smithson. Misc. Coll. vol.7 p.48		chrysonotus  J. A. Allen, 1896; jonesorum Manning, 1993; micronyx Nelson and Goldman, 1909; milleri Elliot, 1903; pacificus Dalquest, 1943.	S British Columbia, S Alberta, S Saskatchewan (Canada) to New Mexico (USA) and Baja California (Mexico).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001) Lower risk (lc) as M. evotis; Endangered as M. milleri.	See Genoways and Jones (1969b) and Manning and Jones (1989). Includes milleri; see Reducker et al. (1983) and Manning (1993). Does not include auriculus; see Genoways and Jones (1969b), Hall (1981), and Gannon (1998). Revised by Manning (1993).	Long-eared Myotis
13802407	Myotis evotis subsp. evotis	H. Allen 1864	SUBSPECIES		evotis	evotis		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Smithson. Misc. Coll. vol.7 p.48		&nbsp; 				
13802408	Myotis evotis subsp. chrysonotus	J. A. Allen 1896	SUBSPECIES		chrysonotus	evotis		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802409	Myotis evotis subsp. jonesorum	Manning 1993	SUBSPECIES		jonesorum	evotis		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802410	Myotis evotis subsp. micronyx	Nelson and Goldman 1909	SUBSPECIES		micronyx	evotis		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802411	Myotis evotis subsp. milleri	Elliot 1903	SUBSPECIES		milleri	evotis		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802412	Myotis evotis subsp. pacificus	Dalquest 1943	SUBSPECIES		pacificus	evotis		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802413	Myotis fimbriatus	Peters 1870 "1871"	SPECIES			fimbriatus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	In R. Swinhoe, Catalogue of Mammals of China, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1870 p.617		hirsutus  Howell, 1926.	SE China.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Not conspecific with macrodactylus or capaccinii; see Corbet (1978c) and Corbet and Hill (1992).	Fringed Long-footed Myotis
13802414	Myotis findleyi	Bogan 1978	SPECIES			findleyi		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	J. Mammal. vol.59 p.524			Trés Marías Isls (Mexico).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Endangered.		Findley's Myotis
13802415	Myotis formosus	Hodgson 1835	SPECIES			formosus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.4 p.700		andersoni  Trouessart, 1897; auratus Dobson, 1871; dobsoni Anderson, 1881 [not Trouessart, 1878]; pallida Blyth, 1863; bartelsi Jentink, 1910; rufoniger Tomes, 1858; rufopictus Waterhouse, 1845; tsuensis Kuroda, 1922; chofukusei Mori, 1928; watasei Kishida, 1924; flavus Shamel, 1944; weberi Jentink, 1890.	Afghanistan to N India, Nepal, Tibet, Kweichow, Kwangsi, Kiangsu and Fukien (China); Taiwan, Korea, Tsushima Isl (Japan), Malaysia, Philippines, Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and Bali.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc). IUCN 2003  Not evaluated as M. f. bartelsi.	For discussion of synonyms see Findley (1972). Does not include hermani; see Corbet and Hill (1992). Reviewed in part by Yoshiyuki (1989), Yoon (1990), and Bates and Harrison (1997). M. f. rufopictus may represent a distinct species; see Heaney et al. (1998).	Hodgson's Myotis
13802416	Myotis formosus subsp. formosus	Hodgson 1835	SUBSPECIES		formosus	formosus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.4 p.700						
13802417	Myotis formosus subsp. bartelsi	Jentink 1910	SUBSPECIES		bartelsi	formosus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802426	Myotis frater	G. M. Allen 1923	SPECIES			frater		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.85 p.6		eniseensis  Tsytsulina and Strelkov, 2001; kaguyae Imaizumi, 1956; longicaudatus Ognev, 1927.	E Siberia, Ussuri Region, Krasnoyarsk Region (Russia) to Korea, Heilungkiang (China), SE China; Japan.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Includes longicaudatus, see Corbet (1978c) and Tsytsulina and Strelkov (2001). Does not include bucharensis, see Horácek et al. (2000) and Tsytsulina and Strelkov (2001).	Fraternal Myotis
13802427	Myotis frater subsp. frater	G. M. Allen 1923	SUBSPECIES		frater	frater		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.85 p.6		&nbsp; 				
13802428	Myotis frater subsp. eniseensis	Tsytsulina and Strelkov 2001	SUBSPECIES		eniseensis	frater		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802429	Myotis frater subsp. kaguyae	Imaizumi 1956	SUBSPECIES		kaguyae	frater		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802430	Myotis frater subsp. longicaudatus	Ognev 1927	SUBSPECIES		longicaudatus	frater		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802431	Myotis gomantongensis	Francis and Hill 1998	SPECIES			gomantongensis		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Mammalia vol.62 2 p.248			Sabah (Borneo, Malaysia).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Data Deficient.	Based on specimens previously referred to ater by Hill and Francis (1984) and Payne et al. (1985).	Gomantong Myotis
13802432	Myotis goudoti	A. Smith 1834	SPECIES			goudoti		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	S. Afr. Quart. J. vol.2 p.244		madagascariensis  Tomes, 1858; sylvicola A. Grandidier, 1870.	Madagascar.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Does not appear to include anjouanensis; see Peterson et al. (1995).	Malagasy Myotis
13802553	Myotis thysanodes subsp. pahasapensis	Jones and Genoways 1967	SUBSPECIES		pahasapensis	thysanodes		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802434	Myotis hajastanicus	Argyropulo 1939	SPECIES			hajastanicus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Zool. Sbornick vol.1 (Trudy Biol. Inst. 3) p.27			Known only from the Sevan Lake basin in Armenia.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Formerly included in mystacinus, but see Benda and Tsytsulina (2000).	Hajastan Myotis
13802435	Myotis hasseltii	Temminck 1840	SPECIES			hasseltii		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Monogr. Mamm. vol.2 p.225		abboti  Lyon, 1916; continentis Shamel, 1942; berdmorei Blyth, 1863; macellus Temminck, 1840.	E India, Sri Lanka, Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, W Malaysia, Sumatra, Mentawai Isls, Riau Arch., Java, Borneo.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Hill (1983), Bates and Harrison (1997), and Bates et al. (1999). Apparently closely related to macrotarsus and horsfieldii; see Ruedi and Mayer (2001).	Lesser Large-footed Myotis
13802436	Myotis hasseltii subsp. hasseltii	Temminck 1840	SUBSPECIES		hasseltii	hasseltii		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Monogr. Mamm. vol.2 p.225		&nbsp; 				
13802437	Myotis hasseltii subsp. abboti	Lyon 1916	SUBSPECIES		abboti	hasseltii		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802438	Myotis hasseltii subsp. continentis	Shamel 1942	SUBSPECIES		continentis	hasseltii		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802439	Myotis hasseltii subsp. macellus	Temminck 1840	SUBSPECIES		macellus	hasseltii		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802440	Myotis hermani	Thomas 1923	SPECIES			hermani		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.11 p.252			Sumatra (Indonesia).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Data Deficient.	Included in formosus by Findley (1972), but see Corbet and Hill (1992).	Herman's Myotis
13802441	Myotis horsfieldii	Temminck 1840	SPECIES			horsfieldii		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Monogr. Mamm. vol.2 p.226		lepidus  Thomas, 1915; deignani Shamel, 1942; dryas K. Andersen, 1907; jeannei Taylor, 1934; peshwa Thomas, 1915.	India (including Andaman Isls, SE China, Thailand, Burma, Laos, Vietnam, W Malaysia, Java, Bali, Sulawesi, Borneo, Philippines.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Hill (1983), Bates and Harrison (1997), Bates et al. (1999), and Hendrichsen et al. (2001). Apparently closely related to macrotarsus and hasseltii; see Ruedi and Mayer (2001).	Horsfield's Myotis
13802442	Myotis horsfieldii subsp. horsfieldii	Temminck 1840	SUBSPECIES		horsfieldii	horsfieldii		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Monogr. Mamm. vol.2 p.226						
13802443	Myotis horsfieldii subsp. deignani	Shamel 1942	SUBSPECIES		deignani	horsfieldii		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802444	Myotis horsfieldii subsp. dryas	K. Andersen 1907	SUBSPECIES		dryas	horsfieldii		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802445	Myotis horsfieldii subsp. jeannei	Taylor 1934	SUBSPECIES		jeannei	horsfieldii		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802446	Myotis horsfieldii subsp. peshwa	Thomas 1915	SUBSPECIES		peshwa	horsfieldii		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802625	Miniopterus schreibersii subsp. orsinii	Temminck 1840	SUBSPECIES		orsinii	schreibersii		Miniopterus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802447	Myotis hosonoi	Imaizumi 1954	SPECIES			hosonoi		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo, N. S. vol.1 p.44			Honshu (Japan).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	Reviewed by Yoshiyuki (1989), Horácek et al. (2000), and Tsytsulina (2000).	Hosono's Myotis
13802448	Myotis ikonnikovi	Ognev 1912	SPECIES			ikonnikovi		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mus. Zool. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersbourg vol.16 p.477		fujiensis  Imaizumi, 1954.	Ussuri region and N Korea to Lake Baikal (Russia), the Altai Mtns, and Mongolia, NE China; Sakhalin Isl (Russia) and Honshû and Hokkaido Isls (Japan).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Revised by Tsytsulina (2001); also see Corbet (1978c), Yoshiyuki (1989), and Benda and Tsytsulina (2000). Molecular sequence data support placement of fujiensis in ikonnikovi (Kawai et al., 2003).	Ikonnikov's Myotis
13802449	Myotis insularum	Dobson 1878	SPECIES			insularum		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Cat. Chiroptera Brit. Mus. p.313			Samoa.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Data Deficient.	Poorly known, the type and only specimen possibly being incorrectly labelled; see Koopman (1984c).	Insular Myotis
13802450	Myotis keaysi	J. A. Allen 1914	SPECIES			keaysi		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.33 p.383		pilosotibialis  LaVal, 1973.	Tamaulipas (Mexico) to Bolivia, N Argentina, Peru, Ecuador, Venezuela, and Trinidad.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Revised by LaVal (1973a). Apparently closely related to riparius and ruber; see Ruedi and Mayer (2001).	Hairy-legged Myotis
13802451	Myotis keaysi subsp. keaysi	J. A. Allen 1914	SUBSPECIES		keaysi	keaysi		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.33 p.383		&nbsp; 				
13802594	Miniopterus magnater subsp. macrodens	Maeda 1982	SUBSPECIES		macrodens	magnater		Miniopterus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
14000140	Leptailurus serval subsp. hindei	Wroughton 1910	SUBSPECIES		hindei	serval		Leptailurus	Felidae	Carnivora							
13802453	Myotis keenii	Merriam 1895	SPECIES			keenii		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Am. Nat. vol.29 p.860			Alaska Panhandle to W Washington (USA).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Does not include septentrionalis; see van Zyll de Jong (1979) and Caceres and Barclay (2000). See Fitch and Shump (1979), but note that they included septentrionalis.	Keen's Myotis
13802454	Myotis laniger	Peters 1870 "1871"	SPECIES			laniger		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Royal Soc. Lond. vol.3 (1870) p.617			S China including Tibet, Vietnam, E India.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Included in daubentonii by many authors, but see Topál (1997) and Bates et al. (1999).	Chinese Water Myotis
13802455	Myotis leibii	Audubon and Bachman 1842	SPECIES			leibii		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., ser. 1 vol.8 p.284		henshawii  H. Allen, 1894; orinomus Elliot, 1903; winnemana Nelson, 1913.	E North America from S Ontario, S Quebec (Canada), and S Maine (USA) south to Georgia and west to E Oklahoma (USA).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Formerly included ciliolabrum and melanorhinus, but see van Zyll de Jong (1984). An older name for this species may be subulatus Say, 1823; see Glass and Baker (1968). These authors recommended that subulatus should be supressed, but see Hall (1981), who used subulatus instead of leibii for this species. Koopman (1993) disagreed, and suggested that subulatus is probably an older name for yumanensis.	Eastern Small-footed Myotis
13802456	Myotis levis	I. Geoffroy 1824	SPECIES			levis		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool., ser. 1 vol.3 p.444-445		alter  Miller and Allen, 1928; nubilus J. A. Wagner, 1855; polythrix I. Geoffroy, 1824; dinellii I Geoffroy, 1824.	Bolivia, Argentina, SE Brazil, Uruguay.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Included in ruber by Cabrera (1958), but see LaVal (1973a). Reviewed in part by López-González et al. (2001). Apparently closely related to nigricans; see Ruedi and Mayer (2001).	Yellowish Myotis
13802457	Myotis levis subsp. levis	I. Geoffroy 1824	SUBSPECIES		levis	levis		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool., ser. 1 vol.3 p.444-445						
13802458	Myotis levis subsp. dinellii	I Geoffroy 1824	SUBSPECIES		dinellii	levis		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802459	Myotis longipes	Dobson 1873	SPECIES			longipes		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal p.110		macropus  Dobson, 1872 [not Gould, 1854]; megalopus Dobson, 1875.	Afghanistan, NE India, Nepal, possibly Vietnam.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	Included in capaccinii by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), but considered a distinct species by Hanák and Gaisler (1969), Corbet (1978c), and Bates and Harrison (1997). Some specimens referred to longipes by Bates and Harrison (1997) subsequently formed the type series for csorbai (Topál, 1997). Vietnamese records are dubious; see Bates et al. (1999).	Kashmir Cave Myotis
13802527	Myotis pequinius	Thomas 1908	SPECIES			pequinius		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1908 p.637			Hong Kong, Hopeh, Shantung, Honan and Kiangsu (China).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	See Horácek et al. (2000).	Peking Myotis
13802528	Myotis planiceps	Baker 1955	SPECIES			planiceps		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.68 p.165			Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Zacatecas (Mexico).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Critically Endangered.	See Matson (1975).	Flat-headed Myotis
13802460	Myotis lucifugus	Le Conte 1831	SPECIES			lucifugus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	In McMurtie, Animal Kingdom vol.1 (App.) p.431		affinis  H. Allen, 1864; brevirostris Wied-Neuwied, 1862; carolii Temminck, 1840; crassus F. Cuvier, 1832; domesticus Green, 1832; gryphus F. Cuvier, 1832; lanceolatus Wied, 1839; salarii F. Cuvier, 1832; virginianus Audubon and Bachman, 1841; alascensis Miller, 1897; carissima Thomas, 1904; albicinctus G. M. Allen, 1919; altipetens H. W. Grinnell, 1916; baileyi Hollister, 1909; pernox Hollister, 1911; relictus Harris, 1974.	Alaska (USA) to Labrador and Newfoundland (Canada), south to S California, N Arizona, N New Mexico (USA).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Does not include occultus, see Piaggio et al. (2002). Hybridizes with yumanensis in some areas; see Parkinson (1979), but see Herd and Fenton (1983). See Fenton and Barclay (1980). Apparently closely related to thysanodes; see Ruedi and Mayer (2001). Status of the type and type locality was discussed by Davis and Rippy (1968).	Little Brown Myotis
13802461	Myotis lucifugus subsp. lucifugus	Le Conte 1831	SUBSPECIES		lucifugus	lucifugus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	In McMurtie, Animal Kingdom vol.1 (App.) p.431						
13802462	Myotis lucifugus subsp. alascensis	Miller 1897	SUBSPECIES		alascensis	lucifugus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802463	Myotis lucifugus subsp. carissima	Thomas 1904	SUBSPECIES		carissima	lucifugus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802464	Myotis lucifugus subsp. pernox	Hollister 1911	SUBSPECIES		pernox	lucifugus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802465	Myotis lucifugus subsp. relictus	Harris 1974	SUBSPECIES		relictus	lucifugus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802554	Myotis thysanodes subsp. vespertinus	Manning and Jones 1988	SUBSPECIES		vespertinus	thysanodes		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802466	Myotis macrodactylus	Temminck 1840	SPECIES			macrodactylus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Monogr. Mamm. vol.2 p.231		continentalis  Tiunov, 1997; insularis Tiunov, 1997.	Japan, Kunashir Isl and Kurile Isls (Russia), SE Siberia, Korea.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Koopman (1993) included fimbriatus in this species and noted that it was probably conspecific with capaccinii (see Wallin, 1969), but see Corbet (1978c), Yoshiyuki (1989), and Corbet and Hill (1992), who argued that fimbriatus and capaccinii are distinct species. Reviewed in part by Yoshiyuki (1989) and Yoon (1990).	Big-footed Myotis
13802467	Myotis macrodactylus subsp. macrodactylus	Temminck 1840	SUBSPECIES		macrodactylus	macrodactylus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Monogr. Mamm. vol.2 p.231		&nbsp; 				
13802468	Myotis macrodactylus subsp. continentalis	Tiunov 1997	SUBSPECIES		continentalis	macrodactylus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802469	Myotis macrodactylus subsp. insularis	Tiunov 1997	SUBSPECIES		insularis	macrodactylus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802470	Myotis macropus	Gould 1854	SPECIES			macropus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Mammals of Australia p.unnumbered page of text			S Australia, Victoria (Australia).	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Distinct from adversus and moluccarum; see Kitchener et al. (1995b), who revised this complex.	Gould's Large-footed Myotis
13802471	Myotis macrotarsus	Waterhouse 1845	SPECIES			macrotarsus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1845 3 p.5		saba  Davis, 1962.	Philippines, N Borneo.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	May include stalkeri; see Findley (1972) and Corbet and Hill (1992). Apparently closely related to hasseltii and horsfieldii; see Ruedi and Mayer (2001).	Pallid Large-footed Myotis
13802472	Myotis macrotarsus subsp. macrotarsus	Waterhouse 1845	SUBSPECIES		macrotarsus	macrotarsus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1845 3 p.5		&nbsp; 				
13802473	Myotis macrotarsus subsp. saba	Davis 1962	SUBSPECIES		saba	macrotarsus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802474	Myotis martiniquensis	LaVal 1973	SPECIES			martiniquensis		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Los Angeles Cty. Mus. Nat. Hist. Sci. Soc. vol.15 p.35		nyctor  LaVal and Schwartz, 1975.	Martinique, Barbados (Lesser Antilles).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	See Masson and Breuil (1992) and Timm and Genoways (2003).	Schwartz's Myotis
13802475	Myotis martiniquensis subsp. martiniquensis	LaVal 1973	SUBSPECIES		martiniquensis	martiniquensis		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Los Angeles Cty. Mus. Nat. Hist. Sci. Soc. vol.15 p.35		&nbsp; 				
13802476	Myotis martiniquensis subsp. nyctor	LaVal and Schwartz 1975	SUBSPECIES		nyctor	martiniquensis		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802477	Myotis melanorhinus	Merriam 1890	SPECIES			melanorhinus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	N. Amer. Fauna vol.3 p.46			British Columbia (Canada) south to C Mexico and east to W Oklahoma (USA).	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Included in leibii or ciliolabrum by various authors, but see van Zyll de Jong (1984). Reviewed by Holloway and Barclay (2001), who treated it as a subspecies of ciliolabrum.	Dark-nosed Small-footed Myotis
13802548	Myotis sodalis	Miller and Allen 1928	SPECIES			sodalis		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus. vol.144 p.130			New Hampshire to Florida Panhandle, west to Wisconsin and Oklahoma (USA).	U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Endangered.	See Thomson (1982).	Indiana Myotis
13802478	Myotis moluccarum	Thomas 1915	SPECIES			moluccarum		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.15 p.170		richardsi  Kitchener, 1995 [in Kitchener et al., 1995b]; solomonis Troughton, 1929.	Ambon and Kai Isls (Moluccas), N and W Australia, Seram, Waigeo Isl (West Palua, Indonesia), Papua New Guinea, Bismarck Arch., Solomon Isls.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Distinct from adversus and macropus; see Kitchener et al. (1995b), who revised this complex. Also see Flannery (1995b) and Bonaccorso (1998). Includes Anamygdon solomonis Troughton, 1929; see Phillips and Birney (1968) and Kitchener et al. (1995b). Kitchener et al. (1995b) tentatively retained solomonis as a synonym of M. moluccarum moluccarum, but morphological differences suggest that it is best considered as a distinct subspecies.	Maluku Myotis
13802479	Myotis moluccarum subsp. moluccarum	Thomas 1915	SUBSPECIES		moluccarum	moluccarum		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.15 p.170		&nbsp; 				
13802480	Myotis moluccarum subsp. richardsi	Kitchener 1995	SUBSPECIES		richardsi	moluccarum		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	[in Kitchener et al., 1995b]						
13802481	Myotis moluccarum subsp. solomonis	Troughton 1929	SUBSPECIES		solomonis	moluccarum		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802555	Myotis tricolor	Temminck 1832	SPECIES			tricolor		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	In Smuts, Enumer. Mamm. Capensium p.106		loveni  Granvik, 1924.	Liberia, Ethiopia and Dem. Rep. Congo, south to South Africa.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes Eptesicus loveni, see Schlitter and Aggundey (1986). See Taylor (2000a) for distribution map.	Temminck's Myotis
13802482	Myotis montivagus	Dobson 1874	SPECIES			montivagus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.43 p.237		borneoensis  Hill and Francis, 1984; federatus Thomas, 1916; peytoni Wroughton and Ryley, 1913.	Yunnan to Fukien and Chihli (China), NE India, Burma, Vietnam, Laos, NE Thailand, W Malaysia, Borneo.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Includes peytoni; see Hill (1962b), Corbet and Hill (1992), and Bates and Harrison (1997); but see also Findley (1972). Das (1987) reviewed the type series. Reviewed by Bates et al. (1999). Subspecies affinities of Vietnam specimen are unclear; see Bates et al. (1999) and Hendrichsen et al. (2001).	Burmese Whiskered Myotis
13802483	Myotis montivagus subsp. montivagus	Dobson 1874	SUBSPECIES		montivagus	montivagus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.43 p.237		&nbsp; 				
13802484	Myotis montivagus subsp. borneoensis	Hill and Francis 1984	SUBSPECIES		borneoensis	montivagus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802485	Myotis montivagus subsp. federatus	Thomas 1916	SUBSPECIES		federatus	montivagus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802486	Myotis montivagus subsp. peytoni	Wroughton and Ryley 1913	SUBSPECIES		peytoni	montivagus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802487	Myotis morrisi	Hill 1971	SPECIES			morrisi		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Zool. vol.21 p.43			Ethiopia, Nigeria.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.		Morris's Myotis
13802488	Myotis muricola	Gray 1846	SPECIES			muricola		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Cat. Hodgson Coll. Brit. Mus. p.4		lobipes  Peters, 1867; tralatitus Temminck, 1840 [not Horsfield, 1824]; browni Taylor, 1934; caliginosus Tomes, 1859; blanfordi Dobson, 1871; herrei Taylor, 1934;<u> </u>latirostris Kishida, 1932; orii Kuroda, 1935;<u> </u>moupinensis Milne-Edwards, 1872; niasensis Lyon, 1916; patriciae Taylor, 1934. <u>Not allocated to subspecies</u>: muricola Hodgson, 1841 [nomen nudum]; trilatitoides Gray, 1843 [nomen nudum].	Afghanistan through N India and Nepal to Taiwan, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, and New Guinea; possibly the Philippines.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes caliginosus, moupinensis, and latirostris; see Findley (1972). Does not include ater or nugax; see Hill (1983) and Hill and Corbet (1992). Includes browni; see Hill and Rozendaal (1989). Includes herrei and patriciae; see Heaney et al. (1987), but also see Corbet and Hill (1992), who listed patriciae as a separate species with some reservations. Reviewed in part by Hill (1983), Kock (1996), Bates and Harrison (1997), Bates et al. (1999), Francis et al. (1999), and Hendrichsen et al. (2001). This complex may include more than one species, see Francis et al. (1999). There is apparently only one species of "muricola type" Myotis in the Philippines, but it is not yet clear if this taxon is ater or muricola (L. Heaney, pers. comm.); the same is probably also true of the Moluccas (K. Helgen, pers. comm.).	Nepalese Whiskered Myotis
13802489	Myotis muricola subsp. muricola	Gray 1846	SUBSPECIES		muricola	muricola		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Cat. Hodgson Coll. Brit. Mus. p.4						
13802490	Myotis muricola subsp. browni	Taylor 1934	SUBSPECIES		browni	muricola		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802491	Myotis muricola subsp. caliginosus	Tomes 1859	SUBSPECIES		caliginosus	muricola		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802492	Myotis muricola subsp. herrei	Taylor 1934	SUBSPECIES		herrei	muricola		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802493	Myotis muricola subsp. latirostris	Kishida 1932	SUBSPECIES		latirostris	muricola		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802494	Myotis muricola subsp. moupinensis	Milne-Edwards 1872	SUBSPECIES		moupinensis	muricola		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802495	Myotis muricola subsp. niasensis	Lyon 1916	SUBSPECIES		niasensis	muricola		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802496	Myotis muricola subsp. patriciae	Taylor 1934	SUBSPECIES		patriciae	muricola		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802621	Miniopterus schreibersii subsp. haradai	Maeda 1982	SUBSPECIES		haradai	schreibersii		Miniopterus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802497	Myotis myotis	Borkhausen 1797	SPECIES			myotis		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Deutsche Fauna vol.1 p.80		alpinus  Koch, 1865; latipennis Crespon, 1844; myosotis author unknown, date 1797 or 1800 [see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951]; spelaea Bielz, 1886 [not Koch, 1865]; submurinus Brehm, 1827; typus Koch, 1865; macrocephalicus Harrison and Lewis, 1961.	C and S Europe, east to Ukraine; S England; most Mediterranean islands; Azores (Portugal); Asia Minor; Lebanon, Syria, and Israel.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	See Corbet (1978c) and Horácek et al. (2000) for discussion of synonyms. Zhang Yongzu et al. (1997) included ancilla and chinensis in myotis, but this is apparently incorrect; see Horácek et al. (2000). Closely related to blythii, oxygnathus, and punicus; see Castella et al. (2000), Mayer and von Helversen (2001a), and Ruedi and Mayer (2001). Middle Eastern records reviewed by Harrison and Bates (1991), Palearctic records by Horácek et al. (2000).	Mouse-eared Myotis
13802498	Myotis myotis subsp. myotis	Borkhausen 1797	SUBSPECIES		myotis	myotis		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Deutsche Fauna vol.1 p.80						
13802499	Myotis myotis subsp. macrocephalicus	Harrison and Lewis 1961	SUBSPECIES		macrocephalicus	myotis		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802500	Myotis mystacinus	Kuhl 1817	SPECIES			mystacinus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Die Deutschen Fledermäuse. Hanau p.15		aurascens  Kuzyakin, 1935; bulgaricus Heinrich, 1936; collaris Schinz, 1821; humeralis Baillon, 1834; lugubris Fatio, 1869; nigricans Koch, 1865 [not Schinz, 1821]; nigricans Fatio, 1869 [not Schinz, 1821, or Koch, 1865]; nigrofuscus Fitzinger, 1871; rufofuscus Koch, 1865; schinzii Brehm, 1837; schrankii Wagner, 1843; caucasicus Tsytsulina, 2000 [in Benda and Tsytsulina, 2000]; occidentalis Benda, 2000 [in Benda and Tsytsulina, 2000].	Ireland and Scandinavia to C Russia and the Ural Moutains, Kazakhstan, south to Syria, Israel, and Morocco.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Strelkov (1983), Bates and Harrison (1997), and Horácek et al. (2000), revised by Benda and Tsytsulina (2000) and Tsytsulina (2001). Does not include davidii, hajastanicus, nipalensis, przewalskii, or sogdianus, transcaspicus; see Benda and Tsytsulina (2000) and Kawai et al. (2003). Includes aurascens; see Mayer and von Helversen (2001a), but also see Benda and Tsytsulina (2000). This complex may include at least one cryptic species in Europe; see Mayer and von Helversen (2001a). Japanese specimens previously referred to this species clearly represent an apparently unnamed taxon distinct from both mystacinus and davidii; see Kawai et al. (2003). Specimens from Vietnam originally identified as mystacinus may represent muricola (see Bates et al., 1999); alternatively, they might represent davidii or be conspecific with the unnamed Japanese form.	Whiskered Myotis
13802501	Myotis mystacinus subsp. mystacinus	Kuhl 1817	SUBSPECIES		mystacinus	mystacinus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Die Deutschen Fledermäuse. Hanau p.15						
13802502	Myotis mystacinus subsp. caucasicus	Tsytsulina 2000	SUBSPECIES		caucasicus	mystacinus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	[in Benda and Tsytsulina, 2000]						
13802503	Myotis mystacinus subsp. occidentalis	Benda 2000	SUBSPECIES		occidentalis	mystacinus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	[in Benda and Tsytsulina, 2000]						
13802504	Myotis nattereri	Kuhl 1817	SPECIES			nattereri		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Die Deutschen Fledermäuse. Hanau p.14, 33		escalerae  Cabrera, 1904; spelaeus Koch, 1865; typus Koch, 1865; hoveli Harrison, 1964; tschuliensis Kuzyakin, 1935.	Ireland, Great Britain, Europe (except N Scandinavia), Morocco, N Algeria, Turkey, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Iraq, Iran, Bulgaria, Crimea and Caucasus to Turkmenistan.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Does not include araxenus or bombinus; see Horácek and Hanák (1984) and Kawai et al. (2003). Reviewed in part by Harrison and Bates (1991) and Horácek et al. (2000). For discussion of correct spelling see Bogdanowicz and Kock (1998).	Natterer's Myotis
13802505	Myotis nattereri subsp. nattereri	Kuhl 1817	SUBSPECIES		nattereri	nattereri		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Die Deutschen Fledermäuse. Hanau p.14, 33						
13802506	Myotis nattereri subsp. tschuliensis	Kuzyakin 1935	SUBSPECIES		tschuliensis	nattereri		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802507	Myotis nesopolus	Miller 1900	SPECIES			nesopolus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.13 p.123		larensis  LaVal, 1973.	NE Venezuela; Curaçao and Bonaire (Netherlands Antilles).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Includes larensis; see Genoways and Williams (1979a). A single specimen reported from St. Martin probably represents nigricans; see Jones (1989).	Curaçao Myotis
13802508	Myotis nesopolus subsp. nesopolus	Miller 1900	SUBSPECIES		nesopolus	nesopolus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.13 p.123		&nbsp; 				
13802509	Myotis nesopolus subsp. larensis	LaVal 1973	SUBSPECIES		larensis	nesopolus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802529	Myotis pruinosus	Yoshiyuki 1971	SPECIES			pruinosus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo vol.14 p.305			Honshu and Shikoku (Japan).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Endangered.	Reviewed by Yoshiyuki (1989), also see Horácek et al. (2000) and Kawai et al. (2003).	Frosted Myotis
13802547	Myotis simus	Thomas 1901	SPECIES			simus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.7 p.541		guaycuru  Proença, 1943.	Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, N Brazil, Bolivia, NE Argentina, and Paraguay.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Revised by LaVal (1973a), Baud and Menu (1993), and López-González et al., 2001. Includes guaycuru; see López-González et al. (2001).	Velvety Myotis
13802510	Myotis nigricans	Schinz 1821	SPECIES			nigricans		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Das Thierreich vol.1 p.179		arsinoe  Temminck, 1840; bondae J. A. Allen, 1914; brasiliensis Spix, 1823; chiriquensis J. A. Allen, 1904; concinnus H. Allen, 1866; dalquesti Hall and Alvarez, 1961; esmeraldae J. A. Allen, 1914; exiguus H. Allen, 1866; hypothrix DOrbigny and Gervais, 1847; maripensis J. A. Allen, 1914; mundus H. Allen, 1866; parvulus Temminck, 1840; punensis J. A. Allen, 1914; spixii J. B. Fischer, 1829; splendidus J. A. Wagner, 1855; carteri LaVal, 1973; extremus Miller and Allen, 1928; osculatii Cornalia, 1849; caucensis Miller and G. M. Allen, 1928; quixensis Osculati, 1854.	Nayarit and Tamaulipas (Mexico) to Peru, Bolivia, N Argentina, Paraguay, and S Brazil; Trinidad and Tobago; St. Martin, Montserrat, Grenada (Lesser Antilles).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes carteri; see Corbet and Hill (1980), but see Bogan (1978). Neotype designated by LaVal (1973a). See Wilson and LaVal (1974). Reviewed in part by López-González et al. (2001). Apparently closely related to levis; see Ruedi and Mayer (2001). More than one species may be represented in this complex.	Black Myotis
13802515	Myotis nipalensis	Dobson 1871	SPECIES			nipalensis		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.1871 p.214		kukunoriensis  Bobrinskii, 1929; meinertzhageni Thomas, 1926; pallidiventris Hodgson, 1844 [nomen nudum]; przewalskii Bobrinski, 1926; mongolicus Kruskop and Borissenko, 1996; transcaspicus Ognev and Heptner, 1928; pamirensis Kuzyakin, 1935; sogdianus Kuzyakin, 1934.	Iran, Turkey, and Uzbekistan to Nepal, Mongolia, Tibet and NW China, Siberia.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Often included in mystacinus, but see Benda and Tsytsulina (2000).	Nepalese Myotis
13802516	Myotis nipalensis subsp. nipalensis	Dobson 1871	SUBSPECIES		nipalensis	nipalensis		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.1871 p.214						
13802517	Myotis nipalensis subsp. przewalskii	Bobrinski 1926	SUBSPECIES		przewalskii	nipalensis		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802518	Myotis nipalensis subsp. transcaspicus	Ognev and Heptner 1928	SUBSPECIES		transcaspicus	nipalensis		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802519	Myotis occultus	Hollister 1909	SPECIES			occultus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.22 p.43			S California to Arizona, New Mexico, and Colorado (USA), south to Distrito Federal (Mexico); possibly W Texas (USA).	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Included in lucifugus by Findley and Jones (1967) and most subsequent authors, but apparently distinct, see Piaggio et al. (2002).	Arizona Myotis
13802520	Myotis oreias	Temminck 1840	SPECIES			oreias		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Monogr. Mamm. vol.2 p.270			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Data Deficient.	Known only from the holotype. Redescribed by Francis and Hill (1998), who noted that the type locality is questionable.	Singaporese Whiskered Myotis
13802521	Myotis oxygnathus	Monticelli 1885	SPECIES			oxygnathus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Accad. O. Costa de Aspir. Nat. Napoli vol.1 p.82			Mediterranean region from Spain to Italy and Greece; Bulgaria to Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Afghanistan.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Formerly treated as a subspecies of blythii (e.g., Koopman, 1994), but shown to be more closely related to myotis based on molecular data; see Ruedi and Mayer (2001).	Monticelli's Myotis
13802522	Myotis oxyotus	Peters 1867	SPECIES			oxyotus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1867 p.19		thomasi  Cabrera, 1901; gardneri LaVal, 1973.	Venezuela to Bolivia; Panama; Costa Rica.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Revised by LaVal (1973a). Subspecies allocation of populations from coastal Peru is uncertain. Apparently closely related to nigricans<u> </u>and<u></u>levis; see Ruedi and Mayer (2001).	Montane Myotis
13802523	Myotis oxyotus subsp. oxyotus	Peters 1867	SUBSPECIES		oxyotus	oxyotus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1867 p.19						
13802524	Myotis oxyotus subsp. gardneri	LaVal 1973	SUBSPECIES		gardneri	oxyotus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802525	Myotis ozensis	Imaizumi 1954	SPECIES			ozensis		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo, N. S. vol.1 p.49			Honshu (Japan).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Endangered.	Reviewed by Yoshiyuki (1989).	Honshu Myotis
13802526	Myotis peninsularis	Miller 1898	SPECIES			peninsularis		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.2 p.124			S Baja California (Mexico).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	Listed as a subspecies of velifer by Hall and Kelson (1959), but see Hayward (1970) and Hall (1981). See Alvarez-Castañeda and Bogan (1998).	Peninsular Myotis
13802530	Myotis punicus	Felten, Spitzenberger, and Storch 1977	SPECIES			punicus		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Senkenberg. Biol. vol.58 p.39			Tunisia, Algeria, Libya, Malta, Corsica (France), and Sardinia (Italy).	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Originally described as a subspecies of blythii, but recently shown to lie outside a clade including blythii, myotis, and oxygnathus; see Ruedi and Mayer (2001). Also see Borg (1998) and Castella et al. (2000). Accordingly, punicus is treated as a separate species here.	Maghrebian Myotis
13802531	Myotis ricketti	Thomas 1894	SPECIES			ricketti		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.14 p.300			Fukien, Anhwei, Kiangsu, Shantung, Yunnan (China); Hong Kong; Vietnam and Laos.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Myotis pilosus Peters, 1869 (type locality unknown) may be the oldest name for this species; see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) and Corbet and Hill (1992). Sometimes placed in its own subgenus Rickettia, see discussion in Findley (1972) and Corbet and Hill (1992). Reviewed in part by Bates et al. (1999) and Hendrichsen et al. (2001); also see Horácek et al. (2000), who discussed this taxon under the name pilosus.	Rickett's Big-footed Myotis
13802532	Myotis ridleyi	Thomas 1898	SPECIES			ridleyi		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.1 p.361			W Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Transferred from Pipistrellus; see Medway (1978); also see Hill and Topál (1973).	Ridley's Myotis
13802576	Myotis yumanensis subsp. saturatus	Miller 1897	SUBSPECIES		saturatus	yumanensis		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	[not Kuzyakin, 1934]						
13802577	Myotis yumanensis subsp. sociabilis	H. W. Grinnell 1914	SUBSPECIES		sociabilis	yumanensis		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802533	Myotis riparius	Handley 1960	SPECIES			riparius		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. vol.112 p.466-468			Honduras south to Uruguay, E Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Bolivia; Trinidad.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Originally described as a subspecies of simus. Reviewed in part by López-González et al. (2001). LaVal (1973a) suggested that guaycuru may be the oldest name for this species, but López-González et al. (2001) have shown guaycuru to be a junior synonym of simus. Apparently closely related to ruber; see Ruedi and Mayer (2001).	Riparian Myotis
13802534	Myotis rosseti	Oey 1951	SPECIES			rosseti		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Beaufortia vol.1 8 p.4			Cambodia, Thailand, possibly Vietnam.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Originally described as a species of Glischropus; see Hill and Topál (1973). Vietnamese record is not well documented; see Bates et al. (1999).	Thick-thumbed Myotis
13802535	Myotis ruber	E. Geoffroy 1806	SPECIES			ruber		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.8 p.204		cinnamomeus  Wagner, 1855; kinnamon Gervais, 1856.	SE Brazil, SE Paraguay, NE Argentina.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	Does not include levis; revised by LaVal (1973a), who with Miller and Allen (1928) discussed the type. Reviewed in part by López-González et al. (2001). Apparently closely related to riparius; see Ruedi and Mayer (2001).	Red Myotis
13802536	Myotis schaubi	Kormos 1934	SPECIES			schaubi		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Földt Közl., Budapest vol.64 p.310		araxenus  Dahl, 1947; kretzoii Topál, 1981.	Extant populations limited to Armenia and W Iran.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Endangered.	The nominate subspecies is known only from the Pliocene and is presumably extinct. The living subspecies, araxenus, was formerly included in nattereri; see Horácek and Hanák (1984). Reviewed by Horácek et al. (2000).	Schaub's Myotis
13802537	Myotis schaubi subsp. schaubi	Kormos 1934	SUBSPECIES		schaubi	schaubi		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Földt Közl., Budapest vol.64 p.310		&nbsp; 			Formerly included in nattereri; see Horácek and Hanák (1984). Reviewed by Horácek et al. (2000).	
13802538	Myotis schaubi subsp. araxenus	Dahl 1947	SUBSPECIES		araxenus	schaubi		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera			&nbsp; 	Extant populations limited to Armenia and W Iran.			
13802539	Myotis scotti	Thomas 1927	SPECIES			scotti		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.19 p.554			Ethiopia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.		Scott's Myotis
13802540	Myotis septentrionalis	Trouessart 1897	SPECIES			septentrionalis		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Catalog. Mammal. Vivent. p.131			E United States and Canada west to British Columbia, E Montana, E Wyoming; south to Alabama, Georgia, and Florida Panhandle.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Formerly included in keenii, but see van Zyll de Jong (1979) and Caceres and Barclay (2000).	Northern Myotis
13802541	Myotis sicarius	Thomas 1915	SPECIES			sicarius		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. vol.23 p.608			Sikkim (NE India); Nepal.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	Reviewed by Bates and Harrison (1997).	Mandelli's Mouse-eared Myotis
13802542	Myotis siligorensis	Horsfield 1855	SPECIES			siligorensis		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 2 vol.16 p.102		darjilingensis  Horsfield, 1855; alticraniatus Osgood, 1932; sowerbyi Howell, 1926; thaianus Shamel, 1942.	N India to S China, Burma, Vietnam, and Laos; south to W Malaysia; Borneo.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Bates and Harrison (1997), Bates et al. (1999), and Hendrichsen et al. (2001). Populations from Malaysia and Borneo have not been allocated to subspecies, and the subspecific status of Vietnamese populations is questionable (see Hendrichsen et al., 2001b).	Himalayan Whiskered Myotis
13802543	Myotis siligorensis subsp. siligorensis	Horsfield 1855	SUBSPECIES		siligorensis	siligorensis		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 2 vol.16 p.102						
13802549	Myotis stalkeri	Thomas 1910	SPECIES			stalkeri		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.5 p.384			Kai and Gebe Isls (Molucca Isls), Waigeo Isl (Prov. of Papua, Indonesia)..	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Endangered.	May be conspecific with macrotarsus; see Findley (1972) and Corbet and Hill (1992). Also see Flannery (1995b) and Meinig (2002).	Kei Myotis
13802550	Myotis thysanodes	Miller 1897	SPECIES			thysanodes		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	N. Am. Fauna vol.13 p.80		aztecus  Miller and G. M. Allen, 1928; pahasapensis Jones and Genoways, 1967; vespertinus Manning and Jones, 1988.	Chiapas (Mexico) to SW South Dakota (USA) and SC British Columbia (Canada).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Revised by Miller and Allen (1928). Also see O'Farrell and Studier (1980) and Manning and Jones (1988b). Apparently closely related to lucifugus; see Ruedi and Mayer (2001).	Fringed Myotis
13802551	Myotis thysanodes subsp. thysanodes	Miller 1897	SUBSPECIES		thysanodes	thysanodes		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	N. Am. Fauna vol.13 p.80		&nbsp; 				
13802552	Myotis thysanodes subsp. aztecus	Miller and G. M. Allen 1928	SUBSPECIES		aztecus	thysanodes		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802578	Miniopterinae	Dobson 1875	SUBFAMILY						Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4 vol.16 p.349						
13802556	Myotis velifer	J. A. Allen 1890	SPECIES			velifer		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.3 p.177		jaliscensis  Menegaux, 1901; brevis Vaughan, 1954; grandis Hayward, 1970; incautus J. A. Allen, 1896; magnamolaris Choate and Hall, 1967.	Honduras to Kansas and SE California (USA).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	See Hayward (1970), Hall (1981), Fitch et al. (1981). Includes magnamolaris; see Dalquest and Stangl (1984). Apparently closely related to yumanensis; see Ruedi and Mayer (2001).	Cave Myotis
13802557	Myotis velifer subsp. velifer	J. A. Allen 1890	SUBSPECIES		velifer	velifer		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.3 p.177						
13802559	Myotis velifer subsp. grandis	Hayward 1970	SUBSPECIES		grandis	velifer		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802560	Myotis velifer subsp. incautus	J. A. Allen 1896	SUBSPECIES		incautus	velifer		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802561	Myotis velifer subsp. magnamolaris	Choate and Hall 1967	SUBSPECIES		magnamolaris	velifer		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802562	Myotis vivesi	Menegaux 1901	SPECIES			vivesi		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.7 p.323			Coast of Sonora and Baja California (Mexico), chiefly on small islands.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	Often placed in its own genus, Pizonyx. See Blood and Clark (1998).	Fish-eating Myotis
13802563	Myotis volans	H. Allen 1866	SPECIES			volans		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. vol.18 p.282		capitaneus  Nelson and Goldman, 1909; amotus Miller, 1914; interior Miller, 1914; longicrus True, 1886; altifrons Hollister, 1911; ruddi Silliman and von Bloeker, 1938.	Jalisco to Veracruz (Mexico); Alaska Panhandle (USA) to Baja California (Mexico), east to N Nuevo León (Mexico), South Dakota (USA), and C Alberta (Canada).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Revised by Miller and Allen (1928). See Warner and Czaplewski (1984). Apparently closely related to lucifugus<u> </u>and<u> </u>thysanodes; see Ruedi and Mayer (2001).	Long-legged Myotis
13802564	Myotis volans subsp. volans	H. Allen 1866	SUBSPECIES		volans	volans		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. vol.18 p.282						
13802565	Myotis volans subsp. amotus	Miller 1914	SUBSPECIES		amotus	volans		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802566	Myotis volans subsp. interior	Miller 1914	SUBSPECIES		interior	volans		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802567	Myotis volans subsp. longicrus	True 1886	SUBSPECIES		longicrus	volans		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802568	Myotis welwitschii	Gray 1866	SPECIES			welwitschii		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1866 p.211		venustus  Matschie, 1899.	South Africa, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Angola, Zambia, Dem. Rep. Congo, Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Ethiopia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Kock (1967) and Ratcliffe (2002). Sometimes misspelled welwitschi but the original spelling is welwitschii. Apparently closely related to emarginatus; see Ruedi and Mayer (2001).	Welwitsch's Myotis
13802569	Myotis yanbarensis	Maeda and Matsumura 1998	SPECIES			yanbarensis		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Zool. Sci. vol.15 p.301			Northern Okinawa Isl (Japan); known only from the type locality.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Data Deficient.	Apparently related to pruinosus and montivagus; see Kawai et al. (2003).	Yanbaru Myotis
13802570	Myotis yesoensis	Yoshiyuki 1984	SPECIES			yesoensis		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo, ser. A(Zool.) vol.10 p.153			Hokkaido (Japan).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	Closely related to hosonoi. Reviewed by Yoshiyuki (1989); also see Horácek et al. (2000).	Yoshiyuki's Myotis
13802571	Myotis yumanensis	H. Allen 1864	SPECIES			yumanensis		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Smithson. Misc. Coll. vol.7 p.58		durangae  J. A. Allen, 1903; macropus H. Allen, 1866 [not Gould, 1854]; obscurus H. Allen, 1866; phasma Miller and G. M. Allen, 1928; lambi Benson, 1947; lutosus Miller and G. M. Allen, 1928; oxalis Dalquest, 1947; saturatus Miller, 1897 [not Kuzyakin, 1934]; sociabilis H. W. Grinnell, 1914.	Hidalgo, Morelos and Baja California (Mexico) north to British Columbia (Canada), east to Montana and W Texas (USA).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	An older name for this species may be subulatus Say, 1823; see Glass and Baker (1968). Those authors recommended that subulatus should be supressed, but see Hall (1981), who used subulatus for the species we recognize as leibii. See also comments under leibii and lucifugus. Apparently closely related to velifer; see Ruedi and Mayer (2001).	Yuma Myotis
13802572	Myotis yumanensis subsp. yumanensis	H. Allen 1864	SUBSPECIES		yumanensis	yumanensis		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Smithson. Misc. Coll. vol.7 p.58						
13802573	Myotis yumanensis subsp. lambi	Benson 1947	SUBSPECIES		lambi	yumanensis		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802574	Myotis yumanensis subsp. lutosus	Miller and G. M. Allen 1928	SUBSPECIES		lutosus	yumanensis		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802575	Myotis yumanensis subsp. oxalis	Dalquest 1947	SUBSPECIES		oxalis	yumanensis		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802579	Miniopterus	Bonaparte 1837	GENUS					Miniopterus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Fauna Ital. vol.1 p.fasc. 20	Vespertilio ursinii Bonaparte, 1837 (= Vespertilio schreibersii Kuhl, 1817).				Reviewed (in part) by Goodwin (1979), Peterson (1981), Maeda (1982), Hill (1983), Corbet and Hill (1992), and Peterson et al. (1995). These authors have often come to different conclusions regarding classification and synonymys; the arrangement given here generally follows Corbet and Hill (1992) and Peterson et al. (1995). See Maeda (1982) and Peterson et al. (1995) for a summary of authorship, type localities, and holotypes of most named forms.	
13802580	Miniopterus africanus	Sanborn 1936	SPECIES			africanus		Miniopterus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Publ., Zool. Ser. vol.20 p.111			Kenya, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Tanzania, Botswana, Namibia.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Formerly included in inflatus, but see Peterson et al. (1995).	African Long-fingered Bat
13802581	Miniopterus australis	Tomes 1858	SPECIES			australis		Miniopterus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1858 p.125		solomonensis  Maeda, 1982; tibialis Tomes, 1858.	Philippines, Borneo, Java, Timor, Moluccas, southeast to Vanuatu and E Australia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Peterson (1981), Maeda (1982), Hill (1983), Koopman (1989a), Flannery (1995a, b), and Bonaccorso (1998), but note that these authors included taxa now considered to be distinct species (i.e., paululus, shortridgei). Revised by Kitchener and Suyanto (2002), who recognized but did not name an additional subspecies from Kai Isl. Does not include witkampi, referred to paululus by Kitchener and Suyanto (2002).	Little Long-fingered Bat
13802582	Miniopterus australis subsp. australis	Tomes 1858	SUBSPECIES		australis	australis		Miniopterus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1858 p.125		&nbsp; 				
13802583	Miniopterus australis subsp. solomonensis	Maeda 1982	SUBSPECIES		solomonensis	australis		Miniopterus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802584	Miniopterus australis subsp. tibialis	Tomes 1858	SUBSPECIES		tibialis	australis		Miniopterus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802585	Miniopterus fraterculus	Thomas and Schwann 1906	SPECIES			fraterculus		Miniopterus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1906 p.162			South Africa, Malawi, Zambia, Angola, Mozambique, Madagascar.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Reviewed by Peterson et al. (1995).	Lesser Long-fingered Bat
13802586	Miniopterus fuscus	Bonhote 1902	SPECIES			fuscus		Miniopterus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Novit. Zool. vol.9 p.626		yayeyamae  Kuroda, 1924.	Ryukyu Isls (Japan).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	May include medius; see Hill (1983) and Corbet and Hill (1992). Does not include fraterculus; see Peterson et al. (1995). Reviewed by Yoshiyuki (1989). Corbet and Hill (1992) suggested that yayeyamae may merit recognition as a distinct subspecies.	Southeast Asian Long-fingered Bat
13802587	Miniopterus gleni	Peterson, Eger, and Mitchell 1995	SPECIES			gleni		Miniopterus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Faune de Madagascar, Chiroptères vol.84 p.128			N, W, and S Madagascar.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).		Glen's Long-fingered Bat
13802588	Miniopterus inflatus	Thomas 1903	SPECIES			inflatus		Miniopterus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.12 p.634		rufus  Sanborn, 1936.	Kenya, Uganda, Burundi, E and S Dem. Rep. Congo, Cameroon, Gabon, Mozambique, Liberia, perhaps Nigeria. W African distribution uncertain because of confusion with schreibersii.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Koopman (1993, 1994) included africanus in this species, but see Peterson et al. (1995).	Greater Long-fingered Bat
13802589	Miniopterus inflatus subsp. inflatus	Thomas 1903	SUBSPECIES		inflatus	inflatus		Miniopterus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.12 p.634		&nbsp; 				
13802590	Miniopterus inflatus subsp. rufus	Sanborn 1936	SUBSPECIES		rufus	inflatus		Miniopterus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802591	Miniopterus macrocneme	Revilliod 1914	SPECIES			macrocneme		Miniopterus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	In Sarasin and Roux, Nova Caledonia, A. Zool. vol.1 p.360			New Guinea to Vanuatu and New Caledonia.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Listed a subspecies of pusillus by Koopman (1993, 1994), but see Sanborn and Nicholson (1950), Flannery (1995a, b), and Bonaccorso (1998). In a recent revision of the pusillus/australis complex, Kitchener and Suyanto (2002) treated macrocneme as a subspecies of pusillus, but did not examine specimens of macrocneme sensu stricto.	Small Melanesian Long-fingered Bat
13802592	Miniopterus magnater	Sanborn 1931	SPECIES			magnater		Miniopterus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser. vol.18 p.26		macrodens  Maeda, 1982.	NE India, SE China, Burma, Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam to Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Timor (Indonesia), Borneo, Moluccas, and New Guinea including the Bismarck Arch.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Hill (1983) and Corbet and Hill (1992). May also include bismarckensis, here listed as a synonym of tristis following Koopman (1993); see discussion in Hill (1983). See also Flannery (1995a) and Bonaccorso (1998). Some specimens from SE Asia previously identified as schrebersii may represent magnater; see Hendrichsen et al. (2001b).	Western Long-fingered Bat
13802593	Miniopterus magnater subsp. magnater	Sanborn 1931	SUBSPECIES		magnater	magnater		Miniopterus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser. vol.18 p.26		&nbsp; 				
13802595	Miniopterus majori	Thomas 1906	SPECIES			majori		Miniopterus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.17 p.175			Madagascar, Comores Isls.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Data Deficient.	Formerly included in schreibersii, but see Peterson et al. (1995).	Major's Long-fingered Bat
13802596	Miniopterus manavi	Thomas 1906	SPECIES			manavi		Miniopterus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.17 p.176		griveaudi  Harrison, 1959.	Madagascar, Comoro Isls.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Data Deficient as M. menavi (misspelled).	Formerly included in minor, but see Peterson et al. (1995); also see Juste and Ibáñez (1992). Includes griveaudi; see Peterson et al. (1995).	Manavi Long-fingered Bat
13802597	Miniopterus manavi subsp. manavi	Thomas 1906	SUBSPECIES		manavi	manavi		Miniopterus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.17 p.176		&nbsp; 				
13802598	Miniopterus manavi subsp. griveaudi	Harrison 1959	SUBSPECIES		griveaudi	manavi		Miniopterus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802599	Miniopterus medius	Thomas and Wroughton 1909	SPECIES			medius		Miniopterus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1909 p.382			SE China, Thailand, W Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sulawesi, Philippines, New Guinea, possibly the Solomon Isls.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	May be conspecific with fuscus; see Hill (1983) and Corbet and Hill (1992). See also Flannery (1995a) and Bonaccorso (1998).	Intermediate Long-fingered Bat
13802600	Miniopterus minor	Peters 1866 "1867"	SPECIES			minor		Miniopterus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1866 p.885		newtoni  Bocage, 1889; occidentalis Juste and Ibáñez, 1992.	Kenya, Tanzania, Dem. Rep. Congo, Republic of Congo, São Tomé Isl.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Reviewed by Juste and Ibañez (1992), who designated a neotype for newtoni. Does not include manavi or griveaudi see Peterson et al. (1995).	Least Long-fingered Bat
13802601	Miniopterus minor subsp. minor	Peters 1866 "1867"	SUBSPECIES		minor	minor		Miniopterus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1866 p.885		&nbsp; 				
13802602	Miniopterus minor subsp. newtoni	Bocage 1889	SUBSPECIES		newtoni	minor		Miniopterus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802603	Miniopterus minor subsp. occidentalis	Juste and Ibáñez 1992	SUBSPECIES		occidentalis	minor		Miniopterus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802622	Miniopterus schreibersii subsp. japoniae	Thomas 1905	SUBSPECIES		japoniae	schreibersii		Miniopterus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802604	Miniopterus natalensis	A. Smith 1834	SPECIES			natalensis		Miniopterus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	S. Afr. Quart. J. vol.2 p.59		breyeri  Jameson, 1909; scotinus Sundevall, 1846; vicinior J. A. Allen, 1917; arenarius Heller, 1912.	Sudan and SW Arabia to South Africa.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Formerly included in schreibersii, but apparently distinct; see O'Shea and Vaughan (1980), Koopman (1994), and Peterson et al. (1995).	Natal Long-fingered Bat
13802605	Miniopterus natalensis subsp. natalensis	A. Smith 1834	SUBSPECIES		natalensis	natalensis		Miniopterus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	S. Afr. Quart. J. vol.2 p.59						
13802606	Miniopterus natalensis subsp. arenarius	Heller 1912	SUBSPECIES		arenarius	natalensis		Miniopterus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802607	Miniopterus paululus	Hollister 1913	SPECIES			paululus		Miniopterus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. vol.46 p.311		graysonae  Kitchener, 2002 [in Kitchener and Suyanto, 2002]; witkampi Sody, 1930.	Majuyod, Negros, and Guimarás Isls (Philippines), Borneo, Selaru.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Revised by Kitchener and Suyanto (2002).	Philippine Long-fingered Bat
13802608	Miniopterus paululus subsp. paululus	Hollister 1913	SUBSPECIES		paululus	paululus		Miniopterus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. vol.46 p.311		&nbsp; 				
13802609	Miniopterus paululus subsp. graysonae	Kitchener 2002	SUBSPECIES		graysonae	paululus		Miniopterus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	[in Kitchener and Suyanto, 2002]						
13802610	Miniopterus paululus subsp. witkampi	Sody 1930	SUBSPECIES		witkampi	paululus		Miniopterus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802650	Murina cyclotis	Dobson 1872	SPECIES			cyclotis	Murina	Murina	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal p.210		eileenae  Phillips, 1932; peninsularis Hill, 1964.	Sri Lanka and India to Kwangtung and Hainan (China); Myanamar, Laos, and Vietnam, south to W Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra, Philippines, and Lesser Sunda Isls. Records from Cambodia are erroneous (Kock, 2000a).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Murina. Reviewed in part by Hill (1983), Bates and Harrison (1997), Sinha (1999), and Hendrichsen et al. (2001b).	Round-eared Tube-nosed Bat
13802651	Murina cyclotis subsp. cyclotis	Dobson 1872	SUBSPECIES		cyclotis	cyclotis	Murina	Murina	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal p.210		&nbsp; 				
14000068	Felis silvestris subsp. haussa	Thomas and Hinton 1921	SUBSPECIES		haussa	silvestris		Felis	Felidae	Carnivora							
13802611	Miniopterus pusillus	Dobson 1876	SPECIES			pusillus		Miniopterus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Monogr. Asiatic Chiroptera p.162			India, Nepal, and Burma to Sumatra and Timor (Indonesia), Philippines, and Moluccas.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Hill (1983), Corbet and Hill (1992), Bates and Harrison (1997), and Kitchener and Suyanto (2002). Philippine records may actually represent australis; see Heaney et al. (1998). Does not seem to include macrocneme; see Sanborn and Nicholson (1950), Flannery (1995a, b), and Bonaccorso (1998), although also see Kitchener and Suyanto (2002), who treated macrocneme as a subspecies of pusillus but did not examine specimens of macrocneme sensu stricto. Some specimens from SE Asia previously identified as schreibersii may represent pusillus; see Hendrichsen et al. (2001b). Kitchener and Suyanto (2002) recognized but did not name a subspecies from Alor, Roti, Timor, Ambon, probably Seram, and possibly Sulawesi.	Small Long-fingered Bat
13802612	Miniopterus robustior	Revilliod 1914	SPECIES			robustior		Miniopterus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	In Sarasin and Roux, Nova Caledonia, A. Zool. vol.1 p.359			Loyalty Isls (E of New Caledonia).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Endangered.	See Hill (1971a), Peterson (1981), and Flannery (1995b).	Loyalty Long-fingered Bat
13802613	Miniopterus schreibersii	Kuhl 1817	SPECIES			schreibersii		Miniopterus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Die Deutschen Fledermäuse, Hanau p.14		baussencis  Laurent, 1944; inexpectatus Heinrich, 1936; italicus Dal Piaz, 1926; ursinii Bonaparte, 1837;<u> </u>bassanii Cardinal and Christidis, 2000; blepotis Temminck, 1840; ravus Sody, 1930; chinensis Thomas, 1908; dasythrix Temminck, 1840; eschscholtzii Waterhouse, 1845; fuliginosus Hodgson, 1835;<u> </u>haradai Maeda, 1982; japoniae Thomas, 1905; oceanensis Maeda 1982; orianae Thomas, 1922; orsinii Temminck, 1840; pallidus Thomas, 1907; pulcher Harrison, 1956; parvipes G. M. Allen, 1923; smitianus Thomas, 1927;<u> </u>villiersi Aellen, 1956.	S Europe and Morocco through the Caucasus, Iran, and Bulgaria to most of China and Japan; most of Indo-Malayan region; Philippines; New Guinea; Solomon Isls (including Bougainville Isl); Australia; subsaharan Africa; Bismarck Arch.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Formerly included magnater. Does not include natalensis or arenarius, see Koopman (1994). Does not include majori; see Peterson et al. (1995). Reviewed by Crucitti (1976); see also Maeda (1982), Hill (1983), Harrison and Bates (1991), Kock (1996), Bates and Harrison (1997), Cardinal and Christidis (2000), Conole (2000), Horácek et al. (2000), and Hendrichsen et al. (2001b). Subspecies boundaries are not always clear (e.g., see Hill [1983] and Yoshiyuki [1989]), and some populations have not been allocated to subspecies. Sometimes misspelled schriebersi, but see Bogdanowicz and Kick (1998) for correct spelling (schreibersii). This complex probably includes more than one species.	Schreibers's Long-fingered Bat
13802614	Miniopterus schreibersii subsp. schreibersii	Kuhl 1817	SUBSPECIES		schreibersii	schreibersii		Miniopterus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Die Deutschen Fledermäuse, Hanau p.14						
13802615	Miniopterus schreibersii subsp. bassanii	Cardinal and Christidis 2000	SUBSPECIES		bassanii	schreibersii		Miniopterus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802616	Miniopterus schreibersii subsp. blepotis	Temminck 1840	SUBSPECIES		blepotis	schreibersii		Miniopterus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802617	Miniopterus schreibersii subsp. chinensis	Thomas 1908	SUBSPECIES		chinensis	schreibersii		Miniopterus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802618	Miniopterus schreibersii subsp. dasythrix	Temminck 1840	SUBSPECIES		dasythrix	schreibersii		Miniopterus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802619	Miniopterus schreibersii subsp. eschscholtzii	Waterhouse 1845	SUBSPECIES		eschscholtzii	schreibersii		Miniopterus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802620	Miniopterus schreibersii subsp. fuliginosus	Hodgson 1835	SUBSPECIES		fuliginosus	schreibersii		Miniopterus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802626	Miniopterus schreibersii subsp. pallidus	Thomas 1907	SUBSPECIES		pallidus	schreibersii		Miniopterus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802627	Miniopterus schreibersii subsp. parvipes	G. M. Allen 1923	SUBSPECIES		parvipes	schreibersii		Miniopterus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802628	Miniopterus schreibersii subsp. smitianus	Thomas 1927	SUBSPECIES		smitianus	schreibersii		Miniopterus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802629	Miniopterus schreibersii subsp. villiersi	Aellen 1956	SUBSPECIES		villiersi	schreibersii		Miniopterus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802630	Miniopterus shortridgei	Laurie and Hill 1957	SPECIES			shortridgei		Miniopterus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	J. Mammal. vol.38 p.128		minor  Hill, 1954 [in Laurie and Hill, 1954; not minor Peters, 1867].	Java, Madura, Lombok, Sumbawa, Moyo, Alor, Wetar, Seralu, Timor, Semau, Roti, and Savu Isls (Indonesia).	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Revised by Kitchener and Suyanto (2002).	Shortridge's Long-fingered Bat
13802652	Murina cyclotis subsp. eileenae	Phillips 1932	SUBSPECIES		eileenae	cyclotis	Murina	Murina	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802653	Murina cyclotis subsp. peninsularis	Hill 1964	SUBSPECIES		peninsularis	cyclotis	Murina	Murina	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
14000058	Felis silvestris subsp. silvestris	Schreber 1777	SUBSPECIES		silvestris	silvestris		Felis	Felidae	Carnivora	Die Säugethiere vol.3 23 p.397						
14000059	Felis silvestris subsp. cafra	Desmarest 1822	SUBSPECIES		cafra	silvestris		Felis	Felidae	Carnivora							
13802631	Miniopterus tristis	Waterhouse 1845	SPECIES			tristis		Miniopterus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1845 p.3		celebensis  Peterson, 1981; grandis Peterson, 1981;<u> </u>insularis Peterson, 1981; bismarckensis Maeda, 1982; melanesiensis Maeda, 1982; propritristis Peterson, 1981.	Philippines; Sulawesi, Sanan Isl, New Guinea; Bismarck Arch., Solomon Isls, Vanuatu (= New Hebrides).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes propritristis; see Koopman (1984c) and Hill (1983). Peterson (1981) and Maeda (1982) recognized more than one species in this complex, but did not agree on species limits; see Hill (1983), who argued convincingly that all of these forms should be regarded as subspecies of tristis pending further study. Koopman (1993) included bismarckensis in this complex, but also see Hill (1983), who suggested that this poorly-known taxon might be allied to magnater. Also see accounts in Flannery (1995a, b), Bonaccorso (1998), and Meinig (2002) under propritristis.	Great Long-fingered Bat
13802632	Miniopterus tristis subsp. tristis	Waterhouse 1845	SUBSPECIES		tristis	tristis		Miniopterus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1845 p.3		&nbsp; 				
13802633	Miniopterus tristis subsp. celebensis	Peterson 1981	SUBSPECIES		celebensis	tristis		Miniopterus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802634	Miniopterus tristis subsp. grandis	Peterson 1981	SUBSPECIES		grandis	tristis		Miniopterus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802635	Miniopterus tristis subsp. insularis	Peterson 1981	SUBSPECIES		insularis	tristis		Miniopterus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802636	Miniopterus tristis subsp. propritristis	Peterson 1981	SUBSPECIES		propritristis	tristis		Miniopterus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802638	Harpiocephalus	Gray 1842	GENUS					Harpiocephalus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.10 p.259	Harpiocephalus rufus Gray, 1842 (= Vespertilio harpia Temminck, 1840).					
13802639	Harpiocephalus harpia	Temminck 1840	SPECIES			harpia		Harpiocephalus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Monogr. Mamm. vol.2 p.219		pearsonii  Horsfield, 1851; rufus Gray, 1842; lasyurus Hodgson, 1847; madrassius Thomas, 1923; rufulus G. M. Allen, 1913.	S and NE India, S China, Taiwan, Laos and Vietnam, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, S Moluccas, and the Philippines.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Doe not include mordax; see Hill and Francis (1984) Corbet and Hill (1992), and Hendrichsen et al. (2002b). Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997) and Hendrichsen et al. (2001b). The Taiwan record, if valid, has not been allocated to subspecies.	Lesser Hairy-winged Bat
13802640	Harpiocephalus harpia subsp. harpia	Temminck 1840	SUBSPECIES		harpia	harpia		Harpiocephalus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Monogr. Mamm. vol.2 p.219						
13802641	Harpiocephalus harpia subsp. lasyurus	Hodgson 1847	SUBSPECIES		lasyurus	harpia		Harpiocephalus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802642	Harpiocephalus harpia subsp. madrassius	Thomas 1923	SUBSPECIES		madrassius	harpia		Harpiocephalus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802643	Harpiocephalus harpia subsp. rufulus	G. M. Allen 1913	SUBSPECIES		rufulus	harpia		Harpiocephalus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802644	Harpiocephalus mordax	Thomas 1923	SPECIES			mordax		Harpiocephalus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. vol.29 p.88			Burma, Thailand, Vietnam, Borneo. This species has also been reported from Cambodia but there are no vouchered records; see Hendrichsen et al. (2001a). Some specimens from India previously identified as harpia may represent this species, see Hendrichsen et al. (2001b)	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Formerly included in harpia (e.g., Koopman, 1993, 1994), but apparently distinct, see Hill and Francis (1984), Corbet and Hill (1992), and Hendrichsen et al. (2001b).	Greater Hairy-winged Bat
13802645	Murina	Gray 1842	GENUS					Murina	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.10 p.258	Vespertilio suillus Temminck, 1840.	Harpiola  Thomas, 1915; Ocypetes Lesson, 1841 [not Risso, 1826].			Includes Harpiola, here recognized as a subgenus, see Corbet and Hill (1980, 1992) although also see Bhattacharyya (2002). The other recognized subgenus, Murina, is sometimes divided into two species groups but there is disagreement about membership; see Corbet and Hill (1992), Maeda and Matsumura (1998), and Kawai et al. (2002).	
13802646	Murina	Gray 1842	SUBGENUS				Murina	Murina	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.10 p.258	Vespertilio suillus Temminck, 1840.					
13802648	Murina aenea	Hill 1964	SPECIES			aenea	Murina	Murina	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Fed. Mus. J., Kuala Lumpur, N.S. vol.8 p.57			W Malaysia, Borneo.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Murina. Reviewed by Francis (1997).	Bronze Tube-nosed Bat
13802649	Murina aurata	Milne-Edwards 1872	SPECIES			aurata	Murina	Murina	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Rech. Hist. Nat. Mammifères p.250		aurita Miller, 1907; feae Thomas, 1891.	NE India, Nepal to SW China (including E Tibet) and Burma, Thailand.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Murina. Formerly included ussuriensis; see Maeda (1980); see also comments under silvatica. Reviewed by Hill (1983) and Bates and Harrison (1997).	Little Tube-nosed Bat
13900004	Manis	Linnaeus 1758	SUBGENUS				Manis	Manis	Manidae	Pholidota	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.36	Manis pentadactyla Linnaeus, 1758.					
13900005	Paramanis	Pocock 1824	SUBGENUS				Paramanis	Manis	Manidae	Pholidota							
13802654	Murina florium	Thomas 1908	SPECIES			florium	Murina	Murina	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.2 p.371		lanosa  Thomas, 1910; toxopei Thomas, 1923.	Lesser Sunda Isls, Sulawesi, Moluccas, Seram, New Guinea including the Bismark Arch, and NE Australia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Murina. See Flannery (1995a, b) and Bonaccorso (1998). The three subspecies are poorly delimited.	Flores Tube-nosed Bat
13802655	Murina florium subsp. florium	Thomas 1908	SUBSPECIES		florium	florium	Murina	Murina	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.2 p.371		&nbsp; 				
13802656	Murina florium subsp. lanosa	Thomas 1910	SUBSPECIES		lanosa	florium	Murina	Murina	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802657	Murina florium subsp. toxopei	Thomas 1923	SUBSPECIES		toxopei	florium	Murina	Murina	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802658	Murina fusca	Sowerby 1922	SPECIES			fusca	Murina	Murina	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	J. Mammal. vol.3 p.46			Manchuria (China).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Data Deficient.	Subgenus Murina. Listed as a subspecies of leucogaster<u> </u>by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) and Corbet (1978c), but see Wallin (1969). Wang (1959) suggested that fusca might be a synonym of hilgendorfi.	Dusky Tube-nosed Bat
13802659	Murina grisea	Peters 1872	SPECIES			grisea	Harpiola	Murina	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1872 p.258			NW Himalayas, Mizoram (India).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Endangered.	Subgenus Harpiola. Reviewed by Bates and Harrison (1997) and Bhattacharyya (2002).	Peters's Tube-nosed Bat
13802660	Murina hilgendorfi	Peters 1880	SPECIES			hilgendorfi	Murina	Murina	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1880 p.24		intermedia  Mori, 1933; ognevi<u></u>Bianchi, 1916; sibirica Kastschenko, 1905.	N China; Upper Yenisei River (Russia); Altai Mtns (Russia, Kazakhstan and Mongolia); Korea; Ussur region (Russia); Sakhalin Isl (Russia); Honshu, Kyushu and Shikiku (Japan).	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Subgenus Murina. Formerly included in leucogaster, but apparently distinct. May include more than one species; see Yoshiyuki (1989). Also see Wang (1959).	Hilgendorf's Tube-nosed Bat
13802661	Murina huttoni	Peters 1872	SPECIES			huttoni	Murina	Murina	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1872 p.257		rubella  Thomas, 1914.	Tibet, NE and S China, NW India to Vietnam, Thailand, W Malaysia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Murina. Reviewed in part by Sinha (1999) and Hendrichsen et al. (2001b). Does not include tubinaris, see Hill (1963a, 1983), Bates and Harrison (1997), Sinha (1999), and Hendrichsen et al. (2001b). Some SE Asian specimens previously referred to tubinaris may represent huttoni, see Hendrichsen et al. (2001b). Sometimes spelled huttonii.	Hutton's Tube-nosed Bat
13802662	Murina huttoni subsp. huttoni	Peters 1872	SUBSPECIES		huttoni	huttoni	Murina	Murina	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1872 p.257		&nbsp; 				
13802663	Murina huttoni subsp. rubella	Thomas 1914	SUBSPECIES		rubella	huttoni	Murina	Murina	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802664	Murina leucogaster	Milne-Edwards 1872	SPECIES			leucogaster	Murina	Murina	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Rech. Hist. Nat. Mammifères p.252		leucogastra  Thomas, 1899; rubex Thomas, 1916.	NE India, Nepal, S China, W Thailand.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Murina. Does not include hilgendorfi; see Yoshiyuki (1989). Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997).	Greater Tube-nosed Bat
13802665	Murina leucogaster subsp. leucogaster	Milne-Edwards 1872	SUBSPECIES		leucogaster	leucogaster	Murina	Murina	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Rech. Hist. Nat. Mammifères p.252						
13802666	Murina leucogaster subsp. rubex	Thomas 1916	SUBSPECIES		rubex	leucogaster	Murina	Murina	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802667	Murina puta	Kishida 1924	SPECIES			puta	Murina	Murina	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Zool. Mag. (Tokyo) vol.36 p.127			Taiwan.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	Subgenus Murina. Closely related to and possibly conspecific with huttoni, see Yoshiyuki (1989).	Taiwanese Tube-nosed Bat
13802668	Murina rozendaali	Hill and Francis 1984	SPECIES			rozendaali	Murina	Murina	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Zool.) vol.47 p.319			Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Murina. Reviewed by Francis (1997).	Gilded Tube-nosed Bat
13802669	Murina ryukyuana	Maeda and Matsumura 1998	SPECIES			ryukyuana	Murina	Murina	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Zool. Sci. vol.15 p.303			Northern Okinawa Isl (Japan); known only from the type locality.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Data Deficient.	Subgenus Murina.	Ryukyu Tube-nosed Bat
13802670	Murina silvatica	Yoshiyuki 1983	SPECIES			silvatica	Murina	Murina	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo, ser. A(Zool.) vol.9 p.141			Japan, including Tsushima Isls.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Murina. Includes specimens formerly included in aurata or ussuriensis. Reviewed by Yoshiyuki (1989).	Forest Tube-nosed Bat
13802671	Murina suilla	Temminck 1840	SPECIES			suilla	Murina	Murina	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Monogr. Mamm. vol.2 p.224		balstoni  Thomas, 1908; canescens Thomas, 1923.	Java, Sumatra, Borneo, W Malaysia, nearby small islands. Reports of this species from Sulawesi, Peleng Isl, and New Guinea are doubtfull, see discussion in Corbet and Hill (1992).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Murina. Includes balstoni and canescens, see Koopman (1989a) and Corbet and Hill (1992). See also Francis (1997).	Brown Tube-nosed Bat
13802672	Murina suilla subsp. suilla	Temminck 1840	SUBSPECIES		suilla	suilla	Murina	Murina	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Monogr. Mamm. vol.2 p.224						
13802673	Murina suilla subsp. canescens	Thomas 1923	SUBSPECIES		canescens	suilla	Murina	Murina	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802674	Murina tenebrosa	Yoshiyuki 1970	SPECIES			tenebrosa	Murina	Murina	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo vol.13 p.195			Tsushima Isls (Japan), perhaps Yakushima (Ryukyu Isls, Japan).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Critically Endangered.	Subgenus Murina. Reviewed by Yoshiyuki (1989).	Gloomy Tube-nosed Bat
13802675	Murina tubinaris	Scully 1881	SPECIES			tubinaris	Murina	Murina	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1881 p.200			Pakistan, N India, Burma, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Murina. Listed as a subspecies of huttoni by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), but apparently distinct, see Hill (1963a, 1983), Bates and Harrison (1997), Sinha (1999), and Hendrichsen et al. (2001b). Koopman and Danforth (1989) suggested that tubinaris may be conspecific with suilla, but this has not been supported by recent authors.	Scully's Tube-nosed Bat
13802676	Murina ussuriensis	Ognev 1913	SPECIES			ussuriensis	Murina	Murina	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mus. Zool. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersbourg vol.18 p.402			Ussuri region, Kurile Isls, and Sakhalin (Russia); Korea.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Endangered.	Subgenus Murina. Formerly included in aurata, see Maeda (1980) and Corbet (1978c). Japanese populations have been separated as M. silvatica.	Ussurian Tube-nosed Bat
13802677	Kerivoulinae	Miller 1907	SUBFAMILY						Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus. vol.57 p.232						
13802678	Kerivoula	Gray 1842	GENUS					Kerivoula	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.10 p.258	Vespertilio pictus Pallas, 1767, by subsequent designation (Peters, 1866).	Cerivoula  Blanford, 1891; Nyctophylax Fitzinger, 1861.			Does not include Phoniscus. Koopman (1982, 1993, 1994) and Ryan (1965) considered Phoniscus to be congeneric with Kerivoula, but see Hill (1965) and Corbet and Hill (1980, 1991, 1992). Characters separating these genera were summarized by Corbet and Hill (1992).	
13802679	Kerivoula africana	Dobson 1878	SPECIES			africana		Kerivoula	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Cat. Chiroptera Brit. Mus. p.335			Tanzania.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Data Deficient.	See Burgess et al. (2000).	Tanzanian Woolly Bat
13802680	Kerivoula agnella	Thomas 1908	SPECIES			agnella		Kerivoula	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.2 p.372			Louisiade Arch., Woodlark and D'Entrecasteaux Isls (Papua New Guinea).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	See Flannery (1995b) and Bonaccorso (1998).	St. Aignan's Woolly Bat
13802681	Kerivoula argentata	Tomes 1861	SPECIES			argentata		Kerivoula	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1861 p.32		nidicola  Kirk, 1865; zuluensis Roberts, 1924.	Uganda and S Kenya to Malawi, Angola, Namibia and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	See Taylor (2000a) for distribution map.	Damara Woolly Bat
13802682	Kerivoula argentata subsp. argentata	Tomes 1861	SUBSPECIES		argentata	argentata		Kerivoula	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1861 p.32		&nbsp; 				
13802683	Kerivoula argentata subsp. nidicola	Kirk 1865	SUBSPECIES		nidicola	argentata		Kerivoula	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802684	Kerivoula argentata subsp. zuluensis	Roberts 1924	SUBSPECIES		zuluensis	argentata		Kerivoula	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802685	Kerivoula cuprosa	Thomas 1912	SPECIES			cuprosa		Kerivoula	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.10 p.41			N Dem. Rep. Congo, S Cameroon. A record of this species from Kenya was based on a specimen subsequently reidentified as smithii (J. Fahr, pers. comm.)	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).		Copper Woolly Bat
13802686	Kerivoula eriophora	Heuglin 1877	SPECIES			eriophora		Kerivoula	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Reise Nordost-Afrika vol.2 p.34			Ethiopia.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Very poorly known; may be conspecific with africana which it antedates; see Hayman and Hill (1971).	Ethiopian Woolly Bat
13802687	Kerivoula flora	Thomas 1914	SPECIES			flora		Kerivoula	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.13 p.441			Borneo, Lesser Sunda Isls, Bali, Sumbawa, and Sumba (Indonesia; see Corbet and Hill, 1992); possibly Vietnam and Thailand (see Hendrichsen et al., 2001b).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Hendrichsen et al. (2001b) and Vanitharani et al. (2003); also see Hill and Rozendaal (1989).	Flores Woolly Bat
13900006	Smutsia	Gray 1865	SUBGENUS				Smutsia	Manis	Manidae	Pholidota							
13802688	Kerivoula hardwickii	Horsfield 1824	SPECIES			hardwickii		Kerivoula	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Zool. Res. Java vol.Part 8 p.p. 4(unno.) of Vespertilio Temminckii acct		crypta  Wroughton and Ryley, 1913; depressa Miller, 1906; engana Miller, 1906; fusca Dobson, 1871; malpasi Phillips, 1932.	India and Sri Lanka, Burma, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Thailand, China, W Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Nusa Penida, Mentawai Isls, Sulawesi, Bali, Lesser Sundas, Kangean Isl and Talaud Isl (Indonesia), Philippines.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Does not include flora; see Hill and Rozendaal (1989). Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997) and Hendrichsen et al. (2001b). Multiple subspecies have been recognized in the past, but recent studies suggest that these are not justified; see Corbet and Hill (1992) and Sinha (1999). This taxon is sometimes spelled hardwickei or hardwicki but most recent authors (e.g., Corbet and Hill, 1992; Koopman, 1993; Sinha, 1999; Hendrichsen et al., 2001b) have used the spelling hardwickii.	Hardwicke's Woolly Bat
13802689	Kerivoula intermedia	Hill and Francis 1984	SPECIES			intermedia		Kerivoula	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Zool.) vol.47 p.323			Borneo, W Malaysia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).		Small Woolly Bat
13802690	Kerivoula lanosa	A. Smith 1847	SPECIES			lanosa		Kerivoula	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Illustr. Zool. S. Afr. Mamm. p.pl. 50		brunnea  Dobson, 1878; harrisoni Thomas, 1901; lucia Hinton, 1920; lueia Kershaw, 1922;<u> </u>muscilla Thomas, 1906; bellula Aellen, 1959.	Guinea and Liberia to Ethiopia, south to South Africa.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes harrisoni and muscilla; see Hill (1977a). See Cotterill (1996) for range map.	Lesser Woolly Bat
13802691	Kerivoula lanosa subsp. lanosa	A. Smith 1847	SUBSPECIES		lanosa	lanosa		Kerivoula	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Illustr. Zool. S. Afr. Mamm. p.pl. 50						
13802692	Kerivoula lanosa subsp. harrisoni	Thomas 1901	SUBSPECIES		harrisoni	lanosa		Kerivoula	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802693	Kerivoula lanosa subsp. lucia	Hinton 1920	SUBSPECIES		lucia	lanosa		Kerivoula	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802694	Kerivoula lanosa subsp. muscilla	Thomas 1906	SUBSPECIES		muscilla	lanosa		Kerivoula	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802695	Kerivoula lenis	Thomas 1916	SPECIES			lenis		Kerivoula	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. vol.24 p.416			NE and S India, W Malaysia, Sabah.	IUCN 2003  Not evaluated; not considered in IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001).	Formerly included in papillosa but clearly distinct; see Vanitharani et al. (2003).	Lenis Woolly Bat
13802696	Kerivoula minuta	Miller 1898	SPECIES			minuta		Kerivoula	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. vol.50 p.321			W Malaysia, S Thailand, Borneo.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).		Least Woolly Bat
13802697	Kerivoula muscina	Tate 1941	SPECIES			muscina		Kerivoula	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.78 p.586			C New Guinea.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	See Flannery (1995a) and Bonaccorso (1998).	Fly River Woolly Bat
13802698	Kerivoula myrella	Thomas 1914	SPECIES			myrella		Kerivoula	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.13 p.438			Bismarck Arch.; possibly Wetar Isl (Lesser Sunda Isls).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Vulnerable.	Specimens from Wetar Isl reported by Hill and Rozendaal (1989) may represent hardwickii; see Bonaccorso (1998). See Flannery (1995b).	Bismarck's Woolly Bat
13802699	Kerivoula papillosa	Temminck 1840	SPECIES			papillosa		Kerivoula	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Monogr. Mamm. vol.2 p.220		malayana  Chasen, 1940.	Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, W Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, Borneo.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Does not include lenis; see Vanitharani et al. (2003). See Hill (1983) and Corbet and Hill (1992) for discussion of subspecies. Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997). Some specimens referred to this species may represent lenis, which apprears to be broadly sympatric with papillosa (Vanitharani et al., 2003).	Papillose Woolly Bat
13802700	Kerivoula papillosa subsp. papillosa	Temminck 1840	SUBSPECIES		papillosa	papillosa		Kerivoula	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Monogr. Mamm. vol.2 p.220		&nbsp; 				
13802701	Kerivoula papillosa subsp. malayana	Chasen 1940	SUBSPECIES		malayana	papillosa		Kerivoula	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802702	Kerivoula pellucida	Waterhouse 1845	SPECIES			pellucida		Kerivoula	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1845 p.6		bombifrons  Lyon, 1911.	Borneo, Philippines, Java and Sumatra, W Malaysia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes bombifrons; see Hill (1965).	Clear-winged Woolly Bat
13802703	Kerivoula phalaena	Thomas 1912	SPECIES			phalaena		Kerivoula	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.10 p.281			Liberia, Ghana, Cameroon, Republic of Congo, Dem. Rep. Congo.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).		Spurrell's Woolly Bat
13900007	Uromanis	Pocock 1924	SUBGENUS				Uromanis	Manis	Manidae	Pholidota							
13900008	Phataginus	Rafinesque 1821	SUBGENUS				Phataginus	Manis	Manidae	Pholidota							
14000060	Felis silvestris subsp. caucasica	Satunin 1905	SUBSPECIES		caucasica	silvestris		Felis	Felidae	Carnivora							
13802704	Kerivoula picta	Pallas 1767	SPECIES			picta		Kerivoula	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Spicil. Zool. vol.3 p.7		kirivoula  F. Cuvier, 1832; rubellus Kerr, 1792; bellissima Thomas, 1906.	Sri Lanka; India and Nepal to Vietnam, W Malaysia, and S China; Borneo; Sumatra, Java, Bali, Lombok, and Molucca Isls.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed in part by Bates and Harrison (1997). Also see Flannery (1995b).	Painted Woolly Bat
13802705	Kerivoula picta subsp. picta	Pallas 1767	SUBSPECIES		picta	picta		Kerivoula	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Spicil. Zool. vol.3 p.7						
13802706	Kerivoula picta subsp. bellissima	Thomas 1906	SUBSPECIES		bellissima	picta		Kerivoula	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802707	Kerivoula smithii	Thomas 1880	SPECIES			smithii		Kerivoula	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5 vol.6 p.166			Nigeria, Cameroon, N and E Dem. Rep. Congo, Kenya. Previous records from Côte dIvoire and Liberia are apparently erroneous (J. Fahr, pers. comm.)	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (nt).	Sometimes mispelled smithi but the original spelling is smithii.	Smith's Woolly Bat
13802708	Kerivoula whiteheadi	Thomas 1894	SPECIES			whiteheadi		Kerivoula	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.14 p.460		bicolor  Thomas, 1904;<u></u>pusilla Thomas, 1894.	Philippines, Borneo, S Thailand, W Malaysia.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Hill (1965) and Corbet and Hill (1992).	Whitehead's Woolly Bat
13802709	Kerivoula whiteheadi subsp. whiteheadi	Thomas 1894	SUBSPECIES		whiteheadi	whiteheadi		Kerivoula	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.14 p.460		&nbsp; 				
13802710	Kerivoula whiteheadi subsp. bicolor	Thomas 1904	SUBSPECIES		bicolor	whiteheadi		Kerivoula	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802711	Kerivoula whiteheadi subsp. pusilla	Thomas 1894	SUBSPECIES		pusilla	whiteheadi		Kerivoula	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
13802712	Phoniscus	Miller 1905	GENUS					Phoniscus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.18 p.229	Phoniscus atrox Miller, 1905.				Distinct from Kerivoula. Koopman (1982, 1993, 1994) and Ryan (1965) considered Phoniscus to be congeneric with Kerivoula, but see Hill (1965) and Corbet and Hill (1980, 1992). Characters separating these genera were summarized by Corbet and Hill (1992).	
13802713	Phoniscus aerosa	Tomes 1858	SPECIES			aerosa		Phoniscus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1858 p.333			Possibly South Africa, but more likely somewhere in SE Asia; known only from two syntypes that may have been incorrectly localized (Corbet and Hill, 1992).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Data Deficient as Kerivoula aerosa.	See Hill (1965) and Corbet and Hill (1992) for discussion of the uncertain affinties of this species.	Dubious Trumpet-eared Bat
13802714	Phoniscus atrox	Miller 1905	SPECIES			atrox		Phoniscus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.18 p.230			S Thailand, W Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo.	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc) as Kerivoula atrox.	Discussed by Hill and Francis (1984) and Corbet and Hill (1992).	Groove-toothed Trumpet-eared Bat
13802715	Phoniscus jagorii	Peters 1866	SPECIES			jagorii		Phoniscus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1866 p.399		javana  Thomas, 1880; rapax Miller, 1931.	Laos; Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Java, Bali, Sulawesi, and Lesser Sunda Isls, Samar Isl (Philippines).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc) as Kerivoula jagori.	See Hill (1965) and Kingston et al. (1997). Specimens from Laos are slightly smaller than those reported from elsewhere (Robinson and Webber, 2000), and may represent a distinct taxon. Sometimes spelled jagori.	Peters's Trumpet-eared Bat
14000009	Acinonyx jubatus subsp. raineyi	Heller 1913	SUBSPECIES		raineyi	jubatus		Acinonyx	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000010	Acinonyx jubatus subsp. soemmeringii	Fitzinger 1855	SUBSPECIES		soemmeringii	jubatus		Acinonyx	Felidae	Carnivora							
13802716	Phoniscus papuensis	Dobson 1878	SPECIES			papuensis		Phoniscus	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Cat. Chiroptera Brit. Mus. p.339			SE New Guinea, Biak-Supiori Isl, Queensland and New South Wales (Australia).	IUCN 2003 and IUCN/SSC Action Plan (2001)  Lower Risk (lc) as Kerivoula papuensis.	See Flannery (1995a, b) and Bonaccorso (1998).	Golden-tipped Bat
13900002	Manidae	Gray 1821	FAMILY						Manidae	Pholidota	London Med. Repos. vol.15 p.305						
13900003	Manis	Linnaeus 1758	GENUS					Manis	Manidae	Pholidota	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.36	Manis pentadactyla Linnaeus, 1758.	Pangolin  Gray, 1873; Pangolinus Rafinesque, 1815; Pangolinus Rafinesque, 1821; Paramanis Pocock, 1824; Phatages Sundevall, 1843; Phatagin Gray, 1865; Phataginus Rafinesque, 1821; Pholidotus Brisson, 1762; Smutsia Gray, 1865; Triglochinopolis Fitzinger, 1872; Uromanis Pocock, 1924.			Family reviewed by Mohr (1961). Morphological evidence suggests a subdivision of the genus into two genera (Manis and Phataginus), see Corbet and Hill (1992) and Patterson (1978); or four subgenera (Manis, Paramanis, Smutsia, and Uromanis), see Meester (1972a), Meester et al. (1986), and Mohr (1961). Gaudin and Wible (1999) conducted a cladistical analysis of 67 cranial characters in extant pangolins plus one fossil genus and found that the Asian pangolins form a monophyletic clade while the African species form a paraphyletic assemblage.	
14000069	Felis silvestris subsp. iraki	Cheesman 1921	SUBSPECIES		iraki	silvestris		Felis	Felidae	Carnivora							
13900009	Manis crassicaudata	E. Geoffroy 1803	SPECIES			crassicaudata	Manis	Manis	Manidae	Pholidota	Cat. Mamm. Mus. H. N. Paris p.213		crassicaudata  Gray, 1827; indicus (Gray, 1865).	E Pakistan; India; Bangladesh; Sri Lanka.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Manis. Formerly erroneously called pentadactyla; see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), Emry (1970), and Corbet and Hill (1992). Probably includes laticauda Illiger, 1815, a nomen nudum. Chromosomes reported by Aswathanayana (2000).	Indian Pangolin
13900010	Manis culionensis	de Elera 1915	SPECIES			culionensis	Paramanis	Manis	Manidae	Pholidota	Cont. Fauna Filipina, Manila, Col. Santo Tomás p.274		culionensis  (de Elera, 1895) [nomen nudum].	Palawan and adjacent islands, Philippines.		Subgenus Paramanis. A synonym of javanica according to Corbet and Hill (1992:19) but accorded specific rank by Lawrence (1939:70), Sanborn (1952a:114) and Feiler (1998:161).	Philippine Pangolin
13900011	Manis gigantea	Illiger 1815	SPECIES			gigantea	Smutsia	Manis	Manidae	Pholidota	Abh. Phys. Klasse K. Pruess Konigl. Akad. Wiss. p.84		africanus  (Gray, 1865); wagneri Fitzinger, 1872.	Senegal to W Kenya, south to Rwanda, C Dem. Rep. Congo and SW Angola.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Smutsia.	Giant Pangolin
13900012	Manis javanica	Desmarest 1822	SPECIES			javanica	Paramanis	Manis	Manidae	Pholidota	Mammalogie, in Encycl. Méth. vol.2 p.377		aspera  Sundevall, 1843; guy Focillon, 1850; labuanensis (Fitzinger, 1872); leptura Blyth, 1842; leucura Blyth, 1847; malaccensis (Fitzinger, 1872); sumatrensis Ludeking, 1862.	Burma; Thailand; S Laos; C and S Vietnam; Cambodia; Malaysia; Sumatra; Java; Borneo; adjacent islands.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Paramanis. Formerly included culionensis (Corbet and Hill, 1992:19).	Sunda Pangolin
13900013	Manis pentadactyla	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			pentadactyla	Manis	Manis	Manidae	Pholidota	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.36		brachyura  Erxleben, 1777; auritus Hodgson, 1836; assamensis (Fitzinger, 1872); bengalensis (Fitzinger, 1872); dalmanni Sundevall, 1843; kreyenbergi (Matschie, 1907); pusilla J. Allen, 1906.	E Nepal; NE India; E Bangladesh; Burma; Thailand; N Cambodia; N Laos; N Vietnam; C and S China, including Hainan Isl; Taiwan.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Manis. Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951:214) recognized three subspecies. Zhang and Shi (1991) analyzed mtDNA in two scale color morphs and concluded they could represent two taxa but Su-Bing et al (1994) concluded from protein polymorphisms that the two morphs were indistinguishable.	Chinese Pangolin
13900014	Manis pentadactyla subsp. pentadactyla	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		pentadactyla	pentadactyla	Manis	Manis	Manidae	Pholidota	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.36						
13900015	Manis pentadactyla subsp. auritus	Hodgson 1836	SUBSPECIES		auritus	pentadactyla	Manis	Manis	Manidae	Pholidota							
13900016	Manis pentadactyla subsp. pusilla	J. Allen 1906	SUBSPECIES		pusilla	pentadactyla	Manis	Manis	Manidae	Pholidota							
13900017	Manis temminckii	Smuts 1832	SPECIES			temminckii	Smutsia	Manis	Manidae	Pholidota	Enumer. Mamm. Capensium p.54		hedenborgii  (Fitzinger, 1872).	N South Africa; N and E Namibia; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Botswana; S Angola; S Zambia; SE Dem. Rep. Congo; S Rwanda; Malawi; Tanzania; E Uganda; W Kenya; S Sudan; S Chad.	CITES  Appendix II; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Smutsia. Reviewed by Stuart (1980).	Ground Pangolin
14000011	Acinonyx jubatus subsp. velox	Heller 1913	SUBSPECIES		velox	jubatus		Acinonyx	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000012	Acinonyx jubatus subsp. venaticus	Griffith 1821	SUBSPECIES		venaticus	jubatus		Acinonyx	Felidae	Carnivora							
13900018	Manis tetradactyla	Linnaeus 1766	SPECIES			tetradactyla	Uromanis	Manis	Manidae	Pholidota	Syst. Nat., 12th ed. vol.1 p.53		africana  Desmarest, 1822; ceonyx Rafinesque, 1820; guineensis Fitzinger, 1872; hessi Noack, 1889; longicaudatus (Brisson, 1756); longicaudatus (Brisson, 1762); macroura Erxleben, 1777; senegalensis Fitzinger, 1872.	Equatorial Africa from Senegal and Gambia to W Uganda, south to SW Angola.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Uromanis. The name longicaudatus Brisson, 1756, is unavailable; see Mohr (1961) and Meester (1972a).	Long-tailed Pangolin
13900019	Manis tricuspis	Rafinesque 1821	SPECIES			tricuspis	Phataginus	Manis	Manidae	Pholidota	Ann. Sci. Phys. Brux. vol.7 p.215		multiscutata  Gray, 1843; tridentata Focillon, 1850; mabirae (Allen and Loveridge, 1942).	Equatorial Africa from Senegal to W Kenya, south to NW Zambia and SW Angola; NE Mozambique; Bioko (Equatorial Guinea).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Phataginus. Meester (1972a:2) recognized two subspecies. Includes tridentata described from "coastal Mozambique"; see Ansell (1982:35).	Tree Pangolin
13900020	Manis tricuspis subsp. tricuspis	Rafinesque 1821	SUBSPECIES		tricuspis	tricuspis	Phataginus	Manis	Manidae	Pholidota	Ann. Sci. Phys. Brux. vol.7 p.215						
13900021	Manis tricuspis subsp. mabirae	Allen and Loveridge 1942	SUBSPECIES		mabirae	tricuspis	Phataginus	Manis	Manidae	Pholidota							
14000001	Carnivora	Bowdich 1821	ORDER							Carnivora						Higher taxonomic arrangement follows that of McKenna and Bell (1997), except that Ailuridae, Eupleridae, Mephitidae, and Odobenidae are raised to Family rank.	
14000002	FELIFORMIA	Kretzoi 1945	SUBORDER							Carnivora							
14000061	Felis silvestris subsp. caudata	Gray 1874	SUBSPECIES		caudata	silvestris		Felis	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000062	Felis silvestris subsp. chutuchta	Birula 1916	SUBSPECIES		chutuchta	silvestris		Felis	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000003	Felidae	Fischer de Waldheim 1817	FAMILY						Felidae	Carnivora	Mém. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscow vol.5 p.372		Euailuroida Kretzoi, 1929; Felinoidea Brunet, 1979; Feloidae Hay, 1930; Feloidea Simpson, 1931; Lyncina Gray 1867.			Revised by Pocock (1917a, b, 1951), Weigel (1961), de Beaumont (1964), Hemmer (1978), Král and Zima (1980), Kratochvíl (1982c), Groves (1982a), Collier and O'Brien (1985), Salles (1992), Johnson and O'Brien (1997), McKenna and Bell (1997), Bininda-Emonds et al. (1999), and Mattern and McLennan (2000). Some (Honacki et al., 1982; McKenna and Bell, 1997; Van Gelder, 1977b) have followed Simpson (1945) and placed the majority of taxa in Felis, except for the large cats (i.e., Panthera and Acinonyx); however, this is not well supported by primary systematic studies and only poorly represents relationships below the family level. Most studies agree on the clear separation of the "big cats" (i.e., Panthera, Neofelis, Uncia) from the remainder. However, within the remaining group, there does not appear to be a clear consensus. Even the cheetahs (Acinonyx) traditional position has been called into question ... [truncated]	
14000004	Felinae	Fischer de Waldheim 1817	SUBFAMILY						Felidae	Carnivora	Mém. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscow vol.5 p.372		Acinonychinae Pocock, 1917; Guepardina Gray, 1867; Lyncini Kalandadze and Rautian, 1992; Profelina Kalandadze and Rautian, 1992; Therailurini Kalandadze and Rautian, 1992.			A comparison of four recent phylogenetic analyses of the non-pantherine cats shows little consensus at branch points other than those that might be recognized as genera. For this reason all non-pantherine cats are tentatively grouped together in the Felinae. Synonyms allocated according to McKenna and Bell (1997).	
14000005	Acinonyx	Brookes 1828	GENUS					Acinonyx	Felidae	Carnivora	Cat. Anat. Zool. Mus. Joshua Brookes, London p.16, 33	Acinonyx venator Brookes, 1828 (= Felis jubata Schreber, 1775), by monotypy (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1956a; Melville and Smith, 1987).	Acinomyx  de Beaumont, 1964; Cynaelurus Gloger, 1841; Cynailurus Wagner, 1830; Cynofelis Lesson, 1842; Guepar Boitard 1842; Gueparda Gray 1843; Guepardus Duvernoy, 1834; Paracinonyx Kretzoi, 1929.			Wozencraft (1993) placed Acinonyx in the monophyletic subfamily Acinonychinae. Salles (1992), Johnson and O'Brien (1997), Bininda-Emonds et al. (1999), and Mattern and McLennan (2000) considered Acinonyx, Puma concolor, and Puma (= Herpailurus) yagouaroundi to represent close sister groups. Synonyms allocated according to McKenna and Bell (1997).	
14000006	Acinonyx jubatus	Schreber 1775	SPECIES			jubatus		Acinonyx	Felidae	Carnivora	Die Säugethiere vol.2 15 p.pl. 105[1775]; also see text 3(22):392 [1777]		guttata  (Hermann, 1804); fearonii (A. Smith, 1834); fearonis (Fitzinger, 1869); lanea (Sclater, 1877); obergi Hilzheimer, 1913; rex Pocock, 1927; hecki Hilzheimer, 1913; senegalensis (de Blainville, 1843) [preoccupied]; raineyi Heller, 1913; ngorongorensis Hilzheimer, 1913; soemmeringii (Fitzinger, 1855); megabalica (Heuglin, 1863); wagneri Hilzheimer, 1913; velox Heller, 1913; venaticus (Griffith, 1821); raddei Hilzheimer, 1913; venator Brookes, 1828.	Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Dem. Rep. Congo, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Recently extinct: Afghanistan, Burundi, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Uzbekistan, Western Sahara, Yemen.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Critically Endangered as A. j. venaticus, Endangered as A. j. hecki, otherwise Vulnerable.	Placed in Acinonyx by Pocock (1917b), Weigel (1961), Hemmer (1978), Král and Zima (1980), Kratochvíl (1982c), and Groves (1982a). Subspecies and their synonyms allocated according to G. M. Allen (1939) and Ellerman et al. (1953).	Cheetah
14000007	Acinonyx jubatus subsp. jubatus	Schreber 1775	SUBSPECIES		jubatus	jubatus		Acinonyx	Felidae	Carnivora	Die Säugethiere vol.2 15 p.pl. 105[1775]; also see text 3(22):392 [1777]						
14000008	Acinonyx jubatus subsp. hecki	Hilzheimer 1913	SUBSPECIES		hecki	jubatus		Acinonyx	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000013	Caracal	Gray 1843	GENUS					Caracal	Felidae	Carnivora	List. Spec. Mamm. Coll. Brit. Mus. p.46	Caracal melanotis Gray, 1843 (= Felis caracal Schreber, 1776) by monotypy.	Caracala  Gray, 1843 [nomen nudum]; Urolynchus Severtzov, 1858			Recent studies (Groves, 1982a; Král and Zima, 1980) emphasized the closeness of this taxon to Felis and the separation of it from Lynx (sensu Simpson, 1945). Weigel (1961), Hemmer (1978), and Werdelin (1981) placed caracal Schreber in the monotypic Caracal followed here (placed in Urolynchus by Kratochvíl, 1982c). Bininda-Emonds et al. (1999) and Mattern and McLennan (2000) considered Caracal the sister taxon to Leptailurus serval. However Mattern and McLennan then considered this pair related to Profelis aurata whereas Bininda-Emonds et al. (1999) placed it with more typical Felis. Johnson and O'Brien (1997) considered C. caracal and P. aurata to be sister groups. McKenna and Bell (1997) placed Caracal in Felis (Lynx).	
14000030	Felis bieti	Milne-Edwards 1892	SPECIES			bieti		Felis	Felidae	Carnivora	Rev. Gen. Sci. Pures Appl. vol.3 p.671		pallida  Büchner, 1892; subpallida Jacobi, 1923.	China (E Qinghai and N Sichuan; see He et al., 2004).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Vulnerable.	Haltenorth (1953) suggested chutuchta and vellerosa belonged in silvestris (followed here). F. bieti, margarita, nigripes, and chaus are considered closely related by Hemmer (1978), Collier and O'Brien (1985), Salles (1992), and Bininda-Emonds et al. (1999).	Chinese Mountain Cat
14000063	Felis silvestris subsp. cretensis	Haltenorth 1953	SUBSPECIES		cretensis	silvestris		Felis	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000014	Caracal caracal	Schreber 1776	SPECIES			caracal		Caracal	Felidae	Carnivora	Die Säugethiere vol.3 16 p.pl. 110[1776]; see als text 3(24):413, 587[1777]		coloniae  Thomas, 1926; melanotis Gray, 1843; melanotix Gray, 1843; roothi (Roberts, 1926); algira (Wagner, 1841); berberorum Matschie, 1892; corylinus (Matschie, 1912); medjerdae (Matschie, 1912); spatzi (Matschie, 1912); damarensis (Roberts, 1926); limpopoensis (Roberts, 1926); lucani (Rochebrune, 1885); nubica (J. B. Fischer, 1829); poecilotis Thomas and Hinton, 1921; schmitzi (Matschie, 1912); aharonii (Matschie, 1912); bengalensis (J. B. Fischer, 1829) [preoccupied]; michaelis Heptner, 1945.	Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso (?), Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Côte d'Ivoire, Dem. Rep. Congo, Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lebanon, Lesotho, Libya, Malawi, Mali (?), Mauritania, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Syrian Arab Republic, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe.	CITES  Appendix I (Asian population); otherwise, Appendix II; IUCN  Least Concern.	J. A. Allen (1924) discussed the authority. Subspecies allocated according to G. M. Allen (1939), Ellerman et al. (1953), and Smithers (1971).	Caracal
14000015	Caracal caracal subsp. caracal	Schreber 1776	SUBSPECIES		caracal	caracal		Caracal	Felidae	Carnivora	Die Säugethiere vol.3 16 p.pl. 110[1776]; see als text 3(24):413, 587[1777]						
14000016	Caracal caracal subsp. algira	Wagner 1841	SUBSPECIES		algira	caracal		Caracal	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000017	Caracal caracal subsp. damarensis	Roberts 1926	SUBSPECIES		damarensis	caracal		Caracal	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000018	Caracal caracal subsp. limpopoensis	Roberts 1926	SUBSPECIES		limpopoensis	caracal		Caracal	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000019	Caracal caracal subsp. lucani	Rochebrune 1885	SUBSPECIES		lucani	caracal		Caracal	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000020	Caracal caracal subsp. nubica	J. B. Fischer 1829	SUBSPECIES		nubica	caracal		Caracal	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000021	Caracal caracal subsp. poecilotis	Thomas and Hinton 1921	SUBSPECIES		poecilotis	caracal		Caracal	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000022	Caracal caracal subsp. schmitzi	Matschie 1912	SUBSPECIES		schmitzi	caracal		Caracal	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000023	Catopuma	Severtzov 1858	GENUS					Catopuma	Felidae	Carnivora	Rev. Mag. Zool. Paris, ser. 2 vol.10 p.387	Felis moormensis Hodgson, 1831 (= Felis temminckii Vigors and Horsfield, 1827), by monotypy.	Badiofelis  Pocock, 1932.			Catopuma is the sister group to Profelis aurata according to Bininda-Emonds et al. (1999); however, Mattern and McLennan (2000) placed it next to more typical Felis. McKenna and Bell (1997) placed it in Felis (Profelis). Bininda-Emonds et al. (1999) and Mattern and McLennan (2000) demonstrated that C. badia and C. temmincki are sister taxa.	
14000024	Catopuma badia	Gray 1874	SPECIES			badia		Catopuma	Felidae	Carnivora	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1874 p.322			Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia (Kalimantan), Malaysia (Sabah, Sarawak).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Endangered.	Placed in Catopuma by Hemmer (1978) and Groves (1982a). Placed in the monotypic Badiofelis by Pocock (1932d), and followed by Weigel (1961), and Johnson and O'Brien (1997).	Bay Cat
14000025	Catopuma temminckii	Vigors and Horsfield 1827	SPECIES			temminckii		Catopuma	Felidae	Carnivora	Zool. J. vol.3 p.451		aurata  (Blyth, 1863); bainsei (Sowerby, 1924); moormensis (Hodgson, 1831); nigrescens (Gray, 1863); dominicanorum (Sclater, 1898); badiodorsalis (Howell, 1926); dominicorum (Howell, 1929); melli (Matschie, 1922); mitchelli (Lydekker, 1908); tristis (Milne-Edwards, 1872); semenovi (Satunin, 1905).	Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia (Sumatra), Laos, Malaysia, Burma, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Vulnerable.	Placed in Catopuma by Hemmer (1978) and Groves (1982a). Placed in Profelis by Pocock (1932d), followed by Weigel (1961), Král and Zima (1980), Kratochvíl (1982c), and Johnson and O'Brien (1997). Includes tristis after Pocock (1932d). Subspecies allocated according to Ellerman et al. (1953).	Asian Golden Cat
14000026	Catopuma temminckii subsp. temminckii	Vigors and Horsfield 1827	SUBSPECIES		temminckii	temminckii		Catopuma	Felidae	Carnivora	Zool. J. vol.3 p.451						
14000027	Catopuma temminckii subsp. dominicanorum	Sclater 1898	SUBSPECIES		dominicanorum	temminckii		Catopuma	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000029	Felis	Linnaeus 1758	GENUS					Felis	Felidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.41	Felis catus Linnaeus, 1758, by Linnean tautonymy (Melville and Smith, 1987).	Avitofelis  Kretzoi, 1930; Catolynx Severtzov, 1858; Catus Frisch, 1775; Chaus Gray, 1843; Eremaelurus Ognev, 1927; Mamfelisus Herrera, 1899; Microfelis Roberts, 1926; Otailurus Severtzov, 1858; Otocolobus Brandt, 1842; Poliailurus Lönnberg, 1925; Trichaelurus Satunin, 1905.			Revised by Schwangart (1943), Pocock (1951), and Haltenorth (1953). Subspecies allocated according to McKenna and Bell (1997) and Kitchener (pers. comm.). Opinion 91 (1926) and Direction 24 (1955b) of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature declared the type of Felis to be Felis catus Linnaeus, 1758.	
14000070	Felis silvestris subsp. jordansi	Schwarz 1930	SUBSPECIES		jordansi	silvestris		Felis	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000031	Felis catus	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			catus		Felis	Felidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.41		agria  Bate, 1906; angorensis Gmelin, 1788; antiquorum J. B. Fischer, 1829; aureus Kerr, 1792; bouvieri Rochebrune, 1883; brevicaudata Schinz, 1844; caerulea Erxleben, 1777; cumana Schinz, 1844; daemon Satunin, 1904; domestica Erxleben, 1777; hispanica Erxleben, 1777; huttoni Blyth, 1846; inconspicua Gray, 1837; japonica J. B. Fischer, 1829; longiceps Bechstein, 1800; madagascariensis Kerr, 1792; megalotis Müller, 1839; pulchella Gray, 1837; rubra Gmelin, 1788; siamensis Trouessart, 1904; sinensis Kerr, 1792; striaas Bechstein, 1800; syriaca J. B. Fischer, 1829; tralatitia J. B. Fischer, 1829; vulgaris J. B. Fischer, 1829.	Cosmopolitan. Specifically reported in: Albania, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Crete, Croatia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Scotland, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Turkey.	CITES  specifically excluded from protection.	Also see comments under Felis and Felis silvestris. Synonyms allocated according to Pocock (1951) and should be considered provisional. There has been almost universal use of F. catus for the domestic cat and silvestris for wild cats. Several authors have treated the domestic cat as separate from the wildcats (Corbet and Hill, 1991; Daniels et al., 1998; Kitchener, 1991; Mattern and McLennan, 2000; Nowak, 1999; Pocock, 1951; Wiseman et al., 2000); however also see Randi and Ragni (1986), Essop et al. (1997), and Johnson and OBrien (1997), who presented morphological and molecular evidence to support catus, libyca, and silvestris as conspecific. If conspecific, there would be a problem with the continued use of the name Felis silvestris (see comments therein).	Domestic Cat
14000032	Felis chaus	Schreber 1777	SPECIES			chaus		Felis	Felidae	Carnivora	Die Säugethiere vol.2 13 p.pl. 110.B[1777]; see also text, 3(24):414[1777]		catolynx Pallas, 1811; shawiana Blanford, 1876; typica de Winton, 1898; affinis Gray, 1830; erythrotus (Hodgson, 1836); jacquemontii I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1844; fulvidina Thomas, 1929; furax de Winton, 1898; chrysomelanotis (Nehring, 1902); kelaarti Pocock, 1939 [based on Felis chaus Kelaart 1852]; kutas Pearson, 1832; maimanah Zukowsky, 1915; nilotica de Winton, 1898; rüppelii Brandt, 1832 [preoccupied]; oxiana Heptner, 1969; prateri Pocock, 1939.	Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, Egypt, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Laos, Mongolia, Burma, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Sri Lanka, Syrian Arab Republic, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Vietnam.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Least Concern.	F. chaus Güldenstädt, 1776, is invalid (J. A. Allen, 1920). Subspecies allocated according to Pocock (1951) and Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951).	Jungle Cat
14000033	Felis chaus subsp. chaus	Schreber 1777	SUBSPECIES		chaus	chaus		Felis	Felidae	Carnivora	Die Säugethiere vol.2 13 p.pl. 110.B[1777]; see also text, 3(24):414[1777]						
14000035	Felis chaus subsp. fulvidina	Thomas 1929	SUBSPECIES		fulvidina	chaus		Felis	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000036	Felis chaus subsp. furax	de Winton 1898	SUBSPECIES		furax	chaus		Felis	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000037	Felis chaus subsp. kelaarti	Pocock 1939	SUBSPECIES		kelaarti	chaus		Felis	Felidae	Carnivora						Based on Felis chaus Kelaart (1852).	
14000038	Felis chaus subsp. kutas	Pearson 1832	SUBSPECIES		kutas	chaus		Felis	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000039	Felis chaus subsp. maimanah	Zukowsky 1915	SUBSPECIES		maimanah	chaus		Felis	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000040	Felis chaus subsp. nilotica	de Winton 1898	SUBSPECIES		nilotica	chaus		Felis	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000041	Felis chaus subsp. oxiana	Heptner 1969	SUBSPECIES		oxiana	chaus		Felis	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000042	Felis chaus subsp. prateri	Pocock 1939	SUBSPECIES		prateri	chaus		Felis	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000043	Felis manul	Pallas 1776	SPECIES			manul		Felis	Felidae	Carnivora	Reise Prov. Russ. Reichs vol.3 p.692		mongolica  Satunin, 1905; satuni Lydekker, 1907; ferruginea Ognev, 1928; nigripecta Hodgson, 1842.	Afghanistan, Armenia, China, India, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Near Threatened.	Revised by Pocock (1907a), Birula (1913, 1916), Ognev (1935), and Schwangart (1936). Most consider F. manul to be included with Felis (Felis) and separation into Otocolobus following Wozencraft (1993) would make Felis paraphyletic (Bininda-Emonds et al., 1999; Collier and O'Brien, 1985; Hemmer, 1978; Mattern and McLennan, 2000; Salles, 1992; Weigel, 1961). McKenna and Bell (1997) placed in Felis (Otocolobus). Subspecies allocated according to Pocock (1951) and Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951).	Pallas' Cat
14000044	Felis manul subsp. manul	Pallas 1776	SUBSPECIES		manul	manul		Felis	Felidae	Carnivora	Reise Prov. Russ. Reichs vol.3 p.692						
14000071	Felis silvestris subsp. lybica	Forster 1780	SUBSPECIES		lybica	silvestris		Felis	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000072	Felis silvestris subsp. mellandi	Schwann 1904	SUBSPECIES		mellandi	silvestris		Felis	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000047	Felis margarita	Loche 1858	SPECIES			margarita		Felis	Felidae	Carnivora	Rev. Mag. Zool. Paris, (2) vol.10 p.49		marginata  Gray, 1867; margaritae Trouessart, 1897; marguerittei Trouessart, 1905; airensis Pocock, 1951; harrisoni Hemmer, Grubb and Groves, 1976; meinertzhageni Pocock, 1938; scheffeli Hemmer 1974; thinobia (Ognev, 1927).	Afghanistan (?), Algeria, Chad, Egypt, Iran (?), Iraq (?), Israel, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Libya (?), Mali (?), Mauritania (?), Morocco, Niger, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan (?), Syrian Arab Republic (?), Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Western Sahara (?), Yemen.	CITES  Appendix II; U.S. ESA  Endangered as F. margarita scheffeli; IUCN  Near Threatened.	Revised by Schauenberg (1974) and Hemmer et al. (1976). Pocock (1951) and Schauenberg (1974) included Eremaelurus thinobia, which was recognized as separate by Haltenorth (1953) and Weigel (1961), but see discussion by Hemmer et al. (1976). Král and Zima (1980) suggested this species was closely related to F. manul. Subspecies allocated according to G. M. Allen (1939), Pocock (1951), Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), Schauenberg (1974), and Hemmer et al. (1976).	Sand Cat
14000048	Felis margarita subsp. margarita	Loche 1858	SUBSPECIES		margarita	margarita		Felis	Felidae	Carnivora	Rev. Mag. Zool. Paris, (2) vol.10 p.49						
14000049	Felis margarita subsp. airensis	Pocock 1951	SUBSPECIES		airensis	margarita		Felis	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000050	Felis margarita subsp. harrisoni	Hemmer, Grubb and Groves 1976	SUBSPECIES		harrisoni	margarita		Felis	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000051	Felis margarita subsp. meinertzhageni	Pocock 1938	SUBSPECIES		meinertzhageni	margarita		Felis	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000052	Felis margarita subsp. scheffeli	Hemmer 1974	SUBSPECIES		scheffeli	margarita		Felis	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000053	Felis margarita subsp. thinobia	Ognev 1927	SUBSPECIES		thinobia	margarita		Felis	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000054	Felis nigripes	Burchell 1824	SPECIES			nigripes		Felis	Felidae	Carnivora	Travels Interior of Southern Africa vol.2 p.592		thomasi  Shortridge, 1931.	Botswana, Namibia, South Africa.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Vulnerable.	Král and Zima (1980) noted a distinctly different karotype from other Felis. McKenna and Bell (1997) placed in Felis (Microfelis).	Black-footed Cat
14000055	Felis nigripes subsp. nigripes	Burchell 1824	SUBSPECIES		nigripes	nigripes		Felis	Felidae	Carnivora	Travels Interior of Southern Africa vol.2 p.592						
14000056	Felis nigripes subsp. thomasi	Shortridge 1931	SUBSPECIES		thomasi	nigripes		Felis	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000096	Leopardus jacobitus	Cornalia 1865	SPECIES			jacobitus		Leopardus	Felidae	Carnivora	Mem. Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. vol.1 p.5		colocolo  (Philippi, 1869).	NW Argentina, SW Bolivia, NE Chile, S Peru.	CITES  Appendix I as Oreailurus jacobitus; U. S. ESA  Endangered as Felis jacobitus; IUCN  Endangered as Oreailurus jacobita (sic).	Reviewed by Garcia-Perea (2002), Yensen and Seymour (2000), and Gray (1867b). Placed in Oreailurus by Cabrera (1940), Weigel (1961), and Hemmer (1978). Later, Cabrera (1958) reconsidered Oreailurus as a subgenus of Felis.	Andean Mountain Cat
14000137	Leptailurus serval subsp. faradjius	J. A. Allen 1924	SUBSPECIES		faradjius	serval		Leptailurus	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000138	Leptailurus serval subsp. ferrarii	de Beaux 1924	SUBSPECIES		ferrarii	serval		Leptailurus	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000139	Leptailurus serval subsp. hamiltoni	Roberts 1931	SUBSPECIES		hamiltoni	serval		Leptailurus	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000057	Felis silvestris	Schreber 1777	SPECIES			silvestris		Felis	Felidae	Carnivora	Die Säugethiere vol.3 23 p.397		euxina  Pocock, 1943; ferox Martorelli, 1896; ferus Erxleben, 1777; foxi Pocock, 1944; hybrida J. B. Fischer, 1829; molisana Altobello, 1921; morea Trouessart, 1904; obscura Desmarest, 1820; tartessia Miller, 1907; cafra Desmarest, 1822; caffra A. Smith, 1826; caligata Temminck, 1824; obscura Anderson and de Winton, 1902; namaquana Thomas, 1926; rusticana Thomas, 1928; caucasica Satunin, 1905; trapezia Blackler, 1916; caudata Gray, 1874; griseoflava Zukowsky, 1915; issikulensis Ognev, 1930; kozlovi Satunin, 1905; longipilis Zukowsky, 1915; macrothrix Zukowsky, 1915; matschiei Zukowsky, 1914; murgabensis Zukowsky, 1915; schnitnikovi Birula, 1915; chutuchta Birula, 1916; cretensis Haltenorth, 1953; foxi Pocock, 1944; gordoni Harrison, 1968; grampia Miller, 1907; griselda Thomas, 1926; vernayi Roberts, 1932; xanthella Thomas, 1926; haussa Thomas and Hinton, 1921; iraki Cheesman, 1921; jordansi Schwarz, 1930; lybica Forster, 1780; bubastis Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1833; cyrenarum Ghigi, 1920; dongolana Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1832 [not V. dongolana Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1832, a viverrid]; cristata Lataste, 1885; libyca Olivier, 1804; lowei Pocock, 1944; lybiensis Kerr, 1792; lynesi Pocock, 1944; maniculata Temminck, 1824; mauritana Cabrera, 1906; mediterranea Martorelli, 1896; ruppelii Schinz, 1824; sarda Lataste, 1885; mellandi Schwann, 1904; pyrrhus Pocock, 1944; nesterovi Birula, 1916; ocreata Gmelin, 1791; brockmani Pocock, 1944; guttata Hermann, 1804; maniculata Cretschmar, 1826; nubiensis Kerr, 1792; ornata Gray, 1832; servalina Jardine, 1834; torquata Blyth, 1863; reyi Lavauden, 1929; rubida Schwann, 1904; tristrami Pocock, 1944; maniculata Yerbury and Thomas, 1895; syriaca Tristram, 1867; ugandae Schwann, 1904; nandae Heller, 1913; taitae Heller, 1913; vellerosa Pocock, 1943.	Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, China, Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Lesotho, Libya, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Republic of Congo, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia and Montenegro, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Switzerland, Syrian Arab Republic, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, USA, Uzbekistan, Western Sahara, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Vulnerable as F. s. grampia, otherwise Least Concern.	Also see comments under Felis catus. There is some confusion as to the correct species name. Schreber (1775) illustrated a plate as Felis Catus ferus, and in 1777 the text listed Felis (Catus) silvestris and Felis Catus (domestica). Opinion 465 of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1957f) declared silvestris as the specific name for the European wild cat (with the understanding that F. catus and F. silvestris are usually considered conspecific). Revised by Ragni and Randi (1986), who included lybica, and by Haltenorth (1953), who included chutuchta, lybica, and vellerosa. However, Pocock's (1951) revision considered catus as separate and placed chutuchta and vellerosa in bieti, and they probably should be considered incertae sedis. Does not include F. catus (worldwide), which was domesticated from this species (Co... [truncated]	Wildcat
14000064	Felis silvestris subsp. foxi	Pocock 1944	SUBSPECIES		foxi	silvestris		Felis	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000097	Leopardus pajeros	Desmarest 1816	SPECIES			pajeros		Leopardus	Felidae	Carnivora	Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., (2) vol.6 p.114		pageros  (Lesson, 1827); pajero (Burmeister, 1879); pampa (Schinz, 1831); pampanus (Gray, 1867); passerum (Sclater, 1872); budini (Pocock, 1941); crespoi (Cabrera, 1957); crucinus (Thomas, 1901); garleppi (Matschie, 1912); parleppi (Lönnberg, 1913); steinbachi (Pocock, 1941); thomasi (Lönnberg, 1913); garleppi (Pocock, 1941) [preoccupied].	Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, Peru.	CITES  Appendix II.	See comments under genus, see also García-Perea (1994).	Pampas cat
14000098	Leopardus pajeros subsp. pajeros	Desmarest 1816	SUBSPECIES		pajeros	pajeros		Leopardus	Felidae	Carnivora	Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., (2) vol.6 p.114						
14000080	Leopardus	Gray 1842	GENUS					Leopardus	Felidae	Carnivora	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. [ser. 1] vol.10 p.260	Leopardus griseus Gray, 1842 (= Felis pardalis Linnaeus, 1758), by subsequent designation by Pocock (1917b).	Colocolo  Pocock, 1941; Dendrailurus Severtzov, 1858; Lynchailurus Severtzov, 1858; Margay Gray, 1867; Montifelis Schwangart, 1941; Mungofelis Antonius, 1933; Noctifelis Severtzov, 1858; Oncifelis Severtzov, 1858; Oncilla Allen, 1919; Oncoides Severtzov, 1858; Oreailurus Cabrera, 1940; Pajeros Gray, 1867; Pardalina Gray, 1867; Pardalis Gray, 1867; Pseudolynx Schwangart, 1941.			There has been almost unanimous agreement that this group is monophyletic (Bininda-Emonds et al., 1999; Herrington, 1986; Johnson and OBrien, 1997; Johnson et al., 1998; Mattern and McLennan, 2000; Pocock, 1917a; Salles, 1992; Weigel, 1961). However, the relationships within this genus are unclear. Most recognize wiedii and pardalis as a monophyletic group, however there is considerable controversy on the arrangement of the remaining species. Under phylogenies put forward by some recent genetic and molecular studies, the remaining taxa (guigna, colocolo, jacobitus, tigrinus, geoffroyi) would be paraphyletic if wiedii and pardalis were separated (Collier and OBrien, 1985; Johnson and OBrien, 1997; Johnson et al., 1998). All are provisionally included here in Leopardus. García-Perea (1994) revised the pampas cat group and found three clearly distinct allopatric populations. She argued that these populations h... [truncated]	
14000081	Leopardus braccatus	Cope 1889	SPECIES			braccatus		Leopardus	Felidae	Carnivora	Am. Nat. vol.23 p.144		munoai  (Ximenez, 1961).	Brazil (Mato Grosso and mato Grosso do Sul), Paraguay, Uruguay (Garcia-Perea, 1994).	CITES  Appendix II.	See comments under genus.	Pantanal Cat
14000082	Leopardus braccatus subsp. braccatus	Cope 1889	SUBSPECIES		braccatus	braccatus		Leopardus	Felidae	Carnivora	Am. Nat. vol.23 p.144						
14000083	Leopardus braccatus subsp. munoai	Ximenez 1961	SUBSPECIES		munoai	braccatus		Leopardus	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000084	Leopardus colocolo	Molina 1782	SPECIES			colocolo		Leopardus	Felidae	Carnivora	Sagg. Stor. Nat. Chile p.295		albescens  (Fitzinger, 1869); colocola (Molina, 1782); colorolla (Bechstein, 1800); huinus (Pocock, 1941); passerum (Sclater, 1871); wolffsohni (García-Perea, 1994).	Chile.	CITES  Appendix II, ; IUCN  Near Threatened as Oncifelis colocolo.	The validity of colocolo was questioned by Osgood (1943) however, Wolffsohn (1908) and Cabrera (1940, 1958) defended the original description. Some have placed it in Oncifelis (but see comments under genus). Subspecies allocated according to Pocock (1941b) and García-Perea (1994).	Colocolo
14000085	Leopardus colocolo subsp. colocolo	Molina 1782	SUBSPECIES		colocolo	colocolo		Leopardus	Felidae	Carnivora	Sagg. Stor. Nat. Chile p.295						
14000086	Leopardus colocolo subsp. wolffsohni	García-Perea 1994	SUBSPECIES		wolffsohni	colocolo		Leopardus	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000087	Leopardus geoffroyi	d'Orbigny and Gervais 1844	SPECIES			geoffroyi		Leopardus	Felidae	Carnivora	Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris vol.1844 p.40		argenteus  (Schwangart, 1941); flavus (Schwangart, 1941); geoffroyi (Severtzow, 1858); guigna (Mivart, 1881); himalayanus Gray, 1843 [nomen nudum]; macdonaldi (Marelli, 1932); pardoides (Gray, 1867); tigrina (Larranaga, 1923); warwickii (Gray, 1867); euxanthus (Pocock, 1940); leucobaptus (Pocock, 1940); paraguae (Pocock, 1940); melas (Betoni, 1914) [preoccupied]; salinarum (Thomas, 1903).	Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, Uruguay.	CITES  Appendix I as Oncifelis geoffroyi; IUCN  Near Threatened as Oncifelis geoffroyi.	Subspecies allocated according to Cabrera (1958). Revised by Pocock (1940c) and reviewed by Ximenez (1975). Placed in Oncifelis by J. A. Allen (1919a), Weigel (1961), Hemmer (1978), Král and Zima (1980), and Kratochvíl (1982c). Ximeñez (1975) followed Cabrera (1957), and placed geoffroyi in Felis (Leopardus). Includes F. pardoides (Cabrera, 1957).	Geoffroy's Cat
14000088	Leopardus geoffroyi subsp. geoffroyi	d'Orbigny and Gervais 1844	SUBSPECIES		geoffroyi	geoffroyi		Leopardus	Felidae	Carnivora	Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris vol.1844 p.40						
14000089	Leopardus geoffroyi subsp. euxanthus	Pocock 1940	SUBSPECIES		euxanthus	geoffroyi		Leopardus	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000090	Leopardus geoffroyi subsp. leucobaptus	Pocock 1940	SUBSPECIES		leucobaptus	geoffroyi		Leopardus	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000091	Leopardus geoffroyi subsp. paraguae	Pocock 1940	SUBSPECIES		paraguae	geoffroyi		Leopardus	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000093	Leopardus guigna	Molina 1782	SPECIES			guigna		Leopardus	Felidae	Carnivora	Sagg. Stor. Nat. Chile p.295		santacrucensis  (Artayeta, 1950); tigrillo (Schinz, 1844); molinae (Osgood, 1943).	Argentina and Chile.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Vulnerable as Oncifelis guigna.	Placed in Oncifelis by Weigel (1961) and Hemmer (1978). Placed in subgenus Leopardus of Felis by Cabrera (1958). Synonyms allocated according to Cabrera (1957).	Kodkod
14000094	Leopardus guigna subsp. guigna	Molina 1782	SUBSPECIES		guigna	guigna		Leopardus	Felidae	Carnivora	Sagg. Stor. Nat. Chile p.295						
14000095	Leopardus guigna subsp. tigrillo	Schinz 1844	SUBSPECIES		tigrillo	guigna		Leopardus	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000103	Leopardus pardalis	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			pardalis		Leopardus	Felidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.42		buffoni  (Brass, 1911); canescens (Swainson, 1838); griffithii (J. B. Fischer, 1829); griseus Gray 1842; mexicanus (Kerr, 1792); ocelot (Link, 1795); pictus Gray, 1842; aequatorialis (Mearns, 1903); costaricensis (Mearns, 1903); mearnsi (J. A. Allen, 1904); pardalis (Alston, 1882) [preoccupied]; albescens (Pucheran, 1855); limitis (Mearns, 1902); ludovicianus (Brass, 1911); melanurus (Ball, 1844); chibigouazou (Mearns, 1903); maripensis (J. A. Allen, 1904); ocelot (Osgood, 1916); tumatumari (J. A. Allen, 1915); mitis (F. G. Cuvier, 1820); armillatus (F. G. Cuvier, 1820); brasiliensis (Schinz, 1844); chati (Gray, 1827); chibigouavou (Ditmars, 1939); chibigouazou (Gray, 1827); chibiguazu (J. B. Fischer, 1829); hamiltonii (J. B. Fischer, 1829); maracaya (Wagner, 1841); ocelot (Smith, 1827); smithii (Swainson, 1838); tigrinus (Elliot, 1877); pardalis (Lahille, 1899); nelsoni (Goldman, 1925); pseudopardalis (Boitard, 1842); sanctaemartae (J. A. Allen, 1904); pusaeus (Thomas, 1914); sonoriensis (Goldman, 1925); steinbachi (Pocock, 1941).	Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, USA (Texas, Arizona), Uruguay, Venezuela.	CITES  Appendix I; U. S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Endangered as L. p. albescens, otherwise Least Concern.	Placed in Leopardus by J. A. Allen (1919b), Weigel (1961), Hemmer (1978), and Kratochvíl (1982c). Reviewed by Murray and Gardner (1997). Synonyms allocated according to Cabrera (1958b), Hall (1981), and Murray and Gardner (1997).	Ocelot
14000104	Leopardus pardalis subsp. pardalis	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		pardalis	pardalis		Leopardus	Felidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.42						
14000105	Leopardus pardalis subsp. aequatorialis	Mearns 1903	SUBSPECIES		aequatorialis	pardalis		Leopardus	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000106	Leopardus pardalis subsp. albescens	Pucheran 1855	SUBSPECIES		albescens	pardalis		Leopardus	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000107	Leopardus pardalis subsp. melanurus	Ball 1844	SUBSPECIES		melanurus	pardalis		Leopardus	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000108	Leopardus pardalis subsp. mitis	F. G. Cuvier 1820	SUBSPECIES		mitis	pardalis		Leopardus	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000109	Leopardus pardalis subsp. nelsoni	Goldman 1925	SUBSPECIES		nelsoni	pardalis		Leopardus	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000110	Leopardus pardalis subsp. pseudopardalis	Boitard 1842	SUBSPECIES		pseudopardalis	pardalis		Leopardus	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000111	Leopardus pardalis subsp. pusaeus	Thomas 1914	SUBSPECIES		pusaeus	pardalis		Leopardus	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000112	Leopardus pardalis subsp. sonoriensis	Goldman 1925	SUBSPECIES		sonoriensis	pardalis		Leopardus	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000114	Leopardus tigrinus	Schreber 1775	SPECIES			tigrinus		Leopardus	Felidae	Carnivora	Die Säugethiere vol.2 15 p.pl. 106[1775]; see also text, 3(23):396[1777]		emiliae  (Thomas, 1914); margay (Müller, 1776); guttulus (Hensel, 1872); guigna (Hensel, 1872); guttula (Trouessart, 1897); mitis (Lahille, 1899); pardinoides (Thomas, 1903) [preoccupied]; oncilla (Thomas, 1903); carrikeri (J. A. Allen, 1904); pardinoides (Gray, 1867); andinus (Thomas, 1903); caucensis (J. A. Allen, 1915); elenae (J. A. Allen, 1915); emeritus (Thomas, 1912); geoffroyi (Elliot, 1872); wiedi (J. A. Allen, 1916).	Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Nicaragua (?), Panama, Paraguay (?), Peru, Suriname, Venezuela.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Near Threatened.	Placed in Leopardus by J. A. Allen (1919b), Weigel (1961), and Kratochvíl (1982c); placed in Oncifelis (with guigna and geoffroyi) by Hemmer (1978). L. tigrinus shares a derived chromosomal number with pardalis and wiedii (Wurster-Hill, 1973). Includes Felis pardinoides after Cabrera (1958); however, see J. A. Allen (1919b) and Weigel (1961) who considered pardinoides as distinct, but closely related to tigrinus. Synonyms allocated according to Pocock (1941c), Cabrera (1957), and Hall (1981).	Oncilla
14000115	Leopardus tigrinus subsp. tigrinus	Schreber 1775	SUBSPECIES		tigrinus	tigrinus		Leopardus	Felidae	Carnivora	Die Säugethiere vol.2 15 p.pl. 106[1775]; see also text, 3(23):396[1777]						
14000116	Leopardus tigrinus subsp. guttulus	Hensel 1872	SUBSPECIES		guttulus	tigrinus		Leopardus	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000117	Leopardus tigrinus subsp. oncilla	Thomas 1903	SUBSPECIES		oncilla	tigrinus		Leopardus	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000118	Leopardus tigrinus subsp. pardinoides	Gray 1867	SUBSPECIES		pardinoides	tigrinus		Leopardus	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000141	Leptailurus serval subsp. kempi	Wroughton 1910	SUBSPECIES		kempi	serval		Leptailurus	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000142	Leptailurus serval subsp. kivuensis	Lönnberg 1919	SUBSPECIES		kivuensis	serval		Leptailurus	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000143	Leptailurus serval subsp. lipostictus	Pocock 1907	SUBSPECIES		lipostictus	serval		Leptailurus	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000144	Leptailurus serval subsp. lonnbergi	Cabrera 1910	SUBSPECIES		lonnbergi	serval		Leptailurus	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000119	Leopardus wiedii	Schinz 1821	SPECIES			wiedii		Leopardus	Felidae	Carnivora	Cuvier, Das Thierreich vol.1 p.235		elegans  (Lesson, 1830); geoffroyi (Rochebrune, 1895); macroura (Wied-Neuwied, 1823); macrourus (C. E. H. Smith, 1827); macrura (Hensel, 1872); pardictis Pocock, 1941; tigrinoides Gray, 1842; venusta (Reichenbach, 1836); amazonicus (Cabrera, 1917); pirrensis (Pocock, 1941); boliviae Pocock, 1941; cooperi (Goldman, 1943); glauculus (Thomas, 1903); nicaraguae (J. A. Allen, 1919); oaxacensis (Nelson and Goldman, 1931); mexicana (Saussure, 1860) [preoccupied]; pirrensis Goldman, 1914; andina (J. A. Allen, 1916); ludovici (L&#337;nnberg, 1925); salvinius Pocock, 1941; vigens (Thomas, 1904); catenata (Cabrera, 1917); macrura (Goeldi and Hagmann, 1904); yucatanicus Nelson and Goldman, 1931.	Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, USA (Texas), Uruguay, Venezuela.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered (from Mexico southward); IUCN  Least Concern.	Placed in Leopardus by Weigel (1961), Hemmer (1978), and Kratochvíl (1982c). Allen (1919b) and Weigel (1961) suggested that wiedii (in part) may be conspecific with tigrinus; however, Hemmer (1978) considered differences between wiedii and tigrinus to warrant generic distinction. Synonyms allocated according to Pocock (1941d), Cabrera (1957), Hall (1981), and Oliveira (1998a).	Margay
14000120	Leopardus wiedii subsp. wiedii	Schinz 1821	SUBSPECIES		wiedii	wiedii		Leopardus	Felidae	Carnivora	Cuvier, Das Thierreich vol.1 p.235						
14000121	Leopardus wiedii subsp. amazonicus	Cabrera 1917	SUBSPECIES		amazonicus	wiedii		Leopardus	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000122	Leopardus wiedii subsp. boliviae	Pocock 1941	SUBSPECIES		boliviae	wiedii		Leopardus	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000123	Leopardus wiedii subsp. cooperi	Goldman 1943	SUBSPECIES		cooperi	wiedii		Leopardus	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000124	Leopardus wiedii subsp. glauculus	Thomas 1903	SUBSPECIES		glauculus	wiedii		Leopardus	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000125	Leopardus wiedii subsp. nicaraguae	J. A. Allen 1919	SUBSPECIES		nicaraguae	wiedii		Leopardus	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000126	Leopardus wiedii subsp. oaxacensis	Nelson and Goldman 1931	SUBSPECIES		oaxacensis	wiedii		Leopardus	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000127	Leopardus wiedii subsp. pirrensis	Goldman 1914	SUBSPECIES		pirrensis	wiedii		Leopardus	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000128	Leopardus wiedii subsp. salvinius	Pocock 1941	SUBSPECIES		salvinius	wiedii		Leopardus	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000130	Leopardus wiedii subsp. yucatanicus	Nelson and Goldman 1931	SUBSPECIES		yucatanicus	wiedii		Leopardus	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000131	Leptailurus	Severtzov 1858	GENUS					Leptailurus	Felidae	Carnivora	Rev. Mag. Zool. Paris, (2) vol.10 p.389	Felis serval Schreber, 1776, by monotypy.	Galeopardus  Heuglin and Fitzinger, 1866; Serval Brehm, 1864; Servalina Greve, 1894.			Placed as a subgenus of Felis by McKenna and Bell (1997). There appears to be little agreement on the relationship of Leptailurus to other cats. Pocock (1917a) placed it with Leopardus; whereas Weigel (1961), Hemmer (1978), and Bininda-Emonds et al. (1999) placed with Felis, Lynx, and Caracal. Salles (1992) grouped it with Prionailurus bengalensis, and Johnson and O'Brien (1997) and Mattern and McLennan (2000) with Caracal and Profelis. Severtzov (1858), Groves (1982a), and McKenna and Bell (1997) considered Leptailurus a subgenus of Felis.	
14000132	Leptailurus serval	Schreber 1776	SPECIES			serval		Leptailurus	Felidae	Carnivora	Die Säugethiere vol.3 16 p.pl. 108[1776]; see also text 3(23):407[1777]		capensis  (Forster, 1781); galeopardus (Desmarest, 1820); beirae (Wroughton, 1910); brachyurus (Wagner, 1841); ogilbyi (Schinz, 1844); servalinus (Ogilby, 1839); constantinus (Forster, 1780); algiricus (J. B. Fischer, 1829); faradjius J. A. Allen; 1924; ferrarii (de Beaux, 1924); hamiltoni Roberts, 1931; hindei (Wroughton, 1910); kempi (Wroughton, 1910); kivuensis (Lönnberg, 1919); lipostictus (Pocock, 1907); larseni (Thomas, 1913); lonnbergi (Cabrera, 1910); niger (Lönnberg, 1897) [preoccupied]; mababiensis Roberts, 1932; pantastictus (Pocock, 1907); poliotricha (Pocock, 1907); phillipsi (G. M. Allen, 1914); pococki (Cabrera, 1910); senegalensis (Lesson, 1839) [preoccupied]; robertsi Ellerman, Morrison-Scott and Hayman, 1953; togoensis (Matschie, 1893).	Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Côte d'Ivoire, Dem. Rep. Congo, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho (?), Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Believed to be extirpated in Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia.	CITES  Appendix II; U.S. ESA  Endangered as L. s. constantina [sic]; IUCN  Endangered as L. s. constantinus, otherwise Least Concern.	Synonyms allocated according to Smithers (1971).	Serval
14000133	Leptailurus serval subsp. serval	Schreber 1776	SUBSPECIES		serval	serval		Leptailurus	Felidae	Carnivora	Die Säugethiere vol.3 16 p.pl. 108[1776]; see also text 3(23):407[1777]						
14000134	Leptailurus serval subsp. beirae	Wroughton 1910	SUBSPECIES		beirae	serval		Leptailurus	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000135	Leptailurus serval subsp. brachyurus	Wagner 1841	SUBSPECIES		brachyurus	serval		Leptailurus	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000145	Leptailurus serval subsp. mababiensis	Roberts 1932	SUBSPECIES		mababiensis	serval		Leptailurus	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000146	Leptailurus serval subsp. pantastictus	Pocock 1907	SUBSPECIES		pantastictus	serval		Leptailurus	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000147	Leptailurus serval subsp. phillipsi	G. M. Allen 1914	SUBSPECIES		phillipsi	serval		Leptailurus	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000148	Leptailurus serval subsp. pococki	Cabrera 1910	SUBSPECIES		pococki	serval		Leptailurus	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000149	Leptailurus serval subsp. robertsi	Ellerman, Morrison-Scott and Hayman 1953	SUBSPECIES		robertsi	serval		Leptailurus	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000150	Leptailurus serval subsp. togoensis	Matschie 1893	SUBSPECIES		togoensis	serval		Leptailurus	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000151	Lynx	Kerr 1792	GENUS					Lynx	Felidae	Carnivora	In Linnaeus, Anim. Kingdom vol.1 p.155	Felis lynx Linnaeus, 1758, by absolute tautonymy (Melville and Smith, 1987).	Cervaria  Gray, 1867; Eucervaria Palmer, 1903; Lynceus Gray, 1821; Lynchus Jardine, 1834; Lyncus Gray, 1825; Pardina Kaup, 1829.			Revised by Matyushkin (1979), Werdelin (1981), and García-Perea (1992), who recognized the generic status of Lynx. Groves (1982a), Hemmer (1978), and McKenna and Bell (1997) considered Lynx a subgenus of Felis.	
14000152	Lynx canadensis	Kerr 1792	SPECIES			canadensis		Lynx	Felidae	Carnivora	InLinnaeus, Anim. Kingdom vol.1 p.157		mollipilosus  Stone, 1900; subsolanus Bangs, 1897.	Canada, USA (C Utah and SW Colorado, NE Nebraska, S Indiana, and West Virginia).	CITES  Appendix II; U.S. ESA  Threatened; IUCN  Least Concern.	Considered distinct from L. lynx by Kurtén and Anderson (1980), Matyushkin (1979), Werdelin (1981), and García-Perea (1992). Reviewed in part by Tumlison (1987) as Felis lynx.	Canadian Lynx
14000153	Lynx canadensis subsp. canadensis	Kerr 1792	SUBSPECIES		canadensis	canadensis		Lynx	Felidae	Carnivora	InLinnaeus, Anim. Kingdom vol.1 p.157						
14000154	Lynx canadensis subsp. mollipilosus	Stone 1900	SUBSPECIES		mollipilosus	canadensis		Lynx	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000155	Lynx canadensis subsp. subsolanus	Bangs 1897	SUBSPECIES		subsolanus	canadensis		Lynx	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000174	Lynx rufus subsp. superiorensis	Peterson and Downing 1952	SUBSPECIES		superiorensis	rufus		Lynx	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000175	Lynx rufus subsp. texensis	J. A. Allen 1895	SUBSPECIES		texensis	rufus		Lynx	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000156	Lynx lynx	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			lynx		Lynx	Felidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.43		albus  Kerr, 1792; baicalensis (Dybowsky, 1922); borealis (Thunberg, 1798); carpathica (Heptner, 1972); cervarius Temminck, 1824; dinniki Satunin, 1915; guttatus Smirnov, 1922; kattlo (Schrank, 1798); lupulinus (Thunberg, 1825); lynculus (Nilsson, 1820); melinus Kerr, 1792; neglectus Stroganov, 1962; orientalis Satunin, 1905; virgata (Nilsson, 1829); vulgaris Kerr, 1792; vulpinus (Thunberg, 1825); wrangeli Ognev, 1928; isabellinus (Blyth, 1847); kamensis (Satunin, 1905); tibetanus (Gray, 1863); wardi (Lydekker, 1904); kozlovi Fetisov, 1950; sardiniae Mola, 1908; stroganovi Heptner, 1969.	Afghanistan, Albania, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bhutan, Bosnia and Herzegovina (?), China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, India, Iran, Iraq (?), Italy, Kazakhstan, North Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Mongolia, Nepal, Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Serbia and Montenegro. Recently extinct in Bulgaria.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Near Threatened.	Does not include L. canadensis or L. pardinus, following Pocock (1917a), Hemmer (1978), Matyushkin (1979), García-Perea (1992), Werdelin (1981), Salles (1992), Johnson and O'Brien (1997), Bininda-Emonds et al. (1999), and Mattern and McLennan (2000). Includes isabellinus (Gao, 1987). Reviewed in part by Tumlison (1987) as Felis lynx. Synonyms allocated according to Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) and Tumlison (1987).	Eurasian Lynx
14000157	Lynx lynx subsp. lynx	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		lynx	lynx		Lynx	Felidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.43						
14000158	Lynx lynx subsp. isabellinus	Blyth 1847	SUBSPECIES		isabellinus	lynx		Lynx	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000160	Lynx lynx subsp. sardiniae	Mola 1908	SUBSPECIES		sardiniae	lynx		Lynx	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000161	Lynx lynx subsp. stroganovi	Heptner 1969	SUBSPECIES		stroganovi	lynx		Lynx	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000278	Arctictis binturong subsp. penicillatus	Temminck 1835	SUBSPECIES		penicillatus	binturong		Arctictis	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000162	Lynx pardinus	Temminck 1827	SPECIES			pardinus		Lynx	Felidae	Carnivora	Monogr. Mamm. vol.1 p.116		pardella  Miller, 1907.	Portugal, SW Spain.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered as Felis pardina; IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Given specific status by Matyushkin (1979), Werdelin (1981) and García-Perea (1992); however Weigel (1961) and Tumlison (1987) considered pardinus conspecific with L. lynx.	Iberian Lynx
14000244	Panthera onca subsp. goldmani	Mearns 1901	SUBSPECIES		goldmani	onca		Panthera	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000245	Panthera onca subsp. hernandesii	J. E. Gray 1857	SUBSPECIES		hernandesii	onca		Panthera	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000246	Panthera onca subsp. palustris	Ameghino 1888	SUBSPECIES		palustris	onca		Panthera	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000163	Lynx rufus	Schreber 1777	SPECIES			rufus		Lynx	Felidae	Carnivora	Die Säugethiere vol.3 25 p.pl. 109.B[1777]; see also text 3(24):412[1777]		montanus  Rafinesque, 1817; baileyi Merriam, 1890; eremicus Mearns, 1897; californicus Mearns, 1897; oculeus Bangs, 1899; escuinapae J. A. Allen, 1903; fasciatus Rafinesque, 1817; fasciata Elliot, 1901; floridanus Rafinesque, 1817; gigas Bangs, 1897; oaxacensis Goodwin, 1963; pallescens Merriam, 1899; uinta Merriam, 1902; peninsularis Thomas, 1898; superiorensis Peterson and Downing, 1952; texensis J. A. Allen, 1895; maculata Horsfield and Vigors, 1829 [preoccupied].	Canada (S British Columbia to Nova Scotia), Mexico (south to Oaxaca), USA.	CITES  Appendix II; U.S. ESA  Endangered as L. rufus escuinapae. IUCN  Least Concern.	Reviewed by Lariviere and Walton (1997). Mattern and McLennan (2000) demonstrated that a rufus lynx clade would be paraphyletic. Synonyms allocated according to Hall (1981) and Larivière and Walton (1997).	Bobcat
14000164	Lynx rufus subsp. rufus	Schreber 1777	SUBSPECIES		rufus	rufus		Lynx	Felidae	Carnivora	Die Säugethiere vol.3 25 p.pl. 109.B[1777]; see also text 3(24):412[1777]						
14000165	Lynx rufus subsp. baileyi	Merriam 1890	SUBSPECIES		baileyi	rufus		Lynx	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000166	Lynx rufus subsp. californicus	Mearns 1897	SUBSPECIES		californicus	rufus		Lynx	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000167	Lynx rufus subsp. escuinapae	J. A. Allen 1903	SUBSPECIES		escuinapae	rufus		Lynx	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000168	Lynx rufus subsp. fasciatus	Rafinesque 1817	SUBSPECIES		fasciatus	rufus		Lynx	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000169	Lynx rufus subsp. floridanus	Rafinesque 1817	SUBSPECIES		floridanus	rufus		Lynx	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000170	Lynx rufus subsp. gigas	Bangs 1897	SUBSPECIES		gigas	rufus		Lynx	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000171	Lynx rufus subsp. oaxacensis	Goodwin 1963	SUBSPECIES		oaxacensis	rufus		Lynx	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000172	Lynx rufus subsp. pallescens	Merriam 1899	SUBSPECIES		pallescens	rufus		Lynx	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000176	Pardofelis	Severtzov 1858	GENUS					Pardofelis	Felidae	Carnivora	Rev. Mag. Zool. Paris, 2 vol.10 p.387	Felis marmorata Martin, 1837, by monotypy.				There is considerable controversy over the correct placement of this genus. Hemmer (1978), Král and Zima (1980), Groves (1982a), Kratochvíl (1982c), Collier and OBrien (1985), and Bininda-Emonds et al. (1999) placed it as the first outgroup to the Pantherines. Pocock (1932d), Weigel (1961), Salles (1992), and Mattern and McLennan (2000) suggested a relationship with felines while recognizing similarities with Panthera. McKenna and Bell (1997) placed it as a subgenus of Felis. It perhaps should be considered incertae sedis.	
14000177	Pardofelis marmorata	Martin 1836 "1837"	SPECIES			marmorata		Pardofelis	Felidae	Carnivora	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1836 p.108		diardii (Jardine, 1834) [preoccupied]; longicaudata (de Blainville, 1843); charltonii (Gray, 1846); dosul Gray, 1863; duvaucellii (Hodgson, 1863); ogilbii (Hodgson, 1847).	Bangladesh (?), Bhutan (?), Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia (Sumatra and Kalimantan), Laos, Malaysia, Burma, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Vulnerable.	Revised by Pocock (1932d). Placed in Pardofelis by Pocock (1932d), Weigel (1961), Král and Zima (1980), Kratochvíl (1982c), Hemmer (1978), and Groves (1982a). Synonyms allocated according to Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951).	Marbled Cat
14000178	Pardofelis marmorata subsp. marmorata	Martin 1836 "1837"	SUBSPECIES		marmorata	marmorata		Pardofelis	Felidae	Carnivora	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1836 p.108						
14000179	Pardofelis marmorata subsp. charltonii	Gray 1846	SUBSPECIES		charltonii	marmorata		Pardofelis	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000279	Arctictis binturong subsp. whitei	J. A. Allen 1910	SUBSPECIES		whitei	binturong		Arctictis	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000280	Arctogalidia	Merriam 1897	GENUS					Arctogalidia	Viverridae	Carnivora	Science vol.5 p.302	Paradoxurus trivirgatus Gray, 1832, by monotypy through the replaced name Arctogale Gray, 1865 (Melville and Smith, 1987).	Arctogale  Gray, 1865.			Gray's (1864[1865]) generic name stood until Merriam (1897) pointed out that the name Arctogale was preoccupied (= Arctogale erminea Kaup, 1829).	
14000180	Prionailurus	Severtzov 1858	GENUS					Prionailurus	Felidae	Carnivora	Rev. Mag. Zool. Paris, (2) vol.10 p.387	Felis pardochrous Hodgson, 1844 (= Felis bengalensis Kerr, 1792), by original designation.	Aelurina  Gill, 1871; Ailurin Gervais, 1855; Ailurina Trouessart, 1885; Ailurogale Fitzinger, 1869; Ictailurus Severtzov, 1858; Mayailurus Imaizumi, 1967; Plethaelurus Cope, 1882; Priononfelis Kretzoi, 1929; Viverriceps J. E. Gray, 1867; Zibethailurus Severtzov, 1858.			Weigel (1961), Hemmer (1978), Groves (1982a), Kratochvil (1982c), Collier and O'Brien (1985), and Bininda-Emonds et al. (1999), considered bengalensis, planiceps, iriomotenisis, rubiginosus, and viverrinus a monophyletic group. McKenna and Bell (1997) included bengalensis, iriomotensis, rubiginosus, and viverrinus. Salles (1992), Johnson and O'Brien (1997), and Mattern and McLennan (2000) separated rubiginosus, although there is no agreement nor consensus as to its correct placement. It is provisionally left in Prionailurus here, although perhaps it would be better to consider it as incertae sedis.	
14000247	Panthera onca subsp. paraguensis	Hollister 1914	SUBSPECIES		paraguensis	onca		Panthera	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000181	Prionailurus bengalensis	Kerr 1792	SPECIES			bengalensis		Prionailurus	Felidae	Carnivora	InLinnaeus, Anim. Kingdom vol.1 p.151		ellioti  (Gray, 1842); herschelii (Gray, 1869); jerdoni Blyth, 1863; nipalensis (Horsfield and Vigors, 1829); servalinus Gray, 1843; tenasserimensis (Gray, 1867); undatus Desmarest, 1816; wagati (Gray, 1867); alleni Sody, 1949; hainanus Xu and Liu, 1983; borneoensis Brongersma, 1936; chinensis (Gray, 1837); anastasiae (Satunin, 1905); decoloratus (Milne-Edwards, 1872); ingrami (Bonhote, 1903); microtis (Milne-Edwards, 1872); minutus (Temminck, 1824) [preoccupied]; reevesii (Gray, 1843); ricketti (Bonhote, 1903); scriptus (Milne-Edwards, 1870); sinensis (Shih, 1930); undatus (Radde, 1862); euptilurus (Elliot, 1871); manchuricus (Mori, 1922); raddei (Trouessart, 1904); heaneyi Groves, 1997; horsfieldii (Gray, 1842); nipalensis (Hodgson, 1832) [preoccupied]; pardochrous (Hodgson, 1844); javanensis Desmarest, 1816; anguliferus Fitzinger, 1868; javensis Elliot, 1882; rabori Groves, 1997; sumatranus Horsfield, 1821; tingius Lyon, 1908; trevelyani Pocock, 1939.	Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, North Korea, Pakistan, Philippines, Russia (Far East), Taiwan, Thailand, South Korea, and Vietnam.	CITES  Appendix I as P. b. bengalensis (populations of India, Bangladesh, and Thailand); otherwise Appendix II; U.S. ESA  Endangered as P. b. bengalensis; IUCN  Least Concern.	Includes euptilurus following G. M. Allen (1939) and Gao (1987). Heptner (1971) and Gromov and Baranova (1981) considered euptilurus a distinct species; however, Gao (1987) pointed out that Heptner compared Russian specimens with those from SE Asia, whereas when intervening Chinese populations are included, his distinctions do not hold. Includes minuta following Chasen (1940). Excludes iriomotensis (see comments below). Synonyms allocated according to Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) and Groves (1997b).	Leopard Cat
14000182	Prionailurus bengalensis subsp. bengalensis	Kerr 1792	SUBSPECIES		bengalensis	bengalensis		Prionailurus	Felidae	Carnivora	InLinnaeus, Anim. Kingdom vol.1 p.151						
14000183	Prionailurus bengalensis subsp. alleni	Sody 1949	SUBSPECIES		alleni	bengalensis		Prionailurus	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000184	Prionailurus bengalensis subsp. borneoensis	Brongersma 1936	SUBSPECIES		borneoensis	bengalensis		Prionailurus	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000185	Prionailurus bengalensis subsp. chinensis	Gray 1837	SUBSPECIES		chinensis	bengalensis		Prionailurus	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000186	Prionailurus bengalensis subsp. euptilurus	Elliot 1871	SUBSPECIES		euptilurus	bengalensis		Prionailurus	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000187	Prionailurus bengalensis subsp. heaneyi	Groves 1997	SUBSPECIES		heaneyi	bengalensis		Prionailurus	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000188	Prionailurus bengalensis subsp. horsfieldii	Gray 1842	SUBSPECIES		horsfieldii	bengalensis		Prionailurus	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000189	Prionailurus bengalensis subsp. javanensis	Desmarest 1816	SUBSPECIES		javanensis	bengalensis		Prionailurus	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000190	Prionailurus bengalensis subsp. rabori	Groves 1997	SUBSPECIES		rabori	bengalensis		Prionailurus	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000191	Prionailurus bengalensis subsp. sumatranus	Horsfield 1821	SUBSPECIES		sumatranus	bengalensis		Prionailurus	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000192	Prionailurus bengalensis subsp. trevelyani	Pocock 1939	SUBSPECIES		trevelyani	bengalensis		Prionailurus	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000193	Prionailurus iriomotensis	Imaizumi 1967	SPECIES			iriomotensis		Prionailurus	Felidae	Carnivora	J. Mamm. Soc. Japan vol.3 p.75			Japan (Iriomote Isl.).	CITES  Appendix II; U.S. ESA and IUCN  Endangered as P. bengalensis iriomotensis.	Petzsch (1970), Glass and Todd (1977), Hemmer (1978), Groves (1982a), Herrington (1986), and Johnson et al. (1999) argued that differences only warranted subspecific status and separation of iriomotensis from bengalensis may make some populations of bengalensis paraphyletic. Suzuki et al. (1994a), Masuda et al. (1994), and Leyhausen and Pfleiderer (1994, 1999) presented evidence that it should be considered distinct from other bengalensis. It should probably be best considered incertae sedis.	Iriomote Cat
14000194	Prionailurus planiceps	Vigors and Horsfield 1827	SPECIES			planiceps		Prionailurus	Felidae	Carnivora	Zool. J. vol.3 p.449			Brunei Darussalam, Burma, Indonesia (Sumatra, Kalimantan), Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Vulnerable.	Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) listed this taxon as incertae sedis, but placed it with Felis viverrina. Grouped with Prionailurus by Weigel (1961), Hemmer (1978), Kratochvíl (1982c), Groves (1982a), Johnson and O'Brien (1997), Bininda-Emonds et al. (1999), and Mattern and McLennan (2000).	Flat-headed Cat
14000303	Paguma larvata subsp. hainana	Thomas 1909	SUBSPECIES		hainana	larvata		Paguma	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000195	Prionailurus rubiginosus	I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1831	SPECIES			rubiginosus		Prionailurus	Felidae	Carnivora	InBélanger (ed.), Voy. Indes Orient., Mamm. vol.3(Zoologie) p.140		phillipsi  Pocock, 1939; koladivius Deraniyagala, 1956.	India, Sri Lanka (see Chakraborty, 1978).	CITES  Appendix I (Indian population), otherwise Appendix II; IUCN  Vulnerable.	Placed in Prionailurus by Pocock (1917a), Weigel (1961), Hemmer (1978), Kratochvíl (1982c), and Groves (1982a). Herrington (1986), Salles (1992), Johnson and O'Brien (1997), and Mattern and McLennan (2000) all considered rubiginosus distant from other Prionailurus, although there is little agreement where it should be placed. See comments under genus.	Rusty-Spotted Cat
14000196	Prionailurus rubiginosus subsp. rubiginosus	I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1831	SUBSPECIES		rubiginosus	rubiginosus		Prionailurus	Felidae	Carnivora	InBélanger (ed.), Voy. Indes Orient., Mamm. vol.3(Zoologie) p.140						
14000197	Prionailurus rubiginosus subsp. phillipsi	Pocock 1939	SUBSPECIES		phillipsi	rubiginosus		Prionailurus	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000248	Panthera onca subsp. peruviana	de Blainville 1843	SUBSPECIES		peruviana	onca		Panthera	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000198	Prionailurus viverrinus	Bennett 1833	SPECIES			viverrinus		Prionailurus	Felidae	Carnivora	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1833 p.68		bennettii  (Gray, 1867); himalayanus (Jardine, 1834); rhizophoreus Sody, 1936; viverriceps (Hodgson, 1836).	Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Cambodia, India, Indonesia (Java, Sumatra), Laos, Malaysia (Peninsular), Burma, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Vulnerable.	Grouped with Prionailurus by Weigel (1961), Hemmer (1978), Kratochvíl (1982c), Groves (1982a), Salles (1992), Johnson and OBrien (1997), Bininda-Emonds et al. (1999), and Mattern and McLennan (2000). Synonyms allocated according to Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951).	Fishing Cat
14000199	Profelis	Severtzov 1858	GENUS					Profelis	Felidae	Carnivora	Revue Mag. Zool. Paris, (2) vol.10 p.386	Felis celidogaster Temminck, 1827 (= Felis aurata Temminck, 1827, by monotypy).	Chrysailurus  Severtzov, 1858.			Placed as a subgenus of Felis by McKenna and Bell (1997). There is considerable controversy with the relationship of Profelis to other cats. Some follow Pocock (1917a) and unite it with Catopuma (Bininda-Emonds et al., 1999; Collier and O'Brien, 1985; Herrington, 1986; Weigel, 1961). Others consider Profelis closely related to Caracal (Johnson and OBrien, 1997; Mattern and McLennan, 2000).	
14000200	Profelis aurata	Temminck 1827	SPECIES			aurata		Profelis	Felidae	Carnivora	Monogr. Mamm. vol.1 p.120		celidogaster  (Temminck 1827); chrysothrix (Temminck, 1827); neglecta (Gray, 1838); rutila (Waterhouse, 1843); cottoni (Lydekker, 1907).	Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso (?), Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Dem. Rep. Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Mali (?), Nigeria (?), Rwanda, Senegal (?), Sierra Leone, Togo, Uganda.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Vulnerable.	Revised by Van Mensch and Van Bree (1969). Placed in Profelis by Pocock (1917a), Weigel (1961), Hemmer (1978), Kratochvíl (1982c), and Groves (1982a). Král and Zima (1980) placed it in Felis. Synonyms allocated according to G. M. Allen (1939).	African Golden Cat
14000201	Profelis aurata subsp. aurata	Temminck 1827	SUBSPECIES		aurata	aurata		Profelis	Felidae	Carnivora	Monogr. Mamm. vol.1 p.120						
14000202	Profelis aurata subsp. cottoni	Lydekker 1907	SUBSPECIES		cottoni	aurata		Profelis	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000219	Puma yagouaroundi subsp. tolteca	Thomas 1898	SUBSPECIES		tolteca	yagouaroundi		Puma	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000236	Panthera leo subsp. melanochaita	C. E. H. Smith 1858	SUBSPECIES		melanochaita	leo		Panthera	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000203	Puma	Jardine 1834	GENUS					Puma	Felidae	Carnivora	Natur. Libr. p.266-267	Felis concolor Linnaeus, 1771, by original designation.	Herpailurus  Severtzov, 1858.			Placed as a subgenus in Felis by McKenna and Bell (1997) who separated yagouaroundi into Felis (Herpailurus). Salles (1992), Johnson and O'Brien (1997), Bininda-Emonds et al. (1999), and Mattern and McLennan (2000) considered concolor and yagouaroundi monophyletic, with Acinonyx as the sister group.	
14000221	Neofelis	Gray 1867	GENUS					Neofelis	Felidae	Carnivora	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1867 p.265	Felis macrocelis Horsfield, 1825 (= Felis nebulosa Griffith, 1821), by subsequent designation by Pocock (1917a).				Placed in Pantherinae by Hemmer (1978) and Weigel (1961). Placed in Neofelinae by Kratochvíl (1982c). Pocock (1917a), Weigel (1961), Collier and O'Brien (1985), Bininda-Emonds et al. (1999), and Mattern and McLennan (2000) considered Neofelis either as the most primitive member of the Pantherinae, or as the first outgroup. Placed in Felinae by McKenna and Bell (1997). Considered a synonym of Pardofelis by Corbet and Hill (1992).	
14000304	Paguma larvata subsp. intrudens	Wroughton 1910	SUBSPECIES		intrudens	larvata		Paguma	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000305	Paguma larvata subsp. janetta	Thomas 1928	SUBSPECIES		janetta	larvata		Paguma	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000306	Paguma larvata subsp. jourdanii	J. E. Gray 1837	SUBSPECIES		jourdanii	larvata		Paguma	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000204	Puma concolor	Linnaeus 1771	SPECIES			concolor		Puma	Felidae	Carnivora	Mantissa Plantarum vol.2 p.266		bangsi  (Merriam, 1901); incarum (Nelson and Goldman, 1929); osgoodi (Nelson and Goldman, 1929); soasoaranna (Lesson, 1842); soderstromii (Lönnberg, 1913); sucuacuara (Liais, 1872); wavula (Lesson, 1842); anthonyi (Nelson and Goldman, 1931); acrocodia (Goldman, 1943); borbensis (Nelson and Goldman, 1933); capricornensis (Goldman, 1946); concolor (Pelzeln, 1883) [preoccupied]; greeni (Nelson and Goldman, 1931); nigra Jardine, 1834<sup> [preoccupied]; </sup>cabrerae Pocock, 1940; hudsoni (Cabrera, 1958); puma (Marcelli, 1922); costaricensis (Merriam, 1901); couguar (Kerr, 1792); arundivaga (Hollister, 1911); aztecus (Merriam, 1901); browni (Merriam, 1903); californica (May, 1896); coryi (Bangs, 1899); floridana (Cory, 1896); hippolestes (Merriam, 1897); improcera (Phillips, 1912); kaibabensis (Nelson and Goldman, 1931); mayensis (Nelson and Goldman, 1929); missoulensis (Goldman, 1943); olympus (Merriam, 1897); oregonensis (Rafinesque, 1832); schorgeri (Jackson, 1955); stanleyana (Goldman, 1938); vancouverensis (Nelson and Goldman, 1932); youngi (Goldman, 1936); puma (Molina, 1782); araucanus (Osgood, 1943); concolor (Gay, 1847); patagonica (Merriam, 1901); pearsoni (Thomas, 1901); puma (Trouessart, 1904).	Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela.	CITES  Appendix I as F. c. coryi, F. c. costaricensis, and F. c. couguar; otherwise Appendix II; U.S. ESA  Endangered as F. c. coryi, F. c. costaricensis, and F. c. couguar; U.S. ESA  Similarity of Appearance to a Threatened Taxa (Florida); IUCN  Critically Endangered as P. c. couguar and P. c. coryi, otherwise Near Threatened.	Reviewed by Currier (1983) as Felis concolor. Placed in Puma by Pocock (1917a), Weigel (1961), Hemmer (1978), and Kratochvíl (1982c). Synonyms allocated according to Culver et al. (2000).	Cougar
14000205	Puma concolor subsp. concolor	Linnaeus 1771	SUBSPECIES		concolor	concolor		Puma	Felidae	Carnivora	Mantissa Plantarum vol.2 p.266						
14000206	Puma concolor subsp. anthonyi	Nelson and Goldman 1931	SUBSPECIES		anthonyi	concolor		Puma	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000207	Puma concolor subsp. cabrerae	Pocock 1940	SUBSPECIES		cabrerae	concolor		Puma	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000208	Puma concolor subsp. costaricensis	Merriam 1901	SUBSPECIES		costaricensis	concolor		Puma	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000209	Puma concolor subsp. couguar	Kerr 1792	SUBSPECIES		couguar	concolor		Puma	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000210	Puma concolor subsp. puma	Molina 1782	SUBSPECIES		puma	concolor		Puma	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000249	Panthera onca subsp. veraecruscis	Nelson and Goldman 1933	SUBSPECIES		veraecruscis	onca		Panthera	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000287	Arctogalidia trivirgata subsp. macra	Miller 1913	SUBSPECIES		macra	trivirgata		Arctogalidia	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000211	Puma yagouaroundi	É. Geoffory Saint-Hilaire 1803	SPECIES			yagouaroundi		Puma	Felidae	Carnivora	Catal. Mam. Mus. Hist. Nat. p.124		jaguarondi  (Fischer, 1814); jaguarondi (Sanderson, 1949); unicolor (Traill, 1819); yaguarondi (Lacépède, 1809); yaguarundi (Goeldi and Hagmann, 1904); ameghinoi (Holmberg, 1898); yaguarondi (Thomas, 1920); cacomitli (Berlandier, 1859); apache (Mearns, 1901); eyra (Fischer, 1814); eira (Desmarest, 1816); darwini (Martin, 1837); yaguarundi (Lahille, 1899); fossata (Mearns 1901); melantho (Thomas, 1914); panamensis (J. A. Allen, 1904); eyra (Alfaro, 1897); tolteca (Thomas, 1898).	Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, USA (Arizona, Texas, Florida  introduced), Venezuela. Recently extinct in Uruguay.	CITES  Appendix I as Herpailurus jagouaroundi (North and Central American populations); otherwise Appendix II. U.S. ESA  Endangered as H. y. cacomitli, H. y. fossata, H. y. panamensis, and H. y. tolteca; IUCN  Endangered as Herpailurus yagouaroundi cacomitli, otherwise Least Concern as H. yagouaroundi.	Others have used yaguaroundi Lacépède, 1809, or yagouaroundi Desmarest, 1816, however, the former is invalid and the latter is a junior synonym. Placed in Herpailurus by Weigel (1961), Hemmer (1978), and Kratochvíl (1982c). See comments under genus for its inclusion here. Reviewed by Oliveira (1998b). Synonyms allocated according to Cabrera (1957) and Oliveira (1998b).	Jaguarundi
14000212	Puma yagouaroundi subsp. yagouaroundi	É. Geoffory Saint-Hilaire 1803	SUBSPECIES		yagouaroundi	yagouaroundi		Puma	Felidae	Carnivora	Catal. Mam. Mus. Hist. Nat. p.124						
14000213	Puma yagouaroundi subsp. ameghinoi	Holmberg 1898	SUBSPECIES		ameghinoi	yagouaroundi		Puma	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000214	Puma yagouaroundi subsp. cacomitli	Berlandier 1859	SUBSPECIES		cacomitli	yagouaroundi		Puma	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000215	Puma yagouaroundi subsp. eyra	Fischer 1814	SUBSPECIES		eyra	yagouaroundi		Puma	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000216	Puma yagouaroundi subsp. fossata	Mearns 1901	SUBSPECIES		fossata	yagouaroundi		Puma	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000217	Puma yagouaroundi subsp. melantho	Thomas 1914	SUBSPECIES		melantho	yagouaroundi		Puma	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000218	Puma yagouaroundi subsp. panamensis	J. A. Allen 1904	SUBSPECIES		panamensis	yagouaroundi		Puma	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000220	Pantherinae	Pocock 1917	SUBFAMILY						Felidae	Carnivora	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.20 p.332		Neofelinae Kretzoi, 1929; Neofelina Kalandadze and Rautian, 1992; Pantherini  Kalandadze, 1992.			Pocock's (1917a) original classification for this subfamily placed Neofelis in the Felinae. Most recent studies have considered these taxa as a monophyletic group (Bininda-Emonds et al., 1999; Hemmer, 1978; Herrington, 1986; Johnson and O'Brien, 1997; Mattern and McLennan, 2000; Salles, 1992; Weigel, 1961). Janczewski et al. (1995) argued that separation of Neofelis and Uncia made Panthera paraphytletic.	
14000222	Neofelis nebulosa	Griffith 1821	SPECIES			nebulosa		Neofelis	Felidae	Carnivora	Gen. Particular Descrip. Vert. Anim. (Carn.) p.p. 37, pl.		melli  (Matschie, in Mell, 1922); brachyura (Swinhoe, 1862); diardi (G. Cuvier, 1823); macrosceloides (Hodgson, 1853); macrocelis (Tickell, 1843) [preoccupied].	Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia (Sumatra, Kalimantan), Laos, Malaysia, Burma, Nepal, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Vulnerable.	Placed in Neofelis by Pocock (1917a), Weigel (1961), Hemmer (1978), and Kratochvíl (1982c). Groves (1982a) placed in Panthera. Synonyms allocated according to Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951).	Clouded Leopard
14000223	Neofelis nebulosa subsp. nebulosa	Griffith 1821	SUBSPECIES		nebulosa	nebulosa		Neofelis	Felidae	Carnivora	Gen. Particular Descrip. Vert. Anim. (Carn.) p.p. 37, pl.						
14000224	Neofelis nebulosa subsp. brachyura	Swinhoe 1862	SUBSPECIES		brachyura	nebulosa		Neofelis	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000225	Neofelis nebulosa subsp. diardi	G. Cuvier 1823	SUBSPECIES		diardi	nebulosa		Neofelis	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000226	Neofelis nebulosa subsp. macrosceloides	Hodgson 1853	SUBSPECIES		macrosceloides	nebulosa		Neofelis	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000282	Arctogalidia trivirgata subsp. trivirgata	Gray 1832	SUBSPECIES		trivirgata	trivirgata		Arctogalidia	Viverridae	Carnivora	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1832 p.68						
14000283	Arctogalidia trivirgata subsp. bancana	Schwarz 1913	SUBSPECIES		bancana	trivirgata		Arctogalidia	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000284	Arctogalidia trivirgata subsp. fusca	Miller 1906	SUBSPECIES		fusca	trivirgata		Arctogalidia	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000227	Panthera	Oken 1816	GENUS					Panthera	Felidae	Carnivora	Lehrb. Naturgesch vol.3 2 p.1052	Felis pardus Linnaeus, 1758, by subsequent designation by J. A. Allen (1902).	Jaguarius  Severtzov, 1858; Leo Frisch 1775; Leonina Greve, 1894; Leoninae Wagner, 1841; Pardotigris Kretzoi, 1929, Pardus Fitzinger, 1868; Tigrina Greve, 1894; Tigrinae Wagner, 1841; Tigris Gray, 1843; Tigris Frisch, 1775.			Synonyms allocated according to McKenna and Bell (1997). Revised by Hemmer (1966, 1968, 1974). Panthera Oken, 1816, has been ruled available (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1985c). Includes Tigris following Pocock (1916b, 1929). Van Gelder (1977b) included Panthera as a synonym of Felis.	
14000228	Panthera leo	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			leo		Panthera	Felidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.41		africana  (Brehm, 1829); barbarica (Meyer, 1826); barbara (Fisher, 1829); nigra (Loche, 1867); nobilis (Gray, 1867); nubica (de Blainville, 1843); somaliensis (Noack, 1891); azandica (J. A. Allen, 1924); bleyenberghi (Lönnberg, 1914); hollisteri (J. A. Allen, 1924); kamptzi (Matschie, 1900); krugeri (Roberts, 1929); massaica (Neumann, 1900); roosevelti (Heller, 1913); sabakiensis (Lönnberg, 1908); melanochaita (C. E. H. Smith, 1858); capensis (J. B. Fischer, 1830) [preoccupied]; nyanzae (Heller, 1913); persica (Meyer, 1826); asiaticus (Brehm, 1829); bengalensis (Bennett, 1829); goojratensis (Smee, 1833); indica (de Blainville, 1843); senegalensis (J. N. von Meyer, 1826); gambiana (Gray, 1843).	Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Côte d'Ivoire, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau (?), India, Lesotho, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Recently extinct: Afghanistan, Algeria, Egypt, Gambia, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kenya, Lebanon, Libya, Kuwait, Mauritania, Morocco, Pakistan, Republic of Congo, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Syrian Arab Republic, Turkey, Tunisia, Western Sahara.	CITES  Appendix I as P. l. persica; otherwise Appendix II; U.S. ESA  Endangered as P. l. persica; IUCN  Critically Endangered as P. l. persica, otherwise Vulnerable.	Synonyms allocated according to Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951); G. M. Allen (1939). Revised by Pocock (1930c). Placed in Panthera by Pocock (1930c), Weigel (1961), Hemmer (1978), Kratochvíl (1982c), and Groves (1982a).	Lion
14000229	Panthera leo subsp. leo	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		leo	leo		Panthera	Felidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.41						
14000230	Panthera leo subsp. azandica	J. A. Allen 1924	SUBSPECIES		azandica	leo		Panthera	Felidae	Carnivora							
13801615	Eumops auripendulus subsp. major	Eger 1974	SUBSPECIES		major	auripendulus		Eumops	Molossidae	Chiroptera							
14000239	Panthera leo subsp. senegalensis	J. N. von Meyer 1826	SUBSPECIES		senegalensis	leo		Panthera	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000273	Arctictis binturong	Raffles 1821	SPECIES			binturong		Arctictis	Viverridae	Carnivora	Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol.13 p.253		ater (F. Cuvier and E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1824); gairdneri Thomas, 1916; albifrons (F. G. Cuvier, 1822); niasensis Lyon, 1916; kerkhoveni Sody, 1936; menglaensis Wang and Li, 1987; penicillatus Temminck, 1835; pageli Schwarz, 1911; whitei J. A. Allen, 1910.	Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma, China (Yunnan), India (incl. Sikkim), Indonesia (Kalimantan, Java, Sumatra), Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Philippine Isls (Palawan), Thailand, Vietnam.	CITES  Appendix III (India); IUCN  Vulnerable as A. b. whitei, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	Revised by Pocock (1933a). Synonyms allocated according to Pocock (1933a, 1941a), Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), and D. D. Davis (1962).	Binturong
14000240	Panthera onca	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			onca		Panthera	Felidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.42		boliviensis  (Nelson and Goldman, 1933); coxi (Nelson and Goldman, 1933); jaguapara (Liais, 1872); jaguar (Link, 1795); jaguarete (Liais, 1872); jaguatyrica (Liais, 1872); madeirae (Nelson and Goldman, 1933); major (J. B. Fischer, 1830); mexianae (Hagmann, 1908); minor (J. B. Fisher, 1830); nigra (Wagner, 1841); onza (Brehm, 1876); ucayalae (Nelson and Goldman, 1933); arizonensis (Goldman, 1932); centralis (Mearns, 1901); onca (Alfaro, 1897) [preoccupied]; goldmani (Mearns, 1901); gikdnabu (Goldman, 1932); hernandesii (J. E. Gray, 1857); palustris (Ameghino, 1888); antiqua (Ameghino, 1889); fossilis (Ameghino, 1889); onssa (Ihering, 1911); proplatensis (Ameghino, 1904); paraguensis (Hollister, 1914); milleri (Nelson and Goldman, 1933); notialis (Hollister, 1914); paulensis (Nelson and Goldman, 1933); ramsayi (Miller, 1930); peruviana (de Blainville, 1843); onza (Tschudi, 1844); peruviana (Hoffstetter, 1952); veraecruscis (Nelson and Goldman, 1933).	Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela. Recently extinct in United States, El Salvador, and Uruguay.	CITES  Appendix I; U. S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Near Threatened.	Synonyms allocated according to Hall (1981), Seymour (1989) and Cabrera (1957). Revised by Nelson and Goldman (1933a), Pocock (1939b), and Larson (1997). Placed in Panthera by Pocock (1939b), Weigel (1961), Hemmer (1978), Kratochvíl (1982c), and Groves (1982a). Reviewed by Seymour (1989). A multivariate analysis of skull morphology could not discriminate among subspecies (Larson, 1997).	Jaguar
14000241	Panthera onca subsp. onca	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		onca	onca		Panthera	Felidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.42						
14000242	Panthera onca subsp. arizonensis	Goldman 1932	SUBSPECIES		arizonensis	onca		Panthera	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000243	Panthera onca subsp. centralis	Mearns 1901	SUBSPECIES		centralis	onca		Panthera	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000250	Panthera pardus	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			pardus		Panthera	Felidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.41		adersi  Pocock, 1932; adusta Pocock, 1927; antinorii (de Beaux, 1924); barbara (de Blainville, 1843); brockmani Pocock, 1932; centralis (Lönnberg, 1917); chui (Heller, 1913); fortis (Heller, 1913); leoparda (Schreber, 1775); melanosticta (Lydekker, 1908); melanotica (Gunther, 1885); minor (Matschie, 1895); nanoparda (Thomas, 1904); palearia (F. G. Cuvier, 1832); panthera (Schreber, 1777); poecilura (Valenciennes, 1856); puella (Pocock, 1932); reichenowi Cabrera, 1918; ruwenzorii (Camerano, 1906); shortridgei Pocock, 1932; suahelicus (Neumann, 1900); varia (J. E. Gray, 1843); vulgaris (Oken, 1816); delacouri Pocock, 1930; variegata (Lydekker, 1914) [preoccupied]; fusca (Meyer, 1794); antiquorum Fitzinger, 1868; centralis (Lönnberg, 1917); chinenesis (Brass, 1904); iturensis J. A. Allen, 1924; longicaudata (Valenciennes, 1856); melas (Pousargues, 1896); millardi Pocock, 1930; pernigra (J. E. Gray, 1863); variegata (G. M. Allen, 1912); japonensis (J. E. Gray, 1862); bedfordi Pocock, 1930; chinensis (J. E. Gray, 1867); fontanierii (Milne-Edwards, 1867); grayi (Trouessart, 1904); hanensis Matschie, 1907; kotiya Deraniyagala, 1956; melas G. Cuvier, 1809; variegata (Wagner, 1841) [preoccupied]; nimr (Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1833); ciscaucasica (Satunin, 1914); dathei Zukowsky, 1964; jarvisi Pocock, 1932; leoparda (Sclater, 1878); saxicolor Pocock, 1927; sindica Pocock, 1930; tulliana (Valenciennes, 1856); orientalis (Schlegel, 1857); villosa (Bonhote, 1903).	Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Arabia, Armenia, Botswana, Burma, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, China, Dem. Rep. Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Guinea-Bissau, India, Indonesia (Java), Iran, Iraq, Kenya, Liberia, Laos, Malawi, Malaysia, Mauritania, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Niger, Nigeria, North and South Korea, Pakistan, Republic of Congo, Russia, Saudia Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Tanzania, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Vietnam, Zambia, Zimbabwe.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered (except in Africa, in the wild, south of, and including Gabon, Republic of Congo, Dem. Rep. Congo, Uganda, and Kenya, where this species is Threatened). IUCN  Critically Endangered as P. p. nimr, P. p. orientalis, P. p. panthera, and P. p. tulliana, Endangered as P. p. japonensis, P. p. kotiya, P. p. melas, and P. p. saxicolor, otherwise Least Concern.	Placed in Panthera by Pocock (1930a, b), Weigel (1961), Hemmer (1978), Kratochvíl (1982c), and Groves (1982a). Revised by Pocock (1930a, b, 1932c) and Miththapala et al. (1996). Synonyms allocated according to Miththapala et al. (1996).	Leopard
14000251	Panthera pardus subsp. pardus	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		pardus	pardus		Panthera	Felidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.41						
14000252	Panthera pardus subsp. delacouri	Pocock 1930	SUBSPECIES		delacouri	pardus		Panthera	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000253	Panthera pardus subsp. fusca	Meyer 1794	SUBSPECIES		fusca	pardus		Panthera	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000254	Panthera pardus subsp. japonensis	J. E. Gray 1862	SUBSPECIES		japonensis	pardus		Panthera	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000255	Panthera pardus subsp. kotiya	Deraniyagala 1956	SUBSPECIES		kotiya	pardus		Panthera	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000256	Panthera pardus subsp. melas	G. Cuvier 1809	SUBSPECIES		melas	pardus		Panthera	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000257	Panthera pardus subsp. nimr	Hemprich and Ehrenberg 1833	SUBSPECIES		nimr	pardus		Panthera	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000258	Panthera pardus subsp. orientalis	Schlegel 1857	SUBSPECIES		orientalis	pardus		Panthera	Felidae	Carnivora							
13700471	Sorex bendirii	Merriam 1884	SPECIES			bendirii	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Trans. Linnean Soc. New York vol.2 p.217		albiventer  Merriam, 1895; palmeri Merriam, 1895.	A narrow coastal area from NW California to Oregon and Washington (USA); a few records from SE British Columbia (Canada).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Originally described in the monotypic genus Atophyrax Merriam; now in subgenus Otisorex. S. vagrans complex (Carraway, 1990; Demboski and Cook, 2001). Karyotype has 2n = 54, FN = 70. Reviewed by Pattie (1973, Mammalian Species No. 27).	Marsh Shrew
13700472	Sorex bendirii subsp. bendirii	Merriam 1884	SUBSPECIES		bendirii	bendirii	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Trans. Linnean Soc. New York vol.2 p.217						
13700474	Sorex bendirii subsp. palmeri	Merriam 1895	SUBSPECIES		palmeri	bendirii	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
14000274	Arctictis binturong subsp. binturong	Raffles 1821	SUBSPECIES		binturong	binturong		Arctictis	Viverridae	Carnivora	Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol.13 p.253						
14000275	Arctictis binturong subsp. albifrons	F. G. Cuvier 1822	SUBSPECIES		albifrons	binturong		Arctictis	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000259	Panthera tigris	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			tigris		Panthera	Felidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.41		fluviatilis  (Sterndale, 1884); montana (Sterndale, 1884); regalis (J. E. Gray, 1842); striata (Severtzov, 1858); altaica Temminck, 1844; amurensis (Dode, 1871); coreensis (Brass, 1904); longipilis (Fitzinger, 1868); mandshurica (Baykov, 1925); mikadoi (Satunin, 1915); amoyensis (Hilzheimer, 1905); styani (Pocock, 1929); balica Schwarz, 1912; corbetti Mazak, 1968; sondaica Temminck, 1844; sumatrae Pocock, 1929; virgata (Illiger, 1815); septentrionalis (Satunin, 1904); trabata (Schwarz, 1916).	Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia (Sumatra only), Laos, Malaysia, Burma, Nepal, Russia, Vietnam. Recently extinct in: Afghanistan, Georgia, Bali, Java, Iran, Iraq, Kazakhstan, North Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Singapore, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Extict as P. t. balica, P. t. sondaica, and P. t. virgata, Critically Endangered as P. t. altaica, P. t. amoyensis, and P. t. sumatrae, otherwise Endangered.	Synonyms allocated according to Mazák (1981). Revised by Pocock (1929) and Mazák (1979, 1981). Placed in Panthera by Pocock (1929), Weigel (1961), Hemmer (1978), Kratochvíl (1982c), and Groves (1982a).	Tiger
14000260	Panthera tigris subsp. tigris	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		tigris	tigris		Panthera	Felidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.41						
14000261	Panthera tigris subsp. altaica	Temminck 1844	SUBSPECIES		altaica	tigris		Panthera	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000262	Panthera tigris subsp. amoyensis	Hilzheimer 1905	SUBSPECIES		amoyensis	tigris		Panthera	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000263	Panthera tigris subsp. balica	Schwarz 1912	SUBSPECIES		balica	tigris		Panthera	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000264	Panthera tigris subsp. corbetti	Mazak 1968	SUBSPECIES		corbetti	tigris		Panthera	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000265	Panthera tigris subsp. sondaica	Temminck 1844	SUBSPECIES		sondaica	tigris		Panthera	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000266	Panthera tigris subsp. sumatrae	Pocock 1929	SUBSPECIES		sumatrae	tigris		Panthera	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000267	Panthera tigris subsp. virgata	Illiger 1815	SUBSPECIES		virgata	tigris		Panthera	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000268	Uncia	Gray 1854	GENUS					Uncia	Felidae	Carnivora	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 2 vol.14 p.394	Felis irbis Ehrenberg, 1830 (= Felis uncia Schreber, 1775), by subsequent designation (Palmer, 1904).				Revised by Pocock (1916b). Yu et al. (1996) considered Uncia congeneric with Panthera.	
14000285	Arctogalidia trivirgata subsp. inornata	Miller 1901	SUBSPECIES		inornata	trivirgata		Arctogalidia	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000286	Arctogalidia trivirgata subsp. leucotis	Horsfield 1851	SUBSPECIES		leucotis	trivirgata		Arctogalidia	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000269	Uncia uncia	Schreber 1775	SPECIES			uncia		Uncia	Felidae	Carnivora	Die Säugethiere vol.2 14 p.pl. 100[1775]; see also text, 3(22):386-7[1777]		baikalensis-romanii Medvedev, 2000; irbis (Ehrenberg, 1830); schneideri (Zukowsky, 1950); uncioides (Horsfield, 1855).	Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Endangered.	Revised by Pocock (1930a, b). Placed in Uncia by Pocock (1930a, b), Weigel (1961), Kratochvíl (1982c), and Heptner et al. (1967a). Placed in Uncia and reviewed by Hemmer (1972). Status of proposed subspecies baikalensisromanii needs evaluation, see Medvedev (2000).	Snow leopard
14000270	Viverridae	Gray 1821	FAMILY						Viverridae	Carnivora	London Med. Repos. vol.1821 p.301					Does not include (1) Herpestinae Bonaparte, 1845 or Galidiinae Gray, 1865 (Flynn et al., 1988; Gregory and Hellman, 1939; Hunt, 1987; Pocock, 1916c, 1919; Radinsky, 1975; Thenius, 1972; Wozencraft, 1989a, b; Wurster and Benirschke, 1968); (2) Nandinia (Flynn and Nedbal, 1998; Hunt, 2001; Veron and Heard, 2000; Yoder et al., 2003); and (3) Cryptoprocta, Eupleres, and Fossa (Veron, 1995; Veron and Catzeflis, 1993; Veron and Heard, 2000; Yoder et al., 2003). The viverrids are one of the most problematic families of carnivores. Hunt (2001) placed the members of this family into six subfamilies: Prionodontinae (incl. Prionodon, Poiana, and Genetta); Viverrinae (incl. Viverra, Viverricula, Osbornictis, and Civettictis); Euplerinae (incl. Fossa and Eupleres); Cryptoproctinae (Cryptoprocta); Hemigalinae (incl. Hemigalus, Diplogale, Chrotogale, and <... [truncated]	
14000271	Paradoxurinae	Gray 1864 "1865"	SUBFAMILY						Viverridae	Carnivora	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1864 p.508		Arctictidina Gray, 1864; Arctictidae Cope, 1882; Arctogalidiinae Pocock, 1933; Arctogalidiini Simpson, 1945; Paradoxurida Gregory and Hellman, 1939; Paradoxurini Simpson, 1945.				
14000272	Arctictis	Temminck 1824	GENUS					Arctictis	Viverridae	Carnivora	Prospectus de Monographies de Mammifères p.xxi [issued March, 1824]	Viverra binturong Raffles, 1821, by monotypy (Melville and Smith, 1987).	Ictides  Valenciennes, 1825.			First placed in Paradoxurinae by Gray (1869).	
14000276	Arctictis binturong subsp. kerkhoveni	Sody 1936	SUBSPECIES		kerkhoveni	binturong		Arctictis	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000277	Arctictis binturong subsp. menglaensis	Wang and Li 1987	SUBSPECIES		menglaensis	binturong		Arctictis	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000281	Arctogalidia trivirgata	Gray 1832	SPECIES			trivirgata		Arctogalidia	Viverridae	Carnivora	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1832 p.68		bancana  Schwarz, 1913; fusca Miller, 1906; depressa Miller, 1913; inornata Miller, 1901; leucotis Horsfield, 1851; prehensilis Sclater, 1877; macra Miller, 1913; major Miller, 1906; millsi Wroughton, 1921; minor Lyon, 1906; simplex Miller, 1902; mima Miller, 1913; stigmaticus (Temminck, 1853); bicolor Miller, 1913; sumatrana Lyon, 1908; tingia Lyon, 1908; trilineata Wagner, 1841.	Bangladesh, Burma, China (Yunnan), India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam.	IUCN  Endangered as A. t. trilineata, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	Revised by Pocock (1933a) and Van Bemmel (1952). Gray (1832) originally described the type from the "Moluccas"; later Temminck (1841) referred to the same specimen as being from "Java". Gray (1843), then corrected the presumed geographic error and listed the same type as from "Malacca". Jentink (1887) listed the same type from "Buitenzorg". However, Van Bemmel (1952) stated that the collector, Reinwardt, was in the eastern part of the Indo-Australian Archipelago in 1821 and the type did not match other specimens from Java. Synonyms allocated according to Pocock (1933a) except that Pocock placed leucotis, millsi and macra in a separate species (=leucotis). Corbet and Hill (1992) proposed three subspecies: Mainland north of the Isthmus of Kra (leucotis); Malaya, Sumatra, and Borneo (trivirgata); and Java (trilineata).	Small-toothed Palm Civet
14000288	Arctogalidia trivirgata subsp. major	Miller 1906	SUBSPECIES		major	trivirgata		Arctogalidia	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000289	Arctogalidia trivirgata subsp. millsi	Wroughton 1921	SUBSPECIES		millsi	trivirgata		Arctogalidia	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000290	Arctogalidia trivirgata subsp. minor	Lyon 1906	SUBSPECIES		minor	trivirgata		Arctogalidia	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000291	Arctogalidia trivirgata subsp. simplex	Miller 1902	SUBSPECIES		simplex	trivirgata		Arctogalidia	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000292	Arctogalidia trivirgata subsp. stigmaticus	Temminck 1853	SUBSPECIES		stigmaticus	trivirgata		Arctogalidia	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000293	Arctogalidia trivirgata subsp. sumatrana	Lyon 1908	SUBSPECIES		sumatrana	trivirgata		Arctogalidia	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000294	Arctogalidia trivirgata subsp. tingia	Lyon 1908	SUBSPECIES		tingia	trivirgata		Arctogalidia	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000295	Arctogalidia trivirgata subsp. trilineata	Wagner 1841	SUBSPECIES		trilineata	trivirgata		Arctogalidia	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000296	Macrogalidia	Schwarz 1910	GENUS					Macrogalidia	Viverridae	Carnivora	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5 vol.8 p.423	Paradoxurus musschenbroekii Schlegel, 1877, by monotypy.				First placed in the Paradoxurinae by Pocock (1933a).	
14000297	Macrogalidia musschenbroekii	Schlegel 1877	SPECIES			musschenbroekii		Macrogalidia	Viverridae	Carnivora	Prosp. Mus. Publ. vol.1877 p.[unnumbered]			Indonesia (Sulawesi).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Schlegel (1877) circulated an unnumbered "Prospectus," for the "Annals of the Royal Zoological Museum of the Netherlands at Leyden", which contained the first mention of the new species. The prospectus was to preceed the first issue of the new "Annals" which was never printed. He republished the type description in the Notes of the Leyden Museum (1879).	Sulawesi Palm Civet
14000298	Paguma	Gray 1831	GENUS					Paguma	Viverridae	Carnivora	Proc. Comm. Sci. Corres. Zool. Soc. London vol.1831 p.94	Gulo larvatus C. E. H. Smith, 1827.	Ambliodon  Jourdan, 1837.			Reviewed by Pocock (1933c).	
14000299	Paguma larvata	C. E. H. Smith 1827	SPECIES			larvata		Paguma	Viverridae	Carnivora	In Griffith et al., Anim. Kingdom vol.2 p.281		reevesi Matschie, 1907; rivalis Thomas, 1921; chichingensis Wang, 1981; grayi (Bennett, 1835); nipalensis (Hodgson, 1836); hainana Thomas, 1909; intrudens Wroughton, 1910; vagans Kloss, 1919; yunalis Thomas, 1921; janetta Thomas, 1928; jourdanii (J. E. Gray, 1837); aurata (de Blainville, 1842); annectens Robinson and Kloss, 1917; dore (Jourdan, 1837); lanigera (Hodgson, 1836); grayi Wroughton, 1918; laniger (Hodgson, 1841); leucomystax (J. E. Gray, 1837); neglecta Pocock, 1934; nigriceps Pocock, 1939; ogilbyi (Fraser, 1846); leucocephala J. E. Gray, 1864; rubidus (Blyth, 1858); robusta (Miller, 1906); taivana Swinhoe, 1862; tytlerii (Tytler, 1864); wroughtoni Schwarz, 1913.	Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, China (Hainan north to Hopei, Shanxi and the vicinity of Beijing), India (and S Andaman Isls), Indonesia (Kalimantan, Sumatra), Japan (introduced), Laos, Malaysia (Sabah, Sarawak, West), Nepal, Pakistan, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam.	CITES  Appendix III (India); IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Pocock (1934b) included Paradoxurus tytlerii. P. lanigera, the "imperfect, no doubt immature skin, without skull (B.M. no. 43.1.12.103)" provisionally recognized as separate by Pocock (1941a:416) does not contain diagnostic features that would definitively align the specimen with Paguma (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951). Synonyms allocated according to Pocock (1934b) and Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951).	Masked Palm Civet
14000300	Paguma larvata subsp. larvata	C. E. H. Smith 1827	SUBSPECIES		larvata	larvata		Paguma	Viverridae	Carnivora	In Griffith et al., Anim. Kingdom vol.2 p.281						
14000301	Paguma larvata subsp. chichingensis	Wang 1981	SUBSPECIES		chichingensis	larvata		Paguma	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000302	Paguma larvata subsp. grayi	Bennett 1835	SUBSPECIES		grayi	larvata		Paguma	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000307	Paguma larvata subsp. lanigera	Hodgson 1836	SUBSPECIES		lanigera	larvata		Paguma	Viverridae	Carnivora						See comments under species.	
14000308	Paguma larvata subsp. leucomystax	J. E. Gray 1837	SUBSPECIES		leucomystax	larvata		Paguma	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000309	Paguma larvata subsp. neglecta	Pocock 1934	SUBSPECIES		neglecta	larvata		Paguma	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000310	Paguma larvata subsp. nigriceps	Pocock 1939	SUBSPECIES		nigriceps	larvata		Paguma	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000311	Paguma larvata subsp. ogilbyi	Fraser 1846	SUBSPECIES		ogilbyi	larvata		Paguma	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000312	Paguma larvata subsp. robusta	Miller 1906	SUBSPECIES		robusta	larvata		Paguma	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000313	Paguma larvata subsp. taivana	Swinhoe 1862	SUBSPECIES		taivana	larvata		Paguma	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000314	Paguma larvata subsp. tytlerii	Tytler 1864	SUBSPECIES		tytlerii	larvata		Paguma	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000315	Paguma larvata subsp. wroughtoni	Schwarz 1913	SUBSPECIES		wroughtoni	larvata		Paguma	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000316	Paradoxurus	F. Cuvier 1821	GENUS					Paradoxurus	Viverridae	Carnivora	In E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mammifères, pt. 2 vol.3 24 p."Martre des Palmiers", 5 pp., 1 pl.	Paradoxurus typus F. Cuvier, 1821 (= Viverra hermaphrodita Pallas, 1777), by indication (Melville and Smith, 1987).	Bondar Gray, 1865; Macrodus Gray, 1865; Platyschista Otto, 1835.			Revised by Pocock (1933c, 1934a).	
14000317	Paradoxurus hermaphroditus	Pallas 1777	SPECIES			hermaphroditus		Paradoxurus	Viverridae	Carnivora	In Schreber, Die Säugethiere vol.3 25 p.426 [1777]		felinus Wagner, 1841; fuliginosus Gray, 1832; laneus Pocock, 1934; niger Blanford, 1885; nigra (Desmarest, 1820); pallasii (Otto, 1835); typus F. G. Cuvier and Geoffroy, 1821; balicus Sody, 1933; bondar (Desmarest, 1820); crossi Gray, 1832; hirsutus Hodgson, 1836; pennantii Gray, 1832; strictus Horsfield (Hodgson, 1855 MS.); canescens Lyon, 1907; canus Miller, 1913; cochinensis Schwarz, 1911; kutensis Chasen and Kloss, 1916; dongfangensis Corbet and Hill, 1992; hainanus Wang and Xu, 1981 [preoccupied]; enganus Lyon, 1916; exitus Schwarz, 1911; javanica Horsfield, 1824; dubius Gray, 1832; macrodus Gray, 1864; kangeanus Thomas, 1910; laotum Gyldenstolpe, 1917; birmanicus Wroughton, 1917; lignicolor Miller, 1903; siberu Chasen and Kloss, 1928; milleri Kloss, 1908; fuscus Miller, 1913; minor Bonhote, 1903; ravus Miller, 1913; musanga (Raffles, 1821); brunneipes Miller, 1906; cantori Pocock, 1934; fossa (Marsden, 1811) [preoccupied]; musangoides Gray, 1837; padangus Lyon, 1908; sumatrensis Fischer, 1829; nictitans Taylor, 1891; pallasii Gray, 1832; nigrifons Gray, 1864; prehensilis Desmarest, 1820 [preoccupied]; quadriscriptus Horsfield (Hodgson, 1855 MS.); strictus Wroughton, 1917; vicinus Schwarz, 1910; pallens Miller, 1913; parvus Miller, 1913; enganus Lyon, 1916; philippinensis Jourdan, 1837; baritensis L&#337;nnberg, 1925; minax Thomas, 1909; sabanus Thomas, 1909; torvus Thomas, 1909; pugnax Miller, 1913; pulcher Miller, 1913; sacer Miller, 1913; scindiae Pocock, 1934; senex Miller, 1913; setosus Jacquinot and Pucheran, 1853; celebensis Schwarz, 1911; simplex Miller, 1913; sumbanus Schwarz, 1910; vellerosus Pocock, 1934.	Bhutan, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, New Guinea, Philippine Isls, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; scattered records in Sulawesi, Moluccas, and Aru Isls, probably resulting from introductions.	CITES  Appendix III (India); IUCN  Vulnerable as P. h. lignicolor, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	Two primary systematic studies  Chasen and Kloss (1927) and Pocock (1934a)  considered lignicolor Miller, 1903 (an insular population) as conspecific. However, Pocock did not directly study Millers (1903b) type specimen. Corbet and Hills (1992) review separated lignicolor from other hermaphroditus and perhaps it should best be listed as incertae sedis. They point out the pelage differences (a paler tail, and a more uniform body color). Synonyms allocated according to Pocock (1933c, 1934a) and Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951).	Asian Palm Civet
14000318	Paradoxurus hermaphroditus subsp. hermaphroditus	Pallas 1777	SUBSPECIES		hermaphroditus	hermaphroditus		Paradoxurus	Viverridae	Carnivora	In Schreber, Die Säugethiere vol.3 25 p.426 [1777]						
14000319	Paradoxurus hermaphroditus subsp. balicus	Sody 1933	SUBSPECIES		balicus	hermaphroditus		Paradoxurus	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000320	Paradoxurus hermaphroditus subsp. bondar	Desmarest 1820	SUBSPECIES		bondar	hermaphroditus		Paradoxurus	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000321	Paradoxurus hermaphroditus subsp. canescens	Lyon 1907	SUBSPECIES		canescens	hermaphroditus		Paradoxurus	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000322	Paradoxurus hermaphroditus subsp. canus	Miller 1913	SUBSPECIES		canus	hermaphroditus		Paradoxurus	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000323	Paradoxurus hermaphroditus subsp. cochinensis	Schwarz 1911	SUBSPECIES		cochinensis	hermaphroditus		Paradoxurus	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000324	Paradoxurus hermaphroditus subsp. dongfangensis	Corbet and Hill 1992	SUBSPECIES		dongfangensis	hermaphroditus		Paradoxurus	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000325	Paradoxurus hermaphroditus subsp. enganus	Lyon 1916	SUBSPECIES		enganus	hermaphroditus		Paradoxurus	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000326	Paradoxurus hermaphroditus subsp. exitus	Schwarz 1911	SUBSPECIES		exitus	hermaphroditus		Paradoxurus	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000327	Paradoxurus hermaphroditus subsp. javanica	Horsfield 1824	SUBSPECIES		javanica	hermaphroditus		Paradoxurus	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000328	Paradoxurus hermaphroditus subsp. kangeanus	Thomas 1910	SUBSPECIES		kangeanus	hermaphroditus		Paradoxurus	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000329	Paradoxurus hermaphroditus subsp. laotum	Gyldenstolpe 1917	SUBSPECIES		laotum	hermaphroditus		Paradoxurus	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000330	Paradoxurus hermaphroditus subsp. lignicolor	Miller 1903	SUBSPECIES		lignicolor	hermaphroditus		Paradoxurus	Viverridae	Carnivora						See comments under species.	
14000331	Paradoxurus hermaphroditus subsp. milleri	Kloss 1908	SUBSPECIES		milleri	hermaphroditus		Paradoxurus	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000332	Paradoxurus hermaphroditus subsp. minor	Bonhote 1903	SUBSPECIES		minor	hermaphroditus		Paradoxurus	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000333	Paradoxurus hermaphroditus subsp. musanga	Raffles 1821	SUBSPECIES		musanga	hermaphroditus		Paradoxurus	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000334	Paradoxurus hermaphroditus subsp. nictitans	Taylor 1891	SUBSPECIES		nictitans	hermaphroditus		Paradoxurus	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000335	Paradoxurus hermaphroditus subsp. pallasii	Gray 1832	SUBSPECIES		pallasii	hermaphroditus		Paradoxurus	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000336	Paradoxurus hermaphroditus subsp. pallens	Miller 1913	SUBSPECIES		pallens	hermaphroditus		Paradoxurus	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000337	Paradoxurus hermaphroditus subsp. parvus	Miller 1913	SUBSPECIES		parvus	hermaphroditus		Paradoxurus	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000338	Paradoxurus hermaphroditus subsp. philippinensis	Jourdan 1837	SUBSPECIES		philippinensis	hermaphroditus		Paradoxurus	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000339	Paradoxurus hermaphroditus subsp. pugnax	Miller 1913	SUBSPECIES		pugnax	hermaphroditus		Paradoxurus	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000340	Paradoxurus hermaphroditus subsp. pulcher	Miller 1913	SUBSPECIES		pulcher	hermaphroditus		Paradoxurus	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000341	Paradoxurus hermaphroditus subsp. sacer	Miller 1913	SUBSPECIES		sacer	hermaphroditus		Paradoxurus	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000342	Paradoxurus hermaphroditus subsp. scindiae	Pocock 1934	SUBSPECIES		scindiae	hermaphroditus		Paradoxurus	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000343	Paradoxurus hermaphroditus subsp. senex	Miller 1913	SUBSPECIES		senex	hermaphroditus		Paradoxurus	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000344	Paradoxurus hermaphroditus subsp. setosus	Jacquinot and Pucheran 1853	SUBSPECIES		setosus	hermaphroditus		Paradoxurus	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000345	Paradoxurus hermaphroditus subsp. simplex	Miller 1913	SUBSPECIES		simplex	hermaphroditus		Paradoxurus	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000346	Paradoxurus hermaphroditus subsp. sumbanus	Schwarz 1910	SUBSPECIES		sumbanus	hermaphroditus		Paradoxurus	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000347	Paradoxurus hermaphroditus subsp. vellerosus	Pocock 1934	SUBSPECIES		vellerosus	hermaphroditus		Paradoxurus	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000348	Paradoxurus jerdoni	Blanford 1885	SPECIES			jerdoni		Paradoxurus	Viverridae	Carnivora	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1885 p.613, 802		caniscus  Pocock, 1933.	S India.	CITES  Appendix III (India); IUCN  Vulnerable.	Synonyms allocated according to Pocock (1933c) and Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951).	Jerdon's Palm Civet
14000349	Paradoxurus jerdoni subsp. jerdoni	Blanford 1885	SUBSPECIES		jerdoni	jerdoni		Paradoxurus	Viverridae	Carnivora	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1885 p.613, 802						
14000350	Paradoxurus jerdoni subsp. caniscus	Pocock 1933	SUBSPECIES		caniscus	jerdoni		Paradoxurus	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000351	Paradoxurus zeylonensis	Schreber 1778	SPECIES			zeylonensis		Paradoxurus	Viverridae	Carnivora	Die Säugethiere vol.3 26 p.451		aureus F. G. Cuvier, 1822; fuscus Kelaart, 1852; montanus Kelaart, 1852; zeylanica (Gmelin, 1788).	Endemic to Sri Lanka.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Golden Palm Civet
14000352	Hemigalinae	Gray 1864 "1865"	SUBFAMILY						Viverridae	Carnivora	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1864 p.508		Cynogalina Gray, 1865; Cynogalidae Gray, 1869; Cynogalini Simpson, 1945; Hemigalida Gregory and Hellman, 1939; Hemigalini Simpson, 1945.			Simpson (1945) also included Eupleres and Fossa, following Pocock (1915b). Pocock (1933d) and Gregory and Hellman (1939) placed Cynogale in the monotypic Cynogalinae, although both recognized the close relationship of Cynogale to other hemigalines. Placed in Hemigalinae by Simpson (1945) and Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951).	
14000462	Galidictis fasciata subsp. striatus	G. Cuvier 1829	SUBSPECIES		striatus	fasciata		Galidictis	Eupleridae	Carnivora							
14000353	Chrotogale	Thomas 1912	GENUS					Chrotogale	Viverridae	Carnivora	Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1912 106 p.17	Chrotogale owstoni Thomas, 1912, by monotypy.				Corbet and Hill (1992) suggested that Chrotogale and Hemigalus are congeneric. This has not been supported by morphological or molecular studies (Veron and Heard, 2000).	
14000354	Chrotogale owstoni	Thomas 1912	SPECIES			owstoni		Chrotogale	Viverridae	Carnivora	Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1912 106 p.17			China (Yunnan, Guangxi), Laos, Vietnam.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Revised by Pocock (1933d).	Owston's Palm Civet
14000355	Cynogale	Gray 1836 "1837"	GENUS					Cynogale	Viverridae	Carnivora	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1836 p.88	Cynogale bennettii Gray, 1837, by monotypy (Melville and Smith, 1987).	Lamictis  de Blainville, 1837; Potamophilus Müller, 1838.				
14000370	Prionodon linsang subsp. linsang	Hardwicke 1821	SUBSPECIES		linsang	linsang		Prionodon	Viverridae	Carnivora	Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol.13 p.236, pl. 24						
14000371	Prionodon linsang subsp. fredericae	Sody 1936	SUBSPECIES		fredericae	linsang		Prionodon	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000356	Cynogale bennettii	Gray 1836 "1837"	SPECIES			bennettii		Cynogale	Viverridae	Carnivora	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1836 p.88		barbatus Müller, 1838; carcharias de Blainville, 1837; lowei Pocock, 1933.	Brunei, Indonesia (Kalimantan, Sumatra), Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Endangered; Cynogale populations from Vietnam (C. b. lowei) considered by IUCN to have high conservation priority status for viverrids (Schreiber et al., 1989).	Revised by Pocock (1933d). Includes C. lowei, which is known only from the type, a poorly preserved juvenile skin from N Vietnam (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951). Schreiber et al. (1989) and Corbet and Hill (1992) recognized lowei as a separate species, however primary systematic studies are lacking. Synonyms allocated according to Pocock (1933d).	Otter Civet
14000357	Cynogale bennettii subsp. bennettii	Gray 1836 "1837"	SUBSPECIES		bennettii	bennettii		Cynogale	Viverridae	Carnivora	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1836 p.88						
14000358	Cynogale bennettii subsp. lowei	Pocock 1933	SUBSPECIES		lowei	bennettii		Cynogale	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000359	Diplogale	Thomas 1912	GENUS					Diplogale	Viverridae	Carnivora	Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1912 106 p.18	Hemigale hosei Thomas, 1892, by original designation.					
14000360	Diplogale hosei	Thomas 1892	SPECIES			hosei		Diplogale	Viverridae	Carnivora	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.9 p.250			Malaysia (Sabah, Sarawak).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Thomas published two accounts of the type description in 1892, one printed in August (Thomas, 1892a), and another printed in October (Thomas, 1892b). Although Pocock (1933d) and Corbet and Hill (1992) supported Thomas (1912d) in separating this species into Diplogale; Chasen (1940), Medway (1977), and Payne et al. (1985) did not.	Hose's Palm Civet
14000361	Hemigalus	Jourdan 1837	GENUS					Hemigalus	Viverridae	Carnivora	C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris vol.5 p.442	Hemigalus zebra Jourdan, 1837 (= Paradoxurus derbyanus Gray, 1837) by monotypy.	Hemigale  Gray, 1865; Hemigalea Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and de Blainville, 1837.			Corbet and Hill (1992) included Chrotogale but excluded Diplogale. There is little question that these three taxa represent a monophyletic group and few would question that Diplogale is more closely related to Hemigalus than Chrotogale. Molecular studies by Veron and Heard (2000) supported the separation of Hemigalus and Chrotogale.	
14000362	Hemigalus derbyanus	Gray 1837	SPECIES			derbyanus		Hemigalus	Viverridae	Carnivora	Mag. Nat. Hist. [Charlesworth's] vol.1 p.579		derbianus Gray, 1838; derbyi Temminck, 1841; incursor Thomas, 1915; invisus Pocock, 1933; zebra Gray, 1837; boiei Müller, 1838; minor Miller, 1903; sipora Chasen and Kloss, 1927.	Burma (peninsular), Indonesia (Sipora Isl, South Pagi Isl, Kalimantan, Sumatra), Malaysia, Thailand.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Gervais (1841) was the first to place in Hemigalus. Gray (1849) later considered Paradoxurus derbyanus a junior synonym of Viverra hardwicki Gray (1830), and placed it also in the genus Hemigalea after Jourdan (1837). However, V. hardwicki is a junior synonym of Prionodon linsang Raffles (1821). Synonyms allocated according to D. D. Davis (1962).	Banded Palm Civet
14000363	Hemigalus derbyanus subsp. derbyanus	Gray 1837	SUBSPECIES		derbyanus	derbyanus		Hemigalus	Viverridae	Carnivora	Mag. Nat. Hist. [Charlesworth's] vol.1 p.579						
14000364	Hemigalus derbyanus subsp. boiei	Müller 1838	SUBSPECIES		boiei	derbyanus		Hemigalus	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000365	Hemigalus derbyanus subsp. minor	Miller 1903	SUBSPECIES		minor	derbyanus		Hemigalus	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000366	Hemigalus derbyanus subsp. sipora	Chasen and Kloss 1927	SUBSPECIES		sipora	derbyanus		Hemigalus	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000367	Prionodontinae	Pocock 1933	SUBFAMILY						Viverridae	Carnivora	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1933 p.970					Pocock (1933d) and Gregory and Hellman (1939) placed Poiana and Prionodon in the Prionodontinae, considered a sister group to the remaining viverrines. This was not followed by Gill (1872), Simpson (1945), Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), Rosevear (1974), and Wozencraft (1989b). Gaubert et al. (2004) demonstrated that Prionodon should be excluded from the Viverrinae but left Poiana in the Viverrinae (which is followed here); however, see Hunt (2001) who included Poiana.	
14000463	Galidictis grandidieri	Wozencraft 1986	SPECIES			grandidieri		Galidictis	Eupleridae	Carnivora	J. Mammal. vol.67 p.561			Known only from the spiny desert of SW Madagascar.	IUCN  Endangered.	G. grandidiensis Wozencraft, 1986 was emended to G. grandidieri by Wozencraft (1987).	Grandidiers Mongoose
14000368	Prionodon	Horsfield 1822	GENUS					Prionodon	Viverridae	Carnivora	Zool. Res. Java vol.Part 5 p.p. 13(unno.) of Mangusta javanica acct	Prionodon gracilis (Horsfield, 1822) (= Viverra ? linsang Hardwicke, 1821).	Linsang  Müller, 1840; Linsanga Lydekker, 1896; Pardictis Thomas, 1925; Priodontes Lesson, 1842.			See comments under family and subfamily for the taxonomic position of this genus.	
14000369	Prionodon linsang	Hardwicke 1821	SPECIES			linsang		Prionodon	Viverridae	Carnivora	Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol.13 p.236, pl. 24		maculosus Blanford, 1878; fredericae Sody, 1936; interliniurus Sody, 1949; gracilis (Horsfield, 1822); hardwichii (Lesson, 1827).	Burma (peninsular), Indonesia (Banka Isl; Java; Kalimantan, Billiton Isl); Malaysia (West) to Sumatra.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Synonyms allocated according to Pocock (1933d), Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), and D. D. Davis (1962).	Banded Linsang
14000372	Prionodon linsang subsp. gracilis	Horsfield 1822	SUBSPECIES		gracilis	linsang		Prionodon	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000373	Prionodon pardicolor	Hodgson 1842	SPECIES			pardicolor		Prionodon	Viverridae	Carnivora	Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. vol.2 p.57		pardochrous Gray, 1863; perdicator (Schinz, 1844); presina (Thomas, 1925).	Bhutan, Burma, China (Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan), India, Laos, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Spotted Linsang
14000374	Prionodon pardicolor subsp. pardicolor	Hodgson 1842	SUBSPECIES		pardicolor	pardicolor		Prionodon	Viverridae	Carnivora	Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. vol.2 p.57						
14000375	Prionodon pardicolor subsp. presina	Thomas 1925	SUBSPECIES		presina	pardicolor		Prionodon	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000415	Poiana richardsonii subsp. richardsonii	Thomson 1842	SUBSPECIES		richardsonii	richardsonii		Poiana	Viverridae	Carnivora	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.10 p.204						
14000376	Viverrinae	Gray 1821	SUBFAMILY						Viverridae	Carnivora	London Med. Repos. vol.15 p.301					Pocock (1933c) and Gregory and Hellman (1939) placed Poiana and Prionodon in the Prionodontinae, considered a sister group to the remaining viverrines. This was not followed by Gill (1872), Simpson (1945), Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), Rosevear (1974), and Wozencraft (1989b). Gaubert et al. (2004) excluded Prionodon from the Viverrinae (followed here).	
14000377	Civettictis	Pocock 1915	GENUS					Civettictis	Viverridae	Carnivora	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1915 p.134	Viverra civetta Schreber, 1776, by monotypy (Melville and Smith, 1987).				Included in Viverra by Coetzee (1977b); recognized as Civettictis by Rosevear (1974), Kingdon (1977), Ansell (1978), Smithers (1983), and Wozencraft (1989b).	
13700475	Sorex buchariensis	Ognev 1922	SPECIES			buchariensis	Sorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mus. Zool. Acad. Sci. St. Petersbourg vol.22 p.320			Pamir Mtns (Tajikistan).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Sorex, S. minutus group. Referred to subgenus Eurosorex by Yudin (1989). Considered a subspecies of thibetanus by Dolgov and Hoffmann (1977) and Hoffmann (1987, 1996a), but retained as a distinct species by Ivanitskaya et al. (1977), Hutterer (1979), Zaitsev (1988), and Yudin (1989). Karyotypes of two specimens from Tajikistan (2n = 40, FN = 60) were similar to that of volnuchini (Ivanitskaya et al., 1977).	Buchara Shrew
14000378	Civettictis civetta	Schreber 1776	SPECIES			civetta		Civettictis	Viverridae	Carnivora	Die Säugethiere vol.3 16 p.pl. 111[1776]; see also text 3(24):418, 3:index, p. 587[1777]		poortmanni (Pucheran, 1855); australis Lundholm, 1955; congica Cabrera, 1929; pauli Kock, Künzel and Rayaleh, 2000; schwarzi Cabrera, 1929; orientalis (Matschie, 1891) [preoccupied]; matschiei (Pocock, 1933); megaspila (Noack, 1891) [preoccupied]; volkmanni Lundholm, 1955.	Angola, Benin, Botswana, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Côte dIvoire, Dem. Rep. Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Republic of Congo, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe.	CITES  Appendix III (Botswana); IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Ray (1995) reviewed this species. Some authors have placed this species in Viverra, (see Coetzee, 1977); most have followed Pocock (1915b), who placed this species in Civettictis. Rosevear (1974) noted differences in scent glands; G. Petter (1969) discussed dental differences. Synonyms allocated according to Kock et al. (2000c).	African Civet
14000379	Civettictis civetta subsp. civetta	Schreber 1776	SUBSPECIES		civetta	civetta		Civettictis	Viverridae	Carnivora	Die Säugethiere vol.3 16 p.pl. 111[1776]; see also text 3(24):418, 3:index, p. 587[1777]						
14000380	Civettictis civetta subsp. australis	Lundholm 1955	SUBSPECIES		australis	civetta		Civettictis	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000381	Civettictis civetta subsp. congica	Cabrera 1929	SUBSPECIES		congica	civetta		Civettictis	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000382	Civettictis civetta subsp. pauli	Kock, Künzel and Rayaleh 2000	SUBSPECIES		pauli	civetta		Civettictis	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000383	Civettictis civetta subsp. schwarzi	Cabrera 1929	SUBSPECIES		schwarzi	civetta		Civettictis	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000384	Civettictis civetta subsp. volkmanni	Lundholm 1955	SUBSPECIES		volkmanni	civetta		Civettictis	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000484	Atilax paludinosus subsp. nigerianus	Thomas 1912	SUBSPECIES		nigerianus	paludinosus		Atilax	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000385	Genetta	G.[Baron] Cuvier 1816	GENUS					Genetta	Viverridae	Carnivora	Règne Anim. vol.1 p.156	Viverra genetta Linnaeus, 1758, by designation.	Odmaelurus  Gloger, 1841; Paragenetta Kuhn, 1960; Pseudogenetta Dekeyser, 1949.			For reviews, see Crawford-Cabral (1966a, 1969, 1970, 1973, 1981a, b), Rosevear (1974), Coetzee (1977), Schlawe (1980a, 1981), Wozencraft (1984, 1989b), Gaubert et al. (2002b, 2003a, b, 2004). Synonyms for the species in this genus follow Gaubert (2003) and Gaubert et al. (2002a, 2003a, b). Gaubert et al. (2002b) suggested that subgenera within the genus should be abandoned.	
14000386	Genetta abyssinica	Rüppell 1836	SPECIES			abyssinica		Genetta	Viverridae	Carnivora	Neue Wirbelt. Fauna Abyssin. Gehörig. Säugeth. vol.1 p.33			Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, Sudan.	IUCN  Data Deficient.		Abyssinian Genet
14000387	Genetta angolensis	Bocage 1882	SPECIES			angolensis		Genetta	Viverridae	Carnivora	J. Sci. Math. Phys. Nat. Lisboa, ser. 1 vol.9 p.29		hintoni  Schwarz, 1929; mossambica Matschie, 1902.	Angola, Dem. Rep. Congo, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Crawford-Cabral (1970) argued that mossambica should be considered a synonym of angolensis, but later (Crawford-Cabral and Pacheco, 1992) changed and placed mossambica in zambesiana (= maculata). Crawford-Cabral and Fernandes (1999) considered "mossambica" specimens--as identified by Roberts (1951) distinct from mossambica Matschie, 1902, and therefore constituting a separate species closely related to maculata.	Angolan Genet
14000388	Genetta bourloni	Gaubert 2003	SPECIES			bourloni		Genetta	Viverridae	Carnivora	Mammalia vol.67 1 p.95			Guinea, Côte dIvoire, Liberia, Sierra Leone.			Bourlons Genet
14000389	Genetta cristata	Hayman In Sanborn 1940	SPECIES			cristata		Genetta	Viverridae	Carnivora	Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.24 p.686		bini  Rosevear, 1974.	Cameroon-Nigeria border region.	IUCN  Endangered.	Considered conspecific with servalina by Hayman in the original description, and followed by Coetzee (1977b) and Wozencraft (1993). However, see Rosevear (1974), Crawford-Cabral (1981a), Powell and Van Rompaey (1998), and Van Rompaey and Colyn (1998) who considered it distinct. Synonyms allocated according to Gaubert et al. (2003a, b).	Crested Servaline Genet
14000414	Poiana richardsonii	Thomson 1842	SPECIES			richardsonii		Poiana	Viverridae	Carnivora	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.10 p.204		poensis (Waterhouse, 1838) [preoccupied]; ochracea Thomas and Wroughton, 1907.	Cameroon, Central African Republic, Dem. Rep. Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Republic of Congo.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		African Linsang
14000390	Genetta genetta	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			genetta		Genetta	Viverridae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.45		balearica Thomas, 1902; barbar (Wagner, 1841); communis Burnett, 1830; gallica (Oken 1816); hispanica (Oken 1816); isabelae Delibes, 1977; lusitanica Seabra, 1924; melas Graells, 1897; peninsulae Cabrera, 1905; pyrenaica E. Bourdelle and De Zillière, 1951; rhodanica Matschie, 1902; terraesanctae Neumann, 1902; vulgaris (Lesson, 1827); afra F. G. Cuvier, 1825; barbara C. E. H. Smith, 1842; bonapartei Loche, 1857; dongolana Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1832; albipes Trouessart, 1904; grantii Thomas, 1902; guardafuensis Neumann, 1902; hararensis Neumann, 1902; neumanni Matschie, 1902; tedescoi de Beaux; 1924; felina (Thunberg, 1811); bella Matschie, 1902; ludia Thomas and Schwann, 1906; macrura (Jentink, 1892); pulchra Matschie, 1902; senegalensis J. B. Fischer, 1829; leptura Reichenbach, 1836.	Algeria, Angola, Arabia, Belgium, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Egypt, Ethiopia, France, Ghana, Kenya, Liberia, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Portugal, Senegal, Spain, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe.	IUCN  Vulnerable as G. g. isabelae, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	Schlawe (1981) included afra, bonapartei, barbar, barbara, balearica, lusitanica, melas, peninsulae, pyrenaica, terraesanctae, rhodanica, and isabelae; and provisionally separated into G. felina the following: guardafuensis, hararensis, leptura, senegalensis, dongolana, granti, neumanni, bella, pulchra, and ludia, which are included here, following Crawford-Cabral (1966a, 1969; 1981a), Coetzee (1977b), Smithers (1983), and Wozencraft (1984, 1989b). Reviewed by Crawford-Cabral (1966a, 1969, 1981a), Schlawe (1981), and Larivière and Calzada (2001). Rosevear (1974) separated senegalensis from genetta. However, this was not followed by Coetzee (1977b), Kingdon (1977), Ansell (1978), Crawford-Cabral (1981a), or Wozencraft (1989b). Synonyms allocated accordi... [truncated]	Common Genet
14000391	Genetta genetta subsp. genetta	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		genetta	genetta		Genetta	Viverridae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.45						
14000392	Genetta genetta subsp. afra	F. G. Cuvier 1825	SUBSPECIES		afra	genetta		Genetta	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000393	Genetta genetta subsp. dongolana	Hemprich and Ehrenberg 1832	SUBSPECIES		dongolana	genetta		Genetta	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000394	Genetta genetta subsp. felina	Thunberg 1811	SUBSPECIES		felina	genetta		Genetta	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000395	Genetta genetta subsp. senegalensis	J. B. Fischer 1829	SUBSPECIES		senegalensis	genetta		Genetta	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000396	Genetta johnstoni	Pocock 1907 "1908"	SPECIES			johnstoni		Genetta	Viverridae	Carnivora	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1907 p.1041		lehmanni  Kuhn, 1960.	Côte dIvoire, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia.	IUCN  Data Deficient.	Reviewed by Gaubert et al. (2002a).	Johnston's Genet
14000464	Mungotictis	Pocock 1915	GENUS					Mungotictis	Eupleridae	Carnivora	Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.16 p.120	Galidictis vittatus Gray, 1848 (= Galidia decemlineata Grandidier, 1867).					
14000444	Euplerinae	Chenu 1850	SUBFAMILY						Eupleridae	Carnivora	Ency. Hist. Nat. vol.21 p.165		Cryptoproctina Gray, 1865; Cryptoproctidae Flower, 1869; Cryptoproctinae Trouessart, 1885.			Bininda-Emonds et al. (1999) and Yoder et al. (2003) considered these taxa a monophyletic group (followed here). Few have questioned that Fossa and Eupleres are more closely related to each other than to Cryptoprocta and Hunt (2001) placed Cryptoprocta in a separate taxon.	
14000466	Mungotictis decemlineata subsp. decemlineata	Grandidier 1867	SUBSPECIES		decemlineata	decemlineata		Mungotictis	Eupleridae	Carnivora	Rev. Mag. Zool. Paris, (2) vol.19 p.85						
14000397	Genetta maculata	Gray 1830	SPECIES			maculata		Genetta	Viverridae	Carnivora	Spicil. Zool. vol.2 p.9		aequatorialis Heuglin, 1866; albiventris Roberts, 1932; deorum Funaioli and Simonetta, 1960; erlangeri Matschie, 1902; fieldiana Du Chaillu, 1860; gleimi Matschie, 1902; insularis Cabrera, 1921; letabae Thomas and Schwann, 1906; matschiei Neumann, 1902; pumila Hollister, 1916; schoutedeni Crawford-Cabral, 1970; schraderi Matschie, 1902; soror Schwarz, 1929; stuhlmanni Matschie, 1902; suahelica Matschie, 1902; zambesiana Matschie, 1902; zuluensis Roberts, 1924.	Angola, Botswana, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Dem. Rep. Congo, Eritrea, Equatorial Guinea (incl. Bioko), Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Republic of Congo, Rwanda, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Traditionally recognized as G. rubiginosa Pucheran, 1855; this form is attributed to G. thierryi (see Schlawe, 1980a, 1981; Crawford-Cabral and Pacheco, 1992). Gaubert et al. (2003a, b) proposed that rubiginosa Pucheran, 1855 is a nomen oblitum. Synonyms allocated according to Roberts (1951), Crawford-Cabral and Pacheco (1992) and Gaubert et al. (2003a, b). Rosevear (1974) believed that V. maculata Gray (1830) was invalid, but see Schlawe (1980a, 1981) who defended its use. See Gaubert et al. (2003a, b) for usage of the name V. maculata Gray, 1830. Crawford-Cabral (1981a) and Ansell (1978) placed genets west of the Dahomey Gap in pardina and southern and eastern populations in rubiginosa (=maculata) (except for the extreme southern tigrina), which is followed here. G. schoutedeni Crawford-Cabral, 1970 and suahelica Matschie, 1902 shou... [truncated]	Rusty-spotted Genet
14000398	Genetta pardina	I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1832	SPECIES			pardina		Genetta	Viverridae	Carnivora	Etudes zoologiques vol.fasc. 1 p.8		amer Gray, 1843; dubia Matschie, 1902; genettoides Temminck, 1853; pantherina Hamilton-Smith, 1842.	Burkina Faso, Côte dIvoire, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Sierra Leone.		The status of genettoides is perhaps best listed as incertae sedis. It may be a hybrid population between pardina and maculata (Gaubert et al., 2003a).	Pardine Genet
14000399	Genetta piscivora	J. A. Allen 1919	SPECIES			piscivora		Genetta	Viverridae	Carnivora	J. Mammal. vol.1 p.25			N and E Dem. Rep. Congo.	IUCN  Data Deficient as Osbornictis piscivora.	Some have placed in Osbornictis (Bininda-Edmonds et al., 1999; Van Rompaey, 1988; Wozencraft, 1993). Reviewed by Van Rompaey (1988) and Gaubert (2003) and Gaubert et al. (2002b, 2004). Hunt (2001) placed Osbornictis in a subfamily separate from Genetta. Gaubert et al. (2004) demonstrated that Osbornictis and Genetta are congeneric, in agreement with Verheyen (1962) and Stains (1983).	Aquatic Genet
14000400	Genetta poensis	Waterhouse 1838	SPECIES			poensis		Genetta	Viverridae	Carnivora	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1838 p.59			Ghana, Côte dIvoire, Equatorial Guinea (Bioko), Liberia, Republic of Congo.		Considered conspecific with pardina-maculata by Schlawe (1981), Wozencraft (1993) and Grubb et al. (1998). Rosevear (1974) and Crawford-Cabral (1981a) discussed its taxonomic status. Erroneously used for designating cristata by Jeannin (1936) and Happold (1987). Gaubert et al. (2003a) proposed a specific status on the basis of coat pattern and hair ultrastructure, together with sympatric distribution with pardina and maculata.	King Genet
14000401	Genetta servalina	Pucheran 1855	SPECIES			servalina		Genetta	Viverridae	Carnivora	Rev. Mag. Zool. Paris vol.7 2 p.154		aubryana  Pucheran, 1855; archeri Van Rompaey and Colyn, 1998; bettoni Thomas, 1902; intensa Lönnberg, 1917; lowei Kingdon, 1977; schwarzi Crawford-Cabral, 1970.	Cameroon, Central African Republic, Dem. Rep. Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Kenya, Republic of Congo, Tanzania, Uganda.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes bettoni and aubryana, but not bini, which is here considered a junior synonym of cristata, following Gaubert et al. (2003a). Does not include cristata after Rosevear (1974), Crawford-Cabral (1981a), and Van Rompaey and Colyn (1998). Subspecies allocated according to Van Rompaey and Colyn (1998).	Servaline Genet
14000402	Genetta servalina subsp. servalina	Pucheran 1855	SUBSPECIES		servalina	servalina		Genetta	Viverridae	Carnivora	Rev. Mag. Zool. Paris vol.7 2 p.154						
14000403	Genetta servalina subsp. archeri	Van Rompaey and Colyn 1998	SUBSPECIES		archeri	servalina		Genetta	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000404	Genetta servalina subsp. bettoni	Thomas 1902	SUBSPECIES		bettoni	servalina		Genetta	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000405	Genetta servalina subsp. lowei	Kingdon 1977	SUBSPECIES		lowei	servalina		Genetta	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000406	Genetta servalina subsp. schwarzi	Crawford-Cabral 1970	SUBSPECIES		schwarzi	servalina		Genetta	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000407	Genetta thierryi	Matschie 1902	SPECIES			thierryi		Genetta	Viverridae	Carnivora	Verh. V. Internat. Zool. Congr. vol.1901 p.1142		rubiginosa  Pucheran, 1855; villiersi (Dekeyser, 1949).	Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Côte dIvoire, Gambia, Ghana, Mali, Nigeria, Niger, Sierra Leone, Senegal, Togo.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes Pseudogenetta villiersi (see Crawford-Cabral, 1969, 1981a; Rosevear, 1974; and Schlawe, 1981). Schlawe (1981) pointed out that the type of G. rubiginosa, which traditionally has been considered a synonym of G. maculata, is actually a senior synonym of G. thierryi. This was later verified by Crawford-Cabral and Pacheco (1992), who nevertheless continued to use "rubiginosa" to represent the Rusty-spotted Genet (=maculata). See Gaubert et al. (2003a) for use of the name G. thierryi Matschie, 1902, under the status of nomen protectum. See also comments under G. maculata.	Haussa Genet
14000485	Atilax paludinosus subsp. pluto	Temminck 1853	SUBSPECIES		pluto	paludinosus		Atilax	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000408	Genetta tigrina	Schreber 1776	SPECIES			tigrina		Genetta	Viverridae	Carnivora	Die Säugethiere vol.3 17 p.pl. 115[1776]; see also text, 3(25):425 [1777]		methi  Roberts, 1948.	South Africa.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	There is great confusion in the taxonomy of the pardina-rubiginosa (= maculata) tigrina complex. Some authors (Coetzee, 1977b; Meester et al., 1986) considered rubiginosa as conspecific with tigrina. Others believed that maculata may be conspecific with pardina (Ansell, 1978; Crawford-Cabral, 1966a; Pringle, 1977). Crawford-Cabral (1981a) later reversed his earlier opinion and considered three types to exist as separate species; (1) pardina, (2) rubiginosa (= maculata), and (3) tigrina. This was followed by Gaubert (2003) and Gaubert et al. (2003a, b). Roberts (1951) considered zambesiana, letabae, zuluensis, and albiventris as subspecies of maculata; whereas he limited tigrina to only two subspecies: tigrina and methi. Subspecies allocated according to Roberts (1951) and Crawford-Cabral and Pacheco (1992).	Cape Genet
14000409	Genetta tigrina subsp. tigrina	Schreber 1776	SUBSPECIES		tigrina	tigrina		Genetta	Viverridae	Carnivora	Die Säugethiere vol.3 17 p.pl. 115[1776]; see also text, 3(25):425 [1777]						
14000410	Genetta tigrina subsp. methi	Roberts 1948	SUBSPECIES		methi	tigrina		Genetta	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000411	Genetta victoriae	Thomas 1901	SPECIES			victoriae		Genetta	Viverridae	Carnivora	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1901 2 p.87			N and E Dem. Rep. Congo (N and E).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Giant Forest Genet
14000412	Poiana	Gray 1864 "1865"	GENUS					Poiana	Viverridae	Carnivora	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1864 p.507, 520	Genetta richardsonii Thomson, 1842, by monotypy (Melville and Smith, 1987).				There are two widely separated (approximately 1600 km) allopatric populations of Poiana: the congo population (P. richardsonii), and the West African population, which Rosevear (1974) raised to the specific level (P. leightoni). Poiana records are few and scattered; however, recent reviews place leightoni as a separate species (de Beaufort, 1965; Gaubert et al., 2002b; Kingdon, 1977; Michaelis, 1972).	
14000413	Poiana leightoni	Pocock 1907 "1908"	SPECIES			leightoni		Poiana	Viverridae	Carnivora	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1907 p.1043		liberiensis Pocock, 1908.	Côte dIvoire, Liberia.	IUCN  Data Deficient as P. richardsonii liberiensis.	Pocock (1907b:1045) mentioned that there was one specimen in the British Museum labeled "Sierra Leone", but he believed that the "locality is probably erroneous." Coetzee (1977b) considered leightoni a lapsus and replaced with liberiensis.	Leightons Linsang
14000416	Poiana richardsonii subsp. ochracea	Thomas and Wroughton 1907	SUBSPECIES		ochracea	richardsonii		Poiana	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000417	Viverra	Linnaeus 1758	GENUS					Viverra	Viverridae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.43	Viverra zibetha Linnaeus, 1758, by subsequent designation (Sclater, 1900; Melville and Smith, 1987).	Moschothera  Pocock, 1933; Vivera Gray, 1821.			Pocock (1933a) placed civettina and megaspila in Moschothera, which was not recognized by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), Wozencraft (1989b), and Corbet and Hill (1992). Does not include Civettictis; see Kingdon (1977) and Ansell (1978); but also see Coetzee (1977b).	
14000418	Viverra civettina	Blyth 1862	SPECIES			civettina		Viverra	Viverridae	Carnivora	J. Asiatic Soc. Bengal vol.31 p.332			Endemic to S India.	CITES  Appendix III (India); U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Considered a subspecies of V. megaspila by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951); however, considered at the specific level by Lindsay (1928), Pocock (1941a), and Wozencraft (1984, 1989b). Corbet and Hill (1992) raised doubts as to their separation.	Malabar Large-spotted Civet
14000419	Viverra megaspila	Blyth 1862	SPECIES			megaspila		Viverra	Viverridae	Carnivora	J. Asiatic Soc. Bengal vol.31 p.331			Burma, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia (West), Thailand, Vietnam.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Does not include V. civettina; reviewed by Lindsay (1928), Pocock (1941a), and Wozencraft (1989b). Corbet and Hill (1992) raised doubts as to their separation.	Large-spotted Civet
14000420	Viverra tangalunga	Gray 1832	SPECIES			tangalunga		Viverra	Viverridae	Carnivora	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1832 p.63		lankavensis  Robinson and Kloss, 1920.	Cambodia, Indonesia (Sumatra, Rhio-Lingga Arch., Bangka Isl, Borneo, Karimata Isl, Sulawesi, Amboina), Malaysia, Philippines, and Thailand. Introduced throughout the Moluccas.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Malayan Civet
14000421	Viverra tangalunga subsp. tangalunga	Gray 1832	SUBSPECIES		tangalunga	tangalunga		Viverra	Viverridae	Carnivora	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1832 p.63						
14000422	Viverra tangalunga subsp. lankavensis	Robinson and Kloss 1920	SUBSPECIES		lankavensis	tangalunga		Viverra	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000486	Atilax paludinosus subsp. robustus	Gray 1865	SUBSPECIES		robustus	paludinosus		Atilax	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000423	Viverra zibetha	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			zibetha		Viverra	Viverridae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.44		civettoides Hodgson, 1842; melanurus Hodgson, 1842; orientalis Hodgson, 1842; undulata Gray, 1830; ashtoni Swinhoe, 1864; expectata Corbert and Hooijer, 1953; filchneri Matschie, 1907; hainana Wang and Xu, 1983; picta Wroughton, 1915; surdaster Thomas, 1927; tainguensis Sokolov, Rozhnov and Pham Trong, 1997; pruinosus Wroughton, 1917; sigillata Robinson and Kloss, 1920.	Burma, Cambodia, China (Anhui, Shaanxi, Zhejiang and Jiangsu), India, Indonesia, Laos, Western Malaysia, Nepal, Thailand, and Vietnam.	CITES  Appendix III (India); IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	See Walston and Veron (2001) for inclusion of V. tainguensis here. Synonyms allocated according to Pocock (1933a) and Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951).	Large Indian Civet
14000424	Viverra zibetha subsp. zibetha	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		zibetha	zibetha		Viverra	Viverridae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.44						
14000425	Viverra zibetha subsp. ashtoni	Swinhoe 1864	SUBSPECIES		ashtoni	zibetha		Viverra	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000426	Viverra zibetha subsp. hainana	Wang and Xu 1983	SUBSPECIES		hainana	zibetha		Viverra	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000427	Viverra zibetha subsp. picta	Wroughton 1915	SUBSPECIES		picta	zibetha		Viverra	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000428	Viverra zibetha subsp. pruinosus	Wroughton 1917	SUBSPECIES		pruinosus	zibetha		Viverra	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000429	Viverricula	Hodgson 1838	GENUS					Viverricula	Viverridae	Carnivora	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.1 p.152	Civetta indica E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803	Viverrula  Hodgson, 1842.				
14000430	Viverricula indica	E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1803	SPECIES			indica		Viverricula	Viverridae	Carnivora	Cat. Mamm. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. p.113		rasse  (Horsfield, 1821); atchinensis Sody, 1931; baliensis (Sody, 1931); baptistae Pocock, 1933; bengalensis (Gray and Hardwicke, 1830); deserti Bonhote, 1898; klossi Pocock, 1933; mayori Pocock, 1933; muriavensis Sody, 1931; pallida (Gray, 1831); hanensis Matschie, 1907; taivana Schwarz, 1911; schlegelii Pollen, 1866; thai Kloss, 1919; wellsi Pocock, 1933.	Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia (Borneo, Sumatra, Java, Kangean Isl, Sumbawa, Bali), Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. Introduced to Yemen, Zanzibar and Pemba Isl, Socotra Isl, Madagascar, the Comoro Isls, and the Philippines; scattered distribution on many SE Asian islands due to introductions.	CITES  Appendix III (India); IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subspecies arranged according to Pocock (1933b) and Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951).	Small Indian Civet
14000431	Viverricula indica subsp. indica	E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1803	SUBSPECIES		indica	indica		Viverricula	Viverridae	Carnivora	Cat. Mamm. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. p.113						
14000432	Viverricula indica subsp. atchinensis	Sody 1931	SUBSPECIES		atchinensis	indica		Viverricula	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000433	Viverricula indica subsp. baliensis	Sody 1931	SUBSPECIES		baliensis	indica		Viverricula	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000434	Viverricula indica subsp. baptistae	Pocock 1933	SUBSPECIES		baptistae	indica		Viverricula	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000435	Viverricula indica subsp. deserti	Bonhote 1898	SUBSPECIES		deserti	indica		Viverricula	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000436	Viverricula indica subsp. klossi	Pocock 1933	SUBSPECIES		klossi	indica		Viverricula	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000437	Viverricula indica subsp. mayori	Pocock 1933	SUBSPECIES		mayori	indica		Viverricula	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000438	Viverricula indica subsp. muriavensis	Sody 1931	SUBSPECIES		muriavensis	indica		Viverricula	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000439	Viverricula indica subsp. pallida	Gray 1831	SUBSPECIES		pallida	indica		Viverricula	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000440	Viverricula indica subsp. schlegelii	Pollen 1866	SUBSPECIES		schlegelii	indica		Viverricula	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000441	Viverricula indica subsp. thai	Kloss 1919	SUBSPECIES		thai	indica		Viverricula	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000442	Viverricula indica subsp. wellsi	Pocock 1933	SUBSPECIES		wellsi	indica		Viverricula	Viverridae	Carnivora							
14000443	Eupleridae	Chenu 1850	FAMILY						Eupleridae	Carnivora	Ency. Hist. Nat. vol.21 p.165		Euplerini Simpson, 1945. Including: Cryptoproctina Gray, 1864; Galidiina Gray, 1864; Cryptoproctidae Flower, 1869, Galidiinae Gill, 1872; Galidictinae Mivart, 1882; Cryptoproctinae Trouessart, 1885; Fossinae Pocock, 1915.			The Malagasy carnivores have been problematic since their discovery. They have been placed in the Viverridae, the Herpestidae, and separated into monotypic families. Veron and Catzeflis (1993) and Yoder et al. (2003) provided the strongest evidence that all Malagasy carnivores represent a single radiation.	
14000480	Atilax paludinosus subsp. paludinosus	G.[Baron] Cuvier 1829	SUBSPECIES		paludinosus	paludinosus		Atilax	Herpestidae	Carnivora	Regn. Anim., Nouv. ed. vol.1 p.158						
14000445	Cryptoprocta	Bennett 1833	GENUS					Cryptoprocta	Eupleridae	Carnivora	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1833 p.46	Cryptoprocta ferox Bennett, 1833, by designation (Melville and Smith, 1987).				Gregory and Hellman (1939), Beaumont (1964), and Veron (1995) argued that Cryptoprocta be placed in the Felidae because of morphological similarities, but Veron (1995) showed that the dental features shared by Felidae and Cryptoprocta are the result of a convergence. Albignac (1970), Thenius (1972), Radinsky (1975), Coetzee (1977b), Flynn et al. (1988), and Wozencraft (1989a, b) placed in the Viverridae; Hemmer (1978) suggested an intermediate position. Veron and Catzeflis (1993) and Yoder et al. (2003) suggested affinities with the Galidiinae (Herpestidae) rather than with the Viverridae.	
14000446	Cryptoprocta ferox	Bennett 1833	SPECIES			ferox		Cryptoprocta	Eupleridae	Carnivora	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1833 p.46		typicus A. Smith, 1834.	Endemic to Madagascar.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Endangered.	Reviewed by Köhncke and Leonhardt (1986).	Fossa
14000447	Eupleres	Doyère 1835	GENUS					Eupleres	Eupleridae	Carnivora	Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. vol.3 p.45	Eupleres goudotii Doyère, 1835, by monotypy (Melville and Smith, 1987).				Gregory and Hellman (1939) followed Chenu and Desmarest (1852), and suggested placing Eupleres in a separate family; however, Pocock (1915a), Albignac (1973, 1974), Petter (1974), Coetzee (1977b), and Wozencraft (1989b) included it in Viverridae. See comments under family for its inclusion here.	
14000448	Eupleres goudotii	Doyère 1835	SPECIES			goudotii		Eupleres	Eupleridae	Carnivora	Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. vol.3 p.45		major  Lavauden, 1929.	Endemic to Madagascar.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Endangered as E. g. goudotii and E. g. major.		Falanouc
14000449	Eupleres goudotii subsp. goudotii	Doyère 1835	SUBSPECIES		goudotii	goudotii		Eupleres	Eupleridae	Carnivora	Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. vol.3 p.45						
14000450	Eupleres goudotii subsp. major	Lavauden 1929	SUBSPECIES		major	goudotii		Eupleres	Eupleridae	Carnivora							
14000451	Fossa	Gray 1864 "1865"	GENUS					Fossa	Eupleridae	Carnivora	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1864 p.518	Fossa d'aubentonii Gray, 1865 (= Viverra Fossana Müller, 1776).				Veron (1995) and Gaubert et al. (2002b)<sup> </sup>suggested that Fossa could be separated from Viverridae based on morphological features. Molecular data (Yoder et al., 2003) showed close affinities with Cryptoprocta.	
14000452	Fossa fossana	Müller 1776	SPECIES			fossana		Fossa	Eupleridae	Carnivora	Linné's Vollstand, Natursyst. Suppl. p.32		fossa  (Schreber, 1777); daubentonii Gray, 1865; majori Dollman, 1909.	Endemic to Madagascar.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Vulnerable.	The commonly used Viverra fossa Schreber, 1777, is a junior synonym (G. Petter, 1962, 1974).	Malagasy Civet
14000453	Galidiinae	Gray 1864 "1865"	SUBFAMILY						Eupleridae	Carnivora	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1864 p.508		Galidictinae Mivart, 1882.			Veron and Catzeflis (1993), Yoder et al. (2003), and Gaubert et al. (in press) suggested that the Galidiinae and the Cryptoproctidae are a monophyletic group.	
14000454	Galidia	I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1837	GENUS					Galidia	Eupleridae	Carnivora	C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris vol.5 p.580	Galidia elegans I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1837, by monotypy.					
14000455	Galidia elegans	I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1837	SPECIES			elegans		Galidia	Eupleridae	Carnivora	C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris vol.5 p.581		afra  (Kerr, 1792) [preoccupied]; dambrensis Tate and Rand, 1941; occidentalis Albignac, 1971.	Endemic to Madagascar.	IUCN  Vulnerable.		Ring-tailed Mongoose
14000456	Galidia elegans subsp. elegans	I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1837	SUBSPECIES		elegans	elegans		Galidia	Eupleridae	Carnivora	C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris vol.5 p.581						
14000457	Galidia elegans subsp. dambrensis	Tate and Rand 1941	SUBSPECIES		dambrensis	elegans		Galidia	Eupleridae	Carnivora							
14000458	Galidia elegans subsp. occidentalis	Albignac 1971	SUBSPECIES		occidentalis	elegans		Galidia	Eupleridae	Carnivora							
14000459	Galidictis	I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1839	GENUS					Galidictis	Eupleridae	Carnivora	Mag. Zool., Mamm Art. vol.No. 5 p.p. 33, footnote, 37	Mustela striata I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1837 (= Viverra fasciata Gmelin, 1788) by original designation.	Galictis  I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1837 [preoccupied]; Musanga Coues, 1891.			Gregory and Hellman (1939) separated Galidictis from other galidiines and placed it in the Viverridae.	
14000460	Galidictis fasciata	Gmelin 1788	SPECIES			fasciata		Galidictis	Eupleridae	Carnivora	In Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 13th ed. vol.1 p.92		eximius Pocock, 1915; striata (Desmarest, 1820); vittata Schinz, 1844; striatus G. Cuvier, 1829.	Endemic to Madagascar.	IUCN  Vulnerable.		Broad-striped Malagasy Mongoose
14000461	Galidictis fasciata subsp. fasciata	Gmelin 1788	SUBSPECIES		fasciata	fasciata		Galidictis	Eupleridae	Carnivora	In Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 13th ed. vol.1 p.92						
14000465	Mungotictis decemlineata	Grandidier 1867	SPECIES			decemlineata		Mungotictis	Eupleridae	Carnivora	Rev. Mag. Zool. Paris, (2) vol.19 p.85		rufa  Grandidier, 1869; substriatus Pocock, 1915; vittata Gray, 1848 [preoccupied]; lineatus Pocock, 1915.	Endemic to Madagascar.	IUCN  Endangered.	Synonyms after Hawkins et al. (2000).	Narrow-striped Mongoose
14000547	Galerella sanguinea subsp. melanura	Martin 1836	SUBSPECIES		melanura	sanguinea		Galerella	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000467	Mungotictis decemlineata subsp. lineatus	Pocock 1915	SUBSPECIES		lineatus	decemlineata		Mungotictis	Eupleridae	Carnivora							
14000468	Salanoia	Gray 1864 "1865"	GENUS					Salanoia	Eupleridae	Carnivora	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1864 p.523	Galidia concolor I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1837.	Hemigalidia  Mivart, 1882.				
14000469	Salanoia concolor	I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1837	SPECIES			concolor		Salanoia	Eupleridae	Carnivora	C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris vol.5 p.581		olivacea  (I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1839); unicolor (I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1837).	Endemic to Madagascar.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (1839) noted that his first listed species name, unicolor, was a typographical error and should have been concolor (Coetzee, 1977b:35).	Brown-tailed Mongoose
14000470	Nandiniidae	Pocock 1929	FAMILY						Nandiniidae	Carnivora	Ency. Brit., (ed. 14) vol.3 p.898					Listed in Nandiniinae by Gregory and Hellman (1939), and Coetzee (1977b). Hunt (1987, 1989, 1998), McKenna and Bell (1997), Hunt and Tedford (1993), Flynn and Nedbal (1998), and Veron and Heard (2000) argued that Nandinia should be placed in a monotypic family based on the plesiomorphic condition of its auditory bullae (Pohle, 1920b). This has been confirmed by molecular data (Flynn and Nedbal, 1998; Veron and Heard, 2000; Yoder et al., 2003). Bininda-Emonds et al. (1999) considered Nandinia most closely related to the Paradoxurine palm civets.	
14000471	Nandinia	Gray 1843	GENUS					Nandinia	Nandiniidae	Carnivora	List Spec. Mamm. Coll. Brit. Mus. p.54	Viverra binotata Gray, 1830, by monotypy (Melville and Smith, 1987).				See comments under family.	
14000472	Nandinia binotata	Gray 1830	SPECIES			binotata		Nandinia	Nandiniidae	Carnivora	Spicil. Zool. vol.2 p.9		hamiltonii (Gray, 1832); arborea Heller, 1913; gerrardi Thomas, 1893; intensa Cabrera and Ruxton, 1926.	Angola, Benin, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Côte dIvoire, Dem. Rep. Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, Republic of Congo, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Synonyms allocated according to G. M. Allen (1939) and Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1953).	African Palm Civet
14000473	Nandinia binotata subsp. binotata	Gray 1830	SUBSPECIES		binotata	binotata		Nandinia	Nandiniidae	Carnivora	Spicil. Zool. vol.2 p.9						
14000475	Nandinia binotata subsp. gerrardi	Thomas 1893	SUBSPECIES		gerrardi	binotata		Nandinia	Nandiniidae	Carnivora							
14000476	Nandinia binotata subsp. intensa	Cabrera and Ruxton 1926	SUBSPECIES		intensa	binotata		Nandinia	Nandiniidae	Carnivora							
14000477	Herpestidae	Bonaparte 1845	FAMILY						Herpestidae	Carnivora	Cat. Meth. Mamm. Europe p.3		Cynictidae Cope, 1882; Herpestoidei Winge, 1895; Mongotidae Pocock, 1919; Rhinogalidae Gray, 1869; Suricatidae Cope, 1882; Suricatinae Thomas, 1882.			Wozencraft (1989b) placed Crossarchus, Cynictis, Dologale, Helogale, Liberiictis, Mungos, Paracynictis, and Suricata in the Mungotinae but gave no supporting rationale. Fredga's (1972) analysis of chromosomes and the recent molecular work by Veron et al. (2004) would support Wozencraft's Mungotinae (with the inclusion of Bdeogale and Ichneumia). The phylogenetic analysis of allozyme data by Taylor et al. (1991) also supported Cynictis, Suricata, and Helogale as a monophyletic group.	
14000478	Atilax	F. G. Cuvier 1826	GENUS					Atilax	Herpestidae	Carnivora	In E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and F. G. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mammifères, pt. 3 vol.5 54 p."Vansire," 2 pp., 1 pl.	Herpestes paludinosus G. [Baron] Cuvier (1829), by original designation (Melville and Smith, 1987).	Athylax  de Blainville, 1837.			Fredga's (1972) comparative chromosome study of mongooses suggested that recognition of Atilax as distinct from Herpestes would make Herpestes paraphyletic. However, allozyme data support Atilax as the first early offshoot of the main herpestine branch (Taylor et al., 1991).	
14000479	Atilax paludinosus	G.[Baron] Cuvier 1829	SPECIES			paludinosus		Atilax	Herpestidae	Carnivora	Regn. Anim., Nouv. ed. vol.1 p.158		atilax (Wagner, 1841); paludosus Gray, 1865; urinatrix (A. Smith, 1829); vansire (F. G. Cuvier, 1842); macrodon J. A. Allen, 1924; mitis (Thomas, 1903); mordax (Thomas, 1912); nigerianus (Thomas, 1912); pluto (Temminck, 1853); robustus (Gray, 1865); rubellus (Thomas and Wroughton, 1908); rubescens (Hollister, 1912); spadiceus Cabrera, 1921; transvaalensis Roberts, 1933.	Algeria, Angola, Botswana, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Côte dIvoire, Dem. Rep. Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Liberia, Malawi, Mozambique, Niger, Ruwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Baker (1992).	Marsh Mongoose
14000487	Atilax paludinosus subsp. rubellus	Thomas and Wroughton 1908	SUBSPECIES		rubellus	paludinosus		Atilax	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000488	Atilax paludinosus subsp. rubescens	Hollister 1912	SUBSPECIES		rubescens	paludinosus		Atilax	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000489	Atilax paludinosus subsp. spadiceus	Cabrera 1921	SUBSPECIES		spadiceus	paludinosus		Atilax	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000490	Atilax paludinosus subsp. transvaalensis	Roberts 1933	SUBSPECIES		transvaalensis	paludinosus		Atilax	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000548	Galerella sanguinea subsp. mossambica	Matschie 1914	SUBSPECIES		mossambica	sanguinea		Galerella	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000491	Bdeogale	Peters 1850	GENUS					Bdeogale	Herpestidae	Carnivora	Spenersche Z. vol.25 June, 1850 p.(unpaginated)	Bdeogale crassicauda Peters, 1852; by subsequent designation by Thomas (1882) (Melville and Smith, 1987).	Beleogale  Marshall, 1873; Galeriscus Thomas, 1894.			Matschie (1895), Pocock (1916a), Coetzee (1977b), Kingdon (1977), and Meester et al. (1986) included Galeriscus Thomas (1894). Rosevear (1974) believed that no one had advanced any "reasoned argument" for combining Galeriscus with Bdeogale, and followed Schoutenden (1945) and Hill and Carter (1941) who considered them distinct; all have agreed that jacksoni and nigripes are sister taxa.	
14000492	Bdeogale crassicauda	Peters 1852	SPECIES			crassicauda		Bdeogale	Herpestidae	Carnivora	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1852 p.81		nigrescens  Sale and Taylor, 1970; omnivora Heller, 1913; puisa Peters, 1852; tenuis Thomas and Wroughton, 1908.	Kenya, Malawi, C Mozambique, Tanzania (incl. Zanzibar), S and E Zambia, NE Zimbabwe.	IUCN  Endangered as B. c. omnivora, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Sale and Taylor (1970) and Taylor (1987).	Bushy-tailed Mongoose
14000493	Bdeogale crassicauda subsp. crassicauda	Peters 1852	SUBSPECIES		crassicauda	crassicauda		Bdeogale	Herpestidae	Carnivora	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1852 p.81						
14000494	Bdeogale crassicauda subsp. nigrescens	Sale and Taylor 1970	SUBSPECIES		nigrescens	crassicauda		Bdeogale	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000495	Bdeogale crassicauda subsp. omnivora	Heller 1913	SUBSPECIES		omnivora	crassicauda		Bdeogale	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000496	Bdeogale crassicauda subsp. puisa	Peters 1852	SUBSPECIES		puisa	crassicauda		Bdeogale	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000497	Bdeogale crassicauda subsp. tenuis	Thomas and Wroughton 1908	SUBSPECIES		tenuis	crassicauda		Bdeogale	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000498	Bdeogale jacksoni	Thomas 1894	SPECIES			jacksoni		Bdeogale	Herpestidae	Carnivora	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.13 p.522			C Kenya, SE Uganda.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Rosevear (1974) placed jacksoni in Galeriscus. Kingdon (1977) considered jacksoni conspecific with nigripes; however, Rosevear (1974) and Coetzee (1977b) noted skull and skin differences.	Jackson's Mongoose
14000499	Bdeogale nigripes	Pucheran 1855	SPECIES			nigripes		Bdeogale	Herpestidae	Carnivora	Rev. Mag. Zool Paris vol.7 2 p.111			Nigeria to N Angola.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Rosevear (1974) placed nigripes in Galeriscus. Kingdon (1977) considered jacksoni conspecific with nigripes; however, Rosevear (1974) and Coetzee (1977b) noted skull and skin differences.	Black-footed Mongoose
14000500	Crossarchus	F. G. Cuvier 1825	GENUS					Crossarchus	Herpestidae	Carnivora	In E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and F. G. Cuvier, Nat. Mammifères, Hist., pt. 3 vol.5 47 p."Mangue," 3 pp., 1 pl.	Crossarchus obscurus F. G. Cuvier, 1825, by original designation (Melville and Smith, 1987).				Revised by Goldman (1984) and Colyn and Van Rompaey (1994). Placed in Mungos by Hill and Carter (1941). Van Rompaey and Colyn (1992) presented a key to the species.	
14000501	Crossarchus alexandri	Thomas and Wroughton 1907	SPECIES			alexandri		Crossarchus	Herpestidae	Carnivora	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.19 p.373		alexandri Thomas and Wroughton, 1907; minor Goldman, 1984.	Central African Republic, Dem. Rep. Congo, Republic of Congo, Uganda.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Colyn and Van Rompaeys (1994) study did not support the recognition of subspecies.	Alexanders Kusimanse
14000502	Crossarchus ansorgei	Thomas 1910	SPECIES			ansorgei		Crossarchus	Herpestidae	Carnivora	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.5 p.195		nigricolor  Colyn and Van Rompaey, 1990.	N Angola, SE Dem. Rep. Congo.	IUCN  Data Deficient as C. a. ansorgei, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).		Angolan Kusimanse
14000503	Crossarchus ansorgei subsp. ansorgei	Thomas 1910	SUBSPECIES		ansorgei	ansorgei		Crossarchus	Herpestidae	Carnivora	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.5 p.195						
14000504	Crossarchus ansorgei subsp. nigricolor	Colyn and Van Rompaey 1990	SUBSPECIES		nigricolor	ansorgei		Crossarchus	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000543	Galerella sanguinea subsp. grantii	Gray 1865	SUBSPECIES		grantii	sanguinea		Galerella	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000544	Galerella sanguinea subsp. ibeae	Wroughton 1907	SUBSPECIES		ibeae	sanguinea		Galerella	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000545	Galerella sanguinea subsp. ignitus	Roberts 1913	SUBSPECIES		ignitus	sanguinea		Galerella	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000549	Galerella sanguinea subsp. mustela	Schwarz 1935	SUBSPECIES		mustela	sanguinea		Galerella	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000550	Galerella sanguinea subsp. mutgigella	Rüppell 1835	SUBSPECIES		mutgigella	sanguinea		Galerella	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000551	Galerella sanguinea subsp. orestes	Heller 1911	SUBSPECIES		orestes	sanguinea		Galerella	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000552	Galerella sanguinea subsp. parvipes	Hollister 1916	SUBSPECIES		parvipes	sanguinea		Galerella	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000505	Crossarchus obscurus	F. G. Cuvier 1825	SPECIES			obscurus		Crossarchus	Herpestidae	Carnivora	In E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and F. G. Cuvier, Nat. Mammifères, Hist., pt. 3 vol.5 47 p."Mangue," 3 pp., 1 pl.		punctatissimus (Temminck, 1853).	Côte dIvoire, Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Ghana (west of the Dahomey Gap).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Goldman (1984) separated central (C. platycephalus) from western (C. obscurus) African populations based on phenetic differences in skull proportions. Wozencraft (1989b) argued that these populations are conspecific. Reviewed by Goldman (1987). The separation of C. platycephalus from C. obscurus has been generally supported by others (Colyn and Van Rompaey, 1994).	Common Kusimanse
14000506	Crossarchus platycephalus	Goldman 1984	SPECIES			platycephalus		Crossarchus	Herpestidae	Carnivora	Can. J. Zool vol.62 8 p.1624			Benin, Nigeria, and Cameroon (east of the Dahomey Gap).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	See comments under C. obscurus.	Flat-headed Kusimanse
14000507	Cynictis	Ogilby 1833	GENUS					Cynictis	Herpestidae	Carnivora	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1833 p.48	Cynictis steedmanni Ogilby, 1833 (= Herpestes penicillatus G. Cuvier, 1829).				McKenna and Bell (1997) included Paracynictis Pocock, 1916, without discussion.	
14000508	Cynictis penicillata	G.[Baron] Cuvier 1829	SPECIES			penicillata		Cynictis	Herpestidae	Carnivora	Regn. Anim., Nouv. ed. 2 vol.1 p.158		levaillantii (A. Smith, 1829); typicus A. Smith, 1834; steedmanni Ogilby, 1833; bechuanae Roberts, 1932; brachyura Roberts, 1924; bradfieldi Roberts, 1924; cinderella Thomas, 1927; coombsi Roberts, 1929; intensa Schwann, 1906; kalaharica Roberts, 1932; karasensis Roberts, 1938; lepturus A. Smith, 1839; ogilbyii A. Smith, 1834; pallidior Thomas and Schwann, 1904.	S Angola, Botswana, Namibia, South Africa, SW Zimbabwe.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Synonyms allocated according to Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1953) and Taylor and Meester (1993). Revised by Lundholm (1955b) and Taylor and Meester (1993).	Yellow Mongoose
14000509	Cynictis penicillata subsp. penicillata	G.[Baron] Cuvier 1829	SUBSPECIES		penicillata	penicillata		Cynictis	Herpestidae	Carnivora	Regn. Anim., Nouv. ed. 2 vol.1 p.158						
14000510	Cynictis penicillata subsp. bechuanae	Roberts 1932	SUBSPECIES		bechuanae	penicillata		Cynictis	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000511	Cynictis penicillata subsp. brachyura	Roberts 1924	SUBSPECIES		brachyura	penicillata		Cynictis	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000512	Cynictis penicillata subsp. bradfieldi	Roberts 1924	SUBSPECIES		bradfieldi	penicillata		Cynictis	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000513	Cynictis penicillata subsp. cinderella	Thomas 1927	SUBSPECIES		cinderella	penicillata		Cynictis	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000514	Cynictis penicillata subsp. coombsi	Roberts 1929	SUBSPECIES		coombsi	penicillata		Cynictis	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000515	Cynictis penicillata subsp. intensa	Schwann 1906	SUBSPECIES		intensa	penicillata		Cynictis	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000516	Cynictis penicillata subsp. kalaharica	Roberts 1932	SUBSPECIES		kalaharica	penicillata		Cynictis	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000517	Cynictis penicillata subsp. karasensis	Roberts 1938	SUBSPECIES		karasensis	penicillata		Cynictis	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000518	Cynictis penicillata subsp. lepturus	A. Smith 1839	SUBSPECIES		lepturus	penicillata		Cynictis	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000519	Cynictis penicillata subsp. ogilbyii	A. Smith 1834	SUBSPECIES		ogilbyii	penicillata		Cynictis	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000520	Cynictis penicillata subsp. pallidior	Thomas and Schwann 1904	SUBSPECIES		pallidior	penicillata		Cynictis	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000521	Dologale	Thomas 1926	GENUS					Dologale	Herpestidae	Carnivora	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.17 p.183	Crossarchus dybowskii Pousargues, 1893, by original designation.				Revised by Hayman (1936). Although originally placed in Crossarchus, most since Hayman (1936) believed this genus to be the sister group to Helogale; Allen (1924) identified some specimens of this taxon as Helogale hirtula robusta. McKenna and Bell (1997) included it in Helogale without discussion.	
14000522	Dologale dybowskii	Pousargues 1893	SPECIES			dybowskii		Dologale	Herpestidae	Carnivora	Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. vol.18 p.51		nigripes (Kershaw, 1924); robusta (J. A. Allen, 1924).	Central African Republic, NE Dem. Rep. Congo, S Sudan, W Uganda.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Pousargues (1894) later redescribed the species in detail.	Pousargues Mongoose
14000523	Galerella	Gray 1864 "1865"	GENUS					Galerella	Herpestidae	Carnivora	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1864 p.564	Herpestes ochraceus Gray, 1849 by original designation.				Revised by Lynch (1981), Watson and Dippenaar (1987), Watson (1990), and Taylor et al. (1991) who considered these taxa a monophyletic group. Crawford-Cabral (1989a:2) regarded this group as a "superspecies with several allospecies." These taxa are provisionally separated from Herpestes (sensu latu) following revisions and reviews by Rosevear (1974), Ansell (1978), Smithers (1983), and Meester et al. (1986) (see discussion under Herpestes). McKenna and Bell (1997) included in Herpestes.	
14000546	Galerella sanguinea subsp. lancasteri	Roberts 1932	SUBSPECIES		lancasteri	sanguinea		Galerella	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000524	Galerella flavescens	Bocage 1889	SPECIES			flavescens		Galerella	Herpestidae	Carnivora	J. Sci. Math. Phys. Nat. Lisboa, ser. 2 vol.3 p.179		annulatus  Lundholm, 1955; nigratus (Thomas, 1928); shortridgei (Roberts, 1932).	S Angola, C and N Namibia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Synonyms allocated after Crawford-Cabral (1989a, 1996). Included in sanguinea by Taylor (1975). The form flavescens was not mentioned in Meester et al. (1986) or Watson and Dippenaar's (1987) revision; Crawford-Cabral (1989a, 1996) considered nigratus conspecific with flavescens, the senior synonym. Watson (1990) considered these taxa in nigratus. Meester et al. (1986) listed nigratus as a synonym of G. pulverulenta. G. shortridgei and annulatus provisionally included here (see comments under G. pulverulenta).	Angolan Slender Mongoose
14000525	Galerella ochracea	J. E. Gray 1848	SPECIES			ochracea		Galerella	Herpestidae	Carnivora	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1848 p.138		bocagei  (Thomas and Wroughton, 1905); fulvidior (Thomas, 1904); perfulvidus (Thomas, 1904).	Somalia.		Recognized as distinct by Azzaroli and Simonetta (1966) and Taylor and Goldman (1993).	Somalian Slender Mongoose
14000526	Galerella ochracea subsp. ochracea	J. E. Gray 1848	SUBSPECIES		ochracea	ochracea		Galerella	Herpestidae	Carnivora	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1848 p.138						
14000527	Galerella ochracea subsp. bocagei	Thomas and Wroughton 1905	SUBSPECIES		bocagei	ochracea		Galerella	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000528	Galerella ochracea subsp. fulvidior	Thomas 1904	SUBSPECIES		fulvidior	ochracea		Galerella	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000529	Galerella ochracea subsp. perfulvidus	Thomas 1904	SUBSPECIES		perfulvidus	ochracea		Galerella	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000530	Galerella pulverulenta	Wagner 1839	SPECIES			pulverulenta		Galerella	Herpestidae	Carnivora	Gelehrte. Anz. I. K. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. München vol.9 p.426		apiculatus  (Gray, 1865); caffra (A. Smith, 1826) [preoccupied]; maritimus (Roberts, 1919); basuticus (Roberts, 1936); ruddi (Thomas, 1903).	South Africa, south of 27°S latitude (Bronner, 1990).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Cavallini (1992). Revised by Lynch (1981) and Watson and Dippenaar (1987), who removed annulata and shortridgei (provisionally listed here under G. flavescens; perhaps best considered incertae sedis) and nigrata (placed also in flavescens) from pulverulenta; although Meester et al. (1986) did not. Crawford-Cabral (1989a) included these taxa with flavescens. Lynch (1981) argued that subspecies recognition was not warranted. Synonyms allocated accoding to Cavallini (1992) and Watson and Dippenaar (1987).	Cape Gray Mongoose
14000531	Galerella pulverulenta subsp. pulverulenta	Wagner 1839	SUBSPECIES		pulverulenta	pulverulenta		Galerella	Herpestidae	Carnivora	Gelehrte. Anz. I. K. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. München vol.9 p.426						
14000532	Galerella pulverulenta subsp. basuticus	Roberts 1936	SUBSPECIES		basuticus	pulverulenta		Galerella	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000533	Galerella pulverulenta subsp. ruddi	Thomas 1903	SUBSPECIES		ruddi	pulverulenta		Galerella	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000534	Galerella sanguinea	Rüppell 1835	SPECIES			sanguinea		Galerella	Herpestidae	Carnivora	Neue Wirbelt. Fauna Abyssin. Gehörig. Säugeth. vol.1 p.27		canus  (Wroughton, 1907); cauui (A. Smith, 1836); auratus (Thomas and Wroughton, 1908); badius (A. Smith, 1838); bradfieldi (Roberts, 1932); caldatus (Thomas, 1927); erongensis (Roberts, 1946); ignitoides (Roberts, 1932); kalaharicus (Roberts, 1932); kaokoensis (Roberts, 1932); khanensis (Roberts, 1932); ngamiensis (Roberts, 1932); okavangensis (Roberts, 1932); ornatus (Peters, 1852); punctulatus (Gray, 1849); ratlamuchi (A. Smith, 1836); upingtoni (Shortridge, 1934); venatica (Gray, 1865); zombae (Wroughton, 1907); dasilvai (Roberts, 1938); dentifer (Heller, 1913); fulvidior Thomas, 1904; galbus (Wroughton, 1909); gracilis (Rüppell, 1835); galinieri (Gúerinr, 1847); iodoprymnus (Heuglin, 1861); lefebvrii (Prevost and Desmurs, 1850); nigricaudatus (I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1839); ochromelas (Pucheran, 1855); ruficauda (Heuglin, 1877); grantii (Gray, 1865); ibeae (Wroughton, 1907); elegans (Matschie, 1914); marae (Matschie, 1914); ignitus (Roberts, 1913); lancasteri (Roberts, 1932); melanura (Martin, 1836); mossambica (Matschie, 1914); mustela Schwarz, 1935; mutgigella (Rüppell, 1835); fuscus (Rüppell, 1835); mutscheltschela (Heuglin, 1877); orestes (Heller, 1911); parvipes (Hollister, 1916); perfulvidus (Thomas, 1904); phoenicurus (Thomas, 1912); proteus (Thomas, 1907); rendilis (Lönnberg, 1912); saharae (Thomas, 1925); swalius (Thomas, 1926); swinnyi (Roberts, 1913); ugandae (Wroughton, 1909).	Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Cape Verde Isls, Central African Republic, Côte dIvoire, Dem. Rep. Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mauritana, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Republic of Congo, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	This engimatic group, reviewed by Taylor (1975) and Watson (1990), is represented by several allopatric populations (a situation similar to the Genetta genetta complex where they are recognized as conspecific). Watson and Dippenaar (1987), in their revision, argued for the separation of nigratus (placed here in flavescens), and swalius (considered here as conspecific), and considered swinnyi Roberts (1913), as incertae sedis (included here), although their study did not include representative samples from NE and W Africa. It is believed that swinnyi has been extirpated from the type locality (Watson, in litt.). Taylor (1989) suggested that the allopatric ochraceus from Somalia warrants full specific status (followed here). Certainly, these studies suggest that a thorough revision, inclusive of all of the African forms of sanguinea is badly needed. Taylor and Goldman (1993) present convincing evidence to suggest that swal... [truncated]	Slender Mongoose
14000535	Galerella sanguinea subsp. sanguinea	Rüppell 1835	SUBSPECIES		sanguinea	sanguinea		Galerella	Herpestidae	Carnivora	Neue Wirbelt. Fauna Abyssin. Gehörig. Säugeth. vol.1 p.27						
14000536	Galerella sanguinea subsp. canus	Wroughton 1907	SUBSPECIES		canus	sanguinea		Galerella	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000537	Galerella sanguinea subsp. cauui	A. Smith 1836	SUBSPECIES		cauui	sanguinea		Galerella	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000538	Galerella sanguinea subsp. dasilvai	Roberts 1938	SUBSPECIES		dasilvai	sanguinea		Galerella	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000539	Galerella sanguinea subsp. dentifer	Heller 1913	SUBSPECIES		dentifer	sanguinea		Galerella	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000540	Galerella sanguinea subsp. fulvidior	Thomas 1904	SUBSPECIES		fulvidior	sanguinea		Galerella	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000541	Galerella sanguinea subsp. galbus	Wroughton 1909	SUBSPECIES		galbus	sanguinea		Galerella	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000542	Galerella sanguinea subsp. gracilis	Rüppell 1835	SUBSPECIES		gracilis	sanguinea		Galerella	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000553	Galerella sanguinea subsp. perfulvidus	Thomas 1904	SUBSPECIES		perfulvidus	sanguinea		Galerella	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000554	Galerella sanguinea subsp. phoenicurus	Thomas 1912	SUBSPECIES		phoenicurus	sanguinea		Galerella	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000555	Galerella sanguinea subsp. proteus	Thomas 1907	SUBSPECIES		proteus	sanguinea		Galerella	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000556	Galerella sanguinea subsp. rendilis	Lönnberg 1912	SUBSPECIES		rendilis	sanguinea		Galerella	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000557	Galerella sanguinea subsp. saharae	Thomas 1925	SUBSPECIES		saharae	sanguinea		Galerella	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000558	Galerella sanguinea subsp. swalius	Thomas 1926	SUBSPECIES		swalius	sanguinea		Galerella	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000559	Galerella sanguinea subsp. swinnyi	Roberts 1913	SUBSPECIES		swinnyi	sanguinea		Galerella	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000560	Galerella sanguinea subsp. ugandae	Wroughton 1909	SUBSPECIES		ugandae	sanguinea		Galerella	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000561	Helogale	Gray 1861 "1862"	GENUS					Helogale	Herpestidae	Carnivora	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1861 p.308	Herpestes parvulus Sundevall, 1847 by subsequent designation by Thomas (1882) (Melville and Smith, 1987).				The number of taxa ascribed to this genus is provisional. Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1953) recognized seven species, Allen (1939) listed eleven. The acceptance here of two follows Coetzee (1977b). The range of H. hirtula is included within that of H. parvula. McKenna and Bell (1997) included Dologale without discussion.	
14000562	Helogale hirtula	Thomas 1904	SPECIES			hirtula		Helogale	Herpestidae	Carnivora	Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.14 p.97		ahlselli  Lönnberg, 1912; annulata Drake-Brockman, 1912; lutescens Thomas, 1911; powelli Drake-Brockman, 1912.	S Ethiopia, N and C Kenya; S and C Somalia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Synonyms allocated according to G. M. Allen (1939).	Ethiopian Dwarf Mongoose
14000563	Helogale hirtula subsp. hirtula	Thomas 1904	SUBSPECIES		hirtula	hirtula		Helogale	Herpestidae	Carnivora	Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.14 p.97						
14000564	Helogale hirtula subsp. ahlselli	Lönnberg 1912	SUBSPECIES		ahlselli	hirtula		Helogale	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000565	Helogale hirtula subsp. annulata	Drake-Brockman 1912	SUBSPECIES		annulata	hirtula		Helogale	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000566	Helogale hirtula subsp. lutescens	Thomas 1911	SUBSPECIES		lutescens	hirtula		Helogale	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000567	Helogale hirtula subsp. powelli	Drake-Brockman 1912	SUBSPECIES		powelli	hirtula		Helogale	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000568	Helogale parvula	Sundevall 1846 "1847"	SPECIES			parvula		Helogale	Herpestidae	Carnivora	Ofv. K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Forhandl vol.3 4 p.121 [Stockholm, 1846]		brunnula  Thomas and Schwann, 1906; ivori Thomas, 1919; mimetra Thomas, 1926, brunetta Thomas, 1926; nero Thomas, 1928; bradfieldi Roberts, 1928; ruficeps Kershaw, 1922; undulatus (Peters, 1852); varia Thomas, 1902.	Angola, Botswana, Dem. Rep. Congo, Ethiopia, Gambia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Synonyms allocated according to Ellerman et al. (1953).	Common Dwarf Mongoose
14000569	Helogale parvula subsp. parvula	Sundevall 1846 "1847"	SUBSPECIES		parvula	parvula		Helogale	Herpestidae	Carnivora	Ofv. K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Forhandl vol.3 4 p.121 [Stockholm, 1846]						
14000570	Helogale parvula subsp. ivori	Thomas 1919	SUBSPECIES		ivori	parvula		Helogale	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000571	Helogale parvula subsp. mimetra	Thomas 1926	SUBSPECIES		mimetra	parvula		Helogale	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000572	Helogale parvula subsp. nero	Thomas 1928	SUBSPECIES		nero	parvula		Helogale	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000573	Helogale parvula subsp. ruficeps	Kershaw 1922	SUBSPECIES		ruficeps	parvula		Helogale	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000574	Helogale parvula subsp. undulatus	Peters 1852	SUBSPECIES		undulatus	parvula		Helogale	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000575	Helogale parvula subsp. varia	Thomas 1902	SUBSPECIES		varia	parvula		Helogale	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000589	Herpestes edwardsi subsp. nyula	Hodgson 1836	SUBSPECIES		nyula	edwardsi		Herpestes	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000631	Herpestes urva subsp. annamensis	Bechthold 1936	SUBSPECIES		annamensis	urva		Herpestes	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000632	Herpestes urva subsp. formosanus	Bechthold 1936	SUBSPECIES		formosanus	urva		Herpestes	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000576	Herpestes	Illiger 1811	GENUS					Herpestes	Herpestidae	Carnivora	Prodr. Syst. Mamm. Avium. p.135	Viverra ichneumon Linnaeus, 1758, by absolute tautonomy, through the replaced name Ichneumon Lacépède, 1799 (Melville and Smith, 1987).	Calogale  Gray, 1865; Calictis Gray, 1865; Herpertes Illiger, 1811; Ichneumon Frisch, 1775; Mangusta Horsfield, 1822; Mesobema Hodgson, 1841; Onychogale Gray, 1865; Taeniogale Gray, 1865; Urva Hodgson, 1837; Xenogale Allen, 1919.			Revised by Pocock (1919, 1937, 1941a), Bechthold (1939), and Taylor and Matheson (1999). Coetzee (1977b) and Hayman (in Sanderson, 1940) included Xenogale (see discussion under naso). Allen (1924) included only ichneumon in this genus and separated sanguinea and pulverulenta into Galerella; for support, he contrasted the large ichneumon with the smaller sanguine-pulverulenta complex and reported proportion differences in measurements of skeleton and skull. His rationale has been repeated, in some cases verbatum, by Rosevear (1974), Ansell (1978), Smithers (1983), Meester et al. (1986), and Watson and Dippenaar (1987). Taylor et al. (1991) presented an allozyme analysis and argued for generic recognition, however, they did not include Asiatic Herpestes, and their consensus tree made the placement of the sanguinea/pulverulenta clade equivocal. Fredga's (1972) comparative chromosome analysis looked ... [truncated]	
14000618	Herpestes javanicus subsp. rubrifrons	J. A. Allen 1909	SUBSPECIES		rubrifrons	javanicus		Herpestes	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000619	Herpestes javanicus subsp. siamensis	Kloss 1917	SUBSPECIES		siamensis	javanicus		Herpestes	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000620	Herpestes javanicus subsp. tjerapai	Sody 1949	SUBSPECIES		tjerapai	javanicus		Herpestes	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000666	Mungos mungo subsp. zebroides	Lönnberg 1908	SUBSPECIES		zebroides	mungo		Mungos	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000577	Herpestes brachyurus	Gray 1836 "1837"	SPECIES			brachyurus		Herpestes	Herpestidae	Carnivora	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1836 p.88		hosei  Jentink, 1903; dyacorum Thomas, 1921; rajah Thomas, 1921; javanensis Bechthold, 1936; palawanus Allen, 1910; parvus Jentink, 1895; sumatrius Thomas, 1921.	Indonesia (Kalimantan, Sumatra), Malaysia, Philippine Isls, Singapore, Vietnam.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Bechthold (1939) included hosei (followed here) and fuscus (here considered separate), and listed characteristics suggesting that in some respects, semitorquatus was intermediate between brachyurus and urva; this was followed by Medway (1977). Bechthold (1939) believed that fuscus (sensu stricto) is most closely related to far-eastern brachyurus forms and considered them conspecific (both forms are short tailed mongooses); however, he gave features of the skull and pelage (used elsewhere at the specific level, i.e., edwardsii vs. javanicus) that distinguished the S India/Sri Lankan populations from those of SE Asia. Here they are provisionally treated as separate. Schwarz (1947) believed semitorquatus to be a red color morph of the dark brachyurus, although he did not address the most distinguishing feature of the collared mongoose  the collar  present in semitorquatus and absent in brachyur... [truncated]	Short-tailed Mongoose
14000578	Herpestes brachyurus subsp. brachyurus	Gray 1836 "1837"	SUBSPECIES		brachyurus	brachyurus		Herpestes	Herpestidae	Carnivora	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1836 p.88						
14000579	Herpestes brachyurus subsp. hosei	Jentink 1903	SUBSPECIES		hosei	brachyurus		Herpestes	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000580	Herpestes brachyurus subsp. javanensis	Bechthold 1936	SUBSPECIES		javanensis	brachyurus		Herpestes	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000581	Herpestes brachyurus subsp. palawanus	Allen 1910	SUBSPECIES		palawanus	brachyurus		Herpestes	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000582	Herpestes brachyurus subsp. parvus	Jentink 1895	SUBSPECIES		parvus	brachyurus		Herpestes	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000583	Herpestes brachyurus subsp. sumatrius	Thomas 1921	SUBSPECIES		sumatrius	brachyurus		Herpestes	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000584	Herpestes edwardsi	E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1818	SPECIES			edwardsi		Herpestes	Herpestidae	Carnivora	Descrip. de L'Egypte vol.2 p.139		carnaticus Wroughton, 1921; ellioti (Wroughton, 1915); fimbriatus Temminck, 1853; frederici Desmarest, 1823; griseus (I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1818); malaccensis (J. B. Fischer, 1829); moerens (Wroughton, 1915); pallidus Wagner, 1841; pondiceriana Gervais, 1841; ferrugineus Blanford, 1874; andersoni Murray, 1884; pallens (Ryley, 1914); lanka (Wroughton, 1915); mungo (Blanford, 1888) [preoccupied]; montanus Bechthold, 1936; nyula (Hodgson, 1836).	Afghanistan, Bahrain, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Kuwait, Nepal, Pakistan, Saudia Arabia, Sri Lanka. Populations believed to be introductions in Malaysia, Ryukyu Isls, Mauritius (Corbet and Hill, 1980; Wells, 1989).	CITES  Appendix III (India); IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Indian Gray Mongoose
14000585	Herpestes edwardsi subsp. edwardsi	E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1818	SUBSPECIES		edwardsi	edwardsi		Herpestes	Herpestidae	Carnivora	Descrip. de L'Egypte vol.2 p.139						
14000586	Herpestes edwardsi subsp. ferrugineus	Blanford 1874	SUBSPECIES		ferrugineus	edwardsi		Herpestes	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000587	Herpestes edwardsi subsp. lanka	Wroughton 1915	SUBSPECIES		lanka	edwardsi		Herpestes	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000588	Herpestes edwardsi subsp. montanus	Bechthold 1936	SUBSPECIES		montanus	edwardsi		Herpestes	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000590	Herpestes fuscus	Waterhouse 1838	SPECIES			fuscus		Herpestes	Herpestidae	Carnivora	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1838 p.55		flavidens  Kelaart, 1850; ceylanicus Nevill, 1887; ceylonicus Thomas, 1924; fulvescens Kelaart, 1851; phillipsi Thomas, 1924; maccarthiae (Gray, 1851); rubidior Pocock, 1937; siccatus Thomas, 1924.	SW India, Sri Landa.	CITES  Appendix III (India) as H. brachyurus fuscus; IUCN  Vulnerable as H. f. fuscus.	Some have placed fuscus in brachyurus (Bechthold, 1936; Wenzel and Haltenorth, 1972). Fredga (1972) and Corbet and Hill (1992) argued that it should remain separate. Corbet and Hill (1992) recognized only four subspecies (fuscus, phillipsi, siccatus, rubidior).	Indian Brown Mongoose
14000591	Herpestes fuscus subsp. fuscus	Waterhouse 1838	SUBSPECIES		fuscus	fuscus		Herpestes	Herpestidae	Carnivora	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1838 p.55						
14000592	Herpestes fuscus subsp. flavidens	Kelaart 1850	SUBSPECIES		flavidens	fuscus		Herpestes	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000593	Herpestes fuscus subsp. maccarthiae	Gray 1851	SUBSPECIES		maccarthiae	fuscus		Herpestes	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000594	Herpestes fuscus subsp. rubidior	Pocock 1937	SUBSPECIES		rubidior	fuscus		Herpestes	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000595	Herpestes fuscus subsp. siccatus	Thomas 1924	SUBSPECIES		siccatus	fuscus		Herpestes	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000665	Mungos mungo subsp. zebra	Rüppell 1835	SUBSPECIES		zebra	mungo		Mungos	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000596	Herpestes ichneumon	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			ichneumon		Herpestes	Herpestidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.43		aegyptiae (Tiedemann, 1808); egypti (Tiedemann, 1808); major (E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1818); pharaon (Lacépède, 1799); angolensis Bocage, 1890; cafra (Gmelin, 1788); bennettii Gray, 1837; dorsalis Gray, 1865; griseus Smuts, 1832; madagascarensis A. Smith, 1834; nems (Kerr, 1792); centralis (Lönnberg, 1917); funestus (Osgood, 1910); mababiensis Roberts, 1932; numidicus (F. G. Cuvier, 1834); numidianus Gray, 1865; parvidens (Lönnberg, 1908); sabiensis Roberts, 1926; sangronizi Cabrera, 1924; widdringtonii Gray, 1842; dorsalis Seabra, 1909; ferruginea Seabra, 1909; grisea Seabra, 1909.	Algeria, Angola, Botswana, Cameroon, Chad, Côte dIvoire, Dem. Rep. Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Gibraltar, Guinea, Israel, Jordan, Kenya, Lebanon, Liberia, Lybia, Malawi, Morocco, Mozambique, Niger, Portugal, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Spain, Sudan, Syria, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Zambia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Egyptian Mongoose
14000597	Herpestes ichneumon subsp. ichneumon	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		ichneumon	ichneumon		Herpestes	Herpestidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.43						
14000598	Herpestes ichneumon subsp. angolensis	Bocage 1890	SUBSPECIES		angolensis	ichneumon		Herpestes	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000599	Herpestes ichneumon subsp. cafra	Gmelin 1788	SUBSPECIES		cafra	ichneumon		Herpestes	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000600	Herpestes ichneumon subsp. centralis	Lönnberg 1917	SUBSPECIES		centralis	ichneumon		Herpestes	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000601	Herpestes ichneumon subsp. funestus	Osgood 1910	SUBSPECIES		funestus	ichneumon		Herpestes	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000602	Herpestes ichneumon subsp. mababiensis	Roberts 1932	SUBSPECIES		mababiensis	ichneumon		Herpestes	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000603	Herpestes ichneumon subsp. numidicus	F. G. Cuvier 1834	SUBSPECIES		numidicus	ichneumon		Herpestes	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000604	Herpestes ichneumon subsp. parvidens	Lönnberg 1908	SUBSPECIES		parvidens	ichneumon		Herpestes	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000605	Herpestes ichneumon subsp. sabiensis	Roberts 1926	SUBSPECIES		sabiensis	ichneumon		Herpestes	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000606	Herpestes ichneumon subsp. sangronizi	Cabrera 1924	SUBSPECIES		sangronizi	ichneumon		Herpestes	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000607	Herpestes ichneumon subsp. widdringtonii	Gray 1842	SUBSPECIES		widdringtonii	ichneumon		Herpestes	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000675	Rhynchogale melleri subsp. melleri	Gray 1864 "1865"	SUBSPECIES		melleri	melleri		Rhynchogale	Herpestidae	Carnivora	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1864 p.575						
14000676	Rhynchogale melleri subsp. langi	Roberts 1938	SUBSPECIES		langi	melleri		Rhynchogale	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000629	Herpestes urva	Hodgson 1836	SPECIES			urva		Herpestes	Herpestidae	Carnivora	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.5 p.238		cancrivora  (Hodgson, 1837); hanensis (Matschie, 1907); annamensis Bechthold, 1936; formosanus Bechthold, 1936; sinensis Bechthold, 1936.	Burma, China, India, Laos, Malaysia (Wells and Francis, 1988), Nepal, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam.	CITES  Appendix III (India); IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Synonyms allocated after Bechthold (1939).	Crab-eating Mongoose
14000630	Herpestes urva subsp. urva	Hodgson 1836	SUBSPECIES		urva	urva		Herpestes	Herpestidae	Carnivora	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.5 p.238						
14000608	Herpestes javanicus	E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1818	SPECIES			javanicus		Herpestes	Herpestidae	Carnivora	Descrip. de L'Egypte vol.2 p.138		auropunctatus  (Hodgson, 1836); birmanicus Thomas, 1886; nepalensis Gray, 1837; exilis Gervais, 1841; rutilus Gray, 1861; orientalis (Sody, 1936); pallipes (Blyth, 1845); helvus (Ryley, 1914); persicus Gray, 1865; palustris Ghose, 1965; peninsulae (Schwarz, 1910); incertus (Kloss, 1917); perakensis (Kloss, 1917); rafflesii Anderson, 1875; rubrifrons J. A. Allen, 1909; siamensis (Kloss, 1917); tjerapai Sody, 1949.	Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Thailand, and Vietnam. Introduced to: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Fiji Isls, Jamacia, Japan, Puerto Rico, Surinam, West Indies, USA (Hawaiian Isls), and many other tropical regions.	CITES  Appendix III (India) as H. javanicus auropunctatus; IUCN  Endangered as H. palustris, Lower Risk (lc) as H. javanicus.	Bechthold (1939), Pocock (1941a), and Lekagul and McNeeley (1977) included auropunctatus. Wells (1989) discussed the situation for the morphotypes in Indochina. Nellis (1989) considered auropunctatus as a separate species. Taylor and Matheson's (1999) skull morphometic study showed that the oriental subspecies can be distinguished from the northern and western subspecies based on a phenetic analysis of skull measurements. Ghose (1965) separated palustris from javanicus. Wenzel and Haltenorth (1972) and Corbet and Hill (1992) considered palustris, auropunctatus, and javanicus as conspecific, which is followed here.	Small Asian Mongoose
14000609	Herpestes javanicus subsp. javanicus	E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1818	SUBSPECIES		javanicus	javanicus		Herpestes	Herpestidae	Carnivora	Descrip. de L'Egypte vol.2 p.138						
14000610	Herpestes javanicus subsp. auropunctatus	Hodgson 1836	SUBSPECIES		auropunctatus	javanicus		Herpestes	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000611	Herpestes javanicus subsp. exilis	Gervais 1841	SUBSPECIES		exilis	javanicus		Herpestes	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000612	Herpestes javanicus subsp. orientalis	Sody 1936	SUBSPECIES		orientalis	javanicus		Herpestes	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000613	Herpestes javanicus subsp. pallipes	Blyth 1845	SUBSPECIES		pallipes	javanicus		Herpestes	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000614	Herpestes javanicus subsp. palustris	Ghose 1965	SUBSPECIES		palustris	javanicus		Herpestes	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000615	Herpestes javanicus subsp. peninsulae	Schwarz 1910	SUBSPECIES		peninsulae	javanicus		Herpestes	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000616	Herpestes javanicus subsp. perakensis	Kloss 1917	SUBSPECIES		perakensis	javanicus		Herpestes	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000617	Herpestes javanicus subsp. rafflesii	Anderson 1875	SUBSPECIES		rafflesii	javanicus		Herpestes	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000621	Herpestes naso	de Winton 1901	SPECIES			naso		Herpestes	Herpestidae	Carnivora	Bull. Liverpool Mus. vol.3 p.35		almodovari Cabrera, 1902; microdon (J. A. Allen, 1919); nigerianus Thomas, 1912.	Cameroon, Dem. Rep. Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Kenya, Niger, Republic of Congo, Tanzania.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Placed in Xenogale by Allen (1919b), and followed by Rosevear (1974), Ansell (1978) and Colyn and Van Rompaey (1994). This taxon, and ichneumon, which is generally recognized as its sister taxon (Allen, 1919b; Hayman, in Sanderson, 1940; Rosevear, 1974), can be distinguished principally by proportional differences of the interorbital region (Rosevear, 1974). Allen (1919b), Hayman (in Sanderson, 1940), Wenzel and Haltenorth (1972), Rosevear (1974), and Coetzee (1977b) did not feel these differences were sufficient to warrant generic distinction. Recognition of Xenogale would make Herpestes paraphyletic. Reviewed by Orts (1970) and Colyn and van Rompaey (1994) who provide an excellent summary of the taxonomic discussion and who could find no subspecies differentiation.	Long-nosed Mongoose
14000622	Herpestes semitorquatus	Gray 1846	SPECIES			semitorquatus		Herpestes	Herpestidae	Carnivora	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.18 p.211		uniformis  Robinson and Kloss, 1919.	Indonesia (Borneo and Sumatra).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Schwarz (1947) concluded that semitorquatus was a red color morph of the dark brachyurus, however, see comments under brachyurus.	Collared Mongoose
14000623	Herpestes semitorquatus subsp. semitorquatus	Gray 1846	SUBSPECIES		semitorquatus	semitorquatus		Herpestes	Herpestidae	Carnivora	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.18 p.211						
14000624	Herpestes semitorquatus subsp. uniformis	Robinson and Kloss 1919	SUBSPECIES		uniformis	semitorquatus		Herpestes	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000625	Herpestes smithii	Gray 1837	SPECIES			smithii		Herpestes	Herpestidae	Carnivora	Mag. Nat. Hist. [Charlesworth's] vol.1 p.578		ellioti  Blyth, 1851; torquatus Kelaart, 1852; thysanurus Wagner, 1839; canens Thomas, 1921; jerdonii Gray, 1865; monticolus Jerdon, 1867; rusanus Thomas, 1921; zeylanius Thomas, 1921.	India, Sri Lanka.	CITES  Appendix III (India); IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Ruddy Mongoose
14000626	Herpestes smithii subsp. smithii	Gray 1837	SUBSPECIES		smithii	smithii		Herpestes	Herpestidae	Carnivora	Mag. Nat. Hist. [Charlesworth's] vol.1 p.578						
14000627	Herpestes smithii subsp. thysanurus	Wagner 1839	SUBSPECIES		thysanurus	smithii		Herpestes	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000628	Herpestes smithii subsp. zeylanius	Thomas 1921	SUBSPECIES		zeylanius	smithii		Herpestes	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000726	Canis latrans subsp. impavidus	J. A. Allen 1903	SUBSPECIES		impavidus	latrans		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000633	Herpestes urva subsp. sinensis	Bechthold 1936	SUBSPECIES		sinensis	urva		Herpestes	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000634	Herpestes vitticollis	Bennett 1835	SPECIES			vitticollis		Herpestes	Herpestidae	Carnivora	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1835 p.67		rubiginosus  (Wagner, 1841); inornatus Pocock, 1941.	S India, Sri Lanka.	CITES  Appendix III (India); IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Stripe-necked Mongoose
14000635	Herpestes vitticollis subsp. vitticollis	Bennett 1835	SUBSPECIES		vitticollis	vitticollis		Herpestes	Herpestidae	Carnivora	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1835 p.67						
14000636	Herpestes vitticollis subsp. inornatus	Pocock 1941	SUBSPECIES		inornatus	vitticollis		Herpestes	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000637	Ichneumia	I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1837	GENUS					Ichneumia	Herpestidae	Carnivora	Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. (Paris) vol.8 2 p.251	Herpestes albicaudus G. [Baron] Cuvier, 1829, by designation of Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (1839) (Melville and Smith, 1987).	Lasiopus  I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1835.				
14000638	Ichneumia albicauda	G.[Baron] Cuvier 1829	SPECIES			albicauda		Ichneumia	Herpestidae	Carnivora	Regn. Anim., Nouv., ed. 2 vol.1 p.158		abuwudan Fitzinger and Heuglin, 1866; albescens I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1839; leucurus (Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1832); dialeucos (Hollister, 1916); grandis (Thomas, 1890); haagneri Roberts, 1924; ibeanus (Thomas, 1904); ferox (Heller, 1913); loandae (Thomas, 1904); loempo (Temminck, 1853); nigricauda Pucheran, 1855.	Angola, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Central African Republic, Côte dIvoire, Dem. Rep. Congo, Ghana, Kenya, Kenya, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Taylor (1972).	White-tailed Mongoose
14000639	Ichneumia albicauda subsp. albicauda	G.[Baron] Cuvier 1829	SUBSPECIES		albicauda	albicauda		Ichneumia	Herpestidae	Carnivora	Regn. Anim., Nouv., ed. 2 vol.1 p.158						
14000640	Ichneumia albicauda subsp. dialeucos	Hollister 1916	SUBSPECIES		dialeucos	albicauda		Ichneumia	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000641	Ichneumia albicauda subsp. grandis	Thomas 1890	SUBSPECIES		grandis	albicauda		Ichneumia	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000642	Ichneumia albicauda subsp. haagneri	Roberts 1924	SUBSPECIES		haagneri	albicauda		Ichneumia	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000643	Ichneumia albicauda subsp. ibeanus	Thomas 1904	SUBSPECIES		ibeanus	albicauda		Ichneumia	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000644	Ichneumia albicauda subsp. loandae	Thomas 1904	SUBSPECIES		loandae	albicauda		Ichneumia	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000645	Ichneumia albicauda subsp. loempo	Temminck 1853	SUBSPECIES		loempo	albicauda		Ichneumia	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000646	Liberiictis	Hayman 1958	GENUS					Liberiictis	Herpestidae	Carnivora	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 13 vol.1 p.449	Liberiictis kuhni Hayman, 1958, by original designation.					
14000647	Liberiictis kuhni	Hayman 1958	SPECIES			kuhni		Liberiictis	Herpestidae	Carnivora	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 13 vol.1 p.449			Liberia, Côte dIvoire.	IUCN  Endangered.	Reviewed by Goldman and Taylor (1990).	Liberian Mongoose
14000648	Mungos	E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and F. G. Cuvier 1795	GENUS					Mungos	Herpestidae	Carnivora	Mag. Encyclop. vol.2 p.184, 187	Not given; Viverra mungo Gmelin, 1788, designated by Muirhead (1819) (Melville and Smith, 1987). McKenna and Bell (1997) argued that Herpestes fasciatus (Desmarest, 1823) should be considered as the type.	Ariela  Gray, 1864.			Allen (1919b) discussed the nomenclatural history of this name.	
14000649	Mungos gambianus	Ogilby 1835	SPECIES			gambianus		Mungos	Herpestidae	Carnivora	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1835 p.102			Côte dIvoire, Gambia, Ghana, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo.	IUCN  Data Deficient.		Gambian Mongoose
14000677	Suricata	Desmarest 1804	GENUS					Suricata	Herpestidae	Carnivora	Tabl. Méth. Hist. Nat., in, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat. vol.24 p.15	Suricata capensis Desmarest, 1804 (= Viverra suricatta Schreber, 1776), by monotypy (Melville and Smith, 1987).	Rhyzaena  Wagner, 1841; Rysaena Lesson, 1827; Ryzaena Illiger, 1811; Surricata Gray, 1821.				
14000678	Suricata suricatta	Schreber 1776	SPECIES			suricatta		Suricata	Herpestidae	Carnivora	Die Säugethiere p.pl. 117 [1776]		capensis Desmarest, 1804; hahni Thomas, 1927; hamiltoni Thomas and Schwann, 1905; lophurus Thomas and Schwann, 1905; namaquensis Thomas and Schwann, 1905; suraktta (A. Smith, 1826); tetradactyla (Pallas, 1777); typicus (A. Smith, 1834); viverrina Desmarest, 1819; zenik (Scopoli, 1786); iona Cabral, 1971; marjoriae Bradfield, 1936.	Angola, S Botswana, Namibia, South Africa.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by van Staaden (1994). Synonyms allocated according to Coetzee (1977b) and van Staaden (1994).	Meerkat
14000679	Suricata suricatta subsp. suricatta	Schreber 1776	SUBSPECIES		suricatta	suricatta		Suricata	Herpestidae	Carnivora	Die Säugethiere p.pl. 117 [1776]						
14000680	Suricata suricatta subsp. iona	Cabral 1971	SUBSPECIES		iona	suricatta		Suricata	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000650	Mungos mungo	Gmelin 1788	SPECIES			mungo		Mungos	Herpestidae	Carnivora	In Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 13th ed. vol.1 p.84		fasciatus (Desmarest, 1823); taenionotus (A. Smith, 1834); adailensis (Heuglin, 1861); gothneh (Heuglin and Fitzinger, 1866); leucostethicus (Heuglin and Fitzinger, 1866); bororensis Roberts, 1929; caurinus Thomas, 1926; colonus (Heller, 1911); grisonax Thomas, 1926; mandjarum (Schwarz, 1915); marcrurus (Thomas, 1907); macrosus (Lydekker, 1908); ngamiensis Roberts, 1932; pallidipes Roberts, 1929; rossi Roberts, 1929; senescens (Thomas and Wroughton, 1907); somalicus (Thomas, 1895); talboti (Thomas and Wroughton, 1907); zebra (Rüppell, 1835); zebroides (Lönnberg, 1908).	Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Dem. Rep. Congo, Ethiopia, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Banded Mongoose
14000651	Mungos mungo subsp. mungo	Gmelin 1788	SUBSPECIES		mungo	mungo		Mungos	Herpestidae	Carnivora	In Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 13th ed. vol.1 p.84						
14000652	Mungos mungo subsp. adailensis	Heuglin 1861	SUBSPECIES		adailensis	mungo		Mungos	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000653	Mungos mungo subsp. bororensis	Roberts 1929	SUBSPECIES		bororensis	mungo		Mungos	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000654	Mungos mungo subsp. caurinus	Thomas 1926	SUBSPECIES		caurinus	mungo		Mungos	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000655	Mungos mungo subsp. colonus	Heller 1911	SUBSPECIES		colonus	mungo		Mungos	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000656	Mungos mungo subsp. grisonax	Thomas 1926	SUBSPECIES		grisonax	mungo		Mungos	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000657	Mungos mungo subsp. mandjarum	Schwarz 1915	SUBSPECIES		mandjarum	mungo		Mungos	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000658	Mungos mungo subsp. marcrurus	Thomas 1907	SUBSPECIES		marcrurus	mungo		Mungos	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000659	Mungos mungo subsp. ngamiensis	Roberts 1932	SUBSPECIES		ngamiensis	mungo		Mungos	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000660	Mungos mungo subsp. pallidipes	Roberts 1929	SUBSPECIES		pallidipes	mungo		Mungos	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000661	Mungos mungo subsp. rossi	Roberts 1929	SUBSPECIES		rossi	mungo		Mungos	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000662	Mungos mungo subsp. senescens	Thomas and Wroughton 1907	SUBSPECIES		senescens	mungo		Mungos	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000663	Mungos mungo subsp. somalicus	Thomas 1895	SUBSPECIES		somalicus	mungo		Mungos	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000664	Mungos mungo subsp. talboti	Thomas and Wroughton 1907	SUBSPECIES		talboti	mungo		Mungos	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000667	Paracynictis	Pocock 1916	GENUS					Paracynictis	Herpestidae	Carnivora	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.17 p.177	Cynictis selousi de Winton, 1896, by original designation (Melville and Smith, 1987).					
14000668	Paracynictis selousi	de Winton 1896	SPECIES			selousi		Paracynictis	Herpestidae	Carnivora	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.18 p.469		bechuanae  Roberts, 1932; ngamiensis Roberts, 1932; sengaani Roberts, 1931.	Angola, Botswana, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	McKenna and Bell (1997) included in Cynictis without comment.	Selous Mongoose
14000669	Paracynictis selousi subsp. selousi	de Winton 1896	SUBSPECIES		selousi	selousi		Paracynictis	Herpestidae	Carnivora	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.18 p.469						
14000670	Paracynictis selousi subsp. bechuanae	Roberts 1932	SUBSPECIES		bechuanae	selousi		Paracynictis	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000671	Paracynictis selousi subsp. ngamiensis	Roberts 1932	SUBSPECIES		ngamiensis	selousi		Paracynictis	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000672	Paracynictis selousi subsp. sengaani	Roberts 1931	SUBSPECIES		sengaani	selousi		Paracynictis	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000673	Rhynchogale	Thomas 1894	GENUS					Rhynchogale	Herpestidae	Carnivora	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1894 p.139	Rhinogale melleri Gray, 1865, by monotypy through the replaced name Rhinogale Gray, 1865.	Rhinogale  Gray, 1865.				
14000674	Rhynchogale melleri	Gray 1864 "1865"	SPECIES			melleri		Rhynchogale	Herpestidae	Carnivora	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1864 p.575		caniceps  (Kershaw, 1924); langi Roberts, 1938.	Dem. Rep. Congo, Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Mellers Mongoose
14000702	Canis adustus subsp. lateralis	P. L. Sclater 1870	SUBSPECIES		lateralis	adustus		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000681	Suricata suricatta subsp. marjoriae	Bradfield 1936	SUBSPECIES		marjoriae	suricatta		Suricata	Herpestidae	Carnivora							
14000682	Hyaenidae	Gray 1821	FAMILY						Hyaenidae	Carnivora	London Med. Repos. vol.15 p.302		Protelidae Flower, 1869.			Reviewed by Ronnefeld (1969), Werdelin and Solounias (1991), and Jenks and Werdelin (1998), which is followed here.	
14000683	Crocuta	Kaup 1828	GENUS					Crocuta	Hyaenidae	Carnivora	Oken's Isis. Encyclop. Zeit vol.21 11 p.column 1145	Canis crocuta Erxleben, 1777, by original designation.	Crocotta Kaup, 1829.			Antedated by Crocuta Meigen, 1800 (an insect), but that name has been suppressed (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1962).	
14000684	Crocuta crocuta	Erxleben 1777	SPECIES			crocuta		Crocuta	Hyaenidae	Carnivora	Syst. Regni Anim. vol.1 p.578		capensis  (Desmarest, 1817); cuvieri (Boitard, 1842); fisi Heller, 1914; fortis J. A. Allen, 1924; gariepensis (Matschie, 1900); germinans (Matschie, 1900); habessynica (de Blainville, 1844); kibonotensis (Lönnberg, 1908); leontiewi (Satunin, 1905); maculata (Thunberg, 1811); noltei (Matschie, 1900); nyasae Cabrera, 1911; nzoyae Cabrera, 1911; panganensis (Lönnberg, 1908); rufa (Desmarest, 1817); rufopicta Cabrera, 1911; sivalensis (Falconer and Cautley, in Falconer, 1868); thierryi (Matschie, 1900); thomasi Cabrera, 1911; togoensis (Matschie, 1900); wissmanni (Matschie, 1900).	Angola, Botswana, Cameroon, Dem. Rep. Congo, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Guinea, Kenya, Malawi, Mauritania, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe.	IUCN  Lower Risk (cd).	Revised by Matthews (1939a, b). Synonyms according to Matthews (1939a) and Jenks and Werdelin (1998) who demonstrated that subspecies are not justified.	Spotted Hyena
14000685	Hyaena	Brisson 1762	GENUS					Hyaena	Hyaenidae	Carnivora	Regnum Animale, ed. 2. p.168	Canis hyaena Linnaeus, 1758, by original designation.	Euhyaena  Falconer, 1868; Hyena Gray, 1821.			Revised by Pocock (1934c). Hyaena Brisson, 1762, is available (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1955b, 1998), even though the work Regnum Animale has been rejected. The relationship of H. hyaena and H. brunnea has been problematic. McKenna and Bell (1997) followed Galiano and Frailey (1977) and placed brunnea in Pachycrocuta. Werdelin and Solounias (1991) argued that brunnea should be placed in Parahyaena. Jenks and Werdelin (1998) placed brunnea back in Hyaena and used subgenera to maintain Hendeys (1978) original intention (which is followed here). Synonyms according to Jenks and Werdelin (1998).	
14000686	Hyaena brunnea	Thunberg 1820	SPECIES			brunnea		Hyaena	Hyaenidae	Carnivora	K. Svenska Vet.-Acad. Handl. Stockholm p.59		fusca E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1825; melampus Pocock, 1934; striata A. Smith, 1826; villosa A. Smith, 1827.	Botswana, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe.	U.S. ESA  Endangered as Parahyaena (=Hyaena) brunnea; IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Reviewed by Mills (1982). See comments under genus for inclusion of brunnea under Hyaena. Pocock (1934c) and Jenks and Werdelin (1998) argued that neither morphological nor molecular studies have supported the recognition of subspecies at present. Synonyms according to Jenks and Werdelin (1998).	Brown Hyena
14000687	Hyaena hyaena	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			hyaena		Hyaena	Hyaenidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.40		antiquorum (Temminck, 1820); barbara de Blainville, 1844; bergeri Matschie, 1910; bilkiewiczi Satunin, 1905; bokcharensis Satunin, 1905; dubbah Meyer, 1793; dubia Schinz, 1821; fasciata Thunberg, 1820; hienomelas Matschie, 1900; hyaenomelas (Bruce, In Desmarest, 1820); indica de Blainville, 1844; orientalis Tiedemann, 1808; rendilis Lönnberg, 1912; satunini Matschie, 1910; schillingsi Matschie, 1900; striata Zimmermann, 1777; suilla Filippi, 1853; sultana Pocock, 1934; syriaca Matschie, 1900; virgata Ogilby, 1840; vulgaris Desmarest, 1820; zarudnyi Satunin, 1905.	Afghanistan, Algeria, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Egypt, Ethiopia, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Kenya, Libya, Mali, Morocco, Nepal, Nigeria, Pakistan, Saudia Arabia, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Yemen.	U.S. ESA and IUCN  Data Deficient as H. hyaena barbara, otherwise Lower Risk (nt).	Reviewed by Rieger (1981) and Jenks and Werdelin (1998). Pocock (1934d) and Jenks and Werdelin (1998) argued that at present neither morphological nor molecular studies have supported the recognition of subspecies. Synonyms according to Rieger (1981) and Jenks and Werdelin (1998).	Striped Hyena
14000703	Canis adustus subsp. notatus	Heller 1914	SUBSPECIES		notatus	adustus		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000688	Proteles	I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1824	GENUS					Proteles	Hyaenidae	Carnivora	Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris vol.1824 p.139	Proteles lalandii I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1824 (= Viverra cristata Sparrman, 1783), by original designation (Melville and Smith, 1987).	Geocyon  Wagler, 1830.				
14000727	Canis latrans subsp. incolatus	Hall 1934	SUBSPECIES		incolatus	latrans		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000728	Canis latrans subsp. jamesi	Townsend 1912	SUBSPECIES		jamesi	latrans		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000729	Canis latrans subsp. lestes	Merriam 1897	SUBSPECIES		lestes	latrans		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000730	Canis latrans subsp. mearnsi	Merriam 1897	SUBSPECIES		mearnsi	latrans		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000731	Canis latrans subsp. microdon	Merriam 1897	SUBSPECIES		microdon	latrans		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000732	Canis latrans subsp. ochropus	Eschscholtz 1829	SUBSPECIES		ochropus	latrans		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000689	Proteles cristata	Sparrman 1783	SPECIES			cristata		Proteles	Hyaenidae	Carnivora	Resa Goda-Hopps-Udden., I vol.1 p.581		canescens Shortridge and Carter, 1938; harrisoni Rothschild, 1902; hyenoides (Desmarest, 1821); lalandii I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1824; pallidior Cabrera, 1910; septentrionalis Rothschild, 1902; termes Heller, 1913; transvaalensis Roberts, 1932; typicus A. Smith, 1834.	Angola, Botswana, Central African Republic, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mozambique, Namibia, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe.	CITES  Appendix III (Botswana); IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Koehler and Richardson (1990) and Jenks and Werdelin (1998) who demonstrated that subspecies are not well defined and probably should not be recognized. Synonyms according to Jenks and Werdelin (1998).	Aardwolf
14000691	Canidae	Fischer 1817	FAMILY						Canidae	Carnivora	Mém. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscow vol.5 p.372					Conservation status and distribution reviewed by Ginsberg and Macdonald (1990). Reviewed by Langguth (1975), Stains (1975), Tedford et al. (1995), and Wayne et al. (1997). Revisions by Langguth (1969), Clutton-Brock et al. (1976), Van Gelder (1978), Berta (1985, 1988), Wayne and O'Brien (1987), Wayne (1993), and Wayne et al. (1987a, b, 1989, 1997) gave little support to the subfamilies recognized by Simpson (1945); therefore, no subfamilies are recognized here. There are considerable questions regarding the validity of the South American genera (Wang et al., 1999; Wayne et al., 1997). Van Gelder's (1978) hybridization criteria for generic classification resulted in the recognition of only a few genera, including some paraphyletic groups.	
14000692	Atelocynus	Cabrera 1940	GENUS					Atelocynus	Canidae	Carnivora	Notas Mus. La Plata vol.5 p.14	Canis microtis Sclater, 1883, by original designation.	Canis Sclater, 1883 (preoccupied by Canis Linneaus, 1758); Carcinocyon J. A. Allen, 1905.			See comments under Dusicyon. Placed in Atelocynus by Cabrera (1931, 1957), Langguth (1975), Stains (1975), Berta (1985, 1986, 1988) and McKenna and Bell (1997). Van Gelder (1978) considered Atelocynus a subgenus of Canis. Tedford et al. (1995) placed it as the sister taxon to Speothos.	
14000693	Atelocynus microtis	Sclater 1882 "1883"	SPECIES			microtis		Atelocynus	Canidae	Carnivora	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1882 p.631		sclateri  J. A. Allen, 1905.	Amazonian basin: Bolivia (see Anderson, 1997), Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela (?).	IUCN  Data Deficient.	Reviewed by Hershkovitz (1961a) and Berta (1986).	Short-eared Dog
14000694	Atelocynus microtis subsp. microtis	Sclater 1882 "1883"	SUBSPECIES		microtis	microtis		Atelocynus	Canidae	Carnivora	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1882 p.631						
14000695	Atelocynus microtis subsp. sclateri	J. A. Allen 1905	SUBSPECIES		sclateri	microtis		Atelocynus	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000696	Canis	Linnaeus 1758	GENUS					Canis	Canidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.38	Canis familiaris Linnaeus, 1758 (= Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758), by Linnean tautonomy (Melville and Smith, 1987).	Alopedon  Hilzheimer, 1906; Alopsis Rafinesque, 1815; Chaon C. E. H. Smith, 1839; Dasycyon Krumbiegel, 1953; Dieba Bray, 1869; Lupulella Hilzheimer, 1906; Lupulus Gervais, 1855; Lupus Oken, 1816; Lyciscus C. E. H. Smith, 1839; Mamcanisus Herrera, 1899; Neocyon Gray, 1868; Oreocyon Krumbiegel, 1949; Oxygous Hodgson, 1841; Sacalius C. E. H. Smith, 1839; Schaeffia Hilzheimer, 1906; Simenia Gray, 1868; Thos Oken, 1816; Vulpicanis de Blainville, 1837.			Van Gelder (1978) included Alopex, Atelocynus, Cerdocyon, Pseudalopex, Lycalopex, Dusicyon, and Vulpes as subgenera, however, this arrangement is not currently employed by most mammalogists (Berta, 1987, 1988; Corbet, 1978; Corbet and Hill, 1980; Gromov and Baranova, 1981; Hall, 1981; McKenna and Bell, 1997; Wozencraft, 1989). Synonyms allocated according to McKenna and Bell (1997).	
14000697	Canis adustus	Sundevall 1847	SPECIES			adustus		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora	Ofv. K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Forhandl. Stockholm vol.3 p.121		holubi  Lorenz, 1895; wunderlichi Noack, 1897; bweha Heller, 1914; centralis Schwarz, 1915; grayi Hilzheimer, 1906; kaffensis Neumann, 1902; lateralis P. L. Sclater, 1870; notatus Heller, 1914.	Angola, Botswana, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Dem. Rep. Congo, Ethiopia, Gabon, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Republic of Congo, Senegal, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe,	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Synonyms allocated according to G. M. Allen (1939) and Ellerman et al. (1953).	Side-striped Jackal
14000698	Canis adustus subsp. adustus	Sundevall 1847	SUBSPECIES		adustus	adustus		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora	Ofv. K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Forhandl. Stockholm vol.3 p.121						
14000699	Canis adustus subsp. bweha	Heller 1914	SUBSPECIES		bweha	adustus		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000700	Canis adustus subsp. grayi	Hilzheimer 1906	SUBSPECIES		grayi	adustus		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000701	Canis adustus subsp. kaffensis	Neumann 1902	SUBSPECIES		kaffensis	adustus		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000733	Canis latrans subsp. peninsulae	Merriam 1897	SUBSPECIES		peninsulae	latrans		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000734	Canis latrans subsp. texensis	Bailey 1905	SUBSPECIES		texensis	latrans		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000735	Canis latrans subsp. thamnos	Jackson 1949	SUBSPECIES		thamnos	latrans		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000704	Canis aureus	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			aureus		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.40		balcanicus  Brusina, 1892; caucasica Kolenati, 1858; dalmatinus Wagner, 1841; hadramauticus Noack, 1896; hungaricus Ehik, 1938; kola Wroughton, 1916; lanka Wroughton, 1916; maroccanus (Cabrera, 1921); typicus Kolenati, 1858; vulgaris Wagner, 1841; algirensis Wagner, 1841; barbarus (C. E. H. Smith, 1839) [preoccupied]; grayi Hilzheimer, 1906; tripolitanus Wagner, 1841; anthus F. Cuvier, 1820; senegalensis (C. E. H. Smith, 1839); bea Heller, 1914; cruesemanni Matschie, 1900; ecsedensis (Kretzoi, 1947); minor Mojsisovico, 1897 [preoccupied]; indicus Hodgson, 1833; lupaster Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1833; sacer Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1833; moreotica I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1835; graecus Wagner, 1841; naria Wroughton, 1916; riparius Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1832; hagenbecki Noack, 1897; mengesi Noack, 1897; somalicus Lorenz, 1906; soudanicus Thomas, 1903; doederleini Hilzheimer, 1906; nubianus (Cabrera, 1921); thooides Hilzheimer, 1906; variegatus Cretzschmar, 1826 [preoccupied]; syriacus Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1833.	Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Bangladesh, Burma, Chad, Coatia, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Greece, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Lebanon, Libya, Macedonia, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Saudia Arabia, Senegal, Slovenia, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Western Sahara, Yemen.	CITES  Appendix III (India); IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Synonyms allocated according to G. M. Allen (1939) and Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951).	Golden Jackal
14000705	Canis aureus subsp. aureus	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		aureus	aureus		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.40						
14000706	Canis aureus subsp. algirensis	Wagner 1841	SUBSPECIES		algirensis	aureus		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000707	Canis aureus subsp. anthus	F. Cuvier 1820	SUBSPECIES		anthus	aureus		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000708	Canis aureus subsp. bea	Heller 1914	SUBSPECIES		bea	aureus		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000709	Canis aureus subsp. cruesemanni	Matschie 1900	SUBSPECIES		cruesemanni	aureus		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000710	Canis aureus subsp. ecsedensis	Kretzoi 1947	SUBSPECIES		ecsedensis	aureus		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000711	Canis aureus subsp. indicus	Hodgson 1833	SUBSPECIES		indicus	aureus		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000712	Canis aureus subsp. lupaster	Hemprich and Ehrenberg 1833	SUBSPECIES		lupaster	aureus		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000713	Canis aureus subsp. moreotica	I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1835	SUBSPECIES		moreotica	aureus		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000714	Canis aureus subsp. naria	Wroughton 1916	SUBSPECIES		naria	aureus		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000715	Canis aureus subsp. riparius	Hemprich and Ehrenberg 1832	SUBSPECIES		riparius	aureus		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000716	Canis aureus subsp. soudanicus	Thomas 1903	SUBSPECIES		soudanicus	aureus		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000717	Canis aureus subsp. syriacus	Hemprich and Ehrenberg 1833	SUBSPECIES		syriacus	aureus		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000718	Canis latrans	Say 1823	SPECIES			latrans		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora	InJames, Account Exped. Pittsburgh to Rocky Mtns vol.1 p.168		nebracensis  Merriam, 1898; pallidus Merriam, 1897; cagottis C. E. H. Smith, 1839; clepticus Elliot, 1903; dickeyi Nelson, 1932; frustror Woodhouse, 1851; goldmani Merriam, 1904; hondurensis Goldman, 1936; impavidus J. A. Allen, 1903; incolatus Hall, 1934; jamesi Townsend, 1912; lestes Merriam, 1897; mearnsi Merriam, 1897; estor Merriam, 1897; microdon Merriam, 1897; ochropus Eschscholtz, 1829; peninsulae Merriam, 1897; texensis Bailey, 1905; thamnos Jackson, 1949; umpquensis Jackson, 1949; vigilis Merriam, 1897.	Canada, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, USA. Introduced to Florida and Georgia and currently widespread throughout Northern and Central America (Beckoff, 1977, 1999).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Revised by Young (1951) and reviewed by Beckoff (1977). Synonyms allocated according to Beckoff (1977) and Hall (1981).	Coyote
14000719	Canis latrans subsp. latrans	Say 1823	SUBSPECIES		latrans	latrans		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora	InJames, Account Exped. Pittsburgh to Rocky Mtns vol.1 p.168						
14000720	Canis latrans subsp. cagottis	C. E. H. Smith 1839	SUBSPECIES		cagottis	latrans		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000721	Canis latrans subsp. clepticus	Elliot 1903	SUBSPECIES		clepticus	latrans		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000722	Canis latrans subsp. dickeyi	Nelson 1932	SUBSPECIES		dickeyi	latrans		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000723	Canis latrans subsp. frustror	Woodhouse 1851	SUBSPECIES		frustror	latrans		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000724	Canis latrans subsp. goldmani	Merriam 1904	SUBSPECIES		goldmani	latrans		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000725	Canis latrans subsp. hondurensis	Goldman 1936	SUBSPECIES		hondurensis	latrans		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000736	Canis latrans subsp. umpquensis	Jackson 1949	SUBSPECIES		umpquensis	latrans		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000737	Canis latrans subsp. vigilis	Merriam 1897	SUBSPECIES		vigilis	latrans		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000738	Canis lupus	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			lupus		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.39		altaicus  (Noack, 1911); argunensis Dybowski, 1922; canus de Sélys Longchamps, 1839; communis Dwigubski, 1804; deitanus Cabrera, 1907; desertorum Bogdanov, 1882; flavus Kerr, 1792; fulvus de Sélys Longchamps, 1839; italicus Altobello, 1921; kurjak Bolkay, 1925; lycaon Trouessart, 1910; major Ogérien, 1863; minor Ogerien, 1863, niger Hermann, 1804; orientalis (Wagner, 1841); orientalis Dybowski, 1922; signatus Cabrera, 1907; albus Kerr, 1792; dybowskii Domaniewski, 1926; kamtschaticus Dybowski, 1922; turuchanensis Ognev, 1923; alces Goldman, 1941; arabs Pocock, 1934; arctos Pocock, 1935; baileyi Nelson and Goldman, 1929; beothucus G. M. Allen and Barbour, 1937; bernardi Anderson, 1943; banksianus Anderson, 1943; campestris Dwigubski, 1804; bactrianus Laptev, 1929; cubanenesis Ognev, 1923; desertorum Bogdanov, 1882; chanco Gray, 1863; coreanus Abe, 1923; dorogostaiskii Skalon, 1936; ekloni Przewalski, 1883; filchneri (Matschie, 1907); karanorensis (Matschie, 1907); laniger (Hodgson, 1847) [preoccupied]; niger Sclater, 1874; tschiliensis (Matschie, 1907); columbianus Goldman, 1941; crassodon Hall, 1932; dingo Meyer, 1793 [domestic dog]; antarcticus Kerr, 1792[suppressed, ICZN, O. 451]; australasiae Desmarest, 1820; australiae Gray, 1826; dingoides, Matschie, 1915; macdonnellensis Matschie, 1915; novaehollandiae Voigt, 1831; papuensis Ramsay, 1879; tenggerana Kohlbrugge, 1896; harappensis Prashad, 1936; hallstromi Troughton, 1957; familiaris Linnaeus, 1758 [domestic dog]; aegyptius Linnaeus, 1758; alco C. E. H. Smith, 1839; americanus Gmelin, 1792; anglicus Gmelin, 1792; antarcticus Gmelin, 1792; aprinus Gmelin, 1792; aquaticus Linnaeus, 1758; aquatilis Gmelin, 1792; avicularis Gmelin, 1792; borealis C. E. H. Smith, 1839; brevipilis Gmelin, 1792; cursorius Gmelin, 1792; domesticus Linnaeus, 1758; extrarius Gmelin, 1792; ferus C. E. H. Smith, 1839; fricator Gmelin, 1792; fricatrix Linnaeus, 1758; fuillus Gmelin, 1792; gallicus Gmelin, 1792; glaucus C. E. H. Smith, 1839; graius Linnaeus, 1758; grajus Gmelin, 1792; hagenbecki Krumbiegel, 1950; haitensis C. E. H. Smith, 1839; hibernicus Gmelin, 1792; hirsutus Gmelin, 1792; hybridus Gmelin, 1792; islandicus Gmelin, 1792; italicus Gmelin, 1792; laniarius Gmelin, 1792; leoninus Gmelin, 1792; leporarius C. E. H. Smith, 1839; major Gmelin, 1792; major Gmelin, 1792; mastinus Linnaeus, 1758; melitacus Gmelin, 1792; melitaeus Linnaeus, 1758; minor Gmelin, 1792; molossus Gmelin, 1792; mustelinus Linnaeus, 1758; obesus Gmelin, 1792; orientalis Gmelin, 1792; pacificus C. E. H. Smith, 1839; plancus Gmelin, 1792; pomeranus Gmelin, 1792; sagaces C. E. H. Smith, 1839; sanguinarius C. E. H. Smith, 1839; sagax Linnaeus, 1758; scoticus Gmelin, 1792; sibiricus Gmelin, 1792; suillus C. E. H. Smith, 1839; terraenovae C. E. H. Smith, 1839; terrarius C. E. H. Smith, 1839; turcicus Gmelin, 1792; urcani C. E. H. Smith, 1839; variegatus Gmelin, 1792; venaticus Gmelin, 1792; vertegus Gmelin, 1792; floridanus Miller, 1912; fuscus Richardson, 1839; gigas (Townsend, 1850); gregoryi Goldman, 1937; griseoalbus Baird, 1858; knightii Anderson, 1945; hattai Kishida, 1931; rex Pocock, 1935; hodophilax Temminck, 1839; hodopylax Temminck, 1844; japonicus Nehring, 1885; hudsonicus Goldman, 1941; irremotus Goldman, 1937; labradorius Goldman, 1937; ligoni Goldman, 1937; lycaon Schreber, 1775; canadensis de Blainville, 1843; ungavensis Comeau, 1940; mackenzii Anderson, 1943; manningi Anderson, 1943; mogollonensis Goldman, 1937; monstrabilis Goldman, 1937; niger Bartram, 1791; nubilus Say, 1823; variabilis Wied-Neuwied, 1841; occidentalis Richardson, 1829; sticte Richardson, 1829; ater Richardson, 1829; orion Pocock, 1935; pallipes Sykes, 1831; pambasileus Elliot, 1905; rufus Audubon and Bachman, 1851; tundrarum Miller, 1912; youngi Goldman, 1937. 	Throughout the N hemisphere: North America south to 20°N in Oaxaca (Mexico); Europe; Asia, including the Arabian Peninsula and Japan, excluding Indochina and S India. Extirpated from most of the continental USA, Europe, and SE China and Indochina (Ginsburg and Macdonald, 1990). Afghanistan, Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bhutan, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Egypt (?), Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Greece, Greenland, Hungary, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lebanon (?), Lithuania, Macedonia, Mexico, Mongolia, Nepal, Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Saudia Arabia, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Syria, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, USA (see status below), Uzbekistan.	CITES  Appendix I (Indian, Pakistan, Bhutan, and Nepal populations); otherwise Appendix II. U.S. ESA  as C. lupus varies by population: 1) Endangered in Southwestern Distinct Population Segment  Mexico and USA (AZ, NM, CO south of Interstate Highway 70, UT south of U.S. Highway 50, OK and TX, except those parts of OK and TX east of Interstate Highway 35; except where listed as an experimental population); 2) Threatened in Western Distinct Population Segment  USA (CA, ID, MT, NV, OR, WA, WY, UT north of U.S. Highway 50, and CO north of Interstate Highway 70, except where listed as an experimental population); 3) Threatened in Eastern Distinct Population Segment  USA (CT, IA, IL, IN, KS, MA, ME, MI, MN, MO, ND, NE, NH, NJ, NY, OH, PA, RI, SD, VT, and WI); 4) Experimental populations in portions of USA (WY and portions of ID and MT; portions of AZ, NM, and TX); otherwise, U.S. ESA  Delisted Taxa in USA (Delaware, West Virginia, Virginia, Maryland, District of Columbia, Kentucky, Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas, parts of Oklahoma and Texas east of Interstate Highway 35; delisting of all other lower 48 states or portions of lower 48 states not otherwise included in the 3 distinct population segments). U.S. ESA  as C. rufus Endangered in entire range except in portions of NC and TN (USA), where listed as experimental populations. IUCN  Lower Risk (lc), except for Mexican subpopulation, which is Extinct in the Wild, Italian subpopulation, which is Vulnerable, Spanish-Portuguese subpopulation, which is Lower Risk (cd), and as Canis rufus, which is Critically Endangered.	Reviewed by Mech, 1974. Opinion 2027 of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (March, 2003a) ruled that lupus is not invalid by virtue of being pre-dated by a name based on a domestic form. Includes the domestic dog as a subspecies, with the dingo provisionally separate--artificial variants created by domestication and selective breeding (Vilá et al., 1999; Wayne and Ostrander, 1999; Savolainen et al., 2002). Although this may stretch the subspecies concept, it retains the correct allocation of synonyms. Corbet and Hill (1992) suggested treating the domestic dog as a separate species in SE Asia. Synonyms allocated according to Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), Mech (1974), and Hall (1981). Provisionally includes rufus, (recognized by Paradiso, 1968; Paradiso and Nowak, 1972; Atkins and Dillion, 1971; Paradiso and Nowak, 1972; Nowak, 1979, 1992, 2002) although this problematic group (rufus, floridanus, gregoryi) should probab... [truncated]	Wolf
14000739	Canis lupus subsp. lupus	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		lupus	lupus		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.39						
14000740	Canis lupus subsp. albus	Kerr 1792	SUBSPECIES		albus	lupus		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000741	Canis lupus subsp. alces	Goldman 1941	SUBSPECIES		alces	lupus		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000742	Canis lupus subsp. arabs	Pocock 1934	SUBSPECIES		arabs	lupus		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000743	Canis lupus subsp. arctos	Pocock 1935	SUBSPECIES		arctos	lupus		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000744	Canis lupus subsp. baileyi	Nelson and Goldman 1929	SUBSPECIES		baileyi	lupus		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000745	Canis lupus subsp. beothucus	G. M. Allen and Barbour 1937	SUBSPECIES		beothucus	lupus		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000746	Canis lupus subsp. bernardi	Anderson 1943	SUBSPECIES		bernardi	lupus		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000747	Canis lupus subsp. campestris	Dwigubski 1804	SUBSPECIES		campestris	lupus		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000748	Canis lupus subsp. chanco	Gray 1863	SUBSPECIES		chanco	lupus		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000749	Canis lupus subsp. columbianus	Goldman 1941	SUBSPECIES		columbianus	lupus		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000750	Canis lupus subsp. crassodon	Hall 1932	SUBSPECIES		crassodon	lupus		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000751	Canis lupus subsp. dingo	Meyer 1793	SUBSPECIES		dingo	lupus		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora						[domestic dog]	
14000752	Canis lupus subsp. familiaris	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		familiaris	lupus		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora						[domestic dog]	
14000753	Canis lupus subsp. floridanus	Miller 1912	SUBSPECIES		floridanus	lupus		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000754	Canis lupus subsp. fuscus	Richardson 1839	SUBSPECIES		fuscus	lupus		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000755	Canis lupus subsp. gregoryi	Goldman 1937	SUBSPECIES		gregoryi	lupus		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000756	Canis lupus subsp. griseoalbus	Baird 1858	SUBSPECIES		griseoalbus	lupus		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000757	Canis lupus subsp. hattai	Kishida 1931	SUBSPECIES		hattai	lupus		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000758	Canis lupus subsp. hodophilax	Temminck 1839	SUBSPECIES		hodophilax	lupus		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000759	Canis lupus subsp. hudsonicus	Goldman 1941	SUBSPECIES		hudsonicus	lupus		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000761	Canis lupus subsp. labradorius	Goldman 1937	SUBSPECIES		labradorius	lupus		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000762	Canis lupus subsp. ligoni	Goldman 1937	SUBSPECIES		ligoni	lupus		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000763	Canis lupus subsp. lycaon	Schreber 1775	SUBSPECIES		lycaon	lupus		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000764	Canis lupus subsp. mackenzii	Anderson 1943	SUBSPECIES		mackenzii	lupus		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000765	Canis lupus subsp. manningi	Anderson 1943	SUBSPECIES		manningi	lupus		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000766	Canis lupus subsp. mogollonensis	Goldman 1937	SUBSPECIES		mogollonensis	lupus		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000767	Canis lupus subsp. monstrabilis	Goldman 1937	SUBSPECIES		monstrabilis	lupus		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000768	Canis lupus subsp. nubilus	Say 1823	SUBSPECIES		nubilus	lupus		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000769	Canis lupus subsp. occidentalis	Richardson 1829	SUBSPECIES		occidentalis	lupus		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000770	Canis lupus subsp. orion	Pocock 1935	SUBSPECIES		orion	lupus		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000771	Canis lupus subsp. pallipes	Sykes 1831	SUBSPECIES		pallipes	lupus		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000772	Canis lupus subsp. pambasileus	Elliot 1905	SUBSPECIES		pambasileus	lupus		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000773	Canis lupus subsp. rufus	Audubon and Bachman 1851	SUBSPECIES		rufus	lupus		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000774	Canis lupus subsp. tundrarum	Miller 1912	SUBSPECIES		tundrarum	lupus		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000775	Canis lupus subsp. youngi	Goldman 1937	SUBSPECIES		youngi	lupus		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000776	Canis mesomelas	Schreber 1775	SPECIES			mesomelas		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora	Die Säugethiere vol.2 14 p.pl. 95[1775]; see also text, 3(21):370[1776], 586[1777]		achrotes  (Thomas, 1925); arenarum (Thomas, 1926); variegatoides A. Smith, 1833; schmidti Noack, 1897; elgonae Heller, 1914; mcmillani, Heller, 1914.	Allopatric south and east African populations: Angola, Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mozambique, Namibia, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Walton and Joly (2003).	Black-backed Jackal
14000803	Lycalopex culpaeus subsp. lycoides	Philippi 1896	SUBSPECIES		lycoides	culpaeus		Lycalopex	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000777	Canis mesomelas subsp. mesomelas	Schreber 1775	SUBSPECIES		mesomelas	mesomelas		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora	Die Säugethiere vol.2 14 p.pl. 95[1775]; see also text, 3(21):370[1776], 586[1777]						
14000778	Canis mesomelas subsp. schmidti	Noack 1897	SUBSPECIES		schmidti	mesomelas		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000779	Canis simensis	Rüppell 1840	SPECIES			simensis		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora	Neue Wirbelt. Fauna Abyssin. Gehörig. Säugeth. vol.1 p.p. 39, pl. 14		crinensis (Erlanger and Neumann, 1900); semiensis Heuglin, 1862; simensis (Gray, 1869); walgi Heuglin, 1862; citernii de Beaux, 1922.	C Ethiopia.	U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Sometimes placed in subgenus Simenia Gray, 1868. Reviewed by Sillero-Zubiri and Gottelli (1994).	Ethiopian Wolf
14000780	Canis simensis subsp. simensis	Rüppell 1840	SUBSPECIES		simensis	simensis		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora	Neue Wirbelt. Fauna Abyssin. Gehörig. Säugeth. vol.1 p.p. 39, pl. 14						
14000781	Canis simensis subsp. citernii	de Beaux 1922	SUBSPECIES		citernii	simensis		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000782	Cerdocyon	C. E. H. Smith 1839	GENUS					Cerdocyon	Canidae	Carnivora	Jardine's Natur. Libr. vol.9 p.259-267	Canis azarae Wied, 1824 (= Canis Thous Linnaeus, 1766) by subsequent designation (Thomas, 1914a).	Carcinocyon  J. A. Allen, 1905; Thous J. E. Gray, 1868.			Tedford et al. (1995) considered Cerdocyon and Nyctereutes to be sister taxa.	
14000825	Nyctereutes procyonoides	Gray 1834	SPECIES			procyonoides		Nyctereutes	Canidae	Carnivora	Illustr. Indian Zool vol.2 p.pl. 1		kalininensis  Sorokin, 1958; sinensis Brass, 1904; stegmanni Matschie, 1907; koreensis Mori, 1922; orestes Thomas, 1923; ussuriensis Matschie, 1907; amurensis Matschie, 1907; viverrinus Temminck, 1838; albus Hornaday, 1904.	China, Japan, Mongolia, North and South Korea, Russia. Introduced into Europe and now found in: Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Ward and Wurster-Hill (1990). Synonyms allocated according to Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951). Introduced populations in Europe.	Raccoon dog
14000783	Cerdocyon thous	Linnaeus 1766	SPECIES			thous		Cerdocyon	Canidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 12th ed. vol.1 p.60		brasiliensis  (Wied-Neuwied, 1824); cancrivorus (Brongniart, 1792); lunaris (Thomas, 1914); melampus (Wagner, 1841); rudis (Günther, 1879); savannarum (Thomas, 1901); vetulus (Studer, 1905); aquilus (Bangs, 1898); apollinaris Thomas, 1914; azarae (Wied-Neuwied, 1824); angulensis (Thomas, 1903); brachyteles (de Blainville, 1843); cancrivorus (Winge, 1896); guaraxa C. E. H. Smith, 1839; melanostomus (Wagner, 1843); robustior (Lund, 1843); entrerianus (Burmeister, 1861); affinis Marcelli, 1931; flavogriseus (Zukowsky, 1950); fronto Lönnberg, 1919; jucundus Thomas, 1921; mimax Thomas, 1914; riograndensis (Ihering, 1911); tucumanus Thomas, 1921; germanus G. M. Allen, 1923; soudanicus (Thomas, 1903).	N Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (except Amazonia), Colombia, Guyanas, Suriname, Peru, Paraguay, Uruguay, Venezuela.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Berta (1982). Placed in Cerdocyon by Langguth (1975), Stains (1975), and Berta (1982); placed in subgenus Canis (Cerdocyon) by Van Gelder (1978). Synonyms allocated according to Berta, (1982) and Cabrera (1957).	Crab-eating Fox
14000784	Cerdocyon thous subsp. thous	Linnaeus 1766	SUBSPECIES		thous	thous		Cerdocyon	Canidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 12th ed. vol.1 p.60						
14000785	Cerdocyon thous subsp. aquilus	Bangs 1898	SUBSPECIES		aquilus	thous		Cerdocyon	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000786	Cerdocyon thous subsp. azarae	Wied-Neuwied 1824	SUBSPECIES		azarae	thous		Cerdocyon	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000787	Cerdocyon thous subsp. entrerianus	Burmeister 1861	SUBSPECIES		entrerianus	thous		Cerdocyon	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000788	Cerdocyon thous subsp. germanus	G. M. Allen 1923	SUBSPECIES		germanus	thous		Cerdocyon	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000789	Cerdocyon thous subsp. soudanicus	Thomas 1903	SUBSPECIES		soudanicus	thous		Cerdocyon	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000790	Chrysocyon	C. E. H. Smith 1839	GENUS					Chrysocyon	Canidae	Carnivora	Jardine's Natur. Libr. vol.9 p.241-247	Canis jubatus Desmarest, 1820 (= Canis brachyurus Illiger, 1815).				Recognized by Langguth (1975), Stains (1975), Van Gelder (1978), Berta (1988), and McKenna and Bell (1997).	
14000791	Chrysocyon brachyurus	Illiger 1815	SPECIES			brachyurus		Chrysocyon	Canidae	Carnivora	Abh. Phys. Klasse K. Pruess. Akad. Wiss. vol.1804-1811 p.121		campestris  (Wied-Neuwied, 1826); cancrosa (Oken, 1816); isodactylus (Ameghino, 1906); jubatus (Desmarest, 1820); vulpes (Larrañaga, 1923).	NE Argentina, Paraguay; Bolivia (lowlands), Brazil (from Rio Grande do Sul to Minas Gerais, Goiás and Mato Grosso), Paraguay.	CITES  Appendix II; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Reviewed by Dietz (1985). Synonyms allocated according to Dietz (1985).	Maned Wolf
14000792	Cuon	Hodgson 1838	GENUS					Cuon	Canidae	Carnivora	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.1 p.152	Canis primaevus Hodgson, 1838 (=Canis alpinus Pallas, 1811) by monotypy (Melville and Smith, 1987). Conserved by Opinion 384 (1956a).	Anurocyon  Heude, 1888; Chrysaeus C. E. H. Smith, 1839; Cyon Agassiz, 1842; Primaevus Gray, 1843; Primoevus Hodgson, 1842.			Placed in subfamily Simocyoninae Dawkins, 1868, by Simpson (1945) and Stains (1975). Tedford et al. (1995) considered Cuon and Lycaon to be sister taxa.	
14000804	Lycalopex culpaeus subsp. magellanicus	Gray 1837	SUBSPECIES		magellanicus	culpaeus		Lycalopex	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000805	Lycalopex culpaeus subsp. reissii	Hilzheimer 1906	SUBSPECIES		reissii	culpaeus		Lycalopex	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000806	Lycalopex culpaeus subsp. smithersi	Thomas 1914	SUBSPECIES		smithersi	culpaeus		Lycalopex	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000821	Lycaon pictus subsp. manguensis	Matschie 1915	SUBSPECIES		manguensis	pictus		Lycaon	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000793	Cuon alpinus	Pallas 1811	SPECIES			alpinus		Cuon	Canidae	Carnivora	Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat. vol.1 p.34		adustus  Pocock, 1941; antiquus (Matthew and Granger, 1923); clamitans (Heude, 1892); dukhunensis (Sykes, 1831); fumosus Pocock, 1936; grayiformis Hodgson, 1863; infuscus Pocock, 1936; javanicus (Desmarest, 1820); laniger Pocock, 1936; lepturus Heude, 1892; primaevus (Hodgson, 1833); rutilans Müller, 1839; sumatrensis Hodgson, 1863; hesperius (Afanasjev and Zolotarev, 1935); jason Pocock, 1936; sumatrensis (Hardwicke, 1821).	China (Tibet and Xinjiang: Tian Shan and Altai-extinct); Indonesia (Java, Sumatra), Malaysia, India (montane forest), N Pakistan, Indochina, North and South ?Korea, N Mongolia, Russia (Ussuri region and S Siberia).	CITES  Appendix II; U. S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Vulnerable.	Reviewed by Cohen (1978). Synonyms allocated according to Cohen (1978).	Dhole
14000794	Cuon alpinus subsp. alpinus	Pallas 1811	SUBSPECIES		alpinus	alpinus		Cuon	Canidae	Carnivora	Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat. vol.1 p.34						
14000795	Cuon alpinus subsp. hesperius	Afanasjev and Zolotarev 1935	SUBSPECIES		hesperius	alpinus		Cuon	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000796	Cuon alpinus subsp. sumatrensis	Hardwicke 1821	SUBSPECIES		sumatrensis	alpinus		Cuon	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000826	Nyctereutes procyonoides subsp. procyonoides	Gray 1834	SUBSPECIES		procyonoides	procyonoides		Nyctereutes	Canidae	Carnivora	Illustr. Indian Zool vol.2 p.pl. 1						
14000797	Dusicyon	C. E. H. Smith 1839	GENUS					Dusicyon	Canidae	Carnivora	Jardine's Natur. Libr. vol.9 p.248	Canis antarcticus Bechstein, 1799 (= C. australis Kerr, 1792), by subsequent designation (Cabrera, 1931).				There has been general disagreement as to generic classification of the South American canids, with most of the disagreement centered on the species australis, culpaeus, griseus, gymnocercus, microtis, sechurae, thous, and vetulus. Van Gelder (1978) proposed placing these taxa into Canis and giving only subgeneric recognition. The other extreme arrangement is best represented by Cabrera (1931) who recognized 5 genera for this group. Langguth (1969) first followed Cabrera's classification, but later (1975) decided to group most taxa into Canis, because he felt differences were not sufficient to warrant generic distinctions. The phenetic approaches of Clutton-Brock et al. (1976) and Wayne and O'Brien (1987) confirmed the close similarities of these taxa. Berta's (1987, 1988) phylogenetic hypothesis is followed here. Placed in Dusicyon by McKenna and Bell (1997) who consider it to include only the extinct Falklan... [truncated]	
14000798	Dusicyon australis	Kerr 1792	SPECIES			australis		Dusicyon	Canidae	Carnivora	InLinnaeus, Anim. Kingdom p.144		antarcticus (Bechstein, 1799).	Falkland Isls.	IUCN  Extinct.	Placed in Dusicyon by Cabrera (1931) and Berta (1987, 1988), and considered as a subgenus separate from other "foxes" (i.e., culpaeus, griseus, gymnocercus, and sechurae) by Langguth (1975) and Van Gelder (1978).	Falkland Islands Wolf
14000834	Otocyon megalotis subsp. canescens	Cabrera 1910	SUBSPECIES		canescens	megalotis		Otocyon	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000855	Urocyon cinereoargenteus subsp. scottii	Mearns 1891	SUBSPECIES		scottii	cinereoargenteus		Urocyon	Canidae	Carnivora							
13700488	Sorex coronatus	Millet 1828	SPECIES			coronatus	Sorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Faune de Maine-et-Loire vol.I p.18		euronotus  Miller, 1901; fretalis Miller, 1909; gemellus Ott, 1968; personatus Millet, 1828 [not I. Geoffroy, 1827]; santonus Mottaz, 1906.	W Europe from the Netherlands and NW Germany to France and Switzerland, south to N Spain; also in Jersey (Channel Isls), Liechtenstein and westernmost tip of Austria.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Sorex, S. araneus group. A sibling species of araneus (Meylan and Hausser, 1978), characterized mainly by the karyotype (2n = 22/24, FN = 44). Its distribution broadly overlaps with that of araneus in Germany. Revised by Hausser (1990), range map in Mitchell-Jones et al. (1999).	Millet's Shrew
14000799	Lycalopex	Burmeister 1854	GENUS					Lycalopex	Canidae	Carnivora	Systematische Uebersicht der Thiere Brasiliens p.95-101	Canis magellanicus Gray, 1847 (= Canis culpaeus Molina, 1782), by subsequent designation (Cabrera, 1931).	Angusticeps  Hilzheimer, 1906; Eunothocyon J. A. Allen, 1905; Lupulus Trouessart, 1897; Microcyon Trouessart, 1906; Nothocyon Wortman and Matthew, 1899; Procyon Fischer, 1814 (not Storr, 1780); Pseudalopex Burmeister, 1856; Pseudolopex Philippi, 1903; Pseudolycos Philippi, 1903; Thous Gray, 1869; Viverriceps Hilzheimer, 1906; Vulpes Martin, 1837.			Revised by Zunino et al. (1995). Also see comments under Dusicyon. Although combining taxa included here with Dusicyon would not be in conflict with Berta (1987, 1988), her analyses suggested that other genera, now extinct, are more closely related to Dusicyon. Berta (1987, 1988) presented derived features that would support a single origin for those taxa recognized here in Lycalopex (=Pseudalopex), which would also agree with Cabrera (1957) and Stains (1975). A detailed comparative morphological study by Langguth (1969) caused him to conclude (1975) that Pseudalopex (=Lycalopex) merited generic rank. Synonyms allocated according to Zunino et al. (1995). Tedford et al. (1995) considered Lycalopex as recognized here as paraphyletic and proposed a different arrangement of South American canids according to the following monophyletic groups: (1) L. vetulus + Chrysocyon + Cerdocyon + Nyctereutes + Speoth... [truncated]	
14000800	Lycalopex culpaeus	Molina 1782	SPECIES			culpaeus		Lycalopex	Canidae	Carnivora	Sagg. Stor. Nat. Chile p.293		albigula  (Philippi, 1903); amblyodon (Philippi, 1903); chilensis (Kerr, 1792); ferrugineus (Huber, 1925); magellanicus (Gray, 1847, not Gray, 1836); andinus (Thomas, 1914); azarae (Tschudi, 1844) [preoccupied]; culpaeolus (Thomas, 1914); inca (Thomas, 1914); magellanicus (Waterhouse, 1838) [preoccupied]; reissii (Osgood, 1914); smithersi (Kraglievich, 1930); lycoides (Philippi, 1896); magellanicus (Gray, 1837); montanus (Prichard, 1902); prichardi (Trouessart, 1904); typicus (Trouessart, 1910); reissii (Hilzheimer, 1906); riveti (Trouessart, 1906); smithersi (Thomas, 1914).	Argentina (Tierra del Fuego), Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru.	CITES  Appendix II as Pseudalopex culpaeus; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as P. culpaeus.	Revised by Zunino et al. (1995). Placed in Pseudalopex by Berta (1987, 1988); and in Dusicyon by Cabrera (1957). Considered in Canis (Pseudalopex) by Langguth (1975), Clutton-Brock et al. (1976), and Van Gelder (1978). Includes culpaeolus (part) and inca (part) mismatched skin and skull (Langguth, 1967). Reviewed by Novaro (1997). Synonyms allocated according to Cabrera (1957), Zunino et al. (1995), and Novaro (1997).	Culpeo
14000801	Lycalopex culpaeus subsp. culpaeus	Molina 1782	SUBSPECIES		culpaeus	culpaeus		Lycalopex	Canidae	Carnivora	Sagg. Stor. Nat. Chile p.293						
14000802	Lycalopex culpaeus subsp. andinus	Thomas 1914	SUBSPECIES		andinus	culpaeus		Lycalopex	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000807	Lycalopex fulvipes	Martin 1837	SPECIES			fulvipes		Lycalopex	Canidae	Carnivora	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1837 p.11		lagopus  (Molina, 1782).	Chile (Chiloé Isl, and Nahuelbuta National Park)(Medel et al., 1990).	CITES Appendix II (as included in Pseudalopex (= Lycalopex) griseus).	The distinctiveness of fulvipes is supported by mtDNA analyses (Yahnke et al., 1996).	Darwin's Fox
14000808	Lycalopex griseus	Gray 1837	SPECIES			griseus		Lycalopex	Canidae	Carnivora	Mag. Nat. Hist. [Charlesworth's] vol.1 p.578		gracilis  (Burmeister, 1861).	Argentina (Santiago del Estero), Chile, Falkland Isls.	CITES  Appendix II as Pseudalopex griseus; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as P. griseus.	Placed in Pseudalopex by Berta (1988) and Dusicyon by Cabrera (1957). Considered in Canis (Pseudalopex) by Langguth (1975), and Van Gelder (1978). Placed in Lycalopex gymnocercus by Zunino et al. (1995).	South American Gray Fox
14000827	Nyctereutes procyonoides subsp. koreensis	Mori 1922	SUBSPECIES		koreensis	procyonoides		Nyctereutes	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000828	Nyctereutes procyonoides subsp. orestes	Thomas 1923	SUBSPECIES		orestes	procyonoides		Nyctereutes	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000829	Nyctereutes procyonoides subsp. ussuriensis	Matschie 1907	SUBSPECIES		ussuriensis	procyonoides		Nyctereutes	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000832	Otocyon megalotis	Desmarest 1822	SPECIES			megalotis		Otocyon	Canidae	Carnivora	Mammalogie, In Encyclop. Meth. vol.2(Suppl.) p.538		auritus  (C. E. H. Smith, 1840); caffer Müller, 1836; lalandi (Desmoulins, 1823); steinhardti Zukowsky, 1924; canescens Cabrera, 1910.	Allopatric south and east African populations: Angola, Botswana, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Namibia, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Synonyms allocated according to G. M. Allen (1939) and Ellerman et al. (1953).	Bat-eared Fox
14000833	Otocyon megalotis subsp. megalotis	Desmarest 1822	SUBSPECIES		megalotis	megalotis		Otocyon	Canidae	Carnivora	Mammalogie, In Encyclop. Meth. vol.2(Suppl.) p.538						
14000809	Lycalopex gymnocercus	G. Fischer 1814	SPECIES			gymnocercus		Lycalopex	Canidae	Carnivora	Zoognosia vol.3 p.xi, p. 178		argenteus  (Larrañaga, 1923); attenuatus (Kraglievich, 1930); brasiliensis (Schinz, 1821); protalopex (Lund, 1839); antiquus (Ameghino, 1889); antiguus (Ameghino, 1889); azarai (Lahille, 1898); azarica (Thomas, 1914); fossilis (Gervais and Ameghino, 1880) [preoccupied]; domeykoanus (Philippi, 1901); azarae (Gay, 1847) [preoccupied]; domeycoanus (Wolffsohn, 1918); griseus (Wolffsohn and Porter, 1908); gracilis (Burmeister, 1861); patagonicus (Philippi, 1866); zorrula (Thomas, 1921); maullinicus (Philippi, 1903); torquatus (Philippi, 1903); trichodactylus (Philippi, 1903).	Argentina (north of Rio Negro), E Bolivia, S Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay.	CITES  Appendix II as Pseudalopex gymnocercus; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as P. gymnocercus.	Placed in Pseudalopex by Berta (1988) and in Dusicyon by Cabrera (1957). Considered in Canis (Pseudalopex) by Langguth (1975) and Van Gelder (1978). Synonyms allocated according to Zunino et al. (1995) and Cabrera (1957).	Pampas Fox
14000810	Lycalopex gymnocercus subsp. gymnocercus	G. Fischer 1814	SUBSPECIES		gymnocercus	gymnocercus		Lycalopex	Canidae	Carnivora	Zoognosia vol.3 p.xi, p. 178						
14000811	Lycalopex gymnocercus subsp. antiquus	Ameghino 1889	SUBSPECIES		antiquus	gymnocercus		Lycalopex	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000812	Lycalopex gymnocercus subsp. domeykoanus	Philippi 1901	SUBSPECIES		domeykoanus	gymnocercus		Lycalopex	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000813	Lycalopex gymnocercus subsp. gracilis	Burmeister 1861	SUBSPECIES		gracilis	gymnocercus		Lycalopex	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000814	Lycalopex gymnocercus subsp. maullinicus	Philippi 1903	SUBSPECIES		maullinicus	gymnocercus		Lycalopex	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000815	Lycalopex sechurae	Thomas 1900	SPECIES			sechurae		Lycalopex	Canidae	Carnivora	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.5 p.148			SW Ecuador, NW Peru.	IUCN  Data Deficient as Pseudalopex sechurae.	Placed in Pseudalopex by Berta (1988); in Dusicyon by Cabrera (1957). Considered in Canis (Pseudalopex) by Langguth (1975) and Van Gelder (1978).	Sechuran Fox
14000816	Lycalopex vetulus	Lund 1842	SPECIES			vetulus		Lycalopex	Canidae	Carnivora	K. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Naturv. Math. Afhandl. vol.9 p.4		chilensis  Gray, 1868; fulvicaudus (Lund, 1843); parvidens (Mivart, 1890); sladeni (Thomas, 1904); urostictus (Mivart, 1890); vitulus (Huber, 1925).	Brazil (highlands in the States of Mato Grosso, Goiás, Minas Gerais, Bahia, and Sao Paulo).	IUCN  Data Deficient as Pseudalopex vetulus.	Placed in Pseudalopex by Berta (1987, 1988); in Dusicyon (Lycalopex) by Cabrera (1957) and implied by Stains (1975); in Lycalopex by Langguth (1975); and considered in Canis (Lycalopex) by Van Gelder (1978).	Hoary Fox
14000817	Lycaon	Brookes 1827	GENUS					Lycaon	Canidae	Carnivora	In Griffith et al., Anim. Kingdom vol.5 p.151	Lycaon tricolor Brookes, 1827 (= Hyaena picta Temminck, 1820) by monotypy (Melville and Smith, 1987).	Cynhyaena  F. G. Cuvier, 1829; Hyaenoides Gervais, 1855; Hyenoides Boitard, 1842; Kynos Rüppell, 1842.			Placed in Simocyoninae Dawkins, 1868, by Simpson (1945) and Stains (1975). Reviewed by Girman et al. (2001).	
14000818	Lycaon pictus	Temminck 1820	SPECIES			pictus		Lycaon	Canidae	Carnivora	Ann. Gen. Sci. Phys. vol.3 p.p. 54, pl. 35		cacondae  Matschie, 1915; fuchsi Matschie, 1915; gobabis Matschie, 1915; krebsi Matschie, 1915; lalandei Matschie, 1915; tricolor (Brookes, 1827); typicus A. Smith, 1833; venatica (Burchell, 1822); windhorni Matschie, 1915; zuluensis Thomas, 1904; lupinus Thomas, 1902; dieseneri Matschie, 1915; gansseri Matschie, 1915; hennigi Matschie, 1915; huebneri Matschie, 1915; kondoae Matschie, 1915; lademanni Matschie, 1915; langheldi Matschie, 1915; prageri Matschie, 1912; richteri Matschie, 1915; ruwanae Matschie, 1915; ssongaeae Matschie, 1915; stierlingi Matschie, 1915; styxi Matschie, 1915; wintgensi Matschie, 1915; manguensis Matschie, 1915; mischlichi Matschie, 1915; sharicus Thomas and Wroughton, 1907; ebermaieri Matschie, 1915; somalicus Thomas, 1904; luchsingeri Matschie, 1915; rüppelli Matschie, 1915; takanus Matschie, 1915; zedlitzi Matschie, 1915.	Angola, Botswana, Cameroun, Central African Republic, Chad, Côte dIvoire (?), Ethiopia, Gambia (?), Guinea, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Moçambique, Namibia, Sénégal, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Recently extinct: Algeria (?), Benin, Burkina Faso (?), Burundi, Dem. Rep. Congo (?), Eritrea, Gabon, Ghana, Niger, Mauritania, Nigeria, Republic of Congo, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Togo (Fanshawe et al, 1997).	U. S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Endangered.	Allocated according to G. M. Allen (1939) and Ellerman et al. (1953). Girman et al. (1993) presented molecular evidence concerning subspecies.	African wild dog
14000819	Lycaon pictus subsp. pictus	Temminck 1820	SUBSPECIES		pictus	pictus		Lycaon	Canidae	Carnivora	Ann. Gen. Sci. Phys. vol.3 p.p. 54, pl. 35						
14000820	Lycaon pictus subsp. lupinus	Thomas 1902	SUBSPECIES		lupinus	pictus		Lycaon	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000822	Lycaon pictus subsp. sharicus	Thomas and Wroughton 1907	SUBSPECIES		sharicus	pictus		Lycaon	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000823	Lycaon pictus subsp. somalicus	Thomas 1904	SUBSPECIES		somalicus	pictus		Lycaon	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000824	Nyctereutes	Temminck 1838	GENUS					Nyctereutes	Canidae	Carnivora	Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. Physiol. vol.5 p.285	Canis viverrinus Temminck, 1838 (= Canis procyonoides Gray, 1834).					
14000830	Nyctereutes procyonoides subsp. viverrinus	Temminck 1838	SUBSPECIES		viverrinus	procyonoides		Nyctereutes	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000831	Otocyon	Müller 1835 "1836"	GENUS					Otocyon	Canidae	Carnivora	Arch. Anat. Physiol., Jahresber. Fortschr. Wiss. vol.1835 p.1	Otocyon caffer Müller, 1836 (= Canis megalotis Desmarest, 1822), by monotypy (Melville and Smith, 1987).	Agrodius  C. E. H. Smith, 1840.				
14000835	Speothos	Lund 1839	GENUS					Speothos	Canidae	Carnivora	Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. (Paris) (2) vol.11 p.224	Speothos pacivorus Lund, 1839 (extinct).	Abathmodon Lund, 1843; Cynalicus Gray, 1846; Cynalius Gray, 1847; Cynalycus Gray, 1869; Cynogale Lund, 1842; Icticyon Lund, 1843; Melictis Schinz, 1848.			Berta and Marshall (1978) included Icticyon. Placed in Simocyoninae Dawkins, 1868, by Simpson (1945) and Stains (1975). Synonyms allocated according to McKenna and Bell (1997).	
14000836	Speothos venaticus	Lund 1842	SPECIES			venaticus		Speothos	Canidae	Carnivora	K. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Naturv. Math. Afhandl vol.9 p.67		baskii  (Schinz, 1849); melanogaster (Gray, 1846); panamensis Goldman, 1912; wingei Ihering, 1911.	Forested areas of Bolivia, Brazil (except the semiarid NE), Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Panama, Paraguay, E Peru, Surinam, Venezuela.	CITES  Appendix I; IUCN  Vulnerable.	Synonyms allocated according to Cabrera (1957) and Hall (1981).	Bush Dog
14000837	Speothos venaticus subsp. venaticus	Lund 1842	SUBSPECIES		venaticus	venaticus		Speothos	Canidae	Carnivora	K. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Naturv. Math. Afhandl vol.9 p.67						
14000838	Speothos venaticus subsp. panamensis	Goldman 1912	SUBSPECIES		panamensis	venaticus		Speothos	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000839	Speothos venaticus subsp. wingei	Ihering 1911	SUBSPECIES		wingei	venaticus		Speothos	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000840	Urocyon	Baird 1857	GENUS					Urocyon	Canidae	Carnivora	Mammals, In Repts. Expl. Surv. vol.8 1 p.121, 138	Canis virginianus Schreber, 1775 (= Canis cinereo argenteus Schreber, 1775) by subsequent designation (Elliot, 1901; Melville and Smith, 1987).				Considered a subgenus of Vulpes by Clutton-Brock et al. (1976).	
14000895	Vulpes vulpes subsp. alascensis	Merriam 1900	SUBSPECIES		alascensis	vulpes		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000896	Vulpes vulpes subsp. alpherakyi	Satunin 1906	SUBSPECIES		alpherakyi	vulpes		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000897	Vulpes vulpes subsp. anatolica	Thomas 1920	SUBSPECIES		anatolica	vulpes		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000898	Vulpes vulpes subsp. arabica	Thomas 1902	SUBSPECIES		arabica	vulpes		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000841	Urocyon cinereoargenteus	Schreber 1775	SPECIES			cinereoargenteus		Urocyon	Canidae	Carnivora	Die Säugethiere vol.2 13 p.pl. 92[1775]; see also text: 21:361[1776]		pensylvanicus  (Boddaert, 1784); virginianus (Schreber, 1775); borealis Merriam, 1903; californicus Mearns, 1897; costaricensis Goodwin, 1938; floridanus Rhoads, 1895; fraterculus Elliot, 1896; furvus G. M. Allen and Barbour, 1923; guatemalae Miller, 1899; madrensis Burt and Hooper, 1941; nigrirostris (Lichtenstein, 1850); ocythous Bangs, 1899; orinomus Goldman, 1938; peninsularis Huey, 1928; scottii Mearns, 1891; texensis Mearns, 1897; inyoensis Elliot, 1904; townsendi Merriam, 1899; sequoiensis Dixon, 1910; venezuelae J. A. Allen, 1911.	Belize, Canada (along USA border); Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, USA (most states except Idaho, Washington, Montana, Wyoming), Venezuela.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Fritzell and Haroldson (1982). Placed in Canis (Vulpes) by Van Gelder (1978). Synonyms allocated according to Hall (1981) and Fritzell and Haroldson (1982).	Gray Fox
14000842	Urocyon cinereoargenteus subsp. cinereoargenteus	Schreber 1775	SUBSPECIES		cinereoargenteus	cinereoargenteus		Urocyon	Canidae	Carnivora	Die Säugethiere vol.2 13 p.pl. 92[1775]; see also text: 21:361[1776]						
14000843	Urocyon cinereoargenteus subsp. borealis	Merriam 1903	SUBSPECIES		borealis	cinereoargenteus		Urocyon	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000844	Urocyon cinereoargenteus subsp. californicus	Mearns 1897	SUBSPECIES		californicus	cinereoargenteus		Urocyon	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000845	Urocyon cinereoargenteus subsp. costaricensis	Goodwin 1938	SUBSPECIES		costaricensis	cinereoargenteus		Urocyon	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000846	Urocyon cinereoargenteus subsp. floridanus	Rhoads 1895	SUBSPECIES		floridanus	cinereoargenteus		Urocyon	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000847	Urocyon cinereoargenteus subsp. fraterculus	Elliot 1896	SUBSPECIES		fraterculus	cinereoargenteus		Urocyon	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000848	Urocyon cinereoargenteus subsp. furvus	G. M. Allen and Barbour 1923	SUBSPECIES		furvus	cinereoargenteus		Urocyon	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000849	Urocyon cinereoargenteus subsp. guatemalae	Miller 1899	SUBSPECIES		guatemalae	cinereoargenteus		Urocyon	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000850	Urocyon cinereoargenteus subsp. madrensis	Burt and Hooper 1941	SUBSPECIES		madrensis	cinereoargenteus		Urocyon	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000851	Urocyon cinereoargenteus subsp. nigrirostris	Lichtenstein 1850	SUBSPECIES		nigrirostris	cinereoargenteus		Urocyon	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000852	Urocyon cinereoargenteus subsp. ocythous	Bangs 1899	SUBSPECIES		ocythous	cinereoargenteus		Urocyon	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000853	Urocyon cinereoargenteus subsp. orinomus	Goldman 1938	SUBSPECIES		orinomus	cinereoargenteus		Urocyon	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000854	Urocyon cinereoargenteus subsp. peninsularis	Huey 1928	SUBSPECIES		peninsularis	cinereoargenteus		Urocyon	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000856	Urocyon cinereoargenteus subsp. townsendi	Merriam 1899	SUBSPECIES		townsendi	cinereoargenteus		Urocyon	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000857	Urocyon cinereoargenteus subsp. venezuelae	J. A. Allen 1911	SUBSPECIES		venezuelae	cinereoargenteus		Urocyon	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000858	Urocyon littoralis	Baird 1858	SPECIES			littoralis		Urocyon	Canidae	Carnivora	Mammalia, In Repts. U.S. Expl. Surv. vol.8 1 p.143		catalinae  Merriam, 1903; clementae Merriam, 1903; dickeyi Grinnell and Linsdale, 1930; santacruzae Merriam, 1903; santarosae Grinnell and Linsdale, 1930.	USA (Islands off the Pacific coast of S California).	U.S. ESA  Proposed Endangered as U. littoralis catalinae, U. l. littoralis, U. l. santacruzae, and U. l. santarosae; IUCN  Lower Risk (cd).	Reviewed by Moore and Collins, (1995). Placed in Canis (Vulpes) by Van Gelder (1978). Gilbert et al. (1990), George and Wayne (1991), Wayne et al. (1991a, b), and Collins (1993) supported full species status. Synonyms allocated according to Moore and Collins (1995).	Island Fox
14000859	Urocyon littoralis subsp. littoralis	Baird 1858	SUBSPECIES		littoralis	littoralis		Urocyon	Canidae	Carnivora	Mammalia, In Repts. U.S. Expl. Surv. vol.8 1 p.143						
14000860	Urocyon littoralis subsp. catalinae	Merriam 1903	SUBSPECIES		catalinae	littoralis		Urocyon	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000861	Urocyon littoralis subsp. clementae	Merriam 1903	SUBSPECIES		clementae	littoralis		Urocyon	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000862	Urocyon littoralis subsp. dickeyi	Grinnell and Linsdale 1930	SUBSPECIES		dickeyi	littoralis		Urocyon	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000863	Urocyon littoralis subsp. santacruzae	Merriam 1903	SUBSPECIES		santacruzae	littoralis		Urocyon	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000864	Urocyon littoralis subsp. santarosae	Grinnell and Linsdale 1930	SUBSPECIES		santarosae	littoralis		Urocyon	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000899	Vulpes vulpes subsp. atlantica	Wagner 1841	SUBSPECIES		atlantica	vulpes		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000900	Vulpes vulpes subsp. bangsi	Merriam 1900	SUBSPECIES		bangsi	vulpes		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000865	Vulpes	Frisch 1775	GENUS					Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora	Das Natur-System der Vierfüssigen Thiere p.15	Canis vulpes Linnaeus, 1758, by designation under the plenary powers (Melville and Smith, 1978).	Alopex Kaup, 1829; Cynalopex C. E. H. Smith, 1839; Fennecus Desmarest, 1804; Leucocyon Gray, 1869; Mamvulpesus Herrera, 1899; Megalotis Illiger, 1811; Vulpis Gray, 1821.			Although Frisch (1775) has been ruled a rejected work for nomenclatural purposes, Vulpes has been retained (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1979). Considered a subgenus of Canis by Van Gelder (1978); however, this arrangement is not currently employed by most mammalogists (Corbet, 1978; Corbet and Hill, 1980; Gromov and Baranova, 1981; Hall, 1981; Wozencraft, 1989). McKenna and Bell (1997) included Fennecus and Alopex as congeneric taxa (followed here). Bobrinskii et al. (1965), McKenna and Bell (1997) and Bininda-Emonds et al. (1999) placed Alopex as a subgenus of Vulpes; Van Gelder (1978) considered it a subgenus of Canis. Wayne et al. (1987), Wayne and OBrien (1987), and Mercure et al. (1993) argued for the inclusion of Alopex with other Vulpes. Synonyms allocated after McKenna and Bell (1997).	
14000866	Vulpes bengalensis	Shaw 1800	SPECIES			bengalensis		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora	Gen. Zool. Syst. Nat. Hist. vol.1 2 p.330		chrysurus (Gray, 1837); hodgsonii Gray, 1837; indicus (Hodgson, 1833); kokree (Sykes, 1831); rufescens (Gray, 1834); xanthura Gray, 1837.	India, S Nepal, Pakistan.	CITES  Appendix III (India); IUCN  Data Deficient.	Synonyms allocated according to Pocock (1941a).	Bengal Fox
14000867	Vulpes cana	Blanford 1877	SPECIES			cana		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.2 p.321		nigricans Shitkow, 1907.	Afghanistan, Egypt (Sinai), NE Iran, Israel, Oman, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient.	Reviewed by Geffen (1994).	Blanford's Fox
14000868	Vulpes chama	A. Smith 1833	SPECIES			chama		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora	S. Afr. J. vol.2 p.89		caama (C. E. H. Smith, 1839); hodsoni (Noack, 1910); variegatoides (Layard, 1861).	S Angola, Botswana, Namibia, South Africa.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Synonyms allocated according to Ellerman et al. (1953).	Cape Fox
14000869	Vulpes corsac	Linnaeus 1768	SPECIES			corsac		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 12th ed. vol.3 p.appendix 223		corsak Ognev, 1935; nigra Kastschenko, 1912; skorodumovi Dorogostaiski, 1935; kalmykorum Ognev, 1935; turcmenicus Ognev, 1935.	N Afghanistan, NE China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russia.	IUCN  Data Deficient.	Synonyms allocated according to Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951).	Corsac Fox
14000870	Vulpes corsac subsp. corsac	Linnaeus 1768	SUBSPECIES		corsac	corsac		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 12th ed. vol.3 p.appendix 223						
14000871	Vulpes corsac subsp. kalmykorum	Ognev 1935	SUBSPECIES		kalmykorum	corsac		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000887	Vulpes rueppellii subsp. caesia	Thomas and Hinton 1921	SUBSPECIES		caesia	rueppellii		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000872	Vulpes ferrilata	Hodgson 1842	SPECIES			ferrilata		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.11 p.278		ekloni (Przewalski, 1883).	China (Tibet, Tsinghai, Kansu, and Yunnan), Nepal.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Baryshnikov and Abramov (1992) discussed the taxonomic position of "ekloni".	Tibetan Sand Fox
14000873	Vulpes lagopus	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			lagopus		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.40		arctica  Oken, 1816; argenteus (Billberg, 1827); caerulea (Nilsson, 1820); hallensis Merriam, 1900; innuitus Merriam, 1902; kenaiensis (Brass, 1911); typicus (Barrett-Hamilton and Bonhote, 1898); ungava Merriam, 1902; beringensis Merriam, 1902; beringianus (Cherski, 1920); semenovi (Ognev, 1931); fuliginosus (Bechstein, 1799); groenlandicus (Bechstein, 1799); spitzbergenensis (Barrett-Hamilton and Bonhote, 1898); pribilofensis Merriam, 1902; .	Circumpolar, entire tundra zone of the Holarctic, including most of the Arctic islands: Canada, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Russia, Sweden, USA (Alaska).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Alopex lagopus.	Viable hybrids have been recorded between V. lagopus and V. vulpes (Chiarelli, 1975). Synonyms allocated according to Audet, et al. (2002).	Arctic Fox
14000874	Vulpes lagopus subsp. lagopus	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		lagopus	lagopus		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.40						
14000875	Vulpes lagopus subsp. beringensis	Merriam 1902	SUBSPECIES		beringensis	lagopus		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000876	Vulpes lagopus subsp. fuliginosus	Bechstein 1799	SUBSPECIES		fuliginosus	lagopus		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000877	Vulpes lagopus subsp. pribilofensis	Merriam 1902	SUBSPECIES		pribilofensis	lagopus		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000901	Vulpes vulpes subsp. barbara	Shaw 1800	SUBSPECIES		barbara	vulpes		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000902	Vulpes vulpes subsp. beringiana	Middendorff 1875	SUBSPECIES		beringiana	vulpes		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000903	Vulpes vulpes subsp. cascadensis	Merriam 1900	SUBSPECIES		cascadensis	vulpes		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000904	Vulpes vulpes subsp. caucasica	Dinnik 1914	SUBSPECIES		caucasica	vulpes		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000878	Vulpes macrotis	Merriam 1888	SPECIES			macrotis		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.4 p.136		arizonensis Goldman, 1931; arsipus Elliot, 1904; devius Nelson and Goldman, 1909; muticus Merriam, 1902; neomexicanus Merriam, 1902; nevadensis Goldman, 1931; tenuirostris Nelson and Goldman, 1931; zinseri Benson, 1938.	USA (S and C California, Nevada, SE Oregon, SW Idaho, W Utah, Arizona, New Mexico and W Texas).	U.S. ESA  Endangered as V. macrotis mutica.	Reviewed by Egoscue (1979) and McGrew (1979). Revised by Waithman and Roest (1977) and Dragoo et al. (1990). Blair et al. (1968), Lechleitner (1969), Bueler (1973), and Dragoo et al. (1990) considered macrotis and velox conspecific. Packard and Bowers (1970), Rohwer and Kilgore (1973), Thornton and Creel (1975) (who found hybrids between velox and macrotis but concluded they were of reduced viability) and Mercure et al. (1993) retained both as separate species. Mercure et al. (1993) argued that the genetic differences between macrotis and velox were similar to that of Vulpes vulpes and V. lagopus and therefore argued that they should be recognized at the species level (followed here). Synonyms allocated according to Mercure et al. (1993).	Kit Fox
14000879	Vulpes pallida	Cretzschmar 1826	SPECIES			pallida		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora	In Rüppell, Atlas Reise Nordl. Afr., Zool. Säugeth. vol.1 2 p.33, pl. 11		sabbar (Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1832); cyrenaica Festa, 1921; edwardsi Rochebrune, 1883; harterti Thomas and Hinton, 1921; oertzeni (Matschie, 1910).	Semiarid sahelian region of Africa: Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Somalia, Sudan.	IUCN  Data Deficient.	Synonyms allocated according to G. M. Allen (1939).	Pale Fox
14000880	Vulpes pallida subsp. pallida	Cretzschmar 1826	SUBSPECIES		pallida	pallida		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora	In Rüppell, Atlas Reise Nordl. Afr., Zool. Säugeth. vol.1 2 p.33, pl. 11						
14000881	Vulpes pallida subsp. cyrenaica	Festa 1921	SUBSPECIES		cyrenaica	pallida		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000882	Vulpes pallida subsp. edwardsi	Rochebrune 1883	SUBSPECIES		edwardsi	pallida		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000883	Vulpes pallida subsp. harterti	Thomas and Hinton 1921	SUBSPECIES		harterti	pallida		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000884	Vulpes pallida subsp. oertzeni	Matschie 1910	SUBSPECIES		oertzeni	pallida		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000885	Vulpes rueppellii	Schinz 1825	SPECIES			rueppellii		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora	In G. Cuvier, Das Thierreich vol.4 p.508		famelicus (Cretzschmar, 1826); somalize Thomas, 1918; caesia Thomas and Hinton, 1921; cyrenaica Festa, 1921; sabaea Pocock, 1934; zarudnyi Birula, 1913.	Afghanistan, Egypt (Sinai), Iran, Morocco, Pakistan, Saudia Arabia, Somalia.	IUCN  Data Deficient.	Synonyms allocated according to G. M. Allen (1939), Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), and Larivière and Seddon (2001).	Rüppell's Fox
14000886	Vulpes rueppellii subsp. rueppellii	Schinz 1825	SUBSPECIES		rueppellii	rueppellii		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora	In G. Cuvier, Das Thierreich vol.4 p.508						
14000888	Vulpes rueppellii subsp. cyrenaica	Festa 1921	SUBSPECIES		cyrenaica	rueppellii		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000889	Vulpes rueppellii subsp. sabaea	Pocock 1934	SUBSPECIES		sabaea	rueppellii		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000890	Vulpes rueppellii subsp. zarudnyi	Birula 1913	SUBSPECIES		zarudnyi	rueppellii		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000891	Vulpes velox	Say 1823	SPECIES			velox		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora	In James, Account of an Exped. from Pittsburgh to the Rocky Mtns vol.1 p.487		hebes Merriam, 1902.	Canada (SE British Columbia, SC Alberta and SW Saskatchewan), USA (C North America to NW Texas panhandle and E New Mexico).	U.S. ESA  Endangered as V. velox hebes (Canada); IUCN  Lower Risk (cd).	See comments under V. macrotis for the separation of macrotis and velox as followed here.	Swift Fox
14000892	Vulpes vulpes	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			vulpes		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.40		alopex (Linnaeus, 1758); communis Burnett, 1829; lineatus (Billberg, 1827); nigro-argenteus (Nilsson, 1820); nigrocaudatus (Billberg, 1827); septentrionalis Brass, 1911; variegates (Billberg, 1827); vulgaris Oken, 1816; abietorum Merriam, 1900; sitkaensis Brass, 1911; alascensis Merriam, 1900; alpherakyi Satunin, 1906; anatolica Thomas, 1920; arabica Thomas, 1902; atlantica (Wagner, 1841); algeriensis Loche, 1858; bangsi Merriam, 1900; barbara (Shaw, 1800); acaab Cabrera, 1916; beringiana (Middendorff, 1875); anadyrensis J. A. Allen, 1903; beringensis Merriam, 1902; kamtschadensis Brass, 1911; kamtschatica Dybowski, 1922; schantaricus Yudin, 1986; cascadensis Merriam, 1900; caucasica Dinnik, 1914; crucigera (Bechstein, 1789); alba (Borkhausen, 1797); cinera (Bechstein, 1801); diluta Ognev, 1924; europaeus (Kerr, 1792); hellenica Douma-Petridou and Ondrias, 1980; hypomelas Wagner, 1841; lutea (Bechstein, 1801); melanogaster (Bonaparte, 1832); meridionalis Fitzinger, 1855; nigra (Borkhausen, 1797); stepensis Brauner, 1914; daurica Ognev, 1931; ussuriensis Dybowski, 1922; deletrix Bangs, 1898; dolichocrania Ognev, 1926; ognevi Yudin, 1986; dorsalis (J. E. Gray, 1838); flavescens J. E. Gray, 1843; cinerascens Birula, 1913; splendens Thomas, 1902; fulvus (Desmarest, 1820); pennsylvanicus [sic] Rhoads, 1894; griffithi Blyth, 1854; flavescens Hutton, 1845 [preoccupied]; harrimani Merriam, 1900; hoole Swinhoe, 1870; aurantioluteus Matschie, 1907; lineiventer Swinhoe, 1871; ichnusae Miller, 1907; indutus Miller, 1907; jakutensis Ognev, 1923; sibiricus Dybowski, 1922 [nomen nudum]; japonica J. E. Gray, 1868; karagan (Erxleben, 1777); ferganensis Ognev, 1926; melanotus (Pallas, 1811); pamirensis Ognev, 1926; tarimensis Matschie, 1907; kenaiensis Merriam, 1900; kurdistanica Satunin, 1906; alticola Ognev, 1926; macroura Baird, 1852; montana (Pearson, 1836); alopex Blanford, 1888; himalaicus (Ogilby, 1837); ladacensis Matschie, 1907; nepalensis J. E. Gray, 1837; waddelli Bonhote, 1906; necator Merriam, 1900; niloticus (E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803); aegyptiacus (Sonnini, 1816); anubis (Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1833); vulpecula (Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1833); ochroxantha Ognev, 1926; palaestina Thomas, 1920; peculiosa Kishida, 1924; kiyomassai Kishida and Mori, 1929; pusilla Blyth, 1854; leucopus Blyth, 1854; persicus Blanford, 1875; regalis Merriam, 1900; rubricosa Bangs, 1898; bangsi Merriam, 1900; deletrix Bangs, 1898; rubricos Churcher, 1960; vafra Bangs, 1897 [preoccupied]; schrenckii Kishida, 1924; silacea Miller, 1907; splendidissima Kishida, 1924; stepensis Brauner, 1914; krymeamontana Brauner, 1914; crymensis Brauner, 1914; tobolica Ognev, 1926; tschiliensis Matschie, 1907; huli Sowerby, 1923.	Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Bhutan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, France, Geogria, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, Nepal, Netherlands, North and South Korea, Norway, Pakistan, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, USA (Alaska, throughout most of the contiguous 48 states except central plains and SW deserts), Uzbekistan, Vietnam. Introduced to Australia (Corbet and Hill, 1980)	CITES  Appendix III (India) as V. vulpes griffithi, V. v. montana and V. v. pusilla; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Larivière and Pasitschniak (1996). Synonyms allocated according to Larivière and Pasitschniak (1996).	Red Fox
14000893	Vulpes vulpes subsp. vulpes	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		vulpes	vulpes		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.40						
14000894	Vulpes vulpes subsp. abietorum	Merriam 1900	SUBSPECIES		abietorum	vulpes		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000905	Vulpes vulpes subsp. crucigera	Bechstein 1789	SUBSPECIES		crucigera	vulpes		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000906	Vulpes vulpes subsp. daurica	Ognev 1931	SUBSPECIES		daurica	vulpes		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000907	Vulpes vulpes subsp. deletrix	Bangs 1898	SUBSPECIES		deletrix	vulpes		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000908	Vulpes vulpes subsp. dolichocrania	Ognev 1926	SUBSPECIES		dolichocrania	vulpes		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000909	Vulpes vulpes subsp. dorsalis	J. E. Gray 1838	SUBSPECIES		dorsalis	vulpes		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000910	Vulpes vulpes subsp. flavescens	J. E. Gray 1843	SUBSPECIES		flavescens	vulpes		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000911	Vulpes vulpes subsp. fulvus	Desmarest 1820	SUBSPECIES		fulvus	vulpes		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000912	Vulpes vulpes subsp. griffithi	Blyth 1854	SUBSPECIES		griffithi	vulpes		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000913	Vulpes vulpes subsp. harrimani	Merriam 1900	SUBSPECIES		harrimani	vulpes		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000914	Vulpes vulpes subsp. hoole	Swinhoe 1870	SUBSPECIES		hoole	vulpes		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000915	Vulpes vulpes subsp. ichnusae	Miller 1907	SUBSPECIES		ichnusae	vulpes		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000916	Vulpes vulpes subsp. indutus	Miller 1907	SUBSPECIES		indutus	vulpes		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000917	Vulpes vulpes subsp. jakutensis	Ognev 1923	SUBSPECIES		jakutensis	vulpes		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000918	Vulpes vulpes subsp. japonica	J. E. Gray 1868	SUBSPECIES		japonica	vulpes		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000919	Vulpes vulpes subsp. karagan	Erxleben 1777	SUBSPECIES		karagan	vulpes		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000920	Vulpes vulpes subsp. kenaiensis	Merriam 1900	SUBSPECIES		kenaiensis	vulpes		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000921	Vulpes vulpes subsp. kurdistanica	Satunin 1906	SUBSPECIES		kurdistanica	vulpes		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000922	Vulpes vulpes subsp. macroura	Baird 1852	SUBSPECIES		macroura	vulpes		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000923	Vulpes vulpes subsp. montana	Pearson 1836	SUBSPECIES		montana	vulpes		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000924	Vulpes vulpes subsp. necator	Merriam 1900	SUBSPECIES		necator	vulpes		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000925	Vulpes vulpes subsp. niloticus	E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1803	SUBSPECIES		niloticus	vulpes		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000926	Vulpes vulpes subsp. ochroxantha	Ognev 1926	SUBSPECIES		ochroxantha	vulpes		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000927	Vulpes vulpes subsp. palaestina	Thomas 1920	SUBSPECIES		palaestina	vulpes		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000928	Vulpes vulpes subsp. peculiosa	Kishida 1924	SUBSPECIES		peculiosa	vulpes		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000929	Vulpes vulpes subsp. pusilla	Blyth 1854	SUBSPECIES		pusilla	vulpes		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000930	Vulpes vulpes subsp. regalis	Merriam 1900	SUBSPECIES		regalis	vulpes		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000931	Vulpes vulpes subsp. rubricosa	Bangs 1898	SUBSPECIES		rubricosa	vulpes		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000932	Vulpes vulpes subsp. schrenckii	Kishida 1924	SUBSPECIES		schrenckii	vulpes		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000933	Vulpes vulpes subsp. silacea	Miller 1907	SUBSPECIES		silacea	vulpes		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000934	Vulpes vulpes subsp. splendidissima	Kishida 1924	SUBSPECIES		splendidissima	vulpes		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000935	Vulpes vulpes subsp. stepensis	Brauner 1914	SUBSPECIES		stepensis	vulpes		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000936	Vulpes vulpes subsp. tobolica	Ognev 1926	SUBSPECIES		tobolica	vulpes		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000937	Vulpes vulpes subsp. tschiliensis	Matschie 1907	SUBSPECIES		tschiliensis	vulpes		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora							
14000938	Vulpes zerda	Zimmermann 1780	SPECIES			zerda		Vulpes	Canidae	Carnivora	Geogr. Gesch. Mensch. Vierf. Thiere vol.2 p.247		arabicus (Desmarest, 1804); aurita (F. A. A. Meyer, 1793); brucei (Desmarest, 1820); cerda (Illiger, 1811); cerdo (Gmelin, 1788); denhamii Boitard, 1842; fennecus (Lesson, 1827); saarensis Skjoldebrand, 1777[suppressed, ICZN, O. 1129]; zaarensis Gray, 1843.	Chad, Egypt, Kuwait, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Saudia Arabia, Sudan, Tunisia.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient.	Reviewed by Larivière (2002a) who did not recognize subspecies. Placed in Fennecus by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) and Stains (1975).	Fennec Fox
14001225	Martes flavigula subsp. peninsularis	Bonhote 1901	SUBSPECIES		peninsularis	flavigula		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14000939	Ursidae	Fischer de Waldheim 1817	FAMILY						Ursidae	Carnivora	Mém. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscow vol.5 p.372		Ailuropodidae  Pocock, 1916; Ursinidae Gray, 1821.			Ailuropoda has been placed in a separate family by some; however, morphological and molecular evidence strongly supports the placement of Ailuropoda in this family (Chorn and Hoffmann, 1978; Davis, 1964; Sarich, 1973, 1976; Mayr, 1986; Goldman et al., 1989; Hendey, 1980a, b; O'Brien et al., 1985; Wozencraft, 1989a). Thenius (1979) placed Ailuropoda in the monotypic family Ailuropodidae. Morphological studies have supported the monophyly of three subfamilies (Hendey, 1980; Kurtén, 1966; Thenius, 1979), although this has not been corroborated by a recent molecular approach (Goldman et al. 1989). Subfamilies are not recognized here. Synonyms allocated according to McKenna and Bell (1997).	
14000940	Ailuropoda	Milne-Edwards 1870	GENUS					Ailuropoda	Ursidae	Carnivora	Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. (Paris), ser. 5 vol.13 10 p.1	Ursus melanoleucus David, 1869, by monotypy.	Aeluropus  Lydekker, 1891; Ailuropus Milne-Edwards, 1871; Pandarctos Gervais, 1870.			Revised by Davis (1964) and Hendey (1980b). Reviewed by Chorn and Hoffmann (1978).	
14000941	Ailuropoda melanoleuca	David 1869	SPECIES			melanoleuca		Ailuropoda	Ursidae	Carnivora	Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, Bull. vol.5 p.13-Dec			China (Sichuan, Shensi, Gansu; perhaps Qinghai, on E edge of Tibetan plateau).	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Endangered.	Regarded by Hendey (1980a, b) as the only surviving species in the subfamily Agriotheriinae. Placed in the monotypic family Ailuropodidae by Thenius (1979). Reviewed by Chorn and Hoffmann (1978).	Giant Panda
14001121	Lutra lutra subsp. monticolus	Hodgson 1839	SUBSPECIES		monticolus	lutra		Lutra	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001314	Melogale moschata subsp. subaurantiaca	Swinhoe 1862	SUBSPECIES		subaurantiaca	moschata		Melogale	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14000942	Helarctos	Horsfield 1825	GENUS					Helarctos	Ursidae	Carnivora	Zool. J. vol.2 6 p.221	Helarctos euryspilus Horsfield, 1825 (= Ursus malayanus by Raffles, 1821, by original designation (Melville and Smith, 1987).	Helarctus Gloger, 1841.			Revised by Pocock (1932b). Van Gelder (1977b) placed Helarctos in Melursus. Pocock (1941a) and Bininda-Emonds et al. (1999) suggested a close relationship between M. ursinus and H. malayanus; however, this was not supported by Goldman et al. (1989).	
14000943	Helarctos malayanus	Raffles 1821	SPECIES			malayanus		Helarctos	Ursidae	Carnivora	Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol.13 p.254		annamiticus Heude, 1901; wardi (Lydekker, 1906); euryspilus Horsfield, 1825	Burma, China (Yunnan), India, Indonesia (Sumatra, Kalimantan), Kampuchea, Laos, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam.	CITES  Appendix I; IUCN  Data Deficient.	Reviewed by Fitzgerald and Krausman (2002). Synonyms allocated according to Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951).	Sun bear
14000944	Helarctos malayanus subsp. malayanus	Raffles 1821	SUBSPECIES		malayanus	malayanus		Helarctos	Ursidae	Carnivora	Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol.13 p.254						
14000945	Helarctos malayanus subsp. euryspilus	Horsfield 1825	SUBSPECIES		euryspilus	malayanus		Helarctos	Ursidae	Carnivora							
14000946	Melursus	Meyer 1793	GENUS					Melursus	Ursidae	Carnivora	Zool. Entdeck. p.155-160	Melursus lybius Meyer, 1793 (= Bradypus ursinus Shaw, 1791), by monotypy (Melville and Smith, 1987).	Arceus  Goldfuss, 1809; Chondrorhynchus Fischer de Waldheim, 1814; Prochilus Illiger, 1811; Prochylus Gray, 1821.			Revised by Pocock (1932b). See comments under Helarctos concerning the relationship between these taxa. Synonyms allocated according to McKenna and Bell (1997).	
14000947	Melursus ursinus	Shaw 1791	SPECIES			ursinus		Melursus	Ursidae	Carnivora	Nat. Misc. vol.2 p.(unpaginated) pl. 58		labiatus  (de Blainville, 1817); longirostris (Tiedemann, 1820); lybius Meyer, 1793; niger (Goldfuss, 1809); inornatus Pucheran, 1855.	India (north to the Indian desert and to the foothills of the Himalayas), Sri Lanka.	CITES  Appendix I; IUCN  Vulnerable.	Synonyms allocated according to Pocock (1941a).	Sloth Bear
14000948	Melursus ursinus subsp. ursinus	Shaw 1791	SUBSPECIES		ursinus	ursinus		Melursus	Ursidae	Carnivora	Nat. Misc. vol.2 p.(unpaginated) pl. 58						
14000949	Melursus ursinus subsp. inornatus	Pucheran 1855	SUBSPECIES		inornatus	ursinus		Melursus	Ursidae	Carnivora							
14000950	Tremarctos	Gervais 1855	GENUS					Tremarctos	Ursidae	Carnivora	Hist. Nat. Mammifères vol.2 p.20	Ursus ornatus F. G. Cuvier, 1825.	Nearctos  Gray, 1873.				
14000951	Tremarctos ornatus	F. G. Cuvier 1825	SPECIES			ornatus		Tremarctos	Ursidae	Carnivora	In E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and F. G. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mammifères, pt. 3 vol.5 50 p."Ours des cordiliéres du Chili," 2 pp.		frugilegus  (Tschudi, 1844); lasallei Maria, 1924; majori Thomas, 1902; nasutus (Sclater, 1868); thomasi (Hornaday, 1911).	Mountainous regions of W Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama (?), Peru, W Venezuela.	CITES  Appendix I; IUCN  Vulnerable.	Some authors have considered this genus as the only extent member of the subfamily Tremarctinae (Thenius, 1976).	Spectacled Bear
14000989	Ursus thibetanus subsp. thibetanus	G.[Baron] Cuvier 1823	SUBSPECIES		thibetanus	thibetanus		Ursus	Ursidae	Carnivora	Rech. Oss. Foss., Nouv. ed. vol.4 p.325						
14000990	Ursus thibetanus subsp. formosanus	Swinhoe 1864	SUBSPECIES		formosanus	thibetanus		Ursus	Ursidae	Carnivora							
14000991	Ursus thibetanus subsp. gedrosianus	Blanford 1877	SUBSPECIES		gedrosianus	thibetanus		Ursus	Ursidae	Carnivora							
14000992	Ursus thibetanus subsp. japonicus	Schlegel 1857	SUBSPECIES		japonicus	thibetanus		Ursus	Ursidae	Carnivora							
14000952	Ursus	Linnaeus 1758	GENUS					Ursus	Ursidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.47	Ursus arctos Linnaeus, 1758, by tautonymy (Melville and Smith, 1987).	Arcticonus  Pocock, 1917; Danis J. E. Gray, 1825; Euarctos Gray, 1864; Mamursus Herrera, 1899; Melanarctos Heude, 1898; Mylarctos Lönnberg, 1923; Myrmarctos J. E. Gray, 1864; Selenarctos Heude, 1901; Thalassarctos J. E. Gray, 1825; Thalassarctus Gloger, 1841; Thalassiarchus Kobelt, 1896; Ursarctos Heude, 1898; Ursulus Kretzoi, 1954; Vetularctos Merriam, 1918.			The close relationship of the four species included herein has been generally recognized by morphological and molecular studies (Goldman et al., 1989; Hendey, 1980a; Kurtén and Anderson, 1980; Shields and Kocher, 1991). Allen (1938) proposed a close relationship between thibetanus and americanus. Thenius (1953), Goldman et al. (1989), and Shields and Kocher (1991) gave support to the monophyly of arctos with maritimus. Synonyms allocated according to McKenna and Bell (1997).	
14001007	Arctocephalus tropicalis	J. E. Gray 1872	SPECIES			tropicalis		Arctocephalus	Otariidae	Carnivora	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1872 p.653, 659		elegans  Peters, 1876.	Islands north of Antarctic Convergence (Tristan, Gough, Marion, Crozet, Amsterdam, Macquarie Isls).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Subantarctic Fur Seal
14001274	Martes zibellina subsp. yeniseensis	Ognev 1925	SUBSPECIES		yeniseensis	zibellina		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14000953	Ursus americanus	Pallas 1780	SPECIES			americanus		Ursus	Ursidae	Carnivora	Spicil. Zool. vol.14 p.5		hunteri  Anderson, 1945; randi Anderson, 1945; schwenki Shoemaker, 1913; sornborgeri Bangs, 1898; altifrontalis Elliot, 1903; amblyceps Baird, 1859; californiensis Miller, 1900; carlottae Osgood, 1901; cinnamomum Audubon and Bachman, 1854; emmonsii Dall, 1895; glacilis Kells, 1897; eremicus Merriam, 1904; floridanus Merriam, 1896; hamiltoni Cameron, 1957; kermodei Hornaday, 1905; luteolus Griffith, 1821; machetes Elliot, 1903; perniger J. A. Allen, 1910; kenaiensis J. A. Allen, 1910; pugnax Swarth, 1911; vancouveri Hall, 1928.	Canada, Mexico (N Nayarit and S Tamaulipas), USA.	CITES  Appendix II; U.S. ESA  Threatened as U. americanus luteolus; all other subspecies  Similarity of Appearance to a Threatened Species; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Larivière (2001b). Synonyms allocated according to Hall (1981) and Larivière (2001b).	American Black Bear
14000954	Ursus americanus subsp. americanus	Pallas 1780	SUBSPECIES		americanus	americanus		Ursus	Ursidae	Carnivora	Spicil. Zool. vol.14 p.5						
14000955	Ursus americanus subsp. altifrontalis	Elliot 1903	SUBSPECIES		altifrontalis	americanus		Ursus	Ursidae	Carnivora							
14000956	Ursus americanus subsp. amblyceps	Baird 1859	SUBSPECIES		amblyceps	americanus		Ursus	Ursidae	Carnivora							
14000957	Ursus americanus subsp. californiensis	Miller 1900	SUBSPECIES		californiensis	americanus		Ursus	Ursidae	Carnivora							
14000958	Ursus americanus subsp. carlottae	Osgood 1901	SUBSPECIES		carlottae	americanus		Ursus	Ursidae	Carnivora							
14000959	Ursus americanus subsp. cinnamomum	Audubon and Bachman 1854	SUBSPECIES		cinnamomum	americanus		Ursus	Ursidae	Carnivora							
14000960	Ursus americanus subsp. emmonsii	Dall 1895	SUBSPECIES		emmonsii	americanus		Ursus	Ursidae	Carnivora							
14000961	Ursus americanus subsp. eremicus	Merriam 1904	SUBSPECIES		eremicus	americanus		Ursus	Ursidae	Carnivora							
14000962	Ursus americanus subsp. floridanus	Merriam 1896	SUBSPECIES		floridanus	americanus		Ursus	Ursidae	Carnivora							
14000963	Ursus americanus subsp. hamiltoni	Cameron 1957	SUBSPECIES		hamiltoni	americanus		Ursus	Ursidae	Carnivora							
14000964	Ursus americanus subsp. kermodei	Hornaday 1905	SUBSPECIES		kermodei	americanus		Ursus	Ursidae	Carnivora							
14000965	Ursus americanus subsp. luteolus	Griffith 1821	SUBSPECIES		luteolus	americanus		Ursus	Ursidae	Carnivora							
14000966	Ursus americanus subsp. machetes	Elliot 1903	SUBSPECIES		machetes	americanus		Ursus	Ursidae	Carnivora							
14000967	Ursus americanus subsp. perniger	J. A. Allen 1910	SUBSPECIES		perniger	americanus		Ursus	Ursidae	Carnivora							
14000968	Ursus americanus subsp. pugnax	Swarth 1911	SUBSPECIES		pugnax	americanus		Ursus	Ursidae	Carnivora							
14000969	Ursus americanus subsp. vancouveri	Hall 1928	SUBSPECIES		vancouveri	americanus		Ursus	Ursidae	Carnivora							
14000993	Ursus thibetanus subsp. laniger	Pocock 1932	SUBSPECIES		laniger	thibetanus		Ursus	Ursidae	Carnivora							
14000994	Ursus thibetanus subsp. mupinensis	Heude 1901	SUBSPECIES		mupinensis	thibetanus		Ursus	Ursidae	Carnivora							
14000995	Ursus thibetanus subsp. ussuricus	Heude 1901	SUBSPECIES		ussuricus	thibetanus		Ursus	Ursidae	Carnivora							
14001006	Arctocephalus townsendi	Merriam 1897	SPECIES			townsendi		Arctocephalus	Otariidae	Carnivora	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.11 p.175			Mexico (Guadalupe Isl), USA (Channel Isls).	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Threatened; IUCN  Vulnerable.	Reviewed by Belcher and Lee (2002). Formerly included in Arctophoca; see Repenning et al. (1971). Considered conspecific with philippii by Scheffer (1958).	Guadalupe Fur Seal
14001226	Martes flavigula subsp. robinsoni	Pocock 1936	SUBSPECIES		robinsoni	flavigula		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001008	Callorhinus	J. E. Gray 1859	GENUS					Callorhinus	Otariidae	Carnivora	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1859 p.359	Arctocephalus ursinus Gray, 1859 (= Phoca ursina Linnaeus, 1758), by original designation (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 2000).	Callirhinus J. E. Gray, 1859; Callorhynchus Greve, 1896; Callotaria Palmer, 1892; Otaria Péron, 1816; Otoes G. Fischer, 1817; Phoca Linnaeus, 1758.			Synonyms allocated according to McKenna and Bell (1997), and Gardner and Robbins (1998).	
14001333	Mustela altaica subsp. temon	Hodgson 1857	SUBSPECIES		temon	altaica		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001364	Mustela erminea subsp. ricinae	Miller 1907	SUBSPECIES		ricinae	erminea		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14000996	Otariidae	Gray 1825	FAMILY						Otariidae	Carnivora	Ann. Philos., n.s. vol.10 p.340		Arctocephalina Gray, 1837; Callorhinae Muizon, 1978; Callorhinina Gray, 1869; Eumetopiina Gray, 1869; Gypsophocina Gray, 1874; Otariadae Brookes, 1828; Otariarina J. E. Gray, 1843; Otarioidea Smirnov, 1908; Ouliphocacae J. A. Allen, 1880; Ouliphocinae J. A. Allen, 1870; Trichiphocinae J. A. Allen, 1870; Trichophocacae J. A. Allen, 1880; Zalophina Gray, 1869.			Reviewed by Allen (1880, 1892), Repenning et al. (1971), Mitchell and Tedford (1973), King (1983), Berta and Deméré (1986), Barnes (1989) and Wynen et al. (2001). Does not include Odobenus, which was included in a monotypic subfamily (Odobeninae within Otariidae) by Mitchell and Tedford (1973), Tedford (1976), Hall (1981), Barnes (1989), and Wozencraft (1989a, b); however, see Wyss (1987) and Berta (1991). Berta and Deméré (1986) separated Arctocephalus and Callorhinus into the Arctocephalinae. Repenning et al. (1971), Repenning and Tedford (1977), and Wynen et al. (2001) argued against the recognition of subfamilies. Distributional information for species based on Rice (1998).	
14001010	Eumetopias	Gill 1866	GENUS					Eumetopias	Otariidae	Carnivora	Proc. Essex Inst. Salem vol.5 p.7	Arctocephalus monterienis Gray, 1859 (= Phoca jubata Schreber, 1776) by monotypy (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 2000).				For a discussion of the type, see Scheffer (1958).	
14000970	Ursus arctos	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			arctos		Ursus	Ursidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.47		albus  Gmelin, 1788; alpinus G. Fischer, 1814; annulatus Billberg, 1827; argenteus Billberg, 1827; aureus Fitzinger, 1855; badius Schrank, 1798; brunneus Billberg, 1827; cadaverinus Eversmann, 1840; euryrhinus Nilsson, 1847; eversmanni (Gray, 1864); falciger Reichenbach, 1836; formicarius Billberg, 1828; fuscus Gmelin, 1788; grandis J. E. Gray, 1864; griseus Kerr, 1792; gobiensis Sokolov and Orlov, 1992; longirostris Eversmann, 1840; major Nilsson, 1820; marsicanus Altobello, 1921; minor Nilsson, 1820; myrmephagus Billberg, 1827; niger Gmelin, 1788; normalis Gray, 1864; norvegicus J. B. Fischer, 1829; polonicus J. E. Gray, 1864; pyrenaicus J. B. Fischer, 1829; rossicus J. E. Gray, 1864; rufus Borkhausen, 1797; scandinavicus Gray, 1864; stenorostris Gray, 1864; ursus Boddaert, 1772; alascensis Merriam, 1896; alexandrae Merriam, 1914; cressonus Merriam, 1916; eximius Merriam, 1916; holzworthi Merriam, 1929; innuitus Merriam, 1914; internationalis Merriam, 1914; kenaiensis Merriam, 1904; kidderi Merriam, 1902; nuchek Merriam, 1916; phaeonyx Merriam, 1904; sheldoni Merriam, 1910; toklat Merriam, 1914; tundrensis Merriam, 1914; beringianus Middendorff, 1851; kolymensis Ognev, 1924; mandchuricus Heude, 1898; piscator Pucheran, 1855; californicus Merriam, 1896; colusus Merriam, 1914; henshawi Merriam, 1914; klamathensis Merriam, 1914; magister Merriam, 1914; mendocinensis Merriam, 1916; tularensis Merriam, 1914; collaris F. G. Cuvier, 1824; jeniseensis Ognev, 1924; sibiricus J. E. Gray, 1864; crowtheri Schinz, 1844; dalli Merriam, 1896; nortoni Merriam, 1914; orgiloides Merriam, 1918; townsendi Merriam, 1916; gyas Merriam, 1902; merriami J. A. Allen, 1902; horribilis Ord, 1815; absarokus Merriam, 1914; andersoni Merriam, 1918; apache Merriam, 1916; arizonae Merriam, 1916; bairdi Merriam, 1914; bisonophagus Merriam, 1918; canadensis Merriam, 1914; candescens C. E. H. Smith, 1827; cinereus Desmarest, 1820; crassus Merriam, 1918; dusorgus Merriam, 1918; ereunetes Merriam, 1918; griseus Choris, 1822; horriaeus Baird, 1858; hylodromus Elliot, 1904; idahoensis Merriam, 1918; imperator Merriam, 1914; impiger Merriam, 1918; inopinatus Merriam, 1918; kennerleyi Merriam, 1914; kluane Merriam, 1916; latifrons Merriam, 1914; macfarlani Merriam, 1918; macrodon Merriam, 1918; mirus Merriam, 1918; navaho Merriam, 1914; nelsoni Merriam, 1914; ophrus Merriam, 1916; oribasus Merriam, 1918; pallasi Merriam, 1916; pellyensis Merriam, 1918; perturbans Merriam, 1918; planiceps Merriam, 1918; pulchellus Merriam, 1918; richardsoni Swainson, 1838; rogersi Merriam, 1918; rungiusi Merriam, 1918; russelli Merriam, 1914; sagittalis Merriam, 1918; selkirki Merriam, 1916; shoshone Merriam, 1914; texensis Merriam, 1914; utahensis Merriam, 1914; washake Merriam, 1916; isabellinus Horsfield, 1826; leuconyx Severtzov, 1873; pamirensis Ognev, 1924; lasiotus Gray, 1867; baikalensis Ognev, 1924; cavifrons (Heude, 1901); ferox Temminck, 1844 [preoccupied]; macneilli Lydekker, 1909; melanarctos Heude, 1898; yesoensis Lydekker, 1897; middendorffi Merriam, 1896; kadiaki Kleinschmidt, 1911; pruinosus Blyth, 1854; lagomyiarius Przewalski, 1883; sitkensis Merriam, 1896; caurinus Merriam, 1914; eltonclarki Merriam, 1914; eulophus Merriam, 1904; insularis Merriam, 1916; mirabilis Merriam, 1916; neglectus Merriam, 1916; orgilos Merriam, 1914; shirasi Merriam, 1914; stikeenensis Merriam, 1914; atnarko Merriam, 1918; chelan Merriam, 1916; chelidonias Merriam, 1918; crassodon Merriam, 1918; hoots Merriam, 1916; kwakiutl Merriam, 1916; pervagor Merriam, 1914; tahltanicus Merriam, 1914; warburtoni Merriam 1916; syriacus Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1828, caucasicus Smirnov, 1919; dinniki Smirnov, 1919; lasistanicus Satunin, 1913; meridionalis Middendorff, 1851; persicus Lönnberg, 1925; schmitzi Matschie, 1917; smirnovi Lönnberg, 1925.	Afghanistan, Albania, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bhutan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, N and W China, Croatia, Estonia, Finland, France, Greece, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Japan (Hokkaido), Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Macdeonia, N Mexico, Mongolia, North Korea, Norway, N Pakistan, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Syria, Turkey, Ukraine, W USA.	CITES  Appendix I as U. arctos (Mexico, Bhutan, China, and Mongolia populations) and U. a. isabellinus; otherwise Appendix II. U. S. ESA  Endangered as U. arctos pruinosus, as U. arctos in Mexico, and as U. a. arctos in Italy. Threatened as U. a. horribilis in the USA (48 conterminous states) except where listed as Experimental Non Essential Populations in portions of Idaho and Montana; IUCN  Extinct as U. a. nelsoni, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Erdbrink (1953), Couturier (1954), Rausch (1963a), Kurtén (1973), Hall (1984) and Pasitschniak-Arts (1993). Ognev (1931) and Allen (1938) recognized U. pruinosus as distinct; not followed by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), Gao (1987), and Stroganov (1962). Lönnberg (1923b) believed that differences between pruinosus and arctos warranted subgeneric distinction as (Mylarctos) pruinosus; however, this was not supported by Pocock's (1932b) thorough revision. Synonyms allocated according to Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1966) and Hall (1984).	Brown Bear
14000971	Ursus arctos subsp. arctos	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		arctos	arctos		Ursus	Ursidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.47						
14000972	Ursus arctos subsp. alascensis	Merriam 1896	SUBSPECIES		alascensis	arctos		Ursus	Ursidae	Carnivora							
14000973	Ursus arctos subsp. beringianus	Middendorff 1851	SUBSPECIES		beringianus	arctos		Ursus	Ursidae	Carnivora							
14000974	Ursus arctos subsp. californicus	Merriam 1896	SUBSPECIES		californicus	arctos		Ursus	Ursidae	Carnivora							
14000975	Ursus arctos subsp. collaris	F. G. Cuvier 1824	SUBSPECIES		collaris	arctos		Ursus	Ursidae	Carnivora							
14000976	Ursus arctos subsp. crowtheri	Schinz 1844	SUBSPECIES		crowtheri	arctos		Ursus	Ursidae	Carnivora							
14000977	Ursus arctos subsp. dalli	Merriam 1896	SUBSPECIES		dalli	arctos		Ursus	Ursidae	Carnivora							
14000978	Ursus arctos subsp. gyas	Merriam 1902	SUBSPECIES		gyas	arctos		Ursus	Ursidae	Carnivora							
14000979	Ursus arctos subsp. horribilis	Ord 1815	SUBSPECIES		horribilis	arctos		Ursus	Ursidae	Carnivora							
14000980	Ursus arctos subsp. isabellinus	Horsfield 1826	SUBSPECIES		isabellinus	arctos		Ursus	Ursidae	Carnivora							
14000981	Ursus arctos subsp. lasiotus	Gray 1867	SUBSPECIES		lasiotus	arctos		Ursus	Ursidae	Carnivora							
14000982	Ursus arctos subsp. middendorffi	Merriam 1896	SUBSPECIES		middendorffi	arctos		Ursus	Ursidae	Carnivora							
14000983	Ursus arctos subsp. pruinosus	Blyth 1854	SUBSPECIES		pruinosus	arctos		Ursus	Ursidae	Carnivora							
14000984	Ursus arctos subsp. sitkensis	Merriam 1896	SUBSPECIES		sitkensis	arctos		Ursus	Ursidae	Carnivora							
14000985	Ursus arctos subsp. stikeenensis	Merriam 1914	SUBSPECIES		stikeenensis	arctos		Ursus	Ursidae	Carnivora							
14000986	Ursus arctos subsp. syriacus	Hemprich and Ehrenberg 1828	SUBSPECIES		syriacus	arctos		Ursus	Ursidae	Carnivora							
14000987	Ursus maritimus	Phipps 1774	SPECIES			maritimus		Ursus	Ursidae	Carnivora	Voyage Towards North Pole p.185		eogroenlandicus  (Knottnerus-Meyer, 1908); groenlandicus (Birula, 1932); jenaensis (Knottnerus-Mayer, 1908); labradorensis (Knottnerus-Meyer, 1908); marinus Pallas, 1776; polaris Shaw, 1792.	Canada, Greenland, USA (Alaska), Russia. Circumpolar in the Arctic, S limits determined by ice pack.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (cd).	Revised by Wilson (1976). Reviewed by DeMaster and Stirling (1981). Placed in subgenus Thalarctos by Gromov and Baranova (1981). U. maritimus is considered the sister species to arctos (Goldman et al., 1989; Shields and Kocher, 1991). Synonyms allocated according to Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) and Hall (1981).	Polar Bear
14000988	Ursus thibetanus	G.[Baron] Cuvier 1823	SPECIES			thibetanus		Ursus	Ursidae	Carnivora	Rech. Oss. Foss., Nouv. ed. vol.4 p.325		labiatus  Blanford, 1876; torquatus Wagner, 1841; formosanus Swinhoe, 1864; melli (Matschie, 1922); gedrosianus Blanford, 1877; japonicus Schlegel, 1857; rexi Matschie, 1897; laniger (Pocock, 1932); mupinensis (Heude, 1901); clarki Sowerby, 1920; leuconyx (Heude, 1901); macneilli Lydekker, 1909; ussuricus (Heude, 1901); wulsini (Howell, 1928).	Afghanistan, China, India, Indochina, Japan, North and ? South Korea, Laos, Nepal, Pakistan, Taiwan, Thailand, Russia (SE Primorski Krai), Vietnam.	CITES  Appendix I; U. S. ESA  Endangered as U. t. gedrosianus; IUCN  Critically Endangered as U. t. gedrosinus, otherwise Vulnerable.	Placed in subgenus Selenarctos by Gromov and Baranova (1981); and in subgenus Euarctos by Thenius (1979). Allen (1938) suggested a close relationship to U. americanus; Pocock (1932a) retained in a separate genus, there is molecular support for both positions (Goldman et al., 1989). Synonyms allocated according to Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951).	Asian Black Bear
13700489	Sorex cylindricauda	Milne-Edwards 1871 "1872"	SPECIES			cylindricauda	Sorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, Bull. vol.1871 7 p.92			Montane forests of N Sichuan.	IUCN  Endangered.	Subgenus Sorex. Revised by Hoffmann (1987). The species is sympatric with S. bedfordiae in C Sichuan.	Stripe-backed Shrew
14000997	Arctocephalus	E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and F. Cuvier 1826	GENUS					Arctocephalus	Otariidae	Carnivora	InF. Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat. vol.39 p.554	"Phoca ursina " (= Phoca pusilla Schreber, 1775; not Phoca ursina Linnaeus, 1758)(International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 2000).	Arctophoca Peters, 1866; Euotaria Gray, 1866; Gypsophoca Gray, 1866; Halarctus Gill, 1866.			Reviewed by King (1954) and Repenning et al. (1971) who included Arctophoca Peters, 1866. Van Gelder (1977b) considered Zalophus and Arctocephalus congeneric. Nearly all species of Arctocephalus are distributed allopatrically (Rice, 1998). Synonyms allocated according to Gardner and Robbins (1998). Allen (1905) discussed confusion in designation of type species.	
14000998	Arctocephalus australis	Zimmermann 1783	SPECIES			australis		Arctocephalus	Otariidae	Carnivora	Geogr. Gesch. Mensch. Vierf. Thiere vol.3 p.276		argentata (Philippi, 1871); australis (J. A. Allen, 1880); brachydactyla (Philippi, 1892); falclandica (J. B. Fischer, 1829); falklandica (Shaw, 1800); gracilis Nehring, 1887; grayii Scott, 1873; hauvillii (Lesson, 1827); laitirostros J. E. Gray, 1874; latirostris (J. E. Gray, 1872); leucostoma (Philippi, 1892); lupina (Molina, 1782); nigrescens (J. E. Gray, 1850); shawii (Lesson, 1828); ursinus J. E. Gray, 1843.	South America coasts of Argentina, Brazil (from Recife dos Tôrres south), Chile, Falkland Isls, Peru (from Isla Lobos de Tierra south), Uruguay.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Scheffer (1958) included galapagoensis Heller, 1904, but this was not followed by Repenning et al. (1971) or King (1983). Synonyms allocated according to Cabrera (1957) and Rice (1998).	South American Fur Seal
14000999	Arctocephalus forsteri	Lesson 1828	SPECIES			forsteri		Arctocephalus	Otariidae	Carnivora	In Bory de Saint-Vincet, Dict. Class. Hist. Nat. Paris. vol.13 p.421			Coastal regions of Australia (Eclipse Isl in the west to S end of Tasmania), New Zealand and nearby subantarctic isls.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Australasian Fur Seal
14001000	Arctocephalus galapagoensis	Heller 1904	SPECIES			galapagoensis		Arctocephalus	Otariidae	Carnivora	Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., (3) vol.3 7 p.245			Endemic to Ecuador (Galapagos Isls).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Vulnerable.	Repenning et al. (1971) supported recognition at the specific level, followed by King (1983); however, Scheffer (1958) considered galapagoensis conspecific with australis, which would be the most closely related taxon. Reviewed by Clark (1975).	Galapagos Fur Seal
14001001	Arctocephalus gazella	Peters 1875	SPECIES			gazella		Arctocephalus	Otariidae	Carnivora	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1875 p.393, 396			Islands south of Antarctic convergence (Kerguelen, S Sandwich, S Orkney, Heard, Bouver, S Georgia, S Shetland Isls).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by King (1959a, b).	Antarctic Fur Seal
14001002	Arctocephalus philippii	Peters 1866	SPECIES			philippii		Arctocephalus	Otariidae	Carnivora	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1866 p.276, pl. 2a, b, c			Specimens recorded from Chile (Juan Fernandez and San Felix Isls), Peru (vagrant populations).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Vulnerable.		Juan Fernández Fur Seal
14001003	Arctocephalus pusillus	Schreber 1775	SPECIES			pusillus		Arctocephalus	Otariidae	Carnivora	Die Säugethiere vol.2 13 p.pl. 85[1775]; see also text, 3(17):314 [1776]		antarctica (Thunberg, 1811); compressa (Gray, 1874); delalandii (Lesson, 1827); nivosus (Gray, 1868); parva (Boddaert, 1785); peronii (Desmarest, 1817); schist-hyperves (Turner, 1868); doriferus Wood Jones, 1925; tasmanicus Scott and Lord, 1926.	Two allopatric populations: (1) Southern African coastal regions of Angola (vagrant populations), Namibia (Cape Cross southward), South Africa (east to Algoa Bay) (2) Coastal regions of SE Australia, Tasmania.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Repenning et al. (1971) and King (1983) included doriferus Wood-Jones, 1925; however, Scheffer (1958) considered it a distinct species.	Brown Fur Seal
14001004	Arctocephalus pusillus subsp. pusillus	Schreber 1775	SUBSPECIES		pusillus	pusillus		Arctocephalus	Otariidae	Carnivora	Die Säugethiere vol.2 13 p.pl. 85[1775]; see also text, 3(17):314 [1776]						
14001005	Arctocephalus pusillus subsp. doriferus	Wood Jones 1925	SUBSPECIES		doriferus	pusillus		Arctocephalus	Otariidae	Carnivora							
14001227	Martes flavigula subsp. saba	Chasen and Kloss 1931	SUBSPECIES		saba	flavigula		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001009	Callorhinus ursinus	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			ursinus		Callorhinus	Otariidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.37		alascanus (Jordan and Clark, 1898); californianus (Gray, 1866); curilensis (Jordan and Clark, 1899); cynocephala (Walbaum, 1792); krachenninikowii (Lesson, 1828); mimica (Tilesius, 1835); nigra (Pallas, 1811).	North Pacific coastal regions in Canada, China (vagrant to Shandong), Japan, Mexico (costs of Baja California), Russia (Okhotsk and Bering Seas, Commander and Pribilof Isls), USA (Alaska, Washington, Oregon, S California).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Subspecies not recognized, following Taylor et al. (1955) and Rice (1998).	Northern Fur Seal
14001011	Eumetopias jubatus	Schreber 1776	SPECIES			jubatus		Eumetopias	Otariidae	Carnivora	Die Säugethiere vol.3 17 p.300 (text) [1776]; see also 3(17):pl. 83.B[1776]		leonina (Pallas, 1811); monteriensis (Gray, 1859); stellerii (Lesson, 1828).	Northern Pacific coastal regions of Canada, China (vagrant populations to Jiangsu), Japan (from Hokkaido N), Russia, USA (Alaska, Washington, Oregon, California).	U.S. ESA  Threatened, except population segment west of 144° W. Long, which is Endangered; IUCN  Endangered.	The type of O. californiana Lesson, 1828, was shown by Allen (1880) to actually be Zalophus. A. monteriensis Gray, 1859, is based on P. jubata Schreber, 1776. Scheffer (1958) pointed out that jubata Forster, 1775, is invalid. Reviewed by Loughlin et al. (1987). Synonyms allocated according to Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), Hall (1981), and Loughlin et al. (1987).	Steller Sea Lion
14001012	Neophoca	Gray 1866	GENUS					Neophoca	Otariidae	Carnivora	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3 vol.18 p.231	Arctocephalus lobatus Gray, 1828 (= Otaria cinerea Péron, 1816).				Sivertsen (1954) and Scheffer (1958) considered Neophoca congeneric with Phocarctos. However, it was retained as separate by King (1960, 1983), Rice (1977), Barnes (1989), and Wynen et al. (2001).	
14001013	Neophoca cinerea	Péron 1816	SPECIES			cinerea		Neophoca	Otariidae	Carnivora	Voy. Decouv. Terres. Austral. vol.2 p.54		albicollis (Péron, 1816); australis (Quoy and Gaimard, 1830); fosteri (Wood Jones, 1922); lobatus (J. E. Gray, 1828); stelleri (Temminck, 1844); williamsi (McCoy, 1877).	Australia coastal regions (Houtmans Abrolhos in the west to Kangaroo Isl in the south).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Allen (1880) questioned the validity of the type description. Reviewed by Ling (1992). Synonyms allocated according to Ling (1992).	Australian Sealion
14001014	Otaria	Péron 1816	GENUS					Otaria	Otariidae	Carnivora	Voy. Decouv. Terres. Austral. vol.2 p.37 (footnote), pp. 40-52	Phoca leonina Molina, 1782 (= Phoca byronia de Blainville, 1820) by designation (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 2000).	Otoes Fischer de Waldheim, 1817; Platyrhynchus F. G. Cuvier, 1826; Pontoleo Gloger, 1841.				
14001015	Otaria flavescens	Shaw 1800	SPECIES			flavescens		Otaria	Otariidae	Carnivora	Gener. Zool. vol.1 2a parte p.260		aurita (Bechstein, 1800); byronia (de Blainville, 1820); chilensis Muller, 1841; chonotica Philippi, 1892; fulva Philippi, 1892; godeffroyi Peters, 1866; hookeri Schlater, 1866; leoninus (F. G. Cuvier, 1827); minor Gray, 1874; molossina Lesson and Garnot, 1826; molossinus (Lesson, 1827); pernettyi Lesson, 1828; pygmaea Gray, 1874; rufa Philippi, 1892; ulloae Tschudi, 1844; uraniae (Lesson, 1827); velutina Philippi, 1892.	South American coasts of Argentina, Brazil (south from Recife dos Tôrres), Chile, Peru, Uruguay, Falkland Isls. Vagrant populations occasionally in Columbia, Ecuador (Galapagos Isls), Panama.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	There is some controversy regarding the validity of O. byronia (de Blainville, 1920) or O. flavescens (Shaw, 1800) (King, 1978). Rodriguez and Bastida (1993) reviewed the information and concluded that flavescens was a valid name with priority. Also see Oliva (1988) who argued for O. byronia. Synonyms allocated according to Cabrera (1957).	South American Sealion
14001016	Phocarctos	Peters 1866	GENUS					Phocarctos	Otariidae	Carnivora	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1866 p.269	Otaria hookeri (=Arctocephalus hookeri Gray, 1844).				Sivertsen (1954) and Scheffer (1958) considered Phocarctos congeneric with Neophoca, however, it was retained as separate by Clark (1873a), King (1960, 1983), Rice (1977), Barnes (1989), and Wynen et al. (2001).	
14001126	Lutrogale	Gray 1865	GENUS					Lutrogale	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1865 p.127	Lutra perspicillata I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1826.				See comments under Lutra. Consideration here as a separate genus is consistent with Pohle (1920a), Pocock (1941a), and van Zyll de Jong (1987).	
14001017	Phocarctos hookeri	Gray 1844	SPECIES			hookeri		Phocarctos	Otariidae	Carnivora	Zool. Voy. H.M.S. "Erebus" and "Terror, " vol.1 p.4			New Zealand subantarctic islands.	IUCN  Vulnerable.		New Zealand Sealion
14001054	Ommatophoca	Gray 1844	GENUS					Ommatophoca	Phocidae	Carnivora	Zool. Voy. H. M. S. "Erebus" and "Terror," vol.1 p.3	Ommatophoca Rossii Gray, 1844, by monotypy.					
14001223	Martes flavigula subsp. henrici	Schinz 1845	SUBSPECIES		henrici	flavigula		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001366	Mustela erminea subsp. seclusa	Hall 1944	SUBSPECIES		seclusa	erminea		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001018	Zalophus	Gill 1866	GENUS					Zalophus	Otariidae	Carnivora	Proc. Essex Inst. Salem vol.5 p.7	"Otaria Gilliespii Macbain", 1858 (= Otaria californiana Lesson, 1828).				Included in Arctocephalus by Van Gelder (1977b). Mohr (1952) reported successful matings between Arctocephalus pusillus and Z. californianus. Rice (1998), followed here, argued for the retention of japonicus, californianus, and wollenbaeki as distinct species. Itoo (1985) concluded that japonicus was distinct, and behavioral differences separate californianus and wollenbaeki (Eibl-Eibesfeldt, 1984). But see Scheffer (1958) who recognized these populations at the subspecies level.	
14001043	Leptonychotes	Gill 1872	GENUS					Leptonychotes	Phocidae	Carnivora	Smithson. Misc. Coll. vol.11 p.70	Otaria weddellii Lesson, 1826, by monotypy.	Poecilophoca  Lydekker, 1891.			Replacement name for Leptonyx Gray (1837), which is preoccupied by Leptonyx Swainson (1821).	
14001019	Zalophus californianus	Lesson 1828	SPECIES			californianus		Zalophus	Otariidae	Carnivora	InBory de Saint-Vincent (ed.), Dict. Class. Hist. Nat. Paris. vol.13 p.420		gillespii (MacBain, 1858).	Northern Pacific coastal regions of Canada (British Columbia), Mexico (Baja California, and throughout the Gulf of California), USA (Washington, Oregon, California).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		California Sealion
14001020	Zalophus japonicus	Peters 1866	SPECIES			japonicus		Zalophus	Otariidae	Carnivora	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. vol.1866 p.668		lobatus Jentink, 1892.	Sea of Japan. Historical range included Japan, Russia (Kamchatka, Sakhalin), South Korea (E coast).	IUCN  Extinct.	Probably extinct (Rice, 1998).	Japanese Sealion
14001021	Zalophus wollebaeki	Sivertsen 1953	SPECIES			wollebaeki		Zalophus	Otariidae	Carnivora	K. Norske Vidensk. Selsk. Forh. vol.26 p.2			Ecuador (Galapagos Isls), vagrant populations to coastal regions of Columbia and Ecuador.	IUCN  Vulnerable.		Galapagos Sea Lion
14001022	Odobenidae	Allen 1880	FAMILY						Odobenidae	Carnivora	U.S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Territ. vol.12 p.ix, 5.		Odobaeninae Orlov, 1931; Odontobænidae Elliot, 1905; Rosmaridae Gill, 1866; Thalattailurina Albrecht, 1879; Trichechoidea Giebel, 1855; Trichecidae J. E. Gray, 1821; Trichiphocinae J. A. Allen, 1870; Trichisina J. E. Gray, 1837; Trichophocacae J. A. Allen, 1880.			Trichecidae Gray (1821) and Rosmaridae Gill (1866) are invalid (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1959). The enigmatic walruses have been placed as: (1) the sister group to the otariids (Árnason, 1977; Árnason et al., 1995; Couturier and Dutrillaux, 1986; Dragoo and Honeycutt, 1997; Repenning and Tedford, 1977; Sarich, 1969a, b; Vrana et al., 1994); (2) in the family Otariidae (Barnes, 1989; Mitchell, 1975b); (3) the sister group to the phocids (Berta, 1994; Berta and Wyss, 1994; Wyss and Flynn, 1993); and finally (4) McKenna and Bell (1997) considered them a subfamily of Phocidae. Lento et al. (1995) believed the best answer was to leave the walrus as an independent family. Because of the uncertainty of the placement of this taxon, I have followed Rice (1998) who provided an excellent discussion of the various arrangements.	
14001023	Odobenus	Brisson 1762	GENUS					Odobenus	Odobenidae	Carnivora	Regne Anim., 2nd ed. p.30	Odobenus odobenus Brisson, 1762 (= Phoca rosmarus Linnaeus, 1758).	Hodobaenus Sundevall, 1860; Odobaenus Fee, 1830; Odontobaenus Steenstrup, 1860; Rosmarus Brünnich, 1772; Trichechus Linnaeus, 1766; Trichecus F. G. Cuvier, 1829.			Although the names in Brisson (1762) are invalid, Odobenus has been retained (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1955a, 1957e, 1998). Placed in Subfamily Odobeninae, Family Phocidae by McKenna and Bell (1997). Placed in separate family by Rice (1998).	
14001024	Odobenus rosmarus	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			rosmarus		Odobenus	Odobenidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.38		arcticus (Pallas, 1811); divergens (Illiger, 1815); cookii (Fremery, 1831); orientalis (Dybowski, 1922); laptevi Chapskii, 1940.	Arctic sea- coastal regions of Belgium (vagrant), Canada, Great Britain (vagrant), Greenland, Iceland (vagrant), Japan (Honshu), Netherlands (vagrant), Norway, Russia, USA (Alaska, New England-vagrant).	CITES  Appendix III (Canada); IUCN  Data Deficient as O. r. laptevi, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Fay (1985). Synonyms allocated according to Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) and Fay (1985). Distributional information from Rice (1998).	Walrus
14001025	Odobenus rosmarus subsp. rosmarus	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		rosmarus	rosmarus		Odobenus	Odobenidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.38						
14001026	Odobenus rosmarus subsp. divergens	Illiger 1815	SUBSPECIES		divergens	rosmarus		Odobenus	Odobenidae	Carnivora							
14001027	Odobenus rosmarus subsp. laptevi	Chapskii 1940	SUBSPECIES		laptevi	rosmarus		Odobenus	Odobenidae	Carnivora							
14001040	Histriophoca fasciata	Zimmermann 1783	SPECIES			fasciata		Histriophoca	Phocidae	Carnivora	Geogr. Gesch. Mensch. Vierf. Thiere vol.3 p.277		equestris (Pallas, 1831).	Japan (N Hokkaido), Russia (Okhotsk, W Bering, Chukchi and Japan Seas), USA (Alaska, California-vagrant).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Burns and Fay (1970). Placed in Histriophoca Gill, 1873, by Scheffer (1958), Muizon (1982b), and Rice (1998).	Ribbon Seal
14001041	Hydrurga	Gistel 1848	GENUS					Hydrurga	Phocidae	Carnivora	Naturgesch. des Thierreichs p.xi	Phoca leptonyx de Blainville, 1820.	Ogmorhinus Peters, 1875; Stenorhynchotes Turner, 1888.			Synonyms allocated according to McKenna and Bell (1997).	
14001164	Galictis vittata subsp. canaster	Nelson 1901	SUBSPECIES		canaster	vittata		Galictis	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001249	Martes martes subsp. uralensis	Kuznetsov 1941	SUBSPECIES		uralensis	martes		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001055	Ommatophoca rossii	Gray 1844	SPECIES			rossii		Ommatophoca	Phocidae	Carnivora	Zool. Voy. H. M. S. "Erebus" and "Terror," vol.1 p.3			Circumpolar, Antarctic pack ice, particularly King Haakon VII Sea. Vagrant populations on Heard Isl and S Australia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Ross Seal
14001042	Hydrurga leptonyx	de Blainville 1820	SPECIES			leptonyx		Hydrurga	Phocidae	Carnivora	J. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. Arts Paris vol.91 p.298		homei (Lesson, 1828); leptonyz (de Blainville, 1820).	Circumpolar pack-ice zone south to the shores of Antarctica. Also coastal regions of Australia, Chile, Falkland Isls, Kerguelen Isls, New Zealand), South Sandwich Isls, South Africa.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Synonyms allocated according to Cabrera (1957).	Leopard seal
14001337	Mustela erminea subsp. alascensis	Merriam 1896	SUBSPECIES		alascensis	erminea		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001028	Phocidae	Gray 1821	FAMILY						Phocidae	Carnivora	London Med. Repos. vol.15 p.297		Amphibia Trouessart, 1879; Amphibiae Gray, 1821; Cystophorina Gray, 1837; Erignathini Chapskii, 1955; Eumetopiina Gray, 1869; Halichoerina Gray, 1869; Histriophocina Chapskii, 1955; Hydrurginae Trouessart, 1907; Lobodoninae Kellogg, 1922; Lobodontina Gray, 1869; Miroungini Muizon, 1982; Monachina Gray, 1869; Ogmorhininae Turner, 1888; Phocadae [sic] Gray, 1821; Phocae Trouessart, 1879; Phocomorpha Berta and Wyss, 1994; Pinnigrada Owen, 1857; Pinnigrades Owen, 1857; Pinnipedia Illiger, 1811; Sibiricopusidae Dybowski, 1929; Stemmotopina [sic] Gray, 1825; Stenorhynchina Gray, 1844; Stenorhyncina [sic] Gray, 1825; Stenorynchina [sic] Gray, 1843; Thalattailurina Albrecht, 1879.			Reviewed by Chapskii (1955), Scheffer (1958), J. E. King (1966, 1983), Hendey (1972), Muizon (1982b), and Wyss (1989). Muizon (1982b), and Wyss's (1988) phylogenetic analyses agreed on three points: 1) The monophyletic nature of two groups they refer to as the Lobodontini (Hydrurga, Leptonychotes, Lobodon, and Ommatophoca), and the Phocinae (Erignathus, Cystophora, Halichoerus, and Phoca), 2) The lobodonts, along with Monachus and Mirounga traditionally have been referred to as the Monachinae (kept by Muizon), however, they both suggested that this group may be paraphyletic, 3) Because of the "unsettled" nature of these taxa, no subfamilies are recognized at this time. Distributions for species after Rice (1998).	
14001029	Cystophora	Nilsson 1820	GENUS					Cystophora	Phocidae	Carnivora	Skand. Faun. Dagg. Djur. vol.1 p.382	Cystophora borealis Nilsson, 1820 (= Phoca cristata Erxleben, 1777).	Semmatopis Gloger, 1841; Stemmatops Van der Hoeven, 1855; Stemmatopus F. G. Cuvier, 1826.			Revised by King (1966).	
14001030	Cystophora cristata	Erxleben 1777	SPECIES			cristata		Cystophora	Phocidae	Carnivora	Syst. Regni Anim. vol.1 p.590		borealis Nilsson, 1820; cristata Nilsson, 1841; cucullata (Boddaert, 1785); isidorei (Lesson, 1843); leucopla (Thienemann, 1824); mitrata (G.[Baron] Cuvier, 1823).	N Atlantic and Arctic ocean coastal regions of Canada (Newfoundland), Denmark (vagrant), France (vagrant), Great Britain (vagrant), Greenland, Iceland, Portugal (vagrant), Puerto Rico (vagrant), Russia (Svalbard and Novaya Zemlya), Spain (vagrant), USA (vagrant: California and Florida), Virgin Isls (vagrant).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Kovacs and Lavigne (1986) who placed it in subfamily Phocinae. Synonyms allocated according to Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) and Kovacs and Lavigne (1986). No subspecies are recognized.	Hooded Seal
14001031	Erignathus	Gill 1866	GENUS					Erignathus	Phocidae	Carnivora	Proc. Essex Inst. Salem vol.5 p.5	Phoca barbata Fabricius, 1776 [nomen nudum] (= Phoca barbata Erxleben, 1777).					
14001032	Erignathus barbatus	Erxleben 1777	SPECIES			barbatus		Erignathus	Phocidae	Carnivora	Syst. Regni Anim. vol.1 p.590		lepechenii (Lesson, 1828); leporina (Lepechin, 1778); parsonsii (Lesson, 1828); nautica (Pallas, 1811); albigena (Pallas, 1811); naurica (J. E. Gray, 1871).	Circumpolar Arctic seas and coastal regions of Canada, China (Zhejiang-vagrant), France (vagrant), Great Britian (vagrant), Greenland, Iceland, Japan (south to Hokkaido), Norway, Portugal (vagrant), Russia, Spain (vagrant), USA (Alaska, Massachusetts -vagrant).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Synonyms allocated according to Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) and Hall (1981).	Bearded Seal
14001033	Erignathus barbatus subsp. barbatus	Erxleben 1777	SUBSPECIES		barbatus	barbatus		Erignathus	Phocidae	Carnivora	Syst. Regni Anim. vol.1 p.590						
14001034	Erignathus barbatus subsp. nautica	Pallas 1811	SUBSPECIES		nautica	barbatus		Erignathus	Phocidae	Carnivora							
14001035	Halichoerus	Nilsson 1820	GENUS					Halichoerus	Phocidae	Carnivora	Skand. Faun. Dagg. Djur. vol.1 p.376	Halichoerus griseus Nilsson, 1820 (= Phoca grypus Fabricius, 1791).	Halychoerus Boitard, 1842.			Mohr (1952) described successful mating in captivity between Pusa hispida and Halichoerus grypus.	
14001036	Halichoerus grypus	Fabricius 1791	SPECIES			grypus		Halichoerus	Phocidae	Carnivora	Skr. Nat. Selsk. Copenhagen vol.1 2 p.167		atlantica Nehring, 1886; griseus Nilsson, 1820; macrorhynchus Hornschuch and Schilling, 1851; baltica Nehring, 1886.	Temperate and subarctic waters around Canada (Newfoundland area), Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greenland, Iceland, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal (vagrant), Russia (Kola Peninsula), Sweden, USA (Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, New Jersey - vagrant).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc), except for Northeast Atlantic subpopulation, which is Endangered.	Synonyms allocated according to Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951).	Gray Seal
14001037	Halichoerus grypus subsp. grypus	Fabricius 1791	SUBSPECIES		grypus	grypus		Halichoerus	Phocidae	Carnivora	Skr. Nat. Selsk. Copenhagen vol.1 2 p.167						
14001038	Halichoerus grypus subsp. macrorhynchus	Hornschuch and Schilling 1851	SUBSPECIES		macrorhynchus	grypus		Halichoerus	Phocidae	Carnivora							
14001039	Histriophoca	Gill 1873	GENUS					Histriophoca	Phocidae	Carnivora	Am. Nat. vol.7 p.179	Phoca fasciata Zimmermann, 1783.	Callocephalus Heuglin, 1874.			Burns and Fay (1970), Rice (1977), McDermid and Bonner (1975), Gromov and Baranova (1981), King (1983), and Wyss (1988) considered Phoca, Pusa, Histriophoca, and Pagophilus a monophyletic group. Cladistic analysis based on morphology and mtDNA revealed two clades, Pagophilus+Histriophoca and Phoca+Pusa+Halichoerus (Carr and Perry, 1998; Mouchaty et al., 1995; Muizon, 1982b; Perry et al., 1995; Rice, 1998). Burns and Fay (1970) and McDermid and Bonner (1975) argued that these differences should be recognized only at the subgeneric level.	
14001248	Martes martes subsp. ruthena	Ognev 1926	SUBSPECIES		ruthena	martes		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001044	Leptonychotes weddellii	Lesson 1826	SPECIES			weddellii		Leptonychotes	Phocidae	Carnivora	Bull. Sci. Nat. Geol. vol.7 p.437		leopardina (C. E. H. Smith, 1839); leopardinus Wagner, 1946; leptonyx (Moseley, 1879).	Coastal fast ice areas of Antarctic continent and adjacent islands. Vagrant populations: Argentina, Australia, Chile, Falkland Isls, Macquarie Isl, New Zealand, Uruguay.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Stirling (1971) and Kooyman (1981).	Weddell Seal
14001045	Lobodon	Gray 1844	GENUS					Lobodon	Phocidae	Carnivora	Zool. Voy. H. M. S. "Erebus" and "Terror," vol.1 p.2	Phoca carcinophaga Hombron and Jacquinot, 1842.					
14001046	Lobodon carcinophaga	Hombron and Jacquinot 1842	SPECIES			carcinophaga		Lobodon	Phocidae	Carnivora	InDumont d'Uville, Voy. Pole Sud., Zool., Altas: Mammifères p.pl. 10 [1842], see also vol. 3:Mammifères et Oiseaux, p. 27 [1853]		serridens (Owen, 1843).	Antarctic seas, frequently on pack ice around Antarctic Continent. Vagrant populations: Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Falkland Isls, New Zealand, South Africa, Tasmania, Uruguay.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	This species has often been listed incorrectly as L. carcinophagus (Rice, 1998).	Crabeater Seal
14001047	Mirounga	Gray 1827	GENUS					Mirounga	Phocidae	Carnivora	InGriffith et al., Anim. Kingdom vol.5 p.179	Phoca proboscidea Péron, 1816 (= Phoca leonina Linnaeus, 1758).	Macrorhinus F. G. Cuvier, 1826 [preoccupied]; Morunga J. E. Gray, 1943; Rhinophoca Wagler, 1830.			Revised by King (1966). Reviewed by Davidson (1929), Briggs and Morejohn (1976), and Ling and Bryden (1992).	
14001048	Mirounga angustirostris	Gill 1866	SPECIES			angustirostris		Mirounga	Phocidae	Carnivora	Proc. Essex Inst. Salem vol.5 p.13			Mexico (Baja California), USA (SE Alaska to California).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Stewart and Huber (1993).	Northern Elephant Seal
14001049	Mirounga leonina	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			leonina		Mirounga	Phocidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.37		crosetensis (Lydekker, 1909); falclandica (Peters, 1875); kerguilensis (Peters, 1875); macquariensis (Lydekker, 1909); proboscidea (Péron, 1816); typicus (Lydekker, 1909).	Circumpolar mainly in the subantarctic zone, including Antarctica, Macquarie, Kerguelen, S Georgia Isls, and Argentina (Peninsula Valdez). Vagrant populations recorded at Australia, Brazil, Chile, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, New Zealand, Oman, Uruguay.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Ling and Bryden (1992). Synonyms allocated according to Bryden (1995). Subspecies not recognized, following Lönnberg (1910); however see Carrick et al. (1962).	Southern Elephant Seal
14001050	Monachus	Fleming 1822	GENUS					Monachus	Phocidae	Carnivora	Philos. Zool. vol.2 p.187	Phoca monachus Hermann, 1779.	Heliophoca Gray, 1854; Mammonachus Herrera, 1899; Pelagias J. E. Gray, 1837; Pelagios F. G. Cuvier, 1824; Pelagius F. G. Cuvier, 1826; Pelagocyon Gloger, 1841; Pelagus McMurtrie, 1834; Rigoon Gistel, 1854.			Revised by King (1956). Wyss (1988) suggested that this might be a paraphyletic group, however see Bininda-Emonds et al. (1999) who supported monophyly (followed here).	
14001051	Monachus monachus	Hermann 1779	SPECIES			monachus		Monachus	Phocidae	Carnivora	Beschaft. Berlin Ges. Naturforsch. Fr. vol.4 p.501, pls. 12, 13		Synonyms allocated according to G. M. Allen (1939) and Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951).	Coastal regions of Mediterranean and Black Seas and NW Africa to Cape Blanc: Algeria, Balearic Isls, Cape Verde, Crete, Cyprus, France, Gambia, Greece, Italy, Lebanon, Mauritania, Morocco, Portugal, Russia, Sardinia, Senegal, Sicily, Spain, Tunisia, Turkey. status: CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Critically Endangered.	albiventer(Boddaert, 1785); atlantica (Gray, 1854); bicolor (Shaw, 1800); crinita (Menis, 1848); hermannii (Lesson, 1828); isidorei (Lesson, 1843); leucogaster (Péron and Lesueur, 1816); mediterraneus Nilsson, 1838.		Mediterranean Monk Seal
14001052	Monachus schauinslandi	Matschie 1905	SPECIES			schauinslandi		Monachus	Phocidae	Carnivora	Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin vol.1905 p.258			USA (NW Hawaiian Isls, from Nihoa to Kure).	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Endangered.		Hawaiian Monk Seal
14001053	Monachus tropicalis	Gray 1850	SPECIES			tropicalis		Monachus	Phocidae	Carnivora	Cat. Spec. Mamm. Coll. Br. Mus. vol.Part 2(Seals) p.28		antillarum (J. E. Gray, 1849)<sup> </sup>[<sup>nomen nudum</sup>]<sup>.</sup>	Historical records include coastal regions of the Caribbean Sea and Yucatan: Mexico (Veracruz to Yucatan), Bahamas, Guadeloupe, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, USA (Florida).	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Extinct.	Extinct since 1952 (Kenyon, 1977; Rice, 1998).	Caribbean Monk Seal
14001056	Pagophilus	Gray 1844	GENUS					Pagophilus	Phocidae	Carnivora	Zool. Voy. H. M. S. "Erebus" and "Terror," vol.1 p.3	Phoca groenlandica Erxleben, 1777.	Callocephalus Heuglin, 1874; Haliphilus J. E. Gray, 1866; Pagomys Gray, 1864; Pagophoca Trouessart, 1904.			Burns and Fay (1970), Rice (1977), McDermid and Bonner (1975), Gromov and Baranova (1981), King (1983), and Wyss (1988) considered Phoca, Pusa, Histriophoca, and Pagophilus a monophyletic group. Cladistic analysis based on morphology and mtDNA reveal two clades, Pagophilus+Histriophoca and Phoca+Pusa+Halichoerus (Carr and Perry, 1998; Mouchaty et al., 1995; Muizon, 1982b; Perry et al., 1995; Rice, 1998). Burns and Fay (1970) and McDermid and Bonner (1975) argued that these differences should be recognized only at the subgeneric level.	
14001057	Pagophilus groenlandicus	Erxleben 1777	SPECIES			groenlandicus		Pagophilus	Phocidae	Carnivora	Syst. Regni Anim. vol.1 p.588		albicauda (Desmarest, 1822); albini (Alessandrini, 1851); dorsata (Pallas, 1811); leucopla (Thienemann, 1824); oceanica (Lepechin, 1778); semilunaris (Boddaert, 1785).	N Atlantic and Arctic oceans and coastal regions of Canada (Newfoundland), France (vagrant), Germany (vagrant), Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Russia from E Canada to the White Sea (Russia), Scotland (vagrant), USA (Virginia - vagrant).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Harp Seal
14001058	Phoca	Linnaeus 1758	GENUS					Phoca	Phocidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.37	Phoca vitulina Linnaeus, 1758, by tautonomy.	Ambysus  Rafinesque, 1815; Arctias Rafinesque, 1815; Calocephalus F. G. Cuvier, 1826; Caspiopusa Dybowski, 1929.			Burns and Fay (1970), Rice (1977), McDermid and Bonner (1975), Gromov and Baranova (1981), King (1983), and Wyss (1988) considered Phoca, Pusa, Histriophoca, and Pagophilus a monophyletic group. Cladistic analysis based on morphology and mtDNA reveal two clades, Pagophilus+Histriophoca and Phoca+Pusa+Halichoerus (Carr and Perry, 1998; Mouchaty et al., 1995; Muizon, 1982b; Perry et al., 1995; Rice, 1998). This was also supported by Bininda-Emonds et al.s (1999) "complete data" phylogeny. Burns and Fay (1970) and McDermid and Bonner (1975) argued that these differences should be recognized only at the subgeneric level.	
14001059	Phoca largha	Pallas 1811	SPECIES			largha		Phoca	Phocidae	Carnivora	Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat. vol.1 p.113		chorisii Lesson, 1828; macrodens J. A. Allen, 1902; nummularis Temminck, 1844; ochotensis J. A. Allen, 1902; pallasii Naumov and Smirnov, 1936; petersi Mohr, 1941; pribilofensis Allen, 1902; tigrina Lesson 1827.	Associated with pack ice in coastal N Pacific of Canada, China (south to Fujian), Japan (south to Shikoku), Russia (Bering and Okhotsk Seas), USA (Alaska).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Scheffer (1958) considered largha as conspecific with vitulina; however, Shaughnessy and Fay (1977) and King (1983) separated the two.	Spotted Seal
14001060	Phoca vitulina	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			vitulina		Phoca	Phocidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.38		canina Pallas, 1811; linnaei Lesson, 1828; littorea Thienemann, 1824; scopulicola Thienemann, 1824; thienemannii Lesson, 1828; variegata Nilsson, 1820; concolor De Kay, 1842; vitulina Trouessart, 1904; mellonae Doutt, 1942; richardii (Gray, 1864); geronimensis J. A. Allen, 1902; pribilofensis J. A. Allen, 1902; stejnegeri J. A. Allen, 1902; insularis Belkin, 1964; kurilensis McLaren, 1966.	Coastal regions of Canada, China (south to Kiangsu), Denmark, Germany, Great Britain, Greenland, Iceland, Ireland, Japan (Hokkaido), Mexico (Baja California, Isla Guadalupe-vagrant), Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Russia (Kurile Isls and Kamchatka), Sweden, USA (Atlantic coast: Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, vagrants: New York, Florida, Vermont. Pacific Coast: Alaska, Washington, Oregon, California).	IUCN  Data Deficient as P. v. mellonae, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	The position of stegjnegeri remains uncertain; Scheffer (1958) placed it in largha; King (1983) placed it in vitulina; and Shaughnessy and Fay (1977) suggested incertae sedis. Reviewed by Shaughnessy and Fay (1977), Burns et al. (1984), and Smith et al. (1994). Synonyms allocated according to Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) and Rice (1998).	Harbor Seal
14001061	Phoca vitulina subsp. vitulina	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		vitulina	vitulina		Phoca	Phocidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.38						
14001062	Phoca vitulina subsp. concolor	De Kay 1842	SUBSPECIES		concolor	vitulina		Phoca	Phocidae	Carnivora							
14001063	Phoca vitulina subsp. mellonae	Doutt 1942	SUBSPECIES		mellonae	vitulina		Phoca	Phocidae	Carnivora							
14001064	Phoca vitulina subsp. richardii	Gray 1864	SUBSPECIES		richardii	vitulina		Phoca	Phocidae	Carnivora							
14001065	Phoca vitulina subsp. stejnegeri	J. A. Allen 1902	SUBSPECIES		stejnegeri	vitulina		Phoca	Phocidae	Carnivora						See comments under species.	
14001094	Hydrictis	Pocock 1921	GENUS					Hydrictis	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1921 p.543	Lutra maculicollis Lichtenstein, 1835.	Hydrogale  Gray, 1865.			Commonly included in Lutra, separated here. See discussion under Lutra and under H. maculicollis, below.	
14001270	Martes zibellina subsp. sajanensis	Ognev 1925	SUBSPECIES		sajanensis	zibellina		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001271	Martes zibellina subsp. schantaricus	Kuznetsov 1941	SUBSPECIES		schantaricus	zibellina		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001269	Martes zibellina subsp. sahalinensis	Ognev 1925	SUBSPECIES		sahalinensis	zibellina		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001066	Pusa	Scopoli 1771	GENUS					Pusa	Phocidae	Carnivora	Introductio ad historiam naturalem p.490	Phoca foetica Fabricius, 1776 (= Phoca hispida Schreber, 1775) by subsequent designation by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951).	Caspiopusa  Dybowski, 1929.			Burns and Fay (1970), Rice (1977), McDermid and Bonner (1975), Gromov and Baranova (1981), King (1983), and Wyss (1988) considered Phoca, Pusa, Histriophoca, and Pagophilus a monophyletic group. Cladistic analysis based on morphology and mtDNA reveal two clades, Pagophilus+Histriophoca and Phoca+Pusa+Halichoerus (Carr and Perry, 1998; Mouchaty et al., 1995; Muizon, 1982b; Perry et al., 1995; Rice, 1998). Burns and Fay (1970) and McDermid and Bonner (1975) argued that these differences should be recognized only at the subgeneric level.	
14001067	Pusa caspica	Gmelin 1788	SPECIES			caspica		Pusa	Phocidae	Carnivora	In Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 13th ed. vol.1 p.64			Coastal regions of the Caspian Sea: Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia, Turkmenistan.	IUCN  Vulnerable.		Caspian Seal
14001068	Pusa hispida	Schreber 1775	SPECIES			hispida		Pusa	Phocidae	Carnivora	Die Säugethiere vol.2 13 p.pl. 86[1775]; see also text 3(17):312[1776]		annellata (Nilsson, 1820); beaufortiana (Anderson, 1943); birulai (Smirnov, 1929); foetica (Fabricius, 1776); krascheninikovi (Naumov and Smirnov, 1936); pomororum (Smirnov, 1929); pygmaea (Zukowsky, 1921); rochmistrovi (Smirnov, 1929); soperi (Anderson, 1943); botnica (Gmelin, 1788); annellata (Nilsson, 1820); octonata (Kutorga, 1839); undulata (Kutorga, 1839); ladogensis (Nordquiest, 1899); ochotensis (Pallas, 1811); gichigensis (J. A. Allen, 1902); saimensis (Nordquist, 1899).	Arctic Ocean and coastal regions of Açôres (vagrant), Canada (Nettilling Lake, Baffin Isl), China (vagrant: Jiangsu), Estonia, Finland (Saimaa Lake), Germany (vagrant), Greenland, Japan (Hokkaido, vagrant: Shikoku, Kyushu), Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Portugal (vagrant), Russia (Okhotsk, Bering, and Baltic Seas), Sweden, USA (vagrant: New Jersey, California).	U.S. ESA  Endangered as Phoca hispida saimensis; IUCN  Endangered as P. h. saimensis, Vulnerable as P. h. botnica and P. h. ladogensis, Lower Risk as P. hispida and as P. h. ochotensis.	Placed in Pusa Scopoli, 1771, by Scheffer (1958) and Rice (1998). Mohr (1952) described successful mating in captivity between Pusa hispida and Halichoerus grypus.	Ringed Seal
14001069	Pusa hispida subsp. hispida	Schreber 1775	SUBSPECIES		hispida	hispida		Pusa	Phocidae	Carnivora	Die Säugethiere vol.2 13 p.pl. 86[1775]; see also text 3(17):312[1776]						
14001070	Pusa hispida subsp. botnica	Gmelin 1788	SUBSPECIES		botnica	hispida		Pusa	Phocidae	Carnivora							
14001071	Pusa hispida subsp. ladogensis	Nordquiest 1899	SUBSPECIES		ladogensis	hispida		Pusa	Phocidae	Carnivora							
14001072	Pusa hispida subsp. ochotensis	Pallas 1811	SUBSPECIES		ochotensis	hispida		Pusa	Phocidae	Carnivora							
14001073	Pusa hispida subsp. saimensis	Nordquist 1899	SUBSPECIES		saimensis	hispida		Pusa	Phocidae	Carnivora							
14001074	Pusa sibirica	Gmelin 1788	SPECIES			sibirica		Pusa	Phocidae	Carnivora	In Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 13th ed. vol.1 p.64		baicalensis (Dybowski, 1873).	Endemic to Lake Baikal (Russia).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).		Baikal Seal
14001075	Mustelidae	Fischer 1817	FAMILY						Mustelidae	Carnivora	Mém. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscow vol.5 p.372		Mustelladae Gray, 1821.			Reviewed by Pocock (1921b, d), Muizon (1982a), Van Zyll de Jong (1987), Bryant et al. (1993), Masuda and Yoshida (1994a, b), Abramov and Baryshnikov (1995), Dragoo and Honeycutt (1997), Baryshnikov and Abramov (1997, 1998), Koepfli and Wayne (1998), Bininda-Emonds et al. (1999), Ginsburg and Morales (2000), and Kurose et al. (2000). Traditionally consisted of four subfamilies (Mephitinae, Melinae, Mustelinae, and Lutrinae), but McKenna and Bell (1997) also recognized Mellivorinae and Guloninae. The Mephitinae are separated here (see Mephitidae) following Dragoo and Honeycutt (1997). Few have questioned the distinctiveness of the Lutrinae, but the traditionally recognized Melinae and Mustelinae appear to be paraphyletic (Bininda-Emonds et al., 1999; Bryant et al., 1993). For these reasons, only two subfamilies are recognized here, the Lutrinae and the Mustelinae (provisionally including taxa traditionally placed in Melinae, Guloninae, Taxidiinae, and M... [truncated]	
14001076	Lutrinae	Bonaparte 1838	SUBFAMILY						Mustelidae	Carnivora	Nuovi Ann Sci. Nat. vol.2 p.111					Revised by Pohle (1920a), Pocock (1940b), van Zyll de Jong (1972, 1987, 1991a), Koepfli and Wayne (1998), and Bininda-Emonds et al. (1999). Reviewed by Harris (1968) and Sokolov (1973). Foster-Turley et al. (1990) reviewed the conservation status and distribution of otters.	
14001077	Aonyx	Lesson 1827	GENUS					Aonyx	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Manual de Mammalogie p.157	Aonyx delalandi Lesson, 1827 (= Lutra capensis Schinz, 1821) by subsequent designation (Palmer, 1904).	Amblonyx Rafinesque, 1832; Anahyster Murray 1861; Leptonyx Lesson, 1842; Micraonyx J. A. Allen, 1919; Paraonyx Hinton, 1921.			Aonyx is considered congeneric with Amblonyx (Coetzee, 1977b; Davis, 1978; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; Koepfli and Wayne, 1998; Osgood, 1932). However see Harris (1968), Medway (1977), and van Zyll de Jong (1972, 1987) who considered them separate. There is little question that capensis and congica are sister species. Koepfli and Wayne (1998) and Bininda-Emonds et al. (1999) supported monophyly of Amblonyx + Aonyx.	
14001122	Lutra lutra subsp. nair	F. G. Cuvier 1823	SUBSPECIES		nair	lutra		Lutra	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001123	Lutra lutra subsp. seistanica	Birula 1913	SUBSPECIES		seistanica	lutra		Lutra	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001127	Lutrogale perspicillata	I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1826	SPECIES			perspicillata		Lutrogale	Mustelidae	Carnivora	In Bory de Saint-Vincent, Dict. Class. Hist. Nat. Paris. vol.9 p.519		ellioti (Anderson, 1879); macrodus (Gray, 1865); simung (Lesson, 1827); tarayensis (Hodgson, 1839); sindica Pocock, 1940; maxwelli Hayman, 1957.	Afghanistan, Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan), Iraq, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Thailand, Vietnam.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Vulnerable.	Pocock (1941a), van Zyll de Jong (1972), and Davis (1978) placed perspicillata in the monotypic Lutrogale, considered a subgenus by Pohle (1920a); see comments under Lutra. Van Zyll de Jong's (1987) analysis placed as sister groups L. maculicollis and L. lutra+L. sumatrana. Synonyms allocated according to Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951).	Smooth-coated Otter
14001078	Aonyx capensis	Schinz 1821	SPECIES			capensis		Aonyx	Mustelidae	Carnivora	In G. Cuvier, Das Thierreich vol.1 p.211		angolae Thomas, 1908; calaboricus (Murray, 1861); coombsi Roberts, 1926; delalandi Lesson, 1827; inunguis (F. G. Cuvier, 1823); lenoiri (Rochebrune, 1888); congica Lönnberg, 1910; hindei (Thomas, 1905); helios (Heller, 1913); meneleki (Thomas, 1903); microdon Pohle, 1920; philippsi Hinton, 1921.	Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi (?), Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Côte dIvoire, Dem. Rep. Congo, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Republic of Congo, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe.	CITES  Appendix I (populations of Cameroon and Nigeria), otherwise Appendix II as A. congicus; U.S. ESA  Endangered as A. congicus microdon; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as A. capensis, Data Deficient as A. congicus.	Reviewed by Larivière (2001c, d). Synonyms allocated according to G. M. Allen (1939), and Ellerman et al. (1953). A. congica was considered a distinct species by Pohle (1920a) and van Zyll de Jong (1987). Perret and Aellen (1956) and Davis (1978) included Paraonyx philippsi and Aonyx microdon.	African Clawless Otter
14001079	Aonyx capensis subsp. capensis	Schinz 1821	SUBSPECIES		capensis	capensis		Aonyx	Mustelidae	Carnivora	In G. Cuvier, Das Thierreich vol.1 p.211						
14001080	Aonyx capensis subsp. congica	Lönnberg 1910	SUBSPECIES		congica	capensis		Aonyx	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001081	Aonyx capensis subsp. hindei	Thomas 1905	SUBSPECIES		hindei	capensis		Aonyx	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001082	Aonyx capensis subsp. meneleki	Thomas 1903	SUBSPECIES		meneleki	capensis		Aonyx	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001083	Aonyx capensis subsp. microdon	Pohle 1920	SUBSPECIES		microdon	capensis		Aonyx	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001084	Aonyx capensis subsp. philippsi	Hinton 1921	SUBSPECIES		philippsi	capensis		Aonyx	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001085	Aonyx cinerea	Illiger 1815	SPECIES			cinerea		Aonyx	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Abh. Phys. Klasse K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. vol.1804-1811 [1815] p.99		barang  Lesson, 1842; horsfieldii Gray, 1843; leptonyx (Horsfield, 1823); sernaria Nelson, 1983; swinhoei (Gray, 1867); concolor Rafinesque, 1832; indigitatus (Hodgson, 1839); sikimensis (Horsfield, 1855); fulvus Pohle, 1920; wurmbi Sody, 1933; nirnai Pocock, 1940.	Bangladesh, Burma, S China (incl.<sup> </sup>Hainan Isl), India, Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan), Laos, Malaysia (West, Sarawak, Sabah), Philippines (Palawan Isl), Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (nt) as Amblonyx cinereus.	Synonyms allocated according to Larivière (2003)	Oriental Small-clawed Otter
14001086	Aonyx cinerea subsp. cinerea	Illiger 1815	SUBSPECIES		cinerea	cinerea		Aonyx	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Abh. Phys. Klasse K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. vol.1804-1811 [1815] p.99						
14001087	Aonyx cinerea subsp. concolor	Rafinesque 1832	SUBSPECIES		concolor	cinerea		Aonyx	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001088	Aonyx cinerea subsp. nirnai	Pocock 1940	SUBSPECIES		nirnai	cinerea		Aonyx	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001089	Enhydra	Fleming 1822	GENUS					Enhydra	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Philos. Zool. vol.2 p.187	Mustela lutris Linnaeus, 1758, by monotypy (Melville and Smith, 1987).	Enhydria Zittel, 1893; Enhydris Temminck, 1838; Enhydrus Dahl, 1823; Enhydrus MacLeay, 1925; Enydris J. B. Fischer, 1829; Enydris Lichtenstein, 1827; Euhydris Jordan, 1888; Latax Gloger, 1827; Pusa Oken, 1816; Sutra Elliot, 1874.				
14001090	Enhydra lutris	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			lutris		Enhydra	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.45		gracilis (Bechstein, 1800); kamtschatica Dybowski, 1922; marina (Erxleben, 1777); orientalis (Oken, 1816); stelleri (Lesson, 1827); kenyoni Wilson, 1991; nereis (Merriam, 1904).	Canada, Russia (Sakhalin Isl, Kurile Isls, Commander Isls, Kamchatka), USA (Aleutian Isls, and S Alaska to California). Formerly in Japan (coastal Hokkaido) and Mexico (Baja California).	CITES  Appendix I as E. l. nereis; otherwise Appedix II. U.S. ESA  Threatened as E. lutris nereis in all of its range except for areas subject to U.S. jurisdiction south of Pt. Conception, CA (34°26.9' N. Lat.), where it is listed as an Experimental Non Essential Population; U.S. ESA  Candidate taxon as E. l. kenyoni; IUCN  Endangered.	Reviewed by Roest (1973), Davis and Lidicker (1975), Estes (1980), and Wilson et al. (1991). Synonyms allocated according to Wilson et al. (1991).	Sea Otter
14001091	Enhydra lutris subsp. lutris	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		lutris	lutris		Enhydra	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.45						
14001092	Enhydra lutris subsp. kenyoni	Wilson 1991	SUBSPECIES		kenyoni	lutris		Enhydra	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001093	Enhydra lutris subsp. nereis	Merriam 1904	SUBSPECIES		nereis	lutris		Enhydra	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001095	Hydrictis maculicollis	Lichtenstein 1835	SPECIES			maculicollis		Hydrictis	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Arch. Naturgesch. vol.1 p.89		chobiensis (Roberts, 1932); concolor (Neumann, 1902); grayii (Gerrard, 1862); kivuana (Pohle, 1920); malculicollis (Roberts, 1932); matschiei (Cabrera, 1903); mutandae (Hinton, 1921); nilotica Thomas, 1911; poensis (Waterhouse, 1838); tenuis (Pohle, 1919).	Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Côte dIvoire, Dem. Rep. Congo, Ethiopia, Gabon, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Vulnerable as Lutra maculicollis.	Reviewed by Larivière (2002c). Pocock (1921c) and Cabrera (1929) placed maculicollis in the monotypic Hydrictis; however, Ansell (1978) and Harris (1968) considered Hydrictis a subgenus of Lutra (see comments under Lutra). Two recent studies (Koepfli and Wayne, 1998, and Bininda-Emonds et al., 1999) concluded that inclusion in Lutra would make Lutra paraphyletic. Van Zyll de Jong (1987) and Bininda-Emonds et al. (1999) suggested that Hydrictis and Lutrogale may be sister taxa. Subspecies not recognized (Kingdon, 1997; Larivière, 2002c).	Spotted-necked Otter
14001096	Lontra	Gray 1843	GENUS					Lontra	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. [ser. 1] vol.11 p.118	Lutra canadensis Gray, 1843 ( = Lutra canadensis Shreber, 1777).				Van Zyll de Jong (1972, 1987, 1991), Koepfli and Wayne (1998), and Bininda-Emonds et al. (1999) supported the separation of New World otters (except Pteronura) into Lontra.	
14001097	Lontra canadensis	Schreber 1777	SPECIES			canadensis		Lontra	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Die Säugethiere vol.3 18 p.pl. 126.B[1776], see also text:3(26):457, 588(index)[1777]). (First occurance of name on pg. 588)		americana (Wyman, 1847); chimo (Anderson, 1945); degener (Bangs, 1898); destructor (Barnston, 1863); hudsonica (Desmarest, 1803); kodiacensis (Goldman, 1935); lataxina (Cuvier, 1823); interior (Swenk, 1920); mollis (Gray, 1843); parviceps (Gidley and Gazin, 1933); rhoadsi (Cope, 1897); vaga (Bangs, 1898); mira (Goldman, 1935); vancouverensis (Goldman, 1935); pacifica (J. A. Allen, 1898); atterima (Elliot, 1901); brevipilosus (Grinnell, 1914); californica (Baird, 1857); evexa (Goldman, 1935); extera (Goldman, 1935); nexa (Goldman, 1935); optiva (Goldman, 1935); paranensis (Elliot, 1901); preblei (Goldman, 1935), yukonensis (Goldman, 1935); periclyzomae (Elliot, 1905); sonora (Rhoads, 1898).	Canada, USA (except for arid SW desert regions), USA (historical distributions of Alaska and most of contiguous 48 states exclusive of the Central Plains).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Larivière and Walton (1998). Synonyms allocated according to Hall (1981), and Larivière and Walton (1998).	North American River Otter
14001098	Lontra canadensis subsp. canadensis	Schreber 1777	SUBSPECIES		canadensis	canadensis		Lontra	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Die Säugethiere vol.3 18 p.pl. 126.B[1776], see also text:3(26):457, 588(index)[1777]). (First occurance of name on pg. 588)						
14001099	Lontra canadensis subsp. kodiacensis	Goldman 1935	SUBSPECIES		kodiacensis	canadensis		Lontra	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001100	Lontra canadensis subsp. lataxina	Cuvier 1823	SUBSPECIES		lataxina	canadensis		Lontra	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001101	Lontra canadensis subsp. mira	Goldman 1935	SUBSPECIES		mira	canadensis		Lontra	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001102	Lontra canadensis subsp. pacifica	J. A. Allen 1898	SUBSPECIES		pacifica	canadensis		Lontra	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001103	Lontra canadensis subsp. periclyzomae	Elliot 1905	SUBSPECIES		periclyzomae	canadensis		Lontra	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001104	Lontra canadensis subsp. sonora	Rhoads 1898	SUBSPECIES		sonora	canadensis		Lontra	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001105	Lontra felina	Molina 1782	SPECIES			felina		Lontra	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Sagg. Stor. Nat. Chile p.284		brachydactyla (Wagner, 1841); californica (Gray, 1837); chilensis (Kerr, 1792); cinerea (Thomas, 1908); lutris (Larrañaga, 1923); montana (Tschudi, 1844); paranensis (Burmeister, 1861); peruensis (Pohle, 1920); peruviensis (Gervais, 1841).	Argentina (extreme S), Chile, Peru.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Endangered.	Placed in Lontra by van Zyll de Jong (1972, 1987) and Larivière (1998). Reviewed by Larivière (1998). Synonyms allocated according to Cabrera (1957).	Marine Otter
14001124	Lutra nippon	Imaizumi and Yoshiyuki 1989	SPECIES			nippon		Lutra	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Bull. Nat. Sci. Mus., Tokyo. Ser. A vol.15 3 p.178			Formerly widely distributed in Japan, now probably extinct. May now only exist on Shikoku Isl (Abe et al., 1997).	CITES  Appendix II.	Distinctiveness of the Japanese otter was supported by Suzuki et al. (1996b).	Japanese Otter
14001125	Lutra sumatrana	Gray 1865	SPECIES			sumatrana		Lutra	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1865 p.123		brunnea  Pohle, 1920; lovii Gunther, 1877.	Indonesia (Sumatra, Borneo), Cambodia, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient.		Hairy-nosed Otter
14001272	Martes zibellina subsp. tomensis	Timofeev and Nadeev 1955	SUBSPECIES		tomensis	zibellina		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001106	Lontra longicaudis	Olfers 1818	SPECIES			longicaudis		Lontra	Mustelidae	Carnivora	In Eschwege, J. Brasilien, Neue Bibliothek Reisenb. vol.15 2 p.233		latifrons (Nehring, 1887); platensis (Waterhouse, 1838); solitaria (Wagner, 1842); annectens (Major, 1897); colombiana (J. A. Allen, 1904); emerita (Thomas, 1908); latidens (J. A. Allen, 1908); mesopetes (Cabrera, 1924); parilina (Thomas, 1914); repanda (Goldman, 1914); enudris (F. G. Cuvier, 1823); incarum (Thomas, 1908); insularis (F. G. Cuvier, 1823); mitis (Thomas, 1908).	Argentina, Belize, Brazil, Columbia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered as L. longicaudis (incl. platensis); IUCN  Data Deficient.	Van Zyll de Jong (1972) included annectens, enudris, incarum, mesopetes, and platensis; however, Pohle (1920a), Cabrera (1957), and Harris (1968) recognized these as distinct species. These taxa (often referred to as the annectens group) were distinguished primarily by variation in the shape of the rhinarium; van Zyll de Jong's (1972) analysis suggested that these should be considered conspecific. Reviewed by Larivière (1999b). Synonyms allocated according to Hall (1981) and Larivière (1999b).	Neotropical Otter
14001107	Lontra longicaudis subsp. longicaudis	Olfers 1818	SUBSPECIES		longicaudis	longicaudis		Lontra	Mustelidae	Carnivora	In Eschwege, J. Brasilien, Neue Bibliothek Reisenb. vol.15 2 p.233						
14001108	Lontra longicaudis subsp. annectens	Major 1897	SUBSPECIES		annectens	longicaudis		Lontra	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001109	Lontra longicaudis subsp. enudris	F. G. Cuvier 1823	SUBSPECIES		enudris	longicaudis		Lontra	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001110	Lontra provocax	Thomas 1908	SPECIES			provocax		Lontra	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.1 p.391		huidobria (Gay, 1847) [nomen nudum]; paranensis (Thomas, 1908).	Patagonia (C and S Chile, W Argentina), between 36°S and 52°S.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Endangered.	Placed in Lontra by van Zyll de Jong (1987). Reviewed by Larivière (1999a).	Southern River Otter
14001111	Lutra	Brisson 1762	GENUS					Lutra	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Regnum Animale, Ed. 2 vol.13 p.201-203	Mustela lutra Linnaeus, 1758.	Lutris Duméril, 1806; Lutrix Rafinesque, 1815; Lutronectes Gray, 1867; Mamlutraus Herrera, 1899.			Brisson (1762) was ruled unavailable (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1955a); however, Lutra was ruled as still available (ICZN, 1998). Pocock (1921c, 1941a) recognized Lutrogale Gray, 1865, and Hydrictis Pocock, 1921. Harris (1968) and van Zyll de Jong (1987, 1991a) considered lutra, maculicollis, and sumatrana to represent a single monophyletic group; furthermore, van Zyll de Jong's analysis supported separation of perspicillata from other Lutra, which is followed here. Van Zyll de Jong (1972) referred New World otters to Lontra (see comment therein). McKenna and Bell (1997) included Lontra in Lutra; otherwise allocated according to McKenna and Bell (1997).	
14001112	Lutra lutra	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			lutra		Lutra	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.45		amurensis Dybowski, 1922; baicalensis Dybowski, 1922; fluviatilis Leach, 1816; kamtschatica Dybowski, 1922; marinus Billberg, 1827; nudipes Melchior, 1834; piscatoria (Kerr, 1792); roensis Ogilby, 1834; stejnegeri Goldman, 1936; vulgaris Erxleben, 1777; whiteleyi (Gray, 1867); angustifrons Lataste, 1885; splendida Cabrera, 1906; aurobrunneus Hodgson, 1839; nepalensis (Gray, 1865); barang F. G. Cuvier, 1823; chinensis Gray, 1837; sinensis Trouessart, 1897; hanensis Matschie, 1907; hainana Xu and Lu, 1983; kutab Schinz, 1844; meridionalis Ognev, 1931; monticolus Hodgson, 1839; nair F. G. Cuvier, 1823; ceylonica Phole, 1920; indica Gray, 1837; seistanica Birula, 1913; oxiana Birula, 1915.	Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, China, Czech Republic, Croatia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Malaysia, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, North and South Korea, Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Tajikistan, Taiwan, Tunisia, Turkey, Urkaine, Vietnam.	CITES  Appendix I; IUCN  Vulnerable.	Imaizumi and Yoshiyuki (1989) considered Japanese otters a distinct species (L. nippon). Synonyms allocated according to Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951).	European Otter
14001113	Lutra lutra subsp. lutra	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		lutra	lutra		Lutra	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.45						
14001114	Lutra lutra subsp. angustifrons	Lataste 1885	SUBSPECIES		angustifrons	lutra		Lutra	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001115	Lutra lutra subsp. aurobrunneus	Hodgson 1839	SUBSPECIES		aurobrunneus	lutra		Lutra	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001116	Lutra lutra subsp. barang	F. G. Cuvier 1823	SUBSPECIES		barang	lutra		Lutra	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001117	Lutra lutra subsp. chinensis	Gray 1837	SUBSPECIES		chinensis	lutra		Lutra	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001118	Lutra lutra subsp. hainana	Xu and Lu 1983	SUBSPECIES		hainana	lutra		Lutra	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001119	Lutra lutra subsp. kutab	Schinz 1844	SUBSPECIES		kutab	lutra		Lutra	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001120	Lutra lutra subsp. meridionalis	Ognev 1931	SUBSPECIES		meridionalis	lutra		Lutra	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001128	Lutrogale perspicillata subsp. perspicillata	I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1826	SUBSPECIES		perspicillata	perspicillata		Lutrogale	Mustelidae	Carnivora	In Bory de Saint-Vincent, Dict. Class. Hist. Nat. Paris. vol.9 p.519						
14001129	Lutrogale perspicillata subsp. sindica	Pocock 1940	SUBSPECIES		sindica	perspicillata		Lutrogale	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001130	Pteronura	Gray 1837	GENUS					Pteronura	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Mag. Nat. Hist. [Charlesworth's] vol.1 p.580	Pteronura sambachii Gray, 1837 (= Mustela brasilinesis Gmelin, 1788), by monotypy (Melville and Smith, 1987).	Pterura Wiegmann, 1839; Saricovia Lesson, 1842.				
14001131	Pteronura brasiliensis	Gmelin 1788	SPECIES			brasiliensis		Pteronura	Mustelidae	Carnivora	In Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 13th ed. vol.1 p.93		brasiliana (Shaw, 1800); lupina (Schinz, 1821); lupina Thomas, 1889; sambachii Gray, 1837; sanbachii (Wiegmann, 1838); sandbachii Gray, 1865; paraguensis (Schinz, 1821); brasiliensis (Boitard, 1845); paranensis (Rengger, 1830).	Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Endangered.	See lengthy comments by Harris (1968) concerning the correct identity of the type, the confusion in published synonomies, and the type locality. Synonyms allocated according to Cabrera (1957).	Giant Otter
14001132	Pteronura brasiliensis subsp. brasiliensis	Gmelin 1788	SUBSPECIES		brasiliensis	brasiliensis		Pteronura	Mustelidae	Carnivora	In Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 13th ed. vol.1 p.93						
14001133	Pteronura brasiliensis subsp. paraguensis	Schinz 1821	SUBSPECIES		paraguensis	brasiliensis		Pteronura	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001134	Mustelinae	Fischer 1817	SUBFAMILY						Mustelidae	Carnivora	Mém. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscow vol.5 p.372					Includes taxa traditionally included elsewhere (Melinae, Guloninae, Taxidiinae, and Mellivorinae); see comments under family heading.	
14001135	Arctonyx	F. G. Cuvier 1825	GENUS					Arctonyx	Mustelidae	Carnivora	In E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and F. G. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mammifères, pt. 3 vol.5 51 p."Bali-saur", 2 pp., 1 pl.	Arctonyx collaris F. G. Cuvier, 1825.	Syarchus  Gloger, 1841; Synarchus Gray, 1865; Trichomanis Hubrecht, 1891.			Revised by Lönnberg (1923a) and Pocock (1940a).	
14001136	Arctonyx collaris	F. G. Cuvier 1825	SPECIES			collaris		Arctonyx	Mustelidae	Carnivora	In E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and F. G. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mammifères, pt. 3 vol.5 51 p."Bali-saur", 2 pp., 1 pl.		isonyx Horsfield, 1856; taraiyensis (Gray, 1863); taxoides (Blyth, 1853); albogularis (Blyth, 1853); incultus Thomas, 1922; obscurus (Milne-Edwards, 1871); orestes Thomas, 1911; consul Pocock 1940; dictator Thomas, 1910; annaeus Thomas, 1921; hoevenii (Hubrecht, 1891); leucolaemus (Milne-Edwards, 1867); milne-edwardsii Lönnberg, 1923.	Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma, China, India, Indonesia (Sumatra), Laos, W Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Synonyms allocated according to Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951).	Hog Badger
14001137	Arctonyx collaris subsp. collaris	F. G. Cuvier 1825	SUBSPECIES		collaris	collaris		Arctonyx	Mustelidae	Carnivora	In E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and F. G. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mammifères, pt. 3 vol.5 51 p."Bali-saur", 2 pp., 1 pl.						
14001138	Arctonyx collaris subsp. albogularis	Blyth 1853	SUBSPECIES		albogularis	collaris		Arctonyx	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001139	Arctonyx collaris subsp. consul	Pocock 1940	SUBSPECIES		consul	collaris		Arctonyx	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001140	Arctonyx collaris subsp. dictator	Thomas 1910	SUBSPECIES		dictator	collaris		Arctonyx	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001141	Arctonyx collaris subsp. hoevenii	Hubrecht 1891	SUBSPECIES		hoevenii	collaris		Arctonyx	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001142	Arctonyx collaris subsp. leucolaemus	Milne-Edwards 1867	SUBSPECIES		leucolaemus	collaris		Arctonyx	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001143	Eira	C. E. H. Smith 1842	GENUS					Eira	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Jardine's Natur. Libr. vol.35 p.201	Mustela barbara Linnaeus, 1758.	Eirara  Lund, 1839; Eraria Gray, 1843; Galera Gray, 1843; Tayra Palmer, 1904.				
14001273	Martes zibellina subsp. tungussensis	Kuznetsov 1944	SUBSPECIES		tungussensis	zibellina		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001165	Gulo	Pallas 1780	GENUS					Gulo	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Spicil. Zool. vol.14 p.25	Gulo sibiricus Pallas, 1780 (= [Mustela] gulo Linnaeus, 1758), by absolute tautonymy (Melville and Smith, 1987).				Corbet (1978) attributed Gulo to Storr (1780). Gulo Frisch, 1775, is invalid (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1954b). Placed in subfamily Guloninae according to McKenna and Bell (1997).	
14001316	Melogale orientalis	Horsfield 1821	SPECIES			orientalis		Melogale	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Zool. Res. Java. p.plate and 4 pages of text		maccourus (Temminck, 1824); sundaicus (Sody, 1937).	Indonesia (Java).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).		Javan Ferret-badger
14001144	Eira barbara	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			barbara		Eira	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.46		barbatus (Desmarest, 1820); canescens (Lichtenstein, 1825); gulina (Schinz, 1821); kriegi (Krumbiegal, 1942); tucumana (Lönnberg, 1913); biologiae (Thomas, 1900); inserta (J. A. Allen, 1908); madeirensis (Lönnberg, 1913); peruana (Osgood, 1914); peruana (Tschudi, 1844); brunnea (Thomas, 1907); poliocephala (Traill, 1821); ilya Smith, 1842; leira (Cuvier, 1849); senex (Thomas, 1900); senilis (J. A. Allen, 1913); sinuensis (Humboldt, 1812); bimaculata (Martinez, 1873); irara (J. A. Allen, 1901).	Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico (Sinaloa and Tamaulipas), Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Surinam, Trinidad, Venezuela.	CITES  Appendix III (Honduras); IUCN  Vulnerable as E. b. senex, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Thomas (1900a), Lönnberg (1913), and Presley (2000). Synonyms allocated according to Cabrera (1957), Hall (1981), and Presley (2000).	Tayra
14001145	Eira barbara subsp. barbara	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		barbara	barbara		Eira	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.46						
14001146	Eira barbara subsp. biologiae	Thomas 1900	SUBSPECIES		biologiae	barbara		Eira	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001147	Eira barbara subsp. inserta	J. A. Allen 1908	SUBSPECIES		inserta	barbara		Eira	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001148	Eira barbara subsp. madeirensis	Lönnberg 1913	SUBSPECIES		madeirensis	barbara		Eira	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001149	Eira barbara subsp. peruana	Tschudi 1844	SUBSPECIES		peruana	barbara		Eira	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001150	Eira barbara subsp. poliocephala	Traill 1821	SUBSPECIES		poliocephala	barbara		Eira	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001151	Eira barbara subsp. senex	Thomas 1900	SUBSPECIES		senex	barbara		Eira	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001152	Eira barbara subsp. senilis	J. A. Allen 1913	SUBSPECIES		senilis	barbara		Eira	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001153	Eira barbara subsp. sinuensis	Humboldt 1812	SUBSPECIES		sinuensis	barbara		Eira	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001154	Galictis	Bell 1826	GENUS					Galictis	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Zool. J. vol.2 p.552	Viverra vittata Schreber, 1776, by original designation.	Galictes  Bell, 1837; Gallictis Waterhouse, 1839; Grison Oken, 1816; Grisonella Thomas, 1912; Grisonia Gray, 1865; Gulo Desmarest, 1820; Huro I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1835; Mustela Bechstein, 1800.				
14001155	Galictis cuja	Molina 1782	SPECIES			cuja		Galictis	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Sagg. Stor. Nat. Chile p.291		chilensis Ihering, 1886; melina (Thomas, 1912); quiqui (Molina, 1782); ratellina (Thomas, 1921); shiptoni (Thomas, 1926); vittata Gay, 1847; furax (Thomas, 1907); albifrons (Larrañaga, 1923); brasiliensis (d'Orbigny, 1838) [preoccupied]; vittata (Schreber, 1776) [preoccupied]; huronax (Thomas, 1921); barbara Hudson, 1903; furax (Thomas, 1907); vittata Burmeister, 1897 [preoccupied]; luteola (Thomas, 1907).	Argentina, Bolivia, Peru, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Yensen and Tarifa (2003b).	Lesser Grison
14001156	Galictis cuja subsp. cuja	Molina 1782	SUBSPECIES		cuja	cuja		Galictis	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Sagg. Stor. Nat. Chile p.291						
14001157	Galictis cuja subsp. furax	Thomas 1907	SUBSPECIES		furax	cuja		Galictis	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001158	Galictis cuja subsp. huronax	Thomas 1921	SUBSPECIES		huronax	cuja		Galictis	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001159	Galictis cuja subsp. luteola	Thomas 1907	SUBSPECIES		luteola	cuja		Galictis	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001160	Galictis vittata	Schreber 1776	SPECIES			vittata		Galictis	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Säugethiere vol.3 18 p.pl. 124[1776], see also text, 3(26):418, 447[1777]		allamandi (Göldi and Hagmann, 1904); gujanensis (Bechstein, 1800); andina (Thomas, 1903); brasiliensis (Thunberg, 1820); aliamandi (Ihering, 1911); allamandi Bell, 1841; crassidens Nehring, 1885; intermedia Lund, 1845; canaster (Nelson, 1901).	Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico (San Luis Potosi and Veracruz), Panama, Peru, Venezuela.	CITES  Appendix III (Costa Rica).	Krumbiegel (1942) included allamandi. Reviewed by Yensen and Tarifa (2003a).	Greater Grison
14001161	Galictis vittata subsp. vittata	Schreber 1776	SUBSPECIES		vittata	vittata		Galictis	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Säugethiere vol.3 18 p.pl. 124[1776], see also text, 3(26):418, 447[1777]						
14001162	Galictis vittata subsp. andina	Thomas 1903	SUBSPECIES		andina	vittata		Galictis	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001163	Galictis vittata subsp. brasiliensis	Thunberg 1820	SUBSPECIES		brasiliensis	vittata		Galictis	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001166	Gulo gulo	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			gulo		Gulo	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.45		arcticus Desmarest, 1820; arctos Kaup, 1829; biedermanni Matschie, 1918; borealis Nilsson, 1820; kamtschaticus Dybowsky, 1922; luscus Trouessart, 1910; sibirica Pallas, 1780; vulgaris Oken, 1816; wachei Matschie, 1918; albus (Kerr, 1702); katschemakensis Matschie, 1918; luscus (Linnaeus, 1758); auduboni Matschie, 1918; bairdi Matschie, 1918; hylaeus Elliot, 1905; luscus Sabine, 1823; niediecki Matschie, 1918; luteus Elliot, 1904; vancouverensis Goldman, 1935.	Canada, China (Heilongiang, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia), Finland, Mongolia, Norway, Russia, Sweden, USA (Alaska, Wyoming, Idaho, Montana)	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Degerbøl (1935) and Kurtén and Rausch (1959) demonstrated that gulo and luscus are conspecific. Reviewed by Pasitschniak-Arts and Larivière (1995). Synonyms allocated according to Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) and Pasitschniak-Arts and Larivière (1995).	Wolverine
14001167	Gulo gulo subsp. gulo	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		gulo	gulo		Gulo	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.45						
14001168	Gulo gulo subsp. albus	Kerr 1702	SUBSPECIES		albus	gulo		Gulo	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001169	Gulo gulo subsp. katschemakensis	Matschie 1918	SUBSPECIES		katschemakensis	gulo		Gulo	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001170	Gulo gulo subsp. luscus	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		luscus	gulo		Gulo	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001171	Gulo gulo subsp. luteus	Elliot 1904	SUBSPECIES		luteus	gulo		Gulo	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001172	Gulo gulo subsp. vancouverensis	Goldman 1935	SUBSPECIES		vancouverensis	gulo		Gulo	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001173	Ictonyx	Kaup 1835	GENUS					Ictonyx	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Das Thierreich in Seinen Hauptformen vol.1 p.352	Ictonyx capensis Kaup, 1835 (= Bradypus striatus Perry, 1810) (Melville and Smith, 1987).	Ictidonyx  Agassiz, 1846; Ictomys Roberts, 1936; Ozolictis Gloger, 1841; Poecilictis Thomas and Hinton, 1920; Rhabdogale Wiegmann, 1838; Zorilla I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1826.			There is considerable controversy over the correct name for this genus (Hershkovitz, 1955b; Van Gelder, 1966). Zorilla Oken (1816) is invalid (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1956b). Zorilla I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (1826), was suppressed under the plenary powers for the purposes of the Principle of Priority (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1967). Rosevear (1974) strongly suggested, and Dekeyser (1955) and Niethammer (1987a) argued that Poecilictis and Ictonyx are congeneric. The principal skull features used to erect the new genus by Thomas and Hinton (1920) could not be supported when a more extensive series of specimens was measured (Rosevear, 1974).	
14001174	Ictonyx libyca	Hemprich and Ehrenberg 1833	SPECIES			libyca		Ictonyx	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Symb. Phys. Mamm. vol.vol. 1 pt. 2, sig. K p.verso		multivittata  (Wagner, 1841); frenata Sundevall, 1842; vaillantii (Loche, 1856); oralis (Thomas and Hinton, 1920); rothschildi (Thomas and Hinton, 1920).	Burkina Faso, Chad, Egypt, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Nigeria, Sudan, Tunisia, Western Sahara.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Thomas and Hinton (1920), and Baryshnikov and Abramov (1997, 1998) placed it in Poecilictis. Synonyms allocated according to G. M. Allen (1939) and Ellerman et al. (1953).	Saharan Striped Polecat
14001175	Ictonyx libyca subsp. libyca	Hemprich and Ehrenberg 1833	SUBSPECIES		libyca	libyca		Ictonyx	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Symb. Phys. Mamm. vol.vol. 1 pt. 2, sig. K p.verso						
14001176	Ictonyx libyca subsp. multivittata	Wagner 1841	SUBSPECIES		multivittata	libyca		Ictonyx	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001177	Ictonyx libyca subsp. oralis	Thomas and Hinton 1920	SUBSPECIES		oralis	libyca		Ictonyx	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001178	Ictonyx libyca subsp. rothschildi	Thomas and Hinton 1920	SUBSPECIES		rothschildi	libyca		Ictonyx	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001203	Martes	Pinel 1792	GENUS					Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Actes Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.1 p.55	Martes domestica Pinel, 1792 (= Mustela foina Erxleben, 1777).	Charronia  Gray, 1865; Foiana Gray, 1865; Lamprogale Ognev, 1928; Mustela Blasius, 1857; Pekania Gray, 1865; Zibellina Kaup, 1829.			Stone and Cooks (2002) cytochrome b data suggested that the recognition of Martes as here understood (to the exclusion of Gulo) would make the genus paraphyletic.	
14001292	Mellivora	Storr 1780	GENUS					Mellivora	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Prodr. Meth. Mamm. p.p. 34, Tabl. A	Viverra ratel Sparrman, 1777 (= Viverra capensis Schreber, 1776), by designation (Sclater, 1900); (Melville and Smith, 1987).	Lipotus  Sundevall, 1843; Melitoryx Gloger, 1841; Melivora Gray, 1847; Ratellus Gray, 1827; Rattelus Swainson, 1835; Ratelus Gray, 1825; Ursitaxus Hodgson, 1835; Ursotaxus Blyth, 1840.			Placed in Mellivorinae by McKenna and Bell (1997).	
13802558	Myotis velifer subsp. brevis	Vaughan 1954	SUBSPECIES		brevis	velifer		Myotis	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
14001317	Melogale orientalis subsp. orientalis	Horsfield 1821	SUBSPECIES		orientalis	orientalis		Melogale	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Zool. Res. Java. p.plate and 4 pages of text						
14001179	Ictonyx striatus	Perry 1810	SPECIES			striatus		Ictonyx	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Arcana, Mus. Nat. Hist. Signature Y p.Fig. [41][1810]		capensis (A. Smith, 1826); mustelina (Wagner, 1841); pondoensis Roberts, 1924; variegata (Lesson, 1842); albescens Heller, 1913; arenarius Roberts, 1924; elgonis Granvik, 1924; erythreae de Winton, 1898; ghansiensis Roberts, 1932; nigricaudus Roberts, 1932; giganteus Roberts, 1932; intermedius Anderson and de Winton, 1902; kalaharicus Roberts, 1932; lancasteri Roberts, 1932; limpopoensis Roberts, 1917; maximus Roberts, 1924; obscuratus de Beaux, 1924; orangiae Roberts, 1924; ovamboensis Roberts, 1951; pretoriae Roberts, 1924; senegalensis (J. B. Fischer, 1829); shoae Thomas, 1906; shortridgei Roberts, 1932.	Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Cote dIvoire, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Republic of Congo, Senegal, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Larivière (2002b). See Hollister (1918) on the use of this name. Synonyms allocated according to Ellerman et al. (1953).	Striped Polecat
14001180	Ictonyx striatus subsp. striatus	Perry 1810	SUBSPECIES		striatus	striatus		Ictonyx	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Arcana, Mus. Nat. Hist. Signature Y p.Fig. [41][1810]						
14001181	Ictonyx striatus subsp. albescens	Heller 1913	SUBSPECIES		albescens	striatus		Ictonyx	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001182	Ictonyx striatus subsp. arenarius	Roberts 1924	SUBSPECIES		arenarius	striatus		Ictonyx	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001183	Ictonyx striatus subsp. elgonis	Granvik 1924	SUBSPECIES		elgonis	striatus		Ictonyx	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001184	Ictonyx striatus subsp. erythreae	de Winton 1898	SUBSPECIES		erythreae	striatus		Ictonyx	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001185	Ictonyx striatus subsp. ghansiensis	Roberts 1932	SUBSPECIES		ghansiensis	striatus		Ictonyx	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001186	Ictonyx striatus subsp. giganteus	Roberts 1932	SUBSPECIES		giganteus	striatus		Ictonyx	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001187	Ictonyx striatus subsp. intermedius	Anderson and de Winton 1902	SUBSPECIES		intermedius	striatus		Ictonyx	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001188	Ictonyx striatus subsp. kalaharicus	Roberts 1932	SUBSPECIES		kalaharicus	striatus		Ictonyx	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001189	Ictonyx striatus subsp. lancasteri	Roberts 1932	SUBSPECIES		lancasteri	striatus		Ictonyx	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001190	Ictonyx striatus subsp. limpopoensis	Roberts 1917	SUBSPECIES		limpopoensis	striatus		Ictonyx	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001191	Ictonyx striatus subsp. maximus	Roberts 1924	SUBSPECIES		maximus	striatus		Ictonyx	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001192	Ictonyx striatus subsp. obscuratus	de Beaux 1924	SUBSPECIES		obscuratus	striatus		Ictonyx	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001193	Ictonyx striatus subsp. orangiae	Roberts 1924	SUBSPECIES		orangiae	striatus		Ictonyx	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001194	Ictonyx striatus subsp. ovamboensis	Roberts 1951	SUBSPECIES		ovamboensis	striatus		Ictonyx	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001195	Ictonyx striatus subsp. pretoriae	Roberts 1924	SUBSPECIES		pretoriae	striatus		Ictonyx	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001196	Ictonyx striatus subsp. senegalensis	J. B. Fischer 1829	SUBSPECIES		senegalensis	striatus		Ictonyx	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001197	Ictonyx striatus subsp. shoae	Thomas 1906	SUBSPECIES		shoae	striatus		Ictonyx	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001198	Ictonyx striatus subsp. shortridgei	Roberts 1932	SUBSPECIES		shortridgei	striatus		Ictonyx	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001199	Lyncodon	Gervais 1845	GENUS					Lyncodon	Mustelidae	Carnivora	In d'Orbigny, Dict. Univ. Hist. Nat. vol.4 p.685	Mustela patagonica de Blainville, 1842.					
14001200	Lyncodon patagonicus	de Blainville 1842	SPECIES			patagonicus		Lyncodon	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Osteogr. Mamm vol.pt. 10 (Viverra) p.1		anticola (Burmeister, 1869); quiqui (Burmeister, 1861); lujanensis Ameghino, 1889; thomasi Cabrera, 1928.	Argentina and S Chile.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Synonyms allocated according to Cabrera (1957).	Patagonian Weasel
14001201	Lyncodon patagonicus subsp. patagonicus	de Blainville 1842	SUBSPECIES		patagonicus	patagonicus		Lyncodon	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Osteogr. Mamm vol.pt. 10 (Viverra) p.1						
14001202	Lyncodon patagonicus subsp. thomasi	Cabrera 1928	SUBSPECIES		thomasi	patagonicus		Lyncodon	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001224	Martes flavigula subsp. indochinensis	Kloss 1916	SUBSPECIES		indochinensis	flavigula		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001204	Martes americana	Turton 1806	SPECIES			americana		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora	In Linnaeus, Gen. Syst. Nat. vol.1 p.60		huro (F. Cuvier, 1823); leucopus (Kuhl, 1820); martinus (Ames, 1874); abieticola (Preble, 1902); abietinoides Gray, 1865; actuosa (Osgood, 1900); boria (Elliot, 1905); atrata (Bangs, 1897); brumalis (Bangs, 1898); caurina (Merriam, 1890); humboldtensis Grinnell and Dixon, 1926; kenaiensis (Elliot, 1903); nesophila (Osgood, 1901); origensis (Rhoads, 1902); sierrae Grinnell and Storer, 1916; vancourverensis Grinnell and Dixon, 1926; vulpina (Rafinesque, 1819).	Canada, USA (Alaska to N California, south in the Sierra Nevada and Rocky Mtns to 35°N, Maine, Minnesota, New York).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	May be conspecific with martes, melampus, and zibellina (Anderson, 1970; Hagmeier, 1961). Reviewed by Clark et al. (1987) who considered New World forms as a distinct species agreeing with Youngman (1975). Carr and Hicks (1997) recognized two distinct species based on genetic data (M. americana  Eastern North America; M. caurina  Pacific Northwest and the Great Plains). However, most have recognized that there are two distinct subspecies groups  "caurina" and "americana" (Anderson, 1970; Clark et al., 1987; Graham and Graham, 1994; Hagmeier, 1961; Stone and Cook, 2002). Synonyms allocated according to Hall (1981) and Clark et al. (1987). Stone and Cook (2002) placed in the subgenus Martes.	American Marten
14001205	Martes americana subsp. americana	Turton 1806	SUBSPECIES		americana	americana		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora	In Linnaeus, Gen. Syst. Nat. vol.1 p.60						
14001206	Martes americana subsp. abieticola	Preble 1902	SUBSPECIES		abieticola	americana		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001207	Martes americana subsp. abietinoides	Gray 1865	SUBSPECIES		abietinoides	americana		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001208	Martes americana subsp. actuosa	Osgood 1900	SUBSPECIES		actuosa	americana		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001209	Martes americana subsp. atrata	Bangs 1897	SUBSPECIES		atrata	americana		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001210	Martes americana subsp. caurina	Merriam 1890	SUBSPECIES		caurina	americana		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001211	Martes americana subsp. humboldtensis	Grinnell and Dixon 1926	SUBSPECIES		humboldtensis	americana		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001212	Martes americana subsp. kenaiensis	Elliot 1903	SUBSPECIES		kenaiensis	americana		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001213	Martes americana subsp. nesophila	Osgood 1901	SUBSPECIES		nesophila	americana		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001214	Martes americana subsp. origensis	Rhoads 1902	SUBSPECIES		origensis	americana		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001215	Martes americana subsp. sierrae	Grinnell and Storer 1916	SUBSPECIES		sierrae	americana		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001216	Martes americana subsp. vancourverensis	Grinnell and Dixon 1926	SUBSPECIES		vancourverensis	americana		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001217	Martes americana subsp. vulpina	Rafinesque 1819	SUBSPECIES		vulpina	americana		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001218	Martes flavigula	Boddaert 1785	SPECIES			flavigula		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Elench. Anim. vol.1 p.88		chrysogaster (C. E. H. Smith, 1842); hardwickei (Horsfield, 1828); kuatunensis (Bonhote, 1901); leucotis (Bechstein, 1800); melina (Kerr, 1792); melli (Matschie, 1922); quadricolor (Shaw, 1800); szetchuensis (Hilzheimer, 1910); typica (Bonhote, 1901); yuenshanensis (Shih, 1930); borealis (Radde, 1862); koreana (Mori, 1922); chrysospila Swinhoe, 1866; xanthospila Swinhoe, 1870; hainana Hsu and Wu, 1981; henrici (Schinz, 1845); lasiotis (Temminck, 1892); indochinensis Kloss, 1916; peninsularis (Bonhote, 1901); robinsoni (Pocock, 1936); saba Chasen and Kloss, 1931.	China, India, Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, and Borneo), North and South Korea, Pakistan, Russia, Taiwan, Vietnam.	CITES  Appendix III (India); U.S. ESA  Endangered as M. f. chrysospila; IUCN  Endangered as M. f. robinsoni, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	Pocock (1936a) and Baryshnikov and Abramov (1997, 1998) separated flavigula from other Martes and placed in the genus Lamprogale based on bacular morphology. Rozhnov (1995) separated the subspecies henrici, hainana, and peninsularis into M. lasiotis. Allocated according to Pocock (1936a), Chasen (1940), Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), and Rozhnov (1995). Stone and Cook (2002) supported placing in the subgenus Charronia Gray, 1865.	Yellow-throated Marten
14001219	Martes flavigula subsp. flavigula	Boddaert 1785	SUBSPECIES		flavigula	flavigula		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Elench. Anim. vol.1 p.88						
14001220	Martes flavigula subsp. borealis	Radde 1862	SUBSPECIES		borealis	flavigula		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001221	Martes flavigula subsp. chrysospila	Swinhoe 1866	SUBSPECIES		chrysospila	flavigula		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001222	Martes flavigula subsp. hainana	Hsu and Wu 1981	SUBSPECIES		hainana	flavigula		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001318	Melogale orientalis subsp. sundaicus	Sody 1937	SUBSPECIES		sundaicus	orientalis		Melogale	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001228	Martes foina	Erxleben 1777	SPECIES			foina		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Syst. Regni Anim. vol.1 p.458		alba (Bechstein, 1801); domestica Pinel, 1792; fagorum (Fatio, 1869); bosniaca Brass, 1911; bunites (Bate, 1906); kozlovi Ognev, 1931; intermedia (Severtzov, 1873); altaica Satunin, 1914; leucolachnaea Blanford, 1879; mediterranea (Barrett-Hamilton, 1898); milleri Festa, 1914; nehringi (Satunin, 1906); rosanowi Martino and Martino, 1917; syriaca (Nehring, 1902); toufoeus (Hodgson, 1842).	Afghanistan, Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, China, Crete, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Moldova, Mongolia, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain (incl. Ibiza Isl), Switzerland, Ukraine.	CITES  Appendix III (India) as M. f. intermedia; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Synonyms allocated according to Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951). Stone and Cook (2002) placed it in the subgenus Martes.	Beech Marten
14001229	Martes foina subsp. foina	Erxleben 1777	SUBSPECIES		foina	foina		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Syst. Regni Anim. vol.1 p.458						
14001230	Martes foina subsp. bosniaca	Brass 1911	SUBSPECIES		bosniaca	foina		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001231	Martes foina subsp. bunites	Bate 1906	SUBSPECIES		bunites	foina		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001232	Martes foina subsp. kozlovi	Ognev 1931	SUBSPECIES		kozlovi	foina		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001233	Martes foina subsp. intermedia	Severtzov 1873	SUBSPECIES		intermedia	foina		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001234	Martes foina subsp. mediterranea	Barrett-Hamilton 1898	SUBSPECIES		mediterranea	foina		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001235	Martes foina subsp. milleri	Festa 1914	SUBSPECIES		milleri	foina		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001236	Martes foina subsp. nehringi	Satunin 1906	SUBSPECIES		nehringi	foina		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001237	Martes foina subsp. rosanowi	Martino and Martino 1917	SUBSPECIES		rosanowi	foina		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001238	Martes foina subsp. syriaca	Nehring 1902	SUBSPECIES		syriaca	foina		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001239	Martes foina subsp. toufoeus	Hodgson 1842	SUBSPECIES		toufoeus	foina		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001240	Martes gwatkinsii	Horsfield 1851	SPECIES			gwatkinsii		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Cat. Mamm. Mus. E. India Co. p.90			S India.	CITES  Appendix III (India); IUCN  Vulnerable.	Included in Martes flavigula by Corbet (1978), Honacki et al. (1982), and Corbet and Hill (1992); however, separated by Bonhote (1901b), Pocock (1936a, 1941a), Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), Anderson (1970) and Rozhnov (1995). Pocock (1936a) placed gwatkinsii and flavigula in the genus Lamprogale.	Nilgiri Marten
14001241	Martes martes	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			martes		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.46		abietum Gray, 1865; sylvatica (Nilsson, 1820); sylvestris (Oken, 1816); vulgaris Griffith, 1827; borealis Kuznetsov, 1944; kuznetsovi Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987; sabaneevi Jurgenson, 1947; latinorum (Barrett-Hamilton, 1904); lorenzi Ognev, 1926; minoricensis Alcover, Delibes, Gosálbez, and Nadal, 1987; notialis (Cavazza, 1912); ruthena Ognev, 1926; uralensis Kuznetsov, 1941.	Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Corsica, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Sardinia, Sicily, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain (incl. Mallorca and Minorca Isls), Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	May be conspecific with americana, melampus, and zibellina (Anderson, 1970; Hagmeier, 1961). Synonyms allocated according to Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951). Stone and Cook (2002) suggested a close relationship with zibellina, and placed in the subgenus Martes.	European Pine Marten
14001242	Martes martes subsp. martes	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		martes	martes		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.46						
14001243	Martes martes subsp. borealis	Kuznetsov 1944	SUBSPECIES		borealis	martes		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001244	Martes martes subsp. latinorum	Barrett-Hamilton 1904	SUBSPECIES		latinorum	martes		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001245	Martes martes subsp. lorenzi	Ognev 1926	SUBSPECIES		lorenzi	martes		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001246	Martes martes subsp. minoricensis	Alcover, Delibes, Gosálbez, and Nadal 1987	SUBSPECIES		minoricensis	martes		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001247	Martes martes subsp. notialis	Cavazza 1912	SUBSPECIES		notialis	martes		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001250	Martes melampus	Wagner 1840	SPECIES			melampus		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora	In Schreber, Die Säugethiere. Suppl. vol.2 p.229		bedfordi (Thomas, 1905); japonica Gray, 1865; melanopus Gray, 1865; coreensis Kuroda and Mori, 1923; tsuensis (Thomas, 1897).	Japan (Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku, Tsushima, introduced on Sado and Hokkaido Isls); <sup>North and South Korea.</sup>	IUCN  Vulnerable as M. m. tsuensis, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	May be conspecific with americana, martes, and zibellina (Anderson, 1970; Hagmeier, 1961). Heptner et al. (1967) included Japanese and Korean melampus in zibellina. Synonyms allocated according to Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951). Stone and Cook (2002) placed it in the subgenus Martes.	Japanese Marten
14001251	Martes melampus subsp. melampus	Wagner 1840	SUBSPECIES		melampus	melampus		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora	In Schreber, Die Säugethiere. Suppl. vol.2 p.229						
14001252	Martes melampus subsp. coreensis	Kuroda and Mori 1923	SUBSPECIES		coreensis	melampus		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001253	Martes melampus subsp. tsuensis	Thomas 1897	SUBSPECIES		tsuensis	melampus		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001254	Martes pennanti	Erxleben 1777	SPECIES			pennanti		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Syst. Regni Anim. vol.1 p.470		alba (Richardson, 1829); canadensis (Schreber, 1777); godmani (Fischer, 1829); melanorhyncha (Boddaert, 1784); nigra (Kerr, 1792); piscatoria (Lesson, 1827); columbiana Goldman, 1935; pacifica Rhoads, 1898.	Canada (Yukon to E Quebec), USA (Sierra Nevadas, N Rocky Mtns; Minnesota, N Wisconsin, Michigan upper peninsula, New York, Maine).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Powell (1981); Goldman (1935) recognized three subspecies; Hagmeier (1961) concluded that subspecies could not be recognized. Synonyms allocated according to Hall (1981) and Powell (1981). Stone and Cook (2002) placed it in the subgenus Pekania Gray, 1865, and suggested that pennanti and Gulo gulo may form a monophyletic group, which would make Martes paraphyletic.	Fisher
14001255	Martes pennanti subsp. pennanti	Erxleben 1777	SUBSPECIES		pennanti	pennanti		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Syst. Regni Anim. vol.1 p.470						
14001256	Martes pennanti subsp. columbiana	Goldman 1935	SUBSPECIES		columbiana	pennanti		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001257	Martes pennanti subsp. pacifica	Rhoads 1898	SUBSPECIES		pacifica	pennanti		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001258	Martes zibellina	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			zibellina		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.46		alba (Brandt, 1855); asiatica (Brandt, 1855); fusco-flavescens (Brandt, 1855); maculata (Brandt, 1855); ochracea (Brandt, 1855); rupestris (Brandt, 1855); sylvestris (Brandt, 1855); angarensis Timofeev and Nadeev, 1955; arsenjevi Kuznetsov, 1944; averini Bashanov, 1943; altaica Jurgenson, 1947; jurgensoni Rossolimo and Pavlinov, 1987; brachyura (Temminck, 1844); ilimpiensis Timofeev and Nadeev, 1955; jakutensis Novikov, 1956; kamtschadalica (Birula, 1919); coreensis Kishida, 1927; hamgyenensis Kishida, 1927; kamtschatica (Dybowski, 1922); obscura Timofeev and Nadeev, 1955; princeps (Birula, 1922); baicalensis (Dybowski, 1922); vitimensis Timofeev and Nadeev, 1955; sahalinensis Ognev, 1925; sajanensis Ognev, 1925; schantaricus Kuznetsov, 1941; tomensis Timofeev and Nadeev, 1955; tungussensis Kuznetsov, 1944; yeniseensis Ognev, 1925.	China (Xinjiang to NE), Japan (Hokkaido); Mongolia, North Korea, Russia (Ural Mtns to Siberia, Kamchatka, Sakhalin).	IUCN  Data Deficient as M. z. brachyura, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Pavlinin (1966). May be conspecific with americana, martes, and melampus (Anderson, 1970; Hagmeier, 1961). Heptner et al. (1967) included Japanese and Korean melampus in zibellina. Synonyms allocated according to Heptner et al. (1967). Stone and Cook (2002) placed it in the subgenus Martes.	Sable
14001259	Martes zibellina subsp. zibellina	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		zibellina	zibellina		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.46						
14001260	Martes zibellina subsp. angarensis	Timofeev and Nadeev 1955	SUBSPECIES		angarensis	zibellina		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001261	Martes zibellina subsp. arsenjevi	Kuznetsov 1944	SUBSPECIES		arsenjevi	zibellina		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001262	Martes zibellina subsp. averini	Bashanov 1943	SUBSPECIES		averini	zibellina		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001263	Martes zibellina subsp. brachyura	Temminck 1844	SUBSPECIES		brachyura	zibellina		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001264	Martes zibellina subsp. ilimpiensis	Timofeev and Nadeev 1955	SUBSPECIES		ilimpiensis	zibellina		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001265	Martes zibellina subsp. jakutensis	Novikov 1956	SUBSPECIES		jakutensis	zibellina		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001266	Martes zibellina subsp. kamtschadalica	Birula 1919	SUBSPECIES		kamtschadalica	zibellina		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001267	Martes zibellina subsp. obscura	Timofeev and Nadeev 1955	SUBSPECIES		obscura	zibellina		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001268	Martes zibellina subsp. princeps	Birula 1922	SUBSPECIES		princeps	zibellina		Martes	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001338	Mustela erminea subsp. anguinae	Hall 1932	SUBSPECIES		anguinae	erminea		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001275	Meles	Brisson 1762	GENUS					Meles	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Regnum Animale p.13	[Ursus] meles Linnaeus, 1758.	Eumeles  Gray, 1865; Meledes Kastschenko, 1925; Melesium Rafinesque, 1815; Taxus E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and G. Cuvier, 1795.			Many authors considered Meles monotypic (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; Heptner et al., 1967; Long and Killingley, 1983; Novikov, 1956; Stroganov, 1962). However, others supported the position that European and Asian badgers are not conspecific (Aristov and Baryshnikov, 2001; Baryshnikov and Potapova, 1990; Kastschenko, 1902; Neal, 1948; Ognev, 1931; Satunin, 1914). Kurose et al. (2001) argued that Meles is heterogeneous. Recent morphological studies (Abramov, 2001, 2002) support the separation of Meles into several species. Species and subspecies allocated following Abramov (2001, 2002).	
14001276	Meles anakuma	Temminck 1844	SPECIES			anakuma		Meles	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Fauna Japon., Mamm. vol.30 p.pl. 6			Japan (Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku).		Heptner et al. (1967) and Baryshnikov and Potapova (1990) considered anakuma a subspecies of Asian badger. However, Abramov (2001, 2002) supported the recognition of these forms as distinct.	Japanese Badger
14001277	Meles leucurus	Hodgson 1847	SPECIES			leucurus		Meles	Mustelidae	Carnivora	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal. vol.16 p.763		blanfordi Matschie, 1907; chinensis Gray, 1868; hanensis Matschie, 1907; leptorhynchus Milne-Edwards, 1867; siningensis Matschie, 1907; tsingtauensis Matschie, 1907; amurensis Schrenck, 1859; melanogenys J. A. Allen, 1913; schrenkii Nehring, 1891; arenarius Satunin, 1895; sibiricus Kastschenko, 1900; aberrans Stroganov, 1962; altaicus Kastschenko, 1902; enisseyensis Petrov, 1953; eversmanni Petrov, 1953; raddei Kastschenko, 1902; tianschanensis Hoyningen-Huene, 1910; talassicus Ognev, 1931.	China, Kazakhstan, North and South Korea, Russia (From Volga River through Siberia).		Reviewed by Petrov (1953), Heptner et al. (1967), and Abramov (2001). Synonyms allocated according to Heptner et al. (1967) and Abramov (2001).	Asian Badger
14001278	Meles leucurus subsp. leucurus	Hodgson 1847	SUBSPECIES		leucurus	leucurus		Meles	Mustelidae	Carnivora	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal. vol.16 p.763						
14001279	Meles leucurus subsp. amurensis	Schrenck 1859	SUBSPECIES		amurensis	leucurus		Meles	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001280	Meles leucurus subsp. arenarius	Satunin 1895	SUBSPECIES		arenarius	leucurus		Meles	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001281	Meles leucurus subsp. sibiricus	Kastschenko 1900	SUBSPECIES		sibiricus	leucurus		Meles	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001282	Meles leucurus subsp. tianschanensis	Hoyningen-Huene 1910	SUBSPECIES		tianschanensis	leucurus		Meles	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001283	Meles meles	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			meles		Meles	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.48		alba (Gmelin, 1788); britannicus Satunin, 1905; caninus Billberg, 1827; caucasicus Ognev, 1926; communis Billberg, 1827; danicus Degerbøl, 1933; europaeus Desmarest, 1816; maculata (Gmelin, 1788); tauricus Ognev, 1926; taxus Boddaert, 1785; typicus Barrett-Hamilton, 1899; vulgaris (Tiedemann, 1808); arcalus Miller, 1907; canescens Blanford, 1875; minor Satunin, 1905; ponticus Blackler, 1916; heptneri Ognev, 1931; marianensis Graells, 1897; mediterraneus Barrett-Hamilton, 1899; milleri Baryshnikov, Puzachenko and Abramov, 2003; rhodius Festa, 1914; severzovi Heptner, 1940; bokharensis Petrov, 1953.	Afghanistan, Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, China (Xinjiang), Crete, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia (eastward up to Volga River), Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Petrov (1953) and Heptner et al. (1967). Synonyms allocated according to Heptner et al. (1967) and Abramov (2001).	European Badger
14001284	Meles meles subsp. meles	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		meles	meles		Meles	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.48						
14001285	Meles meles subsp. arcalus	Miller 1907	SUBSPECIES		arcalus	meles		Meles	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001286	Meles meles subsp. canescens	Blanford 1875	SUBSPECIES		canescens	meles		Meles	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001287	Meles meles subsp. heptneri	Ognev 1931	SUBSPECIES		heptneri	meles		Meles	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001288	Meles meles subsp. marianensis	Graells 1897	SUBSPECIES		marianensis	meles		Meles	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001289	Meles meles subsp. milleri	Baryshnikov, Puzachenko and Abramov 2003	SUBSPECIES		milleri	meles		Meles	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001290	Meles meles subsp. rhodius	Festa 1914	SUBSPECIES		rhodius	meles		Meles	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001291	Meles meles subsp. severzovi	Heptner 1940	SUBSPECIES		severzovi	meles		Meles	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001315	Melogale moschata subsp. taxilla	Thomas 1925	SUBSPECIES		taxilla	moschata		Melogale	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001365	Mustela erminea subsp. salva	Hall 1944	SUBSPECIES		salva	erminea		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001293	Mellivora capensis	Schreber 1776	SPECIES			capensis		Mellivora	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Die Säugethiere vol.3 18 p.pl. 125[1776]; see also text, 3(26):450[1777]		mellivorus (G. [Baron] Cuvier, 1798); ratel (Sparrman, 1777); typicus (A. Smith, 1833); vernayi Roberts, 1932; abyssinica Hollister, 1910; buechneri Baryshnikov, 2000; concisa Thomas, and Wroughton, 1907; brockmani Wroughton and Cheesman, 1920; buchanani Thomas, 1925; cottoni Lydekker, 1906; sagulata Hollister, 1910; inaurita (Hodgson, 1836); indica (Kerr, 1792); mellivorus (Bennett, 1830); ratel Horsfield, 1851; ratelus Fraser, 1862; leuconota Sclater, 1867; maxwelli Thomas, 1923; pumilio Pocock, 1946; signata Pocock, 1909; wilsoni Cheesman, 1920.	Nepal (Savanna and steppe), India, Turkmenistan, Lebanon, South Africa.	CITES  Appendix III (Ghana and Botswana); IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Synonyms allocated according to Baryshnikov (2000) and Vanderhaar and Hwang (2003).	Honey Badger
14001294	Mellivora capensis subsp. capensis	Schreber 1776	SUBSPECIES		capensis	capensis		Mellivora	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Die Säugethiere vol.3 18 p.pl. 125[1776]; see also text, 3(26):450[1777]						
14001295	Mellivora capensis subsp. abyssinica	Hollister 1910	SUBSPECIES		abyssinica	capensis		Mellivora	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001296	Mellivora capensis subsp. buechneri	Baryshnikov 2000	SUBSPECIES		buechneri	capensis		Mellivora	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001297	Mellivora capensis subsp. concisa	Thomas and Wroughton 1907	SUBSPECIES		concisa	capensis		Mellivora	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001298	Mellivora capensis subsp. cottoni	Lydekker 1906	SUBSPECIES		cottoni	capensis		Mellivora	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001299	Mellivora capensis subsp. inaurita	Hodgson 1836	SUBSPECIES		inaurita	capensis		Mellivora	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001301	Mellivora capensis subsp. leuconota	Sclater 1867	SUBSPECIES		leuconota	capensis		Mellivora	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001302	Mellivora capensis subsp. maxwelli	Thomas 1923	SUBSPECIES		maxwelli	capensis		Mellivora	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001303	Mellivora capensis subsp. pumilio	Pocock 1946	SUBSPECIES		pumilio	capensis		Mellivora	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001304	Mellivora capensis subsp. signata	Pocock 1909	SUBSPECIES		signata	capensis		Mellivora	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001305	Mellivora capensis subsp. wilsoni	Cheesman 1920	SUBSPECIES		wilsoni	capensis		Mellivora	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001306	Melogale	I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1831	GENUS					Melogale	Mustelidae	Carnivora	In Bélanger (ed.), Voy. Indes Orient. vol.3(Zoologie) 129 p.pl. 5 [issued 13 March 1831]	Melogale personata I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1831.	Helictis  Gray, 1831; Nesictis Thomas, 1922; Rhinogale Gloger, 1841.			There is uncertainty as to the total number of species in this genus. Most recent authors tend to consider everetii and/or orientalis as conspecific with personata; however, Pocock (1941a), Everts (1968), Long (1978, 1981), and Long and Killingley (1983) supported the recognition of these populations as distinct. Long and Killingley pointed out that there is no published information to refute Pocock's (1941a) revision.	
14001307	Melogale everetti	Thomas 1895	SPECIES			everetti		Melogale	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6 vol.15 p.331-332			Indonesia (Kalimantan), Malaysia (Sabah, Sarawak).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Medway (1977) included everetti in orientalis; however, see comments under genus.	Bornean Ferret-badger
14001308	Melogale moschata	Gray 1831	SPECIES			moschata		Melogale	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1831 p.94		ferreogrisea  (Hilzheimer, 1905); hainanensis Zheng and Xu, 1983; millsi (Thomas, 1922); sorella (G. M. Allen, 1929); subaurantiaca (Swinhoe, 1862); modesta (Thomas, 1922); taxilla (Thomas, 1925).	China (C and SE, Hainan), India (Naga Hills near Manipur, Assam), N Laos, Taiwan, N Vietnam.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Synonyms allocated according to Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) and Storz and Wozencraft (1999).	Chinese Ferret-badger
14001309	Melogale moschata subsp. moschata	Gray 1831	SUBSPECIES		moschata	moschata		Melogale	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1831 p.94						
14001310	Melogale moschata subsp. ferreogrisea	Hilzheimer 1905	SUBSPECIES		ferreogrisea	moschata		Melogale	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001311	Melogale moschata subsp. hainanensis	Zheng and Xu 1983	SUBSPECIES		hainanensis	moschata		Melogale	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001312	Melogale moschata subsp. millsi	Thomas 1922	SUBSPECIES		millsi	moschata		Melogale	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001313	Melogale moschata subsp. sorella	G. M. Allen 1929	SUBSPECIES		sorella	moschata		Melogale	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001335	Mustela erminea subsp. erminea	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		erminea	erminea		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.46						
14001319	Melogale personata	I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1831	SPECIES			personata		Melogale	Mustelidae	Carnivora	In Bélanger (ed.) Voy. Indes Orient. vol.3(Zoologie) p.137, pl. 5.[issued 13 March 1831]		laotum  Thomas, 1922; nipalensis (Hodgson, 1836); orientalis (Blanford, 1888); pierrei (Bonhote, 1903); tonquinia Thomas, 1922.	Burma, China, Nepal, India (Assam), Malaysia (West), Thailand, Vietnam	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Synonyms allocated according to Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951).	Burmese Ferret-badger
14001320	Melogale personata subsp. personata	I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1831	SUBSPECIES		personata	personata		Melogale	Mustelidae	Carnivora	In Bélanger (ed.) Voy. Indes Orient. vol.3(Zoologie) p.137, pl. 5.[issued 13 March 1831]						
14001321	Melogale personata subsp. laotum	Thomas 1922	SUBSPECIES		laotum	personata		Melogale	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001322	Melogale personata subsp. nipalensis	Hodgson 1836	SUBSPECIES		nipalensis	personata		Melogale	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001323	Melogale personata subsp. pierrei	Bonhote 1903	SUBSPECIES		pierrei	personata		Melogale	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001324	Melogale personata subsp. tonquinia	Thomas 1922	SUBSPECIES		tonquinia	personata		Melogale	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001325	Mustela	Linnaeus 1758	GENUS					Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 10<sup>th</sup> ed. vol.1 p.45	[Mustela] erminea Linnaeus, 1758, by tautonomy (Miller, 1912).	Arctogale Kaup, 1829; Cabreragale Baryshnikov and Abramov, 1997; Cryptomustela Abramov, 2000; Cynomyonax Coues, 1877; Eumustela Acloque, 1899; Foetorius Keyserling and Blasius, 1840; Gale Wagner, 1841; Grammogale Cabrera, 1940; Gymnopus Gray, 1865; Hydromustela Bogdanov, 1871; Ictis Kaup, 1829; Kolonocus Satunin, 1914; Kolonokus Satunin, 1911; Lutreola Wagner, 1841; Mustelina Bogdanov, 1871; Mustella Scopoli, 1777; Neogale Gray, 1865; Neovison Baryshnikov and Abramov, 1997; Plesiogale Pocock, 1921; Pocockictis Kretzoi, 1947; Putorius Cuvier, 1817; Vison Gray, 1843.			Revised by Hall (1951), Youngman (1982), Abramov (1999), and Kurose et al. (2000). Youngman (1982) recognized five and Abramov (1999) recognized nine subgenera. Some have chosen to elevate these groupings to generic status; because of the lack of any comprehensive phylogenetic approach to this problem, they are provisionally recognized here as valid subgenera. Synonyms for species and subspecies principally follow Abramov (1999, pers. comm.).	
14001326	Mustela africana	Desmarest 1818	SPECIES			africana		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., Nouv., ed. 9 p.376		paraensis (Goeldi, 1897); stolzmanni Taczanowski, 1881.	Amazon Basin in Brazil, Ecuador, and Peru.	IUCN  Data Deficient.	Youngman (1982) and Abramov (1999) placed africana in subgenus Grammogale. Izor and de la Torre (1978) suggested that africana and felipei form a monophyletic group. Cabrera (1957) considered Grammogale a valid genus.	Amazon Weasel
14001327	Mustela africana subsp. africana	Desmarest 1818	SUBSPECIES		africana	africana		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., Nouv., ed. 9 p.376						
14001328	Mustela africana subsp. stolzmanni	Taczanowski 1881	SUBSPECIES		stolzmanni	africana		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001329	Mustela altaica	Pallas 1811	SPECIES			altaica		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat. vol.I p.98		alpina (Gebler, 1823); sacana Thomas, 1914; birulai (Ognev, 1928); raddei (Ognev, 1928); temon Hodgson, 1857; astutus (Milne-Edwards, 1870); longstaffi Wroughton, 1911.	W and N China, Kashmir, E Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, North Korea (?), Russia (S and SE Siberia, Primorski Krai), Sikkim, Tajikistan.	CITES  Appendix III (India); IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Youngman (1982) placed altaica in the subgenus Mustela; however, Ognev (1935) considered sibirica and altaica closely related. Abramov (1999) placed it in the subgenus Gale. Synonyms allocated according to Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951).	Mountain Weasel
14001330	Mustela altaica subsp. altaica	Pallas 1811	SUBSPECIES		altaica	altaica		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat. vol.I p.98						
14001331	Mustela altaica subsp. birulai	Ognev 1928	SUBSPECIES		birulai	altaica		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001332	Mustela altaica subsp. raddei	Ognev 1928	SUBSPECIES		raddei	altaica		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001334	Mustela erminea	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			erminea		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.46		hyberna Kerr, 1792; maculata Billberg, 1827; aestiva Kerr, 1792; algiricus Thomas, 1895; alpestris Burg, 1920; giganteus Burg, 1920; major Nilsson, 1820; alascensis Merriam, 1896; anguinae Hall, 1932; arctica Merriam, 1896; audax Barrett-Hamilton, 1904; kadiacensis Merriam, 1896; kadiacensis Osgood, 1901; richardsonii Bonaparte, 1838; augustidens Brown, 1908; bangsi Hall, 1945; cicognani Mearns, 1891; pusillus Aughey, 1880 [preoccupied]; celenda Hall, 1944; cigognanii Bonaparte, 1838; pusilla DeKay, 1842; vulgaris Griffith, 1827 [preoccupied]; fallenda Hall, 1945; ferghanae (Thomas, 1895); shnitnikovi Ognev, 1935; whiteheadi Wroughton, 1908; gulosa Hall, 1945; haidarum Preble, 1898; hibernica Thomas and Barrett-Hamilton, 1895; initis Hall, 1945; invicta Hall, 1945; kadiacensis Merriam, 1896; kaneii (Baird, 1857); baturini Ognev, 1929; digna Hall, 1944; kamtschatica (Dybowski, 1922); kanei G. Allen, 1914; naumovi Jurgenson, 1938; orientalis Ognev, 1928; transbaikalica Ognev, 1928; karaginensis Jurgenson, 1936; lymani Hollister, 1912; martinoi Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; birulai Martino and Martino, 1930 [preoccupied]; minima Cavazza, 1912; mongolica Ognev, 1928; muricus Bangs, 1899; leptus Merriam, 1903; nippon Cabrera, 1913; ognevi Jurgenson, 1932; olympica Hall, 1945; polaris Barrett-Hamilton, 1904; richardsonii Bonaparte, 1838; imperii Barrett-Hamilton, 1904; microtis J. A. Allen, 1903; mortigena Bangs, 1913; ricinae Miller, 1907; salva Hall, 1944; seclusa Hall, 1944; semplei Sutton and Hamilton, 1932; labiata Degerbøl, 1935; stabilis Barrett-Hamilton, 1904; streatori Merriam, 1896; teberdina Korneev, 1941; balkarica Basiev, 1962; tobolica Ognev, 1923.	Circumboreal, tundra and forested regions of Palearctic. Afghanistan, Algeria, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Canada, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Japan (C Honshu), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Mongolia, Netherlands, New Zealand (introduced), Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, USA (C California, N New Mexico, N Iowa and Maryland).	CITES  Appendix III (India) as M. erminea ferghanae; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Revised by Eger (1990). Reviewed by C. M. King (1983). Youngman (1982) and Abramov (1999) placed erminea in the subgenus Mustela. Synonyms allocated according to Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), Hall (1951, 1981), and C. M. King (1983).	Ermine
14001336	Mustela erminea subsp. aestiva	Kerr 1792	SUBSPECIES		aestiva	erminea		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001339	Mustela erminea subsp. arctica	Merriam 1896	SUBSPECIES		arctica	erminea		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001340	Mustela erminea subsp. augustidens	Brown 1908	SUBSPECIES		augustidens	erminea		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001341	Mustela erminea subsp. bangsi	Hall 1945	SUBSPECIES		bangsi	erminea		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001342	Mustela erminea subsp. celenda	Hall 1944	SUBSPECIES		celenda	erminea		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001343	Mustela erminea subsp. cigognanii	Bonaparte 1838	SUBSPECIES		cigognanii	erminea		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001344	Mustela erminea subsp. fallenda	Hall 1945	SUBSPECIES		fallenda	erminea		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001345	Mustela erminea subsp. ferghanae	Thomas 1895	SUBSPECIES		ferghanae	erminea		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001346	Mustela erminea subsp. gulosa	Hall 1945	SUBSPECIES		gulosa	erminea		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001347	Mustela erminea subsp. haidarum	Preble 1898	SUBSPECIES		haidarum	erminea		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001348	Mustela erminea subsp. hibernica	Thomas and Barrett-Hamilton 1895	SUBSPECIES		hibernica	erminea		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001349	Mustela erminea subsp. initis	Hall 1945	SUBSPECIES		initis	erminea		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001350	Mustela erminea subsp. invicta	Hall 1945	SUBSPECIES		invicta	erminea		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001351	Mustela erminea subsp. kadiacensis	Merriam 1896	SUBSPECIES		kadiacensis	erminea		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001352	Mustela erminea subsp. kaneii	Baird 1857	SUBSPECIES		kaneii	erminea		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001353	Mustela erminea subsp. karaginensis	Jurgenson 1936	SUBSPECIES		karaginensis	erminea		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001354	Mustela erminea subsp. lymani	Hollister 1912	SUBSPECIES		lymani	erminea		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001355	Mustela erminea subsp. martinoi	Ellerman and Morrison-Scott 1951	SUBSPECIES		martinoi	erminea		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001356	Mustela erminea subsp. minima	Cavazza 1912	SUBSPECIES		minima	erminea		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001357	Mustela erminea subsp. mongolica	Ognev 1928	SUBSPECIES		mongolica	erminea		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001358	Mustela erminea subsp. muricus	Bangs 1899	SUBSPECIES		muricus	erminea		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001359	Mustela erminea subsp. nippon	Cabrera 1913	SUBSPECIES		nippon	erminea		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001360	Mustela erminea subsp. ognevi	Jurgenson 1932	SUBSPECIES		ognevi	erminea		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001361	Mustela erminea subsp. olympica	Hall 1945	SUBSPECIES		olympica	erminea		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001362	Mustela erminea subsp. polaris	Barrett-Hamilton 1904	SUBSPECIES		polaris	erminea		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001363	Mustela erminea subsp. richardsonii	Bonaparte 1838	SUBSPECIES		richardsonii	erminea		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001367	Mustela erminea subsp. semplei	Sutton and Hamilton 1932	SUBSPECIES		semplei	erminea		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001368	Mustela erminea subsp. stabilis	Barrett-Hamilton 1904	SUBSPECIES		stabilis	erminea		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001369	Mustela erminea subsp. streatori	Merriam 1896	SUBSPECIES		streatori	erminea		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001370	Mustela erminea subsp. teberdina	Korneev 1941	SUBSPECIES		teberdina	erminea		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001371	Mustela erminea subsp. tobolica	Ognev 1923	SUBSPECIES		tobolica	erminea		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001389	Mustela frenata subsp. aureoventris	Gray 1864	SUBSPECIES		aureoventris	frenata		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001390	Mustela frenata subsp. boliviensis	Hall 1938	SUBSPECIES		boliviensis	frenata		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001391	Mustela frenata subsp. costaricensis	Goldman 1912	SUBSPECIES		costaricensis	frenata		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001392	Mustela frenata subsp. effera	Hall 1936	SUBSPECIES		effera	frenata		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001393	Mustela frenata subsp. goldmani	Merriam 1896	SUBSPECIES		goldmani	frenata		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001372	Mustela eversmanii	Lesson 1827	SPECIES			eversmanii		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Manuel de Mammalogie p.144		aureus  (Pocock, 1936); heptapotamicus (Stroganov, 1960); nobilis (Stroganov, 1958); pallidus (Stroganov, 1958); admirata (Pocock, 1936); amurensis (Ognev, 1930); hungarica Éhik, 1928; moravica Kostro&#328;, 1948; occidentalis (Brauner, 1929); satunini (Migulin, 1928); larvatus (Hodgson, 1849); tibetanus Horsfield, 1851; michnoi (Kastschenko, 1910); dauricus (Stroganov, 1958); lineiventer Hollister, 1913; sibiricus (Kastschenko, 1912); triarata Hollister, 1913; tuvinicus (Stroganov, 1958); talassicus Ognev, 1928.	Austria, Bulgaria, China, Czech Republic, Georgia, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Mongolia, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan.	IUCN  Vulnerable as M. e. amurensis, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	The correct spelling of this name is eversmanii (Mazák, 1971). Reviewed by Kostro&#328; (1948), Stroganov (1958, 1962), Heptner et al. (1967), and Anderson (1977). Youngman (1982) and Abramov (1999) placed eversmanii in the subgenus Putorius. Anderson (1977) and Kurtén and Anderson (1980) suggested that nigripes and eversmanii may be conspecific. Pocock (1936b) and Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1966) considered eversmanii and putorius conspecific; however, Ognev (1931), Stroganov (1962), and Heptner et al. (1967) recognized them as distinct species.	Steppe Polecat
14001373	Mustela eversmanii subsp. eversmanii	Lesson 1827	SUBSPECIES		eversmanii	eversmanii		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Manuel de Mammalogie p.144						
14001374	Mustela eversmanii subsp. admirata	Pocock 1936	SUBSPECIES		admirata	eversmanii		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001375	Mustela eversmanii subsp. amurensis	Ognev 1930	SUBSPECIES		amurensis	eversmanii		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001376	Mustela eversmanii subsp. hungarica	Éhik 1928	SUBSPECIES		hungarica	eversmanii		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001377	Mustela eversmanii subsp. larvatus	Hodgson 1849	SUBSPECIES		larvatus	eversmanii		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001378	Mustela eversmanii subsp. michnoi	Kastschenko 1910	SUBSPECIES		michnoi	eversmanii		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001379	Mustela eversmanii subsp. talassicus	Ognev 1928	SUBSPECIES		talassicus	eversmanii		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001380	Mustela felipei	Izor and de la Torre 1978	SPECIES			felipei		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora	J. Mammal. vol.59 p.92			Colombia, Ecuador.	IUCN  Endangered.	Izor and de la Torre (1978) suggested that africana and felipei form a monophyletic group. Youngman (1982) placed felipei in subgenus Grammogale; Abramov (1999) placed it in subgenus Cabreragale.	Colombian Weasel
14001381	Mustela frenata	Lichtenstein 1831	SPECIES			frenata		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Darst. Säugeth. p.text: "Das gezäumte Wiesel" [not paginated], and plate 42		aequatorialis (Coues, 1877); brasiliensis Sevastianoff, 1813 [preoccupied]; mexicanus (Coues, 1877); affinis Gray, 1874; costaricensis J. A. Allen, 1916; macrurus (J. A. Allen, 1912); meridana Hollister, 1914; agilis Tschudi, 1844; macrura J. A. Allen, 1916; alleni (Merriam, 1896); altifrontalis Hall, 1936; saturata Miller, 1912 [preoccupied]; arizonensis (Mearns, 1891); arthuri Hall, 1927; aureoventris Gray, 1864; affinis Lönnberg, 1913; jelskii Taczanowski, 1881; macrura Taczanowski, 1874; boliviensis Hall, 1938; costaricensis Goldman, 1912; brasiliensis Gray, 1874 [preoccupied]; effera Hall, 1936; goldmani (Merriam, 1896); gracilis (Brown, 1908); helleri Hall, 1935; inyoensis Hall, 1936; latirostra Hall, 1936; arizonensis Grinnell and Swarth, 1913 [preoccupied]; leucoparia Merriam, 1896; longicauda Bonaparte, 1838; macrophonius (Elliot, 1905); munda (Bangs, 1899); neomexicanus (Barber and Cockerell, 1898); nevadensis Hall, 1936; longicauda (Coues, 1891) [preoccupied]; nicaraguae J. A. Allen, 1916; nigriauris Hall, 1936; xanthogenys Gray, 1874 [preoccupied]; notius (Bangs, 1899); noveboracensis (Emmons, 1840); fusca DeKay, 1842; richardsonii (Baird, 1858); occisor Bangs, 1899; olivacea Howell, 1913; oregonensis (Merriam, 1896); oribasus (Bangs, 1899); panamensis Hall, 1932; peninsulae (Rhoads, 1894); perda (Merriam, 1902); perotae Hall, 1936; primulina Jackson, 1913; pulchra Hall, 1936; saturata (Merriam, 1896); spadix (Bangs, 1896); texensis Hall, 1936; tropicalis (Merriam, 1896); frenatus Coues, 1877; noveboracensis DeKay, 1840; perdus Merriam, 1902; richardsoni Bonaparte, 1838; washingtoni (Merriam, 1896); xanthogenys Gray, 1843.	Belize, Bolivia, S Canada, Columbia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, USA (most states excluding SW deserts), Venezuela.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Youngman (1982) and Abramov (1999) placed frenata in the subgenus Mustela. Synonyms allocated according to Hall (1951) and Sheffield and Thomas (1997).	Long-tailed Weasel
14001382	Mustela frenata subsp. frenata	Lichtenstein 1831	SUBSPECIES		frenata	frenata		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Darst. Säugeth. p.text: "Das gezäumte Wiesel" [not paginated], and plate 42						
14001383	Mustela frenata subsp. affinis	Gray 1874	SUBSPECIES		affinis	frenata		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001384	Mustela frenata subsp. agilis	Tschudi 1844	SUBSPECIES		agilis	frenata		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001385	Mustela frenata subsp. alleni	Merriam 1896	SUBSPECIES		alleni	frenata		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
13802637	Murininae	Miller 1907	SUBFAMILY						Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera	Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus. vol.57 p.229						
14001386	Mustela frenata subsp. altifrontalis	Hall 1936	SUBSPECIES		altifrontalis	frenata		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001387	Mustela frenata subsp. arizonensis	Mearns 1891	SUBSPECIES		arizonensis	frenata		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001388	Mustela frenata subsp. arthuri	Hall 1927	SUBSPECIES		arthuri	frenata		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001394	Mustela frenata subsp. gracilis	Brown 1908	SUBSPECIES		gracilis	frenata		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001395	Mustela frenata subsp. helleri	Hall 1935	SUBSPECIES		helleri	frenata		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001396	Mustela frenata subsp. inyoensis	Hall 1936	SUBSPECIES		inyoensis	frenata		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001397	Mustela frenata subsp. latirostra	Hall 1936	SUBSPECIES		latirostra	frenata		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001398	Mustela frenata subsp. leucoparia	Merriam 1896	SUBSPECIES		leucoparia	frenata		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001399	Mustela frenata subsp. longicauda	Bonaparte 1838	SUBSPECIES		longicauda	frenata		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001400	Mustela frenata subsp. macrophonius	Elliot 1905	SUBSPECIES		macrophonius	frenata		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001401	Mustela frenata subsp. munda	Bangs 1899	SUBSPECIES		munda	frenata		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001402	Mustela frenata subsp. neomexicanus	Barber and Cockerell 1898	SUBSPECIES		neomexicanus	frenata		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001403	Mustela frenata subsp. nevadensis	Hall 1936	SUBSPECIES		nevadensis	frenata		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001404	Mustela frenata subsp. nicaraguae	J. A. Allen 1916	SUBSPECIES		nicaraguae	frenata		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001405	Mustela frenata subsp. nigriauris	Hall 1936	SUBSPECIES		nigriauris	frenata		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001406	Mustela frenata subsp. notius	Bangs 1899	SUBSPECIES		notius	frenata		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001407	Mustela frenata subsp. noveboracensis	Emmons 1840	SUBSPECIES		noveboracensis	frenata		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001408	Mustela frenata subsp. occisor	Bangs 1899	SUBSPECIES		occisor	frenata		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001409	Mustela frenata subsp. olivacea	Howell 1913	SUBSPECIES		olivacea	frenata		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001410	Mustela frenata subsp. oregonensis	Merriam 1896	SUBSPECIES		oregonensis	frenata		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001411	Mustela frenata subsp. oribasus	Bangs 1899	SUBSPECIES		oribasus	frenata		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001412	Mustela frenata subsp. panamensis	Hall 1932	SUBSPECIES		panamensis	frenata		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001413	Mustela frenata subsp. peninsulae	Rhoads 1894	SUBSPECIES		peninsulae	frenata		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001414	Mustela frenata subsp. perda	Merriam 1902	SUBSPECIES		perda	frenata		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001415	Mustela frenata subsp. perotae	Hall 1936	SUBSPECIES		perotae	frenata		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001416	Mustela frenata subsp. primulina	Jackson 1913	SUBSPECIES		primulina	frenata		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001417	Mustela frenata subsp. pulchra	Hall 1936	SUBSPECIES		pulchra	frenata		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001418	Mustela frenata subsp. saturata	Merriam 1896	SUBSPECIES		saturata	frenata		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001419	Mustela frenata subsp. spadix	Bangs 1896	SUBSPECIES		spadix	frenata		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
13802647	Harpiola	Thomas 1915	SUBGENUS				Harpiola	Murina	Vespertilionidae	Chiroptera							
14001420	Mustela frenata subsp. texensis	Hall 1936	SUBSPECIES		texensis	frenata		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001421	Mustela frenata subsp. tropicalis	Merriam 1896	SUBSPECIES		tropicalis	frenata		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001422	Mustela frenata subsp. washingtoni	Merriam 1896	SUBSPECIES		washingtoni	frenata		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001423	Mustela frenata subsp. xanthogenys	Gray 1843	SUBSPECIES		xanthogenys	frenata		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001424	Mustela itatsi	Temminck 1844	SPECIES			itatsi		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Fauna Japonica, Mamm. vol.34 p.pl. vii, fig. 2		asaii  Kuroda, 1943; katsurai Kishida, 1931; natsi Temminck, 1844; sho Kuroda, 1924.	Japan. Introduced to Russia (Sakhalin).		Abramov (2000), Kurose et al. (2000), and Graphodatsky et al. (1976) supported separation of itatsi from sibirica. Abramov (1999) placed it in the subgenus Kolonokus.	Japanese Weasel
14001481	Mustela subpalmata	Hemprich and Ehrenberg 1833	SPECIES			subpalmata		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Symb. Phys. Icon. vol.Mamm. 3 2 p.In "Herpestes leucurus"; k verso			Egypt.	Recognized as a separate species by van Zyll de Jong (1992), Reig (1997), and Abramov and Baryshnikov (1999).		Egyptian Weasel
14001425	Mustela kathiah	Hodgson 1835	SPECIES			kathiah		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.4 p.702		auriventer Hodgson, 1837; dorsalis (Trouessart, 1895); tsaidamensis (Hilzheimer, 1910); melli (Matschie, 1922); caporiaccoi de Beaux, 1935.	Burma, S and E China, Indochinese peninsula, Nepal, N Pakistan.	CITES  Appendix III (India); IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Abramov (1999) placed kathiah in the subgenus Gale. Synonmys allocated according to Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951).	Yellow-bellied Weasel
14001426	Mustela kathiah subsp. kathiah	Hodgson 1835	SUBSPECIES		kathiah	kathiah		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.4 p.702						
14001427	Mustela kathiah subsp. caporiaccoi	de Beaux 1935	SUBSPECIES		caporiaccoi	kathiah		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001428	Mustela lutreola	Linnaeus 1761	SPECIES			lutreola		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Fauna Suecica, 2nd ed. p.5		alba de Sélys Longchamps, 1839; alpinus (Ogérien, 1863); europeae (Homeyer, 1879); fulva Kerr, 1792; minor (Erxleben, 1777); wyborgensis Matschie, 1912; biedermanni Matschie, 1912; armorica Matschie, 1912; binominata Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; caucasica (Novikov, 1939) [preoccupied]; cylipena Matschie, 1912; albica Matschie, 1912; budina Matschie, 1912; glogeri Matschie, 1912; varina Matschie, 1912; novikovi Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; borealis (Novikov, 1939) [preoccupied]; transsylvanica Éhik, 1932; ehiki Kretzoi, 1942; hungarica Éhik, 1932; turovi Kuznetsov in Novikov, 1939.	Belarus, Estonia, France, Latvia, Romania, Russia (Europe to the Urals), NE Spain. Formerly Germany, Poland, Austria, Czech Republic, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Hungary, Bulgaria.	IUCN  Endangered.	Youngman (1982, 1990) and Abramov (1999) placed lutreola in subgenus Lutreola. Revised by Matschie (1912), Novikov (1939), and Youngman (1982, 1990). Occasional hybrids occur between lutreola and putorius (Ognev, 1931; Tumanov and Abramov, 2002; Youngman, 1982). Synonyms allocated according to Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951).	European Mink
14001429	Mustela lutreola subsp. lutreola	Linnaeus 1761	SUBSPECIES		lutreola	lutreola		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Fauna Suecica, 2nd ed. p.5						
14001430	Mustela lutreola subsp. biedermanni	Matschie 1912	SUBSPECIES		biedermanni	lutreola		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001431	Mustela lutreola subsp. binominata	Ellerman and Morrison-Scott 1951	SUBSPECIES		binominata	lutreola		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001432	Mustela lutreola subsp. cylipena	Matschie 1912	SUBSPECIES		cylipena	lutreola		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001433	Mustela lutreola subsp. novikovi	Ellerman and Morrison-Scott 1951	SUBSPECIES		novikovi	lutreola		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001434	Mustela lutreola subsp. transsylvanica	Éhik 1932	SUBSPECIES		transsylvanica	lutreola		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001435	Mustela lutreola subsp. turovi	Kuznetsov in Novikov 1939	SUBSPECIES		turovi	lutreola		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001436	Mustela lutreolina	Robinson and Thomas 1917	SPECIES			lutreolina		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.20 p.261-262			Indonesia (Java, Sumatra).	IUCN  Endangered.	Revised by Van Bree and Boeadi (1978). Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) implied, and Heptner et al. (1967), Corbet (1978), and Lekagul and McNeely (1988) believed lutreolina and sibirica to be conspecific; however this has not been supported by primary studies (Brongersma, 1940; Van Bree and Boeadi, 1978). Youngman (1982) placed lutreolina in the subgenus Lutreola, Abramov (1999) placed it in the subgenus Kolonokus.	Indonesian Mountain Weasel
14001479	Mustela sibirica subsp. subhemachalana	Hodgson 1837	SUBSPECIES		subhemachalana	sibirica		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001480	Mustela strigidorsa	Gray 1853	SPECIES			strigidorsa		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1853 p.191			Burma, China (Yunnan, Guizhou), India, Laos, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Youngman (1982) suggested that strigidorsa belonged in subgenus Lutreola. Abramov (1999) placed it in subgenus Cryptomustela.	Back-striped Weasel
14001437	Mustela nigripes	Audubon and Bachman 1851	SPECIES			nigripes		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Viviparous Quadrupeds of North America vol.2 297			Formerly, Canada (S Alberta and Saskatchewan), USA (south to Arizona, Oklahoma, and NW Texas). Viable populations now only in captivity (see status).	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered, except where listed as an Experimental Non Essential Population in portions of Arizona, Colorado, Montana, South Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming (USA); IUCN  Extinct in the Wild.	Reviewed by Hillman and Clark (1980) and Anderson (1977). Youngman (1982) and Abramov (1999) placed nigripes in the subgenus Putorius. Anderson (1977) and Kurtén and Anderson (1980) suggested that nigripes and eversmanii may be conspecific.	Black-footed Ferret
14001503	Poecilogale albinucha subsp. bechuanae	Roberts 1931	SUBSPECIES		bechuanae	albinucha		Poecilogale	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001504	Poecilogale albinucha subsp. doggetti	Thomas and Schwann 1904	SUBSPECIES		doggetti	albinucha		Poecilogale	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001438	Mustela nivalis	Linnaeus 1766	SPECIES			nivalis		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 12th ed. vol.1 p.69		caraftensis Kishida, 1936; kerulenica Bannikov, 1952; punctata Domaniewski, 1926; yesoidsuna Kishida, 1936; allegheniensis (Rhoads, 1901); boccamela Bechstein, 1800; italicus (Barrett-Hamilton, 1900); campestris Jackson, 1913; caucasica Barrett-Hamilton, 1900; dinniki (Satunin, 1907); eskimo (Stone, 1900); heptneri Morozova-Turova, 1953; mosanensis Mori, 1927; namiyei Kuroda, 1921; numidica Pucheran, 1855; albipes Mina Palumbo, 1868; algiricus Thomas, 1895; atlas (Barrett-Hamilton, 1904); corsicanus (Cavazza, 1908); fulva Mina Palumbo, 1868; galinthias (Bate, 1905); ibericus (Barrett-Hamilton, 1900); meridionalis (Costa, 1869); siculus (Barrett-Hamilton, 1900); pallida Barrett-Hamilton, 1900; pygmaea (J. A. Allen, 1903); kamtschatica (Dybowski, 1922); rixosa (Bangs, 1896); rossica Abramov and Baryshnikov, 2000; russelliana Thomas, 1911; stoliczkana Blanford, 1877; tonkinensis Björkegren, 1941; vulgaris Erxleben, 1777; dombrowskii Matschie, 1901; hungarica Vásárhelyi, 1942; minutus (Pomel, 1853); monticola (Cavazza, 1908); nikolskii Semenov, 1899; occidentalis Kratochvil, 1977; trettaui Kleinschmidt, 1937; vasarhelyi Kretzoi, 1942.	Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Corsica, Crete, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Japan (Hokkaido and Honshu), Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Moldova, Mongolia, Netherlands, New Zealand (introduced  Corbet and Hill, 1980), Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Sardinia, Serbia and Montenegro, Sicily, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, USA, (Alaska and most of the USA except SW), Ukraine.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Reichstein (1957), van Zyll de Jong (1992), Reig (1997), and Abramov and Baryshinikov (2000). Reig divided this problematic taxon into four species based on a skull morphometric analysis (subpalmata, rixosa, eskimo, and vulgaris). Abramov and Baryshinikov separated only subpalmata. Youngman (1982) placed nivalis in the subgenus Mustela; Abramov (1999) placed it in the subgenus Gale. Synonyms allocated according to Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), Hall (1981), Sheffield and King (1994), and Abramov and Baryshnikov (1999).	Least Weasel
14001439	Mustela nivalis subsp. nivalis	Linnaeus 1766	SUBSPECIES		nivalis	nivalis		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 12th ed. vol.1 p.69						
14001440	Mustela nivalis subsp. allegheniensis	Rhoads 1901	SUBSPECIES		allegheniensis	nivalis		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001441	Mustela nivalis subsp. boccamela	Bechstein 1800	SUBSPECIES		boccamela	nivalis		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001442	Mustela nivalis subsp. campestris	Jackson 1913	SUBSPECIES		campestris	nivalis		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001443	Mustela nivalis subsp. caucasica	Barrett-Hamilton 1900	SUBSPECIES		caucasica	nivalis		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001444	Mustela nivalis subsp. eskimo	Stone 1900	SUBSPECIES		eskimo	nivalis		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001445	Mustela nivalis subsp. heptneri	Morozova-Turova 1953	SUBSPECIES		heptneri	nivalis		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001446	Mustela nivalis subsp. mosanensis	Mori 1927	SUBSPECIES		mosanensis	nivalis		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001447	Mustela nivalis subsp. namiyei	Kuroda 1921	SUBSPECIES		namiyei	nivalis		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001448	Mustela nivalis subsp. numidica	Pucheran 1855	SUBSPECIES		numidica	nivalis		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001449	Mustela nivalis subsp. pallida	Barrett-Hamilton 1900	SUBSPECIES		pallida	nivalis		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001450	Mustela nivalis subsp. pygmaea	J. A. Allen 1903	SUBSPECIES		pygmaea	nivalis		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001451	Mustela nivalis subsp. rixosa	Bangs 1896	SUBSPECIES		rixosa	nivalis		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001452	Mustela nivalis subsp. rossica	Abramov and Baryshnikov 2000	SUBSPECIES		rossica	nivalis		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001453	Mustela nivalis subsp. russelliana	Thomas 1911	SUBSPECIES		russelliana	nivalis		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001454	Mustela nivalis subsp. stoliczkana	Blanford 1877	SUBSPECIES		stoliczkana	nivalis		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001455	Mustela nivalis subsp. tonkinensis	Björkegren 1941	SUBSPECIES		tonkinensis	nivalis		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001456	Mustela nivalis subsp. vulgaris	Erxleben 1777	SUBSPECIES		vulgaris	nivalis		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001457	Mustela nudipes	Desmarest 1822	SPECIES			nudipes		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Mammalogie, in Encycl. Meth. vol.2(Suppl.) p.537		hamakeri  Dammerman, 1940; leucocephalus (Gray, 1865).	Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Borneo).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Pocock (1941a) believed strigidorsa and nudipes to be closely related. Youngman (1982) placed nudipes in the subgenus Lutreola, Abramov (1999) placed it in subgenus Pocockictis.	Malayan Weasel
14001458	Mustela nudipes subsp. nudipes	Desmarest 1822	SUBSPECIES		nudipes	nudipes		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Mammalogie, in Encycl. Meth. vol.2(Suppl.) p.537						
14001459	Mustela nudipes subsp. leucocephalus	Gray 1865	SUBSPECIES		leucocephalus	nudipes		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001640	Nasua nasua subsp. quichua	Thomas 1901	SUBSPECIES		quichua	nasua		Nasua	Procyonidae	Carnivora							
14001501	Poecilogale albinucha	Gray 1864	SPECIES			albinucha		Poecilogale	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1864 p.69, plate X		africana (Peters, 1865); flavistriata (Bocage, 1865); bechuanae Roberts, 1931; doggetti Thomas and Schwann, 1904; lebombo Roberts, 1931; transvaalensis Roberts, 1926.	Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Dem. Rep. Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Republic of Congo, Rwanda, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Larivière (2001). Synonyms allocated according to Ellerman et al. (1953).	African Striped Weasel
14001460	Mustela putorius	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			putorius		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.46		flavicans de Sélys Longchamps, 1839; foetens (Thunberg, 1798); foetidus (Gray, 1843); iltis Boddaert, 1785; infectus (Ogérien, 1863); manium (Barrett-Hamilton, 1904); putorius Blyth, 1842; verus (Brandt in Simashko, 1851); vison de Sélys Longchamps, 1839; vulgaris (Griffith, 1827); anglia (Pocock, 1936); aureola (Barrett-Hamilton, 1904); caledoniae (Tetley, 1939); furo Linnaeus, 1758 [domestic ferret]; albus (Bechstein, 1801); furoputorius Link, 1795; subrufo (Gray, 1865); mosquensis Heptner, 1966; orientalis Brauner, 1929 [preoccupied]; orientalis (Polushina, 1955) [preoccupied]; ognevi Kratochvil, 1952 [preoccupied]; rothschildi Pocock, 1932.	Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britian, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Moldova, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Heptner et al. (1967). Probable ancestor of the domestic ferret, M. p. furo (Rempe, 1970; Volobuev et al., 1974). Youngman (1982) and Abramov (1999) placed it in the subgenus Putorius. Pocock (1936b) and Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1966) considered eversmanii and putorius conspecific; however, Ognev (1931), Stroganov (1962), and Heptner et al. (1967), recognized them as distinct species. Synonyms allocated according to Heptner et al. (1967).	European Polecat
14001461	Mustela putorius subsp. putorius	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		putorius	putorius		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.46						
14001462	Mustela putorius subsp. anglia	Pocock 1936	SUBSPECIES		anglia	putorius		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001463	Mustela putorius subsp. aureola	Barrett-Hamilton 1904	SUBSPECIES		aureola	putorius		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001464	Mustela putorius subsp. caledoniae	Tetley 1939	SUBSPECIES		caledoniae	putorius		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001465	Mustela putorius subsp. furo	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		furo	putorius		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora						[domestic ferret]	
14001466	Mustela putorius subsp. mosquensis	Heptner 1966	SUBSPECIES		mosquensis	putorius		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001467	Mustela putorius subsp. rothschildi	Pocock 1932	SUBSPECIES		rothschildi	putorius		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001468	Mustela sibirica	Pallas 1773	SPECIES			sibirica		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Reise Prov. Russ. Reichs. vol.2 p.701		australis (Satunin, 1911); miles Barrett-Hamilton, 1904; canigula Hodgson, 1842; charbinensis Lowkashkin, 1934; coreanus (Domaniewski, 1926); peninsulae (Kishida, 1931); davidiana (Milne-Edwards, 1871); melli (Matschie, 1922); noctis (Barrett-Hamilton, 1904); taivana Thomas, 1913; fontanierii (Milne-Edwards, 1871); stegmanni (Matschie, 1907); hodgsoni Gray, 1843; manchurica Brass, 1911; moupinensis (Milne-Edwards, 1874); hamptoni Thomas, 1921; major (Hilzheimer, 1910); tafeli (Hilzheimer, 1910); quelpartis (Thomas, 1908); subhemachalana Hodgson, 1837; horsfieldii Gray, 1843; humeralis Blyth, 1842.	N Burma, China, Japan (Hokkaido, introduced to Honshu), North Korea, South Korea, Pakistan, Russia (From Kirov Prov., Tataria and W Ural Mtns throughout Siberia to Far East), Taiwan, N Thailand.	CITES  Appendix III (India); IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Youngman (1982) placed sibirica in the subgenus Lutreola, Abramov (1999) placed it in the subgenus Kolonokus. Ognev (1935) considered altaica and sibirica closely related. Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) implied, and Heptner et al. (1967), Corbet (1978), and Lekagul and McNeely (1988) believed lutreolina and sibirica conspecific; however, this has not been supported by primary studies (Brongersma, 1940; Van Bree and Boeadi, 1978). Abramov (1999) and Kurose et al. (2000) considered itatsi and sibirica separate. Synonyms allocated according to Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951).	Siberian Weasel
14001469	Mustela sibirica subsp. sibirica	Pallas 1773	SUBSPECIES		sibirica	sibirica		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Reise Prov. Russ. Reichs. vol.2 p.701						
14001470	Mustela sibirica subsp. canigula	Hodgson 1842	SUBSPECIES		canigula	sibirica		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001471	Mustela sibirica subsp. charbinensis	Lowkashkin 1934	SUBSPECIES		charbinensis	sibirica		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001472	Mustela sibirica subsp. coreanus	Domaniewski 1926	SUBSPECIES		coreanus	sibirica		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001473	Mustela sibirica subsp. davidiana	Milne-Edwards 1871	SUBSPECIES		davidiana	sibirica		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001474	Mustela sibirica subsp. fontanierii	Milne-Edwards 1871	SUBSPECIES		fontanierii	sibirica		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001475	Mustela sibirica subsp. hodgsoni	Gray 1843	SUBSPECIES		hodgsoni	sibirica		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001476	Mustela sibirica subsp. manchurica	Brass 1911	SUBSPECIES		manchurica	sibirica		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001477	Mustela sibirica subsp. moupinensis	Milne-Edwards 1874	SUBSPECIES		moupinensis	sibirica		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001478	Mustela sibirica subsp. quelpartis	Thomas 1908	SUBSPECIES		quelpartis	sibirica		Mustela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001482	Neovison	Baryshnikov and Abramov 1997	GENUS					Neovison	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Zool. Zhurnal vol.76 12 p.1408	Mustela vison Schreber, 1777.				Commonly included in Mustela, separated accordingly to Abramov (1999). There are significant differences between the American mink and Mustela (and other Mustelidae) according to cytogenetic and biochemical data. The level of these differences is higher then differences among Mustela species (Belyaev et al., 1980; Brinck et al., 1983; Graphodatsky et al., 1976; Kurose et al., 2000; Lushnikova et al., 1989; Taranin et al., 1991). The analyses by Graphodatsky et al. (1976), Youngman (1982), and Kurose et al. (2000) support significant divergence of vison from the Mustela lineage. Masuda and Yoshida (1994a) argued that inclusion of vison in Mustela would make Mustela paraphyletic.	
14001483	Neovison macrodon	Prentis 1903	SPECIES			macrodon		Neovison	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Pro. U.S. Natl. Mus. vol.26 p.887		antiquus (Loomis, 1911)	Formerly found along the coasts of Canada (New Brunswick) and USA (Maine).	IUCN  Extinct as Mustela macrodon.	Last collected in 1894. Manville (1966) argued that recently extinct form macrodon is conspecific with vison, although Kurtén and Anderson (1980) and Mead et al. (2000) recognized it as a distinct species.	Sea mink
14001484	Neovison vison	Schreber 1777	SPECIES			vison		Neovison	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Die Säugethiere vol.3 19 p.pl. 127.B [1777]; see aksi text, 3(26):463 [1777]		altaica  (Ternovskii, 1958); borealis (Brass, 1911); nigrescens (Audubon and Bachman, 1854); tatarica (Popov, 1949); winingus (Baird, 1858); aestuarina (Ginnell, 1916); aniakensis (Burns, 1964); energumenos (Bangs, 1896); evagor (Hall, 1932); evergladensis (Hamilton, 1948); ingens (Osgood, 1900); lacustris (Preble, 1902); letifera (Hollister, 1913); lowii (Anderson, 1945); lutensis (Bangs, 1898); melampeplus (Elliot, 1904); mink (Peale and Palisot de Beauvois, 1796); lutreocephala (Harlan, 1825); rufa (Hamilton-Smith, 1858); nesolestes (Heller, 1909); vulgivaga (Bangs, 1895).	Canada, USA (Alaska and through all of USA except SW deserts). Introduced to Belarus, Belgium, China, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britian, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan (Hokkaido), Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Sweden.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Mustela vision (sic).	Synonyms allocated according to Hall (1981) and Larivière (1999).	American Mink
14001485	Neovison vison subsp. vison	Schreber 1777	SUBSPECIES		vison	vison		Neovison	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Die Säugethiere vol.3 19 p.pl. 127.B [1777]; see aksi text, 3(26):463 [1777]						
14001486	Neovison vison subsp. aestuarina	Ginnell 1916	SUBSPECIES		aestuarina	vison		Neovison	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001487	Neovison vison subsp. aniakensis	Burns 1964	SUBSPECIES		aniakensis	vison		Neovison	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001488	Neovison vison subsp. energumenos	Bangs 1896	SUBSPECIES		energumenos	vison		Neovison	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001489	Neovison vison subsp. evagor	Hall 1932	SUBSPECIES		evagor	vison		Neovison	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001490	Neovison vison subsp. evergladensis	Hamilton 1948	SUBSPECIES		evergladensis	vison		Neovison	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001491	Neovison vison subsp. ingens	Osgood 1900	SUBSPECIES		ingens	vison		Neovison	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001492	Neovison vison subsp. lacustris	Preble 1902	SUBSPECIES		lacustris	vison		Neovison	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001493	Neovison vison subsp. letifera	Hollister 1913	SUBSPECIES		letifera	vison		Neovison	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001494	Neovison vison subsp. lowii	Anderson 1945	SUBSPECIES		lowii	vison		Neovison	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001495	Neovison vison subsp. lutensis	Bangs 1898	SUBSPECIES		lutensis	vison		Neovison	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001496	Neovison vison subsp. melampeplus	Elliot 1904	SUBSPECIES		melampeplus	vison		Neovison	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001497	Neovison vison subsp. mink	Peale and Palisot de Beauvois 1796	SUBSPECIES		mink	vison		Neovison	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001498	Neovison vison subsp. nesolestes	Heller 1909	SUBSPECIES		nesolestes	vison		Neovison	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001499	Neovison vison subsp. vulgivaga	Bangs 1895	SUBSPECIES		vulgivaga	vison		Neovison	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001500	Poecilogale	Thomas 1883	GENUS					Poecilogale	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5 vol.11 p.370	Zorilla albinucha Gray, 1864, by monotypy (Melville and Smith, 1987).	Zorilla  Gray, 1864.				
14001520	Vormela peregusna subsp. syriaca	Pocock 1936	SUBSPECIES		syriaca	peregusna		Vormela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001502	Poecilogale albinucha subsp. albinucha	Gray 1864	SUBSPECIES		albinucha	albinucha		Poecilogale	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1864 p.69, plate X						
14001505	Poecilogale albinucha subsp. lebombo	Roberts 1931	SUBSPECIES		lebombo	albinucha		Poecilogale	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001506	Poecilogale albinucha subsp. transvaalensis	Roberts 1926	SUBSPECIES		transvaalensis	albinucha		Poecilogale	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001507	Taxidea	Waterhouse 1838 "1839"	GENUS					Taxidea	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1838 p.154	Ursus meles labradorius Gmelin, 1788 (= Ursus taxus Schreber, 1777), by original designation (Melville and Smith, 1987).					
14001508	Taxidea taxus	Schreber 1777	SPECIES			taxus		Taxidea	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Säugethiere vol.3 26 p.pl. 142[1778], see also text, 3(26):520[1777]		americanus (Boddaert, 1784); dacotensis Schantz, 1946; iowae Schantz, 1947; kansensis Schantz, 1950; labradorius (Gmelin, 1788); merriami Schantz, 1950; berlandieri Baird, 1858; apache Schantz, 1948; californica Gray, 1865; halli Schantz, 1951; hallorani Schantz, 1949; infusca Thomas, 1898; littoralis Schantz, 1949; nevadensis Schantz, 1949; papagoensis Skinner, 1943; phippsi Figgins, 1918; robusta Hay, 1921; sonoriensis Goldman, 1939; jacksoni Schantz, 1946; jeffersonii (Harlan, 1825); montana Schantz, 1950; neglecta Mearns, 1891; sulcata Cope, 1878; marylandica Gidley and Gaxin, 1933.	Canada (British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatschewan, Manitoba, Ontario), Mexico (Baja California N and C Mexico), USA (Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Michigan, Wisconsin, and most states west of the Mississippi River, except Louisiana, Arkansas).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Long (1972a, 1973). Synonyms allocated according to Hall (1981) and Long (1973).	American Badger
14001509	Taxidea taxus subsp. taxus	Schreber 1777	SUBSPECIES		taxus	taxus		Taxidea	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Säugethiere vol.3 26 p.pl. 142[1778], see also text, 3(26):520[1777]						
14001510	Taxidea taxus subsp. berlandieri	Baird 1858	SUBSPECIES		berlandieri	taxus		Taxidea	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001511	Taxidea taxus subsp. jacksoni	Schantz 1946	SUBSPECIES		jacksoni	taxus		Taxidea	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001512	Taxidea taxus subsp. jeffersonii	Harlan 1825	SUBSPECIES		jeffersonii	taxus		Taxidea	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001513	Taxidea taxus subsp. marylandica	Gidley and Gaxin 1933	SUBSPECIES		marylandica	taxus		Taxidea	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001514	Vormela	Blasius 1884	GENUS					Vormela	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Ber. Naturforsch Ges. Bemberg vol.13 p.9	Mustela sarmatica Pallas, 1771 (= Mustela peregusna Güldenstädt, 1770), by original designation (Melville and Smith, 1987).					
14001515	Vormela peregusna	Güldenstädt 1770	SPECIES			peregusna		Vormela	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Nova Comm. Imp. Acad. Sci. Petropoli vol.14 1 p.441		euxina Pocock, 1936; intermedia Ognev, 1935; sarmatica (Pallas, 1771); koshewnikowi Satunin, 1910; alpherakii Birula, 1910; obscura Stroganov, 1948; tedshenika Satunin, 1910; negans Miller, 1910; chinensis Stroganov, 1962; pallidior Stroganov, 1948; ornata Pocock, 1936 [nomen dubium]; syriaca Pocock, 1936.	Afghanistan, Bulgaria, NC and W China, Greece, Iran, Kazakhstan, Macedonia, S Mongolia, Pakistan, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Syria, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan.	IUCN  Vulnerable as V. p. peregusna, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	Synonyms allocated according to Heptner et al. (1967).	Marbled Polecat
14001516	Vormela peregusna subsp. peregusna	Güldenstädt 1770	SUBSPECIES		peregusna	peregusna		Vormela	Mustelidae	Carnivora	Nova Comm. Imp. Acad. Sci. Petropoli vol.14 1 p.441						
14001517	Vormela peregusna subsp. koshewnikowi	Satunin 1910	SUBSPECIES		koshewnikowi	peregusna		Vormela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001518	Vormela peregusna subsp. negans	Miller 1910	SUBSPECIES		negans	peregusna		Vormela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001519	Vormela peregusna subsp. pallidior	Stroganov 1948	SUBSPECIES		pallidior	peregusna		Vormela	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001521	Mephitidae	Bonaparte 1845	FAMILY						Mephitidae	Carnivora	Cat. Meth. Mamm. Europe p.1		Myadina Gray, 1825; Mydaina Gray, 1864.			The traditional Mustelidae (including skunks) has always been a problematic group. Radinsky (1973) first proposed a relationship between the Mephitinae (sensu Simpson, 1945) and Mydaus. Morphological studies seem to provide some support for a monophyletic Mustelidae (Hunt, 1974; Wolsan, 1999; Wozencraft, 1989; Wyss and Flynn, 1993). However, Bryant et al. (1993), Ledje and Arnason (1996), and Bininda-Emonds et al. (1999) showed support for Radinsky's MephitinaeMydaus group. Dragoo and Honeycutt (1997) and Flynn et al. (2000) provided a thorough review of the relationships of these groups and followed others (Árnason and Widegren, 1986; Ledje and Árnason, 1996; Wayne et al., 1989) in the recognition of a paraphyletic traditional Mustelidae. I have chosen to follow Dragoo and Honeycutt (1997) and Flynn et al. (2000) in the separation of Mephitis, Conepatus, Spilogale and Mydaus from the remaining mustelids. But see Wolsan (1999) for suppor... [truncated]	
14001642	Nasua nasua subsp. spadicea	Olfers 1818	SUBSPECIES		spadicea	nasua		Nasua	Procyonidae	Carnivora							
14200016	Hylochoerus meinertzhageni subsp. rimator	Thomas 1906	SUBSPECIES		rimator	meinertzhageni		Hylochoerus	Suidae	Artiodactyla							
14001522	Conepatus	Gray 1837	GENUS					Conepatus	Mephitidae	Carnivora	Mag. Nat. Hist. [Charlesworth's] vol.1 p.581	Conepatus humboldtii Gray, 1837, by monotypy<sup> </sup>(Melville and Smith, 1987).	Lycodon  dOrbigny (in Gray 1865); Mamconepatus Herrera, 1899; Marputius Gray, 1837; Oryctogale Merriam, 1902; Ozolictus Gloger, 1842 (in Gray, 1865); Thiosmus Lichtenstein 1838.			Revised by Kipp (1965), who studied an extensive series of southern South American specimens and could not recognize distinctive groups among them based on skull morphology, and found only two groups based on pelage coloration. Dragoo et al. (2003) reviewed the North American species and is followed here.	
14001523	Conepatus chinga	Molina 1782	SPECIES			chinga		Conepatus	Mephitidae	Carnivora	Sagg. Stor. Nat. Chile p.288		americana  (Desmarest, 1818); chilensis (E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803); chinensis (Gerrard, 1862); chingha (Molina, 1786); chinghe (Bechstein, 1800); dimidiata (G. Fischer, 1814); furcata (Wagner, 1841); molinae (Lichtenstein, 1838); budini Thomas, 1919; calurus Thomas, 1919; mendosus Yepes, 1937; gibsoni Thomas, 1910; pampanus Thomas, 1921; suffocans (Burmeister, 1879) [preoccupied]; inca Thomas, 1900; mapurito (Tschundi, 1844) [preoccupied]; mendosus Thomas, 1921; enuchus Thomas, 1927; rex Thomas, 1898; ajax Thomas, 1913; arequipae Thomas, 1900; chorensis Thomas, 1902; hunti Thomas, 1903; porcinus Thomas, 1902; suffocans (Illiger, 1811); americana (Desmarest, 1820); feuillei (Gervais, 1841); feuillei Trouessart, 1897; monzoni Aplin, 1894; vittata (Larranaga, 1923).	N Argentina, Bolivia, S Brazil, Chile, Peru, Uruguay.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Kipp (1965) considered rex as conspecific with chinga; however, it was listed as separate by Osgood (1943) and Cabrera (1957). Synonyms allocated according to Cabrera (1958).	Molina's Hog-nosed Skunk
14001524	Conepatus chinga subsp. chinga	Molina 1782	SUBSPECIES		chinga	chinga		Conepatus	Mephitidae	Carnivora	Sagg. Stor. Nat. Chile p.288						
14001525	Conepatus chinga subsp. budini	Thomas 1919	SUBSPECIES		budini	chinga		Conepatus	Mephitidae	Carnivora							
14001526	Conepatus chinga subsp. gibsoni	Thomas 1910	SUBSPECIES		gibsoni	chinga		Conepatus	Mephitidae	Carnivora							
14001527	Conepatus chinga subsp. inca	Thomas 1900	SUBSPECIES		inca	chinga		Conepatus	Mephitidae	Carnivora							
14001528	Conepatus chinga subsp. mendosus	Thomas 1921	SUBSPECIES		mendosus	chinga		Conepatus	Mephitidae	Carnivora							
14001529	Conepatus chinga subsp. rex	Thomas 1898	SUBSPECIES		rex	chinga		Conepatus	Mephitidae	Carnivora							
14001530	Conepatus chinga subsp. suffocans	Illiger 1811	SUBSPECIES		suffocans	chinga		Conepatus	Mephitidae	Carnivora							
14001531	Conepatus humboldtii	Gray 1837	SPECIES			humboldtii		Conepatus	Mephitidae	Carnivora	Mag. Nat. Hist. [Charlesworth's] vol.1 p.581		chinga  Wolffsohn and Porter, 1908 [preoccupied]; conepatl Gmelin (in Gray, 1837) [preoccupied]; mapurito (Humbolt, in Coues, 1877) [preoccupied]; patachonica (Burmeister, 1869); patagonica (Lichtenstein, 1838); suffocans J. A. Allen, 1916 [preoccupied]; westermannii (Reinhardt, 1865) [preoccupied]; castaneus (d'Orbigny and Gervais, 1847); gaucho Thomas, 1927; humboldtii (d'Orbigny, 1838) [preoccupied]; proteus Thomas, 1902.	Argentina, Paraguay.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Kipp (1965) considered castaneus as conspecific; Cabrera (1958) considered it separate. Synonyms allocated according to Cabrera (1958).	Humboldt's Hog-nosed Skunk
14001532	Conepatus humboldtii subsp. humboldtii	Gray 1837	SUBSPECIES		humboldtii	humboldtii		Conepatus	Mephitidae	Carnivora	Mag. Nat. Hist. [Charlesworth's] vol.1 p.581						
14001533	Conepatus humboldtii subsp. castaneus	d'Orbigny and Gervais 1847	SUBSPECIES		castaneus	humboldtii		Conepatus	Mephitidae	Carnivora							
14001534	Conepatus humboldtii subsp. proteus	Thomas 1902	SUBSPECIES		proteus	humboldtii		Conepatus	Mephitidae	Carnivora							
14001592	Spilogale pygmaea subsp. pygmaea	Thomas 1897 "1898"	SUBSPECIES		pygmaea	pygmaea		Spilogale	Mephitidae	Carnivora	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1897 p.898						
14001593	Spilogale pygmaea subsp. australis	Hall 1938	SUBSPECIES		australis	pygmaea		Spilogale	Mephitidae	Carnivora							
14001594	Spilogale pygmaea subsp. intermedia	López-Forment and Urbano 1979	SUBSPECIES		intermedia	pygmaea		Spilogale	Mephitidae	Carnivora							
14001641	Nasua nasua subsp. solitaria	Schinz 1823	SUBSPECIES		solitaria	nasua		Nasua	Procyonidae	Carnivora							
14001572	Spilogale	Gray 1865	GENUS					Spilogale	Mephitidae	Carnivora	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1865 p.150	Mephitis interrupta Rafinesque, 1820 (= [Viverra] putorius Linnaeus, 1758).				Mead (1968) argued that S. p. gracilis and "possibly" leucoparia are reproductively isolated from eastern populations and therefore should be considered distinct species. Preliminary genetic data (Dragoo et al., 1993) support Mead (1968). However, both taxa were included by Van Gelder (1959). Kinlaw (1995) restricted putorius to the eastern spotted skunk. Owen et al. (1996) provided karyotypic data to support recognition of the southern spotted skunk, angustifrons, as a distinct species. Verts et al. (2001) reported information on subspecies of gracilis which included western populations of spotted skunks. They did not include taxa regarded by Hall and Kelson (1959) as pygmaea or angustifrons. Synonyms allocated according to Hall and Kelson (1959), Kinlaw (1995), and Verts et al. (2001).	
14001535	Conepatus leuconotus	Lichtenstein 1832	SPECIES			leuconotus		Conepatus	Mephitidae	Carnivora	Darst. Säugeth., text: "Mephitis leuconota" [not paginated] p.pl. 44. fig 1		chinga  (Molina, 1865); filipensis Merriam, 1902; intermedia (Saussure, 1861); longicaudata (Tomes, 1861); marputio (Gray, 1865); mearnsi Merriam, 1902; mesoleucus (Lesson, 1865); molinae (Lichenstein, 1865); nasuta (Bennett, 1833); nelsoni Goldman, 1922; nicaraguae J. A. Allen, 1910; nicaraguus Goodwin, 1946; pediculus Merriam, 1902; putorius (Mutis, 1865); sonoriensis Merriam, 1902; texensis Merriam, 1902; venaticus Goldman, 1922; figginsi F. W. Miller, 1925; fremonti F. W. Miller, 1933; telmalestes Bailey, 1905.	Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico (from USA south along coast to Veracruz), Nicaragua, USA (S Gulf coast of Texas).	IUCN  Extinct as C. mesoleucus telmalestes, Lower Risk (lc) as C. mesoleucus and C. leuconotus.	Includes mesoleucus (Dragoo et al., 2003; Hall, 1981).	American Hog-nosed Skunk
14001536	Conepatus leuconotus subsp. leuconotus	Lichtenstein 1832	SUBSPECIES		leuconotus	leuconotus		Conepatus	Mephitidae	Carnivora	Darst. Säugeth., text: "Mephitis leuconota" [not paginated] p.pl. 44. fig 1						
14001537	Conepatus leuconotus subsp. figginsi	F. W. Miller 1925	SUBSPECIES		figginsi	leuconotus		Conepatus	Mephitidae	Carnivora							
14001538	Conepatus leuconotus subsp. telmalestes	Bailey 1905	SUBSPECIES		telmalestes	leuconotus		Conepatus	Mephitidae	Carnivora							
14001539	Conepatus semistriatus	Boddaert 1785	SPECIES			semistriatus		Conepatus	Mephitidae	Carnivora	Elench. Anim. vol.1 p.84		gumillae  (Lichtenstein, 1838); gumillaei (Boitard, 1842); mapurito (Gmelin, 1788); putorius (Mutis, 1770) [preoccupied]; semistriata (Boddaert, 1785); zorilla (J. B. Fischer, 1829); amazonicus (Lichtenstein, 1838); bahiensis Ihering, 1911; childensis (Hensel, 1872); chilensis Gray, 1865; lichtensteinii Gray, 1865; suffocans (Winge, 1876); westermanni (Reinhardt, 1856); conepatl (Gmelin, 1788); tropicalis Merriam, 1902; quitensis (Humboldt, 1812); taxinus Thomas, 1924; amazonica (Tschundi, 1844) [preoccupied]; trichurus Thomas, 1905; mapurito Bangs, 1902 [preoccupied]; yucatanicus Goldman, 1943; zorrino Thomas, 1901; zorilla Thomas, 1900 [preoccupied].	Belize, Brazil, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Mexico (Veracruz, Tabasco, and Yucatan), Peru.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Synonyms allocated according to Cabrera (1957).	Striped Hog-nosed Skunk
14001540	Conepatus semistriatus subsp. semistriatus	Boddaert 1785	SUBSPECIES		semistriatus	semistriatus		Conepatus	Mephitidae	Carnivora	Elench. Anim. vol.1 p.84						
14001541	Conepatus semistriatus subsp. amazonicus	Lichtenstein 1838	SUBSPECIES		amazonicus	semistriatus		Conepatus	Mephitidae	Carnivora							
14001542	Conepatus semistriatus subsp. taxinus	Thomas 1924	SUBSPECIES		taxinus	semistriatus		Conepatus	Mephitidae	Carnivora							
14001543	Conepatus semistriatus subsp. trichurus	Thomas 1905	SUBSPECIES		trichurus	semistriatus		Conepatus	Mephitidae	Carnivora							
14001544	Conepatus semistriatus subsp. yucatanicus	Goldman 1943	SUBSPECIES		yucatanicus	semistriatus		Conepatus	Mephitidae	Carnivora							
14001545	Conepatus semistriatus subsp. zorrino	Thomas 1901	SUBSPECIES		zorrino	semistriatus		Conepatus	Mephitidae	Carnivora							
14001546	Mephitis	E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and F. G. Cuvier 1795	GENUS					Mephitis	Mephitidae	Carnivora	Mag. Encyclop. vol.2 p.187	Viverra mephitis Schreber, 1776.	Chincha  Lesson, 1842; Leucomitra Howell, 1901; Mammephitisus Herrera, 1899; Mephites Gray, 1847; Mephritis Gray, 1821; Spilogale Gray, 1865; Viverra Schreber, 1776.				
14001547	Mephitis macroura	Lichtenstein 1832	SPECIES			macroura		Mephitis	Mephitidae	Carnivora	Darst. Säugeth. p.text: "Mephitis macroura," [not paginated], pl. 46		concolor  Gray, 1865; edulis Coues, 1877; intermedia Gray, 1869; longicaudata Tomes, 1862; mexicana Gray, 1837; vittata Lichtenstein, 1832; eximius Hall and Dalquest, 1950; milleri Mearns, 1897; richardsoni Goodwin, 1957.	Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, USA (S Arizona, S New Mexico, and W Texas).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Hwang and Larivière (2001). Synonyms allocated according to Hall (1981) and Hwang and Larivière (2001).	Hooded Skunk
14001548	Mephitis macroura subsp. macroura	Lichtenstein 1832	SUBSPECIES		macroura	macroura		Mephitis	Mephitidae	Carnivora	Darst. Säugeth. p.text: "Mephitis macroura," [not paginated], pl. 46						
14001549	Mephitis macroura subsp. eximius	Hall and Dalquest 1950	SUBSPECIES		eximius	macroura		Mephitis	Mephitidae	Carnivora							
14001550	Mephitis macroura subsp. milleri	Mearns 1897	SUBSPECIES		milleri	macroura		Mephitis	Mephitidae	Carnivora							
14001551	Mephitis macroura subsp. richardsoni	Goodwin 1957	SUBSPECIES		richardsoni	macroura		Mephitis	Mephitidae	Carnivora							
14001614	Bassariscus astutus subsp. raptor	Baird 1859	SUBSPECIES		raptor	astutus		Bassariscus	Procyonidae	Carnivora							
14001615	Bassariscus astutus subsp. saxicola	Merriam 1897	SUBSPECIES		saxicola	astutus		Bassariscus	Procyonidae	Carnivora							
14001552	Mephitis mephitis	Schreber 1776	SPECIES			mephitis		Mephitis	Mephitidae	Carnivora	Die Säugethiere vol.3 17 p.pl. 121[1776], see also text, 3(26):444, 588 (index)[1777]		americana  Desmarest, 1818; chinche Fischer, 1829; mephitica Saw, 1792; vulgaris F. Cuvier, 1842; avia Bangs, 1898; newtonensis Brown, 1908; elongata Bangs, 1895; estor Merriam, 1890; holzneri Mearns, 1898; hudsonica Richardson, 1829; americana (Lesson, 1865); chinga Tiedemann, 1808 [preoccupied]; minnesotoe Brass, 1911; major Howell, 1901; mesomelas Lichtenstein, 1832; mesomeles Gerrard, 1862; scrutator Bangs, 1896; nigra (Peale and Palisot de Beauvois, 1796); bivirgata C. E. H. Smith, 1839; dentata Brass, 1911; fetidissima Boitard, 1842; frontata Coues, 1875; olida Boitard, 1842; putida Boitard, 1842; notata Hall, 1936; occidentalis Baird, 1858; notata Howell, 1901; platyrhina (Howell, 1901); spissigrada Bangs, 1898; foetulenta Elliot, 1899; varians Gray, 1837; texana Low, 1879.	Canada (SW Northwest Territories to Hudson Bay and S Quebec), Mexico (N Tamaulipas, N Durango, and N Baja California), USA.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Synonyms allocated according to Hall (1981) and Wade-Smith and Verts (1982).	Striped Skunk
14001553	Mephitis mephitis subsp. mephitis	Schreber 1776	SUBSPECIES		mephitis	mephitis		Mephitis	Mephitidae	Carnivora	Die Säugethiere vol.3 17 p.pl. 121[1776], see also text, 3(26):444, 588 (index)[1777]						
14001554	Mephitis mephitis subsp. avia	Bangs 1898	SUBSPECIES		avia	mephitis		Mephitis	Mephitidae	Carnivora							
14001555	Mephitis mephitis subsp. elongata	Bangs 1895	SUBSPECIES		elongata	mephitis		Mephitis	Mephitidae	Carnivora							
14001556	Mephitis mephitis subsp. estor	Merriam 1890	SUBSPECIES		estor	mephitis		Mephitis	Mephitidae	Carnivora							
14001557	Mephitis mephitis subsp. holzneri	Mearns 1898	SUBSPECIES		holzneri	mephitis		Mephitis	Mephitidae	Carnivora							
14001558	Mephitis mephitis subsp. hudsonica	Richardson 1829	SUBSPECIES		hudsonica	mephitis		Mephitis	Mephitidae	Carnivora							
14001559	Mephitis mephitis subsp. major	Howell 1901	SUBSPECIES		major	mephitis		Mephitis	Mephitidae	Carnivora							
14001560	Mephitis mephitis subsp. mesomelas	Lichtenstein 1832	SUBSPECIES		mesomelas	mephitis		Mephitis	Mephitidae	Carnivora							
14001561	Mephitis mephitis subsp. nigra	Peale and Palisot de Beauvois 1796	SUBSPECIES		nigra	mephitis		Mephitis	Mephitidae	Carnivora							
14001562	Mephitis mephitis subsp. notata	Hall 1936	SUBSPECIES		notata	mephitis		Mephitis	Mephitidae	Carnivora							
14001563	Mephitis mephitis subsp. occidentalis	Baird 1858	SUBSPECIES		occidentalis	mephitis		Mephitis	Mephitidae	Carnivora							
14001564	Mephitis mephitis subsp. spissigrada	Bangs 1898	SUBSPECIES		spissigrada	mephitis		Mephitis	Mephitidae	Carnivora							
14001565	Mephitis mephitis subsp. varians	Gray 1837	SUBSPECIES		varians	mephitis		Mephitis	Mephitidae	Carnivora							
14001566	Mydaus	F. G. Cuvier 1821	GENUS					Mydaus	Mephitidae	Carnivora	In E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and F. G. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mammifères, pt. 2 vol.3 27 p."Telagon", 2 pp., 1 pl.	Mydaus meliceps F. G. Cuvier, 1821 (= Mephitis javanensis Desmarest, 1820).	Mephitis  Desmarest, 1820; Mydaon Gloger, 1865; Suillotaxus Lawrence, 1939.			Lawrence (1939) believed that differences in dentition and pelage warranted separation of these taxa into separate, monotypic genera (i.e., Suillotaxus marchei, Mydaus javanensis). These differences parallel those found within the genus Melogale (Long and Killingley, 1983). This genus is provisionally placed in this family (see comments therein), its position may be better considered as incertae sedis.	
14001567	Mydaus javanensis	Desmarest 1820	SPECIES			javanensis		Mydaus	Mephitidae	Carnivora	Mammalogie, in Encycl. Meth. vol.I p.187		foetidus  (Gray, 1865); meliceps (Cuvier, 1821); lucifer Thomas, 1902; luciferoides Lönnberg and Mjöberg, 1925; montanus Moulton, 1921; ollula Thomas, 1902.	Indonesia (Java, Borneo, Sumatra and the Natuna Isls) and Malaysia (Sabah, Sarawak).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Synonyms allocated according to Chasen (1940) and Hwang and Lariviere (2003).	Sunda Stink Badger
14001568	Mydaus javanensis subsp. javanensis	Desmarest 1820	SUBSPECIES		javanensis	javanensis		Mydaus	Mephitidae	Carnivora	Mammalogie, in Encycl. Meth. vol.I p.187						
14001569	Mydaus javanensis subsp. lucifer	Thomas 1902	SUBSPECIES		lucifer	javanensis		Mydaus	Mephitidae	Carnivora							
14001570	Mydaus javanensis subsp. ollula	Thomas 1902	SUBSPECIES		ollula	javanensis		Mydaus	Mephitidae	Carnivora							
14001571	Mydaus marchei	Huet 1887	SPECIES			marchei		Mydaus	Mephitidae	Carnivora	Le Naturaliste, ser. 2 vol.9 13 p.149-151		schadenbergii  (Jentink, 1895).	Philippine Isls (Palawan and Calamian Isls).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Referred to the genus Suillotaxus by Lawrence (1939). Suillotaxus was considered a subgenus of Mydaus by Long (1978, 1981).	Palawan Stink Badger
14001616	Bassariscus astutus subsp. willetti	Stager 1950	SUBSPECIES		willetti	astutus		Bassariscus	Procyonidae	Carnivora							
14001617	Bassariscus astutus subsp. yumanensis	Huey 1937	SUBSPECIES		yumanensis	astutus		Bassariscus	Procyonidae	Carnivora							
14001573	Spilogale angustifrons	Howell 1902	SPECIES			angustifrons		Spilogale	Mephitidae	Carnivora	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.15 p.242		celeris  Hall, 1938; elata Howell, 1906; tropicalis Howell, 1902; yucatanensis Burt, 1938.	Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, C Mexico, Nicaragua.			Southern Spotted Skunk
14001574	Spilogale angustifrons subsp. angustifrons	Howell 1902	SUBSPECIES		angustifrons	angustifrons		Spilogale	Mephitidae	Carnivora	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.15 p.242						
14001575	Spilogale angustifrons subsp. celeris	Hall 1938	SUBSPECIES		celeris	angustifrons		Spilogale	Mephitidae	Carnivora							
14001576	Spilogale angustifrons subsp. elata	Howell 1906	SUBSPECIES		elata	angustifrons		Spilogale	Mephitidae	Carnivora							
14001577	Spilogale angustifrons subsp. tropicalis	Howell 1902	SUBSPECIES		tropicalis	angustifrons		Spilogale	Mephitidae	Carnivora							
14001578	Spilogale angustifrons subsp. yucatanensis	Burt 1938	SUBSPECIES		yucatanensis	angustifrons		Spilogale	Mephitidae	Carnivora							
14001579	Spilogale gracilis	Merriam 1890	SPECIES			gracilis		Spilogale	Mephitidae	Carnivora	N. Amer. Fauna vol.3 p.83		saxatilis Merriam, 1890; tenuis Howell, 1902; amphialus Dickey, 1929; latifrons Merriam, 1890; olympica Elliot, 1899; leucoparia Merriam, 1890; ambigua Mearns, 1897; arizonae Mearns, 1891; texensis Merriam, 1890; lucasana Merriam, 1890; martirensis Elliot, 1903; microdon Howell, 1906; phenax Merriam, 1890; microrhina Hall, 1926; zorrilla (Lichtenstein, 1838).	Mexico (central plateau); USA (from the Puget Sound region in the west to an eastern boundary in Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, W Oklahoma and W Texas).		Reviewed by Verts et al. (2001).	Western Spotted Skunk
14001580	Spilogale gracilis subsp. gracilis	Merriam 1890	SUBSPECIES		gracilis	gracilis		Spilogale	Mephitidae	Carnivora	N. Amer. Fauna vol.3 p.83						
14001581	Spilogale gracilis subsp. amphialus	Dickey 1929	SUBSPECIES		amphialus	gracilis		Spilogale	Mephitidae	Carnivora							
14001582	Spilogale gracilis subsp. latifrons	Merriam 1890	SUBSPECIES		latifrons	gracilis		Spilogale	Mephitidae	Carnivora							
14001583	Spilogale gracilis subsp. leucoparia	Merriam 1890	SUBSPECIES		leucoparia	gracilis		Spilogale	Mephitidae	Carnivora							
14001584	Spilogale gracilis subsp. lucasana	Merriam 1890	SUBSPECIES		lucasana	gracilis		Spilogale	Mephitidae	Carnivora							
14001585	Spilogale gracilis subsp. martirensis	Elliot 1903	SUBSPECIES		martirensis	gracilis		Spilogale	Mephitidae	Carnivora							
14001586	Spilogale gracilis subsp. phenax	Merriam 1890	SUBSPECIES		phenax	gracilis		Spilogale	Mephitidae	Carnivora							
14001587	Spilogale putorius	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			putorius		Spilogale	Mephitidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.44		bicolor (J. E. Gray, 1837); mapurita (P. L. S. Müller, 1776); putida (F. G. Cuvier, 1798); ringens Merriam, 1890; striata (Shaw, 1800); zorilla (Schreber, 1776); ambarvalis Bangs, 1898; interrupta (Rafinesque, 1820); indianola Merriam, 1890; quaterlinearis (Winans, 1859).	USA (Florida N to Kentucky and W Virginia, W through the Great Plains, from Texas to North Dakota and Minnesota).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Kinlaw (1995).	Eastern Spotted Skunk
14001588	Spilogale putorius subsp. putorius	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		putorius	putorius		Spilogale	Mephitidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.44						
14001589	Spilogale putorius subsp. ambarvalis	Bangs 1898	SUBSPECIES		ambarvalis	putorius		Spilogale	Mephitidae	Carnivora							
14001590	Spilogale putorius subsp. interrupta	Rafinesque 1820	SUBSPECIES		interrupta	putorius		Spilogale	Mephitidae	Carnivora							
14001610	Bassariscus astutus subsp. macdougalli	Goodwin 1956	SUBSPECIES		macdougalli	astutus		Bassariscus	Procyonidae	Carnivora							
14001591	Spilogale pygmaea	Thomas 1897 "1898"	SPECIES			pygmaea		Spilogale	Mephitidae	Carnivora	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1897 p.898		australis  Hall, 1938; albipes Goodwin, 1956; intermedia López-Forment and Urbano, 1979.	Mexico (West coastal regions from Sinaloa to Oaxaca).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Medellín et al. (1998a), from which synonyms are allocated. Ewer (1973) argued that pygmaea is conspecific with putorius.	Pygmy Spotted Skunk
14001639	Nasua nasua subsp. montana	Tschundi 1844	SUBSPECIES		montana	nasua		Nasua	Procyonidae	Carnivora							
14001595	Procyonidae	Gray 1825	FAMILY						Procyonidae	Carnivora	Ann. Philos., n.s. vol.10 p.339		Bassaricyonidae Coues, 1887; Bassaridae Gray, 1869; Bassariscidae Gray, 1869; Cercoleptidae Bonaparte, 1838; Nasuidae Gray, 1869; Potidae Degland, 1854; Potosinae Trouessart, 1904.			Revised by Hollister (1915a), Pocock (1921a), Baskin (1982, 1989), and Decker and Wozencraft (1991). Does not include Ailurus or Ailuropoda, following Davis (1964), Todd and Pressman (1968), Sarich (1976), Ginsburg (1982), Wozencraft (1989), Decker and Wozencraft (1991), Bininda-Emonds et al., (1999), and Flynn et al. (2000). However, Hollister (1915a), Gregory (1936), and Thenius (1979) considered Ailurus in the Procyonidae.	
14001596	Bassaricyon	J. A. Allen 1876	GENUS					Bassaricyon	Procyonidae	Carnivora	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.28 p.20, pl. 1	Bassaricyon gabbi J. A. Allen, 1876, by designation.				Reviewed by Poglayen-Neuwall (1965). Several workers have suggested that the several named forms of Bassaricyon are conspecific (Decker and Wozencraft, 1991; Ewer, 1973; Hall and Kelson, 1959; Stains, 1967; Wozencraft, 1989), but supporting systematic work is lacking.	
14001597	Bassaricyon alleni	Thomas 1880	SPECIES			alleni		Bassaricyon	Procyonidae	Carnivora	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1880 p.397			Bolivia, Ecuador (east of the Andes), Peru (to Cuzco Prov.), Venezuela (?).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Allen's Olingo
14001598	Bassaricyon beddardi	Pocock 1921	SPECIES			beddardi		Bassaricyon	Procyonidae	Carnivora	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.7 p.231		alleni Sclater, 1895 [preoccupied].	Guyana, and possibly adjacent Venezuela and Brasil.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Cabrera (1957) erroneously listed Bassaricyon beddardi as Bassariscus beddardi.	Beddard's Olingo
14001599	Bassaricyon gabbii	J. A. Allen 1876	SPECIES			gabbii		Bassaricyon	Procyonidae	Carnivora	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. vol.28 p.21		IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	W Colombia, Costa Rica, W Ecuador, C Nicaragua, Panama.	CITES  Appendix III (Costa Rica).	Synonyms allocated according to Cabrera (1957) and Hall (1981).	Olingo
14001600	Bassaricyon lasius	Harris 1932	SPECIES			lasius		Bassaricyon	Procyonidae	Carnivora	Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan vol.248 p.3			Costa Rica (known only from the type locality).	IUCN  Endangered.		Harris's Olingo
14001601	Bassaricyon pauli	Enders 1936	SPECIES			pauli		Bassaricyon	Procyonidae	Carnivora	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.88 p.365			Panama (known only from the type locality).	IUCN  Endangered.		Chiriqui Olingo
14001602	Bassariscus	Coues 1887	GENUS					Bassariscus	Procyonidae	Carnivora	Science vol.9 p.516	Bassariscus astutus, by monotypy through the replaced name Bassaris astuta Lichtenstein, 1830 (Melville and Smith, 1987).	Bassaris  Lichtenstein, 1830; Jentinkia Trouessart, 1904; Mambassariscus Herrera, 1899; Wagneria Jentink, 1886.			Hollister (1915a) placed in monotypic Bassariscidae.	
14001603	Bassariscus astutus	Lichtenstein 1827 "1830"	SPECIES			astutus		Bassariscus	Procyonidae	Carnivora	Abh. König. Akad. Wiss., Berlin vol.1827 p.119		albipes Elliot, 1904; arizonensis Goldman, 1932; bolei Goldman, 1945; consitus Nelson and Goldman, 1932; flavus Rhoads, 1893; insulicola Nelson and Goldman, 1909; macdougalli Goodwin, 1956; nevadensis Miller, 1913; octavus Hall, 1926; palmarius Nelson and Goldman, 1909; raptor (Baird, 1859); oregonus Rhoads, 1894; saxicola Merriam, 1897; willetti Stager, 1950; yumanensis Huey, 1937.	Mexico (from USA to the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Tiburon Isl and several other islands in the Gulf of California), USA (SW Oregon, N Nevada, Utah, SW Wyoming and W Colorado, south through California, Arizona, New Mexico and Texas).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Revised by Rhoads (1893). Reviewed by Poglayen-Neuwall and Toweill (1988). Synonyms allocated according to Hall (1981) and Poglayen-Neuwall and Toweill (1988).	Ringtail
14001604	Bassariscus astutus subsp. astutus	Lichtenstein 1827 "1830"	SUBSPECIES		astutus	astutus		Bassariscus	Procyonidae	Carnivora	Abh. König. Akad. Wiss., Berlin vol.1827 p.119						
14001605	Bassariscus astutus subsp. arizonensis	Goldman 1932	SUBSPECIES		arizonensis	astutus		Bassariscus	Procyonidae	Carnivora							
14001606	Bassariscus astutus subsp. bolei	Goldman 1945	SUBSPECIES		bolei	astutus		Bassariscus	Procyonidae	Carnivora							
14001607	Bassariscus astutus subsp. consitus	Nelson and Goldman 1932	SUBSPECIES		consitus	astutus		Bassariscus	Procyonidae	Carnivora							
14001608	Bassariscus astutus subsp. flavus	Rhoads 1893	SUBSPECIES		flavus	astutus		Bassariscus	Procyonidae	Carnivora							
14001609	Bassariscus astutus subsp. insulicola	Nelson and Goldman 1909	SUBSPECIES		insulicola	astutus		Bassariscus	Procyonidae	Carnivora							
14001611	Bassariscus astutus subsp. nevadensis	Miller 1913	SUBSPECIES		nevadensis	astutus		Bassariscus	Procyonidae	Carnivora							
14001612	Bassariscus astutus subsp. octavus	Hall 1926	SUBSPECIES		octavus	astutus		Bassariscus	Procyonidae	Carnivora							
14001613	Bassariscus astutus subsp. palmarius	Nelson and Goldman 1909	SUBSPECIES		palmarius	astutus		Bassariscus	Procyonidae	Carnivora							
14001618	Bassariscus sumichrasti	Saussure 1860	SPECIES			sumichrasti		Bassariscus	Procyonidae	Carnivora	Rev. Mag. Zool. Paris, ser. 2 vol.12 p.7		campechensis (Nelson and Goldman, 1932); monticola (Cordero, 1875); latrans (Davis and Lukens, 1958); notinus Thomas, 1903; oaxacensis (Goodwin, 1956); variabilis (Peters, 1874).	Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico (Guerrero and S), Nicaragua, W Panama.	CITES  Appendix III (Costa Rica); IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Synonyms allocated according to Hall (1981).	Cacomistle
14001663	Procyon cancrivorus subsp. panamensis	Goldman 1913	SUBSPECIES		panamensis	cancrivorus		Procyon	Procyonidae	Carnivora							
14001619	Bassariscus sumichrasti subsp. sumichrasti	Saussure 1860	SUBSPECIES		sumichrasti	sumichrasti		Bassariscus	Procyonidae	Carnivora	Rev. Mag. Zool. Paris, ser. 2 vol.12 p.7						
14001620	Bassariscus sumichrasti subsp. latrans	Davis and Lukens 1958	SUBSPECIES		latrans	sumichrasti		Bassariscus	Procyonidae	Carnivora							
14001621	Bassariscus sumichrasti subsp. notinus	Thomas 1903	SUBSPECIES		notinus	sumichrasti		Bassariscus	Procyonidae	Carnivora							
14001622	Bassariscus sumichrasti subsp. oaxacensis	Goodwin 1956	SUBSPECIES		oaxacensis	sumichrasti		Bassariscus	Procyonidae	Carnivora							
14001623	Bassariscus sumichrasti subsp. variabilis	Peters 1874	SUBSPECIES		variabilis	sumichrasti		Bassariscus	Procyonidae	Carnivora							
14001624	Nasua	Storr 1780	GENUS					Nasua	Procyonidae	Carnivora	Prodr. Meth. Mamm. p.p. 35, tabl. A	Viverra nasua Linnaeus, 1766, by absolute tautomy (Melville and Smith, 1987).	Coati  Lacépède, 1799; Mamnasuaus Herrera, 1899; Nasica South, 1845.			Revised by Allen (1879) and Decker (1991). Reviewed by Cabrera (1957).	
14001625	Nasua narica	Linnaeus 1766	SPECIES			narica		Nasua	Procyonidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 12th ed. vol.1 p.64		bullata J. A. Allen, 1904; isthmica Goldman, 1942; mexicana Weinland, 1860; nasica Winge, 1895; panamensis J. A. Allen, 1904; richmondi Goldman, 1932; subfusca Tiedemann, 1808; vulpecula (Erxleben, 1777); molaris Merriam, 1902; pallida J. A. Allen, 1904; tamaulipensis Goldman, 1942; nelsoni Merriam, 1901; thersites Thomas, 1901; yucatanica J. A. Allen, 1904.	Belize, Colombia (Gulf of Uraba), Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico (except Baja California), Nicaragua, Panama, USA (S Arizona and SW New Mexico).	CITES  Appendix III (Honduras) as Nasua narica; IUCN  Endangered as N. nelsoni, Lower Risk (lc) as N. narica.	Includes nelsoni (Decker, 1991). Reviewed by Gompper (1995), from which synonyms are allocated.	White-nosed Coati
14001626	Nasua narica subsp. narica	Linnaeus 1766	SUBSPECIES		narica	narica		Nasua	Procyonidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 12th ed. vol.1 p.64						
14001628	Nasua narica subsp. nelsoni	Merriam 1901	SUBSPECIES		nelsoni	narica		Nasua	Procyonidae	Carnivora							
14001629	Nasua narica subsp. yucatanica	J. A. Allen 1904	SUBSPECIES		yucatanica	narica		Nasua	Procyonidae	Carnivora							
14001630	Nasua nasua	Linnaeus 1766	SPECIES			nasua		Nasua	Procyonidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 12th ed. vol.1 p.64		annulata (Desmarest, 1920); fusca Desmarest, 1820; mexiana Hagmann, 1908; mexianae Vieira, 1945; nasua (Cuvier, 1798); quasje (Gmelin, 1788); rufa Desmarest, 1820; socialis J. B. Fischer, 1829; striata (Shaw, 1800); vulgaris F. G. Cuvier, 1842; vulpecula (Erxleben, 1777); aricana Vieira, 1945; boliviensis Cabrera, 1956; candace Thomas, 1912; judex Thomas, 1914; cinerascens Lönnberg, 1921; dorsalis Gray, 1866; jivaro Thomas, 1914; juruana Ihering, 1911; masua Lönnberg, 1921; mephisto Thomas, 1927; soederstroemmi Lönnberg, 1921; manium Thomas, 1912; gualeae Lönnberg, 1921; molaris Merriam, 1902; pallida J. A. Allen, 1904; tamaulipensis Goldman, 1942; montana Tschundi, 1844; monticola Schinz, 1844; quichua Thomas, 1901; solitaria Schinz, 1823; fulva Wagner, 1841; fusca Desmarest, 1820 [nomen nudum]; henseli Lönnberg, 1921; rufa J. A. Allen, 1875; sociabilis Schinz, 1823; socialis Wied-Neuwied, 1826; spadicea Olfers, 1818; vittata Tschudi, 1844; dichromatica Tate, 1939; phaeocephala J. A. Allen, 1904.	Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Surinam, Uruguay, Venezuela.	CITES  Appendix III as N. n. solitaria (Uruguay); IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Gompper and Decker (1998). Synonyms allocated according to Cabrera (1957) and Hall (1981).	South American Coati
14001631	Nasua nasua subsp. nasua	Linnaeus 1766	SUBSPECIES		nasua	nasua		Nasua	Procyonidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 12th ed. vol.1 p.64						
14001632	Nasua nasua subsp. aricana	Vieira 1945	SUBSPECIES		aricana	nasua		Nasua	Procyonidae	Carnivora							
14001633	Nasua nasua subsp. boliviensis	Cabrera 1956	SUBSPECIES		boliviensis	nasua		Nasua	Procyonidae	Carnivora							
14001634	Nasua nasua subsp. candace	Thomas 1912	SUBSPECIES		candace	nasua		Nasua	Procyonidae	Carnivora							
14001635	Nasua nasua subsp. cinerascens	Lönnberg 1921	SUBSPECIES		cinerascens	nasua		Nasua	Procyonidae	Carnivora							
14001636	Nasua nasua subsp. dorsalis	Gray 1866	SUBSPECIES		dorsalis	nasua		Nasua	Procyonidae	Carnivora							
14001637	Nasua nasua subsp. manium	Thomas 1912	SUBSPECIES		manium	nasua		Nasua	Procyonidae	Carnivora							
14001638	Nasua nasua subsp. molaris	Merriam 1902	SUBSPECIES		molaris	nasua		Nasua	Procyonidae	Carnivora							
14001643	Nasua nasua subsp. vittata	Tschudi 1844	SUBSPECIES		vittata	nasua		Nasua	Procyonidae	Carnivora							
14001644	Nasuella	Hollister 1915	GENUS					Nasuella	Procyonidae	Carnivora	Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. vol.49 p.148	Nasua olivacea meridensis Thomas, 1901, by designation.					
14001689	Ailurus	F. G. Cuvier 1825	GENUS					Ailurus	Ailuridae	Carnivora	InE. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and F. G. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mammifères, pt. 3 vol.5 50 p."Panda" 3 pp., 1 pl.	Ailurus fulgens F. G. Cuvier, 1825, by monotypy (Melville and Smith, 1987).	Aelurus  Agassiz, 1846; Aelurus Flower, 1870; Arctaelurus Gloger, 1841.			See comments under Family.	
14001645	Nasuella olivacea	Gray 1865	SPECIES			olivacea		Nasuella	Procyonidae	Carnivora	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1865 p.703		lagunetae  (J. A. Allen, 1913); meridensis (Thomas, 1901); quitensis (Lönnberg, 1913).	Colombia, Ecuador, W Venezuela.	IUCN  Data Deficient.	Synonyms allocated according to Cabrera (1957).	Mountain Coati
14001646	Nasuella olivacea subsp. olivacea	Gray 1865	SUBSPECIES		olivacea	olivacea		Nasuella	Procyonidae	Carnivora	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1865 p.703						
14001647	Nasuella olivacea subsp. meridensis	Thomas 1901	SUBSPECIES		meridensis	olivacea		Nasuella	Procyonidae	Carnivora							
14001648	Nasuella olivacea subsp. quitensis	Lönnberg 1913	SUBSPECIES		quitensis	olivacea		Nasuella	Procyonidae	Carnivora							
14001649	Potos	E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and F. G. Cuvier 1795	GENUS					Potos	Procyonidae	Carnivora	Mag. Encyclop. vol.2 p.187	Viverra caudivolvula Schreber, 1777 (= Lemur flavus Schreber, 1774), by original designation.	Cercoleptes  Illiger, 1811; Kinkajou Lacépède, 1799; Kinkaschu G. Fischer de Waldheim, 1813; Mamcercolepteus Herrera, 1899.			Hernández-Camacho (1977) placed Potos in Cercoleptidae Bonaparte, 1838.	
14001650	Potos flavus	Schreber 1774	SPECIES			flavus		Potos	Procyonidae	Carnivora	Die Säugethiere vol.1 9 p.pl. 42[1774]; see also text, p. 187[189](index)[1774]		brachyotos (Schinz, 1844); brachyotus (Martin, 1836); caudivolvula (Schreber, 1777); caudivolvulus (Cuvier, 1798); caudivolvulus (Lacépède, 1799); potto (Müller, 1776); simiasciurus (Schreber, 1774); chapadensis J. A. Allen, 1904; brasiliensis Ihering, 1911; caudivolvulus (Pelzeln, 1883) [preoccupied]; dugesii Villa, 1944; chiriquensis J. A. Allen, 1904; arborensis Goodwin, 1938; boothi Goodwin, 1957; campechensis Nelson and Goldman, 1931; megalotus (Martin, 1836); brachyotus Trouessart, 1910; caucensis J. A. Allen, 1904; isthmicus Goldman, 1913; mansuetus Thomas, 1914; modestus Lönnberg, 1921; tolimensis J. A. Allen, 1913; meridensis Thomas, 1902; modestus Thomas, 1902; caudivolvulus (Thomas, 1880) [preoccupied]; nocturnus Wied-Neuwied, 1826; aztecus Thomas, 1902; guerrerensis Goldman, 1915; prehensilis (Kerr, 1792) [preoccupied].	Belize, Bolivia, Brazil (Mato Grosso), Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico (S Tamaulipas and Guerrero and possibly Michoacan), Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Surinam, Venezuela.	CITES  Appendix III (Hondurus); IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Cabrera (1957), Husson (1978), and Ford and Hoffmann (1988). Revised by Kortlucke (1973) and Hernández-Camacho (1977). Synonyms allocated according to Ford and Hoffmann (1988).	Kinkajou
14001651	Potos flavus subsp. flavus	Schreber 1774	SUBSPECIES		flavus	flavus		Potos	Procyonidae	Carnivora	Die Säugethiere vol.1 9 p.pl. 42[1774]; see also text, p. 187[189](index)[1774]						
14001652	Potos flavus subsp. chapadensis	J. A. Allen 1904	SUBSPECIES		chapadensis	flavus		Potos	Procyonidae	Carnivora							
14001653	Potos flavus subsp. chiriquensis	J. A. Allen 1904	SUBSPECIES		chiriquensis	flavus		Potos	Procyonidae	Carnivora							
14001654	Potos flavus subsp. megalotus	Martin 1836	SUBSPECIES		megalotus	flavus		Potos	Procyonidae	Carnivora							
14001655	Potos flavus subsp. meridensis	Thomas 1902	SUBSPECIES		meridensis	flavus		Potos	Procyonidae	Carnivora							
14001656	Potos flavus subsp. modestus	Thomas 1902	SUBSPECIES		modestus	flavus		Potos	Procyonidae	Carnivora							
14001657	Potos flavus subsp. nocturnus	Wied-Neuwied 1826	SUBSPECIES		nocturnus	flavus		Potos	Procyonidae	Carnivora							
14001658	Procyon	Storr 1780	GENUS					Procyon	Procyonidae	Carnivora	Prodr. Meth. Mamm. p.35	Ursus lotor Linnaeus, 1758, by designation by Elliot (1901).				Reviewed by Goldman (1950) and Lotze and Anderson (1979). Hall (1981) listed minor, gloveralleni, insularis, maynardi, and pygmaeus as distinct, but gave no supporting rationale. Koopman et al. (1957) examined the type series of maynardi and showed them to be conspecific with lotor. Lotze and Anderson (1979) and Corbet and Hill (1986) have suggested that only cancrivorus and lotor are distinct, and other species are conspecific with lotor. Pons et al. (1999) showed that minor is conspecific with lotor, and Helgen and Wilson (2003) showed that gloveralleni, maynardi, and minor are introductions to the Caribbean from eastern United States.	
14001685	Procyon lotor subsp. simus	Gidley 1906	SUBSPECIES		simus	lotor		Procyon	Procyonidae	Carnivora							
14001659	Procyon cancrivorus	G.[Baron] Cuvier 1798	SPECIES			cancrivorus		Procyon	Procyonidae	Carnivora	Tabl. Elem. Hist. Nat. Anim. p.113		aequatorialis  J. A. Allen, 1915; nigripes Mivart, 1886; brasiliensis Ihering, 1911; panamensis (Goldman, 1913); proteus J. A. Allen, 1904 [preoccupied].	Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guyana, Panama, Peru, Surinam, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Synonyms allocated according to Cabrera (1957).	Crab-eating Raccoon
14001660	Procyon cancrivorus subsp. cancrivorus	G.[Baron] Cuvier 1798	SUBSPECIES		cancrivorus	cancrivorus		Procyon	Procyonidae	Carnivora	Tabl. Elem. Hist. Nat. Anim. p.113						
14001661	Procyon cancrivorus subsp. aequatorialis	J. A. Allen 1915	SUBSPECIES		aequatorialis	cancrivorus		Procyon	Procyonidae	Carnivora							
14001662	Procyon cancrivorus subsp. nigripes	Mivart 1886	SUBSPECIES		nigripes	cancrivorus		Procyon	Procyonidae	Carnivora							
14001664	Procyon lotor	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			lotor		Procyon	Procyonidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.48		annulatus G. Fischer, 1814; brachyurus Wiegmann, 1837; fusca Burmeister, 1850; gularis C. E. H. Smith, 1848; melanus J. E. Gray, 1864; obscurus Wiegmann, 1837; rufescens de Beaux, 1910; vulgaris (Tiedemann, 1808); auspicatus Nelson, 1930; elucus Bangs, 1898; excelsus Nelson and Goldman, 1930; fuscipes Mearns, 1914; gloveralleni Nelson and Goldman, 1930; solutus Nelson and Goldman, 1931; grinnelli Nelson and Goldman, 1930; hernandezii Wagler, 1831; crassidens Hollister, 1914; dickeyi Nelson and Goldman, 1931; mexicana Baird, 1858; shufeldti Nelson and Goldman, 1931; hirtus Nelson and Goldman, 1930; incautus Nelson, 1930; inesperatus Nelson, 1930; insularis Merriam, 1898; vicinus Nelson and Goldman, 1931; litoreus Nelson and Goldman, 1930; marinus Nelson, 1930; maritimus Dozier, 1948; maynardi Bangs, 1898; flavidus de Beaux, 1910; minor Miller, 1911; varius Nelson and Goldman, 1930; megalodous Lowery, 1943; pacificus Merriam, 1899; proteus Brass, 1911; pallidus Merriam, 1900; ochraceus Mearns, 1914; psora Gray, 1842; californicus Means, 1914; pumilus Miller, 1911; simus Gidley, 1906; vancouverensis Nelson and Goldman, 1930.	S Canada, Mexico, Panama, USA (except parts of the Rocky Mtns). Introductions into: Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Russia, Switzerland, Uzbekistan.	IUCN  Extinct as P. gloveralleni, Endangered as P. insularis, P. maynardi, and P. minor, Lower Risk (lc) as P. lotor.	Reviewed by Lotze and Anderson (1979). Includes the Caribbean introduced populations of gloveralleni, minor, and maynardi after Helgen and Wilson (2003); includes insularis after Helgen and Wilson (In Press). Synonyms allocated according to Cabrera (1957), Lotze and Anderson (1979), and Helgen and Wilson (2003; In Press).	Raccoon
14001665	Procyon lotor subsp. lotor	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		lotor	lotor		Procyon	Procyonidae	Carnivora	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.48						
14001666	Procyon lotor subsp. auspicatus	Nelson 1930	SUBSPECIES		auspicatus	lotor		Procyon	Procyonidae	Carnivora							
14001667	Procyon lotor subsp. elucus	Bangs 1898	SUBSPECIES		elucus	lotor		Procyon	Procyonidae	Carnivora							
14001668	Procyon lotor subsp. excelsus	Nelson and Goldman 1930	SUBSPECIES		excelsus	lotor		Procyon	Procyonidae	Carnivora							
14001669	Procyon lotor subsp. fuscipes	Mearns 1914	SUBSPECIES		fuscipes	lotor		Procyon	Procyonidae	Carnivora							
14001670	Procyon lotor subsp. gloveralleni	Nelson and Goldman 1930	SUBSPECIES		gloveralleni	lotor		Procyon	Procyonidae	Carnivora							
14001671	Procyon lotor subsp. grinnelli	Nelson and Goldman 1930	SUBSPECIES		grinnelli	lotor		Procyon	Procyonidae	Carnivora							
14001672	Procyon lotor subsp. hernandezii	Wagler 1831	SUBSPECIES		hernandezii	lotor		Procyon	Procyonidae	Carnivora							
14001673	Procyon lotor subsp. hirtus	Nelson and Goldman 1930	SUBSPECIES		hirtus	lotor		Procyon	Procyonidae	Carnivora							
14001674	Procyon lotor subsp. incautus	Nelson 1930	SUBSPECIES		incautus	lotor		Procyon	Procyonidae	Carnivora							
14001675	Procyon lotor subsp. inesperatus	Nelson 1930	SUBSPECIES		inesperatus	lotor		Procyon	Procyonidae	Carnivora							
14001676	Procyon lotor subsp. insularis	Merriam 1898	SUBSPECIES		insularis	lotor		Procyon	Procyonidae	Carnivora							
14001677	Procyon lotor subsp. litoreus	Nelson and Goldman 1930	SUBSPECIES		litoreus	lotor		Procyon	Procyonidae	Carnivora							
14001678	Procyon lotor subsp. marinus	Nelson 1930	SUBSPECIES		marinus	lotor		Procyon	Procyonidae	Carnivora							
14001679	Procyon lotor subsp. maynardi	Bangs 1898	SUBSPECIES		maynardi	lotor		Procyon	Procyonidae	Carnivora							
14001680	Procyon lotor subsp. megalodous	Lowery 1943	SUBSPECIES		megalodous	lotor		Procyon	Procyonidae	Carnivora							
14001681	Procyon lotor subsp. pacificus	Merriam 1899	SUBSPECIES		pacificus	lotor		Procyon	Procyonidae	Carnivora							
14001682	Procyon lotor subsp. pallidus	Merriam 1900	SUBSPECIES		pallidus	lotor		Procyon	Procyonidae	Carnivora							
14001683	Procyon lotor subsp. psora	Gray 1842	SUBSPECIES		psora	lotor		Procyon	Procyonidae	Carnivora							
14001684	Procyon lotor subsp. pumilus	Miller 1911	SUBSPECIES		pumilus	lotor		Procyon	Procyonidae	Carnivora							
14001687	Procyon pygmaeus	Merriam 1901	SPECIES			pygmaeus		Procyon	Procyonidae	Carnivora	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.14 p.101			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN  Endangered.	Placed in Procyon pygmaeus according to Hall (1981), Lazell (1981), and Helgen and Wilson (In Press); although similar differences between Cozumel and mainland forms of Nasua were recognized at the subspecies level (Decker, 1991).	Cozumel Raccoon
14001688	Ailuridae	Gray 1843	FAMILY						Ailuridae	Carnivora	List Spec. Mamm. Coll. B.M. p.xxi.		Ailuridae Flower, 1869; Ailuridae Gray, 1869; Ailurina Gray, 1843; Ailurinae Trouessart, 1885.			Biochemical and molecular evidence has suggested that the enigmatic Ailurus is either (1) intermediate between procyonids and ursids (O'Brien et al., 1985; Sarich, 1973; Tagle et al., 1986; Wayne et al., 1989; Wurster and Benirschke, 1968); (2) more closely related to ursids than to procyonids (Todd and Pressmann, 1968; Zhang and Shi, 1991); (3) more closely related to procyonids than to ursids (Goldman et al., 1989; Pecon Slattery and O'Brien, 1995), or, finally; (4) more closely related to mephitids+procyonids (Bininda-Emonds et al., 1999; Flynn et al., 2000). Morphological studies have pointed out the lack of any shared derived features with the procyonids (Bugge, 1978; Decker and Wozencraft, 1991; Ginsburg, 1982; Hunt, 1974; Mayr, 1986; Schmidt-Kittler, 1981; Wozencraft, 1989a, b). Flynn et al. (1988) could not find any unambiguous features to place Ailurus with the procyonids, and only two characters to unite Ailurus with some procyonids, the los... [truncated]	
14001690	Ailurus fulgens	F. G. Cuvier 1825	SPECIES			fulgens		Ailurus	Ailuridae	Carnivora	InE. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and F. G. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mammifères, pt. 4 vol.5 50 p."Panda" 3 pp., 1 pl.		ochraceus  Hodgson, 1847; refulgens Milne-Edwards, 1874; styani Thomas, 1902.	N Burma, China (Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan. Recently extinct, or absent in Guizhou, Gansu, Shaanxi, and Qinghai; see Wei, et al., 1999), Nepal, Sikkim (India).	CITES  Appendix I; IUCN  Endangered.	Reviewed by Roberts and Gittleman (1984). Synonyms allocated according to Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951).	Red Panda
14001691	Ailurus fulgens subsp. fulgens	F. G. Cuvier 1825	SUBSPECIES		fulgens	fulgens		Ailurus	Ailuridae	Carnivora	InE. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and F. G. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mammifères, pt. 5 vol.5 50 p."Panda" 3 pp., 1 pl.						
14200031	Potamochoerus larvatus subsp. hassama	Heuglin 1863	SUBSPECIES		hassama	larvatus		Potamochoerus	Suidae	Artiodactyla							
14200001	Artiodactyla	Owen 1848	ORDER							Artiodactyla							
14200002	Suidae	Gray 1821	FAMILY						Suidae	Artiodactyla	London Med. Repos. vol.15 p.306		Babyrousini Thenius, 1970; Babirussina Gray, 1868 [unavailable]; Eurodontina Gray, 1873 [unavailable]; Hylochoerini Mekayev, 2002; Phacochoerini Gray, 1868; Potamochoerini Gray, 1873.			McKenna and Bell (1997) assigned all extant suids to the subfamily Suinae. Babirussina Gray, 1868 is based on Babirussa Frisch, 1775 which is unavailable. Includes as Tribes Babyrousini (including Babyrousa), Phacochoerini (including Phacochoerus), Potamochoerini (including Hylochoerus and Potamochoerus), and Suini (including Sus).	
14200004	Suini	Gray 1821	TRIBE						Suidae	Artiodactyla	London Med. Repos. vol.15 p.306						
14200005	Babyrousini	Thenius 1970	TRIBE						Suidae	Artiodactyla							
14200006	Phacochoerini	Gray 1868	TRIBE						Suidae	Artiodactyla							
14200007	Potamochoerini	Gray 1873	TRIBE						Suidae	Artiodactyla							
14200008	Babyrousa	Perry 1811	GENUS					Babyrousa	Suidae	Artiodactyla	Arcana, Mus. Nat. Hist. p.(plate and 2 pages, unno.)	Babyrousa quadricornua Perry, 1811 (= Sus babyrussa Linnaeus, 1758).	Babiroussa F. Cuvier, 1825; Babiroussous Thomas, 1895; Babiroussus Gray, 1821; Babirusa Lesson, 1842; Babirussa Frisch, 1775 [unavailable]; Babirussa Rafinesque, 1815; Babyrussa Burnett, 1830; Choerelaphus Gloger, 1841; Elaphochoerus Gistel, 1848; Porcus Wagler, 1830; Sukotyrus Kerr, 1792 [nomen oblitum]; Suckoteirus Gray, 1843.			Revised by Groves (1980b).	
14200009	Babyrousa babyrussa	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			babyrussa		Babyrousa	Suidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.50		alfurus (Lesson, 1827); babirousa (Jardine, 1836); babirusa Guillemard, 1889; babirussa (Quoy and Gaimard, 1830); frosti (Thomas, 1920); indicus (Kerr, 1792); orientalis (Brisson, 1762) [unavailable]; quadricornua Perry, 1811.	Indonesia, Buru (N Molucca Isls) and Sula Isls.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Vulnerable.	Former subspecies raised to species rank (Groves, 2001a, Meijaard and Groves, 2002). Probably introduced to Buru and the Sulu Isls; original distribution unknown (Groves, 1980b).	Buru Babirusa
14200010	Babyrousa bolabatuensis	Hoojer 1950	SPECIES			bolabatuensis		Babyrousa	Suidae	Artiodactyla	Verh. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch Amsterdam (Afd. Natuurk.) vol.46 2 p.121			Known by jaws and teeth of Holocene age from the type locality and one Recent skull from Gunung Malema, Moa, near Kulawi in C Sulawesi.			Bola Batu Babirusa
14200011	Babyrousa celebensis	Deninger 1909	SPECIES			celebensis		Babyrousa	Suidae	Artiodactyla	Ber. Naturf. Ges. Freiburg vol.18 p.7		merkusi De Beaufort, 1964 [nomen nudum].	Northern peninsula of Sulawesi, at least as far west as Bumbulan and including Lembeh Isl.			North Sulawesi Babirusa
14200012	Babyrousa togeanensis	Sody 1949	SPECIES			togeanensis		Babyrousa	Suidae	Artiodactyla	Treubia vol.20 p.187			Known only from Malenge Isl.			Malenge Babirusa
14200013	Hylochoerus	Thomas 1904	GENUS					Hylochoerus	Suidae	Artiodactyla	Nature vol.70 p.577	Hylochoerus meinertzhageni Thomas, 1904.					
14200014	Hylochoerus meinertzhageni	Thomas 1904	SPECIES			meinertzhageni		Hylochoerus	Suidae	Artiodactyla	Nature vol.70 p.577		gigliolii Balducci, 1909; rimator Thomas, 1906; ituriensis Matschie, 1906; ivoriensis Bouet and Neuville, 1930.	W Africa in Guinea, Côte dIvoire, and Ghana; not confirmed from Guinea Bissau, Sierra Leone, and Togo (Grubb et al., 1998). C Africa in W and SE Cameroon, Central African Republic, N and E Dem. Rep. Congo, SW Ethiopia, N Gabon, Kenya, E Nigeria, N Republic of Congo, Rwanda, S Sudan, and Uganda; not reliably recorded from Tanzania (Grimshaw, 1998; Kock and Howell, 2000).	IUCN  Vulnerable as H. m. ivoriensis, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	See Thomas (1904a) for designation of the type specimen. Hylochoerus schulzi Zukowsky, 1921 is a synonym of Potamochoerus larvatus hassama (Grimshaw, 1998; Kock and Howell, 2000). Synonymy otherwise follows Grubb (1993).	Giant Forest Hog
14200015	Hylochoerus meinertzhageni subsp. meinertzhageni	Thomas 1904	SUBSPECIES		meinertzhageni	meinertzhageni		Hylochoerus	Suidae	Artiodactyla	Nature vol.70 p.577						
14200017	Hylochoerus meinertzhageni subsp. ivoriensis	Bouet and Neuville 1930	SUBSPECIES		ivoriensis	meinertzhageni		Hylochoerus	Suidae	Artiodactyla							
14200029	Potamochoerus larvatus subsp. larvatus	F. Cuvier 1822	SUBSPECIES		larvatus	larvatus		Potamochoerus	Suidae	Artiodactyla	Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.8 p.447						
14200030	Potamochoerus larvatus subsp. edwardsi	A. Grandidier 1867	SUBSPECIES		edwardsi	larvatus		Potamochoerus	Suidae	Artiodactyla							
14200018	Phacochoerus	F. Cuvier 1826	GENUS					Phacochoerus	Suidae	Artiodactyla	Dict. Sci. Nat. vol.39 p.383	Aper aethiopicus Pallas, 1766.	Aper  Pallas, 1766 [suppressed]; Dinochoerus Gloger, 1841 [suppressed]; Eureodon G. Fischer von Waldheim, 1817 [suppressed]; Macrocephalus Frisch, 1775 (unavailable); Macrocephalus Palmer, 1904 [suppressed]; Phacellochaerus Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1832; Phacellochoerus Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1832; Phacochaeres Gray, 1821 [suppressed]; Phacocherus Fleming, 1822 [suppressed]; Phacochoerus G. Cuvier, 1816 (unavailable); Phascochaeres Cretzschmar, 1828 [suppressed]; Phascochaerus Desmarest, 1822 [suppressed]; Phascochoeres Ranzani, 1821 [suppressed]; Phascochoerus Ranzani, 1821 [suppressed].			Senior synonyms of Phacochoerus F. Cuvier, 1826 and most junior synonyms have been supressed by Opinion 466 (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1957g), which, together with Morrison-Scott (1955) should be consulted for dates and authors cited here. Parapatric distribution of species of Phacochoerus in the Horn of Africa reviewed by d'Huart and Grubb (2001); genetic divergence in these species described by Randi et al. (2002).	
14200019	Phacochoerus aethiopicus	Pallas 1766	SPECIES			aethiopicus		Phacochoerus	Suidae	Artiodactyla	Misc. Zool. p.16		angalla (Boddaert, 1785); edentatus I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1828; pallasii Van der Hoeven, 1839; typicus (A. Smith, 1834); delamerei Lönnberg, 1909.	Formerly in Cape Provinces, South Africa (extinct since ca. 1870 - 1890); NE Africa in E Ethiopia, N Kenya, and Somalia (Grubb, 1993; d'Huart and Grubb, 2001).	IUCN  Extinct as P. a. aethiopicus, Vulnerable as P. a. delamerei, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	For distinctions from P. africanus, see Ewer (1957) and Grubb (1993).	Desert Warthog
14200020	Phacochoerus aethiopicus subsp. aethiopicus	Pallas 1766	SUBSPECIES		aethiopicus	aethiopicus		Phacochoerus	Suidae	Artiodactyla	Misc. Zool. p.16						
14200021	Phacochoerus aethiopicus subsp. delamerei	Lönnberg 1909	SUBSPECIES		delamerei	aethiopicus		Phacochoerus	Suidae	Artiodactyla							
14200037	Sus ahoenobarbus	Huet 1888	SPECIES			ahoenobarbus		Sus	Suidae	Artiodactyla	Naturaliste, ser. 2 vol.2 p.5		balabacensis Forsyth Major, 1897; calamianensis Heude, 1892; palavensis Nehring, 1889.	Philippines (Palawan Isl, Balabac Isl, and Calamian Isls).	IUCN  Vulnerable as S. barbatus ahoenobarbis.	A separate species from S. barbatus according to Groves (2001b).	Palawan Pig
14200022	Phacochoerus africanus	Gmelin 1788	SPECIES			africanus		Phacochoerus	Suidae	Artiodactyla	In Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 13th ed. vol.1 p.220		barbatus Gloger, 1841; incisivus I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1828; aeliani (Cretzschmar, 1828); barkeri W. Rothschild, 1920; haroia (Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1832); sclateri Gray, 1870; massaicus Lönnberg, 1908; bufo Heller, 1914; centralis Lönnberg, 1917; fossor Schwarz, 1913; sundevallii Lönnberg, 1908; shortridgei St Leger, 1932.	Outside rainforest zone of Africa in Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Côte dIvoire, Dem. Rep. Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Nambia, Niger, Nigeria, Republic of Congo, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, N Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.	IUCN  Endangered as P. a. aeliani, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	Specifically distinct from P. aethiopicus (Cooke and Wilkinson, 1978; Ewer, 1957; Grubb, 1993). Synonymy tentative, based on Grubb (1993).	Common Wart-hog
14200023	Phacochoerus africanus subsp. africanus	Gmelin 1788	SUBSPECIES		africanus	africanus		Phacochoerus	Suidae	Artiodactyla	In Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 13th ed. vol.1 p.220						
14200024	Phacochoerus africanus subsp. aeliani	Cretzschmar 1828	SUBSPECIES		aeliani	africanus		Phacochoerus	Suidae	Artiodactyla							
14200025	Phacochoerus africanus subsp. massaicus	Lönnberg 1908	SUBSPECIES		massaicus	africanus		Phacochoerus	Suidae	Artiodactyla							
14200026	Phacochoerus africanus subsp. sundevallii	Lönnberg 1908	SUBSPECIES		sundevallii	africanus		Phacochoerus	Suidae	Artiodactyla							
14200027	Potamochoerus	Gray 1852 "1854"	GENUS					Potamochoerus	Suidae	Artiodactyla	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1852 p.129	Choiropotamus pictus Gray, 1852 (= Sus porcus Linnaeus, 1758).	Choiropotamus Gray, 1843 (nomen oblitum); Koiropotamus Gray, 1843 (nomen nudum); Nyctochoerus Heuglin, 1863.			Revised by de Beaux (1924).	
14200099	Tayassu pecari subsp. spiradens	Goldman 1912	SUBSPECIES		spiradens	pecari		Tayassu	Tayassuidae	Artiodactyla							
14200113	Camelus bactrianus subsp. bactrianus	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		bactrianus	bactrianus		Camelus	Camelidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.65						
14200028	Potamochoerus larvatus	F. Cuvier 1822	SPECIES			larvatus		Potamochoerus	Suidae	Artiodactyla	Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.8 p.447		edwardsi A. Grandidier, 1867; hova Lönnberg, 1910; madagascariensis (A. Grandidier, 1867); hassama (Heuglin, 1863); arrhenii Lönnberg, 1917; daemonis Forsyth Major, 1897; intermedius Lönnberg, 1910; keniae Lönnberg, 1912; schulzi (Zukowsky, 1921); koiropotamus (Desmoulins, 1831); africanus (von Schreber, 1791) [preoccupied]; capensis (Gray, 1847) [nomen nudum]; choeropotamus Forsyth Major, 1897; nyasae Forsyth Major, 1897; congicus Lönnberg, 1910; cottoni Pinfold, 1928; johnstoni Forsyth Major, 1897; maschona Lönnberg, 1910; somaliensis De Beaux, 1924.	Angola, N Botswana, Burundi, N Eritrea, Ethiopia, E and S Dem. Rep. Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Rwanda, S Somalia, NE and S South Africa, S Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe; Madagascar and Comoro Isls (introduced?).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Specifically distinct from P. porcus (de Beaux 1924; Grubb 1993). Syntypes from "Madagascar" and "Sitsikamma" (South Africa, Eastern Cape Prov., Humansdorp dist., Tsitsikamma); lectotype here designated as the skull from Madagascar illustrated in the original description. Synonymy modified from Grubb (1993). Evidence of domestication of species of Potamochoerus and transportation of P. porcus to Brazil (Simoons, 1953) suggest that P. larvatus could have been transported to Madagascar by humans.	Bush-pig
14200032	Potamochoerus larvatus subsp. koiropotamus	Desmoulins 1831	SUBSPECIES		koiropotamus	larvatus		Potamochoerus	Suidae	Artiodactyla							
14200033	Potamochoerus larvatus subsp. nyasae	Forsyth Major 1897	SUBSPECIES		nyasae	larvatus		Potamochoerus	Suidae	Artiodactyla							
14200034	Potamochoerus larvatus subsp. somaliensis	De Beaux 1924	SUBSPECIES		somaliensis	larvatus		Potamochoerus	Suidae	Artiodactyla							
14200035	Potamochoerus porcus	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			porcus		Potamochoerus	Suidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.50		albifrons Du Chaillu, 1860; albinuchalis Lönnberg, 1919; guineensis (Pallas, 1766); mawambicus Lorenz, 1923; penicillatus (Schinz, 1848); pictus (Gray, 1852); ubangensis Lönnberg, 1910.	Rainforest zone of Africa from Benin, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Côte dIvoire, Dem. Rep. Congo, Equatorial Guinea (Mbini), Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Liberia, Nigeria, Republic of Congo, Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Togo; no reliable record from Gambia (Grubb et al., 1998) or Sudan (Grubb, 1993).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	A monotypic species (Grubb, 1993).	Red River Hog
14200036	Sus	Linnaeus 1758	GENUS					Sus	Suidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.49	Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758.	Annamisus  Heude, 1892 [nomen nudum]; Aulacochoerus Gray, 1873; Capriscus Gloger, 1841; Caprisculus Strand, 1928; Centuriosus Gray, 1862; Dasychoerus Gray, 1873; Euhys Gray, 1869; Eusus Gray, 1868; Gyrosus Gray, 1862; Indisus Heude, 1899; Microsus Heude, 1899; Nesosus Heude, 1892; Porcula Hodgson, 1847; Porculia Jerdon, 1874; Porcus S.D.W., 1836; Ptychochoerus Fitzinger, 1864; Rhinosus Heude, 1894; Scrofa Gray, 1868; Sinisus Heude, 1892; Taenisus Heude, 1899; Verrusus Heude, 1894; Vittatus Heude, 1899 [nomen nudum].			Revised by Groves (1981a). Can be partitioned into S. barbatus or Euhys group (possibly parapatric; including also S. bucculentus, S. cebifrons, S. celebensis, S. philippensis, and S. verrucosus), and S. scrofa or nominate Sus group (including also S. salvanius).	
14200121	Vicugna	Lesson 1842	GENUS					Vicugna	Camelidae	Artiodactyla	Nouv. Tabl. Regn. Anim. Mammifères p.167	Camelus vicugna Molina, 1782.					
14200038	Sus barbatus	Müller 1838	SPECIES			barbatus		Sus	Suidae	Artiodactyla	Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. Physiol. vol.5 p.149		gargantua Miller, 1906; longirostris Nehring, 1885; oi Miller, 1902; branti Kloss, 1921 [unavailable]; edmondi, 1902; sumatranus Kelm, 1939.	Brunei, Indonesia (Banka Isl, Kalimantan, Rhio Arch., Sumatra), Malaysia (Malay Peninsula, Sarawak).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt) as S. b. oi, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).		Bearded Pig
14200039	Sus barbatus subsp. barbatus	Müller 1838	SUBSPECIES		barbatus	barbatus		Sus	Suidae	Artiodactyla	Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. Physiol. vol.5 p.149						
14200040	Sus barbatus subsp. oi	Miller 1902	SUBSPECIES		oi	barbatus		Sus	Suidae	Artiodactyla							
14200041	Sus bucculentus	Heude 1892	SPECIES			bucculentus		Sus	Suidae	Artiodactyla	Mem. Hist. Nat. Emp. Chin. vol.2 p.pl. 20b, fig. 7			Vietnam, Laos.	IUCN  Data Deficient.	The species is more extensively described by Heude, Mem. Hist. Nat. Emp. Chin., 2:219, pl. 40 [1894]. Known from the lectotype and paralectotype skulls, now in the Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica, Beijing, and a third skull recently obtained from the Annamite Range, Laos (Braun et al., 2001; Groves and Schaller, 2000; Groves et al., 1997).	Heude's Pig
14200100	Hippopotamidae	Gray 1821	FAMILY						Hippopotamidae	Artiodactyla	London Med. Repos. vol.15 p.306		Choeropsinae Gill, 1872.			Hexaprotodonmadagascariensis (Guldberg, 1883), Hippopotamus lemerlei Grandidier, 1868, and H. laloumena Faure and Guerin, 1990 were present in the Holocene on Madagascar (Stuenes, 1989), but have not been shown to have survived into the last 500 years.	
14200042	Sus cebifrons	Heude 1888	SPECIES			cebifrons		Sus	Suidae	Artiodactyla	Mem. Hist. Nat. Emp. Chin. vol.2 p.pl. 17, fig. 5		negrinus  Sanborn, 1952.	Philippines (Cebu, Negros, Panay and probably Masbate Isls).	IUCN  Extinct as S. c. cebifrons, otherwise Critically Endangered.	The species is more extensively described by Heude, Mem. Hist. Nat. Emp. Chin., 2,pl. 28 [1892], 2:218 [1894]. Specifically distinct from S. barbatus and S. philippensis (Groves and Grubb, 1993; Sanborn, 1952a). Revised by Groves (1997a).	Visayan Warty Pig
14200043	Sus cebifrons subsp. cebifrons	Heude 1888	SUBSPECIES		cebifrons	cebifrons		Sus	Suidae	Artiodactyla	Mem. Hist. Nat. Emp. Chin. vol.2 p.pl. 17, fig. 5						
14200044	Sus cebifrons subsp. negrinus	Sanborn 1952	SUBSPECIES		negrinus	cebifrons		Sus	Suidae	Artiodactyla							
14200062	Sus scrofa subsp. majori	De Beaux and Festa 1927	SUBSPECIES		majori	scrofa		Sus	Suidae	Artiodactyla							
14200063	Sus scrofa subsp. meridionalis	Forsyth Major 1882	SUBSPECIES		meridionalis	scrofa		Sus	Suidae	Artiodactyla							
14200064	Sus scrofa subsp. moupinensis	Milne-Edwards 1871	SUBSPECIES		moupinensis	scrofa		Sus	Suidae	Artiodactyla							
14200065	Sus scrofa subsp. nigripes	Blanford 1875	SUBSPECIES		nigripes	scrofa		Sus	Suidae	Artiodactyla							
14200066	Sus scrofa subsp. riukiuanus	Kuroda 1924	SUBSPECIES		riukiuanus	scrofa		Sus	Suidae	Artiodactyla							
14200045	Sus celebensis	Müller and Schlegel 1843	SPECIES			celebensis		Sus	Suidae	Artiodactyla	In Temminck, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Nederland. Overz. Bezitt., Zool. p.pp. 172, 177 [1845]; pl. 28 bis [1843]		amboinensis Forsyth Major, 1897; macassaricus (Heude, 1898); maritanus Raven, 1935 [nomen nudum]; maritimus (Heude, 1898); mimus Miller, 1906; nehringii Jentink, 1905; niadensis Miller, 1906 [nomen dubium]; weberi Jentink, 1905; floresianus (Heude, 1899); heureni Hardjasasmita, 1987; heurni Corbet and Hill, 1992; timoriensis Müller, 1840.	Indonesia (Sulawesi and neighboring small islands; feral on Halmahera and Simaleue Isls; possibly feral on Flores Isl as floresianus (= heureni) and on Timor Isl as timoriensis).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	comments: Although this species is sometimes cited from "Müller, 1840. In Temminck, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Nederland. Overz. Bezitt., Zool., Zoogd. Indisch. Archipel., p. 42", it is not found on that page. A species distinct from S. verrucosus (Groves, 1981a). Sus timoriensis is a feral population of S. celebensis according to Groves (1981a), but a valid species according to Hardjasasmita (1987) and a synonym of S. scrofa according to Corbet and Hill (1992). Groves (1981a) regarded warty pigs from Flores as a feral population of S. celebensis but Hardjasasmita (1987) assigned them to a separate species, Sus heureni which was included with a query in the synonymy of S. celebensis by Corbet and Hill (1992). A prior name for S. heureni is Microsus floresianus Heude, 1899. Both floresianus and timoriensis are provisionally ranked here as subspecies.	Celebes Warty Pig
14200046	Sus celebensis subsp. celebensis	Müller and Schlegel 1843	SUBSPECIES		celebensis	celebensis		Sus	Suidae	Artiodactyla	In Temminck, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Nederland. Overz. Bezitt., Zool. p.pp. 172, 177 [1845]; pl. 28 bis [1843]						
14200047	Sus celebensis subsp. floresianus	Heude 1899	SUBSPECIES		floresianus	celebensis		Sus	Suidae	Artiodactyla							
14200048	Sus celebensis subsp. timoriensis	Müller 1840	SUBSPECIES		timoriensis	celebensis		Sus	Suidae	Artiodactyla							
14200049	Sus oliveri	Groves 1997	SPECIES			oliveri		Sus	Suidae	Artiodactyla	Zool. J. Linn. Soc. vol.170 p.186			Philippines, Mindoro.		A separate species from S. philippensis according to Groves (2001b), known from four skulls and a head skin.	Oliver's Warty Pig
14200280	Odocoileus virginianus subsp. acapulcensis	Caton 1877	SUBSPECIES		acapulcensis	virginianus		Odocoileus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200050	Sus philippensis	Nehring 1886	SPECIES			philippensis		Sus	Suidae	Artiodactyla	Sber. Ges. Naturf. Fr., Berlin vol.1886 p.83		arietinus Heude, 1892; conchyvorus Heude, 1888; crassidens Heude, 1892; effrenus Heude, 1888; frenatus Heude, 1888; jalaensis Heude, 1888; joloensis Groves, 1981; mainitensis Heude, 1892; marchei Huet, 1888; megalodontus Heude, 1892; microtis Heude, 1888; minutus Heude, 1888; mindanensis Forsyth Major, 1897; inconstans Heude 1892.	Philippines (Luzon, Mainit, Mindanao, Jolo, Catanduanis and Samar Isls and probably Balabac and Leyte Isls).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Regarded as a species distinct from S. barbatus (Groves and Grubb, 1993); revised by Groves (1997a); an undescribed subspecies or related species recorded from Tawitawi Isls, Sulu Archipelago (Karen Rose, pers. comm.).	Philippine Warty Pig
14200051	Sus philippensis subsp. philippensis	Nehring 1886	SUBSPECIES		philippensis	philippensis		Sus	Suidae	Artiodactyla	Sber. Ges. Naturf. Fr., Berlin vol.1886 p.83						
14200052	Sus philippensis subsp. mindanensis	Forsyth Major 1897	SUBSPECIES		mindanensis	philippensis		Sus	Suidae	Artiodactyla							
14200053	Sus salvanius	Hodgson 1847	SPECIES			salvanius		Sus	Suidae	Artiodactyla	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.16 p.423			Bhutan, S Nepal, N India (incl. Sikkim).	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Critically Endangered.		Pygmy Hog
14200114	Camelus bactrianus subsp. ferus	Przewalski 1878	SUBSPECIES		ferus	bactrianus		Camelus	Camelidae	Artiodactyla						See comments under species.	
14200054	Sus scrofa	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			scrofa		Sus	Suidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.49		anglicus Reichenbach, 1846; aper Erxleben, 1777; asiaticus Sanson, 1878; bavaricus Reichenbach, 1846; campanogallicus Reichenbach, 1846; capensis Reichenbach, 1846; castilianus Thomas, 1911; celticus Sanson, 1878; chinensis Linnaeus, 1758; crispus Fitzinger, 1858; deliciosus Reichenbach, 1846; domesticus Erxleben, 1777; europaeus Pallas, 1811; fasciatus von Schreber, 1790; ferox Moore, 1870; ferus Gmelin, 1788; gambianus Gray, 1847 [nomen nudum]; hispidus von Schreber, 1790; hungaricus Reichenbach, 1846; ibericus Sanson, 1878; italicus Reichenbach, 1846; juticus Fitzinger, 1858; lusitanicus Reichenbach, 1846; macrotis Fitzinger, 1858; monungulus G. Fischer [von Waldheim], 1814; moravicus Reichenbach, 1846; nanus Nehring, 1884; palustris Rütimeyer, 1862; pliciceps Gray, 1862; polonicus Reichenbach, 1846; sardous Reichenbach, 1846; scropha Gray, 1827; sennaarensis Fitzinger, 1858 [nomen nudum]; sennaarensis Gray, 1868; sennaariensis Fitzinger, 1860; setosus Boddaert, 1785; siamensis von Schreber, 1790; sinensis Erxleben, 1777; suevicus Reichenbach, 1846; syrmiensis Reichenbach, 1846; turcicus Reichenbach, 1846; variegatus Reichenbach, 1846; vulgaris (S. D. W., 1836); wittei Reichenbach, 1846; algira Loche, 1867; barbarus Sclater, 1860 [nomen nudum]; sahariensis Heim de Balzac, 1937; attila Thomas, 1912; falzfeini Matschie, 1918; cristatus Wagner, 1839; affinis Gray, 1847 [nomen nudum]; aipomus Gray, 1868; aipomus Hodgson, 1842 [nomen nudum]; bengalensis Blyth, 1860; indicus Gray, 1843 [nomen nudum]; isonotus Gray, 1868; isonotus Hodgson, 1842 [nomen nudum]; jubatus Miller, 1906; typicus Lydekker, 1900; zeylonensis Blyth, 1851; davidi Groves, 1981; leucomystax Temminck, 1842; japonica Nehring, 1885; nipponicus Heude, 1899; libycus Gray, 1868; lybicus Groves, 1981; mediterraneus Ulmansky, 1911; reiseri Bolkay, 1925; majori De Beaux and Festa, 1927; meridionalis Forsyth Major, 1882; baeticus Thomas, 1912; sardous Ströbel, 1882; moupinensis Milne-Edwards, 1871; acrocranius Heude, 1892; chirodontus Heude, 1888; chirodonticus Heude, 1899; collinus Heude, 1892; curtidens Heude, 1892; dicrurus Heude, 1888; flavescens Heude, 1899; frontosus Heude, 1892; laticeps Heude, 1892; leucorhinus Heude, 1888; melas Heude, 1892; microdontus Heude, 1892; oxyodontus Heude, 1888; paludosus Heude, 1892; palustris Heude, 1888; planiceps Heude, 1892; scrofoides Heude, 1892; spatharius Heude, 1892; taininensis Heude, 1888; nigripes Blanford, 1875; riukiuanus Kuroda, 1924; sibiricus Staffe, 1922; raddeanus Adlerberg, 1930; taivanus (Swinhoe, 1863); ussuricus Heude, 1888; canescens Heude, 1888; continentalis Nehring, 1889; coreanus Heude, 1897; gigas Heude, 1892; mandchuricus Heude, 1897; songaricus Heude, 1897; vittatus Boie, 1828; andersoni Thomas and Wroughton, 1909; jubatulus Miller, 1906; milleri Jentink, 1905; pallidiloris Mees, 1957; peninsularis Miller, 1906; rhionis Miller, 1906; typicus Heude, 1899; <u>names based on domestic or feral populations possibly to be assigned to S. s. vittatus</u>: andamanensis Blyth, 1858; babi Miller, 1906; enganus Lyon, 1916; floresianus Jentink, 1905; natunensis Miller, 1901; nicobaricus Miller, 1902; tuancus Lyon, 1916; names based on populations possibly originating from scrofa/celebensis hybrids (Groves, 1981a): aruensis Rosenberg, 1878; ceramensis Rosenberg, 1878; goramensis De Beaux, 1924; niger Finsch, 1886; papuensis Lesson and Garnot, 1826; ternatensis Rolleston, 1877.	N Africa in Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia; anciently introduced into Egypt and N Sudan where now absent. All states of mainland Europe east to Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, W Russia (European Russia and Caucasus Mtns), and Ukraine; extinct in Ireland, Scandinavia, and United Kingdom but reintroduced into England, S Finland, and S Sweden; anciently introduced into Corsica and Sardinia. In Asia present in Burma, Cambodia, China (but absent from Tibetan Plateau, Singkiang, Gansu, Inner Mongolia, and Ordos Plateau), India, Indonesia (Sumatra, Java east to Bali and Sumbawa Isls), Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan (including Riukiu Isls), W Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Laos, Malaysia (peninsular Malaya only), Mongolia, Pakistan, Russia (S Siberia and Soviet Far East), Sri Lanka, Syria, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Vietnam. Widespread as feral populations in South Africa, Indonesia (Lesser Sunda Isls), Australia, USA, West Indies, Central and South America and numerous oceanic islands, including Andaman Isls and Mauritius (Indian Ocean) and Hawaiian, Galapagos and Fiji Isls (Pacific Ocean). Feral and domestic populations of Molucca Isls, New Guinea and Solomon Isls thought to originate from hybrids between scrofa and celebensis.	IUCN  Vulnerable as S. s. riukiuanus, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	Revised by Genov (1999) and Groves (1981a, 2003). Treatment of majori as a subspecies follows Randi et al. (1996). The species can be partitioned into the following divisions (Genov, 1999; Groves and Grubb 1993): cristatus division (including also davidi), leucomystax division (including also moupinensis, riukiuanus, sibiricus, taivanus, and ussuricus), nominate scrofa division (including also algira, attila, libycus, majori, meridionalis, and nigripes), and vittatus division. For systematics, origin, and distribution of feral populations see Groves (1981a), Lever (1985), Uerpmann (1987), and Vigne (1988). Hardjasasmita (1987) recognised floresianus, milleri and papuensis as subspecies, but Sus scrofa floresianus Jentink, 1905 is a junior secondary homonym of Microsus floresianus Heude, 1899, a subspecies of Sus celebensis. Corbet and Hill (1992) l... [truncated]	Wild Boar
14200055	Sus scrofa subsp. scrofa	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		scrofa	scrofa		Sus	Suidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.49						
14200056	Sus scrofa subsp. algira	Loche 1867	SUBSPECIES		algira	scrofa		Sus	Suidae	Artiodactyla							
14200057	Sus scrofa subsp. attila	Thomas 1912	SUBSPECIES		attila	scrofa		Sus	Suidae	Artiodactyla							
14200058	Sus scrofa subsp. cristatus	Wagner 1839	SUBSPECIES		cristatus	scrofa		Sus	Suidae	Artiodactyla							
14200059	Sus scrofa subsp. davidi	Groves 1981	SUBSPECIES		davidi	scrofa		Sus	Suidae	Artiodactyla							
14200060	Sus scrofa subsp. leucomystax	Temminck 1842	SUBSPECIES		leucomystax	scrofa		Sus	Suidae	Artiodactyla							
14200061	Sus scrofa subsp. libycus	Gray 1868	SUBSPECIES		libycus	scrofa		Sus	Suidae	Artiodactyla							
14200067	Sus scrofa subsp. sibiricus	Staffe 1922	SUBSPECIES		sibiricus	scrofa		Sus	Suidae	Artiodactyla							
14200068	Sus scrofa subsp. taivanus	Swinhoe 1863	SUBSPECIES		taivanus	scrofa		Sus	Suidae	Artiodactyla							
14200069	Sus scrofa subsp. ussuricus	Heude 1888	SUBSPECIES		ussuricus	scrofa		Sus	Suidae	Artiodactyla							
14200070	Sus scrofa subsp. vittatus	Boie 1828	SUBSPECIES		vittatus	scrofa		Sus	Suidae	Artiodactyla							
14200071	Sus verrucosus	Boie 1832	SPECIES			verrucosus		Sus	Suidae	Artiodactyla	Neues Statsb. Mag. Schleswig vol.1 p.466		borneensis Forsyth Major, 1897; ceramica Gray, 1868; mystaceus Gray, 1873; olivieri Sody, 1941; blouchi Groves, 1981.	Indonesia (Java, Madoera Isl, Bawean Isl).	IUCN  Endangered.	This species is usually credited to Müller, 1840 in Temminck, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Nederland. Overz. Bezitt., Zool., Zoogd. Indisch. Archipel., p. 42, but an earlier citation is Temminck, 1836 in von Siebold, Temminck and Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, Coup d'Oeil Faune Iles Sonde Emp. Japan, pp. viii, and Corbet and Hill (1992) noted the still earlier designation cited above. It was further described by Müller and Schlegel, in Temminck, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Nederland. Overz. Bezitt., Zool., Mammalia, p. 172 (and also on p. 175, but not p. 107 as widely cited)[1845], pl. 28[1843]. Synonyms apparently from Borneo and Seram were based on wrongly located specimens (Groves, 1981a).	Java Warty Pig
14200072	Sus verrucosus subsp. verrucosus	Boie 1832	SUBSPECIES		verrucosus	verrucosus		Sus	Suidae	Artiodactyla	Neues Statsb. Mag. Schleswig vol.1 p.466						
14200073	Sus verrucosus subsp. blouchi	Groves 1981	SUBSPECIES		blouchi	verrucosus		Sus	Suidae	Artiodactyla							
14200074	Tayassuidae	Palmer 1897	FAMILY						Tayassuidae	Artiodactyla	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.11 p.174		Dicotylidae Turner, 1849.			Dicotylidae does not have priority over Tayassuidae (Article 40.2, International Code of Zoological Nomenclature; International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1999). G. M. Roosmalen (in litt.) is preparing to name a fourth species of peccary from the Amazon basin.	
14200076	Catagonus wagneri	Rusconi 1930	SPECIES			wagneri		Catagonus	Tayassuidae	Artiodactyla	An. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Bernardino Rivadavia vol.36 p.231			Gran Chaco of Argentina, Bolivia, and Paraguay.	CITES  Appendix I; IUCN  Endangered.	Originally described from pre-Hispanic and subfossil remains; subsequently discovered alive (Wetzel et al., 1975; Wetzel, 1977, 1981). Reviewed by Mayer and Wetzel (1986, Mammalian Species, 259).	Chacoan Peccary
14200077	Pecari	Reichenbach 1835	GENUS					Pecari	Tayassuidae	Artiodactyla	Bildergalerie der Thierwelt vol.part 6 p.1	Dicotyles torquatus Cuvier, 1816 (= Sus tajacu Linnaeus, 1758).	Adenonotus Brookes, 1827 [nomen oblitum]; Notophorus G. Fischer [von Waldheim], 1817 [nomen oblitum]; Notophorous Wooodburne, 1968; Tagassu von Frisch, 1775 [unavailable].			The Collared Peccary should be assigned to a separate genus from the White-lipped species according to Woodburne (1968), Husson (1978:347-348), and Wright (1989). Use of appropriate generic names for these taxa is controversial. Genotypes of Tayassu and Dicotyles by subsequent designation are White-lipped Peccaries (Miller and Rehn, 1901:12; Miller, 1912b:384). Notophorus and Adenonotus are obscure names now categorized as nomina oblita (Article 23.9, International Code of Zoological Nomenclature; International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1999), so the valid generic name for Collared Peccaries is Pecari, with type by monotypy Dicotyles torquatus.	
14200133	Tragulus kanchil subsp. affinis	Gray 1861	SUBSPECIES		affinis	kanchil		Tragulus	Tragulidae	Artiodactyla							
14200078	Pecari tajacu	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			tajacu		Pecari	Tayassuidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.50		caitetu Liais, 1872; tajassu (Erxleben, 1777); angulatus (Cope, 1889); bangsi Goldman, 1917; modestus Cabrera, 1917; crassus (Merriam, 1901); crusnigrum (Bangs, 1902); humeralis (Merriam, 1901); nanus (Merriam, 1901); nelsoni Goldman, 1926; niger (J. A. Allen, 1913); nigrescens Goldman, 1926; patira (Kerr, 1792); macrocephalus Anthony, 1921; minor (Kerr, 1792); torquatus (G. Cuvier, 1816); sonoriensis (Mearns, 1897); torvus (Bangs, 1898); yucatanensis (Merriam, 1901).	USA (mainly in Arizona and Texas), Mexico (outside the Sierra Madre), and all other Central American states; South America in N Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Surinam, Trinidad, and Venezuela. Introduced to Cuba.	CITES  Appendix II (populations in the USA and Mexico not covered by CITES); IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Collared Peccary
14200079	Pecari tajacu subsp. tajacu	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		tajacu	tajacu		Pecari	Tayassuidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.50						
14200080	Pecari tajacu subsp. angulatus	Cope 1889	SUBSPECIES		angulatus	tajacu		Pecari	Tayassuidae	Artiodactyla							
14200081	Pecari tajacu subsp. bangsi	Goldman 1917	SUBSPECIES		bangsi	tajacu		Pecari	Tayassuidae	Artiodactyla							
14200082	Pecari tajacu subsp. crassus	Merriam 1901	SUBSPECIES		crassus	tajacu		Pecari	Tayassuidae	Artiodactyla							
14200083	Pecari tajacu subsp. crusnigrum	Bangs 1902	SUBSPECIES		crusnigrum	tajacu		Pecari	Tayassuidae	Artiodactyla							
14200084	Pecari tajacu subsp. humeralis	Merriam 1901	SUBSPECIES		humeralis	tajacu		Pecari	Tayassuidae	Artiodactyla							
14200085	Pecari tajacu subsp. nanus	Merriam 1901	SUBSPECIES		nanus	tajacu		Pecari	Tayassuidae	Artiodactyla							
14200086	Pecari tajacu subsp. nelsoni	Goldman 1926	SUBSPECIES		nelsoni	tajacu		Pecari	Tayassuidae	Artiodactyla							
14200087	Pecari tajacu subsp. niger	J. A. Allen 1913	SUBSPECIES		niger	tajacu		Pecari	Tayassuidae	Artiodactyla							
14200088	Pecari tajacu subsp. nigrescens	Goldman 1926	SUBSPECIES		nigrescens	tajacu		Pecari	Tayassuidae	Artiodactyla							
14200090	Pecari tajacu subsp. sonoriensis	Mearns 1897	SUBSPECIES		sonoriensis	tajacu		Pecari	Tayassuidae	Artiodactyla							
14200091	Pecari tajacu subsp. torvus	Bangs 1898	SUBSPECIES		torvus	tajacu		Pecari	Tayassuidae	Artiodactyla							
14200092	Pecari tajacu subsp. yucatanensis	Merriam 1901	SUBSPECIES		yucatanensis	tajacu		Pecari	Tayassuidae	Artiodactyla							
14200093	Tayassu	G. Fischer [von Waldheim] 1814	GENUS					Tayassu	Tayassuidae	Artiodactyla	Zoognosia vol.3 p.284	Tayassu pecari G. Fischer [von Waldheim], 1814 (= Sus pecari Link, 1795).	Dicotyles G. Cuvier, 1817; Olidosus Merriam, 1901.			By subsequent designation of Miller and Rehn (1901:12), the type of Tayassu is T. pecari G. Fischer [von Waldheim], 1814 (= Sus pecari Link, 1795). By subsequent designation of Miller (1912b:384), the type of Dicotyles is D. labiatus G. Cuvier. Sus pecari and Dicotyles labiatus are synonyms of Tayassu pecari (Hershkovitz, 1963). Therefore, Dicotyles is a synonym of Tayassu. Husson (1978:347-348) and Woodburne (1968) held contrary views.	
14200245	Mazama bricenii	Thomas 1908	SPECIES			bricenii		Mazama	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.1 p.349			W Venezuela.		A species distinct from M. rufina according to Czernay (1987).	Mérida Brocket
14200281	Odocoileus virginianus subsp. borealis	Miller 1900	SUBSPECIES		borealis	virginianus		Odocoileus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200094	Tayassu pecari	Link 1795	SPECIES			pecari		Tayassu	Tayassuidae	Artiodactyla	Beitr. Naturgesch. vol.2 p.104		beebei Anthony, 1921; aequatoris (Lönnberg, 1921); equatorius Rusconi, 1929; albirostris (Illiger, 1815); labiatus (Cuvier, 1817); ringens Merriam, 1901; spiradens Goldman, 1912.	Mexico (E from Oaxaca and Veracruz) and all other Central American states; South America in N Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, W Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Surinam, and Venezuela. Introduced to Cuba.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes albirostris; see Husson (1978:353). Reviewed by Mayer and Wetzel (1987, Mammalian Species, 293).	White-lipped Peccary
14200095	Tayassu pecari subsp. pecari	Link 1795	SUBSPECIES		pecari	pecari		Tayassu	Tayassuidae	Artiodactyla	Beitr. Naturgesch. vol.2 p.104						
14200096	Tayassu pecari subsp. aequatoris	Lönnberg 1921	SUBSPECIES		aequatoris	pecari		Tayassu	Tayassuidae	Artiodactyla							
14200097	Tayassu pecari subsp. albirostris	Illiger 1815	SUBSPECIES		albirostris	pecari		Tayassu	Tayassuidae	Artiodactyla							
14200098	Tayassu pecari subsp. ringens	Merriam 1901	SUBSPECIES		ringens	pecari		Tayassu	Tayassuidae	Artiodactyla							
14200101	Hexaprotodon	Falconer and Cautley 1836	GENUS					Hexaprotodon	Hippopotamidae	Artiodactyla	Asia. Res. Calcutta vol.19 p.51	Hippopotamus sivalensis Falconer and Cautley, 1836 (extinct fossil Asiatic species).	Choerodes  Leidy, 1852; Choeropsis Leidy, 1853; Diprotodon Duvernoy, 1849.			Includes Choeropsis Leidy, 1853, following Coryndon (1977).	
14200102	Hexaprotodon liberiensis	Morton 1849	SPECIES			liberiensis		Hexaprotodon	Hippopotamidae	Artiodactyla	J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., ser. 2 vol.1 p.232		minor (Morton, 1844) [preoccupied]; heslopi (Corbet, 1969).	Sierra Leone to Côte dIvoire; SC Nigeria (extinct?).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Critically Endangered D1 as H. l. heslopi, otherwise Vulnerable.	First described as Hippopotamus minor Morton, 1844 (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 2:14).	Pygmy Hippopotamus
14200103	Hexaprotodon liberiensis subsp. liberiensis	Morton 1849	SUBSPECIES		liberiensis	liberiensis		Hexaprotodon	Hippopotamidae	Artiodactyla	J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., ser. 2 vol.1 p.232						
14200104	Hexaprotodon liberiensis subsp. heslopi	Corbet 1969	SUBSPECIES		heslopi	liberiensis		Hexaprotodon	Hippopotamidae	Artiodactyla							
14200105	Hippopotamus	Linnaeus 1758	GENUS					Hippopotamus	Hippopotamidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.74	Hippopotamus amphibius Linnaeus, 1758.	Hippopothamus Boddaert, 1785; Tetraprotodon Falconer and Cautley, 1836.				
14200148	Tragulus kanchil subsp. masae	Lyon 1916	SUBSPECIES		masae	kanchil		Tragulus	Tragulidae	Artiodactyla							
14200106	Hippopotamus amphibius	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			amphibius		Hippopotamus	Hippopotamidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.74		abyssinicus  Lesson, 1842; africanus Lacépède, 1799; senegalensis Desmoulins, 1826; tschadensis Schwarz, 1914; typus Duvernoy, 1846; capensis Desmoulins, 1825; australis Duvernoy, 1846; constrictor Zukowsky, 1924; constrictus Miller, 1910; kiboko Heller, 1914.	Rivers of savanna zone of Africa, and main rivers of forest zone in C Africa, in Angola, Benin, N Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, S Chad, Côte dIvoire, Dem. Rep. Congo, Egypt (extinct; formerly along Nile to its Delta), N Eritrea, Ethiopia, Equatorial Guinea (Mbini), Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Kenya, Liberia (only 2 records), Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Swaziland, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia (Caprivi Strip, Okavango River), Niger, Nigeria, Republic of Congo, Sierra Leone, South Africa (now only in N and E Limpopo Prov. and E Mpumalanga Prov., and N KwaZulu-Natal), Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Vulnerable as H. a. tschadensis, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).		Common Hippopotamus
14200107	Hippopotamus amphibius subsp. amphibius	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		amphibius	amphibius		Hippopotamus	Hippopotamidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.74						
14200108	Hippopotamus amphibius subsp. capensis	Desmoulins 1825	SUBSPECIES		capensis	amphibius		Hippopotamus	Hippopotamidae	Artiodactyla							
14200109	Hippopotamus amphibius subsp. kiboko	Heller 1914	SUBSPECIES		kiboko	amphibius		Hippopotamus	Hippopotamidae	Artiodactyla							
14200110	Camelidae	Gray 1821	FAMILY						Camelidae	Artiodactyla	London Med. Repos. vol.15 p.307		Aucheniini Bonaparte, 1845; Lamini Webb, 1965.			Extant camelids all belong to the Camelinae (McKenna and Bell, 1997). Includes as Tribes Camelini (including Camelus) and Aucheniini (including Lama). Lamini does not have priority over Aucheniini (Aucheniinae Bonaparte) (Article 40.2, International Code of Zoological Nomenclature; International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1999).	
14200111	Camelus	Linnaeus 1758	GENUS					Camelus	Camelidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.65	Camelus dromedarius Linnaeus, 1758, designated by Hay (1902). Has been widely cited as C. bactrianus (see Gentry et al., 1996) and hence a change in desigation was proposed by Erridge (1988), but has not been supported.	Camellus Molina, 1782; Dromedarius Gloger, 1841.			Essentially allopatric distribution of the domesticated populations of the two species may reflect adaptations to different habitats of ancestral wild populations.	
14200112	Camelus bactrianus	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			bactrianus		Camelus	Camelidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.65		bocharicus Kolenati, 1847; caucasicus Kolenati, 1847; orientalis J. Fischer, 1829 [nomen nudum]; tauricus J. Fischer, 1829 [nomen nudum]; ferus Przewalski, 1878; genuinus Kolenati, 1847 [nomen oblitum].	Exists in the wild in SW Mongolia and China (Gansu, Tsinghai, and Sinkiang); domesticated in Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan, north to Kazakhstan, Mongolia, and China.	U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Includes ferus Przewalski, based on wild specimen; bactrianus Linnaeus, 1758, has priority. Abramov (1996) showed that ferus dates from Przewalski, 1878, not 1883, and is preoccupied by Camelus dromedarius ferus Falk, 1786, which is probably a nomen oblitum. A. Gentry et al. (1996) proposed that majority usage should be confirmed by adoption of C. ferus as the name for the wild taxon of Bactrian camels. Though it has not been demonstrated that most authors term the wild Bactrian camel C. ferus rather than C. bactrianus (or C. b. ferus), they asked the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature to use its plenary powers to rule that the name for the wild species is not invalid by virtue of being antedated by the name based on the domestic form. A ruling has now been made in their favour (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 2003a), but it might still be valid for those who consider C. bactr... [truncated]	Bactrian Camel
14200115	Camelus dromedarius	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			dromedarius		Camelus	Camelidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.65		aegyptiacus  Kolenati, 1847; africanus (Gloger, 1841); arabicus Desmoulins, 1823; dromas Pallas, 1811; dromos Kerr, 1792; ferus Falk, 1786 [nomen oblitum]; lukius Kolenati, 1847; polytrichus Kolenati, 1847; turcomanicus J. Fischer, 1829 [nomen nudum]; vulgaris Kolenati, 1847.	Extinct in the wild; domesticated from wild populations which presumably had become restricted to the S Arabian Peninsula; domesticated in Senegal and Mauritania to Somalia and Kenya, throughout N Africa, the Middle East, Arabia, and Iran to NW India; feral populations in Australia.		Produces viable hybrids with bactrianus (see comments therein). Bohlken (1961) considered dromedarius a synonym of bactrianus. Reviewed by Köhler-Rollefson (1991, Mammalian Species, 375). Biology reviewed by Gauthier-Pilters and Innis Dagg (1981). For history of domestication, see R. T. Wilson (1984).	One-humped Camel
14200149	Tragulus kanchil subsp. mergatus	Thomas 1923	SUBSPECIES		mergatus	kanchil		Tragulus	Tragulidae	Artiodactyla							
14200150	Tragulus kanchil subsp. pallidus	Miller 1901	SUBSPECIES		pallidus	kanchil		Tragulus	Tragulidae	Artiodactyla							
14200151	Tragulus kanchil subsp. penangensis	Kloss 1918	SUBSPECIES		penangensis	kanchil		Tragulus	Tragulidae	Artiodactyla							
14200116	Lama	G. Cuvier 1800	GENUS					Lama	Camelidae	Artiodactyla	Leçons Anat. Comp. vol.I p.tab. 1	Camelus glama Linnaeus, 1758.	Aucheria F. Cuvier, 1830; Auchenia Illiger, 1811; Auchenias Wagner, 1843; Dromedarius Wagler, 1830; Guanaco Perry, 1811; Lacma Tiedemann, 1804; Lama Frisch, 1775 [unavailable]; Llacma Illiger, 1815; Llama Gray, 1852; Neoauchenia Ameghino, 1891; Pacos Gray, 1872; Vicunia Rafinesque, 1815.			Evolution of domesticated llama and alpaca from wild ancestors reviewed by Wheeler (1995) and Kadwell et al. (2001).	
14200117	Lama glama	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			glama		Lama	Camelidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.65		ameghiniana López Aranguren, 1930; araucana (Molina, 1782); arcucana (Kerr, 1792); arrucana (Link, 1795); castelnaudi (Gervais, 1855); chilihueque Boitard, 1845; cordubensis (Ameghino, 1889); domestica Fischer, 1829; ensenadensis (Ameghino, 1889); intermedia (Gervais, 1855); lama (Illiger, 1811); llama (Link, 1795); llacma (F. Cuvier, 1821); lujanensis (Ameghino, 1889); moromoro (Schinz, 1845); paco (Gmelin, 1788); pacos (Linnaeus, 1758); peruana (Tiedemann, 1804); peruviana Lesson, 1827; vulgaris Wagner, 1837; guanicoe (Müller, 1776); fera Gray, 1843; guanaco (Perry, 1811); guanacos (Schinz, 1845); guanacus Gray, 1852; huanaca (C. H. Smith, 1827); huanacha Elliot, 1907; huanachus Thomas, 1891; huanacos Sclater, 1891; huanacus (Molina, 1782); llama (Waterhouse, 1839); molinaei Boitard, 1845; voglii Krumbiegel, 1944; cacsilensis Lönnberg, 1913.	Cordilleras of the Andes, Patagonia, and Tierra del Fuego in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile (including Navarino Isl), NW Paraguay, and S Peru. Domesticated as the Llama in S Peru, W Bolivia, and NW Argentina.	CITES  Appendix II as Lama guanicoe; IUCN  Endangered as L. guanicoe huanacus, Vulnerable as L. g. voglii and L. g. cacsilensis, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	Haltenorth (1963) recognised four subspecies (cacsilensis, guanicoe, huanacus, voglii) but Wheeler (1995) regarded them as poorly defined and did not diagnose them; subspecies are those recognised by Cabrera (1961). The Guanaco has previously been included with the Llama, L. glama, of which it is understood to be the wild ancestor (Hemmer, 1990; Kadwell et al., 2001; Lydekker, 1915). Gentry et al. (1996) proposed that majority usage be confirmed by adoption of Lama guanicoe as the name for the wild Guanaco and asked the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature to use its plenary powers to rule that the name for this wild species is not invalid by virtue of being antedated by the name based on the domestic form. A ruling has now been made in their favour (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 2003a). It might still be valid for those who consider L. glama and L. guanicoe to be conspecific to employ the senior name for t... [truncated]	Guanaco
14200118	Lama glama subsp. glama	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		glama	glama		Lama	Camelidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.65						
14200119	Lama glama subsp. cacsilensis	Lönnberg 1913	SUBSPECIES		cacsilensis	glama		Lama	Camelidae	Artiodactyla							
14200120	Lama glama subsp. guanicoe	Müller 1776	SUBSPECIES		guanicoe	glama		Lama	Camelidae	Artiodactyla							
14200122	Vicugna vicugna	Molina 1782	SPECIES			vicugna		Vicugna	Camelidae	Artiodactyla	Sagg. Stor. Nat. Chile p.313		elfridae  (Krumbiegel, 1949); frontosa (H. Gervais and Ameghino, 1880); gracilis (H. Gervais and Ameghino, 1880); mensalis (Thomas, 1917); minuta (Burmeister, 1891); pristina (Amhegino, 1891); provicugna (Boule, 1920); vicunia (Tschudi, 1844); vicunna (Tiedemann, 1804).	NW Argentina, W Bolivia, N Chile, and S Peru.	CITES  Appendix I [except for populations of Bolivia and Peru, and parts of the population in Argentina and Chile, which are included in Appendix II]; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Lower Risk (cd).	Systematics reviewed by Wheeler (1995). Regarded as polytypic (mensalis a distinct subspecies) by some authors (Haltenorth, 1963) but systematics here follows Cabrera (1961). Kadwell et al. (2001) suggested that the Alpaca should be assigned to Vicugna. Gentry et al. (1996) had already proposed that majority usage be confirmed by adoption of Vicugna vicugna as the name for the wild taxon of Vicugna on the assumption that the Alpaca is the domesticated descendent and asked the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature to use its plenary powers to rule that the name for this wild species is not invalid by virtue of being antedated by pacos, the name based on the domestic form. A ruling has been made in their favour (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 2003a).	Vicugna
14200123	Tragulidae	Milne-Edwards 1864	FAMILY						Tragulidae	Artiodactyla	Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. Paris, ser. 5 vol.2 p.157					From the description, Moschus leverianus Kerr, 1792 may be a tragulid, but its synonymy has not been determined.	
14200124	Hyemoschus	Gray 1845	GENUS					Hyemoschus	Tragulidae	Artiodactyla	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.16 p.350	Moschus aquaticus Ogilby, 1841.	Hyaemoschus Zittel, 1893; Hyeomoschus Turner, 1850; Hyomoschus Blyth, 1865.				
14200134	Tragulus kanchil subsp. anambensis	Chasen and Kloss 1928	SUBSPECIES		anambensis	kanchil		Tragulus	Tragulidae	Artiodactyla							
14200135	Tragulus kanchil subsp. angustiae	Kloss 1918	SUBSPECIES		angustiae	kanchil		Tragulus	Tragulidae	Artiodactyla							
14200136	Tragulus kanchil subsp. brevipes	Miller 1903	SUBSPECIES		brevipes	kanchil		Tragulus	Tragulidae	Artiodactyla							
14200125	Hyemoschus aquaticus	Ogilby 1841 "1841"	SPECIES			aquaticus		Hyemoschus	Tragulidae	Artiodactyla	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1840 p.35		batesi (Lydekker, 1906); cottoni (Lydekker, 1906); typicus (Lydekker, 1906).	W Africa in Ghana, Côte dIvoire, Liberia, Sierra Leone; C Africa in Angola (Cabinda), Cameroon, Central African Republic, Dem. Rep. Congo, Equatorial Guinea (Mbini), Gabon, Nigeria, Republic of Congo, and Bwamba Forest of Semliki Valley, Uganda, where not known to survive according to East et al. (1999) but seems likely to be present according to Kingdon's (1979) account. Supposed occurrence in Benin, Gambia, Guinea Bissau, Senegal, and Togo unsupported by evidence.	CITES  Appendix III (Ghana); IUCN  Data Deficient (DSG recommended).		Water Chevrotain
14200126	Moschiola	Gray 1852	GENUS					Moschiola	Tragulidae	Artiodactyla	Cat. Mamm. Brit. Mus., part 3, Ungulata Furcipeda p.247	Moschus meminna Erxleben, 1777.	Meminna Gray, 1836 [nomen oblitum?]; Moschiola Hodgson, 1843 [nomen nudum].			Treated as a full genus by Groves and Grubb (1987), following Flerov (1931). It has yet to be shown that Meminna Gray, 1836 fully qualifies as a nomen oblitum (Article 23.9.1.2, International Code of Zoological Nomenclature; International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1999).	
14200127	Moschiola meminna	Erxleben 1777	SPECIES			meminna		Moschiola	Tragulidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Regn. Anim. vol.1 p.322		ceylonensis (Pallas, 1779) [nomen nudum]; indica (Gray, 1843); malaccensis (Gray, 1843); memennoides (Hodgson, 1841) [nomen nudum]; mimenoides (Hodgson, 1842) [nomen nudum].	Sri Lanka and peninsular India. Supposed occurrence in Himalayan foothills of India and Nepal not confirmed (Champion, 1929).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Indian Spotted Chevrotain
14200152	Tragulus kanchil subsp. pidonis	Chasen 1940	SUBSPECIES		pidonis	kanchil		Tragulus	Tragulidae	Artiodactyla							
14200128	Tragulus	Brisson 1762	GENUS					Tragulus	Tragulidae	Artiodactyla	Regn. Anim., 2nd ed. p.12, 65	Cervus javanicus Osbeck, 1765.	Lagonebrax  Gloger, 1841.			Tragulus was attributed to Brisson (1762) by many authors (A. Gentry, 1994) though some (e.g. Chasen, 1940; Lydekker, 1915) assigned it to Pallas (1779). Recent rejection of Brisson (1762) was on the assumption that it was unavailable. Brisson (1762:65-68) listed the species T. indicus, T. guineensis (= Neotragus pygmaeus), T. surinamensis (= Mazama americana), T. africanus (= Sylvicapra grimmia), and [T.] moschus (= Moschus moschiferus). Of these, only T. indicus is referred to Tragulus as currently used, according to A. Gentry (1994:141). Brisson's Tragulus was defined by lacking horns (or antlers). However, three species were included on the strength of females or immatures which lack horns or antlers, while adult males possess them, so the character can not help to confirm that T. indicus is a mouse-deer. This nominal species is also based on descriptions of specimens of N. p... [truncated]	
14200129	Tragulus javanicus	Osbeck 1765	SPECIES	Cervus javanicus		javanicus		Tragulus	Tragulidae	Artiodactyla	Reise nach Ostindien und China p.357		focalinus  Miller, 1903; indicus Brisson, 1765 [not available]; indicus (Gmelin, 1788); jasanicus (C. H. Smith, 1827); javanicus Gmelin, 1788; javensis Pallas, 1779 [nomen oblitum].	Indonesia (Java).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Meijaard and Groves (2004) were not convinced that Cervus javanicus Osbeck, 1765 is a mouse-deer and preferred to date the name from Tragulus javanicus (Gmelin, 1788). Until their evidence is published, the older name is retained here. Tragulus javensis Pallas, 1779 is available and predates Moschus javanicus Gmelin, 1788. The two names are objective synonyms because they are both based on the description of a specimen by Pallas (1777, fasc. 12, p. 18), but javensis has not been noticed and is a nomen oblitum.	Java Mouse-deer
14200246	Mazama chunyi	Hershkovitz 1959	SPECIES			chunyi		Mazama	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.72 p.45			Bolivian Andes, S Peru.	IUCN  Data Deficient.	Prior to 1959 this species was confused with Pudu mephistophiles; see Hershkovitz (1959c). Regarded as a subspecies of M. bricenii by Anderson (1997).	Dwarf Brocket
14200130	Tragulus kanchil	Raffles 1821	SPECIES			kanchil		Tragulus	Tragulidae	Artiodactyla	Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol.13 p.239		pelandoc  C. H. Smith, 1827; abruptus Chasen, 1935; affinis Gray, 1861; pierrei Bonhote, 1903; anambensis Chasen and Kloss, 1928; angustiae Kloss, 1918; brevipes Miller, 1903; carimatae Miller, 1906; everetti Bonhote, 1903; natunae Miller, 1903; fulvicollis Lyon, 1908; fulviventer Gray, 1836; fuscatus Blyth, 1858; pumilus Chasen, 1940; hosei Bonhote, 1903; virgicollis Miller, 1903; insularis Chasen, 1940; klossi Chasen, 1935; lampensis Miller, 1903; lancavensis Miller, 1903; longipes Lyon, 1908; luteicollis Lyon, 1906; masae Lyon, 1916; mergatus Thomas, 1923; pallidus Miller, 1901; penangensis Kloss, 1918; pidonis Chasen, 1940; pinius Lyon, 1916; ravulus Miller, 1903; ravus Miller, 1902; rubeus Miller, 1903; russeus Miller, 1903; russulus Miller, 1903; siantanicus Chasen and Kloss, 1928; subrufus Miller, 1903.	Indochina, Burma (isthmus of Kra), Brunei, Cambodia, China (S Yunnan), Indonesia (Kalimantan, Sumatra, and many small islands), Laos, Malaysia (peninsular Malaya, Sarawak, and many small islands), Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.			Lesser Mouse-deer
14200131	Tragulus kanchil subsp. kanchil	Raffles 1821	SUBSPECIES		kanchil	kanchil		Tragulus	Tragulidae	Artiodactyla	Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol.13 p.239						
14200132	Tragulus kanchil subsp. abruptus	Chasen 1935	SUBSPECIES		abruptus	kanchil		Tragulus	Tragulidae	Artiodactyla							
14200137	Tragulus kanchil subsp. carimatae	Miller 1906	SUBSPECIES		carimatae	kanchil		Tragulus	Tragulidae	Artiodactyla							
14200138	Tragulus kanchil subsp. everetti	Bonhote 1903	SUBSPECIES		everetti	kanchil		Tragulus	Tragulidae	Artiodactyla							
14200139	Tragulus kanchil subsp. fulvicollis	Lyon 1908	SUBSPECIES		fulvicollis	kanchil		Tragulus	Tragulidae	Artiodactyla							
14200140	Tragulus kanchil subsp. fulviventer	Gray 1836	SUBSPECIES		fulviventer	kanchil		Tragulus	Tragulidae	Artiodactyla							
14200141	Tragulus kanchil subsp. hosei	Bonhote 1903	SUBSPECIES		hosei	kanchil		Tragulus	Tragulidae	Artiodactyla							
14200142	Tragulus kanchil subsp. insularis	Chasen 1940	SUBSPECIES		insularis	kanchil		Tragulus	Tragulidae	Artiodactyla							
14200143	Tragulus kanchil subsp. klossi	Chasen 1935	SUBSPECIES		klossi	kanchil		Tragulus	Tragulidae	Artiodactyla							
14200144	Tragulus kanchil subsp. lampensis	Miller 1903	SUBSPECIES		lampensis	kanchil		Tragulus	Tragulidae	Artiodactyla							
14200145	Tragulus kanchil subsp. lancavensis	Miller 1903	SUBSPECIES		lancavensis	kanchil		Tragulus	Tragulidae	Artiodactyla							
14200146	Tragulus kanchil subsp. longipes	Lyon 1908	SUBSPECIES		longipes	kanchil		Tragulus	Tragulidae	Artiodactyla							
14200147	Tragulus kanchil subsp. luteicollis	Lyon 1906	SUBSPECIES		luteicollis	kanchil		Tragulus	Tragulidae	Artiodactyla							
14200153	Tragulus kanchil subsp. pinius	Lyon 1916	SUBSPECIES		pinius	kanchil		Tragulus	Tragulidae	Artiodactyla							
14200154	Tragulus kanchil subsp. ravulus	Miller 1903	SUBSPECIES		ravulus	kanchil		Tragulus	Tragulidae	Artiodactyla							
14200155	Tragulus kanchil subsp. ravus	Miller 1902	SUBSPECIES		ravus	kanchil		Tragulus	Tragulidae	Artiodactyla							
14200156	Tragulus kanchil subsp. rubeus	Miller 1903	SUBSPECIES		rubeus	kanchil		Tragulus	Tragulidae	Artiodactyla							
14200157	Tragulus kanchil subsp. russeus	Miller 1903	SUBSPECIES		russeus	kanchil		Tragulus	Tragulidae	Artiodactyla							
14200158	Tragulus kanchil subsp. russulus	Miller 1903	SUBSPECIES		russulus	kanchil		Tragulus	Tragulidae	Artiodactyla							
14200159	Tragulus kanchil subsp. siantanicus	Chasen and Kloss 1928	SUBSPECIES		siantanicus	kanchil		Tragulus	Tragulidae	Artiodactyla							
14200160	Tragulus kanchil subsp. subrufus	Miller 1903	SUBSPECIES		subrufus	kanchil		Tragulus	Tragulidae	Artiodactyla							
14200186	Moschus	Linnaeus 1758	GENUS					Moschus	Moschidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.66	Moschus moschiferus Linnaeus, 1758.	Odontodorcus Gistel, 1848; Tragulus Boddaert, 1785 (preoccupied).			Species limits in Himalayas are still uncertain; see Cai and Feng (1981), Groves (1976, 1980a), Groves et al. (1995), Groves and Grubb (1987), and Grubb (1982a). Su et al. (1999) recognised the following phylogeny from study of cytochrome b genes: (moschiferus) ((berezovskii) (chrysogaster, fuscus, leucogaster)), confirming affinity of at least some alpine taxa. Sokolov and Prikhod'ko (1996, 1997) recognised only one species in the genus.	
14200161	Tragulus napu	F. Cuvier 1822	SPECIES			napu		Tragulus	Tragulidae	Artiodactyla	In É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mammifères vol.4 part 37 p."Le chevrotain napu", p. 2, pl. 329		abjectus  Chasen, 1935; annae Matschie, 1897; borneanus Miller, 1902; canescens Miller, 1900; umbrinus Miller, 1900; amoenus Miller, 1903; jugularis Miller, 1903; bancanus Lyon, 1906; banguei Chasen and Kloss, 1931; batuanus Miller, 1903; billitonus Lyon, 1906; bunguranensis Miller, 1901; flavicollis Miller, 1903; hendersoni Chasen, 1940; lutescens Miller, 1903; neubronneri Sody, 1931; niasis Lyon, 1916; nigricollis Miller, 1902; nigrocinctus Miller, 1906; parallelus Miller, 1911; pretiellus Miller, 1906; rufulus Miller, 1900; formosus Miller, 1903; perflavus Miller, 1906; pretiosus Miller, 1902; sebucus Lyon, 1911; stanleyanus Gray, 1836; terutus Thomas and Wroughton, 1909.	Indochina, Burma (isthmus of Kra), Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia (Kalimantan, Sumatra, and many small islands), Laos, Malaysia (peninsular Malaya, Sarawak, and many small islands), Singapore, and Thailand.	IUCN  Endangered as T. n. nigricans, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).		Greater Mouse-deer
14200162	Tragulus napu subsp. napu	F. Cuvier 1822	SUBSPECIES		napu	napu		Tragulus	Tragulidae	Artiodactyla	In É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mammifères vol.4 part 37 p."Le chevrotain napu", p. 2, pl. 329						
14200163	Tragulus napu subsp. amoenus	Miller 1903	SUBSPECIES		amoenus	napu		Tragulus	Tragulidae	Artiodactyla							
14200164	Tragulus napu subsp. bancanus	Lyon 1906	SUBSPECIES		bancanus	napu		Tragulus	Tragulidae	Artiodactyla							
14200165	Tragulus napu subsp. banguei	Chasen and Kloss 1931	SUBSPECIES		banguei	napu		Tragulus	Tragulidae	Artiodactyla							
14200166	Tragulus napu subsp. batuanus	Miller 1903	SUBSPECIES		batuanus	napu		Tragulus	Tragulidae	Artiodactyla							
14200167	Tragulus napu subsp. billitonus	Lyon 1906	SUBSPECIES		billitonus	napu		Tragulus	Tragulidae	Artiodactyla							
14200168	Tragulus napu subsp. bunguranensis	Miller 1901	SUBSPECIES		bunguranensis	napu		Tragulus	Tragulidae	Artiodactyla							
14200169	Tragulus napu subsp. flavicollis	Miller 1903	SUBSPECIES		flavicollis	napu		Tragulus	Tragulidae	Artiodactyla							
14200170	Tragulus napu subsp. hendersoni	Chasen 1940	SUBSPECIES		hendersoni	napu		Tragulus	Tragulidae	Artiodactyla							
14200171	Tragulus napu subsp. lutescens	Miller 1903	SUBSPECIES		lutescens	napu		Tragulus	Tragulidae	Artiodactyla							
14200172	Tragulus napu subsp. neubronneri	Sody 1931	SUBSPECIES		neubronneri	napu		Tragulus	Tragulidae	Artiodactyla							
14200173	Tragulus napu subsp. niasis	Lyon 1916	SUBSPECIES		niasis	napu		Tragulus	Tragulidae	Artiodactyla							
14200174	Tragulus napu subsp. nigricollis	Miller 1902	SUBSPECIES		nigricollis	napu		Tragulus	Tragulidae	Artiodactyla							
14200175	Tragulus napu subsp. nigrocinctus	Miller 1906	SUBSPECIES		nigrocinctus	napu		Tragulus	Tragulidae	Artiodactyla							
14200176	Tragulus napu subsp. parallelus	Miller 1911	SUBSPECIES		parallelus	napu		Tragulus	Tragulidae	Artiodactyla							
14200177	Tragulus napu subsp. pretiellus	Miller 1906	SUBSPECIES		pretiellus	napu		Tragulus	Tragulidae	Artiodactyla							
14200178	Tragulus napu subsp. rufulus	Miller 1900	SUBSPECIES		rufulus	napu		Tragulus	Tragulidae	Artiodactyla							
14200179	Tragulus napu subsp. sebucus	Lyon 1911	SUBSPECIES		sebucus	napu		Tragulus	Tragulidae	Artiodactyla							
14200180	Tragulus napu subsp. stanleyanus	Gray 1836	SUBSPECIES		stanleyanus	napu		Tragulus	Tragulidae	Artiodactyla							
14200181	Tragulus napu subsp. terutus	Thomas and Wroughton 1909	SUBSPECIES		terutus	napu		Tragulus	Tragulidae	Artiodactyla							
14200182	Tragulus nigricans	Thomas 1892	SPECIES			nigricans		Tragulus	Tragulidae	Artiodactyla	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 6 vol.9 p.254			Philippines (Balabac, Bugsuc, and Ramos Isls).			Philippine Mouse-deer
14200183	Tragulus versicolor	Thomas 1910	SPECIES			versicolor		Tragulus	Tragulidae	Artiodactyla	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.5 p.535			Vietnam.			Vietnam Mouse-deer
14200184	Tragulus williamsoni	Kloss 1961	SPECIES			williamsoni		Tragulus	Tragulidae	Artiodactyla	J. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam vol.2 p.88			N Thailand.	Known only from the holotype.		Williamson's Mouse-deer
14200185	Moschidae	Gray 1821	FAMILY						Moschidae	Artiodactyla	London Med. Repos. vol.15 p.307					A family separate from the Cervidae; see Flerov (1960), Webb and Taylor (1980), Groves and Grubb (1987), and Janis and Scott (1987).	
14200240	Mazama americana subsp. trinitatis	J. A. Allen 1915	SUBSPECIES		trinitatis	americana		Mazama	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200265	Mazama temama subsp. reperticia	Goldman 1913	SUBSPECIES		reperticia	temama		Mazama	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200187	Moschus anhuiensis	Wang, Hu, and Yan 1982	SPECIES			anhuiensis		Moschus	Moschidae	Artiodactyla	Acta Ther. Sin. vol.2 p.133			Known only from Anhui Prov., China.	CITES  Appendix II.	Originally described as a subspecies of M. moschiferus; included in M. berezovskii by Groves and Feng (1986); a valid species according to Su et al. (2001), inferred from mtDNA sequences to be the sister taxon of a group including M. chrysogaster, M. fuscus, M. leucogaster, and M. berezovskii.	Anhui Musk Deer
14200188	Moschus berezovskii	Flerov 1928 "1929"	SPECIES			berezovskii		Moschus	Moschidae	Artiodactyla	C. R. Acad. Sci. U.S.S.R. vol.1928A p.519		bijiangensis  Wang and Li, 1993; caobangis Dao, 1969; yanguiensis Wang and Ma, 1993.	S and C China (Shaanxi to Yunnan, and S Tibet) and N Vietnam.	CITES  Appendix II; U.S. ESA  Endangered in Tibet and Yunnan (China); IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Revised by Wang et al (1993). A well-defined species sharply distinct from the parapatric or marginally sympatric M. chrysogaster; see Kao (1963), Groves (1976), and Grubb (1982a), yet treated as a synonym of M. moschiferus sifanicus (= M. chrysogaster sifanicus) by Sokolov and Prikhod'ko (1997).	Forest Musk Deer
14200189	Moschus berezovskii subsp. berezovskii	Flerov 1928 "1929"	SUBSPECIES		berezovskii	berezovskii		Moschus	Moschidae	Artiodactyla	C. R. Acad. Sci. U.S.S.R. vol.1928A p.519						
14200190	Moschus berezovskii subsp. bijiangensis	Wang and Li 1993	SUBSPECIES		bijiangensis	berezovskii		Moschus	Moschidae	Artiodactyla							
14200191	Moschus berezovskii subsp. caobangis	Dao 1969	SUBSPECIES		caobangis	berezovskii		Moschus	Moschidae	Artiodactyla							
14200192	Moschus berezovskii subsp. yanguiensis	Wang and Ma 1993	SUBSPECIES		yanguiensis	berezovskii		Moschus	Moschidae	Artiodactyla							
14200225	Capreolus pygargus subsp. mantschuricus	Noack 1889	SUBSPECIES	Cervus pygargus mantschuricus 	mantschuricus	pygargus		Capreolus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200226	Capreolus pygargus subsp. ochraceus	Barclay 1935	SUBSPECIES		ochraceus	pygargus		Capreolus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200193	Moschus chrysogaster	Hodgson 1839	SPECIES			chrysogaster		Moschus	Moschidae	Artiodactyla	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.8 p.203		sifanicus  Büchner, 1891.	Bhutan, S and C China (S Gansu, S Ningxia, Qinghai, W Sichuan, S Tibet, and N Yunnan), N India (Sikkim), and Nepal.	CITES  Appendix I in Bhutan, India and Nepal; otherwise Appendix II; U.S. ESA  Endangered in Bhutan, China (Yunnan and Tibet), India and Nepal; IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	A well defined species; see Groves (1976) and Gao (1963), under the name sifanicus, which should be included in M. chrysogaster (see Grubb, 1982a). However, "chrysogaster" of Cai and Feng (1981) is subspecifically or specifically distinct and available name for this taxon may be leucogaster Hodgson, 1839; see Grubb (1982a).	Alpine Musk Deer
14200194	Moschus chrysogaster subsp. chrysogaster	Hodgson 1839	SUBSPECIES		chrysogaster	chrysogaster		Moschus	Moschidae	Artiodactyla	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.8 p.203						
14200195	Moschus chrysogaster subsp. sifanicus	Büchner 1891	SUBSPECIES		sifanicus	chrysogaster		Moschus	Moschidae	Artiodactyla							
14200196	Moschus cupreus	Grubb 1982	SPECIES			cupreus		Moschus	Moschidae	Artiodactyla	Säugetier. Mitt. vol.30 p.133			Himalayas of India and Pakistan in Kashmir, and N Afghanistan.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered.	Originally described as a subspecies of chrysogaster; very similar to leucogaster; Groves et al. (1995) suggested that cupreus might be a separate species.	Kashmir Musk Deer
14200197	Moschus fuscus	Li 1981	SPECIES			fuscus		Moschus	Moschidae	Artiodactyla	Zool. Res. Kunming vol.2 p.159			N Burma, China (NW Yunnan and SE Tibet), India (Assam), and Nepal.	CITES  Appendix I in Bhutan, Burma, India, and Nepal; otherwise Appendix II; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Moschus saturatus Hodgson, 1839 may be a prior name for this species. Gao (1985) treated fuscus as a subspecies of chrysogaster.	Black Musk Deer
14200235	Mazama americana subsp. jucunda	Thomas 1913	SUBSPECIES		jucunda	americana		Mazama	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200198	Moschus leucogaster	Hodgson 1839	SPECIES			leucogaster		Moschus	Moschidae	Artiodactyla	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.8 p.203		cacharensis Lydekker, 1915 [nomen nudum]; saturatus Hodgson, 1839; zhangmu Groves, Wang and Grubb, 1995 [nomen nudum].	Himalayas of Bhutan, N India (incl. Sikkim), and Nepal.	CITES  Appendix I; ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Lower Risk (nt) as M. chrysogaster leucogaster.	Groves and Grubb (1987) and Groves et al. (1995) treated leucogaster as a separate species from M. chrysogaster, from which it differs in skull proportions; Grubb (1990) listed it as a Himalayan subspecies-group of M. chrysogaster.	Himalayan Musk Deer
14200241	Mazama americana subsp. whitelyi	Gray 1873	SUBSPECIES		whitelyi	americana		Mazama	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200242	Mazama americana subsp. zamora	J. A. Allen 1915	SUBSPECIES		zamora	americana		Mazama	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200199	Moschus moschiferus	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			moschiferus		Moschus	Moschidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.66		altaicus Eschscholtz, 1830; fasciatus Gray, 1872; maculatus Gray, 1872; moschus (Boddaert, 1785); sibiricus Pallas, 1779; arcticus Flerov, 1929; parvipes Hollister, 1911; sachalinensis Flerov, 1929; turowi Zalkin, 1945.	Forests of Russia (Sakhalin Isl and E Siberia), N China (N Sinkiang; Inner Mongolia to Shanxi), Korea, and N Mongolia.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Vulnerable.	Includes sibiricus; see Corbet (1978c:198). Revised by Sokolov and Prikhod'ko (1996, 1997).	Siberian Musk Deer
14200200	Moschus moschiferus subsp. moschiferus	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		moschiferus	moschiferus		Moschus	Moschidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.66						
14200201	Moschus moschiferus subsp. arcticus	Flerov 1929	SUBSPECIES		arcticus	moschiferus		Moschus	Moschidae	Artiodactyla							
14200202	Moschus moschiferus subsp. parvipes	Hollister 1911	SUBSPECIES		parvipes	moschiferus		Moschus	Moschidae	Artiodactyla							
14200203	Moschus moschiferus subsp. sachalinensis	Flerov 1929	SUBSPECIES		sachalinensis	moschiferus		Moschus	Moschidae	Artiodactyla							
14200204	Moschus moschiferus subsp. turowi	Zalkin 1945	SUBSPECIES		turowi	moschiferus		Moschus	Moschidae	Artiodactyla							
14200205	Cervidae	Goldfuss 1820	FAMILY						Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Handb. Zool. vol.2 p.xx, 374					Reviewed by Whitehead (1972) and Groves and Grubb (1987). For introduced populations, see Lever (1985). For revision of the whole family, see Geist (1998). The following names have not been identified: Cervus anomalus Kerr, 1792; C. minutus Kerr, 1792; C. paludosus Kerr, 1792; C. squinaton Kerr, 1792.	
14200206	Capreolinae	Brookes 1828	SUBFAMILY						Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Cat. Anat. Zool. Mus. J. Brookes p.62		Alceini Brookes, 1828; Elaphalcedae Brookes, 1828 [nomen oblitum ]; Mazamadae Brookes, 1828 [nomen oblitum]; Mazaminae Kraglievitch, 1932; Odocoileini Pocock, 1923; Pudinae Pocock, 1923; Rangiferini Brookes, 1828; Subulidae Brookes, 1828 [nomen oblitum].			For use of Capreolinae, see Lister et al. (1998). The widely used term Neocervinae Carette, 1922 includes Odocoileini and Rangiferini and as it is not based on any genus is an unavailable name. Tribe Alcini is now to be spelt Alceini, approved by Opinion 1081 (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1977c). Allocation of genera to tribes is as follows: Alceini (Alces), Capreolini (Capreolus), Odocoileini (Blastocerus, Mazama, Odocoileus, Ozotoceros), Odocoileini or Rangiferini (Hippocamelus, Pudu), Rangiferini (Rangifer). Webb (2000) transferred Hippocamelus and Pudu to Rangiferini.	
14200207	Alces	Gray 1821	GENUS					Alces	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	London Med. Repos. vol.15 p.307	Cervus alces Linnaeus, 1758.	Alce Frisch, 1775 [unavailable]; Alcelaphus Gloger, 1841; Paralces J. Allen, 1902.			Has been regarded as a monotypic genus by most recent workers but Boyeskorov (1999) treated the alces and americanus subspecies groups as species. They are said to be separated by the Yenisei River in Siberia. More information is required on the location and nature of the contact zone, particular in the upper Yenisei, Mongolia, and China. It has yet to be confirmed that both species occur or occurred in Mongolia and China. Genus revised by Peterson (1952); reviewed by Franzmann (1981, Mammalian Species, 154) and Geist (1998).	
14200208	Alces alces	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			alces		Alces	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.66		aces (Shaw, 1801); albes (Bowdich, 1821); alce (Boddaert, 1785); angusticephalus Zukowsky, 1915; antiquorum Rüppell, 1842; europaeus Burnett, 1830 [nomen nudum]; jubatus Fitzinger, 1860; machlis Ogilby, 1837; malchis Gray, 1850; palmatus Gray, 1843; platycephalus Pusch, 1840; resupinatus Rouillier, 1842; tymensis Zukowsky, 1915; typicus Ward, 1910; uralensis Matschie, 1913; vulgaris de Serres, 1835; caucasicus Vereshchagin, 1955.	N Eurasia from Scandinavia, Poland, N Austria, and S Czech Republic (vagrant in Croatia, Hungary, and Romania), east to the Yenisei River (Siberia) and south to Ukraine, N Kazakhstan, N China (N Sinkiang), and possibly adjacent parts of Mongolia; extinct in Caucasus region since 19<sup>th</sup> century.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Differs from A. americanus in karyotype, body dimensions and proportions, form of premaxilla, colouration, and structure and dimensions of antlers (Boyeskorov, 1999; Geist, 1998).	Eurasian Elk
14200209	Alces alces subsp. alces	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		alces	alces		Alces	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.66						
14200210	Alces alces subsp. caucasicus	Vereshchagin 1955	SUBSPECIES		caucasicus	alces		Alces	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200236	Mazama americana subsp. rosii	Lönnberg 1919	SUBSPECIES		rosii	americana		Mazama	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200243	Mazama americana subsp. zetta	Thomas 1913	SUBSPECIES		zetta	americana		Mazama	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200244	Mazama bororo	Duarte 1996	SPECIES			bororo		Mazama	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Guia de identificação de cervídeos Brasileiros p.7		bororo Mirando Ribeiro, 1919 [nomen nudum].	Brazil (Atlantic Forest from SE São Paulo State to NE Paraná State).	IUCN  Data Deficient (DSG recommended).	Stated to have not yet been formally described (Wemmer, 1998) but Duarte's (1996) description made the name available. Revised by Duarte and Jorge (2003). The name bororo Mirando Ribeiro, 1919, which is a nomen nudum, may refer to this species.	São Paulo Bororó
14200211	Alces americanus	Clinton 1822	SPECIES			americanus		Alces	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Letters on the natural history  of New York p.193		andersoni Peterson, 1950; buturlini Chernyavsky and Zhelesnov, 1982; columbae Lydekker, 1915; gigas Miller, 1899; lobatus (Agassiz, 1846); meridionalis Matschie, 1913; muswa Richardson, 1852; pfizenmayeri Zukowsky, 1910; shirasi Nelson, 1914; yakutskensis Millais, 1911; cameloides (Milne-Edwards, 1867); bedfordiae Lydekker, 1902.	Russia (E Siberia), east of the Yenisei River east to Anadyr region (E Siberia) and south to N Mongolia and N China (N of Inner Mongolia and Manchuria). N America in Canada and N USA (including Alaska); introduced to New Zealand where now extinct.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt) as A. alces cameloides.	Subspecies limits follow Geist (1998). Characters diagnosing species not fully confirmed for cameloides. Cervus americanus Clinton, 1822 is preoccupied by Cervus americanus Erxleben, 1777 (= Odocoileus virginianus), a name used in the literature that has not been declared to be unavailable. It is probably a nomen oblitum and the familiar name Alces americanus (Clinton, 1822) continues to be used here. Cervus coronatus Lesson, 1827 (= C. coronatus É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803), based on a single rack, is usually cited as a synonym of Alces alces but is reputedly from America. It is much too small to be a Moose (C. H. Smith, 1827), and is possibly an aberrant Rangifer tarandus, according to Blyth (1860).	Moose
14200212	Alces americanus subsp. americanus	Clinton 1822	SUBSPECIES		americanus	americanus		Alces	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Letters on the natural history  of New York p.193						
14200213	Alces americanus subsp. cameloides	Milne-Edwards 1867	SUBSPECIES		cameloides	americanus		Alces	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200253	Mazama gouazoubira subsp. nemorivaga	F. Cuvier 1817	SUBSPECIES		nemorivaga	gouazoubira		Mazama	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200214	Blastocerus	Wagner 1844	GENUS					Blastocerus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Invon Schreber, Die Säugetiere vol.4 p.366	Cervus paludosus Desmarest, 1822 (= Cervus dichotomus Illiger, 1815).	Bezoarticus Marelli, 1932; Blastoceros Fitzinger, 1873; Blastoros Knottnerus-Meyer, 1907; Edoceros Avila-Pires, 1957.			Included in Odocoileus by Haltenorth (1963:44-45), but generically distinct (Groves and Grubb, 1987). Hershkovitz (1958) argued that first valid use of generic name was Gray, 1850 but Grubb (2000a) provided evidence to support wide acceptance of Wagner, 1844 as author.	
14200215	Blastocerus dichotomus	Illiger 1804-1811 "1815"	SPECIES			dichotomus		Blastocerus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Abh. Phys. Klasse K.-Preuss. Akad. Wiss. vol.1804-1811 p.117		ensenadensis (Ameghino, 1888); furcata (Gray, 1843); paludosus (Desmarest, 1822); palustris (Desmoulins, 1823).	N Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (S of Amazon River), Paraguay, E Peru, and Uruguay.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Critically Endangered (Paraná Brazilian Basin subpopulation), Endangered (Delta del Paraná subpopulation),  otherwise Vulnerable.	Reviewed by Pinder and Grosse (1991, Mammalian Species, 380).	Marsh Deer
14200216	Capreolus	Gray 1821	GENUS					Capreolus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	London Med. Repos. vol.15 p.307	Cervus capreolus Linnaeus, 1758.	Caprea Ogilby, 1837; Capreolus Frisch, 1775 [unavailable].			Reviewed by Sokolov et al (1986c).	
14200217	Capreolus capreolus	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			capreolus		Capreolus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.68		albicus Matschie, 1910; albus (Kerr, 1792); armenius Blackler, 1916; baleni Martino, 1933; balticus Matschie, 1910; capraea Gray, 1843; cistaunicus (Matschie, 1913); coxi Cheesman and Hinton, 1923; dorcas Burnett, 1830 [nomen nudum]; europaeus Sundevall, 1846; grandis Bolkay, 1925; illyricus von Lehmann and Sägesser, 1986 [nomen nudum]; joffrei Blackler, 1916; niger Fitzinger, 1874; plumbeus (Reichenbach, 1845); rhenanus Matschie, 1910; thotti Lönnberg, 1910; transsylvanicus Matschie, 1907; transvosagicus (Matschie, 1913); varius Fitzinger, 1874; vulgaris Fitzinger, 1832; warthae Matschie, 1912; whittalli Barclay, 1936; zedlitzi Matschie, 1916; canus Miller, 1910; decorus Cabrera, 1916; garganta Meunier, 1983; caucasicus Dinnik, 1910; italicus Festa, 1925.	Europe (excluding Corsica, Ireland, Sardinia, and Sicily) to W Russia and Ukraine, Turkey, Caucasus region, NW Syria, N Iraq, N Iran; extinct in Lebanon and Israel; Protoneolithic record from Jordan (Jericho).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Sempéré et al. (1996, Mammalian Species, 538) and by Lister et al. (1998) whose identification of caucasicus as correct name for large-sized subspecies north of Caucasus Mtns is provisional. Treatment of italicus as a valid subspecies follows Lorenzini et al. (2002).	European Roe
14200218	Capreolus capreolus subsp. capreolus	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		capreolus	capreolus		Capreolus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.68						
14200219	Capreolus capreolus subsp. canus	Miller 1910	SUBSPECIES		canus	capreolus		Capreolus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200220	Capreolus capreolus subsp. caucasicus	Dinnik 1910	SUBSPECIES		caucasicus	capreolus		Capreolus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200221	Capreolus capreolus subsp. italicus	Festa 1925	SUBSPECIES		italicus	capreolus		Capreolus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200237	Mazama americana subsp. rufa	Illiger 1815	SUBSPECIES		rufa	americana		Mazama	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200238	Mazama americana subsp. sarae	Thomas 1925	SUBSPECIES		sarae	americana		Mazama	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200239	Mazama americana subsp. sheila	Thomas 1913	SUBSPECIES		sheila	americana		Mazama	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200222	Capreolus pygargus	Pallas 1771	SPECIES			pygargus		Capreolus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Reise Prov. Russ. Reichs vol.1 p.453		ahu (Gmelin, 1780) [unavailable]; ahu (Lydekker, 1915); bedfordi Thomas, 1908; melanotis Miller, 1911; mantschuricus (Noack, 1889); ferghanicus Rasewig, 1909; tianschanicus Satunin, 1906; ochraceus Barclay, 1935.	S Ural Mtns (Russia), N and E Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and S Siberia (Russia) eastward to Pacific coast, south into N and C China (N Sinkiang and Inner Mongolia south to Sichuan), N Mongolia, and Korea; apparently formerly in E Ukraine and N Caucasus Mtns (Russia) but original natural distribution not well documented.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Year of publication stated to be 1773 by Heptner et al. (1961) but no evidence provided and bibliographies cite 1771. Now regarded by most Russian authors as a species distinct from C. capreolus (Hewison and Danilkin, 2001; Sokolov et al., 1985; Sokolov and Gromov, 1990). Reviewed by Danilkin (1995, Mammalian Species, 512); revised by Sokolov et al. (1986c). Cervus pygargus mantschuricus Noack, 1889 is not preoccupied by Cervus mantchuricus Swinhoe, 1864 (= Cervus nippon) as there is a one letter difference (Article 57.6, International Code of Zoological Nomenclature; International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1999). Treatment of ochraceus as a valid subspecies follows Koh and Randi (2001).	Siberian Roe
14200223	Capreolus pygargus subsp. pygargus	Pallas 1771	SUBSPECIES		pygargus	pygargus		Capreolus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Reise Prov. Russ. Reichs vol.1 p.453						
14200224	Capreolus pygargus subsp. bedfordi	Thomas 1908	SUBSPECIES		bedfordi	pygargus		Capreolus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200227	Hippocamelus	Leuckart 1816	GENUS					Hippocamelus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Diss. Inaug. de Equo bisulco Molinae p.24	Hippocamelus dubius Leuckart, 1816 (= Equus bisulcus Molina, 1792).	Anomalocera Gray, 1869; Cervequus Lesson, 1842; Creagroceros Fitzinger, 1873; Furcifer Wagner, 1844; Huamela Gray, 1873; Xenelaphus Gray, 1869.			Included in Odocoileus by Haltenorth (1963:44, 46). Sister genus of Rangifer according to Webb (1992).	
14200228	Hippocamelus antisensis	d'Orbigny 1834	SPECIES			antisensis		Hippocamelus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.3 p.91		anomalocera (Gray, 1872); antisiensis (Wagner, 1844).	Andes of NW Argentina, Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Data Deficient.		Taruca
14200229	Hippocamelus bisulcus	Molina 1782	SPECIES			bisulcus		Hippocamelus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Sagg. Stor. Nat. Chile p.320		andicus (Lesson, 1842); chilensis (Gay and Gervais, 1846); dubius Leuckart, 1816; equinus (Treviranus, 1803); huamel (Gray, 1850); huemel (C. H. Smith, 1827); leucotis (Gray, 1849).	Andes of S Chile and S Argentina.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Endangered.		Guemal
14200230	Mazama	Rafinesque 1817	GENUS					Mazama	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Am. Mon. Mag. vol.1 5 p.363	Mazama pita Rafinesque, 1817 (= Moschus americanus Erxleben, 1777).	Azarina Larrañaga, 1923; Coassus Gray, 1843; Doryceros Fitzinger, 1873; Doratoceros Lydekker, 1915; Homelaphus Gray, 1872; Nanelaphus Fitzinger, 1873; Passalites Gloger, 1841; Subulo C. H. Smith, 1827.			Revised by Czernay (1987). The genus includes brown brockets (gouazoubira, pandora), red brockets (americana, temama), and small brockets (bororo, bricenii, chunyi, nana, rufina); it has not been established that brown or small brockets are monophyletic groups.	
14200231	Mazama americana	Erxleben 1777	SPECIES			americana		Mazama	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Regni Anim. vol.1 p.324		baralou (Kerr, 1792) [nomen dubium]; delicatulus (Shaw, 1800); inornata (Gray, 1872); juruana J. A. Allen, 1915; nemorosus (Kerr, 1792) [nomen dubium]; carrikeri Hershkovitz, 1959; gualea J. A. Allen, 1915; fuscata J. A. Allen, 1915; jucunda Thomas, 1913; rosii Lönnberg, 1919; rufa (Illiger, 1815); dolichurus (Wagner, 1844); pita Rafinesque, 1817; toba Lönnberg, 1919; sarae Thomas, 1925; sheila Thomas, 1913; trinitatis J.A. Allen, 1915; whitelyi (Gray, 1873); zamora J. A. Allen, 1915; zetta Thomas, 1913.	N Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Surinam, Trinidad, Tobago, and Venezuela.	IUCN  Data Deficient.	Mazama americana tumatumari J. A. Allen, 1915 is a composite based on a skull of Odocoileus virginianus (the lectotype) and a skin of Mazama americana; see Tate (1939).	South American Red Brocket
14200232	Mazama americana subsp. americana	Erxleben 1777	SUBSPECIES		americana	americana		Mazama	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Regni Anim. vol.1 p.324						
14200233	Mazama americana subsp. carrikeri	Hershkovitz 1959	SUBSPECIES		carrikeri	americana		Mazama	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200234	Mazama americana subsp. gualea	J. A. Allen 1915	SUBSPECIES		gualea	americana		Mazama	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200247	Mazama gouazoubira	G. Fischer [von Waldheim] 1814	SPECIES			gouazoubira		Mazama	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Zoognosia vol.3 p.465		argentina Lönnberg, 1919; bira Rafinesque, 1817; fusca (Larrañaga, 1923); gouazoupira (G. Fischer [von Waldheim], 1814) [incorrect original spelling]; kozeritzi Mirando Ribeiro, 1919; namby (Fitzinger, 1879); simplicicornis (Illiger, 1815); cita Osgood, 1912; humboldtii (Wiegmann, 1833) [nomen nudum]; medemi Barriga-Bonilla, 1966; mexianae (Hagmann, 1908); murelia J. A. Allen, 1915; nemorivaga (F. Cuvier, 1817); permira Kellogg, 1946; sanctaemartae J. A. Allen, 1915; rondoni Miranda Ribeiro, 1915; superciliaris (Gray, 1852); tschudii (Wagner, 1855).	N Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Panama (San Jose Isl), Paraguay, Peru, Surinam, Uruguay, and Venezuela.	IUCN  Data Deficient (DSG recommended).	Although the specific name is based on the gouazoubira of Azara, the original spelling was "gouazoupira" not "gouazoubira". The latter has been conserved as the correct original spelling (Opinion 1985; International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 2001b). Cabrera (1961) and Czernay (1987) included rondoni in superciliaris; Duarte (1996) and Duarte and Merino (1997) listed it as a separate species, based on an anomalous karyotype; Pinder and Leeuwenberg (1997) listed it as a subspecies, and provisionally also listed namby as valid.	South American Brown Brocket
14200248	Mazama gouazoubira subsp. gouazoubira	G. Fischer [von Waldheim] 1814	SUBSPECIES		gouazoubira	gouazoubira		Mazama	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Zoognosia vol.3 p.465						
14200249	Mazama gouazoubira subsp. cita	Osgood 1912	SUBSPECIES		cita	gouazoubira		Mazama	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200250	Mazama gouazoubira subsp. medemi	Barriga-Bonilla 1966	SUBSPECIES		medemi	gouazoubira		Mazama	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200251	Mazama gouazoubira subsp. mexianae	Hagmann 1908	SUBSPECIES		mexianae	gouazoubira		Mazama	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200252	Mazama gouazoubira subsp. murelia	J. A. Allen 1915	SUBSPECIES		murelia	gouazoubira		Mazama	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200254	Mazama gouazoubira subsp. permira	Kellogg 1946	SUBSPECIES		permira	gouazoubira		Mazama	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200255	Mazama gouazoubira subsp. sanctaemartae	J. A. Allen 1915	SUBSPECIES		sanctaemartae	gouazoubira		Mazama	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200256	Mazama gouazoubira subsp. rondoni	Miranda Ribeiro 1915	SUBSPECIES		rondoni	gouazoubira		Mazama	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200257	Mazama gouazoubira subsp. superciliaris	Gray 1852	SUBSPECIES		superciliaris	gouazoubira		Mazama	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200258	Mazama gouazoubira subsp. tschudii	Wagner 1855	SUBSPECIES		tschudii	gouazoubira		Mazama	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200259	Mazama nana	Hensel 1872	SPECIES			nana		Mazama	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Abhandl. Preuss. Akad. Will. vol.1872 p.99		nana (Lund, 1841) [nomen nudum].	N Argentina, SE Brazil, and E Paraguay.	IUCN  Data Deficient (DSG recommended).	Hensel misidentified this species as Cervus rufinus Pucheran, but regarded Cervus nanus Lund as a synonym. The latter name becomes valid from Hensel's description, as Mazama nana (Hensel, 1872). The name is preooccupied by Cervus nanus Kaup, 1839, possibly a junior synonym of Euprox dicranocerus (Kaup, 1833), and probably a nomen oblitum. A species distinct from M. rufina according to Czernay (1987). "Bororo" has been used as a vernacular name for M. nana by Czernay (1987) but needs to be qualified in view of the recently described M. bororo.	Southern Bororó
14200260	Mazama pandora	Merriam 1901	SPECIES			pandora		Mazama	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.14 p.105			Campeche and Yucatán, Mexico.	IUCN  Data Deficient (DSG recommended).	Restored to species status by Medellin et al. (1998b).	Yucatan Brown Brocket
14200261	Mazama rufina	Pucheran 1851	SPECIES			rufina		Mazama	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Rev. Mag. Zool. Paris vol.3 p.561			Ecuador and S Columbia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Bourcier and Pucheran were cited as the authors in the original publication, but Pucheran provided the description and is the sole author; Bourcier collected the syntypes.	Ecuador Red Brocket
14200262	Mazama temama	Kerr 1792	SPECIES			temama		Mazama	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	The Animal Kingdom p.303		sartorii (Saussure, 1860); tema Rafinesque, 1817; cerasina Hollister, 1914; reperticia Goldman, 1913.	Belize, W Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico (SE from S Tamaulipas), Nicaragua, and Panama.	CITES  Appendix III (Guatemala) as M. americana cerasina.	Raised to species status by Geist (1998), following suggestions by Groves and Grubb (1987).	Central American Red Brocket
14200263	Mazama temama subsp. temama	Kerr 1792	SUBSPECIES		temama	temama		Mazama	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	The Animal Kingdom p.303						
14200264	Mazama temama subsp. cerasina	Hollister 1914	SUBSPECIES		cerasina	temama		Mazama	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200266	Odocoileus	Rafinesque 1832	GENUS					Odocoileus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Atlantic Journal and Friend of Knowledge vol.1 p.109	Odocoileusspeleus Rafinesque, 1832 (= Dama virginianus Zimmermann, 1780).	Aplacerus Hall and Kelson, 1959; Cariacus, Lesson, 1842; Dama Zimmermann, 1780 [preoccupied]; Dorcelaphus Gloger, 1841; Elaphalces Brookes, 1828 [nomen oblitum]; Eucervus Gray, 1866; Gymnotis Fitzinger, 1879; Macrotis Wagner, 1855; Mazama C. H. Smith, 1827 [preoccupied]; Odocoelus G. M. Allen, 1901; Odontocoelus Sclater, 1902; Oplacerus Haldleman, 1842; Otelaphus Fitzinger, 1874; Palaeodocoileus Spillman, 1931; Protomazama Spillman, 1931; Reduncina Wagner, 1844; Subulus Brookes, 1828 [nomen oblitum].			Hall (1981:1087) employed Dama Zimmermann, 1780, of which Dama virginiana (= Odocoileus virginianus) is the type, for this genus, but Dama Frisch, 1775, with Cervus dama (= Dama dama) as type has priority and thus preoccupies Dama Zimmermann, 1780 (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1960).	
14200267	Odocoileus hemionus	Rafinesque 1817	SPECIES			hemionus		Odocoileus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Am. Mon. Mag. vol.1 p.436		auritus (Warden, 1820); macrotis (Say, 1823); montanus (Caton, 1881); virgultus (Hallock, 1899); californicus (Caton, 1876); cerrosensis Merriam, 1898; columbianus (Richardson, 1829); lewisii (Peale, 1848); punctulatus (Gray, 1852); pusillus (Gray, 1873); richardsoni (Audubon and Bachman, 1853); scaphiotus (Merriam, 1898); eremicus (Mearns, 1897); canus Merriam, 1901; fuliginatus (Cowan, 1933); inyoensis (Cowan, 1933); peninsulae (Lydekker, 1898); sheldoni Goldman, 1939; sitkensis Merriam, 1898.	W Canada, Mexico (Baja California and Sonora to N Tamaulipas), W USA east to Minnesota, and Alaskan Panhandle. Introduced to Kauai (Hawaiian Isls) and Argentina.	U.S. ESA  Endangered as O. h. cedrocensis [sic; = cerrosensis]; IUCN  Endangered as O. h. cerrosensis, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	Revised by Cowan (1936); reviewed by Anderson and Wallmo (1984, Mammalian Species, 219) and Geist (1998). The species can be partitioned into the columbianus division or Black-tailed Deer (including also sitkensis) and the nominate hemionus division or Mule Deer sensu stricto (including also californicus, cerrosensis, eremicus, fuliginatus, inyoensis, peninsulae, and sheldoni). Dorcelaphus crooki Mearns, 1897 is based on a hybrid between O. virginianus and O. hemionus (Heffelfinger, 2000).	Mule Deer
14200296	Odocoileus virginianus subsp. mexicanus	Gmelin 1788	SUBSPECIES		mexicanus	virginianus		Odocoileus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200268	Odocoileus hemionus subsp. hemionus	Rafinesque 1817	SUBSPECIES		hemionus	hemionus		Odocoileus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Am. Mon. Mag. vol.1 p.436						
14200269	Odocoileus hemionus subsp. californicus	Caton 1876	SUBSPECIES		californicus	hemionus		Odocoileus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200270	Odocoileus hemionus subsp. cerrosensis	Merriam 1898	SUBSPECIES		cerrosensis	hemionus		Odocoileus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200271	Odocoileus hemionus subsp. columbianus	Richardson 1829	SUBSPECIES		columbianus	hemionus		Odocoileus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200272	Odocoileus hemionus subsp. eremicus	Mearns 1897	SUBSPECIES		eremicus	hemionus		Odocoileus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200273	Odocoileus hemionus subsp. fuliginatus	Cowan 1933	SUBSPECIES		fuliginatus	hemionus		Odocoileus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200274	Odocoileus hemionus subsp. inyoensis	Cowan 1933	SUBSPECIES		inyoensis	hemionus		Odocoileus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200275	Odocoileus hemionus subsp. peninsulae	Lydekker 1898	SUBSPECIES		peninsulae	hemionus		Odocoileus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200276	Odocoileus hemionus subsp. sheldoni	Goldman 1939	SUBSPECIES		sheldoni	hemionus		Odocoileus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200277	Odocoileus hemionus subsp. sitkensis	Merriam 1898	SUBSPECIES		sitkensis	hemionus		Odocoileus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200278	Odocoileus virginianus	Zimmermann 1780	SPECIES			virginianus		Odocoileus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Geogr. Gesch. Mensch. Vierf. Thiere vol.2 p.129		americanus (Erxleben, 1777) [nomen oblitum]; clavatus (C. H. Smith, 1827) [nomen dubium]; ramosus (de Blainville, 1822); typicus (Lydekker, 1898); ramosus (de Blainville, 1822); virginianus (Zimmermann, 1777) [unavailable]; wisconsinensis (Belitz, 1919); acapulcensis (Caton, 1877); borealis Miller, 1900; cariacou (Boddaert, 1784); campestris (F. Cuvier, 1817); mangivorus (Schrank, 1819) [nomen dubium]; mazame (Kerr, 1792); pratensis (Kerr, 1792); spinosus (Gay and Gervais, 1846); suacuapara Mirando Ribeiro, 1919; sylvaticus (Kerr, 1792); carminis Goldman and Kellog, 1940; chiriquensis J. A. Allen, 1910; clavium Barbour and G. M. Allen, 1922; couesi (Coues and Yarrow, 1875); baileyi Lydekker, 1915; battyi J. A. Allen, 1903; curassavicus (Hummelinck, 1940); dacotensis Goldman and Kellog, 1940; goudotii (Gay and Gervais, 1846); columbicus (Fitzinger, 1879); lasiotis Osgood, 1914; gymnotis (Wiegmann, 1833); savannarum (Cabanis, 1848); tumatumari (J. A. Allen, 1915); wiegmanni (Fitzinger, 1879); hiltonensis Goldman and Kellog, 1940; leucurus (Douglas, 1829); macrourus (Rafinesque, 1817); louisianae G. M. Allen, 1901; mcilhennyi F. W. Miller, 1928; margaritae Osgood, 1910; mexicanus (Gmelin, 1788); indicus (Kerr, 1792); lichtensteini (J. A. Allen, 1902); miquihuanensis Goldman and Kellogg, 1940; nelsoni Merriam, 1898; mayensis CITES, 1992 [nomen nudum]; nemoralis (C. H. Smith, 1827); clavatus (True, 1889); costaricensis Miller, 1901; truei Merriam, 1898; nigribarbis Goldman and Kellogg, 1940; oaxacensis Goldman and Kellogg, 1940; ochrourus V. Bailey, 1932; osceola (Bangs, 1896), fraterculus (Coues, 1896); peruvianus (Gray, 1874); brachyceros (Philippi, 1894); peruanus Sanborn, 1953; philippii Trouesssart, 1904; rothschildi (Thomas, 1902); seminolus Goldman and Kellogg, 1940; sinaloae J. A. Allen, 1903; taurinsulae Goldman and Kellogg, 1940; texanus (Mearns, 1898); texensis (Miller and Rehn, 1901); thomasi Merriam, 1898; toltecus (Saussure, 1860); tropicalis Cabrera, 1918; punensis Spillmann, 1948 [nomen nudum]; ustus Trouessart, 1910; abeli (Spillmann, 1931); aequatorialis (Spillmann, 1931); antonii (Spillmann, 1931); consul Lönnberg, 1922; gracilis (Spillmann, 1931); venatorius Goldman and Kellogg, 1940; veraecrucis Goldman and Kellogg, 1940; yucatanensis (Hays, 1872).	S Canada extending N of 60°N in the North West Territory and in the Yukon, USA (absent from California to W Colorado), and all nations of Central America; South America in Bolivia, N Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Surinam, and Venezuela. Introduced to Czech Republic, Finland, New Zealand, and West Indies, possibly surviving on Cuba, Curacao, St. Croix, and St. Thomas Isls.	CITES  Appendix III (Guatemala) as O. v. mayensis; U.S. ESA  Endangered as O. v. clavium, Endangered (but proposed delisting) as O. v. leucurus; IUCN  Endangered as O. v. clavium, Lower Risk (nt) as O. v. leucurus, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Smith (1991, Mammalian Species, 388) and Geist (1998). The species includes two divisions (Groves and Grubb, 1987; Grubb, 1990), the cariacou division or Cariacu (including also acapulcensis, chiriquensis, curassavicus, goudotii, margaritae, mexicanus, miquihuanensis, nelsoni, nemoralis, oaxacensis, peruvianus, rothschildi, sinaloae, thomasi, toltecus, tropicalils, truei, ustus, veraecrucis, and yucatanensis) and the nominate virginianus division, the White-tailed Deer sensu stricto (including also borealis, carminus, clavium, couesi, dacotensis, hiltonensis, leucurus, macrourus, mcilhennyi, nigribarbis, ochrourus, osceola, seminolus, taurinsulae, texanus, and venatorius). Three taxa in Venezuela (goudotii, gymnotis, margaritae) regarded as species by Molina and Molinari (1999) but not by Moscarella et al. (2003).	White-tailed Deer
14200279	Odocoileus virginianus subsp. virginianus	Zimmermann 1780	SUBSPECIES		virginianus	virginianus		Odocoileus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Geogr. Gesch. Mensch. Vierf. Thiere vol.2 p.129						
14200282	Odocoileus virginianus subsp. cariacou	Boddaert 1784	SUBSPECIES		cariacou	virginianus		Odocoileus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200283	Odocoileus virginianus subsp. carminis	Goldman and Kellog 1940	SUBSPECIES		carminis	virginianus		Odocoileus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200284	Odocoileus virginianus subsp. chiriquensis	J. A. Allen 1910	SUBSPECIES		chiriquensis	virginianus		Odocoileus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200285	Odocoileus virginianus subsp. clavium	Barbour and G. M. Allen 1922	SUBSPECIES		clavium	virginianus		Odocoileus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200286	Odocoileus virginianus subsp. couesi	Coues and Yarrow 1875	SUBSPECIES		couesi	virginianus		Odocoileus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200287	Odocoileus virginianus subsp. curassavicus	Hummelinck 1940	SUBSPECIES		curassavicus	virginianus		Odocoileus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200288	Odocoileus virginianus subsp. dacotensis	Goldman and Kellog 1940	SUBSPECIES		dacotensis	virginianus		Odocoileus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200289	Odocoileus virginianus subsp. goudotii	Gay and Gervais 1846	SUBSPECIES		goudotii	virginianus		Odocoileus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200290	Odocoileus virginianus subsp. gymnotis	Wiegmann 1833	SUBSPECIES		gymnotis	virginianus		Odocoileus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200291	Odocoileus virginianus subsp. hiltonensis	Goldman and Kellog 1940	SUBSPECIES		hiltonensis	virginianus		Odocoileus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200292	Odocoileus virginianus subsp. leucurus	Douglas 1829	SUBSPECIES		leucurus	virginianus		Odocoileus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200293	Odocoileus virginianus subsp. macrourus	Rafinesque 1817	SUBSPECIES		macrourus	virginianus		Odocoileus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200294	Odocoileus virginianus subsp. mcilhennyi	F. W. Miller 1928	SUBSPECIES		mcilhennyi	virginianus		Odocoileus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200295	Odocoileus virginianus subsp. margaritae	Osgood 1910	SUBSPECIES		margaritae	virginianus		Odocoileus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200297	Odocoileus virginianus subsp. miquihuanensis	Goldman and Kellogg 1940	SUBSPECIES		miquihuanensis	virginianus		Odocoileus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200298	Odocoileus virginianus subsp. nelsoni	Merriam 1898	SUBSPECIES		nelsoni	virginianus		Odocoileus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200299	Odocoileus virginianus subsp. nemoralis	C. H. Smith 1827	SUBSPECIES		nemoralis	virginianus		Odocoileus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200300	Odocoileus virginianus subsp. nigribarbis	Goldman and Kellogg 1940	SUBSPECIES		nigribarbis	virginianus		Odocoileus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200301	Odocoileus virginianus subsp. oaxacensis	Goldman and Kellogg 1940	SUBSPECIES		oaxacensis	virginianus		Odocoileus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200302	Odocoileus virginianus subsp. ochrourus	V. Bailey 1932	SUBSPECIES		ochrourus	virginianus		Odocoileus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200303	Odocoileus virginianus subsp. osceola	Bangs 1896	SUBSPECIES		osceola	virginianus		Odocoileus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200304	Odocoileus virginianus subsp. peruvianus	Gray 1874	SUBSPECIES		peruvianus	virginianus		Odocoileus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200305	Odocoileus virginianus subsp. rothschildi	Thomas 1902	SUBSPECIES		rothschildi	virginianus		Odocoileus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200306	Odocoileus virginianus subsp. seminolus	Goldman and Kellogg 1940	SUBSPECIES		seminolus	virginianus		Odocoileus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200307	Odocoileus virginianus subsp. sinaloae	J. A. Allen 1903	SUBSPECIES		sinaloae	virginianus		Odocoileus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200308	Odocoileus virginianus subsp. taurinsulae	Goldman and Kellogg 1940	SUBSPECIES		taurinsulae	virginianus		Odocoileus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200309	Odocoileus virginianus subsp. texanus	Mearns 1898	SUBSPECIES		texanus	virginianus		Odocoileus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200310	Odocoileus virginianus subsp. thomasi	Merriam 1898	SUBSPECIES		thomasi	virginianus		Odocoileus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200311	Odocoileus virginianus subsp. toltecus	Saussure 1860	SUBSPECIES		toltecus	virginianus		Odocoileus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200312	Odocoileus virginianus subsp. tropicalis	Cabrera 1918	SUBSPECIES		tropicalis	virginianus		Odocoileus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200313	Odocoileus virginianus subsp. ustus	Trouessart 1910	SUBSPECIES		ustus	virginianus		Odocoileus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200314	Odocoileus virginianus subsp. venatorius	Goldman and Kellogg 1940	SUBSPECIES		venatorius	virginianus		Odocoileus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200315	Odocoileus virginianus subsp. veraecrucis	Goldman and Kellogg 1940	SUBSPECIES		veraecrucis	virginianus		Odocoileus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200316	Odocoileus virginianus subsp. yucatanensis	Hays 1872	SUBSPECIES		yucatanensis	virginianus		Odocoileus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200317	Ozotoceros	Ameghino 1891	GENUS					Ozotoceros	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Rev. Argent. Hist. Nat. vol.1 p.243	Cervus bezoarticus Linnaeus, 1758 misidentified as Cervus campestris F. Cuvier, 1817.	Ozelaphus  Knottnerus-Meyer, 1907; Ozotoceras Palmer, 1904.			Ozotoceros is the name to be used for Blastoceros Fitzinger, 1860, if Blastoceros is regarded as an invalid emendation of Blastocerus; see Hershkovitz (1958) and Grubb (2000). Included in Odocoileus by Haltenorth (1963:46), Bianchini and Delupi (1979), and Ximenez et al. (1972), but a distinct genus (Groves and Grubb, 1987).	
14200318	Ozotoceros bezoarticus	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			bezoarticus		Ozotoceros	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.67		caenosus (Wagner, 1844); comosus (Wagner, 1844); cuguapara (Kerr, 1792); cuguete (Kerr, 1792); sylvestris (Gray, 1873); arerunguaensis González, Álvares-Valin and Maldonado, 2002; celer Cabrera, 1943; leucogaster (Goldfuss, 1817); albus (Fitzinger, 1879); azarae (Wiegmann, 1833) [nomen nudum]; dickii (Goeldi, 1912); uruguayensis González, Álvares-Valin and Maldonado, 2002.	N Argentina, SE Bolivia, Brazil (S of Amazon), Paraguay, and Uruguay.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Critically Endangered as O. b. uruguayensis and O. b. arerunguaenis, Endangered as O. b. celer, Data Deficient as O. b. bezoarticus, Lower Risk (nt) as O. b. leucogaster.	Reviewed by Jackson (1987, Mammalian Species, 295). Widely known in the older literature as Blastocerus or Cariacus campestris (= Cervus campestris F. Cuvier, 1817), a name which is properly a junior synonym of Odocoilelus virginianus cariacou.	Pampas Deer
14200319	Ozotoceros bezoarticus subsp. bezoarticus	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		bezoarticus	bezoarticus		Ozotoceros	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.67						
14200320	Ozotoceros bezoarticus subsp. arerunguaensis	González, Álvares-Valin and Maldonado 2002	SUBSPECIES		arerunguaensis	bezoarticus		Ozotoceros	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200321	Ozotoceros bezoarticus subsp. celer	Cabrera 1943	SUBSPECIES		celer	bezoarticus		Ozotoceros	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200322	Ozotoceros bezoarticus subsp. leucogaster	Goldfuss 1817	SUBSPECIES		leucogaster	bezoarticus		Ozotoceros	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200335	Rangifer tarandus subsp. groenlandicus	Borowski 1780	SUBSPECIES		groenlandicus	tarandus		Rangifer	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200323	Ozotoceros bezoarticus subsp. uruguayensis	González, Álvares-Valin and Maldonado 2002	SUBSPECIES		uruguayensis	bezoarticus		Ozotoceros	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200324	Pudu	Gray 1850 "1852"	GENUS					Pudu	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1850 p.242	Capra puda Molina, 1782.	Pudella  Thomas, 1913; Pudua Garrod, 1877.			Included in Mazama by Haltenorth (1963:48); includes Pudella; revised by Hershkovitz (1982).	
14200325	Pudu mephistophiles	de Winton 1896	SPECIES			mephistophiles		Pudu	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1896 p.508		fusca (Spillmann, 1931); mephistopheles Thomas, 1908; mephistophelis Cabrera and Yepes, 1940; wetmorei Lehmann, 1945.	Andes of Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).		Northern Pudu
14200354	Cervus elaphus subsp. alashanicus	Bobrinskii and Flerov 1935	SUBSPECIES		alashanicus	elaphus		Cervus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200355	Cervus elaphus subsp. atlanticus	Lönnberg 1906	SUBSPECIES		atlanticus	elaphus		Cervus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200356	Cervus elaphus subsp. barbarus	Bennett 1833	SUBSPECIES		barbarus	elaphus		Cervus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200326	Pudu puda	Molina 1782	SPECIES			puda		Pudu	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Sagg. Stor. Nat. Chile p.308		chilensis Gray, 1852; dubia (Afzelius, 1815); humilis (Bennett, 1831); pudu (Gmelin, 1788); pudua Carette, 1922.	S Chile and SW Argentina.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered as P. pudu; IUCN  Vulnerable.	For original spelling of specific name, see Hershkovitz (1982).	Southern Pudu
14200327	Rangifer	C. H. Smith 1827	GENUS					Rangifer	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	In Griffith et al., Anim. Kingdom vol.5 p.304	Cervus tarandus Linnaeus, 1758.	Achlis Reichenbach, 1845; Rangifer Frisch, 1775 [unavailable]; Tarandus Billberg, 1827.			Revised by Banfield (1961), Geist (1998), and Markov et al. (1994).	
14200346	Axis calamianensis	Heude 1888	SPECIES			calamianensis		Axis	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Mem. Hist. Nat. Emp. Chin. vol.2 p.49		culionensis  (Elliot, 1897).	Philippines, Calamian Isls (Busuanga, Calauit, Culion and some smaller Isls). Not recorded from Palawan and Heude did not have material from Palawan.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered as A. porcinus calamianensis; IUCN  Endangered.	Included in A. porcinus by Haltenorth (1963), but treated as a full species by Groves and Grubb (1987).	Calamian Deer
14200366	Cervus elaphus subsp. pannoniensis	Banwell 1997	SUBSPECIES		pannoniensis	elaphus		Cervus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200367	Cervus elaphus subsp. songaricus	Severtzov 1873	SUBSPECIES		songaricus	elaphus		Cervus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200368	Cervus elaphus subsp. wallichii	G. Cuvier 1823	SUBSPECIES		wallichii	elaphus		Cervus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200328	Rangifer tarandus	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			tarandus		Rangifer	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.67		borealis (Rüppell, 1842); cilindricornis Camerano, 1902 [unavailable]; furcifer (Baird, 1852); lapponum (Billberg, 1827); rangifer (Gmelin, 1788); typicus Lydekker, 1898; buskensis (Millais, 1915); angustirostris Flerov, 1932; dichotomus Hilzheimer, 1936; silvicola Hilzheimer, 1936; transuralensis Hilzheimer, 1936; valentinae Flerov, 1933; caboti G. M. Allen, 1914; labradorensis (Millais, 1915); caribou (Gmelin, 1788); coronatus (É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803) [nomen dubium]; fortidens Hollister, 1912; hastalis (Agassiz, 1847); keewatinensis (Millais, 1915); montanus Thompson-Seton, 1899; sylvestris (Richardson, 1829); dawsoni Thompson-Seton, 1900; fennicus Lönnberg, 1909; groenlandicus (Borowski, 1780); arcticus (Richardson, 1829); excelsifrons Hollister, 1912; granti J. A. Allen, 1902; grewensis (de Blainville, 1822); ramosus (de Blainville, 1822); osborni J. A. Allen, 1902; mcguirei Figgins, 1919; ogilvyensis (Millais, 1915); selousi Barclay, 1935; stonei J. A. Allen, 1901; pearsoni Lydekker, 1903; pearyi J. A. Allen, 1902; eogroenlandicus Degerbøl, 1957; phylarchus Hollister, 1912; setoni Flerov, 1933; platyrhynchus (Vrolik, 1829); spetsbergensis (Andersen, 1862); spitzbergensis Murray, 1866; sibiricus Murray, 1866; asiaticus Jacobi, 1931; chukchensis (Millais, 1915); lenensis (Millais, 1915); sibiricus (von Schreber, 1784) [unavailable]; taimyrensis Michurin, 1965; yakutskensis (Millais, 1915); terraenovae Bangs, 1896.	Circumboreal in tundra and taiga from Svalbard, Norway, Finland, Russia, Alaska (USA) and Canada including most arctic islands, and Greenland, south to N Mongolia, China (Inner Mongolia; now only domesticated or feral?), Sakhalin Isl, and USA (N Idaho and Great Lakes region). Introduced to, and feral in, Iceland, Kerguelen Isls, South Georgia Isl, Pribilof Isls, St. Matthew Isl. Extinct in Sweden.	U.S. ESA  Endangered as R. t. caribou in Canada (SE British Columbia at the Canadian-USA border, Columbia River, Kootenay River, Kootenay Lake, and Kootenai River) and USA (Idaho, Washington); IUCN  Endangered as R. t. pearyi, otherwise Lower Risk (lc). The woodland caribou is highly endangered throughout its distribution right into Ontario (V. Geist, in litt.).	Subspecies have been placed in two divisions, compressicornis or Woodland Reindeer, and cylindricornis or Tundra Reindeer (Jacobi, 1931). These names of divisions are non-Linnean; cilindricornis Camerano, 1902 is a lapsus for cylindricornis and is not a Linnean name. An additional category has since been recognised for the Peary Caribou, due to marginal or seasonal sympatry between caribou in Arctic America, following Banfield (1963). Subspecies here considered valid are based on Banfield (1961), considerably modified by Geist (1998): caribou division or Woodland Caribou (includes also buskensis, valentinae, dawsoni, fennicus, and phylarchus); populations transitional between caribou and tarandus divisions (includes osborni); tarandus division, Barren-ground Caribou or Reindeer (includes also caboti, groenlandicus, pearsoni, sibiricus, and terraenovae); and platyrhynchus division (including pearyi </... [truncated]	Reindeer
14200329	Rangifer tarandus subsp. tarandus	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		tarandus	tarandus		Rangifer	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.67						
14200330	Rangifer tarandus subsp. buskensis	Millais 1915	SUBSPECIES		buskensis	tarandus		Rangifer	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200331	Rangifer tarandus subsp. caboti	G. M. Allen 1914	SUBSPECIES		caboti	tarandus		Rangifer	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200332	Rangifer tarandus subsp. caribou	Gmelin 1788	SUBSPECIES		caribou	tarandus		Rangifer	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200333	Rangifer tarandus subsp. dawsoni	Thompson-Seton 1900	SUBSPECIES		dawsoni	tarandus		Rangifer	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200334	Rangifer tarandus subsp. fennicus	Lönnberg 1909	SUBSPECIES		fennicus	tarandus		Rangifer	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200336	Rangifer tarandus subsp. osborni	J. A. Allen 1902	SUBSPECIES		osborni	tarandus		Rangifer	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200337	Rangifer tarandus subsp. pearsoni	Lydekker 1903	SUBSPECIES		pearsoni	tarandus		Rangifer	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200338	Rangifer tarandus subsp. pearyi	J. A. Allen 1902	SUBSPECIES		pearyi	tarandus		Rangifer	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200339	Rangifer tarandus subsp. phylarchus	Hollister 1912	SUBSPECIES		phylarchus	tarandus		Rangifer	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200340	Rangifer tarandus subsp. platyrhynchus	Vrolik 1829	SUBSPECIES		platyrhynchus	tarandus		Rangifer	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200341	Rangifer tarandus subsp. sibiricus	Murray 1866	SUBSPECIES		sibiricus	tarandus		Rangifer	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200342	Rangifer tarandus subsp. terraenovae	Bangs 1896	SUBSPECIES		terraenovae	tarandus		Rangifer	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200343	Cervinae	Goldfuss 1820	SUBFAMILY						Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Handb. Zool. vol.2 p.xx, 374		Axidae Brookes, 1828; Cervulinae Sclater, 1870 [suppressed]; Elaphidae Brookes, 1828; Elaphodinae Knottnerus-Meyer, 1907; Eucervidae Bubenik, 1990 [unavailable]; Muntiacini Knottnerus-Meyer, 1907; Platycerinidae Brookes, 1828 [unavailable]; Rusidae Brookes, 1828; Stylocerinidae Brookes, 1828 [unavailable].			Cervini includes Axis, Cervus, Elaphurus, Przewalskium, Rucervus, and Rusa. Muntiacini includes Elaphodus and Muntiacus. Muntiacini generally has been regarded as a subfamily (Haltenorth, 1963) and has usually been attributed to Pocock, 1923, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1923:207; treated as a full family by Groves and Grubb (1990); relegated to tribal status in Cervinae, by Groves and Grubb (1987) and Grubb (2000b) supported by evidence in Kraus and Miyamoto (1991).	
14200344	Axis	C. H. Smith 1827	GENUS					Axis	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	In Griffith et al., Anim. Kingdom vol.5 p.312	Cervus axis Erxleben, 1777.	Hyelaphus  Sundevall, 1846.			Treated as a full genus, not a subgenus of Cervus, by Groves and Grubb (1987). Subgenus Axis contains axis only; subgenus Hyelaphus contains calamianensis, kuhlii and porcinus.	
14200357	Cervus elaphus subsp. brauneri	Charlemagne 1920	SUBSPECIES		brauneri	elaphus		Cervus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200345	Axis axis	Erxleben 1777	SPECIES			axis		Axis	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Regn. Anim. vol.1 p.312		ceylonensis (J. B. Fischer, 1829); indicus (J. B. Fischer, 1829); maculatus (Kerr, 1792); major Hodgson, 1842; minor Hodgson, 1842; nudipalpebra (Ogilby, 1831); zeylanicus (Lydekker, 1905).	India (incl. Sikkim), Nepal, and Sri Lanka; introduced to Andaman Isls, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Brazil, Croatia, Moldavia, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Ukraine, Uruguay, and USA (Florida, Hawaiian Isls, and Texas).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Chital
14200365	Cervus elaphus subsp. nannodes	Merriam 1905	SUBSPECIES		nannodes	elaphus		Cervus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200347	Axis kuhlii	Temminck 1836	SPECIES			kuhlii		Axis	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Invon Siebold, Temminck and Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, Coup. d'Oeil Faune Iles Sonde Emp. Japan p.viii, ix			Indonesia, Bawean Isl. Specimen in Institute of Zoology, Beijing, labelled from Bangka Isl, off Sumatra, Indonesia.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered as A. porcinus kuhli [sic]; IUCN  Endangered.	The name of this deer is widely attributed to Müller, 1840 in Temminck, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Nederland. Overz. Bezitt., Zool., Zoogd. Indisch. Archipel., p. 45, but Corbet and Hill (1992) indicated the earlier publication. This species was further described by Müller and Schlegel, in Temminck, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Nederland. Overz. Bezitt., Zool., Mammalia, p. 223[1845], pl. 44[1842]. Included in A. porcinus by Haltenorth (1963), but treated as a full species by Groves and Grubb (1987) and Geist (1998).	Bawean Deer
14200348	Axis porcinus	Zimmermann 1780	SPECIES			porcinus		Axis	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Geogr. Gesch. Mensch. Vierf. Thiere vol.2 p.131		dodur (Royle, 1834) [nomen dubium]; maculatus (Kerr, 1792); oryzus Kelaart, 1852; porcinus (Zimmermann, 1777) [unavailable]; pumilio (C. H. Smith, 1827); annamiticus (Heude, 1888); hecki (Lydekker, 1908).	Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, China (Yunnan), N India, Laos, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka (introduced?), and S Vietnam; introduced to S Australia.	CITES  Appendix I as Cervus porcinus annamiticus; U.S. ESA  Endangered as Axis porcinus annamiticus; IUCN  Lower Risk (nt) as A. p. porcinus, Data Deficient as A. p. annamiticus.	Cervus porcinus Zimmermann, 1777, is not an available name as it was published in an unavailable work (Spec. Zool. Geogr., p. 532): see Hemming (1950:547).	Hog Deer
14200349	Axis porcinus subsp. porcinus	Zimmermann 1780	SUBSPECIES		porcinus	porcinus		Axis	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Geogr. Gesch. Mensch. Vierf. Thiere vol.2 p.131						
14200350	Axis porcinus subsp. annamiticus	Heude 1888	SUBSPECIES		annamiticus	porcinus		Axis	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200377	Cervus nippon subsp. kopschi	Swinhoe 1873	SUBSPECIES		kopschi	nippon		Cervus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200378	Cervus nippon subsp. mageshimae	Kuroda and Okada 1950	SUBSPECIES		mageshimae	nippon		Cervus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200379	Cervus nippon subsp. mandarinus	Milne-Edwards 1871	SUBSPECIES		mandarinus	nippon		Cervus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200351	Cervus	Linnaeus 1758	GENUS					Cervus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.66	Cervus elaphus Linnaeus, 1758.	Elaphoceros  Fitzinger, 1874; Elaphus C. H. Smith, 1827; Eucervus Acloque, 1899; Harana Hodgson, 1838; Pseudaxis Gray, 1872; Pseudocervus Hodgson, 1841; Sica Trouessart, 1898; Sika Sclater, 1870; Sikelaphus Heude, 1894; Sikaillus Heude, 1898.			Formerly included Rusa, Rucervus, and Przewalskium as subgenera, see Groves and Grubb (1987). Van Gelder (1977b) also included Elaphurus, Axis, Dama and Hyelaphus. Information from various sources suggests that Cervus sensu lato is polyphyletic or paraphyletic. Dendrograms derived from mitochondrial-DNA restriction-site maps suggest that Axis axis and Rucervus duvauceli form a sister-clade to Elaphurus davidianus, Rusa unicolor and Cervus elaphus (Cronin, 1991), whereas genetic distances obtained from protein analysis suggested that Axis axis, Dama species and Rusa species formed a sister clade to Elaphurus davidianus, C. elaphus, and C. nippon (Emerson and Tate, 1993). Phylogram of Randi et al. (2001) suggests Rucervus eldi and Elaphurus davidianus form a clade whose sister-group includes Rusa and Cervus species.	
14200352	Cervus elaphus	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			elaphus		Cervus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.67		albicus Matschie, 1907; albifrons Reichenbach, 1845; albus Desmarest, 1822; bajovaricus Matschie, 1907; balticus Matschie, 1907; debilis Matschie, 1912; germanicus Desmarest, 1822; hippelaphus Erxleben, 1777; montanus Botezat, 1903 [preoccupied];  neglectus Matschie, 1912; rhenanus Matschie, 1907; saxonicus Matschie, 1912; typicus Lydekker, 1898; varius Fitzinger, 1874; visurgensis Matschie, 1912; vulgaris Botezat, 1903; alashanicus Bobrinskii and Flerov, 1935; atlanticus Lönnberg, 1906; scoticus Lönnberg, 1906; barbarus Bennett, 1833; brauneri Charlemagne, 1920;  tauricus Fortunatov, 1925;  canadensis Erxleben, 1777; asiaticus Lydekker, 1898; baicalensis Lydekker, 1915; biedermanni Matschie, 1907; major Ord, 1815; manitobensis Millais, 1915; merriami Nelson, 1902; nelsoni Bailey, 1935; occidentalis C. H. Smith, 1827; roosevelti Merriam, 1897; sibiricus Severtzov, 1873; strongyloceros von Schreber, 1784; wachei Noack, 1902; wapiti Barton, 1808; corsicanus Erxleben, 1777; corsiniacus Gervais, 1848; mediterraneus de Blainville, 1822; minor Wagner, 1855; hanglu Wagner, 1844; cashmeerianus Falconer, 1868; cashmeriensis Adams, 1859; cashmirianus Fitzinger, 1874; casperianus Gray, 1847; hispanicus Hilzheimer, 1909; bolivari Cabrera, 1911; kansuensis Pocock, 1912; wardi Lydekker, 1910; macneilli Lydekker, 1909; maral Gray, 1850; caspius Radde, 1886; caucasicus Winans, 1914 [nomen nudum]; maral Ogilby, 1840 [nomen nudum]; nannodes Merriam, 1905; pannoniensis Banwell, 1997; campestris Botezat, 1903 [nomen nudum, preoccupied]; carpathicus Tatarinov, 1956 [nomen nudum]; songaricus Severtzov, 1873; eustephanus Blanford, 1876; wallichii G. Cuvier, 1823; affinis Hodgson, 1841; nariyanus Hodgson, 1851; tibetanus Hodgson, 1850; xanthopygus Milne-Edwards, 1867; bedfordianus Lydekker, 1897; isubra Noack, 1889; luehdorfi Bolau, 1880; typicus de Pousargues, 1898; ussuricus (Heude, 1892); yarkandensis Blanford, 1892; bactrianus Lydekker, 1900; hagenbeckii Shitkov, 1904.	N Africa in NE Algeria and Tunisia. All states of continental Europe east to S Norway, S Sweden, Ukraine and Caucasus (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Russia); extinct in Albania, Moldavia, and Sicily; introduced but now extinct on Lampedusa Isl and islands off Sicily; in Corsica and Sardinia only since Neolithic; not in Finland; reintroduced into Belorussia, Estonia, Kaliningrad, Latvia, and Lithuania. Near and Middle East in Turkey, N Iran, and Iraq; extinct in Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria. C Asia in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan (extinct), Uzbekistan, N Afghanistan, N India (Kashmir Valley), N Pakistan (vagrant), east to Siberia, Mongolia, W and N China (Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Jilin, Liaoning, Manchuria, Ninxia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, and E Tibet including Qinghai), Korea, and Ussuri region (Russia). Canada and USA, where now restricted to western areas and reserves. Red Deer (elaphus division) introduced to Morocco, USA, Argentina, Chile, Australia, and New Zealand; Elk or Wapiti (canadensis division) introduced to Ural Mtns and Volga Steppe (Russia), and New Zealand.	CITES  Appendix I as C. e. hanglu; Appendix II as C. e. bactrianus; Appendix III (Tunisia) as C. e. barbarus. U.S. ESA  Endangered as C. e. bactrianus, C. e. barbarus, C. e. corsicanus, C. e. hanglu, C. e. macneilli, C. e. wallichi, and C. e. yarkandensis; IUCN  Endangered as C. e. yarkandensis, C. e. corsicanus and C. e. hanglu, Vulnerable as C. e. bactrianus, Lower Risk (nt) as C. e. barbarus, Data Deficient as C. e. affinis, C. e. alashanicus, C. e. macneilli, and C. e. wallichi, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	European and North American populations are known as Red Deer and Elk (Wapiti) respectively; neither is suited as the name for the whole species; "maral", a Mongolian name widely used for Asiatic members of the species could be selected but is unlikely to be acceptable; for history and meaning of "maral", see Oswald (2002). Reviewed by Dolan (1988) and Geist (1998). Following Geist (1998) in part, subspecies modified from Groves and Grubb (1987) who recognised divisions of the species including nominate elaphus division or Red Deer sensu stricto (including also atlanticus, barbarus, brauneri, corsicanus, hispanicus, maral, pannoniensis, and scoticus), possibly paraphyletic wallichii division (primitive Wapiti alashanicus and kansuensis, Hangul hanglu, McNeill's Deer macneilli, Shou wallichii, and Bactrian or Yarkand Deer yarkandensis), and canadensis division or Elk (including... [truncated]	Red Deer (see comments)
14200353	Cervus elaphus subsp. elaphus	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		elaphus	elaphus		Cervus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.67						
14200358	Cervus elaphus subsp. canadensis	Erxleben 1777	SUBSPECIES		canadensis	elaphus		Cervus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200359	Cervus elaphus subsp. corsicanus	Erxleben 1777	SUBSPECIES		corsicanus	elaphus		Cervus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200360	Cervus elaphus subsp. hanglu	Wagner 1844	SUBSPECIES		hanglu	elaphus		Cervus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200361	Cervus elaphus subsp. hispanicus	Hilzheimer 1909	SUBSPECIES		hispanicus	elaphus		Cervus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200362	Cervus elaphus subsp. kansuensis	Pocock 1912	SUBSPECIES		kansuensis	elaphus		Cervus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200363	Cervus elaphus subsp. macneilli	Lydekker 1909	SUBSPECIES		macneilli	elaphus		Cervus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200364	Cervus elaphus subsp. maral	Gray 1850	SUBSPECIES		maral	elaphus		Cervus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200369	Cervus elaphus subsp. xanthopygus	Milne-Edwards 1867	SUBSPECIES		xanthopygus	elaphus		Cervus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200370	Cervus elaphus subsp. yarkandensis	Blanford 1892	SUBSPECIES		yarkandensis	elaphus		Cervus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200371	Cervus nippon	Temminck 1838	SPECIES			nippon		Cervus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Invon Siebold, Temminck and Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, Coup d'Oeil Faune Iles Sonde Emp. Japan p.xxii		aceros (Heude, 1888); brachypus (Heude, 1884); consobrinus (Heude, 1898); daimius (Heude, 1898); dejardinus (Heude, 1888); euopis Sclater, 1874; fuscus (Heude, 1884); granulosus (Heude, 1888); hollandianus (Heude, 1884); infelix (Heude, 1884); japonicus Sundevall, 1846; kematoceros (Heude, 1888); latidens (Heude, 1898); mageshimae Kuroda and Okada, 1950; marmandianus (Heude, 1888); minor Brooke, 1878; minutus (Heude, 1888); modestus (Heude, 1888); orthopodicus (Heude, 1897); orthopus (Heude, 1884); paschalis (Heude, 1888); regulus (Heude, 1898); rex (Heude, 1888); schlegeli (Heude, 1884); sica Lydekker, 1893; sicarius (Heude, 1898); sika Temminck, 1844; sika (Heude, 1898); surdescens (Heude, 1888); typicus Lydekker, 1897; aplodontus (Heude, 1884); aplodonticus (Heude, 1897); centralis Kishida, 1936; elegans (Heude, 1897); ellipticus (Heude, 1897); minoensis (Heude, 1897); mitratus (Heude, 1884); schizodonticus (Heude, 1897); sendaiensis (Heude, 1897); xendaiensis (Heude, 1884); grassianus (Heude, 1884); hortulorum Swinhoe, 1864; keramae (Kuroda, 1924); kopschi Swinhoe, 1873; andreanus Heude, 1882; arietinus (Heude, 1894); brachyrhinus (Heude, 1884); cycloceros (Heude, 1884); cyclorhinus Heude, 1882; dugennianus (Heude, 1894); frinianus Heude, 1882; gracilis Heude, 1882; grilloanus (Heude, 1884); hyemalis Heude, 1882); ignotus Heude, 1882; joretianus Heude, 1882; lacrymosus Heude, 1882; microdontus (Heude, 1884); oxycephalus (Heude, 1884); pouvrelianus (Heude, 1884); riverianus (Heude, 1894); yuanus (Heude, 1884); mageshimae Kuroda and Okada, 1950; mandarinus Milne-Edwards, 1871; mantchuricus Swinhoe, 1864; dybovskii (Heude, 1894); dybowskii Taczanowski, 1876; imperialis (Heude, 1894); major Noack, 1889; microspilus (Heude, 1884); typicus Ward, 1910; pseudaxis Gervais, 1841; pulchellus Imaizumi, 1970; sichuanicus Guo, Chen and Wang, 1978; swinhoei Glover, 1956 [preoccupied]; soloensis (Heude, 1888); taiouanus Blyth, 1860; devilleanus Heude, 1882; dominicanus (Heude, 1884); morrisianus (Heude, 1884); novioninus (Heude, 1884); schulzianus (Heude, 1884); taevanus Sclater, 1862; taioranus Heude, 1882; taivanus Gray, 1872; yakushimae Kuroda and Okada, 1950; yesoensis (Heude, 1884); blakistoninus (Heude, 1884); dolichorhinus (Heude, 1884); legrandianus (Heude, 1884); matsumotei Kishida, 1924; rutilus (Heude, 1897); sylvanus (Heude, 1884).	China (Manchuria south to Guangxi, and Sichuan to Anhui), Korea (incl. Cheju Isl), Japan (incl. Tsushima Isls), Russia (Soviet Far East), Taiwan (extinct but reintroduced), and Vietnam. Apparently wild populations now very localised in China. Presumably anciently introduced to Philippines (Solo Isl; still extant?). Introduced in 17th century to Kerama Isls (Ryukyu Isls). Introduced in 19th-20th centuries to British Isles, mainland Europe (Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Kaliningrad, Lithuania, Poland, W Russia, and Ukraine), New Zealand, USA, and small islands off Japan.	U.S. ESA  Endangered as C. n. grassianus, C. n. keramae, C. n. kopschi, C. n. mandarinus, and C. n. taiouanus; IUCN  Critically Endangered as C. n. grassianus, C. n. keramae, C. n. mandarinus, C. n. taiouanus, and C. n. pseudaxis, Endangered as C. n. sichuanicus and C. n. kopschi, Data Deficient as C. n. aplodontus, C. n. mantchuricus, C. n. pulchellus, and C. n. yesoensis, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	Further described by Temminck in von Siebold, Temminck and Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, Aperçu Gén. Spéc. Mamm. Japon, p. 54, pl. 17 [1844] as Cervus sika. Includes hortulorum, taiouanus and pulchellus, which were considered species by Imaizumi (1970a). Includes soloensis, see Grubb and Groves (1983). Revised in part by Groves and Smeenk (1978) who included mageshimae and yakushimae in nominate nippon, and noted that aplodontus has priority over centralis. Reviewed by Feldhamer (1980, Mammalian Species, 128) and Banwell (1999). Native and introduced populations seriously threatened by genetic pollution; numerous populations are of uncertain provenance or have mixed ancestry; status of hortulorum is particularly uncertain.	Sika
14200372	Cervus nippon subsp. nippon	Temminck 1838	SUBSPECIES		nippon	nippon		Cervus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Invon Siebold, Temminck and Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, Coup d'Oeil Faune Iles Sonde Emp. Japan p.xxii						
14200373	Cervus nippon subsp. aplodontus	Heude 1884	SUBSPECIES		aplodontus	nippon		Cervus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200374	Cervus nippon subsp. grassianus	Heude 1884	SUBSPECIES		grassianus	nippon		Cervus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200375	Cervus nippon subsp. hortulorum	Swinhoe 1864	SUBSPECIES		hortulorum	nippon		Cervus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200376	Cervus nippon subsp. keramae	Kuroda 1924	SUBSPECIES		keramae	nippon		Cervus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200380	Cervus nippon subsp. mantchuricus	Swinhoe 1864	SUBSPECIES		mantchuricus	nippon		Cervus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200381	Cervus nippon subsp. pseudaxis	Gervais 1841	SUBSPECIES		pseudaxis	nippon		Cervus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200382	Cervus nippon subsp. pulchellus	Imaizumi 1970	SUBSPECIES		pulchellus	nippon		Cervus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200383	Cervus nippon subsp. sichuanicus	Guo, Chen and Wang 1978	SUBSPECIES		sichuanicus	nippon		Cervus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200384	Cervus nippon subsp. soloensis	Heude 1888	SUBSPECIES		soloensis	nippon		Cervus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200385	Cervus nippon subsp. taiouanus	Blyth 1860	SUBSPECIES		taiouanus	nippon		Cervus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200386	Cervus nippon subsp. yakushimae	Kuroda and Okada 1950	SUBSPECIES		yakushimae	nippon		Cervus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200387	Cervus nippon subsp. yesoensis	Heude 1884	SUBSPECIES		yesoensis	nippon		Cervus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200421	Muntiacus reevesi subsp. jiangkouensis	Gu and Zu 1998	SUBSPECIES		jiangkouensis	reevesi		Muntiacus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200388	Dama	Frisch 1775	GENUS					Dama	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Das Natur-System der Vierfüssigen Thiere p.3	Cervus dama Linnaeus, 1758.	Dactyloceros Wagner, 1844; Machlis Zittel, 1894; Palmatus Lydekker, 1896; Platyceros Zimmermann, 1780.			Dama as generic name for the Fallow Deer was conserved by Opinion 581, International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1960).	
14200389	Dama dama	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			dama		Dama	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.67		albus  Fitzinger, 1874; leucaethiops (J. B. Fischer, 1829); maura (J. B. Fischer, 1829); mauricus (Cuvier, 1816); niger Fitzinger, 1874; platyceros (Cuvier, 1798); plinii (Zimmermann, 1780); schaeferi Hilzheimer, 1926; varius Fitzinger, 1874; vulgaris (J. B. Fischer, 1829); mesopotamica (Brooke, 1875); mesopotamiae (Trouessart, 1905).	Naturally wild populations of nominate form still present in S Turkey; introduced into nearly all countries of Europe (incl. Lithuania and Ukraine), South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, USA, Argentina, Chile, Peru, and Uruguay, as well as islands in Fijian group, Lesser Antilles, and off W Canadian Coast. For present distribution, see Chapman and Chapman (1980); for natural recent distribution see Uerpmann (1987). Subspecies mesopotamica formerly in Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, E Turkey, and possibly Syria; survives in W Iran.	CITES  Appendix I as D. mesopotamica; U.S. ESA  Endangered as D. mesopotamica (=D. d. mesopotamica); IUCN  Endangered as D. dama mesopotamica, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Feldhamer et al. (1988, Mammalian Species, 317), who included mesopotamica in this species. Dama schaeferi Hilzheimer, 1926 was supposedly from Africa, but the name is now known to have been based on a specimen from Italy (Kock, 2000b). The form mesopotamica has recently been regarded as a subspecies of D. clactoniana (Falconer, 1868), treated as a separate species from D. dama by di Stefano (1996), based on the resemblance of its antlers to a fossil antler of clactoniana from Edelsheim, Germany. Since characters of fossil antlers are open to varying interpretations, the evidence supporting this conclusion seems insufficient at present (A. Lister, in litt.); mesopotamica has also been regarded as a separate species from D. dama by Haltenorth (1959), Ferguson et al. (1985), Uerpmann (1987), and Harrison and Bates (1991) but in Geist's (1998) revision has been restored to subspecies status.	Fallow Deer
14200390	Dama dama subsp. dama	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		dama	dama		Dama	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.67						
14200391	Dama dama subsp. mesopotamica	Brooke 1875	SUBSPECIES		mesopotamica	dama		Dama	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200392	Elaphodus	Milne-Edwards 1872	GENUS					Elaphodus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, Bull. vol.7 p.93	Elaphodus cephalophus Milne-Edwards, 1872.	Lophotragus  Swinhoe, 1874.			For year of publication, see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1953).	
14200393	Elaphodus cephalophus	Milne-Edwards 1872	SPECIES			cephalophus		Elaphodus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, Bull. vol.7 p.93		fociensis Lydekker, 1904; ichangensis Lydekker, 1904; michianus (Swinhoe, 1874).	N Burma and S and C China (S Gansu to Yunnan).	IUCN  Data Deficient.	Fully described by Milne-Edwards, Rech. Hist. Nat. Mamm., Faune Tibet-Oriental, p. 356, pl.65-67 [1874].	Tufted Deer
14200394	Elaphodus cephalophus subsp. cephalophus	Milne-Edwards 1872	SUBSPECIES		cephalophus	cephalophus		Elaphodus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, Bull. vol.7 p.93						
14200395	Elaphodus cephalophus subsp. fociensis	Lydekker 1904	SUBSPECIES		fociensis	cephalophus		Elaphodus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200396	Elaphodus cephalophus subsp. ichangensis	Lydekker 1904	SUBSPECIES		ichangensis	cephalophus		Elaphodus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200397	Elaphodus cephalophus subsp. michianus	Swinhoe 1874	SUBSPECIES		michianus	cephalophus		Elaphodus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200398	Elaphurus	Milne-Edwards 1866	GENUS					Elaphurus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. (Paris) vol.5 p.382	Elaphurus davidianus Milne-Edwards, 1866.					
14200399	Elaphurus davidianus	Milne-Edwards 1866	SPECIES			davidianus		Elaphurus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool., ser. 5 vol.5 p.382		menziesianus (Sowerby, 1933); tarandoides (David, 1867).	Formerly NE China; extinct in wild since 3rd or 4th Century; now reintroduced to its former range, near Beijing and near Shanghai.	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Included in Elaphurus by Corbet (1978c:201); but see Van Gelder (1977b).	Père David's Deer
14200412	Muntiacus muntjak subsp. menglalis	Wang and Groves 1988	SUBSPECIES		menglalis	muntjak		Muntiacus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200413	Muntiacus muntjak subsp. montanus	Robinson and Kloss 1918	SUBSPECIES		montanus	muntjak		Muntiacus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200414	Muntiacus muntjak subsp. nigripes	G. M. Allen 1930	SUBSPECIES		nigripes	muntjak		Muntiacus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200400	Muntiacus	Rafinesque 1815	GENUS					Muntiacus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Analyse de la Nature p.56	Cervus muntjak Zimmermann, 1780.	Caninmuntiacus Giao, Tuoc, Eric, Dung et al. [sic], 1997; Cervulus de Blainville, 1816; Diopplon Brookes, 1828; Megamuntiacus Tuoc, Dung, Dawson, Arctander and Mackinnon, 1994; Muntjacus Gray, 1825 [nomen nudum]; Procops Pocock, 1923; Prox Ogilby, 1836; Stylocerus C. H. Smith, 1827.			Muntiacus Rafinesque is a nomen nudum, but was conserved by Opinion 460 (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1957b). Revised by Groves and Grubb (1990). Six new species named from 1982 through 1999. Megamuntiacus treated as a synonym of Muntiacus by Amato et al. (2000), Giao et al. (1998), and Schaller and Vrba (1996). Studies of mtDNA sequences by Wang and Lan (2000) suggested the following phylogeny: (reevesi, vuquangensis) (((feae) (gongshanensis, crinifrons)) (muntjac)), indicating Muntiacus would be paraphyletic if Megamuntiacus were regarded as valid.	
14200401	Muntiacus atherodes	Groves and Grubb 1982	SPECIES			atherodes		Muntiacus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Zool. Meded. Leiden vol.56 p.210			Borneo.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Formerly included in M. muntjak, or in a separate species, M. pleiharicus; see Chasen (1940:203); however pleiharicus is a synonym of muntjak; see Groves and Grubb (1982).	Bornean Yellow Muntjac
14200402	Muntiacus crinifrons	Sclater 1885	SPECIES			crinifrons		Muntiacus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1885 p.p. 1, pl. 1			E China (S Anhui, N Fujian, Jiangxi, and Zhejiang; not reliably recorded from Yunnan).	CITES  Appendix I; IUCN  Vulnerable.	Included in muntjak by Haltenorth (1963:42). Former presumed occurrence from Yunnan and Guangdong to Jaingsu (China) (Shou, 1962:454) may involve confusion with M. truongsongensis. Records from N Burma (Rabinowitz and Saw Tun Khaing, 1998; Rabinowitz et al., 1998) are probably based on M. gongshanensis. Differs radically from that species in karyotype (Yang et al., 1995, 1997).	Black Muntjac
14200403	Muntiacus feae	Thomas and Doria 1889	SPECIES			feae		Muntiacus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova vol.27 p.92		feai Grubb, 1977.	Peninsular Burma and Thailand; records from China are doubtful (SE Yunnan) or refer to M. gonghanensis (SE Tibet and W Yunnan).	U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Endangered; IUCN  Data Deficient.	Included in muntjak by Haltenorth (1963:42). For spelling of the species name feai, see Grubb (1977); but see Article 31.1.1. (International Code of Zoological Nomenclature; International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1999) for retention of original spelling feae.	Fea's Muntjac
14200404	Muntiacus gongshanensis	Ma 1990	SPECIES			gongshanensis		Muntiacus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	In Ma et al., Zool. Res. Kunming vol.11 p.47			N Burma and China (SE Tibet and W Yunnan).	IUCN  Data Deficient.	Identified in the literature as M. reevesi (Bailey, 1914, 1915; Dollman, 1932), M. feae (Groves and Grubb, 1990; Zhang et al, 1984), or M. crinifirons (Amato et al., 1999; Rabinowitz and Saw Tun Khaing, 1998; Rabinowitz et al., 1998), from which it differs in the structure of the chromosomes (Yang et al., 1995).	Gongshan Muntjac
14200471	Antilocapra americana subsp. oregona	V. Bailey 1932	SUBSPECIES		oregona	americana		Antilocapra	Antilocapridae	Artiodactyla							
14200472	Antilocapra americana subsp. peninsularis	Nelson 1912	SUBSPECIES		peninsularis	americana		Antilocapra	Antilocapridae	Artiodactyla							
14200405	Muntiacus muntjak	Zimmermann 1780	SPECIES			muntjak		Muntiacus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Geogr. Gesch. Mensch. Vierf. Thiere vol.2 p.131		bancanus Lyon, 1907; hamatus (de Blainville, 1816); moschatus (de Blainville, 1816); moschus (Desmarest, 1822); muntjac (Gmelin, 1788); muntjuc (Link, 1795); nainggolani Sody, 1932; peninsulae Lydekker, 1915; pleiharicus (Kohlbrugge, 1896); robinsoni Lydekker, 1915; rubidus Lyon, 1911; subcornutus (de Blainville, 1816); typicus (Ward, 1910); annamensis Kloss, 1928; aureus (C. H. Smith, 1826); albipes (Wagner, 1844); tamulicus (Gray, 1872); curvostylis (Gray, 1872); grandicornis (Lydekker, 1904); guangdongensis Li and Xu, 1996; malabaricus Lydekker, 1915; menglalis Wang and Groves, 1988; montanus Robinson and Kloss, 1918; nigripes G.M. Allen, 1930; vaginalis (Boddaert, 1785); melas (Ogilby, 1840); muntjacus (Kelaart, 1852); ratva (Sundevall, 1846); ratwa (Hodgson, 1833); styloceros (Schinz, 1845); yunnanensis Ma and Wang, 1988.	Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma, Cambodia, S China (S Tibet and Yunnan to Guangdong), India, Laos, peninsular Malaya, Nepal, NE Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, and Sunda Isls (Sumatra, Borneo, Java, Bali, Lombok, and many smaller Indonesian islands).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes pleiharicus, listed as a distinct species by Chasen (1940:203), and vaginalis. Haltenorth (1963:40) included reevesi, feae, rooseveltorum and crinifrons. Distinctive differences in karyotype between single peninsular Malayan specimen (2N = 8) and other mainland populations (2n = 6 or 7) suggest possible division between Malesian and Continental semispecies (Groves and Grubb, 1987). Groves (2003) treated the Continental vaginalis (including subspecies aureus, malabaricus and others) as a species separate from muntjak.	Red Muntjac
14200406	Muntiacus muntjak subsp. muntjak	Zimmermann 1780	SUBSPECIES		muntjak	muntjak		Muntiacus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Geogr. Gesch. Mensch. Vierf. Thiere vol.2 p.131						
14200407	Muntiacus muntjak subsp. annamensis	Kloss 1928	SUBSPECIES		annamensis	muntjak		Muntiacus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200408	Muntiacus muntjak subsp. aureus	C. H. Smith 1826	SUBSPECIES		aureus	muntjak		Muntiacus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200409	Muntiacus muntjak subsp. curvostylis	Gray 1872	SUBSPECIES		curvostylis	muntjak		Muntiacus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200410	Muntiacus muntjak subsp. guangdongensis	Li and Xu 1996	SUBSPECIES		guangdongensis	muntjak		Muntiacus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200411	Muntiacus muntjak subsp. malabaricus	Lydekker 1915	SUBSPECIES		malabaricus	muntjak		Muntiacus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200415	Muntiacus muntjak subsp. vaginalis	Boddaert 1785	SUBSPECIES		vaginalis	muntjak		Muntiacus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200416	Muntiacus muntjak subsp. yunnanensis	Ma and Wang 1988	SUBSPECIES		yunnanensis	muntjak		Muntiacus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200417	Muntiacus puhoatensis	Trai 1997	SPECIES			puhoatensis		Muntiacus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	InChau, Vietnam Economic News vol.47 p.46			Known only from the type locality.		Systematic status uncertain.	Puhoat Muntjac
14200418	Muntiacus putaoensis	Amato, Egan and Rabinowitz 1999	SPECIES			putaoensis		Muntiacus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Anim. Conserv. vol.2 p.4			N Burma.		Names putaoensis and puhoatensis refer to localities in Burma and Vietnam respectively.	Leaf Deer
14200419	Muntiacus reevesi	Ogilby 1838 "1839"	SPECIES			reevesi		Muntiacus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1838 p.105		bridgemani (Lydekker, 1910); lachrymans (Milne-Edwards 1871); pingshiangicus (Hilzheimer, 1906); sclateri (Swinhoe, 1873); sinensis (Hilzheimer, 1903); teesdalei Lydekker, 1915; jiangkouensis Gu and Zu, 1998; micrurus (Sclater, 1875).	SE China (S Gansu to Yunnan) and Taiwan; introduced to England (successfully) and France (no longer present).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Included in muntjak by Haltenorth (1963:42); but see Corbet (1978c:199).	Reeves' Muntjac
14200420	Muntiacus reevesi subsp. reevesi	Ogilby 1838 "1839"	SUBSPECIES		reevesi	reevesi		Muntiacus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1838 p.105						
14200422	Muntiacus reevesi subsp. micrurus	Sclater 1875	SUBSPECIES		micrurus	reevesi		Muntiacus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200423	Muntiacus rooseveltorum	Osgood 1932	SPECIES			rooseveltorum		Muntiacus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Field. Mus. Publ. Zool. vol.18 p.232			Known from the type locality, ca. 31°30'N, 102°00'E. Recently recorded from the Annamite Mtns in N Laos at 19°49'N, 103°45'E and observed in captivity at Lak Sao, N Laos, 18°20'N, 106°00'E (Amato et al., 1999).	IUCN  Data Deficient as M. feae rooseveltorum.	Included in M. feae by Groves and Grubb (1990) but now known to differ.	Roosevelt Muntjac
14200473	Antilocapra americana subsp. sonoriensis	Goldman 1945	SUBSPECIES		sonoriensis	americana		Antilocapra	Antilocapridae	Artiodactyla							
14200474	Giraffidae	Gray 1821	FAMILY						Giraffidae	Artiodactyla	London Med. Repos. vol.15 p.307		Camelopardalina Bonaparte, 1837; Camelopardina Gray, 1825; Okapinae Bohlin, 1926; Palaeotragini Pilgrim, 1911.			Placement of this family follows Janis and Scott (1987). According to McKenna and Bell (1997) there are two subfamilies, Giraffinae and the wholly extinct Sivatheriinae. Giraffini includes Giraffa; Palaeotragini includes Okapia.	
14200424	Muntiacus truongsonensis	Giao, Tuoc, Eric, Dung et al. [sic; apparently Giao, Tuoc, Dung, Wikramanayake, Amato, Arctander and Mackinnon] 1997	SPECIES			truongsonensis		Muntiacus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	InHa, Vietnam Economic News vol.38 p.46		napensis Tobias, 1997 [nomen nudum].	Upland forest in S Laos and C Vietnam; possibly S China (including SE Yunnan).	IUCN  Not Evaluated, Data Deficient DSG recommended, as Truong Son muntjac.	First described as Caninmuntiacus truongsonensis Giao, Tuoc, Eric [Wikramanayake], Dung et al., in Ha (1997). Later named as Muntiacus truongsonensis Giao, Tuoc, Dung, Wikramanayake, Amato, Arctander and Mackinnon, 1998. These authors named a holotype, though technically it is probably a lectotype. The earlier publication satisfies the requirements for availability and the authorship appears to be correctly attributable to Giao et al. (Articles 9 and 10 and Article 50.1.1, respectively, International Code of Zoological Nomenclature; International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1999). Known distribution discussed by Groves and Schaller (2000). A skin attributed to M. feae from SE Yunnan (Sokolov, 1957) may represent this species; presumed occurrence of M. crinifrons in Yunnan and Guangdong to Jaingsu (Shou, 1962:454) may also refer to M. truongsonensis.	Annamite Muntjac
14200425	Muntiacus vuquangensis	Tuoc, Dung, Dawson, Arctander and Mackinnon 1994	SPECIES			vuquangensis		Muntiacus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Science and Technology news. Forest Inventory and Planning Institue (Hanoi) p.5			Upland forest in Laos and Vietnam.	CITES  Appendix I as Megamuntiacus vuquanghensis [sic]. Locally relatively abundant but its restriction to upland forests suggests it should be classified as Potentially At Risk (Duckworth et al. 1993).	Distribution and status in Laos reviewed by Timmins et al (1998). Placed in genus Muntiacus by Amato et al. (2000), Giao et al (1998), and Schaller and Vrba (1996).	Large-antlered Muntjac
14200426	Przewalskium	Flerov 1930	GENUS					Przewalskium	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	C. R. Acad. Sci. URSS p.115	Cervus albirostris Przewalski, 1883.					
14200427	Przewalskium albirostris	Przewalski 1883	SPECIES			albirostris		Przewalskium	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Third Journey in Central Asia p.124		dybowskii  (Sclater, 1889); sellatus (Przewalski, 1883); thoroldi (Blanford, 1893).	China (Gansu, Sichuan, E Tibet including Qinghai, and N Yunnan).	IUCN  Vulnerable as C. albirostris.		White-lipped Deer
14200428	Rucervus	Hodgson 1838	GENUS					Rucervus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Ann. Nat. Hist. vol.1 p.154	Cervus elaphoides Hodgson, 1835 (= Cervus duvaucelii G. Cuvier, 1823).	Panolia Gray, 1843; Procervus Hodgson, 1847; Thaocervus Pocock, 1943.				
14200429	Rucervus duvaucelii	G. Cuvier 1823	SPECIES			duvaucelii		Rucervus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Rech. Oss. Foss., Nouv. ed. vol.4 p.505		bahrainja (Hodgson, 1834) [nomen nudum]; dimorphe (Hodgson, 1843); duvaucelli (Sundevall, 1846); elaphoides (Hodgson, 1835); euceros (Gray, 1850); eucladoceros (Falconer, 1868); euryceros (Gray, 1850); smithii (Gray, 1837); branderi Pocock, 1943; ranjitsinhi (Groves, 1982).	N and C India, SW Nepal; extinct in Pakistan.	CITES  Appendix I as Cervus duvaucelii; U.S. ESA  Endangered as C. duvauceli [sic]; IUCN  Critically Endangered as Cervus duvauceli ranjitsinhi, Endangered as C. d. branderi, Vulnerable as C. d. duvauceli.	Revised by Groves (1982b).	Barasingha
14200430	Rucervus duvaucelii subsp. duvaucelii	G. Cuvier 1823	SUBSPECIES		duvaucelii	duvaucelii		Rucervus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Rech. Oss. Foss., Nouv. ed. vol.4 p.505						
14200431	Rucervus duvaucelii subsp. branderi	Pocock 1943	SUBSPECIES		branderi	duvaucelii		Rucervus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200432	Rucervus duvaucelii subsp. ranjitsinhi	Groves 1982	SUBSPECIES		ranjitsinhi	duvaucelii		Rucervus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200433	Rucervus eldii	M'Clelland 1842	SPECIES			eldii		Rucervus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. vol.2 p.417, pl. 12		acuticauda (Blyth, 1864); acuticornis (Gray, 1843); cornipes (Lydekker, 1901); frontalis (M'Clelland, 1843); lyratus (Schinz, 1845); typicus (Lydekker, 1898); siamensis (Lydekker, 1915); hainanus Thomas, 1918; platyceros (Gray, 1843) [preoccupied]; thamin Thomas, 1918; brucei Thomas, 1918.	Burma, Cambodia, China (Hainan Isl), N India (Manipur), Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam; now much reduced in numbers in several of these countries.	CITES  Appendix I as Cervus eldii; U.S. ESA  Endangered as C. eldi [sic]; IUCN  Critically Endangered as Cervus eldii eldii, Lower Risk (nt) as C. e. thamin, Data Deficient as C. e. siamensis.	Phylogeography studies support the recognition of three subspecies (Balakrishnan et al., 2003).	Eld's Deer
14200434	Rucervus eldii subsp. eldii	M'Clelland 1842	SUBSPECIES		eldii	eldii		Rucervus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. vol.2 p.417, pl. 12						
14200435	Rucervus eldii subsp. siamensis	Lydekker 1915	SUBSPECIES		siamensis	eldii		Rucervus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200436	Rucervus eldii subsp. thamin	Thomas 1918	SUBSPECIES		thamin	eldii		Rucervus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200475	Giraffa	Brisson 1762	GENUS					Giraffa	Giraffidae	Artiodactyla	Regn. Anim., 2nd ed. p.12, 37	Cervus camelopardalis Linnaeus, 1758.	Camelopardalis von Schreber, 1784; Orasius Oken, 1816; Trachelotherium Gistel, 1848.			Brisson (1762) is rejected for nomenclatural purposes (and see Hopwood, 1947) but Giraffa Brisson, 1762 has been conserved (Opinion 1894, International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1998).	
14200437	Rucervus schomburgki	Blyth 1863	SPECIES			schomburgki		Rucervus	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1863 p.155			Thailand (extinct), China (Yunnan), and possibly in N Laos.	IUCN  Extinct (but see below).	Included in duvaucelii by Haltenorth (1963:58) and Groves (1982b); but treated as a full species by Lekagul and McNeely (1977). Last Thailand specimen killed in 1932 (Harper, 1945); one record from Sanda Valley, Yunnan (Bentham, 1908; Sclater, 1891); present status in Yunnan unknown; recently observed antlers suggest another population may survive in N Laos (Schroering, 1995, and in litt.).	Schomburgk's Deer
14200438	Rusa	C. H. Smith 1827	GENUS					Rusa	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	In Griffith et al., Anim. Kingdom vol.4 p.105	Cervus unicolor Kerr, 1792.	Hippelaphus Sundevall, 1846; Melanaxis Heude, 1888; Sambur Heude, 1888; Ussa Heude, 1888.			Assumption that this is a monophyletic group has been challenged by Randi et al. (2001).	
14200439	Rusa alfredi	Sclater 1870	SPECIES			alfredi		Rusa	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1870 p.381		breviceps (Heude, 1888); cinerea (Heude, 1899); masbatensis (Heude, 1888).	Philippines (Panay and Negros Isls; formerly also Guimaras and possibly Siquijor but almost certainly not Bohol, Cebu or any other Isls according to W. Oliver, in litt.).	U.S. ESA and IUCN  Endangered as Cervus alfredi.	Included in R. marianna by Haltenorth (1963). Revised by Grubb and Groves (1983), where treated as a full species.	Visayan Spotted Deer
14200440	Rusa marianna	Desmarest 1822	SPECIES			marianna		Rusa	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Mammalogie, in Encycl. Meth. vol.2 p.436		ambrosiana (Heude, 1888); atheneensis (Heude, 1899); baryceros (Heude, 1899); boninensis (Lydekker, 1905); brachyceros (Heude, 1888); chrysotrichos (Heude, 1888); corteana (Heude, 1888); crassicornis (Heude, 1888); dailliardiana (Heude, 1888); elegans (Heude, 1888); elorzana (Heude, 1888); garciana (Heude, 1888); gonzalina (Heude, 1888); gorrichana (Heude, 1888); guevarana (Heude, 1888); guidoteana (Heude, 1888); hippolitiana (Heude, 1888); longicuspis (Heude, 1888); macariana (Heude, 1888); maraisiana (Heude, 1888); marzanina (Heude, 1888); michaelina (Heude, 1899); microdontus (Heude, 1888); nublana (Heude, 1888); philippina (C. H. Smith, 1827); ramosiana (Heude, 1888); rosariana (Heude, 1888); roxasiana (Heude, 1888); rubiginosa (Heude, 1888); spatharia (Heude, 1888); telesforiana (Heude, 1888); tuasonina (Heude, 1888); verzosana (Heude, 1888); vidalina (Heude, 1899); villemeriana (Heude, 1899); barandana (Heude, 1888); nigella Hollister, 1913; apoensis Sanborn, 1952; nigricans (Brooke, 1876); basilanensis (Heude, 1888); franciana (Heude, 1888); steerii (Elliot, 1896).	Philippines (Basilan, Catanduanes, Leyte, Luzon, Polillo, and Samar Isls, and possibly Bohol and other small Isls); introduced to Mariana, Caroline and Ogasawara (= Bonin) Isls (W Pacific Ocean).	IUCN  Data Deficient as Cervus mariannus.	Treated as a separate species from C. unicolor by Haltenorth (1963), and by Grubb and Groves (1983), who revised this taxon. Brought to Ogasawara Isls in late 18th to early 19th centuries by Spanish ships; extinct there by about 1925; reintroduced from Guam after World War II but do not now survive (Miura and Yoshihara, 2002).	Philippine Deer
14200441	Rusa marianna subsp. marianna	Desmarest 1822	SUBSPECIES		marianna	marianna		Rusa	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Mammalogie, in Encycl. Meth. vol.2 p.436						
14200443	Rusa marianna subsp. nigella	Hollister 1913	SUBSPECIES		nigella	marianna		Rusa	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200444	Rusa marianna subsp. nigricans	Brooke 1876	SUBSPECIES		nigricans	marianna		Rusa	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200445	Rusa timorensis	de Blainville 1822	SPECIES			timorensis		Rusa	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	J. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. Arts Paris vol.94 p.267		paradoxa Brehm, 1865; peronii (G. Cuvier, 1825); tavistocki (Lydekker, 1900); timoriensis (Müller and Schlegel, 1845); djonga Van Bemmel, 1949; floresiensis (Heude, 1896); sumbavana (Heude, 1896); macassaricus (Heude, 1896); celebensis (Rörig, 1896); menadensis (Heude, 1896); moluccensis (Quoy and Gaimard, 1830); buruensis (Heude, 1896); hoevelliana (Heude, 1896); renschi (Sody, 1932); russa (Müller and Schlegel, 1845); hippelaphus (G. Cuvier, 1825) [preoccupied]; hippolaphus (Schinz, 1845); javanica (Müller and Schlegel, 1845); laronesiotes Van Bemmel, 1949; lepida (Sundevall, 1846); tunjuc (Horsfield, 1830) [nomen nudum].	Indonesia, Sunda Isls; autochthonous on Bali, and Java; probably introduced in antiquity to Lesser Sunda Isls, Molucca Isls (including Buru and Seram), Sulawesi, and Timor; since 17th century, introduced to Borneo (Kalimantan; now extinct?), New Guinea, New Britain, Aru Isls, Mauritius, Comoro Isls, Madagascar (extinct?), Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia and small islands in Indonesia and off the coast of Australia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Revised by Van Bemmel (1949a). Includes tavistocki; see Grubb and Groves (1983).	Javan Rusa
14200446	Rusa timorensis subsp. timorensis	de Blainville 1822	SUBSPECIES		timorensis	timorensis		Rusa	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	J. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. Arts Paris vol.94 p.267						
14200447	Rusa timorensis subsp. djonga	Van Bemmel 1949	SUBSPECIES		djonga	timorensis		Rusa	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200448	Rusa timorensis subsp. floresiensis	Heude 1896	SUBSPECIES		floresiensis	timorensis		Rusa	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200449	Rusa timorensis subsp. macassaricus	Heude 1896	SUBSPECIES		macassaricus	timorensis		Rusa	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200450	Rusa timorensis subsp. moluccensis	Quoy and Gaimard 1830	SUBSPECIES		moluccensis	timorensis		Rusa	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200451	Rusa timorensis subsp. renschi	Sody 1932	SUBSPECIES		renschi	timorensis		Rusa	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200452	Rusa timorensis subsp. russa	Müller and Schlegel 1845	SUBSPECIES		russa	timorensis		Rusa	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200453	Rusa unicolor	Kerr 1792	SPECIES			unicolor		Rusa	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	In Linnaeus, Anim. Kingdom p.300		albicornis (Bechstein, 1799); aristotelis (G. Cuvier, 1823); bengalensis (Schinz, 1845); heterocerus (Hodgson, 1831); hippelaphus (C. H. Smith, 1827); jarai (Hodgson, 1831); leschenauldii (G. Cuvier, 1823); leschenaulti (Sundevall, 1846); major (Kerr, 1792); maxima (de Blainville, 1822); nepalensis (Hodgson, 1841); nigra (de Blainville, 1816); pennantii (Gray, 1843); tarai Hodgson, 1863 [nomen nudum]; typica (Lydekker, 1898); brookei (Hose, 1893); hamiltoniana (Heude, 1896); cambojensis (Gray, 1861); brachyrhina (Heude, 1888); colombertina (Heude, 1888); combalbertina (Heude, 1888); curvicornis (Heude, 1888); errardiana (Heude, 1888); joubertiana (Heude, 1888); latidens (Heude, 1888); lemeana (Heude, 1888); lignaria (Heude, 1888); longicornis (Heude, 1888); officialis (Heude, 1888); outreyana (Heude, 1888); planiceps (Heude, 1888); planidens (Heude, 1888); simonina (Heude, 1888); veruta (Heude, 1888); dejeani de Pousargues, 1896; equina (G. Cuvier, 1823); malaccensis (F. Cuvier, 1824); oceana (Chasen and Kloss, 1928); hainana (Xu, 1983); swinhoii (Sclater, 1862).	India and Sri Lanka east to S China (E Tibet and Sichuan to Yunnan; Hainan Isl) and Taiwan; south to Peninsular Malaysia, Sunda Isles (Sumatra, Borneo, Siberut, Sipora, and Pagi and Nias Isls); introduced to Australia and New Zealand.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subspecies from Groves and Grubb (1987).	Sambar
14200454	Rusa unicolor subsp. unicolor	Kerr 1792	SUBSPECIES		unicolor	unicolor		Rusa	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	In Linnaeus, Anim. Kingdom p.300						
14200455	Rusa unicolor subsp. brookei	Hose 1893	SUBSPECIES		brookei	unicolor		Rusa	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200456	Rusa unicolor subsp. cambojensis	Gray 1861	SUBSPECIES		cambojensis	unicolor		Rusa	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200457	Rusa unicolor subsp. dejeani	de Pousargues 1896	SUBSPECIES		dejeani	unicolor		Rusa	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200458	Rusa unicolor subsp. equina	G. Cuvier 1823	SUBSPECIES		equina	unicolor		Rusa	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200459	Rusa unicolor subsp. hainana	Xu 1983	SUBSPECIES		hainana	unicolor		Rusa	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200460	Rusa unicolor subsp. swinhoii	Sclater 1862	SUBSPECIES		swinhoii	unicolor		Rusa	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200461	Hydropotinae	Trouessart 1898	SUBFAMILY						Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Cat. Mamm. Viv. Foss., new ed. vol.fasc. 4 p.865					Affinities controversial; from cladistic analysis of skeletal characters, distanced from all other Cervidae by Gentry and Hooker (1988), making Cervidae paraphyletic if included; so perhaps to be placed in a different family; alternatively nested within Odocoileinae (= Capreolinae), close to Capreolus, by Randi et al. (1998), using mtDNA studies, and inferred to have lost antlers secondarily.	
14200550	Eudorcas thomsonii subsp. nasalis	Lönnberg 1908	SUBSPECIES		nasalis	thomsonii		Eudorcas	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200600	Madoqua kirkii subsp. hindei	Thomas 1902	SUBSPECIES		hindei	kirkii		Madoqua	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200462	Hydropotes	Swinhoe 1870	GENUS					Hydropotes	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Athenaeum vol.2208 p.264	Hydropotes inermis Swinhoe, 1870.	Hydrelaphus Lydekker, 1898.			Original description usually given as Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870:90 [publ. June, 1870], but McAllan and Bruce (1989) showed that publication in The Athenaeum was earlier (19 Feb. 1870).	
14200463	Hydropotes inermis	Swinhoe 1870	SPECIES			inermis		Hydropotes	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Athenaeum vol.2208 p.264		affinis Brooke, 1872; kreyenbergi Hilzheimer, 1905; argyropus Heude, 1884.	China (formerly from Liaoning to Guangxi including the lower Yangtze Basin) and Korea; introduced in England and France.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt) as H. i. inermis, Data Deficient as H. i. argyropus.	Original description usually given as Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870:89 [publ. June, 1870], but McAllan and Bruce (1989) showed that publication in the Athenaeum was earlier (19 Feb. 1870).	Chinese Water Deer
14200464	Hydropotes inermis subsp. inermis	Swinhoe 1870	SUBSPECIES		inermis	inermis		Hydropotes	Cervidae	Artiodactyla	Athenaeum vol.2208 p.264						
14200465	Hydropotes inermis subsp. argyropus	Heude 1884	SUBSPECIES		argyropus	inermis		Hydropotes	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200466	Antilocapridae	Gray 1866	FAMILY						Antilocapridae	Artiodactyla	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser 3 vol.18 p.325-326, 468						
14200467	Antilocapra	Ord 1818	GENUS					Antilocapra	Antilocapridae	Artiodactyla	J. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. Arts Paris vol.87 p.149	Antilope americana Ord, 1815.	Dicranocerus C. H. Smith, 1827.			Included in Bovidae by O'Gara and Matson (1975); but restored to separate family status by Janis and Scott (1987) and Soulounias (1988).	
14200468	Antilocapra americana	Ord 1815	SPECIES			americana		Antilocapra	Antilocapridae	Artiodactyla	In Guthrie, New Geogr., Hist. Coml. Grammar., Philadelphia, 2nd ed. vol.2 p.292, 308		anteflexa Gray, 1855; furcifer (C. H. Smith, 1821); palmata (C. H. Smith, 1821); mexicana Merriam, 1901; oregona V. Bailey, 1932; peninsularis Nelson, 1912; sonoriensis Goldman, 1945.	S Alberta and S Saskatchewan (Canada) south through W USA to Hidalgo, Baja California, W Sonora (Mexico). Introduced to Lanai Isl (Hawaiian Isls).	CITES  Appendix I (Mexican populations); U.S. ESA  Endangered as A. a. peninsularis and A. a. sonoriensis; IUCN  Critically Endangered as A. a. peninsularis, Endangered as A. a. sonoriensis, Lower Risk (cd) as A. a. mexicana, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by O'Gara (1978, Mammalian Species, 90).	Pronghorn
14200469	Antilocapra americana subsp. americana	Ord 1815	SUBSPECIES		americana	americana		Antilocapra	Antilocapridae	Artiodactyla	In Guthrie, New Geogr., Hist. Coml. Grammar., Philadelphia, 2nd ed. vol.2 p.292, 308						
14200470	Antilocapra americana subsp. mexicana	Merriam 1901	SUBSPECIES		mexicana	americana		Antilocapra	Antilocapridae	Artiodactyla							
14200476	Giraffa camelopardalis	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			camelopardalis		Giraffa	Giraffidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.66		aethiopica  (Ogilby, 1837) [nomen nudum]; aethiopica Sundevall, 1846; africana (Lacépède, 1799), antiquorum (Jardine, 1835); biturigum (Duvernoy, 1844); congoensis Lydekker, 1903; peralta Thomas, 1898; renatae Krumbiegel, 1971; reticulata Weinland, 1863 [suppressed]; senaariensis Trouessart, 1898; typica Bryden, 1899; reticulata De Winton, 1899; hagenbecki Knottnerus-Meyer, 1910; nigrescens Lydekker, 1911; rothschildi Lydekker, 1903; cottoni Lydekker, 1904; thornicrofti Lydekker, 1911; tippelskirchi Matschie, 1898; schillingsi Matschie, 1898; giraffa (von Schreber, 1784); angolensis Lydekker, 1903; australis (Swainson, 1835) [nomen nudum]; australis Rhoads, 1896 [suppressed]; capensis (Lesson, 1842); infumata Noack, 1908; maculata (Weinland, 1863); wardi Lydekker, 1904.	Disjunct; W and C Africa in Burkina Faso (vagrant), N Cameroon, Central African Republic, S Chad, NE Dem. Rep. Congo, Eritrea (extinct), W and S Ethiopia, Gambia (extinct), Kenya, Mali (extinct), SE Mauritania (extinct), Niger, Nigeria (extinct, now a vagrant), Senegal (extinct), S Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda; no reliable records from Ghana, Guinea, and Togo; may have occurred in Benin; introduced into Rwanda; S Africa in S Angola (extinct?), Botswana, Mozambique (extinct), Namibia, South Africa (originally mostly N of Orange River), Swaziland (extinct, reintroduced), Zambia (SW and Luangwa Valley), and Zimbabwe. Distribution now much restricted; in W Africa still present in Niger, and N Cameroon but extinct in Mali according to Ciofolo and Le Pendu (2002), apparently very recently; in southern Africa, now naturally distributed no farther south than N Namibia, Botswana and NE South Africa (E Limpopo and E Mpumalanga Provs.). Introduced beyond its former range in South Africa, including KwaZulu-Natal.	IUCN  Lower Risk (cd).	Subspecific synonymy modified from Ansell (1972:13). Reviewed by Dagg (1971, Mammalian Species, 5). Cotterill (2003a) listed thornicrofti as a species. The names reticulata Weinland, 1863 and australis Rhoads, 1896 have been suppressed, while reticulata De Winton, 1899 has been conserved (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1971a, 1979b), even though australis is probably a junior synonym of giraffa, not a senior synonym of reticulata De Winton.	Giraffe
14200477	Giraffa camelopardalis subsp. camelopardalis	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		camelopardalis	camelopardalis		Giraffa	Giraffidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.66						
14200478	Giraffa camelopardalis subsp. reticulata	De Winton 1899	SUBSPECIES		reticulata	camelopardalis		Giraffa	Giraffidae	Artiodactyla						See comments under species.	
14200479	Giraffa camelopardalis subsp. rothschildi	Lydekker 1903	SUBSPECIES		rothschildi	camelopardalis		Giraffa	Giraffidae	Artiodactyla							
14200480	Giraffa camelopardalis subsp. thornicrofti	Lydekker 1911	SUBSPECIES		thornicrofti	camelopardalis		Giraffa	Giraffidae	Artiodactyla							
14200481	Giraffa camelopardalis subsp. tippelskirchi	Matschie 1898	SUBSPECIES		tippelskirchi	camelopardalis		Giraffa	Giraffidae	Artiodactyla							
14200482	Giraffa camelopardalis subsp. giraffa	von Schreber 1784	SUBSPECIES		giraffa	camelopardalis		Giraffa	Giraffidae	Artiodactyla							
14200483	Okapia	Lankester 1901	GENUS					Okapia	Giraffidae	Artiodactyla	Nature vol.64 p.24	Equus johnstoni P. L. Sclater, 1901.					
14200566	Gazella dorcas subsp. isabella	Gray 1846	SUBSPECIES		isabella	dorcas		Gazella	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200484	Okapia johnstoni	P. L. Sclater 1901	SPECIES			johnstoni		Okapia	Giraffidae	Artiodactyla	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1901 1 p.50		erikssoni Lankester, 1902; kibalensis Gatti, 1936; liebrechtsi Forsyth Major, 1902; tigrinum (Johnston, 1901).	N and E Dem. Rep. Congo.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).		Okapi
14200485	Bovidae	Gray 1821	FAMILY						Bovidae	Artiodactyla	London Med. Repos. vol.15 p.308					Distribution and status of introduced populations reviewed by Lever (1985). Distribution and status of African species reviewed by East (1988, 1989, 1990) and East et al. (1999). Systematics of African species reviewed by Ansell (1972) and Gentry (1972). Family-group names reviewed by Grubb (2001b). Evidence is accumulating that all Bovidae other than Bovinae constitute a monophyletic clade (Hassanin and Douzery, 1999a; Kingdon, 1982; Vrba and Schaller, 2000). Within this section of Bovidae some conventional subfamilies are probably paraphyletic if not polyphyletic and until monophyletic clades are defined and downgraded into tribes, Aepycerotinae, Alcelaphinae, Antilopinae, Caprinae, Cephalophinae, Hippotraginae, and Reduncinae are retained here as subfamilies. The synonymy of the following names remains undecided: Ixalus Ogilby, 1836, Adenota mengesi Neumann, 1900, Antilope mazama C. H. Smith, 1821, Antilope koba Erxleben, 1777, Antilope t... [truncated]	
14200486	Aepycerotinae	Gray 1872	SUBFAMILY						Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Cat. Ruminant Mamm. Brit. Mus. p.4, 42						
14200487	Aepyceros	Sundevall 1845 "1847"	GENUS					Aepyceros	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Kongl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl. Stockholm vol.1845 p.271	Antilope melampus Lichtenstein, 1812.					
14200516	Damaliscus	Sclater and Thomas 1894	GENUS					Damaliscus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Book of Antelopes vol.1 part 1 p.3, 51	Antilope pygargus Pallas, 1767.	Damalis Gray, 1872 [preoccupied].			Placed in Alcelaphus by Van Gelder (1977b:18); but see also Vrba (1979) and Gentry (1990).	
14200547	Eudorcas rufina	Thomas 1894	SPECIES			rufina		Eudorcas	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1894 p.467		pallaryi (Pomel, 1895).	N Algeria.	Thought to have become extinct in 20th Century; see Corbet (1978c:210); IUCN  Extinct.		Red Gazelle
14200488	Aepyceros melampus	Lichtenstein 1812	SPECIES			melampus		Aepyceros	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Reisen Sudl. Africa vol.2 p.pl. 4 opp. p. 544		pallah (Gervais, 1841); typicus Thomas, 1893; johnstoni Thomas, 1893; holubi Lorenz, 1894; katangae Lönnberg, 1914; petersi Bocage, 1879; rendilis Lönnberg, 1912; suara Matschie, 1892.	S Angola, N and E Botswana, Burundi (extinct?), Dem. Rep. Congo (SE Shaba Prov.), Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, N Namibia, Rwanda, South Africa (North-West, Limpopo, and Mpumalanga Provs. and KwaZulu-Natal; formerly in N Northern Cape Prov.), Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda (marginally in NE and SW), Zambia, Zimbabwe.	U.S. ESA  Endangered as A. m. petersi; IUCN  Vulnerable as A. m. petersi, otherwise Lower Risk (cd).	Synonymy and inclusion of petersi follows Ansell (1972:57). Nersting and Arctander (2001) found petersi haplotypes to be strongly isolated from haplotypyes of populations in Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe and N Botswana. Cotterill (2003a) considered petersi to be an evolutionary species.	Impala
14200822	Ovis ammon subsp. nigrimontana	Severtzov 1873	SUBSPECIES		nigrimontana	ammon		Ovis	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200489	Aepyceros melampus subsp. melampus	Lichtenstein 1812	SUBSPECIES		melampus	melampus		Aepyceros	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Reisen Sudl. Africa vol.2 p.pl. 4 opp. p. 544						
14200490	Aepyceros melampus subsp. johnstoni	Thomas 1893	SUBSPECIES		johnstoni	melampus		Aepyceros	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200491	Aepyceros melampus subsp. katangae	Lönnberg 1914	SUBSPECIES		katangae	melampus		Aepyceros	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200492	Aepyceros melampus subsp. petersi	Bocage 1879	SUBSPECIES		petersi	melampus		Aepyceros	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200493	Aepyceros melampus subsp. rendilis	Lönnberg 1912	SUBSPECIES		rendilis	melampus		Aepyceros	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200494	Aepyceros melampus subsp. suara	Matschie 1892	SUBSPECIES		suara	melampus		Aepyceros	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200495	Alcelaphinae	Brooke 1876	SUBFAMILY						Bovidae	Artiodactyla	InWallace. Geog. Distr. Anim. p.224		Bubalidinae Sclater and Thomas, 1894 [unavailable]; Bubalinae Trouessart, 1898 [unavailable]; Bubalinae Trouessart, 1905 [unavailable]; Damalidae Brookes, 1828 [nomen oblitum ]; Damalidae Gray, 1872 [nomen oblitum]; Connochetidae Gray, 1872; Damaliscina Vrba, 1997.			Living genera assigned to two subtribes by Vrba (1997), Alcelaphini (including Alcelaphus, Beatragus, and Connochaetes) and Damaliscini (includes only Damaliscus), but retention of flehmen behavior, lost in Alcelaphus and Damaliscus (Estes, 1999), and karyology suggests Beatragus is sister group of Alcelaphus plus Damaliscus (Kumamoto et al., 1996; Robinson et al., 1991).	
14200496	Alcelaphus	de Blainville 1816	GENUS					Alcelaphus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris vol.1816 p.75	Antilope bubalis Pallas, 1767 (= Antilope buselaphus Pallas, 1766).	Acronotus  C. H. Smith, 1827; Alcephalus Brooke, 1876; Bubalis Goldfuss, 1820; Bubalus Ogilby, 1837; Damalis C. H. Smith, 1827; Sigmoceros Heller, 1912.			Van Gelder (1977b) included Damaliscus in this genus, but has not been followed by recent authors; see Swanepoel et al. (1980:187). Phylogeographic studies (Arctander et al., 1999; Flagstad et al., 2001) suggest a tree of the following form: (A. lichtensteinii, A. caama)((A. buselaphus buselaphus, A. b. major)(A. b. tora, A. b. swaynei, A. b. cokii, A. b. lelwel)).	
14200497	Alcelaphus buselaphus	Pallas 1766	SPECIES			buselaphus		Alcelaphus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Misc. Zool. p.7		ambiguus (Pomel, 1894); boselaphus (Trouessart, 1898); bubalinus Flower and Lydekker, 1891; bubalis (Pallas, 1766); mauretanicus (Ogilby, 1837); montanus (Perry, 1811); cokii Günther, 1884; cokei Johnston, 1886; cookei (Noack, 1905); deckeni (Matschie and Zukowsky, 1916); oscari (Matschie and Zukowsky, 1916); sabakiensis (Zukowsky, 1913); schillingsi (Zukowsky, 1913); schulzi (Zukowsky, 1914); tanae (Matschie and Zukowsky, 1913); wembaerensis (Zukowsky, 1913); lelwel (Heuglin, 1877); heuglini (Millais, 1924); insignis (Thomas, 1904); jacksoni (Thomas, 1892); modestus (Schwarz, 1914); niediecki (Neumann, 1905); roosevelti (Heller, 1912); tschadensis (Schwarz, 1913); major (Blyth, 1869); invadens (Schwarz, 1914); luzarchei (G. Grandidier, 1914); matschiei (Schwarz, 1914); tunisianus (Gray, 1852); swaynei (P. L. Sclater, 1892); noacki (Neumann, 1905); tora Gray, 1873; <u>names based on hybrids between lelwel and cokii, swaynei or tora</u>: digglei (Rothschild, 1913); keniae (Heller, 1913); kongoni (Heller, 1912); nakurae (Heller, 1912); neumanni (Rothschild, 1897); rahatensis (Neumann, 1906); ritchiei (Ruxton, 1926); rothschildi (Neumann, 1905).	In N Africa, now extinct but within historic times occurred in N Algeria, Libya (marginally), N Morocco, and Tunisia. In West and Equatorial Africa in Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, S Chad, Côte dIvoire, N Dem. Rep. Congo, N Eritrea, Ethiopia (outside highlands), Gambia (extinct or vagrant), Ghana, E Guinea Bissau, Guinea, S Kenya, S Mali, Niger (marginal in SW), Nigeria, Senegal, NW Somalia (extinct), S Sudan, N Tanzania, Togo, and Uganda. No authentic records from Sierra Leone (Grubb et al., 1998).	U.S. ESA  Endangered as A. b. swaynei and A. b. tora; IUCN  Extinct as A. b. buselaphus, Endangered as A. b. swaynei and A. b. tora, otherwise Lower Risk (cd).	More than one taxon is included among the syntypes of Antilope buselaphus Pallas, 1766, hence the designation of a lectotype was necessary. Six species recognised by earlier authors (buselaphus, cokii, lelwel, major, swaynei, tora) were all assigned to A. buselaphus once hybridization between some of them was recognised (Ruxton and Schwarz, 1929); caama later included (Ellerman et al., 1953:202); lichtensteinii has also been included (Haltenorth, 1963:102; Kingdon, 1997:429) but not by most workers. The species can be partitioned into nominate buselaphus division (including also major), lelwel division, and tora division (including also cokii and swaynei) on the basis of skull morphology, but cytochrome b and D-loop sequence data (Flagstad et al., 2000) suggest a close affinity between lelwel and tora divisions. Synonymy modified from Ansell (1972:53).	Hartebeest
14200498	Alcelaphus buselaphus subsp. buselaphus	Pallas 1766	SUBSPECIES		buselaphus	buselaphus		Alcelaphus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Misc. Zool. p.7						
14200499	Alcelaphus buselaphus subsp. cokii	Günther 1884	SUBSPECIES		cokii	buselaphus		Alcelaphus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200500	Alcelaphus buselaphus subsp. lelwel	Heuglin 1877	SUBSPECIES		lelwel	buselaphus		Alcelaphus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200501	Alcelaphus buselaphus subsp. major	Blyth 1869	SUBSPECIES		major	buselaphus		Alcelaphus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200502	Alcelaphus buselaphus subsp. swaynei	P. L. Sclater 1892	SUBSPECIES		swaynei	buselaphus		Alcelaphus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200503	Alcelaphus buselaphus subsp. tora	Gray 1873	SUBSPECIES		tora	buselaphus		Alcelaphus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200544	Eudorcas rufifrons subsp. kanuri	Schwarz 1914	SUBSPECIES		kanuri	rufifrons		Eudorcas	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200545	Eudorcas rufifrons subsp. laevipes	Sundevall 1847	SUBSPECIES		laevipes	rufifrons		Eudorcas	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200504	Alcelaphus caama	É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1803	SPECIES			caama		Alcelaphus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Cat. Mamm. Mus. Nation. Hist. Nat. p.269		cama (Bryden, 1899); dorcas (Sparrman, 1783) [unavailable]; evalensis (Monard, 1933); obscurus (Frechkop, 1937); selbornei (Lydekker, 1913); senegalensis (G. Cuvier, 1816).	S Angola, Botswana, Lesotho (extinct), Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland (introduced), and W Zimbabwe.	IUCN  Lower Risk (cd) as A. buselaphus caama.	Authorship and date of publication validated by Opinion 2005 of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (2002b). Alcelaphus buselaphus would be paraphyletic if A. caama were included, as the latter is the sister-species of A. lichtensteinii (Arctander et al., 1999; Flagstad et al., 2000).	Red Hartebeest
14200749	Tragelaphus strepsiceros subsp. burlacei	Ansell 1969	SUBSPECIES		burlacei	strepsiceros		Tragelaphus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200505	Alcelaphus lichtensteinii	Peters 1849	SPECIES			lichtensteinii		Alcelaphus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Spenerschen Zeitung vol.18 December, 1849 p.p. unknown; reprinted in 1912 in Gesellschaft Natuurforschender Freunde zu Berlin for 1839-59		bangae (Matschie and Zukowsky, 1916); basengae (Matschie and Zukowsky, 1910); basengae (Matschie and Zukowsky, 1916) [preoccupied]; dieseneri (Matschie and Zukowsky, 1925); frommi (Matschie and Zukowsky, 1918); gendagendae (Matschie and Zukowsky, 1925); godonga (Matschie and Zukowsky, 1916); godowiusi (Matschie and Zukowsky, 1925); gombensis (Matschie and Zukowsky, 1910); gorongozae (Matschie and Zukowsky, 1916); grotei (Matschie and Zukowsky, 1925); hennigi (Matschie and Zukowsky, 1925); heuferi (Matschie and Zukowsky, 1916); inkulanondo (Matschie and Zukowsky, 1916); janenschi (Matschie and Zukowsky, 1925); kangosa (Matschie and Zukowsky, 1918); konzi (Matschie and Zukowsky, 1916); lacrymalis (Matschie and Zukowsky, 1925); lademanni (Matschie and Zukowsky, 1916); leucoprymnus (Matschie, 1892); leupolti (Matschie and Zukowsky, 1916); lindicus (Matschie and Zukowsky, 1925); munzneri (Matschie and Zukowsky, 1918); niediecki (Matschie and Zukowsky, 1916); niedieckianus (Matschie and Zukowsky, 1916); petersi (Matschie and Zukowsky, 1918); prittwitzi (Matschie and Zukowsky, 1925); rendalli (Matschie and Zukowsky, 1925); rowumae (Matschie and Zukowsky, 1925); rukwae (Matschie and Zukowsky, 1910); saadanicus (Matschie and Zukowsky, 1925); schmitti (Matschie and Zukowsky, 1925); schusteri (Matschie and Zukowsky, 1925); senganus (Matschie and Zukowsky, 1916); shirensis (Matschie and Zukowsky, 1910); stierlingi (Matschie and Zukowsky, 1916); tendagurucus (Matschie and Zukowsky, 1925); ufipae (Matschie and Zukowsky, 1910); ugalae (Matschie and Zukowsky, 1910); ulangae (Matschie and Zukowsky, 1925); ungonicus (Matschie and Zukowsky, 1925); ungoniensis (Matschie and Zukowsky, 1925); uwendensis (Matschie and Zukowsky, 1918); wiesei (Matschie and Zukowsky, 1916); wintgensi (Matschie and Zukowsky, 1925).	E Angola, SE Dem. Rep. Congo, Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal and doubtfully Limpopo Prov.; extinct but reintroduced), Swaziland (extinct), Tanzania, Zambia, SE Zimbabwe.	IUCN  Lower Risk (cd).	Included in Alcelaphus buselaphus by Haltenorth (1963:102) and Kingdon (1997:429), but regarded as a distinct species by other authors and placed in a separate genus, Sigmoceros by Vrba (1979). Included in Alcelaphus by Gentry (1990).	Lichtenstein's Hartebeest
14200506	Beatragus	Heller 1912	GENUS					Beatragus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Smithsonian Misc. Coll. vol.60 8 p.8	Cobus hunteri P. L. Sclater, 1889.				Placed in Alcelaphus by Van Gelder (1977b:18); but see also Vrba (1979) and Gentry (1990).	
14200507	Beatragus hunteri	P. L. Sclater 1889	SPECIES			hunteri		Beatragus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1889 p.58			N Kenya, S Somalia. Introduced into Tsavo National Park, Kenya.	IUCN  Critically Endangered as Damaliscus hunteri.	Included in Damaliscus lunatus by Haltenorth (1963:100). Formerly in Beatragus; see Ansell (1972:54); retained in Beatragus by Gentry and Gentry (1978) and Gentry (1990). Differs from Damaliscus (and Alcelaphus) in independent fusions of formerly acrocentric chromosomes (Kumamoto et al., 1996).	Hunter's Hartebeest
14200508	Connochaetes	Lichtenstein 1812	GENUS					Connochaetes	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Mag. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin vol.6 p.152	Antilope gnu Gmelin, 1788 (= Antilope gnou Zimmermann, 1780).	Butragus  Gray, 1872; Catablepas Gray, 1821; Cemas Oken, 1816 [unavailble]; Gorgon Gray, 1850.				
14200567	Gazella dorcas subsp. massaesyla	Cabrera 1928	SUBSPECIES		massaesyla	dorcas		Gazella	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200509	Connochaetes gnou	Zimmermann 1780	SPECIES			gnou		Connochaetes	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Geogr. Gesch. Mensch. Vierf. Thiere vol.2 p.102		capensis  (Gatterer, 1780); connochaetes (Forster, 1844); gnou (Zimmermann, 1777) [unavailable]; gnu (Gmelin, 1788); operculatus (Brookes, 1828).	Formally W Lesotho, South Africa (E of 22<sup>o</sup>E in Karoo and grassveld vegetation types), and W Swaziland; now only in captivity, or as reintroduced populations in Lesotho, South Africa (including introductions beyond its former range), and Swaziland.	IUCN  Least Concern.	Reviewed by Von Richter (1974, Mammalian Species, 50). Catoblepas brookii C. H. Smith, 1827 is not a synonym but is based on a horn probably of the domestic cattle of Bornu (Lydekker, 1912).	Black Wildebeest
14200510	Connochaetes taurinus	Burchell 1824	SPECIES			taurinus		Connochaetes	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Travels in Interior of Southern Africa vol.2 p.278(footnote) [1824]		borlei Monard, 1933; corniculatus (Gray, 1872); fasciatus (Gray, 1872); gorgon (C. H. Smith, 1827); mattosi Blaine, 1925; reichei (Noack, 1893); albojubatus Thomas, 1892; hecki Neumann, 1905; cooksoni Blaine, 1914; johnstoni P.L. Sclater, 1896; rufijianus De Beaux, 1911; mearnsi (Heller, 1913); babaulti Kollman, 1919; henrici Zukowsky, 1913; lorenzi Zukowsky, 1913; schulzi Zukowsky, 1913.	Angola, Botswana, S Kenya, Malawi (extinct), Mozambique, Namibia, NE South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe.	IUCN  Lower Risk (cd).	For year of publication see Ellerman et al. (1953:205). Synonymy follows Ansell (1972:51). Status of babaulti discussed by Scoazec (1996). Cotterill (2003a) listed johnstoni and cooksoni as species.	Blue Wildebeest
14200511	Connochaetes taurinus subsp. taurinus	Burchell 1824	SUBSPECIES		taurinus	taurinus		Connochaetes	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Travels in Interior of Southern Africa vol.2 p.278(footnote) [1824]						
14200512	Connochaetes taurinus subsp. albojubatus	Thomas 1892	SUBSPECIES		albojubatus	taurinus		Connochaetes	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200513	Connochaetes taurinus subsp. cooksoni	Blaine 1914	SUBSPECIES		cooksoni	taurinus		Connochaetes	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200514	Connochaetes taurinus subsp. johnstoni	P. L. Sclater 1896	SUBSPECIES		johnstoni	taurinus		Connochaetes	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200515	Connochaetes taurinus subsp. mearnsi	Heller 1913	SUBSPECIES		mearnsi	taurinus		Connochaetes	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200528	Ammodorcas clarkei	Thomas 1891	SPECIES			clarkei		Ammodorcas	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.7 p.304			E Ethiopia and N Somalia.	U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Vulnerable.	Reviewed by Schomber (1964). Sometimes placed in a separate tribe, Ammodorcadini (e.g. Eastet al., 1999), the correct form of "Ammodorcini".	Dibatag
14200529	Antidorcas	Sundevall 1845 "1847"	GENUS					Antidorcas	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Kongl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl. Stockholm vol.1845 p.271	Antilope euchore J. R. Forster, 1790 (= Antilope marsupialis Zimmermann, 1780).					
14200517	Damaliscus korrigum	Ogilby 1836 "1837"	SPECIES			korrigum		Damaliscus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1836 p.103		corrigum H.C.V. Hunter, 1899; floweri Matschie, 1913; jonesi Lydekker, 1907; lyra Schwarz, 1914; purpurescens Blaine, 1914; senegalensis (Children, 1826) [preoccupied]; tiang (Heuglin, 1863); tiangriel (Heuglin, 1863); jimela (Matschie, 1892); eurus Blaine, 1914; phalius Cabrera, 1911; selousi Lydekker, 1907; ugandae Blaine, 1914; topi Blaine, 1914.	West and Equatorial Africa in N Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, N Cameroon, N Central African Republic, Chad, Dem. Rep. Congo (Rwindi-Rutshuru plain only), W Ethiopia, Gambia, N Ghana, Guinea-Bisau, Kenya, Mali, S Mauritania, S Niger, N Nigeria, Ruanda, Senegal, S Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda. Former occurrence in Guinea unconfirmed. Now extinct in Burundi, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Mauritania, and Senegal.	CITES  Appendix III (Ghana); IUCN  Vulnerable as D. lunatus korrigum, Lower Risk (cd) as D. l. jimela and D. l. topi, Lower Risk (nt) as D. l. tiang,	The vernacular name "Topi" applies to both jimela and topi, while the Korrigum or Tiang is korrigum. Synonymy modified from Ansell (1972:56).	Topi
14200518	Damaliscus korrigum subsp. korrigum	Ogilby 1836 "1837"	SUBSPECIES		korrigum	korrigum		Damaliscus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1836 p.103						See comments under species.
14200519	Damaliscus korrigum subsp. jimela	Matschie 1892	SUBSPECIES		jimela	korrigum		Damaliscus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							See comments under species.
14200520	Damaliscus korrigum subsp. topi	Blaine 1914	SUBSPECIES		topi	korrigum		Damaliscus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							See comments under species.
14200568	Gazella dorcas subsp. osiris	Blaine 1913	SUBSPECIES		osiris	dorcas		Gazella	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200569	Gazella dorcas subsp. pelzelnii	Kohl 1886	SUBSPECIES		pelzelnii	dorcas		Gazella	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200616	Nanger granti subsp. notata	Thomas 1897	SUBSPECIES		notata	granti		Nanger	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200617	Nanger granti subsp. petersii	Günther 1884	SUBSPECIES		petersii	granti		Nanger	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200521	Damaliscus lunatus	Burchell 1824	SPECIES			lunatus		Damaliscus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Travels in Interior of Southern Africa vol.2 p.334		reclinis Matschie, 1912.	Southern Africa in E Angola, N Botswana, Mozambique (extinct), NE Namibia, South Africa (extinct in Northern Cape, North-West, and Mpumalanga Provs., and N KwaZulu-Natal; survives in E Limpopo Prov.; reintroduced within former range), Swaziland (extinct; reintroduced), E and C Zambia, and Zimbabwe.	IUCN  Lower Risk (cd).	For date of publication see Ellerman et al. (1953:201), who included korrigum in this species. Cotterill (2003c) separated a Zambian population as a separate species and also regarded korrigum as a separate species.	Common Tsessebe
14200522	Damaliscus pygargus	Pallas 1767	SPECIES			pygargus		Damaliscus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Spicil. Zool. vol.1 p.10		albifrons (Burchell, 1823); dorcas (Pallas, 1766) [preoccupied]; phillipsi Harper, 1939.	Bontebok sensu stricto (D. p. pygargus) only in South Africa (Western Cape Prov.); Blesbok (D. p. phillipsi) formerly in SW Lesotho, South Africa (Northern Cape Prov. E of 23<sup>o</sup>E, Eastern Cape Prov., Free State, North-West Prov., Gautung, Mpumalanga, and NW and W KwaZulu-Natal), and Swaziland; now only in captivity, or as reintroduced populations in Lesotho, South Africa, and Swaziland. Introduced on private land in Botswana, Namibia, and Zimbabwe (East, 1999).	CITES  Appendix II as D. pygargus pygargus; and U.S. ESA  Endangered as D. pygarus [sic] (= dorcas) dorcas; IUCN  Vulnerable as D. p. pygargus, Least Concern as D. p. phillipsi.	The name Bontebok usually applies to D. p. pygargus, while D. d. phillipsi is the Blesbok. Includes phillipsi and albifrons; see Ansell (1972:55). Includes dorcas, a junior secondary homonym; pygargus is the valid name; see Rookmaaker (1991).	Bontebok (see comments).
14200523	Damaliscus pygargus subsp. pygargus	Pallas 1767	SUBSPECIES		pygargus	pygargus		Damaliscus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Spicil. Zool. vol.1 p.10						Bontebok
14200524	Damaliscus pygargus subsp. phillipsi	Harper 1939	SUBSPECIES		phillipsi	pygargus		Damaliscus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							Blesbok
14200525	Damaliscus superstes	Cotterill 2003	SPECIES			superstes		Damaliscus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Durban Mus. Novit. vol.28 p.20			Southern Bangweulu Flats in NE Zambia and extinct in Katanga Pedicle of Dem. Rep. Congo.			Bangweulu Tsessebe
14200526	Antilopinae	Gray 1821	SUBFAMILY						Bovidae	Artiodactyla	London Med. Repos. vol.15 p.307		Ammodorcini Haltenorth, 1962; Antidorcatinae Knottnerus-Meyer, 1907; Dorcatragini Haltenorth, 1963; Eudorcatinae Knottnerus-Meyer, 1907; Gacellidae Knottnerus-Meyer, 1907 [unavailable]; Gazellae Haeckel, 1866; Litocraniidae Knottnerus-Meyer, 1907; Madoquinae Pocock, 1910; Neotragini Sclater and Thomas, 1894; Nesotragidae Gray, 1872 [nomen oblitum ]; Oreotraginae Pocock, 1910; Procaprinae Knottnerus-Meyer, 1907; Raphicerinae Knottnerus-Meyer, 1907; Rhynchotraginae Roosevelt and Heller, 1914			Antilopini includes Ammodorcas, Antidorcas, Antilope, Eudorcas, Gazella, Litocranius, Nanger, Procapra, and Saiga; Neotragini includes Dorcatragus, Madoqua, Neotragus, Oreotragus, Ourebia, and Raphicerus. Neotragini probably paraphyletic if not polyphyletic; Oreotragus and Neotragus distant from other genera, associated with Cephalophus or Aepyceros, respectively, in molecular phylogenies, according to Hassanin and Douzery (1999b) and Matthee and Davis (2001). The latter regarded Antidorcas, Gazella, Litocranius, Madoqua, Ourebia and Raphicerus as members of a clade. Possibly Oreotragus and Neotragus to be excluded from Neotragini and remaining neotragine genera placed in Gazellini. Antilope, Eudorcas, Gazella, and Nanger may form a clade within Antilopini, sharing translocation of autosome to X chromosome, while within this clade, relationships suggest Gazella sensu stricto ... [truncated]	
14200527	Ammodorcas	Thomas 1891	GENUS					Ammodorcas	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1891 p.207, pl. 21, 22	Cervicapra clarkei Thomas, 1891.				Sister taxon of Litocranius; see Groves (1997c) but not Groves (2000b).	
14200546	Eudorcas rufifrons subsp. tilonura	Heuglin 1869	SUBSPECIES		tilonura	rufifrons		Eudorcas	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200530	Antidorcas marsupialis	Zimmermann 1780	SPECIES			marsupialis		Antidorcas	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Geogr. Gesch. Mensch. Vierf. Thiere vol.2 p.427		centralis Lydekker and Blaine, 1914; dorsata (Daudin in Buffon, 1802); euchore (J. R. Forster, 1790); pygargus (Thunberg, 1788); saccata (Boddaert, 1785); saliens (Daudin in Buffon, 1802); saltans (Kerr, 1792); angolensis Blaine, 1922; hofmeyri Thomas, 1926.	SW Angola, Botswana, Namibia, and South Africa (range here now much reduced).	IUCN  Lower Risk (cd).	Revised by Groves (1981b). Assigned to a separate tribe, Antidorcini by Kingdon (1997), correctly Antidorcadini.	Springbok
14200531	Antidorcas marsupialis subsp. marsupialis	Zimmermann 1780	SUBSPECIES		marsupialis	marsupialis		Antidorcas	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Geogr. Gesch. Mensch. Vierf. Thiere vol.2 p.427						
14200532	Antidorcas marsupialis subsp. angolensis	Blaine 1922	SUBSPECIES		angolensis	marsupialis		Antidorcas	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200533	Antidorcas marsupialis subsp. hofmeyri	Thomas 1926	SUBSPECIES		hofmeyri	marsupialis		Antidorcas	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200534	Antilope	Pallas 1766	GENUS					Antilope	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Misc. Zool. p.1	Capra cervicapra Linnaeus, 1758.	Antelopa Perry, 1811; Antelope Forster, 1790; Cervicapra Sparrman, 1780.				
14200597	Madoqua kirkii subsp. kirkii	Günther 1880	SUBSPECIES		kirkii	kirkii		Madoqua	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1880 p.17						
14200535	Antilope cervicapra	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			cervicapra		Antilope	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.69		bezoartica (Gray, 1843); bilineata (Gray, 1830); hagenbecki Zukowsky, 1927; rupicapra Müller, 1776; strepsiceros (Oken, 1816); rajputanae Zukowsky, 1927; centralis Zukowsky, 1928.	Bangladesh (extinct), India (Punjab south to Madras and east to Bihar; formerly up to Assam; now localized), Nepal (Terai; now very localized), and E Pakistan (extinct but vagrants occur); introduced to Texas (USA), and Argentina.	CITES  Appendix III (Nepal); IUCN  Near Threatened.	Revised by Groves (1982c).	Blackbuck
14200536	Antilope cervicapra subsp. cervicapra	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		cervicapra	cervicapra		Antilope	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.69						
14200537	Antilope cervicapra subsp. rajputanae	Zukowsky 1927	SUBSPECIES		rajputanae	cervicapra		Antilope	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200538	Dorcatragus	Noack 1894	GENUS					Dorcatragus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Zool. Anz. vol.17 p.202	Oreotragus megalotis Menges, 1894.	Dorcotragus P. L. Sclater and Thomas, 1898.				
14200539	Dorcatragus megalotis	Menges 1894	SPECIES			megalotis		Dorcatragus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Zool. Anz. vol.17 p.130			Djibouti, NE Ethiopia (Marmar Mtns only), and N Somalia.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Present occurrence in Djibouti established by Künzel and Künzel (1998).	Beira
14200540	Eudorcas	Fitzinger 1869	GENUS					Eudorcas	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Sitzb. K. K. Akad. Wiss., Wien, math.-nat. Cl. vol.59 sect. 1 p.159	Gazella laevipes Sundevall, 1847 (= Gazella rufifrons Gray, 1846).	Korin Sclater and Thomas, 1898.			Eudorcashas been treated as a full genus as a result of cladistic analysis by Groves (2000b); may be sister taxon of Nanger, as shares translocation of an autosome to the Y chromosome (Vassart et al., 1995); genetically distinct according to Rebholz and Harley (1999).	
14200541	Eudorcas rufifrons	Gray 1846	SPECIES			rufifrons		Eudorcas	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.18 p.214		senegalensis Fitzinger, 1869; typica (Ward, 1910); albonotata (W. Rothschild, 1903); albonota Roosevelt and Heller, 1915; kanuri (Schwarz, 1914); centralis (Schwarz, 1914); laevipes (Sundevall, 1847); hasleri (Pocock, 1912); salmi (Lorenz, 1906); tilonura (Heuglin, 1869); melanura (Heuglin, 1863) [preoccupied].	Burkino Faso, N Cameroon, N Central African Republic, Chad, N Eritrea, Ethiopia (NW and Omo valley in SW), N Ghana (probably extinct), S Mali, S Mauritania, S Niger, N Nigeria, N Senegal, Sudan, and N Togo. Possibly occurred in Benin; possibly formerly a rare vagrant in The Gambia.	IUCN  Vulnerable as G. rufifrons and G. rufifrons tilonura, Lower Risk (nt) as G. thomsonii albonotatus.	Haltenorth (1963:112) excluded tilonura but Gentry (1972:90) provided evidence to include it. Revised as subspecies of Gazella cuvieri (Groves, 1969a), though later separated from cuvieri (Groves 1975a). Skull and horn proportions associate albonotata with rufifrons rather than thomsonii.	Red-fronted Gazelle
14200542	Eudorcas rufifrons subsp. rufifrons	Gray 1846	SUBSPECIES		rufifrons	rufifrons		Eudorcas	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.18 p.214						
14200543	Eudorcas rufifrons subsp. albonotata	W. Rothschild 1903	SUBSPECIES		albonotata	rufifrons		Eudorcas	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200562	Gazella cuvieri	Ogilby 1840 "1841"	SPECIES			cuvieri		Gazella	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1840 p.35		cineraceus Temminck, 1853; corinna Lacépède and Cuvier, 1804 [preoccupied]; kevella Tristram, 1860; vera Gray, 1850.	Morocco, N Algeria, Tunisia. No reliable record from Libya.	CITES  Appendix III (Tunisia); U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Endangered.	Assigned to G. gazella by Haltenorth (1963:111); but a distinct species according to Groves (1969a).	Cuvier's Gazelle
14200933	Sylvicapra grimmia subsp. splendidula	Gray 1891	SUBSPECIES		splendidula	grimmia		Sylvicapra	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200548	Eudorcas thomsonii	Günther 1884	SPECIES			thomsonii		Eudorcas	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5 vol.14 p.427		arushae Zukowsky, 1914; bergeri Knottnerus-Meyer, 1910; bergerinae Zukowsky, 1914; macrocephala Zukowsky, 1914; manyarae Knottnerus-Meyer, 1910; marwitzi Zukowsky, 1914; ndjiriensis Knottnerus-Meyer, 1910; sabakiensis Knottnerus-Meyer, 1910; schillingsi Knottnerus-Meyer, 1910; wembaerensis Knottnerus-Meyer, 1910; nasalis (Lönnberg, 1908); baringoensis Knottnerus-Meyer, 1910; behni Zukowsky, 1914; biedermanni Knottnerus-Meyer, 1910; dieseneri Zukowsky, 1914; dongilanensis Zukowsky, 1914; langheldi Knottnerus-Meyer, 1910; mundorosica Knottnerus-Meyer, 1910; nakuroensis Knottnerus-Meyer, 1910; ruwanae Knottnerus-Meyer, 1910; seringetica Zukowsky, 1914.	S and C Kenya, N Tanzania.	IUCN  Lower Risk (cd).	Revised by Brooks (1961). Groves (1969a) included thomsonii in Gazella cuvieri; but Gentry (1972:88, 90-91) gave reasons for rejecting this classification. Groves (1985a, 1988) and Rebholz and Harley (1999) included thomsonii in E. rufifrons but Gentry (1964) presented evidence to show they are distinct.	Thomson's Gazelle
14200549	Eudorcas thomsonii subsp. thomsonii	Günther 1884	SUBSPECIES		thomsonii	thomsonii		Eudorcas	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5 vol.14 p.427						
14200551	Gazella	de Blainville 1816	GENUS					Gazella	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris vol.1816 p.75	Capra dorcas Linnaeus, 1758.	Dorcas Gray, 1821; Leptoceros Wagner, 1844; Trachelocele Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; Tragops Hodgson, 1847; Tragopsis Fitzinger, 1869.			Revised by Groves (1969a), who recognised Trachelocele as a subgenus for G. subgutturosa only. Since then, Eudorcas has been revived (Groves, 2000b) and G. cuvieri, G. leptoceros, and G. subgutturosa have been recognised as a clade (G. subgutturosa group) distinct from G. dorcas and G. erlangeri in sharing 11 unique centric fusions of the autosomes (Vassart et al. 1995) and having similar mitochondrial genes (Rebholz and Harley, 1999). Trachelocele may seem redundant but Gazella may be paraphyletic, as the subgutturosa group could be a sister taxon of Antilope, sharing two unique centric fusions (Vassart et al. 1995), suggesting the possible need to revive Trachelocele. The other species of Gazella may be divided into two groups. In the dorcas group, G. dorcas and G. erlangeri share 9 unique homologous centric fusions, G. spekei is similar t... [truncated]	
14200552	Gazella arabica	Lichenstein 1827	SPECIES			arabica		Gazella	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Darst. Säugeth. p.pl. 6 and associated unpaginated text		bilkis  Groves and Lay, 1985.	Saudi Arabia (Farasan Isls; extinct) and Yemen (mountains near Ta'izz; possibly extinct).	IUCN  Extinct as G. arabica and G. bilkis.	Treated as a separate species from G. gazella by Groves (1985a). Nominate subspecies known from only two specimens; see Groves (1983); even if formerly present on Farasan Isls, now replaced there by G. gazella farasani; see Thouless and Al Bassri (1991). Status of bilkis (known from five specimens collected in 1951) reviewed by Greth et al (1993); treated as a subspecies of arabica by Groves (1997c); type locality is Yemen, Wadi Maleh 5 mi (8 km) east of Ta'izz, El Hauban.	Arabian Gazelle
14200553	Gazella arabica subsp. arabica	Lichenstein 1827	SUBSPECIES		arabica	arabica		Gazella	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Darst. Säugeth. p.pl. 6 and associated unpaginated text					Known from only two specimens; see Groves (1983); even if formerly present on Farasan Isls, now replaced there by G. gazella farasani; see Thouless and Al Bassri (1991).	
14200554	Gazella arabica subsp. bilkis	Groves and Lay 1985	SUBSPECIES		bilkis	arabica		Gazella	Bovidae	Artiodactyla						Status of bilkis (known from five specimens collected in 1951) reviewed by Greth et al (1993).	
14200555	Gazella bennettii	Sykes 1830-1831 "1831"	SPECIES			bennettii		Gazella	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1830-1831 p.104		hazenna (I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1843); christii Blyth, 1842; christyi Lydekker, 1914; fuscifrons Blanford, 1873; hayi Lydekker, 1911; kennioni Lydekker, 1908; karamii Groves, 1993; salinarum Groves, 2003; shikarii Groves, 1993.	S Afghanistan, Iran, India, and Pakistan.	IUCN  Least Concern.	A species distinct from G. gazella according to Furley et al. (1988) and Groves (1985a, 1988). Revised by Groves (2003).	Indian Gazelle
14200556	Gazella bennettii subsp. bennettii	Sykes 1830-1831 "1831"	SUBSPECIES		bennettii	bennettii		Gazella	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1830-1831 p.104						
14200557	Gazella bennettii subsp. christii	Blyth 1842	SUBSPECIES		christii	bennettii		Gazella	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200558	Gazella bennettii subsp. fuscifrons	Blanford 1873	SUBSPECIES		fuscifrons	bennettii		Gazella	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200559	Gazella bennettii subsp. karamii	Groves 1993	SUBSPECIES		karamii	bennettii		Gazella	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200560	Gazella bennettii subsp. salinarum	Groves 2003	SUBSPECIES		salinarum	bennettii		Gazella	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200561	Gazella bennettii subsp. shikarii	Groves 1993	SUBSPECIES		shikarii	bennettii		Gazella	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200563	Gazella dorcas	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			dorcas		Gazella	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.69		corinna (Pallas, 1766); kevella (Pallas, 1766); sundevalli Fitzinger, 1869; beccarii De Beaux, 1931; isabella Gray, 1846; isidis (Sundevall, 1847); littoralis Blaine, 1913; rueppelli Neumann, 1906; massaesyla Cabrera, 1928; cabrerai Joleaud, 1929; maculata (Oken, 1816) [unavailable]; osiris Blaine, 1913; neglecta Lavauden, 1926; pelzelnii Kohl, 1886.	Algeria, N Burkina Faso, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, N Ethiopia, S Israel, W Jordan, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, N Nigeria (vagrant), Senegal (seasonal; reintroduced), N Somalia, N Sudan, and Tunisia.	CITES  Appendix III (Tunisia); U.S. ESA  Endangered as G. d. massaesyla and G. d. pelzelni (sic); IUCN  Vulnerable as G. dorcas, not evaluated as G. d. pelzelnii.	Revised by Groves (1981c), reviewed by Ferguson (1981) and Yom-Tov et al. (1995, Mammalian Species, 491). Includes pelzelnii; see Gentry (1972:89); Haltenorth (1963:112) regarded it as a separate species. Due to differences in spelling Gazella dorcas massaesyla Cabrera, 1928 is not preoccupied by Antilope (Dorcas) massoessilia Pomel, 1895 = Gazella (or Nanger) atlantica Bourguignat, 1870.	Dorcas Gazelle
14200564	Gazella dorcas subsp. dorcas	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		dorcas	dorcas		Gazella	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.69						
14200565	Gazella dorcas subsp. beccarii	De Beaux 1931	SUBSPECIES		beccarii	dorcas		Gazella	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200570	Gazella erlangeri	Neumann 1906	SPECIES			erlangeri		Gazella	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Sitzber. Ges. Nat. Freunde vol.1906 p.244			W Saudi Arabia and W Yemen.	In need of evaluation.	Morphologically distinct from G. gazella; distribution records intervene between those of G. g. cora suggesting sympatry or parapatry, at least in the past (Groves, 1996a); treated as a separate species by Groves (1997c).	Neumann's Gazelle
14200571	Gazella gazella	Pallas 1766	SPECIES			gazella		Gazella	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Misc. Zool. p.7		merilli Thomas, 1904; acaciae Mendelssohn, Groves and Shalmon, 1997; cora (C. H. Smith, 1827); hanishi Dollman, 1927; typica Ward, 1910; darehshourii Karami and Groves, 1993; farasani Thoulless and Al Basari, 1991; muscatensis Brooke, 1874.	Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Oman, Saudi Arabia, W Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen; introduced to Farur Isl (Iran, Persian Gulf) and Farasan Isls (Saudi Arabia, Red Sea). Marginal occurrence in Sinai Peninsula (Egypt) based on old sightings only; not known to occur there now.	U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Critically Endangered as G. g. acaciae and G. g. muscatensis, Endangered as G. g. gazella, otherwise Vulnerable as G. gazella, G. g. cora and G. g. farasini.	Reviewed by Mendelssohn et al. (1995, Mammalian Species, 490), revised by Groves (1996a). Subspecies darehshourii and farasani apparently based on introduced populations. Captive population in King Khalid Wildlife Research Center, Thumamah, Saudi Arabia may represent an undescribed subspecies (Groves, 1996a, 1997c).	Mountain Gazelle
14200572	Gazella gazella subsp. gazella	Pallas 1766	SUBSPECIES		gazella	gazella		Gazella	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Misc. Zool. p.7						
14200573	Gazella gazella subsp. acaciae	Mendelssohn, Groves and Shalmon 1997	SUBSPECIES		acaciae	gazella		Gazella	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200574	Gazella gazella subsp. cora	C. H. Smith 1827	SUBSPECIES		cora	gazella		Gazella	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200575	Gazella gazella subsp. darehshourii	Karami and Groves 1993	SUBSPECIES		darehshourii	gazella		Gazella	Bovidae	Artiodactyla						See comments under species.	
14200576	Gazella gazella subsp. farasani	Thoulless and Al Basari 1991	SUBSPECIES		farasani	gazella		Gazella	Bovidae	Artiodactyla						See comments under species.	
14200577	Gazella gazella subsp. muscatensis	Brooke 1874	SUBSPECIES		muscatensis	gazella		Gazella	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200592	Madoqua	Ogilby 1836 "1837"	GENUS					Madoqua	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1836 p.137	Antilope saltiana Desmarest, 1816.	Rhynchotragus Neumann, 1905.			Includes Rhynchotragus; see Ansell (1972:61). Comprises two species-groups, saltiana or nominate Madoqua group, including also piacentinii (revised by Yalden 1978); and kirkii or Rhynchotragus group, including also guentheri.	
14200720	Taurotragus oryx subsp. pattersonianus	Lydekker 1906	SUBSPECIES		pattersonianus	oryx		Taurotragus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200747	Tragelaphus strepsiceros subsp. strepsiceros	Pallas 1766	SUBSPECIES		strepsiceros	strepsiceros		Tragelaphus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Misc. Zool. p.9						
14200578	Gazella leptoceros	F. Cuvier 1842	SPECIES			leptoceros		Gazella	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	In É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mammifères vol.7 part 72 p."Antilope aux longues cornes", p. 2, pls. 373, 374		abuharab  (Fitzinger, 1869); cuvieri (Fitzinger, 1869); typica P. L. Sclater and Thomas, 1898; loderi Thomas, 1894.	Algeria, S Tunisia, Libya, NW Egypt, Niger (Air Massif), and N Chad; apparently Mali and Sudan, though material evidence is lacking; not recorded from Mauritania.	CITES  Appendix III (Tunisia); U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Endangered.	Status reviewed by East (1988) and Mallon and Kingswood (2001).	Slender-horned Gazelle
14200579	Gazella leptoceros subsp. leptoceros	F. Cuvier 1842	SUBSPECIES		leptoceros	leptoceros		Gazella	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	In É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mammifères vol.7 part 72 p."Antilope aux longues cornes", p. 2, pls. 373, 374						
14200580	Gazella leptoceros subsp. loderi	Thomas 1894	SUBSPECIES		loderi	leptoceros		Gazella	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200581	Gazella saudiya	Carruthers and Schwarz 1935	SPECIES			saudiya		Gazella	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1935 p.155			Formerly Saudi Arabia and Yemen; one record dubiously from Kuwait; single reported specimen from S Iraq is G. subgutturosa marica (Mallon and Kingswood, 2001); extinct in the wild.	U.S. ESA  Endangered as G. dorcas saudiya; IUCN  Extinct in the Wild.	A species distinct from G. dorcas according to Groves (1988). Status reviewed by Mallon and Kingswood (2001).	Saudi Gazelle
14200582	Gazella spekei	Blyth 1863	SPECIES			spekei		Gazella	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Cat. Mamm. Mus. Asiat. Soc. Calcutta p.172			Somalia, E Ethiopia.	IUCN  Vulnerable.		Speke's Gazelle
14200598	Madoqua kirkii subsp. cavendishi	Thomas 1898	SUBSPECIES		cavendishi	kirkii		Madoqua	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200599	Madoqua kirkii subsp. damarensis	Günther 1880	SUBSPECIES		damarensis	kirkii		Madoqua	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200583	Gazella subgutturosa	Guldenstaedt 1778 "1780"	SPECIES			subgutturosa		Gazella	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Acta Acad. Sci. Petropoli for 1778 vol.1 p.251		gracilicornis Stroganov, 1956; persica (Gray, 1843); seistanica Lydekker, 1910; typica Lydekker, 1900; hillieriana Heude, 1894; mongolica Heude, 1894; reginae Adlerberg, 1931; sairensis Lydekker, 1900; marica Thomas, 1897; yarkandensis Blanford, 1875.	Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, China (Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Sinkiang, N Tibet), SE Georgia (extinct), Iran, Iraq, E Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait (extinct), Kyrgyztan (extinct?), Mongolia, Oman, WC Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tajikistan, SE Turkey, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, and Yemen (possibly extinct).	U.S. ESA  Endangered as G. s. marica; IUCN  Vulnerable as G. s. marica, otherwise Near Threatened.	The type locality may once have been within the boundaries of Persia (Iran) (Heptner et al., 1961) but does not lie within its modern limits. Revised by Groves (1969a). Reviewed by Kingswood and Blank (1996, Mammalian Species, 518).	Goitered Gazelle
14200584	Gazella subgutturosa subsp. subgutturosa	Guldenstaedt 1778 "1780"	SUBSPECIES		subgutturosa	subgutturosa		Gazella	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Acta Acad. Sci. Petropoli for 1778 vol.1 p.251						
14200585	Gazella subgutturosa subsp. hillieriana	Heude 1894	SUBSPECIES		hillieriana	subgutturosa		Gazella	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200586	Gazella subgutturosa subsp. marica	Thomas 1897	SUBSPECIES		marica	subgutturosa		Gazella	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200587	Gazella subgutturosa subsp. yarkandensis	Blanford 1875	SUBSPECIES		yarkandensis	subgutturosa		Gazella	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200588	Litocranius	Kohl 1886	GENUS					Litocranius	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Ann. K. K. Naturhist. Hofmus. Wien vol.1 p.79	Gazella walleri Brooke, 1879.	Lithocranius Thomas, 1891.			Revised by Schomber (1963) and Grubb (2002). Sister taxon of Ammodorcas according to Groves (1997c) but not Groves (2000b).	
14200589	Litocranius walleri	Brooke 1878 "1879"	SPECIES			walleri		Litocranius	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1878 p.929, pl. 56		sclateri Neumann, 1988.	E Ethiopia, Somalia, Kenya, NE Tanzania.	IUCN  Lower Risk (cd).		Gerenuk
14200590	Litocranius walleri subsp. walleri	Brooke 1878 "1879"	SUBSPECIES		walleri	walleri		Litocranius	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1878 p.929, pl. 56						
14200591	Litocranius walleri subsp. sclateri	Neumann 1988	SUBSPECIES		sclateri	walleri		Litocranius	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200638	Ourebia	Laurillard 1842	GENUS					Ourebia	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	In d'Orbigny, Dict. Univ. D'Hist. Nat. vol.1 p.622	Antilope scoparia von Schreber, 1799 (= Antilope ourebi Zimmermann, 1783).	Oribia Kirby, 1899; Quadriscopa Fitzinger, 1869; Qurebia Moore, 1947; Scopophorus Gray, 1846.				
14200593	Madoqua guentheri	Thomas 1894	SPECIES			guentheri		Madoqua	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1894 p.324		smithii  Thomas, 1901; hodsoni (Pocock, 1926); nasoguttatus Lönnberg, 1907; wroughtoni (Drake-Brockman, 1909).	S Ethiopia, N Kenya, S and C Somalia, SE Sudan, NE Uganda.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Synonymy modified from Ansell (1972:63-64) and review by Kingswood and Kumamato (1996, Mammalian Species, 539).	Günther's Dikdik
14200594	Madoqua guentheri subsp. guentheri	Thomas 1894	SUBSPECIES		guentheri	guentheri		Madoqua	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1894 p.324						
14200595	Madoqua guentheri subsp. smithii	Thomas 1901	SUBSPECIES		smithii	guentheri		Madoqua	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200596	Madoqua kirkii	Günther 1880	SPECIES			kirkii		Madoqua	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1880 p.17		minor Lönnberg, 1912; cavendishi Thomas, 1898; langi J.A. Allen, 1909; thomasi (Neumann, 1905); damarensis (Günther, 1880); hemprichianus (Jentink, 1887); variani (Drake-Brockman, 1913); hindei Thomas, 1902; nyikae (Heller, 1913).	Kenya, N and C Tanzania, and S Somalia in East Africa; SW Angola and Namibia in Southern Africa.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Synonymy modified from Ansell (1972:64) who included cavendishi, damarensis, and thomasi; and from review by Kingswood and Kumamoto (1997, Mammalian Species, 569). Specimens whose karyology was studied by Ryder et al. (1989) and Kumamoto et al. (1994) may really represent three or more species, M. kirkii sensu stricto or M. hindei, M. cavendishi and M. damarensis. Regarded as four evolutionary species (M. kirkii, M. cavendishi, M. thomasi, and M. damarensis) by Cotterill (2003b), but thomasi grades into cavendishi and is not a separate taxon.	Kirk's Dikdik
14200601	Madoqua piacentinii	Drake-Brockman 1911	SPECIES			piacentinii		Madoqua	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1911 p.981			E Somalia.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Included in swaynei by Ansell (1972:62) but a distinct species according to Yalden (1978:262).	Piacentini's Dikdik
14200602	Madoqua saltiana	de Blainville 1816	SPECIES			saltiana		Madoqua	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris vol.1816 p.79		cordeauxi Drake-Brockman, 1909; hemprichiana (Ehrenberg, 1832); hemprichii (Rüppell, 1835); madoka (C. H. Smith, 1827); madoqua (Waterhouse, 1838); hararensis Neumann, 1905; lawrancei Drake-Brockman, 1926; phillipsi Thomas, 1894; gubanensis Drake-Brockman, 1909; swaynei (Thomas, 1894); citernii (De Beaux, 1922); erlangeri Neumann, 1905.	Djibouti, Eritrea, N Ethiopia, NE Sudan, Somalia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	The author of the name is usually cited as Desmarest, 1816 (Nouv. Dict. Nat., Nouv. ed., 2:192), who however acknowledged de Blainville's paper and cited the page number where saltiana was named, confirming de Blainville is the author. Smaller species of dikdik were revised by Ansell (1972:62-63) who recognised M. saltiana (including cordeauxi), M. swaynei (including hararensis and piacentinii), and M. phillipsi (including erlangeri, gubanensis, and lawrancei). Revised by Yalden (1978) who synonymised several subspecies and included all these taxa in M. saltiana except for piacentinii, which was treated as a distinct species. Regarded as five evolutionary species (M. saltiana, M. hararensis, M. lawrancei, M. phillipsi and M. swaynei) by Cotterill (2003b).	Salt's Dikdik
14200603	Madoqua saltiana subsp. saltiana	de Blainville 1816	SUBSPECIES		saltiana	saltiana		Madoqua	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris vol.1816 p.79						
14200604	Madoqua saltiana subsp. hararensis	Neumann 1905	SUBSPECIES		hararensis	saltiana		Madoqua	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200605	Madoqua saltiana subsp. lawrancei	Drake-Brockman 1926	SUBSPECIES		lawrancei	saltiana		Madoqua	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200606	Madoqua saltiana subsp. phillipsi	Thomas 1894	SUBSPECIES		phillipsi	saltiana		Madoqua	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200607	Madoqua saltiana subsp. swaynei	Thomas 1894	SUBSPECIES		swaynei	saltiana		Madoqua	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200608	Nanger	Lataste 1885	GENUS					Nanger	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux vol.39 p.183	Antilope mhorr Bennett, 1833 (= Antilope dama Pallas, 1766).	Matschiea Knottnerus-Meyer, 1907.			Status as a full genus restored by Groves (2000b). May be sister taxon of Eudorcas, as shares translocation of autosome to Y chromosome; Nanger species share 9 unique centric fusions (Vassart et al., 1995) and are genetically distinct (Rebholz and Harley, 1999).	
14200718	Taurotragus oryx subsp. oryx	Pallas 1766	SUBSPECIES		oryx	oryx		Taurotragus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Misc. Zool. p.9						
14200609	Nanger dama	Pallas 1766	SPECIES			dama		Nanger	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Misc. Zool. p.5		damergouensis (W. Rothschild, 1921); nanguer (Bennett, 1833); occidentalis (Sundevall, 1847); permista (Neumann, 1906); reducta (K. Heller, 1907); weidholzi (Zimara, 1935); mhorr (Bennett, 1833); lazoni (Gentry, 1972); lozanoi (Morales Agacino, 1934); mhoks (Lesson, 1836); mohr Gray, 1846; ruficollis (C. H. Smith, 1827); addra (Bennett, 1833); orientalis (Sundevall, 1847).	S and W Algeria, N Burkina Faso, Chad, Egypt (one Recent record from Western Desert), S Mali, S Mauritania (extinct), Morocco, S Niger, N Nigeria (extinct?), N Senegal (extinct but reintroduced), N Sudan (W of Nile), Tunisia.	CITES  Appendix I as Gazella dama; U.S. ESA  Endangered as G. d. lozanoi and G. d. mhorr, otherwise Proposed Endangered as G. dama; IUCN  Endangered as G. dama.	Revised by Andreae and Krumbiegel (1976), who retained lozanoi and permista (includes reducta) as separate subspecies, and Cano Perez (1984), who reduced them to synonymy. Wirth (1984) defended the status of these two subspecies. Status reviewed by Mallon and Kingswood (2001).	Dama Gazelle
14200610	Nanger dama subsp. dama	Pallas 1766	SUBSPECIES		dama	dama		Nanger	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Misc. Zool. p.5						
14200611	Nanger dama subsp. mhorr	Bennett 1833	SUBSPECIES		mhorr	dama		Nanger	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200612	Nanger dama subsp. ruficollis	C. H. Smith 1827	SUBSPECIES		ruficollis	dama		Nanger	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200613	Nanger granti	Brooke 1872	SPECIES			granti		Nanger	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1872 p.602		roosevelti (Heller, 1913); brighti (Thomas, 1901); lacuum (Neumann, 1906); raineyi (Heller, 1913); notata (Thomas, 1897); petersii (Günther, 1884); gelidjiensis (Noack, 1887); serengetae (Heller, 1913); robertsi (Thomas, 1903).	S Ethiopia, Kenya, S Somalia, SE Sudan, NE Uganda, and N Tanzania.	IUCN  Lower Risk (cd) as Gazella granti.	Subspecies recognised follow Arctander et al (1995), and Grubb (1994, 2000b).	Grant's Gazelle
14200614	Nanger granti subsp. granti	Brooke 1872	SUBSPECIES		granti	granti		Nanger	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1872 p.602						
14200615	Nanger granti subsp. brighti	Thomas 1901	SUBSPECIES		brighti	granti		Nanger	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200618	Nanger granti subsp. robertsi	Thomas 1903	SUBSPECIES		robertsi	granti		Nanger	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200619	Nanger soemmerringii	Cretzschmar 1828	SPECIES			soemmerringii		Nanger	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	In Rüppell, Atlas Reise Nordl. Afr., Zool. Säugeth. p.p. 49, pl. 19		casanovae (Matschie, 1912); erlangeri (Matschie, 1912); sibyllae (Matschie, 1912); typica (P. L. Sclater and Thomas, 1898); berberana (Matschie, 1893); butteri (Thomas, 1904).	N Somalia, Eritrea, Ethiopia, EC Sudan.	IUCN  Vulnerable as Gazella soemmerringii.	Synonymy modified from G. M. Allen (1939) and Gentry (1972). Year of publication is usually cited as 1826, but 1828 according to J. E. Hill (ms notes based on Anon., 1829:1291-1292)	Soemmerring's Gazelle
14200620	Nanger soemmerringii subsp. soemmerringii	Cretzschmar 1828	SUBSPECIES		soemmerringii	soemmerringii		Nanger	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	In Rüppell, Atlas Reise Nordl. Afr., Zool. Säugeth. p.p. 49, pl. 19						
14200621	Nanger soemmerringii subsp. berberana	Matschie 1893	SUBSPECIES		berberana	soemmerringii		Nanger	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200622	Nanger soemmerringii subsp. butteri	Thomas 1904	SUBSPECIES		butteri	soemmerringii		Nanger	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200623	Neotragus	C. H. Smith 1827	GENUS					Neotragus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	In Griffith et al., Anim. Kingdom vol.5 p.349	Capra pygmea Linnaeus, 1758.	Hylarnus Thomas, 1916; Memina Gray 1821 [preoccupied]; Meminna Agassiz, 1842; Minytragus Gloger, 1841 [nomen nudum]; Nanotragus Sundevall, 1846; Nesotragus Von Dueben, 1846; Spinigera Lesson, 1842; Tragulus Boddaert, 1785 [preoccupied]; Tragulus Ogilby, 1837.			Includes Nesotragus; see Ansell (1972:68). Neotragus distant from other Neotragine genera, according to Hassanin and Douzery (1999b) and Matthee and Davis (2001), and should perhaps be only member of Neotragini.	
14200624	Neotragus batesi	De Winton 1903	SPECIES			batesi		Neotragus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1903 1 p.192		harrisoni (Thomas, 1906).	Forest zone of SE Cameroon, E Dem. Rep. Congo, NE Gabon, SE Nigeria, N Republic of Congo, and W Uganda. Occurrence south of the Ogôoué River in Gabon not confirmed by material evidence.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Synonymy modified from Ansell (1972:68). Regarded as three evolutionary species (N. batesi, N. harrisoni, and N. "ogouensis" [nomen nudum]) by Cotterill (2003b).	Bates's Dwarf Antelope
14200719	Taurotragus oryx subsp. livingstonei	P. L. Sclater 1864	SUBSPECIES		livingstonei	oryx		Taurotragus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200625	Neotragus moschatus	Von Dueben 1846	SPECIES			moschatus		Neotragus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	In Sundevall, Ofv. K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Forhandl., Stockholm vol.3 7 p.221		zanzibaricus (Layard, 1861); deserticola (Heller, 1913); kirchenpaueri (Pagenstecher, 1885); akeleyi (Heller, 1913); livingstonianus (Kirk, 1865); livingstonei (Bryden, 1899); zuluensis (Thomas, 1898).	SE Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal, E Limpopo and E Mpumalanga Provs.), E Tanzania (including Zanzibar and Mafia Isls), NE Zimbabwe.	U.S. ESA  Endangered as N. m. moschatus; IUCN  Lower Risk (cd).	Includes livingstonianus (Ellerman et al., 1953). Revised by Grubb (1989) who recognised nominate moschatus division (including kirchenpaueri) and livingstonianus division (including zuluensis), differing in dimensions and separated by Zambezi River; representatives of these divisions (cf. akeleyi and zuluensis) differ in chromosome complement (2n = 52 and 56 respectively) (Kingswood et al., 1998a). Regarded as three evolutionary species (N. moschatus, N. livingsonianus, and N. zanzibaricus) by Cotterill (2003b), but zanzibaricus appears to be an objective synonym of moschatus.	Suni
14200626	Neotragus moschatus subsp. moschatus	Von Dueben 1846	SUBSPECIES		moschatus	moschatus		Neotragus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	In Sundevall, Ofv. K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Forhandl., Stockholm vol.3 7 p.221						
14200627	Neotragus moschatus subsp. kirchenpaueri	Pagenstecher 1885	SUBSPECIES		kirchenpaueri	moschatus		Neotragus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200628	Neotragus moschatus subsp. livingstonianus	Kirk 1865	SUBSPECIES		livingstonianus	moschatus		Neotragus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200629	Neotragus moschatus subsp. zuluensis	Thomas 1898	SUBSPECIES		zuluensis	moschatus		Neotragus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200630	Neotragus pygmaeus	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			pygmaeus		Neotragus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.69		perpusillus (Gray, 1851); pygmaeus (Pallas, 1777); pygmeus (Linnaeus, 1758) [incorrect original spelling]; regius (Erxleben, 1777); spinigera (Lesson, 1842).	Forest zone of Côte dIvoire, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Pallas (1767:6, 1777:18) recognised two different species, Tragulus pygmaeus = Neotragus pygmaeus (Linnaeus, 1758), misidentified as a tragulid, and Antilope pygmaea Pallas, 1777. Both have types that are royal antelopes and therefore are both homonyms and synonyms. Gmelin in Linnaeus (1788:173, 191) recognised the same two species as Moschus pygmaeus and Antilope pygmaea and Erxleben (1777:278) called them M. pygmaeus and A. regia, speculating that they may be female and male respectively of the same species.	Royal Antelope
14200631	Oreotragus	A. Smith 1834	GENUS					Oreotragus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	S. Afr. Quart. J. vol.2 p.212	Antilope oreotragus Zimmermann, 1783.	Oritragus Gloger, 1841.			Oreotragus distant from other Neotragine genera and associated with Cephalophus in molecular phylogenies, according to Hassanin and Douzery (1999b) and Matthee and Davis (2001). Not shown to share any synapomorphies with Cephalophus and perhaps should be restored to tribe Oreotragini.	
14200632	Oreotragus oreotragus	Zimmermann 1783	SPECIES			oreotragus		Oreotragus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Geogr. Gesch. Mensch. Vierf. Thiere vol.3 p.269		klippspringer (Daudin, 1802); saltator (Boddaert, 1785); typicus A. Smith, 1834; aceratos Noack, 1899; centralis Hinton, 1921; transvaalensis Roberts, 1917; saltatrixoides (Wagner, 1855); aureus Heller, 1913; hyatti Hinton, 1921; porteousi Lydekker, 1911; saltatricoides Neumann, 1902; saltatrixoides (Temminck, 1853) [nomen nudum]; schillingsi Neuman, 1902; somalicus Neumann, 1902; stevensoni Roberts, 1946; tyleri Hinton, 1921; cunenensis Zukowsky, 1924; steinhardti Zukowsky, 1924.	SW Angola, E Botswana, Burundi (extinct?), Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, C Nigeria, Central African Republic (NE and NW only), Dem. Rep. Congo (SE Shaba Prov. and formerly in western Rift Valley), Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, N Somalia, South Africa, Swaziland, NE and SE Sudan, Tanzania, NE and SW Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Former or present occurrence in Lesotho unconfirmed (Lynch, 1994).	IUCN Endangered as O. o. porteousi, otherwise Lower Risk (cd),	Systematics considerably modified from Ansell (1972:61). Kingdon (1982) synonymised aureus with schillngsi (here followed) and implied that stevensoni, transvaalensis and tyleri are synonymous with nominate oreotragus. Cotterill (2003b) recognised porteousi and schillingsi as evolutionary species.	Klipspringer
14200633	Oreotragus oreotragus subsp. oreotragus	Zimmermann 1783	SUBSPECIES		oreotragus	oreotragus		Oreotragus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Geogr. Gesch. Mensch. Vierf. Thiere vol.3 p.269						
14200634	Oreotragus oreotragus subsp. aceratos	Noack 1899	SUBSPECIES		aceratos	oreotragus		Oreotragus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200635	Oreotragus oreotragus subsp. saltatrixoides	Wagner 1855	SUBSPECIES		saltatrixoides	oreotragus		Oreotragus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200636	Oreotragus oreotragus subsp. stevensoni	Roberts 1946	SUBSPECIES		stevensoni	oreotragus		Oreotragus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200637	Oreotragus oreotragus subsp. tyleri	Hinton 1921	SUBSPECIES		tyleri	oreotragus		Oreotragus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200821	Ovis ammon subsp. karelini	Severtzov 1873	SUBSPECIES		karelini	ammon		Ovis	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200639	Ourebia ourebi	Zimmermann 1783	SPECIES			ourebi		Ourebia	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Geogr. Gesch. Mensch. Vierf. Thiere vol.3 p.268		grayi (Fitzinger, 1869); melanura (Bechstein, 1799); scoparia (von Schreber, 1836); dorcas Schwarz, 1914; splendida Schwarz, 1914; gallarum Blaine, 1913; haggardi (Thomas, 1895); hastata (Peters, 1852); kenyae Meinertzhagen 1905; masakensis Lönnberg and Gyldenstolpe, 1925; pitmani Ruxton, 1926; montana (Cretzschmar, 1826); aequatoria Heller, 1912; brevicaudata (Rüppell, 1835); cottoni Thomas and Wroughton, 1908; goslingi Thomas and Wroughton, 1907; microdon Hollister, 1910; ugandae De Beaux, 1921; quadriscopa (C. H. Smith, 1827); nigricaudata (Brookes, 1873); smithii (Fitzinger, 1869); rutila Blaine, 1922; leucopus Monard, 1930.	Angola, Benin, N Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi (extinct?), Cameroon, Central African Republic, S Chad, N Côte dIvoire, N and SE Dem. Rep. Congo, N Eritrea, W Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, S Mali, Mozambique, SW Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, S Senegal, N Sierra Leone, S Somalia, E South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe.	IUCN  Extinct as O. o. keniae, Vulnerable as O. o. haggardi, otherwise Lower Risk (cd).	Synonymy modified from Ansell (1972:66). Cotterill (2003b) regarded haggardi and perhaps hastata as evolutionary species.	Oribi
14200640	Ourebia ourebi subsp. ourebi	Zimmermann 1783	SUBSPECIES		ourebi	ourebi		Ourebia	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Geogr. Gesch. Mensch. Vierf. Thiere vol.3 p.268						
14200641	Ourebia ourebi subsp. dorcas	Schwarz 1914	SUBSPECIES		dorcas	ourebi		Ourebia	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200642	Ourebia ourebi subsp. gallarum	Blaine 1913	SUBSPECIES		gallarum	ourebi		Ourebia	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200643	Ourebia ourebi subsp. haggardi	Thomas 1895	SUBSPECIES		haggardi	ourebi		Ourebia	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200644	Ourebia ourebi subsp. hastata	Peters 1852	SUBSPECIES		hastata	ourebi		Ourebia	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200645	Ourebia ourebi subsp. montana	Cretzschmar 1826	SUBSPECIES		montana	ourebi		Ourebia	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200646	Ourebia ourebi subsp. quadriscopa	C. H. Smith 1827	SUBSPECIES		quadriscopa	ourebi		Ourebia	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200647	Ourebia ourebi subsp. rutila	Blaine 1922	SUBSPECIES		rutila	ourebi		Ourebia	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200648	Procapra	Hodgson 1846	GENUS					Procapra	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.15 p.334	Procapra picticaudata Hodgson, 1846.	Prodorcas  Pocock, 1918.			Revised by Groves (1967a). Gromov and Baranova (1981:393) considered Procapra a subgenus of Gazella; but Groves (1985a) maintained its status as a genus. Genus comprises P. picticaudata or Procapra group (includes also przewalskii) and P. gutturosa or Prodorcas group.	
14200649	Procapra gutturosa	Pallas 1777	SPECIES			gutturosa		Procapra	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Spicil. Zool. vol.12 p.46		altaica Hollister, 1913; orientalis (Erxleben, 1777).	Formerly China (Gansu, Heilongjiang, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Jilin, Ningxia, Shanxi, Shaanxi), NE Kazakhstan, Mongolia (except mountains and SW desert), and Russia (Chuya Steppe, Transbaikalia and Tuva on Mongolian border). Now extinct in Kazakhstan and survives only in Inner Mongolia (China), Khomin Tal Steppe in W Mongolia, E Mongolia, and Transbaikalia (Russia).	IUCN  Least Concern.	Reviewed by Sokolov and Lushchekina (1997, Mammalian Species, 571). Distribution reviewed by Mallon and Kingswood (2001). Monotypic status follows Groves (1986).	Mongolian Gazelle
14200650	Procapra picticaudata	Hodgson 1846	SPECIES			picticaudata		Procapra	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.15 p.334, pl. 2		picticauda Gray, 1867.	China (Gansu, Sichuan, Tibetan Plateau including Qinghai) and India (Ladak and seasonally in Sikkim).	IUCN  Least Concern.		Tibetan Gazelle
14200651	Procapra przewalskii	Büchner 1891	SPECIES			przewalskii		Procapra	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Melanges Biol. Soc. St. Petersb. vol.13 p.161		cuvieri (Przewalski, 1888) [preoccupied]; diversicornis (Stroganov, 1949).	China (Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Sinkiang, Qinghai); may only survive in Qinghai.	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Considered a subspecies of picticaudata by G. M. Allen (1940).	Przewalski's Gazelle
14200652	Procapra przewalskii subsp. przewalskii	Büchner 1891	SUBSPECIES		przewalskii	przewalskii		Procapra	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Melanges Biol. Soc. St. Petersb. vol.13 p.161						
14200653	Procapra przewalskii subsp. diversicornis	Stroganov 1949	SUBSPECIES		diversicornis	przewalskii		Procapra	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200721	Tetracerus	Leach 1825	GENUS					Tetracerus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol.14 p.524	Antilope chickara Hardwicke, 1825 (= Cerophorus quadricornis de Blainville, 1816).	Tetraceros Brookes, 1827				
14200655	Raphicerus campestris	Thunberg 1811	SPECIES			campestris		Raphicerus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersbourg vol.3 p.313		acuticornis (de Blainville, 1816); capensis (Afzelius, 1815); fulvorubescens (Desmoulins, 1822); grayi (Fitzinger, 1869) [nomen nudum]; horstockii (Jentink, 1900); ibex (Afzelius, 1815); natalensis W. Rothschild, 1907; pallida (Lichtenstein, 1812); pediotragus (Afzelius, 1815); rufescens (C. H. Smith, 1827); rupestris (Lichtenstein, 1812); stenbock (de Blainville, 1816) [nomen nudum]; subulata (C. H. Smith, 1827); tragulus (Lichtenstein, 1812); capricornis Thomas and Schwann, 1906; zuluensis Roberts, 1946; kelleni (Jentink, 1900); bourquii Monard, 1930; cunenensis (Zukowsky, 1924); hoamibensis (Zukowsky, 1924); steinhardti (Zukowsky, 1924); ugabensis (Zukowsky, 1924); zukowskyi (Zukowsky, 1924); neumanni (Matschie, 1894); stigmatus Lönnberg, 1908.	E Africa in S Kenya and N and C Tanzania; S Africa in S Angola, Botswana, S Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, W Zambia, and Zimbabwe.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Synonymy modified from Ansell (1972:67).	Steenbok
14200657	Raphicerus campestris subsp. capricornis	Thomas and Schwann 1906	SUBSPECIES		capricornis	campestris		Raphicerus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200658	Raphicerus campestris subsp. kelleni	Jentink 1900	SUBSPECIES		kelleni	campestris		Raphicerus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200659	Raphicerus campestris subsp. neumanni	Matschie 1894	SUBSPECIES		neumanni	campestris		Raphicerus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200660	Raphicerus melanotis	Thunberg 1811	SPECIES			melanotis		Raphicerus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersbourg vol.3 p.312		grisea (Cuvier, 1816); rubroalbescens (Desmoulins, 1822); rufescens (C. H. Smith, 1827).	South Africa (Western Cape, Eastern Cape).	IUCN  Lower Risk (cd).		Cape Grysbok
14200661	Raphicerus sharpei	Thomas 1896 "1897"	SPECIES			sharpei		Raphicerus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1896 p.796, pl. 34		colonicus Thomas and Schwann, 1906.	N Botswana, SE Dem. Rep. Congo, Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa (Limpopo  Prov.), Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.	IUCN  Lower Risk (cd).	Included in melanotis by Haltenorth (1963:78) but was too distinct for this according to Ansell (1972:67). Examination of museum material indicates the species is monotypic.	Sharpe's Grysbok
14200662	Saiga	Gray 1843	GENUS					Saiga	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	List Specimens Mamm. Coll. Brit. Mus. p.xxvi	Capra tatarica Linnaeus, 1766.	Colus  Wagner, 1844.			This generic name is spelt "Saiga" on p. xxvi and "Siaga" on p. 160 of the original citation. Synonymy suggested in part by Baryshnikov and Tikhonov (1994) and Kahlke (1999).	
14200666	Saiga tatarica	Linnaeus 1766	SPECIES			tatarica		Saiga	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Nat., 12th ed. vol.1 p.97		colus (Oken, 1816) [unavailable]; imberbis (Gmelin, 1760) [unavailable]; saiga (Pallas, 1766); sayga (Forster, 1768); scythica (Pallas, 1767).	China (extinct; formerly in Dzungarian Basin of Sinkiang), Kazakhstan, Moldavia (extinct), E Poland (extinct), S Russia (now restricted to Kalmykia, occasionally entering Dagestan), Ukraine (Crimea, extinct), NW Uzbekistan (seasonal).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Reviewed by Sokolov (1974, Mammalian Species, 38).	Steppe Saiga
14200748	Tragelaphus strepsiceros subsp. bea	Heller 1913	SUBSPECIES		bea	strepsiceros		Tragelaphus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200667	Bovinae	Gray 1821	SUBFAMILY						Bovidae	Artiodactyla	London Med. Repos. vol.15 p.308		Bibovina Rütimeyer, 1865 [unavailable]; Bibovina Mekayev, 2002; Bisontina Rütimeyer, 1865; Boselaphini Knottnerus-Meyer, 1907; Bubalina Rütimeyer, 1865; Buffelinae Knottnerus-Meyer, 1907; Poephagina Mekayev, 2002; Pseudonovibovina Kuznetsov, Kalikov, Petrov, Ivanova, Lomov, Kholodova and Poltaraus, 2002; Pseudoryina Hassanin and Douzery, 1999; Strepsiceriae Gray, 1846; Syncerina Pilgrim, 1939; Taurina Rütimeyer, 1865 [unavailable]; Taurotragini Leakey, 1965; Tetracerotidae Brookes, 1828; Tragelaphini Blyth, 1863; Taurotragidae Knottnerus-Meyer, 1907 [unavailable].			Boselaphini includes Boselaphus and Tetraceros; Bovini includes Bison, Bos, Bubalus, Pseudoryx and Syncerus; and Tragelaphini includes Taurotragus and Tragelaphus. Tetracerotidae, as Tetracerotini, has priority over Boselaphini but has only been used since 1899 as junior to Boselaphini so should not replace it (Article 35.5, International Code of Zoological Nomenclature; International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1999). Strepsiceriae as Strepsicerotini has priority over Tragelaphini, but the junior synonym is in general use and should continue to be used, until an appropriate submission is made to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. Subtribe Pseudoryina is wrongly constructed and should be Pseudorygina; inadvertantly redescribed as tribe Pseudorygini by Grubb (2001b). Eubovini Geraads, 1992, is unavailable (not based on a recognised genus). Tribe Bovini revised by Groves (1981d) and Geraads (1992).	
14200668	Bison	H. Smith 1827	GENUS					Bison	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	In Griffith et al., Animal Kingdom vol.5 p.373	Bos bison Linnaeus, 1758.	Bonasus Fitzinger, 1860; Urus Bojanus, 1827.			Revised by Bohlken (1967), and McDonald (1981). A synonym of Bos according to Groves (1981d).	
14200669	Bison bison	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			bison		Bison	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.72		americanus  (Linnaeus, 1766); athabascae Rhoads, 1898; haningtoni Figgins, 1933; montanae Krumbiegel, 1980; oregonus V. Bailey, 1932; pennsylvanicus Schoemaker, 1915 [unavailable]; septemtrionalis [sic] Figgins, 1933; sylvestris Hay, 1915.	Formerly NW and C Canada, south through USA, to Chihuahua, Coahuila (Mexico). Exterminated in the wild except in Yellowstone Park, Wyoming (USA) and Wood Buffalo Park, Northwest Territory (Canada). Reintroduced widely within native range and in C Alaska.	CITES  Appendix II as B. b. athabascae; U.S. ESA  Endangered in Canada as B. b. athabascae; IUCN  Lower Risk (cd).	Reviewed by Meagher (1986, Mammalian Species, 266). Bison bison athabascae treated as a distinct taxon by Geist and Karsten (1977) and Van Zyll de Jong (1986), and assigned to B. priscus by Flerov (1979), but regarded as an ecotype by Geist (1991).	American Bison
14200670	Bison bonasus	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			bonasus		Bison	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.71		ferus (Gmelin, 1785); nostras (Bojanus, 1827); urus (Erxleben, 1777); armeniacus Mejlumjan, 1972; europaeus Owen, 1849; caucasicus (Turkin and Satunin, 1904); caucasia Grevé, 1906; caucasicus (Satunin, 1903) [nomen nudum]; kaukasikus Hilzheimer, 1909; hungarorum Kretzoi, 1946.	Europe, surviving in Germany, Romania and W Russia into 18th Century, in Hungary until about 1790, and in W Caucasus Mtns (Armenia, Georgia, Russia) and Poland until early part of 20th Century (but extinct in East Prussia, now N Poland, in 1755); extinct in the wild but now reintroduced to E Poland, W Russia, and Caucasus Mtns.	IUCN  Endangered.	Considered conspecific with bison by Bohlken (1967) and Van Zyll de Jong (1986); but not included in B. bison by MacDonald (1981) or Meagher (1986). Reviewed by Flerov (1979).	European Bison
14200671	Bison bonasus subsp. bonasus	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		bonasus	bonasus		Bison	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.71						
14200672	Bison bonasus subsp. caucasicus	Turkin and Satunin 1904	SUBSPECIES		caucasicus	bonasus		Bison	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200673	Bison bonasus subsp. hungarorum	Kretzoi 1946	SUBSPECIES		hungarorum	bonasus		Bison	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200684	Bos javanicus subsp. javanicus	d'Alton 1823	SUBSPECIES		javanicus	javanicus		Bos	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Die Skelete der Wiederkauer, abgebildt und verglichen p.7						
14200685	Bos javanicus subsp. lowi	Lydekker 1912	SUBSPECIES		lowi	javanicus		Bos	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200686	Bos sauveli	Urbain 1937	SPECIES			sauveli		Bos	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. vol.62 p.307			Cambodia, S Laos, SE Thailand, and W Vietnam; possibly extinct.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Included in Novibos by Coolidge (1940); but see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951:380). Reviewed by MacKinnon and Stuart (1989).	Kouprey
14200716	Taurotragus derbianus subsp. gigas	Heuglin 1863	SUBSPECIES		gigas	derbianus		Taurotragus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200674	Bos	Linnaeus 1758	GENUS					Bos	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.71	Bos taurus Linnaeus, 1758.	Bibos Hodgson, 1837; Bubalibos Heude, 1901; Gauribos Heude, 1901; Gaveus Hodgson, 1847; Microbos Heude, 1901; Novibos Coolidge, 1940; Poephagus Gray, 1843; Pseudonovibos Peter and Feiler, 1994 [nomen dubium]; Taurus Rafinesque, 1814; Uribos Heude, 1901; Urus C. H. Smith, 1827.			Includes Bibos, Novibos, and Poephagus; see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951:380). Genus traditionally comprises B. frontalis or Bibos group (includes also B. javanicus and B. sauveli), B. taurus or nominate Bos group, and B. grunniens or Poephagus group. From cranial morphometrics Groves (1981d) suggested that Bibos group is paraphyletic, B. sauveli is related to B. taurus, and Bison should be included in Bos. From mtDNA sequences, the most parsimonious cladogram suggested that Poephagus plus Bison formed the sister-group of domestic cattle, but Bibos was not studied (Miyamoto et al., 1989). From cranial morphometrics, Geraads (1992) suggested Bison plus Poephagus is the sister-group of Bibos plus nominate Bos, with Bibos paraphyletic.Using restriction-site mapping of nuclear-ribosomal DNA regions,... [truncated]	
14200702	Bubalus mindorensis	Heude 1888	SPECIES	Anoa mindorensis		mindorensis		Bubalus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Mem. Hist. Nat. Emp. Chin. vol.2 p.50		mindorensis (Steere, 1888).	Philippines, Mindoro.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Described independently as Bubalus mindorensis Heude, 1888 and Anoa mindorensis Steere, 1888. Reviewed by Custodio et al. (1996, Mammalian Species, 520). A subspecies of B. bubalis according to Bohlken (1958), but restored to specific status, in subgenus Bubalus by Groves (1969b:10).	Tamarau
14200675	Bos frontalis	Lambert 1804	SPECIES			frontalis		Bos	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol.7 p.57		domesticus Fitzinger, 1860; gavaeus Colebrook, 1805; sylhetanus F. Cuvier, 1824; laosiensis (Heude, 1901); annamiticus (Heude, 1901); brachyrhinus (Heude, 1901); diardii Temminck, 1838 [nomen nudum]; fuscicornis (Heude, 1901) [nomen dubium]; hubbacki Lydekker, 1907; leptoceros Heude, 1901 [nomen dubium]; mekongensis (Heude, 1901); platyceros (Heude, 1901); readei Lydekker, 1903; sylvanus (Heude, 1901); gaurus C. H. Smith, 1827; asseel Horsfield, 1851; cavifrons Hodgson, 1837; frontatus Temminck, 1838 [nomen nudum]; gaur Sundevall, 1846; gour Traill, 1824 [unavailable]; gour Hardwicke, 1827; guavera Kerr, 1792 [suppressed]; subhemachalus (Hodgson, 1837); sinhaleyus (Deraniyagala, 1951); sinhaleyus Deraniyagala, 1939 [nomen nudum].	Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, China (S Tibet and Yunnan), India, Laos, Malaysia (peninsular Malaya), Nepal, Sri Lanka (extinct), Thailand, and S Vietnam.	CITES  Appendix I as B. gaurus (excluding domesticated form); U.S. ESA  Endangered as B. gaurus; IUCN  Vulnerable.	The name frontalis was based on a Gyall or Gayal (also known as Mithan). These are wild animals recurrently taken into captivity and hence categorised as feral or domestic. Gayal derive from wild Gaur and differ in proportions but are uniform and tend to breed true; interbreeding with domestic cattle appears to be relatively recent (Simoons, 1984). Includes gaurus; but see Corbet and Hill (1991:130). Formerly placed in Bibos. Gentry et al. (1996) proposed that majority usage be confirmed by adoption of Bos gaurus as the name for the wild taxon of Gaur and asked the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature to use its plenary powers to rule that the name for this wild species is not invalid by virtue of being antedated by the name based on the domestic form. A ruling has now been made in their favour (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 2003a). It may still be valid for those who consider B. gaurus and B. frontalis<... [truncated]	Gaur
14200676	Bos frontalis subsp. frontalis	Lambert 1804	SUBSPECIES		frontalis	frontalis		Bos	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol.7 p.57						
14200678	Bos frontalis subsp. gaurus	C. H. Smith 1827	SUBSPECIES		gaurus	frontalis		Bos	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200680	Bos grunniens	Linnaeus 1766	SPECIES			grunniens		Bos	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Nat., 12th ed. vol.1 p.99		corriculus von Schreber, 1789; domesticus (Fitzinger, 1860); ecornis Kerr, 1792; ghainouk Kerr, 1792 [nomen nudum]; gruniens (Gray, 1833); poephagus Pallas, 1811; sarlyk Kerr, 1792 [nomen nudum]; mutus (Przewalski, 1883).	China (Gansu, Sichuan, Sinkiang, Tibet including Qinghai), N India (Ladak), and Nepal; apparently in Kazakhstan, Mongolia, and S Russia (Siberia) until 13th to 18th centuries; domesticated in C Asia; feral in China, Inner Mongolia, Helan Mtns (Wiener et al, 2003).	CITES  Appendix I as B. mutus (excluding domesticated form); U.S. ESA  Endangered as B. mutus (= grunniens m.); IUCN  Vulnerable.	Includes mutus; but see Corbet (1978c:206). Formerly placed in Poephagus. Reviewed by Olsen (1990). Gentry et al. (1996) proposed that majority usage be confirmed by adoption of Bos mutus as the name for the wild taxon of yak, though it has not been demonstrated that most authors have termed the wild yak B. mutus rather than B. grunniens (or B. g. mutus). Gentry et al. (1996) asked the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature to use its plenary powers to rule that the name for this wild species is not invalid by virtue of being antedated by the name based on the domestic form. A ruling has now been made in their favour (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 2003a). It may still be valid for those who consider B. grunniens and B. mutus to be conspecific to employ the senior name for the name of the species (see Bock, 1997); here mutus is provisionally treated as a subspecies of grun... [truncated]	Yak
14200681	Bos grunniens subsp. grunniens	Linnaeus 1766	SUBSPECIES		grunniens	grunniens		Bos	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Nat., 12th ed. vol.1 p.99						
14200682	Bos grunniens subsp. mutus	Przewalski 1883	SUBSPECIES		mutus	grunniens		Bos	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200683	Bos javanicus	d'Alton 1823	SPECIES			javanicus		Bos	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Die Skelete der Wiederkauer, abgebildt und verglichen p.7		banteng Wagner, 1844; bantiger Schlegel and Müller, 1845; banting Sundevall, 1846; birmanicus Lydekker, 1898; butleri Lydekker, 1905; discolor (Heude, 1901); domesticus Wilckens, 1905; leucoprymnus Quoy and Gaimard, 1830; longicornis (Heude, 1901); porteri Lydekker, 1909; seleniceros Heller, 1890; seligniceros Meyer, 1878 [nomen nudum]; sondaicus Blyth, 1842; lowi Lydekker, 1912.	Borneo, Burma, Cambodia, China (S Yunnan), Java, Laos, Malaysia (N peninsular Malaya), Thailand, and Vietnam; introduced to Australia, Bali Isl, Sangihe, and Enggano Isls; domesticated in SE Asia.	U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Endangered.	For use of javanicus instead of banteng, see Hooijer (1956). Synonymy from C. P. Groves (in litt.). Formerly placed in Bibos.	Banteng
14200703	Bubalus quarlesi	Ouwens 1910	SPECIES			quarlesi		Bubalus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Bull. Dept. Agric. Indes Neerl. vol.38 p.7			Mountains of Sulawesi.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Endangered.	Subgenus Anoa; see Groves (1969b). Formerly included in A. depressicornis; see Haltenorth (1963:131).	Mountain Anoa
14200750	Tragelaphus strepsiceros subsp. chora	Cretzschmar 1826	SUBSPECIES		chora	strepsiceros		Tragelaphus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200751	Tragelaphus strepsiceros subsp. zambesiensis	Lorenz 1894	SUBSPECIES		zambesiensis	strepsiceros		Tragelaphus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200687	Bos taurus	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			taurus		Bos	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.71		aceratos Hilzheimer, 1926; adelensis Boddaert, 1785; aegyptiacus Lydekker, 1904; akeratos Arenander, 1898; albus Sundevall, 1846; alpestris Wagner, 1836; alpinus Sanson, 1878; alpium Fitzinger, 1860; aquitanicus Sanson, 1878; arnei Amschler, 1939; arvernensis Sanson, 1878; asiaticus Sanson, 1878; balticus Stegmann von Pritzwald, 1924; batavicus Sanson, 1878; brachiceros Brehm, 1864; brachycephalus Wilckens, 1878; brachyceroides Pohlig, 1912; brachyceros Owen, 1846; britannicus Sanson, 1878; bunelli Frick, 1937; caledoniensis Sanson, 1878; collicerus Rostafinski, 1933; communis S. D. W., 1836; curvidens Pomel, 1894; desertorum Fitzinger, 1860; domesticus Erxleben, 1777; dunelmensis Fitzinger, 1860; ecornis Wagner, 1836; europaeus Kerr, 1792; friburgensis Fitzinger, 1860; frisius Wagner, 1836; frontosus Nilsson, 1849; hibernicus Sanson, 1878; hollandicus Fitzinger, 1860; hypselurus Wagner, 1836; ibericus Sanson, 1878; inermis Boddaert, 1785; jurassicus Sanson, 1878; ligeriensis Sanson, 1878; longifrons Owen, 1844; macroceros Duerst, 1899; minor (Owen, 1846); minutus von der Malsburg, 1911; mastodontis Pohlig, 1912; orthoceros Stegmann von Pritzwald, 1912; palustris Cardas 1936 [nomen nudum]; podolicus Wagner, 1836; polonicus Cardas, 1936 [nomen nudum]; scoticus (C. H. Smith, 1827); spiralis (Peter and Feiler, 1994) [nomen dubium]; tinianus Boddaert, 1785; tinianensis J. B. Fischer, 1829; vulgaris Wagner, 1836; indicus Linnaeus, 1758; abessinicus Kerr, 1792; abessynicus J. B. Fischer, 1829; aegyptiorum Fitzinger, 1860; aethiopicus Fitzinger, 1860; africanus Kerr, 1792; brookii (C. H. Smith, 1827); chinensis Swinhoe, 1870; dante Link, 1794; galla Salt, 1814; gibbosus (Blyth, 1860); harveyi de Rochebrune, 1882; hottentottus Fitzinger, 1860; hybridus Fitzinger, 1860; madagascariensis Kerr, 1792; major Fitzinger, 1860; medius Fitzinger, 1860; pusio Swainson, 1835; sanga Fitzinger, 1860; triceros de Rochebrune, 1882; zebu Boddaert, 1785; primigenius Bojanus, 1827; priscus von Schlotheim, 1820; sylvestris Bonaparte, 1845; urus Linnaeus, 1758; urus C. H. Smith, 1827.	Extinct in the wild, except in Jaktorowka Forest, Masovia, Poland, by commencement of 15th century; last wild individual reputed to have died in 1627. Distributed worldwide under domestication; feral populations in Spain, France, Australia, New Guinea, USA, Colombia, Argentina and many islands, including Hawaiian, Galapagos, Dominican Republic/Haiti, Tristan da Cunha, New Amsterdam and Juan Fernandez Isls.	IUCN  Endangered as Pseudonovibos spiralis (but see comments).	Includes primigenius (extinct wild ancestor surviving into 17th Century) and indicus; but see Corbet (1978c:206). Studies of mtDNA suggest two independent domestications of cattle (Loftus et al. 1994), taurus and indicus, originating presumably from Eurasiatic and Indian populations. Formal synonymy disputed. Gentry et al. (1996) proposed that majority usage be confirmed by adoption of Bos primigenius as the name for the wild taxon of Aurochsen. They asked the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature to use its plenary powers to rule that the name for this wild species is not invalid by virtue of being antedated by the name based on the domestic form. A ruling has now been made in their favour (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 2003a). It may still be valid for those who consider B. taurus and B. primigenius to be conspecific to employ the senior name for the name of the species (see Bock, 199... [truncated]	Aurochs
14200688	Bos taurus subsp. taurus	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		taurus	taurus		Bos	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.71						
14200691	Boselaphus	de Blainville 1816	GENUS					Boselaphus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris vol.1816 p.75	Antilope tragocamelus Pallas, 1766.	Bosephalus Horsfield, 1851; Oreades Schinz, 1845; Portax C. H. Smith, 1827.				
14200692	Boselaphus tragocamelus	Pallas 1766	SPECIES			tragocamelus		Boselaphus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Misc. Zool. p.5		albipes (Erxleben, 1777); hippelaphus (Ogilby, 1837); picta (Pallas, 1777); risia (C. H. Smith, 1827); tragelaphus (Sundevall, 1846).	India, Nepal (Terai), and E Pakistan; introduced into Texas (USA).	IUCN  Least Concern.	Antilope tragocamelus Pallas, 1766, was based on accounts of the "tragelaphus" by Caius, Gesner and Ray and on Parsons' (1745) description of a male nilgai in London (here designated the lectotype), which had first been "brought to Bengal, from a very remote part of the Mogul's Dominions".	Nilgai
14200693	Bubalus	C. H. Smith 1827	GENUS					Bubalus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	In Griffith et al., Animal Kingdom vol.5 p.371	Bos bubalis Linnaeus, 1758.	Anoa C. H. Smith, 1827; Bubalus Frisch, 1775 [unavailable]; Buffelus Rütimeyer, 1865; Probubalus Rütimeyer, 1865.			Bubalusincludes the B. depressicornis or Anoa group (includes also quarlesi), revised by Groves (1969b); and the B. bubalis or nominate Bubalus group, (includes also B. mephistopheles and B. mindorensis).	
14200694	Bubalus bubalis	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			bubalis		Bubalus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.72		bubalus (Gmelin, 1788); buffelus (Blumenbach, 1821); domesticus Fitzinger, 1860; indicus (von Schreber, 1789); italicus (Rütimeyer, 1865); minor J. B. Fischer, 1829; moellendorffi Nehring, 1894; seminudus Kerr, 1792; vulgaris Fitzinger, 1860; arnee (Kerr, 1792); arna Hodgson, 1841; arni (Blumenbach, 1807); macroceros Hodgson, 1842 [nomen nudum]; macrocerus Hodgson, 1847; septentrionalis Matschie, 1912; spirocerus Gray, 1852 [nomen nudum]; speirocerus Hodgson, 1842 [nomen nudum]; typicus Lydekker, 1898; fulvus (Blanford, 1891); kerabau Fitzinger, 1860; carabanensis Castillo, 1971; ferus Nehring, 1894 [nomen nudum]; hosei Lydekker, 1898; kerabau (Sundevall, 1846) [nomen nudum]; mainitensis Heude, 1894; sondaicus (Schlegel and Müller, 1845) [preoccupied]; sunda (Schlegel and Müller, 1843) [nomen oblitum]; migona Deraniyagala, 1952; theerapati Groves, 1996.	Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, India (survives in Assam and Orissa), Nepal, N Thailand, Vietnam, and possibly at least formerly in Laos; domesticated in N Africa, S Europe, and even England, east to Indonesia and in E South America; supposedly feral populations in Sri Lanka, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Philippines and other parts of SE Asia; feral populations resulting from introductions in New Britain and New Ireland (Bismarck Arch., Papua New Guinea), and Australia.	CITES  Appendix III (Nepal) as B. arnee (excludes domesticated forms - but see comments below; IUCN  Endangered.	Includes arnee, the name used for the species by those workers who do not employ specific names based on domestic mammals; bubalis is the senior synonym; see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951:383); but see also Corbet and Hill (1991:130). Gentry et al. (1996) proposed that majority usage be confirmed by adoption of Bubalus arnee as the name for the wild taxon of water buffaloes, though it has not been demonstrated that most authors term the wild buffalo B. arnee rather than B. bubalis (or B. b. arnee). They asked the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature to use its plenary powers to rule that the name for this wild species is not invalid by virtue of being antedated by the name based on the domestic form. A ruling has now been made in their favour (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 2003a). It may still be valid for those who consider B. bubalis and B. arnee to be conspecific to employ the se... [truncated]	Water Buffalo
14200695	Bubalus bubalis subsp. bubalis	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		bubalis	bubalis		Bubalus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.72						
14200696	Bubalus bubalis subsp. arnee	Kerr 1792	SUBSPECIES		arnee	bubalis		Bubalus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200697	Bubalus bubalis subsp. fulvus	Blanford 1891	SUBSPECIES		fulvus	bubalis		Bubalus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200698	Bubalus bubalis subsp. kerabau	Fitzinger 1860	SUBSPECIES		kerabau	bubalis		Bubalus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200699	Bubalus bubalis subsp. migona	Deraniyagala 1952	SUBSPECIES		migona	bubalis		Bubalus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200700	Bubalus bubalis subsp. theerapati	Groves 1996	SUBSPECIES		theerapati	bubalis		Bubalus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200783	Capra ibex	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			ibex		Capra	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.68		alpina Girtanner, 1786; europea (Hodgson, 1847); graicus Matschie, 1912.	Formerly the Alps of Austria, France, Germany, N Italy, and Switzerland; extinct except in Italy but reintroduced into its former range.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Alpine Ibex
14200701	Bubalus depressicornis	C. H. Smith 1827	SPECIES			depressicornis		Bubalus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	In Griffith et al., Animal Kingdom vol.4 p.293		anoa (Kerr, 1792) [suppressed]; celebensis (Rütimeyer, 1865); fergusoni (Lydekker, 1905); platyceros (Temminck, 1853).	Sulawesi.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Endangered.	Includes anoa; see Groves (1969b:3). Formerly included in Anoa but placed in genus Bubalus, subgenus Anoa by Groves (1969b:3).	Anoa
14200704	Pseudoryx	Dung, Giao, Chinh, Tuoc, Arctander and MacKinnon 1993	GENUS					Pseudoryx	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Nature vol.363 p.443	Pseudoryx nghetinhensis Dung, Giao, Chinh, Tuoc, Arctander and MacKinnon, 1993.				A recently discovered monotypic genus (Dung et al,. 1993, 1994; Shaller and Rabinowitz, 1995), possibly a member of the Caprinae (Thomas, 1994) but more probably a member of the Bovinae (Dung et al., 1993; Robichaud 1998). Recent studies place it in the Bovini as a subtribe Pseudorygina Hassanin and Douzery (1999b).	
14200705	Pseudoryx nghetinhensis	Dung, Giao, Chinh, Tuoc, Arctander, and MacKinnon 1993	SPECIES			nghetinhensis		Pseudoryx	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Nature vol.363 p.443			Rainforest of Vietnam (Ha Tinh and Nghe An Prov.) and neighbouring parts of Laos.	CITES  Appendix I; IUCN  Endangered.	See comments under genus.	Siola
14200706	Syncerus	Hodgson 1847	GENUS					Syncerus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, ser. 2 vol.16 p.709	Bos brachyceros Gray, 1837 (= Bos caffer Sparrman, 1779).	Planiceros Gray, 1872.			A subgenus of Bubalus according to Haltenorth (1963:133). Reviewed by Grubb (1972).	
14200707	Syncerus caffer	Sparrman 1779	SPECIES			caffer		Syncerus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl. Stockholm vol.40 p.79		athiensis (Matschie, 1912); bubuensis (Matschie, 1912); cafer (Link, 1795); cottoni (Lydekker, 1907); cubangensis (Zukowsky, 1910); cunenensis (Zukowsky, 1910); gariepensis (Matschie, 1906); gazae (Matschie, 1918); limpopoensis (Matschie, 1906); lomamiensis (Zukowsky, 1910); massaicus (Matschie, 1913); neumanni (Matschie, 1906); niediecki (Matschie, 1918); pungwensis (Matschie, 1918); radcliffei (Thomas, 1904); ruahaensis (Matschie, 1906); rufuensis (Zukowsky, 1910); sankurrensis (Zukowsky, 1910); schillingsi (Matschie, 1906); tanae (Matschie, 1912); typicus (Lydekker, 1898); urundicus (Matschie, 1913); ussanguensis (Matschie, 1910); wembarensis (Matschie, 1906); wiesei (Matschie, 1906); wintgensi (Matschie, 1913); aequinoctialis (Blyth, 1866); azrakensis (Matschie, 1906); orientalis (Brooke, 1873); solvayi (Matschie, 1911); brachyceros (Gray, 1837); beddingtoni (Lydekker, 1913); bornouensis (C. H. Smith, 1842); centralis (Gray, 1872); geoffroyi (de Rochebrune, 1885); houyi (Schwarz, 1914); niger ("In Tanoust" [= Carbou], 1935), planiceros (Blyth, 1863); thierryi (Matschie, 1906); matthewsi (Lydekker, 1904); nanus (Boddaert, 1785); adamauae (Schwarz, 1914); adametzi (Matschie, 1913); adolfifriederici (Matschie, 1918); corniculatus (H. Smith, 1842); diehli (Schwrz, 1913); hunti (Lydekker, 1913); hylaeus (Schwarz, 1914); mayi (Matschie, 1906); nuni (Matschie, 1913); pumilus (Kerr, 1792); reclinis (Blyth, 1863); savanensis Malbrant, 1935; simpsoni (Lydekker, 1911); sylvestris Malbrant, 1935.	Rain forest and savanna of Angola, Benin, N and E Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, S Chad, Côte dIvoire, Dem. Rep. Congo, Equatorial Guinea (Mbini; extinct on Bioko), N Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia (extinct), Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, S Mali, Mozambique, NE Namibia (Caprivi Strip), SW Niger, Nigeria, Republic of Congo, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, S Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.	IUCN  Lower Risk (cd).	Ansell (1972:19) compared subspecific systematics of different authors, here modified from Schouteden (1945). The species can be partitioned into the nominate caffer division (including also aequinoctialis) and the nanus division (including also brachyceros); phylogeography indicates similar haplotypes for nanus and cf. brachyceros, which differ from those of nominate caffer (Van Hooft et al., 2002); matthewsi is probably of polyphyletic origin; cottoni is based on a specimen of nominate caffer showing characters reflecting gene flow between caffer and nanus. Bos pegasus C. H. Smith, 1827 has been identified as an African buffalo, but is probably a sheep (Blyth, 1871).	African Buffalo
14200708	Syncerus caffer subsp. caffer	Sparrman 1779	SUBSPECIES		caffer	caffer		Syncerus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl. Stockholm vol.40 p.79						
14200709	Syncerus caffer subsp. aequinoctialis	Blyth 1866	SUBSPECIES		aequinoctialis	caffer		Syncerus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200710	Syncerus caffer subsp. brachyceros	Gray 1837	SUBSPECIES		brachyceros	caffer		Syncerus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200711	Syncerus caffer subsp. matthewsi	Lydekker 1904	SUBSPECIES		matthewsi	caffer		Syncerus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200712	Syncerus caffer subsp. nanus	Boddaert 1785	SUBSPECIES		nanus	caffer		Syncerus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200713	Taurotragus	Wagner 1855	GENUS					Taurotragus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	In Schreber, Die Säugethiere, Suppl. vol.5 p.438	Antilope oreas Pallas, 1777 (= Antilope oryx Pallas, 1766).	Doratoceros Lydekker, 1891; Oreas Desmarest, 1822 [preoccupied].			This genus has been included in Tragelaphus; see Van Gelder (1977a, b) and Ansell (1978:53). Generic rank was restored by Smithers (1983:679), Meester et al. (1986:216), and Ansell and Dowsett (1988:87).	
14200714	Taurotragus derbianus	Gray 1847	SPECIES			derbianus		Taurotragus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.20 p.286		colini (de Rochebrune, 1883); typicus Rowland Ward, 1910; gigas (Heuglin, 1863); cameroonensis Millais, 1924; congolanus W. Rothschild, 1913; derbii (Johnston, 1884).	Savanna of W Africa in Gambia (extinct), Guinea (extinct?), Guinea Bissau, SW Mali (extinct?), S Senegal, and Sierra Leone (formerly a vagrant); purported records from Ghana and Togo not accepted (Grubb et al., 1998). C Africa in N Cameroon, Central African Republic, S Chad (extinct), N Dem. Rep. Congo, E Nigeria (extinct), SW Sudan, and NW Uganda (extinct).	U.S. ESA  Endangered as T. d. derbianus; IUCN  Endangered as Tragelaphus d. derbianus (but also listed, from the same evaluation date, as Lower Risk (nt) for Taurotragus derbianus), Lower Risk (nt) as Tragelaphus d. gigas.	Regarded as conspecific with T. oryx by Haltenorth (1963:86), but usually treated as a full species; see Ansell (1972:26), whose synonymy is followed here. "Giant eland" refers only to the subspecies gigas.	Derby Eland
14200715	Taurotragus derbianus subsp. derbianus	Gray 1847	SUBSPECIES		derbianus	derbianus		Taurotragus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.20 p.286						
14200823	Ovis ammon subsp. polii	Blyth 1841	SUBSPECIES		polii	ammon		Ovis	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200824	Ovis ammon subsp. severtzovi	Nasonov 1914	SUBSPECIES		severtzovi	ammon		Ovis	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200717	Taurotragus oryx	Pallas 1766	SPECIES			oryx		Taurotragus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Misc. Zool. p.9		alces (Oken, 1816) [unavailable]; canna (C. H. Smith, 1827); barbatus (Kerr, 1792); oreas (Pallas, 1777); typicus Selous, 1899; livingstonei (P. L. Sclater, 1864); billingae Kershaw, 1923; kaufmanni (Matschie, 1912); niediecki (Matschie, 1913); selousi Lydekker, 1910; triangularis (Günther, 1889); pattersonianus Lydekker, 1906.	Angola, Botswana, Burundi (extinct), S Dem. Rep. Congo, Ethiopia (seasonal in Omo Valley), Kenya, Lesotho (seasonal), Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, South Africa, SE Sudan, Swaziland (extinct, reintroduced), Tanzania, Uganda, S Zaire, Malawi, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.	IUCN  Lower Risk (cd) as Tragelaphus oryx.	Systematics modified from Ansell (1972:27).	Common Eland
13700490	Sorex daphaenodon	Thomas 1907	SPECIES			daphaenodon	Sorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1907 p.407		? megalotis  Kuroda, 1933; sanguinidens G. Allen, 1914; scaloni Ognev, 1933.	Ural Mountains to the Kolyma River (Siberia); Sakhalin Isl; Kamchatka Peninsula; Paramushir Isl (N Kuriles); Jilin and Nei Mongol Aut. Region (China).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Sorex, S. araneus group. Karyotype has 2n = 26-29, FN = 46. Type species of subgenus Stroganovia, see Yudin (1989), who recognized three subspecies, daphaenodon, sanguinidens, and scaloni. Okhotina (1993) transferred orii to caecutiens.	Siberian Large-toothed Shrew
14200722	Tetracerus quadricornis	de Blainville 1816	SPECIES			quadricornis		Tetracerus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris vol.1816 p.75		chicara (Kaup, 1833); chickara (Hardwicke, 1825); chikara (J. B. Fischer, 1829); labipes (F. Cuvier, 1832); striatocornis (Brookes, 1828); tetracornis (Hodgson, 1836); typicus Sclater and Thomas, 1895; iodes Hodgson, 1847; paccerois (Hodgson, 1847); subquadricornutus (Elliot, 1839); subquadricornis Gray, 1843.	India, Nepal (Terai).	CITES  Appendix III (Nepal); IUCN  Vulnerable.	The type of Cervus labipes F. Cuvier, 1832 is not a deer from the Philippines but a female Four-horned Antelope (Sundevall, 1846). The incorrect original spelling Antilope sub-4-cornutus Elliot was justifiably emended to subquadricornutus by Hodgson (1847; Calcutta Journal of Natural History, 8:89). Revised by Groves (2003).	Four-horned Antelope.
14200723	Tetracerus quadricornis subsp. quadricornis	de Blainville 1816	SUBSPECIES		quadricornis	quadricornis		Tetracerus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris vol.1816 p.75						
14200724	Tetracerus quadricornis subsp. iodes	Hodgson 1847	SUBSPECIES		iodes	quadricornis		Tetracerus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200725	Tetracerus quadricornis subsp. subquadricornutus	Elliot 1839	SUBSPECIES		subquadricornutus	quadricornis		Tetracerus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200726	Tragelaphus	de Blainville 1816	GENUS					Tragelaphus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris vol.1816 p.75	Antilope sylvatica Sparrman, 1780 (= Antilope scripta Pallas, 1766).	Ammelaphus Heller, 1912; Boocercus Thomas, 1902; Calliope Ogilby, 1837; Euryceros Gray, 1850; Hydrotragus Gray, 1872; Limnotragus Pocock, 1900; Nyala Heller, 1912; Strepsicerastes Knottnerus-Meyer, 1903; Strepsicerella Zukowsky, 1910; Strepsiceros C. H. Smith, 1827; Strepticeros Blyth, 1869.			Includes Boocercus, Limnotragus, Nyala and Strepsiceros; see Ansell (1972:20) and Van Gelder (1977a, b); except for T. buxtoni, all species have been made types of genera. Monophyletic lineages within the Tragelaphini have not been proposed on the basis of morphology, though Ansell (1972) allocated angasii and spekii to a superspecies. From gene analysis, there is a lack of evidence that Tragelaphus species form a clade excluding Taurotragus, and therefore Tragelaphus is regarded as paraphyletic if Taurotragus is excluded (Essop et al., 1997a; Gatesy et al., 1997; Geordiadis et al., 1990; Hassanin and Douzery, 1999a; Hassanin and Douzery , 1999a; Matthee and Robinson, 1999).	
14200727	Tragelaphus angasii	Angas 1848 "1849"	SPECIES			angasii		Tragelaphus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1848 p.89			S Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa (N and E Limpopo Prov., E Mpumalanga, and KwaZulu-Natal), Swaziland (extinct, reintroduced), and N and S Zimbabwe. Reintroduced or newly introduced to private land in South Africa and Namibia (East, 1999).	IUCN  Lower Risk (cd).	The name angasii is usually attributed to Gray, because Angas (1849) stated "Mr Gray has named this species after my father, George Fife Angas, Esq, of South Australia" but this is insufficient to make Gray the author (Article 50.1.1, International Code of Zoological Nomenclature; International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1999).	Nyala
14200728	Tragelaphus buxtoni	Lydekker 1910	SPECIES			buxtoni		Tragelaphus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Nature (London) vol.84 p.397			Ethiopia, east of Rift Valley.	IUCN  Endangered.		Mountain Nyala
14200741	Tragelaphus spekii subsp. spekii	Speke 1863	SUBSPECIES		spekii	spekii		Tragelaphus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Journal of the Discovery of the Source of the Nile p.p. 223 (footnote)						
14200742	Tragelaphus spekii subsp. gratus	P. L. Sclater 1880	SUBSPECIES		gratus	spekii		Tragelaphus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200729	Tragelaphus eurycerus	Ogilby 1836 "1837"	SPECIES			eurycerus		Tragelaphus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1836 p.120		albovirgatus Du Chaillu, 1860; cooperi (W. Rothschild, 1928); euryceros Gray, 1850 [incorrect subsequent spelling]; isaaci (Thomas, 1902); katanganus (W. Rothschild, 1927).	Rain forest of W Africa in Benin, Côte dIvoire, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Togo; C Africa in SE Cameroon, Central African Republic, Dem. Rep. Congo, NE Gabon, Republic of Congo, SW Sudan, Uganda (extinct); and in S Kenya. Occurrence in Equatorial Guinea (Mbini) questionable.	CITES  Appendix III (Ghana); IUCN  Endangered as T. e. isaaci, otherwise Lower Risk (nt).	Formerly placed in Boocercus. Reviewed by Ralls (1978, Mammalian Species, 111).	Bongo
14200730	Tragelaphus imberbis	Blyth 1869	SPECIES			imberbis		Tragelaphus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1869 p.55		australis (Heller, 1913); tendal (Gray, 1873).	SE Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, SE Sudan, E Tanzania, NE Uganda. Also apparently Yemen and SW Saudi Arabia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (cd).	The type specimen was procured in Shoa Prov. by W. C. Harris, possibly at Manyo or Taboo Forest (Yalden et al., 1984). Arabian records are based on only two specimens (Harrison and Bates, 1991:192).	Lesser Kudu
14200932	Sylvicapra grimmia subsp. pallidior	Schwarz 1914	SUBSPECIES		pallidior	grimmia		Sylvicapra	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
13700491	Sorex daphaenodon subsp. daphaenodon	Thomas 1907	SUBSPECIES		daphaenodon	daphaenodon	Sorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1907 p.407						
13700492	Sorex daphaenodon subsp. sanguinidens	G. Allen 1914	SUBSPECIES		sanguinidens	daphaenodon	Sorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700493	Sorex daphaenodon subsp. scaloni	Ognev 1933	SUBSPECIES		scaloni	daphaenodon	Sorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
14200731	Tragelaphus scriptus	Pallas 1766	SPECIES			scriptus		Tragelaphus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Misc. Zool. p.8		johannae Schwarz, 1929; obscurus Trouessart, 1898; phaleratus (C. H. Smith, 1827); pictus Schwarz, 1914; punctatus Schwarz, 1914; signatus Schwarz, 1914; typicus Thomas, 1891; uellensis Schwarz, 1914; bor Heuglin, 1877; cottoni Matschie, 1912; dodingae Matschie, 1912; makalae Matschie, 1912; meridionalis Matschie, 1912; decula (Rüppell, 1835); fulvoochraceus Matschie, 1912; nigrinotatus Neumann, 1902; fasciatus Pocock, 1900; olivaceus Heller, 1913; reidae Babault, 1947; knutsoni Lönnberg, 1905; meneliki Neumann, 1902; multicolor Neumann, 1902; powelli Matschie, 1912; ornatus Pocock, 1900; sylvaticus (Sparrman, 1780); barkeri J. G. Millais, 1924; brunneus Matschie, 1912; dama Neumann, 1902; delamerei Pocock, 1900; dianae Matschie, 1912; eldomae Matschie, 1912; haywoodi Thomas, 1905; heterochrous Cabrera, 1918; insularis Zukowsky, 1961; laticeps Matschie, 1912; locorinae Matschie, 1912; massaicus Neumann, 1902; meruensis Lönnberg, 1908; roualeynei Gordon Cumming, 1850; roualeyni Thomas, 1891; sassae Matschie, 1912; simplex Matschie, 1912; tjaderi J. A. Allen, 1909; typicus Sclater and Thomas, 1900.	Savanna and secondary forest in Angola, Benin, N and E Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, S Chad, Côte dIvoire, Dem. Rep. Congo, Equatorial Guinea (Mbini), N Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, S Mali, S Mauritania, Mozambiqiue, NE Namibia (Caprivi Strip), SW Niger, Nigeria, Republic of Congo, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, S Somalia, E and S South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Not recorded from Lesotho (Lynch, 1994).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subspecific systematics modified from Ansell (1972:24) and Grubb (1985, 2000b); the species comprises decula division (includes also meneliki), nominate scriptus division (includes also bor and knutsoni), and sylvaticus division (includes also fasciatus and ornatus).	Bushbuck
14200732	Tragelaphus scriptus subsp. scriptus	Pallas 1766	SUBSPECIES		scriptus	scriptus		Tragelaphus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Misc. Zool. p.8						
14200733	Tragelaphus scriptus subsp. bor	Heuglin 1877	SUBSPECIES		bor	scriptus		Tragelaphus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200734	Tragelaphus scriptus subsp. decula	Rüppell 1835	SUBSPECIES		decula	scriptus		Tragelaphus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200735	Tragelaphus scriptus subsp. fasciatus	Pocock 1900	SUBSPECIES		fasciatus	scriptus		Tragelaphus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200736	Tragelaphus scriptus subsp. knutsoni	Lönnberg 1905	SUBSPECIES		knutsoni	scriptus		Tragelaphus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200737	Tragelaphus scriptus subsp. meneliki	Neumann 1902	SUBSPECIES		meneliki	scriptus		Tragelaphus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200738	Tragelaphus scriptus subsp. ornatus	Pocock 1900	SUBSPECIES		ornatus	scriptus		Tragelaphus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200739	Tragelaphus scriptus subsp. sylvaticus	Sparrman 1780	SUBSPECIES		sylvaticus	scriptus		Tragelaphus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200740	Tragelaphus spekii	Speke 1863	SPECIES			spekii		Tragelaphus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Journal of the Discovery of the Source of the Nile p.p. 223 (footnote)		speckei  Neumann, 1900; spekei Heuglin, 1869; typicus R. Ward, 1910; ugallae Matschie, 1913; wilhelmi (Lönnberg and Gyldenstolpe, 1924); gratus P.L. Sclater, 1880; albonotatus Neumann, 1905; larkenii (St Leger, 1931); selousi W. Rothschild, 1898; anderessoni (Leyland, 1866) [nomen oblitum]; baumii (Sokolowsky, 1903); inornatus (Cabrera, 1918); sylvestris (Meinertzhagen, 1916).	Disjunct. Swamps in Gambia, W Guinea, Guinea Bissau, and S Senegal; not authentically recorded from Sierra Leone and doubtfully recorded from Côte dIvoire (Grubb et al., 1998). Rainforest and swamps in C and E Angola, S Benin, N Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad (Lake Chad only), Dem. Rep. Congo, Equatorial Guinea (Mbini), Gabon, SE Ghana, W Kenya, Mozambique (W Tete Prov. only), NE Namibia (Caprivi Strip only), Niger (Lake Chad only; extinct), S Nigeria (and Lake Chad), Republic of Congo, Rwanda, S Sudan, W and NW Tanzania, Togo (extinct?), Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe (extreme NW). Occurrence in Ghana only recently confirmed (East, 1998).	CITES  Appendix III (Ghana); IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Speke (1863) described and illustrated the 'nzoé' or 'water-boc' and reported in a footnote that Sclater had named the species Tragelaphus Spekii [sic], but this is insufficient to make Sclater the author of the name (Article 50.1.1, International Code of Zoological Nomenclature; International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1999). Subspecific systematics from Ansell (1972:22).	Sitatunga
14200743	Tragelaphus spekii subsp. larkenii	St. Leger 1931	SUBSPECIES		larkenii	spekii		Tragelaphus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200744	Tragelaphus spekii subsp. selousi	W. Rothschild 1898	SUBSPECIES		selousi	spekii		Tragelaphus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200745	Tragelaphus spekii subsp. sylvestris	Meinertzhagen 1916	SUBSPECIES		sylvestris	spekii		Tragelaphus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200746	Tragelaphus strepsiceros	Pallas 1766	SPECIES			strepsiceros		Tragelaphus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Misc. Zool. p.9		capensis (A. Smith, 1834); excelsus (Sundevall, 1846); koodoo (C. H. Smith, 1836); torticornis (Hermann, 1804); typicus (Lydekker, 1910); bea (Heller, 1913); frommi (Matschie, 1914); burlacei Ansell, 1969; cottoni Dollman and Burlace, 1928 [preoccupied]; chora (Cretzschmar, 1826); abyssinicus (Fitzinger, 1869); zambesiensis (Lorenz, 1894); hamiltoni (Matschie, 1914).	Angola, Botswana, N Central African Republic, S Chad, SE Dem. Rep. Congo, Djibouti, N Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Somalia (extinct?), South Africa, W and E Sudan, NE Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.	IUCN  Lower Risk (cd).	Subspecific systematics from Ansell (1972:25), modified by Grubb (1999).	Greater Kudu
14200819	Ovis ammon subsp. darwini	Przewalski 1883	SUBSPECIES		darwini	ammon		Ovis	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200752	Caprinae	Gray 1821	SUBFAMILY						Bovidae	Artiodactyla	London Med. Repos. vol.15 p.307		"egosceridae" (Aegocerotidae) Cobbold, 1869 [unavailable]; Budorcatinae Brooke, 1876; Capricornini Duvernois and Guérin, 1989; Hircidae Brookes, 1828 [unavailable]; Naemorhedini Brooke, 1876; Ovibovini Gray, 1872; Ovidae Brookes, 1828; Pantholopini Gray, 1872; Pseudoinae Knottnerus-Meyer, 1907; Rupicapridae Brookes, 1828.			Caprini includes Ammotragus, Capra, Hemitragus, Ovis, Oreamnos, Pseudois, and Rupicapra; Naemorhedini includes Capricornis and Naemorhedus; Ovibovini includes Budorcas and Ovibos; Pantholopini includes Pantholops. Placing of Pantholops in the Caprinae is supported by morphological and molecular studies (Gatesy et al., 1997; Gentry, 1992; Hassanin et al., 1998; Vrba and Schaller, 2000). It may be the sister taxon of all other Caprinae. Relationshiops in the rest of the Caprinae are problematical. Nadler et al. (1973) noted identity of karyotypes in Ammotragus and Ovis (O. aries arkar). From electrophoresis of proteins, Hartl et al. (1990) obtained the following tree: (Ovis) ((Rupicapra, Oreamnos) ((Hemitragus) (Ammotragus, Capra))). Hassanin et al. (1998) recognised three clades on the basis of their studies of cytochrome b sequences, namely (1) Caprico... [truncated]	
14200753	Ammotragus	Blyth 1840	GENUS					Ammotragus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1840 p.13	Antilope lervia Pallas, 1777.	Traguelaphus Pomel, 1898.			Ansell (1972:70) included Ammotragus in Capra; but see comment under Capra.	
14200754	Ammotragus lervia	Pallas 1777	SPECIES			lervia		Ammotragus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Spicil. Zool. vol.12 p.12		barbatus (Kerr, 1792); tragelaphus (Afzelius, 1815); angusi W. Rothschild, 1921; blainei (W. Rothschild, 1913); jaela (C. H. Smith, 1827) [nomen oblitum]; fassini Lepri, 1930; ornatus (I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1827); sahariensis (W. Rothschild, 1913).	Algeria, N Chad, Egypt, Libya, N Mali, Mauritania, Morocco (including Western Sahara), Niger, Sudan (west of Nile and east of Nile in Red Sea Hills), and Tunisia; introduced to USA, N Mexico and Spain.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Extinct in the Wild as A. l. ornatus, otherwise Vulnerable.	Subspecific systematics from Ansell (1972:71). Reviewed by Gray and Simpson (1980, Mammalian Species, 144).	Barbary Sheep
14200755	Ammotragus lervia subsp. lervia	Pallas 1777	SUBSPECIES		lervia	lervia		Ammotragus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Spicil. Zool. vol.12 p.12						
14200756	Ammotragus lervia subsp. angusi	W. Rothschild 1921	SUBSPECIES		angusi	lervia		Ammotragus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200757	Ammotragus lervia subsp. blainei	W. Rothschild 1913	SUBSPECIES		blainei	lervia		Ammotragus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200758	Ammotragus lervia subsp. fassini	Lepri 1930	SUBSPECIES		fassini	lervia		Ammotragus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200759	Ammotragus lervia subsp. ornatus	I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1827	SUBSPECIES		ornatus	lervia		Ammotragus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200760	Ammotragus lervia subsp. sahariensis	W. Rothschild 1913	SUBSPECIES		sahariensis	lervia		Ammotragus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200761	Budorcas	Hodgson 1850	GENUS					Budorcas	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.19 p.65	Budorcas taxicolor Hodgson, 1850.				Doubtfully included in Ovibovini following analysis of skull characters (Gentry, 1996).	
14200762	Budorcas taxicolor	Hodgson 1850	SPECIES			taxicolor		Budorcas	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.19 p.65		mitchelli  Lydekker, 1908; sinensis Lydekker, 1907; taxicola Gray, 1852; bedfordi Thomas, 1911; tibetana Milne-Edwards, 1874; whitei Lydekker, 1907.	Bhutan, N Burma, China (Gansu, Sichuan, Shaanxi, SE Tibet, and Yunnan), and NE India (Sikkim and Mishmi Hills).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Endangered as B. t. taxicolor and B. t. bedfordi, Vulnerable as B. t. tibetana and B. t. whitei.	Reviewed by Neas and Hoffmann (1987, Mammalian Species, 277).	Takin
14200763	Budorcas taxicolor subsp. taxicolor	Hodgson 1850	SUBSPECIES		taxicolor	taxicolor		Budorcas	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.19 p.65						
14200764	Budorcas taxicolor subsp. bedfordi	Thomas 1911	SUBSPECIES		bedfordi	taxicolor		Budorcas	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200765	Budorcas taxicolor subsp. tibetana	Milne-Edwards 1874	SUBSPECIES		tibetana	taxicolor		Budorcas	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200766	Budorcas taxicolor subsp. whitei	Lydekker 1907	SUBSPECIES		whitei	taxicolor		Budorcas	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200784	Capra nubiana	F. Cuvier 1825	SPECIES			nubiana		Capra	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	In É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mammifères vol.6 part 50 p."Bouc sauvage de la Haute-Egypte", p. 2, pl. 397		arabica Rüppell, 1835; beden (Wagner, 1835); mengesi Noack, 1896; sinaitica Ehrenberg, 1833; typica Lydekker, 1908.	Egypt east of the Nile, N Eritrea, Israel, W Jordan, Lebanon (extinct), SE Oman, Saudi Arabia, NE Sudan, Syria (extinct; no archaeological records), and SE Yemen.	IUCN  Endangered.	Treated as a species distinct from C. ibex by Uerpmann (1987).	Nubian Ibex
14200873	Cephalophus jentinki	Thomas 1892	SPECIES			jentinki		Cephalophus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1892 p.417			W Côte dIvoire, Liberia, and Sierra Leone.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Vulnerable.	Reviewed by Kuhn (1968).	Jentink's Duiker
14200767	Capra	Linnaeus 1758	GENUS					Capra	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.68	Capra hircus Linnaeus, 1758.	Aegoceros Pallas, 1811 [suppressed]; Aegocerus Agassiz, 1846; Aries Link, 1795; Eucapra Camerano, 1916; Euibex Camerano, 1916; Hilzheimeria Kretzoi, 2000; Hircus Boddaert, 1785; Ibex Pallas, 1776; Orthaegoceros Trouessart, 1905; Tragus Schrank, 1798; Turocapra de Beaux, 1949; Turus Hilzheimer, 1916.			Reviewed by Coutourier (1962). Includes Orthaegoceros; see Heptner et al. (1961:593). Some authors have included Ammotragus and Ovis; see Ansell (1972:70) and Van Gelder (1977b). However, most authors have not followed this arrangement; see Gray and Simpson (1980), Gromov and Baranova (1981), Hall (1981), and Corbet and Hill (1991). There is no consensus concerning the number of species to be recognized in this genus; some would recognize only two (hircus and falconeri; see Haltenorth, 1963), while others would recognize up to nine. Heptner et al. (1961) are followed here except that only one species of Tur is recognised. Suggested divisions within the genus according to Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) are C. caucasica or Hilzheimeria group, C. falconeri or Orthaegoceros group, C. hircus or nominate Capra group, C. ibex or Ibex group (including also nubiana, sibirica and walie... [truncated]	
14200768	Capra caucasica	Güldenstaedt and Pallas 1779 "1783"	SPECIES			caucasica		Capra	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Acta Acad. Sci. Petropoli for 1779 vol.2 p.275		dinniki Satunin, 1905; raddei Matschie, 1901; cylindricornis Blyth, 1841; ammon (Pallas, 1811) [preoccupied]; pallasii (Rouillier, 1841); severtzovi Menzbier, 1888.	Caucasus Mtns (Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russia).	IUCN  Endangered as C. caucasica, Vulnerable as C. cylindricornis.	Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951:407) recognised two taxa, C. caucasica with synonym cylindricornis, and C. ibex severtzovi; Heptner et al. (1961) recognised C. caucasica with synonym severtzovi, and C. cylindricornis; Sokolov and Tembotov (1993) recognised these three taxa as subspecies in a single species and their classification is followed here.	Tur
14200769	Capra caucasica subsp. caucasica	Güldenstaedt and Pallas 1779 "1783"	SUBSPECIES		caucasica	caucasica		Capra	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Acta Acad. Sci. Petropoli for 1779 vol.2 p.275						
14200771	Capra caucasica subsp. severtzovi	Menzbier 1888	SUBSPECIES		severtzovi	caucasica		Capra	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200772	Capra falconeri	Wagner 1839	SPECIES			falconeri		Capra	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Gelehrt. Anz. I. K. Bayer Akad. Wiss., München vol.9 p.430		cashmiriensis Lydekker, 1898; chitralensis Cobb, 1958 [nomen nudum]; gilgitensis Cobb, 1958 [nomen nudum]; heptneri Zalkin, 1945; ognevi Zalkin, 1945; megaceros Hutton, 1842; jerdoni Hume, 1875.	NE Afghanistan, N India (SW Jammu and Kashmir), N and C Pakistan, S Tajikistan, and S Uzbekistan.a	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered as C. f. jerdoni and C. f. megaceros; IUCN  Critically Endangered as C. f. heptneri, Endangered as C. f. falconeri and C. f. megaceros.	Revised by Schaller (1977).	Markhor
14200773	Capra falconeri subsp. falconeri	Wagner 1839	SUBSPECIES		falconeri	falconeri		Capra	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Gelehrt. Anz. I. K. Bayer Akad. Wiss., München vol.9 p.430						
14200774	Capra falconeri subsp. heptneri	Zalkin 1945	SUBSPECIES		heptneri	falconeri		Capra	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200775	Capra falconeri subsp. megaceros	Hutton 1842	SUBSPECIES		megaceros	falconeri		Capra	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200802	Naemorhedus baileyi	Pocock 1914	SPECIES			baileyi		Naemorhedus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. vol.23 p.32		cranbrooki  Hayman, 1961.	N Burma, China (SE Tibet and Yunnan), and NE India (Arunachal Pradesh).	CITES  Appendix I; IUCN  Vulnerable as N. b. baileyi and N. b. cranbrooki.	Regarded as a valid species by Groves and Grubb (1985); and by Zhang (1987), under the name cranbrooki.	Red Goral
14200776	Capra hircus	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			hircus		Capra	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.68		acera Desmarest, 1822; adametzi Kretzoi, 1942; aegyptiaca (Fitzinger, 1860); aethiopica Hartmann, 1864; africana (Sanson, 1878); anatolica (Fitzinger, 1859); angolensis Linnaeus, 1758; angorensis Linnaeus, 1766; arietina Desmarest, 1822; asiatica (Sanson, 1878); barbara de Blainville, 1816; barbarica (Fitzinger, 1860); brachyceros (Fitzinger, 1859); brachyotis (Fitzinger, 1859); buraitica (Fitzinger, 1859); calotus Reichenbach, 1845; capra (Fitzinger, 1860); capricornus Erxleben, 1777; chungra Gray, 1846 [nomen nudum]; cossus de Blainville, 1816; crispa (Fitzinger, 1859); depressa Linnaeus, 1758; domestica von Schreber, 1787; ecornis von Schreber, 1788; ensicornis Angst, 1911; europaea (Sanson, 1878); gazella (Fitzinger, 1860); girgentana Magliano, 1930; graeca Fiedler, 1841; guineensis (Fitzinger, 1859); hirsuta (Fitzinger, 1859); imberbis de Blainville, 1816; indorum (Fitzinger, 1859); iowensis (Palmer, 1956); jamaicensis J. B. Fischer, 1829; kelleri Duerst, 1908; laevipes (Fitzinger, 1859); lanigera Wagner, 1836; mambrica Linnaeus, 1758; montana Reichenbach, 1845; mutica Kerr, 1892; nana Kerr, 1792; nepalensis Reichenbach, 1845; prisca Adametz, 1915; promaza (Pomel, 1898); resima Wagner, 1836; reversa Linnaeus, 1758; rossica (Fitzinger, 1859); ruetimeyeri Duerst, 1899; sericea (Fitzinger, 1859); simus Rautenbach, 1845; stenotis (Fitzinger, 1859); tatarorum (Fitzinger, 1859); thebaica Desmarest, 1811; thibetana Desmarest, 1822; villosa Wagner, 1836; vulgaris von Schreber, 1787; aegagrus Erxleben, 1777; aegagros Chollet, Dayot and Neuville, 1904; aegergus Zivan&#269;evi&#263;, 1960; algagrus Medvedeff, 1927; bezoartica Linnaeus, 1766 [nomen oblitum]; blythi Hume, 1875; caucasica Gray, 1843; cilicica Matschie, 1907; fera Desmarest, 1822; florstedti Matschie, 1907; gazella (Gmelin, 1788); neglecta Zarudny and Bilkevitsch, 1918; oegagrus Crespon, 1844; oegagyrus França, 1908; persica Matschie, 1905; turcmenica Tzalkin, 1950; chialtanensis Lydekker, 1913; cretica Schinz, 1838; cretensis Brisson, 1756 [unavailable]; cretensis von Lorenz-Liburnau, 1899; jourensis Ivrea, 1899; aegaeica Kretzoi, 1942; dorcas Reichenow, 1888 [preoccupied]; picta (Erhard, 1858).	Afghanistan, Caucasus region (Armenia, Azerbaijan, NE Georgia, and S Russia), Iraq, Iran, Israel (till Neolithic), Jordan (extinct), Lebanon (extinct), S Pakistan, Syria (extinct), Turkey, and S Turkmenistan; anciently introduced into Greek isls and probably Oman. Domesticated worldwide; feral populations in British Isles, islands in the Mediterranean, USA, Canada, Chile, Argentina, Venezuela, Australia, New Zealand and many oceanic islands including Bonin, Hawaiian, Galapagos, Seychelles, and Juan Fernandez Isls.	CITES  Appendix I; ESA  Endangered C. falconeri (=aegagrus) chiltanensis [sic]; IUCN  Critically Endangered as C. aegagrus chialtanensis; otherwise Vulnerable as C. acera and as C. a. aegagrus, C. a. cretica, and C. a. blythi.	Includes aegagrus, but see Corbet (1978c:214). Gentry et al. (1996) proposed that majority usage be confirmed by adoption of Capra aegagrus as the name for the wild taxon of Goats and asked the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature to use its plenary power to rule that the name for this wild species is not invalid by virtue of being antedated by the name based on the domestic form. A ruling has now been made in their favour (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 2003a). It might still be valid for those who consider C. hircus and C. aegagrus to be conspecific to employ the senior name for the name of the species (see Bock, 1997). Both names have been used when referring to wild Goats. Capra aegagrus Erxleben, 1777 is a junior synonym of C . bezoartica Linnaeus, 1766 whose syntypes may have included other species (Blanford, 1875b); bezoartica may be regarded as a nomen oblitum. Popu... [truncated]	Goat
14200777	Capra hircus subsp. hircus	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		hircus	hircus		Capra	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.68						
14200778	Capra hircus subsp. aegagrus	Erxleben 1777	SUBSPECIES		aegagrus	hircus		Capra	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200779	Capra hircus subsp. chialtanensis	Lydekker 1913	SUBSPECIES	Capra hircus chialtanensis 	chialtanensis	hircus		Capra	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200780	Capra hircus subsp. cretica	Schinz 1838	SUBSPECIES		cretica	hircus		Capra	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200781	Capra hircus subsp. jourensis	Ivrea 1899	SUBSPECIES		jourensis	hircus		Capra	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200782	Capra hircus subsp. picta	Erhard 1858	SUBSPECIES		picta	hircus		Capra	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200820	Ovis ammon subsp. hodgsonii	Blyth 1841	SUBSPECIES		hodgsonii	ammon		Ovis	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200785	Capra pyrenaica	Schinz 1838	SPECIES			pyrenaica		Capra	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	N. Denkschr. Schneiz. Ges. Natur. Wiss. vol.2 p.9		cabrerae Camerano, 1916 [nomen nudum]; cabrerae Camerano, 1917; hispanica Schimper, 1848; lusitanica Schlegel, 1872; nowaki Wyrwoll, 1999; pyrenica Mottl, 1938; typica Lydekker, 1898; victoriae Cabrera, 1911.	Iberian Peninsula; extinct in Portugal.	U.S. ESA  Endangered as C. p. pyrenaica; IUCN  Extinct as C. p. pyrenaica, Vulnerable as C. p. victoriae, Lower Risk (cd) as C. p. hispanica, otherwise Lower Risk (nt).	Validity of subspecies questioned by Coutourier (1962), Clouet (1979) and following mtDNA analysis by Manceau et al. (1999b).	Spanish Ibex
14200786	Capra sibirica	Pallas 1776	SPECIES			sibirica		Capra	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Spicil. Zool. vol.11 p.52		alaiana Noack 1902; almasyi Lorenz, 1906; altaica Noack, 1902; dauvergnii Sterndale, 1886; dementievi Tzalkin, 1949; fasciata Noack, 1902; filippii Camerano, 1911; formosovi Tzalkin, 1949; hagenbecki Noack, 1903; hemalayana Hodgson, 1841; lorenzi Satunin, 1905; lydekkeri W. Rothschild, 1900; merzbacheri (Leisewitz, 1906); pallasii Schinz, 1838; pedri Lorenz, 1906; sacin Lydekker, 1898; sakeen Blyth, 1842; sakin (Hodgson, 1847); skyn (Wagner, 1844); transalaiana Lorenz, 1906; typica Lorenz, 1906; wardi Lydekker, 1900.	Mountain ranges of N Afghanistan, China (N Gansu, W Inner Mongolia, Sinkiang, N Tibet), N India (Himalayas of Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh), E Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, S and W Mongolia, N Pakistan, Russia (S Siberia), and Tajikistan.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Treated as a species distinct from C. ibex by Heptner et al. (1961).	Siberian Ibex
14200787	Capra walie	Rüppell 1835	SPECIES			walie		Capra	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Neue Wirbelt. Fauna Abyssin. Gehörig, Säugeth. vol.1 p.16		vali Lydekker, 1898; valie Sundevall, 1846; wali Richters, 1894.	N Ethiopia.	U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Treated as a species distinct from C. ibex by Ansell (1972:70) and Yalden et al. (1984).	Walia
14200788	Capricornis	Ogilby 1836 "1837"	GENUS					Capricornis	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1836 p.139	Antilope thar Hodgson, 1831.	Austritragus Heude, 1898; Capricornus Gray, 1862; Capricornulus Heude, 1898; Lithotragus Heude, 1898; Nemotragus Heude, 1898.			Revised by Groves and Grubb (in prep.) who raise milneedwardsii, rubidus, and thar to species status.	
14200789	Capricornis crispus	Temminck 1836	SPECIES			crispus		Capricornis	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Invon Siebold, Temminck and Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, Coup d'Oeil Faune Iles Sonde Emp. Japan p.xxii		pryeri (Lydekker, 1901); pryerianus Heude, 1894; saxicola Heude, 1898.	Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu (Japan).	IUCN  Lower Risk (cd).	Widely cited from Temminck, 1844. In von Siebold, Temminck and Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, Aperçu Gén. Spéc. Mamm. Japon, p. 55, pls. 18,19 [1844]. Included in sumatraensis by Haltenorth (1963:119); but a valid species according to Dolan (1963).	Japanese Serow
14200851	Pantholops hodgsonii	Abel 1826	SPECIES			hodgsonii		Pantholops	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Calcutta Gov't Gazette. vol.68 p.234		chiru (Lesson, 1827); kemas (C. H. Smith, 1827).	China (S Sinkiang, Sichuan, Tibet including Qinghai, Szechwan) and N India (Ladak).	CITES  Appendix I; IUCN  Endangered. Under severe pressure from hunting.		Chiru
14200790	Capricornis milneedwardsii	David 1869	SPECIES			milneedwardsii		Capricornis	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Nouv. Arch. Mus. H. N. Paris, 5 bull. p.10		argyrochaetes Heude, 1888; brachyrhinus Heude, 1894; chrysochaetes Heude, 1894; collasinus Heude, 1899; cornutus Heude, 1894; edwardsii (David, 1871); erythropygius Heude, 1894; fargesianus Heude, 1894; longicornis Heude, 1894; maxillaris Heude, 1894; microdonticus Heude, 1894; microdontus Heude, 1894; montinus G. M. Allen, 1930; nasutus Heude, 1894; osborni Andrews, 1921; platyrhinus Heude, 1894; pugnax Heude, 1894; ungulosus Heude, 1894; vidianus Heude, 1894; maritimus Heude, 1888; annectens Kloss, 1919; benetianus Heude, 1894; berthetianus Heude, 1898; gendrelianus Heude, 1899; marcolinus Heude, 1897; rocherianus Heude, 1894; venetianus Lydekker, 1913.	S Burma, Cambodia, S and C China (Himalayas and E Tibet, S Gansu to Zhejiang and S to Yunnan), Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam.	IUCN  Vulnerable as C. sumatraensis maritimus and C. s. milneedwardsi.		Chinese Serow
14200791	Capricornis milneedwardsii subsp. milneedwardsii	David 1869	SUBSPECIES		milneedwardsii	milneedwardsii		Capricornis	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Nouv. Arch. Mus. H. N. Paris, 5 bull. p.10						
14200792	Capricornis milneedwardsii subsp. maritimus	Heude 1888	SUBSPECIES		maritimus	milneedwardsii		Capricornis	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200793	Capricornis rubidus	Blyth 1863	SPECIES			rubidus		Capricornis	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Cat. Mamm. Mus. Asiat. Soc. p.174			N Burma.	IUCN  Endangered as C. sumatraensis rubidus.		Red Serow
14200794	Capricornis sumatraensis	Bechstein 1799	SPECIES			sumatraensis		Capricornis	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	In Pennant, Allgemeine Ueber. Vierfüss. Thiere vol.1 p.98		interscapularis (Lichtenstein, 1814); robinsoni Pocock, 1908; swettenhami (Butler, 1900).	Indonesia (Sumatra), Malaysia (peninsular Malaya), Thailand (isthmus of Kra).	CITES  Appendix I as Naemorhedus sumatraensis; U.S. ESA  Endangered as Naemorhedus (= Capricornis) sumatraensis; IUCN  Endangered as C. s. sumatraensis, otherwise Vulnerable.		Sumatran Serow
14300152	Frasercetus	Moore 1968	SUBGENUS				Frasercetus	Hyperoodon	Ziphiidae	Cetacea	Fieldiana, Zoology vol.53 4 p.274	Hyperoodon planifrons Flower, 1882.					
14200795	Capricornis swinhoei	Gray 1862	SPECIES			swinhoei		Capricornis	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3 vol.10 p.320			Taiwan.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Regarded as a species distinct from C. crispus by Groves and Grubb (1985).	Formosan Serow
14200796	Capricornis thar	Hodgson 1831	SPECIES			thar		Capricornis	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Gleanings Science vol.3 p.324		bubalina (Hodgson, 1832); humei Pocock, 1908; jamrachi Pocock, 1908; proclivus (Hodgson, 1842) [nomen nudum]; rodoni Pocock, 1908.	E and SE Bangladesh, Himalayas (Bhutan, N India including Sikkim, and Nepal), and NE India (provinces E of Bangladesh). Probably W Burma.	IUCN  Vulnerable as C. sumatraensis thar.	Reddish specimens from Arunchal Pradesh, Assam, Bangladesh, and Meghalaya are not attributable to C. rubidus and may represent a distinct subspecies of C. thar.	Himalayan Serow
14200797	Hemitragus	Hodgson 1841	GENUS					Hemitragus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. vol.2 p.218	Capra jharal Hodgson, 1833 (= Capra jemlahica C. H. Smith, 1826).					
14200798	Hemitragus hylocrius	Ogilby 1837 "1838"	SPECIES			hylocrius		Hemitragus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1837 p.81		warryato (Gray, 1842).	S India (Western Ghats along border between Kerala and Tamil Nadu).	IUCN  Endangered.	Included in jemlahicus by Haltenorth (1963:125) but generally regarded as a full species, for example by Corbet and Hill (1991).	Nilgiri Tahr
14200799	Hemitragus jayakari	Thomas 1894	SPECIES			jayakari		Hemitragus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.13 p.365			Oman; United Arab Emirates (extinct).	U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Endangered.	Included in jemlahicus by Haltenorth (1963:125) but see Harrison (1968:324).	Arabian Tahr
14200800	Hemitragus jemlahicus	C. H. Smith 1826	SPECIES			jemlahicus		Hemitragus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	In Griffith et al., Animal Kingdom vol.4 p.pl. [1826] opp. p. 308 [1827]		iharal (Wagner, 1836); jemlaicus Gray, 1847; jemlanica (C. H. Smith, 1827); jharal (Hodgson, 1833); quadrimammis (Hodgson, 1836); schaeferi Pohle, 1944; tubericornis (Wagner, 1836).	Himalayas including China (S Tibet), N India (Jammu and Kashmir; Sikkim), and Nepal. Introduced in New Zealand and Western Cape Prov. (South Africa).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Specific name is spelt "jemlanica" on p. 308 in the original description which was published in 1827 and "jemlahica" in legend to the plate on the opposite unnumbered page, dated 1826.	Himalayan Tahr
14200801	Naemorhedus	C. H. Smith 1827	GENUS					Naemorhedus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	In Griffith et al., Animal Kingdom vol.5 p.352	Antilope goral Hardwicke, 1825.	Caprina Wagner, 1844; Kemas Ogilby, 1837; Naemorhaedus Jardine, 1836; Nemorhaedus Hodgson, 1841; Nemorhedus Agassiz, 1842; Nemorrhaedus Trouessart, 1898; Nemorrhedus Gray, 1843; Urotragus Gray, 1871.			The original spelling is "Naemorhedus". Naemorhaedus, Nemorhaedus, Nemorhedus, Nemorrhaedus, and Nemorrhedus are later spellings. If one of these is in prevailing usage (Article 33.2.3.1, International Code of Zoological Nomenclature; International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1999), it can be deemed to be a justified emendation, but this has yet to be demonstrated. Reviewed by Dolan (1963) and Groves and Grubb (1985) who included Capricornis in this genus; revised by Groves and Grubb (in prep.), who once again confined Naemorhedus to gorals and separated griseus from caudatus.	
14200803	Naemorhedus caudatus	Milne-Edwards 1867	SPECIES			caudatus		Naemorhedus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. Paris, ser. 5 vol.7 p.377		crispa (Radde, 1862); raddeanus (Heude, 1894).	E Russia (Primorsky and Khabarovsk Territories), NE China (Heilonjiang, Jilin), and Korea.	CITES  Appendix I; IUCN  Vulnerable as N. c. caudatus and N. c. raddeanus.	Fully described by Milne-Edwards, Rech. Hist. Nat. Mamm., Faune Chine, p. , pl.23, 23a, 23b [1868]. Regarded as a species distinct from N. goral by Groves and Grubb (1985). Reviewed by J. I. Mead (1989, Mammalian Species, 335, as Nemorhaedus goral).	Long-tailed Goral
14200804	Naemorhedus goral	Hardwicke 1825	SPECIES			goral		Naemorhedus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol.14 p.518		duvaucelii (C. H. Smith, 1827); hodgsoni (Lydekker, 1905); bedfordi (Lydekker, 1905).	Himalayas in Bhutan, China (S Tibet), N India (including Sikkim), Nepal, and N Pakistan.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Lower Risk (nt) as N. g. bedfordi and N. g. goral.	Reviewed by J. I. Mead (1989, Mammalian Species, 335, as Nemorhaedus goral).	Himalayan Goral
14200805	Naemorhedus goral subsp. goral	Hardwicke 1825	SUBSPECIES		goral	goral		Naemorhedus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol.14 p.518						
14200806	Naemorhedus goral subsp. bedfordi	Lydekker 1905	SUBSPECIES		bedfordi	goral		Naemorhedus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200817	Ovis ammon subsp. collium	Severtzov 1873	SUBSPECIES		collium	ammon		Ovis	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200818	Ovis ammon subsp. comosa	Hollister 1919	SUBSPECIES		comosa	ammon		Ovis	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200807	Naemorhedus griseus	Milne-Edwards 1871	SPECIES			griseus		Naemorhedus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, Bull. vol.7 p.93		aldridgeanus (Heude, 1894); arnouxianus (Heude, 1888); cinerea (Milne-Edwards, 1874); curvicornis (Heude, 1894); fantozatianus (Heude, 1894); fargesianus (Heude, 1894); galeanus (Heude, 1894); henryanus (Heude, 1890); initialis (Heude, 1894); iodinus (Heude, 1894); niger (Heude, 1894); pinchonianus (Heude, 1894); versicolor (Heude, 1894); vidianus Heude, 1894; xanthodeiros (Heude, 1894); evansi (Lydekker, 1902).	W Burma, E China (SW Inner Mongolia to Yunnan), NE India (Provinces E of Bangladesh), and NW Thailand. Also SE Burma and N Vietnam (Tonkin) (Groves and Grubb, in prep.). Occurrence in Laos as yet unconfirmed (Duckworth et al., 1999).	IUCN  Vulnerable as N. caudatus evansi and N. c. griseus.	Fully described by Milne-Edwards, Rech. Hist. Nat. Mamm., Faune Tibet-Oriental, p. 361, pl.70, 71, 71a [1874]. Reviewed by J. I. Mead (1989, Mammalian Species, 335, as Nemorhaedus goral).	Chinese Goral
14200808	Naemorhedus griseus subsp. griseus	Milne-Edwards 1871	SUBSPECIES		griseus	griseus		Naemorhedus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, Bull. vol.7 p.93						
14200809	Naemorhedus griseus subsp. evansi	Lydekker 1902	SUBSPECIES		evansi	griseus		Naemorhedus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200810	Oreamnos	Rafinesque 1817	GENUS					Oreamnos	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Am. Mon. Mag. vol.2 p.44	Mazama dorsata Rafinesque, 1817 (= R[upicapra]. americanus de Blainville, 1816).	Aplocerus C. H. Smith, 1827; Haploceros Flower and Garson, 1884; Haplocerus Wagner, 1844; Oreamnus Elliot, 1901.				
14200811	Oreamnos americanus	de Blainville 1816	SPECIES			americanus		Oreamnos	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris vol.1816 p.80		columbiae Hollister, 1912; columbianus (Desmoulins, 1823); dorsatus (Rafinesque, 1817); kennedyi (Elliot, 1900); lanigera (C. H. Smith, 1821); missoulae J. A. Allen, 1904; montanus (Ord, 1815) [preoccupied]; sericeus (Rafinesque, 1817).	SE Alaska (USA), S Yukon and SW Mackenzie (Canada) to NC Oregon, C Idaho, and Montana (USA). Introduced to Kodiak, Chichagof, and Baranof Isls (Alaska), Olympic Peninsula (Washington), C Montana, Black Hills (South Dakota), and Colorado (USA).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Revised by Cowan and McCrory (1970). Reviewed by Rideout and Hoffmann (1975, Mammalian Species, 63).	Mountain Goat
14200812	Ovibos	de Blainville 1816	GENUS					Ovibos	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris vol.1816 p.76	Bos moschatus Zimmermann, 1780.	Bosovis  Kowarzik, 1911; Criotaurus Gloger, 1841.				
14200813	Ovibos moschatus	Zimmermann 1780	SPECIES			moschatus		Ovibos	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Geogr. Gesch. Mensch. Vierf. Thiere vol.2 p.86		mackenzianus  Kowarzik, 1908; melvillensis Kowarzik, 1909; niphoecus Elliot, 1905; pearyi Allen, 1901 [unavailable]; platycerus (G. Fischer [von Waldheim], 1814); wardi Lydekker, 1900.	Formerly Point Barrow, Alaska (USA) east to NE Greenland, south to NE Manitoba (Canada). Range now much reduced. Introduced to Seward Peninsula and Nunivak Isl, Alaska (USA); Taimyr Peninsula and Wrangel Isl (Russia); and Svalbard (Norway), where it has since died out.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Revised by Tener (1965). Reviewed by Lent (1988, Mammalian Species, 302).	Muskox
14200852	Pseudois	Hodgson 1846	GENUS					Pseudois	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.15 p.343	Ovis nayaur Hodgson, 1833.	Pseudovis Gill, 1872.			Revised by Groves (1978c). Reviewed by Wang and Hoffmann (1987).	
14200887	Cephalophus nigrifrons subsp. rubidus	Thomas 1901	SUBSPECIES		rubidus	nigrifrons		Cephalophus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200814	Ovis	Linnaeus 1758	GENUS					Ovis	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.70	Ovis aries Linnaeus, 1758.	Ammon de Blainville, 1816; Argali Gray, 1852; Aries Link, 1795; Caprovis Hodgson, 1847; Musimon Pallas, 1776; Musmon Schrank, 1798; Pachyceros Gromova, 1936.			Placed in Capra by Van Gelder (1977b); see comments under Capra. There is no consensus concerning the number of species to be recognized in this genus; some would recognize only one (ammon; see Haltenorth, 1963:126-128); others two (ammon, canadensis; see Corbet, 1978c:218); while others recognize up to seven, as do the most recent reviews (Korobitsyna et al., 1974; Nadler et al., 1973). Five species are listed here. Species-groups are nominate Ovis or aries group (includes also ammon) and Pachyceros or canadensis group (includes also dalli and nivicola).	
14200815	Ovis ammon	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			ammon		Ovis	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.70		altaica Severtzov, 1873; argail Walther, 1809; argali Boddaert, 1785; asiatica (Pallas, 1776); daurica Severtzov, 1873 [preoccupied]; fera Pallas, 1776; mongolica Severtzov, 1873 [preoccupied]; przevalskii Nasonov, 1923; typica Lydekker, 1898; collium Severtzov, 1873; comosa Hollister, 1919; jubata Peters, 1876 [preoccupied]; darwini Przewalski, 1883; intermedia Gromova, 1936; kozlovi Nasonov, 1913; hodgsonii Blyth, 1841; adametzi Kowarzik, 1913; ammonoides Hodgson, 1841; bambhera (Gray, 1852); blythi Severtzov, 1873; broockii Glür, 1894; brookei Ward, 1874; dalailamae Przewalski, 1888; henrii Milne-Edwards, 1892; karelini Severtzov, 1873; heinsii Severtzov, 1873; humei Lydekker, 1913; littledalei Lydekker, 1902; nassanovi Laptev, 1929; sairensis Lydekker, 1898; nigrimontana Severtzov, 1873; polii Blyth, 1841; typica Lydekker, 1898; severtzovi Nasonov, 1914.	China (Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, N and S Sinkiang, W Sichuan, Tibet including Qinghai), N India (Ladak, Sikkim, Spiti), E Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Nepal (Tibetan border), Pamir Range (NE Afghanistan, N Pakistan), SC Siberia (Altai Mntns), and Tajikistan.	CITES  Appendix I as O. a. hodgsoni and O. a. nigrimontana, otherwise Appendix II; U.S. ESA  Endangered, except in Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, and Tajikistan, where status is Threatened; IUCN  Critically Endangered as O. a. nigrimontana and O. a. jubata [= comosa], Endangered as O. a. severtsovi and O. a. darwini, Vulnerable as O. a. hodgsonii, O. a. ammon, O. a. collium, O. a. karelini, and O. a. polii.	Haltenorth (1963:121) and Corbet (1978c:218) included orientalis (= aries), musimon and vignei, but Nadler et al. (1973) and Corbet and Hill (1991:136) excluded them. The names daurica, jubata and mongolica are preoccupied by names of domestic sheep. Subspecies reviewed by Sopin (1982) and revised by Geist (1990 and in Shackleton, 1997). Diploid chromosome complement (2n = 56) and examination of mitochondrial region sequences indicate that severtzovi is not part of vignei division of O. aries, but a primitive argali, sister taxon to the rest of the species (Bunch et al, 1998; Wu et al., 2003). Wu et al. (2003) transferred severtzovi to O. ammon.	Argali
14200816	Ovis ammon subsp. ammon	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		ammon	ammon		Ovis	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.70						
14200825	Ovis aries	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			aries		Ovis	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.70		adimain Boddaert, 1785; aegyptiaca Fitzinger, 1860; africana Linnaeus, 1758; anatolica Fitzinger, 1860; anglica Linnaeus, 1758; angolensis Fitzinger, 1860; antillarum Fitzinger, 1860; appendiculata Gené, 1834; arabica Fitzinger, 1860; arietina Fitzinger, 1860; arvernensis Sanson, 1878; asiatica Sanson, 1878; astracanica Reichenbach, 1845; astrachanica Gené, 1834; bakelensis de Rochbrune, 1882; barbarica Reichenbach, 1845; batavica Sanson, 1878; belgica Walther, 1809; bergamena Fitzinger, 1860; bohemica Walther, 1809 [nomen nudum]; borealis Fitzinger, 1860; brachyura Pallas, 1776; brittanica Sanson, 1878; bucharica Gmelin, 1758; buraetica Fitzinger, 1860; cabardinica Fitzinger, 1860; calmuccorum Fitzinger, 1860; calotis Fitzinger, 1860; campestris Fitzinger, 1860; capensis Erxleben, 1777; carnapi Müller-Liebenweide, 1896; colchica Fitzinger, 1860; congensis Reichenbach, 1845; corneri Millais, 1906; cornuta Erxleben, 1777; cretensis Boddaert, 1785; dacica Rautenbach, 1845; danica Walther, 1809; daurica Fitzinger, 1860; djalonensis de Rochebrune, 1882; dolichura Pallas, 1776; domestica (G. Fischer [von Waldheim], 1814); ecaudata I. Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, 1827; gallica Walther, 1809; germanica Walther, 1809; gothlandica G. Fischer [von Waldheim], 1814; guineensis Linnaeus, 1758; gutturosa Wagner, 1836; hebridica Fitzinger, 1860; hibernica Fitzinger, 1860; hispanica Linnaeus, 1758; hollandica Walther, 1809 [nomen nudum]; holsatica Fitzinger, 1860; hoonia Hodgson, 1842; indica Reichenbach, 1845; ingevonensis Sanson, 1878; iberica Sanson, 1878; islandica Pallas, 1794; italica Walther, 1809; jubata Kerr, 1792; kirgisica Fitzinger, 1860; laticauda Boddaert, 1785; laticaudata Linnaeus, 1758; leptura von Schreber, 1788; libyca Fitzinger, 1860; ligeriensis Sanson, 1878; lombardica Brüggemann, 1831; longicauda Gmelin, 1789; longicaudata Erxleben, 1777; longipes Desmarest, 1822; macedonica Fitzinger, 1860; macrocerca von Schreber, 1788; macroura Walther, 1809; madagascariensis Fitzinger, 1860; melanocephalus de Rochebrune, 1883; monasteriensis Fitzinger, 1860; mongolica Fitzinger, 1860; nana Kerr, 1792; numida Fitzinger, 1860; orcadica Fitzinger, 1860; ovis (Pallas, 1811); pachycerca Fitzinger, 1860; paduana Reichenbach, 1845; palaeoaegyptica Duerst and Gaillard, 1902; palustris Glür, 1895; parnassica Fitzinger, 1860; pegasus (C. H. Smith, 1827) [nomen dubium]; parnassica Reichenbach, 1845; persica Reichenbach, 1845; platyura Pallas, 1794; polonica Walther, 1809; polycerata Linnaeus, 1758; polyceros Boddaert, 1785; quadricornis Boddaert, 1785; recurvicauda Gené, 1834; rustica Linnaeus, 1758; scotica Fitzinger, 1860; senegalensis Fitzinger, 1860; sodanica Sanson, 1878; steatinion C. H. Smith, 1827; steatopyga Pallas, 1776; strepsiceros Linnaeus, 1758; studeri Duerst, 1904; suecica Walther, 1809; syenitica Fitzinger, 1855; syriaca Fitzinger, 1860; tarentina Fitzinger, 1860; tatarica Fitzinger, 1860; taurica Pallas, 1794; torticornis Reichenbach, 1845; tscherkessica Pallas, 1776; tunetana Fitzinger, 1860; turcica Walther, 1809; ungarica Walther, 1809; zetlandica Fitzinger, 1860; arkal Eversmann, 1850; arkar Brandt, 1852; dolgopolovi Nasonov, 1913; varentsowi Satunin, 1905; cycloceros Hutton, 1842; arabica Sopin and Harrison, 1986; blanfordi Hume, 1877; bochariensis Nasonov, 1914; punjabiensis Lydekker, 1913; isphahanica Nasonov, 1910; isphaganica Nasonov, 1910 [incorrect original spelling]; laristanica Nasonov, 1909; musimon (Pallas, 1811); corsicosardinensis Kowarzik, 1913; corsica Bourguignat, 1870; europaea Kerr, 1792 [nomen oblitum]; faidherbi Bourguignat, 1870; lartetiana Bourguignat, 1870; matschiei Duerst, 1905; musmon C. H. Smith, 1827; musimon von Schreber, 1782 [unavailable]; occidentalis Brandt and Ratzeburg, 1829; occidentosardinensis Kowarzik, 1913; rouvieri Bourguignat, 1870; sinesella Turcek, 1949; ophion Blyth, 1841; cypria Blasius, 1842; orientalis Gmelin, 1774; anatolica Valenciennes, 1856; armeniana Nasonov, 1919; erskinei Lydekker, 1904; gmelinii Blyth, 1841; typica Lydekker, 1898; urmiana Günther, 1899; vignei Blyth, 1841.	Urial or Arkar in Afghanistan, NW India (Kashmir), NE and SE Iran, SW Kazakhstan, Oman (introduced?), Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. Intermediate Laristan sheep in S Iran. Red Sheep or Mouflon in Armenia, S Azerbaijan, N Iraq, W Iran, and S and E Turkey; transported populations (Mouflon) on Corsica and Sardinia, introduced from there to Europe, Ukraine (Crimea), USA (incl. Hawaiian Isls), Chile, Kerguelen Isls, and Tenerife (Canary Isls); and on Cyprus. Domesticated worldwide; feral populations on St. Kilda and other small islands off the British Isles; improved domestic stock feral in Norway, Sweden, USA, islands off coasts of United Kingdom and New Zealand, Kerguelen Isls, and probably other oceanic islands.	CITES  Appendix I as O. orientalis ophion and O. vignei vignei, Appendix II as O. vignei; U.S. ESA  Endangered as O. musimon ophion and O. vignei vignei; IUCN  Endangered as O. orientalis ophion, O. o. bochariensis, O. o. punjabiensis, and O. o. vignei, Vulnerable as O. o. isphahanica, O. o. laristanica, O. o. arkal, O. o. gmelini, O. o. musimon, and O. o. cycloceros.	Includes orientalis; see Nadler et al. (1973). Also includes musimon and ophion, introduced in Neolithic to Corsica, Sardinia and Cyprus; see Payne (1968), Vigne (1988), and Hemmer (1990). For correct authorship of musimon, see Uerpmann (1980); Pallas (1811) included the Mouflon of Sardinia and Corsica described by Cetti with the Arkar of Turkmenistan and Iran as syntypes of musimon (Heptner et al., 1961). To avoid musimon being a senior synonym of arkal, the lectotype of musimon must be designated as a Corsican or Sardinian Mouflon. Gentry et al. (1996) proposed that majority usage be confirmed by adoption of Ovis orientalis as the name for the wild taxon of Red Sheep and asked the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature to use its plenary powers to rule that the name for this wild species is not invalid by virtue of being antedated by the name based on the domestic form. A ruling has now been made in their fav... [truncated]	Red Sheep
14200826	Ovis aries subsp. aries	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		aries	aries		Ovis	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.70						
14200827	Ovis aries subsp. arkal	Eversmann 1850	SUBSPECIES		arkal	aries		Ovis	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200828	Ovis aries subsp. cycloceros	Hutton 1842	SUBSPECIES		cycloceros	aries		Ovis	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200829	Ovis aries subsp. isphahanica	Nasonov 1910	SUBSPECIES		isphahanica	aries		Ovis	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200830	Ovis aries subsp. laristanica	Nasonov 1909	SUBSPECIES		laristanica	aries		Ovis	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200831	Ovis aries subsp. musimon	Pallas 1811	SUBSPECIES		musimon	aries		Ovis	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200832	Ovis aries subsp. ophion	Blyth 1841	SUBSPECIES		ophion	aries		Ovis	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200833	Ovis aries subsp. orientalis	Gmelin 1774	SUBSPECIES		orientalis	aries		Ovis	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200834	Ovis aries subsp. vignei	Blyth 1841	SUBSPECIES		vignei	aries		Ovis	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200853	Pseudois nayaur	Hodgson 1833	SPECIES			nayaur		Pseudois	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Asiat. Res. vol.18 2 p.135		barhal (Hodgson, 1846); burrhel (Blyth, 1841); caesia Howell, 1928; nahoor (Hodgson, 1835); nahura (Gray, 1843); szechuanensis W. Rothschild, 1922.	Bhutan, N Burma (Rabinowitz, 1996), China (Gansu, S Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Sichuan, S Sinkiang, Tibet including Qinghai, and N Yunnan), Himalayas (N India, Nepal, N Pakistan), and SE Tajikistan (Pamir Range).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt) as P. n. nayaur and P. n. szechuanensis, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	See Wang and Hoffmann (1987, Mammalian Species, 278).	Bharal
14200854	Pseudois schaeferi	Haltenorth 1963	SPECIES			schaeferi		Pseudois	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Handb. Zool. vol.8 32 p.126			China (Upper Yangtze Gorge in W Sichuan and adjacent parts of Tibet and N Yunnan).	IUCN  Endangered.	A separate species according to Groves (1978c:183). See Wang and Hoffmann (1987, Mammalian Species, 278).	Dwarf Bharal
14200835	Ovis canadensis	Shaw 1804	SPECIES			canadensis		Ovis	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Nat. Misc. vol.51 p.text to pl. 610		auduboni  Merriam, 1901; cervina Desmarest, 1804; montana von Schreber, 1804; palmeri (Cragin, 1900); pygargus C. H. Smith, 1827; californiana Douglas, 1829; ellioti Kowarzik, 1913 [nomen nudum]; samilkameenensis Millais, 1915; sierrae Grinnell, 1912; cremnobates Elliot, 1904; mexicana Merriam, 1901; gaillardi Mearns, 1907; sheldoni Merriam, 1916; texianus V. Bailey, 1912; nelsoni Merriam, 1897; weemsi Goldman, 1937.	S British Columbia and SW Alberta (Canada) to Coahuila, Chihuahua, Sonora and Baja California (Mexico).	CITES  Appendix II (Mexican population); U.S. ESA  Endangered as O. c. californiana in Sierra Nevada, California; Endangered as O. canadensis in peninsular ranges of Calfornia; IUCN  Critically Endangered as O. c. weemsi; Endangered as O. c. cremnobates; Vulnerable as O. c. mexicana; Lower Risk (cd) as O. c. californiana and O. c. nelsoni; otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	For locality where Duncan McGillivray shot the type, see J. A. Allen (1912). Corbet (1978c:218) included nivicola; but see also Korobitsyna et al. (1974) and Corbet and Hill (1991:135). Revised by Cowan (1940) and Wehausen and Ramey (2000). Reviewed by Shackleton (1985, Mammalian Species, 230).	Bighorn Sheep
14200836	Ovis canadensis subsp. canadensis	Shaw 1804	SUBSPECIES		canadensis	canadensis		Ovis	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Nat. Misc. vol.51 p.text to pl. 610						
14200837	Ovis canadensis subsp. californiana	Douglas 1829	SUBSPECIES		californiana	canadensis		Ovis	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200838	Ovis canadensis subsp. cremnobates	Elliot 1904	SUBSPECIES		cremnobates	canadensis		Ovis	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200839	Ovis canadensis subsp. mexicana	Merriam 1901	SUBSPECIES		mexicana	canadensis		Ovis	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200840	Ovis canadensis subsp. nelsoni	Merriam 1897	SUBSPECIES		nelsoni	canadensis		Ovis	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200841	Ovis canadensis subsp. weemsi	Goldman 1937	SUBSPECIES		weemsi	canadensis		Ovis	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200842	Ovis dalli	Nelson 1884	SPECIES			dalli		Ovis	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. vol.7 p.13		kenaiensis J. A. Allen, 1902; stonei J. A. Allen, 1897; cowani W. Rothschild, 1907; fannini Hornaday, 1901; liardensis Lydekker, 1898; niger Millais, 1915.	Alaska to N British Columbia and W Mackenzie (Canada).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Hybrid zone between Dall's Sheep sensu stricto (dalli) and Stone's Sheep (stonei) (Sheldon, 1919). Revised by Cowan (1940). Reviewed by Bowyer and Leslie (1992, Mammalian Species, 393).	Dall's Sheep
14200934	Sylvicapra grimmia subsp. steinhardti	Zukowsky 1924	SUBSPECIES		steinhardti	grimmia		Sylvicapra	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200843	Ovis dalli subsp. dalli	Nelson 1884	SUBSPECIES		dalli	dalli		Ovis	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. vol.7 p.13						
14200844	Ovis dalli subsp. stonei	J. A. Allen 1897	SUBSPECIES		stonei	dalli		Ovis	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200845	Ovis nivicola	Eschscholtz 1829	SPECIES			nivicola		Ovis	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Zool. Atlas vol.Part 1 p.p. 1, pl. 1		storcki J. A. Allen, 1904; borealis Severtzov, 1872; albula Nasonov, 1923 [unavailable]; alleni Matschie, 1907; lenaensis Kowarzik, 1913 [nomen nudum]; lydekkeri Kowarzik, 1913; middendorfi Kowarzik, 1913; obscura Nasonov, 1923 [unavailable]; potanini Nasonov, 1915; kodarensis Medvedev, 1994; koriakorum Chernyavskii, 1962.	Russia (Putorana Mtns, NC Siberia; NE Siberia from Lena River east to Chukotka and Kamchatka).	IUCN  Vulnerable as O. n. borealis, Lower Risk (nt) as O. n. nivicola; Lower Risk (lc) as O. n. alleni and O. n. lydekkeri.	Corbet (1978c:218) and others included nivicola in canadensis; but see Korobitsyna et al. (1974) and Gromov and Baranova (1981:407). Subspecies reviewed by Heptner et al. (1961) and Valdez (1982) whose synonymy is followed here.	Snow Sheep
14200846	Ovis nivicola subsp. nivicola	Eschscholtz 1829	SUBSPECIES		nivicola	nivicola		Ovis	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Zool. Atlas vol.Part 1 p.p. 1, pl. 1						
14200847	Ovis nivicola subsp. borealis	Severtzov 1872	SUBSPECIES		borealis	nivicola		Ovis	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200848	Ovis nivicola subsp. kodarensis	Medvedev 1994	SUBSPECIES		kodarensis	nivicola		Ovis	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200849	Ovis nivicola subsp. koriakorum	Chernyavskii 1962	SUBSPECIES		koriakorum	nivicola		Ovis	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200850	Pantholops	Hodgson 1834	GENUS					Pantholops	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1834 p.81	Antilope hodgsonii Abel, 1826.					
14200886	Cephalophus nigrifrons subsp. kivuensis	Lönnberg 1919	SUBSPECIES		kivuensis	nigrifrons		Cephalophus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200855	Rupicapra	de Blainville 1816	GENUS					Rupicapra	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris vol.1816 p.75	Capra rupicapra Linnaeus, 1768.	Rupicapra Frisch, 1775 [unavailable]; Capella Keyserling and Blasius, 1840.			Revised by Lovari and Scala (1980, 1984), Scala and Lovari (1984), and Nascetti et al. (1985).	
14200856	Rupicapra pyrenaica	Bonaparte 1845	SPECIES			pyrenaica		Rupicapra	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Cat. Meth. Mamm. Europe p.17		parva Cabrera, 1911; ornata Neumann, 1899.	Appenine Mtns (Italy), Cantabrian Mtns (Spain), and Pyrenees (France and N Spain).	CITES  Appendix I as R. pyrenaica ornata; U.S. ESA  Endangered as R. rupicapra ornata; IUCN  Endangered as R. p. ornata, Lower Risk (lc) as R. pyrenaica.	Revised by Lovari and Scala (1980) and Scala and Lovari (1984). Regarded as a species distinct from R. rupicapra by Lovari (1985, 1987).	Pyrenean Chamois
14200857	Rupicapra pyrenaica subsp. pyrenaica	Bonaparte 1845	SUBSPECIES		pyrenaica	pyrenaica		Rupicapra	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Cat. Meth. Mamm. Europe p.17						
14200858	Rupicapra pyrenaica subsp. ornata	Neumann 1899	SUBSPECIES		ornata	pyrenaica		Rupicapra	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200874	Cephalophus leucogaster	Gray 1873	SPECIES			leucogaster		Cephalophus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4 vol.12 p.43		arrhenii Lönnberg, 1917; seke Lorenz, 1924.	Rainforest zone in Cameroon, S Central African Republic, Dem. Rep. Congo, Equatorial Guinea (Mbini), Gabon, Republic of Congo.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Cephalophus castaneus arrhenii Lönnberg, 1917 is based on a skull of C. leucogaster (the lectotype) and a skin of C. badius (Grubb and Groves, 2002).	White-bellied Duiker
14200925	Sylvicapra grimmia subsp. campbelliae	Gray 1843	SUBSPECIES		campbelliae	grimmia		Sylvicapra	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200875	Cephalophus leucogaster subsp. leucogaster	Gray 1873	SUBSPECIES		leucogaster	leucogaster		Cephalophus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4 vol.12 p.43						
14200859	Rupicapra rupicapra	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			rupicapra		Rupicapra	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.68		alpina (Sundevall, 1847); capella Bonaparte, 1845; cartusiana Coutourier, 1938; dorcas Schulze, 1807; europea Cornallia, 1871; faesula Miller, 1912; hamulicornis Burnett, 1830; sylvatica (Sundevall, 1847); tragus Gray, 1843; asiatica Lydekker, 1908; caucasica Lydekker, 1910; balcanica Bolkay, 1925; olympica Koller, 1929; carpatica Coutourier, 1938; tatrica Blahout, 1971.	Albania, Alps (of Austria, France, Germany, Italy, and Switzerland), Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Caucasus Mtns (Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russia), Croatia, Greece, Macedonia, Romania (Carpathians), Slovakia (Tatra Mtns), Slovenia, Turkey, and Serbia and Montenegro; introduced to New Zealand.	IUCN  Critically Endangered as R. r. cartusiana and R. r. tatrica, Vulnerable as R. r. caucasica, Data Deficient as R. r. asiatica, Lower Risk (lc) as R. r. balcanica, R. r. carpatica, R. r. rupicapra.	Revised by Hrabe and Koubek (1985), Lovari and Scala (1980, 1984), and Pemberton et al (1989).	Alpine Chamois
14200860	Rupicapra rupicapra subsp. rupicapra	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		rupicapra	rupicapra		Rupicapra	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.68						
14200861	Rupicapra rupicapra subsp. asiatica	Lydekker 1908	SUBSPECIES		asiatica	rupicapra		Rupicapra	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200862	Rupicapra rupicapra subsp. balcanica	Bolkay 1925	SUBSPECIES		balcanica	rupicapra		Rupicapra	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200863	Rupicapra rupicapra subsp. carpatica	Coutourier 1938	SUBSPECIES		carpatica	rupicapra		Rupicapra	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200864	Rupicapra rupicapra subsp. tatrica	Blahout 1971	SUBSPECIES		tatrica	rupicapra		Rupicapra	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200865	Cephalophinae	Gray 1871	SUBFAMILY						Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1871 p.588		Sylvicaprina Sundevall, 1846.			Reviewed extensively by Wilson (2002), with systematics revised by Grubb and Groves (2002). Jansen van Vuuren and Robinson (2001) studied phylogeny, using evidence from mtDNA. Sylvicaprina as Sylvicaprinae has only been used since 1899 as junior to Cephalophinae so should not replace it (Article 35.5, International Code of Zoological Nomenclature; International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1999).	
14200866	Cephalophus	C. H. Smith 1827	GENUS					Cephalophus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	In Griffith et al., Animal Kingdom vol.5 p.344	Antilope silvicultrix Afzelius, 1815.	Cephalolophus Wagner, 1843; Cephalophella Knottnerus-Meyer, 1907; Cephalophia Knottnerus-Meyer, 1907; Cephalophidium Knottnerus-Meyer, 1907; Cephalophops Knottnerus-Meyer, 1907; Cephalophorus Gray, 1842; Cephalophula Knottnerus-Meyer, 1907; Potamotragus Gray, 1871; Terpone Gray, 1871.			Van Gelder (1977b) included Sylvicapra but recent authors have not followed this arrangement (Meester et al. 1986; Swanepoel et al. 1980:188). Jansen van Vuuren and Robinson (2001) together with Grubb and Groves (2002) categorized species groups as follows: C. ogilbyi or Cephalophorus group (includes three subgroups: [i] adersi, [ii] leucogaster, natalensis, nigrifrons, rufilatus, [iii] brookei, callipygus, niger, ogilbyi, weynsi); C. silvicultor or nominate Cephalophus group (includes also badius, jentinki, and spadix); and C. zebra or Cephalophula group (monotypic).	
14200867	Cephalophus adersi	Thomas 1918	SPECIES			adersi		Cephalophus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.2 p.151			Tanzania (Zanzibar) and Kenya (Sokoke Forest).	IUCN  Endangered.	Thought possibly to be conspecific with natalensis and/or callipygus; see Ansell (1972:33) but these presumed affinities were not supported by Jansen van Vuuren and Robinson (2001).	Aders' Duiker
14200868	Cephalophus brookei	Thomas 1903	SPECIES			brookei		Cephalophus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.11 p.290			Sierra Leone, Liberia, W Côte dIvoire, W Ghana.		Formerly included in C. ogilbyi; restored to species status by Grubb et al. (1998) and Grubb and Groves (2002).	Brooke's Duiker
14200869	Cephalophus callipygus	Peters 1876	SPECIES			callipygus		Cephalophus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1876 p.483			West of Congo and Ubangi Rivers in S Cameroon, S Central African Republic, Republic of Congo, and Gabon.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Thought possibly to be conspecific with natalensis and/or adersi (Ansell 1972:33) but callipygus is not closely related to natalensis (Groves and Grubb, 1974).	Peters' Duiker
14200870	Cephalophus dorsalis	Gray 1846	SPECIES			dorsalis		Cephalophus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.18 p.165		badius Gray, 1852; breviceps Gray, 1852; typicus Thomas, 1892; castaneus Thomas, 1892; kuha Lorenz, 1923; leucochilus Jentink, 1901; orientalis Schwarz, 1914.	Disjunct; in rainforest zone; W Africa in Côte dIvoire, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Togo; C Africa in NE Angola, Cameroon, Dem. Rep. Congo, S Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea (Mbini), Gabon, SE Nigeria, Republic of Congo, Uganda (one record; extinct).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Treated as two evolutionary species, C. dorsalis and C. castaneus by Cotterill (2003b).	Bay Duier
14200871	Cephalophus dorsalis subsp. dorsalis	Gray 1846	SUBSPECIES		dorsalis	dorsalis		Cephalophus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.18 p.165						
14200872	Cephalophus dorsalis subsp. castaneus	Thomas 1892	SUBSPECIES		castaneus	dorsalis		Cephalophus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200876	Cephalophus leucogaster subsp. arrhenii	Lönnberg 1917	SUBSPECIES	Cephalophus castaneus arrhenii	arrhenii	leucogaster		Cephalophus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla						Cephalophus castaneus arrhenii Lönnberg, 1917 is based on a skull of C. leucogaster (the lectotype) and a skin of C. badius (Grubb and Groves, 2002).	
14200877	Cephalophus natalensis	A. Smith 1834	SPECIES			natalensis		Cephalophus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	S. Afr. Quart. J. vol.2 p.217		amoenus Wroughton, 1911; bradshawi Wroughton, 1911; lebombo Roberts, 1936; robertsi W. Rothschild, 1906; vassei Trouessart, 1906; harveyi (Thomas, 1893); bottegoi De Beaux, 1924; keniae Lönnberg, 1912.	E Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, S Somalia, South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal), Swaziland, E and S Tanzania, and E Zambia; sight records from E Ethiopia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (cd) as C. natalensis and C. harveyi.	Ansell (1972:34) included harveyi and weynsi, and placed the extended natalensis with adersi and callipygus in a superspecies; Grubb and Groves (2002) and Van Vuuren and Robinson (2001) regarded natalensis + harveyi as distinct from callipygus + weynsi (and adersi), and treated harveyi as a subspecies of natalensis, though it was regarded as a species separate from C. natalensis by East et al. (1999), Kingdon (1982:297) and Cotterill (2003b).	Red Duiker
14200878	Cephalophus natalensis subsp. natalensis	A. Smith 1834	SUBSPECIES		natalensis	natalensis		Cephalophus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	S. Afr. Quart. J. vol.2 p.217						
14200879	Cephalophus natalensis subsp. harveyi	Thomas 1893	SUBSPECIES		harveyi	natalensis		Cephalophus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200880	Cephalophus niger	Gray 1846	SPECIES			niger		Cephalophus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.18 p.165		pluto (Temminck, 1853).	Rainforest zone, in Côte dIvoire, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria (west of lower Niger River), Sierra Leone, and Togo. No record from Benin.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	The type of niger came from the Leiden Museum, one of a series from Chama (= Shama) and Dabocrom, Ghana, including the syntypes of pluto. Only the specimens from Dabocrom were retained in Leiden (Jentink, 1892) so presumably the type is from Shama.	Black Duiker
14200881	Cephalophus nigrifrons	Gray 1871	SPECIES			nigrifrons		Cephalophus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1871 p.598		apanbanga Lorenz-Liburnau, 1923; aureus Gray, 1873; claudi Thomas and Wroughton, 1907; emini Noack, 1904; lusumbi Lönnberg, 1919; mixtus Lönnberg, 1917; fosteri St Leger, 1934; hooki St Leger, 1934; hypoxanthus Grubb and Groves, 2002; kivuensis Lönnberg, 1919; rubidus Thomas, 1901.	Rainforest zone in N Angola, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Dem. Rep. Congo, Equatorial Guinea (Mbini), Gabon, S Nigeria, and Republic of Congo; upland forest in Albertine Rift including Ruwenzori Mtns (Burundi, Dem. Rep. Congo, Rwanda, Uganda), Mt. Elgon (Uganda-Kenya border), Aberdare Range (Kenya), and Mt. Kenya (Kenya).	IUCN  Endangered as C. n. rubidus, otherwise Lower Risk (nt) as C. nigrifrons.	Treated as at least four evolutionary species (C. nigrifrons, C. fosteri, C. hooki, and C. rubidus) by Cotterill (2003b). Cephalophus rubidus also regarded as a species separate from C. nigrifrons by Kingdon (1982:292) and Jansen van Vuuren and Robinson (2001), but status revised by Grubb and Groves (2002 and in prep.).	Black-fronted Duiker
14200882	Cephalophus nigrifrons subsp. nigrifrons	Gray 1871	SUBSPECIES		nigrifrons	nigrifrons		Cephalophus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1871 p.598						
14200883	Cephalophus nigrifrons subsp. fosteri	St. Leger 1934	SUBSPECIES		fosteri	nigrifrons		Cephalophus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200884	Cephalophus nigrifrons subsp. hooki	St. Leger 1934	SUBSPECIES		hooki	nigrifrons		Cephalophus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200885	Cephalophus nigrifrons subsp. hypoxanthus	Grubb and Groves 2002	SUBSPECIES		hypoxanthus	nigrifrons		Cephalophus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200888	Cephalophus ogilbyi	Waterhouse 1838	SPECIES			ogilbyi		Cephalophus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1838 p.60		crusalbum Grubb, 1978.	SE Nigeria, S Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea (Bioko), Gabon.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (nt) as C. ogilbyi and C. o. crusalbum.	Treated as two evolutionary species (C. ogilbyi, C. crusalbum) by Cotterill (2003b).	Ogilby's Duiker
14200889	Cephalophus ogilbyi subsp. ogilbyi	Waterhouse 1838	SUBSPECIES		ogilbyi	ogilbyi		Cephalophus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1838 p.60						
14200890	Cephalophus ogilbyi subsp. crusalbum	Grubb 1978	SUBSPECIES		crusalbum	ogilbyi		Cephalophus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200891	Cephalophus rufilatus	Gray 1846	SPECIES			rufilatus		Cephalophus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.18 p.166		cuvieri Fitzinger, 1869; rubidior Thomas and Wroughton, 1907.	Savanna zone in Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, S Chad, Côte dIvoire, NE Dem. Rep. Congo, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, S Mali, S Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, SW Sudan, Togo, and NW Uganda.	IUCN  Lower Risk (cd).	Known from a specimen collected by Adanson in Senegal as "la grimme" (Buffon, 1764:307, 329), and described as "Antilope grimmia" by Desmarest (1816c:191) from Coast of Guinea, based on misidentifications of this species as Sylvicapra grimmia (Linnaeus, 1758).	Red-flanked Duiker
14200926	Sylvicapra grimmia subsp. coronata	Gray 1842	SUBSPECIES		coronata	grimmia		Sylvicapra	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200927	Sylvicapra grimmia subsp. hindei	Wroughton 1910	SUBSPECIES		hindei	grimmia		Sylvicapra	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200892	Cephalophus silvicultor	Afzelius 1815	SPECIES			silvicultor		Cephalophus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Nova Acta Reg. Soc. Sci. Upsala vol.7 p.265, pl. 8, fig. l		punctulatus Gray, 1850; sclateri Jentink, 1901; sylvicultor Thomas, 1892; curticeps Grubb and Groves, 2002; longiceps Gray, 1865; ituriensis Rothschild and Neuville, 1907; melanoprymnus Gray, 1871; thomasi Jentink, 1901; ruficrista Bocage, 1869; coxi Jentink, 1906.	Dense vegetation in N Angola, Benin, S Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, S Chad, Côte dIvoire, Dem. Rep. Congo, Equatorial Guinea (Mbini), Gabon, Gambia (former occurrence doubtful), Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bisssau, W Kenya, Liberia, Nigeria, Republic of Congo, Rwanda (extinct?), S Senegal , Sierra Leone, SW Sudan, Togo, W Uganda, and Zambia.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Reviewed by Lumpkin and Kranz (1984, Mammalian Species, 225, as Cephalophus sylvicultor, an incorrect subsequent spelling).	Yellow-backed Duiker
14200893	Cephalophus silvicultor subsp. silvicultor	Afzelius 1815	SUBSPECIES		silvicultor	silvicultor		Cephalophus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Nova Acta Reg. Soc. Sci. Upsala vol.7 p.265, pl. 8, fig. l						
14200894	Cephalophus silvicultor subsp. curticeps	Grubb and Groves 2002	SUBSPECIES		curticeps	silvicultor		Cephalophus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200895	Cephalophus silvicultor subsp. longiceps	Gray 1865	SUBSPECIES		longiceps	silvicultor		Cephalophus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200896	Cephalophus silvicultor subsp. ruficrista	Bocage 1869	SUBSPECIES		ruficrista	silvicultor		Cephalophus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200897	Cephalophus spadix	True 1890	SPECIES			spadix		Cephalophus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. vol.13 p.227			Highlands of NE and C Tanzania.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Possibly a subspecies of silvicultor (Haltenorth, 1963:71).	Abbott's Duiker
14200898	Cephalophus weynsi	Thomas 1901	SPECIES			weynsi		Cephalophus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Ann. Mus. Congo Zool. vol.2 1 p.15		centralis Rothschild and Neuville, 1907; leopoldi Rothschild and Neuville, 1907; johnstoni Thomas, 1901; barbertoni Kershaw, 1923; ignifer Thomas, 1903; rutshuricus Lönnberg, 1917; lestradei Groves and Grubb, 1974.	S Central African Republic, Dem. Rep. Congo, W Kenya, Rwanda, S Sudan, and Uganda. Possibly in Omo basin, Ethiopia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Formerly included in callipygus, but separate according to Groves and Grubb (1974).	Weyns's Duiker
14200899	Cephalophus weynsi subsp. weynsi	Thomas 1901	SUBSPECIES		weynsi	weynsi		Cephalophus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Ann. Mus. Congo Zool. vol.2 1 p.15						
14200900	Cephalophus weynsi subsp. johnstoni	Thomas 1901	SUBSPECIES		johnstoni	weynsi		Cephalophus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200901	Cephalophus weynsi subsp. lestradei	Groves and Grubb 1974	SUBSPECIES		lestradei	weynsi		Cephalophus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200902	Cephalophus zebra	Gray 1838	SPECIES			zebra		Cephalophus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Ann. Nat. Hist. vol.1 p.27		doria (Ogilby, 1836) [suppressed]; doriae Thomas, 1898; zebrata (Robert, 1836) [suppressed].	W Côte dIvoire, Liberia, and W Sierra Leone.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Vulnerable.	For synonyms see Ansell (1980) and the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1985a). Reviewed by Kuhn (1966).	Zebra Duiker
14200964	Kobus ellipsiprymnus subsp. annectens	Schwarz 1913	SUBSPECIES		annectens	ellipsiprymnus		Kobus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200965	Kobus ellipsiprymnus subsp. crawshayi	P. L. Sclater 1894	SUBSPECIES		crawshayi	ellipsiprymnus		Kobus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200903	Philantomba	Blyth 1840	GENUS					Philantomba	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	In Cuvier's Animal Kingdom p.140	Antilope philantomba C. H. Smith, 1827 (= Antilope maxwellii C. H. Smith, 1827).	Guevei Gray, 1852.			Restored to generic rank (Grubb and Groves, 2002; Grubb et al., 1998; supported by Jansen van Vuuren and Robinson, 2001). For parapatric distribution of species in Nigeria, see Wilson (2002).	
14200904	Philantomba maxwellii	C. H. Smith 1827	SPECIES			maxwellii		Philantomba	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	In Griffith et al., Animal Kingdom vol.4 p.267		frederici (Laurillard, 1842); liberiensis (Hinton, 1920); lowei (Hinton, 1920); philantomba (C. H. Smith, 1827); whitfieldi (Gray, 1850); danei (Hinton, 1920).	Forested habitats in Benin, S Burkina Faso, Côte dIvoire, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Nigeria west of Cross River, Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Togo.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt) as Cephalophus maxwellii.	Included in P. monticola by Haltenorth and Diller (1977:43). Reviewed by Ralls (1973, Mammalian Species, 31).	Maxwell's Duiker
14200905	Philantomba maxwellii subsp. maxwellii	C. H. Smith 1827	SUBSPECIES		maxwellii	maxwellii		Philantomba	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	In Griffith et al., Animal Kingdom vol.4 p.267						
14200906	Philantomba maxwellii subsp. danei	Hinton 1920	SUBSPECIES		danei	maxwellii		Philantomba	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200928	Sylvicapra grimmia subsp. lobeliarum	Lönnberg 1919	SUBSPECIES		lobeliarum	grimmia		Sylvicapra	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200929	Sylvicapra grimmia subsp. madoqua	Rüppell 1836	SUBSPECIES		madoqua	grimmia		Sylvicapra	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200930	Sylvicapra grimmia subsp. nyansae	Neumann 1905	SUBSPECIES		nyansae	grimmia		Sylvicapra	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200931	Sylvicapra grimmia subsp. orbicularis	Peters 1852	SUBSPECIES		orbicularis	grimmia		Sylvicapra	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200907	Philantomba monticola	Thunberg 1789	SPECIES			monticola		Philantomba	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Resa uti Europa Africa, Asia... vol.2 p.66		caerula (C. H. Smith, 1827); caffer (Fitzinger, 1869); minuta (Forster, 1844); perpusilla (C. H. Smith, 1827); pygmea (Schinz, 1821); aequatorialis (Matschie, 1892); aequinoctialis (Lydekker, 1893); bakeri (Rothschild and Neuville, 1907); anchietae (Bocage, 1879); bicolor (Gray, 1863); fuscicolor (Blaine, 1922); ruddi (Blaine, 1922); congicus (Lönnberg, 1908); schultzei (Schwarz, 1914); defriesi (W. Rothschild, 1904); ludlami (Blaine, 1922); hecki (Matschie, 1897); nyasae (Thomas, 1902); lugens (Thomas, 1898); schusteri (Matschie, 1914); melanorheus (Gray, 1846); musculoides (Heller, 1913); simpsoni (Thomas, 1910); sundevalli (Fitzinger, 1869); pembae (Kershaw, 1924).	Forested habitats in N Angola, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Dem. Rep. Congo, Equatorial Guinea (Bioko, Mbini), Gabon, W and E Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria east of Cross River, Republic of Congo, South Africa (East Cape Prov., KwaZulu-Natal), S Sudan, Tanzania including Pemba and Zanzibar Isls, Uganda, Zambia, E Zimbabwe. Former or present occurrence in Swaziland uncertain. No record from Lesotho (Lynch, 1994).	CITES  Appendix II as Cephalophus monticola; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Cepalophus monticola.	May include maxwellii; see Haltenorth and Diller (1977:43). Can be partitioned between grey-legged melanorheus division (includes also aequatorialis, congicus, lugens, musculoides, and sundevalli) and red-legged nominate monticola division (includes also anchietae, bicolor, defriesi, hecki, and simpsoni). Cotterill (2003b) recognised pembae and melanorheus as evolutionary species.	Blue Duiker
14200908	Philantomba monticola subsp. monticola	Thunberg 1789	SUBSPECIES		monticola	monticola		Philantomba	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Resa uti Europa Africa, Asia... vol.2 p.66						
14200909	Philantomba monticola subsp. aequatorialis	Matschie 1892	SUBSPECIES		aequatorialis	monticola		Philantomba	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200910	Philantomba monticola subsp. anchietae	Bocage 1879	SUBSPECIES		anchietae	monticola		Philantomba	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200911	Philantomba monticola subsp. bicolor	Gray 1863	SUBSPECIES		bicolor	monticola		Philantomba	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200912	Philantomba monticola subsp. congicus	Lönnberg 1908	SUBSPECIES		congicus	monticola		Philantomba	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200913	Philantomba monticola subsp. defriesi	W. Rothschild 1904	SUBSPECIES		defriesi	monticola		Philantomba	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200914	Philantomba monticola subsp. hecki	Matschie 1897	SUBSPECIES		hecki	monticola		Philantomba	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200915	Philantomba monticola subsp. lugens	Thomas 1898	SUBSPECIES		lugens	monticola		Philantomba	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200916	Philantomba monticola subsp. melanorheus	Gray 1846	SUBSPECIES		melanorheus	monticola		Philantomba	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200917	Philantomba monticola subsp. musculoides	Heller 1913	SUBSPECIES		musculoides	monticola		Philantomba	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200918	Philantomba monticola subsp. simpsoni	Thomas 1910	SUBSPECIES		simpsoni	monticola		Philantomba	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200919	Philantomba monticola subsp. sundevalli	Fitzinger 1869	SUBSPECIES		sundevalli	monticola		Philantomba	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200966	Kobus ellipsiprymnus subsp. defassa	Rüppell 1835	SUBSPECIES		defassa	ellipsiprymnus		Kobus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200920	Sylvicapra	Ogilby 1836 "1837"	GENUS					Sylvicapra	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1836 p.138	Antilope mergens Desmarest, 1816 (= Capra grimmia Linnaeus, 1758).	Cephalophora  Gray, 1842; Grimmia Laurillard, 1842.			Included in Cephalophus by Haltenorth (1963:71) and Van Gelder (1977b:18); but see Ansell (1978:57), Swanepool et al. (1980:188), and Meester et al. (1986).	
14200921	Sylvicapra grimmia	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			grimmia		Sylvicapra	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.70		burchellii (C. H. Smith, 1827); cana (Oken, 1816) [unavailable]; mergens (Desmarest, 1816); nictitans (Thunberg, 1811); platous (C. H. Smith, 1827); ptoox (C. H. Smith, 1827); altivallis Heller, 1912; caffra Fitzinger, 1869; irrorata (Gray, 1871); noomei Roberts, 1926; transvaalensis Roberts, 1926; campbelliae (Gray, 1843); roosevelti Heller, 1912; coronata (Gray, 1842); hindei (Wroughton, 1910); lobeliarum Lönnberg, 1919; madoqua (Rüppell, 1836); abyssinica (Thomas, 1892); nyansae Neumann, 1905; lutea (Dollman, 1914); orbicularis (Peters, 1852); altifrons (Peters, 1852); deserti Heller, 1913; ocularis (Peters, 1852); shirensis (Wroughton, 1910); walkeri (Thomas, 1906); pallidior Schwarz, 1914; platyotis (Lesson, 1836); splendidula (Gray, 1891); flavescens (Lorenz, 1894); leucoprosopus (Neumann, 1899); uvirensis Lönnberg, 1919; steinhardti Zukowsky, 1924; bradfieldi Roberts, 1926; cunenensis Zukowsky, 1924; omurambae Zukowsky, 1924; ugabensis Zukowsky, 1924; vernayi Hill, 1926.	Non-forested habitats in Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, N Cameroon, Central African Republic, S Chad, Côte dIvoire, S, E, and N Dem. Rep. Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, S Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Malawi, S Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, S Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Republic of Congo, Senegal, N Sierra Leone, S Somalia, South Africa, Swaziland, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Bush Duiker
14200922	Sylvicapra grimmia subsp. grimmia	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		grimmia	grimmia		Sylvicapra	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.70						
14200923	Sylvicapra grimmia subsp. altivallis	Heller 1912	SUBSPECIES		altivallis	grimmia		Sylvicapra	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200924	Sylvicapra grimmia subsp. caffra	Fitzinger 1869	SUBSPECIES		caffra	grimmia		Sylvicapra	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200935	Hippotraginae	Sundevall 1845	SUBFAMILY						Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Öfversigt. Kongl.-Vetensk. Akad. Förhand. vol.1845 parts 2 and 3 p.31		Adacina Pilgrim, 1939; Oryginae Brooke, 1876.			Until the availability of Hippotragus Sundevall, 1845 was restored, the available name was Hippotraginae Sundevall, 1845 in Retzius and Lovén, Archiv. Skand. Bietr. Naturgesch., Greifswald, 1:445. Cladistic relations of genera: (Hippotragus)(Oryx, Addax) (Hassanin and Douzery, 1999a; Vrba and Gatesy, 1994).	
14200936	Addax	Laurillard 1841	GENUS					Addax	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	In d'Orbigny, Dict. Univ. Hist. Nat. vol.I p.619	Antelope suturosa Otto, 1825 (= Cerophorus nasomaculatus de Blainville, 1816).	Addax  Rafinesque, 1815 [nomen nudum].				
14200937	Addax nasomaculatus	de Blainville 1816	SPECIES			nasomaculatus		Addax	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris vol.1816 p.75		addax (Cretzschmar, 1826); gibbosa (Savi, 1828); mytilopes (C. H. Smith, 1827); suturosa (Otto, 1825).	Extinct in Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia, and probably Sudan. Vagrants still enter Algeria and Sudan. Survives in Chad, N Mali, Mauritania, and Niger.	Nearly extinct in wild (East, 1990). CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Proposed Endangered; IUCN  Critically Endangered.	The syntypes were observed by de Blainville in Bullock's Pantherion or Museum and the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons, both in London, UK. C. H. Smith (1827) suggested the specimens came from Guinea or Western Africa; Lydekker (1914b:148) stated that the type locality was probably Senegambia. These authors provided no evidence to support their conclusions and from the discussion in Sclater and Thomas (1898), it seems more probable that British hunters or collectors obtained Addax from the Tunisian Sahara, to which the type locality is here restricted.	Addax
14200938	Hippotragus	Sundevall 1845	GENUS					Hippotragus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Öfversigt. Kongl.-Vetensk. Akad. Förhand. vol.1845 parts 2 and 3 p.31	Antilope equina É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803.	Aegocera Berthold, 1827 [suppressed]; Aegocoerus Gervais, 1859; Aigererus Harris, 1838 [nomen oblitum]; Aigocerus C. H. Smith, 1827 [suppressed]; Egocerus Desmarest, 1822 [suppressed]; Oegocerus Lesson, 1842 [suppressed]; Ozanna Reichenbach, 1845 [suppressed].			Hippotragusis usually quoted from Sundevall, 1846, K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl. Stockholm, for 1844, p. 196. The earlier name, cited above, was declared to be unavailable, and while it remained unavailable, Hippotragus Sundevall, 1845 (in Retzius and Lovén, Archiv. Skand. Beitr. Naturgesch., Griefswald, 1:445) was the available name. Grubb (2001c) applied to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature to conserve Hippotragus Sundevall, 1845, and this action has now been taken (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 2003c). Sister species in the genus are said to be leucophaeus and niger (Groves and Westwood, 1995), equinus and niger (Robinson et al., 1996), or equinus and leucophaeus (Vrba and Gatesy, 1994).	
14200953	Oryx beisa	Rüppell 1835	SPECIES			beisa		Oryx	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Neue Wirbelthiere z. d. Fauna Abyssinien gehörig, Säugeth. p.p. 14, pl. 5		annectens Hollister, 1910; gallarum Neumann, 1902; subcallotis W. Rothschild, 1921; callotis Thomas, 1892.	Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, NE and SE Sudan, NE Uganda (extinct?), and NE Tanzania.	IUCN  Lower Risk (cd) as O. gazella beisa.	Included in gazella by Ansell (1972:49), whose subspecific synonymy is otherwise followed here. Restored to species status by East et al. (1999), Grubb (2000b), and Kingdon (1997).	Beisa
14200954	Oryx beisa subsp. beisa	Rüppell 1835	SUBSPECIES		beisa	beisa		Oryx	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Neue Wirbelthiere z. d. Fauna Abyssinien gehörig, Säugeth. p.p. 14, pl. 5						
14200939	Hippotragus equinus	É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1803	SPECIES			equinus		Hippotragus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Cat. Mamm. Mus. Nation. Hist. Nat. p.259		aethiopica (Schinz, 1821); aurita (C. H. Smith, 1827); barbata (C. H. Smith, 1827); jubata (Goldfuss, 1824); truteri (J. B. Fischer, 1829); typicus Sclater and Thomas, 1899; bakeri Heuglin, 1863; dogetti de Beaux, 1921; cottoni Dollman and Burlace, 1928; koba (Gray, 1872); docoi (Gray, 1872); gambianus P. L. Sclater and Thomas, 1899; langheldi Matschie, 1898; rufopallidus Neumann, 1899; scharicus (Schwarz, 1913).	Savanna woodland in Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi (extinct), N Cameroon, Central African Republic, S Chad, Côte dIvoire, N and S Dem. Rep. Congo, N Eritrea (extinct?), W Ethiopia, Gambia (extinct), Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Malawi, S Mali, S Mauritania, Mozambique, Namibia, S Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, E South Africa, Swaziland (extinct, reintroduced), Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. No evidence of occurrence in Sierra Leone (Grubb et al., 1998).	IUCN  Lower Risk (cd).	For dating the name to É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803 see Grubb (2001a) and Opinion 2005 of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (2002b). The type locality was selected as South Africa, Northern Cape, Lataku (= Kuruman) by Harper (1940), but there is evidence to show that the holotype was collected much farther south where the species no longer occurs, at Plettenberg Bay (Grubb, 1999). Subspecific systematics follows Ansell (1972:46).	Roan Antelope
14200940	Hippotragus equinus subsp. equinus	É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1803	SUBSPECIES		equinus	equinus		Hippotragus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Cat. Mamm. Mus. Nation. Hist. Nat. p.259						
14200941	Hippotragus equinus subsp. bakeri	Heuglin 1863	SUBSPECIES		bakeri	equinus		Hippotragus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200942	Hippotragus equinus subsp. cottoni	Dollman and Burlace 1928	SUBSPECIES		cottoni	equinus		Hippotragus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200943	Hippotragus equinus subsp. koba	Gray 1872	SUBSPECIES		koba	equinus		Hippotragus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200944	Hippotragus equinus subsp. langheldi	Matschie 1898	SUBSPECIES		langheldi	equinus		Hippotragus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200945	Hippotragus equinus subsp. scharicus	Schwarz 1913	SUBSPECIES		scharicus	equinus		Hippotragus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200991	Kobus vardonii subsp. vardonii	Livingstone 1857	SUBSPECIES		vardonii	vardonii		Kobus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa p.256						
14200946	Hippotragus leucophaeus	Pallas 1766	SPECIES			leucophaeus		Hippotragus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Misc. Zool. p.4		capensis (P.L.S. Müller, 1776); glauca (Oken, 1816) [unavailable].	South Africa (Western Cape); extirpated about 1799.	IUCN  Extinct.	Reviewed by Groves and Westwood (1995), Klein (1974), Mohr (1967), and Rookmaaker (1992).	Blaaubok
14200947	Hippotragus niger	Harris 1838	SPECIES			niger		Hippotragus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Athenaeum vol.535 p.71		harrisi (Harris, 1839); kaufmanni Matschie, 1912; kirkii (Gray, 1872); anselli Groves, 1983; roosevelti (Heller, 1910); variani Thomas, 1916.	Savanna woodland in Africa; giant sable (variani) in C Angola (between Cuanza and Loando Rs.); other subspecies in E Angola, N Botswana, S Dem. Rep. Congo, SE Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, NE Namibia (Caprivi Strip), NE South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.	CITES  Appendix I as H. niger variani; U.S. ESA  Endangered as H. n. variani; IUCN  Critically Endangered as H. n. variani, otherwise Lower Risk (cd).	Includes variani; see Ansell (1972:47). Original publication usually assumed to be Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1838:2 (publ. July, 1838), but McAllan and Bruce (1989) showed that an earlier publication is The Athenaeum (publ. 27 Jan., 1838). Subspecific synonymy follows Ansell (1972:47). In phylogeographic studies, Matthee and Robinson (1999) distinguishsed niger, kirkii and variani from "roosevelti", and Pitra et al. (2002) recognised clade I ("roosevelti" of Matthee and Robinson, in W Tanzania and merged with clade II), "pure" clade II (niger including kirkii) and clade III (roosevelti). Cotterill (2003a) treated anselli (mtDNA not studied) as specifically distinct from niger.	Sable Antelope
14200948	Hippotragus niger subsp. niger	Harris 1838	SUBSPECIES		niger	niger		Hippotragus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Athenaeum vol.535 p.71						
14200950	Hippotragus niger subsp. roosevelti	Heller 1910	SUBSPECIES		roosevelti	niger		Hippotragus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200951	Hippotragus niger subsp. variani	Thomas 1916	SUBSPECIES		variani	niger		Hippotragus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200952	Oryx	de Blainville 1816	GENUS					Oryx	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris vol.1816 p.75	Antilope oryx Pallas, 1777 (= Capra gazella Linnaeus, 1758).	Aegoryx Pocock, 1918; Onyx Gray, 1821.				
14200955	Oryx beisa subsp. callotis	Thomas 1892	SUBSPECIES		callotis	beisa		Oryx	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200967	Kobus ellipsiprymnus subsp. harnieri	Murie 1867	SUBSPECIES		harnieri	ellipsiprymnus		Kobus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200956	Oryx dammah	Cretzschmar 1827	SPECIES			dammah		Oryx	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	In Rüppell, Atlas Reise Nördl. Afr., Zool. Säugeth. vol.1 p.22		algazel (Oken, 1816) [unavailable]; bezoastica C. H. Smith, 1827; ensicornis (Wagner, 1844); nubica (Wagner, 1855); senegalensis (Wagner, 1855); tao (C. H. Smith, 1827).	Extinct in Algeria, N Burkina Faso, Chad, Egypt, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, N Nigeria, N Senegal, Sudan, and Tunisia. Probably last occurred in the wild in the 1980s in Chad (East et al., 1999). Survives as captive populations.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Proposed Endangered; IUCN  Extinct in the Wild.	Year of publication is 1827, not 1826, according to J. E. Hill (ms notes based on Anon., 1829:1291-1292). Includes tao (Ansell, 1972:48). The name algazel Oken, 1816, was declared invalid by Opinion 417 of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1956b).	Scimitar-horned Oryx
14200957	Oryx gazella	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			gazella		Oryx	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.69		aschenborni Strand, 1924; bezoartica (Pallas, 1766); blainei W. Rothschild, 1921; capensis Ogilby, 1837; onyx Gray, 1821; oryx (Pallas, 1777); pasan (Daudin, 1802); recticornis (Erxleben, 1777).	SW Angola (extinct?), Botswana, Namibia, N South Africa, and W Zimbabwe.	IUCN  Lower Risk (cd).		Gemsbok
14200994	Pelea capreolus	Forster 1790	SPECIES			capreolus		Pelea	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	In Levaillant, Erste Reise Afrika p.71		lanata (Desmoulins, 1822); villosa (Burchell, 1823).	Lesotho, South Africa, and Swaziland.	IUCN  Least Concern.		Vaal Rhebok
14200958	Oryx leucoryx	Pallas 1777	SPECIES			leucoryx		Oryx	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Spicil. Zool. vol.12 p.17		asiatica (Wagner, 1855); beatrix Gray, 1857; latipes Pocock, 1934; leucorix Link, 1795; oryx (Oken, 1816) [unavailable]; pallasii Fitzinger, 1869.	Extinct in Egypt (Sinai Peninsula), Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. Maintained in captivity; Middle Eastern breeding stock in Bahrain, Israel, Leban, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, and United Arab Emirates. Recently reintroduced to the wild in Oman and Saudi Arabia.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA and IUCN  Endangered.	Included in O. gazella by Haltenorth (1963:88). Status reviewed in Mallon and Kingswood (2001).	Arabian Oryx
14200959	Reduncinae	Knottnerus-Meyer 1907	SUBFAMILY						Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Arch. Naturgesch. vol.73 p.39		Adenotinae Blyth, 1863 [nomen oblitum ]; Cervicaprinae Brooke, 1876 [invalid]; Eleotragidae Gray, 1872 [nomen oblitum]; Kobinae Roosevelt and Heller, 1914; Peleini Gray, 1872.			Recent work has suggested that Pelea should be included in the Reduncinae (Gatesy et al., 1997; Hassanin and Douzery, 1999a; Vrba and Schaller, 2000) although Pelea is strongly differentiated from Kobus and Redunca in morphology. Peleinae has priority over Reduncinae but its seniority is not recognised here: inclusion of Pelea in Reduncinae is provisional, Reduncinae is a much more familiar and widely used name, and a proposal will be made to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature for the conservation of Reduncinae. Reduncini includes Kobus and Redunca; Peleini includes Pelea.	
14200960	Kobus	A. Smith 1840	GENUS					Kobus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Illustr. Zool. S. Afr. Mamm. vol.Part 12 p.pl. 28 plus text	Antilope ellipsiprymnus Ogilby, 1833.	Adenota  Gray, 1847; Cobus Buckley, 1876; Hydrotragus Fitzinger, 1866; Kolus Gray, 1843; Onotragus Gray, 1872; Onototragus Heller, 1913; Pseudokobus Fitzinger, 1869; Robus Zittel, 1893.			Includes Adenota and Onotragus; see Ansell (1972:40). Species groups are K. kob or Adenota group (includes also K. vardonii, forming a superspecies), K. leche or Hydrotragus group (includes also K. megaceros), and K. ellipsiprymnus or nominate Kobus group (Ansell, 1972). The most parsimonious tree based on morphological characters is (K. vardonii) ((K. kob) ((K. leche, K. megaceros) (K. ellipsprymnus))) with kob group paraphyletic (Vrba et al., 1994). Phylogeny inferred from mtDNA is (K. leche, K. megaceros) ((K. kob, K. vardonii) (K. ellipsprymnus)) (Birungi and Arctander, 2001), with species groups monophyletic.	
14200961	Kobus ellipsiprymnus	Ogilby 1833	SPECIES			ellipsiprymnus		Kobus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1833 p.47		ellipsiprymnos (Sundevall, 1846); adolfifriderici Matschie, 1910; fulvifrons Matschie, 1910; nzoiae Matschie, 1910; raineyi Heller, 1913; annectens Schwarz, 1913; schubotzi Schwarz, 1913; crawshayi (P.L. Sclater, 1894); frommi Matschie, 1911; muenzneri Matschie, 1911; uwendensis Matschie, 1911; defassa (Rüppell, 1835); abyssinica (Wagner, 1855); hawashensis Matschie, 1910; matschiei Neumann, 1905; singsing Gray, 1843; harnieri (Murie, 1867); albertensis Matschie, 1910; avellanifrons Matschie, 1910; breviceps Matschie, 1910; cottoni Matschie, 1910; dianae Matschie, 1910; griseotinctus Matschie, 1910; ladoensis Matschie, 1910; ugandae Neumann, 1905; kondensis Matschie, 1911; kulu Matschie, 1911; lipuwa Matschie, 1911; pallidus Matschie, 1910; penricei (W. Rothschild, 1895); thikae Matschie, 1910, canescens Lönnberg, 1912; kuru Heller, 1913; tjaederi (Lönnberg, 1907); angusticeps Matschie, 1910; powelli Matschie, 1910; tschadensis Schwarz, 1913; unctuosus (Laurillard, 1842); senegalensis (Wagner, 1855); togoensis Schwarz, 1914.	Mesic non-forested habitats in Angola, Benin, N and EC Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, N Cameroon, Central African Republic, S Chad, Côte dIvoire, N and S Dem. Rep. Congo, N Eritrea, Ethiopia, S Gabon, Gambia (extinct), Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Malawi, S Mali, S Mauritania, Mozambique, NE Namibia (Caprivi Strip), S Niger, Nigeria, S Republic of Congo, Rwanda, Senegal, E South Africa, Swaziland, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.	IUCN  Lower Risk (cd) as K. ellipsiprymnus and subspecifically as K. e. defassa and K. e. ellipsiprymnus.	Reviewed by Ansell (1972:42); ellipsiprymnus division (includes also kondensis, pallidus and thikae) and defassa division (includes all other nominal subspecies) formerly regarded as species; they hybridize along a zone of contact (G. Peters, 1986) and differ in their centric fusion polymorphisms and structure of the Y chromosome (Kingswood et al, 1998b). Cotterill (2003a) treated crawshayi as a species.	Waterbuck
14200962	Kobus ellipsiprymnus subsp. ellipsiprymnus	Ogilby 1833	SUBSPECIES		ellipsiprymnus	ellipsiprymnus		Kobus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1833 p.47						
14200963	Kobus ellipsiprymnus subsp. adolfifriderici	Matschie 1910	SUBSPECIES		adolfifriderici	ellipsiprymnus		Kobus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200968	Kobus ellipsiprymnus subsp. kondensis	Matschie 1911	SUBSPECIES		kondensis	ellipsiprymnus		Kobus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200969	Kobus ellipsiprymnus subsp. pallidus	Matschie 1910	SUBSPECIES		pallidus	ellipsiprymnus		Kobus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200970	Kobus ellipsiprymnus subsp. penricei	W. Rothschild 1895	SUBSPECIES		penricei	ellipsiprymnus		Kobus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200971	Kobus ellipsiprymnus subsp. thikae	Matschie 1910	SUBSPECIES		thikae	ellipsiprymnus		Kobus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200972	Kobus ellipsiprymnus subsp. tjaederi	Lönnberg 1907	SUBSPECIES		tjaederi	ellipsiprymnus		Kobus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200973	Kobus ellipsiprymnus subsp. tschadensis	Schwarz 1913	SUBSPECIES		tschadensis	ellipsiprymnus		Kobus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200974	Kobus ellipsiprymnus subsp. unctuosus	Laurillard 1842	SUBSPECIES		unctuosus	ellipsiprymnus		Kobus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200995	Redunca	C. H. Smith 1827	GENUS					Redunca	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	In Griffith et al., Animal Kingdom vol.5 p.337	Antilope redunca Pallas, 1767.	Cervicapra  de Blainville, 1816; Eleotragus Gray, 1843; Heleotragus Kirk, 1865; Nagor Laurillard, 1842; Oreodorcas Heller, 1912.			Phylogeny inferred from morphology (Vrba et al., 1994) or mtDNA (Birungi and Arctander, 2001) is (R. fulvorufula) (R. redunca, R. arundinum).	
14200975	Kobus kob	Erxleben 1777	SPECIES			kob		Kobus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Regni Anim. vol.1 p.293		adansoni A. Smith, 1840; adenota (C. H. Smith, 1827); annulipes (Gray, 1842); buffonii (Fitzinger, 1869); forfex (C. H. Smith, 1827); fraseri (Fitzinger, 1869); loderi (Lydekker, 1900); nigricans (Lydekker, 1899); typicus (Ward, 1910); adolfi Lydekker and Blaine, 1914; adolfifriderici (Schwarz, 1913) [preoccupied]; bahrkeetae (Schwarz, 1913); leucotis (Lichtenstein and Peters, 1853); kul (Heuglin, 1863); nigroscapulatus (Matschie, 1899); notatus (W.Rothschild, 1913); vaughani (Lydekker, 1906); wuil (Heuglin, 1863); pousarguesi (Neumann, 1905); riparia (Schwarz, 1914); thomasi (P.L. Sclater, 1896); alurae Heller, 1913; neumanni (W. Rothschild, 1913); ubangiensis (Schwarz, 1913).	Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, S Chad, Côte dIvoire, N Dem. Rep. Congo, Ethiopia (Gambela Salient only), Gambia (extinct), Ghana, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, W Kenya (extinct), S Mali, S Mauritania, S Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone (extinct), Sudan, NW Tanzania (extinct), Togo, and Uganda.	IUCN  Lower Risk (cd) as K. kob and subspecifically as K. k. kob and K. k. thomasi, Lower Risk (nt) as K. k. leucotis.		Kob
14200976	Kobus kob subsp. kob	Erxleben 1777	SUBSPECIES		kob	kob		Kobus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Syst. Regni Anim. vol.1 p.293						
14200977	Kobus kob subsp. adolfi	Lydekker and Blaine 1914	SUBSPECIES		adolfi	kob		Kobus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200978	Kobus kob subsp. bahrkeetae	Schwarz 1913	SUBSPECIES		bahrkeetae	kob		Kobus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200979	Kobus kob subsp. leucotis	Lichtenstein and Peters 1853	SUBSPECIES		leucotis	kob		Kobus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200980	Kobus kob subsp. pousarguesi	Neumann 1905	SUBSPECIES		pousarguesi	kob		Kobus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200981	Kobus kob subsp. riparia	Schwarz 1914	SUBSPECIES		riparia	kob		Kobus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200982	Kobus kob subsp. thomasi	P. L. Sclater 1896	SUBSPECIES		thomasi	kob		Kobus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200983	Kobus kob subsp. ubangiensis	Schwarz 1913	SUBSPECIES		ubangiensis	kob		Kobus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200984	Kobus leche	Gray 1850	SPECIES			leche		Kobus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Gleanings, Knowsley Menagerie vol.2 p.23		amboellensis (Sokolowsky, 1903); lechee (Gray, 1852); leechi (Buckley, 1876); lechwe (W. Rothschild, 1907); notatus (Matschie, 1912); kafuensis Haltenorth, 1963; grandicornis Ansell, 1964; robertsi (W. Rothschild, 1907); smithemani (Lydekker, 1900).	SE Angola, N Botswana, SE Dem. Rep. Congo, NE Namibia (Caprivi Strip), and Zambia.	CITES  Appendix II; U.S. ESA  Threatened; IUCN  Extinct as K. l. robertsi, Vulnerable as K. l. kafuensis and K. l. smithemani, Lower Risk (cd) as K. l. leche.	Revised by Ansell and Banfield (1979). Consists of four evolutionary species according to Cotterill (2003a), namely K. leche, K. kafuensis, K. robertsi, and K. smithemani.	Lechwe
14200985	Kobus leche subsp. leche	Gray 1850	SUBSPECIES		leche	leche		Kobus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Gleanings, Knowsley Menagerie vol.2 p.23						
14200986	Kobus leche subsp. kafuensis	Haltenorth 1963	SUBSPECIES		kafuensis	leche		Kobus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200987	Kobus leche subsp. robertsi	W. Rothschild 1907	SUBSPECIES		robertsi	leche		Kobus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200988	Kobus leche subsp. smithemani	Lydekker 1900	SUBSPECIES		smithemani	leche		Kobus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14201008	Redunca redunca subsp. wardi	Thomas 1900	SUBSPECIES		wardi	redunca		Redunca	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200989	Kobus megaceros	Fitzinger 1855	SPECIES			megaceros		Kobus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Sitzb. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien vol.17 p.247		maria Gray, 1859.	S Sudan, W Ethiopia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).		Nile Lechwe
14200990	Kobus vardonii	Livingstone 1857	SPECIES			vardonii		Kobus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa p.256		typicus (Selous, 1899); senganus (P.L. Sclater and Thomas, 1897).	NE Angola, N Botswana, S Dem. Rep. Congo, Malawi, NE Namibia (Caprivi Strip), S Tanzania, Zambia, and N Zimbabwe (vagrant).	IUCN  Lower Risk (cd).	Included in kob by Haltenorth (1963:92) but Ansell (1972:40), whose subspecies are followed here, treated kob and vardoni as separate species in a superspecies. Cotterill (2003a) treated senganus as an evolutionary species.	Puku
14200992	Kobus vardonii subsp. senganus	P. L. Sclater and Thomas 1897	SUBSPECIES		senganus	vardonii		Kobus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200993	Pelea	Gray 1850 "1851"	GENUS					Pelea	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1850 p.126	Antilopa (sic) capreolus Forster, 1790.	Antilopa Forster, 1790 [nomen oblitum].				
14200996	Redunca arundinum	Boddaert 1785	SPECIES			arundinum		Redunca	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Elench. Anim. vol.1 p.141		algoensis Fitzinger, 1869; arundinacea (Bechstein, 1799); caffra Fitzinger, 1869; cinerea (Bechstein, 1800); coerulescens (Link, 1795) [nomen nudum]; eleotragus (von Schreber, 1787); isabellina (Afzelius, 1815); multiannulata Fitzinger, 1869; occidentalis (W. Rothschild, 1907); oleotragus (Desmoulins, 1822); oreotragus (Bechstein, 1799); penricei (Lydekker, 1910); thomasinae (P.L. Sclater, 1900).	Angola, N and E Botswana, S Gabon, S Dem. Rep. Congo, Lesotho (vagrant), Malawi, Mozambique, N Namibia, S Republic of Congo, E South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.	IUCN  Lower Risk (cd).	Roberts' (1951:292) restriction of the type locality to Bathurst Dist. was not based on a syntype locality; see Grubb (1999:25).	Southern Reedbuck
14200997	Redunca fulvorufula	Afzelius 1815	SPECIES			fulvorufula		Redunca	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Nova Acta Reg. Soc. Sci. Upsala vol.7 p.250		lalandia (Desmoulins, 1822); landiana (Desmarest, 1822); subalpina (Kirby, 1898); adamauae Pfeffer, 1962; chanleri (W. Rothschild, 1895); schoana (Neumann, 1902).	W Africa in E Nigeria and W Cameroon; E Africa in C Ethiopia, Kenya, SE Sudan, N Tanzania, and NE Uganda; S Africa in SE Botswana, Lesotho, S Mozambique, E South Africa, and Swaziland.	IUCN  Endangered as R. f. adamauae, Lower Risk (cd) as R. f. fulvorufula, Lower Risk (nt) as R. f. chanleri, otherwise Least Concern.	Subspecies from Ansell (1972:40).	Mountain Reedbuck
14200998	Redunca fulvorufula subsp. fulvorufula	Afzelius 1815	SUBSPECIES		fulvorufula	fulvorufula		Redunca	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Nova Acta Reg. Soc. Sci. Upsala vol.7 p.250						
14200999	Redunca fulvorufula subsp. adamauae	Pfeffer 1962	SUBSPECIES		adamauae	fulvorufula		Redunca	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14201000	Redunca fulvorufula subsp. chanleri	W. Rothschild 1895	SUBSPECIES		chanleri	fulvorufula		Redunca	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14201001	Redunca redunca	Pallas 1767	SPECIES			redunca		Redunca	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Spicil. Zool. vol.1 p.8		nagor Rüppell, 1842; reversa (Pallas, 1776); ridunca Shaw, 1801; rufa (Afzelius, 1815); typica (R. Ward, 1907); bohor Rüppell, 1842; odrob (Heuglin, 1877); cottoni (W. Rothschild, 1902); donaldsoni (W. Rothschild, 1902); dianae Schwarz, 1929; nigeriensis (Blaine, 1913); tohi Heller, 1913; wardi (Thomas, 1900); bayoni De Beaux, 1921; ugandae (Blaine, 1913).	Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, S Chad, Côte dIvoire, N Dem. Rep. Congo, N Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Kenya, S Mali, S Mauritania, S Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, and Uganda.	IUCN  Lower Risk (cd).	Subspecies from Ansell (1972:39).	Common Reedbuck
14201002	Redunca redunca subsp. redunca	Pallas 1767	SUBSPECIES		redunca	redunca		Redunca	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Spicil. Zool. vol.1 p.8						
14201003	Redunca redunca subsp. bohor	Rüppell 1842	SUBSPECIES		bohor	redunca		Redunca	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14201004	Redunca redunca subsp. cottoni	W. Rothschild 1902	SUBSPECIES		cottoni	redunca		Redunca	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14201005	Redunca redunca subsp. dianae	Schwarz 1929	SUBSPECIES		dianae	redunca		Redunca	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14201006	Redunca redunca subsp. nigeriensis	Blaine 1913	SUBSPECIES		nigeriensis	redunca		Redunca	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14201007	Redunca redunca subsp. tohi	Heller 1913	SUBSPECIES		tohi	redunca		Redunca	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14300001	Cetacea	Brisson 1762	ORDER							Cetacea						The definition of oceanic water masses follows Briggs (1974). Includes as suborders Mysticeti (Balaenidae, Balaenopteridae, Eschrichtiidae, and Neobalaenidae) and Odontoceti (Delphinidae, Monodontidae, Phocoenidae, Physeteridae, Platanistidae, Iniidae and Ziphiidae).	
14300002	MYSTICETI	Flower 1864	SUBORDER							Cetacea							
14300003	Balaenidae	Gray 1821	FAMILY						Balaenidae	Cetacea	Lond. Med. Repos. vol.15 p.310					Commonly included Caperea, which is here put in a separate family, Neobalaenidae, following Barnes and McLeod (1984).	
14300004	Balaena	Linnaeus 1758	GENUS					Balaena	Balaenidae	Cetacea	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.75	Balaena mysticetus Linnaeus, 1758.	Leiobalaena  Eschricht, 1849.				
14300145	Pontoporia blainvillei	Gervais and d'Orbigny 1844	SPECIES			blainvillei		Pontoporia	Iniidae	Cetacea	Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris vol.1844 p.39		tenuirostris  Malm, 1871.	Brazil to Argentina: coastal waters from Doce River, Regencia, Espírito Santo to Peninsula Valdez, including the Rio de la Plata.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient, except for the Rio Grande do Sul/Uruguay subpopulation, which is Vulnerable.	Reviewed by Brownell (1989).	Franciscana
14300005	Balaena mysticetus	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			mysticetus		Balaena	Balaenidae	Cetacea	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.75		Reviewed by Reeves and Leatherwood (1985).	Northern hemisphere: arctic waters. Strays have occured in Japan, Gulf of St. Lawrence, and Massachusetts.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Critically Endangered (Spitzbergen population), Endangered (Okhotsk Sea subpopulation and Baffin Bay-Davis Strait stock), Vulnerable (Hudson Bay-Foxe Basin stock), Lower Risk (cd) (Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort Sea stock), otherwise listed as Lower Risk (cd) for B. mysticetus.		Bowhead
14300006	Eubalaena	Gray 1864	GENUS					Eubalaena	Balaenidae	Cetacea	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1864 2 p.201	Balaena australis Desmoulins, 1822.	Halibalaena Gray, 1873; Hunterius Gray, 1866.			Corbet and Hill (1980) used this genus.	
14300007	Eubalaena australis	Desmoulins 1822	SPECIES			australis		Eubalaena	Balaenidae	Cetacea	In Bory de Saint-Vincent (ed.), Dict. Class. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.2 p.161, pl.		antarctica  (Lesson, 1828); antipodarum (Gray, 1843); temminckii (Gray, 1864).	Southern hemisphere: Antarctic to temperate waters; occasionally along the northern part of the Antarctic Peninsula.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered (included with E. glacialis); IUCN  Lower Risk (cd).	Reviewed by Cummings (1985b). Included in glacialis by some recent authors.	Southern Right Whale
14300008	Eubalaena glacialis	Müller 1776	SPECIES			glacialis		Eubalaena	Balaenidae	Cetacea	Zool. Danicae Prodr. p.7		biscayensis  (Eschricht, 1860); nordcaper (Lacépède, 1804).	North Atlantic: temperate to tropical waters.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA and IUCN  Endangered.	Reviewed by Cummings (1985b); see Hershkovitz (1961b).	North Atlantic Right Whale
14300009	Eubalaena japonica	Lacépède 1818	SPECIES			japonica		Eubalaena	Balaenidae	Cetacea	Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris vol.4 p.469		sieboldii  (Gray, 1864).	North Pacific: temperate to to tropical waters; one stray record from Hawaii (Scarff, 1986).	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered (as included in E. glacialis); IUCN  Endangered.	Reinstated by Rosenbaum et al. (2000), Brownell et al. (2001); see Hershkovitz (1961b).	North Pacific Right Whale
14300010	Balaenopteridae	Gray 1864	FAMILY						Balaenopteridae	Cetacea	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1864 p.203						
14300011	Balaenoptera	Lacépède 1804	GENUS					Balaenoptera	Balaenopteridae	Cetacea	Hist. Nat. Cetacees p.114	Balaenoptera gibbar Lacépède, 1804 (= Balaena physalus Linnaeus, 1758).	Catoptera Rafinesque, 1815; Cuvierius Gray, 1866; Physalus Gray, 1821; Pterobalaena Eschricht, 1849; Rorqualus Cuvier, 1836; Sibbaldius Gray, 1864.				
14300012	Balaenoptera acutorostrata	Lacépède 1804	SPECIES			acutorostrata		Balaenoptera	Balaenopteridae	Cetacea	Hist. Nat. Cetacees p.134		davidsoni  Cope, 1872; minima (Rapp, 1837); rostrata (Fabricius, 1780).	Worldwide: arctic to tropical waters.	CITES  Appendix I (except the population of West Greenland, which is Appendix II); IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Reviewed by Stewart and Leatherwood (1985). Two forms have been described from SW Pacific waters (Arnold et al., 1987). May represent two or three species (Wada and Numachi, 1991). Deméré (1986) reassigned Eschrichtius davidsonii (Cope 1872) to Balaenoptera, making B. davidsoni Scammon 1872 a junior synonym and erecting Balaenoptera acutorostrata scammoni Deméré, 1986 as a substitute. Rice (1998:70) recognized B. a. scammoni (Scammons Minke Whale) and another un-named subspecies in the southern hemisphere (B. a. subsp.; Dwarf Minke Whale). We recognize that there are probably others, like the population in the Sea of Japan.	Common Minke Whale
14300013	Balaenoptera bonaerensis	Burmeister 1867	SPECIES			bonaerensis		Balaenoptera	Balaenopteridae	Cetacea	Actas Soc. Paleo., Buenos Aires p.XXIV		huttoni  Gray, 1874.	Polar to tropical waters in the southern hemisphere.	CITES  Appendix I; IUCN  Lower Risk (cd).		Antarctic Minke Whale
14300014	Balaenoptera borealis	Lesson 1828	SPECIES			borealis		Balaenoptera	Balaenopteridae	Cetacea	Hist. Nat. Gen. Part. Mamm. Oiseaux vol.1 p.342		rostrata  (Rudolphi, 1822); schlegelii (Flower, 1865).	Worldwide: cold-temperate to warm-temperate waters. Distributional records sometimes confused with B. edeni.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA and IUCN  Endangered.	Reviewed by Gambell (1985a). Rice (1998:75-76) separated this species into B. borealis borealis and B. borealis schlegelii Flower, 1865 (Northern Sei Whale) (Southern Sei Whale).	Sei Whale
14300015	Balaenoptera borealis subsp. borealis	Lesson 1828	SUBSPECIES		borealis	borealis		Balaenoptera	Balaenopteridae	Cetacea	Hist. Nat. Gen. Part. Mamm. Oiseaux vol.1 p.342						Northern Sei Whale
14300016	Balaenoptera borealis subsp. schlegelii	Flower 1865	SUBSPECIES		schlegelii	borealis		Balaenoptera	Balaenopteridae	Cetacea							Southern Sei Whale
14300029	Eschrichtius	Gray 1864	GENUS					Eschrichtius	Eschrichtiidae	Cetacea	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3 vol.14 p.350	Balaenoptera robusta Lilljeborg, 1861.	Cyphonotus  Rafinesque, 1815 [nomen nudum]; Cyphonotus Gray, 1850 [preoccupied by Cyphonotus Fischer, 1823 (genus of beetles)]; Rhachianectes Cope, 1869.			The type species of Agaphelus Cope, 1868 is Balaena gibbosa Erxleben, 1777, which is a composite species consisting mainly of junior synonyms of Megaptera novaeangliae. Agaphelus has been linked to Eschrichtius by the supposed inclusion of the "scrag whale of Dudley" in its synonymy. The "scrag whale of Dudley"is actually listed as "Species obscurae" just following the section on Agaphelus in Erxleben (p. 611).	
12100080	Indri	É. Geoffroy and G. Cuvier 1796	GENUS					Indri	Indridae	Primates	Mag. Encyclop. vol.1 p.46	Lemur indri Gmelin, 1788.	Indris G. Cuvier, 1805; Lichanotus Illiger, 1811; Pithelemur Lesson, 1840.				
14300017	Balaenoptera edeni	Anderson 1879	SPECIES			edeni		Balaenoptera	Balaenopteridae	Cetacea	Anat. Zool. Res., Yunnan p.p. 551, pl. 44		brydei  Olsen, 1913; omurai Wada, Oishi, and Yamada 2003.	Worldwide: warm-temperate to tropical waters. Distributional records sometimes confused with B. borealis.	CITES  Appendix I; IUCN  Data Deficient.	Reviewed by Cummings (1985a). May represent more than one species (Wada and Numachi, 1991). Rice (1998:71) recognized B. edeni (Edens or Sittang Whale; smaller in size) as being distinct from B. brydei (Brydes whale; larger in size) but we used only one species because it is not clear if B. edeni is the larger or the smaller type whale and B. edeni has a type specimen. Wada, Oishi and Yamada (2003) described Balaenoptera omurai, related to B. edeni and recognized B. brydei. Due to the controversy regarding this step, we have recognized B. omurai as a synonym with the provision that it may be recognized as a full species when Balaenoptera is revised. See comment in Rice (1998:71-75).	Brydes Whale
14300033	Caperea marginata	Gray 1846	SPECIES			marginata		Caperea	Neobalaenidae	Cetacea	Zool. Voy. H.M.S. "Erebus" and "Terror" vol.1 p.48		antipodarum  Gray, 1864.	Southern hemisphere: cold-temperate waters.	CITES  Appendix I; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Baker (1985).	Pygmy Right Whale
14300050	Globicephala	Lesson 1828	GENUS					Globicephala	Delphinidae	Cetacea	Compl. Oeuvres Buffon Hist. Nat. vol.1 p.441	Delphinus globiceps Cuvier, 1812 (= Delphinus melas Traill, 1809).	Cetus  Wagler, 1830; Globiceps Flower, 1884; Sphaerocephalus Gray, 1864.			Reviewed by Van Bree (1971).	
14300018	Balaenoptera musculus	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			musculus		Balaenoptera	Balaenopteridae	Cetacea	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.76		gigas  (Van Beneden, 1861); major (Knox, 1870); sibbaldii (Gray, 1847); brevicauda Ichihara, 1966 [not Zemsky and Boronin, 1964, which is a nomen nudum, see Rice, 1977:6]; indica Blyth, 1859; intermedia Burmeister, 1871; <u>Not assigned to subspecies</u>: sulfureus Cope, 1869.	Worldwide: arctic to tropical waters.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Endangered as B. m. intermedia, Data Deficient as B. m. brevicauda; Endangered as B. musculus except  Vulnerable (North Atlantic stock), Lower Risk (cd) (North Pacific stock).	Reviewed by Yochem and Leatherwood (1985). Rice (1998:78) recognized B. m. musculus (Northern Blue Whale), B. m. indica (Great Indian Rorqual), B. m. brevicauda (Pygmy Blue Whale) and B. m. intermedia (Southern Blue Whale).	Blue Whale
14300019	Balaenoptera musculus subsp. musculus	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		musculus	musculus		Balaenoptera	Balaenopteridae	Cetacea	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.76						Northern Blue Whale
14300020	Balaenoptera musculus subsp. brevicauda	Ichihara 1966	SUBSPECIES		brevicauda	musculus		Balaenoptera	Balaenopteridae	Cetacea						Not Zemsky and Boronin, 1964, which is a nomen nudum, see Rice (1977:6).	Pygmy Blue Whale
14300021	Balaenoptera musculus subsp. indica	Blyth 1859	SUBSPECIES		indica	musculus		Balaenoptera	Balaenopteridae	Cetacea							Great Indian Rorqual
14300022	Balaenoptera musculus subsp. intermedia	Burmeister 1871	SUBSPECIES		intermedia	musculus		Balaenoptera	Balaenopteridae	Cetacea							Southern Blue Whale
14300023	Balaenoptera physalus	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			physalus		Balaenoptera	Balaenopteridae	Cetacea	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.75		antiquorum  (Fischer, 1829); boops (Linnaeus, 1758); gibbar Lacépède, 1804; velifera Cope, 1869; quoyi (Fischer, 1829); patachonica Burmeister, 1865.	Worldwide: arctic to tropical waters.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA and IUCN  Endangered.	Reviewed by Gambell (1985b). Rice (1998:77) recognized B. b. quoyi (sic) (Southern Fin Whale).	Fin Whale
14300024	Balaenoptera physalus subsp. physalus	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		physalus	physalus		Balaenoptera	Balaenopteridae	Cetacea	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.75						
14300025	Balaenoptera physalus subsp. quoyi	Fischer 1829	SUBSPECIES		quoyi	physalus		Balaenoptera	Balaenopteridae	Cetacea							Southern Fin Whale
13700291	Sylvisorex granti subsp. mundus	Osgood 1910	SUBSPECIES		mundus	granti		Sylvisorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
14300026	Megaptera	Gray 1846	GENUS					Megaptera	Balaenopteridae	Cetacea	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.17 p.83	Megaptera longipinna Gray, 1846 (= Balaena novaeangliae Borowski, 1781).	Cyphobalaena  Marschall, 1873; Kyphobalaena Eschricht, 1849; Perqualus Gray, 1846; Poescopia Gray, 1864.				
14300027	Megaptera novaeangliae	Borowski 1781	SPECIES			novaeangliae		Megaptera	Balaenopteridae	Cetacea	Gemein. Naturgesch. Thier. vol.2 1 p.21		braziliensis  Cope, 1867; burmeisteri Burmeister, 1866; indica Gervais, 1883; lalandii (Fischer, 1829); longimana (Rudolphi, 1832); longipinna Gray, 1846; nodosa (Bonnaterre, 1789); osphya Cope, 1865; versabilis Cope, 1869.	Worldwide: cold-temperate to tropical waters.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Vulnerable.	Reviewed by Winn and Reichley (1985).	Humpback Whale
14300028	Eschrichtiidae	Ellerman and Morrison-Scott 1951	FAMILY						Eschrichtiidae	Cetacea	Checklist of Palearctic Indian Mammals p.713		Rhachianectidae Weber, 1904.				
14300114	Phocoena	G. Cuvier 1816	GENUS					Phocoena	Phocoenidae	Cetacea	Règne Anim., Nouv. ed. vol.1 p.279	Delphinus phocoena Linnaeus, 1758.	Acanthodelphis  Gray, 1866; Australophocoena Barnes, 1985.			Phocaena and Phocena are later spellings.	
14300030	Eschrichtius robustus	Lilljeborg 1860 "1861"	SPECIES			robustus		Eschrichtius	Eschrichtiidae	Cetacea	Forh. Skand. Naturf. Ottende Mode, Kopenhagen vol.1860 8 p.602		gibbosus  (Erxleben, 1777); glaucus (Cope, 1868).	North Pacific: warm temperate to arctic waters. Formerly present in the North Atlantic. Sometimes enters tropical water at the southern boundaries of its distribution; see Henderson (1990) for further details. The eastern and western North Pacific populations are separate. The eastern population is distributed from Baja California and the adjacent coast of Mexico to the Bering and Chukchi Seas. The western population is distributed from the East China Sea to the Sea of Okhotsk.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered, except for Eastern North Pacific Ocean--coastal and Bering, Beaufort, and Chukchi Seas populations, which are listed as Delisted Taxa (recovered); IUCN  Critically Endangered (Northwest Pacific (Asian) stock), otherwise Lower Risk (cd).	See Rice and Wolman (1971), Jones et al. (1984), and Wolman (1985).	Gray Whale
14300031	Neobalaenidae	Gray 1873	FAMILY						Neobalaenidae	Cetacea	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4 vol.11 p.108					See Barnes and McLeod (1984) for comments. Gray, 1874 (Trans. Proc. N. Z. Inst. 6(18):93-97) is cited by Barnes and McLeod for Neobalaenidae.	
14300032	Caperea	Gray 1864	GENUS					Caperea	Neobalaenidae	Cetacea	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1864 2 p.202	Balaena (Caperea) antipodarum Gray, 1864 (= Balaena marginata Gray, 1846).	Neobalaena  Gray, 1870.				
14300035	Delphinidae	Gray 1821	FAMILY						Delphinidae	Cetacea	London Med. Repos. vol.15 1 p.310		Globicephalidae Gray, 1850; Grampidelphidae Nishiwaki, 1963; Stenidae Fraser and Purves, 1960; Orcinae Fraser and Purves, 1960; Lissodelphinae Fraser and Purves, 1960; Cephalorhynchinae Fraser and Purves, 1960.			Includes Globicephalidae, Grampidelphidae, Stenidae, Orcinae, Lissodelphinae, Cephalorhynchinae and Delphininae (Fraser and Purves, 1960); see Kasuya (1973), Mead (1975), Barnes (1978). Also includes Orcaella (see Heyning, 1989a and Lint et al., 1990), sometimes put in the family Monodontidae.	
14300036	Cephalorhynchus	Gray 1846	GENUS					Cephalorhynchus	Delphinidae	Cetacea	Zool. Voy. H.M.S. "Erebus" and "Terror" vol.1 p.36	Delphinus heavisidii Gray, 1828.	Eutropia  Gray, 1862.			Revised by Harmer (1922).	
14300037	Cephalorhynchus commersonii	Lacépède 1804	SPECIES			commersonii		Cephalorhynchus	Delphinidae	Cetacea	Hist. Nat. Cétacées p.317		floweri (Moreno, 1892).	Argentina to Chile: Gulf of San Matias, Argentina, to the Chilean side of the Straits of Magellan; South Shetland, Falkland and Kerguelen Isls. See Brownell and Praderi (1985) for further discussion. Rice (1998:101) recognized that the Falkland and Kerguelen Island populations are disjunct and suggested that they differ in subspecies, the Falkland population being C. c. commersonii and the Kerguelen population being C. c. subsp.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient.	Reviewed by Goodall et al. (1988).	Commersons Dolphin
14300038	Cephalorhynchus eutropia	Gray 1846	SPECIES			eutropia		Cephalorhynchus	Delphinidae	Cetacea	Zool. Voy. H.M.S. "Erebus" and "Terror" vol.1 p.pl. 34		albiventris (Perez Canto in Philippi, 1893); obtusata (Philippi, 1893).	Chile: coastal waters between Valparaiso and Navarino Isl, Tierra del Fuego.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient.	Reviewed by Goodall et al. (1988). Tursio? panope is not a synonym (see Lagenorhynchus obscurus).	Chilean Dolphin
14300039	Cephalorhynchus heavisidii	Gray 1828	SPECIES			heavisidii		Cephalorhynchus	Delphinidae	Cetacea	Spicil. Zool. vol.1 p.2		hastatus  (F. Cuvier, 1836).	South Africa to perhaps S Angola: coastal waters from Cape Town to 17°09'S (Namibia).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient.	Type specimen was brought to the Royal College of Surgeons by Captain Haviside, at about the same time that Captain Heaviside sold a collection of anatomical specimens to the Royal College. Gray confused the two (Rice 1998:101).	Havisides Dolphin
14300040	Cephalorhynchus hectori	van Beneden 1881	SPECIES			hectori		Cephalorhynchus	Delphinidae	Cetacea	Bull. R. Acad. Belg., ser. 3 vol.4 p.877, pl. 11		albifrons  True, 1889; maui Baker, Smith and Pichler 2002.	New Zealand: coastal waters. Harrison's (1960) reference to the occurrence of this species around Sarawak is undocumented by specimens or photos.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Endangered, except for North Island subpopulation, which is Critically Endangered.	Baker, Smith and Pichler (2002) recognized that C. h. maui form a morphologically and genetically recognizable subspecies on the North Isl of New Zealand, while the nominal subspecies was restricted to the South Isl.	Hectors Dolphin
14300041	Cephalorhynchus hectori subsp. hectori	van Beneden 1881	SUBSPECIES		hectori	hectori		Cephalorhynchus	Delphinidae	Cetacea	Bull. R. Acad. Belg., ser. 3 vol.4 p.877, pl. 11						
14300042	Cephalorhynchus hectori subsp. maui	Baker, Smith and Pichler 2002	SUBSPECIES		maui	hectori		Cephalorhynchus	Delphinidae	Cetacea							
14300043	Delphinus	Linnaeus 1758	GENUS					Delphinus	Delphinidae	Cetacea	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.77	Delphinus delphis Linnaeus, 1758.	Eudelphinus  Van Beneden and Gervais, 1880; Rhinodelphis Wagner, 1846.				
14300044	Delphinus capensis	Gray 1828	SPECIES			capensis		Delphinus	Delphinidae	Cetacea	Spicilegia Zoologica vol.1 p.1-2, tab. 2		bairdii  Dall, 1873; major Gray, 1866; tropicalis van Bree, 1971.	Near-shore tropical to temperate waters, world-wide.	CITES  Appendix I; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	See Heyning and Perrin (1994) for details. Rice (1998:112) recognized D. tropicalis (Arabian Common Dolphin) as a separate species.	Long-beaked Common Dolphin
12100170	Tarsius bancanus subsp. saltator	Elliot 1910	SUBSPECIES		saltator	bancanus		Tarsius	Tarsiidae	Primates							
14300045	Delphinus delphis	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			delphis		Delphinus	Delphinidae	Cetacea	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.77		fulvofasciatus  Wagner, 1846; janira Gray, 1846; pomeegra Owen, 1866; vulgaris Lacépède, 1804; ponticus Barabash, 1935.	Worldwide: temperate and tropical waters, including the Black Sea.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc), except for Mediterranian subpopulation, which is Endangered.	See Heyning and Perrin (1991, 1994). Rice (1998:112) recognized D. d. ponticus (Black Sea Common Dolphin).	Short-beaked Common Dolphin
14300046	Delphinus delphis subsp. delphis	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		delphis	delphis		Delphinus	Delphinidae	Cetacea	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.77						
14300047	Delphinus delphis subsp. ponticus	Barabash 1935	SUBSPECIES		ponticus	delphis		Delphinus	Delphinidae	Cetacea							Black Sea Common Dolphin
14300048	Feresa	Gray 1870	GENUS					Feresa	Delphinidae	Cetacea	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1870 1 p.77	Delphinus intermedius Gray, 1827 (= Feresa attenuata Gray, 1874).				Delphinus intermedius Gray, 1827 was preoccupied by Delphinus intermedius Harlan, 1827 (= Globicephala melas). Gray subsequentally changed generic designations of that nominal taxon (Grampus intermedius Gray, 1843; Orca intermedia Gray, 1846).	
14300049	Feresa attenuata	Gray 1874	SPECIES			attenuata		Feresa	Delphinidae	Cetacea	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4 vol.14 p.238-239		intermedius  (Gray, 1843); occulta Jones and Packard, 1956.	Worldwide: tropical to warm-temperate waters.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient.		Pygmy Killer Whale
14300051	Globicephala macrorhynchus	Gray 1846	SPECIES			macrorhynchus		Globicephala	Delphinidae	Cetacea	Zool. Voy. H.M.S. "Erebus" and "Terror" vol.1 p.33		brachypterus  Cope, 1876; scammonii Cope, 1869; sieboldii Gray, 1846.	Worldwide: tropical and warm-temperate waters; cold-temperate waters of the N Pacific, where it appears to stray as far north as the Gulf of Alaska (Pike and MacAskie, 1969).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (cd).	See Van Bree (1971).	Short-finned Pilot Whale
14300052	Globicephala melas	Traill 1809	SPECIES			melas		Globicephala	Delphinidae	Cetacea	Nicholson's J. Nat. Philos. Chem. Arts vol.22 p.81		globiceps  (G. Cuvier, 1812); svineval Gray, 1846; edwardii Smith, 1834; leucosagmaphora Rayner, 1939.	North Atlantic and southern Oceans: cold-temperate waters. Kasuya (1975) described the historic distribution in the NW Pacific.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	See Van Bree (1971). Formerly called G. melaena but Article 31b of the third edition of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (1985d) specifically gave melas as an example of a Greek adjective that does not change its ending when transferred to a genus of another gender (see Schevill, 1990a, b; Rice, 1990). Rice (1998:119) recognized G. m. melas (North Atlantic Longfinned Pilot whale), G. m. edwardii (Southern Longfinned Pilot Whale) and an un-named subfossil subspecies of G. melas that occupied the North Pacific.	Long-finned Pilot Whale
14300053	Globicephala melas subsp. melas	Traill 1809	SUBSPECIES		melas	melas		Globicephala	Delphinidae	Cetacea	Nicholson's J. Nat. Philos. Chem. Arts vol.22 p.81						North Atlantic Longfinned Pilot Whale
14300054	Globicephala melas subsp. edwardii	Smith 1834	SUBSPECIES		edwardii	melas		Globicephala	Delphinidae	Cetacea							Southern Longfinned Pilot Whale
14300055	Grampus	Gray 1828	GENUS					Grampus	Delphinidae	Cetacea	Spicil. Zool. vol.1 p.2	Delphinus griseus Cuvier, 1812.	Grampidelphis Iredale and Troughton, 1933; Grayius Scott, 1873.				
14300056	Grampus griseus	G. Cuvier 1812	SPECIES			griseus		Grampus	Delphinidae	Cetacea	Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.19 p.13		rissoanus  (Desmarest, 1822); stearnsii Dall, 1873.	Worldwide: temperate to tropical waters.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient.	Corbet and Hill (1980:110) included rectipinna in this species but it belongs in Orcinus orca.	Rissos Dolphin
14300057	Lagenodelphis	Fraser 1956	GENUS					Lagenodelphis	Delphinidae	Cetacea	Sarawak Mus. J., n.s. vol.8 7 p.496	Lagenodelphis hosei Fraser, 1956.					
14300058	Lagenodelphis hosei	Fraser 1956	SPECIES			hosei		Lagenodelphis	Delphinidae	Cetacea	Sarawak Mus. J., n.s. vol.8 7 p.496			Worldwide: warm-temperate to tropical waters.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient.		Frasers Dolphin
14300059	Lagenorhynchus	Gray 1846	GENUS					Lagenorhynchus	Delphinidae	Cetacea	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser 1.] vol.17 p.84	Delphinus albirostris Gray, 1846.	Electra  Gray, 1866; Leucopleurus Gray 1866; Sagmatius Cope, 1866.			Reviewed by Fraser (1966).	
14300060	Lagenorhynchus acutus	Gray 1828	SPECIES			acutus		Lagenorhynchus	Delphinidae	Cetacea	Spicil. Zool. vol.1 p.2		gubernator  Cope, 1876; leucopleurus (Rasch, 1843); perspicillatus Cope, 1876.	North Atlantic: cold temperate waters; L. acutus tends to be distributed to the south of L. albirostris.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Atlantic White-sided Dolphin
14300061	Lagenorhynchus albirostris	Gray 1846	SPECIES			albirostris		Lagenorhynchus	Delphinidae	Cetacea	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.17 p.84		pseudotursio (Reichenbach, 1846); ibseni (Eschricht, 1846).	North Atlantic: cold-temperate waters; L. albirostris tends to be distributed to the north of L. acutus.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		White-beaked Dolphin
12100443	Cercopithecus albogularis subsp. moloneyi	Sclater 1893	SUBSPECIES		moloneyi	albogularis		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
14300062	Lagenorhynchus australis	Peale 1848	SPECIES			australis		Lagenorhynchus	Delphinidae	Cetacea	Mammalia in Repts. U.S. Expl. Surv. vol.8 p.33, pl. 6		amblodon  (Cope, 1866); chilensis (Philippi, 1896).	Chile to Argentina: Valparaiso to Commodoro Rivadavia and Falkland Isls: Cold-temperate waters. One published (photograph) sighting in the tropical waters of the South Pacific, Cook Isls (Leatherwood et al., 1991).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient.	Included in cruciger by Bierman and Slijper (1947) and Hershkovitz (1966a:67), but considered a distinct species by Fraser (1966), Rice (1977), Brownell (1974), and Mitchell (1975a).	Peales Dolphin
14300063	Lagenorhynchus cruciger	Quoy and Gaimard 1824	SPECIES			cruciger		Lagenorhynchus	Delphinidae	Cetacea	Voy. autour du Monde...l'Uranie et la Physicienne, Zool. p.p. 87, pl. 2		albigena  (Quoy and Gaimard, 1824); bivitattus (Lesson and Garnot, 1826); clanculus Gray, 1846; wilsoni Lillie, 1915.	Southern hemisphere: antarctic and cold-temperate waters.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Formerly included australis and obscurus, see Hershkovitz (1966a) and comments under australis and obscurus.	Hourglass Dolphin
14300064	Lagenorhynchus obliquidens	Gill 1865	SPECIES			obliquidens		Lagenorhynchus	Delphinidae	Cetacea	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.17 p.177		longidens  (Cope, 1866); ognevi Slensov, 1955.	North Pacific: cold-temperate waters except warm-temperate waters of the ends of its range. Undocumented sighting from Hong Kong (Hammond and Leatherwood, 1984:495).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	May be a northern hemisphere form of L. obscurus. Lagenorhynchus thicolea is not synonymous with L. obliquidens (see Lissodelphis).	Pacific White-sided Dolphin
14300065	Lagenorhynchus obscurus	Gray 1828	SPECIES			obscurus		Lagenorhynchus	Delphinidae	Cetacea	Spicil. Zool. vol.1 p.2		similis  (Gray, 1868); supercilliosus (Lesson and Garnot, 1826); fitzroyi (Waterhouse, 1838); breviceps (Wagner, 1846); panope (Canto in Philippi, 1896).	Southern hemisphere: cold-temperate continental waters.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient.	Included in cruciger by Hershkovitz (1966a:65), but considered a distinct species by Rice (1977), Brownell (l974), and Mitchell (l975a). Previously reported from Kerguelen Isls, reidentified as young specimen of Cephalorhynchus commersonii (Robineau, 1989). Rice (1998:114) recognized L. o. obscurus (South African Dusky Dolphin), L. o. fitzroyi (South American Dusky Dolphin) and an un-named subspecies (New Zealand Dusky Dolphin).	Dusky Dolphin
14300066	Lagenorhynchus obscurus subsp. obscurus	Gray 1828	SUBSPECIES		obscurus	obscurus		Lagenorhynchus	Delphinidae	Cetacea	Spicil. Zool. vol.1 p.2						South African Dusky Dolphin
14300067	Lagenorhynchus obscurus subsp. fitzroyi	Waterhouse 1838	SUBSPECIES		fitzroyi	obscurus		Lagenorhynchus	Delphinidae	Cetacea							South American Dusky Dolphin
14300068	Lissodelphis	Gloger 1841	GENUS					Lissodelphis	Delphinidae	Cetacea	Gemein. Naturgesch. Thier. vol.1 p.169	Delphinus peronii Lacépède, 1804.	Delphinapterus Gray, 1846 [part]; Leucorhamphus Lilljeborg, 1861; Tursio Wagler, 1830.			This may be a monotypic genus. The holotype of Lagenorhynchus thicolea, previously associated with Lagenorhynchus, is a specimen of Lissodelphis sp.	
14300069	Lissodelphis borealis	Peale 1848	SPECIES			borealis		Lissodelphis	Delphinidae	Cetacea	Mammalia in Repts. U.S. Expl. Surv. vol.8 p.35, pl. 8			North Pacific: cold-temperate waters.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Northern Right Whale Dolphin
14300070	Lissodelphis peronii	Lacépède 1804	SPECIES			peronii		Lissodelphis	Delphinidae	Cetacea	Hist. Nat. Cetacees p.316		leucorhamphus  (Lacépède, 1804).	Southern hemisphere: cold-temperate waters, occasionally Antarctic waters south of Argentina.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient.		Southern Right Whale Dolphin
14300095	Steno	Gray 1846	GENUS					Steno	Delphinidae	Cetacea	Zool. Voy. H.M.S. "Erebus" and "Terror" vol.1 p.43	Delphinus rostratus Cuvier, 1833 (= Delphinus bredanenis Cuvier in Lesson, 1828).	Glyphidelphis  Gervais, 1859.				
14300071	Orcaella	Gray 1866	GENUS					Orcaella	Delphinidae	Cetacea	Cat. Seals Whales Brit. Mus. p.285	Orca (Orcaella) brevirostris Owen in Gray, 1866.				We follow Fordyce (1989), Heyning (1989a), and Lint et al. (1990) in including Orcaella in the Delphinidae, not in the Monodontidae as was recently proposed (Barnes et al., 1985; Kasuya, 1973).	
14300072	Orcaella brevirostris	Owen in Gray 1866	SPECIES			brevirostris		Orcaella	Delphinidae	Cetacea	Cat. Seals Whales Brit. Mus. p.p. 285, fig. 57		fluminalis  Gray, 1871.	SE Asia, N Australia and Papua New Guinea: tropical coastal waters and large rivers.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient, except for Mahakam subpopulation, which is Critically Endangered.	Reviewed by Marsh et al. (1989). See Rice (1998:120) for details on species citation.	Irrawady Dolphin
14300073	Orcinus	Fitzinger 1860	GENUS					Orcinus	Delphinidae	Cetacea	Wiss.-Pop. Naturgesch. Säugeth. vol.6 p.204	Delphinus orca Linnaeus, 1758.	Gladiator Gray, 1870; Grampus Iredale and Troughton, 1933; Ophysia Gray, 1868; Orca Gray, 1846 [preoccupied].				
14300143	Lipotes vexillifer	Miller 1918	SPECIES			vexillifer		Lipotes	Iniidae	Cetacea	Smithson. Misc. Coll. vol.68 9 p.1			China: Chang Jiang (Yangtze) and Qiantang Jiang (mouth of Fuchun Jiang) river systems.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Reviewed by Chen (1989), Zhou et al. (1978, 1979). Reviewed by Brownell and Herald (1972, Mammalian Species, 10).	Baiji
14300074	Orcinus orca	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			orca		Orcinus	Delphinidae	Cetacea	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.77		ater  (Cope in Scammon, 1869); capensis (Gray, 1846); glacialis Berzin and Vladimirov 1983; gladiator (Bonnaterre, 1789); nanus Mikhalev and Ivashin, 1981; rectipinna (Cope in Scammon, 1869).	Worldwide: all seas and oceans.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (cd).	Reviewed by Heyning and Dahlheim (1988, Mammalian Species, 304). Rice (1998:118) recognized the possibility that O. glacialis represented a separate taxon, but did assign specific or subspecific status to it. Rice (1998:118) considered O. nanus a nomen nudum, which we agree with.	Killer Whale
14300075	Peponocephala	Nishiwaki and Norris 1966	GENUS					Peponocephala	Delphinidae	Cetacea	Sci. Rep. Whales Res. Inst. vol.20 p.95	Lagenorhynchus electra Gray, 1846.	Electra  Gray, 1868.			Formerly included in Lagenorhynchus.	
14300076	Peponocephala electra	Gray 1846	SPECIES			electra		Peponocephala	Delphinidae	Cetacea	Zool. Voy. H.M.S. "Erebus" and "Terror" vol.1 p.35		asia (Gray, 1846); fusiformis (Owen, 1866); pectoralis (Peale, 1848).	Worldwide: tropical to warm-temperate waters.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Historically this species was included in the genus Lagenorhynchus.	Melon-headed Whale
14300077	Pseudorca	Reinhardt 1862	GENUS					Pseudorca	Delphinidae	Cetacea	Overs. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Forh. vol.1862 p.151	Phocaena crassidens Owen, 1846.	Neoorca  Gray, 1871.				
14300078	Pseudorca crassidens	Owen 1846	SPECIES			crassidens		Pseudorca	Delphinidae	Cetacea	Hist. Brit. Foss. Mamm. Birds p.p. 516, fig. 213		destructor (Cope, 1866); meridionalis (Flower, 1865).	Worldwide: temperate to tropical waters.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		False Killer Whale
14300079	Sotalia	Gray 1866	GENUS					Sotalia	Delphinidae	Cetacea	Cat. Seals Whales Brit. Mus. p.401	Delphinus guianensis Van Beneden, 1864 (= Delphinus fluviatilis Gervais and Deville, 1853).	Tucuxa  Gray, 1866.				
14300080	Sotalia fluviatilis	Gervais and Deville 1853	SPECIES			fluviatilis		Sotalia	Delphinidae	Cetacea	In Gervais, Bull. Soc. Agric. Herault p.148		guianensis (Van Beneden, 1864); pallida (Gervais, 1855); tucuxi (Gray, 1856).	Western Atlantic: coastal waters from Panama to Santos, São Paulo, Brazil: Amazon and Orinoco river systems. See Vidal (1990) and Borobia et al. (1991).	CITES  Appendix I; IUCN  Data Deficient.	Due to the difficulty in finding the original work, the full citation is included here: Gervais, F. L. P. [and Deville]. 1853. Sur les mammiféres marins qui fréquentent les côtes de la France et plus particulìerement sur une novelle espéce de dauphins propre a la Méditerranés. Bulletin Sociéte Centrale d'Agriculture et des Comices Agricoles du Département de l'Herault, Montpellier, 40me année, pp. 140-155, 1 pl. Rice (1998:104) recognized S. f. guianensis (Guiane Dolphin) and Monteiro-Filho et al. (2002) suggested the use of S. guianensis for the marine dolphins and S. fluviatilis for the Amazonian dolphins. We are taking the conservative approach and only recognizing one specific name until the problem is resolved.	Tucuxi
14300081	Sousa	Gray 1866	GENUS					Sousa	Delphinidae	Cetacea	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1866 2 p.213	Steno lentiginosus Gray, 1866 (= Delphinus chinensis Osbeck, 1765).	Stenopontistes  Miranda Ribiero, 1936.			Formerly included in Sotalia (Hershkovitz 1966a:18).	
14300091	Stenella longirostris	Gray 1828	SPECIES			longirostris		Stenella	Delphinidae	Cetacea	Spicil. Zool. vol.1 p.1		alope  (Gray, 1846); microps (Gray, 1846); roseiventris (Wagner, 1846); centroamericana Perrin, 1990; orientalis Perrin, 1990.	Worldwide: warm-temperate to tropical waters.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (cd).	See Perrin (1975:206). Perrin (1990) established three subspecies (centroamericana, longirostris, and orientalis), which Rice (1998:109) recognized.	Spinner Dolphin
14300092	Stenella longirostris subsp. longirostris	Gray 1828	SUBSPECIES		longirostris	longirostris		Stenella	Delphinidae	Cetacea	Spicil. Zool. vol.1 p.1						
14300093	Stenella longirostris subsp. centroamericana	Perrin 1990	SUBSPECIES		centroamericana	longirostris		Stenella	Delphinidae	Cetacea							
14300082	Sousa chinensis	Osbeck 1765	SPECIES			chinensis		Sousa	Delphinidae	Cetacea	Reise nach Ostind. China Rostock vol.1 p.7		borneensis (Lydekker, 1901); huangi Wang Peilie, 1999; lentiginosa (Gray, 1866); plumbea (G. Cuvieri, 1829); zambezicus (Miranda Ribiero, 1936).	Indian Ocean: coastal waters and rivers from False Bay, South Africa, east to S China and Moreton Bay, Queensland (Australia, see Corkeron, 1990).	CITES  Appendix I; IUCN  Data Deficient.	See Perrin (1975) who placed Delphinus malayanus in Stenella attenuata, as is done here; Pilleri and Gihr (1973-74) considered borneensis, plumbea and lentiginosa to be distinct species. Mitchell (1975a) combined those species into S. chinensis; Brownell (1975b) included Stenopontistes zambezicus as a synonym of S. plumbea. Wang Peilie (1999:299) described Sousa huangi on the basis of an immature specimen. Because we feel that immature specimens of Sousa do not show diagnostic characters, we tentatively reject Sousa huangi. Rice (1998:103) recognized S. plumbea (Indian Humpbacked Dolphin) as well as S. teuszi and S. chinensis, but gave conflicting accounts as to the number of species recognized in his account of the genus. Accordingly we maintain the more conservative approach of two species, while indicating that more detailed systematic work needs to be done.	Indo-Pacific Humpbacked Dolphin
14300083	Sousa teuszii	Kükenthal 1892	SPECIES			teuszii		Sousa	Delphinidae	Cetacea	Zool. Jahrb. Syst. vol.6 p.442, pl. 21			E South Atlantic: coastal waters in river mouths from S Morocco (W Sahara; see Beaubrun, 1990) to Cameroon.	CITES  Appendix I; IUCN  Data Deficient.	Reviewed by Pilleri and Gihr (1972).	Atlantic Humpbacked Dolphin
14300084	Stenella	Gray 1866	GENUS					Stenella	Delphinidae	Cetacea	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1866 p.213	Steno attenuatus Gray, 1846.	Clymene  Gray, 1864; Euphrosyne Gray, 1866; Fretidelphis Iredale and Troughton, 1934; Micropia Gray, 1868; Prodelphinus Gervais in Van Beneden and Gervais, 1880.			Reviewed, in part, by Perrin (l975) and Perrin et al. (1981, 1987). The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1991) conserved Stenella Gray, 1846.	
14300144	Pontoporia	Gray 1846	GENUS					Pontoporia	Iniidae	Cetacea	Zool. Voy. H.M.S. "Erebus" and "Terror" vol.1 p.46	Delphinus blainvillei Gervais and d'Orbigny, 1844.	Stenodelphis  d'Orbigny and Gervais, 1847.				
12100671	Presbytis rubicunda subsp. ignita	Dollman 1909	SUBSPECIES		ignita	rubicunda		Presbytis	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
14300085	Stenella attenuata	Gray 1846	SPECIES			attenuata		Stenella	Delphinidae	Cetacea	Zool. Voy. H.M.S. "Erebus" and "Terror" vol.1 p.44		albirostratus  (Peale, 1848); brevimanus (Wagner, 1846); capensis (Rapp, 1837); consimilis (Malm, 1871); malayanus (Lesson, 1826); pseudodelphis (Wiegmann, 1846); punctata (Gray, 1866); velox (Cuvier, 1829); graffmani (Lönnberg, 1934).	Worldwide: temperate to tropical waters.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (cd).	Perrin et al. (1987) revised this species. D. dubius is a nomen nudum [sic dubium] (Perrin et al., 1987). Opinion 1660 of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1991) conserved attenuatus Gray, 1846 and suppressed velox Cuvier, 1829, pseudodelphis Schlegel, 1841, and brevimanus Wagner, 1846. Rice (1998:108) recognized Stenella attenuata subspecies A of Perrin (1975) (Eastern Tropical Pacific Offshore Spotted Porpoise), S. a. subspecies B of Perrin (1975) (Hawaiian Spotted Porpoise), and S. a. graffmani (Eastern Pacific Coastal Spotted Porpoise (Perrin, 1975)).	Pantropical Spotted Dolphin
14300086	Stenella attenuata subsp. attenuata	Gray 1846	SUBSPECIES		attenuata	attenuata		Stenella	Delphinidae	Cetacea	Zool. Voy. H.M.S. "Erebus" and "Terror" vol.1 p.44						See comments under species.
14300087	Stenella attenuata subsp. graffmani	Lönnberg 1934	SUBSPECIES		graffmani	attenuata		Stenella	Delphinidae	Cetacea							Eastern Pacific Coastal Spotted Porpoise
14300088	Stenella clymene	Gray 1846	SPECIES			clymene		Stenella	Delphinidae	Cetacea	Zool. Voy. H.M.S. "Erebus" and "Terror" vol.1 p.39		metis  (Gray, 1846); normalis (Gray, 1866).	Atlantic Ocean including the Gulf of Mexico: warm-temperate to tropical waters.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient.	Recognized by Hershkovitz (1966a), but not by Mitchell (1975a) who included it in longirostris. See Perrin et al. (1981) for redescription.	Clymene Dolphin
14300089	Stenella coeruleoalba	Meyen 1833	SPECIES			coeruleoalba		Stenella	Delphinidae	Cetacea	Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Nat. Curios. vol.16 2 p.609, pl. 43		asthenops  (Cope, 1865); crotaphiscus (Cope, 1865); euphrosyne (Gray, 1846); styx (Gray, 1846); tethyos (Gervais, 1853).	Worldwide: cold-temperate to tropical waters.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (cd).	See Mitchell (1970:720). Perrin et al. (1981, 1987) gave a revised synonymy of this species.	Striped Dolphin
14300090	Stenella frontalis	G. Cuvier 1829	SPECIES			frontalis		Stenella	Delphinidae	Cetacea	Règne Anim., Nouv. ed. vol.1 p.288		doris  (Gray, 1846); froenatus (F. Cuvier, 1836); plagiodon (Cope, 1866).	Atlantic Ocean including the Gulf of Mexico: warm-temperate to tropical waters.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient.	Perrin et al. (1987) revised this species. The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1977a) suppressed D. pernettensis de Blainville, 1817 and D. pernettyi Desmarest, 1820, which Hershkovitz (1966a) used as a senior synonym for S. plagiodon.	Atlantic Spotted Dolphin
14300094	Stenella longirostris subsp. orientalis	Perrin 1990	SUBSPECIES		orientalis	longirostris		Stenella	Delphinidae	Cetacea							
14300126	Physeteridae	Gray 1821	FAMILY						Physeteridae	Cetacea	London Med. Repos. vol.15 1 p.310		Kogiidae Gill, 1871			Kogia is sometimes put in a separate family, Kogiidae.	
14300096	Steno bredanensis	G. Cuvier in Lesson 1828	SPECIES			bredanensis		Steno	Delphinidae	Cetacea	Hist. Nat. Gen. Part. Mamm. Oiseaux vol.1 p.206		compressus  (Gray, 1843); frontatus (Cuvier, 1823); perspicillatus Peters, 1876; rostratus (Desmarest, 1817).	Worldwide: warm-temperate to tropical waters.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient.	Stenopontistes zambezicus is not a synonym, see comment under Sousa chinensis. See Schevill (1987a) for further taxonomic notes.	Rough-toothed Dolphin
14300097	Tursiops	Gervais 1855	GENUS					Tursiops	Delphinidae	Cetacea	Hist. Nat. Mammifères vol.2 p.323	Delphinus truncatus Montagu, 1821.	Gadamu  Gray, 1868; Tursio Gray, 1843.			Two species are provisionally recognized in this highly polymorphic genus.	
14300098	Tursiops aduncus	Ehrenberg 1833	SPECIES			aduncus		Tursiops	Delphinidae	Cetacea	Hemprich and Ehrenberg, Symbolae Physicae. vol.Mammalia, decas II folio k p.ftn. 1		nuuanu  Andrews, 1911.	Indian Ocean; distribution in Pacific uncertain.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient.	Rice (1998:106) recognized this species based primarily on the work of LeDuc and Curry (1997). There is a growing consensus that this is one of the species of Tursiops that is valid. Its relationship to Tursiops nuuanu remains equivocal.	Indo-Pacific Bottlenose Dolphin
12100207	Callithrix pygmaea subsp. pygmaea	Spix 1823	SUBSPECIES		pygmaea	pygmaea	Cebuella	Callithrix	Cebidae	Primates	Sim. Vespert. Brasil. p.32						
14300099	Tursiops truncatus	Montagu 1821	SPECIES			truncatus		Tursiops	Delphinidae	Cetacea	Mem. Wernerian Nat. Hist. Soc. vol.3 p.75, pl. 3		nesarnack  (Lacépède, 1804); gillii Dall, 1873; ponticus Barabash-Nikiforov, 1940; <u>Not assigned to subspecies</u>: gephyreus Lahille, 1908.	Worldwide: temperate to tropical waters, including the Black Sea.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient.	See Leatherwood and Reeves (1990). Ross and Cockroft (1990:124) considered aduncus to be synonymous with truncatus. Hall (1981:885-887) considered nesarnack and gillii distinct species, and synonymized truncatus with nesarnack. Opinion 1413 of the International Commision on Zoological Nomenclature (1986) conserved truncatus Montagu, 1821 and suppressed nesarnack Lacépède, 1804. Rice (1998:106) provisionally recognized T. t. truncatus (Bottlenose Dolphin), T. t. ponticus (Black Sea Bottlenose Dolphin) and T. t. gillii (Cowfish). The relationship of Tursiops gephyreus (South American Bottlenose Dolphin), to either T. truncatus or T. aduncus remains uncertain.	Bottlenose Dolphin
14300100	Tursiops truncatus subsp. truncatus	Montagu 1821	SUBSPECIES		truncatus	truncatus		Tursiops	Delphinidae	Cetacea	Mem. Wernerian Nat. Hist. Soc. vol.3 p.75, pl. 3						Bottlenose Dolphin
14300101	Tursiops truncatus subsp. gillii	Dall 1873	SUBSPECIES		gillii	truncatus		Tursiops	Delphinidae	Cetacea							Cowfish
14300102	Tursiops truncatus subsp. ponticus	Barabash-Nikiforov 1940	SUBSPECIES		ponticus	truncatus		Tursiops	Delphinidae	Cetacea							Black Sea Bottlenose Dolphin
14300103	Monodontidae	Gray 1821	FAMILY						Monodontidae	Cetacea	London Med. Repos. vol.15 1 p.310					Does not include Orcaella, a delphinid.	
14300104	Delphinapterus	Lacépède 1804	GENUS					Delphinapterus	Monodontidae	Cetacea	Hist. Nat. Cetacees p.241	Delphinapterus beluga Lacépède 1804 (= Delphinus leucas Pallas, 1776).	Argocetus  Gloger, 1842; Beluga Rafinesque, 1815.			Reviewed by Kleinenberg et al. (1969) and T. G. Smith et al. (1990).	
14300105	Delphinapterus leucas	Pallas 1776	SPECIES			leucas		Delphinapterus	Monodontidae	Cetacea	Reise Prov. Russ. Reichs vol.3 1 p.85 [footnote]		albicans  (Lacépède, 1804); beluga Lacépède, 1804; catodon (Gray, 1846); dorofeevi Barabash and Klumov, 1935; marisalbi Ostroumov, 1935.	Circumpolar in Arctic seas; Okhotsk and Bering Seas; northern Gulf of Alaska (Cook Inlet); Gulf of St. Lawrence: arctic to cold-temperate waters; occasionally strays south to Honshu, Japan; France; and Massachusetts, USA.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Vulnerable.	Reviewed by Kleinenberg et al. (1969), T. G. Smith et al. (1990), Stewart and Stewart (1989, Mammalian Species, 336) and Brodie (1989).	Beluga
14300106	Monodon	Linnaeus 1758	GENUS					Monodon	Monodontidae	Cetacea	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.75	Monodon monoceros Linnaeus, 1758.	Ceratodon  Brünnich, 1772; Diodon Storr, 1780; Narwalus Lacépède, 1804; Tachynices Brookes, 1828.			Reviewed by Reeves and Tracey (1980).	
14300107	Monodon monoceros	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			monoceros		Monodon	Monodontidae	Cetacea	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.75		microcephalus  (Lacépède, 1804); monodon (Pallas, 1811); narhval Blumenbach, 1788; vulgaris (Lacépède, 1804).	Arctic Ocean; rarely in Beaufort, Bering, Chuckchi and East Siberian Seas; occasional strays as far south as Newfoundland, the Netherlands, British Isles and Japan.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient.	Reviewed by Reeves and Tracey (1980, Mammalian Species, 127) and Hay and Mansfield (1989).	Narwhal
14300108	Phocoenidae	Gray 1825	FAMILY						Phocoenidae	Cetacea	Ann. Philos., n.s. vol.10 p.340					Formerly considered a subfamily of Delphinidae; see Gromov and Baranova (1981:222).	
14300109	Neophocaena	Palmer 1899	GENUS					Neophocaena	Phocoenidae	Cetacea	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.13 p.23	Delphinus phocaenoides Cuvier, 1829.	Meomeris  Gray, 1847; Neomeris Gray, 1846.			Includes Neomeris; see Rice (1977) and Pilleri and Chen (1980).	
14300127	Kogia	Gray 1846	GENUS					Kogia	Physeteridae	Cetacea	Zool. Voy. H.M.S. "Erebus" and "Terror" vol.1 p.22	Physeter breviceps Blainville, 1838.	Callignathus  Gill, 1871; Cogia Wallace, 1876; Euphysetes Wall, 1851.			Reviewed by Handley (1966c).	
14300110	Neophocaena phocaenoides	G. Cuvier 1829	SPECIES			phocaenoides		Neophocaena	Phocoenidae	Cetacea	Règne Anim., Nouv. ed. vol.1 p.291		melas  (Temminck, 1841) [not Traill]; asiaeorientalis Pilleri and Gihr, 1972; sunameri Pilleri and Gihr, 1975.	Indo-Pacific: warm-temperate to tropical waters; Persian Gulf to Malaysia, north coast of Java (Tasàn and Leatherwood, 1984), China, and Japan: coastal waters and some rivers.	CITES  Appendix I; IUCN  Endangered as N. p. asiaeorientalis, otherwise Data Deficient.	Reviewed by Pilleri and Gihr (1972; 1975:657, 673; 1980b). Van Bree (1973) considered asiaeorientalis to be of subspecific rank and sunameri to be synonymous with phocaenoides. Rice (1998:123) recognized N. p. phocaenoides, N. p. sunameri (Sunameri) and N. p. asiaeorientalis (Yangtse River Porpoise).	Finless Porpoise
14300111	Neophocaena phocaenoides subsp. phocaenoides	G. Cuvier 1829	SUBSPECIES		phocaenoides	phocaenoides		Neophocaena	Phocoenidae	Cetacea	Règne Anim., Nouv. ed. vol.1 p.291						
14300112	Neophocaena phocaenoides subsp. asiaeorientalis	Pilleri and Gihr 1972	SUBSPECIES		asiaeorientalis	phocaenoides		Neophocaena	Phocoenidae	Cetacea							Yangtse River Porpoise
14300113	Neophocaena phocaenoides subsp. sunameri	Pilleri and Gihr 1975	SUBSPECIES		sunameri	phocaenoides		Neophocaena	Phocoenidae	Cetacea							Sunameri
12100208	Callithrix pygmaea subsp. niveiventris	Lönnberg 1940	SUBSPECIES		niveiventris	pygmaea	Cebuella	Callithrix	Cebidae	Primates							
14300115	Phocoena dioptrica	Lahille 1912	SPECIES			dioptrica		Phocoena	Phocoenidae	Cetacea	Ann. Mus. Nat. Hist., Buenos Aires vol.23 p.269		stornii Marelli, 1922.	Southern hemisphere: cold-temperate waters; Uruguay, Argentina; Falkland, South Georgia, Heard, Macquarie and the Auckland Isls, perhaps Kerguelen Isls. Perhaps circumpolar, see Baker (1977).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient.	Reviewed by Brownell (1975a, Mammalian Species, 66). Barnes (1985) proposed Australophocoena to house this species, but Rosel et al. (1995) did not find the generic separation warranted. Phocaena obtusata is synonymous with Cephalorhynchus eutropia. See Goodall et al. (1988).	Spectacled Porpoise
14300116	Phocoena phocoena	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			phocoena		Phocoena	Phocoenidae	Cetacea	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.77		americana  Allen, 1869; communis Lesson, 1827; lineata Cope, 1876; relicta Abel, 1905; vomerina Gill, 1865.	N Pacific and N Atlantic: arctic to cold-temperate waters, isolated population in Black Sea; extends south to Senegal in the E Atlantic.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Vulnerable.	Reviewed by Gaskin et al. (1974, Mammalian Species, 42). Rice (1998:124) recognized P. p. phocoena (North Atlantic Harbor Porpoise), P. p. vomerina (Eastern North Pacific Harbor Porpoise) and an un-named subspecies in the western North Pacific, but did not recognize P. p. relicta (Black Sea Harbor Porpoise).	Harbor Porpoise
14300117	Phocoena phocoena subsp. phocoena	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		phocoena	phocoena		Phocoena	Phocoenidae	Cetacea	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.77						North Atlantic Harbor Porpoise
14300118	Phocoena phocoena subsp. relicta	Abel 1905	SUBSPECIES		relicta	phocoena		Phocoena	Phocoenidae	Cetacea							Black Sea Harbor Porpoise
14300119	Phocoena phocoena subsp. vomerina	Gill 1865	SUBSPECIES		vomerina	phocoena		Phocoena	Phocoenidae	Cetacea							Eastern North Pacific Harbor Porpoise
14300120	Phocoena sinus	Norris and McFarland 1958	SPECIES			sinus		Phocoena	Phocoenidae	Cetacea	J. Mammal. vol.39 p.22, pl. 1-4			North Pacific: warm-temperate waters; northern Gulf of California (Mexico); erroneously reported from the S Gulf of California, including Tres Marías Isls and N Jalisco (Brownell, 1986).	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Reviewed by Brownell (1983, Mammalian Species, 198).	Vaquita
14300121	Phocoena spinipinnis	Burmeister 1865	SPECIES			spinipinnis		Phocoena	Phocoenidae	Cetacea	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1865 p.228, figs 1-5		philippii Perez Canto in Philippi, 1896.	Southern hemisphere: coastal temperate waters of South America, from Rio Urucanga, Santa Catarina, Brazil to Tierra del Fuego to Paita, Peru.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient.	Reviewed by Brownell and Praderi (1984, Mammalian Species, 217). A recent specimen referred to this species from Heard Isl has been reidentified as Phocaena dioptrica (Brownell et al., 1989).	Burmeisters Porpoise
14300122	Phocoenoides	Andrews 1911	GENUS					Phocoenoides	Phocoenidae	Cetacea	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.30 p.31	Phocoenoides truei Andrews, 1911 (= Phocaena dalli True, 1885).					
14300123	Phocoenoides dalli	True 1885	SPECIES			dalli		Phocoenoides	Phocoenidae	Cetacea	Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. vol.8 p.95, pls. 2-5		truei  Andrews, 1911.	North Pacific: cold-temperate waters.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (cd).	Reviewed by Jefferson (1988, Mammalian Species 319). Rice (1998:125) recognized P. d. dalli and P. d. truei (Trues Porpoise).	Dalls Porpoise
14300124	Phocoenoides dalli subsp. dalli	True 1885	SUBSPECIES		dalli	dalli		Phocoenoides	Phocoenidae	Cetacea	Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. vol.8 p.95, pls. 2-5		&nbsp; 				Dalls Porpoise
14300125	Phocoenoides dalli subsp. truei	Andrews 1911	SUBSPECIES		truei	dalli		Phocoenoides	Phocoenidae	Cetacea							True's Porpoise
14300128	Kogia breviceps	Blainville 1838	SPECIES			breviceps		Kogia	Physeteridae	Cetacea	Ann. Franc. Etr. Anat. Phys. vol.2 p.337		floweri  Gill, 1871; goodei True, 1884; grayii (Wall, 1851).	Worldwide: temperate to tropical waters.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Caldwell and Caldwell (1989).	Pygmy Sperm Whale
14300129	Kogia sima	Owen 1866	SPECIES			sima		Kogia	Physeteridae	Cetacea	Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.6 1 p.30, pls. 10-14			Worldwide: warm-temperate to tropical waters, occasionally strands in cold-temperate areas.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Nagorsen (1985, Mammalian Species, 239) and Caldwell and Caldwell (1989). The specific name simus. -a, -um is a Latin adjectival form and has to agree in gender with the generic name Kogia (Rice, 1998:84).	Dwarf Sperm Whale
14300130	Physeter	Linnaeus 1758	GENUS					Physeter	Physeteridae	Cetacea	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.76	Physeter macrocephalus Linnaeus, 1758 (= Physeter catodon Linnaeus, 1758) by subsequent selection (Palmer, 1904:5).	Catodon  Linnaeus, 1761; Cetus Billberg, 1828; Meganeuron Gray, 1865; Megistosaurus Anonymous in Harlan, 1828; Physalus Lacépède, 1804.				
14300131	Physeter catodon	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			catodon		Physeter	Physeteridae	Cetacea	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.76		australasianus  Desmoulins, 1822; australis Gray, 1846; macrocephalus Linnnaeus, 1758.	Worldwide: antarctic and cold-temperate waters (northern hemisphere) to tropical waters.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Vulnerable as P. macrocephalus.	Neotype designated by Husson and Holthuis (1974:212). Linnaeus used both catodon and macrocephalus in the 10th edition. P. catodon has line priority and, according to Linnaeus' diagnoses, is the only name applicable. See Hershkovitz (1966a:121), Schevill (1986, 1987b), Holthuis (1987), and Rice (1989, who also reviewed the species).	Sperm Whale
14300132	Platanistidae	Gray 1846	FAMILY						Platanistidae	Cetacea	Zool. Voy. H.M.S. "Erebus" and "Terror" vol.1 p.25		Susuidae Gray, 1868.			The family grouping of the river dolphins has always been a problem. Using molecular data, both Árnason and Gullberg (1996) and Yang et al. (2002) found no direct relationship between Platanista and the other river dolphins. Messenger and McGuire (1998) generated a phylogenetic tree supporting the idea that river dolphins are not monophyletic. In a recent retroposon analysis of the major cetacean lineages the authors found that platanistid dolphins, beaked whales and ocean dolphins diverged (in this order) after sperm whales (Nikaido et al. 2001). Within the other river dolphins the other three genera were found to form a monophyletic group. Hamilton (et al. 2001), based on cytochrome b, also supports Platanista in a separate family. The only remaining disagreement is the placement of the other three genera. Yang et al. (2002) and Rice (1998) placed Lipotes in a separate family and Rice (1998:92-95) placed all three of the other genera i... [truncated]	
14300133	Platanista	Wagler 1830	GENUS					Platanista	Platanistidae	Cetacea	Naturliches Syst. Amphibien p.35	Delphinus gangetica Roxburgh, 1801.	Susu Lesson, 1828.			Authorship reviewed by Pilleri (1978). The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1989) conserved Platanista Wagler, 1830 and gangeticus Roxburgh, 1801 and suppressed Susu Lesson, 1828. The controversy over the original description still is active, with Kinze (2000) giving reasons why Lebeck, 1801 should be the authority.	
14300150	Hyperoodon	Lacépède 1804	GENUS					Hyperoodon	Ziphiidae	Cetacea	Hist. Nat. Cetacees p.xliv, 319	Hyperoodon butskopf Lacépède, 1804 (= Balaena ampullata Forster, 1770).	Anodon  Wagler, 1830; Chaenodelphinus Eschricht, 1843; Frasercetus Moore, 1968; Heterodon Blainville in Desmarest, 1817; Lagenocetus Gray, 1863; Uranodon Illiger, 1811.			Includes Frasercetus Moore, 1968 as a subgenus.	
14300134	Platanista gangetica	Roxburgh 1801	SPECIES			gangetica		Platanista	Platanistidae	Cetacea	Asiat. Res. Trans. Soc. (Calcutta ed.) vol.7 p.170, pl. 5			India, Nepal, and Bangladesh: Ganges, Bramaputra, Meghna, Karnaphuli, and Hooghly river systems.	CITES  Appendix I; IUCN  Endangered as P. g. gangetica.	Reviewed by Reeves and Brownell (1989). Formerly included minor (= indi), see Van Bree (1976), Pilleri and Gihr (1971), and Pilleri (1978).	Ganges River Dolphin
14300135	Platanista minor	Owen 1853	SPECIES			minor		Platanista	Platanistidae	Cetacea	Descrip. Cat. Osteol. R. Mus. Coll. Surgeons vol.2 p.448		indi  Blyth, 1859.	Pakistan, Indus River system.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Endangered as P. gangetica minor.	Reviewed by Reeves and Brownell (1989). See Van Bree (1976). Formerly included in gangetica; see Pilleri and Gihr (1971) and Pilleri and Gihr (1976b, 1976a).	Indus River Dolphin
14300136	Iniidae	Gray 1846	FAMILY						Iniidae	Cetacea	Zool. Voy. H.M.S. "Erebus" and "Terror" vol.1 p.25		Lipotidae Zhou, Quian and Li, 1978; Pontoporiidae Gray, 1870; Stenodelphinidae Miller, 1923.			See comments in family Platanistidae.	
14300137	Inia	d'Orbigny 1834	GENUS					Inia	Iniidae	Cetacea	Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.3 p.31	Inia boliviensis d'Orbigny 1834 (= Delphinus geoffrensis Blainville, 1817).				Reviewed by Pilleri and Gihr (1980a).	
14300170	Mesoplodon stejnegeri	True 1885	SPECIES			stejnegeri		Mesoplodon	Ziphiidae	Cetacea	Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. vol.8 p.584, pl. 25			North Pacific: cold-temperate waters; isolated population in the Sea of Japan.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient.	Reviewed by Loughlin and Perez (1985, Mammalian Species, 250) and J. G. Mead (1989c).	Stejnegers Beaked Whale
12100157	Otolemur garnettii subsp. lasiotis	Peters 1876	SUBSPECIES		lasiotis	garnettii		Otolemur	Galagidae	Primates							
14300138	Inia geoffrensis	Blainville 1817	SPECIES			geoffrensis		Inia	Iniidae	Cetacea	Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., Nouv. ed. vol.9 p.151		amazonicus  (Spix and Martius, 1831); pallida (Sanborn, 1949) [not Gervais]; boliviensis d'Orbigny, 1834; humboldtiana Pilleri and Gihr, 1978; <u>Not assigned to subspecies</u>: rostratus (G. Cuvier, 1812) [part, not Shaw]; frontatus (G. Cuvier, 1823).	Peru, Ecuador, Brazil, Bolivia, Venezuela, Columbia: Amazon, Negro, Mamore (Bolivia), and Orinoco River systems.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Vulnerable.	Reviewed by Best and de Silva (1989). Includes boliviensis, see Casinos and Ocaña (1979); but also see Pilleri and Gihr (1977), who considered it a distinct species. Rice (1998:93) recognized I. g. geoffrensis (Amazon River Dolphin), I. g. humboldtiana (Orinoco River Dolphin) and I. g. boliviensis (Bolivian River Dolphin).	Amazon River Dolphin
14300139	Inia geoffrensis subsp. geoffrensis	Blainville 1817	SUBSPECIES		geoffrensis	geoffrensis		Inia	Iniidae	Cetacea	Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., Nouv. ed. vol.9 p.151						Amazon River Dolphin
14300140	Inia geoffrensis subsp. boliviensis	d'Orbigny 1834	SUBSPECIES		boliviensis	geoffrensis		Inia	Iniidae	Cetacea							Bolivian River Dolphin
14300141	Inia geoffrensis subsp. humboldtiana	Pilleri and Gihr 1978	SUBSPECIES		humboldtiana	geoffrensis		Inia	Iniidae	Cetacea							Orinoco River Dolphin
14300142	Lipotes	Miller 1918	GENUS					Lipotes	Iniidae	Cetacea	Smithson. Misc. Coll. vol.68 9 p.1	Lipotes vexillifer Miller, 1918.					
12100220	Saguinus fuscicollis subsp. cruzlimai	Hershkovitz 1966	SUBSPECIES		cruzlimai	fuscicollis		Saguinus	Cebidae	Primates							
14300146	Ziphiidae	Gray 1865	FAMILY						Ziphiidae	Cetacea	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1865 p.528		Hyperoodontidae Gray, 1846.			Although Hyperoodontidae Gray, 1846 has priority over Ziphiidae, we have chosen to use the latter name following Article 23.12 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (1999) because Ziphiidae has been the name of choice for more than 100 years. Family reviewed by Moore (1968).	
14300147	Berardius	Duvernoy 1851	GENUS					Berardius	Ziphiidae	Cetacea	Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. (Paris), ser. 3 vol.15 p.41	Berardius arnuxii Duvernoy, 1851.				This may be a monotypic genus.	
14300148	Berardius arnuxii	Duvernoy 1851	SPECIES			arnuxii		Berardius	Ziphiidae	Cetacea	Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. (Paris), ser. 3 vol.15 p.52, fig. 1			Southern hemisphere: circumpolar, Antarctic to temperate waters.	CITES  Appendix I; IUCN  Lower Risk (cd).	Reviewed by Balcomb (1989).	Arnouxs Beaked Whale
14300149	Berardius bairdii	Stejneger 1883	SPECIES			bairdii		Berardius	Ziphiidae	Cetacea	Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. vol.6 p.75		vegae  Malm, 1883.	North Pacific: temperate waters.	CITES  Appendix I; IUCN  Lower Risk (cd).	Reviewed by Balcomb (1989); possibly a subspecies of arnuxii, see Davies (1963) and McLachlan et al. (1966).	Bairds Beaked Whale
14300151	Hyperoodon	Lacépède 1804	SUBGENUS				Hyperoodon	Hyperoodon	Ziphiidae	Cetacea	Hist. Nat. Cetacees p.xliv, 319	Hyperoodon butskopf Lacépède, 1804 (= Balaena ampullata Forster, 1770).					
14300153	Hyperoodon ampullatus	Forster 1770	SPECIES			ampullatus	Hyperoodon	Hyperoodon	Ziphiidae	Cetacea	In Kalm, Travels into N. Am. vol.1 p.18		butskopf  (Bonnaterre, 1789); latifrons Gray, 1846; rostratus (Müller, 1776).	North Atlantic: arctic to cold-temperate waters. The Mediterranean record represents a stray (J. G. Mead, 1989b).	CITES  Appendix I; IUCN  Lower Risk (cd).	Subgenus Hyperoodon. Reviewed by J. G. Mead (1989b).	Northern Bottlenose Whale
14300154	Hyperoodon planifrons	Flower 1882	SPECIES			planifrons	Frasercetus	Hyperoodon	Ziphiidae	Cetacea	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1882 p.392, figs. 1, 2		burmeisterei  Moreno, 1895.	Southern hemisphere: circumpolar, antarctic to temperate waters, rarely into tropical waters. May occur in the W North Pacific.	CITES  Appendix I; IUCN  Lower Risk (cd).	Reviewed by J. G. Mead (1989b). Moore (1968) erected the subgenus Frasercetus for this species.	Southern Bottlenose Whale
14300155	Indopacetus	Moore 1968	GENUS					Indopacetus	Ziphiidae	Cetacea	Fieldiana Zool. vol.53 4 p.254	Mesoplodon pacificus Longman, 1926.				Considered by many authors to be included in Mesoplodon. Known only from two specimens.	
14300156	Indopacetus pacificus	Longman 1926	SPECIES			pacificus		Indopacetus	Ziphiidae	Cetacea	Mem. Queensl. Mus. vol.8 3 p.269, pl. 43			Indian Ocean and W South Pacific: tropical waters.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient.	Reviewed by J. G. Mead (1989c). Commonly included in Mesoplodon (Heyning, 1989a; J. G. Mead, 1989c). We prefer tropical bottlenose whale, as used by Pitman et al. (1999), to the older name Longmans beaked whale.	Tropical Bottlenose Whale
14300157	Mesoplodon	Gervais 1850	GENUS					Mesoplodon	Ziphiidae	Cetacea	Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. (Paris), ser. 3 vol.14 p.16	Delphinus sowerbensis de Blainville, 1817 (= Physeter bidens Sowerby, 1804).	Aodon  Lesson, 1828; Dioplodon Gervais, 1850; Dolichodon Gray, 1866; Micropterus Wagner, 1846; Oulodon von Haast, 1876; Nodus Wagler, 1830; Paikea Oliver, 1922.			Mesoplodon Gervais, 1850 and Physeter bidens Sowerby, 1804 were conserved; Nodus, Micropteron, and Mikropteron were suppressed by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1985b).	
14300158	Mesoplodon bidens	Sowerby 1804	SPECIES			bidens		Mesoplodon	Ziphiidae	Cetacea	Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol.7 p.310		dalei (Lesson, 1827); micropterus (G. Cuvier, 1829); sowerbensis (de Blainville, 1817); sowerbiensis (Gray, 1846); sowerbyi (Desmarest, 1822).	North Atlantic and Baltic Sea: temperate waters. Occurrence in the Mediterranean Sea was discussed by van Bree (1975), who considered the evidence unconvincing; however, Casinos and Filella (1981) supported a report from the Italian coast (Brunelli and Fasella, 1929). There is one report from the Gulf of Mexico (Bonde and O'Shea, 1989) that is also considered a stray.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient.	Reviewed by J. G. Mead (1989c).	Sowerbys Beaked Whale
14300159	Mesoplodon bowdoini	Andrews 1908	SPECIES			bowdoini		Mesoplodon	Ziphiidae	Cetacea	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.24 p.203, figs. 1-5, pl. 13			Southern hemisphere, South Pacific and Indian oceans, cold-temperate waters of Australia and New Zealand. The record from Kerguelen Isls (Robineau, 1973) is erroneous and is the fossil rostrum commonly known as Mesoplodon longirostris (J. G. Mead, 1989c).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient.	Reviewed by J. G. Mead (1989c). McCann (see Mead et al., 1982) felt that M. bowdoini was synonymous with M. stejnegeri.	Andrews Beaked Whale
14300160	Mesoplodon carlhubbsi	Moore 1963	SPECIES			carlhubbsi		Mesoplodon	Ziphiidae	Cetacea	Am. Midl. Nat. vol.70 p.396, figs. 1-3, 7, 8, 13-15			North Pacific: temperate waters.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient.	Reviewed by J. G. Mead (1989c). Very closely related to bowdoini. Orr believed that this species was synonymous with M. stejnegeri (see Mead et al., 1982). Hubbs (1946) first identified the holotype of this species as M. bowdoini.	Hubbs Beaked Whale
14300161	Mesoplodon densirostris	Blainville 1817	SPECIES			densirostris		Mesoplodon	Ziphiidae	Cetacea	Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., Nouv. ed. vol.9 p.178		seychellensis  (Gray, 1846).	World-wide: temperate to tropical waters.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient.	Reviewed by J. G. Mead (1989c).	Blainvilles Beaked Whale
14300162	Mesoplodon europaeus	Gervais 1855	SPECIES			europaeus		Mesoplodon	Ziphiidae	Cetacea	Hist. Nat. Mammifères vol.2 p.320		gervaisi  (Deslongchamps, 1866).	Aside from the type, one specimen from Ireland, one specimen from Guinea-Bissau, and three records from Ascension Isl, it is only known from the Western North Atlantic: temperate to tropical waters.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient.	Reviewed by J. G. Mead (1989c) and Norman and Mead (2002, Mammalian Species, 688). The type was not harpooned, as stated by Gervais, but was found as a "cadavre" (Deslongschamps, 1866:177).	Gervais Beaked Whale
14300163	Mesoplodon ginkgodens	Nishiwaki and Kamiya 1958	SPECIES			ginkgodens		Mesoplodon	Ziphiidae	Cetacea	Sci. Rep. Whales Res. Inst. (Tokyo) vol.13 p.53, 13 figs., 17 pls		hotaula  Deraniyagala, 1963.	North Pacific and Indian Oceans: warm-temperate to tropical waters; Japan, Taiwan, Baja California, Mexico, Sri Lanka, Indonesia and Australia.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient.	Reviewed by J. G. Mead (1989c).	Ginkgo-toothed Beaked Whale
14300164	Mesoplodon grayi	Von Haast 1876	SPECIES			grayi		Mesoplodon	Ziphiidae	Cetacea	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1876 p.9		australis  Flower, 1878; haasti Flower, 1878.	Southern hemisphere: cold-temperate waters; one specimen found in the Netherlands (Boschma, 1950:779).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient.	Reviewed by J. G. Mead (1989c).	Grays Beaked Whale
14300165	Mesoplodon hectori	Gray 1871	SPECIES			hectori		Mesoplodon	Ziphiidae	Cetacea	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4 vol.8 p.116		knoxi  Hector, 1873.	Southern hemisphere: temperate waters.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient.	Reviewed by J. G. Mead (1989c). The North Pacific form was found to be a new species, Mesoplodon perrini Dalebout et al., 2002.	Hectors Beaked Whale
14300166	Mesoplodon layardii	Gray 1865	SPECIES			layardii		Mesoplodon	Ziphiidae	Cetacea	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1865 p.357, fig		floweri  Haast, 1876; guntheri Krefft, 1871; longirostris Gray, 1873; thomsoni Ogilby, 1896.	Southern hemisphere: temperate waters.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient.	Reviewed by J. G. Mead (1989c). Mesoplodon traversii, a former synonym of M. layardii, was recently recognized as a valid species (Helden et al., 2002).	Strap-toothed Whale
14300167	Mesoplodon mirus	True 1913	SPECIES			mirus		Mesoplodon	Ziphiidae	Cetacea	Smithson. Misc. Coll. vol.60 25 p.1			North Atlantic, South Atlantic coast of South Africa, Australia: temperate waters.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient.	Reviewed by J. G. Mead (1989c).	Trues Beaked Whale
14300168	Mesoplodon perrini	Dalebout et al. 2002	SPECIES			perrini		Mesoplodon	Ziphiidae	Cetacea	Mar. Mam. Sci. vol.18 3 p.577			Cold temperate waters, eastern North Pacific.	CITES  Appendix II.	Was first described as Mesoplodon hectori by Mead (1981), subsequently recognized as a new species by Dalebout et al. (2002).	Perrins Beaked Whale
14300169	Mesoplodon peruvianus	Reyes, Mead, and Van Waerebeek 1991	SPECIES			peruvianus		Mesoplodon	Ziphiidae	Cetacea	Marine Mammal Sci. vol.7 1 p.1, 6 figs			E South Pacific, E North Pacific: cold-temperate to tropical waters. Known from the coast of Peru between Playa Paraiso (11°S) and San Juan de Marcona (15°S). Two specimens are known from near La Paz, Baja California, Mexico (Urban-Ramirez and Aurioles-Gamboa, 1992).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient.		Pygmy Beaked Whale
12100064	Varecia variegata subsp. subcincta	A. Smith 1833	SUBSPECIES		subcincta	variegata		Varecia	Lemuridae	Primates							
14300171	Mesoplodon traversii	Gray 1873 "1874"	SPECIES			traversii		Mesoplodon	Ziphiidae	Cetacea	Trans. New Zealand Inst. (1873) vol.6 p.96		bahamondi Reyes, Van Warebeek, Cárdenas, and Yáñez, 1996.	South Pacific: temperate waters; known from 3 specimens: Pitt Isl (Chatham Isls), White Isl (North Isl, N.Z.) and Robinson Crusoe Isl (Juan Fernadez Arch., Chile).	CITES  Appendix II.	Was considered synonymous with Mesoplodon layardii until Helden et al. (2002) compared the DNA sequence from the type and determined that it was the same species as M. bahamondi. This species is the rarest member of the Ziphiidae.	Spade-toothed Whale
14300172	Tasmacetus	Oliver 1937	GENUS					Tasmacetus	Ziphiidae	Cetacea	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.107 p.371	Tasmacetus shepherdi Oliver, 1937.					
14300173	Tasmacetus shepherdi	Oliver 1937	SPECIES			shepherdi		Tasmacetus	Ziphiidae	Cetacea	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.107 p.371, pls. 1-5			Southern hemisphere: cold-temperate waters, particularly off New Zealand, Chile, Argentina and Tristan de Cunha.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient.	Reviewed by J. G. Mead (1989a).	Shepherds Beaked Whale
14300174	Ziphius	G. Cuvier 1823	GENUS					Ziphius	Ziphiidae	Cetacea	Rech. Oss. Foss., Nouv. ed. vol.5 p.350	Ziphius cavirostris G. Cuvier, 1823.	Diodon  Lesson, 1828; Hypodon Haldeman, 1841; Petrorhynchus Gray, 1875; Ziphiorhynchus Burmeister, 1865.				
12100221	Saguinus fuscicollis subsp. fuscus	Lesson 1840	SUBSPECIES		fuscus	fuscicollis		Saguinus	Cebidae	Primates							
14300175	Ziphius cavirostris	G. Cuvier 1823	SPECIES			cavirostris		Ziphius	Ziphiidae	Cetacea	Rech. Oss. Foss., Nouv. ed. vol.5 1 p.350		australis  (Burmeister, 1865); capensis (Gray, 1865); chathamensis (Hector, 1873); indicus Van Beneden, 1863.	Worldwide: cold-temperate to tropical waters.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient.	Reviewed by Heyning (1989b).	Cuviers Beaked Whale
11300012	Orycteropus afer subsp. kordofanicus	Rothschild 1927	SUBSPECIES		kordofanicus	afer		Orycteropus	Orycteropodidae	Tubulidentata							
12100008	Cheirogaleus	É. Geoffroy 1812	GENUS					Cheirogaleus	Cheirogaleidae	Primates	Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.19 p.172	Cheirogaleus major É. Geoffroy, 1812; fixed by Elliot (1907b:548).	Altililemur Elliot, 1913; Cebugale Lesson, 1840; Mioxocebus Lesson, 1840; Myspithecus F. Cuvier, 1842; Opolemur Gray, 1873.			Revised by Groves (2000a).	
12100009	Cheirogaleus adipicaudatus	Grandidier 1868	SPECIES			adipicaudatus		Cheirogaleus	Cheirogaleidae	Primates	Ann. Sci. Nat., 5<sup>th</sup> ser., Zool. Paléont. vol.10 p.378		thomasi  Forsyth Major, 1894.	W and S Madagascar.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered.		Spiny Desert Dwarf Lemur
12100010	Cheirogaleus crossleyi	A. Grandidier 1870	SPECIES			crossleyi		Cheirogaleus	Cheirogaleidae	Primates	Rev. Zool. pur et appliqué vol.22 p.49		melanotis Forsyth Major, 1894.	E Madagascar: inland regions from Vohima south to Imerima.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered.		Crossleys Dwarf Lemur
12100011	Cheirogaleus major	É. Geoffroy 1812	SPECIES			major		Cheirogaleus	Cheirogaleidae	Primates	Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.19 p.172		commersonii Wolf, 1822; griseus Lesson, 1840; milii É. Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 1828; typicus A. Smith, 1833; typus F. Cuvier, 1842.	E Madagascar: Antongil Bay south to nearly 23°S.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Greater Dwarf Lemur
12100012	Cheirogaleus medius	É. Geoffroy 1812	SPECIES			medius		Cheirogaleus	Cheirogaleidae	Primates	Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.19 p.172		minor É. Geoffroy, 1812; samati Grandidier, 1867.	W Madagascar.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Lesser Dwarf Lemur
12100013	Cheirogaleus minusculus	Groves 2000	SPECIES			minusculus		Cheirogaleus	Cheirogaleidae	Primates	Int. J. Primatol. vol.21 p.960			Known only from type locality.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered.		Small Iron-gray Dwarf Lemur
12100014	Cheirogaleus ravus	Groves 2000	SPECIES			ravus		Cheirogaleus	Cheirogaleidae	Primates	Int. J. Primatol. vol.21 p.960			E Madagascar, about 17°-18°S.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered.		Large Iron-gray Dwarf Lemur
12100015	Cheirogaleus sibreei	Forsyth Major 1896	SPECIES			sibreei		Cheirogaleus	Cheirogaleidae	Primates	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.18 p.325			E Madagascar: Ankeramadinika, Imerima and Pasandava.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered.		Sibrees Dwarf Lemur
12100016	Microcebus	É. Geoffroy 1834	GENUS					Microcebus	Cheirogaleidae	Primates	Cours Hist. Nat. Mamm. vol.lecon 11 1828 p.24	Lemur pusillus É. Geoffroy, 1795 (= Lemur murinus J. F. Miller, 1777).	Azema Gray, 1870; Gliscebus Lesson, 1840; Murilemur Gray, 1870; Myocebus Wagner, 1841; Myscebus Lesson, 1840; Scartes Swainson, 1835			Revised by Rasoloarison et al. (2000).	
12100017	Microcebus berthae	Rasoloarison, Goodman and Ganzhorn 2000	SPECIES			berthae		Microcebus	Cheirogaleidae	Primates	Int. J. Primatol. vol.21 p.1001			Madagascar: region surrounding Kirindy/CFPF Forest, perhaps south to RS dAndranomena and north to region of Analabe.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered.		Berthes Mouse Lemur
12100018	Microcebus griseorufus	Kollman 1910	SPECIES			griseorufus		Microcebus	Cheirogaleidae	Primates	Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.16 p.304			Madagascar: region around RS Beza Mahafaly, north at least to Lamboharana.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered.		Red-and-gray Mouse Lemur
12100019	Microcebus murinus	J. F. Miller 1777	SPECIES			murinus		Microcebus	Cheirogaleidae	Primates	Cimelia Physica p.25		gliroides A. Grandidier, 1868; madagascarensis É. Geoffroy, 1812; minima Boddaert, 1785; minor Gray, 1842; palmarum Lesson, 1840; prehensilis Kerr, 1792; pusillus É. Geoffroy, 1795.	W Madagascar, apparently from the far southwest to the Sambirano region.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Gray Mouse Lemur
12100020	Microcebus myoxinus	Peters 1852	SPECIES			myoxinus		Microcebus	Cheirogaleidae	Primates	Reise nach Mozambique, Zool. vol.1 p.14			Madagascar: between Tsiribihna River and Soalala Peninsula.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA and IUCN  Endangered.		Peters Mouse Lemur
12100222	Saguinus fuscicollis subsp. illigeri	Pucheran 1845	SUBSPECIES		illigeri	fuscicollis		Saguinus	Cebidae	Primates							
12100021	Microcebus ravelobensis	Zimmermann, Ehresmann, Zietemann, Radespiel, Randrianambinina, and Rakotoarison 1997	SPECIES			ravelobensis		Microcebus	Cheirogaleidae	Primates	Primate Eye vol.63 p.26			Madagascar: Ankarafantsika region.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA and IUCN  Endangered.	A full description appears in Zimmermann et al. (1998), but the briefer description in Zimmermann et al. (1997) satisfies the requirements of the Code.	Ravelobe Mouse Lemur
12100022	Microcebus rufus	É. Geoffroy 1828 "1834"	SPECIES			rufus		Microcebus	Cheirogaleidae	Primates	Cours Hist. Nat. Mamm. vol.lecon 11 1828 p.24		smithii  Gray, 1842.	E and N Madagascar.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Separated from murinus by Petter et al. (1977:30).	Eastern Rufous Mouse Lemur
12100023	Microcebus sambiranensis	Rasoloarison, Goodman and Ganzhorn 2000	SPECIES			sambiranensis		Microcebus	Cheirogaleidae	Primates	Int. J. Primatol. vol.21 p.982			Madagascar: Manongarivo Reserve.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered.		Sambirano Mouse Lemur
12100024	Microcebus tavaratra	Rasoloarison, Goodman and Ganzhorn 2000	SPECIES			tavaratra		Microcebus	Cheirogaleidae	Primates	Int. J. Primatol. vol.21 p.977			Madagascar: Ankarana Reserve.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered.		Northern Rufous Mouse Lemur
12100025	Mirza	Gray 1870	GENUS					Mirza	Cheirogaleidae	Primates	Cat. Monkeys, Lemurs, Fruit-eating Bats Brit. Mus. p.131	Cheirogaleus coquereli A. Grandidier, 1867.				Recognised as a genus separate from Microcebus by Schwartz and Tattersall (1985); not recognized by McKenna and Bell (1997).	
12100026	Mirza coquereli	A. Grandidier 1867	SPECIES			coquereli		Mirza	Cheirogaleidae	Primates	Rev. Mag. Zool. Paris, ser. 2 vol.19 p.85			W Madagascar.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Vulnerable.		Giant Mouse Lemur
12100027	Phaner	Gray 1870	GENUS					Phaner	Cheirogaleidae	Primates	Cat. Monkeys, Lemurs, Fruit-eating Bats Brit. Mus. p.135	Lemur furcifer Blainville, 1839.				Placed in a separate subfamily, Phanerinae, by Rumpler (1974) and by McKenna and Bell (1997); but the evidence that they are the sister clade to other Cheirogaleidae is incomplete. Groves and Tattersall (1991) described three new subspecies, which were raised to species rank by Groves (2001c).	
12100028	Phaner electromontis	Groves and Tattersall 1991	SPECIES			electromontis		Phaner	Cheirogaleidae	Primates	Folia Primatol. vol.56 p.47			N Madagascar, Amber Mountain (Ambohitra).	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Vulnerable as P. furcifer electromontis.		Mt. dAmbre Fork-crowned Lemur
12100029	Phaner furcifer	Blainville 1839	SPECIES			furcifer		Phaner	Cheirogaleidae	Primates	Osteogr. Mamm., Primates p.35			Madagascar, Masoala Peninsula.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).		Masoala Fork-crowned Lemur
12100030	Phaner pallescens	Groves and Tattersall 1991	SPECIES			pallescens		Phaner	Cheirogaleidae	Primates	Folia Primatol. vol.56 p.47			W Madagascar, discontinuously from Soalala to somewhat south of Fiherenana River.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Vulnerable as P. furcifer pallescens.		Pale Fork-crowned Lemur
12100031	Phaner parienti	Groves and Tattersall 1991	SPECIES			parienti		Phaner	Cheirogaleidae	Primates	Folia Primatol. vol.56 p.47			NW Madagascar, Sambirano region.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Vulnerable as P. furcifer parienti.		Parientes Fork-crowned Lemur
12100032	Lemuroidea	Gray 1821	SUPERFAMILY							Primates	London Med. Repos. vol.15 p.296					Includes Indridae (Groves, 2001c).	
12100033	Lemuridae	Gray 1821	FAMILY						Lemuridae	Primates	London Med. Repos. vol.15 p.296					Reviewed by Petter et al. (1977) and Groves (2001c).	
12100034	Eulemur	Simons and Rumpler 1988	GENUS					Eulemur	Lemuridae	Primates	C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris vol.III 307 p.547 (15 September)	Lemur mongoz Linnaeus, 1766.	Petterus  Groves and Eaglen, 1988 (6 October).				
12100035	Eulemur albifrons	É. Geoffroy 1796	SPECIES			albifrons		Eulemur	Lemuridae	Primates	Mag. Encyclop. vol.1 p.20		frederici (Lesson, 1840).	N Madagascar, except extreme south; Mayotte (Comoro Isls).	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Lower Risk (nt) as E. fulvus albifrons.	Regarded as a distinct species by Groves (2001c).	White-headed Lemur
12100036	Eulemur albocollaris	Rumpler 1975	SPECIES			albocollaris		Eulemur	Lemuridae	Primates	InTattersall and Sussman (eds.), Lemur Biology p.29			Madagascar: restricted to forest between Manampatrana and Mananara Rivers.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Critically Endangered as E. fulvus albocollaris.	Regarded as a distinct species by Groves (2001c).	White-collared Lemur
12100081	Indri indri	Gmelin 1788	SPECIES			indri		Indri	Indridae	Primates	Syst. Nat., 13th ed. vol.1 p.42		ater (I. Geoffroy, 1825); brevicaudatus É. Geoffroy and G. Cuvier, 1796; mitratus (Peters, 1871); niger Lacépède, 1799; variegatus (Gray, 1872).	NE to EC Madagascar.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA and IUCN  Endangered.		Indri
12100037	Eulemur cinereiceps	A. Grandidier and Milne-Edwards 1890	SPECIES			cinereiceps		Eulemur	Lemuridae	Primates	Hist. Nat. Madagascar, Mamm. vol.5 p.147, pl. 140			Known only from type locality.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered.	Discussed by Groves (2001c), who recognized it with a query. The two known specimens (both females) are somewhat different, and both are unlike any known taxon, although females of some taxa, such as E. albocollaris, are poorly known and proper comparison is difficult.	Gray-headed Lemur
12100038	Eulemur collaris	É. Geoffroy 1812	SPECIES			collaris		Eulemur	Lemuridae	Primates	Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.19 p.161		melanocephala (Gray, 1863); xanthomystax (Gray, 1863).	Madagascar: from Mananara River south to near Tolagnaro.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Vulnerable as E. fulvus collaris.	Regarded as a distinct species by Groves (2001c).	Red-collared Lemur
12100039	Eulemur coronatus	Gray 1842	SPECIES			coronatus		Eulemur	Lemuridae	Primates	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.10 p.257		chrysampyx  (Scheuermans, 1846).	Mt. Ambre (N Madagascar).	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Vulnerable.	Separated from mongoz by Petter et al. (1977:151).	Crowned Lemur
12100040	Eulemur fulvus	É. Geoffroy 1796	SPECIES			fulvus		Eulemur	Lemuridae	Primates	Mag. Encyclop. vol.1 p.47		bruneus (van der Hoeven, 1844); mayottensis (Schlegel, 1866).	W Madagascar from Akarafantsika north to the Sambirano, perhaps to the Tsaratanana; E Madagascar, some way northeast of Antananarivo; Mayotte (Comoro Isls).	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Does not include albifrons, albocollaris, collaris, rufus or sanfordi; Groves (2001c) treated these forms, generally classed as subspecies, as distinct species.	Brown Lemur
12100041	Eulemur macaco	Linnaeus 1766	SPECIES			macaco		Eulemur	Lemuridae	Primates	Syst. Nat., 12th ed. vol.1 p.34		leucomystax  (Bartlett, 1863); niger (Schreber, 1775); flavifrons (Gray, 1867); nigerrimus (Sclater, 1880).	Nosi Be and NW Madagascar.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Critically Endangered as E. m. flavifrons, otherwise Vulnerable.		Black Lemur
12100042	Eulemur macaco subsp. macaco	Linnaeus 1766	SUBSPECIES		macaco	macaco		Eulemur	Lemuridae	Primates	Syst. Nat., 12th ed. vol.1 p.34						
12100044	Eulemur mongoz	Linnaeus 1766	SPECIES			mongoz		Eulemur	Lemuridae	Primates	Syst. Nat., 12th ed. vol.1 p.44		albimanus  (É. Geoffroy, 1812); anjuanensis (É. Geoffroy, 1812); brissonii (Lesson, 1840); bugi (Lesson, 1840); cuvieri (Fitzinger, 1870); dubius (F. Cuvier, 1834); johannae (Trouessart, 1904); macromongoz (Lesson, 1840); micromongoz (Lesson, 1840); nigrifrons (É. Geoffroy, 1812); noussardii (Boitard, 1842); ocularis (Lesson, 1840).	NW Madagascar, between Majunga and Betsiboka; Anjouan, Moheli (Comoro Isls).	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Vulnerable.		Mongoose Lemur
12100045	Eulemur rubriventer	I. Geoffroy 1850	SPECIES			rubriventer		Eulemur	Lemuridae	Primates	C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris vol.31 p.876		flaviventer (I. Geoffroy, 1850); rufipes (Gray, 1871); rufiventer (Gray, 1870).	E Madagascar, from Tsaratanana Mtns to Ivohibé.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Vulnerable.		Red-bellied Lemur
12100046	Eulemur rufus	Audebert 1799	SPECIES			rufus		Eulemur	Lemuridae	Primates	Hist. Nat. Singes et Makis p.12		rufifrons (Bennett, 1833).	E Madagascar, probably from Mangoro River to Manampatrana River; W Madagascar, from Betsiboka River to south of Fiherenana River.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Lower Risk (nt) as E. fulvus rufus.	Regarded as a distinct species, not a subspecies of E. fulvus, by Groves (2001c).	Red-fronted Lemur
12100047	Eulemur sanfordi	Archbold 1932	SPECIES			sanfordi		Eulemur	Lemuridae	Primates	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.518 p.1			N Madagascar, from Ampasindava peninsula south to Mahavavy and Manambato Rivers.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Vulnerable as E. fulvus sanfordi.	Regarded as a distinct species, not a subspecies of E. fulvus, by Groves (2001c).	Sanfords Lemur
14100002	Equidae	Gray 1821	FAMILY						Equidae	Perissodactyla	London Med. Repos. vol.15 p.307						
12100048	Hapalemur	I. Geoffroy 1851	GENUS					Hapalemur	Lemuridae	Primates	L'Inst. Paris vol.19 929 p.341	Lemur griseus É. Geoffroy, 1812 (= Lemur griseus Link, 1795).	Hapalolemur Giebel, 1855; Myoxicebus Elliot, 1913.			Placed in Lepilemuridae (= Megaladapidae) by Tattersall (1982).	
12100049	Hapalemur alaotrensis	Rumpler 1975	SPECIES			alaotrensis		Hapalemur	Lemuridae	Primates	InTattersall and Sussman (eds.), Lemur Biology p.28			Reed-beds around Lake Alaotra, E Madagascar.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Critically Endangered as H. griseus alaotrensis.	Groves (2001c) treated this as a full species.	Bandro
12100050	Hapalemur aureus	Meier, Albignac, Peyriéras, Rumpler, and Wright 1987	SPECIES			aureus		Hapalemur	Lemuridae	Primates	Folia Primatol. vol.48 p.211			Between Namorona River and Bevoahazo Village, SE Madagascar.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Critically Endangered.		Golden Bamboo Lemur
12100082	Indri indri subsp. indri	Gmelin 1788	SUBSPECIES		indri	indri		Indri	Indridae	Primates	Syst. Nat., 13th ed. vol.1 p.42						
12100083	Indri indri subsp. variegatus	Gray 1872	SUBSPECIES		variegatus	indri		Indri	Indridae	Primates							
12100223	Saguinus fuscicollis subsp. leucogenys	Gray 1866	SUBSPECIES		leucogenys	fuscicollis		Saguinus	Cebidae	Primates							
12100051	Hapalemur griseus	Link 1795	SPECIES			griseus		Hapalemur	Lemuridae	Primates	Beytr. Naturg. vol.1 p.65		cinereus (Desmarest, 1820); olivaceus I. Geoffroy, 1851; schlegeli Pocock, 1917; meridionalis Warter, Randrianosolo, Dutrillaux and Rumpler, 1987.	E Madagascar from Tsaratanana Massif south to Tolagnaro.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Lower Risk (nt) as H. g. griseus, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	Groves (1989:87) suggested that H. g. alaotrensis may be a full species, and both alaotrensis and occidentalis were definitively separated as species by Groves (2001c).	Gray Bamboo Lemur
12100052	Hapalemur griseus subsp. griseus	Link 1795	SUBSPECIES		griseus	griseus		Hapalemur	Lemuridae	Primates	Beytr. Naturg. vol.1 p.65						
12100053	Hapalemur griseus subsp. meridionalis	Warter, Randrianosolo, Dutrillaux and Rumpler 1987	SUBSPECIES		meridionalis	griseus		Hapalemur	Lemuridae	Primates							
12100054	Hapalemur occidentalis	Rumpler 1975	SPECIES			occidentalis		Hapalemur	Lemuridae	Primates	InTattersall and Sussman (eds.), Lemur Biology p.28			Sambirano region and perhaps elsewhere in W Madagscar.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Vulnerable as H. griseus occidentalis.	Groves (2001c) treated this as a full species.	Sambirano Bamboo Lemur
12100055	Lemur	Linnaeus 1758	GENUS					Lemur	Lemuridae	Primates	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.24	Lemur catta Linnaeus, 1758.	Catta Link, 1806; Maki Muirhead, 1819; Mococo Lesson, 1878; Odorlemur Bolwig, 1961; Procebus Storr, 1780; Prosimia Boddaert, 1785.			Revised by Petter et al. (1977:128-213). Restricted to L. catta by Groves and Eaglen (1988:533) and Simons and Rumpler (1988:547).	
12100056	Lemur catta	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			catta		Lemur	Lemuridae	Primates	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.30		mococo  (Muirhead, 1819).	S Madagascar.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Vulnerable.		Ring-tailed Lemur
12100057	Prolemur	Gray 1870 "1871"	GENUS					Prolemur	Lemuridae	Primates	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1870 p.828	Hapalemur(Prolemur) simus Gray, 1871.	Prohapalemur  Lamberton, 1936.			A synonym of Hapalemur according to McKenna and Bell (1997); regarded as a full genus by Groves (2001c).	
12100058	Prolemur simus	Gray 1871	SPECIES			simus		Prolemur	Lemuridae	Primates	Cat. Monkeys, Lemurs, Fruit-eating Bats Brit. Mus. p.133		gallieni  (Standing, 1905).	Madagascar: confined to Ranomafana district; in historic times occurred around Bay of Antongil.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Critically Endangered as Hapalemur simus.	Includes H. gallieni Standing, 1905 (see Vuillaume-Randriamanantena et al., 1985).	Greater Bamboo Lemur
12100268	Cebus apella subsp. peruanus	Thomas 1901	SUBSPECIES		peruanus	apella		Cebus	Cebidae	Primates							
12100060	Varecia rubra	É. Geoffroy 1812	SPECIES			rubra		Varecia	Lemuridae	Primates	Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.19 p.159		erythromela (Lesson, 1840).	Madagascar: Masoala Peninsula.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Recognized as a full species by Groves (2001c).	Red Ruffed Lemur
12100061	Varecia variegata	Kerr 1792	SPECIES			variegata		Varecia	Lemuridae	Primates	In Linnaeus, Anim. Kingdom p.85		vari (Muirhead, 1819); varius (I. Geoffroy, 1851); editorum (Osman Hill, 1953); subcincta (A. Smith, 1833).	East coast of Madagascar, to 19°S latitude.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA and IUCN  Endangered.		Black-and-white Ruffed Lemur
12100062	Varecia variegata subsp. variegata	Kerr 1792	SUBSPECIES		variegata	variegata		Varecia	Lemuridae	Primates	In Linnaeus, Anim. Kingdom p.85						
12100063	Varecia variegata subsp. editorum	Osman Hill 1953	SUBSPECIES		editorum	variegata		Varecia	Lemuridae	Primates							
12100065	Lepilemuridae	Gray 1870	FAMILY						Lepilemuridae	Primates	Cat. Monkeys, Lemurs, Fruit-eating Bats Brit. Mus. p.132		Megaladapidae Major, 1893.			Includes many extinct (subfossil) genera, as well as Lepilemur, according to Schwartz and Tattersall (1985:20) and Groves (1989:92). Called Megaladapidae by Groves (1993, 2001c), but Lepilemuridae takes precedence. Considered a subfamily (Lepilemurinae) of Lemuridae by McKenna and Bell (1997), but it is not clearly more related to Lemuridae than to Indridae.	
14100023	Equus hemionus subsp. hemippus	I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1855	SUBSPECIES		hemippus	hemionus		Equus	Equidae	Perissodactyla							
14100024	Equus hemionus subsp. khur	Lesson 1827	SUBSPECIES		khur	hemionus		Equus	Equidae	Perissodactyla							
12100066	Lepilemur	I. Geoffroy 1851	GENUS					Lepilemur	Lepilemuridae	Primates	Cat. Meth. Coll. Mamm. Ois. (Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris), Primates p.75	Lepilemur mustelinus I. Geoffroy, 1851.	Galeocebus Wagner, 1855; Lepidilemur Giebel, 1859; Mixocebus, Peters, 1874.			Revised by Petter et al. (1977:274-318). Six of the seven species are known to be karyotypically distinct. Rumpler (1975) and Corbet and Hill (1980:83) placed this genus in a subfamily of Lemuridae. Petter and Petter (1977:6) placed it in its own family Lepilemuridae. Yoder et al. (1999) considered that Lepilemur is probably not, in fact, a member of the Megaladapidae, which is based on a subfossil genus.	
12100084	Propithecus	Bennett 1832	GENUS					Propithecus	Indridae	Primates	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1832 p.20	Propithecus diadema Bennett, 1832.	Macromerus  A. Smith, 1833.			Revised by Groves (2001c).	
12100224	Saguinus fuscicollis subsp. lagonotus	Jiménez de la Espada 1870	SUBSPECIES		lagonotus	fuscicollis		Saguinus	Cebidae	Primates							
12100067	Lepilemur ankaranensis	Rumpler and Albignac 1975	SPECIES			ankaranensis		Lepilemur	Lepilemuridae	Primates	Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. vol.42 p.425		andrafiamenensis Rumpler and Albignac, 1975.	Montagne dAmbre, Ankarana, Andrafiamena and Analamera regions, extreme N Madagascar.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Vulnerable as included in L. septentrionalis.	Shown by Rumpler et al. (2001) to be a distinct species, not a subspecies of L. septentrionalis; they used the name L. andrafiamenensis for it, but Groves (1989:95), who synonymised andrafiamenensis and ankaranensis as a subspecies of L. septentrionalis, selected ankaranensis to have priority.	Ankarana Sportive Lemur
12100068	Lepilemur dorsalis	Gray 1870	SPECIES			dorsalis		Lepilemur	Lepilemuridae	Primates	Cat. Monkeys, Lemurs, Fruit-eating Bats Brit. Mus. p.135		grandidieri  (Forsyth Major, 1894).	Nosi Bé, Nosy Komba, and Sambirano region (NW Madagascar).	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Vulnerable.		Black-striped Sportive Lemur
12100069	Lepilemur edwardsi	Forbes 1894	SPECIES			edwardsi		Lepilemur	Lepilemuridae	Primates	Handbook of Primates vol.1 p.87		rufescens  (Lorenz, 1898).	E Madagascar, from 15°15S perhaps to the Tsiribihina River.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Includes rufescens, which Petter and Petter (1977:7) considered a distinct species.	Milne-Edwardss Sportive Lemur
12100070	Lepilemur leucopus	Major 1894	SPECIES			leucopus		Lepilemur	Lepilemuridae	Primates	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.13 p.211		globiceps (Forsyth Major, 1894).	Arid zone of S Madagascar.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).		White-footed Sportive Lemur
12100071	Lepilemur microdon	Forsyth Major 1894	SPECIES			microdon		Lepilemur	Lepilemuridae	Primates	In Forbes, Handbook of Primates vol.1 p.88			E Madagascar, from 18°S to 24°50S.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).		Small-toothed Sportive Lemur
12100072	Lepilemur mustelinus	I. Geoffroy 1851	SPECIES			mustelinus		Lepilemur	Lepilemuridae	Primates	Cat. Meth. Coll. Mamm. Ois. (Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris), Primates p.76		caniceps  (Peters, 1875).	E Madagascar, from about 13°45S to 20°S.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).		Weasel Lemur
12100073	Lepilemur ruficaudatus	A. Grandidier 1867	SPECIES			ruficaudatus		Lepilemur	Lepilemuridae	Primates	Rev. Mag. Zool. Paris, ser. 2 vol.19 p.256		pallidicauda  Gray, 1873.	SW Madagascar, from about 19°45S to 23°S, and along the Onilahy River.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).		Red-tailed Sportive Lemur
12100074	Lepilemur septentrionalis	Rumpler and Albignac 1975	SPECIES			septentrionalis		Lepilemur	Lepilemuridae	Primates	Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. vol.42 p.425		sahafarensis  Rumpler and Albignac, 1975.	Sahafary Forest, extreme NE Madagascar.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Vulnerable.	Does not include L. andrafiamenensis (= L. ankaranensis; Rumpler et al., 2001).	Northern Sportive Lemur
12100109	Loris lydekkerianus subsp. malabaricus	Wroughton 1917	SUBSPECIES		malabaricus	lydekkerianus		Loris	Lorisidae	Primates							
12100110	Loris lydekkerianus subsp. nycticeboides	Hill 1942	SUBSPECIES		nycticeboides	lydekkerianus		Loris	Lorisidae	Primates							
12100075	Indridae	Burnett 1828	FAMILY						Indridae	Primates	Quart. J. Lit. Sci. Arts Lond. vol.2 p.306-307					Reviewed by Groves (2001c). Properly Indridae (see Jenkins,1987:43), but Indriidae was conserved as the correct spelling by Opinion 1995 of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (2002a). The Indrid clade includes two recently-extinct families or subfamilies, Archaeolemuridae and Palaeopropithecidae (McKenna and Bell, 1997).	
14100001	Perissodactyla	Owen 1848	ORDER							Perissodactyla							
14100003	Equus	Linnaeus 1758	GENUS					Equus	Equidae	Perissodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.73	Equus caballus Linnaeus, 1758.	Asinohippus Trumler, 1961; Asinus Brisson, 1762 [unavailable]; Asinus Gray, 1824; Caballus Rafinesque, 1815; Dolichohippus Heller, 1912; Grevya Hilzheimer, 1912; Hemionus F. Cuvier, 1823 [unavailable]; Hemionus Stehlin and Graziosi, 1935; Hemippus Dietrich, 1959; Hippotigris C. H. Smith, 1841; Ludolphozecora Griffin, 1913; Megacephalon Hilzheimer, 1912; Megacephalonella Strand, 1943; Microhippus Matschie, 1924; Onager Brisson, 1762 [unavailable]; Pseudoquagga Hoffstetter, 1951; Quagga Shortridge, 1934; Quaggoides Willoughby, 1974; Zebra J. A. Allen, 1909.			Species-groups with potential subgeneric names, based on Groves and Willoughby (1981), are as follows: E. asinus or Asinus group; E. caballus or nominate Equus group (synonym: Caballus); E. grevyi or Dolichohippus group (synonyms: Grevya, Ludolphozecora, Megacephalon, and Megacephalonella); E. hemionus or Hemionus group (synonyms: Asinohippus, Hemippus, Microhippus and Onager), including also E. kiang; E. quagga or Quagga group (synonyms: Pseudoquagga, Quaggoides, and Zebra), including also E. burchellii; and E. zebra or Hippotigris group. Earliest generic name for the E. quagga group (Zebra J. A. Allen, 1909) is preoccupied and next available name (Kraterohippus van Hoepen, 1930) would have priority over Quagga Shortridge, 1934 if these nominal genera were treated as valid taxa.	
14100005	Equus asinus subsp. asinus	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		asinus	asinus		Equus	Equidae	Perissodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.73						
14100006	Equus asinus subsp. africanus	Heuglin and Fitzinger 1866	SUBSPECIES		africanus	asinus		Equus	Equidae	Perissodactyla							
14100007	Equus asinus subsp. somalicus	P. L. Sclater 1885	SUBSPECIES		somalicus	asinus		Equus	Equidae	Perissodactyla							
12100076	Avahi	Jourdan 1834	GENUS					Avahi	Indridae	Primates	L'Institute, Paris vol.2 p.231	Lemur laniger Gmelin, 1788.	Habrocebus Wagner, 1839; Iropocus Gloger, 1841; Microrhynchus Jourdan, 1834 [not of Megerle, 1823 (Coleoptera)]; Semnocebus Lesson, 1840.			Lichanotus has commonly been used for this genus, but see Jenkins (1987:55). Revised in part by Thalmann and Geissmann (2000).	
12100077	Avahi laniger	Gmelin 1788	SPECIES			laniger		Avahi	Indridae	Primates	Syst. Nat., 13th ed. vol.1 p.44		avahi (van der Hoeven, 1844); lanatus (Wagner, 1840); longicaudatus (E. Geoffroy, 1796); orientalis (von Lorenz-Liburnau, 1898) .	E coast and Ankarafantsika Dist. in NW Madagascar.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Rumpler et al. (1990) suggested that occidentalis may be a distinct species.	Eastern Woolly Lemur
12100078	Avahi occidentalis	von Lorenz-Liburnau 1898	SPECIES			occidentalis		Avahi	Indridae	Primates	Abh. Senckenb. Naturf. Ges. vol.21 p.452			Madagascar: Betsiboka River north as far as Mahajamba or Sofia Rivers, perhaps to Maevarano River.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Vulnerable.	Rumpler et al. (1990) suggested that occidentalis may be a distinct species, and they were followed by Thalmann and Geissmann (2000), who drew attention to a population in the Bemaraha district at 18°59S, 44°45E, which they suggested is likely to represent a further, undescribed species.	Western Woolly Lemur
12100079	Avahi unicolor	Thalmann and Geissmann 2000	SPECIES			unicolor		Avahi	Indridae	Primates	Int. J. Primatol. vol.21 p.934			Madagascar: probably restricted to Sambirano region.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered.		Sambirano Woolly Lemur
12100085	Propithecus coquereli	A. Grandidier 1867	SPECIES			coquereli		Propithecus	Indridae	Primates	Rev. Mag. Zool. Paris, ser. 2 vol.19 p.314		damonis Gray, 1870.	NW Madagascar, from Ambato-Boéni region to Antsohihy.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Endangered as P. verreauxi coquereli.	Recognized as a full species by Groves (2001c).	Coquerels Sifaka
12100086	Propithecus deckenii	A. Grandidier 1867	SPECIES			deckenii		Propithecus	Indridae	Primates	Rev. Mag. Zool. Paris, ser. 2 vol.19 p.84		coronatus  Milne-Edwards, 1871; damanus Pollen in Schlegel, 1876.	NC to SW Madagascar.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Vulnerable as P. verreauxi deckenii, Critically Endangered as P. v. coronatus.	Recognized as a full species by Groves (2001c).	Van der Deckens Sifaka
12100087	Propithecus deckenii subsp. deckenii	A. Grandidier 1867	SUBSPECIES		deckenii	deckenii		Propithecus	Indridae	Primates	Rev. Mag. Zool. Paris, ser. 2 vol.19 p.84						
12100088	Propithecus deckenii subsp. coronatus	Milne-Edwards 1871	SUBSPECIES		coronatus	deckenii		Propithecus	Indridae	Primates							
12100089	Propithecus diadema	Bennett 1832	SPECIES			diadema		Propithecus	Indridae	Primates	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1832 p.20		albus Vinson, 1862; typicus A. Smith, 1833; candidus Grandidier, 1871; sericeus Milne-Edwards and A. Grandidier, 1872.	N and E Madagascar, south to Mangoro River.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Critically Endangered as P. diadema diadema and P. d. candidus.		Diademed Sifaka
12100090	Propithecus diadema subsp. diadema	Bennett 1832	SUBSPECIES		diadema	diadema		Propithecus	Indridae	Primates	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1832 p.20						
12100091	Propithecus diadema subsp. candidus	Grandidier 1871	SUBSPECIES		candidus	diadema		Propithecus	Indridae	Primates							
12100158	Otolemur garnettii subsp. kikuyuensis	Lönnberg 1912	SUBSPECIES		kikuyuensis	garnettii		Otolemur	Galagidae	Primates							
12100092	Propithecus edwardsi	Grandidier 1871	SPECIES			edwardsi		Propithecus	Indridae	Primates	C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris vol.72 p.232		bicolor Gray, 1872; holomelas Günther, 1875.	Between Mangoro and Mananara Rivers.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA and IUCN  Endangered as P. diadema edwardsi.	Recognized as a full species by Groves (2001c).	Milne-Edwardss Sifaka
12100093	Propithecus perrieri	Lavauden 1931	SPECIES			perrieri		Propithecus	Indridae	Primates	C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris vol.193 p.77			E Madagascar, between Ankarana and the coast.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA and IUCN  Critically Endangered as P. diadema perrieri.	Recognized as a full species by Groves (2001c).	Perriers Sifaka
12100094	Propithecus tattersalli	Simons 1988	SPECIES			tattersalli		Propithecus	Indridae	Primates	Folia Primatol. vol.50 p.146			Ampandraha, Madirabe and Daraina districts, Madagascar.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Critically Endangered.		Golden-crowned Sifaka
12100095	Propithecus verreauxi	A. Grandidier 1867	SPECIES			verreauxi		Propithecus	Indridae	Primates	Rev. Mag. Zool. Paris, ser. 2 vol.19 p.84		majori  Rothschild, 1894; verreauxoides Lamberton, 1936.	Madagascar: xerophytic bush zone south of Tsiribihina River.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Vulnerable.		Verreauxs Sifaka
12100096	CHIROMYIFORMES	Anthony and Coupin 1931	INFRAORDER							Primates						Retained as an infraorder (i.e. of equal status to Lemuriformes and Loriformes) by Groves (1989:65, 74-78; 2001c), because it does not certainly form a clade with other Malagasy taxa.	
12100097	Daubentoniidae	Gray 1863	FAMILY						Daubentoniidae	Primates	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1863 p.151		Cheiromyidae I. Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 1851; Chiromyidae Bonaparte, 1850.			Groves (1989:65, 74-78) proposed separating this family to its own infraorder, Chiromyiformes.	
12100098	Daubentonia	É. Geoffroy 1795	GENUS					Daubentonia	Daubentoniidae	Primates	Decad. Philos. Litt. vol.28 p.195	Sciurus madagascariensis Gmelin, 1788.	Aye-aye Lacépède, 1799; Cheiromys G. Cuvier, 1817; Cheyromys É. Geoffroy, 1803; Chiromys Illiger, 1811; Myslemur Anon. [?de Blainville], 1846; Myspithecus de Blainville, 1839; Psilodactylus Oken, 1816 [unavailable]; Scolecophagus É. Geoffroy, 1795.				
12100099	Daubentonia madagascariensis	Gmelin 1788	SPECIES			madagascariensis		Daubentonia	Daubentoniidae	Primates	Syst. Nat., 13th ed. vol.1 p.152		daubentonii (Shaw, 1800); laniger (G. Grandidier, 1930); psilodactylus (Schreber, 1800).	NE and NW Madagascar (discontinuous).	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA and IUCN  Endangered.	Type locality of laniger is "forest of the east"; this seems to be a potentially available name for an eastern subspecies, if recognized. The name D. robusta Lamberton, 1934 was given to subfossil remains; it is not known whether these represent the living aye-aye or a separate, extinct species.	Aye-aye
14100026	Equus hemionus subsp. luteus	Matschie 1911	SUBSPECIES		luteus	hemionus		Equus	Equidae	Perissodactyla							
12100225	Saguinus fuscicollis subsp. nigrifrons	I. Geoffroy 1851	SUBSPECIES		nigrifrons	fuscicollis		Saguinus	Cebidae	Primates							
12100101	Lorisidae	Gray 1821	FAMILY						Lorisidae	Primates	London Med. Repos. vol.15 p.298					The original form of the name was Loridae (see Jenkins [1987:1] and McKenna and Bell [1997], but the more commonly used form Lorisidae was conserved by Opinion 1995 of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (2002a). Goodman et al. (1998) recognized two subfamilies, Lorinae and Perodicticinae, for the Asian and African genera respectively, and included Galagoninae as a third subfamily. McKenna and Bell (1997) included Galagoninae and Lorinae as subfamilies, with Lorini (Arctocebus and Loris) and Nycticebini (Nycticebus and Perodicticus) as tribes; but their tribes are not monophyletic (Groves, 2001c).	
12100102	Arctocebus	Gray 1863	GENUS					Arctocebus	Lorisidae	Primates	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1863 p.150	Perodicticus calabarensis J. A. Smith, 1860.					
12100103	Arctocebus aureus	de Winton 1902	SPECIES			aureus		Arctocebus	Lorisidae	Primates	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.9 p.48		ruficeps  Thomas, 1913.	C Africa, south of Sanaga River, W and N of Congo/Oubangui River system.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Formerly classified as a subspecies of Arctocebus calabarensis, but considered a full species by Maier (1980:567) and Groves (1989:100-101; 2001c).	Calabar Angwantibo
12100104	Arctocebus calabarensis	J. A. Smith 1860	SPECIES			calabarensis		Arctocebus	Lorisidae	Primates	Proc. Roy. Phys. Soc. Edinburgh vol.2 p.177			C Africa, between Niger and Sanaga Rivers.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).		Golden Angwantibo
12100105	Loris	É. Geoffroy 1796	GENUS					Loris	Lorisidae	Primates	Mag. Encyclop. vol.1 p.48	Lemur tardigradus Linnaeus, 1758.	Stenops Illiger, 1811; Tardigradus Boddaert, 1785.				
12100126	Galagidae	Gray 1825	FAMILY						Galagidae	Primates	Ann. Philos., n.s. vol.10 p.338					Formerly considered a subfamily of Lorisidae; see Hill and Meester (1977:2) and Jenkins (1987:85). The correct form of the name is Galagonidae (see Jenkins, 1987:1), but Galagidae was conserved by Opinion 1995 of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (2002a).	
12100517	Chlorocebus tantalus subsp. budgetti	Pocock 1907	SUBSPECIES		budgetti	tantalus		Chlorocebus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100106	Loris lydekkerianus	Cabrera 1908	SPECIES			lydekkerianus		Loris	Lorisidae	Primates	Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., Madrid vol.1908 p.139		grandis  Hill and Phillips, 1932; nordicus Hill, 1933; malabaricus Wroughton, 1917; nycticeboides Hill, 1942.	Dry and hill zones of Sri Lanka; S India.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Endangered as L. tardigradus grandis, L. t. nyctoceboides (sic), and L. t. nordicus, Data Deficient as L. t. lydekkerianus and L. t. malabaricus.	Separated as a species by Groves (2001c); but still more than one species may be concealed under this name.	Gray Slender Loris
12100107	Loris lydekkerianus subsp. lydekkerianus	Cabrera 1908	SUBSPECIES		lydekkerianus	lydekkerianus		Loris	Lorisidae	Primates	Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., Madrid vol.1908 p.139						
12100108	Loris lydekkerianus subsp. grandis	Hill and Phillips 1932	SUBSPECIES		grandis	lydekkerianus		Loris	Lorisidae	Primates							
12100111	Loris tardigradus	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			tardigradus		Loris	Lorisidae	Primates	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.29		ceylonicus Fischer, 1804; gracilis É. Geoffroy, 1796; zeylanicus Lydekker, 1905.	Rainforest zone of SW Sri Lanka.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Endangered as L. t. tardigradus.		Red Slender Loris
12100112	Nycticebus	É. Geoffroy 1812	GENUS					Nycticebus	Lorisidae	Primates	Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.19 p.163	Tardigradus coucang Boddaert, 1785.					
12100113	Nycticebus bengalensis	Lacépède 1800	SPECIES			bengalensis		Nycticebus	Lorisidae	Primates	Tabl. Mamm. Oiseaux p.68		cinereus Milne-Edwards, 1867; incanus Thomas, 1921; tenasserimensis Elliot, 1913.	Assam (India) to Vietnam and S Thailand (Isthmus of Kra); Yunnan, perhaps Kwangsi (China).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient.	Recognized as a full species by Groves (2001c).	Bengal Slow Loris
12100114	Nycticebus coucang	Boddaert 1785	SPECIES			coucang		Nycticebus	Lorisidae	Primates	Elench. Anim. p.67		brachycephalus Sody, 1949; buku Robinson, 1917; hilleri Stone and Rehn, 1902; insularis Robinson, 1917; malaiana Anderson, 1881; natunae Stone and Rehn, 1902; sumatrensis Ludeking, 1867; tardigradus (Raffles, 1821); menagensis Trouessart, 1898; bancanus Lyon, 1906; borneanus Lyon, 1906; philippinus Cabrera, 1908; javanicus É. Geoffroy, 1812; ornatus Thomas, 1921.	Sulu Arch. (S Philippines); Malay Peninsula, Tioman and offshore islands, Sumatra, Bangka, Java, Borneo, Natuna Isl.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN - Data Deficient as N. c. menagensis and N. javanicus, Lower Risk (lc) as N. c. coucang.		Bengal Slow Loris
12100115	Nycticebus coucang subsp. coucang	Boddaert 1785	SUBSPECIES		coucang	coucang		Nycticebus	Lorisidae	Primates	Elench. Anim. p.67						
12100116	Nycticebus coucang subsp. menagensis	Trouessart 1898	SUBSPECIES		menagensis	coucang		Nycticebus	Lorisidae	Primates							
12100117	Nycticebus coucang subsp. javanicus	É. Geoffroy 1812	SUBSPECIES		javanicus	coucang		Nycticebus	Lorisidae	Primates							
12100118	Nycticebus pygmaeus	Bonhote 1907	SPECIES			pygmaeus		Nycticebus	Lorisidae	Primates	Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1907 38 p.2		intermedius  Dao Van Tien, 1960.	Laos; Cambodia; Vietnam, east of Mekong River; S Yunnan (China).	CITES  Appendix II; U.S. ESA  Threatened; IUCN  Vulnerable.	Includes intermedius; see Groves (1971c) and Lekagul and McNeely (1977:270).	Pygmy Slow Loris
12100119	Perodicticus	Bennett 1830 "1831"	GENUS					Perodicticus	Lorisidae	Primates	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1830 p.109	Lemur potto Müller, 1766.	Potto  Lesson, 1840.				
12100226	Saguinus fuscicollis subsp. primitivus	Hershkovitz 1977	SUBSPECIES		primitivus	fuscicollis		Saguinus	Cebidae	Primates							
12100120	Perodicticus potto	Müller 1766	SPECIES			potto		Perodicticus	Lorisidae	Primates	In Linnaeus, Vollstand Natursyst. Suppl. p.12		bosmannii (Lesson, 1840); geoffroyi Bennett, 1831; guineensis (Desmarest, 1820); ju-ju Thomas, 1910; edwardsi Bouvier, 1879; batesi de Winton, 1902; faustus Thomas, 1910; ibeanus Thomas, 1910; arrhenii (Lönnberg, 1917); nebulosus (Lorenz, 1917).	Cameroon to Guinea; Republic of Congo; Gabon; Dem. Rep. Congo to W Kenya.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Potto
12100121	Perodicticus potto subsp. potto	Müller 1766	SUBSPECIES		potto	potto		Perodicticus	Lorisidae	Primates	In Linnaeus, Vollstand Natursyst. Suppl. p.12						
12100122	Perodicticus potto subsp. edwardsi	Bouvier 1879	SUBSPECIES		edwardsi	potto		Perodicticus	Lorisidae	Primates							
12100123	Perodicticus potto subsp. ibeanus	Thomas 1910	SUBSPECIES		ibeanus	potto		Perodicticus	Lorisidae	Primates							
12100124	Pseudopotto	Schwartz 1996	GENUS					Pseudopotto	Lorisidae	Primates	Anthropol. Pap. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.78 p.8	Pseudopotto martini Schwartz, 1996.					
12100125	Pseudopotto martini	Schwartz 1996	SPECIES			martini		Pseudopotto	Lorisidae	Primates	Anthropol. Pap. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.78 p.8			unknown; one specimen is said to be from Cameroon.	CITES  Appendix II.	A controversial taxon, based on only two specimens, both of uncertain provenance. Groves (1998, 2001c) argued that the coalescence of a number of unique features sets it apart from Perodicticus; but Sarmiento (1998) considered that it falls within the range of Perodicticus. McKenna and Bell (1997) recognized the genus, but did not assign it to either of their two subfamilies (Lorinae, Galagoninae).	False Potto
12100127	Euoticus	Gray 1863	GENUS					Euoticus	Galagidae	Primates	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1863 p.140	Otogale pallida Gray, 1863.				Recognized as a genus by Groves (1989:103; 2001c), and by McKenna and Bell (1997).	
12100128	Euoticus elegantulus	Le Conte 1857	SPECIES			elegantulus		Euoticus	Galagidae	Primates	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. vol.9 p.10		apicalis (du Chaillu 1860); tonsor (Dollman, 1910).	Gabon, Republic of Congo, Rio Muni, Cameroon south of Sanaga River.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).		Southern Needle-clawed Bushbaby
12100159	Otolemur garnettii subsp. panganiensis	Matschie 1905	SUBSPECIES		panganiensis	garnettii		Otolemur	Galagidae	Primates							
12100129	Euoticus pallidus	Gray 1863	SPECIES			pallidus		Euoticus	Galagidae	Primates	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1863 p.140		talboti  Dollman, 1910.	Bioko (Equatorial Guinea); Korup and Cross River region, on both sides of Nigeria-Cameroon border.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Endangered as E. p. pallidus, otherwise Lower Risk (nt).	Accepted as a species by Groves (1989:104; 2001c).	Northern Needle-clawed Bushbaby
12100130	Euoticus pallidus subsp. pallidus	Gray 1863	SUBSPECIES		pallidus	pallidus		Euoticus	Galagidae	Primates	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1863 p.140						
12100131	Euoticus pallidus subsp. talboti	Dollman 1910	SUBSPECIES		talboti	pallidus		Euoticus	Galagidae	Primates							
12100132	Galago	É. Geoffroy 1796	GENUS					Galago	Galagidae	Primates	Mag. Encyclop. vol.1 p.49	Galago senegalensis É. Geoffroy, 1796.	Chirosciurus Grevais, 1836; Galagoides A. Smith, 1833; Hemigalago Dahlbom, 1857; Macropus Fischer, 1811 [not of Shaw, 1790]; Otolicnus Illiger, 1811; Sciurocheirus Gray, 1872.			McKenna and Bell (1997) included Otolemur as a synonym. Groves (2001c) accepted the following species groups: (1) C. senegalensis group (senagalensis, moholi, gallarum), (2) G. matschiei group (monotypic), (3) G. alleni group (alleni, cameronensis, gabonensis), (4) G. zanzibaricus group (zanzibaricus, granti, nyasae), (5) G. orinus group (orinus, rondoensis), and (6) G. demidoff group (demidoff, thomasi). DelPero et al. (2000) suggested that the G. alleni group should be reallocated to Otolemur.	
12100133	Galago alleni	Waterhouse 1837 "1838"	SPECIES			alleni		Galago	Galagidae	Primates	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1837 p.87			Bioko (Equatorial Guinea).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Endangered as G. a. alleni.	G. alleni species group. Divided into three species by Groves (2001c), so does not include cameronensis, gabonensis.	Bioko Allens Bushbaby
12100134	Galago cameronensis	Peters 1876	SPECIES			cameronensis		Galago	Galagidae	Primates	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1876 p.472			Cameroon northwest of the lower Sanaga River; SE Nigeria.	CITES  Appendix II.	G. alleni species group. Separated from G. alleni by Groves (2001c).	Cross River Bushbaby
14100056	Dicerorhinus sumatrensis subsp. harrissoni	Groves 1965	SUBSPECIES		harrissoni	sumatrensis		Dicerorhinus	Rhinocerotidae	Perissodactyla							
12100167	Tarsius bancanus	Horsfield 1821	SPECIES			bancanus		Tarsius	Tarsiidae	Primates	Zool. Res. Java vol.2 p.pl		borneanus  Elliot, 1910; natunensis Chasen, 1940; saltator Elliot, 1910.	Indonesia: Bangka Isl, Sumatra, Karimata Isl, Billiton Isl, and Sirhassen Isl (South Natuna Isls); Borneo.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient as T. b. borneanus, T. b. natunensis, and T. b. saltator, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).		Horsfields Tarsier
12100135	Galago demidoff	G. Fischer 1806	SPECIES			demidoff		Galago	Galagidae	Primates	Mem. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscow vol.1 p.24		anomurus de Pousargues, 1893; demidovii Fischer, 1808; medius (Thomas, 1915); murinus Murray, 1859; peli (Temminck, 1853); phasma (Cabrera and Ruxton, 1926); poensis Thomas, 1904; pusillus (Peters, 1876).	Senegal to E Dem. Rep. Congo; Bioko (Equatorial Guinea).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	G. demidoff species group. Bearder et al. (1995) placed this group in genus Galagoides, but Groves (2001c) and Delpero et al. (2000) considered this premature, as it is unclear how species should be assorted between Galagoides and Galago. Nash et al. (1989) recognized G. thomasi, Elliot, 1907, as a full species, partially sympatric with demidoff; followed by Groves (2001c), who considered that a number of other species would eventually be recognized in addition. For use of demidoff in place of demidovii, see Jenkins (1987:98).	Prince Demidoffs Bushbaby
12100136	Galago gabonensis	Gray 1863	SPECIES			gabonensis		Galago	Galagidae	Primates	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1863 p.146		batesi Elliot, 1907.	Gabon, Cameroon south of the Sanaga River, Rio Muni, Republic of Congo.	CITES  Appendix II.	G. alleni species group. Separated from G. alleni by Groves (2001c).	Gabon Bushbaby
12100137	Galago gallarum	Thomas 1901	SPECIES			gallarum		Galago	Galagidae	Primates	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.8 p.27			Between Tana River (Kenya) and Webi Shebele River (Somalia), to Lake Turkana and Ethiopian rift lakes.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	G. senegalensis species group. Recognized as a species by Nash et al. (1989) and by Groves (1989, 2001c).	Somali Bushbaby
12100138	Galago granti	Thomas and Wroughton 1907	SPECIES			granti		Galago	Galagidae	Primates	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1907 p.286		mertensi  Frade, 1924.	Mozambique north to Ulugurus in S Tanzania.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient.	G. zanzibaricus species group. Recognized as a species by Groves (2001c).	Grants Bushbaby
12100139	Galago matschiei	Lorenz 1917	SPECIES			matschiei		Galago	Galagidae	Primates	Ann. K. K. Naturhist. Hofmus, Wien vol.31 p.237		inustus  Schwarz, 1931.	E Dem. Rep. Congo; perhaps Uganda.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	G. matschiei species group. Placed in Euoticus by Petter and Petter-Rousseaux (1979). This name predates the more commonly used inustus (Groves, 1989:102; Nash et al., 1989:69-70).	Dusky Bushbaby
12100140	Galago moholi	A. Smith 1834 "1836"	SPECIES			moholi		Galago	Galagidae	Primates	Rept. Exped. Exploring Central Africa vol.1834 p.42		australis (Wagner, 1855); bradfieldi Roberts, 1931; conspicillatus I. Geoffroy, 1851; intontoi Monard, 1931; mossambicus (Peters, 1876), tumbolensis Monard, 1931.	KwaZulu-Natal and N Namibia north to Lake Victoria.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	G. senegalensis species group. Separated from senegalensis by Jenkins (1987), Nash et al. (1989), and Groves (1989).	Moholi Bushbaby
12100141	Galago nyasae	Elliot 1907	SPECIES			nyasae		Galago	Galagidae	Primates	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.20 p.188			S Malawi and neighbouring region of Mozambique.	CITES  Appendix II.	G. zanzibaricus species group. An undescribed taxon occurs on Mt. Cholo, Malawi; vocalizations of the "Kalwe small" galago (Bearder et al., 1995) may pertain to either of these (Groves, 2001c:113).	Malawi Bushbaby
12100142	Galago orinus	Lawrence and Washburn 1936	SPECIES			orinus		Galago	Galagidae	Primates	Occas. Pap. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. vol.8 p.259			High elevations in Uluguru and probably Usambara Mtns.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient.	G. orinus species group. Bearder et al. (1995) place this group in genus Galagoides, but Groves (2001c) and Delpero et al. (2000) considered this premature, as it is unclear how species should be assorted between Galagoides and Galago. Separated from G. demidoff by Bearder et al. (1995), and accepted as a distinct species by Groves (2001c).	Uluguru Bushbaby
12100143	Galago rondoensis	Honess 1997	SPECIES			rondoensis		Galago	Galagidae	Primates	In Kingdon, Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals p.106			Rondo, Litipo, Ziwani and Pugu Forests, SE Tanzania.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Endangered.	G. zanzibaricus species group. Recognised as a species by Groves (2001c). More fully described by Honess and Bearder (1996 [1997]).	Rondo Bushbaby
14200003	Suinae	Gray 1821	SUBFAMILY						Suidae	Artiodactyla	London Med. Repos. vol.15 p.306						
12100144	Galago senegalensis	É. Geoffroy 1796	SPECIES			senegalensis		Galago	Galagidae	Primates	Mag. Encyclop. vol.1 p.38		acaciarum Lesson, 1840; albipes Dollman, 1909; calago (Shaw, 1800); camerounensis Monard, 1951; galago (G. Cuvier, 1798); geoffroyi Fischer, 1806; pupulus Elliot, 1910; sennariensis Gray, 1863; teng (Sundevall, 1843); braccatus Elliot, 1907; dunni Dollman, 1910; sotikae Hollister, 1920.	Senegal to Somalia, south to the Mwanza and Ankole districts on Lake Victoria.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	G. senegalensis species group. Hill and Meester (1977:2) included granti in this species; but see Smithers and Wilson (1979).	Senegal Bushbaby
12100145	Galago senegalensis subsp. senegalensis	É. Geoffroy 1796	SUBSPECIES		senegalensis	senegalensis		Galago	Galagidae	Primates	Mag. Encyclop. vol.1 p.38						
12100146	Galago senegalensis subsp. braccatus	Elliot 1907	SUBSPECIES		braccatus	senegalensis		Galago	Galagidae	Primates							
12100147	Galago senegalensis subsp. dunni	Dollman 1910	SUBSPECIES		dunni	senegalensis		Galago	Galagidae	Primates							
12100148	Galago senegalensis subsp. sotikae	Hollister 1920	SUBSPECIES		sotikae	senegalensis		Galago	Galagidae	Primates							
12100149	Galago thomasi	Elliot 1907	SPECIES			thomasi		Galago	Galagidae	Primates	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.20 p.189			W Uganda and Kivu district of Dem. Rep. Congo.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	G. demidoff species group. Nash et al. (1989) recognized G. thomasi as a full species, partially sympatric with demidoff; followed by Groves (2001c). Known only from specimens from W Uganda and Kivu district of Dem. Rep. Congo (including Idjwi Isl), but vocalizations ascribed to this species are recorded from all over the same range as G. demidoff.	Thomass Bushbaby
12100150	Galago zanzibaricus	Matschie 1893	SPECIES			zanzibaricus		Galago	Galagidae	Primates	Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin p.111		cocos  Heller, 1912; udzungwensis Honess, 1997.	E African coast from Tana River, south to S Mozambique; Zanzibar.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	G. zanzibaricus species group. Separated from senegalensis by Kingdon (1971:309), Groves (1974b:463, 1989:103, 2001c), Jenkins (1987:118), and Nash et al. (1989). Bearder et al. (1995) placed this group in genus Galagoides, but Groves (2001c) considered this premature, as it is unclear how species should be assorted between Galagoides and Galago. For allocation of udzungwensis to this species, see Groves (2001c:116).	Zanzibar Bushbaby
12100151	Otolemur	Coquerel 1859	GENUS					Otolemur	Galagidae	Primates	Rev. Zool. Paris vol.11 p.458	Otolemur agyisymbanus Coquerel, 1859 (= Otolicnus garnetti Ogilby, 1838).	Callotus Gray, 1863; Otogale Gray, 1863.			Included in Galago by McKenna and Bell (1997), but recognized as a full genus by Groves (1974b:461-463, 1989) and Jenkins (1987:122). May include the Galago alleni species group (DelPero et al., 2000).	
12100518	Chlorocebus tantalus subsp. marrensis	Thomas and Hinton 1923	SUBSPECIES		marrensis	tantalus		Chlorocebus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100152	Otolemur crassicaudatus	É. Geoffroy 1812	SPECIES			crassicaudatus		Otolemur	Galagidae	Primates	Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.19 p.166		zuluensis  (Elliot, 1907); kirkii (Gray, 1865); badius Matschie, 1905; lonnbergi (Schwarz, 1930); umbrosus (Thomas, 1917).	Kenya, Tanzania and Rwanda to KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa) and Angola.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Brown Greater Galago
12100153	Otolemur crassicaudatus subsp. crassicaudatus	É. Geoffroy 1812	SUBSPECIES		crassicaudatus	crassicaudatus		Otolemur	Galagidae	Primates	Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.19 p.166						
12100154	Otolemur crassicaudatus subsp. kirkii	Gray 1865	SUBSPECIES		kirkii	crassicaudatus		Otolemur	Galagidae	Primates							
12100155	Otolemur garnettii	Ogilby 1838	SPECIES			garnettii		Otolemur	Galagidae	Primates	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1838 p.6		agyisymbanus Coquerel, 1859; lasiotis (Peters, 1876); hindei (Elliot, 1907); hindsi Elliot, 1913 [lapsus]; kikuyuensis (Lönnberg, 1912); panganiensis Matschie, 1905.	S Somalia to SE Tanzania (including Zanzibar, Pemba and Mafia Isls) and perhaps N Mozambique.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Olson (1979, in litt.[Unpubl. Ph.D. Dissertation, Univ. London]) was the first to treat garnettii as a distinct species. It is partly sympatric with both O. crassicaudatus and O. monteiri.	Northern Greater Galago
12100156	Otolemur garnettii subsp. garnettii	Ogilby 1838	SUBSPECIES		garnettii	garnettii		Otolemur	Galagidae	Primates	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1838 p.6						
12100160	Otolemur monteiri	Bartlett 1863	SPECIES			monteiri		Otolemur	Galagidae	Primates	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1863 p.145		argentatus  (Lönnberg, 1913); lestradei (Schouteden, 1953).	Brachystegiawoodland, from Angola to Tanzania to W Kenya and Rwanda.	CITES  Appendix II.	Separated from crassicaudatus by Groves (2001c), with some misgivings. The zone of intermediacy with O. crassicaudatus is very wide, extending through S Malawi, N Mozambique, and part of Zimbabwe. Kingdon (1997) recognized Otolemur argentatus from the Lake Victoria region, while retaining southerly examples (here Otolemur m. monteiri) in O. crassicaudatus.	Silvery Greater Galago
12100161	Otolemur monteiri subsp. monteiri	Bartlett 1863	SUBSPECIES		monteiri	monteiri		Otolemur	Galagidae	Primates	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1863 p.145						
12100162	Otolemur monteiri subsp. argentatus	Lönnberg 1913	SUBSPECIES		argentatus	monteiri		Otolemur	Galagidae	Primates							
12100163	HAPLORRHINI	Pocock 1918	SUBORDER							Primates						Recognised as an infraorder by McKenna and Bell (1997; see comments above, under Strepsirrhini); Tarsiiformes and Anthropoidea were regarded as Parvorders.	
12100164	TARSIIFORMES	Gregory 1915	INFRAORDER							Primates						Almost invariably placed in a group with Simiiformes (=Anthropoidea), but according to Murphy et al. (2001c), may be closer to Strepsirrhini.	
12100165	Tarsiidae	Gray 1825	FAMILY						Tarsiidae	Primates	Ann. Philos., n.s. vol.10 p.338						
12100166	Tarsius	Storr 1780	GENUS					Tarsius	Tarsiidae	Primates	Prodr. Meth. Mamm. p.33	Lemur tarsier Erxleben, 1777.	Cephalopachus Swainson, 1835; Hypsicebus Lesson, 1840; Macrotarsus Link, 1795; Rabienus Gray, 1821.			This genus, according to Goodman et al. (2001c) and to work in progress by C. P. Groves and M. Shekelle, should probably be split into two or three separate genera (for Sulawesi, Philippine, and Western groups).	
12100168	Tarsius bancanus subsp. bancanus	Horsfield 1821	SUBSPECIES		bancanus	bancanus		Tarsius	Tarsiidae	Primates	Zool. Res. Java vol.2 p.pl						
12100169	Tarsius bancanus subsp. borneanus	Elliot 1910	SUBSPECIES		borneanus	bancanus		Tarsius	Tarsiidae	Primates							
12100171	Tarsius dentatus	Miller and Hollister 1921	SPECIES			dentatus		Tarsius	Tarsiidae	Primates	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.34 p.103		dianae Niemitz, Nietsch, Water, and Rumpler, 1991.	C Sulawesi (Indonesia).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (conservation dependent) as T. dianae. Status unknown.	Shekelle and Groves (in prep.) could find no difference between specimens from the type localities of dentatus (Labua Sore) and dianae (Kamarora) in either morphology or vocalizations; the two localities are very close.	Dians Tarsier
12100172	Tarsius pelengensis	Sody 1949	SPECIES			pelengensis		Tarsius	Tarsiidae	Primates	Treubia vol.20 p.143			Peleng Isl (Indonesia).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient.	Recognized as a species by Groves (2001c).	Peleng Tarsier
12100173	Tarsius pumilus	Miller and Hollister 1921	SPECIES			pumilus		Tarsius	Tarsiidae	Primates	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.34 p.103			Known only from type locality and Latimojong Mtns, C Sulawesi (Indonesia).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient.	Separated from T. tarsier (T. spectrum) by Musser and Dagosto (1987); recognized as a full species by Groves (1989, 2001c) and others.	Pygmy Tarsier
12100174	Tarsius sangirensis	Meyer 1897	SPECIES			sangirensis		Tarsius	Tarsiidae	Primates	Abh. Zool. Anthrop.-Ethnology. Mus. Dresden vol.6 6 p.9			Restricted to Pulau (=Isl) Sangihe Besar (Indonesia).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient.	Recognised as a species by Feiler (1990:85) and Groves (2001c).	Sangihe Tarsier
12100532	Macaca assamensis subsp. pelops	Hodgson 1840	SUBSPECIES		pelops	assamensis		Macaca	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100175	Tarsius syrichta	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			syrichta		Tarsius	Tarsiidae	Primates	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.29		carbonarius Heude, 1898; fraterculus Miller, 1911; philippinensis Meyer, 1894.	Mindanao, Bohol Isl, Samar Isl, Leyte Isl (Philippines).	CITES  Appendix II; U.S. ESA  Threatened; IUCN  Data Deficient.		Philippine Tarsier
12100187	Callithrix acariensis	M. van Roosmalen, T. van Roosmalen, Mittermeier and Rylands 2000	SPECIES			acariensis	Mico	Callithrix	Cebidae	Primates	Neotropical Primates vol.8 1 p.7			Presumed to be the entire interfluvium of the Rios Acari and Sucunduri (Brazil).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Least Concern as Mico acariensis.	Subgenus Mico.	Rio Acari Marmoset
12100200	Callithrix manicorensis	M. van Roosmalen, T. van Roosmalen, Mittermeier and Rylands 2000	SPECIES			manicorensis	Mico	Callithrix	Cebidae	Primates	Neotropical Primates vol.8 1 p.3			The interfluvium of the Rios Aripuanã and Manicoré, from the Rio Madeira south to the Rio Roosevelt (Brazil).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Least Concern as Mico manicorensis.	Subgenus Mico.	Manicore Marmoset
12100176	Tarsius tarsier	Erxleben 1777	SPECIES			tarsier		Tarsius	Tarsiidae	Primates	Syst. Regni Anim., I. Mammalia p.71		buffonii (Link, 1795); daubentonii Fischer, 1804; fischerii Desmarest, 1804; fuscomanus Fischer, 1804; fuscus Fischer, 1804; macrotarsos Schreber, 1778; pallassii É. Geoffroy, 1796; podje (Kerr, 1792); spectrum (Pallas, 1778).	Sulawesi lowlands and Selayar Isl (Indonesia).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (nt) as T. spectrum.	The description and plate of Buffons (1849) "Tarsier or Woolly Jerboa" clearly indicates a Sulawesi tarsier; the name therefore takes precedence over spectrum Pallas; it is not a nomen oblitum because it was used by Chasen (1940). Niemitz et al. (1991) implied that this species, which they called T. spectrum, may be restricted to N Sulawesi; but the N Sulawesi tarsier may not be conspecific with that from Makassar. There are probably a number of undescribed species, sharply distinguished by their vocalizations (Shekelle et al., 1998) and by morphological features (Groves, in prep.), in different regions of Sulawesi, and the Selayar tarsier is also distinct.	Spectral Tarsier
12100177	SIMIIFORMES	Haeckel 1866	INFRAORDER							Primates						Usually called Anthropoidea; for the potential confusion surrounding this name, and why it is best avoided, see Hoffstetter (1982). McKenna and Bell (1997) divided living members into two superfamilies, Callitrichoidea and Cercopithecoidea (including what are usually separated as Hominoidea), corresponding to parvorders Platyrrhini and Catarrhini recognized herein (where Platyrrhini includes New World taxa in families Cebidae, Aotidae, Pitheciidae, and Atelidae; and Catarrhini includes Old World taxa in Superfamiliy Cercopithecoidea [including Family Cercopithecidae] and Superfamily Hominoidea [families Hylobatidae and Hominidae]). Goodman et al. (1998) also regarded the catarrhines as over-split.	
12100178	Cebidae	Gray 1831	FAMILY						Cebidae	Primates	Saggio Dist. Metod. Anim. Vert. p.6					Groves (1993) divided Platyrrhini into two families, Callitrichidae and Cebidae, the traditional approach (see for example Martin, 1990; see also McKenna and Bell (1997), who used the earlier name Atelidae instead of Cebidae). But the evidence (reviewed by Groves, 2001c) is that the family Cebidae, in this traditional sense, is paraphyletic, and Nyctipithecidae, Pitheciidae and Atelidae must be extracted from it, while the marmoset group (here called Callitrichinae) is closer to the core Cebidae and should be united with them.	
12100179	Callitrichinae	Gray 1821	SUBFAMILY						Cebidae	Primates	London Med. Repos. vol.15 p.298		Callithricidae Thomas, 1903; Callitrichidae Napier and Napier, 1967; Hapalidae Wagner, 1840.			Retained as a full family by McKenna and Bell (1997) and Rylands et al. (2000). Goodman et al. (1998) divided the subfamily into subtribes Saguinina, Leontopithecina, Callimiconina and Callitrichina. Groves (2001c:126-7) argued that the correct name for the family/subfamily is Hapalidae/Hapalinae, but this was discussed by Brandon-Jones and Groves (2002), who found that the argument was insecure and re-established Callitrichidae.	
12100180	Callimico	Miranda-Ribeiro 1912	GENUS					Callimico	Cebidae	Primates	Brasil. Rundsch. p.21	Callimico snethlageri Miranda-Ribeiro, 1912 (= Hapale goeldii Thomas, 1904).				Placed in a separate family, Callimiconidae, by Hershkovitz (1977), but recognized as a member of the Callitrichidae (=Hapalidae) by Pocock (1920a), Napier (1976), and Groves (1989); McKenna and Bell (1997) placed it in a separate subfamily, Callimiconinae, of their family Callitrichidae.	
12100181	Callimico goeldii	Thomas 1904	SPECIES			goeldii		Callimico	Cebidae	Primates	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.14 p.189		snethlageri  Miranda-Ribeiro, 1912.	W Brazil, N Bolivia, E Peru, Colombia: Upper Amazon Rainforests.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Near Threatened.		Goeldis Marmoset
12100194	Callithrix humeralifera	É. Geoffroy 1812	SPECIES			humeralifera	Mico	Callithrix	Cebidae	Primates	Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.19 p.120		santaremensis Matschie, 1893.	Brazil, south of the Amazon between the Maues-Açu and Tapajós Rivers.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Least Concern as Mico humeralifer.	Subgenus Mico. Hershkovitz (1977:595-598), who called this species C. humeralifer, included intermedia and chrysoleuca in it; intermedia was transfered to C. argentata by Ávila-Pires (1985). Coimbra-Filho (1990), who pointed out that the correct name for this species is humeralifera, listed chrysoleuca and intermedia as distinct species.	Santarem Marmoset
12100789	Gorilla beringei subsp. beringei	Matschie 1903	SUBSPECIES		beringei	beringei		Gorilla	Hominidae	Primates	Sber. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berlin p.257						
12100182	Callithrix	Erxleben 1777	GENUS					Callithrix	Cebidae	Primates	Syst. Regni Anim. p.55	Simia jacchus Linnaeus, 1758.	Listed for the four subgenera separately, because they are ranked as full genera by some: (1) Subgenus Callithrix  Erxleben, 1777: Anthopithecus F. Cuvier, 1829; Arctopithecus G. Cuvier, 1819; Hapale Illiger, 1811; Hapales F. Cuvier, 1829; Harpale Gray, 1821; Iacchus Spix, 1823; Jacchus É. Geoffroy, 1812; Midas É. Geoffroy, 1828 [not of Latreille, 1796]; Ouistitis Burnett, 1826; Sagoin Desmarest, 1804; Sagoinus Kerr, 1792; Sagouin Lacépède, 1799; Saguin Fischer, 1803. (2) Subgenus Mico Lesson, 1840: Liocephalus Wagner, 1840; Micoella Gray, 1870. (3) Subgenus Cebuella Gray, 1866: no synonyms. (4) Subgenus Calibella van Roosmalen and van Roosmalen, 2003: no synonyms.			Includes Mico (see Cabrera, 1958:185), Cebuella (see Groves, 1989:110-115), and Callithrix as subgenera, which Rylands et al. (2000) regarded as full genera. McKenna and Bell (1997) recognized Cebuella as a separate genus, but it forms a clade with Mico (Groves, 2001c). The fourth subgenus, Calibella, was described by van Roosmalen and van Roosmalen (2003) as a full genus.	
12100183	Callithrix	Erxleben 1777	SUBGENUS				Callithrix	Callithrix	Cebidae	Primates	Syst. Regni Anim. p.55	Simia jacchus Linnaeus, 1758.					
12100185	Cebuella	Gray 1866	SUBGENUS				Cebuella	Callithrix	Cebidae	Primates							
12100186	Calibella	van Roosmalen and van Roosmalen 2003	SUBGENUS				Calibella	Callithrix	Cebidae	Primates							
12100199	Callithrix leucippe	Thomas 1922	SPECIES			leucippe	Mico	Callithrix	Cebidae	Primates	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.9 p.199			The interfluvium of the Rios Tapajos and Cupari (Brazil).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient as Mico leucippe.	Subgenus Mico. Separated from C. argentata de Vivo (1991).	White Marmoset
12100188	Callithrix argentata	Linnaeus 1771	SPECIES			argentata	Mico	Callithrix	Cebidae	Primates	Mantissa Plantarum vol.2 Appendix p.521			N and C Brazil, E Bolivia.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Least Concern as Mico argentata.	Subgenus Mico. Includes emiliae, melanura and leucippe according to Hershkovitz (1977:436), and intermedius (Ávila-Pires, 1985). De Vivo (1985) recognized emiliae (Thomas, 1920) as a full species; Coimbra-Filho (1990) recognized emiliae and intermedius as distinct species; Groves (2001c) recognized all these and others, subsequently described, as distinct species.	Silvery Marmoset
12100189	Callithrix aurita	É. Geoffroy 1812	SPECIES			aurita	Callithrix	Callithrix	Cebidae	Primates	Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.19 p.119		chrysopyga (Burmeister, 1854); coelestis (Miranda Ribeiro, 1924); itatiayae Avila-Pires, 1959; petronius (Miranda Ribeiro, 1924).	SE Brazilian coast.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA and IUCN  Endangered.	Subgenus Callithrix. Accepted as a species by Mittermeier et al. (1988) and Groves (1989).	Buffy-tufted Marmoset
12100190	Callithrix chrysoleuca	Wagner 1842	SPECIES			chrysoleuca	Mico	Callithrix	Cebidae	Primates	Arch. Naturg. vol.8 1<sup>st</sup> part p.357		melanoleucus (Miranda Ribeiro, 1955); sericeus (Gray, 1868).	Between the Aripuanã-Madeira and Canuma-Uraria, south to about 8°S, north to the Amazon (Brazil).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient as Mico chrysoleucus.	Subgenus Mico. Recognized as a full species by Coimbra-Filho (1990).	Gold-and-white Marmoset
12100191	Callithrix emiliae	Thomas 1920	SPECIES			emiliae	Mico	Callithrix	Cebidae	Primates	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.6 p.209			The interfluvium of the Rios Tapajos and Iriri, north to Maica, on the lower Tapajos, where perhaps sympatric with C. argentata (Brazil).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Least Concern as Mico emiliae.	Subgenus Mico. A different species, so far undescribed, from between the Rios Ji-Parana and Beni, in Rondonia, has been referred to as C. emiliae but is likely to be distinct (Rylands et al., 1993). Recognized as a full species by De Vivo (1985) and Coimbra-Filho (1990).	Emilias Marmoset
12100192	Callithrix flaviceps	Thomas 1903	SPECIES			flaviceps	Callithrix	Callithrix	Cebidae	Primates	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.12 p.240		flavescente  Miranda Ribeiro, 1924.	S Espírito Santo (Brazil).	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA and IUCN  Endangered.	Subgenus Callithrix. Accepted as a species by Mittermeier et al. (1988) and Groves (1989). Regarded as a subspecies of aurita by Coimbra-Filho (1990).	Buffy-headed Marmoset
12100227	Saguinus fuscicollis subsp. weddelli	Deville 1849	SUBSPECIES		weddelli	fuscicollis		Saguinus	Cebidae	Primates							
12100193	Callithrix geoffroyi	Humboldt 1812	SPECIES			geoffroyi	Callithrix	Callithrix	Cebidae	Primates	Rec. Obs. Zool. Anat. Comp. p.360		albifrons (Thunberg, 1819); leucocephalus (Humboldt, 1812); leucogenys (Gray, 1870) [nomen nudum]; maximiliani (Reichenbach, 1862); melanotis (Lesson, 1840) [part].	EC Brazil (coast of Bahia).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Vulnerable.	Subgenus Callithrix. Accepted as a species by Mittermeier et al. (1988) and Groves (1989).	White-headed Marmoset
12100195	Callithrix humilis	M. van Roosmalen, T. van Roosmalen, Mittermeier and de Fonseca 1998	SPECIES			humilis	Calibella	Callithrix	Cebidae	Primates	Goeldiana Zoologia vol.22 p.8			Between the Rios Aripuanã and Madeira, to about 6°S (Brazil).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Least Concern as Mico humilis.	Subgenus Calibella.	Roosmalens Dwarf Marmoset
12100196	Callithrix intermedia	Hershkovitz 1977	SPECIES			intermedia	Mico	Callithrix	Cebidae	Primates	Living New World Monkeys p.1020			Interfluvium of the Rios Aripuanã and Roosevelt (Brazil).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Least Concern as Mico intermedius.	Subgenus Mico. Recognized as a full species by de Vivo (1991).	Hershkovitzs Marmoset
12100197	Callithrix jacchus	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			jacchus	Callithrix	Callithrix	Cebidae	Primates	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.27		albicollis Spix, 1823; communis (South, 1845); hapale (Gray, 1870); leucotis (Lesson, 1840); moschatus (Kerr, 1792); rufus Fischer, 1829; vulgaris Humboldt, 1812.	Brazilian coast: Piauí, Ceará, and Pernambuco Provinces.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Least Concern.	Subgenus Callithrix. Includes aurita, flaviceps, geoffroyi, and penicillata according to Hershkovitz (1977:489-527), but refuted by Mittermeier et al. (1988) who recognized all of these species.	Common Marmoset
12100198	Callithrix kuhlii	Coimbra-Filho 1985	SPECIES			kuhlii	Callithrix	Callithrix	Cebidae	Primates	Fundaçao Brasileira Conservaçao Natu. Bol. Inform. vol.9 p.5			Between Rio de Contas and Rio Jequitinhonha, SW Brazil.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Least Concern.	Subgenus Callithrix. Accepted as a species by Mittermeier et al. (1988) and Groves (1989), but ascribed by these authors to Wied-Neuwied, 1826, who in fact was not describing a new taxon; the earliest available reference to the species is as above (see Groves, 2001c).	Wieds Marmoset
12100201	Callithrix marcai	Alperin 1993	SPECIES			marcai	Mico	Callithrix	Cebidae	Primates	Bol. Mus. Para. Emilio Goeldi, ser. Zool. vol.9 2 p.325			Known only from region of type locality.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient as Mico marcai.	Subgenus Mico.	Marcas Marmoset
12100202	Callithrix mauesi	Mittermeier, M. Schwarz and Ayres 1992	SPECIES			mauesi	Mico	Callithrix	Cebidae	Primates	Goeldiana Zoologia vol.14 p.6			Interfluvium of the Rios Uraria-Abacaxis and Maues-Açu (Brazil).	CITES  Appendix I; IUCN  Least Concern as Mico mauesi.	Subgenus Mico.	Maués Marmoset
12100203	Callithrix melanura	É. Geoffroy 1812	SPECIES			melanura	Mico	Callithrix	Cebidae	Primates	Rec. Observ. Zool. vol.1 p.361		leucomerus  (Gray, 1846); leukeurin (Natterer in Pelzeln, 1883).	S Brazil, between the Rios Aripuanã and Juruena, southwest to the Rio Beni in Bolivia.	CITES  Appendix II.	Subgenus Mico. Separated from C. argentata by de Vivo (1991).	Black-tailed Marmoset
12100204	Callithrix nigriceps	Ferrari and Lopes 1992	SPECIES			nigriceps	Mico	Callithrix	Cebidae	Primates	Goeldiana Zoologia vol.12 p.4			Interfluvium of the Rios Marmelos and Madeira, north of the Ji-Paranã River (Brazil).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient as Mico nigriceps.	Subgenus Mico.	Black-headed Marmoset
12100205	Callithrix penicillata	É. Geoffroy 1812	SPECIES			penicillata	Callithrix	Callithrix	Cebidae	Primates	Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.19 p.119		jordani Thomas, 1904; melanotis (Lesson, 1840) [part]; trigonifer Reichenbach, 1862.	Brazilian coast: Bahia to São Paulo, inland to Goiás.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Least Concern.	Subgenus Callithrix. Accepted as a species by Mittermeier et al. (1988) and Groves (1989, 2001c).	Black-tufted Marmoset
12100206	Callithrix pygmaea	Spix 1823	SPECIES			pygmaea	Cebuella	Callithrix	Cebidae	Primates	Sim. Vespert. Brasil. p.32		nigra (Schinz, 1844); leoninus (Bates, 1864); niveiventris (Lönnberg, 1940).	N and W Brazil, N Peru, Ecuador.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Least Concern as Cebuella pygmaea.	Subgenus Cebuella (recognized by McKenna and Bell (1997) as a full genus; but it is not the most divergent clade of marmosets). Revised by Hershkovitz (1977:462-464), placed in Callithrix by Groves (1989, 2001c). Reviewed by Townsend (2001).	Pygmy Marmoset
12100209	Callithrix saterei	Silva and Noronha 1998	SPECIES			saterei	Mico	Callithrix	Cebidae	Primates	Goeldiana Zoologia vol.21 p.6			Presumed to be the interfluvium of the Rios Abacaxis and Canumã-Sucunduri (Brazil).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient as Mico saterei.	Subgenus Mico.	Satéré Marmoset
12100210	Leontopithecus	Lesson 1844 "1840"	GENUS					Leontopithecus	Cebidae	Primates	Spec. Mamm. Bim. Quadrum. vol.1844 p.184, 200	Leontopithecus marikina Lesson, 1840 (= Simia rosalia Linnaeus, 1766).	Leontideus Cabrera, 1956; Leontocebus Elliot, 1913.			For synonyms see Hershkovitz (1977:807-808).	
12100211	Leontopithecus caissara	Lorini and Persson 1990	SPECIES			caissara		Leontopithecus	Cebidae	Primates	Bol. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, n.s. vol.338 p.2			Superagui Isl and a small region on the opposite mainland (Brazil).	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Considered a subspecies of chrysopygus by Coimbra-Filho (1990).	Superagui Lion Tamarin
12100212	Leontopithecus chrysomelas	Kuhl 1820	SPECIES			chrysomelas		Leontopithecus	Cebidae	Primates	Beitr. Zool. Vergl. Aust. p.51		chrysurus (I. Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 1827).	Brazil, coastal Bahia.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA and IUCN  Endangered.	Recognized as a full species by Rosenberger and Coimbra-Filho (1984).	Golden-headed Lion Tamarin
12100232	Saguinus imperator subsp. subgrisescens	Lönnberg 1940	SUBSPECIES		subgrisescens	imperator		Saguinus	Cebidae	Primates							
12100213	Leontopithecus chrysopygus	Mikan 1823	SPECIES			chrysopygus		Leontopithecus	Cebidae	Primates	Delectus florae et faunae Brasiliensis, Vienna vol.3 p.plate		ater  (Lesson, 1840).	Brazil, São Paulo region.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Recognized as a full species by Rosenberger and Coimbra-Filho (1984).	Black Lion Tamarin
12100214	Leontopithecus rosalia	Linnaeus 1766	SPECIES			rosalia		Leontopithecus	Cebidae	Primates	Syst. Nat., 12th ed. vol.1 p.41		aurora Elliot, 1913; brasiliensis (Fischer, 1829); guyannensis (Fischer, 1829); leoninus (Pocock, 1914); marikina Lesson, 1840.	SE Brazil: Rio Doce (Espírito Santo) south into Rio de Janeiro and Guanabara.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA and IUCN  Endangered.	See Kleiman (1981, Mammalian Species, 148).	Golden Lion Tamarin
12100233	Saguinus inustus	Schwartz 1951	SPECIES			inustus		Saguinus	Cebidae	Primates	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.1508 p.1			NW Brazil, SW Colombia.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Least Concern.	S. inustus species group.	Mottle-faced Tamarin
12100269	Cebus apella subsp. tocantinus	Lönnberg 1939	SUBSPECIES		tocantinus	apella		Cebus	Cebidae	Primates							
12100215	Saguinus	Hoffmannsegg 1807	GENUS					Saguinus	Cebidae	Primates	Mag. Ges. Naturf. Fr. vol.1 p.101	Saguinus ursula Hoffmannsegg, 1807 (= Simia midas Linnaeus, 1758).	Hapanella Gray, 1870; Leontocebus Wagner, 1840; Marikina Lesson, 1840; Midas E. Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 1812; Mystax Gray, 1870; Oedipomidus Reichenbach, 1862; Oedipus Lesson, 1840; Seniocebus Gray, 1870; Tamarin Gray, 1870; Tamarinus Trouessart, 1904.			See Hershkovitz (1977:601-603). For a summary of interrelationships between species, using external, cranial, vocalization and DNA evidence, see Groves (2001c:137-8), who divided the genus into the following species groups: (1) S. midas group (midas, niger), (2) S. nigricollis group (nigricollis, graellsi, fuscicollis, melanoleucus, tropartitus), (3) S. mystax group (mystax, pileatus, labiatus, imperator), (4) S. bicolor group (bicolor, martinsi), (5) S. oedipus group (oedipus, geoffroyi, leucopus), (6) S. inustus group (inustus only).	
14200089	Pecari tajacu subsp. patira	Kerr 1792	SUBSPECIES		patira	tajacu		Pecari	Tayassuidae	Artiodactyla							
12100216	Saguinus bicolor	Spix 1823	SPECIES			bicolor		Saguinus	Cebidae	Primates	Sim. Vespert. Brasil. p.30			N Brazil; perhaps NE Peru.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Critically Endangered.	S. bicolor species group. See Hershkovitz (1977:744).	Pied Tamarin
12100217	Saguinus fuscicollis	Spix 1823	SPECIES			fuscicollis		Saguinus	Cebidae	Primates	Sim. Vespert. Brasil. p.27		flavifrons (I. Geoffroy and Deville, 1848); avilapiresi Hershkovitz, 1966; cruzlimai Hershkovitz, 1966; fuscus (Lesson, 1840); leonina (Humboldt, 1805) [not of Shaw, 1800]; illigeri (Pucheran, 1845); bluntschlii (Matschie, 1915); devillei (I. Geoffroy, 1850); mounseyi (Thomas, 1920); leucogenys (Gray, 1866); micans (Thomas, 1928); pacator (Thomas, 1914); lagonotus (Jiménez de la Espada, 1870); apiculatus (Thomas, 1904); nigrifrons (I. Geoffroy, 1851); pebilis (Thomas, 1928); primitivus Hershkovitz, 1977; weddelli (Deville, 1849); imberbis (Lönnberg, 1940); purillus (Thomas, 1914).	N and W Brazil, N Bolivia, E Peru, E Ecuador, SW Colombia.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient as S. f. cruzlimai, otherwise Least Concern (including listing as S. fuscus).	S. nigricollis species group. See Hershkovitz (1977:640-642). Coimbra-Filho (1990) regarded melanoleucus as a distinct species, with subspecies of acrensis and crandalli, and this was followed by Groves (2001c) and is followed here.	Brown-mantled Tamarin
12100218	Saguinus fuscicollis subsp. fuscicollis	Spix 1823	SUBSPECIES		fuscicollis	fuscicollis		Saguinus	Cebidae	Primates	Sim. Vespert. Brasil. p.27						
12100219	Saguinus fuscicollis subsp. avilapiresi	Hershkovitz 1966	SUBSPECIES		avilapiresi	fuscicollis		Saguinus	Cebidae	Primates							
12100228	Saguinus geoffroyi	Pucheran 1845	SPECIES			geoffroyi		Saguinus	Cebidae	Primates	Rev. Mag. Zool. Paris vol.8 p.336		salaguiensis (Elliot, 1912); spixii (Reichenbach, 1862).	SE Costa Rica to NW Colombia.	CITES  Appendix I; IUCN  Least Concern.	S. oedipus species group. Distinct from S. oedipus; see Natori (1988).	Geoffroys Tamarin
12100229	Saguinus graellsi	Jimenez de la Espada 1870	SPECIES			graellsi		Saguinus	Cebidae	Primates	Bol. Rev. Univers. Madrid p.19			Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, west of Rio Napo, from Rio Putumayo south to Rio Marañon, west to Rio Santiago.	CITES  Appendix II.	S. nigricollis species group. Raised to rank of full species by Groves (2001c), contra Hershkovitz (1977:628).	Graellss Tamarin
12100230	Saguinus imperator	Goeldi 1907	SPECIES			imperator		Saguinus	Cebidae	Primates	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1907 p.93		subgrisescens  (Lönnberg, 1940).	W Brazil, E Peru, Bolivia (see Anderson, 1997).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient as S. i. imperator, otherwise Least Concern.	S. mystax species group.	Emperor Tamarin
12100231	Saguinus imperator subsp. imperator	Goeldi 1907	SUBSPECIES		imperator	imperator		Saguinus	Cebidae	Primates	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1907 p.93						
12100234	Saguinus labiatus	É. Geoffroy 1812	SPECIES			labiatus		Saguinus	Cebidae	Primates	Rec. Observ. Zool. vol.1 p.361		?elegantulus  (Slack, 1862); ?erythrogaster (Reichenbach, 1862); griseovertex (Goeldi, 1907); rufiventer (Gray, 1843); thomasi (Goeldi, 1907).	W Brazil, E Peru, Bolivia (see Anderson, 1997).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Least Concern.	S. mystax species group.	White-lipped Tamarin
12100235	Saguinus labiatus subsp. labiatus	É. Geoffroy 1812	SUBSPECIES		labiatus	labiatus		Saguinus	Cebidae	Primates	Rec. Observ. Zool. vol.1 p.361						
12100236	Saguinus labiatus subsp. rufiventer	Gray 1843	SUBSPECIES		rufiventer	labiatus		Saguinus	Cebidae	Primates							
12100237	Saguinus labiatus subsp. thomasi	Goeldi 1907	SUBSPECIES		thomasi	labiatus		Saguinus	Cebidae	Primates							
12100238	Saguinus leucopus	Günther 1876 "1877"	SPECIES			leucopus		Saguinus	Cebidae	Primates	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1876 p.746		pegasis  (Elliot, 1913).	N Colombia.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Threatened; IUCN  Vulnerable.	S. oedipus species group.	White-footed Tamarin
12100239	Saguinus martinsi	Thomas 1912	SPECIES			martinsi		Saguinus	Cebidae	Primates	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.11 p.85		ochraceus  Hershkovitz, 1966.	N Brazil: a very small area north of the Amazon, on either side of the Rio Nhamunda.	CITES  Appendix I as included in S. bicolor; U.S. ESA  Endangered (as included in S. bicolor) ; IUCN  Least Concern.	S. bicolor species group. See Hershkovitz (1977:744). Separated from bicolor by Groves (2001c).	Martins Tamarin
12100240	Saguinus martinsi subsp. martinsi	Thomas 1912	SUBSPECIES		martinsi	martinsi		Saguinus	Cebidae	Primates	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.11 p.85						
12100241	Saguinus martinsi subsp. ochraceus	Hershkovitz 1966	SUBSPECIES		ochraceus	martinsi		Saguinus	Cebidae	Primates							
12100242	Saguinus melanoleucus	Miranda Ribeiro 1912	SPECIES			melanoleucus		Saguinus	Cebidae	Primates	Brasil. Rundsch. p.22		acrensis (Carvalho, 1957); crandalli Hershkovitz, 1966; hololeucus (Pinto, 1937).	Brazil, between Rios Jurua and Tarauca.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient as S. fuscicolis crandalli, otherwise not listed.	S. nigricollis species group. Coimbra-Filho (1990) regarded melanoleucus as a species distinct from S. fuscicollis, and this was followed by Groves (2001c).	White-mantled Tamarin
12100243	Saguinus midas	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			midas		Saguinus	Cebidae	Primates	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.28		egens (Thomas, 1912); lacepedii (Fischer, 1806); rufimanus (É. Geoffroy, 1812); tamarin (Link, 1795).	Brazil, Guyana, Cayenne, Surinam, north of the Amazon, east of the Rio Negro.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Least Concern.	S. midas species group.	Red-handed Tamarin
12100244	Saguinus mystax	Spix 1823	SPECIES			mystax		Saguinus	Cebidae	Primates	Sim. Vespert. Brasil. p.29		pluto  (Lönnberg, 1926).	W Brazil, Peru, south of Amazon-Solimoes-Marañon, between lower Rio Huallaga and Rio Madeira.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Least Concern.	S. mystax species group. See Hershkovitz (1977:700); but does not include pileatus (see Groves, 2001c:143-4).	Moustached Tamarin
12100245	Saguinus mystax subsp. mystax	Spix 1823	SUBSPECIES		mystax	mystax		Saguinus	Cebidae	Primates	Sim. Vespert. Brasil. p.29						
12100246	Saguinus mystax subsp. pluto	Lönnberg 1926	SUBSPECIES		pluto	mystax		Saguinus	Cebidae	Primates							
12100381	Alouatta guariba subsp. guariba	Humboldt 1812	SUBSPECIES		guariba	guariba		Alouatta	Atelidae	Primates	Rec. Observ. Zool. vol.1 p.pl. 30						
12100247	Saguinus niger	É. Geoffroy 1803	SPECIES			niger		Saguinus	Cebidae	Primates	Cat. Mamm. Mus. Nat. Hist. Paris p.13		gracilis (G. Fischer, 1813); umbratus (Thomas, 1922); ursula Hoffmannsegg, 1807.	Brazil, south of the Amazon, east of the Rio Xingu, including Marajo Isl.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Least Concern.	S. midas species group. Formerly called tamarin, but this is a synonym of S. midas: see Hershkovitz (1977:711). Separated from S. midas by Natori and Hanihara (1988).	Black Tamarin
12100248	Saguinus nigricollis	Spix 1823	SPECIES			nigricollis		Saguinus	Cebidae	Primates	Sim. Vespert. Brasil. p.28		rufoniger  (I. Geoffroy and Deville, 1848); hernandezi Hershkovitz, 1982.	W Brazil, E Peru, E Ecuador.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Least Concern.	S. nigricollis species group. Does not include graellsi, contra Hershkovitz (1977:628).	Black-mantled Tamarin
12100249	Saguinus nigricollis subsp. nigricollis	Spix 1823	SUBSPECIES		nigricollis	nigricollis		Saguinus	Cebidae	Primates	Sim. Vespert. Brasil. p.28						
12100250	Saguinus nigricollis subsp. hernandezi	Hershkovitz 1982	SUBSPECIES		hernandezi	nigricollis		Saguinus	Cebidae	Primates							
12100519	Erythrocebus	Trouessart 1897	GENUS					Erythrocebus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Cat. Mamm. Viv. Foss. vol.1 p.19	Simia patas Schreber, 1775.				Recognized as a distinct genus by Thorington and Groves (1970:638-639) and Szalay and Delson (1979).	
12100251	Saguinus oedipus	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			oedipus		Saguinus	Cebidae	Primates	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.28		doguin (Griffith, 1821); meticulous (Elliot, 1912); titi (Lesson, 1840).	N Colombia, Panama.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Endangered.	S. oedipus species group. Does not include geoffroyi; see Natori (1988).	Cottontop Tamarin
12100267	Cebus apella subsp. margaritae	Hollister 1914	SUBSPECIES		margaritae	apella		Cebus	Cebidae	Primates							
12100252	Saguinus pileatus	I. Geoffroy and Deville 1848	SPECIES			pileatus		Saguinus	Cebidae	Primates	C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris vol.27 p.490		juruanus Ihering, 1904.	W Brazil, east of Rio Téfé, west of Rio Purus.	CITES  Appendix II.	S. mystax species group. See Hershkovitz (1977:700). Separated from S. mystax by Groves (2001c:143-4).	Red-capped Tamarin
12100253	Saguinus tripartitus	Milne-Edwards 1878	SPECIES			tripartitus		Saguinus	Cebidae	Primates	Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, ser. 2 vol.1 p.161			East of Rio Curaray, Brazil-Colombia border; sympatric with S. fuscicollis around Curaray-Napo Confluence.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Least Concern.	S. nigricollis species group. Given specific rank by Thorington (1988) on the evidence of marginal sympatry with S. fuscicollis.	Golden-mantled Tamarin
12100254	Cebinae	Bonaparte 1831	SUBFAMILY						Cebidae	Primates	Saggio. Dist. Metod. Anim. Vert. p.6						
13700494	Sorex dispar	Batchelder 1911	SPECIES			dispar	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.24 p.97		macrurus  Batchelder, 1896 [not Hodgson, 1863, not macrourus Lehmann, 1822]; blitchi Schwartz, 1956.	Appalachian Mtns from W Virginia to N Carolina and Tenessee; New England, S New Brunswick and adjacent Nova Scotia (Canada).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Otisorex. For comparison with gaspensis see Kirkland and Van Deusen (1979). Reviewed by Kirkland (1981, Mammalian Species No. 155).	Long-tailed Shrew
12100255	Cebus	Erxleben 1777	GENUS					Cebus	Cebidae	Primates	Syst. Regni Anim. p.44	Simia capucina Linnaeus, 1758.	Agipan Rafinesque, 1815; Calyptrocebus Reichenbach, 1862; Eucebus Reichenbach, 1862; Otocebus Reichenbach, 1862; Pseudocebus Reichenbach, 1862; Sapajus Kerr, 1792.			Species groups are (1) C. capucinus group (capucinus, albifrons, olivaceus, kaapori), (2) C. apella group (apella, libidinosus, nigritus, xanthosternos). The following specific names probably refer to this genus, but are regarded by Groves (2001c) as not certainly identifiable to species: albulus (Kerr, 1792); albus É. Geoffroy, 1812; barbatus É. Geoffroy, 1812; flavia (Schreber, 1774); flavus (Goldfuss, 1809); lugubris Erxleben, 1777; pucheranii Dahlbom, 1856; paraguayanus Reichenbach, 1862.	
12100256	Cebus albifrons	Humboldt 1812	SPECIES			albifrons		Cebus	Cebidae	Primates	Rec. Observ. Zool. vol.1 p.324		aequatorialis  J. A. Allen, 1914; cuscinus Thomas, 1901; yuracus Hershkovitz, 1949; trinitatis Pusch, 1942; unicolor Spix, 1823; chrysopus Lesson, 1827; flavescens Gray, 1865; gracilis Spix, 1823; versicolor Pucheran, 1845; adustus Hershkovitz, 1849; cesarae Hershkovitz, 1949; leucocephalus Gray, 1865; malitiosus Elliot, 1909; pleei Hershkovitz, 1949.	Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, N Peru, NW Brazil, Trinidad, Bolivia (see Anderson, 1997).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Critically Endangered as C. a. trinitatis, Data Deficient as C. a. adustus, C. a. aequatorialis, C. a. cesarae, C. a. cuscinus, C. a. leucocephalus, C. a. malitiosus, C. a. versicolor, and C. a. yuracus, otherwise IUCN  Least Concern.	C. capucinus species group. Intermediates between this species and C. capucinus occur in Colombia (middle San Jorge Valley; Lower Cauca River), see Hernández-Camacho and Cooper (1976:58).	White-fronted Capuchin
12100257	Cebus albifrons subsp. albifrons	Humboldt 1812	SUBSPECIES		albifrons	albifrons		Cebus	Cebidae	Primates	Rec. Observ. Zool. vol.1 p.324						
12100258	Cebus albifrons subsp. aequatorialis	J. A. Allen 1914	SUBSPECIES		aequatorialis	albifrons		Cebus	Cebidae	Primates							
12100259	Cebus albifrons subsp. cuscinus	Thomas 1901	SUBSPECIES		cuscinus	albifrons		Cebus	Cebidae	Primates							
12100260	Cebus albifrons subsp. trinitatis	Pusch 1942	SUBSPECIES		trinitatis	albifrons		Cebus	Cebidae	Primates							
12100261	Cebus albifrons subsp. unicolor	Spix 1823	SUBSPECIES		unicolor	albifrons		Cebus	Cebidae	Primates							
12100262	Cebus albifrons subsp. versicolor	Pucheran 1845	SUBSPECIES		versicolor	albifrons		Cebus	Cebidae	Primates							
12100281	Cebus olivaceus	Schomburgk 1848	SPECIES			olivaceus		Cebus	Cebidae	Primates	Reise Brit. Guiana vol.2 p.247		annellatus Gray, 1865; apiculatus Elliot, 1907; brunneus J. A. Allen, 1914; castaneus I. Geoffroy, 1851; leporinus Pusch, 1941; nigrivittatus Wagner, 1848; pucheranii Dahlbom, 1856.	Guyana, French Guiana, Surinam, N Brazil, Venezuela, perhaps N Colombia.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	C. capucinus species group. Replaces nigrivittatus; see Husson (1978:223). Mittermeier and Coimbra-Filho (1981) queried the distinction of this species from C. capucinus.	Weeper Capuchin
12100263	Cebus apella	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			apella		Cebus	Cebidae	Primates	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.28		avus  Pusch, 1840; barbatus Humboldt, 1812; buffonii Lesson, 1840; fulvus (Kerr, 1792); griseus Desmarest, 1820; trepida (Linnaeus, 1766); fatuellus (Linnaeus, 1766); macrocephalus Spix, 1823; margaritae Hollister, 1914; peruanus Thomas, 1901; magnus Pusch, 1941; maranonis Pusch, 1941; tocantinus Lönnberg, 1939. The following names belong to this species or another species of the same species group, but seem impossible to allocate to a subspecies, according to Groves (2001c): capillatus Gray, 1865; cirrifer É. Geoffroy, 1812; crassiceps Pucheran, 1857; cristatus G. Cuvier, 1829; fallax Schlegel, 1876; fistulator Reichenbach, 1862; frontatus Kuhl, 1820; hypomelas (Pucheran, 1854); leucogenys Gray, 1866; lunatus Kuhl, 1820; monachus F. Cuvier, 1820; niger É. Geoffroy, 1812; subcristatus Gray, 1865; variegata (Humboldt, 1812).	N and W South America, from Guyana, Venezuela (south from the Río Orinoco delta) and Colombia south across the Amazon in Brazil to about 5°S in the east and to the headwaters of the upper tributaries in the west, nearly to 10°S.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Critically Endangered as C. a. margaritae, otherwise Least Concern (including listing as C. macrocephalus).	C. apella species group. Mittermeier et al. (1988:13-75) suggested that C. xanthosternos is a distinct species; followed by Groves (2001c), who also separated C. libidinosus and C. nigritus as distinct species.	Tufted Capuchin
12100264	Cebus apella subsp. apella	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		apella	apella		Cebus	Cebidae	Primates	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.28						
12100265	Cebus apella subsp. fatuellus	Linnaeus 1766	SUBSPECIES		fatuellus	apella		Cebus	Cebidae	Primates							
12100266	Cebus apella subsp. macrocephalus	Spix 1823	SUBSPECIES		macrocephalus	apella		Cebus	Cebidae	Primates							
12100270	Cebus capucinus	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			capucinus		Cebus	Cebidae	Primates	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.29		albulus Pusch, 1942; curtus Bangs, 1905; hypoleucus É. Geoffroy, 1812; imitator Thomas, 1903; limitaneus Hollister, 1914; nigripectus Elliot, 1909.	W Ecuador to Honduras.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Vulnerable as C. c. curtus, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	C. capucinus species group.	White-headed Capuchin
12100271	Cebus kaapori	Queiroz 1992	SPECIES			kaapori		Cebus	Cebidae	Primates	Goeldiana Zoologia vol.15 p.4			Brazil, between Rios Gurupi and Pindaré, or may extend a few kms west of the Gurupi.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Vulnerable C. olivaceus kaapori.	C. capucinus species group.	Kaapori Capuchin
13700538	Sorex monticolus subsp. calvertensis	Cowan 1941	SUBSPECIES		calvertensis	monticolus	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
12100272	Cebus libidinosus	Spix 1823	SPECIES			libidinosus		Cebus	Cebidae	Primates	Sim. Vespert. Brasil vol.1823 p.5		elegans I. Geoffroy, 1850; pallidus Gray, 1866; sagitta Pusch, 1941; paraguayanus Fischer, 1829; azarae Rengger, 1830; chacoensis Pusch, 1941; morrulus Pusch, 1941; versuta Elliot, 1910; juruanus Lönnberg, 1939.	Highland region of S Brazil, to Bolivia and Paraguay.	CITES  Appendix II.	C. apella species group. Separated from C. apella by Groves (2001c).	Black-striped Capuchin
12100273	Cebus libidinosus subsp. libidinosus	Spix 1823	SUBSPECIES		libidinosus	libidinosus		Cebus	Cebidae	Primates	Sim. Vespert. Brasil vol.1823 p.5						
12100274	Cebus libidinosus subsp. pallidus	Gray 1866	SUBSPECIES		pallidus	libidinosus		Cebus	Cebidae	Primates							
12100275	Cebus libidinosus subsp. paraguayanus	Fischer 1829	SUBSPECIES		paraguayanus	libidinosus		Cebus	Cebidae	Primates							
12100276	Cebus libidinosus subsp. juruanus	Lönnberg 1939	SUBSPECIES		juruanus	libidinosus		Cebus	Cebidae	Primates							
12100277	Cebus nigritus	Goldfuss 1809	SPECIES			nigritus		Cebus	Cebidae	Primates	Vergl. Naturbeschr., Säug. vol.1 p.74		xanthocephalus Spix, 1823; cucullatus Spix, 1823; caliginosus Elliot, 1910; vellerosus I. Geoffroy, 1851; robustus Kuhl, 1820.	Brazilian coast, Atlantic forests, 16°-30°S.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Vulnerable as C. robustus.	C. apella species group. Separated from C. apella by Groves (2001c).	Black Capuchin
12100278	Cebus nigritus subsp. nigritus	Goldfuss 1809	SUBSPECIES		nigritus	nigritus		Cebus	Cebidae	Primates	Vergl. Naturbeschr., Säug. vol.1 p.74						
12100279	Cebus nigritus subsp. cucullatus	Spix 1823	SUBSPECIES		cucullatus	nigritus		Cebus	Cebidae	Primates							
12100280	Cebus nigritus subsp. robustus	Kuhl 1820	SUBSPECIES		robustus	nigritus		Cebus	Cebidae	Primates							
12100282	Cebus xanthosternos	Wied-Neuwied 1826	SPECIES			xanthosternos		Cebus	Cebidae	Primates	Reis. Brasil. vol.1 p.371			Brazil, formerly between Rio São Francisco and Rio Jequitinhonha or even further south; now much reduced.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Critically Endangered.	C. apella species group. Mittermeier et al. (1988:13-75) suggested that C. xanthosternos is a species distinct from C. apella; this was followed by Groves (2001c).	Golden-bellied Capuchin
12100283	Saimiriinae	Miller 1812	SUBFAMILY						Cebidae	Primates	Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol.79 p.380		Chrysotrichinae Cabrera, 1900.			Goodman et al. (1998) reduced the subfamily to a tribe of Cebinae. Groves (2001c) pointed out that the name is antedated by Chrysotrichinae Cabrera, 1900, and Brandon-Jones and Groves (2002) agreed, but considered that it would be preferable not to upset "prevailing usage" (Art. 40.2.1; International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, 1999).	
12100284	Saimiri	Voigt 1831	GENUS					Saimiri	Cebidae	Primates	In Cuvier, Das Thierreich vol.1 p.95	Simia sciurea Linnaeus, 1758.	Chrysothrix Kaup, 1835; Pithesciurus Lesson, 1840.			Placed in a separate subfamily Saimirinae by Hershkovitz (1970a) and Napier (1976); according to Groves (2001c), Chrysotrichinae Cabrera, 1900, has priority. The species fall into two groups, S. boliviensis species group (boliviensis, vanzolinii) and S. sciureus species group (sciureus, ustus, oerstedti).	
12100285	Saimiri boliviensis	I. Geoffroy and Blainville 1834	SPECIES			boliviensis		Saimiri	Cebidae	Primates	Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.3 p.89		entomophagus (dOrbigny, 1835); jaburuensis Lönnberg, 1940; nigriceps Thomas, 1902; pluvialis Lönnberg, 1940; peruviensis Hershkovitz, 1984.	Upper Amazon in Peru; SW Brazil; Bolivia.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Least Concern.	S. boliviensis species group. Originally separated from S. sciureus by Hershkovitz (1984); not recognized as a species by Thorington (1985) or Costello et al. (1993), but belongs to a different species group according to Groves (2001c).	Black-capped Squirrel Monkey
12100286	Saimiri boliviensis subsp. boliviensis	I. Geoffroy and Blainville 1834	SUBSPECIES		boliviensis	boliviensis		Saimiri	Cebidae	Primates	Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.3 p.89						
12100287	Saimiri boliviensis subsp. peruviensis	Hershkovitz 1984	SUBSPECIES		peruviensis	boliviensis		Saimiri	Cebidae	Primates							
12100288	Saimiri oerstedii	Reinhardt 1872	SPECIES			oerstedii		Saimiri	Cebidae	Primates	Vidensk. Medd. Nat. Hist. Kjobenhaven p.157		citrinellus  Thomas, 1904.	Panama, Costa Rica.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Critically Endangered as S. o. citrinellus, Endangered as Saimiri o. oerstedii.	S. sciureus species group. Hershkovitz (1972a) considered oerstedii a subspecies of sciureus; but see Hershkovitz (1984).	Central American Squirrel Monkey
12100289	Saimiri oerstedii subsp. oerstedii	Reinhardt 1872	SUBSPECIES		oerstedii	oerstedii		Saimiri	Cebidae	Primates	Vidensk. Medd. Nat. Hist. Kjobenhaven p.157						
12100290	Saimiri oerstedii subsp. citrinellus	Thomas 1904	SUBSPECIES		citrinellus	oerstedii		Saimiri	Cebidae	Primates							
12100291	Saimiri sciureus	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			sciureus		Saimiri	Cebidae	Primates	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.29		apedia (Linnaeus, 1758); collinsi Osgood, 1916; leucopsis (Hermann, 1804); morta (Linnaeus, 1758); nigrivittata (Wagner, 1848); saimiri (Lacépède, 1803); albigena Pusch, 1942; cassiquiarensis (Lesson, 1840); codajazensis Lönnberg, 1940; lunulatus (I. Geoffroy, 1843); macrodon Elliot, 1907; caquetensis J. A. Allen, 1916; ?juruana Lönnberg, 1940; ?petrina Thomas, 1927.	N Brazil north of the Amazon-Jurua system, and south of the Amazon east of the Rio Xingu or the Rio Iriri; Marajo Isl (Brazil), Guyana, French Guiana, Surinam, Venezuela, Colombia, E Ecuador, NE Peru.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Least Concern.	S. sciureus species group.	Common Squirrel Monkey
12100292	Saimiri sciureus subsp. sciureus	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		sciureus	sciureus		Saimiri	Cebidae	Primates	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.29						
12100293	Saimiri sciureus subsp. albigena	Pusch 1942	SUBSPECIES		albigena	sciureus		Saimiri	Cebidae	Primates							
12100294	Saimiri sciureus subsp. cassiquiarensis	Lesson 1840	SUBSPECIES		cassiquiarensis	sciureus		Saimiri	Cebidae	Primates							
12100295	Saimiri sciureus subsp. macrodon	Elliot 1907	SUBSPECIES		macrodon	sciureus		Saimiri	Cebidae	Primates							
12100296	Saimiri ustus	I. Geoffroy 1843	SPECIES			ustus		Saimiri	Cebidae	Primates	C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris vol.16 21 p.1157		madeirae  Thomas, 1908.	S Brazil: south of Rio Amazon, probably from Rio Xingu to Lage Tefé, approx. 61°30W.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Least Concern.	S. sciureus species group. Thorington (1985) and Costello et al. (1993) argued that ustus is a synonym of S. sciureus (so that the correct name should be madeirae), but this is not the case (Groves, 2001c:159). Costello et al. (1993) regarded this species as not specifically distinct from S. sciureus.	Bare-eared Squirrel Monkey
12100382	Alouatta guariba subsp. clamitans	Cabrera 1940	SUBSPECIES		clamitans	guariba		Alouatta	Atelidae	Primates							
12100444	Cercopithecus albogularis subsp. monoides	I. Geoffroy 1841	SUBSPECIES		monoides	albogularis		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100297	Saimiri vanzolinii	Ayres 1985	SPECIES			vanzolinii		Saimiri	Cebidae	Primates	Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, São Paulo vol.36 p.148			Between Rios Japura, Solimões and (probably) Paranado Jaraua (Brazil); Tarara and Capucho Isls (Brazil).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Vulnerable.	S. boliviensis species group. A subspecies of S. boliviensis according to Hershkovitz (1987c:22, fn.).	Black Squirrel Monkey
12100298	Aotidae	Elliot 1913	FAMILY						Aotidae	Primates	Review of the Primates vol.1 p.xxiv					Groves (1989) first suggested that this is a full family and used the name Aotidae Poche, 1908; Groves (2001c) pointed out that Nyctipithecidae Gray, 1870 has precedence, but overlooked the fact that Simpson (1945) had already replaced Nyctipithecinae by Aotinae (Brandon-Jones and Groves, 2002). Goodman et al. (1998) placed it as a third subfamily of Cebidae (with Cebinae and Callitrichinae), and McKenna and Bell (1997) placed Aotus, Cebus and Saimiri as three equal genera in their tribe Cebini (of subfamily Cebinae which also included Callicebini).	
12100299	Aotus	Illiger 1811	GENUS					Aotus	Aotidae	Primates	Prodr. Syst. Mamm. Avium. p.71	Simia trivirgata Humboldt, 1811.	Nocthora F. Cuvier, 1824; Nyctipithecus Spix, 1823.			Hershkovitz (1983) divided the species into two groups: Gray-necked and Red-necked.	
12100300	Aotus azarae	Humboldt 1811	SPECIES			azarae		Aotus	Aotidae	Primates	Rec. Observ. Zool. vol.1 p.359		miriquouina  (É. Geoffroy, 1812); boliviensis Elliot, 1907; bidentatus Lönnberg, 1941; infulatus (Kuhl, 1820); roberti Dollman, 1909.	Bolivia south of Amazon, between Rios Tocantins and Tapajos-Juruena, south to Paraguay and N Argentina.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Red-necked species group. Pieczarka and Nagamuchi (1988) proposed that infulatus may be conspecific with A. azarae; followed by Ford (1994) and Groves (2001c). Groves (1993) changed the form of the name to azarai in accordance with Art. 31 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1985d), but D. Brandon-Jones (pers. comm.) pointed out that Art. 31.1.3 recommends that the original spelling be preserved.	Azaras Night Monkey
12100301	Aotus azarae subsp. azarae	Humboldt 1811	SUBSPECIES		azarae	azarae		Aotus	Aotidae	Primates	Rec. Observ. Zool. vol.1 p.359						
12100303	Aotus azarae subsp. infulatus	Kuhl 1820	SUBSPECIES		infulatus	azarae		Aotus	Aotidae	Primates							
12100304	Aotus hershkovitzi	Ramirez-Cerquera 1983	SPECIES			hershkovitzi		Aotus	Aotidae	Primates	IX Cong. Latinoamer. Zool. [abstracts], Arequipa, Peru p.148			Known from the type locality only.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient.	Gray-necked species group. According to Defler et al. (2001), probably a synonym of Aotus lemurinus lemurinus, but more work (especially on karyotypes) needs to be done.	Hershkovitzs Night Monkey
12100305	Aotus lemurinus	I. Geoffroy 1843	SPECIES			lemurinus		Aotus	Aotidae	Primates	C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris vol.16 p.1151		aversus Elliot, 1913; hirsutus (Gray, 1847); lanius Dollman, 1909; pervigilis Elliot, 1913; villosus (Gray, 1847); brumbacki Hershkovitz, 1983; griseimembra Elliot, 1912; bipunstatus Bole, 1937; zonalis Goldman, 1914.	Panama, Equador and Colombia west of Cordillera Oriental.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Endangered as A. l. griseimembra, Data Deficient as A. l. zonalis, otherwise Vulnerable as A. l. brumbacki and A. l. lemurinus.	Gray-necked species group. Ford (1994) suggested that brumbacki is a subspecies of A. lemurinus; followed by Groves (2001c). Defler et al. (2001) argued that the described subspecies of A. lemurinus are probably full species, but more work (especially on karyotypes) needs to be done.	Gray-bellied Night Monkey
12100306	Aotus lemurinus subsp. lemurinus	I. Geoffroy 1843	SUBSPECIES		lemurinus	lemurinus		Aotus	Aotidae	Primates	C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris vol.16 p.1151						
12100307	Aotus lemurinus subsp. brumbacki	Hershkovitz 1983	SUBSPECIES		brumbacki	lemurinus		Aotus	Aotidae	Primates							
12100308	Aotus lemurinus subsp. griseimembra	Elliot 1912	SUBSPECIES		griseimembra	lemurinus		Aotus	Aotidae	Primates							
12100309	Aotus lemurinus subsp. zonalis	Goldman 1914	SUBSPECIES		zonalis	lemurinus		Aotus	Aotidae	Primates							
12100310	Aotus miconax	Thomas 1927	SPECIES			miconax		Aotus	Aotidae	Primates	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.19 p.365			A small area in Peru between Rio Ucayali and the Andes, south of Rio Marañon.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Vulnerable.	Red-necked species group.	Peruvian Night Monkey
12100311	Aotus nancymaae	Hershkovitz 1983	SPECIES			nancymaae		Aotus	Aotidae	Primates	Am. J. Primatol. vol.4 p.223			Loreto Dept. (Peru) to Rio Jandiatuba, south of Rio Solimões (Brazil); and enclave between Rios Tigre and Pastaza (Peru).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Red-necked species group. The form of the name is changed in accordance with the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, Art. 31.1.2 (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1999).	Nancy Mas Night Monkey
12100312	Aotus nigriceps	Dollman 1909	SPECIES			nigriceps		Aotus	Aotidae	Primates	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.4 p.200		senex Dollman, 1909.	Brazil, south of Rio Solimões, west of Rio Tapajós Juruena, west into Peru; Bolivia (see Anderson, 1997).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Red-necked species group.	Black-headed Night Monkey
12100313	Aotus trivirgatus	Humboldt 1811	SPECIES			trivirgatus		Aotus	Aotidae	Primates	Rec. Observ. Zool. vol.1 p.306		commersonii (Vigors and Horsfield, 1829); duruculi (Lesson, 1840); felinus (Spix, 1823); humboldti Illiger in Humboldt, 1812; rufus (Lesson, 1840).	Venezuela, south of Rio Orinoco, south to Brazil north of Rios Negro and Amazon.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Gray-necked species group. Long the only species recognized in the genus; divided into 9 species by Hershkovitz (1983), revised further by Ford (1994) and Groves (2001c).	Three-striped Night Monkey
12100314	Aotus vociferans	Spix 1823	SPECIES			vociferans		Aotus	Aotidae	Primates	Sim. Vespert. Brasil. p.25		gularis  Dollman, 1909; microdon Dollman, 1909; oseryi (I. Geoffroy and Deville, 1848); rufipes (Sclater, 1872); spixi (Pucheran, 1857).	Colombia, east of Cordillera Oriental, west of Rio Negro, south to Brazil (north of Amazon-Solimões Rivers).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Gray-necked species group.	Spixs Night Monkey
12100316	Callicebinae	Pocock 1925	SUBFAMILY						Pitheciidae	Primates	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1925 p.45					Regarded as a full family by Groves (1989), but its affinities with Pitheciinae were emphasised by Horovitz et al. (1998). McKenna and Bell (1997) placed it as a tribe Callicebini in subfamily Cebinae, separating it from Pitheciinae.	
12100317	Callicebus	Thomas 1903	GENUS					Callicebus	Pitheciidae	Primates	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.12 p.456	Simia personatus É. Geoffroy, 1812.	Torquatus Goodman et al., 1998.			Revised by Hershkovitz (1990b) and van Roosmalen et al. (2002). Affinities among the species are disputed; the C. torquatus group is very distinct, and provisionally two subgenera may be recognized: Torquatus for the C. torquatus group, and Callicebus for the rest, following Goodman et al. (1998). Apart from the C. torquatus group (here, subgenus Torquatus), van Roosmalen et al. (2002) divide the species into four species groups: the C. donacophilus, C cupreus, C. moloch and C. personatus groups.	
12100318	Callicebus	Thomas 1903	SUBGENUS				Callicebus	Callicebus	Pitheciidae	Primates	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.12 p.456	Simia personatus É. Geoffroy, 1812.					
12100319	Torquatus	Goodman et al. 1998	SUBGENUS				Torquatus	Callicebus	Pitheciidae	Primates							
12100320	Callicebus baptista	Lönnberg 1939	SPECIES			baptista	Callicebus	Callicebus	Pitheciidae	Primates	Ark. f. Zool. vol.31A 13 p.7			C Brazil, north of the Parana do Uraria and Parana do Ramos and south of the Amazon and lowermost Rio Madeira; and a small wedge between the Rio Uira-Curupa and Rio Andira (van Roosmalen et al., 2002:23-24).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Callicebus. C. moloch species group. Hershkovitz (1990b) placed this as a subspecies of C. hoffmannsi; Groves (1992) suggested that both could be subspecies of moloch, but see Groves (2001c:170, 173) and van Roosmalen et al. (2002:23-24), who also separated it from hoffmannsi.	Baptista Lake Titi
12100321	Callicebus barbarabrownae	Hershkovitz 1990	SPECIES			barbarabrownae	Callicebus	Callicebus	Pitheciidae	Primates	Fieldiana Zool., NS vol.55 p.77			E Brazil, between Rio Paraguaçu and Rio Itapicuru, except where C. coimbrai is found.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Subgenus Callicebus. C. personatus species group. Regarded as full species, separate from C. personatus, by Kobayashi and Langguth (1999).	Barbara Browns Titi
12100322	Callicebus bernhardi	van Roosmalen, van Roosmalen and Mittermeier 2002	SPECIES			bernhardi	Callicebus	Callicebus	Pitheciidae	Primates	Neotropical Primates vol.10 (Suppl.) p.24			Brazil, Amazonas and Rodonia states, between Rios Madeira-Ji-Parana and Rios Aripuana-Roosevelt.	CITES  Appendix II.	Subgenus Callicebus, C. moloch species group.	Prince Bernhards Titi
12100323	Callicebus brunneus	Wagner 1842	SPECIES			brunneus	Callicebus	Callicebus	Pitheciidae	Primates	Arch. Naturgesch. vol.8 p.357			Middle to upper Madeira basin in Peru and Brazil, to upper Rio Purús (Brazil) and Ucayali (Peru); Bolivia (see van Roosmalen et al., 2002).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Callicebus. C. moloch species group. Not a subspecies of moloch, contra Groves (1992).	Brown Titi
12100324	Callicebus caligatus	Wagner 1842	SPECIES			caligatus	Callicebus	Callicebus	Pitheciidae	Primates	Arch. Naturg vol.8 p.257		castaneoventris (Gray, 1866); usto-fuscus Elliot, 1907.	South of the Rio Solimões from Rio Purús to Rio Madeira, Brazil.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Callicebus. C. cupreus species group. A synonym of cupreus according to Groves (2001c), who thought it was a colour morph, but shown to be a distinct, allopatric species by van Roosmalen et al. (2002).	Chestnut-bellied Titi
12100325	Callicebus cinerascens	Spix 1823	SPECIES			cinerascens	Callicebus	Callicebus	Pitheciidae	Primates	Sim. Vespert. Brasil. p.20			Rio Madeira basin (SW Brazil).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Callicebus. C. moloch species group.	Ashy Black Titi
12100445	Cercopithecus albogularis subsp. phylax	Schwarz 1927	SUBSPECIES		phylax	albogularis		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100326	Callicebus coimbrai	Kobayashi and Langguth 1999	SPECIES			coimbrai	Callicebus	Callicebus	Pitheciidae	Primates	Rev. Bras. Zool. vol.16 p.534			NE Brazil, between Rio São Francisco and Rio Real.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Subgenus Callicebus. C. personatus species group.	Coimbra Filhos Titi
12100365	Pithecia irrorata	Gray 1842	SPECIES			irrorata		Pithecia	Pitheciidae	Primates	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.10 p.256		vanzolinii  Hershkovitz, 1987.	South of the Amazon in SW Brazil; SW Peru; E Bolivia.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes some specimens identified by Hershkovitz (1979) as P. hirsuta. May prove to be a subspecies of P. monachus (Hershkovitz, 1987d).	Rio Tapajos Saki
12100327	Callicebus cupreus	Spix 1823	SPECIES			cupreus	Callicebus	Callicebus	Pitheciidae	Primates	Sim. Vespert. Brasil. p.23		acreanus Vieira, 1952; egeria Thomas, 1908; toppinii Thomas, 1914.	South of the Amazon from Rio Purús to Rio Ucayali, Brazil and Peru; probably Bolivia.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Callicebus. C. cupreus species group. Includes caligata, discolor and dubius according to Groves (1992, 2001c), who argued that, if the distributions are sympatric, as mapped by Hershkovitz (1990), then all these are likely to be colour morphs; but according to van Roosmalen et al. (2002), the distributions given by Hershkovitz are incorrect, and they are vicariant and hence represent differentiated taxa.	Coppery Titi
12100328	Callicebus discolor	I. Geoffroy and Deville 1848	SPECIES			discolor	Callicebus	Callicebus	Pitheciidae	Primates	C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris vol.27 p.498		leucometopa (Cabrera, 1900); napoleon Lönnberg, 1922; paenulatus Elliot, 1909; rutteri Thomas, 1923; subrufus Elliot, 1907.	Upper Amazonian region in Peru, Ecuador and Colombia, and possibly into Brazil, between the Rios Ucayali and Huallaga and north of Rio Marañon across the Rio Napo to the Rio Putumayo and Rio Guamés.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Callicebus. C. cupreus species group. Separated as a species from cupreus by van Roosmalen et al. (2002).	White-tailed titi
12100329	Callicebus donacophilus	d'Orbigny 1836	SPECIES			donacophilus	Callicebus	Callicebus	Pitheciidae	Primates	Voy. Am. Merid., Atlas Zool. p.pl. 5			WC Bolivia, El Beni and Santa Cruz Provs., Upper Rios Marmoré-Grande and San Miguel basins.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Callicebus. C. donacophilus species group. Does not include pallescens (see Groves, 2001c:172, van Roosmalen et al., 2002:8).	White-eared Titi
12100449	Cercopithecus ascanius subsp. ascanius	Audebert 1799	SUBSPECIES		ascanius	ascanius		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Hist. Nat. Singes Makis vol.4 2 p.13						
12100330	Callicebus dubius	Hershkovitz 1988	SPECIES			dubius	Callicebus	Callicebus	Pitheciidae	Primates	Fieldiana Zool., n.s. vol.55 p.66			Brazil, Ituxi River or the Mucuim River, east to the Madeira River south of Humaita, and west to the Purus River (van Roosmalen et al., 2002).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Vulnerable.	Subgenus Callicebus. C. cupreus species group. A synonym of cupreus according to Groves (2001c), who thought it was a colour morph, but shown to be consistently different, with a distinct geographic distribution by van Roosmalen et al. (2002).	Hershkovitz Titi
12100331	Callicebus hoffmannsi	Thomas 1908	SPECIES			hoffmannsi	Callicebus	Callicebus	Pitheciidae	Primates	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.2 p.89			C Brazil, south of Amazon, between Rios Canuma and Tapajós-Jurena, south to the Rio Sucunduri.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Callicebus. C. moloch species group. Groves (1992) suggested that this may be a subspecies of moloch, but see Groves (2001c:170). Does not include baptista (see Groves, 2001c:170, 173).	Hoffmannss Titi
12100332	Callicebus lucifer	Thomas 1914	SPECIES			lucifer	Torquatus	Callicebus	Pitheciidae	Primates	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.13 p.345		ignitus Thomas, 1927.	Peru, Ecuador and Brazil, between Rios Caqueta-Japua and Rios Napo-Solimoes.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc)	Subgenus Torquatus. Separated as a species from C. torquatus by van Roosmalen et al. (2002).	Lucifer Titi
12100333	Callicebus lugens	Humboldt 1811	SPECIES			lugens	Torquatus	Callicebus	Pitheciidae	Primates	Rec. Observ. Zool. p.319		duida Allen, 1914; vidua (Lesson, 1840).	Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela, west of Rio Branco and north of Rios Negro/Uaupes/Vaupes; then west of Rio Apaporis and north of Rio Caqueta, east of Andes north to Rio Tomo, possibly to Rio Orinoco but known to reach the Orinoco only between Rio Caura and Rio Caroni (van Roosmalen et al., 2002).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Torquatus. Separated as a species from C. torquatus by van Roosmalen et al. (2002).	Black Titi
12100334	Callicebus medemi	Hershkovitz 1963	SPECIES			medemi	Torquatus	Callicebus	Pitheciidae	Primates	Mammalia vol.27 p.52			Amazonian region of Colombia.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Vulnerable.	Subgenus Torquatus. Separated as a species from C. torquatus by Groves (2001c).	Colombian Black-handed Titi
12100335	Callicebus melanochir	Wied-Neuwied 1820	SPECIES			melanochir	Callicebus	Callicebus	Pitheciidae	Primates	Reise nach Brasil. vol.1 p.258, fn		canescens (Kuhl, 1820); gigot Spix, 1823.	E Brazil, between Rio Mucuri and Rio Itapicuru.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Vulnerable.	Subgenus Callicebus. C. personatus species group. Regarded as full species, separate from C. personatus, by Kobayashi and Langguth (1999).	Coastal Black-handed Titi
12100336	Callicebus modestus	Lönnberg 1939	SPECIES			modestus	Callicebus	Callicebus	Pitheciidae	Primates	Ark. f. Zool. vol.31A 17			Upper Río Beni basin (Bolivia).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Callicebus. C. donacophilus species group.	Rio Beni Titi
12100415	Lagothrix lagotricha	Humboldt 1812	SPECIES			lagotricha		Lagothrix	Atelidae	Primates	Rec. Observ. Zool. vol.1 p.322		barrigo Natterer, 1883; caparro Lesson, 1840; caroarensis Lönnberg, 1931; geoffroyi Pucheran, 1857; humboldtii É. Geoffroy, 1812; infumatus (Spix, 1823).	Brazil N of Rio Napo-Amazon system, SE Colombia, extreme N Peru and NE Ecuador.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Brown Woolly Monkey
12100337	Callicebus moloch	Hoffmannsegg 1807	SPECIES			moloch	Callicebus	Callicebus	Pitheciidae	Primates	Magas. Ges. Nativf. Fr. vol.9 p.97		emiliae Thomas, 1911; geoffroyi Miranda Ribeiro, 1914; hypokantha (Olfers, 1819); remulus Thomas, 1908; sakir (Giebel, 1855).	C Brazil, south of Amazon, between Rios Tapajós and Tocantins-Araguaia.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Callicebus. C. moloch species group. See Jones and Anderson (1978, Mammalian Species, 112).	Red-bellied Titi
12100338	Callicebus nigrifrons	Spix 1823	SPECIES			nigrifrons	Callicebus	Callicebus	Pitheciidae	Primates	Sim. Vespert. Brasil. p.21		brunello Thomas, 1913; chlorocnemius (Lund, 1840); crinicaudus (Lund, 1841); grandis (Lund, 1841); melanops (Vigors, 1829).	SE Brazil, states of Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo (north of Rio Tietê), and S Minas Gerais.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Vulnerable.	Subgenus Callicebus. C. personatus species group. Regarded as full species, separate from C. personatus, by Kobayashi and Langguth (1999).	Black-fronted Titi
12100339	Callicebus oenanthe	Thomas 1924	SPECIES			oenanthe	Callicebus	Callicebus	Pitheciidae	Primates	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.14 p.286			Rio Mayo valley, 750-950 m (N Peru).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Vulnerable.	Subgenus Callicebus. C. donacophilus species group.	Rio Mayo Titi
12100340	Callicebus olallae	Lönnberg 1939	SPECIES			olallae	Callicebus	Callicebus	Pitheciidae	Primates	Ark. f. Zool. vol.31A p.16			Known only from the type locality.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient.	Subgenus Callicebus. C. donacophilus species group.	Ollala Brothers Titi
12100341	Callicebus ornatus	Gray 1866	SPECIES			ornatus	Callicebus	Callicebus	Pitheciidae	Primates	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4 vol.17 p.57			Colombia, headwaters of Rio Meta and Rio Guiviare.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Vulnerable.	Subgenus Callicebus. C. cupreus species group. Separated from C. cupreus by Groves (2001c) and van Roosmalen et al. (2002).	Ornate Titi
12100450	Cercopithecus ascanius subsp. atrinasus	Machado 1965	SUBSPECIES		atrinasus	ascanius		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100342	Callicebus pallescens	Thomas 1907	SPECIES			pallescens	Callicebus	Callicebus	Pitheciidae	Primates	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.20 p.161			Paraguay, W of Rio Paraguay to about 23°S and 61°30W in Gran Chaco; Mato Grosso do Sul, in the Pantanal (Brazil); probably Bolivia (see Anderson, 1997).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Callicebus. C. donacophilus species group. Separated from C. donacophilus by Groves (2001c:172) and van Roosmalen et al. (2002).	White-coated Titi
12100343	Callicebus personatus	É. Geoffroy 1812	SPECIES			personatus	Callicebus	Callicebus	Pitheciidae	Primates	In Humboldt, Rec. Observ. Zool. vol.1 p.357		incanescens  (Kuhl, 1820).	SE Brazil, Espirito Santo, possibly into NW Minas Gerais.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Vulnerable.	Subgenus Callicebus. C. personatus species group. Does not include melanochir, nigrifrons or barbarbrownae (see Kobayashi and Langguth, 1999).	Atlantic Titi
12100344	Callicebus purinus	Thomas 1927	SPECIES			purinus	Torquatus	Callicebus	Pitheciidae	Primates	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.19 p.510			Brazil south of the Rio Solimoes between the Rio Tapaua and Rio Jurua.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Torquatus. Separated as a species from C. torquatus by van Roosmalen et al. (2002).	Rio Purus Titi
12100345	Callicebus regulus	Thomas 1927	SPECIES			regulus	Torquatus	Callicebus	Pitheciidae	Primates	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.19 p.510			Brazil, between Rios Javari/Solimoes and Rio Jurua.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Torquatus. Separated as a species from C. torquatus by van Roosmalen et al. (2002).	Red-headed Titi
12100346	Callicebus stephennashi	van Roosmalen, van Roosmalen and Mittermeier 2002	SPECIES			stephennashi	Callicebus	Callicebus	Pitheciidae	Primates	Neotropical Primates vol.10, suppl. p.15			Brazil: probably along the right bank of the Rio Purus, in between the distributions of C. caligatus and C. dubius (van Roosmalen et al., 2002).	CITES  Appendix II.	Subgenus Callicebus. C. cupreus species group.	Stephen Nashs Titi
12100347	Callicebus torquatus	Hoffmannsegg 1807	SPECIES			torquatus	Torquatus	Callicebus	Pitheciidae	Primates	Magas. Ges. Nativf. Fr. vol.10 p.86		amicta (É. Geoffroy, 1812).	Brazil, between Rios Negro/Uaupes and Rios Solimoes/Japura/Apaporis.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Torquatus. Does not include lucifer, lugens, purinus or regulus according to van Roosmalen et al. (2002).	Collared Titi
12100348	Pitheciinae	Mivart 1865	SUBFAMILY						Pitheciidae	Primates	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1865 p.547						
12100349	Cacajao	Lesson 1840	GENUS					Cacajao	Pitheciidae	Primates	Spec. Mamm. Bim. et Quadrum. p.181	Simia melanocephalus Humboldt, 1812.	Brachyurus  Spix, 1823; Cercoptochus Gloger, 1842; Cothurus Palmer, 1899 [not of Champion, 1891 (Coleoptera)]; Neocothurus Palmer, 1903; Ouakaria Gray, 1849.			Revised by Hershkovitz (1987c). Reduced to a subgenus of Chiropotes by Goodman et al. (1998).	
12100672	Presbytis rubicunda subsp. rubida	Lyon 1911	SUBSPECIES		rubida	rubicunda		Presbytis	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100350	Cacajao calvus	I. Geoffroy 1847	SPECIES			calvus		Cacajao	Pitheciidae	Primates	C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris vol.24 p.576		alba  (Schlegel, 1876); novaesi Hershkovitz, 1987; rubicundus (I. Geoffroy St. Hilaire and Deville, 1848); ucayalii Thomas, 1928.	NW Brazil, E Peru.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Endangered as C. c. calvus, C. c. novaesi, and C. c. rubicundus, Vulnerable as C. c. ucayalii.	Includes rubicundus; see Hershkovitz (1972a), but also see Szalay and Delson (1979:290) who listed it as a distinct species.	Bald Uacari
12100351	Cacajao calvus subsp. calvus	I. Geoffroy 1847	SUBSPECIES		calvus	calvus		Cacajao	Pitheciidae	Primates	C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris vol.24 p.576						
12100352	Cacajao calvus subsp. novaesi	Hershkovitz 1987	SUBSPECIES		novaesi	calvus		Cacajao	Pitheciidae	Primates							
12100353	Cacajao calvus subsp. rubicundus	I. Geoffroy St. Hilaire and Deville 1848	SUBSPECIES		rubicundus	calvus		Cacajao	Pitheciidae	Primates							
12100354	Cacajao calvus subsp. ucayalii	Thomas 1928	SUBSPECIES		ucayalii	calvus		Cacajao	Pitheciidae	Primates							
12100355	Cacajao melanocephalus	Humboldt 1812	SPECIES			melanocephalus		Cacajao	Pitheciidae	Primates	Rec. Observ. Zool. vol.1 p.317		ouakary (Spix, 1823); spixii (Gray, 1849).	SW Venezuela, NW Brazil.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Black-headed Uacari
12100356	Chiropotes	Lesson 1840	GENUS					Chiropotes	Pitheciidae	Primates	Spec. Mamm. Bim. et Quadrum. p.178	Pithecia (Chiropotes) couxio Lesson, 1840 (= Cebus satanas Hoffmannsegg, 1807).	Cheiropotes Reichenbach, 1862; Saki Schlegel, 1876.			Reviewed by Hershkovitz (1985) and Bonvicino et al. (2003b).	
12100357	Chiropotes albinasus	I. Geoffroy and Deville 1848	SPECIES			albinasus		Chiropotes	Pitheciidae	Primates	C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris vol.27 p.498		roosevelti  J. A. Allen, 1914.	NC Brazil.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		White-nosed Saki
12100451	Cercopithecus ascanius subsp. katangae	Lönnberg 1919	SUBSPECIES		katangae	ascanius		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100358	Chiropotes chiropotes	Humboldt 1811	SPECIES			chiropotes		Chiropotes	Pitheciidae	Primates	Rec. Obs. zool. Anat. Comp. vol.1 p.311		couxio (Lesson, 1840); fulvo-fusca (Trouessart, 1897); sagulata (Traill, 1821).	Guyana, French Guiana, Surinam, Brazil east of the R.Branco.	CITES  Appendix II; status not known.	A distinct species, not a subspecies of C. satanas, and does not include israelita as a synonym, according to Bonvicino et al. (2003b).	Red-backed Bearded Saki
12100359	Chiropotes israelita	Spix 1823	SPECIES			israelita		Chiropotes	Pitheciidae	Primates	Sim. et Vesp. Brasil. p.11			Brazil north of the Amazon and east of the Rio Branco, S Venezuela east of the Rio Orinoco.	CITES  Appendix II; status not known.	Regarded as a distinct species, not a synonym of chiropotes, by Bonvicino et al. (2003b).	Brown-backed Bearded Saki
12100360	Chiropotes satanas	Hoffmannsegg 1807	SPECIES			satanas		Chiropotes	Pitheciidae	Primates	Mag. Ges. Naturf. Fr. vol.10 p.93		ater Gray, 1870; nigra (Trouessart, 1897).	Brazil south of Amazon estuary, between Rios Tocantins and Gurupi.	CITES  Appendix II; U.S. ESA  Endangered as C. s. satanas; IUCN  Endangered as C. s. satanas.	The subspecies assigned to this species by Hershkovitz (1985) were regarded as distinct species by Bonvicino et al. (2003b).	Black Bearded Saki
12100361	Chiropotes utahickae	Hershkovitz 1985	SPECIES			utahickae		Chiropotes	Pitheciidae	Primates	Fieldiana Zool., n.s., vol.27 p.17			N Brazil, south of Amazon, between Rios Xingu and Tocantins, south to Serra dos Carajás and Rio Itacaiuna.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Vulnerable as C. satanus utahickae.	Not a subspecies of C. satanas (Bonvicino et al., 2003b).	Uta Hicks Bearded Saki
12100362	Pithecia	Desmarest 1804	GENUS					Pithecia	Pitheciidae	Primates	Tabl. Meth. Hist. Nat., in Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat. vol.24 p.8	Simia pithecia Linnaeus, 1766.	Calletrix  Fleming, 1822 [lapsus]; Yarkea Lesson, 1840.			Revised by Hershkovitz (1987d).	
12100363	Pithecia aequatorialis	Hershkovitz 1987	SPECIES			aequatorialis		Pithecia	Pitheciidae	Primates	Am. J. Primatol. vol.12 p.429			Napo (Ecuador) to Loreto (Peru).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Based upon specimens included by Hershkovitz (1979) in P. monachus.	Equatorial Saki
12100364	Pithecia albicans	Gray 1860	SPECIES			albicans		Pithecia	Pitheciidae	Primates	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1860 p.231			South bank of Amazon, between lower Jurua and lower Purús Rivers.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Separated from monachus by Hershkovitz (1979, 1987d).	White-footed Saki
12100383	Alouatta macconnelli	Linnaeus 1766	SPECIES			macconnelli		Alouatta	Atelidae	Primates	Syst. Nat., 12th ed. vol.1 p.37		insulanus Elliot, 1910.	Trinidad; Guyana, French Guiana, and Brazil north of the lower and Middle Amazon.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Vulnerable as A. seniculus insulanus.	A. seniculus species group. Separated from A. seniculus by Groves (2001c).	Guyanan Red Howler
12100366	Pithecia monachus	É. Geoffroy 1812	SPECIES			monachus		Pithecia	Pitheciidae	Primates	Rec. Observ. Zool. vol.1 p.359		guapo  Schinz, 1844; hirsuta Spix, 1823; inusta Spix, 1823; napensis Lönnberg, 1938; milleri J. A. Allen, 1914.	West of Rio Jurua and Rio Japura-Caqueta (in Brazil), Colombia, Ecuador and Peru.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Vulnerable as P. m. milleri, Data Deficient as P. m. napensis, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	Does not include albicans, see Hershkovitz (1979). Includes hirsuta, see Hershkovitz (1987d).	Monk Saki
12100367	Pithecia monachus subsp. monachus	É. Geoffroy 1812	SUBSPECIES		monachus	monachus		Pithecia	Pitheciidae	Primates	Rec. Observ. Zool. vol.1 p.359						
12100369	Pithecia pithecia	Linnaeus 1766	SPECIES			pithecia		Pithecia	Pitheciidae	Primates	Syst. Nat., 12th ed. vol.1 p.40		adusta Olfers, 1818; capillamentosa Spix, 1823; leucocephala (Audebert, 1797); ochrocephala Kuhl, 1820; pogonias Gray, 1842; rufibarbata Kuhl, 1820; rufiventer (É. Geoffroy, 1812); saki Muirhead, 1819; chrysocephala I. Geoffroy, 1850; lotichiusi Mertens, 1925.	Guyana; French Guiana; Surinam; N Amazon, east of Río Negro and Rio Orinoco (N Brazil, S Venezuela).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		White-faced Saki
12100370	Pithecia pithecia subsp. pithecia	Linnaeus 1766	SUBSPECIES		pithecia	pithecia		Pithecia	Pitheciidae	Primates	Syst. Nat., 12th ed. vol.1 p.40						
12100371	Pithecia pithecia subsp. chrysocephala	I. Geoffroy 1850	SUBSPECIES		chrysocephala	pithecia		Pithecia	Pitheciidae	Primates							
12100372	Atelidae	Gray 1825	FAMILY						Atelidae	Primates	Ann. Philos., n.s. vol.10 p.338						
12100373	Alouattinae	Trouessart 1897	SUBFAMILY						Atelidae	Primates	Cat. Mamm. Viv. Foss. p.32		Mycetinae Gray, 1825.			Groves (2001c) used Mycetinae, but had overlooked the fact that Simpson (1945) had replaced Mycetinae with Alouattinae: see Brandon-Jones and Groves (2003).	
12100374	Alouatta	Lacépède 1799	GENUS					Alouatta	Atelidae	Primates	Tabl. Div. Subd. Orders Genres Mammifères p.4	Simia belzebul Linnaeus, 1766.	Mycetes  Illiger, 1811; Stentor É. Geoffroy, 1812.			Includes the following species groups according to Groves (2001c): (1) A. palliata group (palliata, pigra, coibensis), (2) A. seniculus group (seniculus, macconnelli, sara, belzebul, nigerrima, guariba), and (3) A. caraya group (caraya only).	
12100375	Alouatta belzebul	Linnaeus 1766	SPECIES			belzebul		Alouatta	Atelidae	Primates	Syst. Nat., 12th ed. vol.1 p.37		beelzebub  (Bechstein, 1800);discolor (Spix, 1823); flavimanus (Bates, 1863); mexianae (Hagmann, 1908); rufimanus (Kuhl, 1820); tapojozensis Lönnberg, 1941; ululata Elliot, 1912.	N Brazil (mainly south of Lower Amazon, east of Rio Madeira); Mexiana Isl (Brazil); in Pará Prov. (Brazil), north of Amazon.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Critically Endangered as A. b. ululata, otherwise Lower Risk (lc) as A. belezebul (sic).	A. seniculus species group. Does not include nigerrima (Groves, 2001c).	Red-handed Howler
12100376	Alouatta caraya	Humboldt 1812	SPECIES			caraya		Alouatta	Atelidae	Primates	Rec. Observ. Zool. vol.1 p.355		barbatus (Spix, 1823); niger (É. Geoffroy, 1812); straminea (Humboldt, 1812).	N Argentina to Mato Grosso (Brazil), Bolivia (see Anderson, 1997).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	A. caraya species group. For the inclusion of straminea in this species, not in A. seniculus, see Rylands and Brandon-Jones (1988).	Black Howler
12100377	Alouatta coibensis	Thomas 1902	SPECIES			coibensis		Alouatta	Atelidae	Primates	Novit. Zool. vol.9 p.135		trabeata  Lawrence, 1933.	Coiba Isl and Azuero Penninsula, Panama.	CITES  Appendix I; IUCN  Critically Endangered as A. c. trabeata, otherwise Endangered.	A. palliata species group. Recognized as a full species by Froehlich and Froehlich (1987).	Coiba Island Howler
12100378	Alouatta coibensis subsp. coibensis	Thomas 1902	SUBSPECIES		coibensis	coibensis		Alouatta	Atelidae	Primates	Novit. Zool. vol.9 p.135						
12100379	Alouatta coibensis subsp. trabeata	Lawrence 1933	SUBSPECIES		trabeata	coibensis		Alouatta	Atelidae	Primates							
12100380	Alouatta guariba	Humboldt 1812	SPECIES			guariba		Alouatta	Atelidae	Primates	Rec. Observ. Zool. vol.1 p.pl. 30		?beniensis  Lönnberg, 1941; bicolor (Gray, 1845); fusca (É. Geoffroy, 1812); ursinus (É. Geoffroy, 1812: plate only, not text); clamitans Cabrera, 1940; iheringi Lönnberg, 1941.	N Bolivia (?- beniensis); SE and EC Brazil, north to the Rio São Francisco.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Critically Endangered as A. g. guariba, otherwise Vulnerable.	A. seniculus species group. A. guariba (Humboldt, 1812) is the correct name for this species, not fusca (Rylands and Brandon-Jones, 1988). A. "fusca" beniensis may actually be A. seniculus (Mittermeier et al., 1988:13-75).	Brown Howler
12100384	Alouatta nigerrima	Lönnberg 1941	SPECIES			nigerrima		Alouatta	Atelidae	Primates	Ark. f. Zool., 33A vol.10 p.33			N Brazil, east of the Rio Trombetas to the Rio Tapajos, perhaps to the Rio Tocantins.	CITES  Appendix II.	A. seniculus species group. Separated from A. belzebul by Groves (2001c).	Amazon Black Howler
12100531	Macaca assamensis subsp. assamensis	M'Clelland 1839 "1840"	SUBSPECIES		assamensis	assamensis		Macaca	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1839 p.148						
12100385	Alouatta palliata	Gray 1848 "1849"	SPECIES			palliata		Alouatta	Atelidae	Primates	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1848 p.138		aequatorialis Festa, 1903; inclamax Thomas, 1913; inconsonans Goldman, 1913; matagalpae J. A. Allen, 1908; mexicana Merriam, 1902; niger (Thomas, 1880); quichua Thomas, 1913.	W Ecuador to Veracruz and Oaxaca (Mexico).	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Vulnerable as A. p. mexicana, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	A. palliata species group. Subspecies are probably recognizable in this species, but further study is needed (Groves, 2001c).	Mantled Howler
12100386	Alouatta pigra	Lawrence 1933	SPECIES			pigra		Alouatta	Atelidae	Primates	Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. vol.75 p.333		luctuosa Lawrence, 1833.	Yucatan and Chiapas (Mexico) to Belize and Guatemala.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Threatened; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	A. palliata species group. The name villosa (Gray, 1845), has been applied to this species (see Napier, 1976:76) but Lawrence (1933) regarded it as a nomen dubium; see Smith (1970:366) and Hall (1981:260, 263).	Guatemalan Black Howler
12100387	Alouatta sara	Elliot 1910	SPECIES			sara		Alouatta	Atelidae	Primates	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.5 p.283			Bolivia (Sara Province), Peru, and Brazil to the Rio Negro and Rondônia.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	A. seniculus species group. Separated from A. seniculus by Minezawa et al. (1985).	Bolivian Red Howler
12100452	Cercopithecus ascanius subsp. schmidti	Matschie 1892	SUBSPECIES		schmidti	ascanius		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100388	Alouatta seniculus	Linnaeus 1766	SPECIES			seniculus		Alouatta	Atelidae	Primates	Syst. Nat., 12th ed. vol.1 p.37		?auratus  (Gray, 1845); bogotensis J. A. Allen, 1914; caquetensis J. A. Allen, 1914; caucensis J. A. Allen, 1904; chrysurus (I. Geoffroy, 1829); ?laniger (Gray, 1845); rubicunda J. A. Allen, 1904; arctoidea Cabrera, 1940; ursina (Humboldt, 1815) [not of Kerr 1792]; juara Elliot, 1910; amazonica Lönnberg, 1941; juruana Lönnberg, 1941; puruensis Lönnberg, 1941.	Colombia to Venezuela and NW Brazil.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient at A. s. amazonica, A. s. juara, and A. s. puruensis, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	A. seniculus species group. Does not include sara (Minezawa et al., 1985), straminea (Rylands and Brandon-Jones, 1998), or macconnelli (Groves, 2001c).	Venezuelan Red Howler
12100389	Alouatta seniculus subsp. seniculus	Linnaeus 1766	SUBSPECIES		seniculus	seniculus		Alouatta	Atelidae	Primates	Syst. Nat., 12th ed. vol.1 p.37						
12100390	Alouatta seniculus subsp. arctoidea	Cabrera 1940	SUBSPECIES		arctoidea	seniculus		Alouatta	Atelidae	Primates							
12100391	Alouatta seniculus subsp. juara	Elliot 1910	SUBSPECIES		juara	seniculus		Alouatta	Atelidae	Primates							
12100392	Atelinae	Gray 1825	SUBFAMILY						Atelidae	Primates	Ann. Philos., n.s. vol.10 p.338					Combined with Alouattinae as family Atelidae by Rosenberger (1977). Divided into subtribes Atelina (Ateles only) and Brachytelina (Lagothrix, Brachyteles) by Goodman et al. (1998), who did not study Oreonax.	
12100393	Ateles	É. Geoffroy 1806	GENUS					Ateles	Atelidae	Primates	Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.1 p.262	Simia paniscus Linnaeus, 1758.	Ameranthropoides  Montandon, 1929; Montaneia Ameghino, 1911; Paniscus Rafinesque, 1815; Sapajou Lacépède, 1799.			All Ateles were considered conspecific by Hernández-Camacho and Cooper (1976:66).	
12100394	Ateles belzebuth	É. Geoffroy 1806	SPECIES			belzebuth		Ateles	Atelidae	Primates	Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.7 p.27		bartlettii Gray, 1867; braccatus Pelzeln, 1883; brissonii (Fischer, 1829); chuva Schlegel, 1876; fuliginosus Kuhl, 1820; variegatus Wagner, 1840	Cordillera Oriental, Colombia to Venezuela and N Peru.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Vulnerable.	Does not include hybridus or marginatus (Groves, 2001c).	White-fronted Spider Monkey
12100395	Ateles chamek	Humboldt 1812	SPECIES			chamek		Ateles	Atelidae	Primates	Rec. Observ. Zool. vol.1 p.353		longimembris J. A. Allen, 1914; peruvianus Lönnberg, 1940.	NE Peru, E Bolivia to Brazil west of Rio Juruá and south of Rio Solimões.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Separated from paniscus by Groves (1989).	Peruvian Spider Monkey
12100396	Ateles fusciceps	Gray 1865 "1866"	SPECIES			fusciceps		Ateles	Atelidae	Primates	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1865 p.733		rufiventris Sclater, 1872; dariensis Goldman, 1915; robustus J. A. Allen, 1914.	SE Panama to Ecuador, Colombia to W Cordillera (Paraguay).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Critically Endangered as A. geoffroyi fusciceps, Vulnerable as A. g. rufiventris.		Black-headed Spider Monkey
12100397	Ateles fusciceps subsp. fusciceps	Gray 1865 "1866"	SUBSPECIES		fusciceps	fusciceps		Ateles	Atelidae	Primates	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1865 p.733						
12100398	Ateles fusciceps subsp. rufiventris	Sclater 1872	SUBSPECIES		rufiventris	fusciceps		Ateles	Atelidae	Primates							
12100416	Lagothrix lugens	Elliot 1907	SPECIES			lugens		Lagothrix	Atelidae	Primates	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.20 p.193			Colombia, headwaters of Orinoco tributaries; Venezuela, Sarare River drainage.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Vulnerable.		Colombian Woolly Monkey
12100399	Ateles geoffroyi	Kuhl 1820	SPECIES			geoffroyi		Ateles	Atelidae	Primates	Beitr. Zool. Vergl. Anat. vol.1 p.26		frontatus (Gray, 1842); melanochir Desmarest, 1820; trianguligera Weinland, 1862; grisescens Gray, 1866; cucullatus Gray, 1866; ornatus Gray, 1870; azuerensis Bole, 1937; panamensis Kellogg and Golman, 1944; vellerosus Gray, 1866; neglectus Reinhardt, 1873; pan Schlegel, 1876; tricolor Hollister, 1914; yucatanensis Kellogg and Goldman, 1944.	S Mexico to Panama.	CITES  Appendix I and U.S. ESA  Endangered as A. g. frontatus and A. g. panamensis only, otherwise CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Critically Endangered as A. g. azuerensis, Endangered as A. g. grisescens and A. g. panamensis, Vulnerable as A. g. ornatus, A. g. yucatanensis, and A. g. frontatus, Lower Risk (lc) as A. g. vellerosus.		Geoffroys Spider Monkey
12100400	Ateles geoffroyi subsp. geoffroyi	Kuhl 1820	SUBSPECIES		geoffroyi	geoffroyi		Ateles	Atelidae	Primates	Beitr. Zool. Vergl. Anat. vol.1 p.26						
12100401	Ateles geoffroyi subsp. grisescens	Gray 1866	SUBSPECIES		grisescens	geoffroyi		Ateles	Atelidae	Primates							
12100402	Ateles geoffroyi subsp. ornatus	Gray 1870	SUBSPECIES		ornatus	geoffroyi		Ateles	Atelidae	Primates							
12100403	Ateles geoffroyi subsp. vellerosus	Gray 1866	SUBSPECIES		vellerosus	geoffroyi		Ateles	Atelidae	Primates							
12100404	Ateles geoffroyi subsp. yucatanensis	Kellogg and Goldman 1944	SUBSPECIES		yucatanensis	geoffroyi		Ateles	Atelidae	Primates							
12100453	Cercopithecus ascanius subsp. whitesidei	Thomas 1909	SUBSPECIES		whitesidei	ascanius		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100405	Ateles hybridus	I. Geoffroy 1829	SPECIES			hybridus		Ateles	Atelidae	Primates	Mem. Mus. Paris vol.17 p.168		albifrons Gray, 1870; brunneus Gray, 1870; loysi (Montandon, 1929).	N Colombia and NW Venezuela.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Endangered as A. h. hybridus and A. h. brunneus.	Separated from belzebuth by Froehlich et al. (1991). Rylands et al. (2000) recognized brunneus as a subspecies.	Brown Spider Monkey
12100406	Ateles marginatus	É. Geoffroy 1809	SPECIES			marginatus		Ateles	Atelidae	Primates	Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.13 p.97		frontalis  Bennett, 1831.	South of Lower Amazon, Rio Tapajós to Rio Tocantins (Brazil).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Endangered.	Separated from belzebuth by Groves (1989).	White-cheeked Spider Monkey
12100407	Ateles paniscus	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			paniscus		Ateles	Atelidae	Primates	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.26		ater  F. Cuvier, 1823; cayennensis (Fischer, 1829); pentadactylus É. Geoffroy, 1806; subpentadactylus Desmarest, 1820; surinamensis (Fischer, 1829).	Guianas and Brazil, north of the Amazon (east of Rio Negro).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Red-faced Spider Monkey
12100408	Brachyteles	Spix 1823	GENUS					Brachyteles	Atelidae	Primates	Sim. Vespert. Brasil. p.36	Brachyteles macrotarsus Spix, 1823 (= Ateles arachnoides É. Geoffroy, 1806).	Eriodes  I. Geoffroy, 1829.				
12100409	Brachyteles arachnoides	É. Geoffroy 1806	SPECIES			arachnoides		Brachyteles	Atelidae	Primates	Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.7 p.271		eriodes Brehm, 1876; macrotarsus Spix, 1823; tuberifer (I. Geoffroy, 1829).	SE Brazil: states of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Critically Endangered.		Southern Muriqui
12100410	Brachyteles hypoxanthus	Kuhl 1820	SPECIES			hypoxanthus		Brachyteles	Atelidae	Primates	Beitr. Zool. vol.1820 p.25		hemidactylus (I. Geoffroy, 1829).	E Brazil: Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espiritu Santo.	CITES  Appendix I as included in B. arachnoides; U.S. ESA  Endangered as included in B. arachnoides; IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Separated from B. arachnoides by Rylands et al. (1995).	Northern Muriqui
12100411	Lagothrix	É. Geoffroy 1812	GENUS					Lagothrix	Atelidae	Primates	In Humboldt, Rec. Observ. Zool. vol.1 p.356	Lagothrix humboldtii É. Geoffroy, 1812 (= Simia lagothricha Humboldt, 1812).	Gastrimargus  Spix, 1823.			Does not include flavicauda; divided into four species by Groves (2001c).	
12100412	Lagothrix cana	É. Geoffroy 1812	SPECIES			cana		Lagothrix	Atelidae	Primates	Rec. Observ. Zool. vol.1 p.354		olivaceus (Spix, 1823); puruensis Lönnberg, 1940; ubericola Elliot, 1909; tschudii Pucheran, 1857; nigra J. A. Allen, 1900; thomasi Elliot, 1909.	Brazil, south of Amazon; southern highlands of Peru; an isolated population in northern Bolivia.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Vulnerable as L. c. cana and L. c. tschudii.	Wallace and Painter (1999) recorded a southern range extension for this species in Madidi National Park, Bolivia; the description corresponds to L. c. tschudii according to Rylands et al. (2000).	Gray Woolly Monkey
12100413	Lagothrix cana subsp. cana	É. Geoffroy 1812	SUBSPECIES		cana	cana		Lagothrix	Atelidae	Primates	Rec. Observ. Zool. vol.1 p.354						
12100414	Lagothrix cana subsp. tschudii	Pucheran 1857	SUBSPECIES		tschudii	cana		Lagothrix	Atelidae	Primates							
12100442	Cercopithecus albogularis subsp. labiatus	I. Geoffroy 1842	SUBSPECIES		labiatus	albogularis		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100417	Lagothrix poeppigii	Schinz 1844	SPECIES			poeppigii		Lagothrix	Atelidae	Primates	Syst. Verz. Säug. vol.1 p.72		castelnaui I. Geoffroy and Deville, 1848.	Highlands of E Ecuador and N Peru, to about 70°W, 5°S in Brazil.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Vulnerable.		Silvery Woolly Monkey
12100418	Oreonax	Thomas 1927	GENUS					Oreonax	Atelidae	Primates	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.19 p.156	Lagothrix (Oreonax) hendeei Thomas, 1927 (= Simia flavicauda Humboldt, 1812).				Separated from Lagothrix by Groves (2001c).	
12100419	Oreonax flavicauda	Humboldt 1812	SPECIES			flavicauda		Oreonax	Atelidae	Primates	Rec. Observ. Zool. vol.1 p.363		hendeei  (Thomas, 1927).	E Andes in San Martin (Peru) and Amazonas (Brazil).	CITES  Appendix I as Lagothrix flavicauda; U.S. ESA  Endangered as L. flavicauda; IUCN  Critically Endangered.		Yellow-tailed Woolly Monkey
12100420	Cercopithecoidea	Gray 1821	SUPERFAMILY							Primates	London Med. Repos. vol.15 p.297						
12100421	Cercopithecidae	Gray 1821	FAMILY						Cercopithecidae	Primates	London Med. Repos. vol.15 p.297					Hill (in Honacki et al., 1982:230) and Groves (1989) divided this family into the Colobidae and Cercopithecidae.	
12100422	Cercopithecinae	Gray 1821	SUBFAMILY						Cercopithecidae	Primates	London Med. Repos. vol.15 p.297		Cercocebini Jolly, 1966; Cynopithecinae Osman Hill, 1966; Macacidae Owen, 1843; Papinae Chiarelli, 1966; Papioninae Burnett, 1828; Theropithecini Jolly, 1966.			Divided by Groves (2001c) into two tribes: Cercopithecini (Allenopithecus, Cercopithecus, Chlorocebus, Erythrocebus, Miopithecus) and Papionini (Cercocebus, Lophocebus, Macaca, Mandrillus, Papio, Theropithecus).	
12100423	Allenopithecus	Lang 1923	GENUS					Allenopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.87 p.1	Cercopithecus nigroviridis Pocock, 1907.				Separated from Cercopithecus by Thorington and Groves (1970:638), Szalay and Delson (1979), and Groves (1989, 2001c).	
12100424	Allenopithecus nigroviridis	Pocock 1907	SPECIES			nigroviridis		Allenopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1907 p.739			NW Dem. Rep. Congo, NE Angola.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).		Allens Swamp Monkey
12100425	Cercocebus	É. Geoffroy 1812	GENUS					Cercocebus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.19 p.97	Cercocebus fuliginosus É. Geoffroy, 1812 (= Simia (Cercopithecus) aethiops torquatus Kerr, 1792).	Aethiops  Martin, 1841; Leptocebus Trouessart, 1904.			Van Gelder (1977b:8) and Groves (1978b) included Cercocebus in Cercopithecus. Goodman et al. (1998) included Mandrillus as a subgenus of Cercocebus. McKenna and Bell (1997) continued to include Lophocebus in Cercocebus, although the combined genus is clearly not monophyletc (Groves, 2001c).	
12100426	Cercocebus agilis	Milne-Edwards 1886	SPECIES			agilis		Cercocebus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Rev. Scient. vol.12 p.15		fumosus  Matschie, 1914; hagenbecki Lydekker, 1900; oberlaenderi Lorenz, 1915.	Equatorial Guinea (Rio Muni), Cameroon, NE Gabon, Central African Republic, N Republic of Congo, Dem. Rep. Congo N of Congo River to Garamba and Semliki River.	CITES  Appendix II.	Does not include chrysogaster. Separated from galeritus by Groves (1978b).	Agile Mangabey
12100427	Cercocebus atys	Audebert 1797	SPECIES			atys		Cercocebus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Hist. Nat. Singes Makis vol.4 2 p.13		aethiopicus  F. Cuvier, 1821; aethiops (Schreber, 1775) [not of Linnaeus, 1758]; fuliginosus É. Geoffroy, 1812; lunulatus (Temminick, 1853).	Senegal to Ghana.	CITES  Appendix II; U.S. ESA  Endangered as included in C. torquatus; IUCN  Critically Endangered as C. a. lunulatus, otherwise Lower Risk (nt).	The subspecies lunulatus appears strongly distinct, and may be a separate species (Groves, 2001c:242-3). Separated from torquatus by Groves (2001c:242).	Sooty Mangabey
12100428	Cercocebus atys subsp. atys	Audebert 1797	SUBSPECIES		atys	atys		Cercocebus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Hist. Nat. Singes Makis vol.4 2 p.13						
12100429	Cercocebus atys subsp. lunulatus	Temminick 1853	SUBSPECIES		lunulatus	atys		Cercocebus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100430	Cercocebus chrysogaster	Lydekker 1900	SPECIES			chrysogaster		Cercocebus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Novit. Zool. vol.7 p.279			Dem. Rep. Congo, south of Congo River.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient as C. galeritus chrysogaster.	Separated from agilis by Groves (2001c:243).	Golden-bellied Mangabey
12100431	Cercocebus galeritus	Peters 1879	SPECIES			galeritus		Cercocebus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1879 p.830			Lower Tana River (Kenya).	CITES  Appendix I as C. g. galeritus; U.S. ESA  Endangered as C. g. galeritus; IUCN  Critically Endangered as C. g. galeritus.	Formerly included agilis; but see Groves (1978b).	Tana River Mangabey
12100432	Cercocebus sanjei	Mittermeier 1986	SPECIES			sanjei		Cercocebus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	InElse and Lee (eds.), Primate Ecology and Conservation p.338			Tanzania, Mwanihana Forest and eastern slopes of Uzungwa Mtns.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Endangered as C. galeritus sanjei.		Sanje Mangabey
12100433	Cercocebus torquatus	Kerr 1792	SPECIES			torquatus		Cercocebus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	In Linnaeus, Anim. Kingdom p.67		collaris  Gray, 1843; crossi Gray, 1843.	W Nigeria to Gabon.	CITES  Appendix II; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Does not include atys, pace Dandelot (1974:12) and Groves (1978b): see Groves (2001c:242).	Collared Mangabey
12100454	Cercopithecus campbelli	Waterhouse 1838	SPECIES			campbelli		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1838 p.61		burnettii Gray, 1842; monella Gray, 1870; ?temminickii Ogilby, 1838.	Senegal to Cavally River (Liberia  Côte dIvoire border).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	C. mona species group. McAllan and Bruce (1989) argued that the original publication of this species should be: The Analyst, 24:298-299 [publ. 2 July 1838]. Does not include lowei: see Kingdon (1997).	Campbells Mona Monkey
12100471	Cercopithecus hamlyni subsp. kahuziensis	Colyn and Verheyen 1988	SUBSPECIES		kahuziensis	hamlyni		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100488	Cercopithecus petaurista subsp. petaurista	Schreber 1774	SUBSPECIES		petaurista	petaurista		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Die Säugethiere vol.1 p.97, 185						
12100434	Cercopithecus	Linnaeus 1758	GENUS					Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.26	Simia diana Linnaeus, 1758.	Allochrocebus  Elliot, 1913; Cercocephalus Temminck, 1853; Diademia Reichenbach, 1862; Diana Trouessart, 1878 [not of Risso, 1826]; Insignicebus Elliot, 1913; Lasiopyga Illiger, 1811; Melanocebus Elliot, 1913; Mona Reichenbach, 1862; Monichus Oken, 1816 [unavailable]; Neocebus Elliot, 1913; Otopithecus Trouessart, 1897; Petaurista Reichenbach, 1862 [not of Link, 1795]; Pogonocebus Trouessart, 1904; Rhinosticteus Trouessart, 1897; Rhinostigma Elliot, 1913.			Dandelot (1974:14) included Allenopithecus, Erythrocebus, and Miopithecus in this genus; but see Groves (1978b) and Corbet and Hill (1980:89) who considered them to be distinct genera; Szalay and Delson (1979) and McKenna and Bell (1997) considered Miopithecus a subgenus of Cercopithecus. Van Gelder (1977b:8) included Cercocebus, Papio, and Theropithecus in this genus, but see Groves (1978b), Ansell (1978:33), and Cronin and Meikle (1979:259). Chlorocebus was separated by Groves (1989). Designated as a subgroup of Simia by Linnaeus; type species S. diana designated by Stiles and Orleman (1926:52). Simia was suppressed by Opinion 114 of the International Commision on Zoological Nomenclature (1929b). The species groups are: (1) C. dryas group (monotypic), (2) C. diana group (diana, roloway), (3) C. mitis group (nictitans, mitis,<... [truncated]	
12100435	Cercopithecus albogularis	Sykes 1831	SPECIES			albogularis		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Proc. Committee Sci. Correspondance Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1 p.106		albotorquatus  Pousargues, 1896; rufotinctus Pocock, 1907; erythrarchus Peters, 1852; beirensis Pocock, 1907; mossambicus Pocock, 1907; nyasae Schwarz, 1928; stairsi Sclater, 1892; stevensoni Roberts, 1948; francescae Thomas, 1902; kibonotensis Lönnberg, 1908; kima (Heller, 1913); maritima (Heller, 1913); kolbi Neumann, 1902; hindei Pocock, 1907; nubilus Dollman, 1910; labiatus I. Geoffroy, 1842; chimango Temminck, 1853; samango Wahlberg, 1845; moloneyi Sclater, 1893; monoides I. Geoffroy, 1841; rufilatus Pocock, 1907; phylax Schwarz, 1927; schwarzi Roberts, 1931; zammaranoi de Beaux, 1924.	Ethiopia to South Africa, S and E Dem. Rep. Congo, NW Angola.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Endangered as C. mitis labiatus, Data Deficient as C. m. albotorquatus, Lower Risk (lc) as C. m. albogularis, otherwise not listed.	C. mitis species group. Separated from C. mitis by Dandelot (1974:19).	Sykes Monkey
12100436	Cercopithecus albogularis subsp. albogularis	Sykes 1831	SUBSPECIES		albogularis	albogularis		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Proc. Committee Sci. Correspondance Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1 p.106						
12100437	Cercopithecus albogularis subsp. albotorquatus	Pousargues 1896	SUBSPECIES		albotorquatus	albogularis		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100438	Cercopithecus albogularis subsp. erythrarchus	Peters 1852	SUBSPECIES		erythrarchus	albogularis		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100439	Cercopithecus albogularis subsp. francescae	Thomas 1902	SUBSPECIES		francescae	albogularis		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100440	Cercopithecus albogularis subsp. kibonotensis	Lönnberg 1908	SUBSPECIES		kibonotensis	albogularis		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
13700469	Sorex bairdi subsp. permiliensis	Jackson 1918	SUBSPECIES		permiliensis	bairdi	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
12100446	Cercopithecus albogularis subsp. schwarzi	Roberts 1931	SUBSPECIES		schwarzi	albogularis		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100447	Cercopithecus albogularis subsp. zammaranoi	de Beaux 1924	SUBSPECIES		zammaranoi	albogularis		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100483	Cercopithecus neglectus	Schlegel 1876	SPECIES			neglectus		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Mus. Hist. Nat. Pays-Bas. Simiae p.70		brazzae Milne-Edwards, 1886; brazziformis Pocock, 1907; ezrae Pocock, 1908; uellensis Lönnberg, 1919.	SE Cameroon to Uganda and N Angola, W Kenya, SW Ethiopia, and S Sudan.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	C. neglectus species group.	De Brazzas Monkey
12100448	Cercopithecus ascanius	Audebert 1799	SPECIES			ascanius		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Hist. Nat. Singes Makis vol.4 2 p.13		histrio Reichenbach, 1863; melanogenys Gray, 1845; picturatus Santos, 1886; atrinasus Machado, 1965; katangae Lönnberg, 1919; schmidti Matschie, 1892; enkamer Matschie, 1913; ituriensis Lorenz, 1914; kaimosae (Heller, 1913); montanus Lorenz, 1914; mpangae Matschie, 1913; orientalis Lorenz, 1919; rutschuricus Lorenz, 1917; sassae Matschie, 1913; whitesidei Thomas, 1909; cirrhorhinus Matschie, 1913; kassaicus Matschie, 1913; omissus Matschie, 1913; pelorhinus Matschie, 1913.	Uganda, Dem. Rep. Congo, Zambia, Angola, marginally in Central African Republic; W Kenya.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	C. cephus species group.	Red-tailed Monkey
12100455	Cercopithecus cephus	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			cephus		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.27		buccalis Leconte, 1857; inobservatus Elliot, 1927; pulcher Lorenz, 1915; cephodes Pocock, 1907; gabonensis Maclatchy and Malbrant, 1947; ngottoensis Colyn, 1999.	Gabon, Republic of Congo, S Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, SW Central African Republic, NW Angola.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient as C. c. ngottoensis, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	C. cephus species group. Includes erythrotis according to Struhsaker (1970:374-376); but see Dandelot (1974:23).	Moustached Guenon
12100456	Cercopithecus cephus subsp. cephus	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		cephus	cephus		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.27						
12100457	Cercopithecus cephus subsp. cephodes	Pocock 1907	SUBSPECIES		cephodes	cephus		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100458	Cercopithecus cephus subsp. ngottoensis	Colyn 1999	SUBSPECIES		ngottoensis	cephus		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100459	Cercopithecus denti	Thomas 1907	SPECIES			denti		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1907 38 p.1		liebrechtsi Dubois and Matschie, 1912.	Dem. Rep. Congo north and east of Congo-Lualaba system, Rwanda, W Uganda, Central African Republic.	CITES  Appendix II.	C. mona species group. Included in C. wolfi by Dandelot (1974:25); provisionally separated by Groves (2001c).	Dents Mona Monkey
12100460	Cercopithecus diana	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			diana		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.26		faunus  (Linnaeus, 1766); ignita Gray, 1870.	Sierra Leone to Sassandra River, Côte dIvoire.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Endangered.	C. diana species group. Type species; see comment under Cercopithecus. Does not include roloway, pace Dandelot (1974:25); see Groves (2001c:205).	Diana Monkey
12100461	Cercopithecus doggetti	Pocock 1907	SPECIES			doggetti		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1907 p.691		sibatoi (Lorenz, 1913).	Highlands of Dem. Rep. Congo west of Lake Albert and Lake Tanganyika, to S Burundi, NW Tanzania (Bukoba), Rwanda, S Uganda (Ankole, Busenya, Kaiso).	CITES  Appendix II.	C. mitis species group. Separated from C. mitis by Groves (2001c:208).	Silver Monkey
12100462	Cercopithecus dryas	Schwartz 1932	SPECIES			dryas		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. vol.21 p.251		salongo  Thys van den Audenaerde, 1977.	Known only from a few localities in C Dem. Rep. Congo (Wamba Dist., 22°31'-33°E, and 0°01'N-0°01'S); see Kuroda et al. (1985, as Cercopithecus salongo).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient.	C. dryas species group. Not a subspecies of diana; possibly related to Chlorocebus aethiops; see Thys van den Audenaerde (1977:1007), Groves (2001c:204). C. salongo is an age-variant of this species, see Colyn et al. (1991).	Dryas Monkey
12100463	Cercopithecus erythrogaster	Gray 1866	SPECIES			erythrogaster		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1866 p.169		pococki  Grubb, Lernould and Oates, 1999.	S Nigeria, both west and east of the Niger in the delta region; Benin.	CITES  Appendix II; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Endangered as C. e. erythrogaster and C. e. pococki.	C. cephus species group.	White-throated Guenon
12100464	Cercopithecus erythrogaster subsp. erythrogaster	Gray 1866	SUBSPECIES		erythrogaster	erythrogaster		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1866 p.169						
12100465	Cercopithecus erythrogaster subsp. pococki	Grubb, Lernould and Oates 1999	SUBSPECIES		pococki	erythrogaster		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100543	Macaca fascicularis subsp. tua	Kellogg 1944	SUBSPECIES		tua	fascicularis		Macaca	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100544	Macaca fascicularis subsp. umbrosus	Miller 1902	SUBSPECIES		umbrosus	fascicularis		Macaca	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100502	Cercopithecus wolfi subsp. wolfi	A. Meyer 1891	SUBSPECIES		wolfi	wolfi		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Notes Leyden Mus. vol.13 p.63						
12100503	Cercopithecus wolfi subsp. elegans	Dubois and Matschie 1912	SUBSPECIES		elegans	wolfi		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100466	Cercopithecus erythrotis	Waterhouse 1838	SPECIES			erythrotis		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1838 p.59		camerunensis  Hayman, 1940.	S and E Nigeria, Cameroon coast, Bioko.	CITES  Appendix II; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Endangered as C. c. erythrotis, otherwise Vulnerable.	C. cephus species group. Considered a subspecies of cephus by Struhsaker (1970:374-376); but also see Dandelot (1974:23). McAllan and Bruce (1989) argued that the original publication of this species should be: The Analyst, 24:298-299 [publ. 2 July 1838].	Red-eared Guenon
12100467	Cercopithecus erythrotis subsp. erythrotis	Waterhouse 1838	SUBSPECIES		erythrotis	erythrotis		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1838 p.59						
12100468	Cercopithecus erythrotis subsp. camerunensis	Hayman 1940	SUBSPECIES		camerunensis	erythrotis		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100469	Cercopithecus hamlyni	Pocock 1907	SPECIES			hamlyni		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.20 p.521		aurora  Thomas and Wroughton, 1910; kahuziensis Colyn and Verheyen, 1988.	E Dem. Rep. Congo, Rwanda.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Endangered as C. h. kahuziensis, otherwise Lower Risk (nt).	C. hamlyni species group.	Hamlyns Monkey
12100470	Cercopithecus hamlyni subsp. hamlyni	Pocock 1907	SUBSPECIES		hamlyni	hamlyni		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.20 p.521						
12100472	Cercopithecus kandti	Matschie 1905	SPECIES			kandti		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin p.264		insignis Elliot, 1909.	Virunga Volcanoes on Dem. Rep. Congo  Uganda  Rwanda borders; Nyungwe Forest, Rwanda.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Endangered as C. mitis kandti.	C. mitis species group. Separated from C. mitis by Groves (2001c).	Golden Monkey
12100473	Cercopithecus lhoesti	P. Sclater 1898 "1899"	SPECIES			lhoesti		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1898 p.586		rutschuricus Lorenz, 1915; thomasi Matschie, 1905.	E Dem. Rep. Congo, W Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi.	CITES  Appendix II; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	C. lhoesti species group. Does not include preussi; see Harrison (1988:562).	LHoests Monkey
12100474	Cercopithecus lowei	Thomas 1923	SPECIES			lowei		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.11 p.608			Côte dIvoire (Cavally River) to Ghana (Volta River).	CITES  Appendix II.	C. mona species group. Separated from campbelli by Kingdon (1997).	Lowes Mona Monkey
12100475	Cercopithecus mitis	Wolf 1822	SPECIES			mitis		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Abbild. Beschreib. Merkw. Naturgesch. Gegenstandes vol.2 p.145		diadematus I. Geoffroy, 1834; dilophos Ogilby, 1838; leucampyx (Fischer, 1829); nigrigenis Pocock, 1907; pluto Gray, 1848; boutourlinii Giglioli, 1887; omensis Thomas, 1901; elgonis Lönnberg, 1919; heymansi Colyn and Verheyen, 1987; opisthostictus Sclater, 1894; stuhlmanni Matschie, 1893; carruthersi Pocock, 1907; maesi Lönnberg, 1919; mauae (Heller, 1913); neumanni Matschie, 1906; otoleucus Sclater, 1902; princeps Elliot, 1909; schubotzi Matschie, 1913.	Congo-Oubangui River system (probably Itimbiri River) to East African Rift Valley, N Angola and NW Zambia.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as C. m. stuhlmanni and as C. mitis.	C. mitis species group. Does not include albogularis; pace Booth (1968); see Dandelot (1974:19). Does not include doggetti or kandti (see Groves, 2001c).	Blue Monkey
12100476	Cercopithecus mitis subsp. mitis	Wolf 1822	SUBSPECIES		mitis	mitis		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Abbild. Beschreib. Merkw. Naturgesch. Gegenstandes vol.2 p.145						
12100477	Cercopithecus mitis subsp. boutourlinii	Giglioli 1887	SUBSPECIES		boutourlinii	mitis		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100478	Cercopithecus mitis subsp. elgonis	Lönnberg 1919	SUBSPECIES		elgonis	mitis		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100479	Cercopithecus mitis subsp. heymansi	Colyn and Verheyen 1987	SUBSPECIES		heymansi	mitis		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100480	Cercopithecus mitis subsp. opisthostictus	Sclater 1894	SUBSPECIES		opisthostictus	mitis		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100481	Cercopithecus mitis subsp. stuhlmanni	Matschie 1893	SUBSPECIES		stuhlmanni	mitis		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100482	Cercopithecus mona	Schreber 1774	SPECIES			mona		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Die Säugethiere vol.1 p.103		monacha  (Schreber, 1804); monella (Schreber, 1804).	Ghana to Cameroon; introduced into Lesser Antilles (Caribbean).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	C. mona species group.	Mona Monkey
12100557	Macaca ochreata subsp. brunnescens	Matschie 1901	SUBSPECIES		brunnescens	ochreata		Macaca	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100669	Presbytis rubicunda subsp. carimatae	Miller 1906	SUBSPECIES		carimatae	rubicunda		Presbytis	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100484	Cercopithecus nictitans	Linnaeus 1766	SPECIES			nictitans		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Syst. Nat., 12th ed. vol.1 p.40		laglaizei Pocock, 1907; sticticeps Elliot, 1909; martini Waterhouse, 1838; insolitus Elliot, 1909; ludio Gray, 1849; stampflii Jentink, 1888.	Liberia; Côte dIvoire; Nigeria apparently to Itimbiri River in NW Dem. Rep. Congo, Central African Republic; Rio Muni and Bioko (Equatorial Guinea).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Critically Endangered as C. n. stampflii, Endangered as C. n. martini, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	C. mitis species group. C. signatus Jentink, 1886, probably represents a hybrid between this species and one of the cephus group (Oates, 1985).	Greater spot-nosed Monkey
12100485	Cercopithecus nictitans subsp. nictitans	Linnaeus 1766	SUBSPECIES		nictitans	nictitans		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Syst. Nat., 12th ed. vol.1 p.40						
12100486	Cercopithecus nictitans subsp. martini	Waterhouse 1838	SUBSPECIES		martini	nictitans		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100487	Cercopithecus petaurista	Schreber 1774	SPECIES			petaurista		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Die Säugethiere vol.1 p.97, 185		albinasus (Reichenbach, 1863); fantiensis Matschie, 1893; pygrius Thomas, 1923; buettikoferi Jentink, 1886.	Gambia to Togo.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	C. cephus species group.	Lesser Spot-nosed Monkey
12100489	Cercopithecus petaurista subsp. buettikoferi	Jentink 1886	SUBSPECIES		buettikoferi	petaurista		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100490	Cercopithecus pogonias	Bennett 1833	SPECIES			pogonias		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1833 p.67		grayi Fraser, 1850; erxlebeni Dallbet and Pucheran, 1856; pallidus Elliot, 1909; petronellae Büttikofer, 1911; nigripes du Chaillu, 1860; schwarzianus Schouteden, 1946; schwarzi Schouteden, 1944 [not of Roberts, 1931].	SE Nigeria, Cameroon, Bioko and Rio Muni (Equatorial Guinea), N and W Gabon, W Dem. Rep. Congo, Republic of Congo.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Endangered as C. p. pogonias, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	C. mona species group.	Crested Mona Monkey
12100491	Cercopithecus pogonias subsp. pogonias	Bennett 1833	SUBSPECIES		pogonias	pogonias		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1833 p.67						
12100492	Cercopithecus pogonias subsp. grayi	Fraser 1850	SUBSPECIES		grayi	pogonias		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100493	Cercopithecus pogonias subsp. nigripes	du Chaillu 1860	SUBSPECIES		nigripes	pogonias		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100494	Cercopithecus pogonias subsp. schwarzianus	Schouteden 1946	SUBSPECIES		schwarzianus	pogonias		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100495	Cercopithecus preussi	Matschie 1898	SPECIES			preussi		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin p.76		crossi Forbes, 1905; insularis Thomas, 1910.	Region of Mt. Cameroon; Bioko (Equatorial Guinea).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Endangered as C. p. preusii and C. p. insularis.	C. lhoesti species group. Not a subspecies of C. lhoesti; see Harrison (1988:562).	Preusss Monkey
12100496	Cercopithecus preussi subsp. preussi	Matschie 1898	SUBSPECIES		preussi	preussi		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin p.76						
12100497	Cercopithecus preussi subsp. insularis	Thomas 1910	SUBSPECIES		insularis	preussi		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100498	Cercopithecus roloway	Schreber 1774	SPECIES			roloway		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Die Säugethiere vol.1 p.186		palatinus (Wagner, 1855).	Sassandra River (Côte dIvoire) to Pra River, Ghana.	CITES  Appendix I as included in C. diana; U.S. ESA  Endangered as included in C. diana; IUCN  Critically Endangered as C. diana roloway.	C. diana species group. Separated from C. diana by Groves (2001c).	Roloway Monkey
12100499	Cercopithecus sclateri	Pocock 1904	SPECIES			sclateri		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1904 5 p.18			SE Nigeria, between Niger and Cross Rivers.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Endangered.	C. cephus species group. Recognized as a full species by Kingdon (1980:661).	Sclaters Guenon
12100500	Cercopithecus solatus	M. J. S. Harrison 1988	SPECIES			solatus		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	J. Zool. Lond. vol.215 p.562			C Gabon.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Vulnerable. Endangered.	C. lhoesti species group.	Sun-tailed Monkey
12100501	Cercopithecus wolfi	A. Meyer 1891	SPECIES			wolfi		Cercopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Notes Leyden Mus. vol.13 p.63		elegans  Dubois and Matschie, 1912; pyrogaster Lönnberg, 1919.	Dem. Rep. Congo, NE Angola, south of the Congo River.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as C. pogonius wolfi.	C. mona species group. C. denti provisionally separated as a species by Groves (2001c).	Wolfs Mona Monkey
12100504	Chlorocebus	Gray 1870	GENUS					Chlorocebus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Cat. Monkeys, Lemurs, Fruit-eating Bats Brit. Mus. p.5	Simia sabaea Linnaeus, 1766 (= Simia aethiops Linnaeus, 1758).	Callithrix Reichenbach, 1862 [not of Erxleben, 1777]; Cynocebus Gray, 1870.			Not recognized by McKenna and Bell (1997). Recognized as a full genus distinct from Cercopithecus by Groves (1989, 2001c).	
12100505	Chlorocebus aethiops	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			aethiops		Chlorocebus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.28		calliaudi (Wettstein, 1918); cano-viridis (Gray, 1843); ?cinereo-viridis (Gray, 1843); engytithia (Hermann, 1804); griseo-viridis (Desmarest, 1820); griseus (F. Cuvier, 1819); matschiei (Neumann, 1902); subviridis (F. Cuvier, 1821); toldti (Wettstein, 1916); weidholzi (Lorenz, 1922); zavattarii (de Beaux, 1943).	Sudan east of the White Nile, Eritrea, Ethiopia east to the Rift Valley.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Cercopithecus aethiops.	Does not include pygerythrus, sabaeus, djamdjamensis or tantalus (Kingdon, 1997; Groves, 2001c) or cynosuros (Groves, 2001c). According to Napier (1981), zavattarii is based on a hybrid with pygerythrus.	Grivet
12100506	Chlorocebus cynosuros	Scopoli 1786	SPECIES			cynosuros		Chlorocebus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Del. Faun. Flor. Insub. vol.1 p.44		helvescens (Thomas, 1926); katangensis (Lönnberg, 1919); lukonzolwae (Matschie, 1912); tephrops (Bennett, 1833); tholloni (Matschie, 1912); weynsi (Dubois and Matschie, 1912).	S Dem. Rep. Congo to N Namibia, Zambia west of Luangwa River.	CITES  Appendix II.	Separated from aethiops by Groves (2001c).	Malbrouck
12100507	Chlorocebus djamdjamensis	Neumann 1902	SPECIES			djamdjamensis		Chlorocebus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin p.51			Ethiopia, highlands east of Lakes Abiata, Shalla and Zway.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient as Cercopithecus aethiops djamdjamensis.	A distinctive species, first recognized (as a subspecies) as distinct from aethiops by Dandelot and Prévost (1972); raised to species rank by Kingdon (1977).	Bale Mountains Vervet
12100508	Chlorocebus pygerythrus	F. Cuvier 1821	SPECIES			pygerythrus		Chlorocebus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Hist. Nat. Mamm. vol.24 p.2		cloetei (Roberts, 1931); erythropyga (G. Cuvier, 1829); glaucus (Lichtenstein, 1811) [nomen nudum]; lalandii (I. Geoffroy, 1841); marjoriae (Bradfield, 1936); ngamiensis (Roberts, 1932); pusillus (Desmoulins, 1825); excubutor (Schwarz, 1926); voeltzkowi Matschie, 1923 [nomen nudum]; hilgerti (Neumann, 1902); arenaria (Heller, 1913); callida (Heller, 1912); contigua (Heller, 1920); ellenbecki (Neumann, 1902); johnstoni (Pocock, 1907); luteus (Elliot, 1910); rubellus (Elliot, 1909); tumbili (Heller, 1913); nesiotes (Schwarz, 1926); pembae Matschie, 1923 [nomen nudum]; nifoviridis (I. Geoffroy, 1843); centralis (Neumann, 1900); ?circumcinctus (Reichenbach, 1862); flavidus (Peters, 1852); rufoniger Gray, 1870; whytei (Pocock, 1907); silaceus (Elliot, 1909).	Ethiopia (east of Rift Valley), Somalia, to Zambia east of the Luangwa, and South Africa.	CITES  Appendix II.	Separated from aethiops as a species by Dandelot (1959), Kingdon (1997) and Groves (2001c).	Vervet Monkey
12100509	Chlorocebus pygerythrus subsp. pygerythrus	F. Cuvier 1821	SUBSPECIES		pygerythrus	pygerythrus		Chlorocebus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Hist. Nat. Mamm. vol.24 p.2						
12100510	Chlorocebus pygerythrus subsp. excubutor	Schwarz 1926	SUBSPECIES		excubutor	pygerythrus		Chlorocebus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100511	Chlorocebus pygerythrus subsp. hilgerti	Neumann 1902	SUBSPECIES		hilgerti	pygerythrus		Chlorocebus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100512	Chlorocebus pygerythrus subsp. nesiotes	Schwarz 1926	SUBSPECIES		nesiotes	pygerythrus		Chlorocebus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100513	Chlorocebus pygerythrus subsp. nifoviridis	I. Geoffroy 1843	SUBSPECIES		nifoviridis	pygerythrus		Chlorocebus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100514	Chlorocebus sabaeus	Linnaeus 1766	SPECIES			sabaeus		Chlorocebus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Syst. Nat., 12th ed. vol.1 p.38		callitrichus (I. Geoffroy, 1851); chrysurus (Blyth, 1845); werneri (I. Geoffroy, 1850).	Senegal to the Volta River; introduced to Cape Verde Isls and to St. Kitts, Nevis, and Barbados (West Indies).	CITES  Appendix II.	Separated from aethiops as a full species by Kingdon (1997) and Groves (2001c). Napier (1981) regarded chrysurus (usually placed in synonymy of C. tantalus) as a synonym of sabaeus.	Green Monkey
12100515	Chlorocebus tantalus	Ogilby 1841	SPECIES			tantalus		Chlorocebus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1841 p.33		alexandri (Pocock, 1909); graueri (Lorenz, 1914); passargei (Matschie, 1897); pousarguei (Mitchell, 1905); viridis (Schultze, 1910); budgetti (Pocock, 1907); beniana (Lorenz, 1914); griseistictus (Elliot, 1909); itimbiriensis (Matschie and Dubois, 1912); marrensis (Thomas and Hinton, 1923).	Volta River (Ghana) east to White Nile (Sudan) and Lake Turkana (Kenya).	CITES  Appendix II.	Separated from aethiops by Dandelot (1959), Kingdon (1997) and Groves (2001c).	Tantalus Monkey
12100516	Chlorocebus tantalus subsp. tantalus	Ogilby 1841	SUBSPECIES		tantalus	tantalus		Chlorocebus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1841 p.33						
12100520	Erythrocebus patas	Schreber 1775	SPECIES			patas		Erythrocebus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Die Säugethiere vol.1 p.98		albigenus Elliot, 1909; albo-fasciatus (Kerr, 1792); albosignatus (Matschie, 1912); baumstarki Matschie, 1905; circumcinctus (Reichenbach, 1863); formosus Elliot, 1909; kerstingi (Matschie, 1906); langheldi Matschie, 1905; nigro-fasciatus (Kerr, 1792); poliomystax (Matschie, 1912); poliophaeus (Heuglin, 1877); pyrrhonotus (Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1829); rubra (Gmelin, 1788); rufa (Wagner, 1839); sannio (Thomas, 1906); villiersi Dekeyser, 1950; whitei Hollister, 1910; zechi Matschie, 1905.	Savannahs, from W Africa to Ethiopia, Kenya, and Tanzania.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subspecies may exist, but at least some of the features supposed to characterize them were based on changes to the females facial pattern during pregnancy (Groves, 2001c).	Patas Monkey
12100521	Lophocebus	Palmer 1903	GENUS					Lophocebus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Science, n.s. vol.17 p.873	Presbytis albigena Gray, 1850.	Cercolophocebus  Matschie, 1914; Semnocebus Gray, 1870.			Formerly included in Cercocebus (for example, by McKenna and Bell [1997]); a subgenus of Cercocebus, according to Szalay and Delson (1979), but see Groves (1979, 1989, 2001c). Included in Papio as a subgenus by Goodman et al. (2001).	
12100522	Lophocebus albigena	Gray 1850	SPECIES			albigena		Lophocebus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1850 p.77		weynsi  (Matschie, 1913); zenkeri (Schwarz, 1910); johnstoni (Lydekker, 1900); ituricus (Matschie, 1913); jamrachi (Pocock, 1906); mawambicus (Lorenz, 1917); ugandae Matschie, 1913; osmani Groves, 1978.	SE Nigeria (Cross River), Cameroon, Republic of Congo, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, NE Angola, Central African Republic, Dem. Rep. Congo north and east of Congo-Lualaba system, W Uganda (to Busoga), Burundi.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Does not include aterrimus and opdenboschi; see Groves (2001c).	Gray-cheeked Mangabey
12100523	Lophocebus albigena subsp. albigena	Gray 1850	SUBSPECIES		albigena	albigena		Lophocebus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1850 p.77						
12100524	Lophocebus albigena subsp. johnstoni	Lydekker 1900	SUBSPECIES		johnstoni	albigena		Lophocebus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100525	Lophocebus albigena subsp. osmani	Groves 1978	SUBSPECIES		osmani	albigena		Lophocebus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100526	Lophocebus aterrimus	Oudemans 1890	SPECIES			aterrimus		Lophocebus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Zool. Garten vol.31 p.267		coelognathus  Matschie, 1914; congicus Sclater, 1900; hamlyni Pocock, 1906; rothschildi Lydekker, 1900.	Dem. Rep. Congo, south of the Congo River, in rainforest.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Does not include opdenboschi; see Groves (2001c).	Black Crested Mangabey
12100527	Lophocebus opdenboschi	Scouteden 1944	SPECIES			opdenboschi		Lophocebus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. vol.38 p.192			Dem. Rep. Congo, gallery forests along the Kwilu, Wamba and Kwango Rivers, into Angola.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient as L. atterimus opdenboschi.	Separated from aterrimus by Groves (2001c).	Opdenboschs Mangabey
12100615	Colobus satanas subsp. satanas	Waterhouse 1837 "1838"	SUBSPECIES		satanas	satanas		Colobus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1837 p.87						
12100528	Macaca	Lacépède 1799	GENUS					Macaca	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Tabl. Div. Subd. Orders Genres Mammifères p.4	Simia inuus Linnaeus, 1766 (= Simia sylvanus Linnaeus, 1758).	Aulaxinus Cocchi, 1872; Cynamolgus Reichenbach, 1862; Cynomacaca Khajuria, 1953; Cynopithecus É. Geoffroy, 1835; Gymnopyga Gray, 1866; Inuus É. Geoffroy, 1812; Lyssodes Gistel, 1848; Magotus Ritgen, 1824; Magus Lesson, 1827; Maimon Wagner, 1839; Nemestrinus Reichenbach, 1862 [not of Latreille, 1802]; Ouanderou Lesson, 1840; Pithes Burnett, 1828; Rhesus Lesson, 1840; Salmacis Gloger, 1841; Silenus Goldfuss, 1820; Sylvanus Oken, 1816 [unavailable]; Vetulus Reichenbach, 1862; Zati Reichenbach, 1862.			Placed in a separate subtribe, Macacina, from other members of the Papionini, by McKenna and Bell (1997). Species groups are: (1) M. sylvanus group (monotypic), (2) M. nemestrina group (silenus, leonina, nemestrina, pagensis, siberu, maura, ochreata, tonkeana, hecki, nigrescens, nigra), (3) M. fascicularis group (fascicularis, arctoides), (4) M. mulatta group (mulatta, cyclopis, fuscata), (5) M. sinica group (sinica, radiata, assamensis, thibetana).	
12100529	Macaca arctoides	I. Geoffroy 1831	SPECIES			arctoides		Macaca	Cercopithecidae	Primates	In Belanger (ed.), Voy. Indes Orient., Mamm. vol.3(Zool.) p.61		brunneus (Anderson, 1871); harmandi (Trouessart, 1897); melanotus (Ogilby, 1839); melli (Matschie, 1912); rufescens (Anderson, 1872); speciosus (Murie, 1875) [not of I. Geoffroy, 1826 = M. fuscata]; ursinus (Gervais, 1854).	Assam (India) to S China and N Malay Peninsula.	CITES  Appendix II; U.S. ESA  Threatened; IUCN  Vulnerable.	M. fascicularis species group according to Groves (2001c), but probably derived from an early Pleistocene hybridization between M. fascicularis, which it resembles in its mtDNA, and M. assamensis/thibetana, which it resembles in its Y chromosome. Reviewed by Fooden et al. (1985).	Stump-tailed Macaque
12100790	Gorilla beringei subsp. graueri	Matschie 1914	SUBSPECIES		graueri	beringei		Gorilla	Hominidae	Primates							
12100530	Macaca assamensis	M'Clelland 1839 "1840"	SPECIES			assamensis		Macaca	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1839 p.148		coolidgei Osgood, 1932; rhesosimilis (Sclater, 1872); pelops (Hodgson, 1840); macclellandii (Gray, 1846); problematicus (Gray, 1870); sikimensis (Hodgson, 1867).	Nepal to N Vietnam, S China.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Vulnerable as M. a. assamensia and M. a. pelops.	M. sinica species group. Reviewed by Fooden (1982).	Assam Macaque
12100533	Macaca cyclopis	Swinhoe 1862 "1863"	SPECIES			cyclopis		Macaca	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1862 p.350		affinis  (Blyth, 1863).	Taiwan.	CITES  Appendix II; U.S. ESA  Threatened; IUCN  Vulnerable.	M. mulatta species group.	Formosan Rock Macaque
12100534	Macaca fascicularis	Raffles 1821	SPECIES			fascicularis		Macaca	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol.13 p.246		agnatus (Elliot, 1910); alacer (Elliot, 1909); argentimembris Kloss, 1911; aygula (Linnaeus, 1758) [suppressed by International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1986), Opinion 1400]; baweanus (Elliot, 1910); bintangensis (Elliot, 1909); buku (Martin, 1838); cagayanus (Mearns, 1905); capitalis (Elliot, 1910); carbonarius (F. Cuvier, 1825); carimatae (Elliot, 1910); cupidus (Elliot, 1910); cynocephalus (Reichenbach, 1862) [not of Linnaeus, 1766]; cynomolgus (Schreber, 1775) [not of Linnaeus, 1758]; dollmani (Elliot, 1909); impudens (Elliot, 1910); irus I. Geoffroy, 1826; karimoni (Elliot, 1909); kra (Lesson, 1830); laetus (Elliot, 1909); lapsus (Elliot, 1910); lautensis (Elliot, 1910); limitis (Schwarz, 1913); lingae (Elliot, 1910); lingungensis (Elliot, 1910); mandibularis (Elliot, 1910); mansalaris (Lyon, 1916); mordax Thomas and Wroughton, 1909; phaeura (Miller, 1903); pumilus (Miller, 1900); resima Thomas and Wroughton, 1909; sihassensis (Elliot, 1910); sublimitus Sody, 1932; submordax Sody, 1949; suluensis (Mearns, 1905); sumbae Sody, 1933; validus (Elliot, 1909); atriceps Kloss, 1919; aureus (É. Geoffroy, 1831); vitiis (Elliot, 1910); condorensis Kloss, 1926; fuscus (Miller, 1903); karimondjawae Sody, 1949; lasiae (Lyon, 1916); philippensis (I. Geoffroy, 1843); apoensis (Mearns, 1905); cumingii (Gray, 1870); fur (Slack, 1867); mindanensis (Mearns, 1905); mindorus (Hollister, 1913); palpebrosus (I. Geoffroy, 1851); tua Kellogg, 1944; umbrosus (Miller, 1902).	S Indochina and Burma to Borneo and Timor (Indonesia); Philippine Isls; Nicobar Isls (India).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient as M. f. atriceps, M. f. condorensis, M. f. fusca, M. f. karimondjawae, M. f. lasiae, M. f. tua, and M. f. umbrosa, Lower Risk (nt) as M. f. fascicularis, M. f. aurea, and M. f. philippensis.	M. fascicularis species group. Includes irus; see Medway (1977:70-71). Includes cynomolgos; see Osman Hill (1974:476-477). Revised by Fooden (1995).	Crab-eating Macaque
12100535	Macaca fascicularis subsp. fascicularis	Raffles 1821	SUBSPECIES		fascicularis	fascicularis		Macaca	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol.13 p.246						
12100536	Macaca fascicularis subsp. atriceps	Kloss 1919	SUBSPECIES		atriceps	fascicularis		Macaca	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100537	Macaca fascicularis subsp. aureus	É. Geoffroy 1831	SUBSPECIES		aureus	fascicularis		Macaca	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100538	Macaca fascicularis subsp. condorensis	Kloss 1926	SUBSPECIES		condorensis	fascicularis		Macaca	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100539	Macaca fascicularis subsp. fuscus	Miller 1903	SUBSPECIES		fuscus	fascicularis		Macaca	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100540	Macaca fascicularis subsp. karimondjawae	Sody 1949	SUBSPECIES		karimondjawae	fascicularis		Macaca	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100541	Macaca fascicularis subsp. lasiae	Lyon 1916	SUBSPECIES		lasiae	fascicularis		Macaca	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100542	Macaca fascicularis subsp. philippensis	I. Geoffroy 1843	SUBSPECIES		philippensis	fascicularis		Macaca	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100545	Macaca fuscata	Blyth 1875	SPECIES			fuscata		Macaca	Cercopithecidae	Primates	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.44 p.6		japanensis  (Schweyer, 1909); speciosus (F. Cuvier, 1825); yakui Kuroda, 1941.	Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, and adjacent small islands (Japan); Yaku Isl (Ryukyu Isls, Japan).	CITES  Appendix II; U.S. ESA  Threatened; IUCN  Endangered as M. f. yakui, otherwise Data Deficient.	M. mulatta species group. Includes speciosus F. Cuvier, 1825 (not speciosa Blyth, 1875) which was suppressed by Opinion 920 of the International Commision on Zoological Nomenclature (1970); see Fooden (1976).	Japanese Macaque
12100546	Macaca fuscata subsp. fuscata	Blyth 1875	SUBSPECIES		fuscata	fuscata		Macaca	Cercopithecidae	Primates	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.44 p.6						
12100547	Macaca fuscata subsp. yakui	Kuroda 1941	SUBSPECIES		yakui	fuscata		Macaca	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100548	Macaca hecki	Matschie 1901	SPECIES			hecki		Macaca	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Abh. Senckenb. Naturf. Ges. vol.25 p.257			N Sulawesi, from the base of the northern peninsula northeast to Gorontalo (Indonesia).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	M. nemestrina species group. Separated from tonkeana by Groves (2001c).	Hecks Macaque
12100549	Macaca leonina	Blyth 1863	SPECIES			leonina		Macaca	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Cat. Mamm. Mus. As. Soc. p.7		adusta Miller, 1906; andamanensis (Bartlett, 1869); blythii Pocock, 1931; coininus (Kloss, 1903) [lapsus for leoninus]; insulana Miller, 1906; indochinensis Kloss, 1919.	Burma, coast (including Mergui Arch.), Thailand north of about 8°N, S Yunnan (China), Laos, Bangladesh, India north to Brahmaputra River.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Vulnerable.	M. nemestrina species group. Considered a species separate from nemestrina by Groves (2001c:223).	Northern Pig-tailed Macaque
12100550	Macaca maura	H. R. Schinz 1825	SPECIES			maura		Macaca	Cercopithecidae	Primates	In Cuvier, Das Thierreich p.257		cuvieri (Fischer, 1829); fusco-ater (Schinz, 1844); hypomelas (Matschie, 1901); inornatus (Gray, 1866); majuscula Hooijer, 1950.	S Sulawesi, south of Tempe Depression (Indonesia).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Endangered.	M. nemestrina species group. Type species of Gymnopyga; see Fooden (1969:79). Included in nigra by Corbet and Hill (1980:87).	Moor Macaque
12100551	Macaca mulatta	Zimmermann 1780	SPECIES			mulatta		Macaca	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Geogr. Gesch. Mensch. Vierf. Thiere vol.2 p.195		brachyurus (Elliot, 1909) [not of Hamilton Smith, 1842]; brevicaudatus (Elliot, 1913); erythraea (Shaw, 1800); fulvus (Kerr, 1792); lasiotus (Gray, 1868); littoralis (Elliot, 1909); mcmahoni Pocock, 1932; nipalensis Hodgson, 1840; oinops Hodgson, 1840; rhesus (Audebert, 1798); sancti-johannis (Swinhoe, 1866); siamica Kloss, 1917; tcheliensis (Milne-Edwards, 1872); vestita (Milne-Edwards, 1892); villosa (True, 1894).	Afghanistan and India to N Thailand, China, and Hainan Isl (China).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	M. mulatta species group. Revised by Fooden (2000).	Rhesus Monkey
12100552	Macaca nemestrina	Linnaeus 1766	SPECIES			nemestrina		Macaca	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Syst. Nat., 12th ed. vol.1 p.35		brachyurus (Hamilton Smith, 1842); broca Miller, 1906; carpolegus (Raffles, 1821); fusca (Shaw, 1800); libidinosus I. Geoffroy, 1826; longicruris (Link, 1795); maimon (de Blainville, 1839); nucifera Sody, 1936; platypygos (Schreber, 1774).	Malay Peninsula, Borneo, Sumatra and Bangka Isl (Indonesia), Thailand north to about 7°30N.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Vulnerable.	M. nemestrina species group. Includes pagensis according to Fooden (1975:67, 1980:7) and Szalay and Delson (1979); but Wilson and Wilson (1977:216) considered pagensis a distinct species, and this was followed by Groves (2001c).	Southern Pig-tailed Macaque
12100553	Macaca nigra	Desmarest 1822	SPECIES			nigra		Macaca	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Mammalogie, in Encyclop. Meth. vol.2(Suppl.) p.534		lembicus  (Miller, 1931); malayanus (Desmoulins, 1824).	Sulawesi, east of Onggak Dumoga River, Lembeh Isl, Bacan Isl (Indonesia).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Endangered.	M. nemestrina species group. Type species of Cynopithecus; see Fooden (1969). Includes nigrescens according to Groves (1980c, 1993), but separated again by Groves (2001c).	Celebes Crested Macaque
12100554	Macaca nigrescens	Temminck 1849	SPECIES			nigrescens		Macaca	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Coup dOeil Possess. Neerd. vol.3 p.111			Sulawesi, east of Gorontalo, to Onggak Dumoga River (Indonesia).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (conservation dependent).	M. nemestrina species group. Separated from M. nigra by Groves (2001c).	Gorontalo Macaque
12100555	Macaca ochreata	Ogilby 1841	SPECIES			ochreata		Macaca	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1841 p.56		brunnescens  (Matschie, 1901).	SE Sulawesi, Kabaena, Muna, and Butung (Indonesia).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Vulnerable as M. brunnescens, otherwise Data Deficient.	M. nemestrina species group. Fooden (1969) recognized brunnescens as a species; but Groves (1980c:1-9) included it in ochreata.	Booted Macaque
12100556	Macaca ochreata subsp. ochreata	Ogilby 1841	SUBSPECIES		ochreata	ochreata		Macaca	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1841 p.56						
12100558	Macaca pagensis	Miller 1903	SPECIES			pagensis		Macaca	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Smithson. Misc. Collect. vol.45 p.61		mentaveensis  de Beaux, 1923.	Mentawai group: Islands of Sipura, North Pagai and South Pagai (Indonesia).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Critically Endangered as M. pagensis pagensis.	M. nemestrina species group. Included in nemestrina by Fooden (1975:67, 1980:7) and Szalay and Delson (1979); but Wilson and Wilson (1977:216) and Groves (2001c:224) considered it a distinct species.	Pagai Island Macaque
12100559	Macaca radiata	É. Geoffroy 1812	SPECIES			radiata		Macaca	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.19 p.98		diluta  Pocock, 1931.	S India.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	M. sinica species group. Revised by Fooden (1981).	Bonnet Macaque
12100560	Macaca siberu	Fuentes and Olson 1995	SPECIES			siberu		Macaca	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Asian Primates vol.4 4 p.1			Siberut (Mentawai group).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Critically Endangered as M. pagensis siberu.	M. nemestrina species group. Considered a distinct species by Kitchener and Groves (2002).	Siberut Macaque
12100561	Macaca silenus	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			silenus		Macaca	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.26		albibarbatus (Kerr, 1792); ferox (Shaw, 1792); veter (Audebert, 1798); vetulus (Erxleben, 1777).	SW India, Western Ghats.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA and IUCN  Endangered.	M. nemestrina species group.	Lion-tailed Macaque
12100638	Piliocolobus rufomitratus	Peters 1879	SPECIES			rufomitratus		Piliocolobus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1879 p.829			Lower Tana River (Kenya).	CITES  Appendix I and U.S. ESA  Endangered as Procolobus rufomitratus; IUCN  Critically Endangered as Procolobus rufomitratus.		Tana River Red Colobus
12100604	Colobus angolensis subsp. ruwenzorii	Thomas 1901	SUBSPECIES		ruwenzorii	angolensis		Colobus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100562	Macaca sinica	Linnaeus 1771	SPECIES			sinica		Macaca	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Mantissa Plantarum vol.2 Appendix p.521		audeberti (Reichenbach, 1862); inaurea Pocock, 1931; longicaudata Deraniyagala, 1965; opisthomelas Osman Hill, 1942; pileatus (Ogilby, 1838); aurifrons Pocock, 1931.	Sri Lanka.	CITES  Appendix II; U.S. ESA  Threatened; IUCN  Endangered as M. s. opisthomelas, otherwise Vulnerable as M. s. aurifrons and M. s. sinica.	M. sinica species group. See Fooden (1979).	Toque Macaque
12100563	Macaca sinica subsp. sinica	Linnaeus 1771	SUBSPECIES		sinica	sinica		Macaca	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Mantissa Plantarum vol.2 Appendix p.521						
12100564	Macaca sinica subsp. aurifrons	Pocock 1931	SUBSPECIES		aurifrons	sinica		Macaca	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100565	Macaca sylvanus	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			sylvanus		Macaca	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.25		ecaudatus  (É. Geoffroy, 1812); inuus (Linnaeus, 1766); pithecus (Schreber, 1799); pygmaeus (Reichenbach, 1863).	Morocco, Algeria, Gibraltar (introduced).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Vulnerable.	M. sylvanus species group. See Fooden (1976:226) for the use of this name.	Barbary Macaque
12100566	Macaca thibetana	Milne-Edwards 1870	SPECIES			thibetana		Macaca	Cercopithecidae	Primates	C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris vol.70 p.341		esau  (Matschie, 1912); pullus (Howell, 1928); guiahouensis Wang and Jiang, 1996; huangshanensis Jiang and Wang, 1996.	E Tibet, Szechwan to Kwangtung (China).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (conservation dependent).	M. sinica species group. Reviewed by Fooden (1983) and Jiang et al. (1996).	Milne-Edwards Macaque
12100567	Macaca thibetana subsp. thibetana	Milne-Edwards 1870	SUBSPECIES		thibetana	thibetana		Macaca	Cercopithecidae	Primates	C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris vol.70 p.341						
12100568	Macaca thibetana subsp. esau	Matschie 1912	SUBSPECIES		esau	thibetana		Macaca	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100569	Macaca thibetana subsp. guiahouensis	Wang and Jiang 1996	SUBSPECIES		guiahouensis	thibetana		Macaca	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100570	Macaca thibetana subsp. huangshanensis	Jiang and Wang 1996	SUBSPECIES		huangshanensis	thibetana		Macaca	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100571	Macaca tonkeana	Meyer 1899	SPECIES			tonkeana		Macaca	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Abh. Zool. Anthrop.-Ethnology. Mus. Dresden vol.7 7 p.3		hypomelanus (Matschie, 1901); tonsus (Matschie, 1901); togeanus (Sody, 1949).	C Sulawesi, south to Latimojong, north to the base of the northern peninsula, between Palu and Parigi (Indonesia); Togian Isls (Indonesia).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	M. nemestrina species group. Formerly included in Cynopithecus; see Fooden (1969:106-115). According to Froehlich et al. (1998), the macaques of the Balantak Mtns on the E peninsula of Sulawesi constitute a separate species from those of the main part of the range; in this case, the name tonkeana would apply to the Balantak form. Whether one of the other synonyms applies to the better-known form from the western part of Central Sulawesi is unclear. Froehlich et al. (1998) said that togeanus (from the Togian Isl) is a hybrid swarm between the two. Does not include hecki; see Groves (2001c).	Tonkean Macaque
12100572	Mandrillus	Ritgen 1824	GENUS					Mandrillus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Natureichen Eintheilung der Säugethiere p.33	Simia maimon Linnaeus, 1766; Simia mormon Alstromer, 1766 (= Simia sphinx Linnaeus, 1758).	Chaeropithecus Gray, 1870 [not of de Blainville, 1839]; Drill Reichenbach, 1862; Maimon Trouessart, 1904; Mandril Voigt, 1831; Mormon Wagner, 1839 [not of Illiger, 1811]; Papio P.L.S. Müller, 1773 [Suppressed under Opinion 1199 of Int. Commission on Zool. Nomenclature].			Not a synonym of Papio (see Groves, 1989), pace McKenna and Bell (1997). Delson and Napier (1976:46) considered these two species in genus Papio, subgenus Papio; placed in subgenus Mandrillus by Dandelot (1974:9). Mandrillus considered a full genus by Groves (1989, 2001c); placed as a subgenus of Cercocebus by Goodman et al. (1998).	
12100573	Mandrillus leucophaeus	F. Cuvier 1807	SPECIES			leucophaeus		Mandrillus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.9 p.477		cinerea (Kerr, 1792); drill (Lesson, 1838); livea (Kerr, 1792); mundamensis (Hilzheimer, 1906); sylvestris (Link, 1795); sylvicola (Kerr, 1792); ?variegata (Kerr, 1792); poensis Zukowsky, 1922.	SE Nigeria; Cameroon, north of the Sanaga River and just south of it; Bioko (Equatorial Guinea). See Grubb (1973) for details.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Endangered as M. l. leucophaeus and M. l. poensis.	The names sylvicola, variegata, cinerea, livea and sylvestris were suppressed by Opinion 935 of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1970).	Drill
12100574	Mandrillus leucophaeus subsp. leucophaeus	F. Cuvier 1807	SUBSPECIES		leucophaeus	leucophaeus		Mandrillus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.9 p.477						
12100575	Mandrillus leucophaeus subsp. poensis	Zukowsky 1922	SUBSPECIES		poensis	leucophaeus		Mandrillus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100656	Presbytis hosei subsp. everetti	Thomas 1892	SUBSPECIES		everetti	hosei		Presbytis	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100576	Mandrillus sphinx	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			sphinx		Mandrillus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.25		burlacei Rothschild, 1922; ebolowae Matschie and Zukowsky, 1917; escherichi Matschie and Zukowsky, 1917; hagenbecki Matschie and Zukowsky, 1917; insularis Zukowsky, 1922; latidens (Bechstein, 1799); madarogaster (Zimmermann, 1780); maimon (Linnaeus, 1766); mormon (Alströmer, 1766); pennanti (Griffith, 1827); planirostris (Elliot, 1909); schreberi Matschie, 1917; suilla (Kerr, 1792); tessmanni Matschie and Zukowsky, 1917; zenkeri Matschie and Zukowsky, 1917.	Cameroon, south of the Sanaga River; Rio Muni (Equatorial Guinea); Gabon; Republic of Congo. See Grubb (1973) for details.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Vulnerable.		Mandrill
12100577	Miopithecus	I. Geoffroy 1862	GENUS					Miopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris vol.15 p.720	Simia talapoin Schreber, 1774.				A subgenus of Cercopithecus according to Szalay and Delson (1979), but see Groves (1978b, 1989). See also van der Kuhl et al. (2001).	
12100578	Miopithecus ogouensis	Kingdon 1997	SPECIES			ogouensis		Miopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	The Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals p.55			S Cameroon, Rio Muni, Gabon, Angola (Cabinda).	CITES  Appendix II.	Named on the evidence of descriptions by Machado (1969). See also van der Kuhl et al. (2001).	Gabon Talapoin
12100579	Miopithecus talapoin	Schreber 1774	SPECIES			talapoin		Miopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Die Säugethiere vol.1 p.101, 186, pl. 17		ansorgei (Pocock, 1907); capillatus I. Geoffroy, 1842; melarhinus (Schinz, 1844); niger (Kerr, 1792); pileatus (É. Geoffroy, 1812); pilettei Lorenz, 1919; vlesschouwersi (Poll, 1940).	Angola, SW Dem. Rep. Congo.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Angolan Talapoin
12100580	Papio	Erxleben 1777	GENUS					Papio	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Systema Regni Animalis vol.1 Mammalia p.xxx, 15	Cynocephalus papio Desmarest, 1820 (= Simia hamadryas Linnaeus, 1758).	Chaeropitheus  Gervais, 1839; Comopithecus J. A. Allen, 1925; Cynocephalus G. Cuvier and É. Geoffroy, 1795; Hamadryas Lesson, 1840.			Opinion 1199 of the International Commision on Zoological Nomenclature (1982) fixed this as the first available name, and fixed the type species. Includes Theropithecus according to Goodman et al. (1998), and also Lophocebus according to Goodman et al. (2001). Includes Mandrillus according to McKenna and Bell (1997).	
12100581	Papio anubis	Lesson 1827	SPECIES			anubis		Papio	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Man. Mamm. p.27		choras (Ogilby, 1843); doguera (Pucheran and Schimper, 1836); furax Elliot, 1907; graueri Lorenz, 1915; heuglini Matschie, 1898; lestes Heller, 1913; lydekkeri Rothschild, 1902; neumanni Matschie, 1897; nigeriae Elliot, 1909; niloticus Roth, 1965 [nomen nudum]; olivaceus De Winton, 1902; silvestris Lorenz, 1915; tesselatum Elliot, 1909; tibestianus Dekeyser and Derivot, 1960; vigilis Heller, 1913; werneri Wettstein, 1916; yokoensis Matschie, 1900.	Mali to Ethiopia, Kenya, NW Tanzania.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Olive Baboon
12100597	Colobus	Illiger 1811	GENUS					Colobus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Prodr. Syst. Mamm. Avium. p.69	Simia polycomos Schreber, 1800 (= Cebus polykomos Zimmerman, 1780).	Colobolus Gray, 1821; Guereza Gray, 1870; Pterycolobus Rochebrune, 1887; Stachycolobus Rochebrune, 1887.			Does not include Procolobus or Pliocolobus, pace McKenna and Bell (1997); see Groves (1989).	
12100582	Papio cynocephalus	Linnaeus 1766	SPECIES			cynocephalus		Papio	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Syst. Nat., 12th ed. vol.1 p.38		antiquorum (Schinz, 1821); babouin (Desmarest, 1820); basiliscus (Schreber, 1800); flavidus (Peters, 1852); jubilaeus Schwarz, 1928; langheldi (Matschie, 1892); ochraceus (Peters, 1852); pruinosus Thomas, 1897; ?rhodesiae (Hagner, 1918); strepitus Elliot, 1907; sublutea (Shaw, 1800); thoth (Ogilby, 1843); ?variegata (Kerr, 1792); ibeanus Thomas, 1893; ruhei Zukowsky, 1942; kindae Lönnberg, 1919.	Somalia, coastal Kenya, Tanzania, to Zambezi River.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Yellow Baboon
12100583	Papio cynocephalus subsp. cynocephalus	Linnaeus 1766	SUBSPECIES		cynocephalus	cynocephalus		Papio	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Syst. Nat., 12th ed. vol.1 p.38						
12100584	Papio cynocephalus subsp. ibeanus	Thomas 1893	SUBSPECIES		ibeanus	cynocephalus		Papio	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100585	Papio cynocephalus subsp. kindae	Lönnberg 1919	SUBSPECIES		kindae	cynocephalus		Papio	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100586	Papio hamadryas	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			hamadryas		Papio	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.27		aegyptiaca (Gray, 1870); arabicus Thomas, 1900; brockmani Elliot, 1909; chaeropitheus (Lesson, 1840); cynamolgus (Linnaeus, 1758); nedjo (Reichenbach, 1863); wagleri (Agassiz, 1828).	Arid zone of Red Sea coast of Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, N Somalia, Yemen, Saudi Arabia.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Includes anubis, cynocephalus, papio, and ursinus according to Szalay and Delson (1979:336), but see Jolly and Brett (1973:85), Dandelot (1974:9), Corbet and Hill (1980:88), Groves (2001c) and others who recognized these as distinct species.	Hamadryas Baboon
12100800	Pan troglodytes subsp. schweinfurthii	Giglioli 1872	SUBSPECIES		schweinfurthii	troglodytes		Pan	Hominidae	Primates							
12100587	Papio papio	Desmarest 1820	SPECIES			papio		Papio	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Encyclop. Méthodique, Mammalogie vol.1 p.69		olivaceus (I. Geoffroy, 1851); rubescens Temminck, 1853; sphinx Erxleben, 1777 [not of Linnaeus, 1758].	Senegal, Guinea and Guinea-Bissau to Mauretania, Mali.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).		Guinea Baboon
12100657	Presbytis hosei subsp. sabana	Thomas 1893	SUBSPECIES		sabana	hosei		Presbytis	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100588	Papio ursinus	Kerr 1792	SPECIES			ursinus		Papio	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Anim. Kingd. p.63		capensis (A. Smith, 1826); comatus É. Geoffroy, 1812; nigripes Roberts, 1932; occidentalis Goldblatt, 1926; orientalis Goldblatt, 1926; porcaria (Boddaert, 1787) [not of Brünnich, 1782]; sphingiola (Hermann, 1804); griseipes Pocock, 1911; chobiensis Roberts, 1932; ngamiensis Roberts, 1932; transvaalensis (Zukowsky, 1927); ruacana Shortridge, 1942; chacamensis Roth, 1965 [nomen nudum].	South of Zambezi River, to S Angola, SW Zambia.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Chacma Baboon
12100589	Papio ursinus subsp. ursinus	Kerr 1792	SUBSPECIES		ursinus	ursinus		Papio	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Anim. Kingd. p.63						
12100590	Papio ursinus subsp. griseipes	Pocock 1911	SUBSPECIES		griseipes	ursinus		Papio	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100591	Papio ursinus subsp. ruacana	Shortridge 1942	SUBSPECIES		ruacana	ursinus		Papio	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100592	Theropithecus	I. Geoffroy 1841 "1843"	GENUS					Theropithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.1841 2 p.576	Macacus gelada Rüppell, 1835.	Gelada  Gray, 1843; Simopithecus Andrews, 1916.			Considered a distinct genus by Cronin and Meikle (1979:259), but Van Gelder (1977b:8) included this genus in Cercopithecus; Goodman et al. (1998) included it in Papio as a subgenus. McKenna and Bell (1997) placed it in a subtribe, Theropithecina, separate from Macacina (Macaca) and Papionina (all other genera of Papionini).	
12100593	Theropithecus gelada	Rüppell 1835	SPECIES			gelada		Theropithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Neue Wirbelt. Fauna Abyssin. Gehörig. Säugeth. p.5		ruppelli (Gray, 1843); senex Pucheran, 1857; obscurus Heuglin, 1863.	N Ethiopia, highlands.	CITES  Appendix II; U.S. ESA  Threatened; IUCN  Data Deficient as T. g. obscurus, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).		Gelada
12100594	Theropithecus gelada subsp. gelada	Rüppell 1835	SUBSPECIES		gelada	gelada		Theropithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Neue Wirbelt. Fauna Abyssin. Gehörig. Säugeth. p.5						
12100595	Theropithecus gelada subsp. obscurus	Heuglin 1863	SUBSPECIES		obscurus	gelada		Theropithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100596	Colobinae	Jerdon 1867	SUBFAMILY						Cercopithecidae	Primates	Mammals of India p.3		Presbytinae Gray, 1825; Semnopithecinae Owen, 1843.			Separated provisionally as a full family (Colobidae) by Groves (1989); a subfamily of Cercopithecidae according to Groves (2001c). On the name of this subfamily, see Delson (1976), and Brandon-Jones (1978). Divided into two tribes, Colobini (African taxa) and Presbytini (Asian taxa) by McKenna and Bell (1997).	
12100616	Colobus satanas subsp. anthracinus	Leconte 1857	SUBSPECIES		anthracinus	satanas		Colobus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100598	Colobus angolensis	P. Sclater 1860	SPECIES			angolensis		Colobus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1860 p.245		benamakimae Matschie, 1914; maniemae Matschie, 1914; sandbergi Lönnberg, 1908; weynsi Matschie, 1913; cordieri Rahm, 1959; cottoni Lydekker, 1905; mawambicus Matschie, 1913; nahani Matschie, 1914; palliates Peters, 1868; langheldi Matschie, 1914; sharpie Thomas, 1902; prigoginei Verheyen, 1959; ruwenzorii Thomas, 1901; adolfi-friederici Matschie, 1914.	NE Angola, S and E Dem. Rep. Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, NE Zambia, SE Kenya, E Tanzania.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient as C. a. palliatus and C. a. prigonginei, Vulnerable as C. a. ruwenzorii, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	Thorington and Groves (1970:629-647), Dandelot (1974:37), and Corbet and Hill (1980:89) listed angolensis as a distinct species.	Angola Colobus
12100599	Colobus angolensis subsp. angolensis	P. Sclater 1860	SUBSPECIES		angolensis	angolensis		Colobus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1860 p.245						
12100600	Colobus angolensis subsp. cordieri	Rahm 1959	SUBSPECIES		cordieri	angolensis		Colobus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100601	Colobus angolensis subsp. cottoni	Lydekker 1905	SUBSPECIES		cottoni	angolensis		Colobus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100602	Colobus angolensis subsp. palliates	Peters 1868	SUBSPECIES		palliates	angolensis		Colobus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100603	Colobus angolensis subsp. prigoginei	Verheyen 1959	SUBSPECIES		prigoginei	angolensis		Colobus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100720	Trachypithecus germaini subsp. germaini	Milne-Edwards 1876	SUBSPECIES		germaini	germaini	Trachypithecus	Trachypithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Bull. Soc. Philom. vol.6 11 p.8						
12100605	Colobus guereza	Rüppell 1835	SPECIES			guereza		Colobus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Neue Wirbelt. Fauna Abyssin. Gehörig. Säugeth. p.1		abyssinicus  (Oken, 1816) [unavailable]; managaschae Matschie, 1913; poliurus Thomas, 1901; ruppelli (Gray, 1870); caudatus Thomas, 1885; albocaudatus Lydekker, 1906; dodingae Matschie, 1913; gallarum Neumann, 1902; kikuyuensis Lönnberg, 1912; laticeps Matschie, 1913; thikae Matschie, 1913; matschiei Neumann, 1899; elgonis Granvik, 1925; roosevelti Heller, 1913; occidentalis (Rochebrune, 1887); brachychaites Matschie, 1913; dianae Matschie, 1913; escherichi Matschie, 1914; ituricus Matschie, 1913; rutschuricus Lorenz, 1914; terrestris Heller, 1913; uellensis Matschie, 1913; percivali Heller, 1913.	Nigeria to Ethiopia; Kenya; Uganda; Tanzania.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Endangered as C. g. percivali, Data Deficient as C. g. gallarum, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).		Mantled Guereza
12100606	Colobus guereza subsp. guereza	Rüppell 1835	SUBSPECIES		guereza	guereza		Colobus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Neue Wirbelt. Fauna Abyssin. Gehörig. Säugeth. p.1						
12100607	Colobus guereza subsp. caudatus	Thomas 1885	SUBSPECIES		caudatus	guereza		Colobus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100608	Colobus guereza subsp. dodingae	Matschie 1913	SUBSPECIES		dodingae	guereza		Colobus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100609	Colobus guereza subsp. kikuyuensis	Lönnberg 1912	SUBSPECIES		kikuyuensis	guereza		Colobus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100610	Colobus guereza subsp. matschiei	Neumann 1899	SUBSPECIES		matschiei	guereza		Colobus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100611	Colobus guereza subsp. occidentalis	Rochebrune 1887	SUBSPECIES		occidentalis	guereza		Colobus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100612	Colobus guereza subsp. percivali	Heller 1913	SUBSPECIES		percivali	guereza		Colobus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100613	Colobus polykomos	Zimmermann 1780	SPECIES			polykomos		Colobus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Geogr. Gesch. Mensch. Vierf. Thiere vol.2 p.202		comosa (Shaw, 1800); polycomos (Schreber, 1800); regalis (Kerr, 1792); tetradactyla (Link, 1795).	Gambia to the Nzo-Sassandra system in Côte dIvoire.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Does not include vellerosus (Groves, 2001c; Oates and Trocco, 1983).	King Colobus
12100614	Colobus satanas	Waterhouse 1837 "1838"	SPECIES			satanas		Colobus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1837 p.87		metternichi Krumbiegel, 1943; anthracinus (Leconte, 1857); limbarenicus (Matschie, 1917); municus (Matschie, 1917); zenkeri (Matschie, 1917).	SW Gabon, Rio Muni and Bioko (Equatorial Guinea), SW Cameroon; possibly Republic of Congo (Carpaneto, 1995).	CITES  Appendix II; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Endangered as C. s. satanus, Data Deficient as C. s. antracinus, otherwise Vulnerable.	McAllan and Bruce (1989) argued that the original publication of this species is: The Analyst, 24:298-299 [publ. 2 July 1838].	Black Colobus
12100617	Colobus vellerosus	I. Geoffroy 1834	SPECIES			vellerosus		Colobus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	In Bélanger, Voy. Indes-Orientales, Zool. p.37		bicolor (Wesmael, 1835); dollmani Schwarz, 1927; leucomeros Ogilby, 1838; ursinus Ogilby, 1835.	Nzi-Bandama system (Côte dIvoire) to W Nigeria.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Vulnerable.	Strictly, dollmani is hybrid swarm between vellerosus and polykomos, but phenetically much closer to vellerosus. Separated from polykomos by Oates and Trocco (1983) and Groves (2001c).	Ursine Colobus
12100618	Nasalis	É. Geoffroy 1812	GENUS					Nasalis	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.19 p.89	Cercopithecus larvatus Wurmb, 1787.	Hanno Gray, 1821; Rhinolazon Gloger, 1841; Rhynchopithecus Dahlbohm, 1856.			Simias was included in this genus by Groves (1970:639) and McKenna and Bell (1997), and by Szalay and Delson (1979) and Delson (1975:217) who considered Simias a subgenus; but also see Krumbiegel (1978) and Napier (1985), who considered it as a distinct genus.	
12100619	Nasalis larvatus	Wurmb 1787	SPECIES			larvatus		Nasalis	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Verh. Batav. Genootsch. vol.3 p.353		capistratus (Kerr, 1792); nasica (Lacépède, 1799); orientalis Chasen 1940; recurvus Vigors and Horsfield, 1828.	Borneo.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA and IUCN  Endangered.		Proboscis Monkey
12100620	Piliocolobus	Rochebrune 1877	GENUS					Piliocolobus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Faune de Sénégambie, Suppl. Vert., Mamm. vol.1 p.96	Simia(Cercopithecus) badius Kerr, 1792.	Tropicolobus  Rochebrune, 1887.			Separate from Colobus, see Corbet and Hill (1980:90) and Groves (1989); separate from Procolobus (Groves, 2001c).	
12100721	Trachypithecus germaini subsp. caudalis	Dao 1977	SUBSPECIES		caudalis	germaini	Trachypithecus	Trachypithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100801	Pan troglodytes subsp. vellerosus	Gray 1862	SUBSPECIES		vellerosus	troglodytes		Pan	Hominidae	Primates							
12100621	Piliocolobus badius	Kerr 1792	SPECIES			badius		Piliocolobus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	In Linnaeus, Anim. Kingdom p.74		ferriginea (Shaw, 1800); ferruginosus (É. Geoffroy, 1812); rufoniger (Ogilby, 1838); temminckii (Kuhl, 1820); fuliginosus (Ogilby, 1835); rufo-fuliginus (Ogilby, 1838); waldronae (Hayman, 1936).	Senegal to Ghana.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Critically Endangered as Procolobus b. waldroni (probably extinct: Oates et al., 2000), Endangered as P. b. badius and P. b. temminckii.	Includes waldronae and temmincki; see Dandelot (1974:33); but also see Rahm (1970).	Western Red Colobus
12100622	Piliocolobus badius subsp. badius	Kerr 1792	SUBSPECIES		badius	badius		Piliocolobus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	In Linnaeus, Anim. Kingdom p.74						
12100623	Piliocolobus badius subsp. temminckii	Kuhl 1820	SUBSPECIES		temminckii	badius		Piliocolobus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100624	Piliocolobus badius subsp. waldronae	Hayman 1936	SUBSPECIES		waldronae	badius		Piliocolobus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100625	Piliocolobus foai	de Pousargues 1899	SPECIES			foai		Piliocolobus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.5 p.278		graueri (Dollman, 1909); kabambarei Matschie, 1914; lulidicus Matschie, 1914; ellioti (Dollman, 1909); anzeliusi Matschie, 1914; langi (J. A. Allen, 1925); melanochir Matschie, 1914; multicolor (Lorenz, 1914); variabilis (Lorenz, 1914); oustaleti (Trouessart, 1906); brunneus (Lönnberg, 1919); nigrimanus (Trouessart, 1906); powelli (Matschie, 1913); schubotzi (Matschie, 1914); umbrinus (Matschie, 1914); parmentierorum (Colyn and Verheyen, 1987); semlikiensis (Colyn, 1991).	Republic of Congo (Sangha, Oubangui), Dem. Rep. Congo (north of Congo, east of Lualaba), Central African Republic (Ngotto), Sudan (southernmost forests).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient as Procolobus badius foai, P. b. ellioti, P. b. langi, P. b. lulidicus, and P. b. parmentierorum.	A rather heterogeneous species, but subspecies are variable and hard to separate. Considered a separate species by Groves (2001c).	Central African Red Colobus
12100626	Piliocolobus foai subsp. foai	de Pousargues 1899	SUBSPECIES		foai	foai		Piliocolobus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.5 p.278						
12100627	Piliocolobus foai subsp. ellioti	Dollman 1909	SUBSPECIES		ellioti	foai		Piliocolobus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100628	Piliocolobus foai subsp. oustaleti	Trouessart 1906	SUBSPECIES		oustaleti	foai		Piliocolobus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100629	Piliocolobus foai subsp. parmentierorum	Colyn and Verheyen 1987	SUBSPECIES		parmentierorum	foai		Piliocolobus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100630	Piliocolobus foai subsp. semlikiensis	Colyn 1991	SUBSPECIES		semlikiensis	foai		Piliocolobus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100631	Piliocolobus gordonorum	Matschie 1900	SPECIES			gordonorum		Piliocolobus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin p.186			Tanzania, Uzungwa Mtns and forests between Little Ruaha and Ulanga Rivers.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Vulnerable.	Considered a separate species by Groves (2001c).	Uzungwa Red Colobus
12100670	Presbytis rubicunda subsp. chrysea	Davis 1962	SUBSPECIES		chrysea	rubicunda		Presbytis	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100632	Piliocolobus kirkii	Gray 1868	SPECIES			kirkii		Piliocolobus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1868 p.180			Zanzibar.	CITES  Appendix I and U.S. ESA  Endangered as Procolobus pennantii kirki; IUCN  Endangered.	Considered a separate species by Dandelot (1974) and Groves (2001c).	Zanzibar Red Colobus
12100633	Piliocolobus pennantii	Waterhouse 1838	SPECIES			pennantii		Piliocolobus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1838 p.57		bouvieri Rochebrune, 1887; likualae Matschie, 1914; epieni (Grubb and Powell, 1999).	Bioko (Equatorial Guinea), Niger Delta (Nigeria); Sangha-Likouala confluence (Republic of Congo).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Critically Endangered as Procolobus. pennantii bouvieri, Endangered as P. p. pennantii and P. p. epieni.	Does not include foai, gondonorum, kirki, tephrosceles, or tholloni; see Groves (2001c). For discussion of original publication see McAllan and Bruce (1989).	Pennants Red Colobus
12100634	Piliocolobus pennantii subsp. pennantii	Waterhouse 1838	SUBSPECIES		pennantii	pennantii		Piliocolobus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1838 p.57						
12100635	Piliocolobus pennantii subsp. bouvieri	Rochebrune 1887	SUBSPECIES		bouvieri	pennantii		Piliocolobus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100636	Piliocolobus pennantii subsp. epieni	Grubb and Powell 1999	SUBSPECIES		epieni	pennantii		Piliocolobus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100756	Bunopithecus hoolock subsp. leuconedys	Groves 1967	SUBSPECIES		leuconedys	hoolock		Bunopithecus	Hylobatidae	Primates							
12100637	Piliocolobus preussi	Matschie 1900	SPECIES			preussi		Piliocolobus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin p.183			Yabassi Dist. (Cameroon).	CITES  Appendix II; U.S. ESA  Endangered as Procolobus preussi; and IUCN  Endangered as Procolobus pennantii preussi.	Considered by Rahm (1970) to be a subspecies of badius, but see Dandelot (1974:37).	Preusss Red Colobus
12100639	Piliocolobus tephrosceles	Elliot 1907	SPECIES			tephrosceles		Piliocolobus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.20 p.195		gudoviusi (Matschie, 1914).	Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, W Tanzania to Lake Rukwa.	CITES  Appendix II.	Considered a full species by Groves (2001c).	Ugandan Red Colobus
12100640	Piliocolobus tholloni	Milne-Edwards 1886	SPECIES			tholloni		Piliocolobus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	InRivière, Rev. Scient vol.3 12 p.15		lovizettii (Matschie, 1913).	South of Congo River, west of Lomami River (Dem. Rep. Congo).	CITES  Appendix II.	Dandelot (1974:35) considered tholloni a distinct species; followed by Groves (2001c).	Thollons Red Colobus
12100641	Presbytis	Eschscholtz 1821	GENUS					Presbytis	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Reise (Kotzebue) vol.3 p.196	Presbytis mitrata Eschscholtz, 1821 (= Simia melalophos Raffles, 1821).	Corypithecus Trouessart, 1879; Lophopitheus Trouessart, 1879; Presbypitheus Trouessart, 1879.			Does not include Semnopithecus and Trachypithecus, pace McKenna and Bell (1997; see Brandon-Jones [1984]; Groves [1989, 2001c]; Hooijer [1962:20-24]). Szalay and Delson (1979:402) included these and Kasi as subgenera.	
12100642	Presbytis chrysomelas	Müller 1838	SPECIES			chrysomelas		Presbytis	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. Physiol. vol.5 p.138		cruciger  (Thomas, 1892); arwasca Miller, 1934.	Kalimantan north of Kapuas River (Indonesia), Sarawak, Sabah (Borneo, Malaysia).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient as Presbytis femoralis chrysomelas and P. f. cruciger.	Separated from P. femoralis by Groves (2001c).	Sarawak Surili
12100643	Presbytis chrysomelas subsp. chrysomelas	Müller 1838	SUBSPECIES		chrysomelas	chrysomelas		Presbytis	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. Physiol. vol.5 p.138						
12100644	Presbytis chrysomelas subsp. cruciger	Thomas 1892	SUBSPECIES		cruciger	chrysomelas		Presbytis	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100645	Presbytis comata	Desmarest 1822	SPECIES			comata		Presbytis	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Mammalogie, in Encycl. Meth. vol.2(Suppl.) p.533		aygula , various authors; fredericae (Sody, 1930).	W and C Java (Indonesia).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Endangered as P. comata, Data Deficient as P. fredericae.	Formerly called P. aygula, but see Napier and Groves (1983) who showed that aygula is a nomen oblitum for Macaca fascicularis. Brandon-Jones (1984) considered fredericae to be a separate species.	Javan Surili
12100646	Presbytis comata subsp. comata	Desmarest 1822	SUBSPECIES		comata	comata		Presbytis	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Mammalogie, in Encycl. Meth. vol.2(Suppl.) p.533						
12100647	Presbytis comata subsp. fredericae	Sody 1930	SUBSPECIES		fredericae	comata		Presbytis	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100667	Presbytis rubicunda	Müller 1838	SPECIES			rubicunda		Presbytis	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. Physiol. vol.5 p.137		carimatae  Miller, 1906; chrysea Davis, 1962; ignita Dollman, 1909; rubida (Lyon, 1911).	Borneo; Karimata Isl (Indonesia).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient as P. r. chrysea, otherwise Lower Risk (lc), not evaluated as carimatae and ignita.		Maroon Leaf-Monkey
12100648	Presbytis femoralis	Martin 1838	SPECIES			femoralis		Presbytis	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Mag. Nat. Hist. [Charlesworth's] vol.2 p.436		australis Miller, 1913; neglectus (Schlegel, 1876); percura Lyon, 1908; robinsoni Thomas, 1910; keatii Robinson and Kloss, 1911.	Far south and northwest of Malay Peninsula; peninsular part of Thailand and Burma; Singapore; NE Sumatra, between Rokan and Siak Rivers.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient as P. f. percura and P. f. robinsoni, otherwise Lower Risk (nt).	Separated from P. melalophos by Wilson and Wilson (1977:217-222); recognized as a species by Aimi et al. (1986). Does not include chrysomelas or natunae (see Groves, 2001c), or siamensis; see Brandon-Jones (1974).	Banded Surili
12100649	Presbytis femoralis subsp. femoralis	Martin 1838	SUBSPECIES		femoralis	femoralis		Presbytis	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Mag. Nat. Hist. [Charlesworth's] vol.2 p.436						
12100650	Presbytis femoralis subsp. percura	Lyon 1908	SUBSPECIES		percura	femoralis		Presbytis	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100651	Presbytis femoralis subsp. robinsoni	Thomas 1910	SUBSPECIES		robinsoni	femoralis		Presbytis	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100652	Presbytis frontata	Müller 1838	SPECIES			frontata		Presbytis	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. Physiol. vol.5 p.136		nudifrons  Elliot, 1909.	C and E Borneo, from C Sarawak to S coast.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient.		White-fronted Langur
12100653	Presbytis hosei	Thomas 1889	SPECIES			hosei		Presbytis	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1889 p.159		canicrus  Miller, 1934; everetti (Thomas, 1892); sabana (Thomas, 1893).	N and E Borneo: Brunei, E Sarawak, Sabah (Malaysia), south to Karangan River in Kalimantan (Indonesia).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Vulnerable as P. h. sabana, Data Deficient as P. h. hosei, P. h. canicrus and P. h. everetti. Nominotypical hosei perhaps extinct.	Separated from "aygula" (= comata) by Medway (1970:544). Possibly canicrus and sabana are distinct species (Groves, 2001c).	Hoses Langur
12100654	Presbytis hosei subsp. hosei	Thomas 1889	SUBSPECIES		hosei	hosei		Presbytis	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1889 p.159						
12100655	Presbytis hosei subsp. canicrus	Miller 1934	SUBSPECIES		canicrus	hosei		Presbytis	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100658	Presbytis melalophos	Raffles 1821	SPECIES			melalophos		Presbytis	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol.13 p.245		aurata (Müller and Schlegel, 1861); ferrugineus (Schlegel, 1876); flavimanus (I. Geoffroy, 1831); nobilis (Gray, 1842); bicolor Aimi and Bakar, 1992; mitrata Eschscholtz, 1821; fluviatilis (Chasen, 1940); fusco-murina Elliot, 1906; sumatranus (Müller and Schlegel, 1841); batuanus Miller, 1903; margae Hooijer, 1948.	Sumatra (Indonesia).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient as P. femoralis batuana, Lower Risk (nt), not evaluated as bicolor, mitrata, and nobilis.	Does not include P. femoralis, which was regarded as a separate species by Wilson and Wilson (1977:217-222), or siamensis, which was separated by Brandon-Jones (1984), or natunae or chrysomelas, which were separated by Groves (2001c).	Sumatran Surili
12100659	Presbytis melalophos subsp. melalophos	Raffles 1821	SUBSPECIES		melalophos	melalophos		Presbytis	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol.13 p.245						
12100660	Presbytis melalophos subsp. bicolor	Aimi and Bakar 1992	SUBSPECIES		bicolor	melalophos		Presbytis	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100661	Presbytis melalophos subsp. mitrata	Eschscholtz 1821	SUBSPECIES		mitrata	melalophos		Presbytis	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100662	Presbytis melalophos subsp. sumatranus	Müller and Schlegel 1841	SUBSPECIES		sumatranus	melalophos		Presbytis	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100663	Presbytis natunae	Thomas and Hartert 1894	SPECIES			natunae		Presbytis	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Novit. Zool. vol.1 p.652			Bunguran Isl (Indonesia).	CITES  Appendix II.	Separated from P. siamensis by Groves (2001c).	Natuna Island Surili
12100664	Presbytis potenziani	Bonaparte 1856	SPECIES			potenziani		Presbytis	Cercopithecidae	Primates	C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris vol.43 p.412		chrysogaster (Peters, 1867); siberu (Chasen and Kloss, 1927).	Mentawai Isls (Indonesia).	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Threatened; IUCN  Vulnerable as P. p. potenziani and P. p. siberu.		Mentawai Langur
12100665	Presbytis potenziani subsp. potenziani	Bonaparte 1856	SUBSPECIES		potenziani	potenziani		Presbytis	Cercopithecidae	Primates	C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris vol.43 p.412						
12100666	Presbytis potenziani subsp. siberu	Chasen and Kloss 1927	SUBSPECIES		siberu	potenziani		Presbytis	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100668	Presbytis rubicunda subsp. rubicunda	Müller 1838	SUBSPECIES		rubicunda	rubicunda		Presbytis	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. Physiol. vol.5 p.137						
12100673	Presbytis siamensis	Müller and Schlegel 1841	SPECIES			siamensis		Presbytis	Cercopithecidae	Primates	InTemminck, Verh. Nat. Ges. Overz. Bezitt. Zool. (Mamm.) p.60		dilecta Elliot, 1909; nigrimanus (I. Geoffroy, 1843); nubigena Elliot, 1909; cana Miller, 1906; amsiri Kawamura, 1984 [nomen nudum]; catemana Lyon, 1908; paenulata (Chasen, 1940); rhionis Miller, 1903.	Malay Peninsula, except far south and northwest; E Sumatra between Siak and Inderagiri Rivers, between Rokan and Barimun Rivers, Lake Toba region, and perhaps Jambi district; Kundur, Bintang, and probably Batam and Galang Isls, Riau Arch. (Indonesia).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Separated from P. femoralis by Brandon-Jones (1984).	White-thighed Surili
12100674	Presbytis siamensis subsp. siamensis	Müller and Schlegel 1841	SUBSPECIES		siamensis	siamensis		Presbytis	Cercopithecidae	Primates	InTemminck, Verh. Nat. Ges. Overz. Bezitt. Zool. (Mamm.) p.60						
12100675	Presbytis siamensis subsp. cana	Miller 1906	SUBSPECIES		cana	siamensis		Presbytis	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100676	Presbytis siamensis subsp. paenulata	Chasen 1940	SUBSPECIES		paenulata	siamensis		Presbytis	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100677	Presbytis siamensis subsp. rhionis	Miller 1903	SUBSPECIES		rhionis	siamensis		Presbytis	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100770	Hylobates muelleri subsp. abbotti	Kloss 1929	SUBSPECIES		abbotti	muelleri		Hylobates	Hylobatidae	Primates							
12100678	Presbytis thomasi	Collett 1892 "1893"	SPECIES			thomasi		Presbytis	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1892 p.613		nubilus  Miller, 1942.	Sumatra: Aceh, south to about 3°50'N.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Separated from "aygula" (= comata) by Medway (1970:544). Considered a subspecies of comata by Brandon-Jones (1984).	Thomass Langur
12100679	Procolobus	Rochebrune 1877	GENUS					Procolobus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Faune de Sénégambie, Suppl. Vert., Mamm. vol.1 p.95	Colobus verus Van Beneden, 1838.	Lophocolobus de Pousargue, 1895.			Separate from Colobus, see Corbet and Hill (1980:90) and Groves (1989).	
12100680	Procolobus verus	Van Beneden 1838	SPECIES			verus		Procolobus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Bull. Acad. Sci. Belles-Letters Bruxelles vol.5 p.347		chrysurus (Gray, 1866); cristatus (Gray, 1866); olivaceus (Wagner, 1840).	Sierra Leone to Togo; Idah Dist. (E Nigeria, see Menzies, 1970, for comments).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Separated as a genus from Colobus by Dandelot (1974:37) and Corbet and Hill (1980:90).	Olive Colobus
12100681	Pygathrix	É. Geoffroy 1812	GENUS					Pygathrix	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.19 p.90	Simia nemaeus Linnaeus, 1771.	Daunus Gray, 1821.			Rhinopithecus included in Pygathrix by Groves (1970) and Szalay and Delson (1979:404) and McKenna and Bell (1997); but see Jablonski and Peng (1993) and Groves (2001c), who recognized that the two are sister-groups but retained them as separate genera.	
12100682	Pygathrix cinerea	Nadler 1997	SPECIES			cinerea		Pygathrix	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Zool. Garten, NF vol.67 p.165			C Vietnam, 13°59-14°46N.	CITES  Appendix I; IUCN  Endangered as P. nemaeus cinerea.		Gray-shanked Douc Langur
12100683	Pygathrix nemaeus	Linnaeus 1771	SPECIES			nemaeus		Pygathrix	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Mantissa Plantarum p.521			C Vietnam, E Laos, from 20°N to about 14°N, perhaps as far as 13°N.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Endangered as P. n. nemaeus.	Does not include nigripes (see Groves, 2001c).	Red-shanked Douc Langur
12100684	Pygathrix nigripes	Milne-Edwards 1871	SPECIES			nigripes		Pygathrix	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Bull. Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.6 p.7		moi (Kloss, 1926).	S Vietnam, from about 10°30N to 14°30N; Cambodia east of the Mekong River.	CITES  Appendix I; IUCN  Endangered.	Separated from nemaeus by Nadler (1997) and Groves (2001c).	Black-shanked Douc Langur
12100685	Rhinopithecus	Milne-Edwards 1872	GENUS					Rhinopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Rech. Nat. Hist. Mamm. p.233	Semnopithecus roxellana Milne-Edwards, 1872.	Presbytiscus Pocock, 1924.			Included in Pygathrix by Groves (1970) and Szalay and Delson (1979:404); but see Jablonski and Peng (1993) and Groves (2001c), who recognized that the two are sister-groups but retained them as separate genera. Jablonski and Peng (1993) recognized Presbytiscus as a valid subgenus.	
12100686	Rhinopithecus avunculus	Dollman 1912	SPECIES			avunculus		Rhinopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1912 106 p.18			NW Vietnam.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Placed in subgenus Presbytiscus by Jablonski and Peng (1993).	Tonkin Snub-nosed Monkey
12100687	Rhinopithecus bieti	Milne-Edwards 1897	SPECIES			bieti		Rhinopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.3 p.157			Ridge of Mekong-Salween divide, Yunnan (China).	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA and IUCN  Endangered.	Considered a subspecies of roxellana by Groves (1970:569), but regarded as a full species by Peng et al. (1988).	Black Snub-nosed Monkey
12100735	Trachypithecus phayrei subsp. crepuscula	Elliot 1909	SUBSPECIES		crepuscula	phayrei	Trachypithecus	Trachypithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100688	Rhinopithecus brelichi	Thomas 1903	SPECIES			brelichi		Rhinopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1903 1 p.224			Van Gin Shan (Fanjinshan) Range (Guizhou, China).	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA and IUCN  Endangered.	Considered a valid species by Groves (1970:569).	Gray Snub-nosed Monkey
12100689	Rhinopithecus roxellana	Milne-Edwards 1870	SPECIES			roxellana		Rhinopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris vol.70 p.341		roxellanae (Milne-Edwards, 1872); hubeiensis Y. Wang, Jiang and Li, 1998; qinlingensis Y. Wang, Jiang and Li, 1998.	Mountains of Sichuan, S Ganssu, Hubei, Shaanxi (China).	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Vulnerable as R. r. hubeiensis, R. r. qinlingensis, and R. r. roxellana.		Golden Snub-nosed Monkey
12100690	Rhinopithecus roxellana subsp. roxellana	Milne-Edwards 1870	SUBSPECIES		roxellana	roxellana		Rhinopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris vol.70 p.341						
12100691	Rhinopithecus roxellana subsp. hubeiensis	Y. Wang, Jiang and Li 1998	SUBSPECIES		hubeiensis	roxellana		Rhinopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100692	Rhinopithecus roxellana subsp. qinlingensis	Y. Wang, Jiang and Li 1998	SUBSPECIES		qinlingensis	roxellana		Rhinopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100693	Semnopithecus	Desmarest 1822	GENUS					Semnopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Mammalogie, in Encycl. Meth vol.2(Suppl.) p.532	Simia entellus Dufresne, 1797.				Considered a subgenus of Presbytis by Szalay and Delson (1979); separated from Presbytis by Groves (1989). All taxa have generally been placed in a single species (entellus), but Groves (2001c) divided them into seven species.	
12100694	Semnopithecus ajax	Pocock 1928	SPECIES			ajax		Semnopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. vol.32 p.480			India, Dehra Dun west into Pakistani Kashmir, 2000-3000 m.	CITES  Appendix I and U.S. ESA  Endangered as included in S. entellus; IUCN  Lower Risk (nt) as S. entellus ajax.		Kashmir Gray Langur
12100695	Semnopithecus dussumieri	I. Geoffroy 1843	SPECIES			dussumieri		Semnopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris vol.15 p.719		achates (Pocock, 1928); anchises (Blyth, 1844); elissa (Pocock, 1928); iulus (Pocock, 1928); priamellus (Pocock, 1928).	SW and WC India.	CITES  Appendix I and U.S. ESA  Endangered as included in S. entellus; IUCN  Data Deficient as S. entellus dussumieri, S. e. achises, and S. e. elissa.		Southern Plains Gray Langur
12100696	Semnopithecus entellus	Dufresne 1797	SPECIES			entellus		Semnopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris, ser. 1 vol.7 p.49			Pakistan and India, lowlands north of Godavari and Krishna Rivers, south of Ganges.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).		Northern Plains Gray Langur
12100697	Semnopithecus hector	Pocock 1928	SPECIES			hector		Semnopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. vol.32 p.481			India (Kumaun) to Nepal (Hazaria district), 600-1800 m.	CITES  Appendix I and U.S. ESA  Endangered as included in S. entellus; IUCN  Lower Risk (nt) as S. entellus hector.		Tarai Gray Langur
12100698	Semnopithecus hypoleucos	Blyth 1841	SPECIES			hypoleucos		Semnopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.10 p.839		aeneas (Pocock, 1928).	India, Kerala, South Coorg region.	CITES  I and U.S. ESA  Endangered as included in S. entellus; IUCN  Data Deficient as S. entellus hypoleucos.		Black-footed Gray Langur
12100699	Semnopithecus priam	Blyth 1844	SPECIES			priam		Semnopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 2 vol.13 p.312		pallipes Blyth, 1844 [nomen nudum]; priamus Blyth, 1847; thersites (Blyth, 1847).	SE India; Sri Lanka.	CITES  Appendix I and U.S. ESA  Endangered as included in S. entellus; IUCN  Vulnerable as S. entellus thersites, Data Deficient as S. entellus priam.		Tufted Gray Langur
12100700	Semnopithecus schistaceus	Hodgson 1840	SPECIES			schistaceus		Semnopithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.9 p.1212		achilles (Pocock, 1928); lania (Elliot, 1909); nipalensis Hodgson, 1840.	Nepal, east of Gorkha, to Sikkim and parts of southernmost Tibet (China), 1500-3500 m.	CITES  Appendix I and U.S. ESA  Endangered as included in S. entellus; IUCN  Lower Risk (nt) as S. entellus schistaceus.		Nepal Gray Langur
12100701	Simias	Miller 1903	GENUS					Simias	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Smithson. Misc. Coll. vol.45 p.67	Simias concolor Miller, 1903.				Included in Nasalis by Groves (1970:639); Szalay and Delson (1979) and Delson (1975:217) considered Simias a subgenus; but also see Krumbiegel (1978) and Napier (1985), who restored it to generic rank.	
12100736	Trachypithecus phayrei subsp. shanicus	Wroughton 1917	SUBSPECIES		shanicus	phayrei	Trachypithecus	Trachypithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100702	Simias concolor	Miller 1903	SPECIES			concolor		Simias	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Smithson. Misc. Coll. vol.45 p.67		siberu  Chasen and Kloss, 1927.	Mentawai Isls (Indonesia).	CITES  Appendix I and U.S. ESA  Endangered as Nasalis concolor; IUCN  Endangered as S. c. concolor and S. c. siberu.		Simakobou
12100703	Trachypithecus	Reichenbach 1862	GENUS					Trachypithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Vollständ. Nat. Affen p.89	Semnopithecus pyrrhus Horsfield, 1823 (= Cercopithecus auratus É. Geoffroy, 1812).	Kasi Reichenbach, 1862.			Separated from Presbytis by Hooijer (1962) and Groves (1989, 2001c). Includes subgenus Kasi (for T. vetulus group). Included in Semnopithecus by Brandon-Jones (1984, 1995); provisionally retained as a genus by Groves (2001c), but its monophyletic status is not confirmed. The species groups are: (1) T. vetulus group (vetulus, johnii), (2) T. cristatus group (auratus, cristatus, germaini, barbei), (3) T. obscurus group (obscurus, phayrei), (4) T. pileatus group (pileatus, shortridgei, geei), (5) T. francoisi group (francoisi, hatinhensis, poliocephalus, laotum, delacouri, ebenus).	
12100704	Trachypithecus	Reichenbach 1862	SUBGENUS				Trachypithecus	Trachypithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Vollständ. Nat. Affen p.89	Semnopithecus pyrrhus Horsfield, 1823 (= Cercopithecus auratus É. Geoffroy, 1812).					
12100722	Trachypithecus hatinhensis	Dao 1970	SPECIES			hatinhensis	Trachypithecus	Trachypithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin vol.46 p.61			Vietnam, Quang Binh and neighbouring regions.	CITES  Appendix II; U.S. ESA  Endangered as included in T. francoisi; IUCN  Endangered as T. francoisi hatinhensis.	T. francoisi species group. Considered a species separate from francoisi by Brandon-Jones (1995).	Hatinh Langur
12100706	Trachypithecus auratus	É. Geoffroy 1812	SPECIES			auratus	Trachypithecus	Trachypithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.19 p.93		kohlbruggei (Sody, 1931); maurus (Horsfield, 1823); pyrrhus (Horsfield, 1823); sondaicus (Robinson and Kloss, 1919); stresemanni Pocock, 1934; mauritius (Griffith, 1821).	Java, Bali, and Lombok (Indonesia).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Endangered as T. a. auratus and T. a. mauritius.	T. cristatus species group. Separated from T. cristatus by Weitzel and Groves (1985). Brandon-Jones (1995) placed this species, together with T. johnii and all the T. francoisi species group, in a separate (auratus) species group.	Javan Lutung
12100707	Trachypithecus auratus subsp. auratus	É. Geoffroy 1812	SUBSPECIES		auratus	auratus	Trachypithecus	Trachypithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.19 p.93						
12100708	Trachypithecus auratus subsp. mauritius	Griffith 1821	SUBSPECIES		mauritius	auratus	Trachypithecus	Trachypithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100709	Trachypithecus barbei	Blyth 1847	SPECIES			barbei	Trachypithecus	Trachypithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.16 p.734		atrior (Pocock, 1928).	N penisular Burma and Thailand, 14°20-15°10N, 98°30-98°55E.	CITES  Appendix II.	T. cristatus species group. On the question of the identity of barbei, see Groves (2001c:266).	Tenasserim Lutung
12100710	Trachypithecus cristatus	Raffles 1821	SPECIES			cristatus	Trachypithecus	Trachypithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol.13 p.244		pruinosus (Desmarest, 1822); pullata (Thomas and Wroughton, 1909); rutledgii (Anderson, 1878); ultima (Elliot, 1910); vigilans (Miller, 1913).	Borneo, Natuna Isl, Bangka, Belitung, Sumatra, Riau Archipelago, and W coast of Malay Peninsula.	CITES  Appendix II.	T. cristatus species group. Does not include barbei and germaini, see Groves (2001c).	Silvery Lutung
12100711	Trachypithecus cristatus subsp. cristatus	Raffles 1821	SUBSPECIES		cristatus	cristatus	Trachypithecus	Trachypithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol.13 p.244						
12100712	Trachypithecus cristatus subsp. vigilans	Miller 1913	SUBSPECIES		vigilans	cristatus	Trachypithecus	Trachypithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100713	Trachypithecus delacouri	Osgood 1932	SPECIES			delacouri	Trachypithecus	Trachypithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Zool. vol.18 p.205			Vietnam south of Red River, 18°-21°36N.	CITES  Appendix II; U.S. ESA  Endangered as included in T. francoisi; IUCN  Critically Endangered.	T. francoisi species group. Considered a species separate from francoisi by Brandon-Jones (1995).	Delacours Langur
12100714	Trachypithecus ebenus	Brandon-Jones 1995	SPECIES			ebenus	Trachypithecus	Trachypithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Raffles Bulletin of Zoology vol.43 p.15			Unknown. May be restricted to region of type locality (Brandon-Jones, 1995); but apparently occurs in Hin Namno National Biodiversity Conservation area, Laos, on Vietnam border at about 17°30N according to Nadler (1998).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient as T. francoisi ebenus.	T. francoisi species group. Described as a subspecies of T. auratus by Brandon-Jones (1995), but raised to species rank and transferred to the T. francoisi group by Groves (2001c).	Indochinese Black Langur
13700547	Sorex monticolus subsp. setosus	Elliot 1899	SUBSPECIES		setosus	monticolus	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
12100715	Trachypithecus francoisi	Pousargues 1898	SPECIES			francoisi	Trachypithecus	Trachypithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.4 p.319			N Vietnam, C Laos, Kwangsi (China).	CITES  Appendix II; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Vulnerable.	T. francoisi species group. The taxa poliocephalus, hatinhensis, laotum and delacouri, generally placed as subspecies of francoisi, were raised to specific rank by Brandon-Jones (1995).	François Langur
12100716	Trachypithecus geei	Khajuria 1956	SPECIES			geei	Trachypithecus	Trachypithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 12 vol.9 p.86		bhutanensis Wangchuk, Inouye and Hare, 2003.	Between Sankosh and Manas Rivers, Indo-Bhutan border (on both sides).	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA and IUCN  Endangered.	T. pileatus species group. For authorship of geei, see Biswas (1967).	Gees Golden Langur
12100717	Trachypithecus geei subsp. geei	Khajuria 1956	SUBSPECIES		geei	geei	Trachypithecus	Trachypithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 12 vol.9 p.86						
12100718	Trachypithecus geei subsp. bhutanensis	Wangchuk, Inouye and Hare 2003	SUBSPECIES		bhutanensis	geei	Trachypithecus	Trachypithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100719	Trachypithecus germaini	Milne-Edwards 1876	SPECIES			germaini	Trachypithecus	Trachypithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Bull. Soc. Philom. vol.6 11 p.8		koratensis (Kloss, 1919); mandibularis (Kloss, 1916); margarita (Elliot, 1909); caudalis (Dao, 1977).	Thailand and Burma (north of the peninsula), Cambodia, Vietnam, to 15°N.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Data Deficient as T. villosus ? germaini and T. v. caudalis.	T. cristatus species group. Separated from cristatus by Groves (2001c).	Indochinese Lutung
12100723	Trachypithecus johnii	J. Fischer 1829	SPECIES			johnii	Kasi	Trachypithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Synopsis Mamm. p.25		cucullatus (Fischer, 1829); jubatus (Wagner, 1839); ?leonina (Shaw, 1800).	S India.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Vulnerable.	T. vetulus species group. Often referred to subgenus Kasi, see Szalay and Delson (1979:402).	Nilgiri Langur
12100724	Trachypithecus laotum	Thomas 1911	SPECIES			laotum	Trachypithecus	Trachypithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.7 p.181			C Laos.	CITES  Appendix II; U.S. ESA Endangered as included in T. francoisi; IUCN  Data Deficient.	T. francoisi species group. Considered a species separate from francoisi by Brandon-Jones (1995).	Laotian Langur
12100725	Trachypithecus obscurus	Reid 1837	SPECIES			obscurus	Trachypithecus	Trachypithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1837 p.14		leucomystax (Müller and Schlegel, 1841); carbo (Thomas and Wroughton, 1909); corvus (Miller, 1913); flavicauda (Elliot, 1910); corax Pocock, 1934; ruhei (Knottnerus-Meyer, 1933); smithii (Kloss, 1916); halonifer (Cantor, 1845); sanctorum (Elliot, 1910); seimundi (Chasen, 1940); styx (Kloss, 1911).	S Thailand and Malay Peninsula, and small adjacent islands.	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc), subspecies not evaluated.	T. obscurus species group.	Dusky Leaf-monkey
12100726	Trachypithecus obscurus subsp. obscurus	Reid 1837	SUBSPECIES		obscurus	obscurus	Trachypithecus	Trachypithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1837 p.14						
12100727	Trachypithecus obscurus subsp. carbo	Thomas and Wroughton 1909	SUBSPECIES		carbo	obscurus	Trachypithecus	Trachypithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100728	Trachypithecus obscurus subsp. flavicauda	Elliot 1910	SUBSPECIES		flavicauda	obscurus	Trachypithecus	Trachypithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100729	Trachypithecus obscurus subsp. halonifer	Cantor 1845	SUBSPECIES		halonifer	obscurus	Trachypithecus	Trachypithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100730	Trachypithecus obscurus subsp. sanctorum	Elliot 1910	SUBSPECIES		sanctorum	obscurus	Trachypithecus	Trachypithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100731	Trachypithecus obscurus subsp. seimundi	Chasen 1940	SUBSPECIES		seimundi	obscurus	Trachypithecus	Trachypithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100732	Trachypithecus obscurus subsp. styx	Kloss 1911	SUBSPECIES		styx	obscurus	Trachypithecus	Trachypithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100733	Trachypithecus phayrei	Blyth 1847	SPECIES			phayrei	Trachypithecus	Trachypithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.16 p.733		barbei (Blyth, 1863) [not of Blyth, 1847]; holotephreus (Anderson, 1878); melamera (Elliot, 1909); crepuscula (Elliot, 1909); argenteus (Kloss, 1919); wroughtoni (Elliot, 1909); shanicus (Wroughton, 1917).	Laos, Burma, C Vietnam, C and N Thailand, Yunnan (China).	CITES  Appendix II; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	T. obscurus species group.	Phayres Leaf-monkey
12100734	Trachypithecus phayrei subsp. phayrei	Blyth 1847	SUBSPECIES		phayrei	phayrei	Trachypithecus	Trachypithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.16 p.733						
12100737	Trachypithecus pileatus	Blyth 1843	SPECIES			pileatus	Trachypithecus	Trachypithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.12 p.174		argentatus (Horsfield, 1851); brahma (Wroughton, 1916); durga (Wroughton, 1916); saturatus (Hinton, 1923); tenebricus (Wroughton, 1915).	Assam, NW Burma (west of Chindwin River); E Bangladesh.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Endangered as T. p. pileatus, T. p. brahma, T. p. durga, and T. p. tenebricus.	T. pileatus species group. Does not include shortridgei (see Groves, 2001c).	Capped Langur
12100738	Trachypithecus pileatus subsp. pileatus	Blyth 1843	SUBSPECIES		pileatus	pileatus	Trachypithecus	Trachypithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.12 p.174						
12100739	Trachypithecus pileatus subsp. brahma	Wroughton 1916	SUBSPECIES		brahma	pileatus	Trachypithecus	Trachypithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100740	Trachypithecus pileatus subsp. durga	Wroughton 1916	SUBSPECIES		durga	pileatus	Trachypithecus	Trachypithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100741	Trachypithecus pileatus subsp. tenebricus	Wroughton 1915	SUBSPECIES		tenebricus	pileatus	Trachypithecus	Trachypithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100773	Nomascus	Miller 1933	GENUS					Nomascus	Hylobatidae	Primates	J. Mamm. vol.14 p.159	Hylobates leucogenys Ogilby, 1840.				Separated as a genus distinct from Hylobates (Groves, 2001c).	
12100771	Hylobates muelleri subsp. funereus	I. Geoffroy 1850	SUBSPECIES		funereus	muelleri		Hylobates	Hylobatidae	Primates							
12100772	Hylobates pileatus	Gray 1861	SPECIES			pileatus		Hylobates	Hylobatidae	Primates	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1861 p.136			SE Thailand and Cambodia south of the Mun and Takhrong Rivers and west of the Mekong River.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Vulnerable.		Pileated Gibbon
12100742	Trachypithecus poliocephalus	Pousargues 1898	SPECIES			poliocephalus	Trachypithecus	Trachypithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.4 p.319		leucocephalus  Tan, 1955.	Cat Ba Isl (Vietnam); Guangxi (China).	CITES  Appendix II; U.S. ESA Endangered as included in T. francoisi; IUCN  Critically Endangered as T. p. poliocephalus and T. p. leucocephalus.	T. francoisi species group. Considered a species separate from francoisi by Brandon-Jones (1995). Subspecies leucocephalus was considered to be a partially albinistic population of francoisi by Brandon-Jones (1995), but (provisionally) a subspecies of poliocephalus by Groves (2001c).	White-headed Langur
12100743	Trachypithecus poliocephalus subsp. poliocephalus	Pousargues 1898	SUBSPECIES		poliocephalus	poliocephalus	Trachypithecus	Trachypithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.4 p.319						
12100744	Trachypithecus poliocephalus subsp. leucocephalus	Tan 1955	SUBSPECIES		leucocephalus	poliocephalus	Trachypithecus	Trachypithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates						Considered a partially albinistic population of francoisi by Brandon-Jones (1995), but (provisionally) a subspecies of poliocephalus by Groves (2001c).	
12100745	Trachypithecus shortridgei	Wroughton 1915	SPECIES			shortridgei	Trachypithecus	Trachypithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. vol.24 p.56		belliger (Wroughton, 1915).	Burma, east of Chindwin River; Gongshan (Yunnan, China).	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered as T. pileatus shortridgei.	T. pileatus species group. Separated from pileatus by Groves (2001c).	Shortridges Langur
12100746	Trachypithecus vetulus	Erxleben 1777	SPECIES	Cercopithecus vetulus		vetulus	Kasi	Trachypithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Syst. Regni Anim. p.24		cephalopterus (Boddaert, 1785); fulvogriseus (Desmoulins, 1825); kelaarti (Schlegel, 1876); kephalopterus (Zimmermann, 1780); latibarba (Temminck, 1807); latibarbatus (É. Geoffroy, 1812); leucoprymnus (Otto, 1825); porphyrops (Link, 1795); purpuratus (Kerr, 1792); veter (Shaw, 1800); monticola (Kelaart, 1850); ursinus (Blyth, 1851); nestor (Bennett, 1833); phillipsi (Hinton, 1923); philbricki (Phillips, 1927); harti (Deraniyagala, 1955); <u>not allocated to subspecies</u>: albinus (Kelaart, 1851); senex (Erxleben, 1777).	Sri Lanka.	CITES  Appendix II; U.S. ESA  Threatened as Presbytis senex; IUCN  Endangered as T. v. vetulus, T. v. monticola, T. v. nestor, and T. v. philbricki.	T. vetulus species group. Type of subgenus Kasi; see Szalay and Delson (1979:402). On the use of vetulus, instead of the previously more commonly used senex, for the species, see Napier (1985:72).	Purple-faced Langur
12100747	Trachypithecus vetulus subsp. vetulus	Erxleben 1777	SUBSPECIES		vetulus	vetulus	Kasi	Trachypithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates	Syst. Regni Anim. p.24						
12100748	Trachypithecus vetulus subsp. monticola	Kelaart 1850	SUBSPECIES		monticola	vetulus	Kasi	Trachypithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100749	Trachypithecus vetulus subsp. nestor	Bennett 1833	SUBSPECIES		nestor	vetulus	Kasi	Trachypithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100750	Trachypithecus vetulus subsp. philbricki	Phillips 1927	SUBSPECIES		philbricki	vetulus	Kasi	Trachypithecus	Cercopithecidae	Primates							
12100751	Hominoidea	Gray 1825	SUPERFAMILY							Primates	Ann. Philos., n.s. vol.10 p.344						
13700026	Crocidura andamanensis	Miller 1902	SPECIES			andamanensis		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. vol.24 p.777			Andaman Isls, Bay of Bengal.	IUCN  Data Deficient.	Erroneously attributed to genus Suncus by Krumbiegel (1978:71). The species was recently collected on Mt. Harriet, Andaman Isls (Das, 1999).	Andaman Shrew
12100752	Hylobatidae	Gray 1871	FAMILY						Hylobatidae	Primates	Cat. Monkeys, Lemurs, Fruit-eating Bats Brit. Mus. p.4					Vaughan (1978:39-40) included this family in Pongidae (which is here considered a part of Hominidae); but see Delson and Andrews (1975:441) and Thenius (1981). Szalay and Delson (1979:461), McKenna and Bell (1997), and Goodman et al. (1998) included Hylobatidae in Hominidae. The family is usually awarded a single genus (Hylobates), which is divided into four subgenera, but Groves (2001c:289) and Roos and Geissmann (2001) considered that they should probably be elevated to full genera, but Groves (2001c) did not take this final step because of the nomenclature problem of Bunopithecus. It seems, however, undesirable that a problem of nomenclature should be allowed to obstruct a desirable taxonomic change. Goodman et al. (1998) separated Symphalangus and Hylobates as full genera (they had no material for the other two genera/subgenera).	
12100753	Bunopithecus	Matthew and Granger 1923	GENUS					Bunopithecus	Hylobatidae	Primates	Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.48 p.588	Bunopithecus sericus Matthew and Granger, 1923 (a fossil species).	Hoolock Haimoff et al., 1984 [nomen nudum].			This genus will have to be renamed and redefined, as Bunopithecus sericus is outside the modern gibbon clade and the Hoolock gibbon does not belong to the same genus (Groves, 2001c); this was the reason why Groves (2001c) did not take the step of elevating the subgenera of Hylobates to generic rank.	
12100802	Pan troglodytes subsp. verus	Schwarz 1934	SUBSPECIES		verus	troglodytes		Pan	Hominidae	Primates							
12100799	Pan troglodytes subsp. troglodytes	Blumenbach 1775	SUBSPECIES		troglodytes	troglodytes		Pan	Hominidae	Primates	De generis humani varietate native p.37						
12100754	Bunopithecus hoolock	Harlan 1834	SPECIES			hoolock		Bunopithecus	Hylobatidae	Primates	Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. vol.4 p.52		choromandus Ogilby, 1827; fuscus Winslow Lewis, 1834; golock (Bechstein, 1795) [suppressed by Int. Comm. Zool. Nomencl. (1982), Opinion 1219]; hulock Lesson, 1840; scyritus Ogilby, 1840; leuconedys Groves, 1967.	Between the Brahmaputra and Salween Rivers in Assam (India), Burma, and Yunnan (China).	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered as included in Hylobates; IUCN  Endangered as B. h. hoolock and B. h. leuconedys.		Hoolock Gibbon
12100755	Bunopithecus hoolock subsp. hoolock	Harlan 1834	SUBSPECIES		hoolock	hoolock		Bunopithecus	Hylobatidae	Primates	Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. vol.4 p.52						
12100757	Hylobates	Illiger 1811	GENUS					Hylobates	Hylobatidae	Primates	Prodr. Syst. Mamm. Avium. p.67	Homo lar Linnaeus, 1771.	Brachiopithecus  Sénéchal, 1839 [in part]; Brachitanytes Schultz, 1932; Cheiron Burnett, 1829; Gibbon Zimmermann, 1777 [Rejected by Int. Comm. Zool. Nomencl. (1954), Opinion 257]; Laratus Gray, 1821; Methylobates Ameghino, 1882 [in part].			Includes Symphalangus according to Anderson (1967:175); and Nomascus according to Corbet and Hill (1980:91); but these should be given generic rank (Groves, 2001c). Revised by Groves (1972b). Reviewed by Marshall and Marshall (1976).	
12100758	Hylobates agilis	F. Cuvier 1821	SPECIES			agilis		Hylobates	Hylobatidae	Primates	In É. Geoffroy and F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mammifères vol.pt. 2 3(32) p.1-3, "Wouwou"		albo griseus  Ludeking, 1862; albo nigrescens Ludeking, 1862; rafflei É. Geoffroy, 1828; unko Lesson, 1829.	Malay Peninsula from the Mudah and Thepha Rivers on the north to the Perak and Kelanton Rivers on the south; Sumatra (Indonesia), SE of Lake Toba and the Singkil River.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Lower Risk (nt) as H. a. agilis and H. a. unko.	Not a subspecies of lar. Includes albibarbis according to Marshall and Marshall (1976), but this was considered a separate species by Groves (2001c).	Agile Gibbon
12100759	Hylobates albibarbis	Lyon 1911	SPECIES			albibarbis		Hylobates	Hylobatidae	Primates	Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. vol.40 p.142			SW Borneo, south of Kapuas River and W of Barito River.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Lower Risk (nt) as H. agilis albibarbis.	A subspecies of agilis according to Marshall and Marshall (1976), a subspecies of muelleri according to Groves (1974), a distinct species according to Groves (2001c).	Bornean White-bearded Gibbon
12100760	Hylobates klossii	Miller 1903	SPECIES			klossii		Hylobates	Hylobatidae	Primates	Smithson. Misc. Coll. vol.45 p.70			Mentawai Isls (Indonesia).	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Vulnerable.		Klosss Gibbon
12100761	Hylobates lar	Linnaeus 1771	SPECIES			lar		Hylobates	Hylobatidae	Primates	Mantissa Plantarum p.521		albimana (Vigors and Horsfield, 1828); longimana (Schreber, 1774); variegatus (É. Geoffroy, 1812); varius (Latreille, 1801); carpenteri Groves, 1968; entelloides I. Geoffroy, 1842; vestitus Miller, 1942; yunnanensis Ma and Y. Wang, 1986.	Between the Salween and Mekong Rivers from S Yunnan (China) south to the Mun River (Thailand) and the Mudah and Thepha Rivers on the Malay Peninsula; S Malay Peninsula south of the Perak and Kelantan Rivers; Sumatra (Indonesia) NW of Lake Toba and the Singkil River; E and S Burma.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Critically Endangered as H. l. yunnanensis, Lower Risk (nt) as H. l. lar, H. l. carpenteri, H. l. entelloides, and H. l. vestitus.		Lar Gibbon
12100762	Hylobates lar subsp. lar	Linnaeus 1771	SUBSPECIES		lar	lar		Hylobates	Hylobatidae	Primates	Mantissa Plantarum p.521						
12100763	Hylobates lar subsp. carpenteri	Groves 1968	SUBSPECIES		carpenteri	lar		Hylobates	Hylobatidae	Primates							
12100764	Hylobates lar subsp. entelloides	I. Geoffroy 1842	SUBSPECIES		entelloides	lar		Hylobates	Hylobatidae	Primates							
12100765	Hylobates lar subsp. vestitus	Miller 1942	SUBSPECIES		vestitus	lar		Hylobates	Hylobatidae	Primates							
12100766	Hylobates lar subsp. yunnanensis	Ma and Y. Wang 1986	SUBSPECIES		yunnanensis	lar		Hylobates	Hylobatidae	Primates							
12100767	Hylobates moloch	Audebert 1798	SPECIES			moloch		Hylobates	Hylobatidae	Primates	Hist. Nat. Singes Makis vol.1 2 p.pl. 2		cinereus Latreille, 1804; javanicus Matschie, 1893; leucisca (Schreber, 1799); pongoalsoni Sody, 1949.	Java (Indonesia).	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Critically Endangered as H. m. moloch and H. m. pongoalsoni.	See Andayani et al. (2001), who reviewed the phylogeography of the species.	Silvery Javan Gibbon
12100768	Hylobates muelleri	Martin 1841	SPECIES			muelleri		Hylobates	Hylobatidae	Primates	Nat. Hist. Mamm. Anim. p.444		abbotti  Kloss, 1929; funereus I. Geoffroy, 1850.	Borneo from the N bank of the Kapuas River clockwise around the island to the east bank of the Barito River.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Lower Risk (nt) as H. m. muelleri, H. m. abbotti, and H. m. funereus.	There is a wide hybrid zone with H. albibarbis in C Borneo (Marshall and Sugardjito, 1986).	Müllers Bornean Gibbon
12100769	Hylobates muelleri subsp. muelleri	Martin 1841	SUBSPECIES		muelleri	muelleri		Hylobates	Hylobatidae	Primates	Nat. Hist. Mamm. Anim. p.444						
12100774	Nomascus concolor	Harlan 1826	SPECIES			concolor		Nomascus	Hylobatidae	Primates	J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, ser. 5 vol.4 p.231		harlani Lesson, 1827; henrici de Pousargues, 1897; niger Ogilby, 1840; furvogaster Ma and Y. Wang, 1986; jingdongensis Ma and Y. Wang, 1986; lu Delacour, 1951; ? nasutus Kunkel dHerculais, 1884.	E of the Mekong River, and a small enclave W of the Mekong, in S Yunnan (China), N and WC Laos, and in Vietnam to Red River; and an isolated region round Ban Nam Khueung, Laos.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Critically Endangered as N. c. furvogaster, N. c. jingdongensis, and N. nasutus, Endangered as N. c. concolor and N. c. lu.	Does not include hainanus, see Groves (2001c). The status of nasutus is unclear; it may be a senior synonym for hainanus.	Black Crested Gibbon
12100775	Nomascus concolor subsp. concolor	Harlan 1826	SUBSPECIES		concolor	concolor		Nomascus	Hylobatidae	Primates	J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, ser. 5 vol.4 p.231						
12100777	Nomascus concolor subsp. jingdongensis	Ma and Y. Wang 1986	SUBSPECIES		jingdongensis	concolor		Nomascus	Hylobatidae	Primates							
12100778	Nomascus concolor subsp. lu	Delacour 1951	SUBSPECIES		lu	concolor		Nomascus	Hylobatidae	Primates							
12100779	Nomascus concolor subsp. nasutus	Kunkel dHerculais 1884	SUBSPECIES		nasutus	concolor		Nomascus	Hylobatidae	Primates						Status of nasutus is unclear; it may be a senior synonym for hainanus.	
12100780	Nomascus gabriellae	Thomas 1909	SPECIES			gabriellae		Nomascus	Hylobatidae	Primates	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.4 p.112			S Laos, S Vietnam from 15°30N, E Cambodia.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Vulnerable.	Separated from leucogenys by Groves and Y. Wang (1989). Does not include siki, see Groves (2001c).	Red-cheeked Gibbon
12100781	Nomascus hainanus	Thomas 1892	SPECIES			hainanus		Nomascus	Hylobatidae	Primates	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.9 p.145			Hainan Isl (China); Hoa Binh and Cao Bang Provs., Vietnam.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Critically Endangered as N. nasutus hainanus.	Separated from concolor by Groves (2001c). It is possible that nasutus may be an earlier name for the mainland population of this species.	Hainan Gibbon
12100782	Nomascus leucogenys	Ogilby 1840	SPECIES			leucogenys		Nomascus	Hylobatidae	Primates	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1840 p.20			SW Yunnan (China) to 19°N in Vietnam and Laos.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA and IUCN  Endangered.	Separated from concolor by Dao (1983) and Ma and Wang (1986).	Northern White-cheeked Gibbon
12100783	Nomascus siki	Delacour 1951	SPECIES			siki		Nomascus	Hylobatidae	Primates	Mammalia vol.15 p.122			C Vietnam and Laos, from 15°45 to 20°N.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Data Deficient as N. leucogenys siki.	Separated from leucogenys and gabriellae by Groves (2001c).	Southern White-cheeked Gibbon
12100784	Symphalangus	Gloger 1841	GENUS					Symphalangus	Hylobatidae	Primates	Gemeinn. Naturg. vol.1 p.34	Simia syndactylus Raffles, 1821.	Siamanga Gray, 1843.			Probably a genus distinct from Hylobates (Goodman et al., 1998; Groves, 2001c).	
13700548	Sorex monticolus subsp. shumaginensis	Merriam 1900	SUBSPECIES		shumaginensis	monticolus	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
12100785	Symphalangus syndactylus	Raffles 1821	SPECIES			syndactylus		Symphalangus	Hylobatidae	Primates	Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol.13 p.241		continentis Thomas, 1908; gibbon (C. Miller, 1779); subfossilis Hooijer, 1960; volzi (Pohl, 1911).	Barisan Mountains of Sumatra (Indonesia); mountains of Malay Peninsula south of Perak River.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Lower Risk (nt) as S. s. syndactylus and S. s. continentis.		Siamang
12100786	Hominidae	Gray 1825	FAMILY						Hominidae	Primates	Ann. Philos., n.s. vol.10 p.344		Pongidae Elliot, 1913.			For combining all genera in one family, see Groves (1989). The genera are placed in two subfamilies by Groves (2001c): Ponginae (Pongo alone), and Homininae (Gorilla, Homo, Pan). McKenna and Bell (1997) included Hylobatidae in addition, as a subfamily, and within the Homininae recognized two living tribes, Pongini and Hominini; Goodman et al. (1998) recognized gibbons only as a tribe (Hylobatini), with the other three genera as a separate tribe (Hominini), divided into subtribes Pongina and Hominina; they included Pan in Homo, and Watson et al. (2001) included both Pan and Gorilla in Homo.	
12100787	Gorilla	I. Geoffroy 1852	GENUS					Gorilla	Hominidae	Primates	C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris vol.36 p.933	Troglodytes gorilla Savage, 1847.	Pseudogorilla  Elliot, 1913.			A subgenus of Pan according to Tuttle (1967); but see Groves (1989) who stated that they are not closely related. Included in Homo by Watson et al. (2001). Included in Hominini by McKenna and Bell (1997), but as a subtribe Gorillina, separate from Hominina (=Pan and Homo).	
12100788	Gorilla beringei	Matschie 1903	SPECIES			beringei		Gorilla	Hominidae	Primates	Sber. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berlin p.257		beringeri Matschie, 1903 [lapsus]; mikenensis Lönnberg, 1917; graueri Matschie, 1914; manyema Rothschild, 1908 [lapsus]; rex-pygmaeorum Schwarz, 1927.	N and E Dem. Rep. Congo, SW Uganda, N Rwanda.	CITES  Appendix I and U.S. ESA  Endangered as included in G. gorilla; IUCN  Critically Endangered as G. g. beringei, Endangered as G. g. graueri.	Separated as a full species by Groves (2001c).	Eastern Gorilla
12100791	Gorilla gorilla	Savage 1847	SPECIES			gorilla		Gorilla	Hominidae	Primates	Boston J. Nat. Hist. vol.5 p.417		adrotes (Mayer, 1856); africanus (Mayer, 1856); castaneiceps Slack, 1862; ellioti (Frechkop, 1943); gigas Haeckel, 1903; gina I. Geoffroy, 1855; halli Rothschild, 1927; hansmeyeri Matschie, 1914; jacobi Matschie, 1905; matschiei Rothschild, 1905; mayêma Alix and Bouvier, 1877; savagei (Owen, 1848); schwartzi Fritze, 1912; uellensis Schouteden, 1927; zenkeri Matschie, 1914; diehli Matschie, 1904.	SE Nigeria, Cameroon, Rio Muni (Equatorial Guinea), Republic of Congo, SW Central African Republic, Gabon.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Critically Endangered as G. g. diehli, Endangered as G. g. gorilla.	The author of the name is Savage, not Savage and Wyman (see Groves, 2001c:301). The status of diehli was reviewed in detail by Sarmiento and Oates (2000).	Western Gorilla
12100792	Gorilla gorilla subsp. gorilla	Savage 1847	SUBSPECIES		gorilla	gorilla		Gorilla	Hominidae	Primates	Boston J. Nat. Hist. vol.5 p.417						
12100793	Gorilla gorilla subsp. diehli	Matschie 1904	SUBSPECIES		diehli	gorilla		Gorilla	Hominidae	Primates							
12100794	Homo	Linnaeus 1758	GENUS					Homo	Hominidae	Primates	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.20	Homo sapiens Linnaeus, 1758.	Africanthropus Weinert, 1938; Anthropus Boyd Dawkins, 1926; Archanthropus Arldt, 1915; Atlanthropus Arambourg, 1954; Cyphanthropus Pycraft, 1928; Europanthropus Wüst, 1950; Javanthropus Oppenoorth, 1932; Maueranthropus Montandon, 1943; Meganthropus Weidenreich, 1944; Nipponanthropus Hasebe, 1948; Notanthropus Sergi, 1911; Palaeanthropus Bonarelli, 1907; Pithecanthropus Dubois, 1894; Praehomo von Eickstedt, 1932; Proanthropus Wilser, 1900; Pseudhomo Ameghino, 1909; Sinanthropus Black and Zdansky, 1927; Tchadanthropus Coppens, 1965; Telanthropus Broom and Robinson, 1949.			Included with Pan and the fossil taxon Australopithecus in subtribe Hominina by McKenna and Bell (1997). Includes Pan as a subgenus according to Goodman et al. (1998); according to Goodman et al. (2001c), all fossil representatives of the human lineage (including Australopithecus) would be synonyms of Homo.	
12100795	Homo sapiens	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			sapiens		Homo	Hominidae	Primates	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.20		aethiopicus Bory de St. Vincent, 1825; americanus Bory de St. Vincent, 1825; arabicus Bory de St. Vincent, 1825; aurignacensis Klaatsch and Hauser, 1910; australasicus Bory de St. Vincent, 1825; cafer Bory de St. Vincent, 1825; capensis Broom, 1917; columbicus Bory de St. Vincent, 1825; cro-magnonensis Gregory, 1921; drennani Kleinschmidt, 1931; eurafricanus (Sergi, 1911); grimaldiensis Gregory, 1921; grimaldii Lapouge, 1906; hottentotus Bory de St. Vincent, 1825; hyperboreus Bory de St. Vincent, 1825; indicus Bory de St. Vincent, 1825; japeticus Bory de St. Vincent, 1825; melaninus Bory de St. Vincent, 1825; monstrosus Linnaeus, 1758 [unavailable]; neptunianus Bory de St. Vincent, 1825; ?palestinus McCown and Keith, 1932; patagonus Bory de St. Vincent, 1825; priscus Lapouge, 1899; proto-aethiopicus Giuffrida-Ruggeri, 1915; scythicus Bory de St. Vincent, 1825; sinicus Bory de St. Vincent, 1825; spelaeus Lapouge, 1899; troglodytes Linnaeus, 1758 [nomen oblitum]; wadjakensis Dubois, 1921.	Cosmopolitan.	CITES  Appendix II as Order Primates; absolutely not endangered.	Most of the synonyms have fossil specimens as their type specimens; Bory de St. Vincents names refer to living geographic varieties of modern humans.	Human
13700549	Sorex monticolus subsp. soperi	Anderson and Rand 1945	SUBSPECIES		soperi	monticolus	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
12100796	Pan	Oken 1816	GENUS					Pan	Hominidae	Primates	Lehrb. Naturgesch., ser. 3 vol.2 p.xi	Simia troglodytes Blumenbach, 1775.	Anthropithecus Lesson, 1840; Anthropopithecus de Blainville, 1838; Bonobo Tratz and Heck, 1954; Chimpansee Voigt, 1831; Engeco Haeckel, 1866; Fsihego de Pauw, 1905; Hylanthropus Gloger, 1841; Mimetes Anon, 1820; Pongo Haeckel, 1866 [not of Lacépède, 1799]; Pseudanthropos Reichenbach, 1860; Satyrus Mayer, 1856; Theranthropus Brookes, 1828; Troglodytes É. Geoffroy, 1812 [not of Vieillot, 1806].			Included with Homo in subtribe Hominina by McKenna and Bell (1997). A subgenus of Homo according to Goodman et al. (1998, 2001c); Watson et al. (2001) also included it in Homo. In accordance with Opinion 1368 (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1985c), Pan is used instead of Chimpansee. Reviewed by Hill (1969).	
12100797	Pan paniscus	Schwartz 1929	SPECIES			paniscus		Pan	Hominidae	Primates	Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. vol.16 p.4			Congo Basin of Dem. Rep. Congo, on south side of Congo River.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA and IUCN  Endangered.		Bonobo
12100798	Pan troglodytes	Blumenbach 1775	SPECIES			troglodytes		Pan	Hominidae	Primates	De generis humani varietate native p.37		africanus Oken, 1816 [unavailable]; angustimanus (Brehm, 1876) [nomen nudum]; aubryi (Gratiolet and Alix, 1866); calvus (du Chaillu, 1860); chimpanse (Mayer, 1856); fuliginosus (Schaufuss, 1870); fuscus (Meyer, 1895); heckii (Koch, 1932); ?jocko (Kerr, 1792); koolookamba (du Chaillu, 1860); lagaros (Mayer, 1856); leucoprymnus (Lesson, 1831); mafuca (Haeckel, 1903) [nomen nudum]; niger (É. Geoffroy, 1812); ochroleucus (Matschie, 1914); pan (Lesson, 1840); ?pongo (Kerr, 1792); pusillus (Matschie, 1919); raripilosus (Rothschild, 1905); reuteri (Matschie, 1914); satyrus (Linnaeus, 1758) [in part; suppressed by Opinion 114 of the Int. Comm. Zool. Nomencl., 1929c]; schneideri (Matschie, 1919); tschego (Duvernoy, 1855); schweinfurthii (Giglioli, 1872); adolfi-friederici (Matschie, 1912); calvescens (Matschie, 1914); castanomale (Matschie, 1914); cottoni (Matschie, 1912); graueri (Matschie, 1914); ituricus (Matschie, 1912); ituriensis (de Pauw, 1905); livingstonii (Selenka, 1899) [nomen nudum]; marungensis (Noack, 1887); nahani (Matschie, 1912); pfeifferi (Matschie, 1914); purschei (Matschie, 1914); schubotzi (Matschie, 1914); steindachneri (Lorenz, 1914); yambuyae (Matschie, 1912); vellerosus (Gray, 1862); ellioti (Matschie, 1914); oertzeni (Matschie, 1914); papio (Matschie, 1919); verus Schwarz, 1934.	S Cameroon; Gabon; S Republic of Congo; Uganda; W Tanzania; E and N Dem. Rep. Congo; W Central African Republic; Guinea to W Nigeria, south to Congo River in W Africa.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered in the wild, Threatened in captivity; IUCN  Endangered as P. t. verus, P. t. troglodytes, P. t. schweinfurthii, and P. t. vellerosus.	For authorship of this name, see the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1988). Watson et al. (2001:315) used the name Homo niger, on the grounds that Homo troglodytes would be a secondary homonym of Homo troglodytes Linnaeus, 1758 (=Homo sapiens); but the new edition of the Code (in force since January 1<sup>st</sup>, 2000) permits a senior homonym to be rejected if unused since 1899 (Art. 23.9.), so Homo troglodytes would be an acceptable combination for the chimpanzee. The species has been most recently reviewed by Jones et al. (1996).	Common Chimpanzee
13700005	Nesophontes hypomicrus	Miller 1929	SPECIES			hypomicrus		Nesophontes	Nesophontidae	Soricomorpha	Smithson. Misc. Coll. vol.81 p.4			Haití and Gonave Isl.	IUCN  Extinct.	Bones sometimes found associated with Rattus bones. Remains of N. hypomicrus and N. zamicrus collected in a cave in Dominican Republic dated from the 13th century (MacPhee et al., 1999).	Atalaya Nesophontes
13700008	Nesophontes micrus	G. M. Allen 1917	SPECIES			micrus		Nesophontes	Nesophontidae	Soricomorpha	Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. vol.61 p.5			Cuba, Haití, and Pines Isl.	IUCN  Extinct.	Bones from two sites in Cuba dated from the 13th and 14th century (MacPhee et al., 1999). Remains of this species were found together with bones of Mus and Rattus.	Western Cuban Nesophontes
13700009	Nesophontes paramicrus	Miller 1929	SPECIES			paramicrus		Nesophontes	Nesophontidae	Soricomorpha	Smithson. Misc. Coll. vol.81 9 p.3			Haití.	IUCN  Extinct.	Some analyzed bones from Haítí dated from the 14th century (MacPhee et al., 1999). Found in association with Rattus bones.	St. Michael Nesophontes
13700010	Nesophontes submicrus	Arredondo 1970	SPECIES			submicrus		Nesophontes	Nesophontidae	Soricomorpha	Memoria, Soc. Cienc. Nat. La Salle vol.30 86 p.137			Cuba.	Extinct.	Time of extinction uncertain (MacPhee et al., 1999).	Lesser Cuban Nesophontes
13700011	Nesophontes superstes	Fischer 1977	SPECIES			superstes		Nesophontes	Nesophontidae	Soricomorpha	Z. geol. Wiss., Berlin vol.5 p.221			Cuba.	Extinct.	A large species known only from a mandible found on the surface of a cave in association with Rattus. Its relation to N. major needs to be studied. Fischer (1977) speculated that the species might still be extant and gave it the name superstes (surviving). Listed by MacPhee et al. (1999) as part of the endemic Antillean fauna.	Cuban Nesophontes
13700012	Nesophontes zamicrus	Miller 1929	SPECIES			zamicrus		Nesophontes	Nesophontidae	Soricomorpha	Smithson. Misc. Coll. vol.81 p.7			Haití.	IUCN  Extinct.	Formerly occurred together with N. hypomicrus, N. micrus, Solenodon marcanoi and S. paradoxus on Hispaniola. Found in association with Rattus bones (MacPhee et al., 1999).	Haitian Nesophontes
13700013	Solenodontidae	Gill 1872	FAMILY						Solenodontidae	Soricomorpha	Smithson. Misc. Coll. vol.11 1 p.19					Dobson (1882a:82) was the first to raise Gill's subfamily to family level. The inclusion of this family in the Soricomorpha may not be justified; see Asher (1999), Whidden and Asher (2001), and Asher et al. (2002).	
13700014	Solenodon	Brandt 1833	GENUS					Solenodon	Solenodontidae	Soricomorpha	Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci., St. Petersbourg, ser. 6 vol.2 p.459	Solenodon paradoxus Brandt, 1833.	Antillogale  Patterson, 1962; Atopogale Cabrera, 1925.			Reviewed by Ottenwalder (2001). Includes Antillogale and Atopogale; see Patterson (1962:2) and Varona (1974:6). Besides the two extant species, two extinct species have been described from Cuba (Giant Solenodon) and Hispaniola (Antillogale marcanoi Patterson, 1962); see Morgan and Woods (1986). Remains of Solenodon marcanoi have been found in a horizon of "Late Pleistocene or Recent" age (Patterson, 1962).	
13700027	Crocidura ansellorum	Hutterer and Dippenaar 1987	SPECIES			ansellorum		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Bonn. Zool. Beitr. vol.38 p.1, 269		anselli  Hutterer and Dippenaar, 1987.	N Zambia.	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Known from only two specimens. Species regarded as endemic to the Ikelenge Pedicle, NW Zambia (Cotterill, 2002).	Ansells Shrew
13700015	Solenodon arredondoi	Morgan and Ottenwalder 1993	SPECIES			arredondoi		Solenodon	Solenodontidae	Soricomorpha	Annls Carnegie Mus. vol.62 p.154			Known from three Quaternary sites in W Cuba (Morgan and Ottenwalder, 1993).	Extinct.	The age of the fossils of the giant solenodon is unclear, but faunal associations indicate a Quaternary age. The species occurred contemporarily wih Solenodon cubanus and Nesophontes micrus. Morgan and Ottenwalder (1993:161) suggested that, "habitat destruction and predation by dogs, which were introduced into Cuba by pre-Columbian peoples, are more likely explanations for the extinction of the giant Cuban Solenodon."	Giant Solenodon
13700016	Solenodon cubanus	Peters 1861	SPECIES			cubanus		Solenodon	Solenodontidae	Soricomorpha	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1861 p.169		poeyanus  Barbour, 1944.	Extant only in SE Cuba; Late Quaternary and Amerindian sites all over the island (Ottenwalder, 2001:317).	U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Endangered.	Sometimes placed in a distinct genus or subgenus, Atopogale, see Hall and Kelson (1959:22) and Hall (1981:22), but see Poduschka and Poduschka (1983:225-238) who regarded Atopogale as a synonym of Solenodon. For biological information see Varona (1983b) and Ottenwalder (2001).	Cuban Solenodon
13700017	Solenodon marcanoi	Patterson 1962	SPECIES			marcanoi		Solenodon	Solenodontidae	Soricomorpha	Breviora vol.165 p.2			Known from three Quaternary localities in S Haítí and one Pleistocene site in W Dominican Republic (Ottenwalder, 2001:318).	IUCN  Extinct.	Originally described in genus Antillogale by Patterson (1962). Reviewed by Ottenwalder (2001).	Marcano's Solenodon
13700018	Solenodon paradoxus	Brandt 1833	SPECIES			paradoxus		Solenodon	Solenodontidae	Soricomorpha	Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci., St. Petersbourg, ser. 6 vol.2 p.459		woodi  Ottenwalder, 2001.	S Haiti and Dominican Republic (Hispaniola).	U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Endangered.	Systematics, biogeography and ecology reviewed by Ottenwalder (1999, 2001) who also described a distinctly smaller form from S Hispaniola as subspecies woodi. Allard et al. (2001) found a considerable genetic variability in the mitochondrial control region in samples from Hispaniola which may correspond to the morphological variation recognized by Ottenwalder (2001).	Hispaniolan Solenodon
13700019	Solenodon paradoxus subsp. paradoxus	Brandt 1833	SUBSPECIES		paradoxus	paradoxus		Solenodon	Solenodontidae	Soricomorpha	Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci., St. Petersbourg, ser. 6 vol.2 p.459						
13700046	Crocidura caspica	Thomas 1907	SPECIES			caspica		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.20 p.197			Iran, S coast of Caspian Sea.		A distinct, chocolate-brown shrew formerly included in C. russula (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1966) or C. leucodon. Zaitsev (1993) redefined the species and mapped its range.	Caspian Shrew
13700021	Soricidae	G. Fischer 1814	FAMILY						Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Zoognosia tabulis synopticis illustrate vol.3 p.x		Sorexineae Lesson, 1842; Soricinorum G. Fischer, 1814.			<p>Shrews form a coherent group which leaves little doubt about its monophyly. One problem still under discussion is the inclusion or exclusion of the extinct Heterosoricinae Viret and Zapfe, 1951. Many authors include them in Soricidae as a subfamily (Engesser, 1975; Jammot, 1983; McKenna and Bell, 1997; Repenning, 1967; Storch and Qiu, 1991; Storch et al., 1998), others prefer family level for the Heterosoricinae (Harris, 1998; Reumer, 1987, 1998; Rzebik-Kowalska, 1998). If one compares the concepts expressed by Repenning (1967), Gureev (1971, 1979), Jammot (1983), George (1983), Reumer (1987, 1998), or Hutterer et al. (2002b), the subfamiliar and tribal subdivision of the Soricidae is not well resolved. Here I adopt a slightly modified system which is principally based on Reumer (1998). A strict phylogenetic classification however could include all extant shrews within a subfamily Soricinae, with Crocidurini, Myosoricini, and Soricini as tribes (Hutterer et al., 2002b;... [truncated]	
13700022	Crocidurinae	Milne-Edwards 1872	SUBFAMILY						Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Rech. Hist. Nat. Mammifères p.256		Scutisoricinae Allen, 1917.			Previously included Congosorex, Myosorex and Surdisorex, which have been shifted into subfamily Myosoricinae based on anatomical and genetical evidence (Hutterer et al., 2002b; Maddalena and Bronner, 1992; Querouil et al., 2001).	
13700023	Crocidura	Wagler 1832	GENUS					Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Isis p.275	Sorex leucodon Herman, 1780.	Afrosorex  Hutterer, 1986; Heliosorex Heller, 1910; Leucodon Fatio, 1869; Paurodus Schulze, 1897; Praesorex Thomas, 1913; Rhinomus Murray, 1860			Eurasian species revised by Jenkins (1976), Indomalayan and Philippine species by Heaney and Ruedi (1994) and Ruedi (1995), Chinese species by Jiang and Hoffmann (2001). Phenetic and Phylogenetic relationships of African and Palearctic species studied by Butler et al. (1989), Maddalena (1990) and McLellan (1994), and of Asian and Indomalayan species by Heaney and Ruedi (1994), Ruedi (1996), and Ruedi et al. (1998). Karyotypes of SE Asian species described by Ruedi and Vogel (1995), those of Mediterranean isls shrews by Vogel et al. (1990), and of African shrews by Schlitter et al. (1999). No formal subgenera are recognized here, although the type species of proposed subgenera are indicated. For synonyms see Allen (1939), Heim de Balsac and Meester (1977) and Hutterer (1986a).	
13700024	Crocidura aleksandrisi	Vesmanis 1977	SPECIES			aleksandrisi		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Bonn. Zool. Beitr. vol.28 p.3			Restricted to Cyrenaica, Libya.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Sometimes included in C. suaveolens but currently regarded as a valid species (Hutterer, 1991).	Cyrenaica Shrew
13700025	Crocidura allex	Osgood 1910	SPECIES			allex		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser. vol.10 3 p.20		alpina  Heller, 1910; zinki Heim de Balsac, 1957	Higlands of SW Kenya; Mt. Kilimanjaro, Meru and Ngorogoro, N Tanzania.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Gureev (1979) listed alpina as a distinct species without comment. Common in the afro-alpine zone at 3500 m on Mt. Kilimanjaro (Shore and Garbett, 1991). For synonyms see Heim de Balsac and Meester (1977).	East African Highland Shrew
13700028	Crocidura arabica	Hutterer and Harrison 1988	SPECIES			arabica		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Bonn. Zool. Beitr. vol.39 p.64			Coastal plains of S Arabian Peninsula (Yemen, Oman).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Previous to the recognition of arabica, specimens have been assigned to russula or suaveolens; see Harrison and Bates (1991).	Arabian Shrew
13700029	Crocidura arispa	Spitzenberger 1971	SPECIES			arispa		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Naturhistor. Museum Wien vol.75 p.547			Taurus Mtns of S Turkey; known only from two localities (Krytufek and Vohralík, 2001:91).		A rare shrew living in rocky areas. First described as a subspecies of pergrisea (Spitzenberger, 1971a), then assigned to serezkyensis (Hutterer, 1993a), and finally given species rank by Krytufek and Vohralík (2001).	Jackass Shrew
13700030	Crocidura armenica	Gureev 1963	SPECIES			armenica		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	In Mammal Fauna of the U.S.S.R. vol.1 p.118			Armenia, Caucasus.	IUCN  Data Deficient.	Revised by Gureev (1979), who considered armenica as distinct from pergrisea; but see Dolgov and Yudin (1975), who considered it a subspecies; Gromov and Baranova (1981) and Zaitsev (1991) listed it as a distinct species.	Armenian Shrew
13700045	Crocidura canariensis	Hutterer, Lopez-Jurado and Vogel 1987	SPECIES			canariensis		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	J. Nat. Hist. vol.21 p.1354			E Canary Islands (Lanzarote, Lobos, Fuerteventura, Graciosa, Mtna Clara).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Related to sicula; see Maddalena and Vogel (1990) and Hutterer et al. (1992b). Sara (1995, 1996) studied the variation of mandibular measurements and found no difference between C. canariensis and C. sicula; as a consequence, he included canariensis as a subspecies in C. sicula. However, this author disregarded biological, ecological, and paleontological evidence provided by Hutterer et al. (1992b) and Michaux et al. (1991). Genetic distances suggest a separation of C. canariensis and C. sicula for 5 million years (Vogel et al., 2003).	Canarian Shrew
13700369	Cryptotis goldmani subsp. goldmani	Merriam 1895	SUBSPECIES		goldmani	goldmani		Cryptotis	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	N. Am. Fauna vol.10 p.25						
13700031	Crocidura attenuata	Milne-Edwards 1872	SPECIES			attenuata		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Rech. Hist. Nat. Mamm. p.263		grisea  Howell, 1926; grisescens Howell, 1928; kingiana Anderson, 1877; rubricosa Anderson, 1877.	Assam, Sikkim (India), Nepal, Bhutan, Burma, Thailand, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, S China; a doubtful record from Batan Isl (Philippines).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Heaney and Timm (1983b), Jenkins (1976), and Jiang and Hoffmann (2001:1069, Fig. 7), who included tanakae, which is now elevated to species level. Jenkins (1982) and Corbet and Hill (1992) included the long-tailed aequicaudata, but see under C. paradoxura. Motokawa et al. (2001b) contrasted the karyotype of Chinese mainland attenuata (2n = 35-38, FN = 54) against the karyotype of Taiwanese tanakae (2n = 40, FN = 56) and suggested species status for the latter. A karyotype from Thailand identified as attenuata (Tsuchiya et al., 1979) with 2n = 50 was probably based on a misidentification; it probably represented C. hilliana.	Asian Gray Shrew
13700032	Crocidura attila	Dollman 1915	SPECIES			attila		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.15 p.141			Gotel Mtns (Nigeria) and Cameroon Mtns to E Dem. Rep. Congo.	IUCN  Vulnerable (not justified).	Formerly included in buettikoferi, but separated by Hutterer and Joger (1982). Recorded from SE Nigeria by Hutterer et al. (1992a). Karyotype (2n = 50, FN = 66) identical to greenwoodi, hirta, and olivieri group (Schlitter et al., 1999).	Hun Shrew
13700033	Crocidura baileyi	Osgood 1936	SPECIES			baileyi		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser. vol.20 p.225			Ethiopian highlands west of the Rift Valley.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Revised by Dippenaar (1980).	Baileys Shrew
13700034	Crocidura baluensis	Thomas 1898	SPECIES			baluensis		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.2 p.247			High altitudes (ca. 1600-3700 m) of Gunung Kinabalu, Sabah; perhaps also Sarawak.		Regarded a distinct species by Corbet and Hill (1992) and Ruedi (1995). Replaced at lower altitudes by C. foetida.	Kinabalu Shrew
13700035	Crocidura batesi	Dollman 1915	SPECIES			batesi		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.15 p.143			Lowland forest in S Cameroon and Gabon.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Often included in poensis; specimens from Cameroon and Gabon have been reported as wimmeri; but see Brosset (1988). Karyotype (2n = 50, FN = 76) identical to that of nigeriae (Schlitter et al., 1999). This complex requires a pan-African revision.	Bates Shrew
13700036	Crocidura beatus	Miller 1910	SPECIES			beatus		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. vol.38 p.392		parvacauda  Taylor, 1934.	Philippines: forested areas in Mindanao Faunal Region (Biliran, Bohol, Leyte, Maripipi, Mindanao) and on Camiguin.	IUCN 2000  Vulnerable.	Includes parvacauda as a synonym; see Heaney et al. (1987:36). Distribution reviewed by Heaney (1986) and Heaney and Ruedi (1994).	Mindanao Shrew
13700037	Crocidura beccarii	Dobson 1887	SPECIES			beccarii		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, ser. 2 vol.4 p.556		weberi  Jentink in Weber, 1890.	Mountain ranges in N and W Sumatra.	IUCN  Endangered.	Revised by Ruedi (1995). Karyotype has 2n = 38, FN = 56 (Ruedi and Vogel, 1995).	Beccari's Shrew
13700038	Crocidura bottegi	Thomas 1898	SPECIES			bottegi		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, ser. 2 vol.18 p.677			Ethiopia and N Kenya; West African records doubtful.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Heim de Balsac and Meester (1977) included obscurior and eburnea as subspecies; but see under C. obscurior.	Bottego's Shrew
13700039	Crocidura bottegoides	Hutterer and Yalden 1990	SPECIES			bottegoides		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	In Peters and Hutterer (eds.), Vertebrates in the Tropics, Bonn p.67			Bale Mtns and Mt. Albasso, Ethiopia (Yalden and Largen, 1992).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Lavrenchenko et al. (1997) described the karyotype (2n = 36, FN = 48) which is very different from that of the similar "bottegi" (now obscurior) (2n = 40, FN = 60) from Côte dIvoire.	Bale Shrew
13700040	Crocidura brunnea	Jentink 1888	SPECIES			brunnea		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Notes Leyden Mus. vol.10 p.164		brevicauda  Jentink in Weber, 1890; melanorhyncha Jentink, 1910; pudjonica Sody, 1936.	Java and Bali.		Formerly included in C. fuliginosa (see Jenkins, 1982). Revised by Ruedi (1995), who considered brunnea and pudjonica as distinct subspecies. Bali records by Kitchener et al. (1994a). Karyotype has 2n = 38, FN = 56 (Ruedi and Vogel, 1995).	Thick-tailed Shrew
13700042	Crocidura brunnea subsp. pudjonica	Sody 1936	SUBSPECIES		pudjonica	brunnea		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700043	Crocidura buettikoferi	Jentink 1888	SPECIES			buettikoferi		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Notes Leyden Mus. vol.10 p.47			West African high forest; S Guinea (Heim de Balsac, 1958) to Liberia, Ghana (Decher et al., 1997), and Nigeria (Hutterer and Happold, 1983).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Formerly included attila; see Hutterer and Joger (1982). Grubb et al. (1998) discussed a number of possible records from Ghana and Sierra Leone that require confirmation.	Buettikofer's Shrew
13700044	Crocidura caliginea	Hollister 1916	SPECIES			caliginea		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.35 p.664			NE Dem. Rep. Congo.	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	The species was recently rediscovered in the Masako Forest in NE Dem. Rep. Congo (Hutterer and Dudu, 1990).	African Dusky Shrew
13700106	Crocidura latona	Hollister 1916	SPECIES			latona		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.35 p.667			Lowland rainforest of NE Dem. Rep. Congo.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Known by a few specimens only. Recently found in the Masako Forest, near Kisangani (Dudu et al., In Press).	Latona's Shrew
13700049	Crocidura crenata	Brosset, Dubost, and Heim de Balsac 1965	SPECIES			crenata		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Mammalia vol.29 p.268			High forest in S Cameroon, N Gabon, and E Dem. Rep. Congo.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	The specific epithet obviously was choosen because the species has extremily long feet and tail; Brosset (1988) observed that they aid in jumping rather than climbing.	Long-footed Shrew
13700050	Crocidura crossei	Thomas 1895	SPECIES			crossei		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.16 p.53		ingoldbyi  Heim de Balsac, 1956.	Lowland forest from Guinea to W Cameroon.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Formerly included ebriensis and jouvenetae; see Heim de Balsac and Meester (1977). C. crossei occurs almost sympatrically with C. jouvenetae from Guinea to Côte dIvoire.	Crosse's Shrew
13700051	Crocidura cyanea	Duvernoy 1838	SPECIES			cyanea		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Strasbourg vol.2 p.2		argentatus  Sundevall in Grill, 1860; capensis (Smuts, 1832) [not (E. Geoffroy, 1811)]; ? capensoides (A. Smith, 1833); ? concolor (A. Smith, 1836); electa Dollman, 1910; infumata (Wagner, 1841); martensii Dobson, 1890; pondoensis Roberts, 1913; vryburgensis Roberts, 1946.	South Africa, Namibia, Angola, Botswana, Mozambique, Zimbabwe; records further north uncertain.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	The species concept applied by Heim de Balsac and Meester (1977) included a number of names which evidently do not belong to cyanea but to species such as parvipes and smithii; see Hutterer (1986a) and Hutterer and Joger (1982). The limits of distribution of cyanea have not yet been established; Meester et al. (1986) distinguished cyanea and infumata as subspecies in South Africa. The taxon erica which has been included in cyanea may be related to hirta.	Reddish-gray Musk Shrew
13700052	Crocidura denti	Dollman 1915	SPECIES			denti		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.16 p.377			African Congo Basin (Dem. Rep. Congo, Gabon, Cameroon) and isolated records in West Africa (Guinea, Sierra Leone).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Considered a distinct species by Heim de Balsac (1959:216). It remains to be determined whether the West African records (Ziegler et al., 2002) are conspecific.	Dent's Shrew
13700053	Crocidura desperata	Hutterer, Jenkins and Verheyen 1991	SPECIES			desperata		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Oryx vol.25 p.165			Relict forest patches at Rungwa and Udzungwa Mtns, S Tanzania.	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	The relationships of this shrew are still unresolved.	Desperate Shrew
13700054	Crocidura dhofarensis	Hutterer and Harrison 1988	SPECIES			dhofarensis		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Bonn. Zool. Beitr. vol.39 p.68			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Originally described as a subspecies of C. somalica, but Hutterer et al. (1992c) provided arguments for full specific status.	Dhofar Shrew
13700055	Crocidura dolichura	Peters 1876	SPECIES			dolichura		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1876 p.475			High forest in Nigeria, S Cameroon, Bioko, Gabon, Central African Republic, Republic of Congo, Dem. Rep. Congo, and adjacent Uganda and Burundi.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Does not include latona, ludia, muricauda, and polia; see under these species.	Long-tailed Musk Shrew
13700056	Crocidura douceti	Heim de Balsac 1958	SPECIES			douceti		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Mem. Inst. Fr. Afr. Noire vol.53 p.329			Forest-savanna border of Guinea, Côte dIvoire, and Nigeria.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Hutterer and Happold (1983).	Doucet's Musk Shrew
13700609	Sorex vagrans subsp. vagrans	Baird 1857	SUBSPECIES		vagrans	vagrans	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Mammalia, in Repts. U.S. Expl. Surv. vol.8 1 p.15						
14200770	Capra caucasica subsp. cylindricornis	Blyth 1841	SUBSPECIES		cylindricornis	caucasica		Capra	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
13700057	Crocidura dsinezumi	Temminck 1842	SPECIES			dsinezumi		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	In Siebold, Fauna Japonica vol.2(Mamm.) p.pl. IV figs c, c, pl. V, figs 3		chisai  Thomas, 1906; intermedia Kuroda, 1924, kinczumi Temminck, 1842; kinezumi Temminck, 1842; okinoshimae Kuroda and Uchida, 1959; umbrinus Temminck, 1844.	Japan including N Ryukyus.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	The spelling of the name was clarified by Corbet (1978b) and Motokawa (1999); dsinezumi was placed on the Official List of Specific Names; see the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1983). Includes chisai, but not quelpartis and orii; see Corbet (1978c) and Iwasa et al. (2001). The taxon hosletti described by Jameson and Jones (1977) from Taiwan is now included in C. shantungensis (see Jiang and Hoffmann, 2001). Geographic variation of Japanese populations studied by Motokawa (2003b). Allozyme data studied by Ruedi et al. (1993) place C. dsinezumi close to C. fuliginosa, C. malayana, and C. grayi.	Dsinezumi Shrew
13700058	Crocidura eisentrauti	Heim de Balsac 1957	SPECIES			eisentrauti		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Zool. Jahrb. Abt. Syst. Oekol. Geogr. Tiere vol.85 p.616			Higher elevations of Mt. Cameroon (Cameroon).	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Only known from Mt. Cameroon. Not conspecific with C. vulcani; see under C. virgata.	Eisentraut's Shrew
13700059	Crocidura elgonius	Osgood 1910	SPECIES			elgonius		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.5 p.369			Mountains in W Kenya and NE Tanzania.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Regarded as a distinct species by Heim de Balsac and Meester (1977) and Hutterer (1983b).	Elgon Shrew
13700060	Crocidura elongata	Miller and Hollister 1921	SPECIES			elongata		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.34 p.101			N and C Sulawesi.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	See Musser (1987a) for ecological notes and a photograph. Ruedi and Vogel (1995) described two different karyotypes: 2n = 30, FN = 56 for a male from lowland forest, and 2n = 34, FN = 60 for a smaller female from montane forest. Ruedi (1995) suggested that one of the specimens may represent a cryptic new species.	Elongated Shrew
13700062	Crocidura fischeri	Pagenstecher 1885	SPECIES			fischeri		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Jb. Hamburger Wiss. Anst. vol.2 p.34			Nguruman (Kenya), and Himo (Tanzania).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Type species of subgenus Afrosorex. Revised by Hutterer (1986a).	Fischer's Shrew
13700063	Crocidura flavescens	I. Geoffroy 1827	SPECIES			flavescens		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Dict. Class. Hist. Nat. vol.11 p.324		capensis  (A. Smith, 1833) [not (Smuts, 1832), not (E. Geoffroy, 1811)]; cinnamomeus (Lichtenstein, 1829); knysnae Roberts, 1946; rutilus (Sundevall, 1846).	South Africa.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	For correct original citation see Ellerman et al. (1953). Does not include olivieri; see Maddalena et al. (1987) and comments under that species. Reviewed by Meester (1963). Karyotype (2n = 50, FN = 74) described by Maddalena et al. (1987).	Greater Red Musk Shrew
13700064	Crocidura floweri	Dollman 1915	SPECIES			floweri		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.15 p.515			Environs of Upper Nile valley and Wadi el Natrun, Egypt (Goodman, 1989).	IUCN  Endangered.	Mummified shrews from Ancient Egypt have been identified as C. floweri; see Heim de Balsac and Mein (1971). Possibly related to crossei and arabica; see Hutterer and Harrison (1988).	Flower's Shrew
13700065	Crocidura foetida	Peters 1870	SPECIES			foetida		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Mber. K. Preuss. Acad. Wiss. vol.1870 p.586		doriae  Peters, 1870; kelabit Medway, 1965.	Borneo (Kalimantan, Sarawak, and Sabah).		Revised by Ruedi (1995). Karyotype has 2n = 38, FN = 56-58 (Ruedi and Vogel, 1995).	Bornean Shrew
13700066	Crocidura foetida subsp. foetida	Peters 1870	SUBSPECIES		foetida	foetida		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Mber. K. Preuss. Acad. Wiss. vol.1870 p.586						
13700067	Crocidura foetida subsp. doriae	Peters 1870	SUBSPECIES		doriae	foetida		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700068	Crocidura foetida subsp. kelabit	Medway 1965	SUBSPECIES		kelabit	foetida		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700069	Crocidura foxi	Dollman 1915	SPECIES			foxi		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.15 p.514		tephra  Setzer, 1956.	Jos Plateau, Nigeria, and Sudan savanna zone of West Africa from Senegal to S Sudan.	IUCN  Vulnerable (not justified).	A member of the poensis group; may be conspecific with theresae, which it antedates; see Hutterer and Happold (1983). A series from Owerri, S Nigeria, referred to foxi by these authors, was later, upon re-examination, identified as a dark form of lamottei. The holotype of tephra Setzer, 1956 has been recently examined and is regarded as representing foxi in S Sudan; a previous allocation to viaria (Hutterer, 1984) was based upon examination of a paratype skin; however, the holotype represents a different species.	Fox's Shrew
13700081	Crocidura gracilipes	Peters 1870	SPECIES			gracilipes		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1870 p.584			Known only from the type specimen with unknown origin.	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Does not include hildegardeae; see Demeter and Hutterer (1986:201). A recent examination of the type specimen indicates it might be conspecific with C. cyanea, however, that species is not known from as far north as Tanzania.	Peters's Musk Shrew
13700610	Sorex vagrans subsp. halicoetes	Grinnell 1913	SUBSPECIES		halicoetes	vagrans	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700070	Crocidura fuliginosa	Blyth 1855	SPECIES			fuliginosa		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, ser. 2 vol.24 p.362		fuliginosus  (Blyth, 1855); dracula Thomas, 1912; mansumensis Carter, 1942; praedax Thomas, 1923.	N India, Burma, adjacent China, Malaysian Peninsula and adjacent isls; exact distribution unknown.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	A large S Asian shrew with a complex taxonomic history. Ruedi et al. (1990) demonstrated unrecognized sympatry of two cryptic but chromosomally distinct forms, one of which was provisionally labeled C. cf. malayana. For taxa formerly and actually included in fuliginosa see Jenkins (1976, 1982) and Ruedi (1995). Medway (1977) and Heaney and Timm (1983b) included dracula, which Lekagul and McNeely (1977) considered a distinct species. The list of synonyms is provisional; see also under malayana. Specimens from Zhejiang, E China assiged to C. fuliginosa (Zhuge, 1993) may represent an undescribed taxon (Jiang and Hoffmann, 2001). Karyotypes from Indochina and the Malay Peninsula count 2n = 40, FN = 54-58 (Ruedi and Vogel, 1995).	Southeast Asian Shrew
13700071	Crocidura fuliginosa subsp. fuliginosa	Blyth 1855	SUBSPECIES		fuliginosa	fuliginosa		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, ser. 2 vol.24 p.362						
13700072	Crocidura fuliginosa subsp. dracula	Thomas 1912	SUBSPECIES		dracula	fuliginosa		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700119	Crocidura macowi	Dollman 1915	SPECIES			macowi		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.16 p.378			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Regarded as a synonym of hildegardeae by Osgood (1936), but retained as a species by Heim de Balsac and Meester (1977), who noticed similarities to niobe.	Nyiro Shrew
13700073	Crocidura fulvastra	Sundevall 1842 "1843"	SPECIES			fulvastra		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	K. Svenska Vetensk-Akad. Handl. Stockholm vol.1842 p.172		arethusa  Dollman, 1915; beta Dollman, 1915; diana Dollman, 1915; fulvaster Sundevall, 1843; macrodon Dobson, 1980; marrensis Thomas and Hinton, 1923; sericeus Sundevall, 1843; strauchii Dobson, 1890	Sudan savanna from Kenya to Mali.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Gureev (1979) listed beta as a distinct species without comment. For synonyms see Hutterer (1984), Hutterer and Kock (1983) and Hutterer and Happold (1983).	Savanna Shrew
13700074	Crocidura fumosa	Thomas 1904	SPECIES			fumosa		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.14 p.238		alchemillae  Heller, 1910.	Mt. Kenya and Aberdare Range (Kenya).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Dippenaar and Meester (1989) revised the species.	Smoky White-toothed Shrew
13700075	Crocidura fuscomurina	Heuglin 1865	SPECIES			fuscomurina		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Leopoldina, 5, in Nouv. Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. vol.32 p.36		bicolor  Bocage, 1889; bovei Dobson, 1887; cuninghamei Thomas, 1904; fuscomurinus (Heuglin, 1865); ? glebula Dollmann, 1916; hendersoni Dollman, 1915; marita Thomas and Hinton, 1923; sansibarica Neumann, 1900; tephragaster Setzer, 1956; tephronotus Heim de Balsac, 1968 [lapsus]; woosnami Dollman, 1915.	Sudan and Guinea savanna from Senegal to Ethiopia, and south to South Africa.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Revised by Hutterer (1983b). Karyotype from Burundi has 2n = 56, FN = 86 (Maddalena and Ruedi, 1994). C. planiceps may belong here but relationships are yet unsolved.	Bicolored Musk Shrew
13700076	Crocidura glassi	Heim de Balsac 1966	SPECIES			glassi		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Mammalia vol.30 p.448			Ethiopian highlands east of Rift Valley (Yalden et al., 1997).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Often confused with fumosa or thalia; see Dippenaar (1980). Karyotype (2n = 36, FN = 52) described by Lavrenchenko et al. (1997), genetic relations by Bannikova et al. (2001b).	Glass's Shrew
13700077	Crocidura gmelini	Pallas 1811	SPECIES			gmelini		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat. vol.1 p.134, pl. 10, fig. 3		hyrcania  Goodwin, 1940; ilensis Miller, 1901; lar G. Allen, 1928; lignicolor Miller, 1900; mordeni Goodwin, 1934; portali Thomas, 1920.	Israel through Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Afghanistan and Pakistan to W China and Mongolia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Hoffmann (1996a, b) designated a neotype, re-defined the species, and provided tentative distribution maps. The species is still unsufficiently known, particularly the relations to C. suaveolens and C. katinka must be studied (Hutterer and Kock, 2002). The taxon gmelini was previously regarded as a synomyn of Sorex minutus. C. portali was given species rank by Krytufek and Vohralík (2001), but without regard to Hoffmann's papers.	Gmelin's White-toothed Shrew
13700498	Sorex excelsus	G. M. Allen 1923	SPECIES			excelsus	Sorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.100 p.4			Yunnan and Sichuan (China), and possibly Nepal.	IUCN  Data Deficient.	Subgenus Sorex. Considered as a possible subspecies of asper (Corbet, 1978c) but retained as a full species related to tundrensis by Hoffmann (1987) who also suggested that a specimen from Nepal recorded by Agrawal and Chakraborty (1971) may represent excelsus. However, mtDNA data indicate that excelsus is neither related to asper nor to tundrensis (Fumagalli et al., 1999).	Chinese Highland Shrew
13700078	Crocidura goliath	Thomas 1906	SPECIES			goliath		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.17 p.177		guineensis  Heim de Balsac, 1968 [not Cabrera, 1903]; nimbasilvanus Hutterer, 2003.	High forest of S Cameroon, Gabon, and Dem. Rep. Congo; an isolated population in West Africa around Mt. Nimba (Guinea, Côte dIvoire).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Type species of subgenus Praesorex Thomas, 1913. Often included in flavescens or olivieri, but apparently represents a distinct species which lives in sympatry with C. olivieri in the Central and West African rainforest; see Hutterer (in Colyn, 1986:22) and Goodman et al. (2000). C. goliath nimbasilvanus replaces Heim de Balsac's C. odorata guineensis (Ziela, Mt. Nimba, Guinea), a name preoccupied by C. occidentalis guineensis Cabrera, currently a subspecies of C. olivieri (Hutterer, 2003). The West African population (nimbasilvanus) of C. goliath is characterized by smaller size and a shorter pelage, and is genetically distinct from the Central African population (Querouil et al., In Press).	Goliath Shrew
13700079	Crocidura goliath subsp. goliath	Thomas 1906	SUBSPECIES		goliath	goliath		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.17 p.177						
13700080	Crocidura goliath subsp. nimbasilvanus	Hutterer 2003	SUBSPECIES		nimbasilvanus	goliath		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700611	Sorex vagrans subsp. paludivagus	von Bloeker 1939	SUBSPECIES		paludivagus	vagrans	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700082	Crocidura grandiceps	Hutterer 1983	SPECIES			grandiceps		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Rev. Suisse Zool. vol.90 p.699			High forest regions of Guinea, Côte dIvoire, Ghana, Nigeria, and possibly Cameroon (Hutterer and Schlitter, 1996).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Genetically allied to the turba-poensis complex (Querouil et al., In Press). Karyotype has 2n = 46, FN = 68 (Schlitter et al., 1999).	Large-headed Shrew
13700083	Crocidura grandis	Miller 1911	SPECIES			grandis		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. vol.38 p.393			Known only from Mt. Malindang, Mindanao, Philippines.	IUCN  Endangered.	Status unknown; probably confined to primary forest (Heaney et al., 1987:38).	Greater Mindanao Shrew
13700084	Crocidura grassei	Brosset, Dubost, and Heim de Balsac 1965	SPECIES			grassei		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Biologia Gabonica vol.1 p.165			Recorded from high forest regions in Gabon, Central African Republic, Cameroon, and Equatorial Guinea (Goodman et al., 2001a; Heim de Balsac, 1968c; Lasso et al., 1996).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	A large and distinctly gray shrew, related to the maurisca-littoralis group (Querouil et al., In Press).	Grasse's Shrew
13700085	Crocidura grayi	Dobson 1890	SPECIES			grayi		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.6 p.494		halconus  Miller, 1910.	Luzon and Mindoro faunal regions, Philippines, in primary forest from 250 to 2400 m.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Heaney et al. (1987) included halconus as a synonym. Revised by Heaney and Ruedi (1994).	Luzon Shrew
13700086	Crocidura greenwoodi	Heim de Balsac 1966	SPECIES			greenwoodi		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Monitore Zool. Ital. vol.74(suppl.) p.215			S Somalia.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Species confined to the Horn of Africa; apparently related to fulvastra and hirta, with which greenwoodi shares the same karyotype (2n = 50, FN = 66) (Schlitter et al., 1999).	Greenwood's Shrew
13700087	Crocidura harenna	Hutterer and Yalden 1990	SPECIES			harenna		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	In Peters and Hutterer (eds.), Vertebrates in the Tropics, Bonn p.64			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Related to C. phaeura. Karyotype has 2n = 36, FN = 50 (Lavrenchenko et al., 1997).	Harenna Shrew
13700110	Crocidura levicula	Miller and Hollister 1921	SPECIES			levicula		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.34 p.103			Tropical rain forest of C and SE Sulawesi (Musser, 1987a).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Smallest mammal of Sulawesi (Ruedi, 1995). Karyotype has 2n = 34, FN = 52 (Ruedi and Vogel, 1995).	Sulawesi Tiny Shrew
13700088	Crocidura hildegardeae	Thomas 1904	SPECIES			hildegardeae		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.14 p.240		altae  Heller, 1912; ibeana Dollman, 1915; lutreola Heller, 1912; maanjae Heller, 1910; phaios Setzer, 1956; procera Heller, 1912; rubecula Dollman, 1915 [see Heim de Balsac and Meester, 1977].	Forests in C and E Africa south to Tanzania.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Does not include gracilipes; see Dieterlen and Heim de Balsac (1979) and Demeter and Hutterer (1986). Gureev (1979) listed ibeana, lutreola, and maanjae as distinct species without comment. Does not include virgata; see under that name. The remaining synonyms are in need of revision. A karyotype from Burundi has 2n = 52, FN = 76 (Maddalena and Ruedi, 1994).For synonyms see Heim de Balsac and Meester (1977).	Hildegarde's Shrew
13700089	Crocidura hilliana	Jenkins and Smith 1995	SPECIES			hilliana		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Lond. (Zool.) vol.61 p.103			NE and C Thailand, Laos.		A shrew somewhat smaller than C. fuliginosa described on the basis of skulls removed from owl pellets (Jenkins and Smith, 1995; Smith et al., 2000). Also recorded from Laos (Smith et al., 1998). Motokawa and Harada (1998) described the animal and its karyotype (2n = 50, NF = 60). This karyotype is similar to that of "C. attenuata" from Thailand (2n = 50, FN = 66), as published by Tsuchiya et al. (1979).	Hill's Shrew
13700090	Crocidura hirta	Peters 1852	SPECIES			hirta		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Reise nach Mossambique, SSugethiere p.78		annellata Peters, 1852; beirae Dollman, 1915; bloyeti Dekeyser, 1943; canescens Peters, 1852; deserti Schwann, 1906; flavidula Thomas and Schwann, 1905; langi Cabrera, 1925; luimbalensis Hill and Carter, 1937; velutina Thomas, 1904 [see Heim de Balsac and Meester, 1977].	Angola, Dem. Rep. Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Somalia, Tanzania, Malawi, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Mozambique, Botswana, Namibia, South Africa.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Gureev (1979) listed beirae and deserti as distinct species; the latter may well be separable. C. bloyeti, formerly listed as a species, is included here because it was based on a juvenile hirta. The Angolan erica may also belong here. The karyotype of hirta (2n = 50, FN = 66) is shared by olivieri, viaria, greenwoodi, and attila (Schlitter et al., 1999). For synonyms see Heim de Balsac and Meester (1977).	Lesser Red Musk Shrew
13700091	Crocidura hispida	Thomas 1913	SPECIES			hispida		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.11 p.468			Middle Andaman Isl (Andaman Isls, India).	IUCN  Endangered.	A rare and little-known shrew with a spiny dorsal fur.	Andaman Spiny Shrew
13700104	Crocidura lanosa	Heim de Balsac 1968	SPECIES			lanosa		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Biologia Gabonica vol.4 p.309			Uinka (Rwanda); Kivu, Lemera and Irangi (Dem. Rep. Congo).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Present knowledge summarized by Dieterlen and Heim de Balsac (1979).	Kivu Long-haired Shrew
13700092	Crocidura horsfieldii	Tomes 1856	SPECIES			horsfieldii		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 2 vol.17 p.23		? myoides  Blanford, 1875; retusa Peters, 1870.	Sri Lanka and Indian Peninsula (Mysore and Ladak), perhaps Nepal (see below).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subspecies or synonyms discussed by Jenkins (1976) and Jameson and Jones (1977). Usually spelled horsfieldi but Corbet and Hill (1991) correctly used horsfieldii. Formerly also included indochinensis and wuchihensis, but see under those species. Formerly included also kurodai and tadae from Taiwan, but they show a karyotype (2n = 40, FN = 54; Fang et al., 1997) different from [horsfieldii] indochinensis (2n = 38, FN = 48; Rao and Aswathanarayana, 1978). Here they are both included in rapax. The distribution of horsfieldii sensu strictu is still a matter of disagreement. Lunde et al. (2003b) restricted its distribution to Sri Lanka and adjacent peninsular India.	Horsfield's Shrew
13700390	Cryptotis parva subsp. floridana	Merriam 1895	SUBSPECIES		floridana	parva		Cryptotis	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700093	Crocidura hutanis	Ruedi and Vogel 1995	SPECIES			hutanis		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Experientia vol.51 p.175, Fig. 1			Lowland forest in N and W Sumatra.		A report by Ruedi and Vogel (1995:175) presenting the new name, the diagnostic karyotype (2n = 36-38, FN = 54), the type locality (Ketambe, N Sumatra), specimen catalog numbers, and a comparison with other SE Asian species appeared earlier in print (February, 1995) than the full taxonomic description by Ruedi (November, 1995:227), and thus constitutes the first valid description.	Hutan Shrew
13700094	Crocidura ichnusae	Festa 1912	SPECIES			ichnusae		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Torino vol.27 684 p.1		?agilis  (Loche, 1867) [nomen dubium]; ? anthonyi Heim de Balsac, 1940; cossyrensis Contoli, 1989; ibicensis Vericad and Balcells, 1965.	Pantelleria Isl, Sardinia (Italy), Ibiza (Spain), and E North Africa (Tunisia, E Algeria).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as C. cossyrensis.	The species was first reported from Pantelleria as russula; see Contoli and Amori (1986); then named cossyrensis in a footnote (Contoli et al., 1989) and later redescribed by Contoli (1990). Closely related to russula if not conspecific (Sara et al., 1990). However, morphological (Sara and Vogel, 1996; Sara and Zanca, 1992) as well as chromosomal differences, restricted fertility in the F2 generation (Vogel et al., 1992), and yet unpublished genetic data (Vogel, pers. comm.) suggest that C. russula includes two species; cossyrensis has been used for the E North African taxon (Contoli and Aloise, 2001; Hutterer, 1993a), but ichnusae has priority. Sara and Vogel (1996) considered agilis as unidentifiable taxon. The names mauritanicus, pigmaea and heljanensis are listed here under russula on geographical grounds, while ichnusae and ibicensis belong to the E North African taxon, based o... [truncated]	North African White-toothed Shrew
13700095	Crocidura indochinensis	Robinson and Kloss 1922	SPECIES			indochinensis		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser 9 vol.9 p.88			Burma, N Thailand to Vietnam; Yunnan and Fujian (China); exact limits unknown.		This species is usually included in horsfieldii (Corbet and Hill, 1992; Jameson and Jones, 1977; Jenkins, 1976; Jiang and Hoffmann, 2001), but the restriction of horsfieldii to Sri Lanka and India and the removal of wuchinensis leaves indochinensis as the available name for the populations from Burma to China. Heaney and Timm (1983) reported this species from Vietnam under C. horsfieldii.	Indochinese Shrew
13700097	Crocidura jenkinsi	Chakraborty 1978	SPECIES			jenkinsi		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Bull. Zool. Surv. India vol.1 p.303			Known only from the type locality and from Mt. Harriet.	IUCN  Data Deficient.	Included in nicobarica by Corbet and Hill (1991), without comment. Das (1999) found C. jenkinsi in sympatry with C. andamanensis on Mt. Harriet, Andaman Isl.	Jenkin's Shrew
13700098	Crocidura jouvenetae	Heim de Balsac 1958	SPECIES			jouvenetae		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Mém. Inst. fr. d'Afr. noire vol.53 p.331		ebriensis  Heim de Balsac and Aellen, 1958.	S Guinea, Liberia, and Côte dIvoire.		Heim de Balsac and Meester (1977) included ebriensis, ingoldbyi and jouvenetae in crossei, which was followed by Hutterer (1993a). However, jouvenetae and ebriensis represent much larger animals than crossei and ingoldbyi. The exact ranges of both species remain to be determined, but both forms occur almost sympatrically from Guinea to Côte dIvoire. C. ebriensis was listed as a separate species by Maddalena and Ruedi (1994), Wolsan and Hutterer (1998), and Schlitter et al. (1999), but jouvenetae has priority.	Jouvenet's Shrew
13700099	Crocidura katinka	Bate 1937	SPECIES			katinka		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser 10 vol.20 p.398			Israel and Palestine, Syria, SW Iran (Hutterer and Kock, 2002, and unpublished).		The brief diagnosis of Bate (1937a) was detailed by Bate (1937b). The species was previously known only from Pleistocene fossils, but Hutterer and Kock (2002) allocated remains from fresh owl pellets collected in Syria to this species. A yet unreported specimen from SW Iran appears to represent the same species.	Katinka's Shrew
13700100	Crocidura kivuana	Heim de Balsac 1968	SPECIES			kivuana		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Biologia Gabonica vol.4 p.319			Kahuzi-Biega National Park (Dem. Rep. Congo).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Very localized species occurring in montane swamps; see Dieterlen and Heim de Balsac (1979).	Kivu Shrew
13700101	Crocidura lamottei	Heim de Balsac 1968	SPECIES			lamottei		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Mammalia vol.32 p.386		elegans  Hutterer, 1986.	Sudan and Guinea savanna from Senegal to W Cameroon.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes elegans as a subspecies; see Hutterer (1986a). Karyotype has 2n = 52, FN = 68 (Meylan, 1971).	Lamotte's Shrew
13700102	Crocidura lamottei subsp. lamottei	Heim de Balsac 1968	SUBSPECIES		lamottei	lamottei		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Mammalia vol.32 p.386						
13700103	Crocidura lamottei subsp. elegans	Hutterer 1986	SUBSPECIES		elegans	lamottei		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700105	Crocidura lasiura	Dobson 1890	SPECIES			lasiura		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.5 p.31		campuslincolnensis  Sowerby, 1945; lasiura Giglioli and Salvadori, 1887 [nomen nudum]; lizenkani Kishida, 1931 [nomen nudum]; neglecta Kuroda, 1934 [not Jentink, 1888]; sodyi Kuroda, 1935; thomasi Sowerby, 1917; yamashinai Kuroda, 1934 [see Corbet, 1978c:29].	Ussuri Region (Russia) and NE China to Korea; Kiangsu (China). Range mapped by Zaitsev (1993) and Jiang and Hoffmann (2001).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Karyotype has 2n = 40, FN = 56 (Zima et al., 1998). For synonyms see Corbet (1978c:29).	Ussuri White-toothed Shrew
13700442	Soriculus nigrescens subsp. minor	Dobson 1890	SUBSPECIES		minor	nigrescens		Soriculus	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700107	Crocidura lea	Miller and Hollister 1921	SPECIES			lea		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.34 p.102			N and C Sulawesi, tropical rain forest (Musser, 1987a).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Smallest in an assemblage of endemic shrews (C. elongata, C. lea, C. musseri, C. nigripes, C. rhoditis) that occur together in C Sulawesi (Ruedi, 1995). Only C. levicula is smaller.	Sulawesi Shrew
13700108	Crocidura lepidura	Lyon 1908	SPECIES			lepidura		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. vol.34 p.662		villosa  Robinson and Kloss, 1918.	E Sumatra.		Formerly included in C. fuliginosa, but resurrected by Ruedi (1995). Karyotype has 2n = 37-38, FN = 54 (Ruedi and Vogel, 1995).	Sumatran Giant Shrew
13700109	Crocidura leucodon	Hermann 1780	SPECIES			leucodon		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	In Zimmermann, Geogr. Gesch. Mensch. Vierf. Thiere vol.2 p.382		albipes (Kerr, 1792); avicennai Stroganov, 1960; hydruntina Costa, 1844; judaica Thomas, 1919; lasia Thomas, 1906; leucodus Schulze, 1897; microurus (Fatio, 1869); narentae Bolkay, 1925; persica Thomas, 1907; volgensis Stroganov, 1960.	France to the Volga and Caucasus; Elburz Mtns; Asia Minor; Israel; Lebanon; Lesbos Isl (Aegean Sea).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Richter (1970) and Gureev (1979). Includes persica; see Dolgov (1979). Gureev (1979) and Gromov and Baranova (1981) listed persica as a distinct species without comment. Includes lasia; see Catzeflis et al. (1985), Gureev (1979), and Jenkins (1976); but see also Corbet (1978c). Does not include caspica from Iran, but judaica from Palestine. European range reviewed by Krapp (1990), Arabian range by Harrison and Bates (1991). The assignment of hydruntina follows Nappi and Maio (2000). Karyotype has 2n = 28, FN = 56 (Zima et al., 1998).	Bicolored Shrew
13700111	Crocidura littoralis	Heller 1910	SPECIES			littoralis		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Smithson. Misc. Coll. vol.56 15 p.5		oritis  Hollister, 1916.	Rain forest of Cameroon, Central African Republic, Dem. Rep. Congo, Uganda and Kenya.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	This species was included in monax, but is a distinct species (Dieterlen and Heim de Balsac, 1979; Hutterer 1993a).	Naked-tail Shrew
13700112	Crocidura longipes	Hutterer and Happold 1983	SPECIES			longipes		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Bonn. Zool. Monogr. vol.18 p.53			Known from two swamps in Guinea savanna in W Nigeria.	IUCN  Endangered.	May be related to foxi.	Savanna Swamp Shrew
13700113	Crocidura lucina	Dippenaar 1980	SPECIES			lucina		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Transvaal Mus. vol.32 p.134-138			Montane moorlands of E Ethiopia.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Part of the Ethiopian radiation of Crocidura with 2n = 36 and FN = 52 (Lavrenchenko et al., 1997: Fig. 5, as Crocidura sp. A., Lavrenchenko, pers. comm.). Species confined to the Afro-Alpine moorland (Hutterer and Yalden, 1990).	Lucina's Shrew
13700114	Crocidura ludia	Hollister 1916	SPECIES			ludia		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.35 p.668			Medje and Tandala (N Dem. Rep. Congo); Dzanga-Sangha FR (Central African Republic).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Included in dolichura by Heim de Balsac and Meester (1977), but regarded as a full species by Hutterer and Dippenaar (1987). Ray and Hutterer (1996) identifed this species in carnivore scats from Central African Republic.	Ludia's Shrew
13700115	Crocidura luna	Dollman 1910	SPECIES			luna		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.5 p.175		electa  Dollmann, 1910; garambae Heim de Balsac and Verschuren, 1968; inyangai Lundholm, 1955; johnstoni Dollmann, 1915; schistacea Osgood, 1910; umbrosa Dollman, 1915.	Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe, E Angola, Dem. Rep. Congo, Malawi, Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	A uniform group of bluish-gray shrews that exhibit a considerable geographic size variation; probably a composite group. Revised by Dippenaar and Meester (1989). Does not include macmillani, raineyi, and selina. In a biochemical comparison, specimens from Rwanda grouped outside all other African Crocidura studied (Maddalena, 1990).	Moonshine Shrew
13700116	Crocidura lusitania	Dollman 1915	SPECIES			lusitania		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.15 p.516			Sahelian zone from S Morocco to Senegal, Mauritania, Mali, Nigeria, Sudan and Ethiopia; a Saharan record from Mali.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Included in subgenus Afrosorex by Hutterer (1986a), but a recent genetic study (Querouil et al., In Press) does not support this action. For a summary of distributional records, see Hutterer (1986a) and Sidiyene (1989). Karyotype has 2n = 38, FN = 64 (Maddalena and Ruedi, 1994).	Mauritanian Shrew
13700117	Crocidura macarthuri	St. Leger 1934	SPECIES			macarthuri		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 10 vol.13 p.559			Savanna plains of Kenya and Somalia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	The species has been recorded from Somalia as smithi (e.g., Heim de Balsac, 1966a); see Hutterer (1986a).	MacArthur's Shrew
13700118	Crocidura macmillani	Dollman 1915	SPECIES			macmillani		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.16 p.361			Ethiopia, Western Plateau.	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	A rare species that was known from the holotype only, but recently rediscovered in the Middle Godjeb Valley, Western Plateau (Bannikova et al., 2001b). Formerly included in fumosa (Yalden et al., 1976) or luna (Heim de Balsac and Meester, 1977; Hutterer, 1981b), but Dippenaar (1980) showed that two endemic Ethiopian species, macmillani and thalia, were covered under these names. Karyotype (2n = 28) and restriction DNA analysis data indicate that macmillani is not part of the Ethiopian glassi-thalia group (Bannikova et al., 2001b).	MacMillan's Shrew
13700473	Sorex bendirii subsp. albiventer	Merriam 1895	SUBSPECIES		albiventer	bendirii	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700120	Crocidura malayana	Robinson and Kloss 1911	SPECIES			malayana		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	J. Fed. Malay St. Mus. vol.4 p.241-247		aagaardi  Kloss, 1917; aoris Robinson, 1912; gravida Kloss, 1917; klossi Robinson, 1912; major Kloss, 1911 [not Wagler, 1832].	Malay Peninsula and offshore islands south of the Isthmus of Kra (Pulau Aor and Pulau Redang).	IUCN  Endangered.	This species was included in fuliginosa by Jenkins (1976, 1982), but Ruedi et al. (1990) reported two different karyotypes from sympatric populations in Peninsular Malaysia. They provisionally used malayana for the sibling species with 2n = 38-40, and FN = 62-68. The listing of synonms follows Ruedi (1995) who subsequently reviewed the species.	Malayan Shrew
13700121	Crocidura manengubae	Hutterer 1982	SPECIES			manengubae		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Bonn. Zool. Beitr. vol.32 p.242			Bamenda, Adamaoua, and Yaounde highlands, Cameroon.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Resembles C. littoralis and C. maurisca morphologically; see Hutterer (1994) and Goodman et al. (2001a).	Manenguba Shrew
13700122	Crocidura maquassiensis	Roberts 1946	SPECIES			maquassiensis		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Transvaal Mus. vol.20 p.312		malani  Lundholm, 1955.	Mpumalanga Prov. and Northwest Prov. (South Africa); Nyamaziwa Falls, and Matopo Hills (Zimbabwe).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes malani; and may be related to pitmani; see Meester (1963) and Meester et al. (1986). Geometrics of the mandible distinguish this species and the similar cyanea and silacea (Taylor and Contrafatto, 1997).	Makwassie Musk Shrew
13700123	Crocidura mariquensis	A. Smith 1844	SPECIES			mariquensis		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Illustr. Zool. S. Afr. Mamm. p.pl. 44, fig. 1		pilosa  Dobson, 1890; sylvia Thomas and Schwann, 1906; neavei Wroughton, 1907; shortridgei St. Leger, 1932.	Swamps and forest from South Africa to Mozambique, W Zimbabwe, and Zambia; NW Botswana and NE Namibia to SC Angola; perhaps SE Dem. Rep. Congo.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes pilosa and sylvia as synonyms and shortridgei and neavei as subspecies; see Dippenaar (1977, 1979), who reviewed the species and selected a lectotype. May also include nigricans, which Crawford-Cabral (1987) considered distinct.	Swamp Musk Shrew
13700124	Crocidura mariquensis subsp. mariquensis	A. Smith 1844	SUBSPECIES		mariquensis	mariquensis		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Illustr. Zool. S. Afr. Mamm. p.pl. 44, fig. 1						
13700125	Crocidura mariquensis subsp. neavei	Wroughton 1907	SUBSPECIES		neavei	mariquensis		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700126	Crocidura mariquensis subsp. shortridgei	St. Leger 1932	SUBSPECIES		shortridgei	mariquensis		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700127	Crocidura maurisca	Thomas 1904	SPECIES			maurisca		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.14 p.239			Swamps and primary forest in Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi; a single record from Gabon.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Part of the C. maurisca-littoralis species group; the extinct balsamifera from Ancient Egypt is probably related (Hutterer, 1994). A record from Gabon (Goodman et al., 2001a) is far outside of the known range of the species.	Gracile Naked-tailed Shrew
13700128	Crocidura maxi	Sody 1936	SPECIES			maxi		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Natuurk. Tijdschr. Ned.-Ind. vol.96 p.53			Java, Lesser Sunda Isls (Bali, Sumbawa, Komodo, Sumba, Flores, Alor, Roti, Timor), and Ambon (Moluccas, Indonesia).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Occurs sympatrically with monticola in Java; see Jenkins (1982) and Kitchener et al. (1994a). Ruedi (1995) questioned the validity of maxi but stated (p. 243) that "Eastern representatives, which are usually larger, with a flatter skull profile than nominal and central forms, could be treated as a distinct subspecies, C. monticola maxi."	Javanese Shrew
13700129	Crocidura mindorus	Miller 1910	SPECIES			mindorus		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. vol.38 p.392			Mindoro and Sibuyan, uncommon in forest from 325 m to 1,325 m.	IUCN  Endangered.	Goodman and Ingle (1993) reported six specimens from Sibuyan, the first examples since the description of the species; see also Heaney and Ruedi (1994) and Heaney et al. (1998).	Mindoro Shrew
13700130	Crocidura miya	Phillips 1929	SPECIES			miya		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Spolia Zeylan. vol.15 p.113			Highlands of C Sri Lanka.	IUCN  Endangered.	A very distinctive species, resembling C. elongata of Sulawesi, or C. dolichura of Africa. Known by a handful of specimens; see Phillips (1980) for further information.	Sri Lankan Long-tailed Shrew
13700131	Crocidura monax	Thomas 1910	SPECIES			monax		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.6 p.310			Montane forests in N Tanzania and possibly W Kenya.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Part of the the littoralis group; see Dieterlen and Heim de Balsac (1979). Does not includes oritis (part of littoralis) and ultima (treated as full species here) as suggested by Heim de Balsac and Meester (1977). The real distribution of C. monax is unknown; Jenkins (in Burgess et al., 2000) restricted monax to the type locality, while Stanley et al. (2000b) listed it from a number of mountains in N Tanzania. Dollman (1914) recorded the species from W Kenya, but these records need to be confirmed.	Kilimanjaro Shrew
13700141	Crocidura nicobarica	Miller 1902	SPECIES			nicobarica		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. vol.24 p.776			Great Nicobar Isl (Nicobar Isls, India).	IUCN  Data Deficient.	Not a species of Suncus, as suggested by Krumbiegel (1978:71). Corbet and Hill (1991) included jenkinsi which is retained as distinct until more evidence is presented.	Nicobar Shrew
13700132	Crocidura monticola	Peters 1870	SPECIES			monticola		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Monatsb. K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin vol.1870 p.584		bartelsii  Jentink, 1910; minuta Otten, 1917 [not Lyddeker, 1902]; neglecta Jentink, 1888.	Borneo, Sumatra, Java, doubtfully Peninsular Malaysia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as C. monticola, Data Deficient as C. minuta.	Revised by Jenkins (1982) and Ruedi (1995); latter author included also maxi as a synonym. However, Kitchener et al. (1994a) recognized maxi and monticola and defined the range as given above. C. minuta was listed as a species in the previous edition (Hutterer, 1993a); the name is most probably a synonym of monticola; see Jenkins (1982) and Ruedi (1995).	Sunda Shrew
13700133	Crocidura montis	Thomas 1906	SPECIES			montis		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7 vol.18 p.138			Montane forest in C and E Africa; Mt. Ruwenzori and Mt. Elgon (Uganda), Kilimanjaro and Mt. Meru (Tanzania), Imatong Mtns (Sudan), Mt. Kenya (Kenya).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Formerly a subspecies of fumosa but see Demeter and Hutterer (1986) and Dippenaar and Meester (1989), who revised the species. Habitat and ecology on Mt. Elgon described by Clausnitzer et al. (2003).	Montane White-toothed Shrew
13700134	Crocidura muricauda	Miller 1900	SPECIES			muricauda		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. vol.2 p.645			West African high forest from Guinea to Ghana.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Often included in dolichura as a subspecies but constantly differs in its hairy tail while dolichura never shows any pilosity of the tail. Genetically not even closely related to dolichura (Querouil et al., In Press).	West African Long-tailed Shrew
13700169	Crocidura olivieri subsp. sururae	Heller 1910	SUBSPECIES		sururae	olivieri		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700170	Crocidura olivieri subsp. toritensis	Setzer 1956	SUBSPECIES		toritensis	olivieri		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700135	Crocidura musseri	Ruedi and Vogel 1995	SPECIES			musseri		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Experientia vol.51 p.175, Fig. 1			Known only from type locality.		Unique karyotype (2n = 32, FN = 54) described by Ruedi and Vogel (1995) who formally named the species (February, 1995). Full description subsequently published (in November) by Ruedi (1995:254). This species is a member of the moss forest guild of small mammals described by Musser (1982, 1987a).	Mossy Forest Shrew
13700136	Crocidura mutesae	Heller 1910	SPECIES			mutesae		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Smithson. Misc. Coll. vol.56 15 p.3			Uganda; perhaps more widely distributed.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	A large species, alternatively assigned to hirta (Allen, 1939) or suahelae (Heim de Balsac and Meester, 1977). Recorded as mutesae from Central African Republic (Ray and Hutterer, 1996), but its taxonomic status is far from being settled. Possibly a synonym of C. olivieri.	Ugandan Musk Shrew
13700137	Crocidura nana	Dobson 1890	SPECIES			nana		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.5 p.225			Somalia, Ethiopia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	The name nana has been applied to various small shrews of Somalia, Ethiopia, and Egypt, leading to the proposal (Setzer, 1957) that nana is conspecific with religiosa (which it does not antedate); a conclusion followed by Heim de Balsac and Mein (1971) and Osborn and Helmy (1980). Personal examination of the holotype of nana revealed that it represents a juvenile (skull inside the skin) of a species larger that religiosa; this conclusion was supported by better preserved topotypical specimens from Somalia in the BMNH, which were also compared with the neotype of religiosa (Corbet, 1978c:27). The proposed conspecificy can therefore not be accepted, and religiosa remains an endemic of the Nile valley in Egypt (Hutterer, 1994). The relation of nana with other small species has yet to be studied.	Somali Dwarf Shrew
13700138	Crocidura nanilla	Thomas 1909	SPECIES			nanilla		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.4 p.99		denti  St. Leger, 1932 [not Dollman, 1915]; nancilla St. Leger, 1932 [lapsus]; rudolfi St. Leger, 1932.	Dry and moist savanna from West Africa (Mauritania) to Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes rudolfi; see Heim de Balsac and Meester (1977). Often confused with other small species such as fuscomurina and pasha. For a discussion of "small Crocidura", see Heim de Balsac (1968d). Karyotype from Côte dIvoire has 2n = 42, FN = 74 (Maddalena and Ruedi, 1994).	Savanna Dwarf Shrew
13700176	Crocidura palawanensis	Taylor 1934	SPECIES			palawanensis		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Monogr. Bur. Sci. Manila vol.30 p.88			Palawan and Balabac Isl, Philippines.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	May belong to C. fuliginosa (Heaney et al., 1987) or to C. foetida (Ruedi, 1995). Reviewed by Heaney and Ruedi (1994).	Palawan Shrew
13700139	Crocidura negligens	Robinson and Kloss 1914	SPECIES			negligens		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. ?[check] vol.13 p.232		maporensis  Robinson and Kloss in Robinson, 1916; tionis Kloss, 1917.	Malay Peninsula and some adjacent islands (Koh Samui, Pulau Tioman, Pulau Mapor).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Formerly included in C. fuliginosa, but given species rank by Ruedi (1995). Karyotype (2n = 38, FN = 62) described by Ruedi and Vogel (1995). May be sympatric with C. malayana in some areas.	Peninsular Shrew
13700140	Crocidura negrina	Rabor 1952	SPECIES			negrina		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Chicago Acad. Sci. Nat. Hist. Misc. vol.96 p.6			Primary forest at 500 to 1450 m on S Negros Isl (Philippines).	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Reviewed by Heaney and Ruedi (1994).	Negros Shrew
13700658	Scapanus latimanus subsp. anthonyi	J. A. Allen 1893	SUBSPECIES		anthonyi	latimanus		Scapanus	Talpidae	Soricomorpha							
13700142	Crocidura nigeriae	Dollman 1915	SPECIES			nigeriae		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.15 p.524			Rainforest in Nigeria, Cameroon, and Bioko; exact distribution unknown.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Formerly included in poensis; but see Heim de Balsac (1957), Meylan and Vogel (1982), and Hutterer and Happold (1983). The karyotype of nigeria (2n = 50, FN = 76) is identical to that of batesi from Cameroon (Schlitter et al., 1999), and it is possible that both are conspecifics.	Nigerian Shrew
13700143	Crocidura nigricans	Bocage 1889	SPECIES			nigricans		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	J. Sci. Math. Phys. Nat. Lisboa, ser. 2 vol.1 p.28			Angola.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Regarded unidentifiable by Heim de Balsac and Meester (1977), but specific status upheld by Crawford-Cabral (1987).	Blackish White-toothed Shrew
13700144	Crocidura nigripes	Miller and Hollister 1921	SPECIES			nigripes		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.34 p.101		lipara  Miller and Hollister, 1921.	N and C Sulawesi, in tropical rain forest (Musser, 1987a).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Ruedi (1995) recognized lipara as a distinct subspecies. Karyotype has 2n = 38, FN = 56 (Ruedi and Vogel, 1995).	Black-footed Shrew
13700145	Crocidura nigripes subsp. nigripes	Miller and Hollister 1921	SUBSPECIES		nigripes	nigripes		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.34 p.101						
13700146	Crocidura nigripes subsp. lipara	Miller and Hollister 1921	SUBSPECIES		lipara	nigripes		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700171	Crocidura olivieri subsp. zuleika	Dollman 1915	SUBSPECIES		zuleika	olivieri		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700216	Crocidura silacea	Thomas 1895	SPECIES			silacea		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.16 p.53		holobrunneus  Roberts, 1931.	Occurs in most of South Africa, and parts of Botswana, Angola; Mozambique, Zambia and S Malawi.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	This species was formerly assigned to gracilipes or hildegardeae, but is not conspecific with either of these; see Meester et al. (1986) for a discussion.	Lesser Gray-brown Musk Shrew
13700499	Sorex fumeus	G. M. Miller 1895	SPECIES			fumeus	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	N. Am. Fauna vol.10 p.50		umbrosus  Jackson, 1917.	S Ontario, S Quebec, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia (Canada); all of New England and Appalachian Mtns and adjacent areas to NE Georgia (USA).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Otisorex. Reviewed by Owen (1984, Mammalian Species No. 215). Karyotype has 2n = 66, FN = 98. Overlaps in distribution and may be easily confused with arcticus in part of its range (Junge and Hoffmann, 1981).	Smoky Shrew
13700147	Crocidura nigrofusca	Matschie 1895	SPECIES			nigrofusca		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	SSugethiere Deutsch-Ost-Afrikas p.33		ansorgei  Dollman, 1915; cabrerai Morales Agacino, 1935; kempi Dollman, 1915; lakiundae Heller, 1912; luluae Matschie, 1926; nilotica Heller, 1910; nyikae Dollman, 1915; provocax Thomas, 1910; zaodon Osgood, 1910; zena Dollman, 1915 [see Heim de Balsac and Meester, 1977].	S Ethiopia and Sudan through E Africa to Zambia and Angola, Dem. Rep. Congo, perhaps Cameroon.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes luluae Matschie, 1926 (Luluabourg, Dem. Rep. Congo) and zaodon Osgood, 1910 (Nairobi, Kenya) which were listed as separate species by Heim de Balsac and Meester (1977) and Dippenaar and Meester (1989); see Hutterer et al. (1987b). The holotypes of nigrofusca, luluae, and zaodon have been studied. Gureev (1979) listed ansorgei, nilotica, and zena as distinct species without comment. The species requires a careful systematic revision.For synonyms see Heim de Balsac and Meester (1977).	African Black Shrew
13700148	Crocidura nimbae	Heim de Balsac 1956	SPECIES			nimbae		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Mammalia vol.20 p.131			Submontane and primary lowland forest in Sierra Leone, Guinea, Liberia, and Côte dIvoire; in the Tai National Park (Côte dIvoire) it occurs only in undisturbed primary forest (Churchfield et al., 2004).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	A very distinct species; not conspecific with wimmeri as previously suggested (see Hutterer, 1983a).	Nimba Shrew
13700149	Crocidura niobe	Thomas 1906	SPECIES			niobe		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.18 p.138			Montane forests of EC Africa (Uganda, Dem. Rep. Congo); perhaps Ethiopia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Ethiopian records (Corbet and Yalden, 1972; Yalden et al., 1976) uncertain; see Hutterer and Yalden (1990).	Niobe's Shrew
13700177	Crocidura paradoxura	Dobson 1886	SPECIES			paradoxura		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova vol.4 p.566		aequicauda  Robinson and Kloss, 1918.	Mountains of N and W Sumatra.	IUCN  Endangered.	A large species with a long tail. Revised by Ruedi (1995). Corbet and Hill (1992) also referred a specimen from Java which may represent paradoxura, or a different species (Ruedi, 1995).	Sumatran Long-tailed Shrew
13700150	Crocidura obscurior	Heim de Balsac 1958	SPECIES			obscurior		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Mém. Inst. fr. Afr. noire vol.53 p.328		eburnea  Heim de Balsac, 1958.	Sierra Leone to Côte dIvoire; possibly Nigeria.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Described as a subspecies of bottegi (see Heim de Balsac and Meester, 1977), but its longer skull (Hutterer and Happold, 1983) and West African distribution distinguish it. Two different karyotypes have been described from Côte dIvoire, 2n = 36, FN = 56 (Maddalena and Ruedi, 1994), and 2n = 40, FN = 60 (Meylan, 1971; under bottegi). The problem needs to be analyzed.	West African Pygmy Shrew
14100045	Tapirus terrestris subsp. aenigmaticus	Gray 1872	SUBSPECIES		aenigmaticus	terrestris		Tapirus	Tapiridae	Perissodactyla							
13700151	Crocidura olivieri	Lesson 1827	SPECIES			olivieri		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Manuel de Mammalogie p.121		deltae  Heim de Balsac and Barloy, 1966; anchietae Bocage, 1889; bueae Heim de Balsac and Barloy, 1966; cara Dollmann, 1915; cinereoaenea (Rüppell, 1842); doriana Dobson, 1887; darfurea Thomas and Hinton, 1923; giffardi de Winton, 1898; guineensis Cabrera, 1903 [not Heim de Balsac, 1968]; atlantis Heim de Balsac and Barloy, 1966; hansruppi Hutterer, 1981; hedenborgiana (Sundevall, 1843); ferruginea Heuglin, 1865; fuscosa Thomas, 1913; hedenborgi (Sundevall, 1843); hera Dollmann, 1915; kijabae J. A. Allen, 1909; kivu Osgood, 1910; luluana Cabrera, 1925; manni Peters, 1878; martiensseni Neumann, 1900; nyansae Neumann, 1900; daphnia Hollister, 1916; occidentalis (Pucheran, 1855); aequatorialis (Pucheran, 1855); petersii Dobson, 1890; odorata (Leconte, 1857); spurelli Thomas, 1910; sururae Heller, 1910; tatiana Dollman, 1915; toritensis Setzer, 1956; zuleika Dollman, 1915; herero St. Leger, 1932.	Egypt; Mauretania to Ethiopia, and southwards to N South Africa.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	<p>Crocidura olivieri is the valid and widely used name for large African shrews previously known as flavescens (which is now the valid name for a species restricted to South Africa; see Maddalena et al., 1987). Chitaukali et al. (2001) recently proposed to use occidentalis instead of olivieri, which they regard as a nomen dubium, despite the neotype designation by Corbet (1978). The description of C. olivieri was based on a large mummified shrew from Ancient Egypt. The same species occurs in Egypt today (Hutterer, 1994), and there is no reason to believe that the name olivieri does not refer to the extant species.</p><p>This group of giant shrews was reviewed by Heim de Balsac and Barloy (1966). Well known subspecies names are anchietae, doriana, ferruginea, fuscosa, giffardi, guineeensis, hansruppi, hedenborgiana, kivu, manni, martiensseni... [truncated]	African Giant Shrew
13700153	Crocidura olivieri subsp. anchietae	Bocage 1889	SUBSPECIES		anchietae	olivieri		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700154	Crocidura olivieri subsp. bueae	Heim de Balsac and Barloy 1966	SUBSPECIES		bueae	olivieri		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700155	Crocidura olivieri subsp. cara	Dollmann 1915	SUBSPECIES		cara	olivieri		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700156	Crocidura olivieri subsp. cinereoaenea	Rüppell 1842	SUBSPECIES		cinereoaenea	olivieri		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700157	Crocidura olivieri subsp. darfurea	Thomas and Hinton 1923	SUBSPECIES		darfurea	olivieri		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700158	Crocidura olivieri subsp. giffardi	de Winton 1898	SUBSPECIES		giffardi	olivieri		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700159	Crocidura olivieri subsp. guineensis	Cabrera 1903	SUBSPECIES		guineensis	olivieri		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	[not Heim de Balsac, 1968]						
13700160	Crocidura olivieri subsp. hansruppi	Hutterer 1981	SUBSPECIES		hansruppi	olivieri		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700161	Crocidura olivieri subsp. hedenborgiana	Sundevall 1843	SUBSPECIES		hedenborgiana	olivieri		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700162	Crocidura olivieri subsp. kivu	Osgood 1910	SUBSPECIES		kivu	olivieri		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700163	Crocidura olivieri subsp. manni	Peters 1878	SUBSPECIES		manni	olivieri		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700164	Crocidura olivieri subsp. martiensseni	Neumann 1900	SUBSPECIES		martiensseni	olivieri		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700165	Crocidura olivieri subsp. nyansae	Neumann 1900	SUBSPECIES		nyansae	olivieri		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700166	Crocidura olivieri subsp. occidentalis	Pucheran 1855	SUBSPECIES		occidentalis	olivieri		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700167	Crocidura olivieri subsp. odorata	Leconte 1857	SUBSPECIES		odorata	olivieri		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700172	Crocidura orientalis	Jentink in Weber 1890	SPECIES			orientalis		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Zool. Ergebn. Reis. Ned. Ost. Ind. vol.I p.124		lawuana  Sody, 1936.	Mountains of Java.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Sometimes referred to fuliginosa (Heaney et al., 1987; Jenkins, 1982), but represents a distinct species (Corbet and Hill, 1992; Ruedi, 1995). In Java C. orientalis is confined to the mountains and replaced by C. brunnea in the lowlands. Ruedi (1995) distinguished lawuana as a subspecies. Karyotype has 2n = 38, FN = 56 (Ruedi and Vogel, 1995).	Oriental Shrew
13700173	Crocidura orientalis subsp. orientalis	Jentink in Weber 1890	SUBSPECIES		orientalis	orientalis		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Zool. Ergebn. Reis. Ned. Ost. Ind. vol.I p.124						
13700174	Crocidura orientalis subsp. lawuana	Sody 1936	SUBSPECIES		lawuana	orientalis		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700175	Crocidura orii	Kuroda 1924	SPECIES			orii		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	[New Mammals from the Ryukyu Islands] p.3			Amami Group of Ryukyu Isls, Japan.	IUCN  Endangered.	Provisionally included in dsinezumi (Corbet, 1978c); but regarded as a separate species by Imaizumi (1961, 1970b), Abe (1967), Jenkins (1976), Corbet and Hill (1992), and Hutterer (1993a), among others. The species was first described by Kuroda (1924) in a publication which, although privately published, has been regarded as available by all subsequent authors. See Motokawa (1998) for a review of the species.	Ryukyu Shrew
13700178	Crocidura parvipes	Osgood 1910	SPECIES			parvipes		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser. vol.10 p.19		boydi  Dollman, 1915; chitauensis Hill and Carter, 1937; cuanzensis Hill and Carter, 1937; katharina Kershaw, 1922; lutrella Heller, 1910; nisa Hollister, 1916.	Africa; Guinea and Sudan savanna from Cameroon to S Sudan, Ethiopia (Hutterer and Yalden, 1990), Kenya, Tanzania, S Dem. Rep. Congo, Zambia to Angola (Hutterer, 1986a:31).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	A cranially and externally distinct group of medium-sized savanna shrews. Included in subgenus Afrosorex by Hutterer (1986a). Considerable size variation, however, may indicate that more than one species is included. Karyotypes from Ethiopia (2n = 50; Bannikova et al., 2001b) and from Cameroon (2n = 52, FN = 66; Schlitter et al., 1999) are different. Specimens recorded as Crocidura butleri percivali from Machakos, Kenya (Harrison and Bates, 1986) represent C. parvipes.	Small-footed Shrew
13700568	Sorex palustris subsp. albibarbis	Cope 1862	SUBSPECIES		albibarbis	palustris	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700179	Crocidura pasha	Dollman 1915	SPECIES			pasha		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.15 p.517			Sudan and Sahelian savanna of Sudan and Mali; a single record from Ethiopia (Demeter, 1982).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Often confused with nanilla and lusitania; does not include glebula which is a synonym of fuscomurina or planiceps; see Hutterer and Kock (1983) and Hutterer and Happold (1983). Dobigny et al. (2001b) found this tiny shrew to be common in the Adrar des Iforas Massif in N Mali.	Sahelian Tiny Shrew
13700180	Crocidura pergrisea	Miller 1913	SPECIES			pergrisea		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.26 p.113			Mountains of W Himalaya (Kashmir).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Some authors have included armenica, serezkyensis, and zarudnyi (see Spitzenberger, 1971a, and Corbet, 1978c, for a review of literature); but all are now considered separate species. A considerable diversity of opinions exists in the literature on the allocation of the different forms. Following Jenkins (1976), the name pergrisea is applied only to the largest species, as represented by the type series from Baltistan.	Pale Gray Shrew
13700181	Crocidura phaeura	Osgood 1936	SPECIES			phaeura		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser. vol.20 p.228			Montane and riverine forest along the Ethiopian Rift Valley (Duckworth et al., 1993).	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Considered a full species by Dippenaar and Meester (1989). Related to harenna; see discussion in Hutterer and Yalden (1990).	Guramba Shrew
13700182	Crocidura picea	Sanderson 1940	SPECIES			picea		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.24 p.682			W Cameroon, Bamenda Highlands.	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Holotype figured by Heim de Balsac and Hutterer (1982:142, fig. 3). New locality reported and karyotype (2n = 58, FN = 66) described by Schlitter et al. (1999).	Cameroonian Shrew
13700183	Crocidura pitmani	Barclay 1932	SPECIES			pitmani		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 10 vol.10 p.440			C and N Zambia.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Mapped under the name gracilipes by Ansell (1978).	Pitman's Shrew
13700184	Crocidura planiceps	Heller 1910	SPECIES			planiceps		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Smithson. Misc. Coll. vol.56 15 p.5			Ethiopia, Uganda, Sudan, Dem. Rep. Congo, Nigeria.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Closely related to fuscomurina, if not conspecific; see Heim de Balsac (1968d) and Hutterer (1983b).	Flat-headed Shrew
13700213	Crocidura sicula subsp. aegatensis	Hutterer 1991	SUBSPECIES		aegatensis	sicula		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700500	Sorex fumeus subsp. fumeus	G. M. Miller 1895	SUBSPECIES		fumeus	fumeus	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	N. Am. Fauna vol.10 p.50						
13700501	Sorex fumeus subsp. umbrosus	Jackson 1917	SUBSPECIES		umbrosus	fumeus	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
10400022	Caluromys philander subsp. philander	(Linnaeus) 1758	SUBSPECIES		philander	philander	Caluromys	Caluromys	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.54						
13700185	Crocidura poensis	Fraser 1842 "1843"	SPECIES			poensis		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1842 p.200		calabarensis  Sanderson, 1940; pamela Dollman, 1915; schweitzeri Peters, 1877; soricoides (Murray, 1860); stampflii Jentink, 1888 [see Heim de Balsac and Meester, 1977, and Hutterer and Happold, 1983].	West Africa (Guinea to Cameroon), Bioko, and Principe Isl.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	The definition of this large black shrew is still problematic. The karyotype (2n = 52, 53, FN = 70, 72) is only known from the Côte dIvoire population (pamela) (Meylan and Vogel, 1982), but not from the type locality. For synonyms see Heim de Balsac and Meester (1977) and Hutterer and Happold (1983).	Fraser's Musk Shrew
13700186	Crocidura polia	Hollister 1916	SPECIES			polia		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.35 p.669			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Included in dolichura by Heim de Balsac and Meester (1977) but represents a distinct species known only from the holotype.	Polia's Shrew
13700187	Crocidura pullata	Miller 1911	SPECIES			pullata		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.24 p.241			N India/Pakistan; Kashmir and Ladak (Jiang and Hoffmann 2001), otherwise unknown.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	The name pullata has been provisonally (and partly erroneously) used by Hutterer (1993a) as a label to include Asian populations formerly called russula by Jenkins (1976) and many other authors. It can be seen from the measurements provided by Jameson and Jones (1977) that the forms pullata, rapax and vorax differ from the European russula by a longer tail; all have been assigned to the West European species; see Lekagul and McNeely (1977), among others. All three are now regarded as separate species (Jiang and Hoffmann, 2001).	Kashmir White-toothed Shrew
13700188	Crocidura raineyi	Heller 1912	SPECIES			raineyi		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Smithson. Misc. Coll. vol.60 12 p.8-Jul			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Since its description C. raineyi has been considered a valid species, but was synonymized by Heim de Balsac and Meester (1977) with C. luna, an error corrected by Dippenaar and Meester (1989).	Rainey's Shrew
13700654	Scapanulus oweni	Thomas 1912	SPECIES			oweni		Scapanulus	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.10 p.397			Montane forest in C China: Kansu, Shensi and Sichuan.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Gansu Mole
13700189	Crocidura ramona	Ivanitskaya, Shenbrot, and Nevo 1996	SPECIES			ramona		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Z. SSugetierk. vol.61 p.97			Israel, Negev Highlands and edge of Judean Desert.		A light silver-gray shrew with a unique karyotype of 2n = 28, FN = 46 (Ivanitskaya et al., 1996a). Possibly related to the arispa, armenica, pergrisea, serezkiensis, zarudnyi group of rock shrews. Krytufek and Vohralík (2001) raised the question whether portali might represent an earlier name for ramona, however, portali was discussed as part of gmelini by Hutterer and Kock (2002).	Negev Shrew
13700190	Crocidura rapax	G. Allen 1923	SPECIES			rapax		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Amer. Mus. Novit. vol.100 p.9		kurodai  Jameson and Jones, 1977; lutaoensis Fang and Lee, 2002; tadae Tokuda and Kano, 1936.	S China and adjacent countries (Jiang and Hoffmann, 2001), NE India (specimens in FMNH).		Formerly included in russula or pullata, but see Jiang and Hoffmann (2001). Fang et al. (1997) retained kurodai as a separate species, but did not study rapax. Fang and Lee (2002) demonstrated that allopatric populations from Taiwan (kurodai), Orchid Isl (tadae) and Green Isl (lutaoensis) share the same karyotype (2n = 40, FN = 54 or 64), but differ in size and morphology and should therefore be considered as valid subspecies.	Chinese White-toothed Shrew
13700192	Crocidura rapax subsp. kurodai	Jameson and Jones 1977	SUBSPECIES		kurodai	rapax		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700193	Crocidura rapax subsp. lutaoensis	Fang and Lee 2002	SUBSPECIES		lutaoensis	rapax		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700194	Crocidura rapax subsp. tadae	Tokuda and Kano 1936	SUBSPECIES		tadae	rapax		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700195	Crocidura religiosa	I. Geoffroy 1827	SPECIES			religiosa		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris vol.15 p.128			Nile Valley (Egypt).	IUCN  Data Deficient.	Described from embalmed specimens from Ancient Egyptian tombs at Thebes; holotype not preserved. Corbet (1978c:27) selected a neotype from Giza.	Egyptian Pygmy Shrew
13700196	Crocidura rhoditis	Miller and Hollister 1921	SPECIES			rhoditis		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.34 p.102			Tropical rainforest of N, C, and SW Sulawesi (Musser, 1987a).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Karyotype has 2n = 30, FN = 50 (Ruedi and Vogel, 1995).	Sulawesi White-handed Shrew
13700197	Crocidura roosevelti	Heller 1910	SPECIES			roosevelti		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Smithson. Misc. Coll. vol.56 15 p.6			Forest-savanna margin of the Central African forest block; records from Angola, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Dem. Rep. Congo, Uganda, Rwanda, and Tanzania (Hutterer, 1981a).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Type species of subgenus Heliosorex Heller, 1910. Genetic data suggest that this species is not closely related to C. dolichura and allies (Querouil et al., In Press).	Roosevelt's Shrew
13700214	Crocidura sicula subsp. calypso	Hutterer 1991	SUBSPECIES		calypso	sicula		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
10400023	Caluromys philander subsp. affinis	Wagner 1842	SUBSPECIES		affinis	philander	Caluromys	Caluromys	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia							
13700215	Crocidura sicula subsp. esuae	Kotsakis 1984	SUBSPECIES		esuae	sicula		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700198	Crocidura russula	Hermann 1780	SPECIES			russula		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	In Zimmermann, Geogr. Gesch. Mensch. Vierf. Thiere vol.2 p.382		albiventris  de Selys Longchamps, 1839; araneus Schreber, 1778 [not of Linnaeus, 1758]; candidus Bechstein, 1801; chrysothorax Dehne, 1855; cinereus Bechstein, 1801; constrictus Hermann, 1780; fimbriatus Wagler, 1832; inodorus de Selys Longchamps, 1839; leucurus Shaw, 1800; major Wagler, 1832; moschata Wagler, 1832; musaraneus Cuvier, 1798; pigmaea Loche, 1867; poliogastra Wagler, 1832; rufa Wagler, 1832; thoracicus Savi, 1832; unicolor Kerr, 1792; cintrae Miller, 1907; osorio Molina and Hutterer, 1989; peta Montagu and Pickford, 1923; pulchra Cabrera, 1907; yebalensis Cabrera, 1913; chaouianensis Vesmanis and Vesmanis, 1980; foucauldi Morales Agacino, 1943; heljanensis Vesmanis, 1975; mauritanicus Pomel, 1856; safii Vesmanis and Vesmanis, 1980.	S and W Europe including some Atlantic isls off France and Great Britain; N Africa (Morocco; Algeria; Canary Isls).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as C. russula, Vulnerable as C. osorio.	Reviewed by Genoud and Hutterer (1990). The species is confined to W Europe and N Africa. Many populations from Asia and Africa have been erroneously assigned to russula (see Ellermann and Morrison-Scott, 1951). Allozyme and karyotype analyses by Catzeflis et al. (1985) have shown that animals from E Europe, Asia Minor, and Israel formerly identified as russula instead belong to suaveolens. This may also be true for other populations further east. Does not include hosletti, rapax, or vorax (as in Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1966:81; Jameson and Jones, 1977:465); see under species shantungensis, rapax, and vorax. Does not include ichnusae (= cossyrensis); see under that species. Recent morphological (Hutterer, unpubl.) and genetic studies (Vogel et al., 2003) suggest that osorio is a peripheral population of C. russula, possibly introduced by man, although differences in size, ecology, and... [truncated]	Greater White-toothed Shrew
13700199	Crocidura russula subsp. russula	Hermann 1780	SUBSPECIES		russula	russula		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	In Zimmermann, Geogr. Gesch. Mensch. Vierf. Thiere vol.2 p.382						
13700200	Crocidura russula subsp. cintrae	Miller 1907	SUBSPECIES		cintrae	russula		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700201	Crocidura russula subsp. osorio	Molina and Hutterer 1989	SUBSPECIES		osorio	russula		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700202	Crocidura russula subsp. peta	Montagu and Pickford 1923	SUBSPECIES		peta	russula		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700203	Crocidura russula subsp. pulchra	Cabrera 1907	SUBSPECIES		pulchra	russula		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700204	Crocidura russula subsp. yebalensis	Cabrera 1913	SUBSPECIES		yebalensis	russula		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700205	Crocidura selina	Dollman 1915	SPECIES			selina		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.16 p.371-372			Known only from three lowland forests in Uganda.	IUCN  Endangered.	Previously included in fumosa or luna, but considered a distinct species by Dippenaar and Meester (1989).	Ugandan Lowland Shrew
13700569	Sorex palustris subsp. brooksi	Anderson 1934	SUBSPECIES		brooksi	palustris	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700206	Crocidura serezkyensis	Laptev 1929	SPECIES			serezkyensis		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Opred. Mlekopitay. Sredney Asyy, Tashkent vol.1 p.16			Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan and Kazakhstan.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Previously included in pergrisea (Jenkins, 1976; Spitzenberger, 1971a), but considered a distinct species by Stogov and Bondar (1966) and Stogov (1985). Records from Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Azerbaijan (Graphodatsky et al., 1988) and Turkmenistan (Stogov and Bondar, 1966) presumably belong to the same species. Graphodatsky et al. (1988) reported on the karyotype of a specimen from Dzhulfa, SW Azerbaijan (under the name pergrisea); with 2n = 22, FN = 34, serezkyensis has the lowest chromosome number ever recorded for a shrew. Populations in Asia Minor (arispa Spitzenberger, 1971) were included in serezkyensis in the former edition (Hutterer, 1993a), but Krytufek and Vohralík (2001) have demonstrated that both represent distinct species.	Lesser Rock Shrew
13700207	Crocidura shantungensis	Miller 1901	SPECIES			shantungensis		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.14 p.158		coreae  Thomas, 1907; longicaudata Mori, 1927 [not longicaudata Tichomirov and Kortchagin, 1889]; ? orientis Ognev, 1922; phaeopus G. Allen, 1923; utsuryoensis Mori, 1937; quelpartis Kuroda, 1934; hosletti Jameson and Jones, 1977.	SE Siberia, E China and Korea incl. Taiwan, Cheju and Tsuchima Isl.	IUCN  Data Deficient.	Revised by Jiang and Hoffmann (2001). Previously included in C. suaveolens. Iwasa et al. (2001) reported a karyotype of 2n = 40, FN = 46 for specimens from Cheju Isl (= Quelpart Isl) which is indistinguishable from that of C. suaveolens. Kuroda (1934) included quelpartis in C. dsinezumi, while Jameson and Jones (1977) included it in C. russula. Motokawa et al. (2003) analyzed the morphometric geographic variation of shantungensis and found that populations of Cheju Isl (quelpartis) and Taiwan (hosletti) average larger. Possibly quelpartis can be recognized as a subspecies.	Asian Lesser White-toothed Shrew
13700208	Crocidura shantungensis subsp. shantungensis	Miller 1901	SUBSPECIES		shantungensis	shantungensis		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.14 p.158						
13700209	Crocidura shantungensis subsp. quelpartis	Kuroda 1934	SUBSPECIES		quelpartis	shantungensis		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700210	Crocidura sibirica	Dukelsky 1930	SPECIES			sibirica		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Zool. Anz. vol.88 p.75		ognevi  Stroganov, 1956.	C Asia from Lake Issyk Kul to Upper Ob River; Lake Baikal; perhaps also Sinkiang (China) and Mongolia (see Sokolov and Orlov, 1980:50).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes ognevi; see Yudin (1989). Species reviewed by Zaitsev (1993). Genetic data show that sibirica is related to suaveolens and shantungensis (Han et al., 2002).	Siberian Shrew
13700211	Crocidura sicula	Miller 1900	SPECIES			sicula		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.14 p.41		caudata  Miller, 1900; aegatensis Hutterer, 1991; calypso Hutterer, 1991; esuae Kotsakis, 1984.	Sicily, Egadi Isls and Ustica (Italy), and Gozo (Malta); extinct in Malta.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Revised by Hutterer (1991), who recognized one extinct and three extant subspecies. Formerly included in leucodon, russula, or suaveolens; but the species has a distinct karyotype (Sara and Vitturi, 1996; Vogel, 1988) and morphology (Vogel et al., 1989). Temporal and geographic variation studied by Hutterer (1991), Sara (1995, 1996), and Sara and Vitturi (1996).	Sicilian Shrew
13700212	Crocidura sicula subsp. sicula	Miller 1900	SUBSPECIES		sicula	sicula		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.14 p.41						
13700217	Crocidura smithii	Thomas 1895	SPECIES			smithii		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.15 p.51		debalsaci  Hutterer, 1981.	Arid regions of Senegal, Ethiopia, and probably Somalia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Revised by Hutterer (1986a). Specimens reported from Somalia by Heim de Balsac (1966a) represent macarthuri; see under that species. Includes debalsaci as a distinct subspecies; see Hutterer (1981b).	Desert Musk Shrew
13700218	Crocidura smithii subsp. smithii	Thomas 1895	SUBSPECIES		smithii	smithii		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.15 p.51						
13700219	Crocidura smithii subsp. debalsaci	Hutterer 1981	SUBSPECIES		debalsaci	smithii		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700220	Crocidura somalica	Thomas 1895	SPECIES			somalica		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.16 p.52			Dry savannas and semi-desert areas of Ethiopia, Sudan, and probably Somalia; Mali.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Revised by Hutterer and Jenkins (1983). Recently recorded from the Sahara (Mali) by Hutterer et al. (1992c), who regarded the subspecies dhofarensis from Oman as specifically distinct; see under dhofarensis.	Somali Shrew
13700221	Crocidura stenocephala	Heim de Balsac 1979	SPECIES			stenocephala		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	SSugetierkdl. Mitt. vol.27 p.258			Montane Cyperus swamps at Mt. Kahuzi, E Dem. Rep. Congo (Dieterlen and Heim de Balsac, 1979) and Bwindi Impenetrable N.P., SW Uganda (Kasangaki et al., 2003).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Described as a subspecies of littoralis but regarded as a full species by Hutterer (1982a) and Dippenaar (pers. comm.).	Kahuzi Swamp Shrew
13700257	Paracrocidura graueri	Hutterer 1986	SPECIES			graueri		Paracrocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Bonn. Zool. Beitr. vol.37 p.81			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Known only from the holotype which was collected in 1908. Like Myosorex schalleri, the species forms part of the endemic fauna of the Itombwe Mtns.	Grauer's Large-headed Shrew
13700222	Crocidura suaveolens	Pallas 1811	SPECIES			suaveolens		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat. vol.1 p.133		antipae  Matschie, 1901; aralychensis Satunin, 1914; ariadne Pieper, 1979; astrabadensis Goodwin, 1940; balcanica Ondrias, 1970; balearica Miller, 1907; bogdanowii Tichomirov and Kortchagin, 1889; bruecheri Lehmann, 1977; caneae Miller, 1909; cantabra Cabrera, 1908; cassiteridum Hinton, 1924; corsicana Heim de Balsac and Reynaud, 1940; cypria Bate, 1904; cyrnensis Miller, 1907; debeauxi Dal Piaz, 1925; dinnicki Ognev, 1922; enezsizunensis Heim de Balsac and Beaufort, 1966; fumigatus di Filippi, 1863; gueldenstaedtii (Pallas, 1811); iculisma Mottaz, 1908; italica Cavazza, 1912; longicaudata Tichomirov and Kortchagin, 1889 [not Mori, 1927]; mimula Miller, 1901; mimuloides Cavazza, 1912; minor de Sélys Longchamps, 1839; minuta Lydekker, 1902; monacha Thomas, 1906; oyaensis Heim de Balsac, 1940; ? pamirensis Ognev, 1928; praecypria Reumer and Oberli, 1988; ? sarda Cavazza, 1912; tristami (Bodenheimer, 1935); uxantisi Heim de Balsac, 1951.	Palearctic from Spain to Siberia; Atlantic isls (Scilly, Jersey, Sark, Ushant, Yeu, and others; see Cosson et al., 1996); many Mediterranean isls including Corsica, Crete, Cyprus, and Menorca.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as C. suaveolens and C. gueldenstaedtii.	A widespread and variable species which has often been confused with russula; the taxonomic status of many E Asian forms has recently been discussed; see also under rapax and shantungensis. The European, Arabian, and Asian ranges were reviewed by Vlasák and Niethammer (1990), Harrison and Bates (1991), and Jiang and Hoffmann (2001), respectively. The name gueldenstaedtii has produced much confusion. Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1966) listed it as a subspecies of russula and were followed by Corbet (1978c), among others. Richter (1970) applied gueldenstaedtii even to Mediterranean populations of suaveolens and was followed in that action by Kahmann and Vesmanis (1976). Hutterer (1981d) suggested that all these populations represent suaveolens; this was supported by karyological (2n = 40, FN = 50) and biochemical data (Catzeflis et al., 1985). Despite convincing evidence, some Russian authors (e.g., Graphodatsky et al.... [truncated]	Lesser White-toothed Shrew
13700223	Crocidura susiana	Redding and Lay 1978	SPECIES			susiana		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Z. SSugetierk. vol.43 p.307			Known only from the vicinity of Dezful (SW Iran), but may have a wider distribution.	IUCN  Endangered.		Iranian Shrew
13700224	Crocidura tanakae	Kuroda 1938	SPECIES			tanakae		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	A list of the Japanese mammals p.81			Taiwan, from sea level up to 2,200 m (Fang et al., 1997).		Originally described as a species, C. tanakae was subsequently sunk into synonymy of C. attenuata (Fang et al., 1997). Differences in the karyotype (Motokawa et al., 1997, 2001b) led to a renewed recognition of the species (Fang and Lee, 2002).	Taiwanese Gray Shrew
13700225	Crocidura tansaniana	Hutterer 1986	SPECIES			tansaniana		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Bonn. Zool. Beitr. vol.37 p.27			Usambara Mtns (Tanzania).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Previously known only by the holotype, but recently more specimens from the E and W Usambaras have been identified (Stanley et al., 2000b).	Tanzanian Shrew
13700226	Crocidura tarella	Dollman 1915	SPECIES			tarella		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.17 p.135			Uganda and adjacent Dem. Rep. Congo.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Formerly a subspecies of turba but Dippenaar (1980) regarded it a distinct species. Occurs in the Bwindi Impenetrable N.P., SW Uganda (Kasangaki et al., 2003).	Tarella Shrew
13700227	Crocidura tarfayensis	Vesmanis and Vesmanis 1980	SPECIES			tarfayensis		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Zool. Abh. Mus. Tierk. Dresden vol.36 p.47		agadiri  Vesmanis and Vesmanis, 1980; gouliminensis Vesmanis and Vesmanis, 1980; tiznitensis Vesmanis and Vesmanis, 1980.	Atlantic coast of Sahara; south of Agadir (Morocco) through Western Sahara into Mauritania.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Recorded as whitakeri from Western Sahara by Heim de Balsac (1968e). Reviewed by Hutterer (1987).	Saharan Shrew
13700228	Crocidura telfordi	Hutterer 1986	SPECIES			telfordi		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Bonn. Zool. Beitr. vol.37 p.28			Uluguru and Udzungwa Mtns, in montane forest.	IUCN  Critically Endangered CR B1+2c.	Part of the endemic fauna of the Eastern Arc Mountains in Tanzania. Stanley et al. (2000b) reported this species also from the Udzungwa Mtns.	Telford's Shrew
13700229	Crocidura tenuis	Müller 1840	SPECIES			tenuis		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	In Temminck, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Nederland Overz. Bezitt., Zool., Zoogd. Indisch. Archipel p.26, 50		macklotii  Jentink, 1888.	Timor (Indonesia).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Jenkins (1982:273) considered conspecificy of tenuis with fuliginosa but stated that present evidence is not sufficient. Hutterer (1993a) and Ruedi (1995) retained it as a separate species. In case of conspecificy with fuliginosa, tenuis would be the earliest name for the group.	Timor Shrew
13700313	Myosorex geata	Allen and Loveridge 1927	SPECIES			geata		Myosorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. vol.38 p.417			Uluguru Mtns in Tanzania; other localities questionable.	IUCN  Endangered.	Formerly in Crocidura; see Heim de Balsac (1967:610).	Geata Mouse Shrew
13700230	Crocidura thalia	Dippenaar 1980	SPECIES			thalia		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Transvaal Mus. vol.32 p.138-147			Forest and moorland of the Ethiopian highlands on both sides of the Rift Valley (Yalden et al., 1997).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Previous to its description, thalia was known as C. luna macmillani (e.g., Hutterer, 1981c) or C. fumosa; see Yalden (1988), who studied the altitudinal distribution. Chromosomally (2n = 36) and genetically close to C. glassi (Bannikova et al., 2001b; Lavrenchenko et al., 1997).	Thalia's Shrew
13700231	Crocidura theresae	Heim de Balsac 1968	SPECIES			theresae		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Mammalia vol.32 p.398			Guinea savanna from Ghana to Guinea.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	May be a subspecies of foxi, but theresae from Côte dIvoire are distinctly smaller and grayer. Karyotype has 2n = 50, FN = 82-84 (Meylan, 1971).	Therese's Shrew
13700232	Crocidura thomensis	Bocage 1887	SPECIES			thomensis		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	J. Sci. Math. Phys. Nat., Lisboa vol.11 p.212			Endemic to São Tomé.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	For description of the species and designation of a neotype, see Heim de Balsac and Hutterer (1982). Distribution, ecology, and status reviewed by Dutton and Haft (1996).	São Tomé Shrew
13700258	Paracrocidura maxima	Heim de Balsac 1959	SPECIES			maxima		Paracrocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. vol.59 p.26			Dem. Rep. Congo, Rwanda, Uganda.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Regarded as a full species by Hutterer (1986c:79). Kasangaki et al. (2003) recorded the species from the Bwindi Impenetrable N.P. in SW Uganda.	Greater Large-headed Shrew
13700233	Crocidura trichura	Dobson in Thomas 1888 "1889"	SPECIES			trichura		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1888 p.532			Christmas Isl.	IUCN  not listed, but should be Endangered [EN B1+2c].	Included in C. attenuata until recently. Ruedi (1995) studied 11 specimens and concluded that they were different from C. attenuata, a conclusion with which I concur. Surveys conducted on Christmas Isl to determine the status of the shrew (Meek, 2000) were not successful; the most recent specimens were found in 1985. C. trichura was common in 1900 (Andrews, 1900) but already rare in 1909 (Andrews, 1909). It is most likely that C. trichura formed part of the endemic mammal fauna of the Christmas Isl, along with Rattus nativitatis and R. macleari, both of which are now extinct (Meek, 2000).	Christmas Island Shrew
13700234	Crocidura turba	Dollman 1910	SPECIES			turba		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.5 p.176		angolae  Dollman, 1915.	Angola, Zambia, Dem. Rep. Congo, Malawi, Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Cameroon.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes angolae; see Heim de Balsac and Meester (1977:24-25). Range not exactly known, due to confusion with zaodon (= nigrofusca).	Turbo Shrew
13700235	Crocidura ultima	Dollman 1915	SPECIES			ultima		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.15 p.517			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Dippenaar (1980:126), following Allen (1939:46), recognized ultima as a full species within the littoralis monax group.	Ultimate Shrew
13700236	Crocidura usambarae	Dippenaar 1980	SPECIES			usambarae		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Transvaal Mus. vol.32 p.128			Western and Eastern Usambara Mtns and South Pare Mountains, NE Tanzania. perhaps also Ngozi Crater, SW Tanzania (Stanley et al., 1996, 2000b).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Dippenaar (1980:126) included the species into the monax group. A skin recorded by this author from the Poroto Mtns (S Tanzania) may belong to a different species.	Usambara Shrew
13700502	Sorex gaspensis	Anthony and Goodwin 1924	SPECIES			gaspensis	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.109 p.1			Gaspe Peninsula, N New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Cape Breton Isl (Canada).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Otisorex. For comparison with dispar, see Kirkland and Van Deusen (1979). Reviewed by Kirkland (1981, Mammalian Species No. 155).	Gaspé Shrew
13700237	Crocidura viaria	I. Geoffroy 1834	SPECIES			viaria		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	In Zool. Voy. de Belanger Indes-Orient. p.127		bolivari  Morales Agacino, 1934; hindei Thomas, 1904; suahelae Heller, 1912; tamrinensis Vesmanis and Vesmanis, 1980.	Sahelien and Sudan savanna from S Morocco to Senegal and east to Sudan, Ethiopia and Kenya; perhaps further south.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Revised by Hutterer (1984); Possibly includes suahelae, which may alternatively belong to zaphiri. A member of the flavescens species group (Maddalena, 1990), as shown by the karyotype (2n = 50, FN = 66; Maddalena and Ruedi, 1994). Isolated Maroccan population reviewed by Vogel et al. (2000).	Savanna Path Shrew
13700238	Crocidura virgata	Sanderson 1940	SPECIES			virgata		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Trans. zool. Soc. Lond. vol.24 p.682		vulcani  Heim de Balsac, 1956.	Nigeria (Meylan and Vogel, 1982) and highlands of W Cameroon.		Previously included in hildegardeae (see Heim de Balsac and Meester, 1977), but has a different karyotype (2n = 52, FN = 86; Schlitter et al., 1999).	Mamfe Shrew
13700239	Crocidura voi	Osgood 1910	SPECIES			voi		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser. vol.10 p.18		aridula  Thomas and Hinton, 1923; butleri Thomas, 1911; percivali Dollman, 1915 [see Hutterer, 1986a].	Sudan savanna from Kenya and Somalia to Ethiopia and Sudan; single records from Nigeria and Mali.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Included in subgenus Afrosorex by Hutterer (1986a). New material from Kenya suggest a strong relation, if not conspecificy, with C. fischeri (Oguge and Hutterer, in prep.). For synonyms see Hutterer (1986a).	Voi Shrew
13700240	Crocidura vorax	G. Allen 1923	SPECIES			vorax		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Amer. Mus. Novit. vol.100 p.8			India, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam to S and C China.		Revised by Jiang and Hoffmann (2001). Recorded (as pullata vorax) from Laos and NE Thailand by Smith et al. (1998, 2000).	Voracious Shrew
13700242	Crocidura watasei	Kuroda 1924	SPECIES			watasei		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	[New Mammals from the Ryukyu Islands] p.1			C Ryukyu Isls.		Endemic to the C Ryukyus (Motokawa et al., 1996). Formerly a subspecies of horsfieldii (e.g., Jameson and Jones, 1977), but differs in size and karyotype (2n = 26, FN = 52; Hattori et al., 1990).	Lesser Ryukyu Shrew
13700243	Crocidura whitakeri	de Winton 1897 "1898"	SPECIES			whitakeri		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1897 p.954		essaouiranensis  Vesmanis and Vesmanis, 1980; matruhensis Setzer, 1960; mesatanensis Vesmanis and Vesmanis, 1980; zaianensis Vesmanis and Vesmanis, 1980 [see Hutterer, 1987, 1991].	Atlantic and Mediterranean parts of Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia; one record from coastal Egypt (Hutterer, 1994). Range in Morocco mapped by Aulagnier and Thévenot (1987); in Algeria by Rzebik-Kowalska (1988); and in Tunisia by Sara and Zanca (1992).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	For synonyms see Hutterer (1987, 1991).	Whitakers Shrew
13700268	Suncus ater	Medway 1965	SPECIES			ater		Suncus	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	J. Malay. Branch R. Asiat. Soc. vol.36 p.38			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Reviewed by Medway (1977:16-17).	Black Shrew
13700244	Crocidura wimmeri	Heim de Balsac and Aellen 1958	SPECIES			wimmeri		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Rev. Suisse Zool. vol.65 p.952			S Côte dIvoire.	IUCN  Endangered.	Has been assigned to nimbae; but see Hutterer (1983a). Records outside Côte dIvoire are based on misidentifcations; specimen recorded from Cameroon and Gabon refer to batesi; see Brosset (1988). Karyotype has 2n = 50, FN = 84 (Meylan and Vogel, 1982).	Wimmer's Shrew
13700430	Nectogale	Milne-Edwards 1870	GENUS					Nectogale	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris vol.70 p.341	Nectogale elegans Milne-Edwards, 1870.				For placement in Soricinae see Vogel and Besancon (1979); formerly in tribe Neomyini; see Repenning (1967:45). Gureev (1971:226) placed Nectogale in a subtribe Nectogalina, but all authors prior to McKenna and Bell (1997) overlooked the fact that Nectogalini Anderson, 1879 was available.	
13700245	Crocidura wuchihensis	Wang 1966	SPECIES			wuchihensis		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Acta Zootax. Sin. p.261			China (Hainan) and Vietnam; limits unknown.		Until recently included in C. horsfieldii (see Jiang and Hoffmann, 2001). However, very small specimens recently collected in Vietnam (Feiler and Ziegler, 1999; Kuznetsov, unpubl.) suggest that further species of Crocidura occur in Indochina. Lunde et al. (2003b) identified one taxon as C. wuchihensis, while a smaller specimen reported by Feiler and Ziegler (1999) may represent another (new) species.	Hainan Island Shrew
13700246	Crocidura xantippe	Osgood 1910	SPECIES			xantippe		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser. vol.10 p.19		xanthippe  Dollman, 1915.	Nyiru, Voi, Tsavo (SE Kenya); Usambara Mtns (Tanzania).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Status uncertain; probably related to hirta. Not to be confused with Crocidura xanthippe Bate, 1937 (replaced by C. samaritana Bate, 1937), a Pleistocene shrew from Palestine.	Xanthippe's Shrew
13700247	Crocidura yankariensis	Hutterer and Jenkins 1980	SPECIES			yankariensis		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Zool. vol.39 p.305			Sudan savanna zone in Cameroon, Nigeria, Sudan, Ethiopia, Kenya, and Somalia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Previously confused with somalica; see Hutterer and Jenkins (1983). Karyotype (2n = 68, FN = 122) described by Schlitter et al. (1999).	Yankari Shrew
13700248	Crocidura zaphiri	Dollman 1915	SPECIES			zaphiri		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.15 p.509		simiolus  Hollister, 1916.	Kaffa Prov. (S Ethiopia); Kaimosi, Kisumu (Kenya).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes simiolus; see Osgood (1936:224). May also include mutesae and suahelae (here questionably listed in viaria), in which case it would be a widely distributed species; see Hutterer and Yalden (1990:70).	Zaphir's Shrew
13700249	Crocidura zarudnyi	Ognev 1928	SPECIES			zarudnyi		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	[Mammals of Eastern Europe and Northern Asia] vol.1 p.341		streetorum Hassinger, 1970; tatianae Ognev, 1922 [not tatiana Dollman, 1915].	SE Iran, SE Afghanistan, SW Pakistan (Spitzenberger, 1971a).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	The species was first named tatianae by Ognev (1922), but later (1928) replaced by zarudnyi; Ognev argued that tatianae was preoccupied by tatiana Dollman, 1915 (now a synonym of the African olivieri), an action covered by the 4<sup>th</sup> edition of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (Art. 58, International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1999). The definition of zarudnyi follows Spitzenberger (1971a) and Hassinger (1970), but not Jenkins (1976) who included arispa which is now regarded as a separate species; see that account. As Spitzenberger (1971a) pointed out, zarudnyi has a shorter rostrum and a heavier mandible than both pergrisea and serezkyensis. The status of streetorum is not clear although it is included here as suggested by Hassinger (1970). The distribution and morphology of pergrisea, serezkyensis, and zarudnyi should be carefully studie... [truncated]	Zarudny's Rock Shrew
13700250	Crocidura zimmeri	Osgood 1936	SPECIES			zimmeri		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser. vol.20 p.223			Environs of Upemba National Park, Dem. Rep. Congo.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	A large and striking species that is known only by the type series.	Upemba Shrew
13700251	Crocidura zimmermanni	Wettstein 1953	SPECIES			zimmermanni		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Z. SSugetierk. vol.17 p.12			Highlands of the island of Crete.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	A Pleistocene relict (Reumer, 1986). Formerly regarded as a subspecies of russula but differs in morphology and karyotype (2n = 34, FN = 44); see Vesmanis and Kahmann (1978), Vogel (1986), Vogel et al. (1986), and Pieper (1990).	Cretan Shrew
13700252	Diplomesodon	Brandt 1852	GENUS					Diplomesodon	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Beitr. Kenntn. Russ. Reiches vol.17 p.299	Sorex pulchellus Lichtenstein, 1823.				For placement in Crocidurinae see Repenning (1967:15). A study of protein evolution (Maddalena, in Ruedi, 1998) showed that Diplomesodon is closely related to Crocidura. Repenning (1965) named a species from the Pleistocene of South Africa in this genus which, however, does not belong here (Butler, 1998).	
13700253	Diplomesodon pulchellum	Lichtenstein 1823	SPECIES			pulchellum		Diplomesodon	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	In Eversmann, Reise von Orenburg nach Bokhara, Berlin p.124		pallidus  Heptner, 1938.	W and S Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Biology and distribution reviewed by Heptner (1939), who also specified the type locality. Karyotype of specimen from Turkmenistan (2n = 44, FN = 54) described by Ivanitskaya (1975).	Piebald Shrew
13700328	Soricinae	G. Fischer 1814	SUBFAMILY						Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Zoognosia tabulis synopticis illustrate vol.3 p.x		Sorexineae Lesson, 1842; Soricinorum G. Fischer, 1814.			The contents of Soricinae have been principally defined by Repenning (1967) and modified by Reumer (1984, 1998). All extant Nearctic shrews belong in this subfamily.	
13700255	Feroculus feroculus	Kelaart 1850	SPECIES			feroculus		Feroculus	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	J. Ceylon Branch Asiat. Soc. vol.2 5 p.211		macropus  (Blyth, 1851); newera (Wagner, 1855); newera-ellia (Kelaart, 1851).	Primary swamps and forests in the C highlands of Sri Lanka, and montane swamps and marshes between 2200 and 2400 m at the border between Kerala and Tamil Nadu, S India.	IUCN  Endangered.	A rare and little-known species; available information summarized by Phillips (1980). Indian records confirmed by Pradhan et al. (1997). Their specimens showed smaller bodies and longer tails compared to specimens from Sri Lanka. Blanford (1888) also noted the presence of this shrew in the Palni Hills, S India.	Kelaart's Long-clawed Shrew
13700256	Paracrocidura	Heim de Balsac 1956	GENUS					Paracrocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. vol.54 p.137	Paracrocidura schoutedeni Heim de Balsac, 1956.				Revised by Hutterer (1986c). A study of 16s rRNA sequences placed Paracrocidura in one clade with Crocidura (Querouil et al., 2001). However, unique external and cranial features distinguish the species of Paracrocidura from all other genera.	
13700259	Paracrocidura schoutedeni	Heim de Balsac 1956	SPECIES			schoutedeni		Paracrocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. vol.54 p.137		camerunensis  Heim de Balsac, 1968.	Lowland primary forest in S Cameroon, Gabon, Republic of Congo, Dem. Rep. Congo, and Central African Republic.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	A subspecies camerunensis was named by Heim de Balsac (1968b), based on a specimen from Mt. Cameroon.	Lesser Large-headed Shrew
13700260	Ruwenzorisorex	Hutterer 1986	GENUS					Ruwenzorisorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Z. SSugetierk. vol.51 p.260	Sylvisorex suncoides Osgood, 1936.				Data on the brain structure support generic separation; see Stephan et al. (1991). Genetic data show that Ruwenzorisorex and Suncus s. str. are sister taxa (Querouil et al., 2001).	
13700261	Ruwenzorisorex suncoides	Osgood 1936	SPECIES			suncoides		Ruwenzorisorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser. vol.20 p.217			Montane forest in W Dem. Rep. Congo, Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	A semi-aquatic shrew that occurs also in Burundi (Kerbis, pers. comm.) and Uganda (Kasangaki et al., 2003).	Ruwenzori Shrew
13700262	Scutisorex	Thomas 1913	GENUS					Scutisorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.11 p.321	Sylvisorex somereni Thomas, 1910.				For placement in Crocidurinae see Repenning (1967:15). Genetic data place Scutisorex next to Sylvisorex (Querouil et al., 2001). The unique vertebrate column (Ahmed and Klima, 1978) and a characteristic skull roof distinguish the genus, however.	
13700263	Scutisorex somereni	Thomas 1910	SPECIES			somereni		Scutisorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.6 p.113		congicus  Thomas, 1915.	Tropical rainforest of the Dem. Rep. Congo Basin and adjacent mountains in Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes congicus; see Heim de Balsac and Meester (1977:7).	Armored Shrew
13700264	Solisorex	Thomas 1924	GENUS					Solisorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Spolia Zeylan. vol.13 p.94	Solisorex pearsoni Thomas, 1924.				For placement in Crocidurinae see Repenning (1967:15).	
13700265	Solisorex pearsoni	Thomas 1924	SPECIES			pearsoni		Solisorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Spolia Zeylan. vol.13 p.94			C highlands of Sri Lanka.	IUCN  Endangered.	A very little known species that inhabits "virgin forest" in the mountains of C Sri Lanka (Phillips, 1980).	Pearson's Long-clawed Shrew
13700275	Suncus madagascariensis	Coquerel 1848	SPECIES			madagascariensis		Suncus	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. (Paris), ser. 3 vol.9 p.194, pl. 11, fig. 1		coquerelii  (Trouessart, 1880).	Madagascar and Comores Isls, Socotra (Yemen).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	This species is often included in etruscus but treated as a full species in most reports on the fauna of Madagascar (e.g., Eisenberg and Gould, 1984). The population of Socotra has been included in S. etruscus by Hutterer and Harrison (1988), but unpublished genetic data show that it is closer to S. madagascariensis.	Madagascan Pgymy Shrew
13700266	Suncus	Ehrenberg 1832	GENUS					Suncus	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	In Hemprich and Ehrenberg, Symb. Phys. Mamm. vol.2 p.k	Suncus sacer Ehrenberg, 1832 (= Sorex murinus Linnaeus, 1766).	Pachyura  de Selys-Longchamps, 1839 [not Pachyurus Agassiz, 1829, a genus of fishes]; Paradoxodon Wagner, 1855; Plerodus Schulze, 1897; Podihik Deraniyagala, 1958; Sunkus Sundevall, 1843.			For placement in Crocidurinae see Repenning (1967:15). Occasionally regarded as part of Crocidura (e.g., Lekagul and McNeely, 1977:35), based on morphology (McLellan, 1994), molecular data (Motokawa et al., 2000), or chromosome homology (Biltueva et al., 2001), but accepted as a full genus by most authors. Fons et al. (1994) stated that the fauna of parasitic helmiths is completely different between Suncus and Crocidura (but the fauna of S. murinus and S. etruscus were also different). Querouil et al. (2001) compared 16s rRNA sequences of six African and Asian species of Suncus. Their results suggest paraphyly; Suncus dayi clustered next to Sylvisorex megalura (transfered here to Suncus) and the smaller species (S. etruscus, S. infinitesimus, S. remyi), while S. murinus and S. montanus formed a separate cluster, along with R... [truncated]	
13700267	Suncus aequatorius	Heller 1912	SPECIES			aequatorius		Suncus	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Smithsonian Misc. Coll. vol.60 12 p.4			SE Kenya and N Tanzania.		Included in S. lixus by Heim de Balsac and Meester (1977), but specimens of aequatorius are considerably larger (Oguge et al., 2004).	Taita Shrew
13700329	Anourosoricini	Anderson 1879	TRIBE						Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Anatom. and zool. Res. vol.1 p.159		Amblycoptini Kormos, 1926.			McKenna and Bell (1997) included this tribe in Nectogalini, but see Reumer (1998).	
13700269	Suncus dayi	Dobson 1888	SPECIES			dayi		Suncus	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.1 p.428			Montane evergreen forest of S India (Trichur and Nilgiri Hills).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	New records provided and relationships discussed by Jenkins et al. (1998). Based on the analysis of RNA sequences, S. dayi is sister of the African S. megalura (Querouil et al., 2001).	Day's Shrew
13700279	Suncus montanus	Kelaart 1850	SPECIES			montanus		Suncus	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	J. Ceylon Br. Asiat. Soc. vol.2 p.211		ferrugineus  Kelaart, 1850; kelaarti Blyth, 1855; niger Horsfield, 1851.	Forested highlands in Sri Lanka and S India.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Commonly included in murinus (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1966:66), but represents a much smaller and always blackish species of primary forest habitats. Also genetically distinct from murinus (Ruedi et al., 1996). Listed as a species by Corbet and Hill (1991:36). The Indian population is recognized as a valid subspecies (niger).	Asian Highland Shrew
13700270	Suncus etruscus	Savi 1822	SPECIES			etruscus		Suncus	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Nuovo Giorn. de Letterati, Pisa vol.1 p.60		assamensis  (Anderson, 1873); atratus (Blyth, 1855); bactrianus Stroganov, 1958; hodgsoni (Blyth, 1855); kura (Deraniyagala, 1958); macrotis (Anderson, 1877); melanodon (Blyth, 1855) [not Wagler, 1832]; micronyx (Blyth, 1855); nanula (Stroganov, 1941); nilgirica (Anderson, 1877); nitidofulva (Anderson, 1877); nudipes (Blyth, 1855); pachyurus (Küster, 1835); perrotteti (Duvernoy, 1842); pygmaeoides (Anderson, 1877); pygmaeus (Hodgson, 1845); suaveolens (Blasius, 1857) [not Pallas, 1811]; travancorensis (Anderson, 1877).	S Europe and N Africa (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Egypt); Arabian Peninsula and Asia Minor to Iraq, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Burma, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam and Yunnan (China); also India and Sri Lanka. West and East African records (Guinea, Nigeria, Ethiopia) are doubtful and need confirmation.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	European and Asian range reviewed by Spitzenberger (1970, 1990c); N African distribution mapped by Vesmanis (1987). Heim de Balsac and Meester (1977) discussed the African records south of the Sahara. Probably includes Podihik kura; see Nowak and Paradiso (1983:141). The records east of Afghanistan, particularly from S India (macrotis, nilgirica) are only tentatively included; Corbet (1978c:31) expressed doubt on the conspecificy of the Indian forms. The same applies to records from further east (Feiler and Nadler, 1997). Many authors included fellowesgordoni, hosei, madagascariensis, and malayanus in etruscus, however, in the present list they are all treated as valid species.	Etruscan Shrew
13700271	Suncus fellowesgordoni	Phillips 1932	SPECIES			fellowesgordoni		Suncus	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Spolia Zeylan. vol.17 p.124			C highlands of Sri Lanka.	IUCN  Endangered.	Although usually included in S. etruscus, this taxon represents a species endemic to Sri Lanka (see also Jenkins et al., 1998). Podihik kura Deraniyagala, 1958, which was included in this species by Phillips (1980), does not represent fellowesgordoni, but is more similar to etruscus and included therein.	Sri Lankan Shrew
13700272	Suncus hosei	Thomas 1893	SPECIES			hosei		Suncus	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.11 p.343			Lowland forest of Borneo and Sarawak.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Often included in etruscus (e.g., Medway, 1977) but represents a distinct forest species.	Bornean Pgymy Shrew
13700273	Suncus infinitesimus	Heller 1912	SPECIES			infinitesimus		Suncus	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Smithson. Misc. Coll. vol.60 12 p.5		chriseos  (Kershaw, 1921); ubanguiensis Petter and Chippaux, 1962.	South Africa, Kenya, Central African Republic, Cameroon.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes chriseos and ubanguiensis; see Heim de Balsac and Meester (1977). Gureev (1979:383) listed chriseos as a distinct species without comment.	Least Dwarf Shrew
13700274	Suncus lixus	Thomas 1897 "1898"	SPECIES			lixus		Suncus	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1897 p.930		gratulus  (Thomas and Schwann, 1907).	Savanna zones of Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Dem. Rep. Congo, Zambia, Angola, Botswana, and South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal, Northwest Prov., Mpumalanga, and Limpopo).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Heim de Balsac and Meester (1977) included aequatorius and gratulus in lixus; the former is treated as a separate species here. Gureev (1979:383) listed gratulus as a distinct species without comment.	Greater Dwarf Shrew
13700301	Sylvisorex oriundus	Hollister 1916	SPECIES			oriundus		Sylvisorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.35 p.672			NE Dem. Rep. Congo.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Often included in ollula but regarded as distinct by Dieterlen and Heim de Balsac (1979), a view supported by personal examination of the holotype.	Lesser Forest Shrew
13700276	Suncus malayanus	Kloss 1917	SPECIES			malayanus		Suncus	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	J. Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam vol.2 p.282			Malaysian peninsula.	IUCN  Data Deficient.	Commonly included in etruscus but inhabits tropical forest and does not fit morphologically with the diagnosis of that species; malayanus was therefore regarded as a species by Corbet and Hill (1991:36), and Hutterer (1993a).	Malayan Pgymy Shrew
13700289	Sylvisorex granti	Thomas 1907	SPECIES			granti		Sylvisorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.19 p.118		mundus  Osgood, 1910.	Mountain forests of C (Dem. Rep. Congo, Uganda, Rwanda) and E Africa (Kenya, Tanzania).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	The isolated East African populations require a careful comparison with typical granti from the Rift Valley.	Grant's Forest Shrew
13700290	Sylvisorex granti subsp. granti	Thomas 1907	SUBSPECIES		granti	granti		Sylvisorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.19 p.118						
13700277	Suncus megalura	Jentink 1888	SPECIES			megalura		Suncus	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Notes Leyden Mus. vol.10 p.48		angolensis (Roberts, 1929); gemmeus (Heller, 1910); infuscus (Thomas, 1915); irene (Thomas, 1915); phaeopus (Osgood, 1936); sheppardi (Kershaw, 1921); sorella (Thomas, 1898); sorelloides (Lönnberg, 1912) [see Heim de Balsac and Meester, 1977:7-8].	Tropical forest and Guinea savanna zone of Africa from Upper Guinea to Ethiopia and south to Mozambique and Zimbabwe.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as Sylvisorex megalura.	Until recently placed in genus Sylvisorex, but genetic data (Querouil et al., 2001) show that S. megalura is the sister species of the Indian S. dayi. Karyotype (2n = 48, FN = 96) described by Meylan (1975). A common African species of forest edges and forested savannas; range mapped by Hutterer et al. (1987b). Gureev (1979:381) listed sorella as a distinct species without comment. Some geographic variation exists, the Central African forest populations being smallest and darkest. For synonyms see Heim de Balsac and Meester (1977:7-8).	Climbing Shrew
13700278	Suncus mertensi	Kock 1974	SPECIES			mertensi		Suncus	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Senckenbergiana Biol. vol.55 p.198			Flores Isl, Indonesia.	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	A distinct, long-tailed forest shrew, similar to S. dayi and S. megalura.	Flores Shrew
13700280	Suncus montanus subsp. montanus	Kelaart 1850	SUBSPECIES		montanus	montanus		Suncus	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	J. Ceylon Br. Asiat. Soc. vol.2 p.211						
13700443	Notiosoricini	Reumer 1984	TRIBE						Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Scripta Geol. vol.73 p.18					Includes also the fossil genera Hesperosorex Hibbard, 1957, and Beckiasorex Dalquest, 1972. Diagnosis specified by Reumer (1989).	
13700282	Suncus murinus	Linnaeus 1766	SPECIES			murinus		Suncus	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Syst. Nat., 12th ed. vol.1 p.74		################	Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, Burma, China, Taiwan, Japan, continental and peninsular Indomalayan Region; introduced into Guam, the Maldive Isls, Philippines, and probably many other islands; introduced in historical times into coastal Africa (Egypt to Tanzania), Madagascar, the Comores, Mauritius, and Réunion, and into coastal Arabia (Iraq, Bahrain, Oman, Yemen, Saudi Arabia).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	A highly variable species with a number of genetically distinct populations that almost behave like semispecies (Hasler et al., 1977; Rogatcheva et al., 2000; Yamagata et al., 1987; Yoshida, 1985). Chromosomes show Robertsonian polymorphism and vary geographically from 2n = 30 to 2n = 40 (Yosida, 1985). Forms with lower numbers are found in S India, Sri Lanka and peninsular Malaya. A number of laboratory strains have been established (Oda et al., 1985). Much of the present distribution is the result of human agency (Hutterer and Tranier, 1990). A clear allocation of all listed taxa to subspecies is not possible at this moment. Kitchener et al. (1994b) discussed subspecies in the Sunda Isls and recognized murinus, muelleri and seramensis as distinct. However, they did not consider names such as edwardsiana from S Philippines that may have priority. African synonyms include albicauda, auriculata, crassicaudus, duvernoyi, l... [truncated]	Asian House Shrew
13700283	Suncus remyi	Brosset, Dubost and Heim de Balsac 1965	SPECIES			remyi		Suncus	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Biologia Gabonica vol.1 p.170			Rain forest in Gabon, Central African Republic, Republic of Congo.	IUCN  Critically Endangered (not justified).	One of the smallest shrews. Genetically related to S. infinitesimus (Querouil et al., 2001).	Remy's Pygmy Shrew
13700284	Suncus stoliczkanus	Anderson 1877	SPECIES			stoliczkanus		Suncus	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.46 p.270		bidianus  (Anderson, 1877); leucogenys (Dobson, 1888); subfulvus (Anderson, 1877).	Deserts and arid country in Pakistan, Nepal, India, and Bangladesh.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).		Anderson's Shrew
13700285	Suncus varilla	Thomas 1895	SPECIES			varilla		Suncus	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.16 p.54		meesteri  Butler and Greenwood, 1979; minor G. M. Allen and Loveridge, 1933; natalensis Roberts, 1946; orangiae (Roberts, 1924); tulbaghensis Roberts, 1946; warreni Roberts, 1929 [see Heim de Balsac and Meester, 1977:6].	Savannahs from the Cape (South Africa) to Zimbabwe, Zambia, Tanzania, E Dem. Rep. Congo, Malawi; an isolated record from Nigeria.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Closely associated with termite mounds (Lynch, 1986). Gureev (1979:383) listed orangiae and warreni as distinct species without comment. Common in the Pleistocene of Kenya and South Africa (Butler and Greenwood, 1979). For synonyms see Heim de Balsac and Meester (1977:6).	Lesser Dwarf Shrew
13700286	Suncus zeylanicus	Phillips 1928	SPECIES			zeylanicus		Suncus	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Spolia Zeylan. vol.14 p.313			Higlands of Sri Lanka.	IUCN  Endangered.	Phillips (1980) stressed that zeylanicus differs distinctly from murinus in the flesh, particularly by its long and almost naked tail, and that it lives in primary forest. However, its relation to montanus has still to be studied.	Jungle Shrew
13700287	Sylvisorex	Thomas 1904	GENUS					Sylvisorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1904 10 p.12	Crocidura morio Gray, 1862.				For placement in Crocidurinae see Repenning (1967:15). The genus was regarded as part of Suncus by Smithers and Tello (1976), but was retained by Ansell (1978). Querouil et al. (2001) studied 16s rRNA sequences of four species and found the genus, as currently understood, polyphyletic. As a consequence, S. megalura is removed from Sylvisorex and included in Suncus. Further taxonomic action will require a careful analysis of all taxa. Heim de Balsac (1968) and Jenkins (1984) figured and discussed most of the species listed below. Maddalena and Ruedi (1994) and Schlitter et al. (1999) described karyotypes of five species.	
13700288	Sylvisorex camerunensis	Heim de Balsac 1968	SPECIES			camerunensis		Sylvisorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Bonn. Zool. Beitr. vol.19 p.35			Montane forests of W Cameroon (Mt. Oku, Lake Manengouba) and SE Nigeria (Gotel Mtns).		Formerly included in granti, but given species rank by Hutterer et al. (1992a).	Cameroonian Forest Shrew
13700292	Sylvisorex howelli	Jenkins 1984	SPECIES			howelli		Sylvisorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist). Zool. vol.47 p.65		usambarensis  Hutterer, 1986.	Eastern Arc Mtns (Tanzania): W and E Usambara, Nguru and Uluguru Mtns (Stanley et al., 2000b).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Includes usambarensis, which may represent a distinct species; see Hutterer (1986b). However, the variation among the five populations has to be studied before taxonomic conclusions can be drawn.	Howell's Forest Shrew
13700293	Sylvisorex howelli subsp. howelli	Jenkins 1984	SUBSPECIES		howelli	howelli		Sylvisorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist). Zool. vol.47 p.65						
13700294	Sylvisorex howelli subsp. usambarensis	Hutterer 1986	SUBSPECIES		usambarensis	howelli		Sylvisorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700295	Sylvisorex isabellae	Heim de Balsac 1968	SPECIES			isabellae		Sylvisorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Bonn. Zool. Beitr. vol.19 p.31			Bioko; a similar form of unsolved taxonomic status occurs in the Bamenda Highlands, Cameroon.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Included in morio by Heim de Balsac and Meester (1977), but represents a distinctly smaller species. Karyotype (2n = 36, FN = 50) of the Bamenda population described by Schlitter et al. (1999).	Bioko Forest Shrew
13700296	Sylvisorex johnstoni	Dobson 1887 "1888"	SPECIES			johnstoni		Sylvisorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1887 p.577		dieterleni  Hutterer, 1986.	Lowland forest of the Dem. Rep. Congo Basin, SW Cameroon, Gabon, Bioko, Republic of Congo, Dem. Rep. Congo, Uganda, NW Tanzania, Burundi.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Species reviewed by Hutterer (1986b); recently found in the Republic of Congo (Dowsett and Granjon, 1991) and Burundi (Kerbis, pers. comm.). A peculiar karyotype (2n = 30, FN = 38; Schlitter et al., 1999) and 16s rRNA sequence data (Querouil et al., 2001) set this species apart from other species of the genus. Querouil et al. (2003) studied the phylogeography of the species across the Congo Basin. They found great genetic distances between populations in S Gabon and W Congo, and suggested that cryptic species may be involved.	Johnston's Forest Shrew
13700297	Sylvisorex konganensis	Ray and Hutterer 1995 "1996"	SPECIES			konganensis		Sylvisorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ecotropica vol.1 p.93			High forest in Central African Republic and Republic of Congo (unpubl.).	A comparison of 16s rRNA sequences showed a closer relationship to S. ollula (Querouil et al., 2001).		Kongana Shrew
13700528	Sorex macrodon	Merriam 1895	SPECIES			macrodon	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	N. Am. Fauna vol.10 p.82			Oaxaca, Puebla, and Veracruz, in mountains from 4000-9500 ft (1219-2896 m). See Heaney and Birney (1977).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Subgenus Otisorex. Similar to, and possibly conspecific with, veraepacis (see Junge and Hoffmann, 1981).	Large-toothed Shrew
10400024	Caluromys philander subsp. dichurus	Wagner 1842	SUBSPECIES		dichurus	philander	Caluromys	Caluromys	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia							
13700298	Sylvisorex lunaris	Thomas 1906	SPECIES			lunaris		Sylvisorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.18 p.139		ruandae  Lönnberg and Gyldenstolpe, 1925.	The high mountain zone of C Africa up to 4,500 m; Ruwenzori (Uganda, Dem. Rep. Congo), Virunga Volcanoes (Rwanda), and on both sides of Lake Kivu (Dem. Rep. Congo, Burundi).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes ruandae but not oriundus; both were listed as distinct species by Gureev (1979:380-381). Karyotype (2n = 58, FN = 80) described by Maddalena and Ruedi (1994).	Moon Forest Shrew
13700299	Sylvisorex morio	Gray 1862	SPECIES			morio		Sylvisorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1862 p.180			Confined to Mt. Cameroon (Cameroon).	IUCN  Endangered.	Does not include isabellae; see under that species. Karyotype (2n = 38) different from that of isabellae (2n = 36), see Schlitter et al. (1999).	Mt. Cameroon Forest Shrew
13700300	Sylvisorex ollula	Thomas 1913	SPECIES			ollula		Sylvisorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.11 p.321			W Cameroon and adjacent Nigeria to S Cameroon, Gabon, Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Republic of Congo, and Dem. Rep. Congo.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	The largest species of the genus; discussed in some detail by Dieterlen and Heim de Balsac (1979). Querouil et al. (2003) studied the phylogeography of the species in the Congo Basin; they found little genetic differentiation between populations from SW Cameroon to W Congo. Karyotype (2n = 38, FN = 64) described by Schlitter et al. (1999). For biolgical and distributional data, see Brosset (1988), Lasso et al. (1996), and Ray and Hutterer (1996).	Greater Forest Shrew
13700302	Sylvisorex pluvialis	Hutterer and Schlitter 1996	SPECIES			pluvialis		Sylvisorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Contributions in Mammalogy: A Memorial Volume Honoring Dr. J. Knox Jones, Jr. p.61			Known only from the type locality and from Kongana, Central African Republic.		Ray and Hutterer (1996) identified this species in carnivore scats collected in forest around Kongana (Central African Republic), the type locality of S. konganensis.	Rain Forest Shrew
13700303	Sylvisorex vulcanorum	Hutterer and Verheyen 1985	SPECIES			vulcanorum		Sylvisorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Z. SSugetierk. vol.50 p.266			High altitude rainforest of E Dem. Rep. Congo, Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc); of conservation concern (Nicoll and Rathbun, 1990:21).	One of the smallest species in the genus; rather similar to S. granti.	Volcano Shrew
12100315	Pitheciidae	Mivart 1865	FAMILY						Pitheciidae	Primates	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1865 p.547						
13700627	Condylurini	Gill 1875	TRIBE						Talpidae	Soricomorpha	Bull. Geol. Geogr. Surv. vol.1 2 p.106						
13700304	Myosoricinae	Kretzoi 1965	SUBFAMILY						Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Vertebrata Hungarica vol.7 p.124		Crocidosoricinae Reumer, 1987; Oligosoricini Gureev, 1971.			Kretzoi (1965) based his tribe Myosoricini on Myosorex, an extant genus known to exhibit a number of ancestral characters (Heim de Balsac, 1966b). Maddalena and Bronner (1992) confirmed its isolated position in a study of allozymes. Jammot (1983) included also fossil taxa and applied the name Myosoricina to an evolutionary lineage. The dental characters that he and Reumer (1987) used to characterise this lineage (which Reumer called Crocidosoricinae) are all present in extant Myosorex, Congosorex, and Surdisorex (Hutterer, 1993a; Hutterer et al., 2002b). It remains to be analyzed whether all the fossil and extant genera are related, or whether they only share a few ancestral characters.	
13700305	Congosorex	Heim de Balsac and Lamotte 1956	GENUS					Congosorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Mammalia vol.20 p.167	Myosorex polli Heim de Balsac and Lamotte, 1956.				Described as a subgenus of Myosorex by Heim de Balsac and Lamotte (1956), but differs in its tooth formula and was therefore treated as a full genus by Heim de Balsac (1967), Hutterer (1993a), and Hutterer et al. (2002b). Genetically, Congosorex is the sister taxon of Myosorex (Querouil et al., 2001). Reviewed by Hutterer et al. (2002b).	
13700306	Congosorex polli	Heim de Balsac and Lamotte 1956	SPECIES			polli		Congosorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Mammalia vol.20 p.155			Known only from type locality in S Dem. Rep. Congo.	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Since the discovery in 1955, this distinct species has not been collected again.	Greater Congo Shrew
13700307	Congosorex verheyeni	Hutterer, Barriere and Colyn 2002	SPECIES			verheyeni		Congosorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Bull. Inst. Roy. Sci. Nat. Belg., Biol. vol.72, Suppl. p.10			Known from three sites in the lowland forest of the Western Congo Basin (Central African Republic, Republic of Congo, and Dem. Rep. Congo).		A 16s rRNA sequence analyzed by Querouil et al. (2001) as Congosorex sp. refers to this species.	Lesser Congo Shrew
13700308	Myosorex	Gray 1837 "1838"	GENUS					Myosorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1837 p.124	Sorex varius Smuts, 1832.				Repenning (1967) grouped Myosorex in the Crocidurinae; Reumer's (1987) Crocidosoricinae would fit as well. Kretzoi (1965) based the tribe Myosoricini on this genus; this name is available and used here for the subfamily. Generic status sometimes questioned; but see Meester (1954). Surdisorex and Congosorex are often included as subgenera but are treated here as full genera, following Thomas (1906b), Hollister (1918), Meester (1953), Heim de Balsac (1966b), Hutterer (1993a) and Hutterer et al. (2002b). Partial reviews of Myosorex were provided by Heim de Balsac (1967, 1968b), Heim de Balsac and Lamotte (1956), Meester and Dippenaar (1978), and Stanley and Hutterer (2000). The formerly recognized Myosorex preussi (Matschie, 1893), described from "Mount Cameroun", is based on mismatched parts of three different genera (Crocidura, Sorex, Sylvisorex), and does not represent a biologic... [truncated]	
13700517	Sorex hoyi subsp. thompsoni	Baird 1858	SUBSPECIES		thompsoni	hoyi	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700309	Myosorex babaulti	Heim de Balsac and Lamotte 1956	SPECIES			babaulti		Myosorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Mammalia vol.20 p.150			Mountains west and east of Lake Kivu, including Idjwi Isl (Dem. Rep. Congo, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Formerly included in blarina; but see Dieterlen and Heim de Balsac (1979). The species does not co-occur with blarina in the Bwindi Impenetrable NP, Uganda, as suggested by Kasangaki et al. (2003) (Kerbis Peterhans, pers. comm., 2004).	Babault's Mouse Shrew
13700310	Myosorex blarina	Thomas 1906	SPECIES			blarina		Myosorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.18 p.139			Montane forest at Mt. Ruwenzori (Uganda, Dem. Rep. Congo).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Does not occur together with babaulti in the Bwindi Impenetrable NP, Uganda, as suggested by Kasangaki et al. (2003).	Montane Mouse Shrew
13700311	Myosorex cafer	Sundevall 1846	SPECIES			cafer		Myosorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ofv. Kongl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Forhandl. Stockholm vol.3 p.119		swinnyi  Chubb, 1908.	South Africa, eastern escarpment from Eastern Cape Prov. north to Limpopo and Mpumalanga Provinces; extreme W Mozambique and E Zimbabwe, in higher elevations above 1,000 m.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Meester (1958) described the geographic variation of the species. Heim de Balsac and Meester (1977) included affinis, sclateri, swinnyi, talpinus, and tenuis in cafer, while Wolhuter (in Smithers, 1983:3) and Dippenaar et al. (1983) regarded sclateri and tenuis as distinct, partly based on new karyotype information (M. cafer: 2n = 38). Although no additonal data have yet been published, this view is provisionally accepted here as it better reflects existing variation within the southern African representatives of the genus.	Dark-footed Mouse Shrew
13700312	Myosorex eisentrauti	Heim de Balsac 1968	SPECIES			eisentrauti		Myosorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Bonn. Zool. Beitr. vol.19 p.20			Montane forest of Bioko (Fernando Po).	IUCN  Endangered.	The forms okuensis and rumpii were included in eisentrauti by Heim de Balsac and Meester (1977); both were regarded as distinct species by Hutterer (1993a).	Eisentraut's Mouse Shrew
13700314	Myosorex kihaulei	Stanley and Hutterer 2000	SPECIES			kihaulei		Myosorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Bonn. Zool. Beitr. vol.49 p.20			Udzungwa Mtns, Tanzania.		Populations of the Rungwe Mtns may belong to this species or represent a different taxon (Stanley and Hutterer, 2000).	Kihaule's Mouse Shrew
13700168	Crocidura olivieri subsp. spurelli	Thomas 1910	SUBSPECIES		spurelli	olivieri		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700570	Sorex palustris subsp. gloveralleni	Jackson 1926	SUBSPECIES		gloveralleni	palustris	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700315	Myosorex longicaudatus	Meester and Dippenaar 1978	SPECIES			longicaudatus		Myosorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Transvaal Mus. vol.31 p.30		boosmani  Dippenaar, 1995.	Endemic to South Africa. Occurs in escarpment forests of SE Western Cape Prov., South Africa, between 2000-3600 m.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Dippenaar (1995) described a distinct population from the Langeberg Mtns whose conservation status he considered as "vulnerable".	Long-tailed Forest Shrew
13700316	Myosorex longicaudatus subsp. longicaudatus	Meester and Dippenaar 1978	SUBSPECIES		longicaudatus	longicaudatus		Myosorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Transvaal Mus. vol.31 p.30						
13700318	Myosorex okuensis	Heim de Balsac 1968	SPECIES			okuensis		Myosorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Bonn. Zool. Beitr. vol.19 p.20			Forested mountains of the Bamenda plateau, Cameroon (Lake Manenguba, Mt. Oku, Mt. Lefo).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Formerly included in eisentrauti (see Heim de Balsac and Meester, 1977), but cranially very distinct.	Oku Mouse Shrew
13700319	Myosorex rumpii	Heim de Balsac 1968	SPECIES			rumpii		Myosorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Bonn. Zool. Beitr. vol.19 p.20			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	The holotype and only known specimen is so unique (Heim de Balsac, 1968b, fig. 4) that it is considered to represent a valid species. Heim de Balsac (1968b) himself was uncertain about the status of this taxon; while he formally named it M. eisentrauti rumpii, he labeled all figures and the map with "Myosorex rumpii".	Rumpi Mouse Shrew
13700320	Myosorex schalleri	Heim de Balsac 1966	SPECIES			schalleri		Myosorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris vol.263 p.889			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Provisionally named by Heim de Balsac (1966b); full description by Heim de Balsac (1967). The type locality was later erroneously shifted to the "Albert N. P." (Heim de Balsac and Meester, 1977); Nzombe is located in the Itombwe Mtns (Hutterer, 1986c).	Schaller's Mouse Shrew
13700321	Myosorex sclateri	Thomas and Schwann 1905	SPECIES			sclateri		Myosorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1905 15 p.10		affinis  Thomas and Schwann, 1905; talpinus Thomas and Schwann, 1905.	Wet habitats in KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Provisionally regarded as a distinct species by Wolhuter (in Smithers, 1983:3); occurs in sympatry with cafer and has a different karyotype (2n = 38). Meester et al. (1986) included sclateri in cafer.	Sclater's Mouse Shrew
13700322	Myosorex tenuis	Thomas and Schwann 1905	SPECIES			tenuis		Myosorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1905 p.131-132			Mpumalanga Prov. (South Africa) and possibly W Mozambique.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Provisionally regarded as a distinct species by Wolhuter (in Smithers, 1983:3) because of sympatry with cafer and a different karyotype (2n = 40). Meester et al. (1986) included tenuis in cafer.	Thin Mouse Shrew
13700323	Myosorex varius	Smuts 1832	SPECIES			varius		Myosorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Enumer. Mamm. Capensium p.108		herpestes  (Duvernoy, 1838); pondoensis Roberts, 1946; transvaalensis Roberts, 1924 [see Heim de Balsac and Meester, 1977].	South Africa, from West and Eastern Cape across Northern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal and Free State to Mpumalanga and Gauteng Provinces; also Lesotho and Swaziland (Baxter, in litt., 2004).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Revised by Meester (1958). Karyotype (2n = 42) differs from all other southern African Myosorex (Wolhuter, in Smithers, 1983). For synonyms see Heim de Balsac and Meester (1977).	Forest Shrew
13700324	Myosorex zinki	Heim de Balsac and Lamotte 1956	SPECIES			zinki		Myosorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Mammalia vol.20 p.148			High altitudes of Mt. Kilimanjaro, Tanzania, 2470-4000 m (Stanley et al., In Press).		In the last edition of this checklist (Hutterer, 1993a) this species was ommitted by mistake. This is a large and distinct species that resembles M. eisentrauti from Bioko (Stanley and Hutterer, 2000). Grimshaw et al. (1997) listed it as endemic to Mt. Kilimanjaro. Shore and Garbett (1991) collected one specimen at 3500 m. Recently it was found to be common on that mountain (W. T. Stanley, pers. comm., 2002).	Kilimanjaro Mouse Shrew
13700325	Surdisorex	Thomas 1906	GENUS					Surdisorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.18 p.223	Surdisorex norae Thomas, 1906.				This genus was commonly included in Myosorex but retained as a full genus by Hollister (1918), Meester (1953), Heim de Balsac (1966b), Hutterer (1993a), and Hutterer et al. (2002b).	
13700326	Surdisorex norae	Thomas 1906	SPECIES			norae		Surdisorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.18 p.223			Aberdare Range (Kenya).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Formerly in Myosorex; see Heim de Balsac and Meester (1977). Ecology and distribution described by Duncan and Wrangham (1971).	Aberdare Mole Shrew
13700450	Notiosorex villai	Carraway and Timm 2000	SPECIES			villai		Notiosorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.113 p.307			C mountains of Tamaulipas, Mexico.		Differs from crawfordi and evotis by subtle cranial features (Carraway and Timm, 2000).	Villa's Gray Shrew
13700327	Surdisorex polulus	Hollister 1916	SPECIES			polulus		Surdisorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Smithson. Misc. Coll. vol.66 1 p.1			Mt. Kenya (Kenya).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Included in genus Myosorex and regarded as a subspecies of norae by Heim de Balsac and Meester (1977); however, both species form a quite distinct clade (Hutterer et al., 2002b). For ecology and distribution see Duncan and Wrangham (1971).	Mt. Kenya Mole Shrew
13700330	Anourosorex	Milne-Edwards 1872	GENUS					Anourosorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Rech. Hist. Nat. Mamm. p.264	Anourosorex squamipes Milne-Edwards, 1872.	Anaurosorex  Günther, 1871; Anurosorex Anderson, 1875; Pygmura Anderson, 1873.			Sole living representative of Tribe Anourosoricini (see Reumer, 1998). Reumer (1984:17) placed the genus in the tribe Amblycoptini Kormos, 1926, but this was antedated by Anourosoricini Anderson, 1879. Geographic variation of extant species studied by Motokawa and Lin (2002) and Motokawa et al. (2004). The fossil history of the genus was reviewed by Zheng (1985) and Storch and Qiu (1991).	
13700361	Blarina peninsulae	Merriam 1895	SPECIES			peninsulae		Blarina	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	N. Amer. Fauna vol.10 p.14			Peninsular Florida (USA).		Formerly listed under brevicauda or carolinensis. The population of short-tailed shrews in S Florida has a distinct karyotype (2n = 50-52) and a distinct morphology (Genoways and Choate, 1998; George et al., 1982). In addition, the presence of a contact zone with carolinensis (2n = 36-46) suggests that peninsulae represents a valid species (Genoways and Benedict, in Wilson and Ruff, 1999).	Everglades Short-tailed Shrew
13700331	Anourosorex assamensis	Anderson 1875	SPECIES			assamensis		Anourosorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4 vol.16 p.282			NE India (Assam, Meghalaya, Manipur, Nagaland).		Blanford (1888) and Allen (1938) considered A. assamensis as a species distinct from A. squamipes. Mandal and Das (1969) reported on a series of mole shrews from Assam and noted their larger size in comparison to the Chinese population, an observation corroborated by my study of specimens in the FMNH. These differences were neatly shown in a principal component analysis performed by Motokawa and Lin (2002). Records from Meghalaya and Nagaland are based on specimens in the FMNH. It is not known whether the ranges of A. assamensis and A. squamipes overlap in S Assam or Manipur, but the occurrence of the latter in Mizoram (Mandal et al., 1995) may indicate the presence of a contact zone.	Assam Mole Shrew
13700332	Anourosorex schmidi	Petter 1963	SPECIES			schmidi		Anourosorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Mammalia vol.27 p.444			NE India (Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh) and Bhutan.		Petter (1963) described this taxon as a subspecies of A. squamipes, a decision followed by most authors (Hutterer, 1993a; Mandal and Das, 1969; Motokawa and Lin, 2002). A study of the holotype (MNHN Paris) and the discovery (in FMNH Chicago) of another specimen from Sikkim however reveals that A. schmidi is a giant form that deserves species status. Saha (1978) reported a similarly sized specimen from Gomchu, Bhutan. This mole shrew has a very large skull (condylo-incisive length 29.1-30.5 mm) and a bulbous dentition not found in any other population. The species appears to be confined to the SE slopes of the Himalayas.	Giant Mole Shrew
10400001	Didelphimorphia	Gill 1872	ORDER							Didelphimorphia			Didelphidia (sensu  Hershkovitz, 1992a)			Traditionally included in Marsupialia; included in Ameridelphia (see Aplin and Archer, 1987; Marshall et al., 1990; and Szalay, 1982); but not Microbiotheriidae (Marshall et al., 1990; contra Reig et al., 1987).	
13700333	Anourosorex squamipes	Milne-Edwards 1872	SPECIES			squamipes		Anourosorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Rech. Hist. Nat. Mamm. p.264		capito  G. Allen, 1923; capnias G. Allen, 1923.	Shaanxi, Hubei, Sichuan and Yunnan (China); N and W Burma; E India (Mizoram); North Vietnam; Thailand.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Formerly also included assamensis, schmidi, and yamashinai as subspecies (see Petter, 1963b; Jameson and Jones, 1977; Motokawa and Lin, 2002), but these three are given species rank here. The Indian records are based on measurements of specimens from Mizoram provided by Mandal et al. (1995).	Chinese Mole Shrew
13700334	Anourosorex yamashinai	Kuroda 1935	SPECIES			yamashinai		Anourosorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	J. Mammal. vol.16 p.288			C highlands of Taiwan from 1500-2500 m.		Described as a subspecies of A. squamipes and kept as such until recently; see Petter (1963b), Jameson and Jones (1977), Hutterer (1993a), and Motokawa and Lin (2002). However, this island population differs from the Chinese mainland forms by a smaller body, shorter tail, and a distinct karyotype (Harada and Takada, 1985), and represents a species endemic to Taiwan (Motokawa et al., 2004). The ecology, distribution, and sub-population structure of A. yamashinai was studied by Alexander et al. (1987), Yu (1993, 1994) and Yu et al. (2001), making it the best-studied species of the genus.	Taiwanese Mole Shrew
13700335	Blarinellini	Reumer 1998	TRIBE						Soricidae	Soricomorpha	In Wójcik, J. M., and M. Wolsan, Evolution of shrews p.19						
13700336	Blarinella	Thomas 1911	GENUS					Blarinella	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1911 p.166	Sorex quadraticauda Milne-Edwards, 1872.				Formerly in Soricini; see Repenning (1967:61). The genus is known from the Late Miocene of China (Storch and Qiu, 1991); supposed records from the Pleistocene of Europe (Reumer, 1984, Rzebik-Kowalska, 1989) refer to Alloblarinella Storch, 1995; see Storch (1995a) and Reumer (1998). Extant taxa revised by Jiang et al. (2003).	
13700337	Blarinella griselda	Thomas 1912	SPECIES			griselda		Blarinella	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. ???[need] vol.10 p.400			China (Gansu, Yunnan and Hubei), and N Vietnam.		Since Allen (1938), included in quadraticauda, but given species status by Jiang et al. (2003). Occurs also in N Vietnam (Lunde et al., 2003b).	Indochinese Short-tailed Shrew
13700338	Blarinella quadraticauda	Milne-Edwards 1872	SPECIES			quadraticauda		Blarinella	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Rech. Hist. Nat. Mamm. p.261			Montane taiga forest of W Sichuan (China).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Species range and status revised by Jiang et al. (2003).	Asiatic Short-tailed Shrew
13700451	Soricini	G. Fischer 1814	TRIBE						Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Zoognosia tabulis synopticis illustrata vol.3 p.x						
13700339	Blarinella wardi	Thomas 1915	SPECIES			wardi		Blarinella	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.15 p.336			N Burma and NW Yunnan (China).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt).	Included in quadraticauda by Allen (1938), Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) and subsequent authors, but the species has a much smaller and narrower skull (see measurements in Hoffmann, 1987:134) and was therefore regarded as distinct (Hutterer, 1993a). These differences were also recognized by Corbet (1978c:26) and Lunde et al. (2003b). Revised by Jiang et al. (2003).	Burmese Short-tailed Shrew
13700341	Blarina	Gray 1837 "1838"	GENUS					Blarina	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1837 p.124	Corsira (Blarina) talpoides Gray, 1838 (= Sorex talpoides Gapper, 1830 = Sorex brevicaudus Say, 1823).	Anotus  Wagner, 1855; Blaria Gray, 1843; Brachysorex Duvernoy, 1842; Mamblarinaus Herrera, 1899; Talposorex Pomel, 1848 [not Lesson].			Type genus of Blarinini (Repenning, 1967:37). Reviewed by George et al. (1982, 1986). Phylogeny analyzed by Brandt and Ortí (2002).	
13700375	Cryptotis magna	Merriam 1895	SPECIES			magna		Cryptotis	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	N. Am. Fauna vol.10 p.28			NC Oaxaca (Mexico) from ca. 1500 to 2500 m elevation (Carraway, ms).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Robertson and Rickart (1975, Mammalian Species No. 61). A relict species, according to Choate (1970).	Big Mexican Small-eared Shrew
13700342	Blarina brevicauda	Say 1823	SPECIES			brevicauda		Blarina	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	In James, Account Exped. Pittsburgh to Rocky Mtns vol.1 p.164		angusticeps  Baird, 1858; costaricensis J. A. Allen, 1891; dekayi (Bachmann, 1837); fossilis Hibbard, 1943; micrurus (Pomel, 1848); ozarkensis Brown, 1908; simplicidens Cope, 1899; aloga Bangs, 1902; angusta Anderson, 1943; churchi Bole and Moulthrop, 1942; compacta Bangs, 1902; hooperi Bole and Moulthrop, 1942; kirtlandi Bole and Moulthrop, 1942; manitobensis Anderson, 1947; pallida R. W. Smith, 1940; talpoides (Gapper, 1830); telmalestes Merriam, 1895.	S Canada west to C Saskatchewan and east to SE Canada, south to Nebraska and N Virginia (USA).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes telmalestes (see review by George et al., 1986, Mammalian Species No. 261), which Hall (1981:57) listed as a distinct species. Karyotype has 2n = 48-50, FN = 52 (Zima et al., 1998).	Northern Short-tailed Shrew
13700343	Blarina brevicauda subsp. brevicauda	Say 1823	SUBSPECIES		brevicauda	brevicauda		Blarina	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	In James, Account Exped. Pittsburgh to Rocky Mtns vol.1 p.164						
13700344	Blarina brevicauda subsp. aloga	Bangs 1902	SUBSPECIES		aloga	brevicauda		Blarina	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700345	Blarina brevicauda subsp. angusta	Anderson 1943	SUBSPECIES		angusta	brevicauda		Blarina	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700346	Blarina brevicauda subsp. churchi	Bole and Moulthrop 1942	SUBSPECIES		churchi	brevicauda		Blarina	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700347	Blarina brevicauda subsp. compacta	Bangs 1902	SUBSPECIES		compacta	brevicauda		Blarina	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700348	Blarina brevicauda subsp. hooperi	Bole and Moulthrop 1942	SUBSPECIES		hooperi	brevicauda		Blarina	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700349	Blarina brevicauda subsp. kirtlandi	Bole and Moulthrop 1942	SUBSPECIES		kirtlandi	brevicauda		Blarina	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700350	Blarina brevicauda subsp. manitobensis	Anderson 1947	SUBSPECIES		manitobensis	brevicauda		Blarina	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700351	Blarina brevicauda subsp. pallida	R. W. Smith 1940	SUBSPECIES		pallida	brevicauda		Blarina	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700352	Blarina brevicauda subsp. talpoides	Gapper 1830	SUBSPECIES		talpoides	brevicauda		Blarina	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700353	Blarina brevicauda subsp. telmalestes	Merriam 1895	SUBSPECIES		telmalestes	brevicauda		Blarina	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700354	Blarina carolinensis	Bachman 1837	SPECIES			carolinensis		Blarina	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.7 p.366		minima  Lowery, 1943; shermani Hamilton, 1955.	S Illinois east to N Virginia, and south through E Texas and N Florida (USA).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	For specific status see Genoways and Choate (1972) and Tate et al. (1980), for a general review Genoways and Choate (1998) and McCay (2001, Mammalian Species No. 673). Hall (1981:54) listed carolinensis as a subspecies of brevicauda. Karyotype has 2n = 36-46, FN = 48-49 (Genoways and Benedict, in Wilson and Ruff, 1999).	Southern Short-tailed Shrew
13700355	Blarina carolinensis subsp. carolinensis	Bachman 1837	SUBSPECIES		carolinensis	carolinensis		Blarina	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.7 p.366						
13700356	Blarina carolinensis subsp. minima	Lowery 1943	SUBSPECIES		minima	carolinensis		Blarina	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700357	Blarina carolinensis subsp. shermani	Hamilton 1955	SUBSPECIES		shermani	carolinensis		Blarina	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700462	Sorex arcticus subsp. laricorum	Jackson 1925	SUBSPECIES		laricorum	arcticus	Sorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700358	Blarina hylophaga	Elliot 1899	SPECIES			hylophaga		Blarina	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Field Columb. Mus. Publ., Zool. Ser. vol.1 p.287		hulophaga  Elliott, 1899; plumbea Davis, 1941.	USA: S Nebraska and SW Iowa south to S Texas; east to Missouri and NW Arkansas; Oklahoma; extending into Louisiana.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Original spelling hulophaga Elliot, 1899, corrected to hylophaga by Elliot (1905). Formerly included in carolinensis, but separated as a distinct species by George et al. (1982). Karyotype 2n = 52, FN = 64-66 (Zima et al., 1998). Molecular data suggest that this is the basal taxon of the genus (Brandt and Ortí, 2002).	Elliot's Short-tailed Shrew
13700359	Blarina hylophaga subsp. hylophaga	Elliot 1899	SUBSPECIES		hylophaga	hylophaga		Blarina	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Field Columb. Mus. Publ., Zool. Ser. vol.1 p.287					Original spelling hulophaga Elliot, 1899, corrected to hylophaga by Elliot (1905).	
13700360	Blarina hylophaga subsp. plumbea	Davis 1941	SUBSPECIES		plumbea	hylophaga		Blarina	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700444	Megasorex	Hibbard 1950	GENUS					Megasorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Contrib. Mus. Paleontol. Univ. Michigan vol.8 p.129	Notiosorex gigas Merriam, 1897.				Repenning (1967) and George (1986) placed the genus in Neomyini, but see Reumer (1998).	
13700362	Cryptotis	Pomel 1848	GENUS					Cryptotis	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Arch. Sci. Phys. Nat. Geneve vol.9 p.249	Sorex cinereus Bachman, 1837 (= Sorex parvus Say, 1823).	Soriciscus  Coues, 1877; Xenosorex Schaldach, 1966.			See Repenning (1967:37) and Reumer (1998:19) for placement in Blarinini. North and Central American species revised in part by Choate (1970) and Choate and Fleharty (1974); Central and South American species revised by Woodman (1996, 2002, 2003), Woodman and Timm (1993, 1999, 2000), and Vivar et al. (1997). Gureev (1979:433-437) listed many species that Choate (1970) considered synonyms. Formerly included C. surinamensis which was transferred to Sorex araneus by Husson (1963). Woodman (1993) argued that Cryptotis is feminine in gender, a conclusion followed here.	
13700634	Parascalops breweri	Bachman 1842	SPECIES			breweri		Parascalops	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	Boston J. Nat. Hist. vol.4 p.32			NE United States and SE Canada.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Hallett (1978, Mammalian Species No. 98). Karyotype has 2n = 34, FN = 62 (Yates and Schmidly, 1975).	Hairy-tailed Mole
13700363	Cryptotis alticola	Merriam 1895	SPECIES			alticola		Cryptotis	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	N. Amer. Fauna vol.10 p.27		euryrhynchis  Genoways and Choate, 1967.	Highlands above 2000 m in the Mexican states of Colima, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Michoacán, México, and Puebla, Morelos, and in the Distrito Federal (Carraway, ms; Woodman and Timm, 1999).		C. mexicanus group, goldmani subset. Formerly a member of goldmani; revised by Woodman and Timm (1999).	Central Mexican Broad-clawed Shrew
13700364	Cryptotis brachyonyx	Woodman 2003	SPECIES			brachyonyx		Cryptotis	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.116 p.855			C Eastern Cordillera of Colombia.		C. nigrescens group; most similar to C. colombiana (Woodman, 2003).	Eastern Cordillera Small-footed Shrew
13700365	Cryptotis colombiana	Woodman and Timm 1993	SPECIES			colombiana		Cryptotis	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Fieldiana: Zoology, n.s. vol.74 p.24			Colombia, Central Cordillera.		C. nigrescens group (Woodman and Timm, 1993). Woodman (1996) reported a second specimen from the Cordillera Oriental that he later described as a new species related to C. colombiana (Woodman, 2003); see under C. brachyonyx.	Colombian Small-eared Shrew
13700366	Cryptotis endersi	Setzer 1950	SPECIES			endersi		Cryptotis	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	J. Wash. Acad. Sci. vol.40 p.300			Highlands of W Panama.	IUCN  Endangered.	Choate (1970) recognized this taxon as a relict species known only from the type locality. In 1980, a second specimen was collected 70 km further east (Pine et al., 2002).	Enders' Small-eared Shrew
13700367	Cryptotis equatoris	Thomas 1912	SPECIES			equatoris		Cryptotis	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.9 p.409		osgoodi  Stone, 1914.	Western Andes of Ecuador.		C. thomasi group. Revised by Vivar et al. (1997) who listed osgoodi as a subspecies.	Ecuadorean Small-eared Shrew
13700368	Cryptotis goldmani	Merriam 1895	SPECIES			goldmani		Cryptotis	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	N. Am. Fauna vol.10 p.25		guerrerensis  Jackson, 1933; machetes Merriam, 1895; fossor Merriam, 1895; frontalis Miller, 1911.	Mexico; highlands above 1500 m in Oaxaca and Guerrero.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	C. mexicana group, goldmani subset. Choate (1970) recognized two distinct subspecies, alticola and goldmani; the former is now considered a species. Revised by Woodman and Timm (1999), and Carraway (ms), who recognized the Oaxaca and Guerrero populations as distinct subspecies.	Goldman's Broad-clawed Shrew
13700370	Cryptotis goldmani subsp. machetes	Merriam 1895	SUBSPECIES		machetes	goldmani		Cryptotis	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700371	Cryptotis goodwini	Jackson 1933	SPECIES			goodwini		Cryptotis	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.46 p.81		magnimana  Woodman and Timm, 1999.	Highlands above 1100 m in S Mexico (Chiapas) and S Guatemala; N El Salvador and W Honduras.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	C. mexicana group, goldmani subset. Reviewed by Choate and Fleharty (1974, Mammalian Species No. 44) and by Woodman and Timm (1999), who described magnimana as a subspecies from Honduras. Woodman (pers. comm., 2003) considered this name as a synonym of goodwini.	Goodwin's Broad-clawed Shrew
13700372	Cryptotis gracilis	Miller 1911	SPECIES			gracilis		Cryptotis	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.24 p.221		jacksoni  Goodwin, 1944.	SE Costa Rica and W Panama.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Considered a relict species by Choate (1970). Specimens from Honduras previously included in gracilis were described as a new species, C. hondurensis, by Woodman and Timm (1992).	Talamancan Small-eared Shrew
13700373	Cryptotis griseoventris	Jackson 1933	SPECIES			griseoventris		Cryptotis	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.46 p.80			Highlands above 2000 m in S Mexico (Chiapas) and Guatemala.		C. mexicana group, goldmani subset (Woodman and Timm, 1999). Formerly included in goldmani by Choate (1970), but given species rank by Woodman and Timm (1999).	Guatemalan Broad-clawed Shrew
13700374	Cryptotis hondurensis	Woodman and Timm 1992	SPECIES			hondurensis		Cryptotis	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.105 p.2			Pine, mixed pine, and oak forests on highlands east of Tegucicalpa, Honduras; possibly also in adjacent regions of Guatemala, El Salvador, and Nicaragua.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	C. nigrescens group. Formerly included in gracilis, see comments therein.	Honduran Small-eared Shrew
13700376	Cryptotis mayensis	Merriam 1901	SPECIES			mayensis		Cryptotis	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. vol.3 p.559			Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico and adjacent Belize and Guatemala. Also known from owl pellets collected in Guerrero.		C. nigrescens group. Species redefined by Woodman and Timm (1993). Also recorded from the Pleistocene of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico (Woodman, 1995).	Yucatan Small-eared Shrew
13700377	Cryptotis medellinia	Thomas 1921	SPECIES			medellinia		Cryptotis	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9 vol.8 p.354			Northern portions of the Central and Western Cordilleras, Colombia.		C. thomasi group. Revised by Vivar et al. (1997) and Woodman (2002).	Medellín Small-eared Shrew
13700378	Cryptotis mera	Goldman 1912	SPECIES			mera		Cryptotis	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Smiths. Misc. Coll. vol.60 2 p.17		merus  Goldman, 1912.	Highlands along the Panama-Colombia border.		C. nigrescens group. Revised by Woodman and Timm (1993).	Darién Small-eared Shrew
10300001	Monotremata	Bonaparte 1837	ORDER							Monotremata						Reviewed by Griffiths (1978). The order is the sole extant representative of the Subclass Prototheria (all other living mammals belong to subclass Theria). McKenna and Bell (1997) divided the order into two (Platypoda and Tachyglossa); the date of divergence of the two living families is unknown, and conservatively they are retained here in a single order.	
13700379	Cryptotis meridensis	Thomas 1898	SPECIES			meridensis		Cryptotis	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.1 p.457			Venezuela; cloud forest and páramo in the Cordillera de los Andes in Trujillo, Mérida, and E Táchira; probably also mountains near Caracas, Venezuela, see Tello (1979).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	C. thomasi group. This species was commonly included in thomasi (Handley, 1976; Eisenberg, 1989) but is much larger and has a more robust dentition. Choate (pers. comm., 1983) and Hutterer (1986d) therefore considered meridensis a valid species, an action followed by Vivar et al. (1997) and Woodman (1996). Specimens from Páramo de Tamá previously referred to meridensis have been described as a new species, C. tamensis, by Woodman (2002). A specimen from coastal highlands near Caracas reported by Ojasti and Mondolfi (1968) will require a detailed study.	Merida Small-eared Shrew
13700380	Cryptotis merriami	Choate 1970	SPECIES			merriami		Cryptotis	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.19 p.277			Highlands of S Mexico (Chiapas), Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, N Nicaragua, and N Costa Rica.		C. nigrescens group. Formerly included in nigrescens, but redefined by Woodman and Timm (1993). Occurs syntopically with nigrescens in Costa Rica (Woodman, 2000).	Merriam's Small-eared Shrew
13700381	Cryptotis mexicana	Coues 1877	SPECIES			mexicana		Cryptotis	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Bull. U.S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr. vol.3 p.652			Humid upper tropical zone in Chiapas, Oaxaca, Puebla, and Veracruz (Mexico); altitudinal range 520 to 2600 m (Carraway, ms; Fa, 1989).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	C. mexicana group. Reviewed by Choate (1970; 1973, Mammalian Species No. 28), who recognized four subspecies, mexicana, nelsoni, obscura, and peregrina; the latter three were regarded as separate species by Woodman and Timm (1999).	Mexican Small-eared Shrew
13700382	Cryptotis montivaga	Anthony 1921	SPECIES			montivaga		Cryptotis	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.20 p.5			Andean zone of S Ecuador.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	C. thomasi group. Revised by Vivar et al. (1997), who called it montivagus.	Wandering Small-eared Shrew
13700383	Cryptotis nelsoni	Merriam 1895	SPECIES			nelsoni		Cryptotis	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	N. Amer. Fauna vol.10 p.26			Known only from type locality.		C. mexicana group. Included in mexicana by Choate (1970) and Hall (1981), but given species rank by Woodman and Timm (1999).	Nelson's Small-eared Shrew
13700384	Cryptotis nigrescens	J. A. Allen 1895	SPECIES			nigrescens		Cryptotis	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.7 p.339		tersus  Goodwin, 1954; zeteki Setzer, 1950.	Highlands above 800 m in Costa Rica and W Panama.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	C. nigrescens group. Choate (1970) included mayensis and merriami as subspecies, but see Woodman and Timm (1993) who revised the nigrescens group.	Blackish Small-eared Shrew
13700385	Cryptotis obscura	Merriam 1895	SPECIES			obscura		Cryptotis	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	N. Amer. Fauna vol.10 p.23		madrea  Goodwin, 1954.	Mexican highlands from 1040 to 2500 m in Hidalgo, México, Querétaro, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas, and Veracruz (Carraway, ms).		C. mexicana group. Included in mexicana by Choate (1970) and Hall (1981), but given species rank by Woodman and Timm (1999).	Grizzled Mexican Small-eared Shrew
13700386	Cryptotis orophila	J. A. Allen 1895	SPECIES			orophila		Cryptotis	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.7 p.340		olivaceus  J. A. Allen, 1908.	Highlands and mid-elevations from Honduras and El Salvador south to C Costa Rica (Woodman, pers. comm., 2003).		C. parva group. Until recently a subspecies of parva, but given species rank by Woodman (2002, and pers. comm.).	Central American Least Shrew
13700401	Chimarrogale	Anderson 1877	GENUS					Chimarrogale	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal vol.46 p.262	Crossopus himalayicus Gray, 1842.	Chimmarogale  Ellermann and Morrison-Scott, 1951; Crossogale Thomas, 1921.			Formerly in tribe Neomyini; see Repenning (1967:61). Because of the presence of white teeth the genus was occasionally included in subfamily Crocidurinae, but since Repenning (1967), overwhelming evidence has accumulated showing that Chimarrogale is a soricine shrew (Mori et al., 1991; Vogel and Besancon, 1979). Gureev (1971:226) included Chimarrogale in his subtribe Nectogalina within the Blarinini, while Reumer (1984:14) included it in the tribe Soriculini; see comments under genus Neomys. Includes Crossogale; see Harrison (1958), who also revised the genus. His arrangement was found to be more realistic than the common practice of lumping all forms together in one or two species. Hutterer (1993a) recognized the six species listed below.	
10300003	Tachyglossus	Illiger 1811	GENUS					Tachyglossus	Tachyglossidae	Monotremata	Prodr. Syst. Mammal. Avium. p.114	Echidna novaehollandiae Lacépède, 1799 (= Myrmecophaga aculeatus Shaw, 1792).	Acanthonotus  Goldfuss, 1809; Echidna G. Cuvier, 1797; Echinopus G. Fischer, 1814; Syphonia Rafinesque, 1815.				
10400002	Didelphidae	Gray 1821	FAMILY						Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	London Med. Repos. vol.15 p.308					Placed in the order Polyprotodontia by Kirsch (1977); also see Aplin and Archer (1987). Does not include Dromiciops; see Kirsch and Calaby (1977). Includes Caluromyidae, Glironiidae, and Marmosidae sensu Hershkovitz (1992a).	
10400003	Caluromyinae	Kirsch 1977	SUBFAMILY						Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia	Aust. J. Zool., Suppl. ser. vol.52 p.111					Included in Caluromyidae along with Caluromyopsinae by Hershkovitz (1992a); also includes Glironiidae.	
10400025	Caluromys philander subsp. trinitatis	Thomas 1894	SUBSPECIES		trinitatis	philander	Caluromys	Caluromys	Didelphidae	Didelphimorphia							
13700387	Cryptotis parva	Say 1823	SPECIES			parva		Cryptotis	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	In James, Account Exped. Pittsburgh to Rocky Mtns vol.1 p.163		cinereus  Bachmann, 1837 [not Kerr, 1792]; elasson Bole and Moulthrop, 1942; exilipes Baird, 1858; eximius Baird, 1858; harlani Duvernoy, 1842; parvus Say, 1823; berlandieri Baird, 1858; macer Miller, 1911; nayaritensis Jackson, 1933; pergracilis Elliot, 1903; floridana Merriam, 1895; pueblensis Jackson, 1933; celatus Goodwin, 1956; soricina Merriam, 1895.	Extreme SE Canada through EC and SW USA and Mexico S to Chiapas and W to Nayarit.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Whitaker (1974, Mammalian Species No. 43), who recognized 9 subspecies, 5 of which occur in Middle America (Choate, 1970). Woodman (2002) concluded that orophila is a diagnosable species; see under that name. The remaining taxa are tentatively assigned to the five subspecies noted here (Carraway, pers. comm., 2003; Woodman, pers. comm., 2002). Some of these taxa may in fact represent good species. Karyotypes from Missouri and Texas count 2n = 52, FN = 54 (Genoways et al., 1977).	North American Least Shrew
13700388	Cryptotis parva subsp. parva	Say 1823	SUBSPECIES		parva	parva		Cryptotis	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	In James, Account Exped. Pittsburgh to Rocky Mtns vol.1 p.163						
13700391	Cryptotis parva subsp. pueblensis	Jackson 1933	SUBSPECIES		pueblensis	parva		Cryptotis	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700392	Cryptotis parva subsp. soricina	Merriam 1895	SUBSPECIES		soricina	parva		Cryptotis	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700393	Cryptotis peregrina	Merriam 1895	SPECIES			peregrina		Cryptotis	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	N. Amer. Fauna vol.10 p.24			Mexico, Oaxaca, Sierra de Cuatro Venados and Sierra Yucuyacua.		C. mexicana group, goldmani subset. Formerly included in mexicana (see Choate, 1970), but raised to species level by Woodman and Timm (1999). Further restricted and defined by Woodman and Timm (2000).	Oaxacan Broad-clawed Shrew
13700394	Cryptotis peruviensis	Vivar, Pacheco and Valqui 1997	SPECIES			peruviensis		Cryptotis	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Am. Mus. Novit. vol.3202 p.7			Only known from elfin forest in N Peru, E and W Andes, at 3150 and 2050 m.		C. thomasi group. The populations of peruviensis document the southernmost occurrence of Cryptotis in South America (Vivar et al., 1997).	Peruvian Small-eared Shrew
13700152	Crocidura olivieri subsp. olivieri	Lesson 1827	SUBSPECIES		olivieri	olivieri		Crocidura	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Manuel de Mammalogie p.121						
13700317	Myosorex longicaudatus subsp. boosmani	Dippenaar 1995	SUBSPECIES		boosmani	longicaudatus		Myosorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700395	Cryptotis phillipsii	Schaldach 1966	SPECIES			phillipsii		Cryptotis	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	SSugetierkdl. Mitt. vol.4 p.289			Mexico, S Oaxaca, Sierra de Miahuatlán.		C. mexicana group. Described as Notiosorex (Xenosorex) phillipsii but later included in Cryptotis mexicana; see Choate (1969). Recently resurrected by Woodman and Timm (2000).	Phillips' Small-eared Shrew
13700396	Cryptotis squamipes	J. A. Allen 1912	SPECIES			squamipes		Cryptotis	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.31 p.93			S Cordillera Occidental of Colombia and Ecuador.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	C. thomasi group.	Western Colombian Small-eared Shrew
11000015	PHALANGERIFORMES	Szalay, in Archer (ed.) 1982	SUBORDER							Diprotodontia							
11000193	Macropodidae	Gray 1821	FAMILY						Macropodidae	Diprotodontia	London Med. Repos. vol.15 p.308					Revised by Tate (1948a).	
11100009	Oryzorictinae	Dobson 1882	SUBFAMILY						Tenrecidae	Afrosoricida	Monograph of the Insectivora vol.1 p.71						
11100034	Potamogalinae	Allman 1865	SUBFAMILY						Tenrecidae	Afrosoricida	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1865 p.467						
11800003	Bradypodidae	Gray 1821	FAMILY						Bradypodidae	Pilosa	London Med. Repos. vol.15 p.304						
13001539	Nannomys	Peters 1876	SUBGENUS				Nannomys	Mus	Muridae	Rodentia							
13500006	Conothoa	Lyon 1904	SUBGENUS				Conothoa	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha							
13500072	Ochotona pusilla subsp. angustifrons	Argyropulo 1932	SUBSPECIES		angustifrons	pusilla	Ochotona	Ochotona	Ochotonidae	Lagomorpha							
13500159	Lepus europaeus subsp. connori	Robinson 1918	SUBSPECIES		connori	europaeus	Eulagos	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13500206	Lepus peguensis subsp. vassali	Thomas 1906	SUBSPECIES		vassali	peguensis	Indolagus	Lepus	Leporidae	Lagomorpha							
13800477	Rhinolophus blasii subsp. andreinii	Senna 1905	SUBSPECIES		andreinii	blasii		Rhinolophus	Rhinolophidae	Chiroptera							
13900001	Pholidota	Weber 1904	ORDER							Pholidota							
14000034	Felis chaus subsp. affinis	Gray 1830	SUBSPECIES		affinis	chaus		Felis	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000159	Lynx lynx subsp. kozlovi	Fetisov 1950	SUBSPECIES		kozlovi	lynx		Lynx	Felidae	Carnivora							
14000474	Nandinia binotata subsp. arborea	Heller 1913	SUBSPECIES		arborea	binotata		Nandinia	Nandiniidae	Carnivora							
14000690	CANIFORMIA	Kretzoi 1938	SUBORDER							Carnivora							
14000760	Canis lupus subsp. irremotus	Goldman 1937	SUBSPECIES		irremotus	lupus		Canis	Canidae	Carnivora							
14001300	Mellivora capensis subsp. indica	Kerr 1792	SUBSPECIES		indica	capensis		Mellivora	Mustelidae	Carnivora							
14001627	Nasua narica subsp. molaris	Merriam 1902	SUBSPECIES		molaris	narica		Nasua	Procyonidae	Carnivora							
14001686	Procyon lotor subsp. vancouverensis	Nelson and Goldman 1930	SUBSPECIES		vancouverensis	lotor		Procyon	Procyonidae	Carnivora							
14001692	Ailurus fulgens subsp. refulgens	Milne-Edwards 1874	SUBSPECIES		refulgens	fulgens		Ailurus	Ailuridae	Carnivora							
14200442	Rusa marianna subsp. barandana	Heude 1888	SUBSPECIES		barandana	marianna		Rusa	Cervidae	Artiodactyla							
14200654	Raphicerus	C. H. Smith 1827	GENUS					Raphicerus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	In Griffith et al., Animal Kingdom vol.5 p.342	Cerophorus acuticornis de Blainville, 1816 (= Antilope campestris Thunberg, 1811).	Calotragus Sundevall, 1846; Grysbock Knottnerus-Meyer, 1907; Nototragus Thomas and Schwann, 1906; Pediotragus Fitzinger, 1861; Raphiceros Thomas, 1897; Rhaphiceros Lydekker, 1897; Rhaphicerus Lönnberg, 1908; Rhaphocerus Agassiz, 1846.			Genus comprises R. melanotis or Nototragus group (a superspecies according to Ansell, 1972:68), including also R. sharpei; and R. campestris or nominate Raphicerus group.	
14200656	Raphicerus campestris subsp. campestris	Thunberg 1811	SUBSPECIES		campestris	campestris		Raphicerus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla	Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersbourg vol.3 p.313						
14200677	Bos frontalis subsp. laosiensis	Heude 1901	SUBSPECIES		laosiensis	frontalis		Bos	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200689	Bos taurus subsp. indicus	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		indicus	taurus		Bos	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14200949	Hippotragus niger subsp. anselli	Groves 1983	SUBSPECIES		anselli	niger		Hippotragus	Bovidae	Artiodactyla							
14300034	ODONTOCETI	Flower 1867	SUBORDER							Cetacea							
12100100	LORISIFORMES	Gregory 1915	INFRAORDER							Primates							
12100184	Mico	Lesson 1840	SUBGENUS				Mico	Callithrix	Cebidae	Primates							
13700397	Cryptotis tamensis	Woodman 2002	SPECIES			tamensis		Cryptotis	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.115 p.254			Montane forest and pasture margins in the Tamá highlands, W Venezuela, and adjacent highlands in Colombia between 2385 and 3329 m.		C. thomasi group; most similar to meridensis and thomasi (Woodman, 2002).	Tamá Small-eared Shrew
13700398	Cryptotis thomasi	Merriam 1897	SPECIES			thomasi		Cryptotis	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.11 p.227		avia  G. M. Allen, 1923 as C. thomasi and C. avia.	Colombia, highlands above 2700 m around Bogotá in the Eastern Cordillera.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Woodman (1996) redefined the species and included avia as a synonym.	Thomas' Small-eared Shrew
13700518	Sorex hoyi subsp. winnemana	Preble 1910	SUBSPECIES		winnemana	hoyi	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700399	Cryptotis tropicalis	Merriam 1895	SPECIES			tropicalis		Cryptotis	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	N. Amer. Fauna vol.10 p.21		tropicalis  (Gray, 1843) [nomen nudum]; micrurus (Tomes, 1861) [not Pomel, 1848].	Eastern highlands of Chiapas (Mexico) east and south into highlands of Belize and Guatemala (Carraway, ms; Choate, 1970).		C. parva group. Until recently a subspecies of parva, but species rank suggested by Carraway (ms) and Woodman (pers. comm., 2003). Relations to C. orophila remain to be studied.	Tropical Small-eared Shrew
13700400	Nectogalini	Anderson 1879	TRIBE						Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Anat. and zool. Res. vol.1 p.149		Crossopinae A. Milne-Edwards, 1872; Hydrosoridae Anonymous, 1838; Neomyini Matschie, 1909; Soriculi Winge, 1917; Soriculini Kretzoi, 1965.			Better known as Neomyini (Repenning, 1967), but Nectogalini has priority, as pointed out by McKenna and Bell (1997).	
13700415	Chodsigoa parca subsp. lowei	Osgood 1932	SUBSPECIES		lowei	parca		Chodsigoa	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700402	Chimarrogale hantu	Harrison 1958	SPECIES			hantu		Chimarrogale	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 13 vol.1 p.282			Tropical forest of the Malaysian peninsula.	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Included in himalayica by Medway (1977) and other authors but retained by Jones and Mumford (1971). The species differs considerably in its morphology and ecology from the species that inhabit the Himalayan region. The photograph of a live animal in Nowak (1991:156) depicts this species.	Malayan Water Shrew
13700403	Chimarrogale himalayica	Gray 1842	SPECIES			himalayica		Chimarrogale	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., [ser. 1] vol.10 p.261		himalayicus  (Gray, 1842); leander Thomas, 1902; varennei Thomas, 1927.	Kashmir through SE Asia to Indochina; C and S China; Taiwan.		Corbet (1978c) included leander, platycephala, varennei, and probably hantu in himalayica. Gureev (1979) listed leander, hantu, platycephala, and varennei as distinct species without comment; both views are only partially accepted here. Species reviewed by Jones and Mumford (1971) and Hoffmann (1987).	Himalayan Water Shrew
13700404	Chimarrogale phaeura	Thomas 1898	SPECIES			phaeura		Chimarrogale	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.2 p.246			Streams in tropical forest of island of Borneo (Malaysia and Indonesia).	IUCN  Endangered.	Medway (1977) considered phaeura as a subspecies of himalayica but Corbet (1978c) and Jones and Mumford (1971) maintained styani and phaeura as separate species. Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1966:87) included sumatrana in this species, but Gureev (1979:458) listed it as a distinct species, a view followed by Hutterer (1993a).	Bornean Water Shrew
14100066	Rhinoceros	Linnaeus 1758	GENUS					Rhinoceros	Rhinocerotidae	Perissodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.56	Rhinoceros unicornis Linnaeus, 1758.	Eurhinoceros Gray, 1867; Monocerorhinus Wüst, 1922; Monoceros Rafinesque, 1815; Naricornis Frisch, 1775 [unavailable]; Unicornus Rafinesque, 1815.				
13700452	Sorex	Linnaeus 1758	GENUS					Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.53	Sorex araneus Linnaeus, 1758.	Amphiosorex  Hall, 1959 [lapsus]; Amphisorex Duvernoy, 1835; Asorex Mezhzherin, 1965; Atophyrax Merriam, 1884; Corsira Gray, 1838; Dolgovia Vorontsov and Kral, 1986 [? nomen nudum]; Eurosorex Stroganov, 1952; Fredgia Vorontsov and Kral, 1986 [? nomen nudum]; Homalurus Schulze, 1890; Hydrogale Pomel, 1848 [not Kaup, 1829]; Kratochvilia Vorontsov and Kral, 1986 [? nomen nudum]; Microsorex Coues, 1877; Musaraneus Brisson, 1762; Neosorex Baird, 1858; Ognevia Heptner and Dolgov, 1967; Otisorex De Kay, 1842; Oxyrhin Kaup, 1829; Soricidus Altobello, 1927; Stroganovia Yudin, 1989; Yudinia Vorontsov and Kral, 1986 [? nomen nudum].			<p>Type genus of Soricidae. The systematic relationships of a large number of Holarctic species were studied by George (1988); her proposals for subgeneric allocation are mainly followed here. Keys and/or reviews are available for the species of various geographical areas: Canada (van Zyll de Jong, 1983a); North and Middle America (Carraway, 1990, 1995; Junge and Hoffmann, 1981); China (Hoffmann, 1987); Siberia (Yudin, 1989); and Europe (Niethammer and Krapp, 1990). Microsorex was formerly regarded as a full genus, then reduced to a subgenus of Sorex by Diersing (1980b), and is now regarded as a synonym of subgenus Otisorex (see George, 1988). Besides subgenera a number of species groups have been distinguished such as the araneus arcticus group (Hausser et al., 1985; Meylan and Hausser, 1973), the cinereus group (van Zyll de Jong, 1991b), and the vagrans group (Carraway, 1990), the boundaries and contents of which a... [truncated]	
13700453	Sorex	Linnaeus 1758	SUBGENUS				Sorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.53	Sorex araneus Linnaeus, 1758.					
13700454	Ognevia	Heptner and Dolgov 1967	SUBGENUS				Ognevia	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha		Sorex mirabilis Ognev, 1937.					
13700455	Otisorex	De Kay 1842	SUBGENUS				Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha		Sorex cinereus Kerr, 1792					
13700456	Sorex alaskanus	Merriam 1900	SPECIES			alaskanus	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. vol.2 p.18			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Otisorex; S. vagrans complex. The species was tentatively included in palustris by Junge and Hoffmann (1981) and Harris (in Wilson and Ruff, 1999), but retained as a species by Hall (1981), Jones et al. (1982), and George (1988); a view supported by the skull figures and measurements given by Jackson (1928) and Carraway (1995). Apparently the species has not been collected again since 1899.	Glacier Bay Water Shrew
13700467	Sorex bairdi	Merriam 1895	SPECIES			bairdi	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	N. Am. Fauna vol.10 p.77		bairdii  Hennings and Hoffmann, 1977; permiliensis Jackson, 1918.	NW Oregon (USA).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Otisorex; S. vagrans complex (Carraway, 1990; Demboski and Cook, 2001). This taxon has been alternatively referred to obscurus, vagrans, and monticulus, but was given specific rank by Carraway (1990). Includes permiliensis as a valid subspecies (Alexander, 1996; Carraway, 1990).	Baird's Shrew
13700457	Sorex alpinus	Schinz 1837	SPECIES			alpinus	Sorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Neue Denkschr. Allgem. Schweiz. Gesell. Naturwiss. Neuchatel vol.1 p.13		hercynicus  Miller, 1909; ? intermedius Cornalia, 1870; longobarda Sordelli, 1899; tatricus Kratochvil and Rosicky, 1952.	Montane forests of C Europe; including Pyrenees, Carpathians, Tatra, Sudeten, Harz, and Jura Mtns.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Sorex, S. alpinus group. Type species of subgenus Homalurus; see Hutterer (1982b). Reviewed by Spitzenberger (1990a). No clear subspecific variation; three karyotypic forms (2n = 54-58, FN = 68) have been described (Dannelid 1994; Lukácová et al. 1996). European range shown in Mitchell-Jones et al. (1999). Peripheral populations in the Pyrenees and the Harz Mtns (Gahsche, 1994) now probably extinct.	Alpine Shrew
13700458	Sorex antinorii	Bonaparte 1840	SPECIES			antinorii	Sorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Iconogr. Faun. Ital. vol.1 p.29		crassicaudatus  Fatio, 1905 [not Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1834]; silanus Lehmann, 1961; valaicus Zagorodnyuk and Khazan, 1996 [nomen nudum].	SE France, S Switzerland, and Italy.		Subgenus Sorex, S. araneus group. Formerly known as the Valais chromosome race of the common shrew (2n = 24/25, FN = 40). Given species rank, diagnosed and reviewed by Brünner et al. (2002a). A contact zone in the Alps between araneus and antinorii was investigated by Brünner et al. (2002b). Sorex arunchi may be related, if not conspecific.	Valais Shrew
13700459	Sorex araneus	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			araneus	Sorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.53		alticola  Miller, 1901; bergensis Miller, 1909; bohemicus Stepanek, 1944; bolkayi Martino, 1930; carpathicus Barrett-Hamilton, 1905; castaneus Jenys, 1838; concinnus Wagler, 1832; csikii Ehik, 1928; daubentonii Cuvier, 1829 [not Erxleben, 1777]; eleonorae Wettstein, 1927; grantii Barrett-Hamilton and Hinton, 1913 [not Okhotina, 1993]; hermanni Duvernoy, 1834; huelleri Lehmann, 1966; ignotus Fatio, 1905; iochanseni Ognev, 1933; labiosus Jenys, 1839; macrotrichus de Sélys Longchamps, 1839; marchicus Passarge, 1984; melanodon Wagler, 1832; mollis Fatio, 1900; nigra Fatio, 1869; novyensis Schaefer, 1975; nuda Fatio, 1869; ? pallidus Fitzinger, 1868 [nomen dubium]; personatus Millet, 1828 [not Geoffroy, 1827]; petrovi Martino, 1939; peucinius Thomas, 1913; preussi (Matschie, 1893); pulcher Zalesky, 1937; pyrenaicus Miller, 1909; pyrrhonota (Jentink, 1910); quadricaudatus Kerr, 1792; rhinolophus Wagler, 1832; ryphaeus Yudin, 1989; sultanae Simsek, 1986; ? surinamensis Gmelin, 1788; tetragonurus Hermann, 1780; uralensis Ognev, 1933; vulgaris Nilsson, 1847; wettsteini Bauer, 1960.	C, E, and N Europe including the British Isls (with some isolated populations in France, Italy and Spain), east to Siberia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Sorex, S. araneus group. S. araneus is the preferred Palearctic species for studies in ecology and evolution; see Hausser et al. (1990), Hausser (1991), and Wójcik et al. (2002) for reviews. Karyotype variable (2n = 20-33, FN = 40). The species is well known for its Robertsonian chromosome polymorphism (Meylan, 1964) and for the tendency to establish local karyotype races (Hausser et al., 1985; Searle, 1984; Searle and Wójcik, 1998, 2000; Volobouev, 2003; Zima and Král, 1984b; Zima et al., 1994). In Switzerland two karyotype races occur that behave like parapatric species (Hausser et al., 1986); see under S. antinorii. Includes Blarina pyrrhonota Jentink, 1910, a name assigned to Cryptotis surinamensis by Cabrera (1958); however, Husson (1963) showed that the locality information was incorrect and that it was based on a Sorex araneus. The holotype skin (skull lost) of Myosorex preussi Ma... [truncated]	Common Shrew
13700476	Sorex caecutiens	Laxmann 1785 "1788"	SPECIES			caecutiens	Sorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Nova Acta Acad. Sci. Petropoli vol.1785 3 p.285		altaicus  Ognev, 1922; annexus Thomas, 1907; araneoides Ognev, 1922; buxtoni J. Allen, 1903; caecutienoides Stroganov, 1967; centralis Thomas, 1911; insularis Okhotina, 1984 [nomen nudum]; insularis Okhotina, 1993 [not Cowan, 1944]; karpinskii Dehnel, 1949; koreni G. Allen, 1914; kurilensis Okhotina, 1984 [nomen nudum]; lapponicus Melander, 1942; longicaudatus Okhotina, 1984 [nomen nudum]; longicaudatus Okhotina, 1993 [not longicaudatus Kishida, 1930, nomen nudum, not longicaudatus Yoshikuru, 1956]; macropygmaeus Miller, 1901; orii Kuroda, 1933; pleskei Ognev, 1922; rozanovi Ognev, 1922; saevus Thomas, 1907; tasicus Ognev, 1933; tungussensis Naumoff, 1933.	Taiga and tundra zones from E Europe to E Siberia, south to C Ukraine, N Kazakhstan, Altai Mtns, Mongolia, Gansu and NE China, Korea, Sakhalin, and Japan (Hokkaido).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Sorex, S. caecutiens group. Karyotype has 2n = 42, FN = 68-70. This species still offers many unsolved problems, along with the species of the tundrensis and arcticus groups. Names like cansulus, granarius, and shinto have been included in caecutiens in the past but are presently included in other species or treated as separate species; see Hoffmann (1987) for a discussion of problems. The European range was reviewed by Sulkava (1990). Okhotina (1993) revised the subspecies taxonomy in the Far East; two of the names that she had proposed were replaced by Hutterer and Zaitsev (2004). Ohdachi et al. (2001) studied the mtDNA variation of the species and found distinct clusters in Hokkaido (= saevus) and Eurasian Far East.	Laxmann's Shrew
13700477	Sorex camtschatica	Yudin 1972	SPECIES			camtschatica	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Teriologiya vol.1 p.48			Russia, S Kamchatka Peninsula.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Otisorex; S. cinereus group (Demboski and Cook, 2003). Formerly included in cinereus (van Zyll de Jong, 1982) but now recognized as a full species (Ivanitskaya and Kozlovsky, 1983; van Zyll de Jong, 1991b).	Kamchatka Shrew
13700478	Sorex cansulus	Thomas 1912	SPECIES			cansulus	Sorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.10 p.398			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Subgenus Sorex, related to tundrensis. The species was recognized by Hoffmann (1987); no specimens other than the type series are known.	Gansu Shrew
13700571	Sorex palustris subsp. hydrobadistes	Jackson 1926	SUBSPECIES		hydrobadistes	palustris	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700495	Sorex dispar subsp. dispar	Batchelder 1911	SUBSPECIES		dispar	dispar	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.24 p.97						
13700496	Sorex dispar subsp. blitchi	Schwartz 1956	SUBSPECIES		blitchi	dispar	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700497	Sorex emarginatus	Jackson 1925	SPECIES			emarginatus	unnamed subgenus, see comments	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.38 p.129			Durango, Zacatecas, and Jalisco (Mexico).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Referred to unnamed subgenus by George (1988:456). Findley (1955b) considered this a subspecies of oreopolus; however, oreopolus belongs to subgenus Otisorex (Diersing and Hoffmeister, 1977). For biological and distributional information, see Alvarez and Polaco (1984) and Matson and Baker (1986).	Zacatecas Shrew
13700479	Sorex cinereus	Kerr 1792	SPECIES			cinereus	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Animal Kingdom p.206		acadicus  Gilpin, 1867; fontinalis Hollister, 1911; hollisteri Jackson, 1900; lesueurii (Duvernoy, 1842); miscix Bangs, 1899; ohionensis Bole and Moulthrop, 1942; streatori Merriam, 1895. <u>Not allocated to subspecies</u>: cooperi Bachman, 1837; forsteri Richardson, 1828; frankstounensis Peterson, 1926; idahoensis Merriam, 1891; nigriculus Green, 1932; personatus I. Geoffroy, 1827; platyrhinus (De Kay, 1842).	North America throughout Alaska and Canada and southward along the Rocky and Appalachian Mtns to 45°.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Type species of subgenus Otisorex, and of S. cinereus group. Does not occur in Siberia as previously suggested; the taxa haydeni, jacksoni, ugyunak, portenkoi, leucogaster, beringianus, and camtschatica have been included previously but are now considered as separate species; see comments under these taxa and Junge and Hoffmann (1981, and references therein), van Zyll de Jong (1982, 1991b), van Zyll de Jong and Kirkland (1989), and Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987). S. fontinalis was separated from cinereus by Kirkland (1977), Junge and Hoffmann (1981), and Jones et al. (1992), but is considered, together with lesueurii, as a subspecies (van Zyll de Jong and Kirkland, 1989). However, George's (1988) data indicate it is a sister taxon to both cinereus and haydeni. Paraphyly and/or mtDNA introgression of cinereus and haydeni documented by Stewart and Baker (199... [truncated]	Cinereus Shrew
13700481	Sorex cinereus subsp. acadicus	Gilpin 1867	SUBSPECIES		acadicus	cinereus	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700482	Sorex cinereus subsp. fontinalis	Hollister 1911	SUBSPECIES		fontinalis	cinereus	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700483	Sorex cinereus subsp. hollisteri	Jackson 1900	SUBSPECIES		hollisteri	cinereus	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700484	Sorex cinereus subsp. lesueurii	Duvernoy 1842	SUBSPECIES		lesueurii	cinereus	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700485	Sorex cinereus subsp. miscix	Bangs 1899	SUBSPECIES		miscix	cinereus	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700486	Sorex cinereus subsp. ohionensis	Bole and Moulthrop 1942	SUBSPECIES		ohionensis	cinereus	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700487	Sorex cinereus subsp. streatori	Merriam 1895	SUBSPECIES		streatori	cinereus	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700503	Sorex gracillimus	Thomas 1907	SPECIES			gracillimus	Sorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1907 p.408		granti  Okhotina, 1993 [not Barrett-Hamilton and Hinton, 1913]; hyojironis Kuroda, 1939; minor Okhotina, 1993; minor Okhotina, 1984 [nomen nudum]; natalae Okhotina, 1993.	SE Siberia from S shore of the Sea of Okhotsk to N Korea and probably Manchuria; Sakhalin Isl; Hokkaido (Japan).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Sorex, S. gracillimus group. Karyotype has 2n = 36, FN = 62 (Sakhalin). This species has long been included in minutus but its specific status is now widely accepted on the basis of penial (Dolgov and Lukanova, 1966) and cranial (Hutterer, 1979) morphology, karyotype (Orlov and Bulatova, 1983), and allozyme data (George, 1988). The inclusion of hyojironis follows Corbet (1978c) and is tentative. Okhotina (1993) studied the geographic variation of the species. One of the subspecies that she distinguished requires renaming (Hutterer and Zaitsev, 2004). A study of mtDNA variation over most of its range was performed by Ohdachi et al. (2001).	Slender Shrew
13700504	Sorex gracillimus subsp. gracillimus	Thomas 1907	SUBSPECIES		gracillimus	gracillimus	Sorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1907 p.408						
13700505	Sorex gracillimus subsp. granti	Okhotina 1993	SUBSPECIES		granti	gracillimus	Sorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	[not Barrett-Hamilton and Hinton, 1913]						
13700506	Sorex gracillimus subsp. hyojironis	Kuroda 1939	SUBSPECIES		hyojironis	gracillimus	Sorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700507	Sorex gracillimus subsp. minor	Okhotina 1993	SUBSPECIES		minor	gracillimus	Sorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700508	Sorex gracillimus subsp. natalae	Okhotina 1993	SUBSPECIES		natalae	gracillimus	Sorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700572	Sorex palustris subsp. labradorensis	Burt 1938	SUBSPECIES		labradorensis	palustris	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700509	Sorex granarius	Miller 1910	SPECIES			granarius	Sorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.6 p.458			W to C Iberian Peninsula (Portugal and Spain).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Sorex, S. araneus group. Karyotype has 2n = 36/37, FN 38-40. Afforded specific rank by Hausser et al. (1975); reviewed by Hausser (1990) and García-Perea et al. (1997, Mammalian Species No. 554).	Iberian Shrew
13700510	Sorex haydeni	Baird 1857	SPECIES			haydeni	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Mammalia, in Repts. U.S. Expl. Surv. vol.8 1 p.29			SE Alberta, S Saskatchewan, SW Manitoba (Canada); NW Montana southeast to Kansas, east to W and S Minnesota (USA).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Otisorex; S. cinereus group (Demboski and Cook, 2003). Karyotype has 2n = 64, FN = 66. Formerly included in but now separated from cinereus by van Zyll de Jong (1980) and Junge and Hoffmann (1981); both species are closely related (George, 1988). S. haydeni occurs in grassy habitats while S. cinereus prefers forest and woodland (van Zyll de Jong, 1980). In Minnesota, Stewart and Baker (1994, 1997) and Brunet et al. (2002) found evidence of introgression between haydeni and cinereus.	Prairie Shrew
13700539	Sorex monticolus subsp. elassodon	Osgood 1901	SUBSPECIES		elassodon	monticolus	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700511	Sorex hosonoi	Imaizumi 1954	SPECIES			hosonoi	Sorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo vol.35 p.94		shiroumanus  Imaizumi, 1954.	Montane forests of C Honshu (Japan).	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Subgenus Sorex. Imaizumi (1970b) reported that hosonoi occurs sympatrically with shinto and therefore should be considered as separate species (Corbet, 1978c). Ohdachi et al. (1997a, 2001) demonstrated that the species is genetically related to minutissimus.	Azumi Shrew
13700512	Sorex hoyi	Baird 1857	SPECIES			hoyi	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Mammalia, in Repts. U.S. Expl. Surv. vol.8 1 p.32		intervectus  (Jackson, 1925); washingtoni (Jackson, 1925); alnorum Preble, 1902; eximius Osgood, 1901; montanus (Brown, 1966) [not (Kelaart, 1850), not Skalon and Rajevsky, 1940, infrasubspecific name]; thompsoni Baird, 1858; winnemana (Preble, 1910).	N taiga zone of Alaska, Canada and the USA, with S outliers in the montane forests of the Appalachian and Rocky Mtns.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Formerly in Microsorex, which is a synonym of subgenus Otisorex, according to George (1988). Includes thompsoni since Diersing (1980b), but D. T. Stewart (in litt.) suggested that it may be a distinct species, as previously postulated by Long (1972b). Reviewed by Long (1974, Mammalian Species No. 33) and Junge and Hoffmann (1981). Sorex browni George, 1988 [replacement name for minutus (Brown, 1908), not Linnaeus, 1766] is the name for a Wisconsinan shrew related, if not conspecific, with S. hoyi. The name montanus used by Long (in Wilson and Ruff, 1999) for the Colorado and Wyoming population is a secondary homonym of S. montanus Kelaart (now Suncus montanus), and may therefore persist (Hutterer and Zaitsev, 2004). Karyotype insufficently known; Meylan (1968) provisionally identified 2n = 62, FN = 72.	American Pygmy Shrew
13700513	Sorex hoyi subsp. hoyi	Baird 1857	SUBSPECIES		hoyi	hoyi	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Mammalia, in Repts. U.S. Expl. Surv. vol.8 1 p.32						
13700514	Sorex hoyi subsp. alnorum	Preble 1902	SUBSPECIES		alnorum	hoyi	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700515	Sorex hoyi subsp. eximius	Osgood 1901	SUBSPECIES		eximius	hoyi	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700516	Sorex hoyi subsp. montanus	Brown 1966	SUBSPECIES		montanus	hoyi	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha						Not (Kelaart, 1850), not Skalon and Rajevsky, 1940, infrasubspecific name.	
13700519	Sorex isodon	Turov 1924	SPECIES			isodon	Sorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris p.111		gravesi  Goodwin, 1933; isodon Stroganov, 1936; montanus Skalon and Rajevsky, 1940 [infrasubspecific name]; montanus Pavlinov, Borisenko, Kruskop and Yahontov, 1995; princeps Skalon and Rajevsky, 1940; ruthenus Stroganov, 1936; sachalinensis Okhotina, 1984 [nomen nudum]; sachalinensis Okhotina, 1993.	SE Norway and Finland through Siberia to the Pacific coast; Kamchatka; Sakhalin Isl; Kurile Isls; also NE China and Korea (Han et al., 2000b).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Sorex, S. caecutiens group. Karyotype has 2n = 42, FN = 70. Probably not conspecific with sinalis as suggested by Corbet (1978c) and Dolgov (1985); see Siivonen (1965) and Hoffmann (1987). Because the well established name isodon Turov is formally not available, and because isodon Stroganov is antedated by gravesi Goodwin, Hoffmann (1987) suggested that isodon be declared the valid name; the case still needs to be submitted to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. The species was reviewed by Sulkava (1990). The recently described isodon marchicus (Passarge, 1984) belongs to araneus; see Brünner et al. (2002c).	Taiga Shrew
13700573	Sorex palustris subsp. navigator	Baird 1858	SUBSPECIES		navigator	palustris	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700574	Sorex palustris subsp. punctulatus	Hooper 1942	SUBSPECIES		punctulatus	palustris	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700575	Sorex palustris subsp. turneri	Johnson 1951	SUBSPECIES		turneri	palustris	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700595	Sorex sonomae subsp. tenelliodus	Carraway 1990	SUBSPECIES		tenelliodus	sonomae	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700520	Sorex jacksoni	Hall and Gilmore 1932	SPECIES			jacksoni	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Univ. California Publ. Zool. vol.38 p.392			Known only from St. Lawrence Isl (Bering Sea).	IUCN  Endangered.	Subgenus Otisorex; S. cinereus group (Demboski and Cook, 2003). Placed in the arcticus species group by Hall and Gilmore (1932) and in the cinereus species group by Hoffmann and Peterson (1967). Separated from cinereus by Junge and Hoffmann (1981). Van Zyll de Jong (1982) included leucogaster (= beringianus), portenkoi, and ugyunak in this species, but van Zyll de Jong (1991b) retained all three as distinct. Rausch and Rausch (1995) included jacksoni as a subspecies in S. cinereus based on identical karyotypes (2n = 66, FN = 70), but Demboski and Cook (2003) found a nonsister relationship between S. cinereus and S. jacksoni in their genetic analysis of the group.	St. Lawrence Island Shrew
13700521	Sorex kozlovi	Stroganov 1952	SPECIES			kozlovi	Sorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Byull. Moscow Ova. Ispyt. Prir. Otd. Biol. vol.57 p.21			SE Tibet (China).	IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Subgenus Sorex, S. minutus group. Type species of subgenus Eurosorex Stroganov, 1952. Known for long from a single specimen, until a near-topotype (USNM 449080) was obtained in 1987 (Hoffmann, 1996a). Regarded as a subspecies of thibetanus by some authors (Dolgov and Hoffmann, 1977; Hoffmann, 1987, 1996a, b) or included in buchariensis by others (Corbet, 1978c; Gureev, 1979). Hutterer (1979) recognized inconsistencies in the various published figures and descriptions of the same holotype specimen and regarded kozlovi as a doubtful taxon; see also under buchariensis and thibetanus.	Kozlov's Shrew
13700540	Sorex monticolus subsp. insularis	Cowan 1941	SUBSPECIES		insularis	monticolus	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	[not Okhotina, 1993]						
13700522	Sorex leucogaster	Kuroda 1933	SPECIES			leucogaster	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Bull. Biogeogr. Soc. Japan vol.3 3 p.155		beringianus  Yudin, 1967.	Probably confined to Paramushir Isl, south of Kamchatka Peninsula.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Subgenus Otisorex, S. cinereus group (Demboski and Cook, 2003). Karyotype has 2n = 66, FN = 70. Formerly included in cinereus or gracillimus (Corbet, 1978c); includes beringianus Yudin, 1967. On the status, authorship and valid date of publication see Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987). Related to jacksoni and ugyunak (van Zyll de Jong, 1982, 1991b).	Paramushir Shrew
13700523	Sorex longirostris	Bachman 1837	SPECIES			longirostris	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.7 p.370		bachmani  (Pomel, 1848); wagneri Fitzinger, 1868; eonis Davis, 1957; fisheri Merriam, 1895.	SE USA, Florida west to Louisiana, Arkansas, Missouri, Illinois, and Indiana; Virginia and N Carolina.	U.S. ESA  Delisted Taxon as S. l. fisheri; IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Otisorex, S. cinereus species group (Demboski and Cook, 2003). As pointed out by Junge and Hoffmann (1981), this species is inappropriately named because it has one of the shortest rostra of North American Sorex. Junge and Hoffmann (1981) also suggested that shrews of the Great Dismal Swamp described as fisheri and traditionally included in longirostris as a subspecies are much larger and may represent a valid species. Reviewed by French (1980, Mammalian Species No. 143). Part of range mapped in detail by Pagels and Handley (1989) and Pagels et al. (1982).	Southeastern Shrew
13700524	Sorex longirostris subsp. longirostris	Bachman 1837	SUBSPECIES		longirostris	longirostris	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.7 p.370						
13700525	Sorex longirostris subsp. eonis	Davis 1957	SUBSPECIES		eonis	longirostris	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700526	Sorex longirostris subsp. fisheri	Merriam 1895	SUBSPECIES		fisheri	longirostris	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700527	Sorex lyelli	Merriam 1902	SPECIES			lyelli	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.15 p.75			Altitudes above 2000 m in the Sierra Nevada, California (USA).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Otisorex; member of the cinereus species group. Related to milleri, according to van Zyll de Jong (1991b).	Mt. Lyell Shrew
13700532	Sorex minutissimus	Zimmermann 1780	SPECIES			minutissimus		Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Geogr. Gesch. Mensch. Vierf. Thiere vol.2 p.385		abnormis  Stroganov, 1949; barabensis Stroganov, 1956; burneyi Thomas, 1915; caudata Yudin, 1964; czekanovskii Naumoff, 1933; exilis Gmelin, 1788; hawkeri Thomas, 1906; ishikawai Yoshiyuki, 1988; karelicus Stroganov, 1949; minimus Gmelin, 1793; neglectus Ognev, 1922; praeminutus Heller, 1963; stroganovi Yudin, 1964; tscherskii Ognev, 1913; tschuktschorum Stroganov, 1949; ussuriensis Ognev, 1922.	Taiga zone from Norway, Sweden and Estonia to E Siberia; Sakhalin; Hokkaido, and perhaps Honshu (Japan); Mongolia; China; South Korea.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Sorex or Eurosorex, S. caecutiens group. Karyotype has 2n= 38 (Finland) or 42 (Siberia), FN = 74. Yoshiyuki (1988a) recognized nine subspecies, but the evidence seems to be weak, and none is recognized here. Ohdachi et al. (1997b) identified a sister relationship between S. minutissimus and S. hosonoi.	Eurasian Least Shrew
13700533	Sorex minutus	Linnaeus 1766	SPECIES			minutus	Sorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Syst. Nat., 12th ed. vol.l p.73		becki  Lehmann, 1963; canaliculatus Ljungh, 1806; carpetanus Rey, 1971; exiguus Brink, 1952; exilis Gmelin, 1788; gymnurus Chaworth-Musters, 1932; heptapotamicus Stroganov, 1956; hibernicus Jenys, 1838; insulaebellae Heim de Balsac, 1940; kastchenkoi Johansen, 1923; lucanius Miller, 1909; melanderi Ognev, 1928; minimus Geoffroy, 1811; pumilio Wagler, 1832; pumilus Nilsson, 1844; pygmaeus Laxmann, 1769; rusticus Jenys, 1838.	Europe to Yenesei River and Lake Baikal, south to Altai and Tien Shan Mtns; populations of Nepal and China have been alternatively identified as minutus or thibetanus; populations of Turkey and the Caucasus as minutus or volnuchini; populations of Kashmir and N Pakistan as minutus, planiceps, or thibetanus.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Sorex, S. caecutiens group. Formerly included gracillimus and volnuchini, which are each now accepted as specifically distinct; see comments therein. Corbet (1978c) included also planiceps and thibetanus; but see Dolgov and Hoffmann (1977), Hoffmann (1996a, b) and Hutterer (1979). The European populations of minutus were revised by Hutterer (1990, 1999). Karyotype has 2n = 42, FN = 56 (Zima et al., 1998), but 2n = 40 and 36 in the Baltic islands +land and Gotland (Fredga et al., 1995).	Eurasian Pygmy Shrew
13700534	Sorex mirabilis	Ognev 1937	SPECIES			mirabilis	Ognevia	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Byull. Moscow Ova. Ispyt. Prir. Otd. Biol. vol.46 5 p.268		kutscheruki  Stroganov, 1956.	N and S Korea, NE China, and Ussuri region (Russia).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Placed in monotypic subgenus Ognevia by Heptner and Dolgov (1967), who demonstrated that mirabilis is not conspecific with pacificus, as had been suggested earlier (Bobrinskii et al., 1965). Hutterer (1982b) suggested a closer relationship with Sorex (Homalurus) alpinus because of shared derived features of genital morphology. Karyotype has 2n = 38, FN = 66 (Zima et al., 1998).	Ussuri Shrew
13700553	Sorex orizabae	Merriam 1895	SPECIES			orizabae	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	North American Fauna vol.10 p.71			Endemic to Mexico; in Distrito Federal, México, Michoacán, Morelos, Puebla, Tlaxcala, and Veracruz (Carraway, ms).	IUCN  Lower Risk (nt) as included in S. oreopolus.	Subgenus Otisorex. Contrary to Findley (1955b), this species does not include emarginatus or ventralis, which Diersing and Hoffmeister (1977) placed in the subgenus Sorex. S. orizabae was included in vagrans by Hennings and Hoffmann (1977:8), later included in oreopolus by Junge and Hoffmann (1981:43), and most recently considered a separate species by Carraway (ms).	Orizaba Long-tailed Shrew
13700535	Sorex monticolus	Merriam 1890	SPECIES			monticolus	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	N. Am. Fauna vol.3 p.43		durangae  Jackson, 1928; melanogenys Hall, 1932; alascensis Merriam, 1895; glacialis Merriam, 1900; calvertensis Cowan, 1941; elassodon Osgood, 1901; insularis Cowan, 1941 [not Okhotina, 1993]; isolatus Jackson, 1922; longicaudus Merriam, 1895; malitiosus Jackson, 1919; obscurus Merriam, 1891; longiquus Findley, 1955; obscuroides Findley, 1955; similis Merriam, 1891 [not of Hensel, 1855]; parvidens Jackson, 1921; prevostensis Osgood, 1901; setosus Elliot, 1899; mixtus Hall, 1938; shumaginensis Merriam, 1900; soperi Anderson and Rand, 1945.	Montane boreal and coastal coniferous forest and alpine areas from Alaska to California and New Mexico, east to Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado (USA) and to W Manitoba (Canada); Chihuahua, Durango (Mexico).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Otisorex. S. vagrans complex (Carraway, 1990) or "dusky shrew complex" (Demboski and Cook, 2001). Includes obscurus and durangae, which were previously included in vagrans and saussurei respectively; see Hennings and Hoffmann (1977) and map in Junge and Hoffmann (1981); other synonyms follow van Zyll de Jong (1983a) and George and Smith (1991). Related to pacificus (see George, 1988). Reviewed by Smith and Belk (1996, Mammalian Species No. 528), and by Alexander (1996). Phylogeography of the entire complex analyzed by Demboski and Cook (2001).	Dusky Shrew
13700536	Sorex monticolus subsp. monticolus	Merriam 1890	SUBSPECIES		monticolus	monticolus	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	N. Am. Fauna vol.3 p.43						
13700537	Sorex monticolus subsp. alascensis	Merriam 1895	SUBSPECIES		alascensis	monticolus	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700566	Sorex palustris	Richardson 1828	SPECIES			palustris	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Zool. J. vol.3 p.517		acadicus  (Allen, 1915) [not Gilpin, 1867]; albibarbis (Cope, 1862); brooksi Anderson, 1934; gloveralleni Jackson, 1926; hydrobadistes Jackson, 1926; labradorensis Burt, 1938; navigator (Baird, 1858); punctulatus Hooper, 1942; turneri Johnson, 1951.	Montane and boreal areas of North America below the tree line from Alaska to the Sierra Nevada, Rocky and Appalachian Mtns.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Formerly placed in genus Neosorex Baird; now in Sorex, subgenus Otisorex, S. vagrans complex (Demboski and Cook, 2001; Fumagalli et al., 1999). Reviewed by Beneski and Stinson (1987, Mammalian Species No. 296), who recognized 9 subspecies. They did not include alaskanus as suggested by Junge and Hoffmann (1981:28) and Hall (1981:43); George (1988) and Carraway (1995) also treated alaskanus as distinct.	American Water Shrew
13700567	Sorex palustris subsp. palustris	Richardson 1828	SUBSPECIES		palustris	palustris	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Zool. J. vol.3 p.517						
13700577	Sorex portenkoi	Stroganov 1956	SPECIES			portenkoi	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. Inst. Biol. W. Siberian Branch Acad. Sci. USSR, Zool. vol.1 p.11-14			NE Siberia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Otisorex; S. cinereus group (Demboski and Cook, 2003). Originally described as a subspecies of cinereus and treated as such by Yudin (1972) and Okhotina (1977), then included in ugyunak (Ivanitskaya and Kozlovsky, 1985), but recently recognized as a distinct species by Zaitsev (1988), and van Zyll de Jong (1991b), who, however, pointed out its close relationship to jacksoni and ugyunak.	Portenko's Shrew
13700578	Sorex preblei	Jackson 1922	SPECIES			preblei	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	J. Wash. Acad. Sci. vol.12 p.263			Columbia Plateau of Washington, Oregon, California, Idaho, Nevada to W Great Plains of Montana, Utah, Wyoming, Colorado, and New Mexico (USA). For reviews of distributional records, see Tomasi and Hoffmann (1984) and Long and Hoffmann (1992).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Otisorex; S. cinereus group (Demboski and Cook, 2003). Reviewed by Cornely et al. (1992, Mammalian Species No. 416).	Preble's Shrew
13700579	Sorex pribilofensis	Merriam 1895	SPECIES			pribilofensis	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	N. Amer. Fauna vol.10 p.87		? hydrodromus  Dobson, 1889.	Recently known only from St. Paul in the Bering Sea Isls (Pribilof Isls).	IUCN  Endangered as S. hydrodromus.	Subgenus Otisorex; S. cinereus group (Demboski and Cook, 2003). There exists some discrepancy in the literature on the correct name for this species. Dobson's hydrodromus would have priority, but the type locality (Unalaska Isl) may be incorrect, and the holotype specimen shows dental characters of the Sorex araneus group (Rausch and Rausch, 1997). Hoffmann and Peterson (1967) proposed to suppress hydrodromus in favour of pribilofensis, a suggestion followed by van Zyll de Jong (1991b). However, Yudin (1969), Baranova et al. (1981), Hall (1981), Junge and Hoffmann (1981), Honacki et al. (1982), and Hutterer (1993a) retained hydrodromus, while Gureev (1979) listed both hydrodromus and pribilofensis as species. Rausch and Rausch (1997) discussed in detail the complex taxonomic history of this species and described its unique karyotype (2n = 55, FN = 67). Demboski and Cook (2003) included it in the ... [truncated]	Pribilof Island Shrew
13700580	Sorex raddei	Satunin 1895	SPECIES			raddei	Sorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Arch. Naturgesch. vol.l p.109		batis  Thomas, 1913; caucasicus Satunin, 1913.	Transcaucasia and N Turkey.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Sorex; S. raddei group (Fumagalli et al., 1999). Includes batis (Corbet, 1978c) and caucasicus which in turn now must be called satunini (see comments therein and Pavlinov and Rossolimo, 1987). Karyotype has 2n = 36, FN = 68 (Zima et al., 1998).	Radde's Shrew
13700597	Sorex tenellus	Merriam 1895	SPECIES			tenellus	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	N. Am. Fauna vol.10 p.81		myops  Merriam, 1902.	Mountains of WC Nevada and EC California (USA).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Otisorex. Similar to nanus with which it may form an allospecies (Hoffmann and Owen, 1980, Mammalian Species No. 131), but George (1988) retained both as separate species on the basis of allozyme frequencies.	Inyo Shrew
13700588	Sorex shinto	Thomas 1905	SPECIES			shinto	Sorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1905 23 p.19		chouei  Imaizumi, 1954; sadonis Yoshiyuki and Imaizumi, 1986; shikokensis Abe, 1967.	Honshu, Shikoku, and Sado (Japan).	IUCN  Endangered as S. sadonis; otherwise Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Sorex. S. caecutiens group. Karyotype has 2n = 42, FN = 70. Included in caecutiens by Abe (1967) and Corbet (1978c), but Imaizumi (1970b) treated shinto as a separate species, a view supported by Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987), and by the allozyme data of George (1988). Ohdachi et al. (1997a) used mitochondrial gene sequences to show that both species occur in Japan: caecutiens in Hokkaido, and shinto in Honshu, Shikoku, and Sado. These authors also provided evidence that sadonis and shikokensis should be included in shinto; S. sadonis had been treated as a separate species before. Yoshiyuki and Imaizumi (1986) assigned the species to "the caecutiens arcticus section of the minutus group." Dokuchaev et al. (1999) studied the geographical variation of shinto and found that all three island populations are morphometrically distinct.	Shinto Shrew
13700589	Sorex shinto subsp. shinto	Thomas 1905	SUBSPECIES		shinto	shinto	Sorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1905 23 p.19						
13700591	Sorex shinto subsp. shikokensis	Abe 1967	SUBSPECIES		shikokensis	shinto	Sorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700592	Sorex sinalis	Thomas 1912	SPECIES			sinalis	Sorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.10 p.398			C and W China.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Subgenus Sorex. Formerly regarded as conspecific with isodon; see Corbet (1978c) and Hoffmann (1987) for discussion and specific boundaries.	Chinese Shrew
13700593	Sorex sonomae	Jackson 1921	SPECIES			sonomae	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	J. Mammal. vol.2 p.162		tenelliodus  Carraway, 1990.	Pacific coast from Oregon to N California (USA).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Otisorex. S. vagrans complex (Carraway, 1990). The small and morphologically distinct subspecies tenelliodus may well be a good species.	Fog Shrew
13700594	Sorex sonomae subsp. sonomae	Jackson 1921	SUBSPECIES		sonomae	sonomae	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	J. Mammal. vol.2 p.162						
13700598	Sorex thibetanus	Kastschenko 1905	SPECIES			thibetanus		Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Izv. Tomsk. Univ. vol.27 p.93			Himalyas and NE Tibet.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	The pygmy shrews of the Himalayas are still a subject of controversy. The original description of thibetanus (as a subspecies of minutus) is not very informative; the holotype in the Tomsk Academy was considered to be lost (Yudin, pers. comm. 1977), which is why Hutterer (1979) regarded thibetanus as a nomen dubium. Dolgov and Hoffmann (1977) and later Hoffmann (1987) used thibetanus to define a Himalayan species in which they included buchariensis, kozlovi, planiceps, and specimens from Nepal and China reported as minutus by various authors. Hutterer (1979) instead recognized three species, buchariensis, planiceps, and minutus as occurring in the Himalayas and regarded kozlovi and thibetanus as indeterminable. Zaitsev (1988) pointed out differences between buchariensis and thibetanus. Surprisingly, the holotype of thibetanus turned up in the Zoological Museum o... [truncated]	Tibetan Shrew
13700599	Sorex trowbridgii	Baird 1857	SPECIES			trowbridgii	unnamed subgenus, see comments	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Mammalia, in Repts. U.S. Expl. Surv. vol.8 1 p.13		destructioni  Scheffer and Dalquest, 1942; humboldtensis Jackson, 1922; mariposae Grinnell, 1913; montereyensis Merriam, 1895.	Coastal ranges from Washington (including Destruction Isl) to California (USA); SW British Columbia (Canada).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Referred to unnamed subgenus by George (1988:456). Karyotype variable, 2n = 31-42, FN = 56-60 (Zima et al., 1998). Karyotype data analyzed by Ivanitskaya (1994) also place S. trowbridgii on a distinct branch in her cladogram. Reviewed by George (1989, Mammalian Species No. 337).	Trowbridge's Shrew
13700600	Sorex trowbridgii subsp. trowbridgii	Baird 1857	SUBSPECIES		trowbridgii	trowbridgii	unnamed subgenus, see comments	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Mammalia, in Repts. U.S. Expl. Surv. vol.8 1 p.13						
13700621	Sorex volnuchini	Ognev 1922	SPECIES			volnuchini	Sorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mus. Zool. Akad. St. Petersbourg vol.22 p.322		colchica  Sokolov and Tembotov, 1989; dahli Zagorodnyuk, 1996.	S Russia and Caucasus States; Turkey and N Iran. Perhaps also Crimea, Ukraine.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Sorex, S. minutus group. Formerly included in minutus but specimens from Caucasus have a slighly different karyotype (2n = 40, FN = 60) which led Kozlovsky (1973) and Sokolov and Tembotov (1989) to regard volnuchini as a full species. The karyotype of S. buchariensis is very similar (Ivanitskaya et al., 1977). Zaitsev and Osipova (2003) were able to distinguish volnuchini morphologically from minutus; they also documented Pleistocene records for volnuchini. Zagorodnyuk (1996c) described the population of Crimea as subspecies dahli, in contrast to the smaller minutus inhabiting mainland Ukraine. Krytufek and Vohralík (2001) demonstrated that Turkish populations (except those from Thrace) represent S. volnuchini.	Caucasian Pygmy Shrew
13700605	Sorex tundrensis	Merriam 1900	SPECIES			tundrensis	Sorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. vol.2 p.16		amasari  Ognev, 1922; amazari Ognev, 1928; baikalensis Ognev, 1913; borealis Kastchenko, 1905; centralis Thomas, 1911; irkutensis Ognev, 1933; jenissejensis Dudelski, 1930; khankae Baranova and Zaitsev, 2003 [replacement name for stroganovi Okhotina, 1984 (not Yudin, 1964, not Yudin, 1989)]; margarita Fetisov, 1950; middendorfii Ognev, 1933; parvicaudatus Okhotina, 1976; petschorae Ognev, 1922; schnitnikovi Ognev, 1922; sibiriensis Ognev, 1922; transrypheus Stroganov, 1956; ultimus G. Allen, 1914; ussuriensis Okhotina, 1983 [not Ognev, 1922].	Sakhalin Isl; Siberia, from the Pechora River to Chukotka, south to the Altai Mtns; Mongolia and NE China; Alaska (USA); Yukon, Northwest Territories (Canada).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Sorex, S. tundrensis group (Fumagalli et al., 1999). Youngman (1975) provided evidence that tundrensis is specifically distinct from arcticus. Palearctic populations formerly referred to arcticus were included in tundrensis by Junge et al. (1983) and Okhotina (1983). Hoffmann (1987) and van Zyll de Jong (1991b) discussed additional aspects of its taxonomy and distribution. Karyotype variable: 2n = 31-41, FN 56-60 in Siberia, 2n = 32/33, FN = 58 in Yukon, and 2n = 32/33, FN = 62 in C Alaska. Kozlovsky (1976) found irkutensis and sibiriensis to be karyotypically distinct; possibly two sibling species occur throughout the Palearctic range. Meylan and Hausser (1991) described a karyotype from Canada that was identical to some in Siberia.	Tundra Shrew
13700606	Sorex ugyunak	Anderson and Rand 1945	SPECIES			ugyunak	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Canadian Field Nat. vol.59 p.62			Mainland tundra west of Hudson Bay (Canada), and N Alaska (USA).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Otisorex; S. cinereus group (Demboski and Cook, 2003). Karyotype has 2n = 60, FN = 62. Formerly included in cinereus, but van Zyll de Jong (1976, 1991b) provided arguments for a specific destinction of ugyunak; genetically related to jacksoni, portenkoi, camtschatica, and pribilofensis (Demboski and Cook, 2003). See Junge and Hoffmann (1981) and van Zyll de Jong (1983a, and in Wilson and Ruff, 1999) for further information.	Barren Ground Shrew
13700607	Sorex unguiculatus	Dobson 1890	SPECIES			unguiculatus	Sorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6 vol.5 p.155		yesoensis  Kishida, 1924.	Pacific coast of Siberia from Vladivostok to the Amur, and the islands of Sakhalin (Russia) and Hokkaido (Japan); from Corbet (1978c).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Sorex, S. caecutiens group. Karyotype has 2n = 42, FN = 68-70. The inclusion of yesoensis follows Abe (1967). Skaren (1964) suggested a relationship with obscurus (= monticolus) but this was rejected by Siivonen (1965) and Hoffmann (1971).	Long-clawed Shrew
13700608	Sorex vagrans	Baird 1857	SPECIES			vagrans	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Mammalia, in Repts. U.S. Expl. Surv. vol.8 1 p.15		amoenus  Merriam, 1895; dobsoni Merriam, 1891; nevadensis Merriam, 1895; shastensis Merriam, 1899; sukleyi Baird, 1858; trigonirostris Jackson, 1922; vancouverensis Merriam, 1895; halicoetes Grinnell, 1913; paludivagus von Bloeker, 1939.	Riparian and montane areas of the N Great Basin and Columbia Plateau, north to S British Columbia and Vancouver Isl (Canada); east to W Montana, W Wyoming, and Wasatch Mtns (Utah); C Nevada to Sierra Nevada (California).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Otisorex. S. vagrans complex. Karyotype has 2n = 53-54, FN = 62-67 (Brown, 1974). Findley's (1955b) wide concept of the vagrans group was substantially modified by Hennings and Hoffmann (1977) and Junge and Hoffmann (1981). The group was partly revised by Carraway (1990). Demboski and Cook (2001) analyzed the phylogeography of the "dusky shrew complex" which overlaps with the S. vagrans complex of Carraway (1990).	Vagrant Shrew
13700612	Sorex ventralis	Merriam 1895	SPECIES			ventralis	unnamed subgenus, see comments	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	N. Am. Fauna vol.10 p.75			Endemic to Mexico; in Distrito Federal, México, Oaxaca, Puebla, and Tlaxcala (Carraway, ms).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Referred to unnamed subgenus by George (1988:456). Similar to saussurei but smaller; see Junge and Hoffmann (1981), who allocated the species to subgenus Sorex. Hall (1981) included ventralis in oreopolus.	Chestnut-bellied Shrew
13700613	Sorex veraecrucis	Jackson 1925	SPECIES			veraecrucis	unnamed subgenus, see comments	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.38 p.128		cristobalensis  Jackson, 1925; oaxacae Jackson, 1925.	Mexico, from Coahuila to Chiapas at elevations ranging from 1600 to 3650 m or more (Carraway, ms).		Referred to unnamed subgenus by George (1988:456, under S. saussurei). Previously included in S. saussurei (e.g., Junge and Hoffmann, 1981) but resurrected by Carraway (ms, 2003).	Veracruz Shrew
13700614	Sorex veraecrucis subsp. veraecrucis	Jackson 1925	SUBSPECIES		veraecrucis	veraecrucis	unnamed subgenus, see comments	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. vol.38 p.128						
13700615	Sorex veraecrucis subsp. cristobalensis	Jackson 1925	SUBSPECIES		cristobalensis	veraecrucis	unnamed subgenus, see comments	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha							
13700617	Sorex veraepacis	Alston 1877	SPECIES			veraepacis	Otisorex	Sorex	Soricidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1877 p.445		teculyas  (Alston, 1877); verae-pacis Alston, 1877; chiapensis Jackson, 1925; mutabilis Merriam, 1898; caudatus Merriam, 1895 [not Hodgson, 1849, not Horsfield, 1851].	Montane forests of C Guerrero, Puebla, and Veracruz, south through the highlands of Oaxaca and Chiapas (Mexico), to SW Guatemala.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subgenus Otisorex. Mexican subspecies according to Carraway (ms).	Verapaz Shrew
13700625	Talpidae	G. Fischer 1814	FAMILY						Talpidae	Soricomorpha	Zoognosia tabulis synopticis illustrate vol.3 p.x		Desmaninae Thomas, 1912; Myaladae Gray, 1821; Myogalidae A. Milne-Edwards, 1868; Myogalina Bonaparte, 1845; Scalopidae Cope, 1889; Talpinorum G. Fischer, 1814.			Subfamily systematics controversal. Cabrera (1925) proposed a division into five subfamilies, Yates (1984), Hutterer (1993a), and others used three subfamilies. Includes also the extinct Gaillardiinae Hutchison, 1968. Scalopinae is used here as a subfamily, contra Hutchison (1968) and others. Desmana and Galemys were often placed in a separate family, Desmanidae, or subfamily, Desmaninae; see Bobrinskii et al. (1965), and McKenna and Bell (1997). The present arrangement of subfamilies and tribes is mainly based on the genetic study of Shinohara et al. (2003). It deviates from the previous edition (Hutterer, 1993a) and from most other sources. Family reviewed by Gureev (1979); see also Gorman and Stone (1990). Relationships of recent moles discussed by Ziegler (1971), Yates and Moore (1990), Whidden (1990), and Shinohara et al. (2003). Systematics of North American forms reviewed by Yates and Greenbaum (1982); of Palearctic forms by Corbet (1978c); of ... [truncated]	
13700626	Scalopinae	Gill 1875	SUBFAMILY						Talpidae	Soricomorpha	Bull. Geol. Geogr. Surv. vol.1 2 p.106		Scalopeae Trouessart, 1879; Scalopes Gill, 1875; Scalopes Dobson, 1883.			Formerly included in the Talpinae, but Shinohara et al. (2003) convincingly showed that Condylura, Parascalops, Scalopus and Scapanus form a monophyletic clade distinct from the Talpinae, a conclusion reached earlier by Thomas (1912c).	
13700628	Condylura	Illiger 1811	GENUS					Condylura	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	Prodr. Syst. Mamm. Avium p.125	Sorex cristatus Linnaeus, 1758.	Astromycter Harris, 1825; Astromyctes Gray, 1843; Astromydes Blyth, 1863; Rhinaster Wagler, 1830; Talpasorex Schinz, 1821 [not Lesson, 1827].			Reviewed by Peterson and Yates (1980). Recorded from the Pliocene of Europe; see Skoczen (1976).	
13700629	Condylura cristata	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			cristata		Condylura	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.53		caudata  (Zimmermann, 1777); longicaudata (Erxleben, 1777); macroura Harlan, 1825; prasinata Harris, 1825; prasinatus (Harris, 1825); radiata (Shaw, 1800); radiatus (Shaw, 1800); nigra Smith, 1940; parva Paradiso, 1959.	Georgia and NW South Carolina (USA) to Nova Scotia and Labrador (Canada); Great Lakes region to SE Manitoba.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Peterson and Yates (1980, Mammalian Species No. 129) who included parva as a subspecies. However, Hartman (in Wilson and Ruff, 1999) stated that nigra is a synonym of parva, in which case nigra has priority. Karyotype has 2n=34, FN = 64 (Yates and Schmidly, 1975).	Star-nosed Mole
13700630	Condylura cristata subsp. cristata	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		cristata	cristata		Condylura	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.53						
14100010	Equus burchellii subsp. antiquorum	C. H. Smith 1841	SUBSPECIES		antiquorum	burchellii		Equus	Equidae	Perissodactyla							
13700635	Scalopus	E. Geoffroy 1803	GENUS					Scalopus	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	Cat. mamm. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. p.77	S[calopus]. virgianus E. Geoffroy, 1803 = Sorex aquaticus Linnaeus, 1758.	Hesperoscalops Hibbard, 1941; Scalops Illiger, 1811; Scalpos Brooks, 1910; Talpasorex Lesson, 1827 [not Schinz, 1821].			Reviewed by Yates and Schmidly (1978). For authorship of the genus, see Grubb (2001) and Opinion 2005 of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (2002b).	
13700636	Scalopus aquaticus	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			aquaticus		Scalopus	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.53		argentatus  (Audubon and Bachmann, 1842); cryptus Davis, 1942; cupreata (Rafinesque, 1814); intermedius Elliot, 1899; pennsylvanica (Harlan, 1825); aereus (Bangs, 1896); pulcher Jackson, 1914; sericea (Rafinesque, 1832); virginianus E. Geoffroy, 1803; alleni Baker, 1951; anastasae (Bangs, 1898); australis (Chapman, 1893); bassi Howell, 1939; caryi Jackson, 1914; howelli Jackson, 1914; inflatus Jackson, 1914; machrinoides Jackson, 1914; machrinus (Rafinesque, 1832); montanus Baker, 1951; nanus Davis, 1942; parvus (Rhoads, 1894); porteri Schwartz, 1952; texanus (J. A. Allen, 1891).	N Tamaulipas and N Coahuila (Mexico) through E USA to Massachusetts and Minnesota.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Subspecies taxonomy revised by Yates and Schmidly (1977). Yates and Schmidly (1978, Mammalian Species No. 105) and Yates (in Wilson and Ruff, 1999) listed sixteen subspecies. Gureev (1979:254) listed aereus and inflatus as distinct species without comment. Hall (1981:72) included aereus and inflatus in aquaticus. Karyotype has 2n = 34, FN = 64 (Yates and Schmidly, 1975).	Eastern Mole
13700638	Scalopus aquaticus subsp. aereus	Bangs 1896	SUBSPECIES		aereus	aquaticus		Scalopus	Talpidae	Soricomorpha							
13700639	Scalopus aquaticus subsp. alleni	Baker 1951	SUBSPECIES		alleni	aquaticus		Scalopus	Talpidae	Soricomorpha							
13700640	Scalopus aquaticus subsp. anastasae	Bangs 1898	SUBSPECIES		anastasae	aquaticus		Scalopus	Talpidae	Soricomorpha							
13700641	Scalopus aquaticus subsp. australis	Chapman 1893	SUBSPECIES		australis	aquaticus		Scalopus	Talpidae	Soricomorpha							
13700642	Scalopus aquaticus subsp. bassi	Howell 1939	SUBSPECIES		bassi	aquaticus		Scalopus	Talpidae	Soricomorpha							
13700643	Scalopus aquaticus subsp. caryi	Jackson 1914	SUBSPECIES		caryi	aquaticus		Scalopus	Talpidae	Soricomorpha							
13700644	Scalopus aquaticus subsp. howelli	Jackson 1914	SUBSPECIES		howelli	aquaticus		Scalopus	Talpidae	Soricomorpha							
13700645	Scalopus aquaticus subsp. inflatus	Jackson 1914	SUBSPECIES		inflatus	aquaticus		Scalopus	Talpidae	Soricomorpha							
13700646	Scalopus aquaticus subsp. machrinoides	Jackson 1914	SUBSPECIES		machrinoides	aquaticus		Scalopus	Talpidae	Soricomorpha							
13700656	Scapanus latimanus	Bachman 1842	SPECIES			latimanus		Scapanus	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	Boston J. Nat. Hist. vol.4 p.34		californicus  (Ayres, 1856); townsendii Peters, 1863; anthonyi J. A. Allen, 1893; campi Grinnell and Storer, 1916; caurinus F. G. Palmer, 1937; dilatus True, 1894; alpinus Merriam, 1897; truei Merriam, 1894; grinnelli Jackson, 1914; insularis F. G. Palmer, 1937; minusculus Bangs, 1899; monoensis Grinnell, 1918; occultus Grinnell and Swarth, 1912; parvus F. G. Palmer, 1937; sericatus Jackson, 1914.	SC Oregon (USA) to N Baja California (Mexico).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Hall (1981:69-70) listed 12 subspecies. Reviewed by Verts and Carraway (2001, Mammalian Species No. 666). Ceballos and Navarro (1991) listed anthonyi as a distinct species without further reference. Karyotype has 2n = 34, FN = 64 (Yates and Schmidly, 1975).	Broad-footed Mole
13700659	Scapanus latimanus subsp. campi	Grinnell and Storer 1916	SUBSPECIES		campi	latimanus		Scapanus	Talpidae	Soricomorpha							
13700660	Scapanus latimanus subsp. caurinus	F. G. Palmer 1937	SUBSPECIES		caurinus	latimanus		Scapanus	Talpidae	Soricomorpha							
13700661	Scapanus latimanus subsp. dilatus	True 1894	SUBSPECIES		dilatus	latimanus		Scapanus	Talpidae	Soricomorpha							
13700662	Scapanus latimanus subsp. grinnelli	Jackson 1914	SUBSPECIES		grinnelli	latimanus		Scapanus	Talpidae	Soricomorpha							
13700663	Scapanus latimanus subsp. insularis	F. G. Palmer 1937	SUBSPECIES		insularis	latimanus		Scapanus	Talpidae	Soricomorpha							
13700664	Scapanus latimanus subsp. minusculus	Bangs 1899	SUBSPECIES		minusculus	latimanus		Scapanus	Talpidae	Soricomorpha							
13700665	Scapanus latimanus subsp. monoensis	Grinnell 1918	SUBSPECIES		monoensis	latimanus		Scapanus	Talpidae	Soricomorpha							
13700666	Scapanus latimanus subsp. occultus	Grinnell and Swarth 1912	SUBSPECIES		occultus	latimanus		Scapanus	Talpidae	Soricomorpha							
13700667	Scapanus latimanus subsp. parvus	F. G. Palmer 1937	SUBSPECIES		parvus	latimanus		Scapanus	Talpidae	Soricomorpha							
13700668	Scapanus latimanus subsp. sericatus	Jackson 1914	SUBSPECIES		sericatus	latimanus		Scapanus	Talpidae	Soricomorpha							
13700669	Scapanus orarius	True 1896	SPECIES			orarius		Scapanus	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. vol.19 p.52		schefferi  Jackson, 1915; yakimensis Dalquest and Scheffer, 1944.	SW British Columbia (Canada) to NW California, WC Idaho, N Oregon, C and SE Washington (USA).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes schefferi as a subspecies; see Hartman and Yates (1985, Mammalian Species No. 253).	Coast Mole
13700670	Scapanus orarius subsp. orarius	True 1896	SUBSPECIES		orarius	orarius		Scapanus	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. vol.19 p.52						
13700671	Scapanus orarius subsp. schefferi	Jackson 1915	SUBSPECIES		schefferi	orarius		Scapanus	Talpidae	Soricomorpha							
13700672	Scapanus townsendii	Bachman 1839	SPECIES			townsendii		Scapanus	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.8 p.58		aeneus  (Cassin, 1853); laeniata (Le Conte, 1853); towsendii Pomel, 1848; olympicus Johnson and Yates, 1980.	SW British Columbia (Canada) to NW California (USA).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Reviewed by Carraway et al. (1993, Mammalian Species No. 434).	Townsends Mole
13700673	Scapanus townsendii subsp. townsendii	Bachman 1839	SUBSPECIES		townsendii	townsendii		Scapanus	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.8 p.58						
13700674	Scapanus townsendii subsp. olympicus	Johnson and Yates 1980	SUBSPECIES		olympicus	townsendii		Scapanus	Talpidae	Soricomorpha							
13700675	Talpinae	G. Fischer 1814	SUBFAMILY						Talpidae	Soricomorpha	Zoognosia tabulis synopticis illustrate vol.3 p.x		Desmaninae Thomas, 1912; Urotrichi Dobson, 1883.			Hutchison (1968), Storch and Qiu (1983), Hutterer (1993a), and other authors included also Condylurini and Scalopini, which are shifted here into Scalopinae, based on the the mtDNA phylogeny of Shinohara et al. (2001). The former Desmaninae are downgraded to tribal level, and a new tribe is proposed for the Neurotrichus lineage.	
13700676	Desmanini	Thomas 1912	TRIBE						Talpidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8 vol.10 p.397		Myaladae Gray, 1821; Myogalina Bonaparte, 1837; Mygalina Pomel, 1848; Myogalidae A. Milne-Edwards, 1868; Myogalinae Gill, 1875; Myogalini Winge, 1917.			Commonly regarded as a subfamily, sometimes even as a separate family; see Barabasch-Nikiforow (1975). Hutchinson (1974) concluded that Desmaninae and Talpidae were separated since the Eocene. Taxonomy of fossil and extant taxa reviewed by Rümke (1985). Distribution and status reviewed by Queiroz et al. (1996).	
13700678	Desmana moschata	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			moschata		Desmana	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.59		moschatus  Linnaeus, 1958; moscovitica (Geoffroy, 1811).	Russia, Ukraine, and Kazakhstan; Don, Volga, and Ural Rivers and their tributaries; introduced into Tachan and Tartas Rivers (Ob basin) and Dnepr River. Almost extinct in Belarus.	IUCN  Vulnerable.	Borodin (1963), Barabash-Nikiforov (1968, 1975), Khakhin and Ivanov (1990), and Queiroz et al. (1996) reviewed the morphology, distribution and ecology of the species. Dental formula discussed by Kawada et al. (2002c).	Desman
13700683	Neurotrichini	Hutterer 2005	TRIBE						Talpidae	Soricomorpha	Mammal Species of the World (Wilson and Reeder, eds.), 3rd ed. vol.1 p.pg???					<p>Type genus  Neurotrichus Günther, 1880. Definition  Extant species represents smallest New World talpid; semi-fossorial moles that spend much time and nest above ground; tail about half the length of head-and-body, thick, constricted at base, scaled, annulated, covered sparsely with long hairs; pelage black to blue-black; eyes rudimentary, pinnae absent; digitigrade, pentadactyle feet scaly; forefoot longer than broad, equipped with long curved claws; 6 weak tubercles on sole of hindfoot (Hall, 1981; Carraway and Verts, 1991, Mammalian Species 387); humerus shrew-like (Storch and Qiu, 1983); bullae incomplete; skull with broad braincase and wide interorbital constriction; zygoma short; 36 teeth, six upper and seven lower molariform teeth on each side; for details of the dentition and differences to Urotrichus, see Storch and Qiu (1983). Contents  Neurotrichus Günther, 1880; Quyania Storch and Qiu, 1983.</p><p>A molecular study by Shinohara et al. (2003... [truncated]	
13700684	Neurotrichus	Günther 1880	GENUS					Neurotrichus	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1880 p.441	Urotrichus gibbsii Baird, 1858.				Formerly in Urotrichini; see comments above, Hutchison (1968), Storch and Qiu (1983:100), among many others.	
13700685	Neurotrichus gibbsii	Baird 1858	SPECIES			gibbsii		Neurotrichus	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	Mammalia, in Repts. U.S. Expl. Surv. vol.8 1 p.76		major  Merriam, 1899; hyacinthinus Bangs, 1897; minor Dalquest and Burgner, 1941.	SW British Columbia (Canada) to WC California (USA).	IUCN 2000  Not listed.	Hall (1981:67) and Yates (in Wilson and Ruff, 1999) listed hyacinthinus and minor as subspecies. Reviewed by Carraway and Verts (1991b, Mammalian Species No. 387). Karyotype has 2n = 38, FN = 72 (Yates and Schmidly, 1975).	Shrew-mole
13700686	Neurotrichus gibbsii subsp. gibbsii	Baird 1858	SUBSPECIES		gibbsii	gibbsii		Neurotrichus	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	Mammalia, in Repts. U.S. Expl. Surv. vol.8 1 p.76						
13700687	Neurotrichus gibbsii subsp. hyacinthinus	Bangs 1897	SUBSPECIES		hyacinthinus	gibbsii		Neurotrichus	Talpidae	Soricomorpha							
13700688	Neurotrichus gibbsii subsp. minor	Dalquest and Burgner 1941	SUBSPECIES		minor	gibbsii		Neurotrichus	Talpidae	Soricomorpha							
13700689	Scaptonychini	Van Valen 1967	TRIBE						Talpidae	Soricomorpha	Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. vol.135 p.263						
14100011	Equus burchellii subsp. boehmi	Matschie 1892	SUBSPECIES		boehmi	burchellii		Equus	Equidae	Perissodactyla							
13700690	Scaptonyx	Milne-Edwards 1872	GENUS					Scaptonyx	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	In David, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, Bull. vol.7 p.92	Scaptonyx fusicauda Milne-Edwards, 1872.				For placement in Scaptonychini see Van Valen (1967).	
13700691	Scaptonyx fusicaudus	Milne-Edwards 1872	SPECIES			fusicaudus		Scaptonyx	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	In David, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, Bull. vol.7 p.92		affinis  Thomas, 1912; fusicaudatus Milne-Edwards, 1872.	N Burma; S China, Tsinghai, Shensi, Sichuan and Yunnan; N Vietnam.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes affinis; see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1966:35). Recently recorded from Mt. Tay Con Linh II in N Vietnam (Lunde et al., 2003b).	Long-tailed Mole
13700692	Talpini	G. Fischer 1814	TRIBE						Talpidae	Soricomorpha	Zoognosia tabulis synopticis illustrata vol.3 p.x		Talpae Gill, 1875; Talpae Dobson, 1883.				
13700693	Euroscaptor	Miller 1940	GENUS					Euroscaptor	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	J. Mammal. vol.21 p.443	Talpa klossi Thomas, 1929.	Eoscalops  Stroganov, 1941.			Corbet (1978c:32), and subsequent work, included Euroscaptor in Talpa while Russian and Japanese authors retained it as a genus; most recently Abe et al. (1991). Species allocations and limits are tentative.	
13700694	Euroscaptor grandis	Miller 1940	SPECIES			grandis		Euroscaptor	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	J. Mammal. vol.21 p.444			N and S Bakbo and Cha-pa (Vietnam); S China.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Often included in Talpa; but see Gureev (1979:272). Regarded as a synonym of [E]. micrura longirostris by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1966:40).	Greater Chinese Mole
13700695	Euroscaptor klossi	Thomas 1929	SPECIES			klossi		Euroscaptor	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 10 vol.3 p.206		malayana  Chasen, 1940.	Highlands of Thailand, Laos and Peninsular Malaysia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Corbet (1978c:33) and Corbet and Hill (1991:38) included klossi in micrura; but see Yoshiyuki (1988b). May include malayana, which Harrison (1974:57) included in micrura.	Klosss Mole
13700696	Euroscaptor longirostris	Milne-Edwards 1870	SPECIES			longirostris		Euroscaptor	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris vol.70 p.341			S China.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Type species of Eoscalops Stroganov, 1941. Formerly included in micrura by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1966:40) and Corbet (1978c:35). In the Euroscaptor group of Talpa; see Gureev (1979:272).	Long-nosed Mole
13700697	Euroscaptor micrura	Hodgson 1841	SPECIES			micrura		Euroscaptor	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. vol.2 p.221		cryptura Blyth, 1843.	E Himalaya and Peninsular Malaysia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Does not include klossi; see Yoshiyuki (1988b). Does not include malayana, which Harrison (1974:57) included in micrura. Kawada et al. (2003) identified moles from the Cameron Highlands (Peninsular Malaysia) as belonging to E. micrura.	Himalayan Mole
13700703	Mogera imaizumii	Kuroda 1957	SPECIES			imaizumii		Mogera	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	J. Mammal. Soc. Japan vol.1 p.74		minor  (Kuroda, 1936) [not Freudenberg, 1914].	Shikoku and N and SC Honshu, Japan.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as M. minor.	Included in Talpa [Euroscaptor] micrura by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1966); but retained as a separate species by Yoshiyuki (1986). Renamed Talpa wogura imaizumii by Kuroda (1957) for homonymy with Talpa europaea var. minor. In a revision of Japanese moles Abe (1995) reintroduced the name M. minor, but Motokawa and Abe (1996) subsequently corrected this view. Karyotype from Honshu has 2n = 36, FN = 54 (Kawada et al., 2001). Populations from E Honshu and W Honshu plus Shikoku exhibit considerable genetic differences (Tsuchiya et al., 2000).	Small Japanese Mole
13700704	Mogera insularis	Swinhoe 1862 "1863"	SPECIES			insularis		Mogera	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1862 p.356		montana  Kano, 1940 [nomen nudum]; hainana Thomas, 1910; latouchei Thomas, 1907.	Taiwan, Hainan, SE China.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Includes latouchei; see Corbet and Hill (1991c:38). Included in Talpa [Euroscaptor] micrura by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951:40); but see Corbet (1978c:33), Abe (1995) and Motokawa and Abe (1996). Karyotype of a specimen from Taiwan determined as 2n = 32, FN = 58 (Lin et al., 2002a). The status of the mainland (latouchei) and Hainan (hainana) populations still has to be determined (Abe, 1995). Skulls of latouchei are smaller than in insularis.	Insular Mole
13700705	Mogera insularis subsp. insularis	Swinhoe 1862 "1863"	SUBSPECIES		insularis	insularis		Mogera	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1862 p.356						
13700706	Mogera insularis subsp. hainana	Thomas 1910	SUBSPECIES		hainana	insularis		Mogera	Talpidae	Soricomorpha							
13700707	Mogera insularis subsp. latouchei	Thomas 1907	SUBSPECIES		latouchei	insularis		Mogera	Talpidae	Soricomorpha							
13700754	Urotrichus	Temminck 1841	GENUS					Urotrichus	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	Het. Instit. K. Ned. Inst. p.212	Urotrichus talpoides Temminck, 1841.				For placement in Urotrichini see Storch and Qiu (1983:100). Includes sometimes Dymecodon; see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951:33-34). See also Imaizumi (1970b:123) who considered Dymecodon a distinct genus.	
14100012	Equus burchellii subsp. crawshaii	De Winton 1896	SUBSPECIES		crawshaii	burchellii		Equus	Equidae	Perissodactyla							
14100013	Equus burchellii subsp. kaokensis	Zukowsky 1924	SUBSPECIES		kaokensis	burchellii		Equus	Equidae	Perissodactyla							
14100014	Equus burchellii subsp. zambeziensis	Trouessart 1898	SUBSPECIES		zambeziensis	burchellii		Equus	Equidae	Perissodactyla							
13700708	Mogera tokudae	Kuroda 1940	SPECIES			tokudae		Mogera	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	[A monograph of Japanese mammals ...], Tokyo and Osaka p.196		etigo  Yoshiyuki and Imaizumi, 1991.	Sado Isl and Echigo Plain, Honshu, C Japan.	IUCN  Endangered as M	Overlooked by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1966); included in Talpa robusta by Corbet (1978c); but retained as a separate species by Yoshiyuki (1986) and Abe et al. (1991). Yoshiyuki and Imaizumi (1991) named the Honshu population as a separate species, but Abe (1995, 1996) ascribed the differences between the Sado and Honshu population to geographical size variation. However, considerable genetic (Tsuchiya et al., 2000) and karyological differences exist: the karyotype from Sado is 2n = 36, FN = 60, and from Honshu 2n = 36, FN = 54 (Kawada et al., 2001; Tsuchiya, 1988).	Sado Mole
13700710	Mogera tokudae subsp. etigo	Yoshiyuki and Imaizumi 1991	SUBSPECIES		etigo	tokudae		Mogera	Talpidae	Soricomorpha							
13700711	Mogera uchidai	Abe, Shiraishi and Arai 1991	SPECIES			uchidai		Mogera	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	J. Mammal. Soc. Japan vol.15 p.53			Known only from the type locality.	IUCN  Endangered.	Originally described as Nesoscaptor uchidai, but Motokawa et al. (2001b) recognized a close relationship to Mogera insularis. The species is endemic to the Senkaku Isls (Motokawa, 2000) and seriously threatened by habitat degradation (Yokohata, 1999).	Senkaku Mole
13700712	Mogera wogura	Temminck 1842	SPECIES			wogura		Mogera	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	In Siebold, Fauna Japonica vol.1(Mamm.) 1 p.19		aquilonaris  Kishida, 1950 [nomen nudum]; gracilis Kishida, 1936; kanai Thomas, 1905; kiusiuana Kuroda, 1940; kobeae Thomas, 1905; moogura Temminck, 1842; robusta Nehring, 1891; coreana Thomas, 1907.	Japan (Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku, Senkaku, Tane, Amakusa, Tsushima and other Isls), Korea to NE China and adjacent Siberia (Abe, 1995, 1996).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc) as M. wogura, M. kobeau, and M. robusta.	For a taxonomic discussion see Corbet (1978c), who treated robusta as a different species. European authors often included kobeae and tokudae; however, Japanese authors (Imaizumi 1970b; Yoshiyuki 1988b) treated them as separate species. Formerly included in Talpa; but see Imaizumi (1970b), Gureev (1979), and Gromov and Baranova (1981). The present arrangement follows Abe (1995). However, moles from Japan have a different karyotype (2n = 36, FN = 52) than moles from the Korean mainland (2n = 36, FN = 58) (Kawada et al., 2001). Mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences studied by Tsuchiya et al. (2000) revealed three clades in Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu) and two distinct clades on the mainland of Korea and E Russia.	Japanese Mole
13700713	Mogera wogura subsp. wogura	Temminck 1842	SUBSPECIES		wogura	wogura		Mogera	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	In Siebold, Fauna Japonica vol.1(Mamm.) 1 p.19						
13700714	Mogera wogura subsp. robusta	Nehring 1891	SUBSPECIES		robusta	wogura		Mogera	Talpidae	Soricomorpha							
13700715	Parascaptor	Gill 1875	GENUS					Parascaptor	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	Bull. U.S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr. I [check  where does the æI go?] vol.2 p.110	Talpa leucura Blyth, 1850.				Included in Talpa by Corbet and Hill (1991:38); but retained as a genus by Abe et al. (1991).	
13700718	Scaptochirus moschatus	Milne-Edwards 1867	SPECIES			moschatus		Scaptochirus	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. (Paris) vol.7 p.375		davidianus  Swinhoe, 1879 [accidental renaming, nomen oblitum, not Milne-Edwards, 1884]; gilliesi Thomas, 1910; grandidens (Stroganov, 1941); leptura (Thomas, 1881); moschiferus Heude, 1898; sinensis (Heude, 1898).	NE China: Hopei, Shantung, Shansi, Shensi.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Included in Talpa micrura by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1966:40); but see Corbet (1978c:36). Grulich (1982) pointed out that Scaptochirus davidianus Milne-Edwards, 1884, often regarded as a synonym of moschatus, is a species of Talpa; see under Talpa davidiana. Karyotype (2n = 48, FN = 54-56) described by Kawada et al. (2002b).	Short-faced Mole
13700719	Talpa	Linnaeus 1758	GENUS					Talpa	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.52	Talpa europaea Linnaeus, 1758.	Asioscalops  Stroganov, 1941; Asioscaptor Schwarz, 1948; Heterotalpa Peters, 1863; Talpops Gervais, 1868.			Includes Asioscalops which was retained as a full genus by Yudin (1989:60). Schwarz (1948), Corbet (1978c:36), and Corbet and Hill (1991:38) included Euroscaptor, Parascaptor, Mogera, and Scaptochirus; but these are retained here as full genera, see Abe et al. (1991) and Gureev (1979:256-285). For phylogenetic considerations based on morphology, see Stein (1960) and Grulich (1971); based on allozyme variation, see Filippucci et al. (1987). For a review of European species, see Niethammer and Krapp (1990).	
13700763	Uropsilus andersoni	Thomas 1911	SPECIES			andersoni		Uropsilus	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1911 100 p.49			C Sichuan (China).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Type species of Rhynchonax. Formerly included in soricipes, but see Hoffmann (1984).	Andersons Shrew Mole
13700720	Talpa altaica	Nikolsky 1883	SPECIES			altaica		Talpa	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	Trans. Soc. Nat. St. Petersburg vol.14 p.165		gusevi  (Fetisov, 1956); irkutensis Dybowski, 1922; saianensis Bielovusev, 1921; salairica Egorin, 1936; salairici Corbet, 1978 [lapsus]; sibirica Egorin, 1937; suschkini Kastschenko, 1905; tymensis Egorin, 1937.	Taiga zone of Siberia between Ob and Lena Rivers; south to N Mongolia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Placed by Yudin (1989:52) in genus Asioscalops; but see Corbet (1978c:33). Kratochvíl and Kral (1972) provided karyological evidence for a separation of altaica from the remaining Talpa species.	Altai Mole
13700721	Talpa caeca	Savi 1822	SPECIES			caeca		Talpa	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	Nuovo Giorn. de Letterati, Pisa vol.1 p.265		dobyi  Grulich, 1971; minor Freudenberg, 1914; augustana Capolongo and Panasci, 1978; hercegovinensis Bolkay, 1925; beaucournui Grulich, 1971; olympica Chaworth-Musters, 1932; steini Grulich, 1971 [see Niethammer, in Niethammer and Krapp, 1990].	S Europe and (doubtfully) Asia Minor; Alps, Apennines, Balkan, Thrazia.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Krytufek (1994) revised the taxonomy of European populations of T. caeca and demonstrated morphometric differences to stankovici and to the Caucasus moles (caucasica, levantis). Species reviewed by Niethammer (in Niethammer and Krapp, 1990). In the paleontological literature, Talpa minor Freudenberg, 1914 is either regarded as a fossil ancestor of, or as conspecific with the extant caeca (Rabeder, 1972). However, Cleef-Roders and Hoek Ostende (2001) pointed out clear differences in the dentition of minor and caeca and regarded both as different species. Karyotype has 2n = 36, FN = 64 (Ticino) or 68 (Balkans) (see Niethammer, in Niethammer and Krapp, 1990). For synonyms see Niethammer, in Niethammer and Krapp (1990).	Blind Mole
13700722	Talpa caeca subsp. caeca	Savi 1822	SUBSPECIES		caeca	caeca		Talpa	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	Nuovo Giorn. de Letterati, Pisa vol.1 p.265						
13700723	Talpa caeca subsp. augustana	Capolongo and Panasci 1978	SUBSPECIES		augustana	caeca		Talpa	Talpidae	Soricomorpha							
13700724	Talpa caeca subsp. hercegovinensis	Bolkay 1925	SUBSPECIES		hercegovinensis	caeca		Talpa	Talpidae	Soricomorpha							
13700725	Talpa caeca subsp. steini	Grulich 1971	SUBSPECIES		steini	caeca		Talpa	Talpidae	Soricomorpha							
13700726	Talpa caucasica	Satunin 1908	SPECIES			caucasica		Talpa	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	Mitt. Kaukas. Mus. vol.4 p.5		ognevi  Stroganov, 19448; orientalis Ognev, 1926.	NW Caucasus (Russia and Georgia, NE Turkey), Talysh Mtns (Iran).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Included in europaea by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), but considered a distinct species by Gromov et al. (1963). Reviewed by Sokolov and Tembotov (1989) and Zaitsev (1999). New records from Turkey (Kefelioglu and Gencoglu, 1996) and Iran (Krytufek and Benda, 2002) considerably extend the range of the species. Karyotype has 2n = 38, FN = 64 (Sokolov and Tembotov, 1989).	Caucasian Mole
13700727	Talpa caucasica subsp. caucasica	Satunin 1908	SUBSPECIES		caucasica	caucasica		Talpa	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	Mitt. Kaukas. Mus. vol.4 p.5						
13700728	Talpa caucasica subsp. ognevi	Stroganov 1944	SUBSPECIES	Talpa romania ognevi	ognevi	caucasica		Talpa	Talpidae	Soricomorpha							
13700729	Talpa caucasica subsp. orientalis	Ognev 1926	SUBSPECIES		orientalis	caucasica		Talpa	Talpidae	Soricomorpha							
13700730	Talpa europaea	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			europaea		Talpa	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.52		alba  Gmelin, 1788; albida Reichenbach, 1852; albo-maculata Erxleben, 1777; brauneri Satunin, 1909; caudata Boddaert, 1772; ehiki Czajlik, 1987; flavescens Reichenbach, 1836; frisius Müller, 1776; friseus Corbet, 1978 [lapsus]; kratochvili Grulich, 1969; kratochvilli Corbet, 1978 [lapsus]; lutea Reichenbach, 1852; maculata Fitzinger, 1869; major Bechstein, 1800 [not of Altobello, 1920]; nigra Kerr, 1792; obensis Skalon and Rajevsky, 1940; pancici Martino, 1930; scalops Schulze, 1897; transuralensis Stroganov, 1956; uralensis Ognev, 1925; variegata Gmelin, 1788; vulgaris Boddaert, 1785; cinerea Gmelin, 1788; grisea Fitzinger, 1869; rufa Borkhausen, 1797; velessiensis Petrov, 1941.	Temperate Europe including Britain to the Ob and Irtysh Rivers (Russia) in the east.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Husson and Heurn (1959) recognized and named twelve color morphs from the Netherlands that are not listed here. Does not include altaica, caucasica, romana, and stankovici; see comments under these species. Only europaea and cinerea were regarded as subspecies by Niethammer (in Niethammer and Krapp, 1990). Do&#287;ramaci (1989) considered velessiensis as the valid subspecies for Turkish Thrace. A biological review of the species was provided by Witte (1997). Karyotype has 2n = 34, FN = 68 (Kratochvil and Kral, 1972).	European Mole
13700731	Talpa europaea subsp. europaea	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		europaea	europaea		Talpa	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.52						
13700732	Talpa europaea subsp. cinerea	Gmelin 1788	SUBSPECIES		cinerea	europaea		Talpa	Talpidae	Soricomorpha							
13700733	Talpa europaea subsp. velessiensis	Petrov 1941	SUBSPECIES		velessiensis	europaea		Talpa	Talpidae	Soricomorpha							
13700764	Uropsilus gracilis	Thomas 1911	SPECIES			gracilis		Uropsilus	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	Abstr. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1911 100 p.49		atronates (Allen, 1923); nivatus (Allen, 1923).	Sichuan and Yunnan (China) and N Burma.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Type species of Nasillus. Formerly included in soricipes; but see Hoffmann (1984). The shrew-like humerus was figured by Storch and Dahlmann (2000).	Gracile Shrew Mole
13700734	Talpa davidiana	Milne-Edwards 1884	SPECIES			davidiana		Talpa	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci., Paris vol.99 p.1141		streeti  Lay, 1965; streetorum Lay, 1967.	SE Turkey, NW Iran.	IUCN  Critically Endangered as Talpa streeti.	Includes Talpa streeti, as already suggested by Grulich (1982). Krytufek et al. (2001) revised the species, discussed the morphological variation, and mapped all known localities.	Père David's Mole
13700735	Talpa levantis	Thomas 1906	SPECIES			levantis		Talpa	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.17 p.416		minima  Deparma, 1960; talyschensis Vereschchagin, 1945; transcaucasica Dahl, 1944.	Bulgaria, Thracia and N Anatolia (Turkey), and adjacent Caucasus.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	On specific status, see Grulich (1972) and Felten et al. (1973). Reviewed by Sokolov and Tembotov (1989), Zaitsev (1999), and Krytufek (2001a, b). European records by Vohralík (1991). Karyotype has 2n = 34, FN = 68 (Kefelioglu and Gencoglu, 1996).	Levant Mole
13700737	Talpa levantis subsp. minima	Deparma 1960	SUBSPECIES		minima	levantis		Talpa	Talpidae	Soricomorpha							
13700738	Talpa levantis subsp. talyschensis	Vereschchagin 1945	SUBSPECIES		talyschensis	levantis		Talpa	Talpidae	Soricomorpha							
13700739	Talpa levantis subsp. transcaucasica	Dahl 1944	SUBSPECIES		transcaucasica	levantis		Talpa	Talpidae	Soricomorpha							
13700740	Talpa occidentalis	Cabrera 1907	SPECIES			occidentalis		Talpa	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.20 p.212			W and C Iberian Peninsula (Portugal, Spain).	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Formerly regarded as a subspecies of caeca, but see Ramalhinho (1985) and Filippucci et al. (1987). Reviewed by Niethammer (in Niethammer and Krapp, 1990). Karyotype has 2n = 34, FN = 68. Dental morphology of occidentalis and europaea described by Cleef-Roders and Hoek Ostende (2001).	Spanish Mole
13700741	Talpa romana	Thomas 1902	SPECIES			romana		Talpa	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.10 p.516		major  Altobello, 1920 [not Bechstein, 1800]; adamoi Capolongo et Panasci, 1976; aenigmatica Capolongo and Panasci, 1976; brachycrania Capolongo and Panasci, 1976; montana Cabrera, 1925; wittei Capolongo, 1986 [see Niethammer, in Niethammer and Krapp, 1990].	Apennines, Italy, and extreme SE France; a historical record from Sicily.	IUCN  Lower Risk (lc).	Does not include stankovici, see comments therein. Karyotype as in europaea (Capanna, 1981). For synonyms see Niethammer, in Niethammer and Krapp (1990).	Roman Mole
13700742	Talpa romana subsp. romana	Thomas 1902	SUBSPECIES		romana	romana		Talpa	Talpidae	Soricomorpha	Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7 vol.10 p.516						
13700743	Talpa romana subsp. adamoi	Capolongo and Panasci 1976	SUBSPECIES		adamoi	romana		Talpa	Talpidae	Soricomorpha							
13700744	Talpa romana subsp. aenigmatica	Capolongo and Panasci 1976	SUBSPECIES		aenigmatica	romana		Talpa	Talpidae	Soricomorpha							
13700745	Talpa romana subsp. brachycrania	Capolongo and Panasci 1976	SUBSPECIES		brachycrania	romana		Talpa	Talpidae	Soricomorpha							
13700746	Talpa romana subsp. montana	Cabrera 1925	SUBSPECIES		montana	romana		Talpa	Talpidae	Soricomorpha							
14100004	Equus asinus	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			asinus		Equus	Equidae	Perissodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.73		arabicus (Fitzinger, 1860); domesticus Erxleben, 1777; europaeus Sanson, 1871; germanicus (Fitzinger, 1860); grajus (Fitzinger, 1860); palaestinae Ducos, 1968; sardous (Fitzinger, 1860); vulgaris (Gray, 1824); africanus Heuglin and Fitzinger, 1866; africanus (Fitzinger, 1858) [nomen nudum]; dianae (Dollman, 1935); hippagrus Schomber, 1963 [unavailable]; nubianus Peel, 1900; somalicus P. L. Sclater, 1885; aethiopicus Denman, 1957; somaliensis Noack, 1884 [nomen nudum]; taeniopus (Heuglin, 1861) [nomen dubium].	NE Sudan (now extinct), NE Ethiopia, and N Somalia; domesticated worldwide; feral or possibly wild in Oman, Hoggar (S Algeria), and Tibesti (N Chad); feral in Sudan, Saudi Arabia, Socotra Isl (Yemen), Sri Lanka, Australia, USA (including Hawaiian Isls), Galapagos Isls, Chagos Isls, and probably other oceanic islands.	CITES  Appendix I as E. africanus; U.S. ESA  Endangered as E. asinus; IUCN  Critically Endangered as E. africanus africanus and E. a. somalicus.	Revised by Groves et al. (1966) who with Ansell (1974a:6) recommended use of africanus as specific name, not wishing to use the name asinus because it was based upon domestic populations. Revised also by Schlawe (1980b) who indicated that Asinus africanus Fitzinger was named in 1858, not 1857, and by Groves (1986), who noted that Asinus africanus Fitzinger is a nomen nudum. The apparent senior name for wild asses is then taeniopus (Heuglin, 1861) but Groves (1986) regarded this as a nomen dubium. Gentry et al. (1996) proposed that majority usage be confirmed by adoption of the first available specific name based on a wild population for the wild taxon, in this case deemed to be Equus africanus Heuglin and Fitzinger, 1866, though it has not been demonstrated that most authors have termed the wild ass E. africanus rather than E. asinus. They asked the International Commission on Zoological Nomencla... [truncated]	Ass
14100008	Equus burchellii	Gray 1824	SPECIES			burchellii		Equus	Equidae	Perissodactyla	Zool. J. vol.1 p.247		burschelii Schinz, 1845; campestris ( C. H. Smith, 1841); festivus Wagner, 1835; paucistriatus Hilzheimer, 1912; typicus Selous, 1899; zebroides Lesson, 1827; antiquorum C. H. Smith, 1841; chapmani Trouessart, 1898; chapmanni Layard, 1865; isabellinus ( C. H. Smith, 1841); kaufmanni Matschie, 1912; markhami Tichomirow, 1878; pococki Brasil and Pennetier, 1909; selousii Pocock, 1897; transvaalensis Ewart, 1897; wahlbergi Pocock, 1897; boehmi Matschie, 1892; borensis Lönnberg, 1921; cuninghamei Heller, 1914; goldfinchi Ridgeway, 1911; granti De Winton, 1896; isabella Ziccardi, 1959; jallae (Camerano, 1902); mariae Trouessart, 1898; muansae (Matschie, 1906); crawshaii De Winton, 1896; annectans Lydekker, 1908; annectens W. Rothschild, 1906; crawshayi Pocock, 1897; foai Prazak and Trouessart, 1899; tigrinus Johnston, 1897; kaokensis (Zukowsky, 1924); zambeziensis Trouessart, 1898.	S and E Angola, N and E Botswana, SE Dem. Rep. Congo, Kenya, N Namibia, SE Sudan, SW Ethiopia, Malawi, Mozambique, S Somalia, South Africa (N KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo, and Mpumalanga Provs.; formerly more widespread, S to Orange River), Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.	IUCN  Extinct as E. b. burchellii, Data Deficient as E. b. chapmani, E. b. crawshayi, and E. b. zambeziensis, Least Concern as E. b. antiquorum and E. b. boehmi.	Reviewed by Grubb (1981, Mammalian Species, 157). Species status controversial. A species separate from E. quagga; see Gentry (1975), Eisenmann and Turlot (1978), Bennett (1980), Klein and Cruz-Uribe (1999), and Eisenmann and Brink (2000). Many previous workers regarded quagga and burchellii as conspecific; see Rau (1978)  and they were recently regarded as conspecific by Groves (1985b). Subspecies based on Ansell (1974a) and L. Schlawe and W. Wozniak (in litt., 1991). Equus wardi Ridgeway, 1910 is a hybrid between E. burchellii and E. zebra (Barnaby, 2001; Pocock, 1909b; Rzasnicki, 1938).	Burchell's Zebra
14100009	Equus burchellii subsp. burchellii	Gray 1824	SUBSPECIES		burchellii	burchellii		Equus	Equidae	Perissodactyla	Zool. J. vol.1 p.247						
14100015	Equus caballus	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			caballus		Equus	Equidae	Perissodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.73		africanus Sanson, 1878; agilis Ewart, 1910; anglicus Desmarest, 1822; arabicus Desmarest, 1822; aryanus Piétrement, 1875; asiaticus Sanson, 1878; belgius Sanson, 1878; bohemicus Marchlewlski, 1924; brittanicus Sanson, 1878; celticus Ewart, 1903; cracoviensis Storkowski, 1946; domesticus Gmelin, 1788; equuleus C. H. Smith, 1841; europaeus Stegmann von Pritzwald, 1924; ewarti Storkowski, 1946; frisius Desmarest, 1822; gallicus Fitzinger, 1858; germanicus Fitzinger, 1859; gracilis Ewart, 1909; gutsenensis Skorkowski, 1946; helveticus Desmarest, 1822; hibernicus Fitzinger, 1859; hippagrus C. H. Smith, 1841; italicus Desmarest, 1822; lalisio C. H. Smith, 1841; libycus Ridgeway, 1905; midlandensis Quinn, 1957; moldavicus Desmarest, 1822; mongolicus Piétrement, 1875; muninensis Storkowski, 1946; nehringi Duerst, 1904; nipponicus Shikama and Onuki, 1962; nordicus Skorkowski, 1933; pallas Skorkowski, 1933; parvus Franck, 1875; persicus Desmarest, 1822; pumpelli Duerst, 1908; robustus Fitzinger, 1859; sequanicus Desmarest, 1822; sequanius Sanson, 1878; silvaticus Vetulani, 1927 [unavailable]; sinensis Fitzinger, 1858; sylvestris von den Brincken, 1828 [nomen nudum]; tanghan Gray, 1846 [nomen nudum]; tataricus Desmarest, 1822; transylvanicus Desmarest, 1822; typicus Ewart, 1904; varius S. D. W., 1836; ferus Boddaert, 1785; equiferus Pallas, 1811; gmelini Antonius, 1912; tarpan Pidoplichko, 1951 [nomen nudum]; przewalskii Poliakov, 1881; hagenbecki Matschie, 1903; prjevalskii Ewart, 1903.	In the late 18th Century, from Poland and Russian Steppes east to Turkestan and Mongolia; wild population survived (at least until recently) in SW Mongolia and adjacent Gansu, Sinkiang, and Inner Mongolia (China); reintroduced into Mongolia. Domesticated worldwide; feral in Portugal, Spain, France, Greece, Iran, Sri Lanka, Lesser Sundas (Flores and Rintja), Australia, New Zealand, Colombia, Hispaniola, Canada, USA (incl. Hawaiian Isls), Galapagos and probably other oceanic islands.	CITES  Appendix I as E. przewalskii; U.S. ESA  Endangered as E. przewalskii; IUCN  Extinct in the Wild as E. ferus and E. f. przewalskii.	Reviewed by Bennett and Hoffman (1999, Mammalian Species, 628). Recent caballine horses have been assigned to two different species, E. caballus (or ferus) and E. przewalskii, but many authors now include przewalskii in caballus; see Corbet (1978c:194), Groves (1974a), Bennett (1980), and Bennett and Hoffman (1999). Gromov and Baranova (1981:333-334) continued to recognize two species, gmelini (= ferus) and przewalskii. Groves (1971b) and Corbet (1978c:194) proposed that ferus (the Tarpan) replace caballus, objecting to the use of specific names based on domestic animals. Gentry et al. (1996) proposed that majority usage be confirmed by adoption of the first available specific name based on a wild population for the wild taxon, in this case deemed to be E. ferus. It has not been demonstrated that most authors have termed wild horses E. ferus rather than E. caballus or ... [truncated]	Horse
14100016	Equus caballus subsp. caballus	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		caballus	caballus		Equus	Equidae	Perissodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.73						
14100019	Equus grevyi	Oustalet 1882	SPECIES			grevyi		Equus	Equidae	Perissodactyla	La Nature (Paris) vol.10 2 p.12		berberensis Pocock, 1902; faurei Matschie, 1898.	Dry desert regions of S and E Ethiopia, N Kenya, and S Somalia (extinct).	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Threatened; IUCN  Endangered.	Reviewed by Churcher (1993, Mammalian Species, 453). Restriction of type locality to Lake Zwai (Roosevelt and Heller, 1914) is erroneous, as there are no records of the species from this lake region (Yalden et al, 1986).	Grévy's Zebra
14100020	Equus hemionus	Pallas 1775	SPECIES			hemionus		Equus	Equidae	Perissodactyla	Nova Comm. Imp. Acad. Sci. Petrop. vol.19 p.394		castaneus Lydekker, 1904; finschi Matschie, 1911; hemionos Boddaert, 1785; typicus Sclater, 1891; blanfordi (Pocock, 1947); hemippus I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1855; syriacus Milne-Edwards, 1869; khur Lesson, 1827; indicus (Sclater, 1862) [nomen nudum]; indicus George, 1869; kulan (Groves and Mazák, 1967); luteus Matschie, 1911; bedfordi Matschie, 1911; onager Boddaert, 1785; bahram (Pocock, 1947); dzigguetai (Wood, 1879); ferus Erxleben, 1777 [nomen oblitum]; hamar C. H. Smith, 1841; onager Pallas, 1777 [unavailable]; typicus Sclater, 1891.	Formerly much of Mongolia, north to Transbaikalia (Russia); east to NE Inner Mongolia (China) and possibly W Manchuria (China); and west to Dzhungarian Gate. Survives in SW and SC Mongolia and adjacent China; see Sokolov and Orlov (1980:248). Also formerly Kazakhstan north to upper Irtysh and Ural Rivers (Russia); westward north of the Caucasus and Black Sea at least to Dniestr River (Ukraine); Anatolia, Syria, and SE of Caspian Sea in N Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan to Thar Desert of NW India; survives as isolated populations in Rann of Kutch (India), Badkhys Preserve, Turkmenistan, and C Iran; also reestablished on Barsa-Khelmes Isl (Aral Sea, Uzbekistan); until 17th-18th centuries in Armenia and Azerbaidjan.	CITES  Appendix I as E. h. hemionus, E. onager and E. onager khur; otherwise Appendix II; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Extinct E. h. hemippus, Critically Endangered as E. h. onager and E. h. kulan, Endangered as E. h. khur, Vulnerable as E. hemionus, E. h. hemionus and E. h. luteus.	Revised by Groves and Mazák (1967), Groves (1986), and Schlawe (1986), who included onager in hemionus. Bennett (1980) considered onager (including hemippus, khur, and kulan) to be a distinct species. Nominate subspecies is also known by common name Kulan or Dzigetai; luteus doubtfully separable from it. Groves (2003) considered khur as a species separate from E. hemionus.	Onager
14100021	Equus hemionus subsp. hemionus	Pallas 1775	SUBSPECIES		hemionus	hemionus		Equus	Equidae	Perissodactyla	Nova Comm. Imp. Acad. Sci. Petrop. vol.19 p.394						see comments under species
14100022	Equus hemionus subsp. blanfordi	Pocock 1947	SUBSPECIES		blanfordi	hemionus		Equus	Equidae	Perissodactyla							
14100025	Equus hemionus subsp. kulan	Groves and Mazák 1967	SUBSPECIES		kulan	hemionus		Equus	Equidae	Perissodactyla							
14100027	Equus hemionus subsp. onager	Boddaert 1785	SUBSPECIES		onager	hemionus		Equus	Equidae	Perissodactyla							
14100028	Equus kiang	Moorcroft 1841	SPECIES			kiang		Equus	Equidae	Perissodactyla	Travels in the Himalayan Provinces vol.1 p.312		equioides (Hodgson, 1842) [nomen nudum]; kyang (Kinloch, 1869); holdereri Matschie, 1911; tafeli (Matschie, 1924); polyodon (Hodgson, 1847); nepalensis (Trumler, 1959).	Ladak (India), Tibet, Tsinghai and Szechwan (China), adjacent Nepal and Sikkim (India).	CITES  Appendix I; IUCN  Data deficient as E. k. kiang and E. k. polyodon, Lower Risk (lc) as E. k. holdereri.	Revised by Groves and Mazák (1967) and Groves (1986), who with Bennett (1980) separated kiang from hemionus; Schlawe (1986) regarded kiang as a subspecies of hemionus.	Kiang
14100029	Equus kiang subsp. kiang	Moorcroft 1841	SUBSPECIES		kiang	kiang		Equus	Equidae	Perissodactyla	Travels in the Himalayan Provinces vol.1 p.312						
14100030	Equus kiang subsp. holdereri	Matschie 1911	SUBSPECIES		holdereri	kiang		Equus	Equidae	Perissodactyla							
14100031	Equus kiang subsp. polyodon	Hodgson 1847	SUBSPECIES		polyodon	kiang		Equus	Equidae	Perissodactyla							
14100032	Equus quagga	Boddaert 1785	SPECIES			quagga		Equus	Equidae	Perissodactyla	Elench. Anim. p.160		couagga Desmarest, 1822; danielli Pocock, 1904; greyi Lydekker, 1902; lorenzi Lydekker, 1902; qouagga Lesson, 1827; quaccha Gray, 1827; trouessarti Camerano, 1908.	Formerly South Africa, south of the Orange-Vaal Rivers.	IUCN  Extinct.	See comments under burchellii. Last specimen, a captive, died in 1872.	Quagga
14100033	Equus zebra	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			zebra		Equus	Equidae	Perissodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.74		campestris (Gray, 1852); frederici Trouessart, 1826; indica Trouessart, 1898; montanus Burchell, 1822; hartmannae Matschie, 1898; matschiei (Zukowsky, 1924); penricei Thomas, 1900.	S Angola, Namibia, South Africa (Eastern and Western Cape Provs.; formerly in W Northern Cape Prov.). Now much reduced in numbers and, in South Africa, confined to a few nature reserves.	CITES  Appendix I as E. z. zebra, Appendix II as E. z. hartmannae; U.S. ESA  Endangered as E. z. zebra, Threatened as E. z. hartmannae; IUCN  Endangered as E. z. zebra and E. z. hartmannae.	Reviewed by Penzhorn (1988, Mammalian Species, 314).	Mountain Zebra
14100034	Equus zebra subsp. zebra	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		zebra	zebra		Equus	Equidae	Perissodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.74						
14100035	Equus zebra subsp. hartmannae	Matschie 1898	SUBSPECIES		hartmannae	zebra		Equus	Equidae	Perissodactyla							
14100036	Tapiridae	Gray 1821	FAMILY						Tapiridae	Perissodactyla	London Med. Repos. vol.15 p.306		Elasmognathinae Gray, 1867.				
14100062	Diceros bicornis subsp. chobiensis	Zukowsky 1965	SUBSPECIES		chobiensis	bicornis		Diceros	Rhinocerotidae	Perissodactyla							
14100063	Diceros bicornis subsp. longipes	Zukowsky 1949	SUBSPECIES		longipes	bicornis		Diceros	Rhinocerotidae	Perissodactyla							
14100064	Diceros bicornis subsp. michaeli	Zukowsky 1965	SUBSPECIES		michaeli	bicornis		Diceros	Rhinocerotidae	Perissodactyla							
14100037	Tapirus	Brisson 1762	GENUS					Tapirus	Tapiridae	Perissodactyla	Regnum Animale, 2nd ed. p.12, 81	Hippopotamus terrestris Linnaeus, 1758.	Acrocodia Goldman, 1913; Chinchecus Trouessart, 1898; Cinchacus Gray, 1873; Elasmognathus Gill, 1865; Hydrochoerus Gray, 1821 [nomen nudum]; Pinchacus Hershkovitz, 1954; Rhinochoerus Wagler, 1830; Syspotamus Billburg, 1827; Tapir Blumenbach, 1779; Tapyra Liais, 1872; Tapirella Palmer, 1903; Tapirussa Frisch, 1775 [unavailable].			The genus is available from Brisson, 1762 (Opinion 1894, International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1998). Nominate T. terrestris group also includes T. pinchaque; analysis of mtDNA indicates that T. terrestris and T. pinchaque are sister species (Ashley et al., 1996); T. bairdii or Tapirella group is monotypic; T. indicus or Acrocodia group is monotypic among living forms; Acrocodia separated as a genus by Eisenberg et al. (1987).	
14100038	Tapirus bairdii	Gill 1865	SPECIES			bairdii		Tapirus	Tapiridae	Perissodactyla	Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia vol.17 p.183		bairdi (Gray, 1868); dowi Alston, 1880; dowii Gill, 1870.	East from Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Mexico, through all other Central American states to Colombia west of the Rio Cauca and Ecuador west of the Andes to the Gulf of Guayaquil.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA and IUCN  Endangered.	Revised by Hershkovitz (1954).	Baird's Tapir
14100039	Tapirus indicus	Desmarest 1819	SPECIES			indicus		Tapirus	Tapiridae	Perissodactyla	Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., Nouv. ed. vol.32 p.458		bicolor Wagner, 1835; malayanus Raffles, 1821; me (Gray, 1869) [nomen dubium]; sumatrensis (Gray, 1821) [nomen nudum]; sumatranus Gray, 1843; brevetianus Kuiper, 1926.	Burma and Thailand south of 18°N, south through peninsular Malaya and Sumatra; listed as occurring in S Cambodia and possibly S Vietnam (Brooks et al., 1997); reliably recorded from Hongquan district, eastern Cochin China, Vietnam, in 1944 (Harper, 1945); authentic record from Laos in 1902 (Duckworth et al., 1999).	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Vulnerable.	The all-black form brevetianus known by two specimens from Palembang, S Sumatra is provisionally treated as a subspecies (Kuiper, 1926).	Malayan Tapir
14100040	Tapirus indicus subsp. indicus	Desmarest 1819	SUBSPECIES		indicus	indicus		Tapirus	Tapiridae	Perissodactyla	Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., Nouv. ed. vol.32 p.458						
14100041	Tapirus indicus subsp. brevetianus	Kuiper 1926	SUBSPECIES		brevetianus	indicus		Tapirus	Tapiridae	Perissodactyla						The all-black form brevetianus known by two specimens from Palembang, S Sumatra is provisionally treated as a subspecies (Kuiper, 1926).	
14100042	Tapirus pinchaque	Roulin 1829	SPECIES			pinchaque		Tapirus	Tapiridae	Perissodactyla	Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. vol.18 p.46		andicola Gloger, 1842; leucogenys Gray, 1872; pinchacus de Blainville, 1846; roulini de Blainville, 1846; roulinii Fischer, 1830; villosus (Wagler, 1830).	Andes of Colombia and Ecuador; perhaps W Venezuela and N Peru.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA and IUNC  Endangered.	Revised by Hershkovitz (1954).	Mountain Tapir
14100054	Dicerorhinus sumatrensis	G. Fischer [von Waldheim] 1814	SPECIES			sumatrensis		Dicerorhinus	Rhinocerotidae	Perissodactyla	Zoognosia vol.3 p.301		blythii (Gray, 1873) [unavailable]; crossii (Gray, 1854); malayanus (Newman, 1874) [nomen nudum]; niger (Gray, 1873); sumatranus (Raffles, 1822); harrissoni Groves, 1965; borniensis Hose and McDougall, 1912 [nomen nudum]; lasiotis (Buckland, 1872).	Formerly Bangladesh (Chittagong Hills), Borneo, Burma, India (Assam), Laos, Malaysia (peninsular Malaya), Mergui Isl, Sumatra, Thailand, and Vietnam; probably also S China, and Cambodia. Survives in Tenasserim Range (Thailand-Burma), Petchabun Range (Thailand), and other scattered localities in Burma, peninsular Malaya, Sumatra, and Borneo.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Extinct as D. s. lasiotis, Critically Endangered as D. s. harrisoni and D. s. sumatrensis.	Reviewed by Groves and Kurt (1972, Mammalian Species, 21). Revised by Groves (1967c).	Sumatran Rhinoceros
14100043	Tapirus terrestris	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			terrestris		Tapirus	Tapiridae	Perissodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.74		americanus (Gmelin, 1788); anta (Zimmermann, 1780); brasiliensis Liais, 1872; guianae J. A. Allen, 1916; laurillardi Gray, 1868; maypuri (Roulin, 1829); mexianae Hagmann, 1908; rufus G. Fischer [von Waldheim], 1814; sabatyra (Liais, 1872); suillus (Blumenbach, 1779); tapir (Erxleben, 1777); tapirus Merriam, 1895; aenigmaticus Gray, 1872; ecuadorensis Gray, 1872; peruvianus Gray, 1872; colombianus Hershkovitz, 1954; spegazzinii Amhegino, 1916; anulipes Hermann, 1924; obscura Dennler, 1939.	East of the western cordillera of the Andes in N Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, E Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Surinam, and Venezuela.	CITES  Appendix II; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Vulnerable.	Revised by Hershkovitz (1954), who provisionally recognized only nominate terrestris and colombianus as subspecies but indicated that tapir was probably a valid Guiana subspecies, and by Cabrera (1961), whose classification is followed here. Reviewed by Padilla and Dowler (1994, Mammalian Species, 481).	South American Tapir
14100044	Tapirus terrestris subsp. terrestris	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		terrestris	terrestris		Tapirus	Tapiridae	Perissodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.74						
14100046	Tapirus terrestris subsp. colombianus	Hershkovitz 1954	SUBSPECIES		colombianus	terrestris		Tapirus	Tapiridae	Perissodactyla							
14100047	Tapirus terrestris subsp. spegazzinii	Amhegino 1916	SUBSPECIES		spegazzinii	terrestris		Tapirus	Tapiridae	Perissodactyla							
14100048	Rhinocerotidae	Gray 1821	FAMILY						Rhinocerotidae	Perissodactyla	London Med. Repos. vol.15 p.306		Ceratorhinae Osborn, 1896; Dicerorhinae Ringström, 1924; Dicerinae Ringström, 1924.			Living species all allocated to nominate subfamily. Taxonomy and nomenclature revised by Rookmaaker (1983). The holotype of Zygomaturus diahotensis (Guerin et al., 1981), described as a zygomaturine diprotodontid from New Caledonia, seems to be a rhinoceros tooth, perhaps Rhinoceros sondaicus or Dicerorhinus sumatrensis; see Rich et al. (1987), Guerin and Faure (1987).	
14100049	Ceratotherium	Gray 1867 "1868"	GENUS					Ceratotherium	Rhinocerotidae	Perissodactyla	Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol.1867 p.1027	Rhinoceros simus Burchell, 1817.					
14100065	Diceros bicornis subsp. minor	Drummond 1876	SUBSPECIES		minor	bicornis		Diceros	Rhinocerotidae	Perissodactyla							
14100050	Ceratotherium simum	Burchell 1817	SPECIES			simum		Ceratotherium	Rhinocerotidae	Perissodactyla	Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris p.97		burchellii (Lesson, 1827); camperis (Gray, 1827); camptoceros (Brandt, 1878); camus (Gray, 1827); kiaboaba (Murray, 1866); kulumane (Player, 1972); oswelli (Elliot, 1847); prostheceros (Brandt, 1878); cottoni Lydekker, 1908.	Formerly north of Equator in S Chad, Central African Republic, S Sudan, NE Dem. Rep. Congo, and Uganda. Southern Africa in SE Angola, Botswana, NE Namibia, S Mozambique, South Africa (north of Orange-Vaal Rivers and in KwaZulu-Natal), Swaziland, Zimbabwe, and possibly also SW Zambia. Now much restricted in distribution; in south of range, extinct except in E KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), but reintroduced into other parts of South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo Prov., Mpumalanga, Free State), Namibia, Swaziland, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, and Botswana; introduced into Zambia and Kenya. In north of range, now confined to NE Dem. Rep. Congo.	CITES  Appendix II as C. s. simum; otherwise Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered as C. s. cottoni; IUCN  Critically Endangered as C. s. cottoni, Near Threatened as C. s. simum.	Reviewed by Groves (1972a, Mammalian Species, 8). Revised by Groves (1975b).	White Rhinoceros
14100051	Ceratotherium simum subsp. simum	Burchell 1817	SUBSPECIES		simum	simum		Ceratotherium	Rhinocerotidae	Perissodactyla	Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris p.97						
14100052	Ceratotherium simum subsp. cottoni	Lydekker 1908	SUBSPECIES		cottoni	simum		Ceratotherium	Rhinocerotidae	Perissodactyla							
14100053	Dicerorhinus	Gloger 1841	GENUS					Dicerorhinus	Rhinocerotidae	Perissodactyla	Gemein Hand.-Hilfsbuch. Nat. p.125	Rhinoceros sumatrensis Fischer, 1814.	Ceratorhinus Gray, 1867; Didermocerus Brookes, 1828 [suppressed].			Didermocerus Brookes, 1828, has been rejected, and Dicerorhinus validated (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1977b).	
14100071	Rhinoceros unicornis	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			unicornis		Rhinoceros	Rhinocerotidae	Perissodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.56		asiaticus Blumenbach, 1797; bengalensis Kourist, 1970 [unavailable]; indicus G. Cuvier, 1816; jamrachi Jamrach, 1875; stenocephalus Gray, 1868.	Within the present millennium, Indus Valley (Pakistan) east in N India to Assam and N Burma. Survives in India (Assam, West Bengal), Nepal, and possibly N Burma.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Endangered.	Reviewed by Laurie et al. (1983, Mammalian Species, 211).	Indian Rhinoceros
14100055	Dicerorhinus sumatrensis subsp. sumatrensis	G. Fischer [von Waldheim] 1814	SUBSPECIES		sumatrensis	sumatrensis		Dicerorhinus	Rhinocerotidae	Perissodactyla	Zoognosia vol.3 p.301						
14100057	Dicerorhinus sumatrensis subsp. lasiotis	Buckland 1872	SUBSPECIES		lasiotis	sumatrensis		Dicerorhinus	Rhinocerotidae	Perissodactyla							
14100058	Diceros	Gray 1821	GENUS					Diceros	Rhinocerotidae	Perissodactyla	London Med. Repos. vol.15 p.306	Rhinoceros bicornis Linnaeus, 1758.	Colobognathus Brandt, 1878; Keitloa Gray, 1868; Opsiceros Gloger, 1841; Rhinaster Gray, 1862.				
14100059	Diceros bicornis	Linnaeus 1758	SPECIES			bicornis		Diceros	Rhinocerotidae	Perissodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.56		africanus (Blumenbach, 1797); camperi (Schinz, 1845); capensis (Gray, 1868) [unavailable]; capensis (Trouessart, 1898); gordoni (Lesson, 1842); keitloa (A. Smith, 1836); ketloa (A. Smith, 1837); niger (Schinz, 1845); platyceros (Brandt, 1878); plesioceros (Brandt, 1878); brucii (Lesson, 1842); atbarensis Zukowsky, 1965; palustris Benzon, 1947; porrhoceros (Brandt, 1878); somaliensis (Potocki, 1897); chobiensis Zukowsky, 1965; somaliensis J. Allen, 1914 [preoccupied]; longipes Zukowsky, 1949; michaeli Zukowsky, 1965; rendilis Zukowsky, 1965; minor (Drummond, 1876); angolensis Zukowsky, 1965; holmwoodi (Sclater, 1893); ladoensis Zukowsky, 1965 [unavailable]; ladoensis Groves, 1967; major (Drummond, 1876); nyasae Zukowsky, 1965 [unavailable]; occidentalis (Zukowsky, 1922); punyana Potter, 1947; rowumae Zukowsky, 1965 [unavailable].	Formerly in S Angola, Botswana, Burundi, N Cameroon, Central African Republic, S Dem. Rep. Congo, S Chad, N Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, SE Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe; possibly more widespread in Niger, extending to Benin and Côte dIvoire, within historic times (Blancou, 1960; Sayer and Green, 1984). Very much reduced in numbers, particularly in recent decades of 20th century, and probably now extinct in many countries which it formerly occupied. Survives in reserves in Kenya, Tanzania, Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), and possibly still in Cameroon, Chad, Central African Republic, Sudan, Rwanda, Malawi, Mozambique, Angola, and Botswana; widely reintroduced into parts of South Africa (Cumming et al., 1990).	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Vulnerable as D. b. bicornis, Critically Endangered as D. bicornis and subspecifically as D. b. longipes, D. b. michaeli, and D. b. minor.	Revised by Groves (1967b) and Prins (1990). Zukowsky's names are dated 1965 not 1964 (Rookmaaker, 1983). Reviewed by Hillman-Smith and Groves (1994, Mammalian Species, 455). Rhinoceros kulumane Player, 1972 is referable to Ceratotherium, not Diceros (Ansell, 1989). The type of Rhinoceros cucullatus Wagner, 1835 has been referred to this species but was regarded as an artefact by Zukowsky (1965).	Black Rhinoceros
14100060	Diceros bicornis subsp. bicornis	Linnaeus 1758	SUBSPECIES		bicornis	bicornis		Diceros	Rhinocerotidae	Perissodactyla	Syst. Nat., 10th ed. vol.1 p.56						
14100061	Diceros bicornis subsp. brucii	Lesson 1842	SUBSPECIES		brucii	bicornis		Diceros	Rhinocerotidae	Perissodactyla							
14100067	Rhinoceros sondaicus	Desmarest 1822	SPECIES			sondaicus		Rhinoceros	Rhinocerotidae	Perissodactyla	Mammalogie, in Encycl. Meth. vol.2 p.399		camperii  Jardine, 1836; camperis Gray, 1827; floweri Gray, 1868; frontalis Von Martens, 1876; javanicus Geoffroy and Cuvier, 1824; javanus G. Cuvier, 1829; nasalis Gray, 1868; annamiticus Heude, 1892; inermis Lesson, 1838.	Formerly Bangladesh, Burma, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, and probably S China through peninsular Malaya to Sumatra and Java. Survives in Ujung Kulon (W Java) and in Vietnam; perhaps in small areas of Burma, Thailand, Laos, and Cambodia.	CITES  Appendix I; U.S. ESA  Endangered; IUCN  Critically Endangered.	Revised by Groves (1967c). The type was said to have been obtained by Diard and Duvaucel who were thought to have collected together only on Sumatra, not Java (Sody, 1946) but Rookmaaker (1983) showed that Java is correctly the type locality.	Javan Rhinoceros
14100068	Rhinoceros sondaicus subsp. sondaicus	Desmarest 1822	SUBSPECIES		sondaicus	sondaicus		Rhinoceros	Rhinocerotidae	Perissodactyla	Mammalogie, in Encycl. Meth. vol.2 p.399						
14100069	Rhinoceros sondaicus subsp. annamiticus	Heude 1892	SUBSPECIES		annamiticus	sondaicus		Rhinoceros	Rhinocerotidae	Perissodactyla							
14100070	Rhinoceros sondaicus subsp. inermis	Lesson 1838	SUBSPECIES		inermis	sondaicus		Rhinoceros	Rhinocerotidae	Perissodactyla							
