identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
036C87E0B12EFF8DD3CF559C6133C38B.text	036C87E0B12EFF8DD3CF559C6133C38B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polistes Latreille in de Saussure 1853	<div><p>Genus Polistes Latreille</p> <p>Polistes Latreille, 1802: 363, genus (6 species).</p> <p>Type species: “ Polistes gallica, Fab. ” [= Vespa gallica Linnaeus, 1767], by subsequent designation of Latreille, 1810: 438.</p> <p>Polystes [!]; Palisot de Beauvois, 1818: pl. 8. - du Buysson &amp; Marshall, 1892: 59. - H. von Ihering, 1896, 19: 452.</p> <p>Eupolistes Dalla Torre, 1904: 68, name for “Premiere division” of Polistes Latreille in de Saussure, 1853: 45 (61 species).</p> <p>Type species: Vespa gallica Linnaeus, 1767, by subsequent designation of Richards, 1973: 86.</p> <p>Pseudopolistes Weyrauch, 1937: 266, 274, genus (3 species). Unavailable; no type species designated.</p> <p>Sulcopolistes Blüthgen, 1938 [1937]: 273, subgenus of Polistes Latreille.</p> <p>Type species: Polistes semenowi Morawitz, 1889, by original designation.</p> <p>Polistula Weyrauch, 1938: 273, genus (5 species). Unavailable; no type species designated.</p> <p>Polistula Weyrauch, 1939: 148, genus.</p> <p>Type species: Polistes kohli Dalla Torre, 1904 [= Polistes biglumis Linnaeus, 1758], by original designation. Validation by type selection of Polistula Weyrauch, 1938.</p> <p>Pseudopolistes Weyrauch, 1939: 195. Validation by type selection of Pseudopolistes Weyrauch, 1937.</p> <p>Type species: Polistes sulcifer Zimmermann, 1930, by original designation.</p> <p>Leptopolistes Blüthgen, 1943a: 99, 121, subgenus of Polistes Latreille.</p> <p>Type species: Polistes associus Kohl, 1898, by original designation.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/036C87E0B12EFF8DD3CF559C6133C38B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Carpenter, James M.;Brown, Graham R.	Carpenter, James M., Brown, Graham R. (2022): Catalogue of the Australian social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Zootaxa 5214 (4): 451-495, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5214.4.1
036C87E0B12DFF8ED3CF51F765B0C6FC.text	036C87E0B12DFF8ED3CF51F765B0C6FC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polistes (Gyrostoma) Kirby	<div><p>Subgenus Gyrostoma Kirby</p> <p>Gyrostoma Kirby, 1828, in Kirby &amp; Spence: 36, 631, replacement name for Cyclostoma Kirby, 1826, non Lamarck, 1799.</p> <p>Cyclostoma Kirby, 1826, in Kirby &amp; Spence: 36, 633, genus. Non Cyclostoma Lamarck, 1799 (Mollusca).</p> <p>Type species: Cyclostoma gigas Kirby, 1826, by monotypy.</p> <p>Megapolistes van der Vecht, 1968a: 97, subgenus of Polistes Latreille.</p> <p>Type species: Vespa olivacea DeGeer, 1773, by original designation.</p> <p>Nygmopolistes Richards, 1973: 91, 93, 98, subgenus of Polistes Latreille.</p> <p>Type species: “ Polistes sulcatus Smith, 1852 (= P. rugifrons Cameron, 1900),” by original designation.</p> <p>Megapostes [!]; Lee, 1982: 122, 124, 126.</p> <p>This subgenus is also found in the Oriental Region and Pacific islands, with a few species in Palaearctic Asia.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/036C87E0B12DFF8ED3CF51F765B0C6FC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Carpenter, James M.;Brown, Graham R.	Carpenter, James M., Brown, Graham R. (2022): Catalogue of the Australian social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Zootaxa 5214 (4): 451-495, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5214.4.1
036C87E0B12DFF8ED3CF53B76791C79C.text	036C87E0B12DFF8ED3CF53B76791C79C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polistes balder Kirby 1888	<div><p>balder Kirby</p> <p>Polistes balder Kirby, 1888: 552, female, nest - “ Christmas Island ” (London). - Dalla Torre, 1894: 123 (cat.); 1904: 69 (cat.). - Yoshikawa, 1962: 21 (list). - van der Vecht, 1968a: 97 (in subgenus Megapolistes). - Richards, 1978: 1 (bader [!]) 7 (key), 12 (in subgenus Megapolistes; redescription; “Cocos Keeling I.”). - Cardale, 1985: 209 (in subgenus Megapolistes; cat.). - Carpenter, 1996b: 4 (in subgenus Gyrostoma; list). - James et al., 2019: 75, 89 (list).</p> <p>Distribution: Christmas I., Cocos (Keeling) I.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/036C87E0B12DFF8ED3CF53B76791C79C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Carpenter, James M.;Brown, Graham R.	Carpenter, James M., Brown, Graham R. (2022): Catalogue of the Australian social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Zootaxa 5214 (4): 451-495, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5214.4.1
036C87E0B12DFF8ED3CF529761E8C0BC.text	036C87E0B12DFF8ED3CF529761E8C0BC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polistes erythrinus Holmgren 1868	<div><p>erythrinus Holmgren</p> <p>Polistes erythrinus Holmgren, 1868: 440, female - “Sidney” (Stockholm). - Froggatt, 1892: 232 (cat.). - Dalla Torre, 1894: 127 (cat.); 1904: 69 (cat.). - Meade-Waldo, 1911: 103 (key). - Yoshikawa, 1962: 25 (list). - Richards, 1978: 8 (key), 14 (in subgenus Megapolistes; redescription; nest; ethology). - Cardale, 1985: 210 (in subgenus Megapolistes; cat.). - Kojima &amp; Spradbery, 1994: 113 (A. C. T.). - Carpenter, 1996b: 4 (in subgenus Gyrostoma; list). - Kojima, 1998: 10, 212, Figs 4–15 (larva).</p> <p>Distribution: SE coastal, Murray-Darling basin; Qld., N. S. W., A.C.T., Vic., S. A.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/036C87E0B12DFF8ED3CF529761E8C0BC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Carpenter, James M.;Brown, Graham R.	Carpenter, James M., Brown, Graham R. (2022): Catalogue of the Australian social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Zootaxa 5214 (4): 451-495, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5214.4.1
036C87E0B12DFF8ED3CF5477672AC25C.text	036C87E0B12DFF8ED3CF5477672AC25C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polistes facilis de Saussure 1853	<div><p>facilis de Saussure</p> <p>Polistes facilis de Saussure, 1853: 53 - “La Nouvelle-Hollande ” (Torino). - Froggatt, 1892: 232 (cat.). - Dalla Torre, 1894: 127 (cat.); 1904: 69 (cat.). - Yoshikawa, 1962: 26 (list). - Richards, 1978: 7 (key), 15 (in subgenus Megapolistes; Qld.). - Casolari &amp; Casolari Moreno, 1979: 126 (list). - Cardale, 1985: 210 (in subgenus Megapolistes; cat.). - Carpenter, 1996b: 5 (in subgenus Gyrostoma; list).</p> <p>Polistes tepidus var. facilis; Meade-Waldo, 1912a: 452 (Old.).</p> <p>Distribution: NE coastal; Qld.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/036C87E0B12DFF8ED3CF5477672AC25C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Carpenter, James M.;Brown, Graham R.	Carpenter, James M., Brown, Graham R. (2022): Catalogue of the Australian social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Zootaxa 5214 (4): 451-495, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5214.4.1
036C87E0B12DFF8FD3CF5757600FC27B.text	036C87E0B12DFF8FD3CF5757600FC27B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polistes olivaceus (DeGeer 1773) DeGeer	<div><p>olivaceus (DeGeer)</p> <p>Vespa olivacea DeGeer, 1773: 582, pl. 29 Fig. 9 - “Amérique” (? Stockholm).</p> <p>Vespa hebraea Fabricius, 1787: 292 - “in India orientali” (København). - Gmelin, 1790: 2756. - Olivier, 1792: 690. - Fabricius, 1793: 274; 1804: 273. - Jurine, 1807: 169. - Liu, 1937: 211 (syn. of P. olivaceus DeGeer). - Zimsen, 1964: 403 (list).</p> <p>Vespa undata Olivier, 1792: 684 - “Indes orientales” (type depository unknown). - de Saussure, 1853: 54 (syn. of P. hebraeus). - Dalla Torre, 1904: 70 (syn. of P. hebraeus).</p> <p>Vespa macaensis Fabricius, 1793: 259 - “in Macao Indiae” (London). - Jurine, 1807: 169. - de Saussure, 1853: 54 (syn. of P. hebraeus). - Dalla Torre, 1904: 70 (syn. of P. hebraeus). - Zimsen, 1964: 403 (list).</p> <p>Polistes macaensis; Fabricius, 1804: 272. - Cameron, 1887: 263 (Tahiti). - Dalla Torre, 1894: 131 (cat.). - Meade-Waldo, 1912b: 44 (syn.: P. hebraea). - Bequaert, 1918: 346 (Zanzibar; Mauritius; cat.). - Snell &amp; Tams, 1920: 289 (Rodrigues). - Liu, 1937: 210 (cat.). - Bequaert, 1938: 132 (key), 137. - Yoshikawa, 1962: 30 (list).</p> <p>Polistes hebraea; Fabricius, 1804: 273. - Lamarck, 1817: 90. - Lepeletier, 1836: 525. - de Saussure, 1853: 53 (hebraeus; syns.: macaensis Fabricius, undata Olivier; Mauritius). - Smith, 1857: 101 (hebraeus; cat.). - Horne, 1870: 170. - Smith, 1871: 380 (distr.). - Gerstaecker, 1873: 324 (Seychelles). - Smith, 1873: 197 (hebraeus). - Rothney, 1877: 92. - Smith, 1879: 534 (hebraeus; Rodrigues). - de Saussure, 1890: 143 (key), 144, Fig. D (hebraeus; Madagascar; Réunion; Mauritius). - Dalla Torre, 1894: 130 (hebraeus; cat.); 1904: 70 (hebraeus; cat.). - Cameron, 1907: 71 (hebraeus). - MeadeWaldo, 1912b: 44 (syn. of P. macaensis). - Dover, 1929: 47 (hebraeus; Malaysia); 1931 [1930]: 259 (distr.).</p> <p>? Polistes flavipennis de Saussure, 1853: 52, female - “Le cap de Bonne-Espérance” (Paris). - Yoshikawa, 1962: 26 (list). - Carpenter, 1996b: 5 (? syn. of olivaceus (DeGeer); 1999: 25 (note on type; possible syn. of olivaceus (DeGeer)).</p> <p>Polistes olivaceus; de Saussure, 1853: 102 (species dubiae). - Dalla Torre, 1894: 133 (cat.); 1904: 72 (species dubiae). - Liu, 1937: 211 (olivaceous [!]; syn.: hebraea Fabricius; cat.). - Bequaert, 1938: 132 (key), 145 (Seychelles; Madagascar; Mauritius; Rodrigues). - Bequaert &amp; Yasumatsu, 1939: 314 (Marianas). - Sonan, 1943: 467, 477 (olivaceous [!]). - Giordani Soika, 1957: 483 (Oman). - Yoshikawa, 1962: 33 (list). - van der Vecht, 1968a: 97 (in subgenus Megapolistes; syns.: hebraeus Fabricius, undatus Olivier, macaensis Fabricius). - Giordani Soika, 1974 [1972]: 70. - Richards, 1973: 86, 99 (in subgenus Megapolistes); 1978: 523 (redescription); 1978: 7 (key), 13 (in subgenus Megapolistes; nest from the Seychelles; redescription; Qld.). - Harris, 1979: 41-44 (New Zealand). - van der Vecht, 1979: 30 (Nepal). - Yamane &amp; Yamane, 1979: 5, 27, 32 (key; Kalimantan; Philippines; Sri Lanka). - Yamane &amp; Okazawa, 1981: 65, Fig. 1 (larva). - Das &amp; Gupta, 1984 [1983]: 407 (in subgenus Megapolistes; cat.). - Cardale, 1985: 210 (in subgenus Megapolistes; cat.). - Das &amp; Gupta, 1989: 51 (key), 52, Figs 15i–j, 15l, 16d, 16f–g, 16k–l. - Madl, 1995: 1100 (Sainte Marie). - Carpenter, 1996a: 53 (in subgenus Megapolistes); 1996b: 5 (in subgenus Gyrostoma; list). - Wenzel, 1998: 25, Fig. 15C (nest). - Kojima, 1998: 15, 212, Figs 39–46 (larva). - Gusenleitner, 2006: 679 (India). - Kuhlmann, 2006: 29 (Cook Is.). - Carpenter &amp; Madl, 2009: 1902 (cat.). - Beggs et al., 2011: 514 (questionable in Australia and New Zealand). - Nugroho et al., 2012 [2011]: 136 (list). - Tan et al., 2014: 381 (key), 386, Fig. 19 (China). - Santos et al., 2015: Figs 1–8, 9 (phylogenetic relationships). - Dorji et al., 2016: 130 (Bhutan). - Rafi et al., 2017: 19 (Pakistan; list). - Nguyen et al., 2018: Figs 1–3 (phylogenetic relationships). - Nguyen &amp; Carpenter, 2019: 55 (Vietnam), 62 (key), Figs 4–6. - Carpenter &amp; Gadallah, 2020: 211 (list). - Rahmani et al., 2020: 65 (Iran; list). - Gawas et al., 2020: 46 (India; cat.). - Somavilla et al., 2021: Figs 1–3 (phylogenetic relationships).</p> <p>Polistes hebraeus var. macaensis; Dover, 1926: 234 (Hong Kong).</p> <p>Vespa cohabitatrix Curtiss, 1938: 156, male, female - [French Polynesia] “At Tautira” (type destroyed). NEW SYNONYMY.</p> <p>Distribution: introduced into Brisbane (1946, 1953), possibly temporarily established; introduced into New Zealand (1921, 1978) but not established; native distribution is Asia and Indo-Pacific islands.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/036C87E0B12DFF8FD3CF5757600FC27B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Carpenter, James M.;Brown, Graham R.	Carpenter, James M., Brown, Graham R. (2022): Catalogue of the Australian social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Zootaxa 5214 (4): 451-495, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5214.4.1
036C87E0B12CFF88D3CF573461A2C517.text	036C87E0B12CFF88D3CF573461A2C517.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polistes schach (Fabricius 1781)	<div><p>schach (Fabricius)</p> <p>Vespa schach Fabricius, 1781: 461 - “in nova Hollandia ” (holotype female London); 1787. - Gmelin, 1790: 2750. - Olivier, 1792: 682 (schuch [!]). - Fabricius, 1793: 260. - Jurine, 1807: 168. - Zimsen, 1964: 403 (list).</p> <p>Polistes schach; Fabricius, 1804: 270. - de Saussure, 1853: 50 (syn.: P. orientalis Lepeletier). - Froggatt, 1892: 233 (cat.). - Dalla Torre, 1894: 134 (cat.); 1904: 71 (cat.). - Cameron, 1900a: 410 (compared to P. rothneyi n. sp.). - Meade-Waldo, 1911: 103 (key). - Currie, 1928: 100–102 (prey: Heliothis obsoleta). - Winburn &amp; Painter, 1932: 8 (list). - Yoshikawa, 1962: 36 (syns.: P. orientalis Lepeletier, P. gyrostoma de Saussure, P. confusus Smith; list). - van der Vecht, 1968a: 97 (in subgenus Megapolistes). - Richards, 1978: 8 (key), 18 (in subgenus Megapolistes; redescription; nest; Qld.; W. A.). - Cardale, 1985: 210 (in subgenus Megapolistes; cat.). - Borsato, 1994 [1993]: 250 (N. T.; Qld.). - Forster, 1994: 215 (pollination of Gomphocarpus physocarpus). - Carpenter, 1996a: 53 (in subgenus Megapolistes); 1996b: 7 (in subgenus Gyrostoma; list). - Kojima, 1998: 16, 212, Figs 47–58 (larva). - Brown, 2009: 30 (in subgenus Gyrostoma; N. T.: North Coast). - Piekarski et al., 2018: Fig. 2 (phylogenetic relationships).</p> <p>Distribution: NE coastal, Murray-Darling basin, N coastal; Qld., N. S. W., W. A., N. T.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/036C87E0B12CFF88D3CF573461A2C517	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Carpenter, James M.;Brown, Graham R.	Carpenter, James M., Brown, Graham R. (2022): Catalogue of the Australian social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Zootaxa 5214 (4): 451-495, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5214.4.1
036C87E0B12BFF88D3CF550C6687C1CB.text	036C87E0B12BFF88D3CF550C6687C1CB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polistes (Polistella) Ashmead, 1904	<div><p>Subgenus Polistella Ashmead</p> <p>Polistella Ashmead, 1904: 133, genus.</p> <p>Type species: Polistes manillensis de Saussure, 1853, by original designation. [Misidentification of Protopolybia sedula (de Saussure) = P. exigua (de Saussure).]</p> <p>Stenopolistes van der van der Vecht, 1972 [1971]: 101, subgenus of Polistes Latreille.</p> <p>Type species: Polistes lateritius Smith, 1857, by original designation.</p> <p>This subgenus is also found in the Oriental and Ethiopian Regions.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/036C87E0B12BFF88D3CF550C6687C1CB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Carpenter, James M.;Brown, Graham R.	Carpenter, James M., Brown, Graham R. (2022): Catalogue of the Australian social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Zootaxa 5214 (4): 451-495, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5214.4.1
036C87E0B12BFF88D3CF54A46735C2CF.text	036C87E0B12BFF88D3CF54A46735C2CF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polistes humilis (Fabricius 1781)	<div><p>humilis centrocontinentalis Giordani Soika</p> <p>Polistes humilis centrocontinentalis Giordani Soika, 1975: 20, female - “ Australia centrale ” (Venezia). - Richards, 1978: 45 (not seen). - Cardale, 1985: 212 (in subgenus Polistella; cat.). - Carpenter, 1996b: 11 (in subgenus Polistella; list). - Borsato &amp; Ratti, 1999: 101 (list). - Brown, 2009: 30 (in subgenus Polistella; N. T.).</p> <p>Distribution: type locality only.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/036C87E0B12BFF88D3CF54A46735C2CF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Carpenter, James M.;Brown, Graham R.	Carpenter, James M., Brown, Graham R. (2022): Catalogue of the Australian social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Zootaxa 5214 (4): 451-495, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5214.4.1
036C87E0B12BFF88D3CF50006611C047.text	036C87E0B12BFF88D3CF50006611C047.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polistes tepidus (Fabricius 1775)	<div><p>tepidus tepidus (Fabricius)</p> <p>Vespa tepida Fabricius, 1775: 366 - “in nova Hollandia ” (holotype female London); 1781: 462; 1787: 287. - Gmelin, 1790: 2752. - Christ, 1791: 242. - Olivier, 1792: 682. - Fabricius, 1793: 262. - Donovan, 1804: pl. 57. - Zimsen, 1964: 403 (list).</p> <p>Polistes tepidus; Fabricius, 1804: 271. - de Saussure, 1853: 68, pl. VIII Fig. 1. - Möbius, 1856: 167, pl. 18 Fig. 7. - Smith, 1864: 138 (nest). - Froggatt, 1892: 233 (cat.). - Dalla Torre, 1894: 135 (cat.). - Badenoch, 1898: 185, Fig. 28 (nest). - DallaTorre, 1904: 71 (cat.). - Meade-Waldo, 1911: 102 (syn.: P. malayanus Cameron), 103 (key); 1912a: 452 (New Guinea). - Meade-Waldo &amp; Morley, 1914: 406 (syn.: P. malayanus Cameron). - Bridwell, 1919; 120–122 (taxonomic note). - Cheesman, 1951: 982. (New Guinea). - Yoshikawa, 1962: 39 (syn.: P. malayanus Cameron; list). - van der Vecht, 1972 [1971]: 90 (malayanus Cameron “sufficently different to be regarded as a subspecies”). - Hook, 1982: 277–278 (ethology). - Petersen, 1990: 63 (“North Queensland is obviously a zone of intergradiation of tepidus and malayanus ”). - Williams &amp; Adam, 1995: 56 (flower visits); 1998: 54, 67 (pollen load). - Saito et al., 2005: 102 (distr.).</p> <p>Polistes tepidus tepidus; Richards, 1978: 8 (key), 19 (syn: P. malayanus Cameron; in subgenus Megapolistes; nest from New Guinea; redescription). - Cardale, 1985: 210 (in subgenus Megapolistes; cat.). - Kojima &amp; Kojima, 1988: 70, Figs 1–11 (male genitalia; larva). - Carpenter, 1996a: 53 (in subgenus Megapolistes); 1996b: 9 (in subgenus Gyrostoma; list).</p> <p>Distribution: NE coastal, SE coastal; Qld., N. S. W., Vic.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/036C87E0B12BFF88D3CF50006611C047	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Carpenter, James M.;Brown, Graham R.	Carpenter, James M., Brown, Graham R. (2022): Catalogue of the Australian social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Zootaxa 5214 (4): 451-495, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5214.4.1
036C87E0B12BFF89D3CF57A86777C103.text	036C87E0B12BFF89D3CF57A86777C103.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polistes humilis (Fabricius 1781)	<div><p>humilis humilis (Fabricius)</p> <p>Vespa humilis Fabricius, 1781: 461 - “in nova Hollandia ” (lectotype male London); 1787: 288. - Gmelin, 1790: 2752. - Olivier, 1792: 682. - Fabricius, 1793: 261. - Zimsen, 1964: 403 (list). - Richards, 1978: 43 (designation of lectotype).</p> <p>Polistes humilis; Fabricius, 1804: 270. - de Saussure, 1853: 52 (“La Tasmanie”). - Froggatt, 1892: 233 (cat.). - Dalla Torre, 1894: 130 (cat.); 1904: 70 (cat.). - Meade-Waldo, 1911: 103 (syn.: P. tasmaniensis de Saussure), 104 (key). - Cumber, 1951: 11–16 (ethology in New Zealand); 1961. 8: 57–58, Fig. 1 (ecology in New Zealand). - Yoshikawa, 1962: 29 (list). - Robertson, 1968: 133–166 (venom apparatus). - Giordani Soika, 1975: 20 (type redescribed; S. A.; N. S. W.). - Chadwick &amp; Nikitin, 1976: 29 (N. S. W.; parasite: Arthula sp.). - Owen, 1979: 519–523 (venom). - Sutherland, 1981: 1–128. - Clapperton et al., 1989: 315-323 (distr. in New Zealand), - Williams &amp; Adam, 1993: 478–480 (pollination). - Kojima &amp; Spradbery, 1994: 113 (A. C. T.). - Williams &amp; Adam, 1995: 56 (flower visits). - Clapperton et al., 1996: 19–25 (distr. in New Zealand). - Wenzel, 1998: 25 (nest examined). - Williams &amp; Adam, 1998: 54, 67 (pollen load). - Clapperton, 1999: 11–19 (ecology in New Zealand). - Clapperton &amp; Lo, 2000: 189–195 (nesting biology in New Zealand). - Kasper et al., 2004: 2037–2048 (prey). - Hoggard et al., 2009: 73–76 (biology). - Durant et al., 2009: 568 (nest box occupation). - Boulter et al., 2011: 467 (flower visiting). - Beggs et al., 2011: 514 (introduction in New Zealand). - Hoggard et al., 2013: 53–58 (antimicrobial defenses). - Viollet &amp; Zeil, 2013: 1280–1291 (flight). - Santos et al., 2015: Figs 1–8, 9 (phylogenetic relationships). - Nguyen et al., 2018: Figs 1–3 (phylogenetic relationships). - Lefort et al., 2020: 57–79 (diet in New Zealand). - Schmack et al., 2020: 441–452 (ecology in New Zealand); 2021: 1199–1211 (ecology in New Zealand).</p> <p>Polistes Tasmaniensis de Saussure, 1853: 66, pl.VI Fig. 6, female, male - “La Nouvelle-Hollande ” (lectotype female Paris); 1863: 236. - Froggatt, 1892: 233 (cat.). - Dalla Torre, 1894: 135 (cat.); 1904: 71 (cat.). - Froggatt, 1907: 1–449 (ethology). - Meade-Waldo, 1911: 103 (syn. of P. humilis (Fabricius)). - Brewster, 1912: 140 (rearing). - Brewster et al., 1946: 1–332 (Qld.; rearing). - Ramsay, 1964: 10–16 (prey in New Zealand: larvae of Danaus plexippus (L.)). - Crosskey, 1973: 180 (parasite: Anacamptomyia nigriventris Malloch). - Richards, 1978: 43 (designation of lectotype). - Casolari &amp; Casolari Moreno, 1979: 126 (list).</p> <p>Polistes Tricolor de Saussure, 1853: 67, female - “La Nouvelle-Hollande ” (London) [junior secondary homonym of Polistes tricolor (Fabricius, 1775)]. - Froggatt, 1892: 233 (cat.). - Dalla Torre, 1894: 135 (cat.); 1904: 71 (cat.). - Meade-Waldo, 1911: 104 (key). - Yoshikawa, 1962: 39 (list). - Richards, 1978: 43 (syn. of P. humilis (Fabricius)).</p> <p>Polistes humilis pseudoschach Giordani Soika, 1975: 21, female - “ N. S. Wales: Dubbo” (Sydney; not found); also from Buckinguy; and Qld. - Richards, 1978: 43 (syn. of P. humilis humilis (Fabricius)). - Borsato &amp; Ratti, 1999: 101 (pseudoscach [!]; list).</p> <p>Polistes humilis humilis; Richards, 1978: 10 (key), 43 (in subgenus Polistella; nest; redescription). - Cardale, 1985: 212 (in subgenus Polistella; cat.). - Field &amp; Darby, 1991: 195 (screened for biocontrol agent Sphecophaga vesparum). - Carpenter, 1996b: 11 (in subgenus Polistella; list). - Kojima, 1998: 21, 212 (larva).</p> <p>Distribution: SE coastal, Murray-Darling basin; Qld., N. S. W., A.C.T., Vic., S. A.; introduced into New Zealand (1880s).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/036C87E0B12BFF89D3CF57A86777C103	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Carpenter, James M.;Brown, Graham R.	Carpenter, James M., Brown, Graham R. (2022): Catalogue of the Australian social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Zootaxa 5214 (4): 451-495, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5214.4.1
036C87E0B12AFF8AD3CF54EC6187C637.text	036C87E0B12AFF8AD3CF54EC6187C637.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polistes humilis (Fabricius 1781)	<div><p>humilis synoecus de Saussure</p> <p>Polistes Synoecus de Saussure, 1853: 65, pl. VI Fig. 6, female, male - “La Nouvelle-Hollande ” (lectotype male Paris). - Froggatt, 1892: 233 (cat.). - Dalla Torre, 1894: 134 (cat.); 1904: 71 (cat.). - Yoshikawa, 1962: 38 (list). - Richards, 1978: 46 (designation of lectotype).</p> <p>Polistes variabilis reginae Meade-Waldo, 1911: 101, 104 (key), female - “Cooktown, N. Queensland ” (London). - Yoshikawa, 1962: 40 (list). - Richards, 1978: 46 (syn. of P. humilis synoecus (de Saussure)).</p> <p>Polistes variabilis synoecus; Meade-Waldo, 1911: 104 (key).</p> <p>Polistes humilis variabilis; McKeown, 1942: 1–304. - Anon., 1950: 469–470 (nest; W. A.). - Glauert, 1950: 139 (biology; W. A.). - Douglas &amp; Serventy, 1951: 169–174 (biology; W. A.). - Loaring, 1951: 20 (nest; W. A.). - Zeck, 1956: 90–91 (biology). - Morecombe, 1968: 57 (photograph). Misidentification.</p> <p>Polistes humilis xanthorrhoicus Giordani Soika, 1975: 21, female - “ North Queensland ” (London). - Richards, 1978: 46 (xanthorhoicus [!]; syn. of P. humilis synoecus (de Saussure)). - Borsato &amp; Ratti, 1999: 101 (list).</p> <p>Polistes humilis clarior Giordani Soika, 1975: 22, female - “ North Queensland ” (London). - Richards, 1978: 46 (syn. of P. humilis synoecus (de Saussure)). - Borsato &amp; Ratti, 1999: 101 (list).</p> <p>Polistes reginae; Giordani Soika, 1975: 24 (compared to P. richardsi n. sp.).</p> <p>Polistes humilis synoecus; Richards, 1978: 10 (key), 46 (in subgenus Polistella; redescription; nest; Tahiti; Moorea). - Cardale, 1985: 212 (in subgenus Polistella; cat.). - Itô, 1986a: 191–202, Figs 1–3 (ethology; Qld.). - Kojima, 1987a: 142, Figs 14–22 (larva). - Hutchison, 1989: 138 (nesting). - Field &amp; Darby, 1991: 195 (screened for biocontrol agent Sphecophaga vesparum). - Borsato, 1994 [1993]: 250 (Qld.). - Carpenter, 1996a: 53 (in subgenus Polistella); 1996b: 12 (in subgenus Polistella; list). - Hunt et al., 1998: 466–472 (honey composition). - Cameron et al., 2008: 800– 808 (mitogenome). - Brown, 2009: 30 (in subgenus Polistella; North Coast). - Gusenleitner, 2011: 1291 (Tahiti). - Ward &amp; Johnson, 2013: 566–572 (pollination of invasive milkweeds).</p> <p>? Polistes variabilis; Solley, 1990: 650–654 (allergic reaction). - Billen, 2006: 78, Fig. 2D (morphology).</p> <p>Polistes humilis; Whittle et al., 2013: 113–130 (surveying, Barrow Island).</p> <p>Distribution: NE coastal, SE coastal, Murray-Darling basin, SW coastal; Qld., N. S. W., W. A., N. T.; introduced into the Perth area in about 1950, also introduced into Moorea; Tahiti.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/036C87E0B12AFF8AD3CF54EC6187C637	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Carpenter, James M.;Brown, Graham R.	Carpenter, James M., Brown, Graham R. (2022): Catalogue of the Australian social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Zootaxa 5214 (4): 451-495, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5214.4.1
036C87E0B129FF8AD3CF53E0667EC70B.text	036C87E0B129FF8AD3CF53E0667EC70B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polistes laevigatissimus Giordani Soika 1975	<div><p>laevigatissimus Giordani Soika</p> <p>Polistes laevigatissimus Giordani Soika, 1975: 25, female - “ NW Australia: Lombardia, Broome” (Sydney; not found). - Richards, 1978: 8 (key), 22 (in subgenus Stenopolistes; redescription). - Cardale, 1985: 211 (in subgenus Stenopolistes; cat.). - Carpenter, 1996b: 12 (in subgenus Polistella; list). - Borsato &amp; Ratti, 1999: 101 (list).</p> <p>Distribution: N coastal, W. A.; type locality only.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/036C87E0B129FF8AD3CF53E0667EC70B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Carpenter, James M.;Brown, Graham R.	Carpenter, James M., Brown, Graham R. (2022): Catalogue of the Australian social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Zootaxa 5214 (4): 451-495, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5214.4.1
036C87E0B129FF8AD3CF52E467C6C063.text	036C87E0B129FF8AD3CF52E467C6C063.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polistes riekii Richards 1978	<div><p>riekii Richards</p> <p>Polistes riekii Richards, 1978: 8 (key), 23, female (in subgenus Stenopolistes) - “ Australia: Queensland Q3, Iron Range” (Canberra); also from three other localities. - Cardale, 1985: 211 (in subgenus Stenopolistes; cat.). - Carpenter, 1996b: 14 (in subgenus Polistella; list).</p> <p>Distribution: NE coastal, N Gulf; Qld.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/036C87E0B129FF8AD3CF52E467C6C063	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Carpenter, James M.;Brown, Graham R.	Carpenter, James M., Brown, Graham R. (2022): Catalogue of the Australian social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Zootaxa 5214 (4): 451-495, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5214.4.1
036C87E0B129FF8AD3CF550C675FC103.text	036C87E0B129FF8AD3CF550C675FC103.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polistes sgarambus Giordani Soika 1975	<div><p>sgarambus Giordani Soika</p> <p>Polistes sgarambus Giordani Soika, 1975: 24, female - “ N. Territory: E Alligator Riv., Oenpelli” (Sydney; not found). - Richards, 1978: 10 (key), 41 (in subgenus Polistella; “Probable Male”; redescription; N. T.). - Cardale, 1985: 212 (in subgenus Polistella; cat.). - Borsato, 1994 [1993]: 250 (N. T.). - Carpenter, 1996b: 14 (in subgenus Polistella; list). - Borsato &amp; Ratti, 1999: 101 (list). - Brown, 2009: 30 (in subgenus Polistella; North Coast).</p> <p>Distribution: N coastal; N. T.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/036C87E0B129FF8AD3CF550C675FC103	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Carpenter, James M.;Brown, Graham R.	Carpenter, James M., Brown, Graham R. (2022): Catalogue of the Australian social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Zootaxa 5214 (4): 451-495, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5214.4.1
036C87E0B129FF8BD3CF54EC605AC6D3.text	036C87E0B129FF8BD3CF54EC605AC6D3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ropalidia stigma (Smith 1858) Le Guillou	<div><p>stigma bernardii Le Guillou</p> <p>Polistes bernardii Le Guillou, 1841a: 321, female - “ Australie septentrionale” (? Paris); 1841b: 325. - de Saussure, 1853: 70. - Roth, 1885: 326 (ethology; Qld.). - Froggatt, 1892: 232 (cat.). - Dalla Torre, 1894: 123 (cat.); 1904: 69 (cat.). - Meade-Waldo, 1911: 104 (key). - Cheesman, 1928: 181 (Tahiti). - Yoshikawa, 1962: 21 (list). - Giordani Soika, 1975: 22 (redescription; Qld.; N. T.). - Wenzel, 1998: 25 (nest examined).</p> <p>Polistes variabilis; Meade-Waldo, 1912a: 452 (New Guinea; Qld., N. T.) [misidentification]. - Kojima &amp; Carpenter, 1997b: 118 (Meade-Waldo’s specimens examined; misidentified).</p> <p>Polistes richardsi Giordani Soika, 1975: 23, female, male - “ N. Territory: Roper Riv.” (holotype female Adelaide); also from Darwin; and Qld. - Petersen, 1987: 227 (richtersi [!]; syn. of P. bernardii Le Guillou). - Borsato &amp; Ratti, 1999: 101 (list).</p> <p>Polistes bernardii bernardii; Richards, 1978: 9 (key), 27 (in subgenus Polistella; N. T.). - Cardale, 1985: 211 (in subgenus Polistella; cat.).</p> <p>Polistes bernardii duplicinctus Richards, 1978: 9 (key), 28, female, male (in subgenus Polistella) – “ Western Australia, Millstream, 117°04’E., 21°35’S ” (holotype female Canberra); also from five other localities. - Cardale, 1985: 211 (in subgenus Polistella; cat.). - Petersen, 1987: 234 (? syn. of P. stigma bernardii Le Guillou).</p> <p>Polistes bernardii richardsi; Richards, 1978: 9 (key), 29 (in subgenus Polistella; nest; N. T., Qld.). - Cardale, 1985: 211 (in subgenus Polistella; cat.). - Itô, 1986b: 309 (ethology). - Kojima, 1987a: 141, Figs 1–13 (larva). - Borsato, 1994 [1993]: 250 (Qld.).</p> <p>Polistes bernardii insulae Richards, 1978: 9 (key), 30, female, male (in subgenus Polistella) - “Queensland, Dauan I.” (holotype female Canberra); also from four other localities; and New Guinea. - Cardale, 1985: 211 (in subgenus Polistella; cat.). - Petersen, 1987: 234 (? syn. of P. stigma bernardii Le Guillou).</p> <p>Polistes stigma bernardii; Petersen, 1987: 227. - Carpenter, 1996a: 53 (stigmus; in subgenus Megapolistes); 1996b: 15 (in subgenus Polistella; list). - Pickett &amp; Wenzel, 2004: Figs 2–4 (phylogenetic relationships). - Pickett et al., 2006:, Figs 3–5 (phylogenetic relationships). - Brown, 2009: 30 (in subgenus Polistella; North Coast, Northern Gulf). - Nugroho et al., 2012 [2011]: 143 (list). - Santos et al., 2015: Figs 1–8, 9 (phylogenetic relationships). - Nguyen et al., 2018: Figs 1–3 (phylogenetic relationships).</p> <p>Distribution: N Gulf, N coastal, N. T., NE coastal; Qld.; also New Guinea; introduced into Tahiti.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/036C87E0B129FF8BD3CF54EC605AC6D3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Carpenter, James M.;Brown, Graham R.	Carpenter, James M., Brown, Graham R. (2022): Catalogue of the Australian social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Zootaxa 5214 (4): 451-495, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5214.4.1
036C87E0B128FF8BD3CF561F6414C3A0.text	036C87E0B128FF8BD3CF561F6414C3A0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polistes Latreille in de Saussure 1853	<div><p>Subgenus Polistes Latreille</p> <p>This subgenus is found in the Oriental, Palaearctic and Ethiopian Regions, and introduced into Australia and North and South America.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/036C87E0B128FF8BD3CF561F6414C3A0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Carpenter, James M.;Brown, Graham R.	Carpenter, James M., Brown, Graham R. (2022): Catalogue of the Australian social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Zootaxa 5214 (4): 451-495, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5214.4.1
036C87E0B128FF8BD3CF53DC6798C0BF.text	036C87E0B128FF8BD3CF53DC6798C0BF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polistes stigma (Fabricius 1793) Giordani Soika	<div><p>stigma townsvillensis Giordani Soika</p> <p>Polistes townsvillensis Giordani Soika, 1975: 22, female, male - “ N. Queensland: Townsville” (holotype female Melbourne); also from Amaden; and N. T.; W. A. [two paratypes transferred to Polistes bernardii duplicinctus by Richards, 1978] - Borsato &amp; Ratti, 1999: 102 (list).</p> <p>Polistes townsvillensis townsvillensis; Richards, 1978: 9 (key), 36 (in subgenus Polistella; Qld., N. T., W. A.). - Cardale, 1985: 212 (in subgenus Polistella; cat.).</p> <p>Polistes townsvillensis austrinus Richards, 1978: 9 (key), 37, female, male (in subgenus Polistella) - “ Queensland Q1, Bundaberg” (holotype female Canberra). - Cardale, 1985: 213 (in subgenus Polistella; cat.). - Petersen, 1987: 234 (? syn. of stigma townsvillensis Giordani Soika). - Field &amp; Darby, 1991: 195 (screened for biocontrol agent Sphecophaga vesparum).</p> <p>Polistes stigma townsvillensis; Petersen, 1987: 227. - Carpenter, 1996a: 53 (stigmus; in subgenus Polistella); 1996b: 17 (in subgenus Polistella; list). - Jourdan &amp; Mille, 2006: 209 (New Caledonia). - Brown, 2009: 30 (in subgenus Polistella; North Coast, Northern Gulf). - Gusenleitner &amp; Madl, 2011: 138 (New Caledonia; cat.).</p> <p>Distribution: NE coastal, N Gulf, N coastal, SE coastal, Murray-Darling basin; Qld., W. A., N. T., N. S. W., Vic.; introduced into New Caledonia.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/036C87E0B128FF8BD3CF53DC6798C0BF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Carpenter, James M.;Brown, Graham R.	Carpenter, James M., Brown, Graham R. (2022): Catalogue of the Australian social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Zootaxa 5214 (4): 451-495, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5214.4.1
036C87E0B128FF8BD3CF5478672AC37F.text	036C87E0B128FF8BD3CF5478672AC37F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polistes variabilis (Fabricius 1781)	<div><p>variabilis (Fabricius)</p> <p>Vespa variabilis Fabricius, 1781: 466 - “in nova Hollandia ” (holotype male London); 1787: 288. - Gmelin, 1790: 2756. - Olivier, 1792: 690. - Zimsen, 1964: 403 (list).</p> <p>Polistes variabilis; Fabricius, 1804: 273. - de Saussure, 1853: 66. - Froggatt, 1892: 233 (cat.). - Dalla Torre, 1894: 135 (cat.); 1904: 71 (cat.). - Meade-Waldo, 1911: 104 (key). - Cheesman, 1951: 991 (type compared to P. comis n. sp.). - Yoshikawa, 1962: 40 (list). - Richards, 1978: 10 (key), 40 (in subgenus Polistella; redescription; Qld.). - Cardale, 1985: 213 (in subgenus Polistella; cat.). - Carpenter, 1996a: 54 (in subgenus Polistella); 1996b: 17 (in subgenus Polistella; list). - Kojima, 1998: 27, 213, Figs 126–141 (larva). - Kojima &amp; Carpenter, 1997b: 117–122, Figs 1, 3, 6 (diagnostic characters; nest; Qld.). - Santos et al., 2015: Figs 1–8, 9 (phylogenetic relationships). - Nguyen et al., 2018: Figs 1–3 (phylogenetic relationships).</p> <p>Polistes humilis var. variabilis; Bequaert, 1928: 58.</p> <p>Polistes humilis variabilis; Giordani Soika, 1975: 21. - Richards, 1978: 42 (compared with P. sgarambus; “seems to be very rare in Northern Territory ”).</p> <p>Distribution: NE coastal; Qld.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/036C87E0B128FF8BD3CF5478672AC37F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Carpenter, James M.;Brown, Graham R.	Carpenter, James M., Brown, Graham R. (2022): Catalogue of the Australian social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Zootaxa 5214 (4): 451-495, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5214.4.1
036C87E0B127FF84D3CF51F86148C70B.text	036C87E0B127FF84D3CF51F86148C70B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polistes chinensis (Fabricius 1793) Perez	<div><p>chinensis antennalis Pérez</p> <p>Polistes biglumis var. antennalis Pérez, 1905: 81, female – “ Japon …, de Konéy-Tchéou” (lectotype Paris). - Kojima, 1997: 26 (designation of lectotype).</p> <p>Polistes antennalis; Yano, 1932: 300, Fig. 582 (Japan).</p> <p>Polistes chinensis var. antennalis; Liu, 1937: 207 (China; cat.).</p> <p>Polistes chinensis antennalis; Morimoto, 1954: 235-245 (nesting in Japan). - Yoshikawa, 1962: 24 (list; “change to biglumis antennalis ”). - Yamane &amp; Yamane, 1987: 219 (syn.: insepultus Giordani Soika). - Carpenter, 1996b: 19 (in subgenus Polistes; list). - Clapperton et al., 1996: 19–25 (distr. in New Zealand). - Clapperton &amp; Dymock, 1997: 9–15 (ecology in New Zealand). - Kojima, 1998: 36, 213, Figs 197–211 (larva). - Cardale, 1999: 3–4 (Australia). - Clapperton, 1999: 11–19 (ecology in New Zealand). - Clapperton &amp; Lo, 2000: 189–195 (nesting biology in New Zealand). - Santos et al., 2015: Figs 1–8, 9 (phylogenetic relationships). - Schmack et al., 2020: 441–452 (ecology in New Zealand); 2021: (ecology in New Zealand).</p> <p>Polistes insepultus Giordani Soika, 1976: 288, Fig. 1b, female [North Korea] “Prov. South Pyongan, De-Sang san, 12 km NE from Pyongyan” (Budapest); also from two other localities. - Yamane &amp; Yamane, 1987: 219 (syn. of chinensis antennalis Pérez).</p> <p>Polistes chinensis; Clapperton et al., 1989: 315-323 (introduced New Zealand), - Beggs et al., 2011: 507 (introduced Australia). - Howse et al., 2022: 1–17 (prey in New Zealand).</p> <p>Distribution: SE; N. S. W., A. C. T., Vic.; introduced into the Sydney area, established by 2008; native to the Palaearctic Region and introduced into New Zealand (1979).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/036C87E0B127FF84D3CF51F86148C70B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Carpenter, James M.;Brown, Graham R.	Carpenter, James M., Brown, Graham R. (2022): Catalogue of the Australian social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Zootaxa 5214 (4): 451-495, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5214.4.1
036C87E0B127FF85D3CF52E4601CC5FB.text	036C87E0B127FF85D3CF52E4601CC5FB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polistes dominula (Christ 1791)	<div><p>dominula (Christ)</p> <p>Vespa dominula Christ, 1791: 229, pl. 21 Fig. 1, female, male - [Germany] “Kronenberg an der Höh” (type depository unknown). - Kohl, 1898: 88 (syn. of biglumis “Fabricius” or P. gallica (Linnaeus)). - Das &amp; Gupta, 1984: 404 (dominuta [!]).</p> <p>Polistes italica Herrich-Schäffer, 1840: 196 [nomen nudum]; 1841: 39.</p> <p>Polistes pectoralis “Meg. ” Herrich-Schäffer, 1841: 39, Fig. 179.6, male - “ Italien ” (type lost). - Schenck, 1853, Jahrb. Ver. Naturk. Nassau 9 (1): 43. - Kohl, 1898: 88 (syn. of biglumis “Fabricius” or P. gallica).</p> <p>Polistes gallica var. Lefebvrei Guérin-Méneville, 1844: 447, pl. 72 Fig. 6, female, male - “ Égypte ” (? Genova). - de Saussure, 1853: 49 (Lefebvrii [!]; syn. of P. gallica (Linnaeus)). - Kohl, 1898: 88 (syn. of biglumis “Fabricius” or P. gallica (Linnaeus)). - Dalla Torre, 1894: 130 (cat.).</p> <p>Polistes maculatus Rudow, 1888: 171 - [Turkey] “ Smyrna ” (type depository unknown). - Dalla Torre, 1894: 130 (? syn. of P. gallica (Linnaeus)). - Yoshikawa, 1962: 28 (syn. of P. gallicus (Linnaeus)).</p> <p>Polistes gallica var. pectoralis; Dalla Torre, 1894: 130 (cat.).</p> <p>Polistes gallica; Kohl, 1898: 88 (status unclear), 89. - Yoshikawa, 1962: 28 (gallicus; list). - Guiglia, 1972: 48 (key), 50 (gallicus; in subgenus Polistes; ethology), Figs II, VII, XV-XVIII, XXII, pl. I. - Richards, 1973: 97 (gallicus; in subgenus Polistes). - Hathaway, 1981: 169–173, Fig. 1 (gallicus; introduced U. S. A.: Massachusetts). - Das &amp; Gupta, 1984 [1983]: 404 (gallicus; in subgenus Polistes; Pakistan); 1989: 42 (gallicus; key), Fig. 15a, map 3. - González, 1989 (introduced Chile). Misidentification.</p> <p>Polistes Merceti Dusmet, 1903: 146 (key), 149, male - [Spain] “Los Molinos en Madrid ” (? Madrid).</p> <p>Polistes gallicus var. rufescens du Buysson, 1912: 79 - “ Chine ” (? Paris).</p> <p>Polistes gallicus gallicus; Blüthgen, 1961: 51 (key), 52, 53 (in subgenus Polistes). Misidentification.</p> <p>Polistes gallicus lefebvrei; Yoshikawa, 1962: 28 (list).</p> <p>Polistes gallicus pectoralis; Yoshikawa, 1962: 28 (list).</p> <p>Polistes gallicus rufescens; Yoshikawa, 1962: 28 (list).</p> <p>Polistes dominulus; Day, 1979: 63 (= gallicus auctt.). - Cardale, 1985: 209 (in subgenus Polistes; introduced W. A.; cat.). - Carpenter, 1996a: 54, Fig. 2.4(d) (in subgenus Polistes); 1996b: 19 (in subgenus Polistes; list). - Kojima, 1998: 34, 213, Figs 176–182 (larva). - Cervo et al., 2000, Ins. Soc. 47: 155-157 (spread in North America). - Sackmann et al., 2003: 72 (introduced Argentina). - Borkent &amp; Cannings, 2004: 149 (introduced Canada: British Columbia). - Pickett et al., 2006: Figs 3–7 (phylogenetic relationships; relatedness). - Eardley et al., 2009: 226 (introduced South Africa). - Santos et al., 2015: Figs 1–8, 9 (dominula; phylogenetic relationships). - Ministry for Primary Industries (2016): 26 (introduced New Zealand). - Schmid-Egger et al., 2017: 64 (key), 94, Figs 10–12 (dominula). - Gray et al., 2019: 292 (introduced St. Helena). - Gereys et al., 2019: 245 (dominula; introduced Benin). - Howse et al., 2020: 784 (dominula; modeling of spread); 2022: 1–17 (dominula; prey in New Zealand).</p> <p>Distribution: introduced into the Perth area, established by 1977; native to the Palaearctic Region and adventive in U.S.A.; Canada; Chile; Argentina; South Africa; New Zealand; St. Helena; Benin.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/036C87E0B127FF85D3CF52E4601CC5FB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Carpenter, James M.;Brown, Graham R.	Carpenter, James M., Brown, Graham R. (2022): Catalogue of the Australian social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Zootaxa 5214 (4): 451-495, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5214.4.1
036C87E0B126FF85D3CF532866DCC38B.text	036C87E0B126FF85D3CF532866DCC38B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ropalidia Guerin-Meneville	<div><p>Genus Ropalidia Guérin-Méneville</p> <p>Ropalidia Guérin-Méneville, 1831: pl. 9, Fig. 8, genus.</p> <p>Type species: Ropalidia maculiventris Guérin-Méneville, 1831, by monotypy.</p> <p>Rhopalidia Guérin-Méneville, 1838: 266. Incorrect spelling of Ropalidia Guérin-Méneville. Non Rhopalidia Lepeletier, 1836.</p> <p>Rhopalia Guérin-Méneville, 1838: 317 (in explanation of plates). Incorrect spelling of Ropalidia GuérinMéneville.</p> <p>Anthreneida White, 1841: 321, genus.</p> <p>Type species: Anthreneida coronata White, 1841 [= Vespa sumatrae Weber, 1801], by monotypy.</p> <p>Icaria de Saussure, 1853: 22, pls. 4 and 5, genus (20 species).</p> <p>Type species: “ I. maculiventris (Guer.) ” [= Ropalidia maculiventris Guérin-Méneville, 1831], by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1897: 385.</p> <p>Anthreneidea de Saussure, 1854: 235. Incorrect spelling of Anthreneida White.</p> <p>Icharia Gribodo, 1892 [1891]: 243. Incorrect spelling of Icaria de Saussure.</p> <p>Paraicaria Gribodo, 1892 [1891]: 248, genus.</p> <p>Type species: Paraicaria bicolor Gribodo, 1892 [= Ropalidia bicolorata van der Vecht, 1962, replacement name], by monotypy.</p> <p>Icariastrum Dalla Torre, 1904: 72, name for group I of genus Icaria de Saussure in de Saussure, 1862: 132 (5 species).</p> <p>Type species: Icaria opulenta Smith, 1857, by subsequent designation of Meade-Waldo, 1913: 46.</p> <p>Icarielia Dalla Torre, 1904: 72, name for group II of genus Icaria de Saussure in de Saussure, 1862: 132 (9 species).</p> <p>Type species: Icaria flavopicta Smith, 1857, by subsequent designation of Meade-Waldo, 1913: 46.</p> <p>Icariella [!] Dalla Torre, 1904, Index: 96. Incorrect spelling of Icarielia Dalla Torre.</p> <p>Icariola Dalla Torre, 1904: 72, name for group III of genus Icaria de Saussure in de Saussure, 1862: 133 (11 species).</p> <p>Type species: Icaria gregaria de Saussure, 1853, by subsequent designation of Meade-Waldo, 1913: 46.</p> <p>Polistratus Cameron, 1906a: 59, genus.</p> <p>Type species: Polistratus cariniscutis Cameron, 1906 [= Icaria brunnea Smith, 1858], by monotypy.</p> <p>Zuba Cheesman, 1952: 2, 3 (key), 23, subgenus of Ropalidia (14 species). Unavailable: no type species designated.</p> <p>Zuba Richards, 1978: 57; validation by type selection of Zuba Cheesman.</p> <p>Type species: Icaria gregaria de Saussure, 1853, by original designation.</p> <p>This genus is also found in the Oriental and Ethiopian Regions.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/036C87E0B126FF85D3CF532866DCC38B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Carpenter, James M.;Brown, Graham R.	Carpenter, James M., Brown, Graham R. (2022): Catalogue of the Australian social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Zootaxa 5214 (4): 451-495, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5214.4.1
036C87E0B125FF86D3CF51F867E8C5FB.text	036C87E0B125FF86D3CF51F867E8C5FB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ropalidia darwini Richards 1978	<div><p>darwini Richards</p> <p>Ropalidia darwini Richards, 1978: 61, 64 (key), 72, female, male (in subgenus Icariola) - “ Northern Territory, 12°25’S., 131°03’E., Milner’s Swamp” (holotype female Sydney); also from two other localities in Northern Territory. - Cardale, 1985: 214 (in subgenus Icariola; cat.). - Kojima &amp; Carpenter, 1997a: 18 (cat.). - Kojima, 1999b: 369, Figs 13–14, 17 (W. A.); 1999c: 380 (key), 384 (distr.), Fig. 27. - Saito &amp; Kojima, 2005a: 181, Figs 9–14 (in stigma group; N. T., W. A.). - Brown, 2009: 30 (North Coast). - Miličić et al., 2011: 524 (list).</p> <p>Distribution: N coastal; N. T., W. A.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/036C87E0B125FF86D3CF51F867E8C5FB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Carpenter, James M.;Brown, Graham R.	Carpenter, James M., Brown, Graham R. (2022): Catalogue of the Australian social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Zootaxa 5214 (4): 451-495, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5214.4.1
036C87E0B125FF86D3CF50B467C6C6FF.text	036C87E0B125FF86D3CF50B467C6C6FF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ropalidia eboraca Richards 1978	<div><p>eboraca Richards</p> <p>Ropalidia eboraca Richards, 1978: 56 (list), 63, 65 (key), 66, female (in subgenus Ropalidia) - “ Queensland Q3, Cape York, Lockerbie” (Canberra); also from four other localities in Queensland. - Cardale, 1985: 213 (in subgenus Ropalidia; cat.). - Kojima &amp; Carpenter, 1997a: 20 (cat.). - Kojima, 1999b: 375 (note on holotype); 1999c: 383 (key), 386 (distr.), Figs 61–62.</p> <p>Distribution: NE coastal, N Gulf; Qld.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/036C87E0B125FF86D3CF50B467C6C6FF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Carpenter, James M.;Brown, Graham R.	Carpenter, James M., Brown, Graham R. (2022): Catalogue of the Australian social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Zootaxa 5214 (4): 451-495, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5214.4.1
036C87E0B125FF86D3CF53B867C6C047.text	036C87E0B125FF86D3CF53B867C6C047.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ropalidia elegantula Richards 1978	<div><p>elegantula Richards</p> <p>Ropalidia elegantula Richards, 1978: 53 (nest), 61, 64 (key), 70, Figs 16, 23, 37, female, male, nest (in subgenus Icariola) - “ Queensland Q3, Cape York Peninsula, Bamaga” (holotype female Canberra); also from seven other localities in Queensland. - Cardale, 1985: 214 (in subgenus Icariola; cat.). - Naumann, 1993, in Naumann et al.: 179 (distr.). - Kojima &amp; Carpenter, 1997a: 20 (cat.). - Kojima, 1999b: 369, Figs 15–16 (Qld.); 1999c: 380 (key), 384 (distr.), Figs 14, 22–24, 26. - Saito &amp; Kojima, 2005a: 180; Figs 1–6 (in stigma group; Qld.).</p> <p>R. darwini; Kojima, 1999a: 65, Figs 151–153. Misidentification.</p> <p>Distribution: NE coastal, N Gulf; Qld.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/036C87E0B125FF86D3CF53B867C6C047	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Carpenter, James M.;Brown, Graham R.	Carpenter, James M., Brown, Graham R. (2022): Catalogue of the Australian social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Zootaxa 5214 (4): 451-495, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5214.4.1
036C87E0B125FF86D3CF555067C6C1CB.text	036C87E0B125FF86D3CF555067C6C1CB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ropalidia flavinoda van der Vecht	<div><p>flavinoda van der Vecht</p> <p>Ropalidia variegata flavinoda van der Vecht, 1941: 158, female - “ Cape York ” (Cambridge). - Kojima, 2000a: 33 (notes on types).</p> <p>Ropalidia interrupta flavinoda; Richards, 1978: 91. - Cardale, 1985: 215 (in subgenus Icariola; cat.). - Kojima &amp; Carpenter, 1997a: 31 (cat.).</p> <p>Ropalidia flavinoda; Kojima, 1999b: 367, 373, Figs 28–30 (syn.: mutabilis torresiana Richards); 1999c: 382 (key), 386 (distr.), Figs 33, 42; 2001a: 8 (Kojima’s 1999 synonymy of R. mutabilis torresiana under R. flavinoda doubtful). - Saito &amp; Kojima, 2005a: 184 (key), 185, Figs 20, 28–29 (in variegata group; Qld.).</p> <p>Distribution: NE coastal, N Gulf; Qld.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/036C87E0B125FF86D3CF555067C6C1CB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Carpenter, James M.;Brown, Graham R.	Carpenter, James M., Brown, Graham R. (2022): Catalogue of the Australian social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Zootaxa 5214 (4): 451-495, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5214.4.1
036C87E0B125FF86D3CF54A46619C353.text	036C87E0B125FF86D3CF54A46619C353.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ropalidia fulvopruinosa (Cameron 1906)	<div><p>fulvopruinosa (Cameron)</p> <p>Odynerus (Leionotus) fulvopruinosa Cameron, 1906b: 225, female - [New Guinea] “Etna Bay” (Naturalis). - Kojima &amp; van Achterberg, 1997a: 166 (list).</p> <p>Ropalidia fulvopruinosa; Bequaert, 1932: 50. - Richards, 1978: 54 (nest), 56 (list), 63 (key), 67, Figs 12, 25, 33, 41 (in subgenus Ropalidia; redescription; nest; Qld.). - Cardale, 1985: 213 (in subgenus Ropalidia; cat.). - Kojima &amp; Spradbery, 1987: 603, Fig. 8 (larva). - Kojima &amp; Carpenter, 1997a: 25 (cat.).- Kojima, 1999b: 375 (note on holotype); 1999c: 384 (key), 386 (distr.), Figs 59, 67. - Nugroho et al., 2012 [2011]: 150 (list).</p> <p>Distribution: NE coastal, N Gulf; Qld.; also New Guinea.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/036C87E0B125FF86D3CF54A46619C353	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Carpenter, James M.;Brown, Graham R.	Carpenter, James M., Brown, Graham R. (2022): Catalogue of the Australian social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Zootaxa 5214 (4): 451-495, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5214.4.1
036C87E0B125FF87D3CF565C6655C483.text	036C87E0B125FF87D3CF565C6655C483.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ropalidia gracilenta Richards 1978	<div><p>gracilenta Richards</p> <p>Ropalidia gracilenta Richards, 1978: 61 (key), 98, Figs 11, 15, female (in subgenus Icariola) - “ New South Wales, near Ballina, North Creek” (Sydney); also from Qld. - Cardale, 1985: 214 (in subgenus Icariola; cat.). - Kojima, 1987a: 146, Figs 59–68 (larva); 1987b: 149 (male; nest). - Kojima &amp; Carpenter, 1997a: 26 (cat.). - Kojima, 1999b: 368, Figs 1–4, 7–8, 11 (Qld.); 1999c: 380 (key), 384 (distr.), Figs 7–8, 10–11.</p> <p>Distribution: NE coastal, SE coastal; Qld., N. S. W.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/036C87E0B125FF87D3CF565C6655C483	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Carpenter, James M.;Brown, Graham R.	Carpenter, James M., Brown, Graham R. (2022): Catalogue of the Australian social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Zootaxa 5214 (4): 451-495, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5214.4.1
036C87E0B124FF87D3CF522C6644C223.text	036C87E0B124FF87D3CF522C6644C223.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Icaria gregaria (de Saussure)	<div><p>gregaria (de Saussure)</p> <p>Icaria gregaria de Saussure, 1854: 236, female - “La Nouvelle Hollande ” (lectotype Genève); 1862: 137. - Froggatt, 1892: 232 (cat.). - Dalla Torre, 1894: 119 (cat.);: 73 (cat.). - Kojima, 2001a: 6, Figs 5–12 (designation of lectotype; redescription).</p> <p>Ropalidia variegata interrupta van der Vecht, 1941: 158, female - “Thursday Island” (Cambridge). - Kojima, 2000a: 33 (notes on types); 2001a: 6 (syn. of R. gregaria (de Saussure)).</p> <p>Ropalidia interrupta interrupta; Richards, 1978: 58, 90 (in subgenus Icariola). - Cardale, 1985: 215 (in subgenus Icariola; cat.). - Kojima &amp; Carpenter, 1997a: 31 (cat.).</p> <p>Ropalidia mutabilis torresiana Richards, 1978, Austr. J. Zool., Suppl. Ser. 61: 96, female - “ Queensland Q3, Iron Range” (Canberra); also from two other localities in Queensland. - Cardale, 1985: 216 (in subgenus Icariola; cat.). - Kojima &amp; Carpenter, 1997a: 42 (cat.). - Kojima, 1999b: 367, 372, 373 (syn. of R. flavinoda van der Vecht); 2000a: 35 (notes on types); 2001a: 8 (Kojima’s 1999 synonymy with R. flavinoda van der Vecht doubtful). - Saito &amp; Kojima, 2005a: 184 (syn. of R. gregaria (de Saussure).</p> <p>Ropalidia sp. nr. variegata; Itô, 1986b: 310 (ethology). - Itô &amp; Yamane, 1992: 63–74 (ethology). - Henshaw et al., 2003: 641–643 (microsatellites).</p> <p>Ropalidia interrupta; Kojima, 1999b: 367, 372 (note on holotype), Figs 26–27, 31 (syn.: R. mutabilis mutabilis Richards); 1999c: 382 (key), 386 (distr.), Figs 31, 34, 43.</p> <p>Ropalidia gregaria; Kojima, 2001a: 6, Figs 5–12 (syn.: R. variegata interrupta van der Vecht; “ R. gregaria ” auctt. is R. impetuosa (Smith). - Saito &amp; Kojima, 2005a: 183 (key), 184, Figs 18, 24–25 (syn.: R. mutabilis torresiana Richards, 1978; in variegata group; W. A., N. T., Qld.). - Henshaw et al., 2015: 100–109 (colony structure).</p> <p>Distribution: N Gulf, N coastal; W. A., N. T., Qld.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/036C87E0B124FF87D3CF522C6644C223	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Carpenter, James M.;Brown, Graham R.	Carpenter, James M., Brown, Graham R. (2022): Catalogue of the Australian social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Zootaxa 5214 (4): 451-495, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5214.4.1
036C87E0B124FF87D3CF506C6639C743.text	036C87E0B124FF87D3CF506C6639C743.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ropalidia gracilis (Smith 1859)	<div><p>gracilis (Smith)</p> <p>Icaria gracilis Smith, 1859: 167, female - “Aru” (Oxford); 1863 [1864]b: 138 (distr.); 1865: 90 (list); 1871: 380 (cat.). - Dalla Torre, 1894: 119 (cat.); 1904: 73 (cat. [error: year of publication 1868]).</p> <p>Icaria deceptor Smith, 1863 [1864]a: 42, female - “Mysol” (Oxford); 1863 [1864]b: 138 (distr.); 1871: 380 (cat.) - Dalla Torre, 1894: 118 (cat.); 19049: 73 (cat.). - Cheesman, 1952: 3, 18 (syn. of R. gracilis Smith). - Kojima, 2001b: 36 (synonymy confirmed).</p> <p>Ropalidia gracilis; Bequaert, 1932: 50 (gracillis [!]; “probablement un Parapolybia ”). - Cheesman, 1952: 3, 18 (syn.: I. deceptor Smith; redescription of type; distr.). - Richards, 1978: 58, 61 (key), 99 (in subgenus Icariola; redescription). - Kojima &amp; Carpenter, 1997a: 26 (cat.). - Kojima, 2001b: 36, 56 (syn.: I. deceptor Smith). - Nugroho et al., 2012 [2011]: 151 (list).</p> <p>Ropalidia deceptor; Bequaert, 1932: 50. - Richards, 1978: 53 (nest), 58, 61 (key), 99, Figs 20, 34 (in subgenus Icariola; redescription; male, nest; Qld.). - Cardale, 1985: 214 (in subgenus Icariola; cat.). - Naumann, 1993, in Naumann et al.: 179 (distr.). - Kojima &amp; Carpenter, 1997a: 18 (cat.). - Kojima, 1999b: 368, Figs 5–6, 9–10, 12 (Qld.); 1999c: 380 (key), 384 (distr.), Figs 2, 9, 12–13.</p> <p>Distribution: NE coastal, N Gulf; Qld.; also Indonesia.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/036C87E0B124FF87D3CF506C6639C743	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Carpenter, James M.;Brown, Graham R.	Carpenter, James M., Brown, Graham R. (2022): Catalogue of the Australian social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Zootaxa 5214 (4): 451-495, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5214.4.1
036C87E0B124FF80D3CF57A8614EC38B.text	036C87E0B124FF80D3CF57A8614EC38B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ropalidia impetuosa (Smith 1861) (Smith)	<div><p>impetuosa (Smith)</p> <p>Icaria impetuosa Smith, 1860 [1861]: 131, female - “Batchian; Amboyna” (lectotype Oxford); 1863 [1864]a: 41 (distr.); 1863 [1864]b: 138 (distr.); 1871: 380 (cat.). - Dalla Torre, 1894: 118 (cat.); 1904: 73 (cat.). - van der Vecht, 1941: 104 (syn. of R. gregaria (de Saussure)). - Kojima, 2001a: 9 (syns.: I. spilocephala Cameron, I cohni du Buysson, R. gregaria inquieta Cheesman, R. gregaria var. tolerans Cheesman, R. gregaria auctt.).</p> <p>Icaria spilocephala Cameron, 1906b: 230, female - [New Guinea:] “Etna Bay” (lectotype Naturalis). - van der Vecht, 1941: 104 (syn. of R. gregaria (de Saussure)). - Kojima &amp; Carpenter, 1997a: 5 (designation of lectotype). - Kojima &amp; van Achterberg, 1997a: 166 (list). - Kojima, 1999b: 367, 371 (syn. of gregaria (de Saussure)); 2001a: 9 (syn. of R. impetuosa (Smith)).</p> <p>Icaria Cohni du Buysson, 1909: 306, male - “ Bougainville ” (lectotype Paris). - van der Vecht, 1941: 104 (syn. of R. gregaria (de Saussure)). - Richards, 1978: 86 (kohni [!]; syn. of R. gregaria spilocephala (Cameron)). - Kojima, 2001a: 5 (designation of lectotype), 9 (syn. of R. impetuosa (Smith)).</p> <p>Icaria picta; du Buysson, 1913 [1911]: 229 (distr.).</p> <p>Ropalidia gregaria; Tillyard, 1925: 297. - Williams, 1928: 79 (prey: Perkinsiella saccharicida Kirkaldy). - van der Vecht, 1941: 104 (syns.: Icaria cohni du Buysson, I. impetuosa Smith, I. spilocephala Cameron), 111 (key), 149 (distr. [including subspecies spilocephala]). - Cheesman, 1952: 3, 20 (male). - van der Vecht, 1962: 27 (distr.; nest). - Baltazar, 1966: 291 (in subgenus Anthreneida; cat.). - Iwata, 1976: 295 (in subgenus Anthreneida; ethology). - Richards, 1978: 50, 53, 61 (key), 65 (larva in key), 83, Fig. 26 (in subgenus Icariola; redescription; nest; ethology). - Carpenter, 1981 [1982]: 34 (phylogenetic relationships). - Kojima, 1982a: 272 (in subgenus Icariola; nest); 1982b: 17 (ethology); 1984a: 52, Fig. 2 (larva); 1984b: 525 (key), 528, Figs 6, 34, 39, 44, 49 (in subgenus Icariola; male genitalia; Philippines). - Spradbery, 1991b: 349 (colony population). - Wenzel, 1991: 487 (nest). - Itô, 1993: 87 (in subgenus Icariola; ethology). - Naumann, 1993, in Naumann et al.: 180 (distr.). - Macalintal &amp; Starr: tables 1–2 (in subgenus Icariola; morphology). - Wenzel, 1998: 26 (nest examined). - Kojima, 1999b: 367, 371 (syn.: I. spilocephala (Cameron), erroneously marked “Syn. nov.”; W. A., N. T., Qld., N. S. W., Vic.); 1999c: 381 (key), 386 (distr.), Figs 17, 21, 25, 36.</p> <p>Ropalidia impetuosa; Bequaert, 1932: 51. - Richards, 1978: 58 (in subgenus Icariola; list), 86 (probable syn.: Ropalidia gregaria spilocephala (Cameron)). - Kojima, 2001a: 9 (syns.: I. spilocephala, I. cohni, R. gregaria inquieta, R. gregaria var. tolerans); 2001b: 32, 56 (syn.; distr.). - Saito &amp; Kojima, 2005a: 273–274 (not established south of latitude 30°S). - Nugroho et al., 2012 [2011]: 152 (list).</p> <p>Ropalidia cohni; Bequaert, 1932: 51.</p> <p>? Ropalidia cyathiformis; Bequaert, 1932: 51 (recorded from New Guinea; syns.: variegata Smith, picta de Saussure) [misidentification?].</p> <p>Ropalidia spilocephala; Bequaert, 1932: 51.</p> <p>Ropalidia gregaria inquieta Cheesman, 1952: 3, 20, female, male - “Papua,...Mafulu, 4000 ft. ” (lectotype male London); also from three other localities in New Guinea. - Richards, 1978: 86 (designation of lectotype [error in locality: Mafalu]; syn. of R. gregaria spilocephala). - Kojima, 2001a: 9 (syn. of R. impetuosa (Smith)).</p> <p>Ropalidia gregaria var. tolerans Cheesman, 1952): 3 (as subspecies), 21 (as var.), female - “Cyclops Mts. Sabron” (lectotype London). - Richards, 1978: 86 (designation of lectotype; syn. of R. gregaria spilocephala). - Kojima, 2001a: 9 (syn. of R. impetuosa (Smith)).</p> <p>Ropalidia gregaria gregaria; Richards, 1978: 53 (nest), 62 (key), 86 (in subgenus Icariola; “two [subspecies] can be recognized in the Australia-New Guinea region. The forms of Malaya will require separate study.”). - Cardale, 1985: 214 (in subgenus Icariola; cat.). - Itô, 1986b: 313 (ethology). - Kojima, 1987a: 145, Figs 52–58 (larva). - Spradbery, 1991b: 351 (colony population). - Itô &amp; Yamane, 1992: 63–74 (ethology). - Itô, 1993: 27, 46, 66, 68 (in subgenus Icariola; ethology). - Borsato, 1994 [1993],: 250 (in subgenus Icariola; N. T.). - Kojima &amp; Carpenter, 1997a: 27 (cat.). - Brown, 2009: 30 (North Coast).</p> <p>Ropalidia gregaria spilocephala; Richards, 1978: 53, 62 (key), 86 (syns.: Icaria kohni [!] du Buysson, Ropalidia gregaria inquieta Cheesman, Ropalidia gregaria var. tolerans Cheesman; probably syn. of Icaria impetuosa Smith; “I examined the holotype male [!] in the Zoological Museum, Amsterdam.”; redescription; nest). - Cardale, 1985: 215 (in subgenus Icariola; cat.). - Spradbery &amp; Kojima, 1989: 636 (nest; colony population). - Spradbery, 1991b: 351 (colony population). - Borsato, 1994 [1993]: 250 (in subgenus Icariola; Qld.). - Itô et al., 1996: 231 (ethology). - Kojima &amp; Carpenter, 1997a: 27 (cat.).</p> <p>Distribution: NE coastal, Murray-Darling basin; N. T., Qld., N. S. W.; also New Guinea; New Ireland; Solomon Is.; Fiji; Sulawesi; Ceram; Bacan; Ambon; Philippines.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/036C87E0B124FF80D3CF57A8614EC38B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Carpenter, James M.;Brown, Graham R.	Carpenter, James M., Brown, Graham R. (2022): Catalogue of the Australian social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Zootaxa 5214 (4): 451-495, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5214.4.1
036C87E0B122FF81D3CF51F86185C64F.text	036C87E0B122FF81D3CF51F86185C64F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ropalidia kurandae Richards 1978	<div><p>kurandae Richards</p> <p>Ropalidia kurandae Richards, 1978: 55 (nest), 62 (key), 65 (larva in key), 106, Figs 29, 35, 40, female, male, nest (in subgenus Icariola) - “ Queensland Q2, Cairns north of Ellis beach” (holotype female Canberra); also from numerous other localities in Queensland. - Cardale, 1985: 215 (in subgenus Icariola; cat.). - Spradbery &amp; Kojima, 1989: 639 (nest; colony population). - Jeanne, 1991: 203, 213, 225 (colony population). - Spradbery, 1991b: 351 (colony population). - Naumann, 1993, in Naumann et al.: 180 (distr.). - Borsato, 1994 [1993]: 250 (in subgenus Icariola; Qld.). - Macalintal &amp; Starr, 1996: tables 1–2 (in subgenus Icariola; morphology). - Kojima, 1996b: 328; 1996c: 350. - Kojima &amp; Carpenter, 1997a: 32 (cat.). - Kojima, 1998: 97, 217, Figs 608–613 (larva); 1999,b: 375 (note on holotype); 1999c: 383 (key), 387 (distr.), Figs 48–49.</p> <p>Distribution: NE coastal, N Gulf; Qld.; one N. S. W. record possibly a stray; New Guinea.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/036C87E0B122FF81D3CF51F86185C64F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Carpenter, James M.;Brown, Graham R.	Carpenter, James M., Brown, Graham R. (2022): Catalogue of the Australian social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Zootaxa 5214 (4): 451-495, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5214.4.1
036C87E0B122FF81D3CF532E672AC765.text	036C87E0B122FF81D3CF532E672AC765.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ropalidia latetergum Richards 1978	<div><p>latetergum Richards</p> <p>Ropalidia latetergum Richards, 1978: 57 (list), 65 (key), 69, female (in subgenus Polistratus) - “ Queensland Q2, Kuranda” (Melbourne), 122 (key). - Cardale, 1985: 214 (in subgenus Polistratus; cat.). - Kojima, 1993a: 5 (biology). - Naumann, 1993, in Naumann et al.: 180 (distr.). - Borsato, 1994 [1993]: 250 (in subgenus Polistratus; Qld.: Mossman). - Kojima &amp; Carpenter, 1997a: 33 (cat.). - Kojima, 1999b: 375; 1999c: 383 (key), 386 (distr.), Figs 56–58.</p> <p>Distribution: NE coastal; Qld.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/036C87E0B122FF81D3CF532E672AC765	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Carpenter, James M.;Brown, Graham R.	Carpenter, James M., Brown, Graham R. (2022): Catalogue of the Australian social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Zootaxa 5214 (4): 451-495, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5214.4.1
036C87E0B122FF81D3CF523367C6C024.text	036C87E0B122FF81D3CF523367C6C024.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ropalidia mackayensis Richards 1978	<div><p>mackayensis Richards</p> <p>Ropalidia mackayensis Richards, 1978: 62 (key), 105, Fig. 14, female, male (in subgenus Icariola) - “ Queensland Q2, 35 miles SE. of Ayr” (holotype female Canberra); also from numerous other localities in Queensland. - Cardale, 1985: 215 (in subgenus Icariola; cat.). - Jeanne, 1991: 203, 213, 225 (colony population). - Kojima, 1993a: 5 (biology). - Itô, 1993: 89 (in subgenus Icariola; ethology). - Kojima, 1996b: 328; 1996c: 350. - Kojima &amp; Carpenter, 1997a: 34 (cat.). - Kojima, 1999b: 375 (note on holotype); 1999c: 383 (key), 387 (distr.), Figs 46, 50–51.</p> <p>Distribution: NE coastal, N Gulf; Qld.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/036C87E0B122FF81D3CF523367C6C024	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Carpenter, James M.;Brown, Graham R.	Carpenter, James M., Brown, Graham R. (2022): Catalogue of the Australian social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Zootaxa 5214 (4): 451-495, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5214.4.1
036C87E0B122FF9CD3CF55CE6140C54B.text	036C87E0B122FF9CD3CF55CE6140C54B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ropalidia marginata (Lepeletier 1836) (Lapeletier)	<div><p>marginata marginata (Lepeletier)</p> <p>Vespa ferruginea Fabricius, 1793: 280 - “in India orientali” (Kobenhavn) [Junior primary homonym of Vespa ferruginea Gmelin, 1790, and Vespa ferruginea Olivier, 1792]. - Zimsen, 1964: 404 (list).</p> <p>? Polistes sumatrae Fabricius, 1804: 273 - “in Sumatra ” (Kobenhavn) [Junior secondary homonym of Ropalidia sumatrae (Weber) (= Vespa sumatrae Weber, 1801)]. - Zimsen, 1964: 404 (list).</p> <p>Polistes ferruginea; Fabricius, 1804: 277.</p> <p>Epipona marginata Lepeletier, 1836: 541, male, female - “ Inde ” (coll. Serville,? Torino). - Smith, 1852: 47.</p> <p>Icaria ferruginea; de Saussure, 1853: 38 (“Indes Orientales”). - Smith, 1857: 97 (cat.); 1858: 115 (distr.); 1858 [1859]: 22 (distr.); 1863 [1864]a: 42 (distr.); 1863 [1864]b: 138 (distr.). - Horne, 1870: 169 (ethology). - Smith, 1871: 378 (distr.). - Gribodo, 1884: 356. - André, 1889: 189. - Dalla Torre, 1894: 118 (cat.). - Bingham, 1897: 386 (key), 387 (female; distr.). - Cameron, 1900b: 495 (male). - Dalla Torre, 1904: 73 (cat.).</p> <p>Icaria marginata; de Saussure, 1854: 237 (“Indes Orientales”). - Smith, 1857: 97 (cat.). - de Saussure, 1862: 139. - Gribodo, 1884: 355. - Dalla Torre, 1894: 119 (cat.). - Bingham, 1897: 387 (key), 388 (distr.). - Dalla Torre, 1904: 74 (cat.).- Cameron, 1905: 73. - von Schulthess, 1927: 83 (distr.); 1932: 40. - Suehiro, 1960: 298 (Midway). - Nishida, 1992: 182 (Midway).</p> <p>Icaria jucunda Cameron, 1898: 46, female - “New Guinea ” (Oxford). - Dalla Torre, 1904: 73 (cat.). - Cameron, 1906b: 230 (compared to I. pruinosa n. sp.). - Nguyen et al., 2006: 93, 101 (syn. of typical R. marginata (Lepeletier)).</p> <p>Icaria pruinosa Cameron, 1906b: 228, female - [New Guinea] “Digoel” (lectotype Naturalis). - van der Vecht, 1941: 104 (syn. of R. marginata jucunda (Cameron)). - Kojima &amp; Carpenter, 1997a: 5 (designation of lectotype). - Kojima &amp; van Achterberg, 1997a: 165 (list). - Kojima, 2001b: 36 (synonymy confirmed).</p> <p>Ropalidiaferruginea; Bequaert,1918:247 [misidentification?].- Dover&amp;Rao,1922:244 [misidentification?]. - Salt &amp; Bequaert, 1929: 263 (record of stylopized specimen). - Dover, 1929: 46; 1931 [1930}: 257 (distr.). - Lee, 1982: 83 (key), 85, pl. 5 Fig. 5 (in subgenus Anthreneida); 1985: 46 (key), 49 (in subgenus Anthreneida; female, distr.) [error: year of publication 1792]. -? Bhattacharjee et al., 2002: 35 (India).</p> <p>Ropalidia marginata; Dover &amp; Rao, 1922: 244. - Gadgil &amp; Mahabal, 1974: 482 (ethology). - Richards, 1978: 58 (in subgenus Icariola; list), 64 (key), 65 (larva in key). - Gadagkar, 1980: 772–775 (ethology). - Belavadi &amp; Govindan, 1981: 95 (in subgenus Icariola; ethology). - Gadagkar et al., 1982a: 49–61 (ecology); 1982b: 539–552 (ecology). - Gadagkar &amp; Joshi, 1982: 187 (ethology); 1983: 26 (ethology). - Gadagkar, 1985: 319 (ethology). - Muralidharan et al., 1986: 153–158 (ethology). - Gadagkar et al., 1988: 175-189 (ethology). - Venkataraman et al., 1988: 271–279 (ethology). - Gadagkar, 1990a: 20 (ethology); 1990b: 129 (ethology). - Chandrashekara &amp; Gadagkar, 1990a: 153–160 (ethology). - Gadagkar et al., 1990a: 141–150 (ethology). - Kojima &amp; Yamane, 1990: 34 (key), 35 (Palau Islands). - Gadagkar, 1990c: 9 (ethology). - Venkataraman &amp; Gadagkar, 1990: 71– 72 (ethology). - Chandrashekara &amp; Gadagkar, 1990b: 73–74 (ethology). - Chandran &amp; Gadagkar, 1990: 78 (ethology). - Nair et al., 1990: 79 (ethology). - Chandrashekara et al., 1990: 81 (ethology). - Venkataraman et al., 1990: 161–171 (ethology). - Gadagkar et al., 1990b: 227–228 (ethology). - Belavadi &amp; Veeresh, 1990: 481–482 (prey). - Chandrashekara &amp; Gadagkar, 1991a: 269 (ethology); 1991b: 213–216 (ethology). - Gadagkar et al., 1991a: 435 (ethology); 1991b: 167 (ethology); 1991c: 523 (castes). - Gadagkar, 1991: 160, 164, 173, 180, 189–190, Figs 5.2d, 5.5, 5.11 (ethology). - Spradbery, 1991b: 349, 352, 354 (colony population). - Ross &amp; Carpenter, 1991: 459, 460, 464 (biology). - Venkataraman &amp; Gadagkar, 1992: 285-299 (ethology). - Chandrashekara &amp; Gadagkar, 1992: 193–209 (ethology). - Gadagkar et al., 1993a: 714–717 (ethology); 1993b: 188 (ethology). - Venkataraman &amp; Gadagkar, 1993: 601–604 (ethology). - Itô, 1993: 51, 74, 131, 133 (ethology). - Raghuwanshi, 1993: 5 (morphology). - Raghuwanshi &amp; Pathak, 1993: 19 (physiology). - Gadagkar, 1994: 263 (ethology). - Gadagkar &amp; Bonner, 1994: 219 (ethology). - Premnath et al., 1994: 242 (ethology). - Itô, 1995: 42 (ethology). - Gadagkar, 1995: 185 (ethology). - Premnath et al., 1995: 117 (ethology). - Shakarad &amp; Gadagkar, 1995: 273–282 (ethology). - Venkataraman &amp; Gadagkar, 1995: 299–313 (ethology). - Gadagkar, 1996a: 248–271 (ethology); 1996b: 333 (ethology); 1996c: 18 (ethology); 1996d: 8 (ethology); 1996e: 135 (ethology). - Shakarad &amp; Gadagkar, 1996: 145 (ethology). - Arathi &amp; Gadagkar, 1996: 153 (ethology). - Premnath et al., 1996a: 160 (ethology). - Strassmann et al., 1996: 461 (genetics). - Premnath et al., 1996b: 125 (ethology). - Kojima &amp; van Achterberg, 1997b: 2 (Sulawesi). - Shakarad &amp; Gadagkar, 1997: 79–82 (ethology). - Arathi et al., 1997a: 139–146 (ethology); 1997b: 343–353 (ethology). - Naug &amp; Gadagkar, 1998a: 37–47 (ethology); 1998b: 247–254 (ethology). - Arathi &amp; Gadagkar, 1998: 295-299 (ethology). - Kojima, 1998: 91, 218, Figs 572–577 (larva); 1999c: 380 (key), 384 (distr.), Figs 14, 19–20. - Sumana &amp; Gadagkar, 2001: 273–281 (ethology). - Gadagkar, 2001a: 1–368 (biology); 2001b: 397–402 (ethology). - Naug, 2002: 1115-1123 (ethology). - Fujiyama et al., 2002: 4 (Lombok). - Kardile &amp; Gadagkar, 2002: 176–179 (ethology). - Nishida &amp; Beardsley, 2002: 55 (Midway). - Kardile &amp; Gadagkar, 2003: 1219–1234 (ethology). - Sumana &amp; Gadagkar, 2003: 1464–1468 (ethology). - Agrahari &amp; Gadagkar, 2003: 217–222 (physiology); 2004a: 237–253; 2004b: 306–307 (ethology). - Kojima et al., 2004: 168 (key), 175, Fig. 22. - Gadagkar &amp; Chandrashekara, 2005: 107–124 (ethology). - Naug &amp; Wenzel, 2006: 62–68 (ethology). - Sen &amp; Gadagkar, 2006: 345-350 (ethology). - Bruyndonckx et al., 2006: 100–103 (ethology). - Nguyen et al., 2006: 94 (key), 101, Fig. 2 (syns.: I. jucunda Cameron, R. marginata sundaica van der Vecht; Vietnam). - Deshpande et al., 2006: 332–336 (ethology). - Kojima et al., 2007 [2006]: 18; 2007: 374 (key), 380, Figs 3, 23, 31–32 (syn.: R. travancorica Lambert &amp; Narendran; India). - Bhadra et al., 2007: 574–582 (ethology). - Lamba et al., 2007: 351–356 (ethology); 2008: 677–680 (ethology). - Sumana et al., 2008: 207–212 (ethology). - Bhadra &amp; Gadagkar, 2008: 634–637 (ethology). - Bhadra et al., 2009: 48–55 (ethology). - Johny et al., 2009: 1172–1175 (microsatellites). - Gadagkar, 2009: 10407 – 10414 (social life). - Naug, 2009: 1023–1028 (ethology). - Jayaprakash &amp; Ebenezer, 2010a: 6–8 (nest fungi); 2010b: 113–117 (fungal lipase actitivy). - Shilpa et al., 2010: 42–46 (ethology). - Sen et al., 2010: 95-103 (ethology). - Bang et al., 2010: 631–636 (dominance indices). - Bhadra et al., 2010: 424–431 (ethology). - Sen &amp; Gadagkar, 2010: 959–968 (male behavior). - Mitra et al., 2011: 280–284 (ethology). - Mitra &amp; Gadagkar, 2011: 157–161 (ethology). - Nugroho et al., 2012 [2011]: 155 (list). - Saha et al., 2012: 41–44 (ethology). - Shilpa et al., 2012: 61–65 (mating system). - Mitra &amp; Gadagkar, 2012: 251–255 (physiology). - Bang &amp; Gadagkar, 2012: 14494 –14499 (ethology). - Nandi et al., 2013: 34–44 (ethology). - Shukla et al., 2013a: 181–187 (physiology); 2013b: 345-350 (ethology). - Mitra &amp; Gadagkar, 2014: 9 (physiology). - Shukla et al., 2014: 22–26 (physiology). - Mitra et al., 2014: 113–124 (ethology). - Barthélémy et al., 2014: 9 (list). - Kumar &amp; Sharma, 2014: 234 (list), 237. - Tan et al., 2014: 4 (key), 21, Fig. 1H (Vietnam; India; Indonesia; Sri Lanka). - Mitra, 2014: 1024–1044 (physiology). - Witharana et al., 2015: 5-9 (anaphylaxis). - Mitra et al., 2015: 281–289 (physiology). - Gadagkar, 2015: 161–183 (family system). - Mandal &amp; Gadagkar, 2015: 795-802 (ethology). - Gadagkar, 2016: 20150094 (evolution). - Bang &amp; Gadagkar, 2016: 349–352 (ethology). - Rafi et al., 2017: 21 (list). - Kumar et al., 2017: 13 (list). - Mandal et al., 2017: 915-927 (ethology). - Gadagkar, 2017: 67–75 (ethology). - Mandal et al., 2018: 272831 (ethology). -- Saha et al., 2018: 54–65 (ethology). - Chakraborty et al., 2018a: 429–438 (ethology); 2018b: 695-705 (ethology). - Brahma et al., 2018a: 756–761 (ethology); 2018b: 8–11 (ethology). - Bang, 2019: 1–3 (ethology). - Mandal &amp; Brahma, 2019: jeb199844 (ethology). - Brahma et al., 2019: 335-342 (ethology). - Sharma &amp; Gadagkar, 2019: 20191212 (ethology). - Gawas et al., 2020: 56 (India; cat.). - Krishnan et al., 2021: 319–325 (ethology). - Sharma et al., 2022: 21–36 (ethology).</p> <p>Ropalidia jucunda; Bequaert, 1932: 50.</p> <p>Ropalidia pruinosa; Bequaert, 1932: 51.</p> <p>Ropalidia marginata var. sundaica “v. d. Vecht (in lit.)” Bequaert &amp; Yasumatsu, 1939: 315. Nomen nudum.</p> <p>Ropalidia marginata jucunda; van der Vecht, 1941: 104 (syn: I. pruinosa Cameron), 124 (distr.); 1962: 13 (specimens from the Philippines placed under jucunda in 1941 paper are to be in sundaica). - Baltazar, 1966: 292 (in subgenus Anthreneida; cat.). - Crosskey, 1973: 1–221 (dipterous parasite).- Richards 1978: 60 (key), 100 (in subgenus Icariola; distr.). - Yamane &amp; Yamane, 1979: 6 (compared to R. spatulata). - Yamane &amp; Okazawa, 1981: 69, Fig. 4 (larva). - Cardale, 1985: 215 (in subgenus Icariola; cat.). - Spradbery &amp; Kojima, 1989: 637 (colony population; parasite). - Spradbery, 1991b: 352 (colony population). - Kojima &amp; Carpenter, 1997a: 37 (cat.). - Kojima, 1999b: 368; 2001b: 36, 55 (syns.: I. pruinosa Cameron, R. canaria Cheesman).</p> <p>Ropalidia marginata marginata; van der Vecht, 1941: 109 (key), 117 (Fig.; taxonomy; distr.); 1962: 11 (in subgenus Anthreneida; distr.). - Yamane &amp; Yamane, 1979: 32 (in subgenus Anthreneida; distr.). - Das &amp; Gupta, 1984 [1983]: 419 (cat.; distr.); 1989: 110, 118, map 15 (in marginata -group of subgenus Anthreneida; key; Fig.; distr.). - Kojima &amp; Carpenter, 1997a: 37 (cat.). - Bhattacharjee et al., 2002: 35 (India). - Gusenleitner, 2006: 686 (India). - Pham, 2014: 1066 (list).</p> <p>Ropalidia marginata indica van der Vecht, 1941: 121 (“ holotype ” from Amballa) [replacement name for Vespa ferruginea Fabricius, 1793]; 1962: 5 (clarification that this is a replacement name for ferruginea Fabricius, and not to be considered as a new taxon).</p> <p>Ropalidia marginata sundaica van der Vecht, 1941: 122, female, male - “Koeripan, between Batavia and Buitenzorg, W. Java” (holotype female Leiden); also from Mariana Is.; Malay Peninsula; Bangka; Borneo; Kariman Djawa Isl. - Yasumatsu, 1945: 35 (distr.). - van der Vecht, 1962: 12 (distr.; bionomics). - Baltazar, 1966: 292 (in subgenus Anthreneida; cat.). - Iwata, 1976: 295 (in subgenus Anthreneida; ethology). - Richards, 1978: 54 (nest). - Kojima, 1984a: 55, Fig. 5 (larva); 1984b: 523 (key), 526, 530, 531 (in subgenus Icariola; Fig.; distr.; male genitalia;). - Miyano, 1994a: 209 (distr.); 1994b: 237 (ethology; nest). - Yamane, 1991: 55 (Volcano Islands). - Macalintal &amp; Starr, 1996: table 1 (in subgenus Icariola; morphology). - Kusigemati et al., 1996: 12 (Palau Islands). - Kojima &amp; van Achterberg, 1997a: 161 (list). - Kojima &amp; Carpenter, 1997a: 39 (cat.). - Nguyen et al., 2006: 93, 101 (syn. of typical R. marginata (Lepeletier)). - Pham, 2014: 1066 (list).</p> <p>Ropalidia canaria Cheesman, 1952: 3, 19, male - “ Papua, Kokoda” (London). - Richards, 1978: 58 (in subgenus Icariola; list). - Kojima, 2001b: 36 (syn. of R. marginata jucunda (Cameron)).</p> <p>Ropalidia travancorica Lambert and Narendran, 2005, in Lambert et al.: 267, 273, Figs 11–15, female (in subgenus Icarielia) - “ India; Kerala, Travancore, Thiruvanathapuram District, Palayam Kotta (8°29’N 76°55’E ” (Calicut). - Kojima et al., 2007: 373, 380 (syn. of R. marginata (Lepeletier)).</p> <p>Distribution: NE coastal, N Gulf; Qld.; also widespread in Indo-Malaya.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/036C87E0B122FF9CD3CF55CE6140C54B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Carpenter, James M.;Brown, Graham R.	Carpenter, James M., Brown, Graham R. (2022): Catalogue of the Australian social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Zootaxa 5214 (4): 451-495, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5214.4.1
036C87E0B13FFF9CD3CF502464AAC69B.text	036C87E0B13FFF9CD3CF502464AAC69B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ropalidia mutabilis Richards 1978	<div><p>mutabilis Richards, 1978</p> <p>Ropalidia mutabilis mutabilis Richards, 1978: 53 (nest), 60 (key), 94, female, male, nest (in subgenus Icariola) - “ Northern Territory, Downs Homestead, 2 miles ENE. Victoria River, 16°24’S., 131°02’E.”(holotype female Canberra); also from numerous other localities in NT, and WA. - Cardale, 1985: 215 (in subgenus Icariola; cat.). - Kojima &amp; Carpenter, 1997a: 42 (cat.). - Kojima, 1999b: 367, 372, 373 (syn. of R. interrupta van der Vecht); 2000a: 34 (notes on types); 2001a: 8 (synonymy doubtful). - Brown, 2009: 30 (North Coast, Northern Gulf).</p> <p>“ Ropalidia sp., possibly interruptaI”; Kojima, 1987a: 145, Figs 44–51 (larva).</p> <p>Ropalidia interrupta; Kojima, 1999b: 372 (syn: R. mutabilis mutabilis Richards) [partim].</p> <p>Ropalidia mutabilis; Saito &amp; Kojima, 2005a: 184 (key), 185, Figs 19, 26–27 (in variegata group; W. A.).</p> <p>Distr.: N. T., W. A.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/036C87E0B13FFF9CD3CF502464AAC69B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Carpenter, James M.;Brown, Graham R.	Carpenter, James M., Brown, Graham R. (2022): Catalogue of the Australian social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Zootaxa 5214 (4): 451-495, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5214.4.1
036C87E0B13FFF9CD3CF5394669EC047.text	036C87E0B13FFF9CD3CF5394669EC047.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ropalidia nigrior Richards 1978	<div><p>nigrior Richards</p> <p>Ropalidia nigrior Richards, 1978: 55 (nest), 59 (list), 63 (key), 113, 128 (key), Fig. 45, female, nest (in subgenus Icarielia) - “ Queensland Q3, Iron Range” (Canberra); also from two other localities; and New Guinea (probably). - Cardale, 1985: 217 (in subgenus Icarielia; cat.). - Naumann, 1993, in Naumann et al.: 180 (distr.). - Kojima, 1996b: 328 (holotype label data). - Kojima and Carpenter, 1997a: 43 (cat.). - Kojima, 1999b: 376 (note on holotype); 1999c: 383 (key), 388 (distr.), Figs 52, 54. - Nugroho et al., 2012 [2011]: 157 (list).</p> <p>Distribution: NE coastal, N Gulf; Qld.; possibly also in New Guinea.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/036C87E0B13FFF9CD3CF5394669EC047	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Carpenter, James M.;Brown, Graham R.	Carpenter, James M., Brown, Graham R. (2022): Catalogue of the Australian social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Zootaxa 5214 (4): 451-495, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5214.4.1
036C87E0B13FFF9DD3CF555061C9C533.text	036C87E0B13FFF9DD3CF555061C9C533.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ropalidia plebeiana Richards 1978	<div><p>plebeiana Richards</p> <p>Icaria plebeja de Saussure, 1863: 235, female - “ Nouvelle-Hollande ” (lectotype Genève) [junior primary homonym of Icaria plebeja de Saussure, 1862]. - Froggatt, 1892: 232 (cat.). - Dalla Torre, 1894: 120 (cat.; cites de Saussure, 1862, but distribution is in Australia); 1904: 73 (cat.; as 1894). - Richards, 1978: 75 (“Probably” syn. of plebeiana Richards). - Kojima, 1999b: 371 (notes on syntypes); 2001a: 10 (designation of lectotype; synonymy confirmed).</p> <p>Polistes tasmaniensis; Froggatt, 1925: xxix (nesting aggregation) [misidentification]. - Gallard, 1930: 10 (nesting aggregation) [misidentification]. - Richards, 1978: 7 (“I feel confident that this observation refers to Ropalidia plebiana [!]”).</p> <p>Rhopalidia [!] sp.; McKeown, 1942: 195 (nest).</p> <p>Ropalidia plebeiana Richards, 1978: 54 (nest), 58 (plebiana [!]; in subgenus Icariola; list; syn.: R. plebeja (de Saussure, 1863) non 1862, 62 (key), 65, (larva in key), 75, Figs 7–8, 17, female, male, intersex - “ New South Wales, Nelligen” (holotype female Canberra); also from other localities in NSW, and Vic., A. C. T., Qld. - Hook &amp; Evans, 1982: 271 (ethology). - Itô, 1985: 21 (ethology). - Cardale, 1985: 216 (plebiana [!]; in subgenus Icariola; cat.). - Itô &amp; Higashi, 1987: 519 (ethology). - Kojima, 1987a: 143, Figs 23–33 (larva). - Itô et al., 1988: 279 (ethology). - Yamane et al., 1990: 679 (ethology). - Yamane et al., 1991: 105 (ethology). - Yamane, 1991: 144 (ethology). - Field &amp; Darby, 1991: 195 (screened for biocontrol agent Sphecophaga vesparum). - Spradbery, 1991b: 349, 352, 354 (colony population). - Wenzel, 1991: 487 (nest). - Kojima, 1993b: 213 (ethology). - Itô, 1993: 76 (ethology). - Borsato, 1994 [1993]: 250 (in subgenus Icariola; Qld.). - Kojima &amp; Spradbery, 1994: 113 (nest; A. C. T.). - Makino et al., 1994: 411 (ethology). - Yamane, 1996:10–15 (nest). - Kojima &amp; Carpenter, 1997a: 47 (cat.). - Wenzel, 1998: 26 (nest examined). - Kojima, 1998: 96, 218 (larva); 1999b: 367, 370, Figs 18–20, 22, 25 (syn.: R. hirsuta Richards); 1999c: 382 (key), 384 (distr.), Figs 3, 16, 29, 37–38, 40; 2000b: 389, Figs 19–22 (phylogenetic relationships). - Itô et al., 2002: 3 (ethology). - Fukuda et al., 2003: 217–222 (ethology). - Saito &amp; Kojima, 2005b: 263–275 (N. S. W., Qld.; ethology). - Billen, 2006: 78 (morphology). - Brown, 2009: 30 (North Coast). - Oberprieler &amp; Spradbery, 2009: 202–207 (nesting cycle). - Ubaidillah et al., 2009: 45 (ichneumonid parasitoid: Arthula pebeja).</p> <p>Ropalidia hirsuta Richards, 1978: 62 (key), 81, female (in subgenus Icariola) - “ Northern Territory, Port Darwin” (London). - Cardale, 1985: 215 (in subgenus Icariola; cat.). - Kojima &amp; Carpenter, 1997a: 29 (cat.). - Kojima, 1999b: 367, 370, Fig. 18 (syn. of plebeiana Richards).</p> <p>Distribution: SE coastal, Murray-Darling basin; Qld., N. S. W., A. C. T., Vic.,? N. T.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/036C87E0B13FFF9DD3CF555061C9C533	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Carpenter, James M.;Brown, Graham R.	Carpenter, James M., Brown, Graham R. (2022): Catalogue of the Australian social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Zootaxa 5214 (4): 451-495, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5214.4.1
036C87E0B13EFF9DD3CF50E266CEC6D6.text	036C87E0B13EFF9DD3CF50E266CEC6D6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ropalidia proletaria Richards 1978	<div><p>proletaria Richards</p> <p>Ropalidia proletaria Richards, 1978: 60 (key), 96, female (in subgenus Icariola) - “ North Queensland ” (London); also? from Northern Territory. - Cardale, 1985: 216 (in subgenus Icariola; cat.). - Kojima &amp; Carpenter, 1997a: 48 (cat.). - Kojima, 1999b: 371, Figs 21, 23–24 (Qld.); 1999c: 382 (key), 385 (distr.), Figs 28, 30, 39, 41; 2000b: 383, Figs 1–15, 23–40 (redescription; male; larva; nest; Qld.). - Brown, 2009: 30 (North Coast, Northern Gulf).</p> <p>Distribution: (NE coastal), (N coastal), (N Gulf); Qld.,? N. T.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/036C87E0B13EFF9DD3CF50E266CEC6D6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Carpenter, James M.;Brown, Graham R.	Carpenter, James M., Brown, Graham R. (2022): Catalogue of the Australian social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Zootaxa 5214 (4): 451-495, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5214.4.1
036C87E0B13EFF9DD3CF53C76629C18C.text	036C87E0B13EFF9DD3CF53C76629C18C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ropalidia revolutionalis (de Saussure 1854)	<div><p>revolutionalis (de Saussure)</p> <p>Icaria revolutionalis de Saussure, 1853: 29, pl. 5 Fig. 7, female - “La Nouvelle-Hollande ou la Tasmanie ” (lectotype Paris); 1863: 235 (revolutinalis [!]). - Froggatt, 1892: 232 (cat.). - Dalla Torre, 1894: 120 (cat.); 1904: 74 (cat.). - Kojima, 2001a: 9 (notes on types).</p> <p>Ropalidia revolutionalis; Richards, 1978: 53, 58 (list), 60 (key), 91 (inadvertent designation of lectotype), Figs 18, 24, 32, 39, 43 (in subgenus Icariola; male, nest; distr.; biology). - Owen, 1979: 519–523 (venom analysis [according to Cardale, 1985: 216, species identification doubtful]). - Hook &amp; Evans, 1982: 271 (biology; nest). - Cardale, 1985: 216 (in subgenus Icariola; cat.). - Kojima, 1987a: 144, Figs 34–43 (larva). - Itô, 1987: 115 (ethology). - Field &amp; Darby, 1991: 195 (screened for biocontrol agent Sphecophaga vesparum). - Spradbery, 1991b: 349, 353, 374 (colony population). - Ross &amp; Carpenter, 1991: 460 (biology). - Itô, 1993: 25, 27, 28, 29, 32, 57, 66, 71, 72, 79, 87, 105, 124, 125, 126 (in subgenus Icariola; ethology). - Borsato, 1994 [1993]: 251 (in subgenus Icariola; Qld.). - Kojima &amp; Carpenter, 1997a: 4 (cat.). - Wenzel, 1998: 26 (nest examined). - Kojima, 1999b: 367, 373, Figs 32–34 (syn.: R. eurostoma Richards; Qld.); 1999c: 382 (key), 386 (distr.), Figs 18, 32, 35; 2000b: 389, Figs 15–18 (in variegata group). - Robson et al., 2001: 20–24 (ethology). - Henshaw et al., 2003: 641–643 (microsatellites); 2004: 469–476 (colony structure). - Henshaw &amp; Crozier, 2004: 1943–1950 (ethology). - Saito &amp; Kojima, 2005a: 183 (key), 185, Figs 17, 22–23 (in variegata group; Qld.; New Britain record doubtful). - Henshaw et al., 2015: 100–109 (colony structure).</p> <p>Ropalidia eurostoma Richards, 1978: 60 (key), 93,female (in subgenus Icariola) - “ Queensland,Mornington I.” (Adelaide). - Cardale, 1985: 214 (in subgenus Icariola; cat.). - Kojima &amp; Carpenter, 1997a: 21 (cat.). - Kojima, 1999b: 367, 373, Fig. 32 (syn. of revolutionalis (de Saussure)).</p> <p>Distribution: NE coastal, Murray-Darling basin; Qld.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/036C87E0B13EFF9DD3CF53C76629C18C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Carpenter, James M.;Brown, Graham R.	Carpenter, James M., Brown, Graham R. (2022): Catalogue of the Australian social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Zootaxa 5214 (4): 451-495, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5214.4.1
036C87E0B13EFF9ED3CF57676603C7D7.text	036C87E0B13EFF9ED3CF57676603C7D7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ropalidia romandi (Le Guillou)	<div><p>romandi (Le Guillou)</p> <p>Polistes Romandi Le Guillou, 1841a: 322; 1841b: 325, female - “ Australie Sept.” (Paris).</p> <p>Icaria cabeti de Saussure, 1853: 26, pl. 4 Fig. 2, pl. 5 Fig. 2, female - “La Tasmanie ” (lectotype Paris). - Froggatt, 1892: 232 (cat.). - Dalla Torre, 1894: 118 (cabetii [!]; cat.); 1904: 73 (cat.). - du Buysson, 1913 [1911]: 229 (compared to R. lefebvrei (Le Guillou)). - Richards 1978: 111 (designation of lectotype). - Kojima, 1999b: 367, 375 (syn. of romandi (Le Guillou)); 2001a: 4 (notes on types).</p> <p>Icaria romandi; de Saussure, 1853: 41. - Smith, 1957: 96 (cat.). - Froggatt, 1892: 232 (cat.). - Dalla Torre, 1894: 120 (romandii [!]; cat.); 1904: 74 (cat.). - du Buysson, 1913 [1911]: 229 (compared to R. lefebvrei (Le. Guillou)).</p> <p>Ropalidia cabeti; Tillyard, 1925: 297 (nest). - Mackeown, 1942: 190 (Rhopalidia [!]; nest). - van der Vecht, 1968b: 418, Fig. 3d (morphology).</p> <p>Ropalidia romandi romandi; Richards, 1978: 59 (list), 63, 65 (key), 109 (in subgenus Icarielia; female, male), 129 (key). - Cardale, 1985: 217 (in subgenus Icarielia; cat.). - Borsato, 1994 [1993]: 251 (N. T.). - Kojima, 1996b: 328, Figs 10, 23. - Kojima &amp; Carpenter, 1997a: 50 (cat.). - Brown, 2009: 30 (North Coast).</p> <p>Ropalidia romandi cabeti; Richards 1978: 54, 59 (list), 63 (key), 65 (larva in key), 110 (in subgenus Icarielia; female, male; biology; nest). - Cardale, 1985: 217 (in subgenus Icarielia; cat.). - Kojima, 1987a: 146, Figs 68–79 (larva). - Field &amp; Darby, 1991: 195 (screened for biocontrol agent Sphecophaga vesparum). - Borsato, 1994 [1993]: 251 (Qld.). - Yamane &amp; Itô, 1994: 145 (nest). - Macalintal &amp; Starr, 1996: table 1 (in subgenus Icarielia; morphology). - Kojima &amp; Carpenter, 1997a: 49 (cat.). - Shima et al., 2000: 73–79 (caste differences).</p> <p>Ropalidia romandi; Itô, 1990: 69–70 (in subgenus Icarielia; ethology). - Jeanne, 1991: 203, 213, 225 (colony population). - Spradbery, 1991b: 353 (colony population). - Kojima, 1993a: 4 (biology). - Naumann, 1993, in Naumann et al.: 179 (distr.). - Itô, 1993: 81, 85, 86, 87, 132 (in subgenus Icarielia; ethology). - Kojima, 1993c: 835 (ethology); 1994a: 1 (ethology); 1994b: 45 (ethology); 1996a: 73–75 (ethology); 1996b: 328, Figs 10, 23; 1996d: 411 (colony cycle). - Yamane, 1996:10– 15 (nest). - Macalintal &amp; Starr, 1996: table 2 (in subgenus Icarielia; morphology). - Wenzel, 1998: 26, Fig. 22E (nest). - Carpenter, 1999: 37 (note on type). - Kojima, 1999b: 367, 375 (syn.: I. cabeti (de Saussure); N. T., Qld.); 1999c: 383 (key), 387 (distr.), Figs 44, 47, 53, 55; 2000c: 332–338 (caste differences). - Kojima &amp; Tsuchida, 2000: 65-72 (ethology). - Tsuchida et al.. 2000: 113–116 (colony structure). - Zhu et al., 2000: 324–338 (microsatellites). - Fukuda et al., 2003: 37–47 (caste differences). - Henshaw et al., 2003: 641–643 (microsatellites). - Saito &amp; Kojima, 2005b: 273 (N. S. W. specimens “could have been incorrectly labeled rather than being strays”). - Wild &amp; Hall, 2010: 113–114 (stylopization). - Carpenter &amp; Glare, 2010: 2 (outgroup).</p> <p>Distribution: N coastal, NE coastal, N Gulf; N. T., Qld.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/036C87E0B13EFF9ED3CF57676603C7D7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Carpenter, James M.;Brown, Graham R.	Carpenter, James M., Brown, Graham R. (2022): Catalogue of the Australian social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Zootaxa 5214 (4): 451-495, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5214.4.1
036C87E0B13DFF9ED3CF52C06666C197.text	036C87E0B13DFF9ED3CF52C06666C197.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ropalidia socialistica (de Saussure 1854)	<div><p>socialistica (de Saussure)</p> <p>Icaria socialistica de Saussure: 27, pl. 4 Fig. 6., female - “La Tasmanie ” (lectotype Paris). - Smith, 1857: 96 (cat.) - Froggatt, 1892: 232 (cat.). - Dalla Torre, 1894: 121 (cat.); 1904: 74 (cat.). - Richards, 1978: 81 (designation of lectotype; type locality probably erroneous). - Kojima, 2001a: 10 (notes on types).</p> <p>Ropalidia socialistica; Tillyard, 1925: 297. - Richards, 1978: 58 (list), 62, 64 (key), 81, Figs 10, 28, 38 (in subgenus Icariola; male; distr.). - Hook &amp; Evans, 1982: 271 (nest; ethology). - Cardale, 1985: 216 (in subgenus Icariola; cat.). - Cantrell, 1986: 256 (tachinid parasite: Anacamptomyia sp.). - Itô, 1990: 69–70 (in subgenus Icariola; ethology); 1993: 89, 134 (in subgenus Icariola; ethology). - Forster, 1994: 215 (pollination). - Kojima &amp; Carpenter, 1997a: 53 (cat.). - Carpenter, 1999: 38 (note on supposed type). - Kojima, 1999b: 375 (note on lectotype); 1999c: 384 (key), 386 (distr.), Figs 60, 66, 68. - Zhu et al., 2000: 324–338 (microsatellites). - Saito &amp; Kojima, 2005b: 273 (note on lectotype). - Brown, 2009: 30 (? North Coast).</p> <p>Distribution: NE coastal, N Gulf, Murray-Darling basin, SE coastal, (N coastal); Qld., N. S. W., N. T. specimens may be incorrectly labeled.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/036C87E0B13DFF9ED3CF52C06666C197	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Carpenter, James M.;Brown, Graham R.	Carpenter, James M., Brown, Graham R. (2022): Catalogue of the Australian social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Zootaxa 5214 (4): 451-495, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5214.4.1
036C87E0B13DFF9ED3CF548067BEC327.text	036C87E0B13DFF9ED3CF548067BEC327.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ropalidia trichophthalma Richards 1978	<div><p>trichophthalma Richards</p> <p>Ropalidia trichophthalma Richards, 1978: 54 (nest), 62 (key), 102, female, male (in subgenus Icariola) - “ Queensland Q2, Forest road near Ingham” (holotype female Canberra); also from numerous other localities in Qld. - Cardale, 1985: 217 (in subgenus Icariola; cat.). - Jeanne, 1991: 203, 213, 225 (colony population). - Kojima, 1993a: 4 (biology). - Naumann, 1993, in Naumann et al.: 179 (distr.). - Itô, 1993: 89, 134 (in subgenus Icariola; ethology). - Macalintal &amp; Starr, 1996: tables 1–2 (in subgenus Icariola; morphology). - Kojima &amp; Carpenter, 1997a: 57 (cat.). - Kojima, 1998: 100, 218, Figs 625–631 (larva); 1999b: 375 (note on holotype); 1999c: 383 (key), 387 (distr.), Figs 63–65. - Brown, 2009: 30 (? North Coast).</p> <p>Distribution: NE coastal, N Gulf, (N coastal); Qld., N. T., W. A.; specimens other than from Qld. are believed to be incorrectly labelled.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/036C87E0B13DFF9ED3CF548067BEC327	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Carpenter, James M.;Brown, Graham R.	Carpenter, James M., Brown, Graham R. (2022): Catalogue of the Australian social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Zootaxa 5214 (4): 451-495, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5214.4.1
036C87E0B13DFF9FD3CF56F0672AC5A3.text	036C87E0B13DFF9FD3CF56F0672AC5A3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ropalidia turneri Richards 1978	<div><p>turneri Richards</p> <p>Ropalidia turneri Richards, 1978: 54 (nest), 62 (key), 65 (larva in key), 73, Figs 13, 21, 31, 36, female, male (in subgenus Icariola) - “ Queesnland Q2, Kuranda, 1100 ft ” (holotype female Canberra); also from six other localities. - Yamane &amp; Okazawa, 1981: 69, Fig. 5 (larva from New Guinea) [probably R. cristata Kojima, according to Kojima, 1989]. - Cardale, 1985: 215 (in subgenus Icariola; cat.). - Kojima, 1989: 147 (compared to R. cristata n. sp.). - Jeanne, 1991: 404 (ethology). - Kojima, 1993a: 4 (biology); 1996a: 73–75 (ethology). - Macalintal &amp; Starr, 1996: tables 1–2 (in subgenus Icariola; morphology). - Kojima &amp; Carpenter, 1997a: 58 (cat.). - Wenzel, 1998: 26 (nest examined). - Kojima, 1998: 96, 218 (larva); 1999b: 368 (note on holotype); 1999c: 379 (key), 384 (distr.), Figs 1, 4–6; 2001b: 58, Figs 61–63 (in rufoplagiata -group; compared with R. cristata). - Kojima et al., 2002: 24 (key), Figs 94–102.</p> <p>Distribution: NE coastal; Qld.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/036C87E0B13DFF9FD3CF56F0672AC5A3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Carpenter, James M.;Brown, Graham R.	Carpenter, James M., Brown, Graham R. (2022): Catalogue of the Australian social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Zootaxa 5214 (4): 451-495, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5214.4.1
036C87E0B13CFF9FD3CF53E166F4C7D7.text	036C87E0B13CFF9FD3CF53E166F4C7D7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Provespa Ashmead 1903	<div><p>Genus Provespa Ashmead</p> <p>Provespa Ashmead, 1903: 182, genus.</p> <p>Type species: Vespa dorylloides de Saussure, 1854 [= Vespa anomala de Saussure, 1854], by original designation.</p> <p>This genus has a natural distribution in the Oriental Region.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/036C87E0B13CFF9FD3CF53E166F4C7D7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Carpenter, James M.;Brown, Graham R.	Carpenter, James M., Brown, Graham R. (2022): Catalogue of the Australian social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Zootaxa 5214 (4): 451-495, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5214.4.1
036C87E0B13CFF9FD3CF52C0669CC093.text	036C87E0B13CFF9FD3CF52C0669CC093.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Provespa nocturna van der Vecht	<div><p>nocturna van der Vecht</p> <p>Provespa nocturna van der Vecht, 1935: 41, Fig. 1, female, male - [Indonesia] “ Sumatra, Palembangsche Bovenlanden” (holotype female Leiden); also from Borneo;? Sulawesi. - Matsuura, 1991: 257– 261 (ethology). - Carpenter &amp; Kojima, 1997: 64 (list). - Kojima, 1998: 188, 223, Figs 1234–1239 (larva). - Archer, 1999: 90 (Qld.); 2000: 127–130 (phylogenetic relationships; distr.). - Saito &amp; Kojima, 2010: 65-74 (phylogenetic relationships).</p> <p>Distribution: Vietnam; Malaysia: Peninsular Malaysia, Sarawak, Sabah; Indonesia: Sumatra, Bangka, Kalimantan. Introduced into Qld. (1968) but not established.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/036C87E0B13CFF9FD3CF52C0669CC093	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Carpenter, James M.;Brown, Graham R.	Carpenter, James M., Brown, Graham R. (2022): Catalogue of the Australian social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Zootaxa 5214 (4): 451-495, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5214.4.1
036C87E0B13CFF9FD3CF547961B0C353.text	036C87E0B13CFF9FD3CF547961B0C353.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vespula Thomson	<div><p>Genus Vespula Thomson</p> <p>Vespula Thomson, 1869: 79, subgenus of Vespa (8 species).</p> <p>Type species: Vespa austriaca Panzer, 1799, by subsequent designation of Ashmead, 1902: 164. Pseudovespa Schmiedeknecht, 1881: 314, subgenus of Vespa Linnaeus.</p> <p>Type species: Vespa austriaca Panzer, 1799, by monotypy.</p> <p>Paravespula Blüthgen, 1938 [1937]: 271, subgenus of Dolichovespula Rohwer.</p> <p>Type species: Vespa vulgaris Linnaeus, 1758, by original designation.</p> <p>Allovespula Blüthgen, 1943b: 149, subgenus of Paravespula Blüthgen.</p> <p>Type species: “ Paravespula rufa (Linné) ” [= Vespa rufa Linnaeus, 1758], by monotypy. Rugovespula Archer, 1982: 261, 264, subgenus of Vespula Thomson.</p> <p>Type species: Vespa koreensis Radoszkowski, 1887, by original designation.</p> <p>This genus has a natural distribution in the Holarctic, Oriental and Neotropical Regions.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/036C87E0B13CFF9FD3CF547961B0C353	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Carpenter, James M.;Brown, Graham R.	Carpenter, James M., Brown, Graham R. (2022): Catalogue of the Australian social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Zootaxa 5214 (4): 451-495, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5214.4.1
036C87E0B13CFF98D3CF565C61AAC353.text	036C87E0B13CFF98D3CF565C61AAC353.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vespula germanica (Fabricius 1793)	<div><p>germanica (Fabricius)</p> <p>? Vespa maculata Scopoli, 1763: 312 - [Slovenia] “Carnioliae” (destroyed?). Junior primary homonym of Vespa maculata Linnaeus, 1763.</p> <p>? Vespa macularis Olivier, 1792: 695 (lost). Unjustified emendation of Vespa maculata Scopoli.</p> <p>Vespa Germanica Fabricius, 1793: 256 - [Germany] “Kiliae” (type depository unknown). - Lepeletier, 1836: 515 (redescription). - de Saussure, 1854: 116. - Dalla Torre, 1894: 146 (cat.); 1904: 65 (cat.). - du Buysson, 1905 [1904]: 609 (redescription; Europe; Asia; Africa; New Caledonia; U. S. A.; Canada). - Zimsen, 1964: 400 (list).</p> <p>Vespula germanica; Bequaert, 1930: 67 (in subgenus Vespula). - Anon., 1959: 35 (Tas.). - Thomas, 1960: 1–74 (biology in New Zealand). - Anon, 1960: 114–115 (Tas); 1961a: 36 (Tas.); 1961b: 341 (Tas.). - Chadwick &amp; Nikitin, 1969: 37–56 (intercepted from New Zealand). - Guiglia, 1972: 98 (key), 107 (in subgenus Paravespula; ethology), Figs XXX 4, XXXV-XXXVII, pl. III. - Martyn et al., 1972: 15. - Menke &amp; Snelling, 1975: 193–200 (introduced U. S. A.). - Whitehead &amp; Prins, 1975:39–42 (introduced South Africa). - Anon., 1977: 106–108 (W. A.). - Smithers and Holloway, 1977: 75-76 (N. S. W.); 1978: 55-59 (N. S. W.). - Richards, 1978: 4 (key; Tas., W. A.). - Erlandsson, 1978: 201– 230 (introduced Ascension). - Brown, 1979: 38–39 (impact). - Ólafsson, 1979: 27–40 (introduced Iceland). - Willink, 1980: 205-206 (introduced Argentina). - Anon., 1980: 94–96 (Vic.). - White, 1983: 17–18 (spread in N. S. W.). - East, 1984: 21–26 (Vic., S. A., Tas.). - Crawford, 1985: 4 (Vic.). - Cardale, 1985: 208 (in subgenus Paravespula; cat.). - Spradbery, 1988: 78–86. - Clapperton et al., 19r89: 315-323 (distr. in New Zealand), - Naumann, 1990: 17–28 (Norfolk I.). - Crosland, 1990a: 18–23 (economic impact); 1990b: 616–617. - Anon., 1991: 78, 91 (Qld.). - Harriss &amp; Beattie, 1991: 45-47 (pollen viability). - Spradbery, 1991a: 101–103 (ethology). - Crosland, 1991: 375-388 (spread in Tas., Vic., N. S. W., S. A., W. A.). - Brown et al., 1991: 553–562 (physiology). - Field &amp; Darby, 1991: 193–197 (biocontrol with Sphecophaga vesparum). - Collie, 1992 (Qld.). - Spradbery &amp; Maywald, 1992: 495-510 (distr., N. T.). - Spradbery, 1993: 181–190 (ethology). - Horwood et al., 1993: 241–248 (spread in N. S. W.). - Thomas, 1993: 28–30 (economic impact). - Levick &amp; Braitburg, 1996: 239–245 (envenomation). - Levick et al., 1997: 650 (pest status). - Carpenter &amp; Kojima, 1997: 77 (list). - Kojima, 1998: 195, 224, Figs 1285–1287 (larva). - Clapperton, 1999: 11–19 (ecology in New Zealand). - McGain et al., 2000: 198–200 (sting mortality). - Levick et al., 2000: 437–448 (sting injuries). - Bashford, 2001: 1 (Tas.). - Lefoe et al., 2001: 1–38 (economic impact). - Goodall &amp; Smith, 2001: 25 (economic impact). - Goodisman et al., 2001a: 1423–1432 (population genetics); 2001b: 346–349 (genetic structure); 2002: 497–502 (ethology). - Ward et al., 2002: 306–309 (ecology). - Reeson et al., 2003: 85-91 (bacterial microflora). - Kasper et al., 2004: 2037–2048 (prey). - Miller et al., 2005: 387–391 (control). - Wood et al., 2006: 263–267 (baiting). - Kasper et al., 2008a: 265-274 (ecology); 2008b: 288–295 (ethology). - Brown, 2009: 30 (? Lake Eyre Basin). - Tennant et al., 2011: 1–17. - Archer, 2012: 241 (key), 284, Figs 9.64A, 9.65B, 10.122. - Nash, 2013: 127–136 (distr. in Vic.). - Lester et al., 2014: 966 (possible supercession of V. vulgaris in Australia). - Fearn et al., 2015: 49–55 (perennial nest). - Perrard et al., 2016: Figs 2–3, 7–8 (phylogenetic relationships). - de Villiers et al., 2017: e0181397 (niche modeling). - BrentonRule et al., 2018: 3445-3460 (invasion source; viruses). - Potter-Craven et al., 2018: 521–532 (conservation impact). - Lester &amp; Beggs, 2019:51–71 (invasion history, impact, control). - Cook, 2019: 55-74 (economic impact). - Spencer et al., 2020: e00144 (feeding on carrion). - Harrop et al., 2020: 3479–3488 (genome). - Cacho et al., 2021: 1–93 (management). - Monk, 2021: 56–58 (predation by Strepera graculina). - Cairncross et al., 2022: e00227 (predation at carrion).</p> <p>Paravespula germanica; Blüthgen, 1961: 27, 45. Figs 14–15, 20. - Spradbery, 1973: 375-380 (biology). - Madden, 1981: 59–65 (ecology). - Archer, 1989: 26 (key), 37, Figs 17C, 64A, 65B, 70B. - Borsato, 1994 [1993]: 250 (Vic.: Melbourne). - Archer, 1998: 280 (distr.); 2008: 5-29 (ecology).</p> <p>Vespula maculifrons; Peña et al., 1975: 167 (introduced Chile). Misidentification.</p> <p>Distribution: coastal in N. S. W., Vic., Tas., S. A., W.A.; introduced into Australia (Tas. 1959, N. S. W. 1975, Vic. 1977, W. A. 1977, S. A. 1978, Qld. 1988, N. T. 1992); native to Eurasia, also introduced into New Zealand, North and South America, Iceland, Ascension and South Africa.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/036C87E0B13CFF98D3CF565C61AAC353	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Carpenter, James M.;Brown, Graham R.	Carpenter, James M., Brown, Graham R. (2022): Catalogue of the Australian social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Zootaxa 5214 (4): 451-495, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5214.4.1
036C87E0B13BFF99D3CF565C617DC0BF.text	036C87E0B13BFF99D3CF565C617DC0BF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vespa vulgaris (Linnaeus)	<div><p>vulgaris (Linnaeus)</p> <p>Vespa vulgaris Linnaeus, 1758: 572 - “in Europa” (lectotype female, Linnean Society, London). - Lepeletier, 1836: 516 (redescription). - de Saussure, 1854: 113. - Dalla Torre, 1894: 157 (cat.); 1904: 66 (cat.). - du Buysson, 1905 [1904]: 603 (resdescription; Europe; Asia; Canada). - Day, 1979: 45-84 (designation of lectotype).</p> <p>Vespa sexcincta Panzer, 1799: 63, Fig. 1, male - “Viennae Austr.” (destroyed).</p> <p>Vespa vulgaris var. pseudogermanica Stolfa, 1932: 26 (key), female - [Italy] “Lago superiore di Weissenfels (Tarvisio)... Senosecchia” (type depository unknown).</p> <p>Vespa mixta “Schenck ” Edwards, 1980: 363. Nomen nudum.</p> <p>Vespula vulgaris; Bequaert, 1930: 68 (in subgenus Vespula). - Johnston, 1960: 157 (Vic.). - Anon., 1962: 44 (Vic.). - Guiglia, 1972: 98 (key), 112 (in subgenus Paravespula; ethology), Figs XXX 3, 5B, XXXV, pl. I. - Richards, 1978: 4 (key), 6 (Vic.). - Ólafsson, 1979: 27–40 (introduced Iceland). - Donovan, 1984: 417–427 (introduced New Zealand). - Cardale, 1985: 209 (in subgenus Paravespula; cat.). - Clapperton et al., 1989: 315-323 (distr. in New Zealand), - Crosland, 1991: 375 (spread in Vic.). - Field &amp; Darby, 1991: 193–197 (biocontrol with Sphecophaga vesparum). - Carpenter &amp; Kojima, 1997: 81 (list). - Kojima, 1998: 196, 224, Figs 1288–1289 (larva). - Clapperton, 1999: 11–19 (ecology in New Zealand). - Matthews et al., 2000:177–179 (Tas.). - Bashford, 2001: 1–12 (Tas.). - Masciocchi et al., 2010: 267–270 (introduced Argentina). - Bashford, 2010: 163–169 (baiting). - Archer, 2012: 241 (key), 285, Figs 9.64B, 9.66B, 9.70, 9.71B, 9.72B, 9.73B, 9.74B, 9.75-76, 10.127. - Vallas, 2012: 1 (introduced Tahiti). - Barrera Medina &amp; Muñoz, 2013: 277–278 (introduced Chile). - Lester et al., 2014: 966 (possible supercession by V. germanica in Australia). - Perrard et al., 2016: Figs 2–3, 7–8 (phylogenetic relationships). - Potter-Craven et al., 2018: 521–532 (conservation impact). - Lester &amp; Beggs, 2019:51–71 (invasion history, impact, control). - Harrop et al., 2020: 3479–3488 (genome).</p> <p>Paravespula vulgaris; Blüthgen, 1943b: 149; 1961: 43, Fig. 19. - Archer, 1989: 27 (key), 37, Figs 8C, 9C, 10C, 17B, 64B, 66B, 70A, 71B, 72B; 1998: 280 (distr.); 2008: 5-29 (ecology).</p> <p>Vespula rufosignata Eck, 1998: 299, female, Figs 1A, C, 2 - “ India: Kashmir... Gulmarg, 2900 m ” (type depository not stated; London); also from two other localities. - Carpenter, 2009: 292 (syn. of vulgaris (Linnaeus)).</p> <p>Vespula vulgaris vetus Eck, 1999: 309, 329, female, male - “ China, Quinghai Prov., Datong-Tal, 120 km NE Xinging, 2360 m ” (holotype female Dresden); also from five other localities. NEW SYNONYMY.</p> <p>Vespula yunlongensis Dong and Wang, 2003, in Dong et al.: 212, Fig. 1, female [?] - “ YUNNAN CHINA ” (Kunming). - Tan et al., 2015: 52 (syn. of vulgaris (Linnaeus)).</p> <p>Distribution: SE coastal; Vic., Tas.; introduced into Australia (Vic. 1958, Tas. 1995); native to Eurasia, also introduced into New Zealand; Iceland; Tahiti; Chile; Argentina.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/036C87E0B13BFF99D3CF565C617DC0BF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Carpenter, James M.;Brown, Graham R.	Carpenter, James M., Brown, Graham R. (2022): Catalogue of the Australian social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Zootaxa 5214 (4): 451-495, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5214.4.1
