taxonID	type	description	language	source
039A87C2267DB863A0E8F9B3FBDA9981.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This taxon, erected as Sclerothyoninae by Thandar (1989) within the family Sclerodactylidae, was raised to full family rank by Smirnov (2012) in his revision of the classification of the Holothuroidea. Although not totally accepted by WoRMS (accessed May 2012), it is listed as an alternative nomen.	en	Thandar, A. S., Arumugam, P. (2022): Referral of Thyone neofusus Deichmann, 1941, Thyone adinopoda (Pawson & Miller, 1981 and Havelockia obunca (Lampert, 1885) to the genus Sclerothyone Thandar, 1990, and a replacement name for the preoccupied genus Neothyone Deichmann, 1941 (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida). Zootaxa 5219 (1): 65-71, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5219.1.3
039A87C2267DB863A0E8F9B3FBDA9981.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. [from Thandar 1989, as amended by Martins & Tavares 2019]. Tentacles 10, ventral-most two much reduced. Calcareous ring not tubular, radial and interradial plates separate or united at base only. Posterior paired processes of radial plates long, 2 – 8 times the length of ring, either entire of broken into several pieces. Included genera. Sclerothyone (type genus), Temparena Thandar, 1989, Neopentamera Deichmann, 1941, Thandarum Martinez & Brogger, 2012, and Paulayellus Martins & Tavares,. 1998.	en	Thandar, A. S., Arumugam, P. (2022): Referral of Thyone neofusus Deichmann, 1941, Thyone adinopoda (Pawson & Miller, 1981 and Havelockia obunca (Lampert, 1885) to the genus Sclerothyone Thandar, 1990, and a replacement name for the preoccupied genus Neothyone Deichmann, 1941 (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida). Zootaxa 5219 (1): 65-71, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5219.1.3
039A87C2267CB863A0E8FCBEFABA9F05.taxon	materials_examined	Although the holotype is now devoid of the calcareous ring and ossicles, perhaps completely decalcified, a dissected paratype demonstrated a well-developed calcareous ring (Figure 1 A) typical of the Sclerothyonidae and the body wall ossicles (Figure 1 B) as delicate 2 - pillared tables but on their way to corrosion. The paratype corresponds well with Deichmann’s (1941) description of the species except that the pedicel ossicles are badly affected and appear as corroded rods (? plates) with central and terminal perforations (Figure 1 C). The tentacle ossicles comprise slender, curved, perforated rods (Figure 1 D) and open rosettes (Figure 1 E). No ossicles were detected in the introvert. From this we conclude that the calcareous ring and ossicles of the examined paratype are close to the type species of Sclerothyone [(i. e. S. velligera (Ludwig & Heding, 1935)] and also closely resemble those of S. unicolumnus Thandar, 2006. However, Martins and Tavares (2019) opined that Thyone neofusus may belong in Temparena (also in Sclerothyoninae), rather than in Sclerothyone, as they mistook the plate-like ossicles illustrated by Deichmann (1941), to have also come from the body wall. This observation is erroneous because of misinterpretation of Deichmann’s (1941) figure legend. It is here noted that the so-called plates are actually supporting plates, labelled as such in Deichmann’s legend, while in the description she herself stated that the plates may be reduced tables from the tube feet. However, it is noteworthy that Deichmann mentioned only rosettes in the introvert, but her figure clearly illustrates a “ disc of table from introvert ”. This may perhaps be contamination from another preparation. Hence, Deichmann’s description of the introvert deposits require clarification from a study of more material.	en	Thandar, A. S., Arumugam, P. (2022): Referral of Thyone neofusus Deichmann, 1941, Thyone adinopoda (Pawson & Miller, 1981 and Havelockia obunca (Lampert, 1885) to the genus Sclerothyone Thandar, 1990, and a replacement name for the preoccupied genus Neothyone Deichmann, 1941 (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida). Zootaxa 5219 (1): 65-71, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5219.1.3
039A87C2267CB863A0E8FE4AFD989AD5.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (from Martins & Tavares 2019, amended herein). Tube feet in double rows, restricted to ambulacra, interambulacra mostly naked, or tube feet scattered over body. Calcareous ring compact, non-tubular, posterior processes of radial plates long, entire or subdivided. Body wall tables with regular, oval, four-holed disc, with or without a handle, or large, irregular multilocular disc, also with or without a handle. Spire with pillars separate or fused. Introvert with plates, rods, rosettes and / or tables. Tentacles with rods, plates, rosettes or tables. Tube feet with endplate, supporting tables and plates. Included species. All genera and species included, except those here dealt with, are tabulated by Martins & Tavares (1998), together with their distribution and ossicle morphology and there is no need to repeat this here, except that Cucumaria nozawai Mitsukuri, 2012, from Japan, was transferred to Sclerothyone by Thandar (2021) and, in the current paper, Thyone neofusus Deichmann, 1941 from the West Atlantic, Thyone adinopoda Pawson & Miller. 1981 also from the West Atlantic and Havelockia obunca (Lampert, 1885) from Japan, are also now transferred to this genus as suggested by Arumugam (2011). The inclusion of T. adinopoda was not questioned by Martins & Tavares (2019) but they excluded it from their table and the key. Hence altogether 13 species currently stand in Sclerothyone. The key provided by Martins & Tavares (2019) is here modified to include all the species. The debatable species are discussed below.	en	Thandar, A. S., Arumugam, P. (2022): Referral of Thyone neofusus Deichmann, 1941, Thyone adinopoda (Pawson & Miller, 1981 and Havelockia obunca (Lampert, 1885) to the genus Sclerothyone Thandar, 1990, and a replacement name for the preoccupied genus Neothyone Deichmann, 1941 (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida). Zootaxa 5219 (1): 65-71, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5219.1.3
039A87C22679B867A0E8FA80FDF99AF0.taxon	synonymic_list	Stolus Selenka (partim) 1867: 356. Thyone (partim) Ludwig, 1886 (1887). Neothyone Deichmann, 1941: 108; Panning, 1949: 458 [homonym of Neothyone Hampson, 1914, in lepidopteran family Arctiidae].	en	Thandar, A. S., Arumugam, P. (2022): Referral of Thyone neofusus Deichmann, 1941, Thyone adinopoda (Pawson & Miller, 1981 and Havelockia obunca (Lampert, 1885) to the genus Sclerothyone Thandar, 1990, and a replacement name for the preoccupied genus Neothyone Deichmann, 1941 (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida). Zootaxa 5219 (1): 65-71, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5219.1.3
039A87C22679B867A0E8FA80FDF99AF0.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (after Deichmann 1941). A genus of medium-sized dendrochirotid holothuroids with a thick body wall, packed with ossicles .. Tube feet numerous, distributed over entire body. Tentacles 10, ventral pair reduced. Plates of calcareous ring subdivided, with radial plates carrying short to medium-sized, fragmented, posterior processes, in some species fairly short and soft, often inwardly curled, thereby escaping notice. Ossicles of body wall a superficial layer of buttons with spinous projections on one side and an inner handle on the other, transformed into reticulated baskets in one species, in some cases lost with advancing age, and an inner layer of numerous, mostly 4 - holed knobbed, sometimes smooth, buttons. Supporting tables of tube feet numerous, spire present or reduced; endplates present. Tentacle ossicles as heavy plates or rods. Introvert supported by tables or reduced buttons (plates) and / or tables.	en	Thandar, A. S., Arumugam, P. (2022): Referral of Thyone neofusus Deichmann, 1941, Thyone adinopoda (Pawson & Miller, 1981 and Havelockia obunca (Lampert, 1885) to the genus Sclerothyone Thandar, 1990, and a replacement name for the preoccupied genus Neothyone Deichmann, 1941 (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida). Zootaxa 5219 (1): 65-71, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5219.1.3
039A87C22679B867A0E8FA80FDF99AF0.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Arumugam (2011) pointed out that the nomen Neothyone Deichmann, 1941 is preoccupied, having been used by Hampson (1914) for a group of moths belonging to the lepidopteran family Arctiidae, antedating Deichmann’s Neothyone by some 27 years. Hence, to replace this junior homonym, she proposed the nomen Lisacucumis nomen nov., which is here formally published with Stolus gibber Selenka, 1867, designated by Deichmann (1941) for Neothyone, as the type species of the new genus.	en	Thandar, A. S., Arumugam, P. (2022): Referral of Thyone neofusus Deichmann, 1941, Thyone adinopoda (Pawson & Miller, 1981 and Havelockia obunca (Lampert, 1885) to the genus Sclerothyone Thandar, 1990, and a replacement name for the preoccupied genus Neothyone Deichmann, 1941 (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida). Zootaxa 5219 (1): 65-71, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5219.1.3
039A87C22679B867A0E8FA80FDF99AF0.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Stolus gibber Selenka, 1867 (designated for Neothyone by Deichmann, 1941).	en	Thandar, A. S., Arumugam, P. (2022): Referral of Thyone neofusus Deichmann, 1941, Thyone adinopoda (Pawson & Miller, 1981 and Havelockia obunca (Lampert, 1885) to the genus Sclerothyone Thandar, 1990, and a replacement name for the preoccupied genus Neothyone Deichmann, 1941 (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida). Zootaxa 5219 (1): 65-71, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5219.1.3
039A87C22679B867A0E8FA80FDF99AF0.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Acapulco, Mexico.	en	Thandar, A. S., Arumugam, P. (2022): Referral of Thyone neofusus Deichmann, 1941, Thyone adinopoda (Pawson & Miller, 1981 and Havelockia obunca (Lampert, 1885) to the genus Sclerothyone Thandar, 1990, and a replacement name for the preoccupied genus Neothyone Deichmann, 1941 (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida). Zootaxa 5219 (1): 65-71, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5219.1.3
039A87C22679B867A0E8FA80FDF99AF0.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The new name proposed is in honour of the late Dr Elisabeth Deichmann for her excellent contributions to the taxonomy of the Holothuroidea.	en	Thandar, A. S., Arumugam, P. (2022): Referral of Thyone neofusus Deichmann, 1941, Thyone adinopoda (Pawson & Miller, 1981 and Havelockia obunca (Lampert, 1885) to the genus Sclerothyone Thandar, 1990, and a replacement name for the preoccupied genus Neothyone Deichmann, 1941 (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida). Zootaxa 5219 (1): 65-71, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5219.1.3
039A87C22679B867A0E8FA80FDF99AF0.taxon	distribution	Distribution: East Pacific (from Peru, through Costa Rica to Mexico, from shallow water to several meters. Other species included: Thyone panamensis Ludwig, 1886 (1887); Neothyone gibbosa Deichmann, 1941. However, since the erection of Neothyone, several other species were referred to it but of these N. belli (Ludwig, 1887) and N. capensis (Théel, 1886), have been transferred to other genera, whereas those species / subspecies referred to it by Domantay (1953) have been declared either nomina nuda and one as nomen dubiosus by WoRMS (accessed May 24, 2022). Thus, currently only three species remain, all are well-keyed by Deichmann (1941).	en	Thandar, A. S., Arumugam, P. (2022): Referral of Thyone neofusus Deichmann, 1941, Thyone adinopoda (Pawson & Miller, 1981 and Havelockia obunca (Lampert, 1885) to the genus Sclerothyone Thandar, 1990, and a replacement name for the preoccupied genus Neothyone Deichmann, 1941 (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida). Zootaxa 5219 (1): 65-71, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5219.1.3
039A87C22679B867A0E8FA80FDF99AF0.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Deichmann (1941) referred only 3 species to Neothyone. While Selenka’s (1867) description of the type species is rather brief and not accompanied by any illustration, that of Ludwig’s (1886, 1887) Thyone similis (a synonym of N. gibber according to Deichmann, 1941), clearly indicates that this species is referable to the synonymy of N. gibber. Panning (1949), in his revision of the family Cucumariidae, transferred Neothyone to Sclerodactylinae but, like Deichmann (1941), was also unaware that this name was preoccupied. Neothyone is included by WoRMS (accessed May 24, 2022) in the subfamily Thyoninae but gives Thyonidae (sensu Smirnov 2012) as an alternative representation, which is here used.	en	Thandar, A. S., Arumugam, P. (2022): Referral of Thyone neofusus Deichmann, 1941, Thyone adinopoda (Pawson & Miller, 1981 and Havelockia obunca (Lampert, 1885) to the genus Sclerothyone Thandar, 1990, and a replacement name for the preoccupied genus Neothyone Deichmann, 1941 (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida). Zootaxa 5219 (1): 65-71, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5219.1.3
