identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
5C5787B813694B3E92DD3E8BE4EEFA30.text	5C5787B813694B3E92DD3E8BE4EEFA30.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phonotimpus Gertsch & Davis 1940	<div><p>Genus Phonotimpus Gertsch &amp; Davis, 1940</p> <p>Type species: Phonotimpus separatus Gertsch &amp; Davis, 1940.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Phonotimpus differs from all other phrurolithids by the following combination of characters: posterior eye row recurved, posteromedian eyes smaller than posterolateral eyes and closer to posterolateral eyes than each other (Figs 65, 69), both sexes with a dorsal abdominal scutum (Figs 66, 70). Males have palpal femur with a retrolateral excavation and a prolateral patch of spinules distally (Figs 13, 14), with dorsal and retrolateral tibial apophyses (not joined at base) (Figs 3, 4), palpal bulb with an embolar basal process and membranous conductor clumped with the embolus (Figs 9, 12, and fig. 3B in Chamé-Vázquez et al. 2018).</p> <p>Description. A detailed generic description must await treatment of other undescribed species.</p> <p>Natural history. Phonotimpus specimens are found in the soil litter from tropical forests, secondary vegetation (Chamé-Vázquez et al. 2018), or in caves (see below). The predatory behavior and some aspects of reproductive behavior and natural enemies are known only for P. pennimani Chamé-Vázquez, Ibarra-Núñez &amp; Jiménez, 2018 and P. talquian Chamé-Vázquez, Ibarra-Núñez &amp; Jiménez, 2018 (Angulo-Ordoñes et al. 2019; Chamé-Vázquez 2020).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5C5787B813694B3E92DD3E8BE4EEFA30	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Platnick, Norman I.;Chamé-Vázquez, David;Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo	Platnick, Norman I., Chamé-Vázquez, David, Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo (2022): The guardstone spiders of the genus Phonotimpus Gertsch & Davis (Araneae: Phrurolithidae) from northeastern Mexico. Zootaxa 5219 (1): 1-48, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5219.1.1
5C5787B813694B3E92DD3B0EE7BBF81C.text	5C5787B813694B3E92DD3B0EE7BBF81C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phonotimpus separatus Gertsch & Davis 1940	<div><p>The separatus group</p> <p>Members of this group have two closely-spaced copulatory openings; the first part of the copulatory ducts is directed laterally, sclerotized (P. marialuisae Chamé-Vázquez &amp; Ibarra-Núñez, 2019 and P. padillai Chamé-Vázquez, Campuzano &amp; Ibarra-Núñez, 2021 have a copulatory duct chamber), then short to long second part directed posteriorly; bursae arise from copulatory ducts near and laterally or latero-dorsally to copulatory openings; primary spermathecae oval to slightly elongated, situated posterior to copulatory openings and close to posterior epigynal margin.</p> <p>Composition. P. separatus, P. marialuisae, P. padillai, P. cima sp. nov., P. cumbres sp. nov., P. farias sp. nov., P. perra sp. nov., P. sanpedro sp. nov. and P. taman sp. nov.</p> <p>Distribution. Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosí, and Estado de México.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5C5787B813694B3E92DD3B0EE7BBF81C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Platnick, Norman I.;Chamé-Vázquez, David;Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo	Platnick, Norman I., Chamé-Vázquez, David, Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo (2022): The guardstone spiders of the genus Phonotimpus Gertsch & Davis (Araneae: Phrurolithidae) from northeastern Mexico. Zootaxa 5219 (1): 1-48, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5219.1.1
5C5787B8136E4B3B92DD3D97E501F8E1.text	5C5787B8136E4B3B92DD3D97E501F8E1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phonotimpus separatus Gertsch & Davis 1940	<div><p>Phonotimpus separatus Gertsch &amp; Davis, 1940</p> <p>Figures 1–30, 65–72</p> <p>Phonotimpus separatus Gertsch &amp; Davis, 1940: 20, fig. 21 (female holotype from Tamazunchale, San Luis Potosí, Mexico, in AMNH; examined). Chamé-Vázquez et al., 2018: 215, figs 1A–H.</p> <p>Material examined. MEXICO: San Luis Potosí: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-98.83329&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.36135" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -98.83329/lat 21.36135)">2.5 km N Matlapa</a>, 21.36135°N, 98.833291°W, elev. 250 m, June 23, 2019, leaf litter, perturbed tropical deciduous forest, D. Chamé, 2♂, 3♀; (ECOTAAR-011481), D. Chamé, 2♂, 2♀ (AMNH), July 29, 2017, J. F. Gómez, 1♀ (ECOTAAR-009018); Tamazunchale, May 20, 1944, F. Bonet, 1♀ (AMNH); 5 mi N Tamazunchale, July 2, 1936, A., L. Davis, 1♀ (holotype, AMNH).</p> <p>Diagnosis. Females differ from all other species by the following combination of characters: one small, shallow atrium with two very small and closely spaced copulatory openings, facing each other, a pentagonal epigynal shape, formed by the margins of the spermathecae, copulatory ducts and bursae (see figs 1E–H in Chamé-Vázquez et al. 2018 and Figs 5–7, 16–18). Males differ from all other species by having the dorsal and retrolateral tibial apophyses subequal in length and thickness, both acuminate, retrolateral tibial apophysis curved basally then straight, dorsal tibial apophysis slightly arched (Figs 1–4, 8–11).</p> <p>Description. Male (ECOTAAR-011481): Total length 1.22. Carapace yellow, with a few dispersed dark maculations on lateral margins, pars thoracica steeply sloping, pars cephalica gently sloping from thoracic groove to clypeus; sternum, mouthparts light yellow, each cheliceral paturon with two erect bristles near base, median bristle longer, stronger than lateral bristle; abdomen narrow, dorsum dark gray, anteriorly with scattered white spots, posteriorly with threadlike white chevrons and a white spot on anal tubercle, shiny scutum covering most of dorsum, sides light gray with longitudinal rows of white spots, venter yellow without markings (Figs 65–68); legs light yellow, all unmarked. Leg spination: femora: I p0-0-2; II p0-0-1; III, IV d1-0-0; tibiae: I v4-4-2,1p; II v4-4-1p; metatarsi I v4-2-1p; II v2-2- 1p.</p> <p>Palpal femur with shallow retrolateral excavation, extending over distal half of femur length, patch of spinules on distal, prolateral half (Figs 13–14); dorsal tibial apophysis long, slightly arched, distally acuminate (Figs 4, 11); retrolateral apophysis long, basally curved, distally acuminate and straight (Figs 2–3, 10); tegulum expanded retrolaterally; embolar base wide, occupying about one-third of bulb width; embolus short, extending retrolaterally; embolar basal process straight, tip touching embolus; conductor short, rhomb-shaped (Fig. 12); apical tegular apophysis subtriangular (Fig. 12).</p> <p>Female: See the redescription provided by Chamé-Vázquez et al. (2018). Epigyne (ECOTAAR-011481-MEB) with small thumblike secondary spermathecae at the beginning of second part of copulatory ducts (Figs 17–18).</p> <p>Distribution. Known only from the Municipios de Matlapa and Tamazunchale, in southeastern San Luis Potosí (Fig. 339).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5C5787B8136E4B3B92DD3D97E501F8E1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Platnick, Norman I.;Chamé-Vázquez, David;Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo	Platnick, Norman I., Chamé-Vázquez, David, Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo (2022): The guardstone spiders of the genus Phonotimpus Gertsch & Davis (Araneae: Phrurolithidae) from northeastern Mexico. Zootaxa 5219 (1): 1-48, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5219.1.1
5C5787B8136D4B3592DD3D97E764FB49.text	5C5787B8136D4B3592DD3D97E764FB49.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phonotimpus cima Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez & Ibarra-Núñez 2022	<div><p>Phonotimpus cima sp. nov.</p> <p>Figures 31–37, 73–80</p> <p>Type material. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.18697&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.0344" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.18697/lat 23.0344)">Male</a> holotype and female allotype from a Winkler sample of sifted cloud forest leaf litter taken at El Cielo, 3 km SE Alta Cima, 23.03440°N, 99.18697°W, elev. 860 m, Tamaulipas, Mexico (Aug. 24, 2009; M. Branstetter), deposited in MCZ (94044).</p> <p>Other material examined. MEXICO: Tamaulipas: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.19926&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.05005" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.19926/lat 23.05005)">El Cielo</a>, 1.2 km SE Alta Cima, 23.05005°N, 99.19926°W, elev. 920 m, Aug. 24, 2009, Winkler trap, sifted leaf litter, cloud forest, M. Branstetter, 1♀ (MCZ 95746). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.2883&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.0233" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.2883/lat 23.0233)">El Cielo</a>, 1.3 km NW Joya de Manantiales, 23.0233°N, 99.28830°W, elev. 1620 m, Aug. 22, 2009, sifted leaf litter, mesophyll forest, M. Branstetter, 1♂ (ex MCZ 95546). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.21564&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.0611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.21564/lat 23.0611)">El Cielo</a>, 1.8 km W Alta Cima, 23.06110°N, 99.21564°W, elev. 1340 m, Aug. 23, 2009, Winkler trap, sifted leaf litter, mesophyll forest, M. Branstetter, 2♀ (ex MCZ 93767). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.18941&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.03787" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.18941/lat 23.03787)">El Cielo</a>, 2.5 km SSE Alta Cima, 23.03787°N, 99.18941°W, elev. 870 m, Aug. 24, 2009, Winkler trap, sifted leaf litter, cloud forest, M. Branstetter, 1♀ (MCZ 95691). El Cielo, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.21315&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.14122" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.21315/lat 23.14122)">Julilo</a>, 23.14122°N, 99.21315°W, elev. 1450 m, July 19, 2006, liquidambar/oak forest litter, R. Anderson, L. Benavides, 3♀ (ex MCZ 140486).</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Males of this species are easily recognized by the twisted dorsal tibial apophysis, the tip of which is directed prolaterally rather than distally, retrolateral tibial apophysis projecting far to the side of the tibia, embolus short, apical tegular apophysis absent (Figs 31–34). Females have an epigynum that resembles that of P. separatus, but the copulatory openings are more separated, the bursae and the secondary spermathecae are much longer, the primary spermathecae are much shorter and separated by the chalice-shaped gap formed by the borders of the spermathecae and copulatory ducts (Figs 33–37).</p> <p>Description. Male (holotype): Total length 1.94. Carapace pale olive, with dark maculations everywhere except median, top portion of pars cephalica, pars thoracica steeply sloping, pars cephalica gently sloping; sternum, mouthparts yellow, each cheliceral paturon anteriorly darkened, with two strong, erect bristles near base; abdomen narrow, greatly narrowed posteriorly, dorsum, sides dark gray, dorsum with single broad, white chevron at about half its length, with small white spot above spinnerets, scutum covering entire dorsum, sides with longitudinal rows of white spots, venter white, unmarked (Figs 73–76); legs yellow, with vague indications of dark rings proximally, distally on femora, patellae, tibiae. Leg spination: femora: I d1-0-0, p0-0-2; II d1-0-0, p0-0-1; III–IV d1-0-0; tibiae I v4-4-4-1r; II v4-4-4; metatarsi: I v2-2-3; II v3-2-2.</p> <p>Palpal femur distally incrassate, with retrolateral excavation extending over distal half of femur length, patch of spinules on distal, prolateral half; dorsal tibial apophysis long, sinuous, base massive, subbasally widened, tip acuminate, directed prolaterally (Figs 33–34); retrolateral apophysis projecting far to the side of the tibia, bent ventrally at about half its length (Figs 32–33); tegulum slightly expanded retrolaterally; embolar base narrow, occupying about one-fifth of bulb width; embolus short, narrow, weak, directed retrolaterally, obscured by the embolar basal process and conductor; embolar basal process narrower than embolar base; conductor narrow, slightly widened at apex; apical tegular apophysis absent.</p> <p>Female (allotype): Total length 2.57. As in male, except abdomen wider posteriorly, dorsal abdominal scutum short, triangular, covering cardiac area only, dorsum with three threadlike white chevrons on posterior half, followed by larger white chevron above spinnerets, dorsum, sides with longitudinal rows of white spots (Figs 77–80), leg rings even less obvious. Leg spination as in male except tibiae: II v4-4-2- 1p.</p> <p>Epigynum narrow, small copulatory openings situated at middle of epigynum; first part of copulatory ducts short, laterally directed, second part longer than first, posteriorly directed; bursae large, elongated, narrower at base, contiguous at its distal ends; primary spermathecae subquadrate, much smaller than bursae, shorter than copulatory ducts; fingerlike secondary spermathecae arising near the union of copulatory ducts and primary spermathecae, parallel and contiguous to copulatory ducts; fertilization ducts horn-shaped, lateral to primary spermathecae; the borders of the spermathecae and copulatory ducts form a chalice-shaped gap (Figs 35 –37).</p> <p>Distribution. Known only from the Municipio de Gómez Farías in southern Tamaulipas, where it is sometimes sympatric with P. cielo sp. nov. and P. farias sp. nov. (Fig. 339).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5C5787B8136D4B3592DD3D97E764FB49	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Platnick, Norman I.;Chamé-Vázquez, David;Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo	Platnick, Norman I., Chamé-Vázquez, David, Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo (2022): The guardstone spiders of the genus Phonotimpus Gertsch & Davis (Araneae: Phrurolithidae) from northeastern Mexico. Zootaxa 5219 (1): 1-48, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5219.1.1
5C5787B813624B3492DD3816E0C2F91D.text	5C5787B813624B3492DD3816E0C2F91D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phonotimpus cumbres Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez & Ibarra-Núñez 2022	<div><p>Phonotimpus cumbres sp. nov.</p> <p>Figures 38–44, 81–88</p> <p>Type material. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.21497&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.60017" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.21497/lat 23.60017)">Male</a> holotype and female allotype taken at 1 km W Altas Cumbres, Ciudad Victoria, 23.60017°N, 99.21497°W, elev. 1350 m, Tamaulipas, Mexico (July 14, 2006; R. Anderson, L. Benavides), deposited in MCZ (140480).</p> <p>Other material examined. One male and three females taken with the types (MCZ).</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.</p> <p>Diagnosis. This species seems close to P. farias sp. nov. and P. perra sp. nov. but males have the distal half of retrolateral tibial apophysis sharp, triangular in retrolateral view (Figs 39–41) and females have small, circular copulatory openings and rounded primary spermathecae separated by one diameter respectively (Figs 42–44).</p> <p>Description. Male (holotype): Total length 1.54. Carapace yellow, with dark lateral margins, two wide, paramedian bands of dark, radiating maculations, pars thoracica gently sloping, pars cephalica flat; sternum, mouthparts yellow, each cheliceral paturon with two erect bristles near base, median bristle longer, stronger, than lateral bristle; abdomen narrow, dorsum, sides dark gray, posterior two-thirds with five white chevrons, most anterior chevron largest, others decreasing in size toward spinnerets, all chevrons difficult to distinguish under strong scutum covering almost full length of abdomen, chevrons more obvious on sides, venter white, unmarked (Figs 81–84); legs yellow, femora, patellae, tibiae with weak distal dark rings. Leg spination: femora: I d1-0-0, p0-0-2; II d1-0-0, p0-0-1; III–IV d1-0-0; tibiae: I v4-4-3; II v4-4-1p; metatarsi I, II v2-2-3.</p> <p>Palpal femur with retrolateral excavation extending over distal half of femur length, patch of spinules on distal, prolateral half; dorsal tibial apophysis long, narrowing smoothly to tip; retrolateral apophysis much stronger, wide at base, abruptly narrowed at about half its length, triangular and sharp in retrolateral view (Fig. 40); tegulum slightly expanded proximally; about one third of embolar base sclerotized, the rest membranous; embolus short, tubular, weak, extending obliquely toward retrolateral edge of alveolus, obscured by embolar basal process, which ends at embolus tip; conductor short, widened at apex; hook-shaped apical tegular apophysis (Fig. 39).</p> <p>Female (allotype): Total length 2.35. As in male, except dorsal abdominal scutum narrow, restricted to cardiac area, flanked by two paramedian, rounded white spots (Figs 85–88), distal leg rings much weaker on anterior legs than posteriors. Leg spination as in male except tibiae: I v4-4-4; II v4-4-2.</p> <p>Epigynum wide, with pair of dark, circular copulatory openings, each situated on a shallow atrium, separated by their diameter, just anterior of spermathecae in posterior half of epigynal length; bursae large, subtriangular, contiguous; rounded primary spermathecae small, separated by their diameter, restricted to posterior quarter of epigynum length; secondary spermathecae fingerlike, lateral to copulatory ducts (Figs 42–44).</p> <p>Distribution. Known only from the Municipio de Victoria in central Tamaulipas (Fig. 339).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5C5787B813624B3492DD3816E0C2F91D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Platnick, Norman I.;Chamé-Vázquez, David;Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo	Platnick, Norman I., Chamé-Vázquez, David, Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo (2022): The guardstone spiders of the genus Phonotimpus Gertsch & Davis (Araneae: Phrurolithidae) from northeastern Mexico. Zootaxa 5219 (1): 1-48, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5219.1.1
5C5787B813634B3792DD3BE2E751FB65.text	5C5787B813634B3792DD3BE2E751FB65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phonotimpus farias Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez & Ibarra-Núñez 2022	<div><p>Phonotimpus farias sp. nov.</p> <p>Figures 45–51, 89–96</p> <p>Type material. Male holotype from Rancho del Cielo, 6 mi NW Gómez Farías, Tamaulipas, Mexico (Mar. 9, 1969; J. Reddell et al.), deposited in AMNH.</p> <p>Other material examined. MEXICO: Tamaulipas: Gómez Farías and vicinity, elev. 400–600 m, July 20–24, year unknown, collector unknown, 1♂, 2♀ (AMNH). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.21315&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.14122" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.21315/lat 23.14122)">Julilo</a>, 23.14122°N, 99.21315°W, elev. 1450 m, July 19, 2006, liquidambar/oak forest litter, R. Anderson, L. Benavides, 2♀ (MCZ 140486).</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.</p> <p>Diagnosis. This species seems close to P. cumbres sp. nov. and P. perra sp. nov., but males have the distal half of retrolateral tibial apophysis shorter, dorsal margin straight, the ventral one sinuous in retrolateral view (Fig. 47); females have more separated copulatory openings, and elongated spermathecae, transversely oriented (Figs 49–51).</p> <p>Description. Male (holotype): Total length 1.60. Carapace olive, entire surface covered with dark maculations that are lighter submarginally, medially, pars thoracica gently sloping, pars cephalica flattened; sternum, mouthparts olive, each cheliceral paturon with two strong, erect bristles near base; abdomen narrow, dorsum, sides dark gray, dorsum with faint traces of four threadlike white chevrons just above spinnerets, scutum covering almost entire dorsum, sides with longitudinal rows of white spots, venter light gray, with scattered white spots (Figs 89–92); legs yellow, with all femora darkened, patellae, tibiae with distal dark rings. Leg spination: femora: I d1-0-0, p0-0-2; II d1-0-0, p0-0-1; III–IV d1-0-0; tibiae: I v4-4-3; II v4-4-0; metatarsi I, II v4-2- 1p.</p> <p>Palpal femur distally incrassate, with retrolateral excavation extending over distal half of femur length, patch of spinules on distal, prolateral half; dorsal tibial apophysis long, straight, attenuate (Fig. 48); retrolateral apophysis much stronger, shorter, wide at base, abruptly narrowed at half its length, distal half with dorsal margin straight and the ventral sinuous, as seen retrolaterally (Fig. 47); tegulum slightly expanded proximally, about one fourth of embolar base sclerotized, the rest membranous; embolus short, tubular, translucent, pointing diagonally to retrolateral side, obscured by embolar basal process, which is sigmoidal, slender distally, ending at embolus tip; conductor short, widened at tip; apical tegular apophysis pointing distally, partially obscured by conductor (Fig. 46).</p> <p>Female (Julilo): Total length 2.02. As in male, except carapace with light median band extending from posterior half of pars cephalica to posterior margin, abdominal scutum small, triangular, restricted to anterior portion of cardiac area, dorsum with seven white chevrons, anterior two chevrons much larger than others (Figs 93–96), distal dark rings more pronounced on posterior patellae, tibiae. Leg spination as in male except tibiae: I v4-4-4; II v4-4- 1p; metatarsi: I v4-2-2.</p> <p>Epigynum large, posterior half with two small, shallow atria (often occluded with dark secretions), separated by about two diameters; copulatory openings small, situated at lateral edge of atrial ridges; copulatory ducts short; bursae larger than spermathecae, subtriangular, contiguous; oblong primary spermathecae situated posteriorly, transversely oriented; secondary spermathecae tiny, fingerlike, arising at the union of copulatory duct and primary spermatheca; fertilization duct arising at first third of spermatheca length (Figs 49–51).</p> <p>Distribution. Known only from the Municipio de Gómez Farías in southern Tamaulipas, where it is sometimes sympatric with P. cima sp. nov. and P. cielo sp. nov. (Fig. 339).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5C5787B813634B3792DD3BE2E751FB65	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Platnick, Norman I.;Chamé-Vázquez, David;Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo	Platnick, Norman I., Chamé-Vázquez, David, Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo (2022): The guardstone spiders of the genus Phonotimpus Gertsch & Davis (Araneae: Phrurolithidae) from northeastern Mexico. Zootaxa 5219 (1): 1-48, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5219.1.1
5C5787B813604B3692DD383AE11FFECD.text	5C5787B813604B3692DD383AE11FFECD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phonotimpus perra Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez & Ibarra-Núñez 2022	<div><p>Phonotimpus perra sp. nov.</p> <p>Figures 52–54, 97–100</p> <p>Type material. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.256996&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.10658" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.256996/lat 23.10658)">Female</a> holotype from the Cueva Capilla de La Perra, La Perra, 8 mi NW Gómez Farías, [23.1065811°N, 99.2569952°W], Tamaulipas, Mexico (July 2, 1969; S. Peck, R. Norton), deposited in AMNH.</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.</p> <p>Diagnosis. The epigynum of this cave species resembles that of the surface species P. cumbres sp. nov. and P. farias sp. nov. but differs in having wide, semicircular, laterally directed atria and small, rounded spermathecae more widely separated (about twice their diameter) (Figs 52–54).</p> <p>Description. Male: Unknown.</p> <p>Female (holotype, in poor condition): Total length 2.39. Carapace yellow, with only vague indications of darker maculations, pars thoracica gently sloping, pars cephalica flat; sternum, mouthparts yellow, unmarked, each cheliceral paturon with two strong, erect bristles laterally near base; abdomen ovoid, dorsum light gray, with only vague indications of three tiny white chevrons posteriorly, scutum light gray, very small, triangular, occupying about one-half of abdomen width and about a quarter of its length, sides light gray, with oblique, longitudinal rows of white spots, venter white, unmarked (Figs 97–100); legs yellow, unmarked. Leg spination: femora: I d1-0-0, p0-0-2; II d1-0-0, p0-0-1; III–IV d1-0-0; tibiae: I v4-4-4; II v4-4-2; metatarsi I, II v2-2-3.</p> <p>Epigynum large, with two wide, semicircular atria separated by a narrow septum; copulatory openings at the lateral side of each atria, posterior rims arched, widely separated; first part of copulatory ducts directed laterally, then second part directed posteriorly; bursae large, subtriangular, almost contiguous; rounded spermathecae much smaller than bursae, separated about two diameters, touching posterior margin of epigynum; secondary spermatheca tiny, fingerlike, arising at union between copulatory duct and spermatheca; fertilization ducts arising at center of spermathecae (Figs 52–54).</p> <p>Distribution. Known only from a cave in the Municipio de Gómez Farías, Tamaulipas (Fig. 339).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5C5787B813604B3692DD383AE11FFECD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Platnick, Norman I.;Chamé-Vázquez, David;Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo	Platnick, Norman I., Chamé-Vázquez, David, Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo (2022): The guardstone spiders of the genus Phonotimpus Gertsch & Davis (Araneae: Phrurolithidae) from northeastern Mexico. Zootaxa 5219 (1): 1-48, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5219.1.1
5C5787B813664B3192DD3D97E5F3FA11.text	5C5787B813664B3192DD3D97E5F3FA11.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phonotimpus sanpedro Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez & Ibarra-Núñez 2022	<div><p>Phonotimpus sanpedro sp. nov.</p> <p>Figures 55–61, 101–108</p> <p>Type material. Male holotype from Los San Pedro, Tamaulipas, Mexico (Nov. 21–27, 1988; D. Pate), deposited in AMNH.</p> <p>Other material examined. MEXICO: Tamaulipas: Cuauhtémoc, Purificación area, elev. 2100–2200 m, Mar. 22, 1988, D. Pate, 1♀ (AMNH). Ejido Yerbabuena, Mar. 22–24, 1979, T. Treacy, D. Pate, 2♀ (AMNH). Los San Pedro, surface, Nov. 23–29, 1986, D. Pate, 1♀ (AMNH). 3.4 km SSE Yerbabuena, surface, Oct. 11–17, 1986, D. Pate, 1♀ (AMNH).</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.</p> <p>Diagnosis. This species is close to P. cumbres sp. nov., P. farias sp. nov. and P. perra sp. nov., but males differ by having a retrolateral tibial apophysis longer than dorsal tibial apophysis, and distal border of palpal tibia notched prolaterally (Figs 56–58); females differ by having wider, closely spaced, atria and copulatory openings, and pearshaped spermathecae (Figs 59–61).</p> <p>Description. Male (holotype): Total length 1.80. Carapace yellow, with dark lateral margins, two wide, paramedian bands of dark maculations, pars thoracica gently sloping, pars cephalica flat; sternum, mouthparts yellow, each cheliceral paturon with two erect bristles near base, median bristle longer, stronger than lateral bristle; abdomen wide, dorsum, sides gray, posterior two-thirds with five white chevrons, most anterior chevron largest, others decreasing in size toward spinnerets, scutum covering more than three-fourths of abdomen length, venter white, with pair of small, dark maculations at about three-fourths of length (Figs 101–104); anterior legs yellow, posterior legs pale yellow, all unmarked. Leg spination: femora: I p0-0-2; II p0-0-1; III, IV d1-0-0; tibiae: I v4-4-4; II v4-4-2; metatarsi I, II v3-2-2.</p> <p>Palpal femur with retrolateral excavation extending over distal half, patch of spinules on distal, prolateral half; dorsal tibial apophysis long, acuminate (Fig. 58); retrolateral apophysis much stronger, extending about half of cymbial length, acuminate and prolaterally excavated at apex (Figs 56–58); tegulum expanded proximally; prolateral half of embolar base sclerotized, the rest membranous; embolus slightly sclerotized, narrow, short, extending obliquely to distal edge of alveolus, obscured by cymbial setae and embolar basal process, which is as wide as embolar base; conductor short, widened at apex which ends in front of embolus tip (Fig. 56).</p> <p>Female (Los San Pedro): Total length 2.29. As in male, except dorsal abdominal scutum restricted to cardiac area, posteriorly rounded, where occupying less than one-third of abdomen width (Figs 105–108). Leg spination as in male except femora: I d1-0-0, p0-0-2; II d1-0-0, p0-0-1.</p> <p>Epigynum wide, with pair of dark, circular, closely spaced copulatory openings, which are on shallow atria, situated medially, just anterior to spermathecae; bursae subtriangular, larger than spermathecae, which are pearshaped, restricted to posterior quarter of epigynal length (Figs 59–61).</p> <p>Distribution. Known only from the Municipio de Güémez in central Tamaulipas, where it is sympatric with P. cuauhtemoc sp. nov. (Fig. 339).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5C5787B813664B3192DD3D97E5F3FA11	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Platnick, Norman I.;Chamé-Vázquez, David;Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo	Platnick, Norman I., Chamé-Vázquez, David, Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo (2022): The guardstone spiders of the genus Phonotimpus Gertsch & Davis (Araneae: Phrurolithidae) from northeastern Mexico. Zootaxa 5219 (1): 1-48, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5219.1.1
5C5787B813664B3092DD38EFE18DFE21.text	5C5787B813664B3092DD38EFE18DFE21.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phonotimpus taman Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez & Ibarra-Núñez 2022	<div><p>Phonotimpus taman sp. nov.</p> <p>Figures 62–64, 109–112</p> <p>Type material. Female holotype from Berlese sample of forest log litter taken in a coffee plantation at Tamán, 20 km SW Tamazunchale, (elev. 350 m), San Luis Potosí, Mexico (June 11, 1983; S., J. Peck), deposited in AMNH.</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.</p> <p>Diagnosis. The female resembles those of P. cima sp. nov., P. marialuisae and P. padillai by the origin of bursae widely separated, lateral to the copulatory openings, but P. taman sp. nov. has a distinctive median, subtriangular sclerotization, encompassing the single, deep atrium, and the first part of copulatory ducts (Figs 62–64).</p> <p>Description. Male: Unknown.</p> <p>Female (holotype): Total length 1.58. Carapace pale yellow, unmarked but possibly faded, as little pigmentation is detectable around eyes, pars thoracica steeply sloping, pars cephalica almost flat; sternum, mouthparts pale yellow, unmarked, each cheliceral paturon with two erect bristles near base, lateral bristle much weaker than median; abdomen narrow, pale white, unmarked but possibly faded, scutum small, triangular, covering less than one-third of abdominal width at front, extending only over anterior half of cardiac area, venter pale white with two faded, light brown longitudinal bands (Figs 109–112); legs yellow, without dark markings. Leg spination: femora: I p0-0-2; III, IV d1-0-0; tibiae I, II v3-4-2; metatarsi: I v4-2-1p, II v3-2-2.</p> <p>Epigynum large, one median, deep atrium with copulatory openings at posterior margin; first part of copulatory ducts slightly sclerotized, pointing diagonally, second part very short, directed posteriorly; atrium and first part of copulatory ducts form a subtriangular shape; bursae ovoid, larger than pear-shaped spermathecae that touch posterior margin of epigynum (Figs 62–64).</p> <p>Distribution. Known only from the Municipio de Tamazunchale in southeastern San Luis Potosí (Fig. 339).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5C5787B813664B3092DD38EFE18DFE21	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Platnick, Norman I.;Chamé-Vázquez, David;Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo	Platnick, Norman I., Chamé-Vázquez, David, Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo (2022): The guardstone spiders of the genus Phonotimpus Gertsch & Davis (Araneae: Phrurolithidae) from northeastern Mexico. Zootaxa 5219 (1): 1-48, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5219.1.1
5C5787B813644B3292DD3B57E778FE91.text	5C5787B813644B3292DD3B57E778FE91.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phonotimpus eutypus Gertsch & Davis 1940	<div><p>The eutypus group</p> <p>Members of this group have the anterior half of the epigynum raised, a large atrium in the posterior half, sometimes partially or wholly divided by a septum; copulatory openings usually situated at middle of the atrium; copulatory ducts tube-shaped, sclerotized, usually directed anteriorly, typically diverging from the paramedian copulatory openings; bursae located anteriorly to copulatory ducts; primary spermathecae chillishaped (elongate, distally narrow), tubular, or conical, situated lateral to copulatory ducts. Phonotimpus vacas sp. nov., described with only male specimens, is assigned to this group by sharing with other members an acuminated dorsal tibial apophysis subequal or longer than the retrolateral tibial apophysis, distal border of palpal tibia deeply notched prolaterally, and apical tegular apophysis hook-shaped (absent in P. cielo sp. nov.).</p> <p>Composition. P. eutypus, P. arcitos sp. nov., P. boneti sp. nov., P. chipinque sp. nov., P. cielo sp. nov., P. cuauhtemoc sp. nov., P. elviejo sp. nov., P. escondida sp. nov., P. frio sp. nov., P. revilla sp. nov., P. tetrico sp. nov., P. vacas sp. nov. and P. valles sp. nov.</p> <p>Distribution. San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas, and Nuevo León.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5C5787B813644B3292DD3B57E778FE91	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Platnick, Norman I.;Chamé-Vázquez, David;Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo	Platnick, Norman I., Chamé-Vázquez, David, Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo (2022): The guardstone spiders of the genus Phonotimpus Gertsch & Davis (Araneae: Phrurolithidae) from northeastern Mexico. Zootaxa 5219 (1): 1-48, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5219.1.1
5C5787B813654B2C92DD3BD6E0DCFC99.text	5C5787B813654B2C92DD3BD6E0DCFC99.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phonotimpus eutypus Gertsch & Davis 1940	<div><p>Phonotimpus eutypus Gertsch &amp; Davis, 1940</p> <p>Figures 113–117, 142–148</p> <p>Phonotimpus eutypus Gertsch &amp; Davis, 1940: 21, fig. 27 (female holotype from Linares, Nuevo León, Mexico, in AMNH; examined).</p> <p>Material examined. MEXICO: Nuevo León: Cañón de las Anahuas, Linares, July 18–19, 1942, F. Bonet, D. Peláez, 2♂, 7♀ (AMNH). Linares, Apr.14, 1942, F. Bonet, 1♀ (AMNH); 6 mi N Linares, July 3, 1936, L. Davis, 1♀ (holotype, AMNH).</p> <p>Diagnosis. Males differ from other species in this group by having the dorsal and retrolateral tibial apophyses subequal in length, the dorsal apophysis sinuous, distally attenuate (Figs 144–145). Females have the copulatory ducts about as long as the chili-shaped primary spermathecae, which are slightly shorter than the bursae (Figs 146–148). Carapace with a large dusky mark just anterior to fovea (Figs 113, 115).</p> <p>Description. Male (Cañón de las Anahuas): Total length 1.45. Carapace pale brown, with dusky markings everywhere except medially on pars cephalica, with a large dusky mark just anterior to fovea, pars thoracica steeply sloping, pars cephalica gently rounded; sternum, mouthparts yellow, with dusky markings, endites rounded, anteromedially pale, each cheliceral paturon with one erect bristle near base; abdomen narrow, dorsum dark gray, anteriorly with scattered white spots, posteriorly with threadlike white chevrons followed posteriorly by wide white spot immediately above spinnerets, weak, shiny scutum covering most of dorsum, sides light gray with longitudinal rows of white spots, venter yellow, without markings (Figs 113–114); legs yellow, femora, tibiae, metatarsi each with proximal, distal dark rings, patellae with distal dark ring. Leg spination: femora: I d1-0-0, p0-0-2; II–IV d1-0-0; tibiae: I v4-4-4; II v4-2-2; metatarsi I, II v4-2-0.</p> <p>Palpal femur club-shaped, with one distal, dorsal spine, retrolateral excavation shallow but extending over half of femur length, patch of spinules on distal, prolateral half; dorsal tibial apophysis sinuous, distally attenuate, tip curving toward cymbium; retrolateral apophysis thickened at base, arched, extending about as far anteriorly as does dorsal apophysis (Figs 144–145); distal border of palpal tibia deeply notched prolaterally (Figs 142– 143); very shallow groove on middle of cymbium, corresponding with dorsal tibial apophysis; tegulum bulbous, projecting ventrally; base of embolus wide, occupying about two-fifths of bulb width, one-third sclerotized, the rest membranous; embolus short, tubular, weak, situated in the margin of alveolus, largely obscured by cymbial setae; embolar basal process sinuate, tapered distally; conductor slender, tip rhomboid; apical tegular apophysis hookshaped pointing retrolaterally (Figs 142–145).</p> <p>Female (Cañón de las Anahuas): Total length 1.54. As in male except each cheliceral paturon with two erect bristles, dorsal abdominal scutum triangular, occupying most of front margin but extending only about half of abdominal length, covering only about one-third of abdominal width posteriorly (Figs 115–117). Leg spination as in male except tibia II v4-4-1p; metatarsi I, II v4-2- 1p.</p> <p>Epigynum wide, paramedian copulatory openings less than one diameter apart; copulatory ducts long, tubular, sclerotized, about same length as primary spermathecae; bursae large, wider than long, almost contiguous medially; primary spermathecae chilli-shaped, slightly shorter than bursae, situated lateral to copulatory ducts (Figs 146– 148).</p> <p>Distribution. Known only from the Municipio de Linares in central Nuevo León (Fig. 339).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5C5787B813654B2C92DD3BD6E0DCFC99	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Platnick, Norman I.;Chamé-Vázquez, David;Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo	Platnick, Norman I., Chamé-Vázquez, David, Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo (2022): The guardstone spiders of the genus Phonotimpus Gertsch & Davis (Araneae: Phrurolithidae) from northeastern Mexico. Zootaxa 5219 (1): 1-48, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5219.1.1
5C5787B8137B4B2F92DD3E61E05BFCB5.text	5C5787B8137B4B2F92DD3E61E05BFCB5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phonotimpus arcitos Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez & Ibarra-Núñez 2022	<div><p>Phonotimpus arcitos sp. nov.</p> <p>Figures 118–125, 149–155, 339</p> <p>Type material. Male holotype, female allotype, and two female paratypes from the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.431755&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.912163" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.431755/lat 23.912163)">Cueva de Los Arcitos</a>, Yerbabuena, 23.9121624°N, 99.4317541°W, Tamaulipas, Mexico (Nov. 19, 1979; J. Reddell, D. McKenzie), deposited in AMNH.</p> <p>Other material examined. MEXICO: Nuevo León: Sótano de Puerto los Valasos [23.8851655°N, 99.4656125°W], <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.465614&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.885166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.465614/lat 23.885166)">Cuauhtémoc</a>, 2.5 km NW Rancho Nuevo, Jan. 2, 1987, P. Sprouse, 1♀ (AMNH). Tamaulipas: Cueva de la Onza, [23.9650267°N, 99.4750398°W], 500 m N <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.47504&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.965027" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.47504/lat 23.965027)">Conrado Castillo</a>, Mar. 21, 1982, G. Atkinson, 1♀ (AMNH). Cueva de Punto las <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.469025&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.941639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.469025/lat 23.941639)">Calaveras</a> [23.941638°N, 99.4690283°W], 1 km ENE Revilla, Feb. 1993, P. Sprouse, 1♂, 1♀ (AMNH). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.47436&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.960377" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.47436/lat 23.960377)">Cueva del Brinco</a> [23.960377°N, 99.4743544°W], historical section, Sept. 22, 1982, P. Sprouse, 1♀ (AMNH). Cueva del Tecolote [23.8619845°N, 99.3781012°W], <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.3781&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.861984" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.3781/lat 23.861984)">Los San Pedro</a>, Apr. 26, 1980, D. Honea et al., 1♀ (AMNH). Cueva Tecolote [23.9595018°N, 99.4748048°W], <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.47481&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.959501" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.47481/lat 23.959501)">Conrado Castillo</a>, 38 mi SW El Barretal, Aug. 24, 1973, R. Jameson, D. McKenzie, F. Pérez, 1♀ (AMNH) [N.B.: Nuevo León per label, but “ El Barretal Nuevo Leon ” is in the Municipio de Güémez, Tamaulipas]. “Entrada del Viento Baja” [apparently an entrance to the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.47635&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.957306" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.47635/lat 23.957306)">Cueva del Brinco</a>, 23.9573068°N, 99.4763473°W], Mar. 17, 1979, G. Atkinson, 1♀ (AMNH). Sótano de las <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.42021&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.905449" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.42021/lat 23.905449)">Calenturas</a> [23.9054488°N, 99.4202091°W], Nov. 19, 1979, D. Pate et al., 1♀ (AMNH). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.35395&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.848087" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.35395/lat 23.848087)">Sótano de Trejo</a> [23.8480868°N, 99.3539523°W], elev. 1620 m, entrance chamber, 3 km SE Los San Pedro, Nov. 24, 1987, D. Pate, 1♀ (AMNH), Nov. 25, 1987 D. Pate, 1♀ (AMNH).</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.</p> <p>Diagnosis. This species is apparently confined to caves. Males resemble those of P. chipinque sp. nov. and P. tetrico sp. nov. in having the retrolateral tibial apophysis shorter than the dorsal apophysis, with a truncated apex, but the retrolateral apophysis has a small, basal, spinelike projection (Fig. 151); females can be recognized by the deep atrium, wide U-shape formed by copulatory ducts, bursae having a posterior rounded extension and tubular spermathecae about the same length as copulatory ducts (Figs 153–155).</p> <p>Description. Male (holotype): Total length 1.81. Carapace yellow, with only vague traces of submarginal bands of maculations, pars thoracica steeply sloping, pars cephalica rounded; sternum, mouthparts yellow, unmarked, each cheliceral paturon with one strong, erect bristle near base; abdomen narrow, dorsum light gray, with faint traces of four threadlike white chevrons plus large white mark immediately above spinnerets, scutum oval, covering about three-fourths of abdomen length, posteriorly covering about half of abdomen width, sides light gray, posteriorly with longitudinal rows of white spots, venter white, unmarked (Figs 118–121); legs yellow, unmarked. Leg spination: femora: I d1-0-0, p0-0-2; II–IV d1-0-0; tibiae: I v4-4-4; II v4-4-2; metatarsi I, II v2-2-3.</p> <p>Palpal femur subdistally incrassate, with retrolateral excavation extending over distal half of femur length, patch of spinules on distal, prolateral half; dorsal tibial apophysis long, straight, distally attenuate (Figs 151–152); retrolateral apophysis much shorter, with small, pointed, ventrally directed projection near base, tip truncated, notched, prolaterally excavated (Figs 150–151); distal border of palpal tibia deeply notched prolaterally (Figs 149– 150); tegulum greatly expanded proximally, retrolaterally; embolar base membranous; embolus short, tubular, weak, extending along the distal edge of alveolus, obscured by cymbial setae; embolar basal process arched, thumb-shaped distally, covering embolus; conductor long, tip wide; apical tegular apophysis strong, hook-shaped, projecting behind conductor (Figs 149–152).</p> <p>Female (allotype): Total length 2.20. As in male, except each cheliceral paturon with two strong, erect bristles near base, dorsal scutum covering only anterior one-third of abdomen length (Figs 122–125). Leg spination as in male.</p> <p>Epigynum very large, with deep, undivided, posterior atrium occupying two thirds of epigynum width, its anterior border straight; copulatory openings diagonally inverted U-shape about one diameter apart, occluded with dark secretions, situated at middle of atrium; copulatory ducts forming a wide U-shape, long, sclerotized, extending anteriorly to epigynal atrium, about as long as primary spermathecae; bursae large, longer than wide, with a posterior, rounded extension; tubular primary spermathecae almost reaching posterior epigynal margin, situated laterally and about as long as copulatory ducts (Figs 153–155).</p> <p>Distribution. Known only from caves of the Purificación area, in at least the Municipios de Ciudad Victoria, Güémez, and Hidalgo of central Tamaulipas and the Municipio de General Zaragoza in adjacent Nuevo León. There are two caves in which this species and P. tetrico have both been collected (Fig. 339).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5C5787B8137B4B2F92DD3E61E05BFCB5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Platnick, Norman I.;Chamé-Vázquez, David;Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo	Platnick, Norman I., Chamé-Vázquez, David, Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo (2022): The guardstone spiders of the genus Phonotimpus Gertsch & Davis (Araneae: Phrurolithidae) from northeastern Mexico. Zootaxa 5219 (1): 1-48, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5219.1.1
5C5787B813784B2E92DD3E8AE637FDB1.text	5C5787B813784B2E92DD3E8AE637FDB1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phonotimpus boneti Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez & Ibarra-Núñez 2022	<div><p>Phonotimpus boneti sp. nov.</p> <p>Figures 126–133, 156–162</p> <p>Type material. Female holotype from Chipinque, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico (Sept. 25, 1943; F. Bonet), deposited in AMNH.</p> <p>Other material examined. MEXICO: Nuevo León: Chipinque Mesa, Monterrey, elev. 1646 m, June 21–25, 1969, human dung trap, forest, S., J. Peck, 1♂ (AMNH).</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name is a patronym in honor of the collector of the holotype and many other significant specimens of the genus.</p> <p>Diagnosis. The female resembles P. valles sp. nov. by having copulatory openings on the anterior border of the atrium, copulatory ducts laterally directed, and tubular primary spermathecae, but the atrium has a shallow, median septum, and a distinctive anterior, transverse epigynal hood, with posterior rim sclerotized (Figs 160–162). The only available male is in poor condition but can be readily separated by having the retrolateral tibial apophysis longer and much larger than the dorsal apophysis, tip hooked (Figs 157–159), and apical tegular apophysis pointing to distalmargin (Fig. 157). The male was not collected with the female, but both were collected in the same locality.</p> <p>Description. Male (Chipinque): Total length 1.68. Specimen darkened, poorly preserved, original coloration uncertain, pars cephalica sloping evenly from elevated pars thoracica to clypeus, each cheliceral paturon with one erect bristle near base; abdomen narrow, coloration uniformly faded, dorsal scutum shiny, rectangular, occupying about two thirds of abdominal length, half width (Figs 126–129). Legs darkened from poor preservation, markings indeterminate. Leg spination: femora: I d1-0-0, p0-0-2; II–IV d1-0-0; tibiae: I v4-4-4; II v4-2-2; metatarsi I, II v2-2-2.</p> <p>Palpal femur club-shaped, with one dorso-distal spine, retrolateral excavation shallow but extending over twothirds of femur length, patch of spinules on distal, prolateral half; dorsal tibial apophysis distally attenuate, shorter and thinner than retrolateral tibial apophysis, which is long, massive, base occupying full length of tibia at that point, inner margin sinuous, with subdistal expansion, tip strongly hooked (Figs 157–159); distal border of palpal tibia deeply notched prolaterally (Figs 156–157); very shallow groove on middle of cymbium, corresponding with dorsal tibial apophysis (Fig. 159); tegulum expanded proximally; base of embolus slender, membranous, occupying about one-fifth of bulb width; embolus short, tubular, weak, distally directed; embolar basal process slender; conductor narrow, tip slightly widened; apical tegular apophysis rod-shaped, tip blunt, pointing to distal-retrolateral margin (Fig. 157).</p> <p>Female (holotype): Total length 1.80. Carapace yellow, with undarkened lateral margins, dusky markings restricted to U-shaped wide band situated about halfway between lateral margins and unmarked median area, pars thoracica steeply sloping, pars cephalica as in male; sternum, mouthparts yellow, unmarked, each cheliceral paturon slightly darkened, with two erect bristles near base; abdomen narrow, dorsum light gray, with indistinct cardiac markings, posteriorly with five white chevrons, most anterior and most posterior ones largest, extending fully to sides, weak, shiny scutum triangular, covering only cardiac area, sides, venter pale yellow, unmarked except for dark circle around spinnerets (Figs 130–133); legs yellow, all femora, patellae, tibiae, metatarsi each with distal dark markings. Leg spination as in male except tibia I v4-4-4; II v4-2-2-1p; metatarsi I, II v2-2-2- 1p.</p> <p>Epigynum large, transverse hood with sclerotized posterior rim, overhanging a deep, rounded atrium, with low, longitudinal septum; small copulatory openings situated on each side of septum; copulatory ducts short, sclerotized, laterally oriented; bursae globose, almost contiguous distally; primary spermathecae tube-shaped, thickened distally, about as long as bursae, posteriorly directed, extending almost to posterior epigynal margin; secondary spermathecae tiny, hook-shaped (Figs 160–162).</p> <p>Distribution. Known only from the Municipio de Monterrey in northern Nuevo León, where it is sympatric with P. chipinque sp. nov. (Fig. 339).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5C5787B813784B2E92DD3E8AE637FDB1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Platnick, Norman I.;Chamé-Vázquez, David;Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo	Platnick, Norman I., Chamé-Vázquez, David, Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo (2022): The guardstone spiders of the genus Phonotimpus Gertsch & Davis (Araneae: Phrurolithidae) from northeastern Mexico. Zootaxa 5219 (1): 1-48, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5219.1.1
5C5787B813794B2A92DD3F8EE61EFF59.text	5C5787B813794B2A92DD3F8EE61EFF59.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phonotimpus chipinque Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez & Ibarra-Núñez 2022	<div><p>Phonotimpus chipinque sp. nov.</p> <p>Figures 134–141, 163–169</p> <p>Type material. Male holotype and female allotype taken in a baited pitfall trap set in a forest at the Chipinque Mesa, elev. 1646 m, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico (June 21–25, 1969; S., J. Peck), deposited in AMNH.</p> <p>Other material examined. MEXICO: Nuevo León: Chipinque, Monterrey, July 15, 1942, C. Bolivar, F. Bonet, B. Osorio, D. Peláez, 4♀ (AMNH), Dec. 2, 1943, F. Bonet, 1♀ (AMNH). Chipinque Mesa, elev. 1646 m, Monterrey, June 21–25, 1969, human dung trap, forest, S., J. Peck, 2♂ (AMNH).</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Males resemble those of P. arcitos sp. nov. and P. tetrico sp. nov. but the apex of the retrolateral tibial apophysis is partially truncated and has a small, pointed tip (Figs 164–165). Females have an epigynum resembling that of P. eutypus, but have tubular primary spermathecae slightly wider posteriorly, reaching almost the posterior epigynal margin, longer than copulatory ducts (Figs 167–169). The carapace has a dusky U-shaped mark (Figs 134, 138).</p> <p>Description. Male (holotype): Total length 2.05. Carapace yellow, with dark lateral margins, dusky markings restricted to U-shaped wide band situated about halfway between lateral margins and unmarked median area, pars thoracica steeply sloping, pars cephalica almost flat; sternum, mouthparts yellow, unmarked, each cheliceral paturon slightly darkened, with one erect bristle near base; abdomen narrow, dorsum dark gray, with broad white marking over cardiac area, connected posteriorly with first of five white chevrons, anterior two chevrons much larger than others, anteriorly with scattered white spots, weak, shiny scutum covering about three-fourths of abdominal length, most of width, sides, venter pale yellow, unmarked (Figs 134–137); legs yellow, leg III with distal dark markings on patella, tibia, metatarsus, leg IV with distal dark marking on tibia. Leg spination: femora: I d1-0-0, p0-0-2; II–IV d1-0-0; tibiae: I v4-4-4; II v4-4-2; metatarsi I, II v3-2-2.</p> <p>Palpal femur club-shaped, with one dorso-distal spine, retrolateral excavation deep, extending over distal half of femur length, patch of spinules on distal, prolateral half; dorsal tibial apophysis long, straight, narrow, extending to about one-third of cymbial length (Fig. 166); retrolateral apophysis much wider, much shorter, arched toward venter, apex truncated with small pointed tip (Figs 164–165); distal border of palpal tibia deeply notched prolaterally (Figs 163–164); tegulum bulbous, projecting ventrally; embolar base membranous, occupying about one-fifth of bulb width; embolus short, narrow, weak, situated in the margin of alveolus, obscured by cymbial setae; embolar basal process distally touching embolus; conductor relatively long, narrow, tip widened; apical tegular apophysis slender, hook shaped, tip blunt, pointing retrolaterally (Figs 163–165).</p> <p>Female (allotype): Total length 2.86.As in male, except each cheliceral paturon with two erect bristles, abdominal dorsum anteriorly with only weak, narrow cardiac white marking, abdominal scutum triangular, occupying most of front margin but extending only about one-fourth of abdominal length, covering less than one-third of abdominal width posteriorly (Figs 138–141); femur, tibia, metatarsus III each with proximal, distal dark markings, femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus IV each with distal dark markings. Leg spination as in male.</p> <p>Epigynum wide, copulatory openings about one diameter apart, located about at middle length of shallow atrium; copulatory ducts tubular, sclerotized, shorter than primary spermathecae; bursae large, semicircular, longer than wide, almost contiguous posteriorly; primary spermathecae tubular, slightly wider posteriorly, almost reaching posterior epigynal margin, about the same length as bursae and lateral to copulatory ducts (Figs 167–169).</p> <p>Distribution. Known only from the Municipio de Monterrey in northern Nuevo León, where it is sympatric with P. boneti sp. nov. (Fig. 339).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5C5787B813794B2A92DD3F8EE61EFF59	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Platnick, Norman I.;Chamé-Vázquez, David;Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo	Platnick, Norman I., Chamé-Vázquez, David, Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo (2022): The guardstone spiders of the genus Phonotimpus Gertsch & Davis (Araneae: Phrurolithidae) from northeastern Mexico. Zootaxa 5219 (1): 1-48, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5219.1.1
5C5787B8137D4B2592DD3C26E012FEE9.text	5C5787B8137D4B2592DD3C26E012FEE9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phonotimpus cielo Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez & Ibarra-Núñez 2022	<div><p>Phonotimpus cielo sp. nov.</p> <p>Figures 170–176, 206–213</p> <p>Type material. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.18941&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.03787" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.18941/lat 23.03787)">Male</a> holotype and female allotype from a Winkler sample of sifted cloud forest leaf litter taken at El Cielo, 2.5 km SSE Alta Cima, 23.03787°N, 99.18941°W, elev. 870 m, Tamaulipas, Mexico (Aug. 24, 2009; M. Branstetter), deposited in MCZ (95633).</p> <p>Other material examined. MEXICO: Tamaulipas: El Cielo, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.20433&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.06518" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.20433/lat 23.06518)">Alta Cima</a>, 23.06518°N, 99.20433°W, elev. 980 m, Aug. 21, 2009, Winkler trap, sifted leaf litter, riparian wet forest, M. Branstetter, 3♂, 1♀ (MCZ 93908), L. Sáenz, 3♀ (MCZ 95638). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.21564&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.0611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.21564/lat 23.0611)">El Cielo</a>, 1.8 km W Alta Cima, 23.06110°N, 99.21564°W, elev. 1340 m, Aug. 23, 2009, Winkler trap, sifted leaf litter, mesophyll forest, M. Branstetter, 1♀ (MCZ 93767). El Cielo, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.28511&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.00835" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.28511/lat 23.00835)">Joya de Manantiales</a>, 23.00835°N, 99.28511°W, elev. 1430 m, Aug. 22, 2009, Winkler trap, sifted leaf litter, mesophyll forest, M. Branstetter, 1♂ (MCZ 95332). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.2883&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.0233" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.2883/lat 23.0233)">El Cielo</a>, 1.3 km NW Joya de Manantiales, 23.0233°N, 99.28830°W, elev. 1620 m, Aug. 22, 2009, sifted leaf litter, mesophyll forest, M. Branstetter, 5♂ (MCZ 95549). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.25206&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.05717" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.25206/lat 23.05717)">El Cielo</a>, 1.2 km N La Gloria, 23.05717°N, 99.25206°W, elev. 1780 m, Aug. 23, 2009, Winkler trap, sifted leaf litter, mesophyll forest, M. Branstetter, 2♂ (MCZ 94169). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.26343&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.05871" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.26343/lat 23.05871)">El Cielo</a>, 1.8 km NW La Gloria, 23.05871°N, 99.26343°W, elev. 2030 m, Aug. 23, 2009, Winkler trap, sifted leaf litter, mesophyll forest, M. Branstetter, 2♂ (MCZ 94279). Near Gómez Farías, elev. 1000 m, Aug. 7, 1983, cloud forest litter, S., J. Peck, 1♀ (AMNH). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.21315&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.14122" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.21315/lat 23.14122)">Julilo</a>, 23.14122°N, 99.21315°W, elev. 1450 m, July 19, 2006, liquidambar/oak forest litter, R. Anderson, L. Benavides, 1♂, 2♀ (ex MCZ 140486). Rancho del Cielo, 5 mi NW Gómez Farías, July 1–4, 1969, human dung trap, S., J. Peck, 1♂ (AMNH).</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Males of this distinctive species can easily be recognized by the massive, rectangular retrolateral tibial apophysis, which bears a subtriangular ventral projection just below its tip, dorsal apophysis sinuous and wide embolar base (Figs 171–173); females have an epigynum with a pair of wide, deep, circular atria, copulatory openings located on the anteromedian edge of atria, short copulatory ducts, bursae longer than the chili-shaped primary spermathecae, which touch the posterior epigynal margin, secondary spermathecae small, thin, one-coiled (Figs 174–176).</p> <p>Description. Male (holotype): Total length 1.86. Carapace yellow, with dark lateral margins, submarginal unmarked areas extending completely around carapace except for ocular area, followed medially by two longitudinal bands of dark maculations, central portion unmarked, pars thoracica steeply sloping, pars cephalica gently sloping to ocular area; sternum, mouthparts yellow, each cheliceral paturon proximally darkened, with one strong, erect bristle near base; abdomen narrow, dorsum, sides dark gray, dorsum with four threadlike white chevrons on posterior half, scutum covering almost entire dorsum, sides with longitudinal rows of white spots, venter white, with U-shaped band of light gray maculations (Figs 206–209); legs yellow, femora II–IV with proximal, distal dark rings, patellae III, IV, tibiae II–IV with distal dark rings. Leg spination: femora: I p0-0-2; II–IV d1-0-0; tibiae: I v4-4-4; II v4-4-2; metatarsi I, II v2-2-3.</p> <p>Palpal femur with shallow retrolateral excavation extending over distal two-thirds of femur length, patch of spinules on distal, prolateral half; dorsal tibial apophysis long, acuminate, extending to about one-third of cymbial length, sinuate (Figs 172–173); retrolateral apophysis shorter but massive, rectangular in retrolateral view, with subtriangular, blunt, ventral projection near tip (Fig. 172); distal border of palpal tibia deeply notched prolaterally (Figs 170–171); tegulum greatly expanded proximally, retrolaterally; embolar base wide, about two-fifths of bulb width; embolus tubular, long, narrow, extending obliquely beyond alveolus; embolar basal process very narrow; conductor slender basally, widened distally; apical tegular apophysis absent (Figs 170–172).</p> <p>Female (allotype): Total length 2.42. As in male, except each cheliceral paturon with two strong, erect bristles near base, abdomen wider, dorsum with additional, most posterior white chevron much larger than others, scutum strong, covering most of anterior half of dorsum (Figs 210–213); all patellae distally dusky, metatarsi II–IV with proximal, distal dark rings. Leg spination as in male.</p> <p>Epigynum large, posterior half with two wide, circular atria (often occluded with dark secretions), moderately deep, with small atrial hoods, separated by a subtriangular septum; copulatory openings small, situated at anteromedian atrial edges; copulatory ducts short; bursae elongated, about twice as long as wide, subtriangular, almost contiguous posteriorly; chili-shaped primary spermathecae situated laterally, curving around atria, touching posterior epigynal margin, shorter than bursae; secondary spermathecae small, thin, one-coiled (Figs 174–176).</p> <p>Distribution. Known only from the Municipio de Gómez Farías in southern Tamaulipas, where it is sometimes sympatric with P. cima sp. nov., P. farias sp. nov. and P. frio sp. nov. (Fig. 339).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5C5787B8137D4B2592DD3C26E012FEE9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Platnick, Norman I.;Chamé-Vázquez, David;Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo	Platnick, Norman I., Chamé-Vázquez, David, Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo (2022): The guardstone spiders of the genus Phonotimpus Gertsch & Davis (Araneae: Phrurolithidae) from northeastern Mexico. Zootaxa 5219 (1): 1-48, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5219.1.1
5C5787B813724B2492DD3BA1E0DEFCD1.text	5C5787B813724B2492DD3BA1E0DEFCD1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phonotimpus cuauhtemoc Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez & Ibarra-Núñez 2022	<div><p>Phonotimpus cuauhtemoc sp. nov.</p> <p>Figures 177–179, 214–217</p> <p>Type material. Female holotype taken at Cuauhtémoc, Purificación area, elev. 2100–2200 m, Tamaulipas, Mexico (Mar. 22, 1988; D. Pate), deposited in AMNH.</p> <p>Other material examined. One female taken with the holotype (AMNH).</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Females can be recognized by having a deep atrium, anteriorly divided, atrial hood wide, produced only slightly at midline; copulatory ducts shorter than tube-shaped primary spermathecae, which are anterior to atria and lateral to semicircular, almost contiguous bursae; long fertilization ducts posteriorly directed, about the same length as primary spermathecae, almost touching posterior epigynal margin (Figs 177–179).</p> <p>Description. Male: Unknown.</p> <p>Female (holotype): Total length 2.13. Carapace brown, with darkened lateral margins, dusky markings covering most of surface except for posterior portion of pars cephalica, pars thoracica steeply sloping, pars cephalica sloping evenly from thoracic groove to clypeus; sternum, mouthparts light brown, unmarked, except cheliceral paturons with proximal two-thirds of anterior surface darkened, each cheliceral paturon with two erect bristles near base; abdomen with dorsum, sides dark gray, with oblique rows of small white spots plus large, wide, hexagonal white spot immediately above spinnerets, scutum light brown, shiny, triangular, restricted to cardiac area, venter light gray, unmarked (Figs 214–217); legs light brown, femora with lateral dark markings, posterior patellae, tibiae with weak distal dark rings. Leg spination: femora: I d1-0-0, p0-0-2; II–IV d1-0-0; tibiae: I v4-4-4; II v4-4-2; metatarsi I, II v2-2-3.</p> <p>Epigynum large, with a deep atrium anteriorly divided, atrial hood wide, produced posteriorly only slightly at midline; copulatory openings beneath anterolateral sides of hood, widely separated; copulatory ducts shorter than spermathecae; bursae large, semicircular, almost contiguous, occupying most of epigynum anterior half; primary spermathecae narrow, tube-shaped, about as long as bursae, located anterior to atrium, lateral to bursae; long, slender fertilization ducts, posteriorly directed, about as long as primary spermathecae, almost reaching posterior epigynal margin (Figs 177–179).</p> <p>Distribution. Known only from the Municipio de Güémez in central Tamaulipas (Fig. 339).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5C5787B813724B2492DD3BA1E0DEFCD1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Platnick, Norman I.;Chamé-Vázquez, David;Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo	Platnick, Norman I., Chamé-Vázquez, David, Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo (2022): The guardstone spiders of the genus Phonotimpus Gertsch & Davis (Araneae: Phrurolithidae) from northeastern Mexico. Zootaxa 5219 (1): 1-48, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5219.1.1
5C5787B813734B2492DD3EAEE541F851.text	5C5787B813734B2492DD3EAEE541F851.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phonotimpus elviejo Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez & Ibarra-Núñez 2022	<div><p>Phonotimpus elviejo sp. nov.</p> <p>Figures 180–182, 218–221</p> <p>Type material. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.69832&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.97577" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.69832/lat 23.97577)">Female</a> holotype from the Cueva de El Viejo [23.9757700°N, 99.6983200°W], 1 km SW La Escondida, 7.5 km E Zaragoza, Nuevo León, Mexico (July 19, 1984; T. Sprouse), deposited in AMNH. According to Sprouse (1991), this cave is situated at an elevation of 2550 m, extends for a length of 162 m, and reaches a depth of 64 m; the list of arthropods collected on the 1984 expedition, during which the cave was mapped, does not mention this specimen.</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Female can be recognized by having an epigynum with a pair of large, almost contiguous, circular atria, close to posterior epigynal margin, copulatory openings on the posteromedian edge of atria, copulatory ducts slightly shorter than chili-shaped primary spermathecae, which touch the posterior epigynal margin; bursae large, almost contiguous posteriorly, about as long as primary spermathecae (Figs 180–182).</p> <p>Description. Male: Unknown.</p> <p>Female (holotype): Total length 2.79. Carapace brown, with undarkened lateral margins, dusky markings only vaguely detectable as U-shaped wide band situated about halfway between lateral margins and unmarked median area, pars thoracica steeply sloping, pars cephalica flat; sternum, mouthparts light brown, unmarked, each cheliceral paturon with two erect bristles near base; abdomen with dorsum dark gray, posterior half with four white chevrons, most anterior much larger than others, plus wide, recurved white spot immediately above spinnerets, scutum light brown, shiny, occupying most of abdominal width anteriorly, almost as much posteriorly, extending over entire cardiac area, sides gray, with longitudinal rows of tiny white spots, venter light gray, with two longitudinal, sinuous, faded purple bands (Figs 218–221); legs light brown, without dark markings. Leg spination: femora: I d1-0-0, p0- 0-2; II d1-0-0; tibiae: I v4-4-4; II v4-4-2; metatarsi I, II v3-2-2.</p> <p>Epigynum large, with posterior pair of large, almost contiguous, circular atria, separated by a longitudinal median septum, close to posterior epigynal margin; copulatory openings located at posteromedian edge of atria; copulatory ducts slightly shorter than primary spermathecae; bursae anterior, large, about one and a half as long as wide, almost contiguous posteriorly; chili-shaped primary spermathecae lateral to copulatory ducts, touching posterior edge of epigynum, about as long as bursae (Figs 180–182).</p> <p>Distribution. Known only from the Cueva de El Viejo in the Municipio de General Zaragoza in central Nuevo León (Fig. 339).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5C5787B813734B2492DD3EAEE541F851	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Platnick, Norman I.;Chamé-Vázquez, David;Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo	Platnick, Norman I., Chamé-Vázquez, David, Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo (2022): The guardstone spiders of the genus Phonotimpus Gertsch & Davis (Araneae: Phrurolithidae) from northeastern Mexico. Zootaxa 5219 (1): 1-48, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5219.1.1
5C5787B813704B2692DD3D97E5AFFC99.text	5C5787B813704B2692DD3D97E5AFFC99.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phonotimpus escondida Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez & Ibarra-Núñez 2022	<div><p>Phonotimpus escondida sp. nov.</p> <p>Figures 183–185, 222–225</p> <p>Type material. Female holotype from the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.7009&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.988213" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.7009/lat 23.988213)">Cueva del Soyate Viejo</a> [23.9882118°N, 99.7008982°W], elev. 2700 m, 1 km NW La Escondida, Nuevo León, Mexico (Oct. 11, 1987; P. Sprouse), deposited in AMNH. According to Sprouse (1991), who first reported on this specimen (as Phonotimpus sp., presumably identified by W. Gertsch), this is a limestone cave situated at the base of Cerro el Viejo, in the highest parts of the Purificación Karst Area, within the Municipio de General Zaragoza of Nuevo León, and consisting of a single chamber measuring 10x 25 m.</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Females can be recognized by having an epigynum with a pair of large, contiguous, oval atria, separated by a septum, an epigynal hood produced posteriorly at midline, copulatory openings on the anteromedian edges of atria, copulatory ducts shorter than the kidney-shaped bursae, which are contiguous anteriorly; chili-shaped primary spermathecae longer than bursae and posterolateral to copulatory ducts (Figs 183–185).</p> <p>Description. Male: Unknown.</p> <p>Female (holotype): Total length 2.22. Carapace yellow, with undarkened lateral margins, dusky markings only vaguely detectable as U-shaped wide band situated about halfway between lateral margins and unmarked median area, pars thoracica steeply sloping, pars cephalica flat; sternum, mouthparts yellow, unmarked, each cheliceral paturon with two erect bristles near base; abdomen dorsum, sides light orange, without distinct dark markings, limits of dorsal scutum indistinct but apparently covering most of abdominal width anteriorly, extending over entire cardiac area, venter white without markings (Figs 222–225); legs yellow, without dark markings. Leg spination: femora: I d1-0-0, p0-0-2; II–IV d1-0-0; tibiae: I v4-4-4; II v4-4-2; metatarsi I, II v3-2-2.</p> <p>Epigynum wide, with a pair of large, contiguous, oval atria separated by a septum which is wider posteriorly, with sinuous anterior hood produced posteriorly at midline; copulatory openings closely spaced, situated near anteromedian of atrial edges; copulatory ducts shorter than spermathecae, divergent; bursae anterior, large, kidneyshaped, contiguous anteriorly; chili-shaped primary spermathecae posterolateral to copulatory ducts, longer than bursae, posterior portion of primary spermathecae paralleling posterior epigynal margin, secondary spermathecae very small, fingerlike (Figs 183–185).</p> <p>Distribution. Known only from the Cueva del Soyate Viejo in the Municipio de General Zaragoza in central Nuevo León (Fig. 339).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5C5787B813704B2692DD3D97E5AFFC99	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Platnick, Norman I.;Chamé-Vázquez, David;Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo	Platnick, Norman I., Chamé-Vázquez, David, Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo (2022): The guardstone spiders of the genus Phonotimpus Gertsch & Davis (Araneae: Phrurolithidae) from northeastern Mexico. Zootaxa 5219 (1): 1-48, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5219.1.1
5C5787B813714B2692DD3E66E11FF915.text	5C5787B813714B2692DD3E66E11FF915.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phonotimpus frio Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez & Ibarra-Núñez 2022	<div><p>Phonotimpus frio sp. nov.</p> <p>Figures 186–188, 226–229</p> <p>Type material. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.15088&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.990475" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.15088/lat 22.990475)">Female</a> holotype from the Cueva del Nacimiento del Río Frío [22.9904748°N, 99.1508810°W], 7 km S Gómez Farías, Tamaulipas, Mexico (Feb. 18, 1973; D. McConnell), deposited in AMNH.</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Females can easily be recognized in having a tongue-shaped median septum, shallow atria, posterior epigynal margin notched at midline, bursae longer than primary spermathecae, which are elongated, expanded at mid length, distant from the posterior epigynal margin (Figs 186–188).</p> <p>Description. Male: Unknown.</p> <p>Female (holotype): Total length 1.94. Carapace yellow, with dark lateral margins, two paramedian bands of dark, radiating maculations, pars thoracica gently sloping, pars cephalica flat; sternum, mouthparts yellow, unmarked, each cheliceral paturon apparently with only one strong, erect bristle laterally near base; abdomen widened posteriorly, dorsum, sides light gray, anteriorly with numerous oblique rows of tiny white spots, posteriorly with two thin white chevrons followed posteriorly by larger white chevron above spinnerets, scutum tongue-shaped, restricted to cardiac area, venter white, unmarked (Figs 226–229); legs yellow, unmarked. Leg spination: femora: I p0-0-2; II p0-0-1; tibiae: I v4-4-4; II v4-4-2; metatarsi I, II v2-2-3.</p> <p>Epigynum large, posterior margin with a median notch, posterior half of epigynum with a shallow atrium divided by a tongue-shaped median septum, narrowed anteriorly between copulatory openings, which are small, closely spaced, situated on the anteromedian atrial margin; copulatory ducts short, slender; bursae subtriangular, about twice as long as wide, longer than primary spermathecae, which are elongated, expanded at mid length, situated posterolateral to copulatory ducts, shorter than bursae, distant from the posterior epigynal margin (Figs 186–188).</p> <p>Distribution. Known only from a cave in the Municipio de Gómez Farías, Tamaulipas (Fig. 339).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5C5787B813714B2692DD3E66E11FF915	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Platnick, Norman I.;Chamé-Vázquez, David;Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo	Platnick, Norman I., Chamé-Vázquez, David, Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo (2022): The guardstone spiders of the genus Phonotimpus Gertsch & Davis (Araneae: Phrurolithidae) from northeastern Mexico. Zootaxa 5219 (1): 1-48, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5219.1.1
5C5787B813714B2192DD3BEAE690FC45.text	5C5787B813714B2192DD3BEAE690FC45.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phonotimpus revilla Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez & Ibarra-Núñez 2022	<div><p>Phonotimpus revilla sp. nov.</p> <p>Figures 189–191, 230–233</p> <p>Type material. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.48031&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.940123" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.48031/lat 23.940123)">Female</a> holotype from the Cueva de Rancho Revilla [23.9401223°N, 99.4803097°W], Tamaulipas, Mexico (Aug. 22, 1973; D. McKenzie, R. Jameson), deposited in AMNH; the label reads Nuevo León, but according to Barr (1982: 174, fig. 47), the Cueva de Rancho Revilla is also called the Cueva de Revilla (see Other Material Examined below) and is in Tamaulipas, Mexico.</p> <p>Other material examined. MEXICO: Tamaulipas: Cueva de Revilla [23.9401223°N, 99.4803097°W], Revilla, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.48031&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.940123" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.48031/lat 23.940123)">Purificación area</a>, Apr. 19, 1980, T. Treacy et al., 1♀ (AMNH).</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.</p> <p>Diagnosis. The epigynum of this cave species resembles that of the surface species P. cuauhtemoc sp. nov. but can easily be distinguished by its straight, anterior margin of atrium, without hood, posterior third with median septum, copulatory openings evident, copulatory ducts about as long as primary spermathecae, shorter fertilization ducts, far from posterior epigynal margin (Figs 189–191).</p> <p>Description. Male: Unknown.</p> <p>Female (holotype): Total length 2.25. Carapace yellow, with only vague traces of submarginal bands of maculations, pars thoracica steeply sloping, pars cephalica flat; sternum, mouthparts yellow, unmarked, each cheliceral paturon with two strong, erect bristles near base; abdomen narrow, dorsum, sides light gray, with scattered tiny white spots plus large white mark immediately above spinnerets, scutum wide, covering full width of abdomen anteriorly, extending to about one-third of abdomen length, where covering about half of abdomen width, venter white, unmarked (Figs 230–233); legs yellow, unmarked. Leg spination: femora: I d1-0-0, p0-0-2; II–IV d1-0-0; tibiae: I v4-4-4; II v4-4-2; metatarsi: I v4-2-2; II v2-2-3.</p> <p>Epigynum very large, posterior half with a deep atrium extending over entire epigynal width, posterior third with elevated, median septum; widely separated copulatory openings at anterior margin of atrium; long, tubular, heavily sclerotized copulatory ducts anterolaterally directed, about same length as primary spermathecae; bursae large, semicircular, almost contiguous; primary spermathecae tubular, about as long as bursae, anterior to atrium, lateral and parallel to copulatory ducts; fertilization ducts slender, directed posteriorly, about half as long as primary spermathecae, ending far from posterior epigynal margin (Figs 189–191).</p> <p>Distribution. Known only from the Cueva de Rancho Revilla (=Cueva de Revilla) in the Purificación area, Municipio de Güémez, Tamaulipas (Fig. 339).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5C5787B813714B2192DD3BEAE690FC45	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Platnick, Norman I.;Chamé-Vázquez, David;Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo	Platnick, Norman I., Chamé-Vázquez, David, Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo (2022): The guardstone spiders of the genus Phonotimpus Gertsch & Davis (Araneae: Phrurolithidae) from northeastern Mexico. Zootaxa 5219 (1): 1-48, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5219.1.1
5C5787B813774B2392DD3D97E575FBF0.text	5C5787B813774B2392DD3D97E575FBF0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phonotimpus tetrico Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez & Ibarra-Núñez 2022	<div><p>Phonotimpus tetrico sp. nov.</p> <p>Figures 192–198, 234–241</p> <p>Type material. Male holotype and female allotype from <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.44995&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.886658" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.44995/lat 23.886658)">Pozo Tetrico</a> [23.8866572°N, 99.4499501°W], 2500 m N Rancho Nuevo, Tamaulipas, Mexico (Nov. 1992; male, P. Sprouse, female, C. Savvas), deposited in AMNH. Details on this cave and its inhabitants can be found in Fogarty et al. (1994).</p> <p>Other material examined. MEXICO: Tamaulipas: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.44724&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.89306" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.44724/lat 23.89306)">Cueva de California</a> [23.8930600°N, 99.4472400°W], 4 mi NE Rancho Nuevo, Aug. 23, 1973, D. McKenzie, R. Jameson, 1♀ (AMNH) [N.B.: Nuevo León per label]. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.47481&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.959501" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.47481/lat 23.959501)">Cueva Tecolote</a> [23.9595018°N, 99.4748048°W], Conrado Castillo, 38 mi SW El Barretal, Aug. 24, 1973, R. Jameson, D. McKenzie, F. Pérez, 1♀ (AMNH) [N.B.: Nuevo León per label, but “El Barretal Nuevo Leon ” is in the Municipio de Güémez, Tamaulipas]. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.45189&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.876463" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.45189/lat 23.876463)">Pozo del Arrecife</a> [23.8764631°N, 99.4518891°W], 800 m NE Rancho Nuevo, Mar. 15, 1982, P., T. Sprouse, 1♀ (AMNH). Pozo del Sueño Mandarino [23.8727552°N, 99.4441954°W], 1 km NE Rancho Nuevo, Nov. 1992, P. Sprouse, 1♀ (AMNH). Sótano de las <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.42021&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.905449" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.42021/lat 23.905449)">Calenturas</a> [23.9054488°N, 99.4202091°W], Nov. 19, 1979, D. Pate, 1♀ (AMNH).</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Male resembles those of P. arcitos sp. nov., P. chipinque sp. nov. and P. vacas sp. nov., but has a distinctive, subrectangular, ventral laminar projection near tip of the retrolateral tibial apophysis (Figs 193–194). Females can be easily recognized by the remarkable epigynal hood, prolonged medially into a sharp septum that extends almost to the posterior epigynal margin, bursae shorter than the conical, long primary spermathecae (Figs 196–198).</p> <p>Description. Male (holotype): Total length 2.27. Carapace yellow, with only vague traces of submarginal bands of maculations, pars thoracica steeply sloping, pars cephalica sloping evenly from thoracic groove to clypeus; sternum, mouthparts yellow, unmarked, each cheliceral paturon with one strong, erect bristle near base; abdomen narrow, dorsum light gray, with faint traces of four threadlike white chevrons on posterior one-third, scutum oval, covering about three-fourths of abdomen length, posteriorly covering about half of abdomen width, sides light gray, posteriorly with longitudinal rows of white spots, venter white, unmarked (Figs 234–237); legs yellow, unmarked. Leg spination: femora: I d1-0-0, p0-0-2; II–IV d1-0-0; tibiae: I v4-4-4; II v4-4-2; metatarsi I, II v2-2-3.</p> <p>Palpal femur slightly incrassate distally, with one dorso-distal spine, retrolateral excavation extending over more than three-fourths of femur length, patch of spinules on distal, prolateral half; dorsal tibial apophysis long, straight, slightly leaned to retrolateral side, gently curved ventrally (Figs 194–195); retrolateral apophysis much shorter, thicker, with large, subrectangular, ventrally directed, laminar projection near tip (Figs 193–194); distal border of palpal tibia deeply notched prolaterally (Figs 192–193); shallow groove on middle of cymbium, corresponding with dorsal tibial apophysis (Fig. 195); tegulum greatly expanded proximally, laterally; membranous embolar base narrow, about one-fifth of bulb width; embolus short, extending along the alveolus edge, obscured by the embolar basal process that is wider distally; conductor long, greatly widened at tip; hook-shaped apical tegular apophysis strong, pointing retrolaterally (Figs 193–195).</p> <p>Female (allotype): Total length 2.52.As in male, except each cheliceral paturon with two erect bristles, proximal one near base, strong, more distal bristle weaker, dorsal scutum covering only anterior one-third of abdomen length (Figs 238–241). Leg spination as in male.</p> <p>Epigynum very large, dominated by the epigynal hood, produced medially into a sharp septum, ending near posterior margin; copulatory openings diagonally inverted U-shape, about two diameters apart, situated about at middle length of large, deep atria; copulatory ducts heavily sclerotized, greatly elongated, extending just anteriorly to atria; bursae oval, wider than long, with posterior, rounded extension; primary spermathecae conical, about twice as long as bursae, touching posterior epigynal margin, lateral to copulatory ducts; secondary spermatheca tiny, thumblike (Figs 196–198).</p> <p>Distribution. Known only from caves of the Purificación area, in at least the Municipios de Güémez and Hidalgo of central Tamaulipas. There are two caves in which this species and P. arcitos sp. nov. have both been collected (Fig. 339).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5C5787B813774B2392DD3D97E575FBF0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Platnick, Norman I.;Chamé-Vázquez, David;Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo	Platnick, Norman I., Chamé-Vázquez, David, Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo (2022): The guardstone spiders of the genus Phonotimpus Gertsch & Davis (Araneae: Phrurolithidae) from northeastern Mexico. Zootaxa 5219 (1): 1-48, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5219.1.1
5C5787B813744B2292DD39CEE616FD95.text	5C5787B813744B2292DD39CEE616FD95.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phonotimpus vacas Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez & Ibarra-Núñez 2022	<div><p>Phonotimpus vacas sp. nov.</p> <p>Figures 199–202, 242–245</p> <p>Type material. Male holotype from the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.491165&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.96299" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.491165/lat 23.96299)">Sótano de Agua</a> de las Vacas [23.9629889°N, 99.4911614°W], 1 km NNE Agua de las Vacas, Nuevo León, Mexico (Dec. 29, 1986; P., T. Sprouse), deposited in AMNH. According to Pate &amp; Sprouse (1993), this pit is on a forested slope at an elevation of 2050 m and reaches a depth of 31 m; those authors listed these specimens as Phonotimpus sp. and considered them possible troglophiles.</p> <p>Other material examined. One male taken with the holotype (AMNH).</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Males can be easily recognized by the short, slim, lanceolate retrolateral tibial apophysis, which has a prolateral, bicuspid process (Figs 200–201). The reduced pigmentation around their eyes suggest that they may indeed be troglophiles (Fig. 242).</p> <p>Description. Male (holotype): Total length 1.55. Carapace pale yellow, with dusky markings restricted to faint lines radiating from thoracic groove, pars thoracica steeply sloping, pars cephalica sloping evenly to clypeus; sternum, mouthparts pale yellow, unmarked, each cheliceral paturon with one erect bristle near base; abdomen narrow, dorsum, sides light gray with scattered white spots, dorsum posteriorly with about three threadlike white chevrons followed posteriorly by wide white spot immediately above spinnerets, weak, shiny scutum notably darkened at its edges, covering about two-thirds of abdomen width, extending more than three-quarters of abdomen length, widening slightly to its posterior edge, venter pale yellow, without markings (Figs 242–245); legs yellow, without dark markings. Leg spination: femora: I d1-0-0, p0-0-2; II–IV d1-0-0; tibiae: I v4-4-4; II v3-4-2; metatarsi: I v4-2-1p, II v3-2-2.</p> <p>Palpal femur long, club-shaped, with one dorso-distal spine, with retrolateral excavation extending most of distal half of segment, patch of spinules on distal, prolateral half; dorsal tibial apophysis long, straight, gently curved ventrally, bearing one long, erect, basal macroseta (Figs 201–202); retrolateral apophysis shorter, bent at about onethird its length, tip arrow-shaped, with a bicuspid, laminar process at half of inner side, directed prolaterally (Figs 200–201); distal border of palpal tibia deeply notched prolaterally (Figs 199–200); shallow groove on middle of cymbium, corresponding with dorsal tibial apophysis; tegulum greatly expanded proximally, laterally; membranous embolar base except prolaterally and distally, narrow, about one-fifth of bulb width; embolus short, extending along the alveolus edge, obscured by cymbial setae and embolar basal process, which has tip wide; conductor long, greatly widened at tip; hook-shaped apical tegular apophysis strong, pointing retrolaterally (Figs 199–202).</p> <p>Female: Unknown.</p> <p>Distribution. Known only from the Sótano de Agua de las Vacas in the Municipio de General Zaragoza in southwest Nuevo León (Fig. 339).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5C5787B813744B2292DD39CEE616FD95	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Platnick, Norman I.;Chamé-Vázquez, David;Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo	Platnick, Norman I., Chamé-Vázquez, David, Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo (2022): The guardstone spiders of the genus Phonotimpus Gertsch & Davis (Araneae: Phrurolithidae) from northeastern Mexico. Zootaxa 5219 (1): 1-48, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5219.1.1
5C5787B813754B1C92DD3F6AE14FFEB3.text	5C5787B813754B1C92DD3F6AE14FFEB3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phonotimpus valles Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez & Ibarra-Núñez 2022	<div><p>Phonotimpus valles sp. nov.</p> <p>Figures 203–205, 287–290</p> <p>Type material. Female holotype from state highway marker 85, 51.5 mi W Ciudad Valles, San Luis Potosí, Mexico (Oct. 17, 1972; V. Roth, B. Firstman), deposited in AMNH.</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Females can be easily recognized by the greatly elevated bulge on the anterior half of epigynum, copulatory ducts extending laterally from the paramedian exposed copulatory openings and lateral, tubular primary spermathecae (Figs 203–205).</p> <p>Description. Male: Unknown.</p> <p>Female (holotype): Total length 2.42. Carapace pale yellow, with dark lateral margins, dusky markings covering entire surface except for unmarked submarginal U-shaped band and unmarked spot just anterior to fovea, pars thoracica steeply sloping, pars cephalica sloping evenly from elevated thoracic groove to clypeus; sternum, mouthparts pale yellow, unmarked, each cheliceral paturon with two strong, erect bristles near base; abdomen ovoid, narrowed anteriorly, posteriorly, dorsum, sides light gray with scattered white spots arranged in procurved rows, large posterior white spot separated from spinnerets by gray band, strong, shiny scutum pentagonal, occupying about three-fourths of abdominal width at its widest point, extending to almost half of abdomen length, venter white, without markings (Figs 287–290); legs yellow, without dark markings. Leg spination: femora: I p0-0-2; II–IV d1-0-0; tibiae: I v4-4-4; II v4-4-2; metatarsi I, II v2-2-3.</p> <p>Epigynum large with anterior half occupied by greatly elevated, sclerotized bulge, posterior half concave with two circular, exposed, paramedian copulatory openings just posterior to bulge; copulatory ducts short, laterally directed; bursae large, semicircular, almost contiguous, occupying most of anterior half of epigynum; long, tubular, lateral primary spermathecae extending posteriorly, almost touching posterior epigynal margin (Figs 203–205).</p> <p>Distribution. Known only from the Municipio de Ciudad Valles in eastern San Luis Potosí (Fig. 339).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5C5787B813754B1C92DD3F6AE14FFEB3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Platnick, Norman I.;Chamé-Vázquez, David;Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo	Platnick, Norman I., Chamé-Vázquez, David, Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo (2022): The guardstone spiders of the genus Phonotimpus Gertsch & Davis (Araneae: Phrurolithidae) from northeastern Mexico. Zootaxa 5219 (1): 1-48, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5219.1.1
5C5787B8134B4B1C92DD3BECE611F877.text	5C5787B8134B4B1C92DD3BECE611F877.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phonotimpus pozas Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez & Ibarra-Núñez 2022	<div><p>The pozas group</p> <p>Members of this group have a single, small copulatory opening situated near the anterior epigynal margin, at a shallow, median, longitudinal groove; first part of copulatory ducts parallel, first directed posteriorly, then diverging laterally or anteriorly; the elongated bursa arise far and postero-laterally from copulatory opening, primary spermathecae elongated, located postero-laterally, touching the posterior epigynal margin.</p> <p>Composition. P. gertschi sp. nov., P. pozas sp. nov. and P. xilitla sp. nov.</p> <p>Distribution. San Luis Potosí.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5C5787B8134B4B1C92DD3BECE611F877	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Platnick, Norman I.;Chamé-Vázquez, David;Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo	Platnick, Norman I., Chamé-Vázquez, David, Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo (2022): The guardstone spiders of the genus Phonotimpus Gertsch & Davis (Araneae: Phrurolithidae) from northeastern Mexico. Zootaxa 5219 (1): 1-48, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5219.1.1
5C5787B813484B1E92DD3D97E19AFC29.text	5C5787B813484B1E92DD3D97E19AFC29.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phonotimpus gertschi Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez & Ibarra-Núñez 2022	<div><p>Phonotimpus gertschi sp. nov.</p> <p>Figures 246–252, 291–298</p> <p>Type material. Male holotype and female allotype from the Cueva de San Pedro, 4 km N Tlamaya, San Luis Potosí, Mexico (Dec. 28, 1984; P. Sprouse), deposited in AMNH. According to Sprouse (1985), the cave is situated about 500 m NW of the village of San Pedro Huitzquilico, on the western side of a valley, at the base of a cone hill, and has two large chambers.</p> <p>Other material examined. One male taken with the types (AMNH).</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name is a patronym in honor of Willis Gertsch, who established the genus in 1940 (based on specimens collected by L. Davis), and who first recognized this species as new in 1985.</p> <p>Diagnosis. This species appears to be a troglobite, with reduced and depigmented eyes as well as elongated appendages (Figs 291, 295). Males can be easily distinguished by the extraordinarily long, slender, arched embolus that arises prolaterally, about at middle of tegulum length, long conductor, hook-shaped apical tegular apophysis pointing distal-retrolaterally (Fig. 247), and bent, sharp retrolateral apophysis with dorso-basal, rounded bump (Figs 247–248). The female has the median groove largely restricted to the anterior portion of epigynum, with an oblong copulatory opening near the anterior epigynal margin, the posterior portion has a pair of distinctive, rounded lateral ridges, first part of copulatory ducts directed posteriorly, second part directed obliquely, V-shaped (Figs 250–252).</p> <p>Description. Male (holotype): Total length 1.78. Carapace yellow, with no pigment around reduced eyes, pars thoracica gently sloping, pars cephalica gently rounded; sternum, mouthparts yellow, each cheliceral paturon with two erect bristles near base, median bristle greatly elongated; abdomen narrow, white, unmarked except under dorsal scutum, markings, scutum restricted to cardiac area (Figs 291–294); legs pale yellow, unmarked. Legs with very long trichobothria from tibiae to tarsi, legs IV greatly elongated. Leg spination: femora: I p0-2-0; II d1-0-0, p0-0-1; III, IV d1-0-0; tibiae I, II v4-4-4; metatarsi I, II v4-2-2.</p> <p>Palpal femur distally incrassate, with one dorso-distal spine, ventral excavation extending over distal half of femur length, patch of spinules on distal, prolateral half; dorsal tibial apophysis arched, wide at base but abruptly narrowed at about half its length, tip curved prolaterally (Fig. 249); retrolateral apophysis originating at base of tibia, with dorso-basal, rounded bump (Figs 247, 249), base extending far to side of segment, bent at 90° angle at about one-third its length, then flattened, bent again directed ventrally, tip sharp (Figs 247–249); cymbium with a short, deep groove on its proximal, prolateral side, corresponding with tip of dorsal tibial apophysis; tegulum expanded proximally; embolar base small, membranous; embolus hook-shaped, greatly elongated, slender, arising at the prolateral side of embolar base, about at middle of tegulum length, extending along prolateral, distal edge of alveolus; embolar basal process slender, extended along most embolus length; conductor elongated, widened distally; apical tegular apophysis hook-shaped, pointing distal-retrolaterally (Figs 246–247).</p> <p>Female (allotype): Total length 1.88. As in male, except both cheliceral paturons’ bristles greatly elongated, abdominal scutum even smaller than in male (Figs 295–298). Leg spination as in male except metatarsus II v3-2-2; all except distalmost pair of spines under tibia I greatly elongated, each about one-third as long as tibia.</p> <p>Epigynum large, posterior sides with rounded lateral ridges; one small oblong copulatory opening on anterior third of epigynum; copulatory ducts long, first part parallel, directed posteriorly, widening, second part directed obliquely, V-shaped; elongated bursae lateral to copulatory opening, larger than primary spermathecae, which are kidney-shaped, touching the posterior epigynal margin (Figs 250–252).</p> <p>Distribution. Known only from a cave in the Municipio de Xilitla in southeastern San Luis Potosí (Fig. 339).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5C5787B813484B1E92DD3D97E19AFC29	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Platnick, Norman I.;Chamé-Vázquez, David;Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo	Platnick, Norman I., Chamé-Vázquez, David, Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo (2022): The guardstone spiders of the genus Phonotimpus Gertsch & Davis (Araneae: Phrurolithidae) from northeastern Mexico. Zootaxa 5219 (1): 1-48, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5219.1.1
5C5787B813494B1892DD3EF6E4DCFD95.text	5C5787B813494B1892DD3EF6E4DCFD95.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phonotimpus pozas Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez & Ibarra-Núñez 2022	<div><p>Phonotimpus pozas sp. nov.</p> <p>Figures 253–259, 299 –306</p> <p>Type material. Male holotype from <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-98.99389&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.39722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -98.99389/lat 21.39722)">Berlese</a> sample taken in a tropical forest fragment at <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-98.99389&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.39722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -98.99389/lat 21.39722)">Las Pozas</a>, [21.39722°N, 98.99389°W], elev. 600 m, Xilitla City, San Luis Potosí, Mexico (Nov. 14–18, 2011; Álvarez-Padilla Lab.), deposited in AMNH.</p> <p>Other material examined. MEXICO: San Luis Potosí: Las Pozas, [21.39722°N, 98.99389°W], elev. 600 m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-98.99389&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.39722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -98.99389/lat 21.39722)">Xilitla</a> City, Nov. 14–18, 2011, tropical forest fragment, Álvarez-Padilla Lab., 2♂, 1♀ (AMNH), same, Mar. 23–30, 2012, 1♂, 7♀ (AMNH), same, June 10–15, 2012, pitfall, 4♂ (AMNH). Tamazunchale, Jan. 5, 1952, W. Creighton, 1♀ (AMNH), same, [21.25°N, 98.8°W], Apr. 19, 1963, W. Gertsch, W. Ivie, 4♀ (AMNH), same, [21.25°N, 98.78333°W], Aug. 17, 1964, J., W. Ivie, 1♂ (AMNH). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-98.83333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.33333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -98.83333/lat 21.33333)">8 mi NNW Tamazunchale</a>, [21.33333°N, 98.83333°W], Apr. 19, 1963, W. Gertsch, W. Ivie, 2♂, 3♀ (AMNH). 7.2 km NE <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-98.94101&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.42821" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -98.94101/lat 21.42821)">Xilitla</a>, 21.42821°N, 98.94101°W, elev. 180 m, Aug. 19, 2009, sifted leaf litter, disturbed tropical moist forest, M. Branstetter, 1♀ (MCZ 95377), same 7♀ (MCZ 94686).</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Males can be easily recognized by the long, acuminate, arched embolus, subtriangular apical tegular apophysis, and dorsal tibial apophysis with a prolateral rounded bump at mid length (Figs 253–255). Females are also readily recognizable by a median, longitudinal groove, which encompass the copulatory opening and the first part of copulatory ducts, extending up the anterior half of the epigynum, primary spermathecae long, curved, distal half touching posterior epigynal margin (Figs 257–259).</p> <p>Description. Male (holotype): Total length 1.47. Carapace light brown, entire surface with dark maculations, pars thoracica steeply sloping, pars cephalica gently sloping from thoracic groove to clypeus; sternum, mouthparts light brown, with dark maculations except on anteromedian corners of endites, each cheliceral paturon with one weak, erect bristle near base; abdomen almost rectangular, narrowed posteriorly, dorsum dark gray, with scattered tiny white spots, shiny, almost rectangular scutum covering over three-fourths of abdominal length, width, sides dark gray with longitudinal rows of white spots, venter pale yellow, unmarked (Figs 299–302); legs yellow, unmarked. Leg spination: femora: I p0-0-2; II d1-0-0, p0-0-1; III–IV d1-0-0; tibiae: I v4-4-4; II v4-4-2; metatarsi I, II v3-2-2.</p> <p>Palpal femur distally incrassate, with one dorso-distal spine, retrolateral excavation extending over distal two-thirds of femur length, patch of spinules on distal, prolateral half; dorsal tibial apophysis long, sharply bent at about one-third its length, with mid rounded bulge, tip attenuated, directed prolaterally (Figs 253–256); straight retrolateral apophysis originating at base of tibia, with base extending far to side of segment, sharply bent at about half length, distally excavated (Figs 254–255); cymbial groove deep, situated on proximal, prolateral part, corresponding with distal part of dorsal tibial apophysis (Figs 253, 256); tegulum bulbous, expanded proximally; embolar base small, membranous; embolus with wide, triangular base, tip long, fang-shaped, extending over prolateral, distal edge of alveolus; long embolar basal process translucent; conductor long, slender, tip widened; apical tegular apophysis subtriangular (Figs 253–254).</p> <p>Female (Las Pozas): Total length 1.82. As in male, except each cheliceral paturon with two strong, erect bristles, abdominal dorsum with white spots forming five threadlike chevrons, scutum triangular, rounded posteriorly, occupying most of front margin but extending only about one-third of abdominal length, covering about one-third of abdominal width posteriorly (Figs 303 –306). Leg spination as in male except tibiae: I v4-4-3; II v4-4-2.</p> <p>Epigynum long, with a median groove, about two-thirds of epigynum length, encompassing the copulatory opening and first part of copulatory ducts; second part of copulatory ducts wide, sclerotized, laterally directed; bursae long, tube-shaped, anteriorly directed; elongated primary spermathecae about half as long as bursae, occupying posterior portion of epigynum, curved, distal half touching posterior epigynal margin, almost contiguous distally (Figs 257–259).</p> <p>Distribution. Known only from the Municipios Xilitla and Tamazunchale in southeastern San Luis Potosí (Fig. 339).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5C5787B813494B1892DD3EF6E4DCFD95	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Platnick, Norman I.;Chamé-Vázquez, David;Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo	Platnick, Norman I., Chamé-Vázquez, David, Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo (2022): The guardstone spiders of the genus Phonotimpus Gertsch & Davis (Araneae: Phrurolithidae) from northeastern Mexico. Zootaxa 5219 (1): 1-48, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5219.1.1
5C5787B8134F4B1892DD38A7E049F96D.text	5C5787B8134F4B1892DD38A7E049F96D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phonotimpus schulzefenai (Chamberlin & Ivie 1936)	<div><p>The schulzefenai group</p> <p>Members of this group have a single copulatory opening facing anteriorly and located on the anterior or middle part of epigynum; copulatory ducts short, directed posteriorly, heavily sclerotized, tightly touching one another, forming a copulatory duct chamber; elongated or tubular bursae arising posterolaterally to copulatory duct chamber, directed anteriorly, surrounding the copulatory duct chamber and opening; primary spermathecae directed posteriorly, elongated (rounded in P. ahuacatlan), contiguous, touching the posterior epigynal margin.</p> <p>Composition. P. schulzefenai, P. ahuacatlan sp. nov. and P. puente sp. nov..</p> <p>Distribution. Ciudad de México, Estado de México, Guerrero, San Luis Potosí.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5C5787B8134F4B1892DD38A7E049F96D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Platnick, Norman I.;Chamé-Vázquez, David;Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo	Platnick, Norman I., Chamé-Vázquez, David, Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo (2022): The guardstone spiders of the genus Phonotimpus Gertsch & Davis (Araneae: Phrurolithidae) from northeastern Mexico. Zootaxa 5219 (1): 1-48, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5219.1.1
5C5787B8134F4B1892DD3F6AE124FAD9.text	5C5787B8134F4B1892DD3F6AE124FAD9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phonotimpus xilitla Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez & Ibarra-Núñez 2022	<div><p>Phonotimpus xilitla sp. nov.</p> <p>Figures 260–262, 307–310</p> <p>Type material. Female holotype from dung trap taken at a tropical forest [elev. 762 m], at Xilitla, San Luis Potosí, Mexico (July 18, 1970; A. Newton), deposited in MCZ (63207).</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Females resemble those of P. pozas sp. nov. in carapace color pattern (Fig. 307) and epigynum with a narrow, median, longitudinal groove (Fig. 260) but the second portion of copulatory ducts are obliquely oriented, V-shaped, and the primary spermathecae are widely separated posteriorly and not curved (Figs 261–262).</p> <p>Description. Male: Unknown.</p> <p>Female (holotype): Total length 1.85. Carapace yellow, with pale brown maculations scattered everywhere except on two elongated yellow bands behind posterior eyes, pars thoracica gradually sloping, pars cephalica gently rounded; sternum, mouthparts yellow, cheliceral paturon bristles broken off, base of only one detectable, abdomen narrow, dorsum in bad condition, color pattern not visible, sides light gray, with longitudinal rows of white spots, abdominal scutum small, triangular, covering cardiac area only, venter white, unmarked (Figs 307– 310). Most legs missing, only one leg II, one leg IV present. Leg spination: femur II p0-0-1; tibia II v4-4-2; metatarsus II v3-2-2.</p> <p>Epigynum long, with a longitudinal, median groove encompassing the copulatory opening and first part of copulatory ducts, which are directed posteriorly, then second part obliquely divergent, V-shaped; long, tube-shaped bursae, lateral to median groove; elongated primary spermathecae, about one-half of bursae length, lateral to copulatory ducts, widely separated, distally touching posterior epigynal margin (Figs 260–262).</p> <p>Distribution. Known only from the Municipio de Xilitla in southeastern San Luis Potosí (Fig. 339).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5C5787B8134F4B1892DD3F6AE124FAD9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Platnick, Norman I.;Chamé-Vázquez, David;Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo	Platnick, Norman I., Chamé-Vázquez, David, Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo (2022): The guardstone spiders of the genus Phonotimpus Gertsch & Davis (Araneae: Phrurolithidae) from northeastern Mexico. Zootaxa 5219 (1): 1-48, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5219.1.1
5C5787B8134F4B1B92DD3A32E0B0FE79.text	5C5787B8134F4B1B92DD3A32E0B0FE79.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phonotimpus schulzefenai (Chamberlin & Ivie 1936)	<div><p>Phonotimpus schulzefenai (Chamberlin &amp; Ivie, 1936)</p> <p>Figures 263–266, 311–314</p> <p>Gosiphrurus schulzefenai Chamberlin &amp; Ivie, 1936: 14, pl.2, figs 15–16 (female holotype from Chilapa, Guerrero, Mexico, in Museum für Naturkunde; not examined); Platnick &amp; Ubick, 1989: 3.</p> <p>Phonotimpus schulzefenai Chamé-Vázquez et al., 2021: 575, figs 3A–J, 4A–G.</p> <p>Other material examined. MEXICO: San Luis Potosí: 40 Km W Xilitla, elev. 1700 m, June 12, 1983, litter from oak forest, S., J. Peck, 2 ♂ (AMNH _ IZC 00326983) [N.B.: San Luis Potosí: 40 Km W Xilitla per label, but that location is in the state of Querétaro].</p> <p>Diagnosis. Males can be recognized by the retrolateral tibial apophysis arising at base of tibia, extending far to the side of segment, distal portion bent distally, with a subdistal expansion on the ventral edge, and dorsal apophysis strongly curved ventrally (Chamé-Vázquez et al. 2021: figs 4A, D; Figs 263–266). Females resemble those of P. puente sp. nov. in abdominal color pattern and epigynum, but have a smaller copulatory opening and a shorter, round copulatory duct chamber (Chamé-Vázquez et al. 2021: figs 3A–H).</p> <p>Description. See redescription by Chamé-Vázquez et al. (2021).</p> <p>Distribution. Ciudad de México, Estado de México, Guerrero, San Luis Potosí (Fig. 339).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5C5787B8134F4B1B92DD3A32E0B0FE79	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Platnick, Norman I.;Chamé-Vázquez, David;Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo	Platnick, Norman I., Chamé-Vázquez, David, Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo (2022): The guardstone spiders of the genus Phonotimpus Gertsch & Davis (Araneae: Phrurolithidae) from northeastern Mexico. Zootaxa 5219 (1): 1-48, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5219.1.1
5C5787B8134C4B1B92DD3F46E124F8A5.text	5C5787B8134C4B1B92DD3F46E124F8A5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phonotimpus ahuacatlan Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez & Ibarra-Núñez 2022	<div><p>Phonotimpus ahuacatlan sp. nov.</p> <p>Figures 267–273, 315–322</p> <p>Type material. Male holotype and female allotype from leaf litter taken on surface above Sótano del Rancho de la Barranca, 5 km NNE Ahuacatlán, San Luis Potosí, Mexico (Nov. 27, 1972; J. Reddell), deposited in AMNH.</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Males can be recognized by the sinuous retrolateral tibial apophysis, bent ventrally; dorsal apophysis slender, slightly longer than retrolateral apophysis; embolar base expanded prolaterally; tegular apophysis spineshaped apically (Figs 268–270); female epigynum with a distinctive tongue-shaped anterior median ridge leading to the copulatory opening; bursae about four times as long as the rounded primary spermathecae (Figs 271–273).</p> <p>Description. Male (holotype): Total length 1.80. Carapace yellow, sides with broad marginal band of dark maculations, pars cephalica with four longitudinal bands of dark maculations, pars thoracica steeply sloping, pars cephalica gently rounded; sternum, mouthparts yellow, each cheliceral paturon with one erect bristle near base; abdomen narrow, dorsum pale yellow, with U-shaped dark band on sides and across posterior end, area within that band with median dark marking over cardiac area, followed by two shorter dark marks, area immediately above spinnerets with additional dark stripe connecting laterally to U-shaped mark, shiny, almost rectangular scutum covering most of abdomen width anteriorly, extending to rear of cardiac area, venter pale yellow, unmarked (Figs 315–318); legs yellow, femora with proximal, distal dark rings, patellae, tibiae with distal dark rings. Leg spination: femora: I p0-0-2; II d1-0-0, p0-0-1; III–IV d1-0-0; tibiae: I v6-4-4; II v4-4-4; metatarsi: I v4-2-2; II v3-2-2.</p> <p>Palpal femur distally incrassate, with retrolateral excavation extending over distal two-thirds of femur length, patch of spinules on distal, prolateral half; dorsal tibial apophysis long, with small, retrolateral middle bump, sharply narrowed at about one-third its length, leaned to prolateral side (Figs 267, 269–270); retrolateral apophysis originating at base of tibia, with base extending far to side of segment, distal portion sinuous, bent ventrally (Figs 268–269); cymbial groove deep, situated prolaterally, corresponding with dorsal tibial apophysis (Figs 267, 270); tegulum bulbous, proximally expanded; embolar base expanded prolaterally, moderately sclerotized; embolus long, with wide base, arched, acuminate, extended along the distal alveolus edge; embolar basal process and conductor long, both translucent; tegular distal apophysis spine-shaped pointing distally (Fig. 268).</p> <p>Female (allotype): Total length 2.27. As in male, except each cheliceral paturon with two strong, erect bristles, abdominal dorsum with scutum small, triangular, covering cardiac area only (Figs 319–322). Leg spination as in male except tibia I v4-4-4.</p> <p>Epigynum long, copulatory opening at the bottom of an anterior, wide U-shaped ridge occupying about half of epigynum, leading into a rounded copulatory duct chamber; long, tube-shaped bursae pointing anteriorly, arising at posterolateral corners of copulatory duct chamber; small, rounded primary spermathecae, each smaller than the copulatory duct chamber, contiguous, touching the posterior of epigynal margin (Figs 271–273).</p> <p>Distribution. Known only from the Municipio de Xilitla in southeastern San Luis Potosí (Fig. 339).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5C5787B8134C4B1B92DD3F46E124F8A5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Platnick, Norman I.;Chamé-Vázquez, David;Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo	Platnick, Norman I., Chamé-Vázquez, David, Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo (2022): The guardstone spiders of the genus Phonotimpus Gertsch & Davis (Araneae: Phrurolithidae) from northeastern Mexico. Zootaxa 5219 (1): 1-48, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5219.1.1
5C5787B813424B1592DD3971E18EF869.text	5C5787B813424B1592DD3971E18EF869.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phonotimpus puente Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez & Ibarra-Núñez 2022	<div><p>Phonotimpus puente sp. nov.</p> <p>Figures 274–276, 323–326</p> <p>Type material. Female holotype taken at Cueva de la Puente, elev. 3000 m, 40 km E San Luis Potosí, Municipio de Zaragoza, San Luis Potosí, Mexico (May 16, 1972; R. Ralph, W. Elliott, M. McEachern), deposited in AMNH. This is a large cave, containing over a mile of streams and a sizable fauna (Elliott 1973, p. 51).</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Female resembles those of P. schulzefenai in abdominal color pattern and epigynum, but have a wide copulatory opening and an hourglass-shaped copulatory duct chamber, about as long as spermathecae, bursae long, tapered (Figs 274–276).</p> <p>Description. Male: Unknown.</p> <p>Female (holotype): Total length 1.83. Carapace pale yellow, with dark lateral margins, ill-defined paramedian bands of dark maculations, pars cephalica with pair of longitudinal maculations extending back from posterior lateral eyes plus inverted T-shaped dark maculation encompassing thoracic groove, pars thoracica steeply sloping, pars cephalica almost flat; sternum, mouthparts pale yellow, unmarked, each cheliceral paturon with two erect bristles near base; abdomen widened posteriorly, dark gray, with pair of V-shaped white markings, almost meeting medially, immediately behind scutum, followed posteriorly by five white chevrons, scutum almost rectangular, covering almost all of abdomen width at front, extending over one-third of abdomen length, venter white with two dark gray longitudinal bands (Figs 323–326); legs yellow, dissected but apparently without distinct dark markings. Leg spination: femora: I p0-0-2; II d1-0-0, p0-0-1; III–IV d1-0-0; tibiae: I v4-4-4; II v4-4-2; metatarsi I, II v2-2-3.</p> <p>Epigynum long, wide copulatory opening near the anterior epigynal margin; copulatory ducts extending posteriorly, contiguous, heavily sclerotized, in combination with copulatory opening forming an hourglass shape copulatory duct chamber, about as long as primary spermathecae; long tubular bursae arising at posterolateral side of copulatory duct chamber, extending anteriorly, surrounding copulatory-duct-chamber and opening; pear-shaped primary spermathecae contiguous anteriorly, about as long as copulatory duct chamber, occupying posterior one-third of epigynum length, touching the posterior epigynal margin (Figs 274–276).</p> <p>Distribution. Known only from a cave in the Municipio de Zaragoza in southwestern San Luis Potosí (Fig. 339).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5C5787B813424B1592DD3971E18EF869	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Platnick, Norman I.;Chamé-Vázquez, David;Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo	Platnick, Norman I., Chamé-Vázquez, David, Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo (2022): The guardstone spiders of the genus Phonotimpus Gertsch & Davis (Araneae: Phrurolithidae) from northeastern Mexico. Zootaxa 5219 (1): 1-48, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5219.1.1
5C5787B813434B1492DD39FCE5C7F9BD.text	5C5787B813434B1492DD39FCE5C7F9BD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phonotimpus pennimani Chame-Vazquez, Ibarra-Nunez & Jimenez 2018	<div><p>The pennimani group</p> <p>Female members of this group have paired copulatory openings, each on a deep, wide atrium (P. talquian with atrial hoods) on the posterior half of the epigynum; copulatory ducts anteriorly directed, nearly parallel, heavily sclerotized; bursae arising anteriorly, distant from copulatory openings; oblong or liver-shaped primary spermathecae situated lateral to copulatory ducts; fertilization ducts long. Males have a slender, straight embolus pointing distoretrolaterally; embolar basal process thin distally; conductor long with wide tip, and apical tegular process absent.</p> <p>Composition. P. pennimani and P. talquian. For detailed descriptions see Chamé-Vázquez et al. (2018).</p> <p>Distribution. Chiapas.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5C5787B813434B1492DD39FCE5C7F9BD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Platnick, Norman I.;Chamé-Vázquez, David;Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo	Platnick, Norman I., Chamé-Vázquez, David, Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo (2022): The guardstone spiders of the genus Phonotimpus Gertsch & Davis (Araneae: Phrurolithidae) from northeastern Mexico. Zootaxa 5219 (1): 1-48, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5219.1.1
5C5787B813434B1692DD3BBCE598F8CE.text	5C5787B813434B1692DD3BBCE598F8CE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phonotimpus calenturas Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez & Ibarra-Núñez 2022	<div><p>Phonotimpus calenturas sp. nov.</p> <p>Figures 277–279, 327–330</p> <p>Type material. Female holotype from the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.42021&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.905449" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.42021/lat 23.905449)">Sótano</a> de las <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.42021&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.905449" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.42021/lat 23.905449)">Calenturas</a> [23.9054488°N, 99.4202091°W], Yerbabuena, Purificación area, Tamaulipas, Mexico (Apr. 28–29, 1980; P Sprouse et al.), deposited in AMNH.</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Although taken in a cave that also houses P.arcitos sp. nov., this species is not a member of the eutypus group. Indeed, judging by the substantial pigmentation, it may be a surface species only incidentally occurring in the cave. Females can be recognized by the small epigynum, the pair of small, round copulatory openings situated at the posterior end of the epigynum, leading to narrow copulatory ducts, directed anteriorly, bursae elongated; oval primary spermathecae contiguous to copulatory ducts, touching the posterior epigynal margin (Figs 277–279).</p> <p>Description. Male: Unknown.</p> <p>Female (holotype): Total length 1.63. Carapace yellow, with dark maculations radiating from lateral margins, opposite each leg, toward thoracic groove, median area without maculations, pars thoracica gently sloping, pars cephalica sloping evenly from thoracic groove to clypeus; sternum, mouthparts yellow, unmarked, except each cheliceral paturon anteriorly darkened, with two strong, erect bristles near base; abdomen narrow, dorsum dark gray, with vague traces of four white chevrons on posterior half, followed posteriorly by larger white chevron above spinnerets, scutum small, triangular, restricted to cardiac area, narrowed posteriorly, where occupying only about one-seventh of abdomen width at that point, sides dark gray, with oblique, longitudinal rows of small white spots, venter white, unmarked (Figs 327–330); legs yellow, femora, patellae, tibiae with dusky markings over most of their surface. Leg spination: femora: I d1-0-0, p0-0-2; II–IV d1-0-0; tibiae: I v4-4-4; II v4-4-1p; metatarsi I, II v2-2-3.</p> <p>Epigynum small, with pair of small, round copulatory openings set at posterior margin, separated by about their diameter; copulatory ducts sinuous, as long as primary spermathecae, extending anteriorly; bursae elongated, anteriorly directed, contiguous; oval primary spermathecae situated laterally and contiguous to copulatory ducts; secondary spermathecae fingerlike arising at union of copulatory duct and spermatheca; fertilization ducts arising latero-posteriorly (Figs 277–279).</p> <p>Distribution. Known only from the Sótano de las Calenturas, in the Purificación area, Municipio de Güémez, Tamaulipas (Fig. 339).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5C5787B813434B1692DD3BBCE598F8CE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Platnick, Norman I.;Chamé-Vázquez, David;Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo	Platnick, Norman I., Chamé-Vázquez, David, Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo (2022): The guardstone spiders of the genus Phonotimpus Gertsch & Davis (Araneae: Phrurolithidae) from northeastern Mexico. Zootaxa 5219 (1): 1-48, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5219.1.1
5C5787B813414B1092DD3A86E19CFE5D.text	5C5787B813414B1092DD3A86E19CFE5D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phonotimpus llera Platnick & Chamé-Vázquez & Ibarra-Núñez 2022	<div><p>Phonotimpus llera sp. nov.</p> <p>Figures 280–286, 331–338</p> <p>Type material. Male holotype and four male paratypes taken near the summit of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-98.98333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.38333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -98.98333/lat 23.38333)">Llera Mesa</a>, [23.38333°N, 98.98333°W], Tamaulipas, Mexico (Apr. 16, 1963; W. Gertsch, W. Ivie), deposited in AMNH.</p> <p>Other material examined. MEXICO: Tamaulipas: Aldama, Dec. 5, 1945, F. Bonet, 1♀ (AMNH). Arroyo de Nacimiento del Río Frío, Mar. 15, 1972, J. Cooke, 1♂ (AMNH). Rancho del Cielo, 6 mi NW Gómez Farías, Mar. 9, 1969, J. Reddell et al., 1♂ (AMNH).</p> <p>Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Males of this small species can be easily recognized by the very small dorsal and retrolateral tibial apophyses (Figs 280– 283). The female described here is easily recognized by the circular, closely spaced atria situated at the posterior half of the epigynum and by rounded primary spermathecae situated between the atria and rounded bursae, which are about the same size as primary spermathecae (Figs 284–286). That female was not collected with a male, but a good match seems to be a female that was taken with the holotype but is unfortunately missing its epigynum.</p> <p>Description. Male (holotype): Total length 1.31. Carapace yellow, with only vague indications of paramedian longitudinal bands of darker maculations, pars thoracica steeply sloping, pars cephalica sloping evenly from thoracic groove to clypeus; sternum, mouthparts yellow, each cheliceral paturon with one weak bristle near base; abdomen narrow, dorsum, sides light gray, posterior half with four white chevrons, most anterior chevron largest, others decreasing in size toward spinnerets, anterior three situated under weak scutum covering almost full length, width of dorsum, venter white, unmarked (Figs 331–334); legs yellow, unmarked. Leg spination: femora: I d1-0-0, p0- 0-2; II–IV d1-0-0; tibiae: I v4-4-4; II v4-2-2; metatarsi I v2-2-3; II v2-2- 1p.</p> <p>Palpal femur with one dorso-distal spine, weak retrolateral excavation extending over distal two-thirds of femur length, patch of spinules on distal, prolateral half; dorsal tibial apophysis very short, triangular (Figs 280, 282–283); retrolateral apophysis much stronger, short, wide, truncated, slightly bent ventrally (Figs 281–283); tegulum expanded proximally; embolar base membranous, about one-fifth of bulb width; embolus weak, thin, relatively long, extending obliquely to retrolateral edge of alveolus, visible ventrally and laterally; embolar basal process about as wide as embolar base; conductor short, slender, widened at apex; apical tegular apophysis absent (Figs 280–282).</p> <p>Female (Aldama): Total length 1.73. As in male, but carapace maculations more obvious than in male, each cheliceral paturon with two strong, erect bristles near base, dorsal scutum small, triangular, confined to cardiac area, white chevrons connected at sides, leaving four light gray chevrons on white background (Figs 335–338). Leg spination as in male except tibia II v4-4-2; metatarsus II 3-2-2.</p> <p>Epigynum small, with pair of circular, narrowly separated atria near posterior edge; small copulatory openings at anterior margin of atria; copulatory ducts sinuous, extending half-length of epigynum; rounded bursae closely spaced; rounded primary spermathecae situated between bursae and atria, about same size of bursae; fertilization ducts posteriorly directed, lateral to atria, as long as primary spermathecae (Figs 284–286).</p> <p>Distribution. Known only from the Municipios de Llera, El Mante, Gómez Farías, and Aldama in southern Tamaulipas (Fig. 339).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5C5787B813414B1092DD3A86E19CFE5D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Platnick, Norman I.;Chamé-Vázquez, David;Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo	Platnick, Norman I., Chamé-Vázquez, David, Ibarra-Núñez, Guillermo (2022): The guardstone spiders of the genus Phonotimpus Gertsch & Davis (Araneae: Phrurolithidae) from northeastern Mexico. Zootaxa 5219 (1): 1-48, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5219.1.1
