identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03FCFD5AFF8DFFFDFF56FCD6FAF64262.text	03FCFD5AFF8DFFFDFF56FCD6FAF64262.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metopiinae Forster 1869	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Key to the Indo-Australian genera of  Metopiinae</p>
            <p> 1. Face generally flat, with a large shield-shaped region bounded by a carina (Fig. 1a); mid tibia with one apical spur ...............................................................................................  Metopius Panzer, 1806</p>
            <p>– Face entirely convex, lacking a shield-shaped region bounded by a carina (Fig. 1b); number of mid tibial spurs variable ........................................................................................................................... 2</p>
            <p>2. Metasomal tergites 3–5 without laterotergites (Fig. 2a) ................................................................... 3</p>
            <p>– Metasomal tergites 3–5 with laterotergites (Fig. 2b) ........................................................................ 5</p>
            <p> 3. Areolet present (Fig. 3a); metasoma clavate, fifth and sixth segments much wider than preceding segments (Fig. 3b); mid tibia of male with one spur (Fig. 3c) ..................  Acerataspis Uchida, 1934</p>
            <p>– Areolet absent (Fig. 3d); metasoma parallel sided, fifth and sixth segments not wider than preceding segments (Fig. 3e); mid tibia of male with two spurs (Fig. 3f) ........................................................ 4</p>
            <p> 4. Mesopleuron with sulcus (Fig. 4a); lateral longitudinal carina only present on metasomal tergite 1 and base of second metasomal tergite (Fig. 4b); pronotum with dorsal longitudinal depression (Fig. 4c) .................................................................................................  Chorinaeus Holmgren, 1858</p>
            <p> – Mesopleuron without sulcus (Fig. 4d); lateral longitudinal carina often present on metasomal tergites 1–3 (Fig. 4e); pronotum without dorsal longitudinal depression (Fig. 4f) ......  Trieces Townes, 1946</p>
            <p>5. Interantennal process of face connected dorso-posteriorly to a high lamella separating the antennal sockets, this lamella with a vertical groove in it, just below the median ocellus (Fig. 5a) .............. 6</p>
            <p>– Interantennal process of face not produced dorsally into a lamellate structure separating the antennal sockets, but often present as a low lamella posterior to antennal bases (Fig. 5b) ............................ 7</p>
            <p> 6. First metasomal segment petiolate anteriorly, its spiracle near or posterior to centre (Fig. 6a); sternite 1 long, reaching more than half of length of tergite (Fig. 6b); mandible with teeth subequal (Fig. 6c) ...............................................................................................  Colpotrochia Holmgren, 1856</p>
            <p> – First metasomal segment weakly to quite strongly (and evenly) tapered anteriorly, its spiracle near its anterior ⅓ (Fig. 6d); first metasomal sternite short, at most reaching about ⅓ of length of tergite (Fig. 6e); mandible with lower tooth much shorter than upper tooth (Fig. 6f) ................................... ........................................................................................................................  Triclistus Förster, 1869</p>
            <p> 7. Pronotum with upper part inflated, the pronotal lobes appear as large triangular structures in dorsal view (Fig. 7a); upper tooth of mandible broadly lobate, lower tooth acute and turned upwards (Fig. 7b); interantennal process separated from upper face by a sharp transverse carina (Fig. 7c) .... ..................................................................................................  Stethoncus Townes &amp; Townes, 1959</p>
            <p>– Pronotum with upper part not exceptionally inflated (Fig. 7d); upper tooth of mandible triangular and acutely pointed, the lower tooth generally small and always straight (Fig. 7e); interantennal process never separated from upper face by a carina (Fig. 7f) ......................................................... 8</p>
            <p>8. Areolet present (Fig. 8a) ................................................................................................................... 9</p>
            <p>– Areolet absent (Fig. 8b) ...................................................................................................................11</p>
            <p> 9. Occipital carina entirely absent (Fig. 9a) ............................................  Carria Schmiedeknecht, 1924</p>
            <p>– Occipital carina present at least laterally (Fig. 9b) ......................................................................... 10</p>
            <p> 10. Notaulus present (Fig. 10a); first metasomal tergite distinctly narrowing basally (Fig. 10b) ............ ....................................................................................................................  Sciron Fitton, 1984 (part) </p>
            <p> – Notaulus absent (Fig. 10c); first metasomal tergite broad basally (Fig. 10d) ..................................... ....................................................................................................................  Seticornuta Morely, 1913</p>
            <p>11. Mid tibia with outer spur distinctly shorter than inner spur (Fig. 11a) ........................................... 12</p>
            <p>– Mid tibia with outer spur as long as inner spur (Fig. 11b) .............................................................. 13</p>
            <p> 12. Occiput vertical (Fig. 12a); posterior transverse carina of mesosternum convexly bulging medioposteriorly (Fig. 12b); first metasomal tergite with distinct lateromedian carina often extending 0.8× of tergite (Fig. 12c) ..........................................................................  Hypsicera Latreille, 1829 (part) </p>
            <p> – Occiput rounded to steeply declivous (Fig. 12d); posterior transverse carina of mesosternum straight medio-posteriorly (Fig. 12e); first metasomal tergite without or with lateromedian carina, if present extending 0.5 × of tergite (Fig. 12f) .......................................................  Exochus Gravenhorst, 1829</p>
            <p> 13. Notaulus present (Fig. 13a); first metasomal tergite narrowing basally (Fig. 13b) ............................ ....................................................................................................................  Sciron Fitton, 1984 (part) </p>
            <p>– Notaulus absent (Fig. 13c); first metasomal tergite not narrowing basally (Fig. 13d) ................... 14</p>
            <p> 14. Propodeum without traces of carina (Fig. 14a); first metasomal tergite without carina (Fig. 14b); epicnemial carina largely incomplete or absent dorsolaterally (Fig. 14c) ................  Soliga gen. nov.</p>
            <p>– Propodeum with distinct carina (Fig. 14e); first metasomal tergite with longitudinal carina (Fig. 14f); epicnemial carina complete (Fig. 14d) ........................................................................................... 15</p>
            <p> 15. Propodeum without anterior transverse carina (Fig. 15a); at least anterior ⅓ of second metasomal tergite with distinct longitudinal carina (Fig. 15b) ..........................  Drepanoctonus Pfankuch, 1911</p>
            <p>– Propodeum with anterior transverse carina (Fig. 15c); second metasomal tergite without distinct longitudinal carina (Fig. 15d) ......................................................................................................... 16</p>
            <p> 16. Occiput vertical (Fig. 16a); metasomal tergite 2 with wide laterotergite (Fig. 16b) .......................... ..........................................................................................................  Hypsicera Latreille, 1829 (part) </p>
            <p> – Occiput roundly sloping (Fig. 16c); metasomal tergite 2 with narrow laterotergite (Fig. 16d) ......... ...............................................................................................  Macromalon Townes &amp; Townes, 1959</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FCFD5AFF8DFFFDFF56FCD6FAF64262	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ranjith, A. P.;Priyadarsanan, Dharma Rajan	Ranjith, A. P., Priyadarsanan, Dharma Rajan (2022): A new Darwin wasp genus, Soliga (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Metopiinae), from India. European Journal of Taxonomy 852 (1): 57-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.852.2009, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.852.2009
03FCFD5AFF85FFF8FD7AFEC6FD2A41F2.text	03FCFD5AFF85FFF8FD7AFEC6FD2A41F2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Soliga Ranjith & Priyadarsanan 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Soliga gen. nov.</p>
            <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: AC6052D2-5479-4BC8-8B78-52FBB227F04D</p>
            <p>Figs 14a–c, 17–20</p>
            <p>Type species</p>
            <p> Soliga ecarinata gen. et sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Comparative diagnosis</p>
            <p> The new genus  Soliga gen. nov. is found to be unique in having the following combination of characters; propodeum without carinae, first metasomal tergite without dorsal carinae, midtibial spurs are equal in length and epicnemial carina largely incomplete or absent dorsally. We provisionally place the new genus to the group of four genera (  Sciron ,  Drepanoctonus ,  Hypsicera and  Macromalon ) in having two mid tibial spurs equal in length. Apart from the apomorphic characters, the new genus differs from  Sciron in having mesoscutum without notaulus, first metasomal tergite broad basally, laterotergite 3 narrow basally and ovipositor without subapical dorsal notch.  Soliga differs from  Drepanoctonus in having propodeum without carinae, smooth metapleuron and seventh metasomal tergite distinctly exposed. In addition to this the new genus can be distinguished from  Hypsicera and  Macromalon from the absence of laterotergite on second metasomal segment. Based on the presence of subequal midtibial spurs,  Soliga comes close to  Hypsicera along with other similar characters like absence of fore wing areolet, exposed seventh metasomal tergite and the presence of vertical carina anterior to epicnemial carina. But the new genus differs from the former in having propodeum and first metasomal tergite without carinae and posterior transverse carina of mesosternum straight medio-posteriorly. Even though reduction of epicnemial carina is found in one species of  Exochus (  E. obezus Gauld &amp; Sithole, 2002 ) the new genus can be distinctly separated from  Exochus by following character, midtibial spurs are equal in length (outer spur distinctly shorter than inner spur in  Exochus ). </p>
            <p>Etymology</p>
            <p>The new genus is named after ‘Soligas’, the indigenous tribe inhabiting the forests of Biligiri Rangana Hills and adjoining Male Mahadeshwara Hills of Chamarajnagar district, Karnataka. Largely dependent on the forests for livelihood, Soligas are known for their intimate knowledge about biodiversity and the forests. Recognising their stewardship towards forests and the wildlife, the community Forest rights of Soligas have been legally recognized - a first time inside a Tiger Reserve in India. Now the tiger reserve is co-managed by Soligas and the Karnataka State Forest Department.</p>
            <p>Description</p>
            <p>HEAD. Head wider than long (Fig. 17b). Eyes glabrous (Figs 17a–e, 18a, 19a), slightly emarginated near antennal torulus (Fig. 17b–c). Face convex in lateral view, distinctly setose (Fig. 17a, d–e). Face and clypeus smooth, sparsely setose, upper part of face produced dorso-medially into a triangular projection, not connected dorsally with longitudinal lamella between bases of antennae (although a low, lamella present), lamella not extending posterior to posterior edge of antennal torulus (Fig. 17c). Clypeus transverse, apical margin straight, slightly concave medially (Fig. 17b). Tentorial pit large (Fig. 17b). Malar space as long as basal width of mandible (Fig. 17b). Malar groove slightly impressed (Figs 17b, 18a, 19a). Mandible stout, not twisted with lower tooth distinctly reduced, upper tooth pointed (Figs 17b, 18a). Labrum concealed (Fig. 17b). Maxillary palps with five segments. Labial palps with four segments. Frons slightly elevated medially without median longitudinal groove or carina (Fig. 17c). Temple roundly narrowed behind eye (Fig. 17c). Posterior of head roundly sloping from posterior ocelli to level of occipital carina (Fig. 17e). Occipital carina complete dorsally (Fig. 17c), ventrally absent, not meeting with hypostomal carina (Fig. 19a). Antenna with flagellomeres longer than wide. Terminal flagellomere acuminate (Fig. 17a).</p>
            <p>MESOSOMA. Mesosoma longer than high, not distinctly depressed (Fig. 17a, e). Propleuron not inflated laterally (Figs 17a, d–e, 19a). Epomia moderately strong, not meeting with dorsal edge of pronotum (Figs 17a, d–e, 19a). Mesoscutum without notauli except for a pair of large pit anteriorly (Fig. 17f). Scuto-scutellar sulcus smooth without crenulations (Fig. 17f). Scutellum without lateral carina (Fig. 17f). Mesopleuron inflated medially (Figs 17a, d–e, 19a). Epicnemial carina largely incomplete or absent laterally, extending just dorsal to ventral edge of pronotum (Figs 17a, d–e, 19a), present ventrally (Fig. 18a). Epicnemium with a short carina anterior to epicnemial carina (Figs 17a, d–e, 19a). Sternaulus absent (Figs 17a, d–e, 19a). Mesopleural groove not impressed (Figs 17a, d–e, 19a). Mesosternum without posterior transverse carina, at most medioventrally produced into a distinct flange (Figs 17a, d–e, 19a). Mesosternum with posterior transverse carina absent both medially and laterally, submedially with posteriorly protruding, triangular projections (Fig. 18a). Propodeum smooth without trace of carinae (Fig. 18b). Pleural carina present (Fig. 17a, d–e). Metapleuron with distinct metapleural flange (Fig. 17d). Juxtacoxal carina absent (Fig. 17d). Submetapleural carina complete, strongly raised anteriorly to a distinct large lobe (Fig. 17d).</p>
            <p>WINGS. Fore wing without areolet (Fig. 18d). Vein 1cu-a strongly inclivous and distad M&amp;RS (Fig. 18d). Vein 2rs-m distinctly shorter than vein M between 2rs-m and 2m-cu veins (Fig. 18d). Vein 2m-cu more or less straight (Fig. 18d). Hind wing with distal abscissa of CU distinct (Fig. 18d).</p>
            <p>LEGS. Robust, all femora thickened (Fig. 17a). Fore tarsomeres 2–4 transverse (Fig. 18a). Fore tibia without apical tooth (Fig. 18a). Fore and mid trochanter undifferentiated (Fig. 18a). Hind and mid tibiae with two spurs (Fig. 18a, c). Mid tibial spurs equal (Fig. 18c). Outer spur of hind tibia shorter than inner spur (Fig. 18c). Apical tarsomeres without hooked lobe on inner side. Claws simple (Figs 18a, 19b).</p>
            <p>METASOMA. Metasoma with seven visible tergites (Figs 17a, 18e). Metasomal tergites 1 and 2 separated (Fig. 18f). Metasomal tergite 1 slightly longer than posteriorly wide, broad posteriorly with lateral carina, dorsal and midlongitudinal carina absent (Fig. 18f). Second metasomal tergite without longitudinal carina (Fig. 18f). Metasomal tergites 2–7 wider than long (Fig. 18f). Metasomal tergites 3–5 with distinct laterotergites (Figs 18e, 19b). Laterotergite of metasomal tergite 2 narrow. Laterotergite of metasomal tergite 3 narrow basally broadly widened and rounded apically (Fig. 19b). Laterotergites 3–4 separated by a sharp crease (Fig. 19b). Laterotergite 5 not separated by crease (Fig. 19b). Metasomal tergite 7–8 distinctly exposed in male and female (Figs 17a, 18e). Metasomal sternites moderately sclerotized (Fig. 19b). Female subgenital plate straight apically in lateral view (Figs 17a, 18e), not incised ventrally. Ovipositor sheath exerted (Figs 17a, 18e). Ovipositor short without subapical notch (Figs 17a, 18e).</p>
            <p>MALE GENITALIA. Paramere straight basally, separated in dorsal view (Fig. 20a–b). Paramere semicircularly incised apically forming pointed lobes, with long setae medio-laterally rest glabrous (Fig. 20a–b). Outer margin of paramere straight posterior half, diagonally narrowing anterior half (Fig. 20a–b). Inner margin of paramere not folded over, concave submedially, straight posterior half (Fig. 20a–b). Basal ring dorsally complete, angulate ventro-laterally, straight medially (Fig. 20a–b). Apodeme slightly longer than aedaegus (Fig. 20a–b).</p>
            <p>Biology</p>
            <p>Unknown.</p>
            <p>Distribution</p>
            <p>India (Karnataka and Nagaland) (Fig. 21).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FCFD5AFF85FFF8FD7AFEC6FD2A41F2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ranjith, A. P.;Priyadarsanan, Dharma Rajan	Ranjith, A. P., Priyadarsanan, Dharma Rajan (2022): A new Darwin wasp genus, Soliga (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Metopiinae), from India. European Journal of Taxonomy 852 (1): 57-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.852.2009, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.852.2009
03FCFD5AFF83FFFBFDB0F91DFDBF420C.text	03FCFD5AFF83FFFBFDB0F91DFDBF420C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Soliga ecarinata Ranjith & Priyadarsanan 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Soliga ecarinata gen. et sp. nov.</p>
            <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 77A6FF3E-CB0A-4059-858B-0B02765DFDC3</p>
            <p>Figs 14a–c, 17–21</p>
            <p>Etymology</p>
            <p>The new species is named accordingly, denoting the absence of propodeal carinae, and carinae on metasomal tergites.</p>
            <p>Material examined</p>
            <p> Holotype INDIA • ♀; Karnataka, Chamarajanagar, Biligiri Ranga Hill Wild Life Sanctuary; 12°00.345′ N, 77°07.526′ E; 976 m a.s.l.; 20 Oct.–21 Nov. 2005; D.R. Priyadarsanan leg.; Malaise trap; dry deciduous forest; AIMB.</p>
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                  Paratypes INDIA – Nagaland • 1 ♀; Phek,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 94.40832/lat 25.889889)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=94.40832&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.889889">Zapami Village</a>
                 , 25°53.3933′ N, 94°24.4991′ E; 18–21 Mar. 2021; A.P. Ranjith leg.; Malaise trap; AIMB  . –  Karnataka • 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; AIMB •   1 ♀, 1 ♂; Chamarajanagar, Biligiri Ranga Hill Wild Life Sanctuary,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.18725/lat 11.90605)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.18725&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=11.90605">Gombekallu</a>
                 ; 11°54.363′ N, 77°11.235′ E; 3 Apr.–16 May 2005; D.R. Priyadarsanan leg.; Malaise trap; evergreen forests; AIMB  . 
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            <p>Description</p>
            <p>Female (holotype)</p>
            <p>MEASUREMENTS. Body length 4.0 mm, fore wing length 3.0 mm.</p>
            <p>HEAD. Head 1.3× as wide as long in anterior view, 1.6× as wide as long in dorsal view. Face 1.1 × as long as wide. Face and clypeus not separated by transverse groove (Fig. 17b). Clypeus 2.2× as wide as long, sparsely setose (Fig. 17b). Mandible sparsely setose (Figs 17b, 18a). Malar groove incomplete (Figs 17b, 18a, 19a). Maxillary and labial palps short and stout (Fig. 18a). Temple 0.75 × as long as transverse diameter of eye in lateral view. Frons and vertex smooth, sparsely setose (Fig. 17c). Ratio of OOL: diameter of posterior ocellus: POL = 11: 11: 12. Antenna with 29 flagellomeres (Fig. 17a). First flagellomere 1.4× as long as second, 2.0 × as long as wide. Second flagellomere 1.4× as long as wide. Terminal flagellomere 3.0× as long as wide.</p>
            <p>MESOSOMA. Mesosoma 1.5× as long as high. Pronotum medio-dorsally smooth (Fig. 17f), glabrous, laterally concave (Fig. 17a, d–e). Mesoscutum as long as wide, smooth, sparsely setose (Fig. 17f). Scutellum 0.7 × as long as wide basally, smooth, sparsely setose (Fig. 17f). Propodeum smooth, sparsely setose (Fig. 18b). Mesopleuron smooth, sparsely setose (Figs 17a, d–e, 19a). Metapleuron smooth mostly glabrous (Fig. 17d). Pleural carina bend downwards bordering anterior transverse groove (Figs 17a, d–e, 19a).</p>
            <p>METASOMA. Metasomal tergites smooth and polished, distantly punctate, sparsely setose (Figs 17a, 18e–f). First metasomal tergite 1.1× as long as apical width. Second metasomal tergite 0.7× as long as apically wide. Third metasomal tergite 0.6× as long as apically wide. Subgenital plate smooth, setose (Figs 18e, 19b). Ovipositor sheath setose (Fig. 18e).</p>
            <p>COLOUR. Body (generally) yellow, eye grey; flagellomeres, scape and pedicel laterally, tip of mandible, pterostigma, wing venation, tarsal claws, metasomal sternites, laterotergites, ovipositor sheath brown; ocellar region, occiput laterally and medially with black patches; pronotum dorsally with black transverse band; mesoscutum with medial and lateral longitudinal black bands, with black margin laterally and anteriorly; scutoscutellar groove black; mesopleuron with black band anteriorly and medio-posteriorly; metapleuron with black band anteriorly; propodeum with black transverse band basally and broad longitudinal band medially; first and second metasomal tergites black except apical yellowish band, third metasomal tergite with a pair of sublateral broad spots basally, fourth metasomal tergite with black spots baso-laterally, fifth and sixth metasomal tergites with black spots baso-laterally; first and second metasomal tergite apically, metasomal tergites 3–6 except baso-laterally reddish brown.</p>
            <p>Male</p>
            <p>Same as female.</p>
            <p>Biology</p>
            <p>Unknown.</p>
            <p>Distribution</p>
            <p>India (Karnataka and Nagaland).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FCFD5AFF83FFFBFDB0F91DFDBF420C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ranjith, A. P.;Priyadarsanan, Dharma Rajan	Ranjith, A. P., Priyadarsanan, Dharma Rajan (2022): A new Darwin wasp genus, Soliga (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Metopiinae), from India. European Journal of Taxonomy 852 (1): 57-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.852.2009, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.852.2009
