identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03C1C014FFC20314559DFF5AFD64CE9E.text	03C1C014FFC20314559DFF5AFD64CE9E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Opuntia megacantha Salm-Dyck 1834	<div><p>Opuntia megacantha Salm-Dyck (1834: 363)</p> <p>Neotype (designated by Scheinvar et al. 2010: 278): — MEXICO. Hidalgo, Villa de Tezontepec, 25 February 2009, Martínez-González &amp; Scheinvar 7632 (MEXU!).</p> <p>Description:— Arborescent habit, 2.0– 2.2 m high (Fig. 3A). Defined trunk of 30 cm in diameter, grayish scaly bark (Fig. 3B). Glabrous epidermis (Fig. 6C). Elliptical to oval cladodes, 28–35 cm long × 18–28 cm wide and 2–3 cm thick, green in color, covered with a light layer of wax (Fig. 4A). Areolas arranged in 8–9 series, 2.4 cm spacing between series, 2.2 cm spacing between areolas, elliptical shape, 0.3 × 0.2 cm, short black trichomes (Fig. 4B). Very short brown glochids (0.1 cm). 1–7 flexible, radial and diffuse white spines, yellowish apex, conical rigid central spines, some twisted, erect, diffuse and radial, unequal of 0.4–2.6 cm long (Fig. 4C). Juvenile cladodes with prominent tubers, areolas with short brown to black trichomes, reddish bristel hairs, green erect subulate leaves, with reddish uncinate apex, white spines with reddish apex (Fig. 3C). Acute flower buds, green perianth segments with reddish acuminate apex, obovate to elliptical pericarpel, slightly elevated tubers, areolas with short light brown trichomes, brown glochids and yellow bristle areolas (Fig. 4D and 4E). Yellow flowers (Fig. 4F), 6.0–7.0 cm long, turbinate pericarp, ca. 3.2 × 2.6 cm, areolas arranged in 4–5 series, 0. 6 cm spacing between each other, with crass basal scale, oblanceolated outer segments of perianth, mucroned apex, smooth, yellow edges, with medium green striation, oblanceolated inner segments, emarginated apex, yellow, slightly toothed upper edges, stamens 1/3 of the length of the perianth, white filaments with yellowish tones, yellow anthers, white cuneiform style, ca. 1.9 cm long, usually ten green papillary lobes of the stigma, ca. 0.6 cm long, with medium white striation (Fig. 3D). Elliptical to obovate (Fig. 5B), red fruits, 5.1–7.0 cm long, striated and slightly sunken floral scar, large, circular areolas (Fig. 5C), arranged in 6–7 series, 1 cm spacing from each other and 1 cm between series, long black trichomes, absent spines, brown glochids, sweet and juicy red funicles (Fig. 5D). Kidney shaped seed with irregular lateral aril, lateral yellow-micropillar region, micropiles and funicles included (Fig. 5F).</p> <p>Micromorphology:— Thornswith lignified epidermal cells 140.51 ± 3.1 × 36.32 ± 2.3 μm in the distal part (Fig. 6B), 94.97 ± 1.50 × 18.20 ± 2.40 μm, non-continuous epidermal cells with fissures between cells and smooth texture, in the middle part (Fig. 6B). Glabrous epidermis, irregular epidermal cells (Fig. 6C) and tetracytic stomas (Fig. 6D). Polyhedron-shaped pollen grain, pantoaperturate (Fig. 6E), 102.08 ± 1.90 μm in diameter, 8050.69 μm ² in area, 16.27 ± 1.80 μm distance between each distal opening (pores), with a diameter of 22.21 ± 1.50 μm, 20–22 pores with walls of 1.15 ± 2.00 μm width and wart (Fig. 6F).</p> <p>Vernacular names:— Sangrita (e.g., Reyes-Aguëro et al. 2009).</p> <p>Phenology:— Opuntia megacantha blooms from March–April, whereas fruiting time if June–July.</p> <p>Habitat and distribution:— Opuntia megacantha is species endemic to Mexico, it is known in the states of Aguascalientes, Coahuila, Durango, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Oaxaca, Querétaro, San Luis Potosí, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala and Zacatecas (see e.g., Guzmán et al. 2003, Scheinvar et al. 2010, Hernández et al. 2014) (Fig. 2). It grows in xerophytic scrub (Rzedowski 1978).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C1C014FFC20314559DFF5AFD64CE9E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Martínez-González, César Ramiro;Gallegos-Vázquez, Clemente;Mascorro- Gallardo, José O.;Barrientos-Priego, Alejandro F.	Martínez-González, César Ramiro, Gallegos-Vázquez, Clemente, Mascorro- Gallardo, José O., Barrientos-Priego, Alejandro F. (2022): Molecular and morphological notes on Opuntia ser. Streptacanthae (Cactaceae). Phytotaxa 576 (1): 1-28, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.576.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN
03C1C014FFCC0317559DFB78FF73CDB0.text	03C1C014FFCC0317559DFB78FF73CDB0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Opuntia lasiacantha Pfeiffer 1837	<div><p>Opuntia lasiacantha Pfeiffer (1837: 160)</p> <p>Neotype (designated by Scheinvar et al. 2010: 280): — MEXICO. Guanajuato, San Luis de la Paz, 25 May 1999, Reyes-Agüero &amp; Carlín 1857 (MEXU!).</p> <p>Description:— Arborescent habit, 2.0–3.0 m high (Fig. 7A). Defined trunk of 50 cm in diameter, slightly grayish scaly bark with light brown tones (Fig. 7B). Glabrous epidermis (Fig. 10C). Oblanceolate to obovate cladodes, 45–62 cm long x 24–29 cm wide, green in color, covered with a layer of wax (Fig. 8A). Areolas arranged in 11–12 series, 3.8 cm spacing between series, 3.1 cm spacing between elliptical areolas, 0.4 × 0.3 cm, short black trichomes (Fig. 8B). Short yellow glochids (0.2 cm), arranged at the top of the areola. 1–4 yellowish white, rigid, cylindrical spines, some twisted, erect, and diffuse, unequal 0.4–3.3 cm long (Fig. 8C) with yellow apex. Juvenile cladodes with very prominent tubers, areolas with short yellowish trichomes, subulate, erect, green leaves with slightly uncinate reddish apex (Fig. 7C). Acute flower buds, reddish perianth segments with acuminate apex, slightly cylindrical pericarpel, very marked and elevated tubers, areolas with short brown to black trichomes, yellow glochids and areolas with generally yellow bristles and small brown shades (Fig. 8D and 8E). Yellow flowers (Fig. 8F), 9–10.5 cm long, cylindrical pericarp, ca. 6.0 × 2.5 cm, areolas arranged in 6–7 series, 0.42 cm spacing between them, with crass basal scale, outer obovate segments of perianth, acuminate apex, smooth yellow edges, with medium reddish striation, reddish apex, inner obovate segments, emarginated apex, upper yellow edges generally smooth, stamens 1/3 of the length of the perianth, white filaments, white-yellowish anthers, slightly cylindrical style with white with pink tones, ca. 2 cm long, usually eleven green papillary lobes of the stigma, ca. 0.6 cm long (Fig. 9B). Pyriform to elliptical red fruits (Figure 9C), 8.0– 9.3 cm long, slightly sunken floral striated scar, large areolas with short, black, semicircular to circular trichomes (Fig. 9E), arranged in 6–7 series, 1.2 cm spacing from each other and 1.4 cm between series, absent spines, yellow glochids, orange-red juicy and sweet funicles (Fig. 9D). Kidney shaped seed with irregular lateral aril, lateral thread-micropillar region, microphile and funiculus included (Fig. 9F).</p> <p>Micromorphology:— Thornswith lignified epidermal cells 12.72 ± 1.4 × 3.95 ± 2.3 μm in the distal part (Fig. 10B), 75.11 ± 1.10 × 8.89 ± 1.7 μm, continuous epidermal cells and rough texture, in the middle part (Fig. 10A). Glabrous epidermis, irregular epidermal cells (Fig. 10C) and paracytic stomas (Fig. 10D). Polyhedron-shaped pollen grain, pantoaperturate (Fig. 10E), 105.10 ± 1.50 μm in diameter, 8327.73 μm ² in area, 15.30 ± 1.1 μm distance between each distal opening (pores), with a diameter of 20.15 ± 1.50 μm, 16–18 pores with walls of 2.46 ± 0.04 μm width and wart (Fig. 10F).</p> <p>Vernacular names:— Nopal de tuna colorada, Nopal de espinas lacias and Nopal de cerro (see e.g., Anderson 2001, Scheinvar 2004).</p> <p>Phenology:— Opuntia lasiacantha blooms from March–April, whereas fruiting time if June–July.</p> <p>Habitat and distribution:— Endemic to Mexico, it is known in the states of Aguascalientes, Chiapas, Ciudad de México, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, México, Michoacán, Oaxaca, Puebla, Querétaro, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz and Zacatecas (see e.g., Arias et al. 1997, Guzmán et al. 2003, Scheinvar 2004, Scheinvar et al. 2010, Arias et al. 2012, Hernández et al. 2014) (Fig. 2). It grows in xerophytic scrub (Rzedowski 1978).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C1C014FFCC0317559DFB78FF73CDB0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Martínez-González, César Ramiro;Gallegos-Vázquez, Clemente;Mascorro- Gallardo, José O.;Barrientos-Priego, Alejandro F.	Martínez-González, César Ramiro, Gallegos-Vázquez, Clemente, Mascorro- Gallardo, José O., Barrientos-Priego, Alejandro F. (2022): Molecular and morphological notes on Opuntia ser. Streptacanthae (Cactaceae). Phytotaxa 576 (1): 1-28, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.576.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN
03C1C014FFCF030E559DF81AFDBFC211.text	03C1C014FFCF030E559DF81AFDBFC211.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Opuntia streptacantha Lemaire 1839	<div><p>Opuntia streptacantha Lemaire (1839: 62)</p> <p>Neotype (designated by Scheinvar et al. 2010: 283): — MEXICO. Hidalgo, Zempoala, east of Téllez basis of El Cerrito, 23 March 1973, Scheinvar &amp; Ahuatzin 2024 (MEXU!).</p> <p>= Opuntia streptacantha subsp. aguirriana Scheinvar &amp; Rodríguez (2003: 304).</p> <p>Description:— Plant 2.0–3.0 m high tree (Fig. 11A). Defined trunk of 60 cm in diameter, grayish scaly bark with black shades (Fig. 11B). Glabrous epidermis (Fig. 14C). Oval cladodes, 32–40 cm long × 23–35 cm wide and 2–3 cm thick, green in color, covered with a very light layer of wax (Fig. 12A). Areolas arranged in 10–11 series, 3 cm spacing between series, 2.1 cm spaing between elliptical areolas of 0.4 × 0.3 cm, short black trichomes (Fig. 12B). Very small and scarce yellow gloquids, arranged at the top of the areola. 0–8 white spines with gray and black tones, flexible, acicular, some slightly twisted, adpressed and diffuse, very few erect, unequal of 0.2–2.2 cm long, yellowish apex, in the lower part of the cladode some areolas do not have spines (Fig. 12C). Juvenile cladodes with prominent tubers, areolas with short brown to black trichomes, some white bristel hairs with reddish tones, subulate, erect, green leaves, with uncinate slightly reddish apex, white spines with reddish apex (Fig. 11C). Acute flower buds, green perianth segments with reddish acuminate apex, elliptic pericarpel, slightly raised tubers, areolas with short black trichomes, brown glochids and brown bristle areolas (Fig. 12D and 12E). Yellow flowers (Fig. 12F), 5.5–6.1 cm long, elliptical pericarp, ca. 3.2 × 2.0 cm, areolas arranged in 4–5 series, 0.62 cm spacing between them, outer segments of perianth with spatulate shape, rounded apex, smooth yellow edges, with medium greenish striation, reddish apex, oblanceolated inner segments, emarginated apex, yellow, smooth upper edges, stamens 1/3 of the length of the perianth, yellow filaments, yellow anthers, white, cuneiform style, ca. 2.3 cm long, usually nine green papillary lobes of stigma, ca. 0.4 cm long, with medium white striation (Fig. 13B). Red elliptical to obovate fruits (Fig. 13C), 4–6 cm long, slightly sunken striated floral scar, circular to elliptical large areolas (Fig. 13E), arranged in 6–7 series, 1.1 cm spacing from each other and 1 cm between series, long black trichomes, some spines, yellow glochids, red juicy and sweet funicles (Fig. 13D). Discoid seed with irregular lateral aril, lateral thread-micropillar region, microphile and funiculus included (Fig. 13F).</p> <p>Micromorphology:— Thornswith lignified epidermal cells 13.38 ± 1.90 × 3.59 ± 1.3 μm in the distal part (Fig. 14B), 114.01 ± 1.10 × 12.79 ± 1.20 μm, non-continuous epidermal cells with fissures between cells and smooth texture, in the middle part (Fig. 14A). Glabrous epidermis, irregular epidermal cells (Fig. 14C) and cyclocytic stomas (Fig. 14D). Polyhedron-shaped pollen grain, pantoaperturate (Fig. 14E), 114.64 ± 1.90 μm in diameter, 9219.1 μm ² in area, 13.89 ± 2.10 μm distance between each distal opening (pores), with a diameter of 21.49 ± 1.50 μm, 22–24 pores with walls of 2.43 ± 0.04 μm width and wart (Fig. 14F).</p> <p>Vernacular names:— Nopal cardón, Tuna cardona and Nopal hartón (see e.g., Bravo-Hollis 1978, Scheinvar 2004).</p> <p>Phenology:— Opuntia streptacantha blooms from March–April, whereas fruiting time if June–July.</p> <p>Habitat and distribution:— Endemic to Mexico, it is known in the states of Aguascalientes, Chihuahua, Ciudad de México, Coahuila, Durango, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Jalisco, México, Michoacán, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, Querétaro, San Luis Potosí, Tlaxcala, Veracruz and Zacatecas (see e.g., Arias et al. 1997, Guzmán et al. 2003, Scheinvar 2004, Scheinvar et al. 2010, Arias et al. 2012, Hernández et al. 2014) (Fig. 2). It grows in xerophytic scrub and tropical deciduous forest (Rzedowski 1978).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C1C014FFCF030E559DF81AFDBFC211	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Martínez-González, César Ramiro;Gallegos-Vázquez, Clemente;Mascorro- Gallardo, José O.;Barrientos-Priego, Alejandro F.	Martínez-González, César Ramiro, Gallegos-Vázquez, Clemente, Mascorro- Gallardo, José O., Barrientos-Priego, Alejandro F. (2022): Molecular and morphological notes on Opuntia ser. Streptacanthae (Cactaceae). Phytotaxa 576 (1): 1-28, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.576.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN
03C1C014FFD7030A559DF9EEFCA0C21C.text	03C1C014FFD7030A559DF9EEFCA0C21C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Opuntia hyptiacantha F. A. C. Weber 1898	<div><p>Opuntia hyptiacantha F.A.C. Weber (1898: 894)</p> <p>Neotype (designated by Scheinvar et al. 2010: 287): — MEXICO. San Luis Potosí, 13 Km northwest of San Luis Potosí, 01 May 1973, Sánchez-Mejorada 1734 (MEXU!).</p> <p>Description:— Plant 2.0– 2.5 m high tree (Fig. 15A). Defined trunk, 35 cm in diameter, slightly grayish scaly bark with light brown tones (Fig. 15B). Glabrous epidermis (Fig. 18C). Elliptical to oval cladodes, 32–40 cm long x 14–24 cm wide and 2–3 cm thick, green in color, covered with a light layer of wax (Fig. 16A). Areolas arranged in 12–13 series, 3.6 cm spacing between series, 3.4 cm spacing between elliptical areolas, 0.4 × 0.3 cm, short black trichomes, (Fig. 16B). Very small and scarce yellow glochids, arranged at the top of the areola. 0–9 white spines, yellowish apex, rigid, generally erect and diffuse, some of which are generally adpressed at the edge, unequal in length, 0.3–2.1 cm, the lower part of the cladode has no spines (Fig. 16C). Juvenile cladodes with prominent tubers, areolas with short brown to black trichomes, some reddish white bristle hairs, erect subulate green leaves, with reddish apex (Fig. 15C). Acute flower buds, reddish perianth segments with accumulated apex, elliptical pericarpel, slightly elevated tubers, areolas with short brown trichomes, brown glochids and areolas with brown bristles (Fig. 16D and 16E). Yellow flowers (Fig. 16F), 6.0–7.0 cm long, elliptical pericarp, ca. 3.4 × 2.3 cm, areolas arranged in 5–6 series, 0.66 cm spacing between them, with crass basal scale, outer segments of the perianth with obovate form, mucroned apex, smooth yellow edges, with medium greenish striation, reddish apex, oblanceolated inner segments, emarginated apex, yellow with reddish apical part, upper edges slightly dentate, stamens 1/3 of the length of the perianth, reddish and yellow filaments, yellow anthers, cuneiform style, ca. 1.9 cm long, light green, usually eight green papillary lobes of stigma, ca. 0.5 cm long, with medium white pink striation (Fig. 17B). Red elliptical fruits (Fig. 17C), 5.0– 6.5 cm long, sunken floral striated scar, large and circular to elliptical areolas, (Fig. 17E), arranged in 4–5 series, 1 cm spacing from each other and 0.7 cm between series, long black trichomes, some spines, short yellow glochids, juicy and sweet pink red funicles (Fig. 17D). Lenticular seed with irregular lateral aril, lateral trhead-micropilar region, micropilum and funiculus included (Fig. 17F).</p> <p>Micromorphology:— Thornswith lignified epidermal cells 98.35 ± 1.40 × 23.64 ± 1.10 μm in the distal part (Fig. 18B), 61.22 ± 1.30 × 12.04 ± 1.40 μm, continuous epidermal cells and rough texture, in the middle part (Fig. 18A). Glabrous epidermis, irregular epidermal cells (Fig. 18C) and paracytic stomas (Fig. 18D). Polyhedron-shaped pollen grain hexagonal, pantoaperturate (Fig. 18E), 111.16 ± 1.40 μm in diameter, 8432.28 μm ² in area, 10.10 ± 1.90 μm distance between each distal opening (pores), with a diameter of 22.50 ± 1.50 μm, 15–17 pores with walls of 1.85 ± 0.14 μm width and wart (Fig. 18F).</p> <p>Vernacular names:— Nopal cascarón, tuna mansa, tuna corriente and Tuna chaveña (see e.g., Bravo-Hollis 1978, Anderson 2001, Scheinvar 2004).</p> <p>Phenology:— Opuntia hyptiacantha blooms from March–April, whereas fruiting time if June–July.</p> <p>Habitat and distribution:— Endemic to Mexico, it is known in the states of Aguascalientes, Ciudad de México, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Jalisco, México, Oaxaca, Puebla, Querétaro, San Luis Potosí, Tlaxcala and Zacatecas (see e.g., Arias et al. 1997, Guzmán et al. 2003, Scheinvar 2004, Scheinvar et al. 2010, Arias et al. 2012, Hernández et al. 2014) (Fig. 2). It grows in xerophytic scrub (Rzedowski 1978).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C1C014FFD7030A559DF9EEFCA0C21C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Martínez-González, César Ramiro;Gallegos-Vázquez, Clemente;Mascorro- Gallardo, José O.;Barrientos-Priego, Alejandro F.	Martínez-González, César Ramiro, Gallegos-Vázquez, Clemente, Mascorro- Gallardo, José O., Barrientos-Priego, Alejandro F. (2022): Molecular and morphological notes on Opuntia ser. Streptacanthae (Cactaceae). Phytotaxa 576 (1): 1-28, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.576.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN
