identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
E895B11C31B25FCABE7351034F7FE5FD.text	E895B11C31B25FCABE7351034F7FE5FD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alboglossiphonia afroalpina Jueg 2023	<div><p>Alboglossiphonia afroalpina Jueg sp. nov.</p><p>Material.</p><p>In addition to the holotype from Mt. Kenya, there were 20 specimens from the  Mt. Elgon massif in Kenya, on the border with Uganda, which were collected in 1953 (Sciacchitano 1960). They turned out to belong to the species described here. In Sciacchitano (1960) these animals were named  Glossiphonia disjuncta .</p><p>Holotype: 1 specimen collected on February 20th of 2010 from Kenya, Mt. Kenya national park  Nanyuki Tarn, 4,493 m above sea level, leg. Dr. Ulrich  Bößneck; body length 6.0 mm, maximum width 1.6 mm; deposited at the Zoological Museum of Hamburg (Germany), Coll. - No.: ZMH P-30427 (specimen 1 in Table 1).</p><p>Additional material.</p><p>1 specimen collected  December of 1953 from Kenya, Mt.-Elgon-Massif near  Kitale, 3,850 m above sea level; leg. Dr. J. Bouillon (Sciacchitano 1960 as  Glossiphonia disjuncta); deposited at the Royal Museum of Central Africa in Tervuren (Belgium), Coll. - No.: 29878 (specimen 2 in Table 1)  .</p><p>19 specimens collected December 11th, 1953 from Kenya, Mt.-Elgon-Massif near  Kitale, east-northeast from the previous location, 3,000 m above sea level; leg. Dr. J. Bouillon (Sciacchitano 1960 as  Glossiphonia disjuncta); deposited at the Royal Museum of Central Africa in Tervuren (Belgium), Coll. - No.: 29868-29877 (specimens 3-21 in Table 1)  .</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>Kenya, Central Kenya Province, Naro Moru, Mt. Kenya National Park north of the Teleki Valley, Nanyuki Tarn (mountain lake) (Fig. 1), 0.15493°S, 37.29793°E, 4,493 m above sea level, February 20th, 2010, leg. Dr. Ulrich  Bößneck .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Alboglossiphonia species up to 10.5 mm long and up to 2.2 mm wide; very elongated shape for the genus; almost circular suckers with thick walls, caudal sucker small (about 1/3 of the maximum body width); ground color unknown, numerous small roundish to oblong spots dorsally and less numerous ventrally (only species of the genus with this character); smooth surface, no prominent tubercles or papillae; eye position typical of the species, but with high variability; separation of the small and poorly visible gonopores by two annuli; internal anatomy unknown.</p><p>Description.</p><p>The external morphology (number and position of eyes, annulation, colouration, papillation, suckers and the position of genital pores, size) was examined for the holotype and another 20 specimens. The internal morphology was not investigated (see above).</p><p>Body form and size. The body is oblong with a length of 10.5 mm. The maximum width in the second half of the body is 2.2 mm. The body is approx. 0.6 mm wide both at the beginning of the head area and at the base of the rear suction cup. Dorsum is slightly curved, ventral flat. The approx. 0.5 mm long head area is set off by a neck furrow. The hind edge of the animal is strongly concave dorsally, so that part of the posterior sucker is exposed. In egg-carrying specimens, a ventral bell-like bulge was observed to protect the clutch, as is typical for this genus.</p><p>Annulation. 69 annuli were counted. The first six annuli are in the head area. All annuli have the same width.</p><p>Suckers and mouth. The cranial sucker is rounded to slightly crosswise: 0.48 mm in length and 0.53 mm in width (max. 0.62 mm and 0.65 mm). The edge is thickened on all sides and resembles a tire. There is a relatively large mouth opening in the center of the deep, bowl-shaped cranial sucker (Fig. 7). It is triangular, with the lower edge being slightly convex and the other two sides being slightly concave. The caudal sucker is almost circular with 0.56 mm length and 0.61 mm width (max. 0.75 and 0.85 mm). The width of the caudal sucker is on average about one third of the maximum body width. The caudal sucker is only very deep in the middle, the edges are reinforced like a ring like the cranial sucker.</p><p>Colour and pattern. In life, the basic color is probably light brown to beige, and clearly lighter on the ventral side. The spotting on the dorsal side is very characteristic, consisting of elongated to rounded spots that are only slightly darker than the basic color (Fig. 8). The animals from the Elgon Mountains have more rounded spots. There are 8-12 (up to 15) such spots on each annulus. The patches often touch the annulus in front of it, but rarely extend beyond it. Altogether they give a diffuse pattern on the whole dorsal side, beginning behind the eyes up to the posterior sucker. The head area and suction cups are free of pigment. The spots are weaker on the anterior half of the body than on the posterior half. Sometimes interrupted longitudinal rows or rows of different lengths are indicated, which have a higher concentration of spots on the sides of the body. There are also spots ventrally, but fewer and weaker, which are connected to indistinct lines at the edges.</p><p>Papillae and tubercles. The entire body is smooth. There are no tubercles or prominent papillae. Only tiny, evenly spaced, sensory papillae are visible at high magnification. These are present on each annulus as a transverse row.</p><p>Eyes. The eyes are typically formed for the genus  Alboglossiphonia, with a high degree of variability in arrangement and partial reduction of the eyes (Fig. 9). However, this is not unusual for the genus (Oosthuizen 1978a, b; Jueg 2008). The first pair of eyes is at the anterior edge of the 4th annulus, the second at the posterior of the same. The third pair of eyes is on the 5th annulus. The 2nd and 3rd pair of eyes are about the same size, and the left and right eyes of each pair are very close together, and sometimes longitudinally fused. The first pair of eyes, which is significantly smaller, is much closer together. The third pair of eyes are slightly further apart than the second. Shifts in position can affect all eyes, with a strikingly high level of variability.</p><p>Gonopores. Both gonopores are very small and inconspicuous. They each lie in a furrow and are separated by two annuli. The furrows appear somewhat darker in the area of the gonopores and have the shape of a black slit (Fig. 10). The gonopores can already be seen in small animals from about 5 mm in length.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The newly described species is named after its occurrence in the Afroalpine zone of the East African mountain massifs Mt. Kenya and Mt. Elgon.</p><p>Differential diagnosis.</p><p>The affiliation to the genus  Alboglossiphonia results from the position of the eyes and the distance between the gonopores. Eleven species are known from Africa, only six of these from south of the Sahara (including this and  Alboglossiphonia buniana sp. nov.). Internal features (e.g. the number and shape of the crop caeca) cannot be used for differentiation, but some very constant features such as the spacing of the gonopores, the shape and size of the suckers, the structure of the surface or the formation of spots and patterns distinguish among these species.</p><p>The gonopores of the species  Alboglossiphonia afroalpina sp. nov. have a spacing of 2 annuli, differing from  A. conjugata (Oosthuizen, 1978) and  A. disuqi El-Shimy, 1990, where the spacing is only 1 annulus, and from  A. hyalina, which has only one common gonopore.  Alboglossiphonia conjugata and  A. disuqi also have papillae and warts as well as rows of spots. The location of the gonopores of  Alboglossiphonia afroalpina is identical with following species:  A. disjuncta (Moore, 1939),  A. iberica Jueg, 2008,  A. levis Gouda, 2010,  A. macrorhyncha (Oosthuizen, 1978),  A. namaquaensis (Augener, 1936) and  A. polypompholyx Oosthuizen, Hussein &amp; El-Shimy, 1988. The presence of warts and prominent papillae clearly distinguish  Alboglossiphonia disjuncta,  A. macrorhyncha and  A. polypompholyx from  A. afroalpina sp. nov.  Alboglossiphonia afroalpina does not have a transparent margin like that of  A. iberica and  A. namaquaensis .  Alboglossiphonia afroalpina sp. nov. can be separated from all other species of the genus by its clearly elongated shape, which can only rarely be described as slightly oval, and by the distinctive spotting. Only  Alboglossiphonia polypompholyx has a comparable body shape, but it is clearly covered with warts. The color pattern is unique for the genus worldwide.</p><p>The geographic and habitat distribution distinguish  Alboglossiphonia afroalpina as a new species. The occurrence in water bodies in the alpine zone of the East African mountain massifs is unique to  A. afroalpina .</p><p>Ecology.</p><p>The mountain lake Nanyuki Tarn on Mt. Kenya (Fig. 1) has flat, stony shores, with localized boggy areas. From a depth of about 0.3 m, the sediment becomes muddy. Nevertheless, the Nanyuki Tarn has high visibility. Submerged vegetation is only sparsely developed. The accompanying fauna is just as species-poor, with only  Chironomidae and  Pisidium montigenum Kuiper, 1966 found, the latter frequently. In all of Dr. Ulrich  Bößneck’s collecting effort, no gastropods were found in mountain lakes above 3,000 m in the Mt. Kenya massif.  Alboglossiphonia afroalpina sp. nov. therefore obviously feeds on insect larvae and small mussels of the genus  Pisidium .</p><p>Nothing is known about the ecology of the specimens found in 1953 in the Mt Elgon massif, except for the sea level at which the waters (probably mountain lakes) were located. Three of the animals carried eggs, so December can be named as the period for reproduction and brood care.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>So far, the species is only known from the mountain massifs of Mt. Kenya and Mt. Elgon in Kenya. It is very likely that  A. afroalpina sp. nov. is widespread in these massifs, and it could also be distributed on other high mountains in East Africa. A targeted search in mountain lakes in the East African high mountains would be desirable to expand the description provided here. Whether  A. afroalpina also occurs in the lowland areas between these mountain massifs is questionable.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E895B11C31B25FCABE7351034F7FE5FD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Jueg, Uwe	Jueg, Uwe (2023): Alboglossiphonia afroalpina sp. nov. and Alboglossiphonia buniana sp. nov. - two new leech species from Africa and revision of the genus Alboglossiphonia Lukin, 1976 in Africa. Evolutionary Systematics 7 (1): 1-34, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.7.94507, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.7.94507
B7BEBFF1C37F577A99B457154B6C2D4A.text	B7BEBFF1C37F577A99B457154B6C2D4A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alboglossiphonia buniana Jueg 2023	<div><p>Alboglossiphonia buniana Jueg sp. nov.</p><p>Material.</p><p>A total of 25 specimens from two localities in  Bunia in the Democratic Republic of Congo were examined, and are deposited in the  
Royal Museum of 
Central Africa in Tervuren (Belgium). They were labeled  Glossiphonia disjuncta Moore, 1939  .</p><p>Holotype: 1 specimen, Democratic Republic of Congo,  Ituri Province, Bunia, near the border with Uganda at  Lake Albert,  
Jardin de 
Peres, leg. Courtois et Dr. Masse, 02.03.1952 (in Sciacchitano 1952 as  Glossiphonia disjuncta Moore, 1939), on  Lymnaea natalensis succinoides et  Biomphalaria ruppellii (=  Radix natalensis ( Krauss, 1848) and  Biomphalaria pfeifferi ( Kraus, 1848)); deposited at the Royal Museum of Central Africa in Tervuren (Belgium), Coll.-No.: RMCA_VERMES_43662 (specimen 1 in Table 2).</p><p>Paratypes: 19 specimens with the same locality as the holotype .</p><p>Paratype 1: RMCA_VERMES_43663 (specimen 2 in  Table 2)</p><p>Paratype 2: RMCA_VERMES_43664 (specimen 3 in  Table 2)</p><p>Paratype 3: RMCA_VERMES_43665 (specimen 4 in  Table 2)</p><p>Paratype 4: RMCA_VERMES_43666 (specimen 5 in  Table 2)</p><p>Paratype 5: RMCA_VERMES_43667 (specimen 6 in  Table 2)</p><p>Paratype 6: RMCA_VERMES_43668 (specimen 7 in  Table 2)</p><p>Paratype 7: RMCA_VERMES_43669 (specimen 8 in  Table 2)</p><p>Paratype 8: RMCA_VERMES_43670 (specimen 9 in  Table 2)</p><p>Paratype 9: RMCA_VERMES_43671 (specimen 10 in  Table 2)</p><p>Paratype 10: RMCA_VERMES_43672 (specimen 11 in  Table 2)</p><p>Paratype 11: RMCA_VERMES_43673 (specimen 12 in  Table 2)</p><p>Paratype 12: RMCA_VERMES_43674 (specimen 13 in  Table 2)</p><p>Paratype 13: RMCA_VERMES_43675 (specimen 14 in  Table 2)</p><p>Paratype 14: RMCA_VERMES_43676 (specimen 15 in  Table 2)</p><p>Paratype 15: RMCA_VERMES_43677 (specimen 16 in  Table 2)</p><p>Paratype 16: RMCA_VERMES_43678 (specimen 17 in  Table 2)</p><p>Paratype 17: RMCA_VERMES_43679 (specimen 18 in  Table 2)</p><p>Paratype 18: RMCA_VERMES_43680 (specimen 19 in  Table 2)</p><p>Paratype 19: RMCA_VERMES_43681 (specimen 20 in  Table 2)</p><p>Additional material.</p><p>5 specimens; Democratic Republic of Congo,  Ituri Province, Bunia, with  Biomphalaria adowensis (=  Biomphalaria pfeifferi (Kraus, 1848)), leg. Courtois et Dr. Masse ,   1952 (in Scacchitano 1952 as  Glossiphonia disjuncta Moore, 1939); deposited at the  Royal Museum of Central Africa in Tervuren (Belgium), Coll. No. : 28950-28954</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>Democratic Republic of Congo, Ituri Province, Bunia, Jardin de  Pères, near the border with Uganda at Lake Albert, leg. Courtois et Dr. Mass, 2nd March 1952 (in Sciacchitano 1952, 1954 as  Glossiphonia disjuncta Moore, 1939)</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Alboglossiphonia species up to 7.1 mm long and up to 3.1 mm wide; elongate oval with a strongly wavy to jagged body edge, outermost area hyaline; Head barely set off, but with a pronounced upper lip; cranial sucker small in front, round at the rear, channel-shaped towards the front (pear shaped), small pinprick-shaped mouth pore; flat caudal sucker small-medium, circular with thick walls and wide attachment point (&lt;1/3 of the maximum body width); Base color unknown, definitely light; 30-36 thin longitudinal stripes (muscle strands); smooth surface, no prominent tubercles or papillae, but small sensory papillae, especially lateral; eye position typical of the genre, but with constant fusion of the first pair of eyes and the left and right eyes of the second and third pair, thus only three eyes visible; barely discernible gonopores spaced by two annuli; crop caeca 6, the first 5 simple to slightly bifurcated, 6th pair with 5 small side lobes; further internal anatomy unknown.</p><p>Description.</p><p>A total of 25 specimens were examined, of which all external characteristics were recorded. Regarding the internal anatomy, the crop caeca could only be examined in backlight.</p><p>Body form and size. The body is oblong oval with a length of 7.1 mm. The maximum width in the second half of the body is 3.1 mm. The dorsal side is slightly curved, the ventral side is flat. The head is only vaguely separated, the body tapers towards the tip of the body. There is a mouth lobe on the head, often visible as a narrow extension dorsally, similar to  Alboglossiphonia heteroclita (Linnaeus, 1761). The rear edge is bluntly rounded. The side edges, which are wavy to jagged, are striking and typical of the species (Fig. 14).</p><p>Annulation. Circa 70 annuli were counted. The first six annuli are in the head area. All annuli have the same width value. In the area of the midbody, the three annuli per segment are clearly visible on the outer edge because they are separated by a deeper marginal furrow.</p><p>Suckers and mouth. The cranial sucker is small and pear-shaped (Figs 15, 16) with a maximum width and length of 2.1 mm. However, only the rear part is slightly wider. The cranial sucker merges into a rather narrow furrow that runs on the underside of the mouth flap. The edge is thin. In the center of the flat cranial sucker is a small, pinprick-shaped but clear mouth opening. The caudal sucker is almost circular with a length of 0.59 mm and a width of 0.60 mm (max. 0.95 and 0.95 mm). The width of the caudal sucker is on average less than one third of the maximum body width. The caudal sucker, which is ventrally oriented and has a wide base, is flat with strong edges.</p><p>Colour and pattern The living animal is certain to have a light base color, probably light brown or yellowish. The ventral side is lighter. There are no spots or patterns. There are 30 to 36 thin stripes (muscle strands) recognizable as faint longitudinal lines, especially in the middle and rear part. The outer edge is a hyaline area that is more or less pronounced (Fig. 17).</p><p>Papillae and tubercles. The entire body is smooth. There are no warts or prominent papillae. Only tiny, evenly spaced, sensory papillae are visible at high magnification. At the margins, these papillae appear to be more concentrated where the hyaline outer lobes protrude.</p><p>Eyes. At first glance, the consistently three eyes are not typically formed for the genus  Alboglossiphonia . In three of the 25 specimens available, it was evident that two eyes had fused together. These almost always result in circular structures. The original six eyes and their arrangement are therefore typical of the genus. The eyes do not differ in size. The first, medially fused, pair lies on annulus 4 and the longitudinally fused left and right eyes of the second and third pairs are found on annulus 5. As with all  Alboglossiphonia species, there are variations in the arrangement (Fig. 18). Eye reductions are not recognizable.</p><p>Sciacchitano (1954) already pointed out the merging of the eyes (specimens No. 21-25), so that only three eyes can be seen instead of six (three pairs) of eyes. One specimen is even said to have a complete fusion of all six eyes, but this could not be confirmed in the present revision. Some specimens were curled and severely hardened so that the eyes were not visible.</p><p>Gonopores Both gonopores are very small and inconspicuous to almost invisible. Gonopores can only be seen in five specimens from a body length of 5.9 mm, mostly only very faintly. The distance between the male and female gonopore is two annuli. Sometimes the furrow between them also appears somewhat darker, giving the appearance of three gonopores. However, this remains unconfirmed.</p><p>Crop caeca. Crop caeca are only visible in a few animals (Fig. 14). There are 6 pairs of crop caeca. The first 5 are simple, of which the back ones often split in two in the last third. The edges appear wavy. The 6th pair of ventricles has 5 small side branches, which also have wavy borders.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The newly described species is named after the place where it was found. Bunia is the capital of Ituri Province in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.</p><p>Differential diagnosis.</p><p>The placement in the genus  Alboglossiphonia results from the position of the eyes and the distance between the gonopores. Eleven species are known from Africa, and only six from south of the Sahara (including this one). All characteristics from Table 2 can be used for differentiation.</p><p>The gonopores of the species  Alboglossiphonia buniana sp. nov. have a distance of 2 annuli, differing from  A. conjugata (Oosthuizen, 1978) and  A. disuqi El-Shimy, 1990, where the distance is only 1 annulus, and from  A. hyalina, which has only one common gonopore.  Alboglossiphonia conjugata and  A. disuqi also have papillae and warts as well as rows of spots. The location of the gonopores is identical in the following species:  Alboglossiphonia afroalpina sp. nov.,  A. disjuncta (Moore, 1939),  A. iberica Jueg, 2008,  A. levis Gouda, 2010,  A. macrorhyncha (Oosthuizen, 1978),  A. namaquaensis (Augener, 1936) and  A. polypompholyx Oosthuizen, Hussein &amp; El-Shimy, 1988. The presence of warts and prominent papillae clearly distinguish  Alboglossiphonia disjuncta,  A. macrorhyncha and  A. polypompholyx from  A. buniana sp. nov. An important diagnostic feature is the crop caeca, of which there are 6 pairs. Only  Alboglossiphonia macrorhyncha,  A. hyalina and  A. disuqi have the same number. These species differ in the distances between the gonopores (see above). The number of crop caeca in  Alboglossiphonia afroalpina is not known. However, this species clearly differs from all others in its distinctive spotting and body shape.  Alboglossiphonia macrorhyncha is most similar to  A. buniana sp. nov., however, the latter differs in the shape of the anterior sucker with mouth opening, the smooth body surface and especially the wavy to jagged hyaline outer edge. The pairs of eyes fused into three eyes with a round cross-section seem to be typical of  Alboglossiphonia buniana . Fusions to form three eyes also occur regularly in  Alboglossiphonia polypompholyx and  A. levis, but not in a circle but rather as clusters of pigment (Oosthuizen et al. 1988; El-Shimy 1994; Gouda 2010). However, the position of the eyes can also be variable.</p><p>Ecology.</p><p>Not much can be said about the ecology because no information other than the host animals was recorded when the specimens were collected in 1952.  Alboglossiphonia buniana has been found feeding on  Biomphalaria pfeifferi and  Radix natalensis . Both snail species are widespread in Africa in standing and slow-flowing waters.  Radix natalensis prefers flat riparian areas with different substrates (e.g. submerged vegetation, rocks, mud).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Alboglossiphonia buniana sp. nov. is only known from Bunia, the capital of Ituri Province in the Democratic Republic of Congo. On the labels of the two tubes in the Central Africa Museum in Tervuren (Belgium) and in Sciacchitano (1952, 1954) there are no more detailed place names, except for Jardin de  Pères ('Garden of the Fathers'; Sciacchitano 1952). It could be the park at a church or school (oral communication C. Allard, Tervuren). Bunia is located at about 1,250 m above sea level on the edge of the Blue Mountains (with elevations of up to 2,000 m above sea level) immediately west of Lake Albert on the border with Uganda. Several small rivers flow through Bunia, emptying into the Aruwimi, which in turn drains into the Congo.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B7BEBFF1C37F577A99B457154B6C2D4A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Jueg, Uwe	Jueg, Uwe (2023): Alboglossiphonia afroalpina sp. nov. and Alboglossiphonia buniana sp. nov. - two new leech species from Africa and revision of the genus Alboglossiphonia Lukin, 1976 in Africa. Evolutionary Systematics 7 (1): 1-34, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.7.94507, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.7.94507
