identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03CDA653FFE1FFE8FF411D0BFB88DB83.text	03CDA653FFE1FFE8FF411D0BFB88DB83.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Theodoxus danubialis (C. Pfeiffer 1828)	<div><p>1. Theodoxus danubialis (C. Pfeiffer, 1828)</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Nerita danubialis var. carinata: Clessin (1887).</p> <p>Theodoxus danubialis carinatus: Ehrmann (1933); Zilch &amp; Jaeckel (1962); Karaman &amp; Karaman (2007).</p> <p>Neritina stragulata: Möllendorff (1873).</p> <p>Neritina danubialis var. stragulata: Clessin (1887).</p> <p>Theodoxus danubialis var. stragulata: Grossu (1956).</p> <p>Theodoxus danubialis stragulata: Karaman &amp; Karaman (2007).</p> <p>Theodoxus danubialis: Hesse (1929); Ehrmann (1933); Jaeckel et al. (1958); Matoničkin et al. (1975); Frank et al. (1990); Arambašić (1994); Jovanović (1990); Karaman (2001); (2012); Simić &amp; Simić (2004); Jakovčev-Todorović et al. (2005); Živić et al. (2005, 2006); Csányi &amp; Paunović (2006); Jović et al. (2006); Karaman &amp; Karaman (2007); Paunović et al. (2007a, 2008, 2012 a); Marković et al. (2012, 2014); Novaković (2012); Martinović-Vitanović et al. (2013); Tomović et al. (2014); Savić et al. (2016); Živić (2020); Gojšina (2021 pers. comm.).</p> <p>Common name. Danube nerite.</p> <p>Morphology. Medium-sized species (shell up to 15 mm). Shell is oval shaped and brightly coloured, usually with dark zigzag pattern. Sometimes shell colouring can be uniformly black. Operculum is yellowish, with apophysis and pseudoapophysis. For more details see Glöer (2019: 40, figs 24, 25).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Species native to the Danube basin, found in northern Italy as well. The snail prefers hard substrate of large and medium-sized rivers at lower attitudes (Welter-Schultes 2012; Marković et al. 2014). In Serbia, the most numerous populations are found in the Danube and Sava Rivers tributaries such as Drina, Velika Morava, Mlava, Nišava and Timok Rivers.</p> <p>Other remarks. The spread of competitive alien and invasive species in the 21 st century, alongside with general habitats deterioration, could be the main cause of decreasing population trends of this species. The snail is considered as critically endangered in northern parts of its distribution area (Germany, Austria, Czech Republic) (Welter-Schultes, 2012). The species has LC status on the IUCN Red List (Tomović et al. 2010).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFE1FFE8FF411D0BFB88DB83	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFE1FFE8FF4118E3FCAAD80B.text	03CDA653FFE1FFE8FF4118E3FCAAD80B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Theodoxus fluviatilis (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>2. Theodoxus fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758)</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Theodoxus fluviatilis: Matoničkin et al. (1975); Karaman (2001, 2012); Jakovčev-Todorović et al. (2005); Paunović et al. (2007a, 2008, 2012 a); Marković et al. (2012, 2013, 2014); Martinović-Vitanović et al. (2013); Tomović et al. (2014).</p> <p>Common name. River nerite.</p> <p>Morphology. Medium-sized species. Oval shaped shell has dimensions up to 13 mm. Colouration pattern is extremely variable, ranging from almost black to various bright variants, often with dark zigzag lines, and triangular irregular light flecks. Operculum is reddish, pseudo-apophysis is absent, while apophysis has a wide platelet part. For more details see Glöer (2019: 41, figs 26, 27).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. The most widespread among Theodoxus species, this snail is fairly common throughout Europe, and recorded in Asia (Near East) and northern Africa (Bunje 2005; Glöer 2019). It prefers hard substrate of larger rivers in the region (Marković et al. 2014). The most abundant populations in Serbia are found in the large rivers such as the Danube, Sava, and Tisza Rivers.</p> <p>Other remarks. Although being considered of Ponto-Caspian origin (Bunje 2005) nowadays it is regarded as an introduced, or even an invasive taxon, in the Danube basin by some authors (Kebapçý &amp; Van Damme 2012). It has LC status on the IUCN Red List (Seddon &amp; Killeen 2010).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFE1FFE8FF4118E3FCAAD80B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFE1FFE9FF411B7BFD9ADC86.text	03CDA653FFE1FFE9FF411B7BFD9ADC86.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Theodoxus transversalis (C. Pfeiffer 1828)	<div><p>3. Theodoxus transversalis (C. Pfeiffer, 1828)</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Neritina transversalis: Möllendorff (1873).</p> <p>Theodoxus transversalis: Hesse (1929); Arambašić (1994); Karaman &amp; Živić (2001); Karaman (2001, 2005); Simić &amp; Simić (2004); Karaman &amp; Karaman (2007); Novaković (2012); Marković et al. (2014); Savić et al. (2016); Marković (2020 pers. comm.).</p> <p>Common name. Striped nerite.</p> <p>Morphology. Medium-sized species. Oval shaped shell has dimensions up to 11 mm. Colouration pattern is greyish or yellowish-grey with three distinct dark transversal stripes. Occasionally colouration can be uniformly brown, or black. Operculum is reddish and resembles T. fluviatilis, but it lacks enlarged apophysal plate. For more details see Glöer (2019: 53, fig. 43).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. The striped nerite has mostly a Danuban distribution (Sólymos &amp; Fehér 2011). In the past it was more common in the larger rivers of central Europe, including the Danube itself (Fehér et al. 2012). Reminders of its wider distribution range are a few isolated recent populations, viz., populations from the Dojran Lake (southern Balkan; Fischer et al. 2009), and from the Crete Island (Aegean Sea; Szerkowski, 1998). Similar to other species of the genus, it prefers hard substrate (rock, vegetation, man-made materials etc.). Smaller watercourses, and tributaries of the Danube River are considered as its main habitats in Serbia (Marković et al. 2014). Stable populations have been recorded in the Velika Morava and Nišava Rivers.</p> <p>Other remarks. Relict species of the genus (Bunje &amp; Lindberg 2007). Due to decreasing population trend, the species is considered as EN on the IUCN list (Sólymos &amp; Fehér 2011). This snail is listed in the 92/43 EEC Directive (annexes II and IV; Directive, 1992).</p> <p>Subclass Caenogastropoda Cox,1960</p> <p>Order Architaenioglossa Haller, 1892</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFE1FFE9FF411B7BFD9ADC86	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFE0FFE9FF4118DEFAFCD8B7.text	03CDA653FFE0FFE9FF4118DEFAFCD8B7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Viviparus acerosus (Bourguignat 1862)	<div><p>4. Viviparus acerosus (Bourguignat, 1862)</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Vivipara hungarica: Hesse (1929).</p> <p>Viviparus danubialis: Tomić (1959).</p> <p>Viviparus acerosus maritzanus: Zilch (1955).</p> <p>Viviparus acerosus: Jaeckel et al. (1958); Arambašić (1994); Karaman (2001, 2012); Karaman &amp; Karaman (2007); Paunović et al. (2008, 2012 a); Marković et al. (2012, 2015); Martinović-Vitanović et al. (2013); Tomović et al. (2014).</p> <p>Common name. Danube river snail.</p> <p>Morphology. Large-sized species (shell up to 50 mm). Morphological identification is quite challenging due to close resemblance to other species of the genus, and some other viviparids. The shape of apex, and convexity of subsequent whorls, are considered as main taxonomic characters of adult specimens. Apex is white and pointed, umbilicus is narrow. For more details see Glöer (2019: 61, fig. 52).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Muddy substrate of large slow-flowing rivers, standing waters and canals. Its native distribution range includes the Danube, Dnieper, and Dvina basins (Vavrova &amp; Van Damme 2011; Vinarski &amp; Kantor 2016). In Serbia mostly found along the Danube, Tisza, Sava and Velika Morava Rivers.</p> <p>Other remarks. Considered as endangered in northern parts of its areal (Germany, Austria; Welter-Schultes 2012). Recently has established wild populations in the Netherlands where it is considered as an introduced species (Soes et al. 2009). On the IUCN Red List it has been assessed as LC (Vavrova &amp; Van Damme 2011).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFE0FFE9FF4118DEFAFCD8B7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFE3FFEAFF411CBAFEB3DC1A.text	03CDA653FFE3FFEAFF411CBAFEB3DC1A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Viviparus contectus (Millet 1813)	<div><p>5. Viviparus contectus (Millet, 1813)</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Paludina fasciata: Möllendorff (1873).</p> <p>Vivipara contecta: Zilch (1955).</p> <p>Viviparus fasciatus: Paunović et al. (2007a).</p> <p>Viviparus contectus: Frank et al. (1990); Karaman (2001); Karaman &amp; Karaman, (2007); Paunović et al. (2008); Martinović-Vitanović et al. (2013); Novaković (2014 –2019 pers. comm.).</p> <p>Common name. Lister’s river snail.</p> <p>Morphology. Large-sized species. Greenish or black shell with three colour bands and deep suture can be up to 55 mm high. Apex is pointed, umbilicus is narrow. Animal itself is dark with yellow dots. For more details see Welter-Schultes (2012: 32, figure in the middle of the page).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. The Palearctic species is found across whole Europe and could be found in the western Siberia as well (Vavrova 2010; Vinarski &amp; Kantor 2016). It prefers muddy substrate of standing waters, or larger rivers with plenty of vegetation. In Serbia, this species inhabits the Pannonian part, and it has been recorded from the Danube and Sava Rivers, as well from some smaller rivers (Plazović River), and lakes (Ludaš Lake).</p> <p>Other remarks. The species can hybridize with Viviparus ater (Trüb &amp; Ribi 1997) making positive identification difficult. Threatened in some parts of its areal (England, Portugal, Switzerland, Germany, and Austria) (Welter-Schultes 2012). On the IUCN Red List it has been assessed as LC, with the decreasing population trend in Europe (Vavrova 2010).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFE3FFEAFF411CBAFEB3DC1A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFE3FFEAFF411F4AFD78D90F.text	03CDA653FFE3FFEAFF411F4AFD78D90F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Viviparus viviparus (Linnaeus 1758) viviparus (Linnaeus 1758	<div><p>6. Viviparus viviparus (Linnaeus, 1758)</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Vivipara vivipara: Hesse (1929).</p> <p>Viviparus fasciatus: Simić (1993).</p> <p>Viviparus viviparus: Jovanović (1990); Arambašić (1994); Karaman (2001, 2012); Simić &amp; Simić (2004); Jakovčev-Todorović et al. (2005); Paunović et al. (2005, 2007a, 2008); Živić et al. (2005); Karaman &amp; Karaman (2007); Planojević et al. (2010); Martinović-Vitanović et al. (2013).</p> <p>Common name. Common river snail.</p> <p>Morphology. Large snails (shell up to 40 mm). Shell is usually brown, or yellow, with 3 spiral bands, and 5–6 weakly convex whorls. Apex is blunt, umbilicus is narrow. For more details see Welter-Schultes (2012: 33, figure at the bottom of the page).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Palearctic species widespread across Europe, and quite common in its northern, central, and eastern parts (Seddon 2011 l). It prefers muddy substrate of slow flowing and standing permanent waters (Welter-Schultes 2012). In Serbia, this snail is mostly found in the northern Pannonian part, where it inhabits canals, ponds, and marshes along the large rivers (the Danube and Sava Rivers).</p> <p>Other remarks. In the late 20 th century it was recorded in the Ob River basin in western/central Siberia (Yanygina 2012). Due to its rapid spreading and abundant populations, it can be considered as an invasive species there (Yanygina 2012). In its native range the species is endangered in Germany, while being rare in some other parts (Poland and Scandinavia; Welter-Schultes 2012). On the IUCN Red List it has been assessed as LC, with the decreasing population trend in Europe (Seddon 2011 a).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFE3FFEAFF411F4AFD78D90F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFE2FFEBFF411CBAFE6CDC86.text	03CDA653FFE2FFEBFF411CBAFE6CDC86.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Holandriana holandrii (C. Pfeiffer 1828)	<div><p>7. Holandriana holandrii (C. Pfeiffer, 1828)</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Melania holandri: Möllendorff (1873).</p> <p>Amphimelania holandrii: Hesse (1929); Jaeckel et al. (1958); Jovanović (1990, 1995, 1998); Arambašić (1994); Reh et al. (1997); Karaman (2001); Paunović et al. (2005); Živić et al. (2005); (2006); Karaman &amp; Karaman (2007); Novaković et al. (2013).</p> <p>Holandriana holandrii: Karaman (2005); Marković et al. (2012, 2013, 2015); Novaković (2012, 2013, 2015–2018 pers. comm.); Živić (2020).</p> <p>Morphology. Medium-sized snails (ovate-conical, thick-walled shell up to 20 mm high). Shell is yellowish or greenish, usually with colour bands. It has 5 slightly convex whorls with few ribs as decoration. Apex is pointed, aperture is higher than broad. For more details see Glöer (2019: 85, fig. 86).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. The species is inhabiting solid substrate (rocks, wood) in rivers, streams or standing waters of the Balkan Peninsula and Pannonian Plain. In Serbia, it is one of the most common species in the central and southern parts of the country (hilly-mountainous region). Recent findings in the Pannonian parts are scarce and related mostly to the Danube Iron Gate (Arambašić 1994); Paunović et al. 2005; Karaman &amp; Karaman 2007; Marković et al. 2012). A few findings from the Sava (Zasavica, Mitrovica, and Ostružnica) and Tisza (Titel) Rivers are presented in Karaman &amp; Karaman (2007), while Novaković (2015–2018 pers. comm.) has recorded it in the Kolubara and Jadar Rivers.</p> <p>Other remarks. The species was considered as a member of Melanopsidae, till the recent genetic analyses have proved it as an outgroup. Neiber &amp; Glaubrecht (2019) estimated the group has been evolving separately from the late Mesozoic in the SE Europe region. On the IUCN Red List of threatened species, it has been assessed as LC (Tomović et al. 2011).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFE2FFEBFF411CBAFE6CDC86	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFE2FFECFF4118AAFD8DDF93.text	03CDA653FFE2FFECFF4118AAFD8DDF93.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Esperiana esperi (A. Ferussac 1823)	<div><p>8. Esperiana esperi (Férussac, 1823)</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Melanopsis esperi: Möllendorff (1873).</p> <p>Hemisinus esperi: Nikolajević (1907).</p> <p>Fagotia esperi: Jaeckel et al. (1958); Matoničkin et al. (1975); Arambašić (1994); Jovanović (1999); Karaman (2001); (2005); Simić &amp; Simić (2004); Živić et al. (2006).</p> <p>Esperiana esperi: Karaman &amp; Karaman (2007); Paunović et al. (2007a, 2008, 2012 a); Marković et al. (2012); Martinović-Vitanović et al. (2013); Novaković (2014 –2017 pers. comm.); Živić (2020).</p> <p>Morphology. Medium-sized snails (conical elongated shell up to 25 mm high). Shell is smooth, or finely striated with 6–8 whorls, upper whorls can be eroded. Colouration pattern of shell is yellowish, brownish, or black, and usually has irregular red spots. Aperture is acute ovate and broader than the literal line of shell. For more details see Welter-Schultes (2012: 35, figure at the bottom of the page).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Ponto-pannonic species inhabiting a wide spectrum of habitats (muddy substrate, solid substrate and rocks, submerged vegetation, and roots) in rivers and lakes (Welter-Schultes 2012). In Serbia, though it rarely reaches high population densities, this snail is quite common and widespread. It could be found in large Pannonian river-systems (Danube, Sava, Tisza) as well as in the Drina, Velika Morava-Zapadna Morava-Južna Morava and Timok drainages.</p> <p>Other remarks. Recent investigations suggest that this species is a thermal specialist particularly susceptible to seasonal temperatures fluctuations (Tytar &amp; Makarova 2015). On the IUCN Red List it has been assessed as LC (Fehér 2011 b).</p> <p>Genus Microcolpia Bourguignat, 1884</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFE2FFECFF4118AAFD8DDF93	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFE5FFECFF411917FDD4D8B7.text	03CDA653FFE5FFECFF411917FDD4D8B7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Melanoides tuberculata (O. F. Muller 1774)	<div><p>10. Melanoides tuberculata (O.F. Müller, 1774)</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Melanoides tuberculata: Milenković &amp; Gligorijević (2012); Gojšina (2021 pers. comm.).</p> <p>Common name. Red-rimmed Melania.</p> <p>Morphology. Medium-sized snails (shell up to 50 mm). Narrow conical shell is light coloured, with 10–15 regularly increasing whorls. Its surface is coarsely striated with brown stripes or spots. For more details see Glöer (2019: 71, fig. 63) and Welter-Schultes (2012: 34, figure on the top of the page).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Tropical species native to East Africa and Southeast Asia where it is found in a variety of habitats (rivers, streams, ponds, and marshes). As an introduced and/or invasive taxon, it is found in many European countries. In Serbia, it has been recorded in two small thermal streams near the city of Niš. The occurrence could be linked with its common use in aquaristics, so its presence could be classified as an accidental finding. It shall remain to see if it will establish a stable population there, as it is known that the species prefers physicochemical stability of the water throughout the year and homogeneity of the habitat, thus inhabiting mostly larger stable water bodies.</p> <p>Other remarks. Its populations in the Far East consist almost exclusively of females (few sterile males only), while bisexual populations were recorded in Israel (Welter-Schultes 2012). On the IUCN Red List it has been assessed as LC (Albrecht et al. 2018).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFE5FFECFF411917FDD4D8B7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFE5FFECFF411CF3FB4BDB78.text	03CDA653FFE5FFECFF411CF3FB4BDB78.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Microcolpia daudebartii (Prevost 1821)	<div><p>9. Microcolpia daudebartii (Prevost, 1821)</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Melanopsis acicularis: Möllendorff (1873).</p> <p>Fagotia acicularis: Hesse (1929); Jaeckel et al. (1958); Jovanović (1990); Frank et al. (1990); Arambašić (1994); Karaman (2001); Paunović et al. (2005); Jović et al. (2006); Živić et al. (2006).</p> <p>Fagotia daudebartii: Savić et al. (2016).</p> <p>Esperiana acicularis: Paunović et al. (2007a, 2012 a); Marković et al. (2012).</p> <p>Esperiana (Fagotia) acicularis: Paunović et al. (2008).</p> <p>Esperiana daudebartii acicularis: Karaman (2005).</p> <p>Esperiana daudebartii: Karaman &amp; Karaman (2007).</p> <p>Microcolpia daudebartii: Martinović-Vitanović et al. (2013).</p> <p>Morphology. Medium-sized snails (conical elongated shell up to 25 mm high). Shell is dark reddish brown, finely striated, and consists of 7–8 flat whorls. Aperture is lanceolate with strong basal groove. For more details see Welter-Schultes (2012: 36, figure at the bottom of the page).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Ponto-pannonic species inhabiting similar habitats as Esperiana esperi. In Serbia, it is found in large Pannonian river-systems (Danube, Sava, Tisza) as well as in Drina, Kolubara and Velika Morava-Zapadna Morava-Južna Morava drainages.</p> <p>Other remarks. This species has variable morphology, including a few morphs and subspecies. Among those morphs Microcolpia d. daudebartii and M. d. acicularis are among the most known. Unlike M. d. acicularis, which has a wide distributional range (Ponto-Pannonic), M. d. daudebartii has a limited range (Drava River and Central Hungary / Budapest). Recent morphological analyses have claimed distinction of those subspecies (Neubauer et al. 2014), contrary to genetic analyses (Falniowski et al. 2020). At the genus level, there is a similar unresolved taxonomic issue. According to some authors (Cummings &amp; Lydeard 2019; Falniowski et al. 2020) Esperiana and Microcolpia are separate genera due to genetic differences, while authors prioritizing morphology (Glöer 2019), consider those as subgenera. On the IUCN Red List it has been assessed as LC (Fehér 2010b).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFE5FFECFF411CF3FB4BDB78	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFE4FFEDFF411DD3FCFEDCCF.text	03CDA653FFE4FFEDFF411DD3FCFEDCCF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bythinella austriaca (Frauenfeld 1857)	<div><p>11. Bythinella austriaca (Frauenfeld, 1857)</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Bythinella austriaca: Filipović (1954); Tomić (1959).</p> <p>Common name. Austrian spring snail.</p> <p>Morphology. Minute snails (ovoid cylindric shell up to 3 mm high). It has 3.5–4.5 regularly increasing whorls separated by deep suture almost perpendicular to the columella and blunt apex. More details in Glöer (2002: 164, figs 198–201).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Central European species preferring cold clean waters with increased carbonate levels (in springs and adjacent brook systems) (Sturm 2016). In Serbia, it has been reported from few springs (Vrujci, Čočića vrelo and Široke Luke Springs) from central and eastern Serbia.</p> <p>Other remarks. A wider distribution range of this species, accompanied with quite narrow ecological preferences, low dispersal ability and highly isolated habitats (Benke et al. 2009; Beran 2010; Sturm 2016), brings possibility for intraspecific diversification. In that regard Glöer (2002) has distinguished four subspecies. On the IUCN Red List it has been assessed as LC (Fehér et al. 2010).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFE4FFEDFF411DD3FCFEDCCF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFE4FFEDFF411837FCE3DAE3.text	03CDA653FFE4FFEDFF411837FCE3DAE3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bythinella dispersa : Radoman 1976	<div><p>12. Bythinella dispersa Radoman, 1976</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Bythinella schmidti dispersa: Radoman (1983); Jovanović (1991, 1995, 1998).</p> <p>Bythinella opaca dispersa: Karaman &amp; Karaman (2007).</p> <p>Bythinella dispersa: Radoman (1976).</p> <p>Morphology. Minute snails up to 2.8 mm high. Ovoid shell is transparent, and with smooth surface. Aperture is ovoid, or angulated at the top. Apex is blunt, umbilicus is slit like. For more details see Radoman (1983: 176, fig. 205).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Western-Balkan endemic species (Serbia and Montenegro). Lives in clean karstic springs. Type locality: Spring in the Dubnica village (Sjenica Municipality; Drim catchment). Found in springs in Uvac, Ibar and Đetinja drainages (Zapadna Morava catchment).</p> <p>Other remarks. Not assessed on the IUCN Red List.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFE4FFEDFF411837FCE3DAE3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFE4FFEDFF4119C3FDA6D8B4.text	03CDA653FFE4FFEDFF4119C3FDA6D8B4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bythinella drimica Radoman 1976	<div><p>13. Bythinella drimica Radoman, 1976</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Bythinella drimica alba: Radoman (1976, 1983); Jovanović (1991, 1995).</p> <p>Morphology. Minute snails (ovoid whitish shell up to 2.3 mm high; body white). For more details see Radoman (1983: 179, pl. 12, fig. 213).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Southern Balkan endemic species. It has been recorded from Montenegro, Albania, Northern Macedonia, and Kosovo and Metohija. Prefers springs and clean sources. In Serbia it is known from only one locality so far (a spring near the monastery Dečani, KiM).</p> <p>Other remarks. Two accepted subspecies: Bythinella d. alba Radoman, 1976 and Bythinella d. drimica Radoman, 1976. On the IUCN Red List of threatened species, it has been assessed as LC (Fehér 2011 a), while on the national level B. d. alba is on the list of protected species (Annex 1-Strictly protected species; Official Gazette of RS 5/2010, 47/2011, 32/2016, 98/2016).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFE4FFEDFF4119C3FDA6D8B4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFE7FFEEFF411CBAFCE3DEF2.text	03CDA653FFE7FFEEFF411CBAFCE3DEF2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bythinella istoka : Gloer & Pesic 2014	<div><p>14. Bythinella istoka Glöer &amp; Pešić, 2014</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Bythinella istoka: Glöer &amp; Pešić (2014).</p> <p>Morphology. Minute snails. Shell, up to 2.8 mm high, is whitish and ovoid, finely striated and with deep suture. Umbilicus is closed, aperture is oval. Mantle colour is black, penis has long flagellum. For more details see Glöer &amp; Pešić (2014: 252, figs 11–13).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Endemic species known from only one locality. Type locality: Spring Vrelo, Istok Municipality (KiM).</p> <p>Other remarks. Not assessed on the IUCN Red List.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFE7FFEEFF411CBAFCE3DEF2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFE7FFEEFF411DD2FBAADC1B.text	03CDA653FFE7FFEEFF411DD2FBAADC1B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bythinella nonveilleri : Gloer 2008	<div><p>15. Bythinella nonveilleri Glöer, 2008</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Bythinella nonveilleri: Glöer (2008).</p> <p>Morphology. Minute snails (shell up to 3 mm high). Shell is cylindrical with deep suture. Umbilicus is closed. Penis has long flagellum, and penial appendix is as long as the penis itself. See Glöer (2008: 350, figs 2–6).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Serbian endemic species known from only one locality. Type locality Vrmdža Spring (Rtanj Mtn.; central Serbia).</p> <p>Other remarks. Not assessed on the IUCN Red List. The species is protected on national level (Annex 1- strictly protected species; Official Gazette of RS 5/2010, 47/2011, 32/2016, 98/2016).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFE7FFEEFF411DD2FBAADC1B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFE7FFEEFF411F4AFE7ADA2F.text	03CDA653FFE7FFEEFF411F4AFE7ADA2F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bythinella opaca (M. von Gallenstein 1848)	<div><p>16. Bythinella opaca (M. von Gallenstein, 1848)</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Bythinella opaca opaca: Karaman &amp; Karaman (2007).</p> <p>Bythinella schmidti schmidti: Radoman (1983).</p> <p>Bythinella opaca: Jaeckel et al. (1958).</p> <p>Morphology. Minute snails, up to 3.3 mm high. Shell is cylindrical-conical. Aperture is ovoid, umbilicus is slit like, or closed. For more details see Radoman (1983: 172, pl. 12, fig. 204).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Alpine and Dinaric spring species. In Serbia, the most common representative of the genus. Reported from springs and brook systems from Ibar, Drina and Zapadna Morava catchments.</p> <p>Other remarks. Being the only widely distributed species of the genus, and with fairly isolated spring populations, a few subspecies of this snail were recognized (Radoman 1983). On the IUCN Red List it has been assessed as LC (Fehér 2010 a).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFE7FFEEFF411F4AFE7ADA2F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFE7FFEEFF411916FBAAD9BB.text	03CDA653FFE7FFEEFF411916FBAAD9BB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bythinella pesterica : Gloer 2008	<div><p>17. Bythinella pesterica Glöer, 2008</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Bythinella pesterica: Glöer (2008).</p> <p>Morphology. Minute snails (shell up to 3.1 mm high). Shell is cylindrical with deep suture. Apex is blunt, umbilicus is closed. Flagellum is very thick, penial appendix is as long as penis, or up to double length of penis. For more details see Glöer (2008: 353, figs 4, 6).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Serbian endemic species known from one locality only. Type locality Stračijevac Spring (Pešter plateau).</p> <p>Other remarks. Not assessed on the IUCN Red List. The species is protected on national level (Annex 1- strictly protected species; Official Gazette of RS 5/2010, 47/2011, 32/2016, 98/2016).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFE7FFEEFF411916FBAAD9BB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFE7FFEFFF411AEAFE2BDFF4.text	03CDA653FFE7FFEFFF411AEAFE2BDFF4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bythinella serborientalis : Radoman 1978	<div><p>18. Bythinella serborientalis Radoman, 1978</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Bythinella serborientalis: Radoman (1978, 1983); Jovanović (1991, 1995).</p> <p>Morphology. Minute snails, up to 3 mm high. Shell is ovoid, with blunt apex. Aperture is pear-shaped, suture is deep, umbilicus mostly slit-like. For more details see Radoman (1983: 179, pl. 12, fig. 211).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Serbian endemic species known from only one locality. Type locality Vrelo Spring (Pirot Municipality, Balkan Mtn.).</p> <p>Other remarks. On the IUCN Red List of threatened species this taxon has been assessed as DD (Seddon 2011 b). The species is protected on national level (Annex 1-strictly protected species; Official Gazette of RS 5/2010, 47/2011, 32/2016, 98/2016).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFE7FFEFFF411AEAFE2BDFF4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFE6FFEFFF411D9AFE4ADB17.text	03CDA653FFE6FFEFFF411D9AFE4ADB17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bithynia leachii (Sheppard 1823)	<div><p>19. Bithynia leachii (Sheppard, 1823)</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Bithynia leach: Tomić (1959).</p> <p>Bithynia (Codiella) leachii: Karaman &amp; Karaman (2007).</p> <p>Bithynia leachii: Frank et al. (1990); Karaman (2001); Gojšina (2021 pers. comm.).</p> <p>Common name. Globose bithynia, Leach’s bithynia.</p> <p>Morphology: Small-sized snails (conical shell up to 8–9 mm high). Glossy yellowish shell has 4–4.5 convex whorls with deep suture. Operculum and aperture are oval, umbilicus is slit like open. For more details see Welter-Schultes (2012: 37, figure at the bottom of the page).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Palearctic species inhabiting slow-flowing rivers and stagnant waters across Europe. More common in central and south-eastern parts of the continent (Vavrova et al. 2010). In Serbia, the recent findings are scarce and mostly related to the Danube (the Iron-Gate part and Kovin Municipality). In the past the species was more common, and it was recorded from Zasavica (near the Sava River), Lepenica River, and few ponds and swamps along the Danube.</p> <p>Other remarks. Though widespread across Europe, this species is considered sensitive to water pollution, so in some parts of its distribution range it is considered critically endangered (Austria and Czech Republic) and endangered in Germany (Welter-Schultes 2012). On the IUCN Red List of threatened species it has been assessed as LC (Vavrova et al. 2010).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFE6FFEFFF411D9AFE4ADB17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFE6FFEFFF41184EFEB5D89B.text	03CDA653FFE6FFEFFF41184EFEB5D89B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bithynia tentaculata (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>20. Bithynia tentaculata (Linnaeus, 1758)</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Bithynia (Bithynia) tentaculata: Karaman &amp; Karaman (2007).</p> <p>Bithynia tentaculata: Hesse (1929); Tomić (1959); Matoničkin et al. (1975); Frank et al. (1990); Jovanović (1990); Arambašić (1994); Karaman (2001); Jakovčev-Todorović et al. (2005); Jović et al. (2006); Paunović et al. (2007a, 2008, 2012 a); Marković et al. (2012, 2015); Martinović-Vitanović et al. (2013); Novaković (2013, pers. comm. 2015); Stojanović (2017).</p> <p>Common name. Faucet snail, common bithynia, mud bithynia.</p> <p>Morphology. Small-sized snails (conical shell up to 10–11 mm high). Yellowish shell has 5 whorls with deep suture. Operculum and aperture are acute-ovate, uumbilicus is closed. For more details see Welter-Schultes (2012: 38, figure on the top of the page).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. West Palearctic species common in slow-flowing and standing waters. The snail inhabits both permanent and temporary waters, yet it prefers muddy substrate with dense vegetation, increased water conductivity and plenty of nutrients (Welter-Schultes 2012; Glöer 2019. In Serbia, the species is present in all major drainages (rivers, canals, ponds/lakes), while in large rivers such as the Danube, Sava, Tisza and Velika Morava Rivers, populations can be quite abundant. Besides slow-flowing lowland rivers the species is found in medium-sized and smaller hilly-mountainous watercourses as well [Zapadna Morava River (Novaković 2013), Vrla, Rača, Crnica and Mlava Rivers (Stojanović 2017)]. Welter-Schultes (2012) reports the presence of this species up to 1400 m.a.s.l. (Switzerland), while in Serbia it reaches 1000 m.a.s.l. (Stojanović 2017).</p> <p>Other remarks. Sometimes an individual snail lives a year longer than its usual life span of 12–24 months. Long-living individuals can be found in any population, they have an additional whorl, and they are described as Bithynia. tentaculata f. producta Menke 1828. Some authors even consider it as a valid species (Glöer 2019). Introduced and invasive species in North America (Kipp et al. 2021). On the IUCN Red List it has been assessed as LC (Seddon 2011 c)</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFE6FFEFFF41184EFEB5D89B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFF9FFF0FF411D43FDA6DDEC.text	03CDA653FFF9FFF0FF411D43FDA6DDEC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Belgrandiella bumasta : Schutt 1960	<div><p>21. Belgrandiella bumasta Schütt, 1960</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Belgrandiella bumasta: Schütt (1960); Bole (1967); Jovanović (1995).</p> <p>Morphology. Minute snails, conical shell up to 2 mm high. More details in Schütt (1960: 151, fig. 6).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Balkan endemic species. The snail inhabits subterranean waters and springs. In Serbia, found only in Rugovska klisura Canyon (Peć Municipality, KiM).</p> <p>Other remarks. This snail is one of the easternmost species of the western-Balkan/Dinaric endemic genus (Boeters et al. 2017 a; 2017 b). On the IUCN Red List of threatened species this taxon has been assessed as DD (Seddon 2011 a). The species is protected on national level (Annex 1-strictly protected species; Official Gazette of RS 5/2010, 47/2011, 32/2016, 98/2016).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFF9FFF0FF411D43FDA6DDEC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFF9FFF0FF411ED7FDD2DBE7.text	03CDA653FFF9FFF0FF411ED7FDD2DBE7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Belgrandiella serbica : Gloer 2008	<div><p>22. Belgrandiella serbica Glöer, 2008</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Belgrandiella serbica: Glöer (2008).</p> <p>Morphology. Minute snails. Conical translucent shell with deep suture up to 2.4 mm high. Operculum is reddish, penis is simple. For more details see Glöer (2008: 354, fig. 7).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Serbian endemic species. Type locality Rsovci Spring (Balkan Mtn., Pirot Municipality)</p> <p>Other remarks. Known only from a single locality. The easternmost species of the genus. Not assessed (NA) on the IUCN Red List. The species is protected on national level (Annex 1-strictly protected species; Official Gazette of RS 5/2010, 47/2011, 32/2016, 98/2016).</p> <p>Genus Plagigeyeria Tomlin, 1930</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFF9FFF0FF411ED7FDD2DBE7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFF9FFF0FF4118DFFDF6D9BB.text	03CDA653FFF9FFF0FF4118DFFDF6D9BB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Plagigeyeria gladilini : Kuscer 1937	<div><p>23. Plagigeyeria gladilini Kuščer, 1937</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Plagigeyeria gladilini gladilini: Schütt (1992); Jovanović (1995).</p> <p>Plagigeyeria gladilini: Kuščer (1937); Bole &amp; Velkovrh (1986).</p> <p>Morphology. Minute snails. Narrow-conical translucent whitish shell up to 3 mm high. More details in Kuščer (1937: 102, pl. 1, figs. 1–6).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Dinaric endemic species, inhabiting subterranean waters, caves, and springs. Type locality Spring of Beli Drim (Peć Municipality, KiM). Besides the type locality, in Serbia, it has been found in few springs in the Novi Pazar Municipality.</p> <p>Other remarks. Glöer et al. (2015) reported findings of this species from Albania (Vrela Spring in Krumë), however it was confirmed as a misidentification (Grego et al. 2017). On the IUCN Red List this species has been assessed as VU (Georgiev 2010).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFF9FFF0FF4118DFFDF6D9BB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFF9FFF1FF411AEBFDBDDFF7.text	03CDA653FFF9FFF1FF411AEBFDBDDFF7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Plagigeyeria minuta : Bole & Velkovrh 1987	<div><p>24. Plagigeyeria minuta Bole &amp; Velkovrh, 1987</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Plagigeyeria minuta: Bole &amp;Velkovrh (1987).</p> <p>Morphology. Minute snails. Shell with pointed apex is up to 2.1 mm high. Peristome narrows in its upper part, and shell is slightly sinuous, with longitudinal riblets approximately parallel to the shell axis. More details in Bole &amp;Velkovrh (1987: 75 /81, pl. 2, fig. 2).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Serbian endemic species, inhabiting subterranean waters, caves, and springs. Type locality is karstic spring near Perućac Settlement (Bajina Bašta Municipality, Tara Mtn., western Serbia).</p> <p>Other remarks. The species known from only one locality. On the IUCN Red List of threatened species it has been assessed as DD (Seddon 2011 g).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFF9FFF1FF411AEBFDBDDFF7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFF8FFF1FF411D2EFEACDD1F.text	03CDA653FFF8FFF1FF411D2EFEACDD1F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Plagigeyeria piroti Bole & Velkovrh 1987	<div><p>25. Plagigeyeria piroti Bole &amp; Velkovrh, 1987</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Plagigeyeria piroti: Bole &amp; Velkovrh (1986, 1987); Jovanović (1999).</p> <p>Morphology. Minute snails. Conical shell with pointed apex is up to 3.5 mm high. More details in Bole &amp;Velkovrh (1987: 76-77 /81, pl. 3, figs. 1–3).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Serbian endemic species. Type locality is a small spring in the Gradište Village (Pirot Municipality, Balkan Mtn., eastern Serbia).</p> <p>Other remarks. The species known from only one locality. On the IUCN Red List it has been assessed as DD (Seddon 2011 h).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFF8FFF1FF411D2EFEACDD1F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFF8FFF1FF411EFAFDD9DA76.text	03CDA653FFF8FFF1FF411EFAFDD9DA76.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sarajana apfelbecki (Brancsik 1888)	<div><p>26. Sarajana apfelbecki (Brancsik, 1888)</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Sarajana driniana: Radoman (1975).</p> <p>Sarajana apfelbecki driniana: Radoman (1983); Jovanović (1991).</p> <p>Morphology. Minute snails. Conical shell is up to 0.8 mm high. Aperture is rounded or angulated at the top, umbilicus is slit like. For more details see Radoman (1983: 104, fig. 116).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Western Balkan endemic species. Type locality is spring in the Kaoštica Village (Višegrad Municipality, BiH). In Serbia this snail was recorded from two small springs near the Perućac Stream (Bajina Bašta Municipality, Tara Mtn., western Serbia).</p> <p>Other remarks. The species was assigned by Radoman to the monotypic genus, closely related to Belgrandiella. Later, the distinctness of the genus Sarajana was questioned, and S. apfelbecki was classified within the genus Belgrandiella. Hofman et al. (2019) have showed that based on both, morphological and genetical data, Sarajana has no close relations to Belgrandiella, thus restoring its previous status established by Radoman (1983). On the IUCN Red List of threatened species it has been assessed as DD (Seddon, 2010). The species is protected on national level (Annex 1-strictly protected species; Official Gazette of RS 5/2010, 47/2011, 32/2016, 98/2016).</p> <p>Genus Saxurinator Schütt, 1960</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFF8FFF1FF411EFAFDD9DA76	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFF8FFF1FF4119AEFB8FD9BB.text	03CDA653FFF8FFF1FF4119AEFB8FD9BB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Saxurinator schlickumi : Schutt 1960	<div><p>27. Saxurinator schlickumi Schütt, 1960</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Saxurinator schlickumi: Schütt (1960); Jovanović (1995).</p> <p>Morphology. Minute snails. Elongated cylindrical shell is up to 4 mm high. More details in Schütt (1960: 148, fig. 2).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Serbian endemic species. The snail inhabits subterranean and spring habitats. Type locality is Rugovska klisura Canyon (Peć Municipality, KiM).</p> <p>Other remarks. On the IUCN Red List it has been assessed as DD (Seddon 2011 i).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFF8FFF1FF4119AEFB8FD9BB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFF8FFF2FF411B56FB92DD88.text	03CDA653FFF8FFF2FF411B56FB92DD88.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Grossuana euxina (A. J. Wagner 1928)	<div><p>28. Grossuana euxina (A.J. Wagner, 1928)</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Grossuana serbica codreanui: Radoman (1983).</p> <p>Grossuana euxina euxina: Karaman &amp; Karaman (2007).</p> <p>Grossuana remesiana: Radoman (1973).</p> <p>Grossuana serbica remesiana: Radoman (1983); Jovanović (1995, 1998, 1999).</p> <p>Grossuana euxina remesiana: Karaman &amp; Karaman (2007).</p> <p>Grossuana serhica: Radoman (1973).</p> <p>Grossuana serhica serbica: Radoman (1983); Jovanović (1991, 1995, 1998).</p> <p>Grossuana euxina serbica: Karaman &amp; Karaman (2007).</p> <p>Morphology. Minute snails with conical ovoid shell up to 2 mm high. It has 4–4.5 whorls and blunt apex, last whorl can be keeled. Umbilicus is slit like or closed. For more details see Radoman (1983: 58, fig. 48).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. South-eastern Europe (Alpes-Dinaric) species. It inhabits subterranean and spring waters. In Serbia, majority of the records are from eastern Serbia (Balkan Mtn.).</p> <p>Other remarks. Three subspecies are listed in Karaman &amp; Karaman (2007), viz., Grossuana e. euxina and G. e. remesiana (eastern Serbia) and G. e. serbica (south-western Serbia, Raška and Novi Pazar Municipalities). On the IUCN Red List it has been assessed as LC (Georgiev, 2011). The species is protected on national level (Annex 1-strictly protected species; Official Gazette of RS 5/2010, 47/2011, 32/2016, 98/2016).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFF8FFF2FF411B56FB92DD88	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFFBFFF2FF4119AEFCC9D808.text	03CDA653FFFBFFF2FF4119AEFCC9D808.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lithoglyphus apertus (Kuster 1852)	<div><p>30. Lithoglyphus apertus (Küster, 1852)</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Lithoglyphus apertus: Radoman (1983); Jovanović (1991); Karaman (2001); Karaman &amp; Karaman (2007).</p> <p>Morphology. Medium-sized snails. Globulous thick-walled shell is up to 13 mm high, with five whorls, and short spire. The first whorls are slowly growing, and flattened at the suture. For more details see Glöer (2019: 174, fig. 215).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Pontic species, inhabiting a muddy substrate of large slow-flowing rivers in the region (Glöer 2019). In Serbia, it has been recorded in the Sava and Danube Rivers, near Belgrade.</p> <p>Other remarks. Glöer (2019) considering morphology argues that Lithoglyphus. apertus probably could be just one of the forms of widespread and variable L. naticoides. On the IUCN Red List of threatened species it has been assessed as DD (Cioboiu et al 2010). The species is protected on national level (Annex 1-strictly protected species; Official Gazette of RS 5/2010, 47/2011, 32/2016, 98/2016).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFFBFFF2FF4119AEFCC9D808	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFFBFFF2FF411F6EFAFADB80.text	03CDA653FFFBFFF2FF411F6EFAFADB80.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Terranigra kosovica : Radoman 1978	<div><p>29. Terranigra kosovica Radoman 1978</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Terranigra kosovica: Radoman (1978, 1983); Jovanović (1991, 1995).</p> <p>Morphology. Minute snails up to 2.4 mm high. Elongate conical shell has blunt apex. Genital chamber is beanshaped, ppenis is elongated without any outgrowth. For more details see Radoman (1983: 66, fig. 59).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Serbian endemic species, inhabiting spring and subterranean habitats on KiM. Type locality is a small spring near Crna Zemlja (Uroševac Municipality, KiM). Being recorded in few other springs, such as spings in Pridvorica, Crnoljevo, Gornja mahala Settlements, and spring near the source of the Nerodimka River.</p> <p>Other remarks. On the IUCN Red List it has NT status (Seddon 2011 j). The species is protected on national level (Annex 1-strictly protected species; Official Gazette of RS 5/2010, 47/2011, 32/2016, 98/2016).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFFBFFF2FF411F6EFAFADB80	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFFBFFF3FF411B7AFEBCDEF3.text	03CDA653FFFBFFF3FF411B7AFEBCDEF3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lithoglyphus fuscus (C. Pfeiffer 1828)	<div><p>31. Lithoglyphus fuscus (C. Pfeiffer, 1828)</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Lithoglyphus fuscus: Möllendorff (1873); Karaman (2001) (L. Dokić 1879 collection).</p> <p>Morphology. Small-sized snails up to 10 mm high. Globulous shell has pointed apex and 4-4.5 whorls. Suture is deep, aperture is ovate and angled at the top, with sharp peristome. Umbilicus is closed. For more details see Glöer (2019: 174, fig. 216).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Central European species. In Serbia recorded in the Danube, Sava and Morava Rivers, and in pools near Paraćin. All those records are from the 19 th century.</p> <p>Other remarks. Type species of the genus. Bole (1981) argued that Lithoglyphus fuscus is a subspecies of L. naticoides characteristic for northern Balkan. Considering all known records are from the 19 th century, this species could be considered as non-present in the region nowadays. Moreover, Glöer (2019) considers the presence of this species only in the type locality in Slovenia (Ljubljana). On the IUCN Red List it has been assessed as LC (Sket &amp; Cioboiu 2010).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFFBFFF3FF411B7AFEBCDEF3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFFAFFF3FF411DD2FCA6DB83.text	03CDA653FFFAFFF3FF411DD2FCA6DB83.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lithoglyphus naticoides (C. Pfeiffer 1828)	<div><p>32. Lithoglyphus naticoides (C. Pfeiffer, 1828)</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Lithoglyphus naticoides: Möllendorff (1873); Nikolajević (1907); Hesse (1929); Jaeckel et al. (1958); Radoman (1983); Frank et al. (1990); Jovanović (1990; 1991); Arambašić (1994); Karaman (2001, 2001 a, 2005); Jakovčev-Todorović et al. (2005); Karaman &amp; Karaman (2007); Paunović et al. (2007a, 2008, 2012 a); Marković et al. (2012, 2013, 2015); Martinović-Vitanović et al. (2013); Novaković (2012, 2013).</p> <p>Common name. Gravel snail.</p> <p>Morphology. Small-sized snails. Globulous, greyish, thick-walled shell, up to 10 mm high, has 4.5–5 fast growing whorls, and a very prominent body whorl. Suture is deep, aperture is broad ovate with sharp peristome, umbilicus is closed. For more details see Glöer (2019: 175, fig. 217).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Pontic-Danube species, has been spread to western, eastern and northern Europe, Asia (Kazakhstan) and North America (Great Lakes area) (Van Damme 2020). Usually inhabits larger rivers with a muddy substrate. In Serbia, it is a quite common snail in the Pannonian part, inhabiting large rivers (Danube, Sava and Tisza Rivers), canals (Karaš), streams (Jelenački potok) and wetlands (Zasavica. Obedska bara). The species can also be found in the Velika Morava-Z. Morava-J. Morava river system in the central and southern part of the country. Under optimal living conditions, it can reach high abundances (over 1000 specimens/m 2; Marković pers. comm. 2018).</p> <p>Other remarks. Water birds (waterfowls) are known vectors of its natural spreading (Glöer 2019). On the IUCN Red List it has been assessed as LC (Van Damme 2020).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFFAFFF3FF411DD2FCA6DB83	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFFAFFF4FF4119AEFDA9DF93.text	03CDA653FFFAFFF4FF4119AEFDA9DF93.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Iglica illyrica : Schutt 1975	<div><p>33. Iglica illyrica Schütt, 1975</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Iglica (Rhaphica) illyrica: Schütt (1975).</p> <p>Rhaphica illyrica: Bole &amp; Velkovrh (1986).</p> <p>Iglica illyrica: Jovanović (1995); Grego et al. (2017).</p> <p>Morphology. Minute snails, conical shell is up to 2 mm high. For more details see Schütt (1975: 8, pl. 2, fig. 26–27)</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Serbian endemic species inhabiting subterranean waters and springs. Type locality is the Spring of Beli Drim River (Peć Municipality, KiM). Scarce findings, in Serbia, apart from type locality, it was recorded from two more localities, viz., springs in the Kosovska Mitrovica and Dečani Municipalities (Schütt 1975; Grego et al. 2017).</p> <p>Other remarks. There are only four known localities with confirmed presence of this species (Grego et al. 2017). On the IUCN Red List it has been assessed as DD (Seddon 2011 e). The species is protected on national level (Annex 1-strictly protected species; Official Gazette of RS 5/2010, 47/2011, 32/2016, 98/2016).</p> <p>Genus Paladilhiopsis Pavlović, 1913</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFFAFFF4FF4119AEFDA9DF93	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFFDFFF4FF411CF3FEBCDDA7.text	03CDA653FFFDFFF4FF411CF3FEBCDDA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paladilhiopsis serbica (Pavlovic 1913)	<div><p>34. Paladilhiopsis serbica (Pavlović, 1913)</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Lartetia serbica: Pavlović (1913).</p> <p>Paladilhia serbica: Jaeckel et al. (1958).</p> <p>Paladilhia (Paladilhiopsis) serbica: Schütt (1970); Jovanović (1995; 1997).</p> <p>Morphology. Minute snails (cylindrical shell up to 4 mm high).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Serbian endemic species. Type locality is Čočića vrelo Spring (Bajina Bašta Municipality, Tara Mtn., western Serbia).</p> <p>Other remarks. Apart from type locality, the species was found only in Podpeška jama Spring (Užice Municipality) (Schütt 1970). Boeters (1998) has considered this Balkan endemic genus as a synonym of the more widespread Palearctic genus Bythiospeum Bourguignat, 1882. It is considered as NT on the IUCN Red List (Páll-Gergely &amp; Erõss 2011).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFFDFFF4FF411CF3FEBCDDA7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFFDFFF4FF411FDBFD10DAC4.text	03CDA653FFFDFFF4FF411FDBFD10DAC4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Valvata cristata O. F. Muller 1774	<div><p>35. Valvata cristata O. F. Müller, 1774</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Valvata cristata: Hesse (1929); Karaman (2001); Paunović et al. (2007a); Martinović-Vitanović et al. (2013).</p> <p>Common name. Crested valve snail, flat valve snail.</p> <p>Morphology. Minute snails up to 3.5 mm long/wide. Shell is flat, transparent, and consists of three whorls. Aperture is circular in shape, umbilicus is wide. For more details see Welter-Schultes (2012: 42, figure at the bottom of the page).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. European species, known from Turkey and Iran as well (Glöer 2019). Inhabits a wide variety of habitats, including permanent and temporary flowing and standing waters. Prefers a muddy substrate, submerged vegetation and higher carbonate levels. In Serbia, it was recorded only from the Danube, with most localities in the Iron-Gate area.</p> <p>Other remarks. Despite its wide distribution and its eutrophication tolerance, it is considered vulnerable, or even endangered, due to pronounced habitat degradation in some regions, (Welter-Schultes 2012). On the IUCN Red List it has been assessed as LC (Vavrova 2011 e).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFFDFFF4FF411FDBFD10DAC4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFFDFFF5FF411A3FFC04DFF7.text	03CDA653FFFDFFF5FF411A3FFC04DFF7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Valvata macrostoma Morch 1864	<div><p>36. Valvata macrostoma Mörch, 1864</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Valvata pulchella: Hesse (1929); Jaeckel et al. (1958); Karaman (2001); Karaman &amp; Karaman (2007); Martinović-Vitanović et al. (2013); Gojšina (pers. comm. 2021).</p> <p>Common name. Bog valve snail, large-mouthed valve snail.</p> <p>Morphology. Minute snails up to 5 mm long/wide. Shell has depressed, small spire, whorls are rapidly increasing, umbilicus is wide. For more details see Welter-Schultes (2012: 43, figure at the bottom of the page).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. European-Siberian lowland species (Glöer 2019). Prefers muddy and sandy substrate of slow–flowing or standing waters. In Serbia, most records are from the Danube. There are also records from Zasavica Wetland (Sremska Mitrovica Municipality), Jezava River (Smederevo Municipality) and Petnica Lake (Valjevo Municipality).</p> <p>Other remarks. Despite its wide distribution range, the species is rare and endangered in some regions due to habitat destruction. It is critically endangered in Switzerland, Czech Republic and Germany, and endangered in Austria and the Netherlands; vulnerable in Poland and England (Welter-Schultes 2012). On the IUCN Red List it has been assessed as LC, yet with decreasing population trend (Fehér 2011 c).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFFDFFF5FF411A3FFC04DFF7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFFCFFF5FF411FFEFD91D9BA.text	03CDA653FFFCFFF5FF411FFEFD91D9BA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Borysthenia naticina (Menke 1845)	<div><p>38. Borysthenia naticina (Menke, 1845)</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Valvata naticina: Frank et al. (1990); Arambašić (1994); Karaman (2001); Paunović et al. (2005, 2007a, 2008).</p> <p>Borysthenia naticina: Paunović et al. (2012 a); Martinović-Vitanović et al. (2013); Novaković (2013).</p> <p>Morphology. Minute snails up to 5 mm long/wide. Shell is globular, solid, and consists of 3.5–4 whorls. Aperture is pointed at the top, umbilicus is open. For more details see Welter-Schultes (2012: 46, figure on the top of the page).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Central-European Pontic-Baltic species (Glöer 2019). Prefers fine substrate (sand, mud and sand) in larger rivers and lakes (Welter-Schultes 2012; Zettler 2012). In Serbia, it was recorded in the Danube, Sava and Zapadna Morava Rivers.</p> <p>Other remarks. In some parts of its range the species is considered critically endangered (Germany and Poland) (Welter-Schultes 2012). On the IUCN Red List of threatened species it has been assessed as LC (Vavrova &amp; Seddon 2011).</p> <p>Infraclasis Euthyneura Spengel, 1881</p> <p>Cohort Tectipleura Schrödl et al., 2011</p> <p>Superorer Hygrophila Férussac, 1822</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFFCFFF5FF411FFEFD91D9BA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFFCFFF5FF411D2EFD4DDC1B.text	03CDA653FFFCFFF5FF411D2EFD4DDC1B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Valvata piscinalis (O. F. Muller 1774)	<div><p>37. Valvata piscinalis (O. F. Müller, 1774)</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Valvata piscinalis. Hesse (1929); Jaeckel et al. (1958); Tomić (1959); Frank et al. (1990); Karaman (2001, 2005); Paunović et al. (2005, 2007a); Karaman &amp; Karaman, (2007); Marković et al. (2013); Martinović-Vitanović et al. 2013; Novaković (2013, pers. comm. 2015).</p> <p>Common name. European valve snail, European stream Valvata.</p> <p>Morphology. Minute snails up to 6 mm long/wide. Helicoid shell is yellow, green, brown or whitish, with variable height. Umbilicus is open, aperture is circular, but slightly angulated at the top. For more details see Welter-Schultes (2012. 44, figure on the top of the page).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. European species, found in Armenia, Turkey and Iran as well (Glöer 2019). It prefers muddy substrate of slow–flowing rivers, tolerating lower carbonates and soil levels (Welter-Schultes 2012). In Serbia most findings are from the Danube River.Apart from the Danube, more recently it was recorded in the Velika Morava and Zapadna Morava Rivers, and in Plazović River.</p> <p>Other remarks. Glöer (2019) recognizes two morphological forms as subspecies, viz., Valvata p. discors Westerlund, 1886 and V. p. piscinalis (O. F. Müller, 1774, but their taxonomic status remains unclear. On the IUCN Red List it has been assessed as LC (Seddon 2011 k).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFFCFFF5FF411D2EFD4DDC1B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFFFFFF6FF411F82FDDED99E.text	03CDA653FFFFFFF6FF411F82FDDED99E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Galba truncatula (O. F. Muller 1774)	<div><p>40. Galba truncatula (O.F. Müller, 1774)</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Lymnaea truncatula: Hesse (1929); Jaeckel et al. (1958); Tomić (1959); Simić (1996); Karaman &amp; Živić (2001).</p> <p>Lymnaea (Galba) truncatula: Karaman (2001).</p> <p>Galba truncatula: Frank et al. (1990); Karaman &amp; Karaman (2007); Gojšina (2021 pers. comm.).</p> <p>Common name. Dwarf mud snail, dwarf pond snail.</p> <p>Morphology. Small-sized snail (conical shell up to 9 mm long/high). Shell is striated, with 5–6 step-like whorls. Aperture is oval, umbilicus is open and deep. For more details see Welter-Schultes (2012: 49, figure at the bottom of the page).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Holarctic species. Amphibious semi-terrestrial snail preferring small water bodies (meadows, ponds, marshes, brooks) and temporal habitats (Trouve et al 2005; Welter-Schultes 2012; Dreyfuss et al. 2015). Fairly scarce findings in Serbia include the Danube River, and few smaller watercourses (Vlasina, Moravica and Veternica Rivers, Kudoški canal) and Obedska bara Wetland.</p> <p>Other remarks. Shell morphology can be very variable, particularly in regard to spire height. It could be misidentified as degenerated forms of Stagnicola palustris (O.F. Müller, 1774) (Glöer 2019). In Europe, it is known as an intermediate host for trematodes (Fascicola hepatica and others) thus serving as a disease vector (details in Dreyfuss et al 2015). In some habitats with low population densities, or even individual presence of snails, selffertilization is common (Trouve et al. 2005). On the IUCN Red List it has been assessed as LC (Van Damme &amp; Kebapçý 2011 a).</p> <p>Genus Stagnicola Jeffreys, 1830</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFFFFFF6FF411F82FDDED99E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFFFFFF6FF411CBAFE0EDCA2.text	03CDA653FFFFFFF6FF411CBAFE0EDCA2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lymnaea stagnalis (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>39. Lymnaea stagnalis (Linnaeus, 1758)</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Lymnaea (Lymnaea) stagnalis: Karaman (2001).</p> <p>Lymnaea stagnalis: Tomić (1959); Frank et al. (1990); Jovanović (1990); Karaman (2001); Paunović et al. (2005); Karaman &amp; Karaman (2007); Marković et al. (2012); Novaković (2014 –2019 pers. comm.); Gojšina (2021 pers. comm.).</p> <p>Common name. Great pond snail.</p> <p>Morphology. Large snails (conical shell with elongated pointed spire up to 50 mm long/high). Shell consists of 4.5–6 whorls, upper whorls are pointed, last whorl is inflated, umbilicus is closed. For more details see Welter-Schultes (2012: 50, figure on the top of the page).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Holarctic species, reaches altitudes up to 1700 m.a.s.l. (Switzerland). Prefers shallow zones of stagnant and slow–flowing waters with dense vegetation (Glöer 2019). Fairly common snail in the Pannonian part of Serbia. It has been reported from the Danube and Sava Rivers, canals in the DTD system, streams and smaller rivers, lakes, ponds, marshes and accumulations in Vojvodina (Zlatica and Stari Begej Rivers, Ludaš and Kraljevac Lakes, Petrovaradinski rit, Obedska bara and Zasavica Wetlands). Also found in Petnica Lake (Valjevo Municipality). In Serbia, it reaches altitudes up to 200 m. a.s.l.</p> <p>Other remarks. Shell morphology is extremely variable. On the IUCN Red List of threatened species it has been assessed as LC (Kebapçý &amp; Van Damme 2011 a).</p> <p>Genus Galba Schrank, 1803</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFFFFFF6FF411CBAFE0EDCA2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFFFFFF7FF411AC6FC6CDEF3.text	03CDA653FFFFFFF7FF411AC6FC6CDEF3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stagnicola palustris (O. F. Muller 1774) Gloer 2019	<div><p>41. Stagnicola palustris (O.F. Muller, 1774)</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Lymnaea (Stagnicola) palustris: Karaman (2001).</p> <p>Stagnicola palustris palustris: Karaman &amp; Karaman (2007).</p> <p>Stagnicola palustris: Frank et al. (1990); Savić et al. (2016).</p> <p>Common name. Common European pond snail, common pond snail, marsh snail.</p> <p>Morphology. Medium-sized snails (elongated conical shell up to 20 mm long/high). Shell is brownish with 4.5–6 whorls. Animal is dark with golden spots. For more details see Welter-Schultes (2012: 55, figure in the middle of the page).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Holarctic species up to 1800 m.a.s.l (in Serbia up to 300 m. a.s.l). Muddy bottoms with plenty of vegetation in slow–flowing or stagnant lowland waters are its main habitats (Beran 2008; Welter-Schultes 2012). In Serbia, it was found in Danube, Sava and Nišava Rivers, canals in Vojvodina, Obedska bara and Zasavica Wetlands, and in Ludaš Lake.</p> <p>Other remarks. The snail can be amphibious at times, and it is the only representative of this genus which could be occasionally found in the mud outside of the water (above the water level) (Welter-Schultes 2012). On the IUCN Red List it has been assessed as LC (von Proschwitz, 2011 b).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFFFFFF7FF411AC6FC6CDEF3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFFEFFF7FF4118AAFDDAD826.text	03CDA653FFFEFFF7FF4118AAFDDAD826.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ampullaceana balthica (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>43. Ampullaceana balthica (Linnaeus, 1758)</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Lymnaea ovata: Jaeckel et al. (1958).</p> <p>Radix ovata: Liska &amp; Slobodnik (2008).</p> <p>Radix balthica: Karaman &amp; Karam (2007); Novaković (2013, pers. comm. 2013-2019); Savić et al. (2016); Živić (2020).</p> <p>Common name. Wandering pond snail.</p> <p>Morphology. Medium-sized snail (shell up to 20 mm high). Shell is thin, light, horny and translucent. A weak lip can be found inside the aperture, on occasions. For more details see Welter-Schultes (2012: 53, figure on the top of the page).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Palearctic species preferring stagnant and slow-flowing waters, rich with vegetation, and muddy, gravel or rocky substrate (Welter-Schultes 2012; Glöer 2019). In Serbia, it was found in the Danube, Sava, Tisza, Begej, Zapadna Morava and Nišava Rivers, DTD canal system, and in Zasavica Wetland.</p> <p>Other remarks. Shell morphology very variable (Schniebs et al. 2011; Glöer 2019). On the IUCN Red List of threatened species, it has been assessed as LC (Vavrova 2011 b).</p> <p>Genus Peregriana Servain, 1882</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFFEFFF7FF4118AAFDDAD826	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFFEFFF7FF411DD2FE82DC87.text	03CDA653FFFEFFF7FF411DD2FE82DC87.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stagnicola turricula (Held 1836)	<div><p>42. Stagnicola turricula (Held, 1836)</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Stagnicola turricula: Karaman (2001); Karaman &amp; Karaman (2007).</p> <p>Common name. Slender pond snail.</p> <p>Morphology: Medium-sized snails (elongated conical shell up to 17 mm long/high). Shell with 6–7 convex whorls and deep suture. For more details see Glöer (2019: 232, fig. 289).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Danuban species. Prefers standing waters. Scarce findings in Serbia are limited to Obedska bara Wetland, and ponds in Dolovo and near the Tamiš River (Pančevo Municipality).</p> <p>Other remarks. The species sometimes is stated as conspecific with Stagnicola palustris, yet based on their anatomical differences, it can be regarded as a valid species (Glöer 2019). Genetic data should shed more light on those interspecific relations. On the IUCN Red List of threatened species it has been assessed as LC (Kebapçý &amp; Van Damme 2011 b).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFFEFFF7FF411DD2FE82DC87	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFFEFFF8FF411B1EFE06DC1A.text	03CDA653FFFEFFF8FF411B1EFE06DC1A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Peregriana labiata (Rossmassler 1835)	<div><p>44. Peregriana labiata (Rossmässler, 1835)</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Radix peregra: Frank et al. (1990); Arambašić (1994); Jovanović (1995 a, 1995 b, 1998); Reh et al. (1997); Karaman (2005).</p> <p>Lymnaea peregra: Möllendorff (1873); Jaeckel et al. (1958); Tomić (1959); Arambašić (1994); Simić (1996); Karaman &amp; Živić (2001); Paunović et al. (2005, 2007a); Živić et al. (2005, 2006).</p> <p>Lymnaea (Radix) peregra: Karaman (2001).</p> <p>Radix labiata: Karaman &amp; Karaman (2007); Martinović–Vitanović et al. (2013); Novaković (2012, 2013, pers. comm. 2013–2019); Živić (2020).</p> <p>Morphology. Medium-sized snail (shell up to 20 mm high). Shell is usually brown, apex is pointed, and animal itself is yellow, or green, with black spots. For more details see Welter-Schultes (2012: 53, figure in the middle of the page).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Palearctic species up to 2700 m.a.s.l, in Serbia up to 800 m. a.s.l. Prefers smaller stagnant and slow-flowing waters, with impacts of groundwaters, on a sandy, gravel or rocky substrate. Can endure drought periods (Welter-Schultes 2012). One of the most common freshwater snails in Serbia. It was recorded in a wide variety of habitats, including the Danube, Sava, Drina, Jadar, Zapadna Morava, Južna Morava, Temska, Visočica, Toplica, Mlava, Trešnjica and Zamna Rivers, streams on Fruška Gora Mtn., Zasavica Wetland, ponds near the Ludaš Lake etc.</p> <p>Other remarks. Shell morphology is fairly constant, yet in some cases, it can be misidentified as Ampullaceana balthica (Glöer 2019). The taxonomy is not fully resolved yet (MolluscaBase 2021). On the IUCN Red List it has been assessed as LC (von Proschwitz 2011 a).</p> <p>Genus Radix Montfort, 1810</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFFEFFF8FF411B1EFE06DC1A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFF1FFF8FF411F4AFCB8D973.text	03CDA653FFF1FFF8FF411F4AFCB8D973.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Radix auricularia (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>45. Radix auricularia (Linnaeus, 1758)</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Melanopsis auricularis: Möllendorff (1873).</p> <p>Gulnaria auricularia: Tomić (1959).</p> <p>Lymnaea (Radix) auricularia: Karaman (2001, 2001 a).</p> <p>Lymnaea auricularia: Arambašić (1994); Simić (1996); Simić &amp; Simić (2004); Planojević et al. (2010); Marković et al. (2012).</p> <p>Radix auricularia: Frank et al. (1990); Jovanović (1990); Karaman (2005); Karaman &amp; Karaman (2007); Marković et al. (2013, 2015); Martinović-Vitanović et al. (2013); Novaković (2013, pers. comm. 2014-2018); Savić et al. (2016); Stojanović (2017).</p> <p>Common name. Big-ear radix.</p> <p>Morphology. Medium-sized to large snails (shell up to 30 mm high). Spire is short, pointed and very small, aperture is ear-shaped, umbilicus is closed. For more details see Glöer (2019: 236, figs 294–295).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Palearctic species, up to 1900 m.a.s.l (in Serbia up to 750 m. a.s.l.). Stagnant and slow-flowing waters rich with vegetation (Welter-Schultes 2012). In Serbia, one of the common species. It has been reported from the Danube, Sava, Tamiš, Karaš, Velika Morava, Nišava, Južna Morava, Zapadna Morava, Lepenica, Rasina, Rača, Mlava, Radovanska reka Rivers, Zasavica and Pančevački rit Wetlands and Savsko jezero Lake. It has been recorded in the Tisza and Kireš (Körös) Rivers in Vojvodina as well (Novaković pers. comm. 2014-2018).</p> <p>Other remarks. The type species of the genus Radix. Highly variable morphology, with many forms described, two of those are Radix. a.tumida and R. a.subampla (more details in Glöer 2019). On the IUCN Red List of threatened species it has been assessed as LC (Seddon et al. 2014).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFF1FFF8FF411F4AFCB8D973	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFF1FFF9FF411B1EFBD4DEAB.text	03CDA653FFF1FFF9FF411B1EFBD4DEAB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acroloxus lacustris (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>46. Acroloxus lacustris (Linnaeus, 1758)</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Acroloxus lacustris: Jakovčev-Todorović et al. (2005); Paunović et al. (2005, 2007a, 2008); Martinović-Vitanović et al. (2013); Tomović et al. (2014); Lucić et al. (2015); Gojšina (2021 pers. comm.).</p> <p>Common name. Lake limpet.</p> <p>Morphology: Small-sized snail (thin-walled translucent shell up to 7 mm long). Shell is yellowish grey and flat, apex is bent to the left side. For more details see Welter-Schultes (2012: 46, figure at the bottom of the page).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Palearctic species. Standing or slow-flowing waters with dense vegetation and high oxygen content (Welter-Schultes 2012). Usually can be found on vegetation, floating leaves, timber/roots. In Serbia, it was recorded in the Danube and Sava Rivers and Obedska bara Wetland.</p> <p>Other remarks. Shell morphology very variable. Threatened by water pollution and habitat destruction (Welter-Schultes 2012). On the IUCN Red List it has been assessed as LC (Killeen 2011).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFF1FFF9FF411B1EFBD4DEAB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFF0FFF9FF411E9EFDD5DA2E.text	03CDA653FFF0FFF9FF411E9EFDD5DA2E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physa fontinalis (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>47. Physa fontinalis (Linnaeus, 1758)</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Physa fontinalis: Tomić (1959); Arambašić (1994); Karaman (2001); Simić &amp; Simić (2004); Karaman &amp; Karaman (2007); Paunović et al. (2007 a, 2008); Marković et al. (2013, 2015); Martinović-Vitanović et al. (2013).</p> <p>Common name. Common bladder snail.</p> <p>Morphology. Medium-sized snail (shell up to 12 mm in height). Sinistral glossy thin-walled conical shell. Apex is blunt, mantle has finger-like extensions. For more details see Welter-Schultes (2012: 56, figure at the bottom of the page).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Holarctic species up to 1000 m.a.s.l. (in Serbia mainly bellow 250 m. a.s.l.). Prefers clean standing or slow-flowing waters with vegetation (Glöer 2019). In Serbia, it was recorded from Savsko jezero Lake, Zasavica, Obedska bara and Pančevački rit Wetlands, Danube, Sava and Velika Morava Rivers, as well as from a few smaller accumulations in the Belgrade region (Bela reka, Pariguz and Duboki potok).</p> <p>Other remarks. Endangered in Switzerland and Austria. Vulnerable in Germany (Welter-Schultes 2012). On the IUCN Red List of threatened species it has been assessed as LC (Van Damme 2011 a).</p> <p>Genus Physella Haldeman, 1842</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFF0FFF9FF411E9EFDD5DA2E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFF0FFFAFF411916FC67DFF6.text	03CDA653FFF0FFFAFF411916FC67DFF6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physella acuta (Draparnaud 1805)	<div><p>48. Physella acuta (Draparnaud, 1805)</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Phvsa acuta: Matoničkin et al. (1975); Jovanović (1990); Arambašić (1994); Karaman &amp; Živić (2001); Marković et al. (2012, 2015); Martinović-Vitanović et al. (2013); Novaković (2014).</p> <p>Physa (Physella) acuta: Karaman (2001); Paunović et al. (2007 a).</p> <p>Haitia acuta: Karaman (2005).</p> <p>Physella (Costatella) acuta: Karaman &amp; Karaman (2007).</p> <p>Physella acuta: Frank et al. (1990); Jovanović (1995 a); Reh et al. (1997); Novaković (2012, 2013, 2014); Marković et al. (2013); Raković et al. (2016).</p> <p>Common name. European Physa, tadpole snail, bladder snail and acute bladder snail.</p> <p>Morphology. Medium-sized snail (up to 16 mm /height). Sinistral, glossy, conical shell with acute apex. Mantle lacks finger-like extensions, and has gold spots, easily visible below the shell surface. Animal is black with violet hue. For more details see Welter-Schultes (2012: 56, figures in the middle and the top of the page).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Nearctic species, invasive in Europe (France as the first recipient region), present in Southern, Western and Central Europe. Standing and slowly flowing waters, tolerates drought and higher water temperatures. Prefers meso-to eutrophic waters with a muddy bottom (Glöer 2019). Widespread in Serbia: Danube, Sava, Tisza, Velika Morava, Zapadna Morava, Južna Morava, Karaš, Mlava, Nišava, Toplica, Brestovačka reka Rivers and DTD canals. Novaković (2014) has reported the highest abundances of this snail in medium-sized rivers with gravel-rocky bottom in central Serbia (Despotovica, Lepenica and Toplica Rievrs).</p> <p>Other remarks. Morphologically it resembles Physella gyrina (Say 1821), and can be misidentified. On the IUCN Red List it has been assessed as LC (Van Damme et al. 2017).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFF0FFFAFF411916FC67DFF6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFF3FFFAFF411D9AFD4CDC7E.text	03CDA653FFF3FFFAFF411D9AFD4CDC7E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aplexa hypnorum (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>49. Aplexa hypnorum (Linnaeus, 1758)</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Aplexa hypnorum: Tomić (1959); Gojšina (2021 pers. comm.).</p> <p>Common name. Moss bladder snail.</p> <p>Morphology. Medium–sized snail (shell up to 15 mm /height). Sinistral, shiny, elongated, conical shell with shallow suture. Mantle is without finger-like extensions, animal is black. For more details see Welter-Schultes (2012: 57, figures in the middle of the page).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Holarctic species, in Serbia found in northern lowland part of the country. Prefers small stagnant waters, including temporary habitats (Welter-Schultes 2012).</p> <p>Other remarks. The snail can be found on vegetation, outside of water. It has the ability to move quickly, and it is considered as the fastest freshwater snail in that regard (Welter-Schultes 2012). On the IUCN Red List it has been assessed as LC (Seddon &amp; Killeen 2011a).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFF3FFFAFF411D9AFD4CDC7E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFF3FFFBFF4118E2FDD4DF93.text	03CDA653FFF3FFFBFF4118E2FDD4DF93.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ancylus fluviatilis O. F. Muller 1774	<div><p>50. Ancylus fluviatilis O. F. Müller, 1774</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Ancylus fluviatilis: Jaeckel et al. (1958); Jovanović (1995 a, 1995 b, 1998); Reh et al. (1997); Karaman (2001); Karaman &amp; Živić (2001, 2005); Jović et al. (2006); Živić et al. (2006); Karaman &amp; Karaman (2007); Đikanović et al. (2008); Savić et al. (2016); Stojanović (2017); Živić (2020).</p> <p>Ancylus capuloides: possible misidentification in Möllendorff (1873).</p> <p>Common name. River limpet.</p> <p>Morphology. Small-sized snail (up to 8 mm long). Shell is flat and translucent with reticulate sculpture. Apex is blunt and slightly bent to the right side, animal is grey. For more details see Welter-Schultes (2012: 48, figure on the top of the page).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Palearctic species up to 2300 m.a.s.l (in Serbia up to 1200 m.a.s.l.). Common in clean springs, streams, smaller and medium-sized rivers with hard substrate and high oxygen content (Welter-Schultes 2012). In Serbia, one of the most frequent species in the southern hilly-mountainous parts. Reports from the northern, Pannonian part, are scarce, and limited to few streams at Fruška Gora Mtn.. It has been reported from the Iron Gate Danube (Karataš) as well.</p> <p>Other remarks. On the IUCN Red List of threatened species it has been assessed as LC (Albrecht et al. 2011).</p> <p>Genus Ferrissia B. Walker, 1903</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFF3FFFBFF4118E2FDD4DF93	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFF2FFFBFF411B7BFD9FD8FC.text	03CDA653FFF2FFFBFF411B7BFD9FD8FC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anisus leucostoma (Millet 1813)	<div><p>53. Anisus leucostoma (Millet, 1813)</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Paraspira leucostoma: Hesse (1929).</p> <p>Anisus leucostoma: Jaeckel et al. (1958).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFF2FFFBFF411B7BFD9FD8FC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFF2FFFBFF411CF3FE03DDD3.text	03CDA653FFF2FFFBFF411CF3FE03DDD3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ferrissia californica (Rowell 1863)	<div><p>51. Ferrissia californica (Rowell, 1863)</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Ferrissia wautieri: Velkovrh (1974).</p> <p>Ferrissia fragilis: Raković (2015); Gojšina (2021, pers. comm.); Stojanović (2021 pers. comm.).</p> <p>Common name: Fragile ancylid.</p> <p>Morphology. Small-sized snail, up to 6 mm long. Flattened, translucent and thin shell with apex bent to the right side. For more details see Welter-Schultes (2012: 49, figures in the middle of the page).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Invasive species (Nearctic orign), wide ecological valence. Often found on submerged water plants. Prefers shallow stagnant or slowly flowing waters (Glöer 2019). In Serbia, reported from the Danube, a flooded gravel pit near the Nera River, and few smaller ponds (Tvrdenjava near Belgrade, Vrnjačka banja Spa).</p> <p>Other remarks. The species can be confused with Acroloxus lacustris sometimes. It tolerates droughts by forming a septum and closing the shell. This species is often found in clusters, with two or more smaller individuals sticking on the back of the larger one (Glöer 2019). On the IUCN Red List of threatened species, it has been assessed as LC (Cordeiro &amp; Perez 2011).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFF2FFFBFF411CF3FE03DDD3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFF2FFFBFF411837FE6CD90F.text	03CDA653FFF2FFFBFF411837FE6CD90F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Planorbarius corneus (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>52. Planorbarius corneus (Linnaeus, 1758)</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Planorbarius corneus: Hesse (1929); Jaeckel et al. (1958); Frank et al. (1990); Jovanović (1990, 1995 a, 1998); Arambašić (1994); Reh et al. (1997); Karaman (2001, 2001 a); Karaman &amp; Živić (2001); Živić et al. (2005, 2006); Karaman &amp; Karaman (2007); Savić et al. (2016); Stojanović (2017); Živić (2020); Gojšina (2021 pers. comm.).</p> <p>Common name. Great ramshorn.</p> <p>Morphology. Large snails up to 35 mm diameter. Shell is flattened and thick, weakly striated. It consists of 4.5–5 fast increasing whorls. For more details see Glöer (2019: 265, fig. 331).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Holarctic species up to 750 m. a.s.l. (in Serbia up to 600 m. a.s.l.). Lives in standing and slow-flowing waters with a muddy substrate, and plenty of vegetation (Welter-Schultes 2012). Quite common in Serbia this species has been found in Kraljevac Lake, Obedska bara and Carska bara Wetlands, Danube, Tamiš, Sava, Nišava, Visočica, Toplica Rivers, and few other rivers from the southern part of Serbia.</p> <p>Other remarks. Due to self-fertilization it has a quite high spreading potential, sometimes only one snail can form stable populations in new habitats (Welter-Schultes 2012). On the IUCN Red List it has been assessed as LC (Albrecht et al. 2010).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFF2FFFBFF411837FE6CD90F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFF5FFFCFF411CBBFDA2DD1F.text	03CDA653FFF5FFFCFF411CBBFDA2DD1F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anisus (Anisus) leucostoma (Millet 1813)	<div><p>Anisus (Anisus) leucostoma: Karaman &amp; Karaman (2007).</p> <p>Common name. Button ramshorn, white-lipped ramshorn snail.</p> <p>Morphology. Small-sized snail (up to 9 mm diameter). Very shiny, flattened shell is bluntly keeled, last whorl is slightly wider than penultimate whorl. For more details see Welter-Schultes (2012: 58, figure at the bottom of the page).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Western Palearctic species up to 1800 m.a.s.l. Lives in various habitats, yet it is typical in periodical small stagnant waters, as it tolerates longer periods of drought (Welter–Schultes 2012). Scarce findings in Serbia, all of it from the 20 th century. Danube and Jezava Rivers, DTD canal, and ponds in Deliblatska peščara sandy area.</p> <p>Other remarks. Some authors considered it as conspecific with Anisus spirorbis (Linnaeus, 1758). Outside Europe the species is also found in Iran (Glöer 2019). On the IUCN Red List of threatened species it has been assessed as LC (Killeen &amp; Seddon 2011 a).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFF5FFFCFF411CBBFDA2DD1F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFF5FFFCFF411E46FEAADB17.text	03CDA653FFF5FFFCFF411E46FEAADB17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anisus septemgyratus (Rossmassler 1835)	<div><p>54. Anisus septemgyratus (Rossmässler, 1835)</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Paraspira septemgyrata: Hesse (1929).</p> <p>Anisus septemgyratus: Jaeckel et al. (1958).</p> <p>Anisus (Anisus) septemgyratus: Karaman &amp; Karaman (2007); Gojšina (2021 pers. comm.).</p> <p>Morphology. Small-sized snail (up to 8 mm diameter). Shell is thin and flat, with 7–8.5 regularly increasing whorls. Aperture is oval. For more details see Welter-Schultes (2012: 59, figure on the top of the page).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Central European species. Lives in small stagnant waters in lowlands. Tolerates temporary droughts (from Welter-Schultes 2012). Scarce findings in Serbia are limited to the Pannonian part—the Danube River, ponds and accumulations near the Danube, and few canals in DTD system.</p> <p>Other remarks. The species is considered extinct in Austria, critically endangered in the Czech Republic, and vulnerable in Germany and Poland. On the IUCN Red List of threatened species, it has been assessed as LC (Killeen &amp; Seddon 2011).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFF5FFFCFF411E46FEAADB17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFF5FFFCFF41184FFEE3D99F.text	03CDA653FFF5FFFCFF41184FFEE3D99F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anisus spirorbis (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>55. Anisus spirorbis (Linnaeus, 1758)</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Paraspira spirorbis: Hesse (1929).</p> <p>Anisus spirorbis: Karaman (2001 a).</p> <p>Anisus (Spirorbis) spirorbis: Karaman (2001).</p> <p>Anisus (Anisus) spirorbis: Karaman &amp; Karaman (2007).</p> <p>Morphology. Small-sized snail. (up to 6 mm diameter). Shell is flattened and translucent with 4–5 whorls. Animal is red or grey with transparent tentacles. For more details see Welter-Schultes (2012: 59, figure in the middle of the page).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Western Palearctic species up to 1500 m.a.s.l. Inhabits small stagnant waters in lowland regions. Tolerates temporary droughts. Populations can be abundant under optimal conditions (Welter-Schultes 2012). In Serbia, its scarce findings are limited to the Danube River, and few ponds near the Danube and Tamiš Rivers.</p> <p>Other remarks. The type species of the genus. Endangered in Germany and Austria, vulnerable in Switzerland. This snail can be confused with Anisus leucostoma, and sometimes it is considered as a broad-whorled morphotype of the latter species (Glöer, 2019). On the IUCN Red List of threatened species it has been assessed as LC (Vavrova et al. 2011).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFF5FFFCFF41184FFEE3D99F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFF5FFFDFF411AC6FD76DE8F.text	03CDA653FFF5FFFDFF411AC6FD76DE8F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anisus vortex (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>56. Anisus vortex (Linnaeus, 1758)</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Planorbis vortex: Möllendorff (1873).</p> <p>Spiralina vortex compressa: Hesse (1929).</p> <p>Anisus vortex: Frank et al. (1990); Jovanović (1990); Novaković (2014 –2020 pers. comm.); Savić et al. (2016). Anisus (Disculifer) vortex: Karaman (2001); Karaman &amp; Karaman (2007).</p> <p>Common name. Whirlpool ramshorn snail.</p> <p>Morphology. Small-sized snail (up to 9 mm diameter). Shell is flattened and slim, strongly keeled. For more details see Welter-Schultes (2012: 59, figure at the bottom of the page).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. European-Siberian species up to 1000 m.a.s.l. Lives in small stagnant and slowflowing waters rich with vegetation in lowland regions. It can inhabit temporary habitats as well, yet it needs moist substrate preserved during drought periods (Welter-Schultes 2012). In Serbia, scarce findings—the Danube River, a few ponds near the Danube, DTD canals, and Plazović and Jezava Rivers.</p> <p>Other remarks. Vulnerable in Austria and Switzerland (Welter-Schultes 2012). On the IUCN Red List it has been assessed as LC (Moorkens et al. 2011).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFF5FFFDFF411AC6FD76DE8F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFF4FFFDFF411DF7FABEDCEB.text	03CDA653FFF4FFFDFF411DF7FABEDCEB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anisus vorticulus (Troschel 1834)	<div><p>57. Anisus vorticulus (Troschel, 1834)</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Anisus vorticulus: Frank et al. (1990).</p> <p>Anisus (Disculifer) vorticulus: Karaman (2001); Karaman &amp; Karaman (2007); Novaković (2014, 2016, pers. comm. 2018).</p> <p>Common name. Lesser whirlpool ramshorn snail.</p> <p>Morphology. Small-sized snail (up to 7 mm diameter). Brownish shell is flattened and slim, with blunt keel. For more details see Welter-Schultes (2012: 60, figure on the top of the page).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Western Palearctic species preferring unpolluted small stagnant waters with plenty of vegetation (Glöer 2019). Scarce findings in Serbia, known only from Zasavica and Kovalski rit Wetlands and Plazović River.</p> <p>Other remarks. Critically endangered in Germany, Austria and Czech Republic. Endangered in Italy and Switzerland. Vulnerable in Poland and England (from Welter-Schultes 2012). On the IUCN Red List it has been assessed as NT (Vavrova 2011 a). This snail is listed in the 92/43 EEC Directive (annexes II and IV; Directive 1992)</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFF4FFFDFF411DF7FABEDCEB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFF4FFFDFF41184EFDB5D9BA.text	03CDA653FFF4FFFDFF41184EFDB5D9BA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Armiger crista (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>58. Armiger crista (Linnaeus, 1758)</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Gyraulus (Armiger) crista: Novaković (2015 pers. comm.); Gojšina (2021 pers. comm.).</p> <p>Common name. Nautilus ramshorn.</p> <p>Morphology. Minute snail (up to 3 mm diameter). Shell is thin and translucent, finely striated and sometimes ribbed. Aperture is nearly circular, while the shell is convex at the upper side and flat, or convex, on the lower side. For more details see Welter-Schultes (2012: 62, figure at the bottom of the page).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Holarctic species up to 1400 m.a.s.l. (a few lowland findings in Serbia, up to 100 m. a.s.l.) Inhabits permanent smaller water bodies, lakes and ponds rich in vegetation. Can tolerate soft waters (Welter-Schultes 2012). In Serbia, it has been found in the Danube (Kovin Municipality) and Plazović Rivers.</p> <p>Other remarks. Shell morphology can be variable, hence three morphotypes: Armiger c. f. nautileus (smooth form), A. c. f. cristatus (ribbed form) and A. c. f. spinulosus (jagged form) (Glöer 2019). On the IUCN Red List of threatened species, it has been assessed as LC (Seddon &amp; Killeen 2011b).</p> <p>Genus Gyraulus Charpentier, 1837</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFF4FFFDFF41184EFDB5D9BA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFF4FFFEFF411AEAFEEBDEAB.text	03CDA653FFF4FFFEFF411AEAFEEBDEAB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gyraulus acronicus (J. B. Ferussac 1807)	<div><p>59. Gyraulus acronicus (J.B. Férussac, 1807)</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Gyraulus gredleri: Hesse (1929).</p> <p>Gyraulus (Gyraulus) acronicus: Karaman (2001); Novaković (2014, 2016, 2018 pers. comm.).</p> <p>Common name. Thames ramshorn snail.</p> <p>Morphology. Small-sized snail (up to 7 mm diameter). Shell is flattened, regularly striated with mat surface, sometimes slightly keeled. For more details see Welter-Schultes (2012: 61, figure on the top of the page).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Holarctic species up to 2000 m.a.s.l., preferring clean slow-flowing and stagnant waters rich with vegetation (Welter-Schultes 2012). In Serbia this snail has rare findings. It has been reported from the Danube (early 20 th century), from few small ponds along the Danube (late 20 th century), and from the Plazović River most recently.</p> <p>Other remarks. The species can be confused with Gyraulus laevis (Alder, 1838), but lacks a shiny shell surface of the latter. Critically endangered in Germany and Switzerland, and considered as a glacial relict (Welter-Schultes 2012; Glöer 2019). On the IUCN Red List of threatened species it has been assessed as DD (Falkner &amp; von Proschwitz 2011).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFF4FFFEFF411AEAFEEBDEAB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFF7FFFEFF411D9AFBDFDCEB.text	03CDA653FFF7FFFEFF411D9AFBDFDCEB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gyraulus albus (O. F. Muller 1774)	<div><p>60. Gyraulus albus (O. F. Müller, 1774)</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Planorbis albus: Muller, 1774 Möllendorff (1873); Wohlberedt (1909).</p> <p>Gyraulus albu: Hesse (1929); Karaman (2005).</p> <p>Gyraulus (Gyraulus) albus: Karaman (2001); Karaman &amp; Karaman (2007).</p> <p>Common name. White ramshorn.</p> <p>Morphology. Small-sized snail (up to 7 mm diameter). Shell is flat and transparent with radial and spiral sculpture, and characteristic reticulate pattern. Shell has 3–4 whorls, and it is not keeled. For more details see Welter-Schultes (2012: 61, figure at the bottom of the page).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Holarctic species up to 1500 m.a.s.l. Inhabits standing and slow-flowing waters with a muddy substrate and plenty of vegetation. Tolerates moderate pollution, yet sensitive to prolonged droughts (Welter-Schultes 2012). In Serbia, found in the Danube River, Srebrno jezero Lake, Ludaš Lake, Zasavica Wetland, and in Nišava, Jablanica and Južna Morava Rivers.</p> <p>Other remarks. The species can be confused with other Gyraulus species if the grid sculpture is not preserved (Glöer 2019). On the IUCN Red List it has been assessed as LC (Seddon 2011 d).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFF7FFFEFF411D9AFBDFDCEB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFF7FFFEFF411FDAFDB1D9BA.text	03CDA653FFF7FFFEFF411FDAFDB1D9BA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gyraulus laevis (Alder 1838)	<div><p>61. Gyraulus laevis (Alder, 1838)</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Gyraulus laevis: Jaeckel et al. (1958); Frank et al. (1990); Arambašić (1994); Paunović et al. (2012 a); Marković et al. (2013); Novaković (2015 pers. comm.).</p> <p>Gyraulus (Torquis) laevis: Karaman (2001).</p> <p>Common name. Shiny ramshorn, smooth ramshorn.</p> <p>Morphology. Small-sized snail (up to 5 mm diameter). Shell is flat and shiny, irregularly striated without spiral liner or keel. For more details see Welter-Schultes (2012: 63, figure in the middle of the page).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Holarctic species up to 1500 m.a.s.l. (in Serbia up to 120 m. a.s.l.) Inhabits standing and slow-flowing waters with a muddy substrate, plenty of vegetation and higher oxygen content (Welter-Schultes 2012). Scarce findings in Serbia include the Danube and Sava Rivers along with some smaller watercourses near Belgrade (Ralja River) and Subotica (Plazović River).</p> <p>Other remarks. The species is quite rare and highly localized across its distribution range. It is critically endangered in Germany and Switzerland, endangered in Ireland, Netherlands, Austria and Poland, vulnerable in Norway and Denmark (Welter-Schultes 2012). On the IUCN Red List of threatened species it has been assessed as LC (Vavrova et al. 2011 b).</p> <p>Genus Planorbis O. F. Müller, 1773</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFF7FFFEFF411FDAFDB1D9BA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFF7FFFFFF411AEAFACFDE3F.text	03CDA653FFF7FFFFFF411AEAFACFDE3F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Planorbis carinatus O. F. Muller 1774	<div><p>62. Planorbis carinatus O. F. Müller, 1774</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Planorbis carinatus: Hesse (1929); Jaeckel et al. (1958); Karaman (2005); Karaman &amp; Karaman (2007).</p> <p>Common name. Keeled ramshorn.</p> <p>Morphology. Medium-sized snail (up to 15 mm diameter). Shell is flattened and keeled, keel is sharp, centrally positioned. Whorls are rapidly increasing. For more details see Welter-Schultes (2012: 68, figure in the middle of the page).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Western Palearctic species up to 1000 m.a.s.l. Permanent standing and slow-flowing waters with a muddy substrate and plenty of vegetation (Welter-Schultes 2012). In Serbia, it could be found in the northern, Pannonian, parts, usually in ponds, permanent marshes and accumulations near the Danube and Sava Rivers (Zasavica, Petrovaradinski rit, Srebrno jezero). There are also findings from the southern parts (Toplica River).</p> <p>Other remarks. On the IUCN Red List it has been assessed as LC (Van Damme &amp; Kebapçý 2011 b).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFF7FFFFFF411AEAFACFDE3F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFF6FFFFFF4118AAFDAED9C2.text	03CDA653FFF6FFFFFF4118AAFDAED9C2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hippeutis complanatus (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>64. Hippeutis complanatus (Linnaeus, 1758)</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Hippeutis complanatus: Hesse (1929); Karaman (2001); Karaman &amp; Karaman (2007); Novaković (2016 pers. comm.); Gojšina (2021 pers. comm.).</p> <p>Common name. Flat ramshorn.</p> <p>Morphology. Small snails, up to 5 mm diameter. Flattened and shiny translucent shell is finely striated and consists of 3–4 rapidly increasing whorls. The last whorl is large and medial keeled. Umbilicus is 1/6–1/4 of shell diameter. For more details see Welter-Schultes (2012: 65, figure at the bottom of the page).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Holarctic species up to 1100 m.a.s.l. Inhabits stagnant and slow-flowing waters rich in vegetation. Does not tolerate droughts (Welter-Schultes 2012). Rare in Serbia, it was recorded in the Danube, Jezava and Plazović Rivers, and a small pond near the Nera River (Bela Crkva Municipality).</p> <p>Other remarks. Due to threatened and polluted habitats the species has scarce findings across its distribution range. Considered as vulnerable species in Austria and Switzerland (Welter-Schultes 2012). On the IUCN Red List it has been assessed as LC (Killeen &amp; Seddon 2011 b).</p> <p>Genus Segmentina J. Fleming, 1818</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFF6FFFFFF4118AAFDAED9C2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFF6FFFFFF411D66FADBDC87.text	03CDA653FFF6FFFFFF411D66FADBDC87.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Planorbis planorbis (Linnaeus 1758) planorbis (Linnaeus 1758	<div><p>63. Planorbis planorbis (Linnaeus, 1758)</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Planorbis marginatus: Möllendorff (1873).</p> <p>Planorbis planorbis: Hesse (1929); Jaeckel et al. (1958); Jovanović (1990); Karaman (2001; 2001 a, 2005); Simić &amp; Simić (2004); Živić et al. (2005); Karaman &amp; Karaman (2007); Savić et al. (2016); Živić (2020).</p> <p>Common name. Common ramshorn, margined ramshorn.</p> <p>Morphology. Medium-sized snail (up to 15 mm diameter). Keeled shell is flattened and translucent, while keel position makes its lower side almost flat. For more details see Welter-Schultes (2012: 69, figure in the middle of the page).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Holarctic species up to 1900 m.a.s.l. (In Serbia up to 650 m. a.s.l.). Prefers standing and slow-flowing waters with a muddy substrate and plenty of vegetation (Glöer 2019). The snail inhabits both, permanent and temporary habitats and tolerates eutrophication. In Serbia, it is one of the most common freshwater snails in larger and medium-sized rivers and ponds. It has been reported from the Danube River, ponds and marshes near the Danube and Tamiš Rivers and DTD canals in the Pannonian part. It was also recorded in Toplica, Temska, and Nišava Rivers.</p> <p>Other remarks. This species can be confused with Planorbis carinatus if the keel is shifted towards the medial part of the whorls (Glöer 2019). On the IUCN Red List it has been assessed as LC (Killeen et al 2011 a).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFF6FFFFFF411D66FADBDC87	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFF6FFC0FF411B22FCEADE8F.text	03CDA653FFF6FFC0FF411B22FCEADE8F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Segmentina nitida (O. F. Muller 1774)	<div><p>65. Segmentina nitida (O. F. Müller, 1774)</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Segmentina nitida: Jaeckel et al. (1958); Karaman (2001a); Karaman &amp; Karaman (2007); Raković (2015); Novaković (2014, 2018, 2019 pers. comm.).</p> <p>Common name. Shining ramshorn snail.</p> <p>Morphology. Small snails, up to 6 mm diameter. Yellow, or brown, shell is flattened, translucent and shiny. Aperture is oblique, umbilicus is wide. For more details see Welter-Schultes (2012: 70, figure on the top of the page).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Palearctic species up to 650 m. a.s.l. Lives in stagnant and slow flowing-waters rich in vegetation. Tolerates high humine content and temporary droughts (Welter-Schultes 2012). Scarce findings in Serbia include pools and small ponds in Pančevo and Subotica Municipalities. Most recently it has been recorded in the Danube and Plazović Rivers.</p> <p>Other remarks. Critically endangered in Austria, endangered in Switzerland, vulnerable in Germany and England, rare in Czech Republic (from Welter-Schultes 2012). On the IUCN Red List of threatened species it has been assessed as LC (Vinarski 2021). The species is protected on national level (Annex 1-strictly protected species; Official Gazette of RS 5/2010, 47/2011, 32/2016, 98/2016).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFF6FFC0FF411B22FCEADE8F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFC9FFC0FF4118AAFCDCD99F.text	03CDA653FFC9FFC0FF4118AAFCDCD99F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Corbicula fluminalis (O. F. Muller 1774)	<div><p>66. Corbicula fluminalis (O. F. Muller, 1774)</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Corbicula fluminalis: Paunović et al. (2007 a, 2008); Vranković et al. (2010); Tomović et al. (2010b); Popović et al. (2013); Zorić et al. (2020).</p> <p>Common name. Asian clam.</p> <p>Morphology. Medium-sized bivalve. Shell is tumid and solid with a rounded triangular outline shape (dimensions are up to 20 mm in length, 22 mm in height and 18mm in depth). More details in Welter-Schultes (2012: 15, figure in the middle of the page).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. The native areas are Central Asia, the Middle East and Africa. It is introduced to Europe and South America and nowadays spreading rapidly it is extending its range worldwide (Seddon &amp; Van Damme 2016). The species lives in a range of substrates, preferring mostly fine sand. In Serbia, it is detected in fine sediment in the Danube and Sava Rivers.</p> <p>Other remarks. The status of this worldwide present species is controversial. According to Korniushin (2004) Corbicula flumine a (O. F. Muller, 1774) and C. fluminalis are parthenogenetic clones of the same species or just two morphotypes. There are 114 nominal species known as synonyms (Graf &amp; Cummings 2021). On the IUCN Red List it has been assessed as LC (Seddon &amp; Van Damme 2016).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFC9FFC0FF4118AAFCDCD99F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFC9FFC1FF411AC6FD0FDDA6.text	03CDA653FFC9FFC1FF411AC6FD0FDDA6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Corbicula fluminea (O. F. Muller 1774)	<div><p>67. Corbicula fluminea (O. F. Müller, 1774)</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Corbicula fluminea: Zorić et al. (2010, 2011, 2020), Tomović et al. (2010b, 2012, 2014); Raković (2015), Paunović et al. (2005, 2007 a, 2007 b, 2008, 2010, 2012 a, 2015); Marković et al. (2011, 2015); Vranković et al. (2010); Martinović-Vitanović et al. (2013); Lucić et al. (2015); Vranković (2015).</p> <p>Common name. Golden freshwater clam</p> <p>Morphology. Medium-sized bivalves. Shell is tumid and solid with a rounded triangular outline shape. The typical dimensions are 20–36 mm in length, 20–33 mm in height, and 14–22 mm in depth. For more details see Welter-Schultes (2012: 15, figure at the bottom of the page).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. This species is native to tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, the Malaysian Archipelago, the Philippines, New Guinea and Eastern Australia (Morton 1986), but has become widely dispersed into Europe and North America. It has similar habitat requirements as C. fluminalis. It is quite common in Serbia and could be found in large, potamon type rivers. the Danube, Tisza, Sava and Velika Morava Rivers, in reservoirs and canals.</p> <p>Other remarks. Invasive species ranked as 82 nd, out of 149 species, in the “List of the worst alien species for Europe” (Nentwig et al. 2018). A total of 68 nominal species are known as synonyms (Graf &amp; Cummings 2021). It has been assessed as LC on the IUCN Red List (Aldridge et al. 2012).</p> <p>Order Sphaeriida Lemer, Bieler &amp; Giribet, 2019</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFC9FFC1FF411AC6FD0FDDA6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFC8FFC1FF411FFEFC67DABC.text	03CDA653FFC8FFC1FF411FFEFC67DABC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euglesa casertana (Poli 1791)	<div><p>68. Euglesa casertana (Poli, 1791)</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Pisidium casertanum: Tomović et al. (2014).</p> <p>Common name. Caserta pea mussel.</p> <p>Morphology. Small bivalve. Oval shell typically has length 3.7–5.3 mm, height 3.1–4.4 mm, and depth 2.4–2.9 mm (Moorkens &amp; Killeen 2009). For more details see Welter-Schultes (2012: 19, figure on the top of the page).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Worldwide distribution, in fact this is one of the most widespread species of freshwater molluscs in the world. It is known from the Palearctic and Nearctic regions and some parts of South America, Africa, Australia and Asia, inhabiting the widest possible range of freshwater habitats and substrates (Van Damme et al. 2016). In Serbia, it has been found in the Danube River.</p> <p>Other remarks. Being cosmopolitan/widespread this species has high morphological variability, harboring many morphotypes. As many as 178 nominal species are known as synonyms (Graf &amp; Cummings 2021). On the IUCN Red List it has been assessed as LC (Van Damme et al. 2016).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFC8FFC1FF411FFEFC67DABC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFC8FFC1FF4119E6FB63D853.text	03CDA653FFC8FFC1FF4119E6FB63D853.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euglesa globularis (Clessin 1873)	<div><p>69. Euglesa globularis (Clessin, 1873)</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Pisidium globulare: Glöer et al. (2014).</p> <p>Common name. Swamp pea mussel.</p> <p>Morphology. Minute bivalve. This species is generally similar in external shell morphology to Euglesa casertana. Typical shell dimensions are 4.2–4.5 mm length, 3.5–3.8 mm height, and 2.6–2.8 mm depth. For more details see Welter-Schultes (2012: 19).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Palearctic species commonly found in the littoral zone of small ponds and lakes, floodplains of large lowland rivers. It prefers shallow habitats with a fine substrate (Moorkens &amp; Killeen 2009). In Serbia, it was recorded only in two springs near Peć (KiM).</p> <p>Other remarks. Some authors regarded it as a variety/subspecies of E. casertana (Killeen et al, 2004). On the IUCN Red List of threatened species it has been assessed as LC (Killeen &amp; Seddon. 2011 c).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFC8FFC1FF4119E6FB63D853	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFCBFFC2FF411CBAFDFBDD8A.text	03CDA653FFCBFFC2FF411CBAFDFBDD8A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euglesa subtruncata (Malm 1855)	<div><p>70. Euglesa subtruncata (Malm, 1855)</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Pisidium subtruncatum: Tomović et al. (2010 b); Tomović et al. (2014).</p> <p>Common name. Short-ended pea mussel</p> <p>Morphology. Minute bivalve. The shell typically is up to 4 mm in length, 3 mm in height, and 2.5 mm in depth. For more details see Welter-Schultes (2012: 23, figure on the top of the page).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Holarctic species inhabiting a muddy and sandy substrate of free-flowing waters (though it could be found in various standing waters as well). In Serbia, it was recorded in the Danube.</p> <p>Other remarks. Shell morphology is fairly variable. This is one of the most frequent and dominant Pisidium species in streams and small rivers, where it often coexists with P. nitidum Jenyns, 1832. A total of 34 nominal species are known as synonyms (Graf &amp; Cummings 2021). On the IUCN Red List it has been assessed as LC (Killeen et al. 2011 b).</p> <p>Genus Musculium Link, 1807</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFCBFFC2FF411CBAFDFBDD8A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFCBFFC2FF411EFAFDD6DA2E.text	03CDA653FFCBFFC2FF411EFAFDD6DA2E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Musculium lacustre (O. F. Muller 1774)	<div><p>71. Musculium lacustre (O.F. Müller, 1774)</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Sphaerium lacustre: Paunović et al. (2008); Martinović-Vitanović et al. (2013).</p> <p>Musculium lacustre: Tomović et al. (2014).</p> <p>Common name. Lake (or capped) orb mussel.</p> <p>Morphology. Small bivalve. Shell is very thin and fragile with quadrangular outline and prominently raised, narrow umbos. Dimensions are length 7–10 mm, height 7–8 mm, and depth 4–5 mm. For more details see Welter-Schultes (2012: 18, figure on the top of the page).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. The species has a Holarctic distribution range (Graf &amp; Cummings 2021). It occurs in rivers and canals, but more frequently occurring in swamps and ponds with a domination of muddy substrates, or occasionally with dense vegetation cover (Seddon et al. 2017). In Serbia. it was recorded in the Danube.</p> <p>Other remarks. There are 40 nominal species known as synonyms (Graf &amp; Cummings 2021). It has been assessed as LC on the IUCN Red List (Kebapçý et al. 2011).</p> <p>Genus Pisidium C. Pfeiffer, 1821</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFCBFFC2FF411EFAFDD6DA2E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFCBFFC2FF411916FAE5D826.text	03CDA653FFCBFFC2FF411916FAE5D826.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pisidium amnicum (O. F. Muller 1774)	<div><p>72. Pisidium amnicum (O.F. Müller, 1774)</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Pisidium amnicum: Tomović et al. (2010 b, 2014); Popović et al. (2020).</p> <p>Common name. River pea mussel</p> <p>Morphology. Small bivalve. The oval rounded shell with rounded umbo lying posterior of the midpoint. It reaches 11 mm in length, 7 mm in height, and 6 mm in depth. For more details see Welter-Schultes (2012: 18, figure at the bottom of the page).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Palearctic species occurring throughout most of Europe. It has been introduced to the eastern part of North America and Africa (Moorkens &amp; Killeen 2009; Graf &amp; Cummings 2021). Inhabits muddy and silty substrate in a wide range of lowland habitats such as streams, rivers, canals and large drainage ditches (Moorkens &amp; Killeen 2009). In Serbia, it was found in the Danube.</p> <p>Other remarks. This is the largest species of Pisidium occurring in Europe. It has 15 nominal species used as synonyms (Graf &amp; Cummings 2021). It has LC status on the IUCN Red List (Van Damme et al. 2011).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFCBFFC2FF411916FAE5D826	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFCBFFC3FF411B1EFE67DEAB.text	03CDA653FFCBFFC3FF411B1EFE67DEAB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pisidium obtusale (Lamarck 1818)	<div><p>73. Pisidium obtusale (Lamarck, 1818)</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Pisidium obtusale: Martinović-Vitanovic et al. (2013).</p> <p>Common name. Porous shelled pea mussel.</p> <p>Morphology. Minute bivalve. Oval shell is small, very tumid (almost spherical) with a very rounded ventral margin. It reaches about 3.5 mm in length, 3 mm in height, and 3 mm in depth. For more details see Welter-Schultes (2012: 21, figure at the bottom of the page).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Holarctic species being found usually in smaller standing waters such as swamps, ponds, and marsh drains with dense aquatic vegetation. It prefers muddy, silty substrates, usually with a high organic content (Van Damme 2011 b). In Serbia, it was recorded in the Danube.</p> <p>Other remarks. It has been assessed as LC on the global and European IUCN level (Van Damme 2011 b; Killeen &amp; Seddon 2011 b).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFCBFFC3FF411B1EFE67DEAB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFCAFFC3FF411D9AFDDDDCCE.text	03CDA653FFCAFFC3FF411D9AFDDDDCCE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pisidium supinum A. Schmidt 1851	<div><p>74. Pisidium supinum A. Schmidt, 1851</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Pisidium supinum: Tomović et al. (2010 b); Tomović et al. (2014).</p> <p>Common name. Hump-backed pea mussel.</p> <p>Morphology. Minute bivalve. Shell is solid, tumid, with a rounded triangular outline shape. The dimensions are typically up to 4 mm in length, height 3.7 mm, and depth 2.8 mm. For more details see Welter-Schultes (2012: 23).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Palearctic species found in northern and western Europe and Central Asia. Introduced species in North America (Canada). It prefers muddy and sandy substrate of large lowland rivers, yet it can be found in more dynamic lotic environments as well. In Serbia, it was recorded in the Danube.</p> <p>Other remarks. Fairly sensitive to pollution, this mussel is absent in Ireland, while endangered in Germany and vulnerable in Austria (Welter-Schultes 2012). On the IUCN Red List of threatened species it has been assessed as LC (Seddon 2011 f).</p> <p>Genus Sphaerium Scopoli, 1777</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFCAFFC3FF411D9AFDDDDCCE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFCAFFC3FF411836FB34DAC7.text	03CDA653FFCAFFC3FF411836FB34DAC7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sphaerium corneum (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>75. Sphaerium corneum (Linnaeus, 1758)</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Sphaerium corneum: Arambašić (1994); Simic &amp; Simic (2004); Raković (2015); Martinović-Vitanović et al. (2007, 2013); Tomović et al. (2010 b, 2014); Paunović et al. (2007 b); Popović et al. (2013).</p> <p>Common name. Horny orb mussel.</p> <p>Morphology. Small bivalve. Rounded oval shell is almost equilateral, tumid, and sometimes nearly spherical. Dimensions are length 10–12 mm, height 8–10 mm, and depth 6–7 mm. For more details see Welter-Schultes (2012: 24, figure on the top of the page).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Palearctic species inhabiting fine substrate in a wide range of flowing and standing waters. In Serbia, it was found in large lowland rivers (Danube and Velika Morava Rivers).</p> <p>Other remarks. This species features a pronounced variation in shell outline, shape and timidity, thus having many morphotypes/names to those distinctive forms. A total of 24 nominal species are used as synonyms (Graf &amp; Cummings 2021). On the IUCN Red List it has been assessed as LC (Killeen &amp; Seddon 2011 c).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFCAFFC3FF411836FB34DAC7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFCAFFC4FF411A3EFE3ADFDB.text	03CDA653FFCAFFC4FF411A3EFE3ADFDB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sphaerium rivicola (Lamarck 1818)	<div><p>76. Sphaerium rivicola (Lamarck, 1818)</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Sphaerium rivicola: Arambašić (1994); Tomović et al. (2010 b, 2014); Paunović et al. (2005, 2007 b, 2008); Martinović-Vitanović et al. (2007, 2013); Lucić et al. (2015).</p> <p>Common name. River orb mussel, nut orb mussel.</p> <p>Morphology. Small bivalve. Shell is rounded oval in outline shape and typically reaches 18–22 mm in length, 15–17 mm in height, and 10–13 mm in depth (more details in Welter-Schultes, 2012, page 25, figure in the middle of the page).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Palearctic species common in the lowland regions of Central and Eastern Europe (Zhadin 1965). It prefers fine substrate (silt, mud, sand) in larger slow–flowing rivers and canals, rarely it could be found in standing waters. In Serbia, it mostly inhabits large Pannonian/lowlands rivers (the Danube, Tisza and Sava Rivers).</p> <p>Other remarks. One of the largest species of Sphaerium occurring in Serbia. There are 10 nominal species known as synonyms (Graf &amp; Cummings 2021). On the IUCN Red List of threatened species it has been assessed as LC, yet with decreasing population trend, for Europe (von Proschwitz &amp; Killeen 2011), and as VU on the global scale (Van Damme 2011 d).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFCAFFC4FF411A3EFE3ADFDB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFCDFFC4FF411886FAA5D80A.text	03CDA653FFCDFFC4FF411886FAA5D80A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas 1771)	<div><p>78. Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas, 1771)</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Dreissena polymorpha: Matoničkin et al. (1975); Arambašić (1994); JDS-ITR Report (2002); Paunović et al. (2005, 2007 b, 2015); Đurković et al. (2006); Simić et al. (2009); Tomović et al. (2010 b, 2014); Zorić et al. (2010, 2020); Kovačević et al. (2012); Marković et al. (2012); Raković et al. (2013); Martinović-Vitanović et al. (2007, 2013); Lucić et al. (2015); Raković (2015).</p> <p>Common name. Zebra mussel.</p> <p>Morphology. Medium-sized bivalve. Elongate rounded-triangular shell reaches dimensions of 20–50 mm, height 13–18 mm, and depth 17–20 mm. For more details see Welter-Schultes (2012: 16, figure at the bottom of the page).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Ponto-Caspian native species, nowadays widespread across Europe, reaching North America (Moorkens &amp; Killeen 2009; Welter-Schultes 2012). It prefers hard substrate (attaching itself by byssus threads) of slow-flowing waters (rivers, canals, reservoirs, power station cooling systems, water treatment facilities, water pipelines). In Serbia, it is found mostly in large lowland rivers (Danube, Tisza, Sava, Velika Morava), and it has been recorded in the Drina River as well.</p> <p>Other remarks. Invasive species which has been ranked as the “worst alien” mollusc species in Europe and as 23 rd species in the “List of the worst alien species for Europe” (Nentwig et al. 2018). It has 56 nominal species as synonyms (Graf &amp; Cummings 2021). On the IUCN Red List it has been assessed as LC (Van Damme 2014).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFCDFFC4FF411886FAA5D80A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFCDFFC4FF411D0AFDFCDC7E.text	03CDA653FFCDFFC4FF411D0AFDFCDC7E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sphaerium solidum (Normand 1844)	<div><p>77. Sphaerium solidum (Normand, 1844)</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Sphaerium solidum: Matoničkin et al. (1975); Popović et al. (2013); Martinović-Vitanović et al. (2013); Tomović et al. (2014); Raković (2015).</p> <p>Common name. Witham orb mussel.</p> <p>Morphology. Small bivalve. Rounded triangular shell with prominent umbos. Typical dimensions of the shell are length 9–11 mm, height 7–9.5 mm, and depth 5–7 mm. For more details see Welter-Schultes (2012: 25, figure at the bottom of the page).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Western Palearctic species found in large lowland rivers (rarely lakes) of central and eastern Europe, rarely found in western Europe. It prefers coarse sandy substrate (van Damme et al. 2012). In Serbia it was found in the Danube and Sava Rivers.</p> <p>Other remarks. This species is on the IUCN list of threatened species as NT (Van Damme et al. 2012). Two nominal species are known as synonyms. On the IUCN Red List it has been assessed as NT (Killeen et al. 2011 c).</p> <p>Order Myida Stoliczka, 1870</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFCDFFC4FF411D0AFDFCDC7E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFCDFFC5FF411B7AFE00DED6.text	03CDA653FFCDFFC5FF411B7AFE00DED6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dreissena rostriformis subsp. bugensis Andrusov 1897	<div><p>79. Dreissena rostriformis bugensis Andrusov, 1897</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Dreissena rostriformis bugensis: Raković et al. (2013, 2015); Tomović et al. (2010 b); Paunović et al. (2015); Zorić et al. (2020).</p> <p>Common name. Quagga mussel.</p> <p>Morphology. Medium-sized bivalve. Shell reaches up to 40 mm in length, and usually is less flattened than in Dreissena polymorpha. For more details see Welter-Schultes (2012: 17, figure on the top of the page).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Ponto-Caspian species, being spread throughout Europe and North America. It inhabits freshwater rivers, lakes and canals. In Serbia, it can be found in the Danube River.</p> <p>Other remarks. Though its global dispersal has started a bit later than D. polymorpha, it seems to be even more competitive than previous species, thus replacing D. polymorpha as the dominant dreissenid species in the community where both species coexists (Ricciardi &amp; Whoriskey 2004). In Serbia its first record is from 2010, while D. polymorpha was firstly reported in 1975 (Matoničkin et al 1975). It has been assessed as LC on the IUCN Red List (Rintelen &amp; Van Damme 2011).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFCDFFC5FF411B7AFE00DED6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFCCFFC5FF411812FF16D80B.text	03CDA653FFCCFFC5FF411812FF16D80B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Unio pictorum (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>80. Unio pictorum (Linnaeus, 1758)</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Unio pictorum platyrhynchus: Dokić (1882); Droüet (1882, 1884); Tadić (1960).</p> <p>Unio pictorum f. longirostris: Dokić (1882); Droüet (1881, 1884); Tadić (1960).</p> <p>Unio pictorum: Arambašić (1994); Živić et al. (2001); JDS-ITR Report (2002); Paunović et al. (2005, 2006, 2007 a, 2012 a); Tomović et al. (2010 b, 2013, 2014); Tomović (2016); Raković (2015); Novaković (2012); Martinović-Vitanović et al. (2007, 2013); Lucić et al. (2015); Zorić et al. (2020).</p> <p>Common name. Painter’s mussel.</p> <p>Morphology. Large bivalve. Shell is elongate-shaped with straight, parallel dorsal and ventral margins, tapered posterior end, and rounded anterior end. It reaches dimensions up to 100 mm (rarely up to 140 mm) in length, 40 mm in height and 30 mm in depth. For more details see Welter-Schultes (2012: 14, figure on the top of the page).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Western Palearctic species widespread in Europe, from the Atlantic to the Ural region, Black and Caspian Sea basins (Van Damme 2011a). Introduced to the Amur Basin, eastern Asia (Graf &amp; Cummings 2021). Commonly found on a muddy substrate in larger lowland rivers (Aldridge 1999). In Serbia, it mostly occurs in large lowland rivers, canals, lakes and reservoirs, and it has been recorded along almost the entire stretches of the Danube, Sava and Tisza Rivers, and in the lower parts of the Velika Morava and Južna Morava Rivers.</p> <p>Other remarks. In some parts of its general distribution range the populations of Unio pictorum are declining, while in others it is spreading in smaller waters and reservoirs replacing rare U. crassus Philipsson, 1788 (Welter-Schultes 2012). In Serbia populations of U. pictorum have been spreading in the larger rivers. There are 159 nominal species as synonyms. (Graf &amp;Cummings 2021). On the IUCN Red List it has been assessed as LC (Vavrova 2011 c).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFCCFFC5FF411812FF16D80B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFCCFFC6FF411B7AFB48DD8B.text	03CDA653FFCCFFC6FF411B7AFB48DD8B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Unio tumidus Philipsson 1788	<div><p>81. Unio tumidus Philipsson, 1788</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Unio tumidus tumidus: Dokić (1882); Droüet (1881, 1884); Tadić (1960).</p> <p>Unio tumidus solidus: Tadić (1960).</p> <p>Unio tumidus: Arambašić (1994); Živić et al. (2001); JDS-ITR Report (2002); Paunović et al. (2005, 2006, 2007 a, 2012 a); Simić et al. (2006); Tomović et al. (2010 b, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2016); Raković (2015); Novaković (2012); Savić (2012); Martinović-Vitanović et al. (2013); Lucić et al. (2015), Zorić et al. (2020).</p> <p>Common name. Swollen river mussel.</p> <p>Morphology. Large bivalve. Solid, ovoid tumid shell with a very rounded ventral margin. Its dimensions reach 80 mm (rarely up to 120 mm) in length, 40 mm in height and 35 mm in depth. For more details see Welter-Schultes (2012: 15, figure on the top of the page).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Western Palearctic species widespread in Europe. It has similar habitat requirements as U. pictorum, and generally occurs in slow-flowing large rivers, less frequently in lakes and reservoirs, with a dominance of a muddy substrate. In Serbia, this is one of the most common and widespread bivalves. It has been recorded along almost the entire courses of the Danube, Sava, Tisza, Velika Morava, Zapadna and Južna Morava Rivers.</p> <p>Other remarks. Due to pollution and habitats destruction this species is critically endangered in Austria and endangered in Germany and Spain. It has 90 nominal species as synonyms (Graf &amp;Cummings 2021). It has been assessed as LC, yet with decreasing population trend, on the IUCN Red List (Vavrova 2011 d).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFCCFFC6FF411B7AFB48DD8B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFCFFFC6FF411EFAFE9FD957.text	03CDA653FFCFFFC6FF411EFAFE9FD957.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Unio crassus Philipsson 1788	<div><p>82. Unio crassus Philipsson, 1788</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Unio stevenianus: Tadić (1960).</p> <p>Unio dokici: Tadić (1960).</p> <p>Unio piscinalis: Droüet (1881, 1884); Tadić (1960).</p> <p>Unio cytherea: Droüet (1881, 1884); Dokić (1882); Tadić (1960).</p> <p>Unio crassus: Dokić (1882); Tadić (1960); Marković (1999); Živić et al. (2001); JDS-ITR Report (2002); Simić et al. (2006); Novaković (2012, pers. comm. 2012, 2014, 2018); Savić (2012); Raković (2015); Lucić et al. (2015); Tomović et al. (2010 b); Tomović (2016).</p> <p>Common name. Thick shelled river mussel.</p> <p>Morphology. Large bivalve. Shell is distinctly rounded in the posterior end, with a completely rounded dorsal margin. It reaches 70 mm (rarely up to 120 mm) in length, 45 mm in height and 35 mm in depth. For more details see Welter-Schultes (2012: 12, figure on the top of the page).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Western Palearctic species preferring clean waters (rivers and smaller watercourses) in lowland regions. It usually could be found on a sandy or stony substrate, avoiding polluted muddy rivers. In Serbia it has been found in the Sava, Tisza, Velika and Zapadna Morava, Nišava and Kolubara Rivers and catchments. There are also sporadic findings of the species in the Danube River (Tadić 1960; Tomović et al. 2016). This mussel rarely reaches altitudes over 300 m. a.s.l. in Serbia, while in the neighboring Bulgaria, for example, an abundant population has been recorded as high as nearly 900 m. a.s.l. (Kenderov &amp; Sashov 2017).</p> <p>Other remarks. Despite its relatively wide distribution range it is one of Europe’s most endangered freshwater mussel taxa, being assessed as EN on the IUCN Red List (Lopes-Lima et al. 2014 a) and listed in the 92/43 EEC Directive (annexes II and IV; Directive, 1992). The species is protected on national level as well by Serbian national regulative (Annex 1-strictly protected species; Official Gazette of RS 5/2010, 47/2011, 32/2016, 98/2016). One of the limiting ecological factors for this species are juveniles, which are extremely sensitive to any pollution and require well-oxygenated waters (Welter-Schultes 2012). There are 318 nominal species as synonyms (Graf &amp; Cummings 2021).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFCFFFC6FF411EFAFE9FD957	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFCFFFC7FF411B7AFCDEDD8B.text	03CDA653FFCFFFC7FF411B7AFCDEDD8B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anodonta anatina (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>83. Anodonta anatina (Linnaeus, 1758)</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Anodonta ventricosa: Droüet (1881, 1884); Dokić (1882).</p> <p>Anodonta opalina: Droüet (1881, 1884); Dokić (1882).</p> <p>Anodonta maesica: Droüet (1881, 1884); Dokić (1882).</p> <p>Anodonta rostrata: Droüet (1881, 1884); Dokić (1882).</p> <p>Anodonta anatina: Tadić (1960); Simić et al. (2006); Paunović et al. (2005, 2007 a, 2008); Tomović et al. (2010 b, 2012, 2013 b, 2014); Martinović-Vitanović et al. (2007, 2013).</p> <p>Common name. Duck mussel.</p> <p>Morphology. Large bivalve. The dorsal margin of shell is strongly divergent from the mid axis, the ventral margin is rounded. Dimensions are up to 150 mm in length, 60 mm in height, and 35 mm in depth. For more details see Welter-Schultes (2012: 8, figure in the middle of the page).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Palearctic species preferring a muddy substrate in flowing waters, but it could be found in lakes, reservoirs and ponds (Lopes-Lima 2014). They could be found up to 1800 m.a.s.l., higher than any other freshwater mussel. Quite common in Serbia, it has been found along almost the entire course of the Danube. It is also detected on Sava, Tisza and Velika Morava Rivers, as well as in Nišava and Temštica Rivers (Simić et al. 2006)</p> <p>Other remarks. It has known 406 nominal species as synonyms (Graf &amp; Cummings 2021). On the IUCN Red List it has been assessed as LC (Killeen &amp; Vavrova 2011).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFCFFFC7FF411B7AFCDEDD8B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFCEFFC7FF411EFAFD64DAE2.text	03CDA653FFCEFFC7FF411EFAFD64DAE2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anodonta cygnea (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>84. Anodonta cygnea (Linnaeus, 1758)</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Anodonta savensis: Dokić (1882); Tadić (1960).</p> <p>Anodonta moesica: Dokić (1882); Tadić (1960).</p> <p>Anodonta ventricosa: Droüet (1881, 1884); Dokić (1882).</p> <p>Anodonta cariosa: Droüet (1881, 1884); Dokić (1882).</p> <p>Anodonta cygnea: Tadić (1960); Matoničkin et al. (1975); JDS-ITR Report (2002); Simić &amp; Simić (2004); Martinović-Vitanović et al. (2007, 2013); Tubić et al. (2013).</p> <p>Common name. Swan mussel</p> <p>Morphology. Large bivalve. Oblong shaped shell with dorsal and ventral margins more or less parallel. It reaches 200 mm in length, 120 mm in width, and 60 mm in depth. For more details see Welter-Schultes (2012: 8, figure at the bottom of the page).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Western-Palearctic species commonly found on a fine substrate of slow-flowing and standing waters (Zettler et al. 2006). It often could be dominant unionid species in larger lentic ecosystems (lakes, reservoirs, large ponds). In Serbia more recently the species has been detected in the reservoirs Gruža and Ćelija (Tomović 2016), in the Šumarica Lake, and in the Zasavica Wetland (Marković 2020 pers. comm).</p> <p>Other remarks. Due to habitats destruction and decreasing population trends it has NT IUCN status in Europe (Killeen &amp; Aldridge 2011). It has 438 nominal species as synonyms (Graf &amp; Cummings 2021).</p> <p>Genus Pseudanodonta Bourguignat, 1877</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFCEFFC7FF411EFAFD64DAE2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFCEFFC8FF4119C2FDCFDE62.text	03CDA653FFCEFFC8FF4119C2FDCFDE62.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudanodonta complanata (Rossmassler 1835)	<div><p>85. Pseudanodonta complanata (Rossmässler, 1835)</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Anodonta complanata: Droüet (1881, 1884); Dokić (1882).</p> <p>Pseudanodonta complanata: Tadić (1960); JDS-ITR Report (2002); Tomović et al. (2010 b, 2012); Paunović et al. (2008); Martinović-Vitanović et al. (2013); Raković (2015); Tomović (2016).</p> <p>Common name. Depressed river mussel.</p> <p>Morphology. Large bivalve. Wedge-shaped shell resembles Anodonta anatina, but it is less tumid (more flattened across the valves). It reaches dimensions of 80 mm (rarely 100) in length, 45 mm height, and 20 mm depth. For more details see Welter-Schultes (2012: 11, figure at the top of the page).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Western-Palearctic species inhabiting muddy substrate in lowland rivers, large drains and canals, not found in standing waters-lakes, ponds and similar (Aldridge 1999; Killeen et al. 2004). In Serbia, it could be found mostly in large lowland rivers such as the Danube (in the upper and middle stretches in Serbia), Velika Morava, Tisza and Sava Rivers. Unlike other unionids in Serbia, this species almost exclusively occurs in very low populations densities.</p> <p>Other remarks. Due to decreasing population trends and scarce findings, this species has been assessed as VU on the global level (Van Damme 2011 c). It has 91 nominal species as synonyms (Graf &amp; Cummings 2021).</p> <p>Genus Sinanodonta Modell, 1945</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFCEFFC8FF4119C2FDCFDE62	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
03CDA653FFC1FFC8FF411D42FABADCA2.text	03CDA653FFC1FFC8FF411D42FABADCA2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sinanodonta woodiana (I. Lea 1834)	<div><p>86. Sinanodonta woodiana (I. Lea, 1834)</p> <p>Findings in Serbia.</p> <p>Sinanodonta woodiana: Paunović et al. (2006); Martinović-Vitanović et al. (2013); Novaković (2012, 2013); Tomović et al. (2010 b, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2016); Zorić et al. (2013. 2020); Marinković et al. (2015); Marković et al. (2015); Raković (2015).</p> <p>Common name. Chinese pond mussel.</p> <p>Morphology. Large bivalve. Semicircular shell has a flatter dorsal margin, which posteriorly slightly diverges from the central axis of the shell and strongly rounded ventral margin. Dimensions are up to 200 mm in length, 170 mm in height and 45 mm in depth. For more details see Welter-Schultes (2012: 11, figure at the bottom of the page).</p> <p>Distribution and ecology. Native species in Eastern Asia (Soroka 2005, Kraszewski &amp; Zdanowski 2007); nowadays widespread throughout Europe, North America, Central America, and Asia. It prefers slow-flowing or standing waters, with a fine substrate (silt and clay mostly). In Serbia, very common in large lowland rivers (Danube, Tisza, Sava; Velika Morava), and it could be found in smaller watercourses, lakes, reservoirs and ponds as well.</p> <p>Other remarks. Invasive species, not on the list of worst invasive taxa in Europe. It has 68 nominal species as synonyms (Graf &amp; Cummings 2021). On the IUCN Red List it has been assessed as LC (Cummings 2011).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CDA653FFC1FFC8FF411D42FABADCA2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marković, Vanja;Gojšina, Vukašin;Novaković, Boris;Božanić, Milenka;Stojanović, Katarina;Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara;Živić, Ivana	Marković, Vanja, Gojšina, Vukašin, Novaković, Boris, Božanić, Milenka, Stojanović, Katarina, Karan-Žnidaršič, Tamara, Živić, Ivana (2021): The freshwater molluscs of Serbia: Annotated checklist with remarks on distribution and protection status. Zootaxa 5003 (1): 1-64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5003.1.1
