identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
039787C3FF97E418FF37FD386F6722CB.text	039787C3FF97E418FF37FD386F6722CB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Helicotylenchus multicinctus (Cobb 1893) Golden 1956	<div><p>Helicotylenchus multicinctus (Cobb, 1893) Golden, 1956</p> <p>= Tylenchus multicinctus Cobb, 1893</p> <p>= Tylenchorhynchus multicinctus (Cobb, 1893) Micoletzky, 1922</p> <p>= Anguillulina multicincta (Cobb, 1893) Goodey, 1932</p> <p>= Rotylenchus multicinctus (Cobb, 1893) Filipjev, 1936</p> <p>= Rotylenchus iperoiguensis Carvalho, 1956</p> <p>= Helicotylenchus iperoiguensis (Carvalho, 1956) Andrássy, 1958</p> <p>Description. Habitus spiral. Lip region hemispherical, slightly offset, with three to five annuli. Labial framework heavily sclerotized. Outer margins conspicuous and extending posteriorly for 3 to 4 body annules. Cephalids not seen. Stylet well developed (21–24) µm. Stylets knobs prominent (5–6 µm), wide, appearing anteriorly flattened or concave. Position of DGO about 1/4 the total stylet length and posteriorly located behind the stylet knobs. Median bulb round to oval, with a small, centrally placed valve. Glandular part of pharynx overlapping the intestine ventrally. Excretory pore close to pharyngo-intestinal junction. Epiptygma folded into vagina. Hemizonid two to three annules long, located 0–3 annules anterior to excretory pore. Ovaries paired and symmetrical, posterior branch slightly reduced than the anterior. Spermathecae slightly offset, rounded and filled with sperms. Vulva a depressed transverse slit at 67% of the body length. Phasmids pore-like and located from one to six annules anterior to anus level. Tail slightly tapering and curved more dorsally than ventrally, with six to fifteen annules. Ventral caudal projection and mucro absent.</p> <p>Remarks. The morphological and morphometric characters of this species are consistent with those previously reported in the original description of H. multicinctus from Nigeria (Sher 1966, Siddiqi 1972, Ali et al. 1973).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039787C3FF97E418FF37FD386F6722CB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Daramola, Fisayo Y.;Orisajo, Samuel B.;Malan, Antoinette P.;Marais, Mariette	Daramola, Fisayo Y., Orisajo, Samuel B., Malan, Antoinette P., Marais, Mariette (2020): Molecular characterization of Helicotylenchus multicinctus and H. dihystera (Tylenchida: Hoplolaimidae) from Theobroma cacao in Nigeria. Zootaxa 4778 (2): 343-356, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4778.2.6
039787C3FF97E419FF37F9C36E1E2307.text	039787C3FF97E419FF37F9C36E1E2307.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Helicotylenchus dihystera (Cobb 1893) Sher 1961	<div><p>Helicotylenchus dihystera (Cobb, 1893) Sher, 1961</p> <p>= Tylenchus dihystera Cobb, 1893</p> <p>= Tylenchus olaae Cobb, 1906</p> <p>= Tylenchorhynchus olaae (Cobb, 1906) Micoletzky, 1922</p> <p>= Helicotylenchus olaae (Cobb, 1906) Sher, 1961</p> <p>= Aphelenchus dubius var. peruensis Steiner, 1920</p> <p>= Tylenchus spiralis Cassidy, 1930</p> <p>= Helicotylenchus spiralis (Cassidy, 1930) Sher, 1961</p> <p>= Helicotylenchus nannus Steiner, 1945</p> <p>= Helicotylenchus crenatus Das, 1960</p> <p>= Helicotylenchus dihysteroides Siddiqi, 1972</p> <p>= Helicotylenchus flatus Román, 1965</p> <p>= Helicotylenchus glissus Thorne &amp; Malek, 1968</p> <p>= Helicotylenchus rotundicauda Sher, 1966</p> <p>= Helicotylenchus punicae Swarup &amp; Sethi, 1968</p> <p>= Helicotylenchus teleductus Anderson, 1974</p> <p>= Helicotylenchus paraconcavus Rashid &amp; Khan, 1974</p> <p>= Helicotylenchus membranatus Hui &amp; Zhixin, 1993</p> <p>Description. Female (n = 10): Habitus spiral. Lip 4 ± 0.6 (4–5) µm high and 7 ± 0.8 (6–9) µm wide; rounded anteriorly, with five to six annuli. Outer margins of labial framework extend 4 ±1.9 (3–6) µm posterior from basal plate. Cephalids not seen. Stylet knobs 2 ± 0.7 (2–4) µm high and 5 ± 0.5 (4–5) µm wide, rounded posteriorly, anterior faces indented. Position of DGO 12 ± 1.6 (9–14) µm behind stylet knobs. Median bulb oval, 12 ± 1.3 (10–14) µm long and 9 ± 0.9 (8–10) µm wide; valve 3 µm long and 3 µm wide. Excretory pore 98 ± 4.1 (93–1047) µm from front, i.e. at 15 ± 1.0 (13–16) % of body length. Hemizonid two annuli long, located one annule anterior to excretory pore (n =1). Hemizonion and fasciculi not observed. Width of annuli at midbody 1.3 ± 0.2 (1.0–1.7) µm. Body width at excretory pore 19 ± 2.8 (15–23) µm, at midbody 25 ± 3.5 (21–30) µm and at anus 16 ± 2.8 (12–20) µm. Epiptygma folded into vagina. Lateral field 6 ± 1.1 (6–8) µm wide; areolated anterior to excretory pore; inner two lines end on tail in a y-shaped pattern. Caudalid one annulus long located one annulus posterior to anus (n=1). Phasmid located from three eleven annuli anterior to anus. Tail 16 ± 1.8 (13–18) µm long, with 10 to 13 ventral annuli; tail asymmetrically rounded, and dorsally curved, with or without ventral projection, if present with rounded end.</p> <p>Male: Not found.</p> <p>Remarks. Our specimens were identified as H. dihystera because of spiral habitus, stylet length (mean value: 27 µm), body length (mean value: 641 µm), position of vulva (mean V value: 63 %), phasmids anterior to anus, inner lines of lateral field end on tail mostly in y-shaped pattern, tail asymmetrically rounded, with or without terminal projection (if present with rounded end), empty spermatheca, and absence of males (Fortuner et al. 1981). The present specimens agree with the amended descriptions of Fortuner et al. (1981) and Fortuner (1991). The stylet length for the current specimens exceeds that of the 24–25 µm reported for Nigerian specimens by Ali et al. (1973), but still falls in the range for H. dihystera (20–31 µm) as reported by Marais (2001).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039787C3FF97E419FF37F9C36E1E2307	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Daramola, Fisayo Y.;Orisajo, Samuel B.;Malan, Antoinette P.;Marais, Mariette	Daramola, Fisayo Y., Orisajo, Samuel B., Malan, Antoinette P., Marais, Mariette (2020): Molecular characterization of Helicotylenchus multicinctus and H. dihystera (Tylenchida: Hoplolaimidae) from Theobroma cacao in Nigeria. Zootaxa 4778 (2): 343-356, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4778.2.6
