identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
4F26309B80C35222A171AA0CE35F26AB.text	4F26309B80C35222A171AA0CE35F26AB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amynthas catenatus Nguyen & Lam & Trinh & Nguyen 2020	<div><p>Amynthas catenatus sp. nov. Fig. 11, Table 1</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype: 1 mature (CTU-EW.189.h01), Kien Giang Province, Phu Quoc island, industrial tree plantations (10°06'11"N, 104°00'51"E), 20 m, 6 November 2016, coll. Lam HD &amp; Trinh TKB.</p><p>Paratypes: 9 matures (CTU-EW.189.p02), same data as for holotype.</p><p>Non-types: 8 matures (CTU-EW.189.03), same data as for holotype.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Small to medium-sized, length 51-54 mm, diameter 2.2-2.5 mm, segments 85-89. Prostomium epilobous. Four pairs of spermathecal pores in lateroventral intersegments 5/6/7/8/9. Male pores in xviii, without copulatory pouches. Genital markings arranged in two transverse line in front of and behind the setal ring xviii. Intestinal caeca simple. Holandric. Testis sacs in xi and xii, separated. Septa 8/9/10 absent.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>"  catenatus ", an adjective in apposition, to emphasize the chained seminal chamber of diverticula.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Body cylindrical, small to medium-sized, length 51-54 mm, diameter 2.2-2.5 mm, segments 85-89, weight 1.2-1.4 g. Body uniformly whitish grey, clitellum darkish brown. Prostomium 1/2 epilobous. First dorsal pore in 5/6. Pre-clitellum setae stouter and sparser than post-clitellum setae; setal numbers: 47-54 in viii, 46-48 in xxx, no setae between two male porophores; setal distance: aa&gt; ab, zz&gt; zy. Clitellum within xiv-xvi, slightly flattened ventrally, without setae and dorsal pores. Female pore single, in mid-ventral xiv.</p><p>Four pairs of spermathecal pores in lateroventral intersegments 5/6/7/8/9. No genital markings in the spermathecal region.</p><p>Male porophores small in xviii, without copulatory pouches; ventral distance between two male pores about 0.25-0.28  × body circumference. About 8-12 small genital markings ventrally arranged in two transverse lines in front of and behind the setal ring xviii.</p><p>Septa 5/6/7/8 thick, 8/9/10 absent, 10/11/12 thick. Oesophageal gizzard within viii-x. Intestinal origin at xv. Intestinal caeca simple, within xxvii-xxvi. Last hearts in xiii. Pharyngeal micronephridia in 5/6/7. Typhlosole lamelliform. Lymph glands absent.</p><p>Spermathecae paired in vi-ix. Ampulla clavate; ducts not clearly distinct from ampulla. Diverticula slightly waved, attached to the base of ampulla; seminal chamber small, chained-shaped with 2 or 3 parts. No accessory glands.</p><p>Holandric. Testis sacs in x and xi, connected. Seminal vesicles well developed in xi and xii. Ovaries in 12/13. Ovisacs invisible. Prostate glands deeply lobuled within xvi-xx; ducts U-shaped. No accessory glands.</p><p>Habitats.</p><p>The species was only collected under leaf litter in  Piper plantations.</p><p>Vietnamese name.</p><p>Giun buồng tinh  hình chuỗi.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The new species can be assigned to the  A. corticis group, which is characterized by having four pairs of spermathecal pores in 5/6/7/8/9 and holandric (Sims and Easton 1972). This group has 108 described species worldwide, of which 17 have been recorded in Vietnam (Gates 1972; Sims and Easton 1972; Chang et al. 2009; Nguyen et al. 2016; Xiao 2019).</p><p>Compared to  A. corticis (Kinberg, 1867), the new species differs in its smaller size (length 51-54 mm, diameter 2.2-2.5 mm vs length 45-170 mm, diameter 3.0-6.0 mm), first dorsal pore in 5/6 (vs in 11/12), and absence of pre-clitellar genital markings (vs genital markings paired near spermathecal pores). In addition,  A. catenatus sp. nov. has 8-12 small genital markings ventrally arranged in two transverse lines in presetal and postsetal xviii, a clavate spermathecal ampulla, slightly wavy diverticula and attached to the base of ampulla, and a small seminal chamber, which is chained-shaped with 2 or 3 parts. On the contrary,  A. corticis has two pairs of small circular genital markings located next to male pores in presetal and postsetal xviii, an ovoid ampulla, and a blunt, ovoid diverticula with straight stalk.</p><p>Within the  A. corticis group,  Amynthas catenatus sp. nov. is fairly similar to  A. divitopapillatus (Thai, 1984) and  A. conhanungensis (Thai, 1984) in having numerous genital markings in xviii and spermathecal pores in 5/6/7/8/9. However, they are differentiated in the position of first dorsal pore, number and arrangement of genital markings in the male region, presence of septum 8/9, type of intestinal caeca, and body size (summarized in Table 1).</p><p>Source: 1 = Thai (1984).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4F26309B80C35222A171AA0CE35F26AB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Nguyen, Tung T.;Lam, Dang H.;Trinh, Binh T. K.;Nguyen, Anh D.	Nguyen, Tung T., Lam, Dang H., Trinh, Binh T. K., Nguyen, Anh D. (2020): The megascolecid earthworms (Annelida, Oligochaeta, Megascolecidae) in the Phu Quoc island, Vietnam, with descriptions of three new species. ZooKeys 932: 1-25, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.932.50314, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.932.50314
BA7F06852F4C5D538BD32FF8DBC149CF.text	BA7F06852F4C5D538BD32FF8DBC149CF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amynthas phuquocensis Nguyen & Lam & Trinh & Nguyen 2020	<div><p>Amynthas phuquocensis sp. nov. Figs 12, 13, Tables 2, 3</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype: 1 mature (CTU-EW.188.h01), Kien Giang Province, Phu Quoc island, natural forests (10°20'51.3"N, 103°58'58.0"E), 44.2 m, 7 November 2016, coll. Lam HD &amp; Trinh TKB.</p><p>Paratypes: 9 matures (CTU-EW.188.p02) same data as for holotype.</p><p>Non-types: 9 matures (CTU-EW.188.03) same data as for holotype; 4 matures (CTU-EW.188.04), Kien Giang Province, Phu Quoc island, natural forests (10°20'50"N, 103°55'07"E), 57 m, 7 November 2016, coll. Lam HD &amp; Trinh TKB.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Medium-sized, length 74-145 mm, average diameter 2.5-4.7 mm, segments 116-145. Prostomium epilobous. Two pairs of spermathecal pores in ventral intersegments 7/8/9. Male pores in xviii, without copulatory pouches. Two pairs of genital markings present in ventral 17/18 and 18/19. Intestinal caeca simple. Holandric. Testis sacs in xi, separated. Septa 8/9/10/11 absent.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>"  phuquocensis ", named for the type locality.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Body cylindrical, medium size, length 74-145 mm, average diameter 2.5-4.7 mm, segments 116-145, weight 0.6-3.7 g. Body uniformly greyish brown except darkish brown clitellum. Prostomium 2/3 epilobous. First dorsal pore in 12/13. Pre-clitellum setae stouter and sparser than post-clitellum ones; setal numbers: 42-61 in viii, 50-77 in xxx, 5-9 between male porophores in xviii; setal distance: aa&gt; ab, zz&gt; zy. Clitellum within xiv-xvi, without setae and dorsal pores. Female pore single, in mid-ventral xiv.</p><p>Two pairs of spermathecal pores in ventral intersegments 7/8/9. Genital markings absent in the spermathecal region. Male pores located in the setal ring xviii, without copulatory pouches; ventral distance between two male pores about 0.28  × body circumference. Genital markings roundly pad-shaped and variable in the male region, normally with two pairs in 17/18 and 18/19, or a pair in xix (near 19/20).</p><p>Septa 5/6/7/8 thick, 8/9/10/11 absent, 11/12/13 thick. Oesophageal gizzard within viii-xi. Intestinal origin at xv. Intestinal caeca simple, within xxvii-xxiv. Last hearts in xiii. Pharyngeal micronephridia in 5/6/7. Typhlosole lamelliform. Lymph lobuled, from 15/16.</p><p>Two pairs of spermathecae in viii and ix. Ampulla large, heart-shaped with transverse wrinkles; ducts short and stout. Diverticula waved, attached to the base of ampulla; seminal chamber ellipsoid. Accessory glands bean-shaped, surrounding spermathecal ducts.</p><p>Holandric. Testis sacs in xi, separated, the anterior pair poorly developed. Seminal vesicles well developed in xi and xii. Ovaries in 12/13. Ovisacs invisible. Prostate glands deeply lobuled in xvi-xx; ducts strongly coiled. Accessory glands present.</p><p>Habitats.</p><p>The species was occasionally found in natural forests along the main road to the northern part of Phu Quoc island. They were collected in the upper soil layer (0-10cm).</p><p>Vietnamese name.</p><p>Giun  phú quốc.</p><p>Variations.</p><p>The body size and number of genital markings in the male region are variable among collected specimens. Specimens can be divided into two groups based on body size. The group of smaller specimens (n = 15) present the following ranges: length = 71-85 mm, diameter = 2.5-2.9 mm, segments = 116-145. The larger specimens (n = 8) present: length = 96-145 mm, diameter = 3.1-4.7 mm, segments = 124-145. Both two groups were together at the same site.</p><p>Genital markings are also variable in the male region. Genital markings have two pairs located in 17/18 and 18/19 (Type 1), but reduced to three genital markings (Type 2), one pair either in xvii or in xiv (Type 3 or Type 4), or a single one in xix (Type 5) (Fig. 12).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The new species can be assigned into the  Amynthas aeruginosus group, which is characterized by having two pairs of spermathecal pores in 7/8/9 and holandric (Sims and Easton 1972). This group is known to have about 70 species distributed mainly in Southeast and East Asia. Of these, about 11 species have been recorded in Vietnam (Nguyen et al. 2016).</p><p>Within the  A. aeruginosus group, the new species is fairly similar to  A. phimpheti Hong, Inkavilay &amp; James, 2018 and  A. antethecus Hong, Inkavilay &amp; James, 2018 in having two pairs of genital markings in the male region, but absent in the spermathecal region, and a simple intestinal caeca. However, these species can be distinguished by the positions of the first dorsal pore and the spermathecal pores and genital markings in the male region, the presence of septum 10/11, presence of accessory glands, and position of testis sacs (summarized in Table 2).</p><p>Regarding the arrangement of genital markings in the male region, the new species is slightly similar to  A. platycorpus (Thai, 1982) and  A. binhgiaensis (Le, 1994) by having two pairs of genital markings in 17/18 and 18/19. However, these species can be distinguished by number and position of spermathecal pores, first dorsal pore, genital markings in the spermathecal region, presence of septum 10/11, type of intestinal caeca and testis sacs (summarized in Table 3).</p><p>Source: *: Hong et al. (2018).</p><p>Source: 1: Do et al. (1994); 2: Thai (1982).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BA7F06852F4C5D538BD32FF8DBC149CF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Nguyen, Tung T.;Lam, Dang H.;Trinh, Binh T. K.;Nguyen, Anh D.	Nguyen, Tung T., Lam, Dang H., Trinh, Binh T. K., Nguyen, Anh D. (2020): The megascolecid earthworms (Annelida, Oligochaeta, Megascolecidae) in the Phu Quoc island, Vietnam, with descriptions of three new species. ZooKeys 932: 1-25, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.932.50314, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.932.50314
2955009C0F355B8A83AFD634C00747A8.text	2955009C0F355B8A83AFD634C00747A8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amynthas poropapillatus Nguyen & Lam & Trinh & Nguyen 2020	<div><p>Amynthas poropapillatus sp. nov. Fig. 14, Table 4</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Holotype: 1C (CTU-EW.190.h01), Kien Giang Province, Phu Quoc island, natural forests (10°22'53"N, 104°00'22"E), 38 m, 7 November 2016, coll. Trinh TKB.</p><p>Paratypes: 9C (CTU-EW.190.p02) same data as for holotype.</p><p>Non-types: 11C (CTU-EW.190.03) same data as for holotype.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Medium-sized, length 139-170 mm, diameter 4.4-5.8 mm, segments 149-151. Prostomium epilobous. First dorsal pore in 12/13. Two pairs of spermathecal pores in ventral intersegments 7/8/9. Male pores located behind the setal ring xviii, on the posterior edge of genital markings. Two pairs of genital markings present in xvii and xviii. Intestinal caeca simple. Holandric. Testis sacs in xi, separated. Septa 8/9/10/11 absent.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>"  poropapillatus ", an adjective in apposition, to emphasize the position of male pores on the genital markings.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Body cylindrical, medium-sized, length 139-170 mm, diameter 4.4-5.8 mm, segments 149-151, weight 1.4-2.2 g. Body uniformly greyish brown except darkish brown clitellum. Prostomium 1/2 epilobous. First dorsal pore in 12/13. Pre-clitellum setae stouter and sparser than post-clitellum ones; setal numbers: 56-59 in viii, 84-85 in xxx, 17-20 between two male porophores in xviii; setal distance: aa = ab, zz = zy. Clitellum xiv-xvi, without setae and dorsal pores. Female pore single, in mid-ventral xiv.</p><p>Two pairs of spermathecal pores in intersegments 7/8/9. Male pores behind the setal ring xviii, on the posterior edge of genital markings, without copulatory pouches; ventral distance between two male pores about 0.33  × circumference. Two pairs of genital markings present in xvii and xviii, slightly concave inside body wall.</p><p>Septa 5/6/7/8 thick, 8/9/10/11 absent, 11/12/13 thin. Oesophageal gizzard within viii-xi. Intestinal origin at xv. Intestinal caeca simple, within xxii-xxvii. Last hearts in xiii. Pharyngeal micronephridia in 5/6/7. Typhlosole lamelliform. Lymph glands lobuled, from 15/16.</p><p>Two pairs of spermathecae in viii and ix. Ampulla clavate, sometimes constricted; ducts short. Diverticula shorter than ampulla, folded several times, attached to the base of ampulla; seminal chamber oval. Each spermatheca with a bean-shaped accessory gland.</p><p>Holandric. Testis sacs in xi, separated. Seminal vesicles well developed in xi and xii. Ovaries in 12/13. Ovisacs invisible. Prostatic glands deeply lobuled in xvi-xxi; ducts long. Two pairs of accessory glands present.</p><p>Habitats.</p><p>The species was found only in natural forests in northern part of Phu Quoc island. It was collected in the upper soil layer (0-10 cm) of clay soils.</p><p>Vietnamese name.</p><p>Giun  nhú phụ chứa lỗ  đ ực.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The new species can be assigned to the  A. aeruginosus group. Within the  A. aeruginosus group,  A. poropapillatus sp. nov. is similar to  A. nametensis Hong, Inkhavilay &amp; James, 2018 and  A. hoauykanangensis Hong, Inkhavilay &amp; James, 2018 in having the spermathecal pores located ventrally, the genital markings paired in xviii, the genital markings in spermathecal region absent, and a simple intestinal caeca. However, these three species can be distinguished by the first dorsal pore, number and position of genital markings in the male region, position of male pores, presence of septa 8/9 and 10/11, and intestinal origin (summarized in Table 4).</p><p>Source: *: Hong et al. (2018).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2955009C0F355B8A83AFD634C00747A8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Nguyen, Tung T.;Lam, Dang H.;Trinh, Binh T. K.;Nguyen, Anh D.	Nguyen, Tung T., Lam, Dang H., Trinh, Binh T. K., Nguyen, Anh D. (2020): The megascolecid earthworms (Annelida, Oligochaeta, Megascolecidae) in the Phu Quoc island, Vietnam, with descriptions of three new species. ZooKeys 932: 1-25, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.932.50314, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.932.50314
F2DDD825F8C45E018C968B08512C1066.text	F2DDD825F8C45E018C968B08512C1066.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lampito mauritii Kinberg 1867	<div><p>Lampito mauritii Kinberg, 1867 Fig. 2</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>1 mature (CTU-EW.002.15), residential gardens (10°10'43"N, 103°58'24"E), 7 m, 5 November 2016, coll. Lam HD &amp; Trinh TKB.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Medium-sized. Prostomium epilobous. Clitellum within xiv-xvii. Three pairs of spermathecal pores in ventral intersegments 6/7/8/9. No genital markings. Male pores in xviii with penis seta. Spermathecae with two diverticula. Holandric. Intestinal caeca absent. Septa 4/5/6 absent. Oesophageal gizzard within v-vi.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The species is widely distributed in sandy soils in coastal areas of Vietnam (Nguyen 2014; Nguyen et al. 2016).</p><p>Vietnamese name.</p><p>Giun lampito mauriti.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F2DDD825F8C45E018C968B08512C1066	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Nguyen, Tung T.;Lam, Dang H.;Trinh, Binh T. K.;Nguyen, Anh D.	Nguyen, Tung T., Lam, Dang H., Trinh, Binh T. K., Nguyen, Anh D. (2020): The megascolecid earthworms (Annelida, Oligochaeta, Megascolecidae) in the Phu Quoc island, Vietnam, with descriptions of three new species. ZooKeys 932: 1-25, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.932.50314, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.932.50314
196E96B3AFBD5AC3BA5C50D3496168DA.text	196E96B3AFBD5AC3BA5C50D3496168DA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metaph ire subsp. posthuma (Vaillant 1868)	<div><p>Metaph ire posthuma (Vaillant, 1868) Fig. 9</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>3 matures (CTU-EW.011.13), residential gardens (10°10'52"N, 103°58'08"E), 10 m, 5 November 2016, coll. Lam HD &amp; Trinh TKB.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Medium-sized. Prostomium epilobous. First dorsal pore in 12/13. Four pairs of spermathecal pores in lateroventral intersegments 5/6/7/8/9. Male pores located inside shallow copulatory pouches in xviii. Two pairs of genital markings present in xvii and xix. Intestinal caeca simple. Holandric. Testis sacs connected. Septum 8/9 thick, 9/10 absent.</p><p>Habitats.</p><p>The species was only found in the residential gardens.</p><p>Vietnamese name.</p><p>Giun quắn.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The species is commonly distributed in southern Vietnam, but rarely found in Phu Quoc island.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/196E96B3AFBD5AC3BA5C50D3496168DA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Nguyen, Tung T.;Lam, Dang H.;Trinh, Binh T. K.;Nguyen, Anh D.	Nguyen, Tung T., Lam, Dang H., Trinh, Binh T. K., Nguyen, Anh D. (2020): The megascolecid earthworms (Annelida, Oligochaeta, Megascolecidae) in the Phu Quoc island, Vietnam, with descriptions of three new species. ZooKeys 932: 1-25, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.932.50314, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.932.50314
DDBCC598140550F7BF150B90323146C0.text	DDBCC598140550F7BF150B90323146C0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metaphire bahli (Gates 1945)	<div><p>Metaphire bahli (Gates, 1945) Fig. 3</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>22 matures (CTU-EW.004.46) natural forests, (10°10'48"N, 103°58'15"E), 20 m, 5 November 2016, coll. Lam HD &amp; Trinh TKB; 30 matures (CTU-EW.004.47) residential gardens (10°11'06"N, 103°58'15"E), 13.4 m, 6 November 2016, coll. Lam HD &amp; Trinh TKB; 13 matures (CTU-EW.004.48) industrial tree plantations, (10°06'11"N, 104°00'51"E), 20 m, 5 November 2016, coll. Lam HD &amp; Trinh TKB.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Medium-sized. Prostomium 2/3 epilobous. First dorsal pore in 12/13. Three pairs of spermathecal pores in lateroventral intersegments 6/7/8/9. Male pores located inside copulatory pouches in xviii. Male region strongly concave to form an ellipsoid or rounded area. Genital markings absent in the spermathecal region, but two pairs present in 17/18 and 18/19, in line with male pores. Intestinal caeca simple. Holandric. Testis sacs separated. Septa 8/9/10 absent.</p><p>Habitats.</p><p>This species was collected from leaf litter and upper soil layer (0-10 cm).</p><p>Remarks. This species is widely distributed in southern Vietnam (Thai et al. 2004; Nguyen et al. 2016, 2017).</p><p>Vietnamese name.</p><p>Giun bahl.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DDBCC598140550F7BF150B90323146C0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Nguyen, Tung T.;Lam, Dang H.;Trinh, Binh T. K.;Nguyen, Anh D.	Nguyen, Tung T., Lam, Dang H., Trinh, Binh T. K., Nguyen, Anh D. (2020): The megascolecid earthworms (Annelida, Oligochaeta, Megascolecidae) in the Phu Quoc island, Vietnam, with descriptions of three new species. ZooKeys 932: 1-25, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.932.50314, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.932.50314
0761082F34585355BB8E7AB4B688FB29.text	0761082F34585355BB8E7AB4B688FB29.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metaphire californica (Kinberg 1867)	<div><p>Metaphire californica (Kinberg, 1867) Fig. 4</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>21 matures (CTU-EW.136.02), residential gardens, (10°12'20"N, 103°57'53"E), 26 m, 6 November 2016, coll. Lam HD &amp; Trinh TKB.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Medium-sized. Prostomium epilobous. First dorsal pore in 12/13. Two pairs of spermathecal pores in lateroventral intersegments 7/8/9. Male pores located inside copulatory pouches in xviii. Genital markings absent in both spermathecal and male regions. Intestinal caeca simple. Holandric. Testis sacs connected. Septa 8/9/10 absent.</p><p>Habitats.</p><p>The species was found in the residential gardens and natural forests. They live in leaf litter and humid rocks.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Thai et al. (2004) reported this species from the Phu Quoc island, but with question mark "  Pheretima californica ?". Comparing to  M. californica previously recorded in the mainland of Vietnam, the population of the Phu Quoc island has several differences: septum 10/11 absent, intestinal caeca simple, and testis sacs connected. However, simple intestinal caeca were also reported widely in Myanmar and Taiwan (Gates 1972; Chang et al. 2009).</p><p>Vietnamese name.</p><p>Giun  california .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0761082F34585355BB8E7AB4B688FB29	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Nguyen, Tung T.;Lam, Dang H.;Trinh, Binh T. K.;Nguyen, Anh D.	Nguyen, Tung T., Lam, Dang H., Trinh, Binh T. K., Nguyen, Anh D. (2020): The megascolecid earthworms (Annelida, Oligochaeta, Megascolecidae) in the Phu Quoc island, Vietnam, with descriptions of three new species. ZooKeys 932: 1-25, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.932.50314, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.932.50314
BEAC577DFE1A5D65B52E9AC8172BA55C.text	BEAC577DFE1A5D65B52E9AC8172BA55C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metaphire doiphamon Bantaowong & Panha 2016	<div><p>Metaphire doiphamon Bantaowong &amp; Panha, 2016 Fig. 5</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>7 matures (CTU-EW.014.02), residential gardens (10°09'29"N, 104°00'01"E), 16 m, 5 November 2016, coll. Lam HD &amp; Trinh TKB; 5 matures (CTU-EW.014.03), natural forests (10°21'08"N, 103°55'42"E), 82 m, 7 November 2016, coll. Lam HD &amp; Trinh TKB.</p><p>Diagnosis. Medium-sized. Prostomium epilobous. First dorsal pore in 12/13. Three pairs of spermathecal pores in lateroventral intersegments 6/7/8/9. Male pores located inside copulatory pouches in xviii. Two pairs of genital markings in xvii and xix, in line with male pores. Intestinal caeca lobuled. Holandric. Testis sacs in xi, separated. Septa 8/9/10 absent.</p><p>Re-description.</p><p>Body cylindrical, medium-sized, length 168-220 mm, diameter 6.50-7.58 mm, segments 99-133, weight 5.5-13.2 g. Body greyish brown, ventrum paler than dorsum, clitellum darkish brown. Prostomium 3/4 epilobous. First dorsal pore in 12/13. Pre-clitellum setae stouter and sparser than post-clitellum setae; setal number: 65-77 in viii, 94-97 in xxx, 4-10 between two male porophores in xviii; setal distance: aa&gt; ab, zz&gt; zy. Clitellum within xiv-xvi, without setae and dorsal pores. Female pore single, in mid-ventral xiv.</p><p>Three pairs of spermathecal pores in lateroventral intersegments 6/7/8/9. Four pairs of pad-shaped genital markings in vi-ix, in line with spermathecal pores.</p><p>Male pores located inside copulatory pouches in xviii. Ventral distance between two openings of copulatory pouches about 0.3  × body circumference. Two pairs of dish-shaped genital markings present in 17/18 and 18/19, in line with the openings of copulatory pouches.</p><p>Septa 5/6/7/8 thick, 8/9/10/11 absent, 11/12/13 thick. Oesophageal gizzard within viii-xi. Intestinal origin at xv. Intestinal caeca within xxvii-xxix, ventrally lobuled. Last hearts in xiii. Pharyngeal micronephridia grouped in 5/6/7. Typhlosole lamelliform. Lymph glands lobuled, from 16/17.</p><p>Spermathecae paired in vi-ix. Ampulla large, oval-shaped; ducts as long as 1/3 ampulla. Diverticula strongly coiled, attached to the middle of ampulla duct; seminal chamber oval. No accessory glands.</p><p>Holandric. Testis sacs in xi, separated. Seminal vesicles well developed in xi and xii. Ovaries in 12/13; ovisacs inviable. Prostate glands deeply lobuled in xvi-xxi; ducts spherical, enlarged basally. Two pairs of large accessory glands present.</p><p>Habitats.</p><p>The species was found in all habitats, but more in residential gardens. They live in clay soils in the depth of 15-30 cm.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Nguyen (2014) also recorded this species in the mountainous region of An Giang province under the name "  Metaphire sp. 4". Compared to the description of  M. doiphanon by Bantaowong et al. (2016), our specimens differ slightly in the absence of septum 10/11, diverticula attached to the middle of ampulla duct, separated testis sacs, and intestinal caeca slightly lobuled ventrally. On the contrary,  M. doiphanon has thick septum 10/11, diverticula attached to the base of ampulla duct, connected testis sacs, and simple intestinal caeca.</p><p>Of all specimens, five differ in that their copulatory pouches are deeply concave inside the body wall (Fig. 5A2), whereas, in others, the copulatory pouches are convex outside the body wall (Fig. 5A3).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BEAC577DFE1A5D65B52E9AC8172BA55C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Nguyen, Tung T.;Lam, Dang H.;Trinh, Binh T. K.;Nguyen, Anh D.	Nguyen, Tung T., Lam, Dang H., Trinh, Binh T. K., Nguyen, Anh D. (2020): The megascolecid earthworms (Annelida, Oligochaeta, Megascolecidae) in the Phu Quoc island, Vietnam, with descriptions of three new species. ZooKeys 932: 1-25, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.932.50314, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.932.50314
FB172F8EC3AD5792AFA1C66770A30CD7.text	FB172F8EC3AD5792AFA1C66770A30CD7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metaphire dorsobitheca (Thai & Huynh 1992)	<div><p>Metaphire dorsobitheca (Thai &amp; Huynh, 1992) Fig. 10</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>1 mature (CTU-EW.191.h01), 9 matures (CTU-EW.191.p02), 24 matures (CTU-EW.191.03), Kien Giang Province, Phu Quoc island, industrial tree plantations (10°09'31"N, 104°00'38"E), 16 m, 5 November 2016, coll. Lam HD &amp; Trinh TKB.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Small to medium-sized. Prostomium epilobous. First dorsal pore in 12/13. Three pairs of spermathecal pores in dorsal intersegments 6/7/8/9. Male pores located inside copulatory pouches in xviii. No genital markings. Penial setae present. Intestinal caeca simple. Holandric. Testis sacs connected in xi. Septa 8/9/10 absent.</p><p>Re-description.</p><p>Body cylindrical, small to medium-sized, length 81-118 mm, diameter 3.3-3.7 mm, segments 106-142, weight 0.5-0.8 g. Body uniformly whitish grey, clitellum darkish brown. Prostomium 1/2 epilobous. First dorsal pore in 12/13. Pre-clitellum setae stouter and sparser than post-clitellum setae; setal numbers: 44-47 in viii, 54-58 in xxx, 7-8 between two openings of copulatory pouches; setal distance aa&gt; ab, zz ≥ zy. Clitellum within xiv-xvi, slightly flattened ventrally, without setae and dorsal pores. Female pore single, in mid-ventral xiv.</p><p>Three pairs of spermathecal pores in dorsal intersegments 6/7/8/9, located near dorsal line. Genital markings absent in the spermathecal region. Male pores located inside copulatory pouches in xviii; ventral distance between two openings of copulatory pouches about 0.3  × body circumference. No genital markings in the male region.</p><p>Septa 5/6/7/8 thick, 8/9/10/11 absent, 11/12/13 thin. Oesophageal gizzard within viii-xi. Intestinal origin at xv. Intestinal caeca simple, within xxvii-xxv. Last hearts in xiii. Typhlosole lamelliform. Lymph glands lobuled, from 17/18.</p><p>Three pairs of spermathecae in vii-ix. Ampulla clavate; ducts long. Diverticula thin, waved, shorter than ampulla, attached to the base of ampulla; seminal chamber ellipsoid. No accessory glands.</p><p>Holandric. Testis sacs in xi, connected. Seminal vesicles xi and xii well developed. Ovaries in 12/13. Ovisacs invisible. Prostate glands racemose, within xvii-xxii; ducts spherical, enlarged basally, ending at bell-shaped copulatory pouches. Each copulatory pouch with a penial seta. Two pairs of accessory glands attached to copulatory pouches.</p><p>Habitats.</p><p>The species was collected in the depth of 0-10 cm of sandy soils in bushes and residential gardens.</p><p>Vietnamese name.</p><p>Giun buồng giao phối  hình chuông .</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Compared to the original description of  M. dorsobitheca by Thai et al. (1992), our specimens differ in minor way: slightly larger size (length: 81-118mm vs 54 mm, diameter: 3.3-3.7 vs 2 mm), more segments (106-142 vs 76), first dorsal pore (12/13 vs 10/11), absence of septum 10/11 (vs presence), the origin of intestine (xv vs xvi), and shape of spermathecal ampulla (sac-shaped vs clavate).</p><p>Metaphire dorsobitheca was previously known only in its type locality (Dak No, Dak Lak Province). This is first time that this species has been found elsewhere.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB172F8EC3AD5792AFA1C66770A30CD7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Nguyen, Tung T.;Lam, Dang H.;Trinh, Binh T. K.;Nguyen, Anh D.	Nguyen, Tung T., Lam, Dang H., Trinh, Binh T. K., Nguyen, Anh D. (2020): The megascolecid earthworms (Annelida, Oligochaeta, Megascolecidae) in the Phu Quoc island, Vietnam, with descriptions of three new species. ZooKeys 932: 1-25, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.932.50314, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.932.50314
F1D6B7558C455C93A1AC74BEA2E32E8E.text	F1D6B7558C455C93A1AC74BEA2E32E8E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metaphire houlleti (Perrier 1872)	<div><p>Metaphire houlleti (Perrier, 1872) Fig. 6</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>10 matures (CTU-EW.006.29), industrial tree plantations (10°06'11"N, 104°00'51"E), 20 m, 5 November 2016, coll. Lam HD &amp; Trinh TKB; 15 matures (CTU-EW.018.024), residential gardens (10°16'04"N, 103°56'28"E), 6 November 2016, coll. Lam HD &amp; Trinh TKB; 7 matures (CTU-EW.018.025), natural forests (10°22'53"N, 104°00'22"E), 38 m, 07 November 2016, coll. Lam HD &amp; Trinh TKB.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Medium-sized. Prostomium epilobous. First dorsal pore in 11/12. Three pairs of spermathecal pores in lateroventral intersegments 6/7/8/9. Male pores located inside copulatory pouches in xviii. Two to four penial setae. Intestinal caeca simple. No genital markings. Holandric. Testis sacs connected. Septa 8/9/10 absent.</p><p>Habitats.</p><p>The species was found mainly in industrial tree plantations and residential gardens. It was collected in leaf litter and sometimes in upper soil surface (0-10 cm).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The specimens collected in Phu Quoc island have the seta a on segments iii-v being bigger than that on other segments.</p><p>Vietnamese name.</p><p>Giun houllet.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F1D6B7558C455C93A1AC74BEA2E32E8E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Nguyen, Tung T.;Lam, Dang H.;Trinh, Binh T. K.;Nguyen, Anh D.	Nguyen, Tung T., Lam, Dang H., Trinh, Binh T. K., Nguyen, Anh D. (2020): The megascolecid earthworms (Annelida, Oligochaeta, Megascolecidae) in the Phu Quoc island, Vietnam, with descriptions of three new species. ZooKeys 932: 1-25, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.932.50314, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.932.50314
8F45FD3F065E57E39EE382A15E0DCCF1.text	8F45FD3F065E57E39EE382A15E0DCCF1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metaphire peguana (Rosa 1890)	<div><p>Metaphire peguana (Rosa, 1890) Fig. 7</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>15 matures (CTU-EW.009.13) natural forests, (10°10'48"N, 103°58'15"E), 20 m, 5 November 2016, coll. Lam HD &amp; Trinh TKB.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Medium-sized. Prostomium epilobous. First dorsal pore in 12/13. Three pairs of spermathecal pores in lateroventral intersegments 6/7/8/9. Male pores located inside copulatory pouches in xviii. Male region not concave. Genital markings absent in the spermathecal region, but two pairs disc-shaped in 17/18 and 18/19, in line with the openings of copulatory pouches. Intestinal caeca simple. Holandric. Testis sacs separated. Septa 8/9/10 absent.</p><p>Habitats.</p><p>The species was found only in the upper soil surface of natural forests.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Of 20 specimens, six have intestinal caeca which are slightly lobuled ventrally.</p><p>Vietnamese name.</p><p>Giun pegu.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8F45FD3F065E57E39EE382A15E0DCCF1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Nguyen, Tung T.;Lam, Dang H.;Trinh, Binh T. K.;Nguyen, Anh D.	Nguyen, Tung T., Lam, Dang H., Trinh, Binh T. K., Nguyen, Anh D. (2020): The megascolecid earthworms (Annelida, Oligochaeta, Megascolecidae) in the Phu Quoc island, Vietnam, with descriptions of three new species. ZooKeys 932: 1-25, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.932.50314, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.932.50314
FA5A816800885299B995B11C60BF5FDA.text	FA5A816800885299B995B11C60BF5FDA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metaphire planata (Gates 1926)	<div><p>Metaphire planata (Gates, 1926) Fig. 8</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>10 matures (CTU-EW.005.030), industrial tree plantations (10°09'31"N, 104°00'38"E), 25 m, 5 November 2016, coll. Lam HD &amp; Trinh TKB; 21 matures (CTU-EW.005.031), residential gardens (10°12'09"N, 103°58'06"E), 36 m, 5 November 2016, coll. Lam HD &amp; Trinh TKB.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Medium-sized. Prostomium epilobous. First dorsal pore in 11/12. Two pairs of spermathecal pores in lateral intersegments 6/7/8. Male pores located inside copulatory pouches in xviii. Genital markings absent in the male region, but 1-3 located near each spermathecal pore. Intestinal caeca simple. Holandric. Testis sacs separated. Accessory glands present, sac-shaped. Septa 8/9/10 absent.</p><p>Habitats.</p><p>The species was commonly found in residential gardens and industrial tree plantations. They live in leaf litter and upper soil layer.</p><p>Vietnamese name.</p><p>Giun plana.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The species has been commonly found in southern Vietnam. However, it was erroneously identified as  Metaphire californica (Nguyen 2014, as  Pheretima california: sic!; Nguyen et al. 2016, 2017), but recently corrected (Nguyen et al. 2019). In addition, it has not been recorded from the small islands of Lai Son, An Son, and Hon Tre, which are located between Phu Quoc island and southern Vietnam (Nguyen et al. 2017).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FA5A816800885299B995B11C60BF5FDA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Nguyen, Tung T.;Lam, Dang H.;Trinh, Binh T. K.;Nguyen, Anh D.	Nguyen, Tung T., Lam, Dang H., Trinh, Binh T. K., Nguyen, Anh D. (2020): The megascolecid earthworms (Annelida, Oligochaeta, Megascolecidae) in the Phu Quoc island, Vietnam, with descriptions of three new species. ZooKeys 932: 1-25, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.932.50314, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.932.50314
