identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
104C87ACFFBB186136C4FBA0FEF4E604.text	104C87ACFFBB186136C4FBA0FEF4E604.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hemicolpus maragatensis Sanz-Veiga, Savaris & Leivas 2023	<div><p>Hemicolpus maragatensis Sanz-Veiga, Savaris &amp; Leivas, sp. nov.</p> <p>Figs. 2–30</p> <p>http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: EF8F8288-2CE2-4DC6-8F65-67F5DD6AD55A</p> <p>Hemicolpus abdominalis: Hespenheide 2018: 123 [specimen illustrated in Fig. 3].</p> <p>Diagnosis. This species differs from all species of Hemicolpus in having general reddish-brown vestiture and reddish integument color (Figs. 2–4). In addition, from other species of Hemicolpus, except H. abdominalis, it differs in having a strongly excavated mesoventral canal (Fig. 5), and a pair of tubercles on the second abdominal tergite (Fig. 19). It differs from H. abdominalis, the most morphologically similar species, by the triangular glabrous patch extending over almost half the area of the mesanepisternum (Fig. 6); metafemur longitudinally carinate (Fig. 7a); minute premucro oriented almost at 90°; prominent inner flange of the tibial apex longer than wide (Fig. 7b); and by the absence of a preapical constriction on the penis (Fig. 23).</p> <p>Description. Body very robust and oval, widest at elytral humeri, 4.0– 4.6 mm long in males, and 3.9–4.6 mm long in females. Body integument strongly to moderately punctate, reddish to reddish-brown, with antenna and tarsi brownish. The pronotum is covered mainly by slender pale-brown or reddish-brown scales, with few pale scales; the elytra with pale scales interspaced with pale-brown ones. Scales semierect and recumbent on pronotum, sparser and semierect on elytra (Figs. 2, 3), moderately dense and mostly recumbent ventrally (Figs. 19, 20).</p> <p>Head. Width 0.87–1.05, globose, vertex finely punctate, covered with small pale-brown scales. Eyes emarginate dorsally, acuminate ventrally, separated by one or two rows of slender pale-brown scales at closest point near middle (Fig. 6). Rostrum. Length 1.08–1.25 mm in males and 1.11–1.28 mm in females, subcylindrical, ventrally flat, slightly wider at base, weakly arcuate at basal third near antennal insertion, and very slightly curved toward apex, with weak lateral constriction in middle, with small shallow punctures, and feebly carinate at basal half along dorsal midline (Figs. 15, 17). Female rostrum almost straight along apical ⅔, slightly slender, and smoother than male (Figs. 16, 18). Scrobe well defined, dorsally delimited by carina, which extends toward rostrum base. Basal third dorsally covered with pale and pale-brown scales, inconspicuous pale scales toward apex in males (Fig. 17). In females, primarily glabrous along apical ⅔ (Fig. 18), glabrous along dorsal midline and ventrally. Antenna inserted at basal third of rostrum in both sexes (Figs. 15, 16); scape short and clavate 1.4 times as long as antennal segment I, segment II 0.8 times as long as I, and 1.5 times as long as III, IV 0.8 times III, and 1.3 times segment V, the VI and VII subequal and slightly smaller than V; club elongate, oval, twice longer than wide, subequal in length to first segment.</p> <p>Prothorax. Pronotum 1.21–1.46 mm long and 1.71–1.84 mm wide in males, 1.30–1.48 mm long and 1.61–1.84 mm wide in females; wider than long, widest posteriorly (Fig. 3). Dorsally convex (Fig. 2), sides slightly round, gradually converging anteriad, anterior margin round, with weak anterior constriction, posterior margin bisinuate with midline lobe extending toward scutellum (Fig. 3). Integument with broad punctures, carinate along dorsal midline. Dorsally, mostly covered with slender, semierect, pale-brown or reddish-brown and few pale scales partially exposing integument, on sides dorsally oriented recumbent scales (Figs. 2, 3). Prosternal canal with posterior margin of basisternum projecting over anterior margin of sternellum, covered with flat yellowish scales (Fig. 5a).</p> <p>Mesothorax. Mesonotum with few punctures covered with setae at anterolateral margin; mesoscutummesoscutellum transition with broad punctures covered with pectinate scales; axillary cord round slightly angular (Fig. 10); scutellar shield oval, covered with erect pale scales. Elytra, in males, 2.63–2.95 mm long, 2.33–2.62 mm wide at anterior extremity, 1.36–1.43 times as wide, and 1.86–2.17 times as long as pronotum; in females, 2.45–2.84 mm long, 2.27–2.54 mm wide at anterior extremity, 1.35–1.42 times as wide and 1.88–2.00 times as long as pronotum; wider at anterior third, with sides very slightly rounded, gradually converging from middle toward posterior extremity, truncate at posterior margin. Humeral callus round and prominent, covered with semierect palebrown scales. Disc almost flat in anterior half, then slightly arcuate, slightly depressed behind scutellar shield, and along elytral suture, with elytral declivity behind prominence of interstria 5 (Figs. 2, 3). Striae and interstriae width subequal, interstriae 9 and 10 slightly wider at basal half, striae with deep rectangular punctures, interstria with shallow punctures, interstria 5 with faint prominence near elytral declivity. Sparsely covered with semierect, pale, and brown scales, prominence on interstria 5 with tuft of erect, long, brown or dark-brown scales, each interstria with one very slender pale scale, pale scales densely arranged along posterior ¼ of elytral suture, with posterior margin densely covered by pale-brown or reddish-brown scales (Figs. 2, 3). Ventrally, elytra apex with transversal stripe of microtrichia (Fig. 8); left elytron mesal flange abruptly produced from base to apex (Fig. 8). Mesanepisternum covered with pale-brown scales, basal inner angle with smooth glabrous triangular patch extending almost half area of mesanepisternum (Fig. 6). Mesepimeron covered with patch of semierect, long, pale scales dorsally extending over elytral margin. Mesendosternite with dorsally projecting weakly sclerotized, curved arm (Fig. 11). Mesoventrite strongly excavated forming mesoventral canal (Figs. 5a, b), laterally with two longitudinal carinae extending from anterior to posterior margin posteriorly meeting with metaventrite anterior carina (Fig. 5b), channel covered with pectinate yellowish scales. Outer side of each lateral carinae with patch of dense whitish scales behind mesocoxae (Fig. 5b).</p> <p>Metathorax. Metanotum with few setae at anterolateral margins; scutellar groove with well-developed median longitudinal crest, anteriorly with well-developed transverse bridge; metascutum with convex angular posteromedial margin (Fig. 12). Metathoracic wing with well-developed 3A, unsclerotized R3 forming white line, well-developed rm, and mst, C-shaped 2rs, elongated rectangular 1rs smaller than 2rs, the 1A2 defined near wing margin extending dorsally and merging with A through a1-a2 (Fig. 14). Metanepisternum mostly with pale-brown and few whitish scales; metanepisternal suture with round yellowish type III sclerolepidia (Fig. 4). Metendosternite with wide stalk, slender furcal arm, and developed hemiductus (Fig. 13). Metaventrite excavated beneath anterior margin, forming metaventral canal to receive rostrum apex, with anterior carina connected to mesoventrite lateral carinae (Figs. 5a, b). Legs. Pro- and mesocoxae with inner tubercle. Ventrally, femora with longitudinal sulcus, slightly curved at apical third, both inner and outer apical margins with small tooth. Metafemora with longitudinal carina on inner face (Fig. 7a). Femora covered by pale-brown intermixed with whitish scales, slightly denser at apical third (Fig. 7a). Tibia sparsely covered with slender whitish and brown scales, apically with yellowish setal comb near outer margin (Fig. 7a). Apex with large, curved uncus, round inner flange longer than wide, and small premucro directed at almost 90° angle to longitudinal axis of tibia (Fig. 7b), few long setae at each side between premucro and inner flange (Fig. 7b).</p> <p>Abdomen. Abdominal ventrite I with shallow anteromedial depression in males, shallower or flat in females (Figs. 19, 20), weakly ascending at posterior half. Ventrite II strongly angulate, sharply ascending at posterior ¾, with posteromedial concavity bordered anteriorly by pair of tubercles (Figs. 9, 19, 20). Ventrites III–V strongly ascending, III and IV subequal, more slender than II and V. Ventrite V subtrapezoidal (Fig. 9). Ventrite I covered with yellowish and pale-brown scales, male with oval patch of densely arranged yellow scales in anteromedial depression (Fig. 19), absent in female (Fig. 20). Tubercles covered with tuft of pale scales, concavity densely covered with pale-brown or reddish-brown scales. Ventrites III and IV with central patch of pale-brown or reddishbrown scales, and smaller patches of pale scales at each side of it, with tufts of pale or whitish scales on lateral margins. Ventrite V mostly covered by brown scales, with small tufts of whitish scales on sides (Fig. 9).</p> <p>Male terminalia (Figs. 21–25). Abdominal tergite VIII subretangular, 1.2 times wider than long, slightly wider basal half; sides emarginate at base, gradually converging from middle toward apex; apical margin almost flat or slightly convex with sides somewhat angulate (Figs. 21, 22); sclerotized at apical third and along periphery, not sclerotized at basal ¾; apical third dorsally covered with broad punctures and slender setae (Fig. 22). Sternite VIII composed of two separated subtrapezoid plates, with apical margin almost flat, outer sides of each plate slightly concave, and base slightly larger than apex; apex covered mostly with long setae and few shorter setae (Fig. 21). Sternite IX apically emarginate forming V-shaped structure with subequal short arms; spiculum gastrale slender and slightly curved, 1.3 times length of penis body, slightly enlarged at base (Fig. 21). Penis body 2.5 times as long as wide, sides almost parallel at basal ¾ then gradually converging toward apex, with apical margin blunt; apical sclerites elongate and subtriangular; endophallus rectangular slightly shorter than penis body; penis apodemes 1.2 times longer than body (Fig. 23). In lateral view, penis body arcuate and acuminate at apical end (Fig. 24). The tegmen parameroid lobes not sclerotized, connate at apical third, almost half length of tegminal apodeme (Fig. 25).</p> <p>Female terminalia (Figs. 26–30). Tergite VIII subtriangular, 1.2 times wider at base than long, wider at basal third, sides subparallel, slightly convex at basal third, then slightly concave and converging toward apex, apical margin slightly convex or almost flat, sclerotized at apical third and along periphery, weakly sclerotized at basal half (Figs. 26, 27); dorsally with apical third covered by long setae, denser toward apical margin (Fig. 27). Sternite VIII with U-shaped lobe, arms 0.7 times shorter than spiculum ventrale, with sides almost parallel, with weak lateral constriction in middle, slightly wider at apex, with somewhat irregular margin covered by long setae, spiculum ventrale emarginate at base (Fig. 28). Gonocoxite elongate, about three times longer than wide, slightly wider at basal half, weakly sclerotized, glabrous, with diagonal unsclerotized stripe at basal half; stylus cylindrical almost twice longer than wide, apex slightly narrow with few very small setae (Fig. 26). Bursa copulatrix membranous, elongate, nearly three times longer than wide, with weak lateral constriction near insertion of common oviduct, then slightly curved (Fig. 29). Spermatheca well sclerotized, C-shaped, cornu narrower than collum extremity, spermathecal duct positioned near common oviduct. Spermathecal gland membranous, elliptical, 1.4 times larger than spermatheca, and placed near spermathecal duct insertion (Fig. 30).</p> <p>External sexual dimorphism. Weak sexual dimorphism is evidenced by differences in the rostrum and first abdominal ventrite. The male rostrum is slightly more curved than the female (Fig. 15), more evidently carinate along ¾ midline and wider punctures throughout most of the rostrum (Fig. 17). In females, the rostrum is slightly more slender and smoother than the male (Fig. 16), sparsely covered with tiny scales after antennal insertion, mostly glabrous (Fig. 18). The male first abdominal ventrite presenting a weak anteromedial depression evidencing a rectangular or oval patch of yellowish scales (Fig. 19), mostly flat in females, without the patch of scales (Fig. 20).</p> <p>Remarks. Specimens also presented reddish-brown scales intermixed by a higher proportion of pale and darkbrown scales at each side of the pronotal midline. Some males showed an almost glabrous rostrum, similarly to females. This species can be easily differentiated from H. cubicus, H. heteromorphus, H. randiae, H. prenai, and H. costaricensis by presenting a more general reddish color, especially on the pronotum, rather dark brown and tan in H. randiae, H. prenai, and H. costaricensis, brown, yellowish, and white in H. heteromorphus, and glabrous in H. cubicus. Hemicolpus maragatensis can be further differentiated from H. abdominalis by the less visible pronotal integument in dorsal view (Fig. 3; more visible in H. abdominalis; Fig. 32), by a somewhat shinier reddish integument (Fig. 4; darker and less shiny in H. abdominalis; Fig. 33), a proportionally wider patch of brown scales on the concavity of the second abdominal ventrite (Fig. 9), and differences in size (H. maragatensis smaller than H. abdominalis). Also, by presenting an unsclerotized diagonal line at the basal half of the gonocoxite (Fig. 26); a narrower spermatheca cornu (Fig. 30; round in H. abdominalis; Fig. 57); a round anterior margin of the bursa copulatrix (Fig. 29; lobular in H. abdominalis; Fig. 56); and the margin of the mesonotum axillary cord slightly more angulate (Fig. 10; round in H. abdominalis; Fig. 39).</p> <p>Distribution. Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul (Nova Petrópolis, Passo Fundo, Pelotas), Santa Catarina (Seara, district of Nova Teutônia, and Joaçaba), and Paraná (Curitiba; Fig. 1). Elevational range from 280 to 940 m.</p> <p>Biology. This species has been reared from fruits of Randia ferox (Cham. &amp; Schltdl.) DC. (Rubiaceae), with adults emerging approximately two-three months after fruits started to develop, from February to the middle of April. Up to six adults from the fruits collected in Pelotas emerged from the same fruit.</p> <p>Type data. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.46089&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.241081" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.46089/lat -28.241081)">The</a> holotype male is labeled “ BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul: Passo Fundo, 27.II.2012, 28°14′27.89″S 52°27′39.21″W, 642 m, frutos, M. Savaris ” / “HOLOTYPE ♁ Hemicolpus maragatensis Sanz-Veiga, Savaris &amp; Leivas ” [red] / “ESALQENT0001643” [paper bar code label]. The holotype is pin mounted, in excellent condition, and deposited in the MELQ. Paratypes: same data as holotype, 3♁ 1♀ (MELQ ESALQENT0001644–47); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.503613&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.612778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.503613/lat -31.612778)">Pelotas</a>, 31º36′46″S 52º30′13″W, 288 m, 15 Mar 2021, reared from fruits Randia ferox, J. Bugoni col., 1♁ 1♀ (MELQ ESALQENT0001648–49); Santa Catarina: [Seara], <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.38336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.183556" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.38336/lat -27.183556)">Nova Teutônia</a>, 27º11′0.8″S 52º23′0.1″W, VII [Jul] 1954, 300-500 m, F. Plaumann, 2♀ (MZUSP). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.57861&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.188889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.57861/lat -27.188889)">Joaçaba</a>, 27°11′20.0″S 51°34′43.0″W, 708 m, 27 Apr 2022, reared from fruits of Randia ferox, C. Geuster col., 1♁ 1♀ (MELQ ESALQENT0001736–1737). Paraná: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-49.24917&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.396667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -49.24917/lat -25.396667)">Curitiba</a>, 25°23′48.0″S 49°14′57.0″W 947 m, reared from fruits of Randia ferox, 10 Mar 2022, P.A.S. Veiga col., 1♁ (MELQ ESALQENT0001650).</p> <p>Etymology. This species is named after the locality where the type series was first reared from fruits of R. ferox, the “Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Maragato (RPPN Maragato)”, which was created by Rogério Benvegnu Guedes to preserve a fragment of Mixed Ombrophilous Forest in Passo Fundo, middle plateau region of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The Maragatos was also the name given to the people who initiated the federalist revolution in the Rio Grande do Sul in 1893 in protest of the federal government (Oliveira 2014). This group of revolutionaries was identified by wearing a red scarf which distinguished them from the Chimangos, in a similar way by which H. maragatensis can be differentiated from the congeneric species due to its overall reddish vestiture and integument.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/104C87ACFFBB186136C4FBA0FEF4E604	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sanz-Veiga, Priscila A.;Savaris, Marcoandre;Leivas, Fernando W. T.;Medeiros, Alexandre Da Silva;Amorim, Felipe W.	Sanz-Veiga, Priscila A., Savaris, Marcoandre, Leivas, Fernando W. T., Medeiros, Alexandre Da Silva, Amorim, Felipe W. (2023): A new seed-feeding species of Hemicolpus Heller, 1895 from south Brazil and redescription of Hemicolpus abdominalis Hustache, 1938 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Conoderinae). Zootaxa 5227 (3): 301-327, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5227.3.1
104C87ACFFB3187B36C4FA01FAC1E044.text	104C87ACFFB3187B36C4FA01FAC1E044.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hemicolpus abdominalis Hustache 1938	<div><p>Hemicolpus abdominalis Hustache, 1938</p> <p>Figs. 31–61</p> <p>Hemicolpus abdominalis Hustache, 1938: 64–65 [description, Brazil]; Wibmer &amp; O’Brien 1986: 274 [catalog]; Hespenheide 2018: 120–121 [reconsideration]; Sanz-Veiga et al. 2017: 1–18 [host plant]; Sanz-Veiga et al. 2021: 1006–1018 [distribution, life cycle].</p> <p>Hemicolpus abdominalis: Hespenheide 2018: 120 [in part].</p> <p>Diagnosis. This species differs from the remaining species (with the exception of H. maragatensis) by the excavated mesoventrite (Fig. 34), and by the pair of tubercles on the second abdominal ventrite (Figs. 46, 47). From H. maragatensis it is distinguished by the darker integument (Fig. 33); the glabrous basal patch never extends over a third of the mesanepisternal area (Fig. 35); the lack of carina on metafemur (Fig. 36a); the round inner flange of the tibial apex almost as wide as long (Fig. 36b); the premucro oriented 45° (Fig. 36b); and by the preapical constriction of the penis (Fig. 50).</p> <p>Adult redescription. Body very robust, oval, widest at elytral humeri, 4.3–5.8 mm long in males, and 4.6–6.0 mm long in females. Body integument strongly to moderately punctate, black to dark reddish, with rostrum and tibia dark reddish, antenna and tarsi brownish. Body moderately to sparsely covered with pale or yellowish, brown, or reddish-brown scales (Figs. 31, 32). Scales slender, erect and recumbent on pronotum, slender, sparser and semierect on elytra, flat or oval on head and femur (Figs. 31, 32). Ventrally with dense, yellowish scales (Figs. 46, 47).</p> <p>Head. Width 0.91–1.25, globose, vertex finely punctate, covered with small, flat, oval, yellowish and palebrown scales. Eyes emarginate dorsally, acuminate ventrally, separated by one or two rows of short, slender, palebrown scales at closest point near middle (Fig. 35). Rostrum. In males, 0.94–1.27 mm long; in females, 0.98–1.25 mm long; subcylindrical, ventrally flat, slightly wider at base, arcuate at basal third near antennal insertion, slightly curved toward apex, with weak lateral constriction in middle, feebly carinate at basal third along dorsal midline, with shallow punctures, smoother along apical ⅔ (Figs. 44, 45). Female rostrum weakly curved, almost straight at apical ⅔, slightly more slender than male (Fig. 45). Scrobe well defined, dorsally delimited by carina extending toward rostrum base. Basal third covered with pale-brown and yellowish scales, inconspicuous pale scales toward apex (Fig. 44), glabrous along midline and ventrally, in females glabrous along apical ⅔ (Fig. 45). Antenna inserted at basal third of rostrum in both sexes; scape short and clavate, 1.4 times as long as antennal segment I, segment II 0.8 times as long as I, and 1.6 times as long as III, IV 0.8 times III, and 1.2 times segment V, VI and VII subequal slightly smaller than V; club elongate oval, 1.6 times as long as wide, slightly longer than first segment.</p> <p>Prothorax. Pronotum 1.68–2.13 mm long and 1.92–2.50 mm wide at the base in males, 1.62–2.22 mm long, and 1.92–2.53 mm wide in females; wider than long, widest posteriorly (Fig. 32). Dorsally convex (Fig. 31), sides slightly round, and gradually converging anteriad, anterior margin round, with weak anterior constriction, posterior margin bisinuate with midline lobe extending toward scutellum (Fig. 32). Integument with coarse broad punctures, carinate along dorsal midline. Dorsally mostly covered with erect or semierect, slender pale-brown scales interspaced with few pale or yellowish scales completely exposing integument (Fig. 32), laterally sides with dorsally oriented recumbent or semierect, pale, and pale-brown scales (Fig. 31). Prosternal canal with posterior margin of basisternum projecting over anterior margin of sternellum, covered by flat yellowish scales (Fig. 34a).</p> <p>Mesothorax. Mesonotum with few punctures covered with setae at anterolateral margin; mesoscutummesoscutellum transition with broad punctures covered with pectinate scales; axillary cord round (Fig. 39); scutellar shield oval, covered with erect pale scales. Elytra, in males, 2.59–3.45 mm long, 2.78–3.68 mm wide at anterior extremity, 1.34–1.51 times as wide, and 1.40–1.82 times as long as pronotum; in females, 2.72–3.64 mm long, 2.74–3.73 mm wide at anterior extremity, 1.22–1.72 times as wide and 1.39–1.80 times as long as pronotum; widest at anterior third, with sides slightly round, gradually converging from middle toward posterior extremity, truncate at posterior margin (Fig. 32). Humeral callus round and prominent, covered by yellowish scales. Disc almost flat or slightly arcuate, slightly depressed behind scutellar shield and along elytral suture, with elytral declivity behind prominence of interstria 5 (Figs. 31, 32). Striae and interstriae width subequal, interstriae 9 and 10 slightly wider at basal half, striae with deep rectangular punctures, interstria with shallow punctures, interstria 5 with prominence near elytral declivity (Fig. 31). Sparsely covered with slender yellowish scales intermixed by brown and few longer dark-brown scales, prominence on interstria 5 with tuft of long brown or dark-brown scales, each strial puncture with only one pale or brown scale, pale scales densely arranged along posterior ¼ of elytral suture, posterior margin densely covered with pale, pale-brown or reddish-brown scales (Fig. 32). Ventrally, elytral apex with transverse stripe of yellowish microtrichia (Fig. 37); left elytron mesal flange abruptly produced from base to apex (Fig. 37). Mesanepisternum covered with yellowish and pale-brown scales, basal inner angle with small glabrous triangular patch over less than third of area of mesanepisternum (Fig. 35). Mesepimeron densely covered with semierect yellowish scales, dorsally with patch of long scales overlapping elytra. Mesendosternite with dorsally projecting, well-sclerotized, curved arm (Fig. 40). Mesoventrite strongly excavated, forming mesoventral canal (Figs. 34a, b), laterally with two longitudinal carinae extending from anterior to posterior margin posteriorly meeting with metaventrite anterior carina (Fig. 34b), channel covered with pectinate yellowish scales. Outer side of each lateral carinae with patch of dense yellowish scales behind mesocoxae (Fig. 34b).</p> <p>Metathorax. Metanotum with few long setae at anterolateral margin; scutellar groove with well-developed median longitudinal crest, anteriorly with well-developed transverse bridge; metascutum with convex angular posteromedial margin (Fig. 41). Metathoracic wing with well-developed 3A, unsclerotized R3 forming white line, with well-developed rm and mst, C-shaped 2rs, elongated rectangular 1rs smaller than 2rs, the 1A 2 defined near wing margin extending dorsally and merging with A through a1-a2 (Fig. 43). Metanepisternum mostly with pale and brown scales; metanepisternal suture with round yellowish type III sclerolepidia (Fig. 33). Metendosternite with wide stalk, slender furcal arm, and well-developed hemiductus (Fig. 42). Metaventrite excavated beneath anterior margin to receive rostrum apex, with anterior carina connected to mesoventrite lateral carinae (Fig. 34b). Legs. Pro- and mesocoxae with inner tubercle. Ventrally, femora with longitudinal sulcus, slightly curved at apical third, both inner and outer apical margins with tiny tooth. All femora coarsely punctured; pro- and mesofemora mostly covered with densely arranged flat pale-brown scales interspaced with pale scales; metafemur with sparser darker scales at basal ¾ and paler scales at apical third (Fig. 36a). Tibia covered with pale and brown scales, apically with longitudinal yellowish setal comb near outer margin (Fig. 36a). Apex with large hook-like uncus, well-developed round inner flange almost as wide as long, and small premucro directed at 45° angle to longitudinal axis of tibia (Fig. 36b), with few long setae at each side of premucro and inner flange (Fig. 36b).</p> <p>Abdomen. Abdominal ventrite I with shallow anteromedial depression in males, shallower or flat in females, weakly ascending at posterior half. Ventrite II strongly angulate, sharply ascending at posterior ¾, with somewhat deep posteromedial concavity (Fig. 38), anteriorly bordered by pair of tubercles (Fig. 46). Ventrites III–V strongly ascending, III and IV subequal, more slender than II and V. Ventrite V subtrapezoid (Fig. 38). Ventrite I covered with yellowish and pale-brown scales, males with oval patch of densely arranged yellow scales in anteromedial depression (Fig. 46), primarily absent in females (Fig. 47). Tubercles covered with tuft of long pale scales, concavity densely covered with dark brown or reddish-brown scales (Fig. 38). Ventrites III and IV with central patch of brown or reddish-brown scales, and smaller patches of pale and brown scales on each side, with pale scales in tufts on sides (Fig. 38).</p> <p>Male terminalia (Figs. 48–52).Abdominal tergite VIII subrectangular, 1.2 times wider than long, slightly wider at basal half; sides emarginate at basal third, with small tooth projecting from outer margin near middle, slightly convex and gradually converging toward apex; apical margin slightly convex or almost flat, with sides round (Figs. 48, 49); sclerotized at apical third and along periphery, not sclerotized at basal ¾; apical third dorsally with broad punctures, densely covered by slender setae (Fig. 49). Sternite VIII composed of two separated subtriangular plates slightly arcuate apically, outer side of each plate slightly convex, and basal margin almost twice length of apex (Fig. 48); apical margin covered with long setae and few shorter setae. Sternite IX apically emarginate forming a V-shaped structure with short subequal arms; spiculum gastrale slender, weakly curved, 1.4 times length of penis body, slightly enlarged at base (Fig. 48). Penis body 2.1 times as long as wide; sides slightly arcuate, with weak lateral constriction at middle, then gradually converging toward apex, with preapical constriction producing short and truncate apical projection; two apical sclerites subtriangular elongate; endophallus almost as long as penis body, or slightly shorter, with lobular extremity; penis apodeme 1.4 times longer than body, slightly enlarged anteriorly (Figs. 50, 51). In lateral view, penis body arcuate and acuminate at apical end (Fig. 51). Tegmen parameroid lobes not sclerotized, connate at apical third, almost half length of tegminal apodeme (Fig. 52).</p> <p>Female terminalia (Figs. 53–57). Tergite VIII subtriangular, 1.1 times wider than long, wider at basal third, sides subparallel at basal third, then concave and converging toward apex; apical margin slightly convex or almost flat; sclerotized at posterior third and along periphery, weakly sclerotized at basal half (Figs. 53, 54); apical third covered with sparse slender setae dorsally, denser and longer toward apex margin (Fig. 54). Sternite VIII with Ushaped lobe, arms 0.7 times shorter than spiculum ventrale, slightly diverging toward apex, with lateral constriction in middle, apex wider with round margin covered with long setae, spiculum ventrale emarginate at base (Fig. 55). Gonocoxite elongate, about three times longer than wide, wider at basal ¾, weakly sclerotized and glabrous; stylus cylindrical, almost twice longer than wide, apex slightly narrow with few small setae (Fig. 53). Bursa copulatrix membranous, elongate, three times longer than wide, round and lobular after insertion of common oviduct (Fig. 56). Spermatheca well sclerotized, C-shaped, cornu as wide as collum, with spermathecal duct near common oviduct. Spermathecal gland membranous, elliptical, 1.5 times larger than spermatheca, and positioned near spermathecal duct insertion (Fig. 57).</p> <p>External sexual dimorphism. Weak sexual dimorphism is evidenced by differences in the rostrum and first abdominal ventrite. The male rostrum is weakly curved after antennal insertion (Fig. 44), almost straight, slightly more slender, and nearly glabrous after antennal insertion in females (Fig. 45). In males, ventrite I with anteromedial depression, including oval patch of yellowish scales (Fig. 46). In females, depression shallower or absent, usually lacking yellowish patch (Fig. 47).</p> <p>Remarks. The anteromedial depression on the first ventrite can be shallower in some males or extend toward the posterior margin, and the oval patch of yellowish scales is sometimes less distinct. Scale color may vary between individuals from a more yellowish or brownish general color to reddish-brown in some specimens. Metafemur scales vary from dark brown to pale or yellowish. The tooth on the lateral margin of the male tergite VIII is strongly produced or feeble. The male sternite VIII may vary from subtriangular to subtrapezoidal, and the apex of sternite IX from somewhat angular to curved. A few individuals also showed a slightly narrower apical projection of the aedeagus, with the two apical sclerites relatively longer. The specimens can be further differentiated from H. maragatensis by presenting a longer tuft of scales on interstria 5; by the lack of carina on metafemur (Fig. 35); the scales on pro- and mesofemur somewhat denser, mainly flat, or oval (sparser and slender scales in H. maragatensis); and the premucro is oriented 45° (Fig. 36b).</p> <p>Distribution. This species is widespread in Brazil (Fig. 1): S„o Paulo (Itirapina, Jundiaí, Itu, Botucatu, Itatinga, Águas de Santa Bárbara, Pratânia, and Bauru), Minas Gerais (Uberlândia, Congonhas, Diamantina, and Belo Horizonte), Mato Grosso (Chapada dos Guimar„es, Nova Xavantina, and Ribeir„o Cascalheira), Mato Grosso do Sul (Miranda and Aquidauana), Goiás (Chapad„o do Céu, Serranópolis, Caldas Novas, Jataí, Pirineus and Chapada dos Veadeiros), Distrito Federal (Brasília), Tocantins (Palmas, Rio do Sono and Aparecida do Rio Negro), Piauí (Piripiri and Cocal); Bolivia and Paraguay (Wibmer &amp; O’Brien 1986; Hespenheide 2018; Sanz-Veiga et al. 2021). Its occurrence in the French Guiana is uncertain (Hustache 1938).</p> <p>Biology. Larvae are predispersal seed predators on fruits of Tocoyena formosa (Rubiaceae), within which they develop by feeding on the pulp and seeds until it pupates, and from which the adults emerge at the end of the fruiting period (see details in Sanz-Veiga et al. 2017; 2021).</p> <p>Type data. This species was originally described by Hustache (1938) from a series of 10 specimens from Jataí in the state of Goiás, and from Diamantina, Belo Horizonte, in the state of Minas Gerais, in Brazil. In the original description its occurrence in French Guiana was pointed as uncertain by the author (Hustache 1938). Hespenheide (2018) first published dorsal and lateral images of a male syntype from Jataí located at the Deutsches Entomolologisches Institut, Senckenberg, M̧ncheberg, Germany (SDEI). The male (Figs. 58–60) is here designated as the lectotype of Hemicolpus abdominalis Hustache to stabilize the usage of this name. It is labeled (Fig. 61) “Jatahy Prov. Goyas, Brèsil ” [green label with fine black border] / “Coll: Kraatz” [white label] / “ Hemicolpus abdominalis [handwritten] HUSTACHE det.” [yellow label] / “Hustache det.” [white label] / “ Syntypus ” [red label] / “ LECTOTYPE ♁ Hemicolpus abdominalis Hustache by Sanz-Veiga, Savaris &amp; Leivas [red-bordered label added by us]; and “ Hemicolpus abdominalis Hustache det. Sanz-Veiga, Savaris &amp; Leivas IV 2022 ”. The lectotype is pin mounted and is in good conditions, and is deposited in the Deutsches Entomolologisches Institut, Senckenberg, M̧ncheberg, Germany.</p> <p>Specimens examined. BRAZIL. Goiás: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.865555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.284332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.865555/lat -18.284332)">Pirineus</a> [Parque Estadual da Serra dos Pirineus], GO [Goiás] 2.II.1962 J. Bechyné col., 2 specimens (MZUSP). Chapad „o do Céu, P.N. [Parque Nacional das Emas] EMAS, 15 Apr 2019, 18º17′3.6″S 52º51′56″W, 811 m, reared from fruit of Tocoyena formosa, P.A.S. Veiga col., 5 specimens (MELQ ESALQENT000603–607); same, 2 specimens (CESP); same, May 2019, 2 specimens (CESP). Chapada dos Veadeiros, 14°04′5.4″S 47°37′20.4″W, 1222 m, Jan 2019, on fruit of Tocoyena formosa, F.W. Amorim, A.P. Moraes cols., 5 specimens (MELQ ESALQENT000613–617); same, 2 specimens (CESP). Distrito Federal, Brasília, P. N. [Parque Nacional] de Brasília, 15°44′18.5″S 47°55′23.4″W, 1032 m, Jan 2019, reared from fruit of Tocoyena formosa, F.W.Amorim, A.P. Moraes cols., 5 specimens (MELQ ESALQENT000623–627). Mato Grosso: Chapada dos Guimarães, 15°24′43.7″S 55°50′15.4″W, 626 m, Mar 2019, reared from fruit of Tocoyena formosa, P.A.S. Veiga col., 5 specimens (MELQ ESALQENT000593–597). Nova Xavantina, Bacaba Park, 14°42′40.7″S 52°21′07.1″W, 304 m, Mar 2019, reared from fruit of Tocoyena formosa, P.A.S. Veiga col., 1 specimen (MELQ ESALQENT000631); same, May 2019, 1 specimen (CESP). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-55.83761&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.412139" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -55.83761/lat -15.412139)">Ribeirão Cascalheira</a>, 12°50′59.9″S 51°46′27.2″W, 343 m, Mar 2019, reared from fruit of Tocoyena formosa, P.A.S. Veiga col., 1 specimen (MELQ ESALQENT000632). Mato Grosso do Sul: Aquidauana, 20°27′50″S 55°46′25″W, 160 m, May 2020, reared from fruits of Tocoyena formosa, C. Aoki, col., 3 specimens (MELQ ESALQENT000628–630); Minas Gerais: Uberlândia, Caça e Pesca, May 2018, 18°59′43.61″S 48°18′18.43″W, 842 m, reared from fruit of Tocoyena formosa, P.A.S. Veiga col., 5 specimens (MELQ ESALQENT000583–587); same, May 2018, 4 specimens (CESP); same, Jun 2018, 2 specimens (CESP); São Paulo: Águas de Santa Bárbara, May 2018, 22°49′36.21″S 49°14′42.18″W, 621 m, reared from fruit of Tocoyena formosa, P.A.S Veiga, col., 4 specimens (CESP); same, 2 specimens (USNM). Jundiaí, SP [S„o <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-49.010735&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.338442" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -49.010735/lat -22.338442)">Paulo</a>] XI. 1961, W. Bokermann col., 2 specimens (MZUSP). Itatinga, May 2018, 23°02′48.93″S 48°34′45.76″W, 836 m, reared from fruit of Tocoyena formosa, P.A.S. Veiga col., 3 specimens (CESP); same, Jun 2018, 1 specimen (CESP); same, Jul 2018 (CESP). Itu, Faz. [Fazenda] Pau d´Alho, 1.XI.1961, U. Martins col., 1 specimen (MZUSP). Pratânia, Faz. [Fazenda] Palmeira Serra, 20 Apr 2017, 22°48′56.64″S 48°44′39.10″W, 722 m, reared from fruit of Tocoyena formosa, P.A.S. Veiga col., 5 specimens (MELQ ESALQENT000588–592); same, 2 specimens (CESP); same, May 2017, 2 specimens (CESP); same, May 2015, 2 specimens (CESP); same, May 2018, 1 specimen (CESP). Bauru, Jardim Botânico, 22°20′18.39″S 49°00′38.64″W, 547 m, 07 May 2018, reared from fruit of Tocoyena formosa, P.A.S. Veiga col., 5 specimens (MELQ ESALQENT000618–622); same, 2 specimens (CESP); same, Apr 2018, 2 specimens (CESP); same, Dec 2018, hand collected on flower of Tocoyena formosa, 1 specimen (CESP); same, Jan 2019, 1 specimen (CESP). Tocantins: Gererê, 10°25′25″S 48°16′38″W, 260 m, Jan 2019, reared from fruit of Tocoyena formosa, F.W. Amorim, A.P. Moraes cols., 5 specimens (MELQ ESALQENT000608–612); same, Jan 2019, 1 specimen (CESP). Lajeado, 10°05′37″S 48°14′39″W, 700 m, Jan 2019, on fruit of Tocoyena formosa, F.W. Amorim, A.P. Moraes cols., 5 specimens (MELQ ESALQENT000603–607). Palmas, 10°13′41″S 48°22′03″W, 273 m, Apr 2019, reared from fruit of Tocoyena formosa, P.A.S. Veiga col., 5 specimens (MELQ ESALQENT000598– 602); same, 1 specimen (CESP); same, May 2019, 1 specimen (CESP). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-47.62833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.923612" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -47.62833/lat -9.923612)">Rio do Sono</a>, 9º55′25″S 47º37′42″W, 310 m, May 2019, reared from fruit of Tocoyena formosa, P.A.S. Veiga col., 2 specimens (CESP); same, 2 specimens (USNM); same, Jun 2019, 2 specimens (CESP). Piauí: Cocal, 3º27′12″S 41º33′33″W, 130 m, 29 Jul 2022 reared from fruits of Tocoyena formosa, J. Siqueira col., 2 specimens (MELQ ESALQENT0001734–735).</p> <p>DNA Barcoding. Edited and aligned COI barcode region yielded fragments of 603 pb. Sequences of H. abdominalis and H. maragatensis were deposited at NCBI-GenBank database under the accession numbers: OP837054 –63 and OP837064 –73, respectively.The intraspecific genetic distance of COI barcode region ranged from 0.0017 to 0.021 (mean = 0.008, SD = 0.004) within H. abdominalis, and from 0.00 to 0.008 within H. maragatensis (mean = 0.003, SD = 0.002). The interspecific distance between the two species ranged from 0.165 to 0.187 (mean = 0.175, SD = 0.006), representing a genetic divergence of 17% between the two Hemicolpus species (Table 1).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/104C87ACFFB3187B36C4FA01FAC1E044	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sanz-Veiga, Priscila A.;Savaris, Marcoandre;Leivas, Fernando W. T.;Medeiros, Alexandre Da Silva;Amorim, Felipe W.	Sanz-Veiga, Priscila A., Savaris, Marcoandre, Leivas, Fernando W. T., Medeiros, Alexandre Da Silva, Amorim, Felipe W. (2023): A new seed-feeding species of Hemicolpus Heller, 1895 from south Brazil and redescription of Hemicolpus abdominalis Hustache, 1938 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Conoderinae). Zootaxa 5227 (3): 301-327, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5227.3.1
104C87ACFFA9187B36C4FC40FA24E530.text	104C87ACFFA9187B36C4FC40FA24E530.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hemicolpus Heller 1895	<div><p>Key to species of Hemicolpus</p> <p>1. Pronotal midline carina strongly humped or raised, almost as high as long; Brazil............ Hemicolpus heteromorphus</p> <p>- Pronotal midline carina not humped, or only slightly raised.................................................... 2</p> <p>2. Mesoventrite strongly excavated (Figs. 5a, b, 34a, b); second abdominal ventrite bearing a pair of tubercles (Figs. 19, 20, 46, 47)................................................................................................ 3</p> <p>- Mesoventrite flat (not-excavated); second abdominal ventrite without tubercles.................................... 4</p> <p>3. Inner glabrous triangular patch extending at maximum over a third of the area of the mesanepisternum (Fig. 35); metafemur not carinate (Fig. 36a); inner flange of the tibial apex almost as wide as long; premucro oriented 45° (Fig. 36b); penis with preapical constriction (Fig. 50); gonocoxite without unsclerotized stripe (Fig. 53); Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay...................................................................................................... Hemicolpus abdominalis</p> <p>- Inner glabrous triangular patch extending over almost half of the area of the mesanepisternum (Fig. 6); metafemur with carina at inner face (Fig.7a); inner flange of the tibial apex longer than wide; premucro oriented 90° (Fig. 7b); penis without preapical constriction (Fig. 23); gonocoxite with unsclerotized transverse stripe (Fig. 26); Brazil......... Hemicolpus maragatensis</p> <p>4. Body glabrous; elytral interstriae not raised; Brazil........................................... Hemicolpus cubicus</p> <p>- Body covered with scales; elytral interstriae raised.......................................................... 5</p> <p>5. Body scales longer and narrower; anterior margin of metaventrite carinate and strongly excavated beneath.............................................................................................. Hemicolpus costaricensis</p> <p>- Body scales shorter and broader; anterior margin of metaventrite not excavated.................................... 6</p> <p>6. Anterior margin of metaventrite strongly declivous with weak depression; pronotum with distinct callosities; elytral interstriae 3 and 9 raised for most of their length; interstriae 5 raised at base; El Salvador and Mexico........... Hemicolpus prenai</p> <p>- Anterior margin of metaventrite strongly declivous without depression; pronotum with faint callosities; elytral interstriae 3 and 9 raised at the erect white setae and slightly beyond; interstriae 5 raised for most of its length; El Salvador and Mexico........................................................................................ Hemicolpus randiae</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/104C87ACFFA9187B36C4FC40FA24E530	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sanz-Veiga, Priscila A.;Savaris, Marcoandre;Leivas, Fernando W. T.;Medeiros, Alexandre Da Silva;Amorim, Felipe W.	Sanz-Veiga, Priscila A., Savaris, Marcoandre, Leivas, Fernando W. T., Medeiros, Alexandre Da Silva, Amorim, Felipe W. (2023): A new seed-feeding species of Hemicolpus Heller, 1895 from south Brazil and redescription of Hemicolpus abdominalis Hustache, 1938 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Conoderinae). Zootaxa 5227 (3): 301-327, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5227.3.1
