taxonID	type	description	language	source
0C16146FFFD4FF98DE8DFE6AFF71FA3A.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — CHINA. Zhejiang: Lishui City, Jingning County, Dayang Lake Nature Reserve. 1405.34 m elev., 27 ° 52 ′ 11.43 ″ N, 119 ° 43 ′ 51 ′′ E, on bark of Nyssa sinensis Oliv., 3 December 2020, C. G. Zhao & L. L. Zhang 20200807 (Holotype in SDNU).	en	Chen, Pengfei, Liu, Linlin, Xie, Congmiao, Zhang, Lulu (2022): Four new species of Herpothallon (Arthoniaceae, Arthoniales, Arthoniomycetes, Ascomycota) from China. Phytotaxa 536 (1): 83-91, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.536.1.5
0C16146FFFD4FF98DE8DFE6AFF71FA3A.taxon	description	Description: — Thallus corticolous, up to 4 cm in diam., loosely appressed to the substrate, sometimes flaking off, minutely felty, dull, pale mineral grey to olivaceous green; in section up to 100 µm thick, with abundant calcium oxalate crystals throughout the thallus. Hypothallus whitish, byssoid, composed of 1 – 2 µm wide hyphae. Prothallus up to 1 mm broad, byssoid, composed of interwoven and radiating hyphae, whitish. Pseudisidia numerous, irregular, globose, unbranched, byssoid, with abundantly projecting hyphae, mostly white but sometimes green in parts, up to 0.4 × 0.2 mm. Photobiont Trentepohlia, single to aggregated, cells globose, 7 – 10 × 5 – 7 µm, yellowish green. Asci and pycnidia not seen. Chemistry and spot tests: — Thallus and prothallus K + yellow and then red, C –, P + yellow, I –. TLC: norstictic acid.	en	Chen, Pengfei, Liu, Linlin, Xie, Congmiao, Zhang, Lulu (2022): Four new species of Herpothallon (Arthoniaceae, Arthoniales, Arthoniomycetes, Ascomycota) from China. Phytotaxa 536 (1): 83-91, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.536.1.5
0C16146FFFD4FF98DE8DFE6AFF71FA3A.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The epithet “ capilliferum ” refers to the hair-like appearance of pseudisidia.	en	Chen, Pengfei, Liu, Linlin, Xie, Congmiao, Zhang, Lulu (2022): Four new species of Herpothallon (Arthoniaceae, Arthoniales, Arthoniomycetes, Ascomycota) from China. Phytotaxa 536 (1): 83-91, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.536.1.5
0C16146FFFD4FF98DE8DFE6AFF71FA3A.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology and distribution: — The new species was found growing on Nyssa sinensis Oliv., in Dayang Lake Nature Reserve of Zhejiang Province. Specimen examined: — CHINA. Zhejiang: Lishui City, Jingning County, Dayang Lake Nature Reserve. 1405.34 m elev., on bark of Nyssa sinensis Oliv., 3 December 2020, C. G. Zhao & L. L. Zhang 20200808, 20200809 (SDNU). Note: — This species is characterized by pseudisidia with many projecting hyphae and the presence of norstictic acid as a major secondary metabolite. Herpothallon coralloides Jagadeesh (2014: 40) is also pseudoisidiate and contains norstictic acid, but it has a pale green to whitish grey thallus that also contains confluentic acid and much larger pseudisidia (up to 1.0 × 0.1 mm) that are felty, but without projecting hyphae (Jagadeesh 2014). The morphologically most similar species is Crypthonia albida (Fée) Frisch & G. Thor (2010: 290) but C. albida contains psoromic acid and pseudisidia that are larger (up to 1.0 × 0.5 mm). Another morphologically similar species is H. minimum Aptroot & Lücking (2009: 53), it is the only known Herpothallon species that produces 2 ’ - O-methylperlatolic acid (Aptroot et al. 2009).	en	Chen, Pengfei, Liu, Linlin, Xie, Congmiao, Zhang, Lulu (2022): Four new species of Herpothallon (Arthoniaceae, Arthoniales, Arthoniomycetes, Ascomycota) from China. Phytotaxa 536 (1): 83-91, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.536.1.5
0C16146FFFD4FF9FDE8DFA56FD89FEEC.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — CHINA. Guangdong: Qingyuan City, Mangshan Forest Park. 1716 m elev., 24 ° 55 ′ 22.85 ″ N, 112 ° 59 ′ 35.67 ″ E, on bark of trees, 17 May 2019, L. S. Wang & X. Y. Wang 66649 (Holotype in KUN)	en	Chen, Pengfei, Liu, Linlin, Xie, Congmiao, Zhang, Lulu (2022): Four new species of Herpothallon (Arthoniaceae, Arthoniales, Arthoniomycetes, Ascomycota) from China. Phytotaxa 536 (1): 83-91, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.536.1.5
0C16146FFFD4FF9FDE8DFA56FD89FEEC.taxon	description	Description: — Thallus corticolous, up to 4 cm in diam., closely appressed to the substrate, firm and sometimes flaking off, minutely felty, dull, yellowish white to light yellow, in section up to 150 µm thick, with many calcium oxalate crystals in the thallus. Hypothallus byssoid, white, composed of 1 – 3 µm wide hyphae. Prothallus up to 1 mm broad, byssoid, composed of interwoven and radiating hyphae, whitish. Pseudisidia numerous, cylindrical, unbranched or sparsely branched, rather compact yet felty, of the same colour as thallus, up to 0.3 × 0.1 mm. Photobiont Trentepohlia, single or a few cells aggregated, cells globose, 6 – 10 × 5 – 8 µm, yellowish green. Asci and pycnidia not seen. Chemistry and spot tests: — Thallus K + yellow, C –, P + orange, I –. TLC: stictic acid.	en	Chen, Pengfei, Liu, Linlin, Xie, Congmiao, Zhang, Lulu (2022): Four new species of Herpothallon (Arthoniaceae, Arthoniales, Arthoniomycetes, Ascomycota) from China. Phytotaxa 536 (1): 83-91, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.536.1.5
0C16146FFFD4FF9FDE8DFA56FD89FEEC.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The epithet “ polyisidiatum ” refers to abundant pseudisidia.	en	Chen, Pengfei, Liu, Linlin, Xie, Congmiao, Zhang, Lulu (2022): Four new species of Herpothallon (Arthoniaceae, Arthoniales, Arthoniomycetes, Ascomycota) from China. Phytotaxa 536 (1): 83-91, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.536.1.5
0C16146FFFD4FF9FDE8DFA56FD89FEEC.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology and distribution: — The new species was found growing on bark of a tree in Mangshan Forest Park. Note: — This species can be distinguished by its compact pseudisidia and the presence of stictic acid as the only metabolite. Herpothallon sticticum Jagadeesh Ram & Sinha (2011: 314), H. isidiatum Jagadeesh Ram & Sinha (2009: 611) and H. elegans G. Thor (2009: 39) also contain stictic acid, but H. sticticum has a grey to pale yellow – grey thallus and dense, minutely felty, granular globular to short cylindrical 0.05 – 0.1 (– 0.25) × 0.05 – 0.1 (– 0.2) mm wide pseudisidia with projecting hyphae (Jagadeesh & Sinha 2011); H. isidiatum has a grey to whitish grey thallus and larger pseudisidia (0.08 – 0.15 × 0.5 – 1.5 mm) with dark brown to black pycnidia at the tips (Jagadeesh & Sinha 2009); H. elegans has a hypothallus with a red layer (partly absent) and with a smooth and black layer and dark red prothallus beneath that (Aptroot et al. 2009). This species can also be confused with Diorygma antillarum (Vain.) Nelsen, Lücking & Rivas Plata (2012: 318). In Diorygma, the hypothallus is compact, not byssoid, and pseudisidia are unknown with the exception of D. antillarum, which has a distinct carbonized hypothallus, but contains different substances from H. polyisidiatum (Nelsen et al. 2012).	en	Chen, Pengfei, Liu, Linlin, Xie, Congmiao, Zhang, Lulu (2022): Four new species of Herpothallon (Arthoniaceae, Arthoniales, Arthoniomycetes, Ascomycota) from China. Phytotaxa 536 (1): 83-91, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.536.1.5
0C16146FFFD3FF9FDE8DFE24FC2CFAB8.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — CHINA. Yunnan: Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Weixi County, Baimaluo. 2100 m elev., 27 ° 45 ’ 30.96 ” N, 99 ° 2 ’ 26.53 ” E, on bark of trees, 7 May 1982, L. S. Wang 82 – 76 (Holotype in KUN)	en	Chen, Pengfei, Liu, Linlin, Xie, Congmiao, Zhang, Lulu (2022): Four new species of Herpothallon (Arthoniaceae, Arthoniales, Arthoniomycetes, Ascomycota) from China. Phytotaxa 536 (1): 83-91, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.536.1.5
0C16146FFFD3FF9FDE8DFE24FC2CFAB8.taxon	description	Description: — Thallus corticolous, up to 5 cm in diam., tightly attached to the substrate, firm, or sometimes flaking off, minutely felty, dull, white to grey, with many calcium oxalate crystals. Hypothallus byssoid, white, composed of 1 – 2 µm wide hyphae. Prothallus up to 1 mm wide, white, byssoid, composed of interwoven and radiating hyphae. Pseudisidia numerous, of the same colour as the thallus, globular, up to 0.1 × 0.1 mm. Photobiont Trentepohlia, single or a few cells aggregated, cells globose, 5 – 10 × 4 – 8 µm, yellowish green. Asci and pycnidia not seen. Chemistry: — Thallus K –, C + bright red, P –, I – medulla. TLC: gyrophoric acid, lecanoric acid, umbilicaric acid.	en	Chen, Pengfei, Liu, Linlin, Xie, Congmiao, Zhang, Lulu (2022): Four new species of Herpothallon (Arthoniaceae, Arthoniales, Arthoniomycetes, Ascomycota) from China. Phytotaxa 536 (1): 83-91, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.536.1.5
0C16146FFFD3FF9FDE8DFE24FC2CFAB8.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The epithet “ subglobosum ” refers to globular pseudisidia.	en	Chen, Pengfei, Liu, Linlin, Xie, Congmiao, Zhang, Lulu (2022): Four new species of Herpothallon (Arthoniaceae, Arthoniales, Arthoniomycetes, Ascomycota) from China. Phytotaxa 536 (1): 83-91, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.536.1.5
0C16146FFFD3FF9FDE8DFE24FC2CFAB8.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology and distribution: — Herpothallon subglobosum was found growing on bark of trees in a subtropical forest of Yunnan Province. Note — This species is characterized by a tightly attached thallus, small globular pseudisidia and the presence of gyrophoric acid, lecanoric acid, umbilicaric acid. Other Herpothallon species with pseudisidia and gyrophoric acid include H. fertile Aptroot & Lücking (2009: 40), H. himalayanum Jagadeesh Ram & Sinha (2009: 40), H. japonicum (Zahlbr.) G. Thor (2009: 44), H. minutum Jagadeesh Ram (2014: 45), and H. philippinum (Vain.) Aptroot & Lücking (2009: 56). Herpothallon fertile is a Herpothallon species with asci and ascospores. Other characteristics also distinguish the new species from the non-fertile ones: H. himalayanum has a loosely appressed thallus, with a hypothallus that is mostly lemon yellow and the species has larger pseudisidia (up to 1 × 0.5 mm); H. japonicum has a more distinctly C + red thallus (gyrophoric acid, ovoic acid, lecanoric acid and 2 - O-methyllecanoric acid), cylindrical pseudisidia (up to 0.7 × 0.2 mm) and its thalli lack calcium oxalate (Aptroot et al. 2009); H. minutum has a greenish grey to greyish yellow thallus and dense, minute, granular globular to short cylindrical 0.02 – 0.06 mm wide pseudisidia (Jagadeesh Ram 2014); H. philippinum has frequent and large, slender pseudisidia.	en	Chen, Pengfei, Liu, Linlin, Xie, Congmiao, Zhang, Lulu (2022): Four new species of Herpothallon (Arthoniaceae, Arthoniales, Arthoniomycetes, Ascomycota) from China. Phytotaxa 536 (1): 83-91, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.536.1.5
0C16146FFFD3FF9EDE8DFAD8FD8BFE58.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — CHINA. Zhejiang: Lishui City, Jingning County, Baiyun Protection Station. 1298.73 m elev., 27 ° 43 ′ 11.07 ″ N, 119 ° 38 ′ 49.33 ″ E, on bark of Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook., 2 December 2020, C. G. Zhao & L. L. Zhang 20200806 (Holotype in SDNU)	en	Chen, Pengfei, Liu, Linlin, Xie, Congmiao, Zhang, Lulu (2022): Four new species of Herpothallon (Arthoniaceae, Arthoniales, Arthoniomycetes, Ascomycota) from China. Phytotaxa 536 (1): 83-91, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.536.1.5
0C16146FFFD3FF9EDE8DFAD8FD8BFE58.taxon	description	Description: — Thallus corticolous, up to 3 – 5 cm in diam., loosely appressed to the substrate, sometimes flaking off, minutely felty, dull, pale mineral greyish-green, in section up to 150 µm thick, with many calcium oxalate crystals in the thallus. Hypothallus byssoid, dirty whitish, composed of 1 – 3 µm wide hyphae. Prothallus up to 1 mm wide, byssoid, composed of interwoven and radiating hyphae, dirty white in inner and whitish to pale brown in outer parts. Pseudisidia numerous, cylindrical, branched, rather compact yet felty, of the same colour as thallus or often paler in the upper part, up to 0.2 × 0.1 mm. Photobiont Trentepohlia, single or a few cells aggregated, cells globose, 7 – 12 × 4 – 8 µm, yellowish green. Asci and pycnidia not seen. Chemistry and spot tests: — Thallus and prothallus K + yellow, C + red, P + pale yellow, I + blue in medulla. TLC: gyrophoric acid, lecanoric acid, umbilicaric acid and unknown substances.	en	Chen, Pengfei, Liu, Linlin, Xie, Congmiao, Zhang, Lulu (2022): Four new species of Herpothallon (Arthoniaceae, Arthoniales, Arthoniomycetes, Ascomycota) from China. Phytotaxa 536 (1): 83-91, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.536.1.5
0C16146FFFD3FF9EDE8DFAD8FD8BFE58.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The epithet “ viridi-isidiatum ” refers to the green colour of the pseudisidia.	en	Chen, Pengfei, Liu, Linlin, Xie, Congmiao, Zhang, Lulu (2022): Four new species of Herpothallon (Arthoniaceae, Arthoniales, Arthoniomycetes, Ascomycota) from China. Phytotaxa 536 (1): 83-91, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.536.1.5
0C16146FFFD3FF9EDE8DFAD8FD8BFE58.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology and distribution: — The new species was found growing on Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook., at Baiyun Protection Station. Specimen examined: — CHINA. Zhejiang: Lishui City, Jingning County, Baiyun Protection Station. 1298.73 m elev., on bark of Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook., 2 December 2020, C. G. Zhao & L. L. Zhang 20200810 (SDNU). Note: — This species is characterized by cylindrical pseudisidia with many hyphae on the surface and the presence of gyrophoric acid, lecanoric acid, umbilicaric acid. Although H. philippinum also has a C + red thallus and prothallus (gyrophoric acid, ± confluentic and / or lecanoric acids), it has felty pseudisidia with projecting hairs (up to 1.0 × 0.1 mm). Herpothallon echinatum Aptroot, Lücking & Will-Wolf (2009: 38) also has a loosely appressed thallus, but contains psoromic acid and lacks calcium oxalate (Aptroot et al. 2009). Another morphologically similar species is H. isidiatum, but the species is characterized by stictic acid and smaller pseudisidia with dark brown to black pycnidia at the tips (Jagadeesh & Sinha 2009).	en	Chen, Pengfei, Liu, Linlin, Xie, Congmiao, Zhang, Lulu (2022): Four new species of Herpothallon (Arthoniaceae, Arthoniales, Arthoniomycetes, Ascomycota) from China. Phytotaxa 536 (1): 83-91, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.536.1.5
