taxonID	type	description	language	source
8A288798FFCFE72E7EC3FF61FD3AC749.taxon	description	Figs. 9 – 14	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FFCFE72E7EC3FF61FD3AC749.taxon	type_taxon	Holotype: TCWC 10276. Etheridge 1959, Davis & Dixon 1961, Smith et al. 1964, Duellman 1965, Smith & Taylor 1966, Fitch et al. 1976, Smith & Smith 1976, Lieb 1981, Flores-Villela 1993, Flores-Villela & Gerez 1994, Lieb 1995, Lieb 2000, Pérez-Ramos et al. 2000, Poe 2004, Liner 2007, Fläschendräger & Wijffels 2009, Flores-Villela et al. 2010, Urbina-Cardona & Flores-Villela 2010, Wilson & Townsend 2010, Köhler et al. 2013 a, Wilson et al. 2013, Köhler et al. 2014	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FFCFE72E7EC3FF61FD3AC749.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: A small species of Anolis that differs from all other Mexican and Central American congeners by the combination of having (1) keeled ventral scales; (2) small middorsal scales (22 – 40 dorsal scales in one head length; 65 – 84 dorsal scales between levels of axilla and groin); (3) hind legs relatively short (fourth toe of adpressed hind leg reaching to ear opening or to a point between ear opening and eye; ratio of shank length / SVL 0.22 – 0.25); (4) flank scales usually somewhat heterogeneous with enlarged scales scattered among small flank scales; (5) postcloacal scales in males moderately to greatly enlarged or not enlarged at all; (6) male dewlap dull orange yellow with paler semicircular streaks and blotches (Fig. 9). Among the Anolis species treated in this contribution, A. microlepidotus is most similar to A. nebulosus from which it differs in male dewlap coloration (dull orange yellow with paler semicircular streaks and blotches in A. microlepidotus vs. uniform orange or orange with a white anterior margin in A. nebulosus) and smaller dorsal scales (number of dorsal scales in one head length 32 – 48, mean 41.2, in A. microlepidotus vs. 26 – 38, mean 30.0, in A. nebulosus).	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FFCFE72E7EC3FF61FD3AC749.taxon	description	Description. Anolis microlepidotus is a small anole (maximum recorded SVL 46.5 mm in males, 44.0 mm in females); dorsal head scales in internasal region rugose or keeled, in prefrontal, parietal, and frontal areas smooth or rugose; moderately deep prefrontal depression present, no parietal depression; 5 – 7 postrostrals; anterior nasal single, in contact with rostral and first supralabial; 5 – 8 internasals; canthal ridge sharply defined; scales comprising supraorbital semicircles well defined, posterior ones smooth, anterior ones with a rounded keel, largest scale in semicircles subequal or larger than largest supraocular scale; supraorbital semicircles usually broadly in contact, occasionally separated by one scale row; 0 – 3 scales separating supraorbital semicircles and interparietal at narrowest point; interparietal well defined, greatly enlarged relative to adjacent scales, surrounded by scales of moderate size, longer than wide, much larger than ear opening; enlarged supraoculars separated from supraorbital semicircles by a complete row of small scales, or these scales narrowly in contact; 1 – 2 scales between enlarged supraoculars and superciliaries; 2 – 3 elongate superciliaries, anterior one longest, followed posteriorly by a series of 4 – 7 small rounded or squarish scales; usually 3 enlarged canthals, the second canthal largest; 4 – 7 scales between second canthals; 6 – 10 scales between posterior canthals; loreal region slightly concave, 15 – 40 mostly keeled (some smooth or rugose) loreal scales in a maximum of 3 – 6 horizontal rows; 6 – 7 supralabials to level below center of eye; suboculars keeled, in broad contact with supralabials (2 – 3 suboculars in contact with 2 – 5 supralabials); ear opening vertically oval, oriented slightly obliquely; scales anterior to ear opening granular, about twice as large as those posterior to ear opening; 6 – 8 infralabials to level below center of eye; 4 – 7 (usually 4) postmentals, outer pair slightly to distinctly larger than adjacent median postmental scales; 0 – 2 (commonly 1 or 2) enlarged sublabials in contact with infralabials on each side; faintly keeled granular scales present on chin and throat; male dewlap of moderate to large size extending onto chest; 8 – 10 horizontal gorgetal-sternal rows with 8 – 14 scales per row; modal number of marginal pairs 2 – 4; female dewlap very small; a nuchal crest and a dorsal ridge present in males; scales on middorsum weakly to moderately keeled, subimbricate; 15 – 23 middorsal scale rows not enlarged, although slightly larger than laterals; usually a few enlarged scales scattered among granular laterals, or lateral scales more or less homogeneous; 65 – 84 dorsal scales along vertebral midline between levels of axilla and groin in males, 67 – 81 in females; 36 – 46 dorsal scales along vertebral midline contained in one head length in males, 32 – 48 in females; ventral scales on midsection about twice the size of largest dorsal scales; scales on midventer distinctly keeled, subimbricate, usually with rounded posterior margins, occasionally slightly mucronate; 45 – 64 ventral scales along midventral line between levels of axilla and groin in males, 47 – 53 in females; 28 – 38 ventral scales contained in one head length in males, 24 – 36 in females; 112 – 134 scales around midbody in males, 112 – 130 in females; tube-like axillary pocket absent; precloacal scales smooth or weakly keeled; males with or without two moderately to greatly enlarged postcloacal scales; tail moderately compressed in cross section, tail height / tail width 1.10 – 1.73 in males, 1.20 – 1.50 in females; all caudal scales strongly keeled and mucronate; lateral caudal scales, homogeneous although an indistinct division in segments is discernible; dorsal medial caudal scale row not enlarged; scales on dorsal surface of antebrachium strongly keeled, unicarinate, subimbricate to imbricate, mucronate; 17 – 20 subdigital lamellae on Phalanges II – IV of Toe IV of hind limbs; 5 – 7 subdigital lamellae on distal phalanx of Toe IV of hind limbs; digital pads dilated, about twice the size of distal phalanx. In all specimens examined, the longest toe of the adpressed hind leg reaches to level of tympanum or to a point between shoulder and tympanum. For variation in selected scalation and morphometric characters see Table 7. The coloration in life of an adult male from near Chilpancingo (SMF 96213) was recorded as follows: Dorsal ground color Cinnamon Drab (50) with an Army Brown (46) interorbital bar and with Burnt Umber (48) spots in vertebral region of anterior body; hind limbs with Olive Brown (278) bands; tail with Tawny (60) bands; subocular region Pale Buff (1); ventral surface of body Light Buff (2); ventral surface of limbs and tail Drab (19); dewlap Pratt´s Rufous (72) with light Orange Yellow (77) bands and blotches; iris Vandyke Brown (282). The coloration in life of another adult male from near Chilpancingo (SMF 96214) was recorded as follows: Dorsal ground color Drab-Gray (256) grading mid-dorsally into Light Neutral Gray (297) and with Dark Grayish Brown (284) spots on anterior middorsum; interorbital bar and lateral stripe Glaucous (289); ventral surface of head Pale Buff (1); ventral surface of body, limbs, and tail Light Buff (2) with Drab (19) mottling; dewlap Mars Brown (25) with Clay Color (20) bars and blotches and with Cream White (52) gorgetals. The coloration in life of an adult male from 8 km west Izúcar de Matamoros (SMF 96383) was recorded as follows: Dorsal ground color Tawny Olive (17) with a Pale Pinkish Buff (3) vertebral region that contains Grayish Olive (274) chevrons; ventral surfaces of body, limbs and tail Pale Pinkish Buff (3); dewlap Burnt Orange (10) with Orange Yellow (8) streaks and blotches; iris Warm Sepia (40). The coloration in life of another adult male from 8 km west Izúcar de Matamoros (SMF 96716) was recorded as follows: Dorsal surface of body Drab (19) with Cream Color (12) vertebral line grading into Chestnut (30) on tail and edged on dorsum by an inner line of Light Yellow Ocher (13) and by an outer line of Raw Umber (23); dorsal surfaces of head Tawny Olive (17) with Clay Color (18) interorbital bar; ventral surfaces of body, limbs, and tail Pale Horn Color (11); chin Pale Buff (1); dewlap Burnt Orange (10) with Light Buff (2) gorgetals; iris Sayal Brown (41). The coloration in life of an adult female from 8 km west Izúcar de Matamoros (SMF 96715) was recorded as follows: Dorsal ground color Chamois (84) with Pale Buff (1) vertebral and lateral line and with Grayish Horn Color (268) dots in vertebral region; dorsal surface of head Medium Fawn Color (257) with Amber (51) interorbital bar; dorsal surface of limbs Pale Cinnamon (55) with Olive-Brown (278) bars; ventral surfaces of body, limbs and tail Cream White (52) grading into Straw Yellow (53) towards tip of tail; dewlap Flame Scarlet (73) with suffusions of Medium Chrome Orange (75); iris Cinnamon (21). The incompletely everted hemipenis of SMF 96384 (Fig 14) is a moderate-sized, bilobate organ; sulcus spermaticus bordered by well developed sulcal lips; an asulcate ridge present; apex strongly calyculate, truncus and asulcate ridge with transverse folds.	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FFCFE72E7EC3FF61FD3AC749.taxon	distribution	Geographic Distribution and Conservation. As currently known, Anolis microlepidotus occurs at intermediate elevations (1245 – 1900 masl) from the Chilpancingo region northwest to about the city of Izúcar de Matamoros (Fig. 15). Given its small geographic range, degraded habitat, and threat from deforestation, we consider the conservation status of Anolis microlepidotus as Critically Endangered based on criterion B 1 ab (iii) of the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN 2012).	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FFCFE72E7EC3FF61FD3AC749.taxon	biology_ecology	Natural History Notes: Anolis microlepidotus seems to be quite adaptable with regard to the tolerated habitats. We found this species both in very dry situations such as in a open dry forest between the cities of Chilpancingo and El Zumpango del Río, in more mesic forest edge situations in Petaquillas near Chilpancingo, and within the sparse vegetation on a massive wall at the edge of a small village just a few kilometers west of Chilpancingo on the road to Omiltemi. All specimens collected by us were found at night while the lizards were sleeping on low vegetation 0.5 to 3.0 m above the ground.	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FFCFE72E7EC3FF61FD3AC749.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined ¾ Mexico: Guerrero: Amojileca, near Chilpancingo, 1550 m: SMF 96213; between Chilpancingo and Zumpango del Río, 1385 m: SMF 93844; Chilpancingo, 1260 m: MCZ R- 33696 – 97; 4 mi W Chilpancingo: TCWC 10009; Petaquillas, near Chilpancingo, 1245 m: IBH 26572 – 73, SMF 96214; Omiltemi: 1900 m, UTA R- 4513; 2.5 mi S Almolonga: MCZ R – 78727, TCWC 10276, 11395, 11397; 2 km E Tixtla, 1360 m: KU 105703; 1 – 3 km al E de la Escalera, 1558 m: IBH 6438; 0.5 – 1.0 km al W de Ixcateopan, 1390 m: IBH 6451. Puebla: 8 km E Izúcar de Matamoros, 1350 m: UIMNH 35553, SMF 96715 – 17; San Juan Epatlan, 1373 m: SMF 96382 – 84; 4.8 km W Teotlalco, 1128 m: IBH 23613.	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FFE0E71F7EC3FF61FCC8C141.taxon	description	Figs. 20 – 25	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FFE0E71F7EC3FF61FCC8C141.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. SMF 96404, an adult male from Cascada Iliatenco (17.06753 ° N, 98.77796 ° W, WGS 84), 1185 m, Estado de Guerrero, Mexico; collected 12 January 2013 by Raúl Gómez Trejo Pérez. Field tag number GK- 4260. Paratypes. All from Estado de Guerrero, Mexico: GK- 4252 – 53, 4256 (IBH uncatalogued), SMF 96403, 96405 – 07, same collecting data as holotype. SMF 96397 – 99 from Iliatenco (17.05023 ° N, 98.68941 ° W), 1120 m. All paratypes are males, except for SMF 96407, which is a female. All paratypes collected by Raúl Gómez Trejo Pérez on 12 and 13 January 2013. Referred specimens ⎯ Mexico: Guerrero: Cascada de Santa Cruz el Rincón, 620 m: SMF 96389; Río la Tejería, near Sta. Cruz El Rincón, 580 m: SMF 96390 - 94; Santa Cruz el Rincón, 705 m: SMF 96395 - 96.	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FFE0E71F7EC3FF61FCC8C141.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A small species (our Species B of the A. nebuloides complex, see above; SVL in largest male 50.0 mm, largest female 38.5 mm) of the genus Anolis (sensu Poe 2004) that differs from all Mexican and Central American anoles except A. nebuloides, A. megapholidotus, and two species described below (our Species D and E of the A. nebuloides complex) by having a combination of (1) strongly keeled ventral scales; (2) usually a patch of three greatly enlarged supraocular scales; (3) 10 – 12 rows of greatly enlarged dorsal scales that are larger than ventral scales; (4) short hind legs, longest toe of adpressed hind leg usually reaching to posterior margin of eye, occasionally to a point between levels of ear opening and eye or to mideye (to ear opening in a single female), ratio of shank length / SVL 0.24 – 0.28; (5) circumnasal usually in contact with first supralabial; and (6) a large pink dewlap in males and a very small pink dewlap in females (Fig. 20). Anolis nietoi differs from Species D and E of the A. nebuloides complex by having (1) a rather abrupt transition between the enlarged dorsal scales and lateral body scales (vs. a more gradual transition over 3 to 4 scales); (2) the edges of the field of enlarged dorsal scale rows well defined and in a more or less straight line (vs. the edges of this field forming an undulating line due to single enlarged scales or groups thereof outside the main field) (3) and by having a more reddish male dewlap (vs. pink). Anolis nietoi differs from A. nebuloides and A. megapholidotus in the ranges and average values of several morphometric and pholidotic characters (see Table 8), most obvious in (1) number of middorsal scales in one head length; and (2) number of subdigital lamellae on Phalanges II – IV of Toe IV. Also, the incompletely everted hemipenis of the A. nietoi holotype appears to be unilobed (vs. bilobed in A. nebuloides and Species E of the A. nebuloides complex; the hemipenis morphology in A. megapholidotus is unknown).	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FFE0E71F7EC3FF61FCC8C141.taxon	description	Description of the holotype. Adult male, as indicated by everted hemipenes and presence of large dewlap; SVL 50.0 mm; tail incomplete; tail moderately compressed in cross section, tail height 2.7 mm and width 1.8 mm; axilla to groin distance 20.9 mm; head length 13.4 mm, head length / SVL ratio 0.27; snout length 5.8 mm; head width 7.6 mm; longest toe of adpressed hind limb reaching to a point between ear opening and eye; shank length 12.5 mm, shank length / head length ratio 0.93; longest finger of extended forelimb reaching to a point between eye and nostril; longest finger of adpressed forelimb reaching to a point 1.8 mm in front of anterior insertion of hind limbs. Scales on snout keeled, unicarinate; posterior head scales rugose or keeled; 6 postrostrals; 7 scales between nasals; 1 elongate prenasal scale on each side, in contact with both rostral and first supralabial; circumnasal in contact with first supralabial; scales in shallow prefrontal depression mostly keeled, keels mostly oriented longitudinally; supraorbital semicircles well developed, separated medially by one scale row at narrowest point; supraorbital disc composed of an oval patch of 3 greatly enlarged, weakly keeled scales; circumorbital row complete, therefore, enlarged supraorbital scales completely separated from supraorbital semicircles; 3 elongated, strongly overlapping superciliaries, anterior one larger than posterior ones, followed posteriorly by 3 to 4 roundish to squarish scales of moderate size; 2 to 3 rows of small smooth scales extending between enlarged supraorbitals and superciliaries; parietal depression shallow; interparietal scale well developed, 1.6 x 1.6 mm (length x width), surrounded by scales of moderate size; 2 scales present between interparietal and supraorbital semicircles; canthal ridge distinct, composed of 3 large (second largest) and 3 small anterior canthal scales; 6 scales present between second canthals; 7 scales present between posterior canthals; 25 (right) – 29 (left) mostly keeled loreal scales in a maximum of 5 horizontal rows; 4 keeled subocular scales arranged in a single row; 6 supralabials to level below center of eye; 3 suboculars broadly in contact with 3 supralabials; ear opening 0.5 x 1.6 mm (length x height); mental distinctly wider than long, completely divided medially, bordered posteriorly by 5 postmentals, outer ones slightly larger than median ones; 6 infralabials to level below center of eye; sublabials not differentiated; keeled granular scales present on chin and throat; dewlap large, extending from level beyond anterior margin of eye to level of chest; 8 – 9 horizontal gorgetal-sternal rows with 9 – 14 scales per row; modal number of marginal pairs 2 – 4; a nuchal crest and a dorsal ridge present; dorsum of body with strongly keeled, imbricate, non-mucronate scales; about 12 medial rows greatly enlarged; largest dorsal scales about 0.80 x 0.80 mm (length x width); about 18 medial dorsal scales in one head length; about 33 medial dorsal scales between levels of axilla and groin; lateral scales smooth, granular and more or less homogeneous in size, average size 0.30 mm in diameter; ventrals at midbody strongly keeled, imbricate, mucronate, about 0.70 x 0.65 mm (length x width); about 30 medial ventral scales in one head length; about 37 medial ventral scales between levels of axilla and groin; 96 scales around midbody; all caudal scales keeled; middorsal caudal scales moderately enlarged, not forming a crest; lateral caudal scales without whorls of enlarged scales, although an indistinct division in segments is discernible; a pair of moderately enlarged postcloacal scales present, about 0.7 mm wide; no tube-like axillary pocket present; scales on dorsal surface of forelimb weakly keeled; digital pads dilated, dilated pad about 3 times width of non-dilated distal phalanx; distal phalanx narrower than and raised from dilated pad; 21 (right) – 22 (left) lamellae under phalanges II – IV of fourth toe; 7 scales under distal phalanx of fourth toe. The incompletely everted hemipenis appears to be a small unilobate organ, possibly with rudimentary lobes. Coloration after six months preservation in 70 % ethanol was recorded as follows: Dorsal surfaces of head, body, limbs, and tail Drab (19) with a suffusion of Dark Neutral Gray (299) at middorsum and with an indistinct Dark Neutral Gray (299) lateral longitudinal stripe between levels of axilla and groin; ventral surfaces of head, body, limbs, and tail Cream White (52); finger and toe pads Vandyke Brown (282); dewlap Flesh Color (249). Variation. The paratypes agree well with the holotype in general appearance, morphometrics and scalation (see Table 8). Variation is evident in some scalation characters as follows: The number of slightly to moderately enlarged dorsal scale rows varies from 10 to 13. All specimens have a single elongate prenasal. Suboculars in contact with supralabials (2 – 3 suboculars in contact with 2 – 5 supralabials) in all specimens examined. The longest toe of adpressed hind leg reaching to a point between posterior and anterior border of eye in most individuals except in two specimens (SMF 96389 – 90) that have the longest toe of adpressed hind leg reaching to a point between ear opening and eye. Usually males have a pair of greatly enlarged postcloacal scales, no enlarged postcloacals in one male specimen (SMF 96396). The coloration in life of an adult male (SMF 96397) was recorded as follows: Dorsal surface of body Antique Brown (24) with suffusions of Marsh Brown (25); lateral ground color Tawny Olive (17); dorsal surface of head Raw Umber (23); ventral surface of body Cream Color (12); ventral surface of legs Verona Brown (37); chin with Medium Neutral Gray (298) and Pink (242) speckles; dewlap Vinaceous Color (244) and Cream White (52) gorgetals; iris Raw Umber (22). The coloration in life of another adult male (IBH 27050) was recorded as follows: Dorsal ground color Amber (51) grading into Cinnamon Drab (50) towards tail with Russet (44) chevrons, Cream Color (12) lateral spots and Light Buff (2) lateral line; coloration between lateral line and venter Drab (19); ventral surface of body Cream Color (12); ventral surface of limbs Drab (19); ventral surface of tail Clay Color (18); dewlap Vinaceous (244); iris Cinnamon (255). The coloration in life of another adult male (IBH 27051) was recorded as follows: Dorsal ground color Cinnamon (255) with Medium Neutral Gray (298) vertebral line, barely visible Antique Brown (24) chevrons and a Light Buff (2) lateral line that is edged by Vinaceous (244); ventral surface of body Chamois (84) with Salmon Color (83) suffusions; ventral surface of limbs Prout’s Brown (47); dewlap Spinel Pink (253); iris Olive Yellow (117). The coloration in life of another adult male (SMF 46406) was recorded as follows: Dorsal ground color Grayish Horn Color (268) with suffusions of Light Neutral Gray (297) and a Cream White (52) lateral stripe edged by Flesh Ocher (57); interorbital bar Verona Brown (37); dorsal surface of limbs and tail Tawny (60); ventral surface of body Pale Buff (1); ventral surface of limbs Clay Color (18); dewlap Pinkish Rose (220); iris Ground Cinnamon (270). The coloration in life of an adult female of Anolis nietoi (SMF 96397) was recorded as follows: Dorsal ground color of body and tail Verona Brown (37) with Dusky Brown (258) Chevrons, lateral stripe and reticulations in head; tail with Cream White (12) chevrons; Ventral surface of body Pale Buff (1) with suffusions of Pink (242); ventral surface of tail and legs Light Russet Vinaceous (246); dewlap Vinaceous (244); iris Sayal Brown (41). The coloration in life of another adult female (SMF 96407) was recorded as follows: Dorsal ground color Drab (119) with Dark Neutral Gray (299) and Olive Brown (278) diamonds that are edged by Micado Brown (42) and Burnt Umber (48); dorsal surface of limbs and tail Russet (44); ventral surface of body Pale Pinkish Buff (3); ventral surface of limbs and tail Antique Brown (24); dewlap Pale Pinkish Purple (223); iris Clay Color (18).	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FFE0E71F7EC3FF61FCC8C141.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name nietoi is a patronym honoring Adrián Nieto Montes de Oca who has contributed substantially to our knowledge on Mexican anoles. Natural History Notes. All Anolis nietoi from Iliatenco where encountered during the day along a river shore. They were active and near the base of coffee trees, banana palms, and small shrubs. Anolis nietoi from Río Tejería where found at night while they were sleeping on big leaves hanging over the river at 100 – 150 cm above ground level. Geographic Distribution and Conservation. As currently known, Anolis nietoi is restricted to the Pacific versant of the Sierra Madre del Sur in the southeastern portion of the Mexican State of Guerrero at elevations between 580 and 1185 masl (Fig. 40). Given its presumably small geographic range, degraded habitat, and threat from deforestation it seems justified to classify A. nietoi as Critically Endangered based on criterion B 1 ab (iii) of the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN 2012).	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FFE7E7177EC3FF61FCC8C2E7.taxon	description	Figs. 26 – 31	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FFE7E7177EC3FF61FCC8C2E7.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. SMF 96232, an adult male from about 15.8 airline km NNW San Gabriel Mixtepec on road to El Vidrio (16.2205 ° N, 97.14883 ° W), 1900 m, Estado de Oaxaca, Mexico; collected 16 November 2012 by Gunther Köhler and Raúl Gómez Trejo Pérez. Field tag number GK- 4130. Paratypes. All from Estado de Oaxaca, Mexico: IBH 26523, SMF 96244 – 45 from Rancho El Sagrado, near San Gabriel Mixtepec (16.08914 ° N, 97.06263 ° W), 630 m; IBH 26581, 26584, SMF 96243 from near San Gabriel Mixtepec (16.08108 ° N, 97.08115 ° W), 755 m; IBH 26517, SMF 96242 from about 6.5 airline km N San Gabriel Mixtepec on road to El Vidrio (16.15547 ° N, 97.08112 ° W), 1030 m; KU 87316 – 24 from 12 km NNW San Gabriel Mixtepec, 1040 m; SMF 96745 – 46 from about 10.9 airline km NNW San Gabriel Mixtepec on road to El Vidrio (16.19286 ° N, 97.09767 ° W), 1326 m; SMF 96739 – 41 from about 11.1 airline km NNW San Gabriel Mixtepec on road to El Vidrio (16.19212 ° N, 97.10509 ° W), 1382 m; IBH 26511, SMF 96236, 96428 from about 11.3 airline km NNW San Gabriel Mixtepec on road to El Vidrio (16.19280 ° N, 97.10821 ° W), 1400 m; KU 137714 from 31.2 km N San Gabriel Mixtepec, 1480 m; SMF 96742 – 44 from about 11.6 airline km NNW San Gabriel Mixtepec on road to El Vidrio (16.19483 ° N, 97.11397 ° W), 1481 m; KU 101115, 101119, MCZ R- 92965 – 76 from 30 km N San Gabriel Mixtepec, 1530 m; SMF 96736 – 38 from about 11.3 airline km NNW San Gabriel Mixtepec on road to El Vidrio (16.18964 ° N, 97.11994 ° W), 1587 m; IBH 26509, SMF 96235 from about 11.5 airline km NNW San Gabriel Mixtepec on road to El Vidrio (16.19083 ° N, 97.12045 ° W), 1600 m; KU 137715 from 34.3 km N San Gabriel Mixtepec, 1600 m; KU 101124 from 33 km N San Gabriel Mixtepec, 1675 m; KU 137716 from 35.9 km N San Gabriel Mixtepec, 1680 m; SMF 96731 – 33 from about 12.8 airline km NNW San Gabriel Mixtepec on road to El Vidrio (16.20120 ° N, 97.12538 ° W), 1698 m; IBH 26512, SMF 96237 from about 12.9 airline km NNW San Gabriel Mixtepec on road to El Vidrio (16.20245 ° N, 97.12621 ° W), 1700 m; IBH 26608 from about 13.9 airline km NNW San Gabriel Mixtepec on road to El Vidrio (16.20843 ° N, 97.13646 ° W), 1750 m; IBH 26518 from about 14.2 airline km NNW San Gabriel Mixtepec on road to El Vidrio (16.20946 ° N, 97.13947 ° W), 1800 m; SMF 96728 – 30 from about 14.3 airline km NNW San Gabriel Mixtepec on road to El Vidrio (16.21085 ° N, 97.13647 ° W), 1803 m; KU 101125 from 37 km N San Gabriel Mixtepec, 1860 m; SMF 96234 from about 14.8 airline km NNW San Gabriel Mixtepec on road to El Vidrio (16.21621 ° N, 97.13947 ° W), 1870 m; SMF 96233 from about 15.8 airline km NNW San Gabriel Mixtepec on road to El Vidrio (16.21736 ° N, 97.14757 ° W), 1920 m; SMF 96726 – 27, 96734 – 35 from about 15.9 airline km NNW San Gabriel Mixtepec on road to El Vidrio (16.21813 ° N, 97.14731 ° W), 1925 m; SMF 96231 from about 16.7 airline km NNW San Gabriel Mixtepec on road to El Vidrio (16.22822 ° N, 97.15132 ° W), 1980 m; IBH 26511, SMF 96231, 96233 – 35 are males, IBH 26509, 26512, 26518, 26608, SMF 96236 – 37 are females, IBH 26517, 26581, 26584, SMF 96242 – 43 are juveniles. All IBH and SMF paratypes collected by Gunther Köhler and Raúl Gómez Trejo Pérez. All MCZ paratypes collected by William E. Duellman and John D. Lynch. Referred specimens ⎯ Mexico: Oaxaca: Soledad: KU 38260; 29 km SSE San Pedro Juchatengo, 1980 m: KU 87338 - 40; 17.2 km N San Pedro Mixtepec, 710 m: KU 137692; 18.1 km N San Pedro Mixtepec, 720 m: KU 137693 – 94; 20 mi N (on road) Puerto Escondido, 525 m: UMMZ 130954; 4.8 mi SW Sola de Vega, 2040 m: UTA R- 4290 – 91; 4.8 miles (7.7 km) S Sola de Vega, 1774 m: UTA R- 51719; 23.0 km SW San Pedro Juchatengo, Sierra Madre del Sur, along Hwy 131, 1575 m: UTA R- 51710; 20 mi (on Hwy 131) SW San Pedro Juchatengo: MCZ R- 100379; 4.7 km NE Sola de Vega, 1534 m: UTA R- 51717 – 18; 18 km S Sola de Vega on MEX Hwy. 131, 1937 m: MVZ 144180.	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FFE7E7177EC3FF61FCC8C2E7.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A small species (our Species D of the A. nebuloides complex, see above; SVL in largest male 50.0 mm, largest female 50.5 mm) of the genus Anolis (sensu Poe 2004) that differs from all Mexican and Central American anoles except A. nebuloides, A. nietoi, A. megapholidotus and a species we are describing below (our Species E of the A. nebuloides complex) by having a combination of (1) strongly keeled ventral scales; (2) usually a patch of three greatly enlarged supraocular scales; (3) 10 – 12 rows of greatly enlarged dorsal scales that are larger than ventral scales; (4) short hind legs, longest toe of adpressed hind leg usually reaching to posterior margin of eye, occasionally to a point between levels of ear opening and eye or to mideye (to ear opening in single female), ratio shank length / SVL 0.90 – 1.07; (5) circumnasal usually in contact with first supralabial; and (6) a large pink dewlap in males and a very small pink dewlap in females (Fig. 26). In external morphology, A. stevepoei is most similar to A. nebuloides, A. nietoi, A. megapholidotus and a species we are describing below (our Species E of the A. nebuloides complex). Anolis stevepoei differs from A. nebuloides, A. nietoi, and A. megapholidotus by having (1) a rather gradual transition over 3 to 4 scales between the enlarged dorsal scales and the lateral body scales (vs. a more abrupt transition over only 1 or 2 scales); (2) the edges of the field of enlarged dorsal scale rows forming an undulating line due to single enlarged scales or groups thereof outside the main field (vs. the edges of this field well defined and in a more or less straight line) (3) and by having a pink to purple male dewlap (vs. more reddish). Anolis stevepoei differs from Species E in hemipenial morphology (lobes rudimentary with a single apical field void of ornamentation, and with a flap-like structure at tip of apex in A. stevepoei vs. lobes well developed with two apical fields void of ornamentation — one on each lobe, and without a flap-like structure at tip of apex in Species E) and in the average values of several morphometric and pholidotic characters, most obvious in (1) number of midventral scales in one head length; (2) dorsal scales between levels of axilla and groin; and (3) subdigital lamellae on Phalanges II – IV of Toe IV (see Table 8).	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FFE7E7177EC3FF61FCC8C2E7.taxon	description	Description of the holotype. Adult male, as indicated by everted hemipenes and presence of large dewlap; SVL 50.0 mm; tail incomplete; tail moderately compressed in cross section, tail height 2.5 mm and width 1.8 mm; axilla to groin distance 20.1 mm; head length 13.6 mm, head length / SVL ratio 0.27; snout length 5.9 mm; head width 8.4 mm; longest toe of adpressed hind limb reaching to mideye; shank length 13.9 mm, shank length / head length ratio 1.02; longest finger of extended forelimb reaching to nostril; longest finger of adpressed forelimb reaching to anterior insertion of hind limbs. Scales on snout keeled, unicarinate; posterior head scales mostly rugose or keeled, some smooth; 5 postrostrals; 6 scales between nasals; 1 elongate prenasal scale on each side, partly fused with circumnasal, in contact with both rostral and first supralabial; circumnasal separated from supralabial by one scale row; scales in deep prefrontal depression mostly keeled, keels mostly oriented longitudinally; supraorbital semicircles well developed, separated medially by one scale row at narrowest point; supraorbital disc composed of an oval patch of 3 greatly enlarged, keeled scales; circumorbital row complete, therefore, enlarged supraorbital scales completely separated from supraorbital semicircles; 3 elongated, strongly overlapping superciliaries, anteriormost one larger than posteriormost one, followed posteriorly by 3 to 4 roundish to squarish scales of moderate size; 1 to 3 rows of small smooth scales extending between enlarged supraorbitals and superciliaries; parietal depression shallow; interparietal scale well developed, 2.2 x 1.9 mm (length x width), surrounded by scales of moderate size; 2 scales present between interparietal and supraorbital semicircles; canthal ridge distinct, composed of 3 large (second largest) and 3 small anterior canthal scales; 6 scales present between second canthals; 6 scales present between posterior canthals; 27 (right) – 27 (left) mostly keeled loreal scales in a maximum of 6 (right) – 5 (left) horizontal rows; 2 very elongate keeled subocular scales arranged in a single row; 6 supralabials to level below center of eye; 3 suboculars broadly in contact with 3 supralabials; ear opening 0.8 x 1.6 mm (length x height); mental distinctly wider than long, completely divided medially, bordered posteriorly by 4 postmentals, outer ones slightly larger than median ones; 6 infralabials to level below center of eye; sublabials not differentiated; keeled granular scales present on chin and throat; dewlap large, extending from level beyond anterior margin of eye to level of chest; 8 – 10 horizontal gorgetal-sternal rows with 9 – 16 scales per row; modal number of marginal pairs 2 – 4; a nuchal crest and a dorsal ridge present; dorsum of body with strongly keeled, imbricate, non-mucronate scales; 10 to 14 medial rows greatly enlarged; largest dorsal scales about 0.75 x 0.65 mm (length x width); about 20 medial dorsal scales in one head length; about 34 medial dorsal scales between levels of axilla and groin; lateral scales smooth, granular and more or less homogeneous in size, average size 0.20 mm in diameter; ventrals at midbody strongly keeled, imbricate, mucronate, about 0.55 x 0.55 mm (length x width); about 32 medial ventral scales in one head length; about 45 medial ventral scales between levels of axilla and groin; 112 scales around midbody; all caudal scales keeled; middorsal caudal scales moderately enlarged, not forming a crest; lateral caudal scales without whorls of enlarged scales, although an indistinct division in segments is discernible; a pair of greatly enlarged postcloacal scales present, about 0.7 mm wide; no tube-like axillary pocket present; scales on dorsal surface of forelimb weakly keeled; digital pads dilated, dilated pad about 3 times width of non-dilated distal phalanx; distal phalanx narrower than and raised from dilated pad; 23 (right) – 22 (left) lamellae under phalanges II – IV of fourth toe; 7 scales under distal phalanx of fourth toe. Coloration after nine months preservation in 70 % ethanol was recorded as follows: Dorsal surfaces of head, body, limbs, and tail Cinnamon-Drab (50) with suffusions of Sepia (286) in vertebral region of body and anterior tail, with paravertebral transverse Sepia (286) streaks and with an indistinct Sepia (286) lateral longitudinal stripe between levels of ear and groin; lateral and ventral surfaces of head Cream White (52); ventral surfaces of body and limbs Pale Buff (1); ventral surface of tail Cinnamon-Drab (50) suffused on edges with Sepia (286); finger and toe pads Vandyke Brown (282); dewlap Deep Vinaceous (248) grading into Light Lavender (201) on posterior portion. Variation. The paratypes agree well with the holotype in general appearance, morphometrics, and scalation (see Table 8). Variation was evident in some scalation characters as follows: The number of slightly to moderately enlarged dorsal scale rows varies from 10 to 14. All but one specimen have a single elongate prenasal; only SMF 96233 has a divided prenasal. Suboculars in contact with supralabials (1 – 3 suboculars in contact with 1 – 4 supralabials) in all but one specimen (SMF 96233), which has the suboculars separated from supralabials by one complete scale row. Of 35 individuals, the longest toe of adpressed hind leg reaching to level of ear opening in 5.7 %, to a point between ear opening and eye in 11.4 %, to posterior border of eye in 22.9 %, to mideye in 40.0 %, to anterior border of eye in 14.3 %, and to beyond eye in 5.7 %. All males have a pair of greatly enlarged postcloacal scales. The coloration in life of an adult male (SMF 96234) was recorded as follows: Dorsal surface of head Brussels Brown (33) anteriorly and grading posteriorly into Mikado Brown (42) with a Burnt Umber (48) interorbital bar; dorsal ground color Cinnamon-Drab (50); lateral stripe indicated by two series of Mahogany Red (34) streaks; dorsal surface of Limbs Cinnamon Brown (43) with Raw Umber (280) bands; ventral surface of head Light Buff (2) with indistinct Clay Color (18) transverse streaks; ventral surface of body Chamois (84); ventral surfaces of limbs and tail Ground Cinnamon (270) with suffusions of Pale Pinkish Buff (3); dewlap Spinel Pink (235) with Light Buff (2) gorgetals; iris Raw Umber (280) with a Pale Emerald Green (141) inner ring. The coloration in life of an adult female (IBH 26518) was recorded as follows: Dorsal ground color Dark Drab (45) grading into Mikado Brown (42) on flanks and with Cinnamon Brown (43) chevrons, interorbital bar, and bars on limbs and tail; indistinct Cinnamon Drab (50) lateral stripe; ventral surface of body Pale Pinkish Buff (3); ventral surface of limbs and tail Drab (19); dewlap with suffusions of Vinaceous (247) and with Pale Pinkish Buff (3) gorgetals; iris Sepia (279) with a Greenish Glaucous (271) inner ring. The completely everted hemipenis of SMF 96742 (Fig. 32) is a small organ with rudimentary lobes and a flaplike structure at tip of apex; sulcus spermaticus bordered by well developed sulcal lips and opening at base of apex into a single large apical field void of ornamentation; distal portion of sulcal lips with several transverse folds at level of bifurcation; a distinct asulcate ridge and a knob-like asulcate processus present; apex finely calyculate, truncus and asulcate ridge with transverse folds.	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FFE7E7177EC3FF61FCC8C2E7.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name stevepoei is a patronym honoring Steven Poe who has contributed substantially to our knowledge of the phylogeny and taxonomy of anoles. Natural History Notes. We found Anolis stevepoei to be an abundant species along the road from San Miguel Mixtepec to El Vidrio. At night, we spotted numerous individuals sleeping on low vegetation (ferns, bushes, and branches of small trees) at 0.3 to 2.0 m above ground level. At Rancho Sagrado near San Miguel Mixtepec, we encountered several individuals that were active on the ground. On 23 June 2013 at 1: 09 hrs. RGT observed a Leptodeira maculata on the hunt for an individual of A. stevepoei. The snake was climbing a parallel twig to a branch where an adult male of Anolis stevepoei was sleeping. The colubrid took around 35 minutes to slowly climb the 50 cm shrub twig but the Anolis was able to jump away before the snake could strike. Geographic Distribution and Conservation. As currently known, Anolis stevepoei is restricted to the Pacific versant of the Sierra Madre del Sur in the mountainous region north of Puerto Escondido in the south-central and southwestern portions of the Mexican State of Oaxaca at elevations between 350 and 2040 masl (Fig. 40). Given its usual abundance wherever this species occurs, it seems justified to classify A. stevepoei as Least Concern based on the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN 2012).	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FFEFE70F7EC3FF61FE42C429.taxon	description	Figs. 33 – 39	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FFEFE70F7EC3FF61FE42C429.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. SMF 96425, an adult male from Pluma Hidalgo (15.942410 ° N, 96.430440 ° W), 1350 m, Estado de Oaxaca, Mexico; collected 4 March 2013 by Gunther Köhler and Raúl Gómez Trejo Pérez. Field tag number GK- 4369. Paratypes. IBH 26997 – 27004, SMF 96418 – 24, 96426 – 27, same collecting data as holotype. IBH 26998 – 27001, 27003 – 27004, SMF 96419, 96421 – 22, 96424, 96426 – 27 are males, IBH 26997, 27002, SMF 96418, 96420, 96423 are females. Referred specimens ⎯ Mexico: Oaxaca: 7 mi S of la Candelaria, 358 m: UIMNH 8906; 2.5 km S Candelaria, 394 m: KU 137684; road from San Jose Pacífico to Candelaria Loxicha, 500 – 1469 m: UTA R- 51711 – 16; road from Pochutla to Candelaria, 380 m: UTA R- 53606; Finca de Juan García, near Santiago La Galera, 1010 m: IBH 26579, SMF 96246 – 47; 5.1 km S Jalatengo, 1017 m: KU 137686 – 87; Santiago la Galera, 1160 m: IBH 26513 – 14, 26521 – 22, 26578, 26582, 26612, SMF 96240, 96248 – 51; near Tierra Blanca, 1287 m: SMF 96431 – 32; near La Soledad, 1350 m: IBH 27028 – 29, SMF 96429 – 30, 96558 – 59; Tierra Blanca, 1369 m: SMF 96753 – 54; 0.2 km N Jalatengo, 1458 m: KU 137688; Sierra Madre del Sur, Portillo de Rayo, 1519 – 1590 m: UTA R- 51708, 51720 – 24; 2 mi W La Soledad: UIMNH 8963; La Soledad: UIMNH 8914, 8924, 8926, 8929, 8931, 8949, 8952, 8962, 8969 - 70; 1.0 km S Candelaria, 1621 m: KU 137685; Sierra Madre del Sur, along Hwy 131, 15 miles (24.1 km) SW San Pedro Juchatengo, 1872 m: UTA R- 51709; Mex Hwy 175 and Chacalapilla River: UTA R- 51720; Suchitepec, 2044 m: UTA R- 51721; road from Portillo de Rayo to Pochutla, 677 m: UTA R- 53603 – 05.	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FFEFE70F7EC3FF61FE42C429.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A small species (our Species E of the A. nebuloides complex, see above; SVL in largest male 50.0 mm, largest female 47.0 mm) of the genus Anolis (sensu Poe 2004) that differs from all Mexican and Central American anoles except A. nebuloides, A. nietoi, A. megapholidotus, and A. stevepoei by having a combination of (1) strongly keeled ventral scales; (2) usually a patch of three greatly enlarged supraocular scales; (3) 10 – 12 rows of greatly enlarged dorsal scales that are larger than ventral scales; (4) short hind legs, longest toe of adpressed hind leg usually reaching to posterior margin of eye, occasionally to a point between levels of ear opening and eye or to mideye (to ear opening in single female), ratio shank length / SVL 0.24 – 0.29; (5) circumnasal usually in contact with first supralabial; and (6) a large pink dewlap in males and a very small pink dewlap in females (Fig. 33). Anolis zapotecorum differs from A. nebuloides, A. nietoi, and A. megapholidotus by having (1) a rather gradual transition over 3 to 4 scales between the enlarged dorsal scales and lateral body scales (vs. a more abrupt transition over only 1 or 2 scales); (2) the edges of the field of enlarged dorsal scale rows forming an undulating line due to single enlarged scales or groups thereof outside the main field (vs. the edges of this field forming well defined and in a more or less straight line) (3) and by having a pink male dewlap (vs. more reddish). Anolis zapotecorum differs from A. stevepoei in hemipenial morphology (lobes well developed with two apical fields void of ornamentation — one on each lobe, and without a flap-like structure at tip of apex in A. zapotecorum vs. lobes rudimentary with a single apical field void of ornamentation, and with a flap-like structure at tip of apex in A. stevepoei) and in the average values of several morphometric and pholidotic characters, most obvious in (1) number of midventral scales in one head length; (2) dorsal scales between levels of axilla and groin; and (3) subdigital lamellae on Phalanges II – IV of Toe IV (see Table 8).	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FFEFE70F7EC3FF61FE42C429.taxon	description	Description of the holotype. Adult male, as indicated by everted hemipenes and presence of large dewlap; SVL 47.5 mm; tail length 97.0 mm, tail complete; tail moderately compressed in cross section, tail height 2.6 mm and width 2.2 mm; axilla to groin distance 17.8 mm; head length 13.5 mm, head length / SVL ratio 0.28; snout length 5.9 mm; head width 8.1 mm; longest toe of adpressed hind limb reaching to mideye; shank length 13.2 mm, shank length / head length ratio 0.98; longest finger of extended forelimb reaching to a point 1 mm beyond tip of snout; longest finger of adpressed forelimb reaching to anterior insertion of hind limbs. Scales on snout keeled, mostly unicarinate, some multicarinate; posterior head scales rugose or keeled; 6 postrostrals; 7 scales between nasals; 1 elongate prenasal scale on each side, partly fused with circumnasal, in contact with both rostral and first supralabial; circumnasal in contact with first supralabial; scales in deep prefrontal depression mostly keeled, keels mostly radiating from center of depression; supraorbital semicircles well developed, medially in contact with each other; supraorbital disc composed of an oval patch of 3 greatly enlarged, keeled scales; circumorbital row complete, therefore, enlarged supraorbital scales completely separated from supraorbital semicircles; 2 elongated, strongly overlapping superciliaries, anterior one larger than posterior one, followed posteriorly by 3 to 4 roundish to squarish scales of moderate size; 2 to 3 rows of small smooth scales extending between enlarged supraorbitals and superciliaries; parietal depression shallow; interparietal scale well developed, 2.4 x 2.0 mm (length x width), surrounded by scales of moderate size; 1 scale present between interparietal and supraorbital semicircles; canthal ridge distinct, composed of 3 large (second largest) and 3 small anterior canthal scales; 7 scales present between second canthals; 6 scales present between posterior canthals; 25 mostly keeled loreal scales in a maximum of 5 horizontal rows; 3 keeled subocular scales arranged in a single row; 6 supralabials to level below center of eye; 2 suboculars broadly in contact with 2 supralabials; ear opening 0.7 x 1.4 mm (length x height); mental distinctly wider than long, completely divided medially, bordered posteriorly by 4 postmentals, outer ones slightly larger than median ones; 6 infralabials to level below center of eye; sublabials not differentiated; keeled granular scales present on chin and throat; dewlap large, extending from level beyond anterior margin of eye to level of chest; 7 – 9 horizontal gorgetal-sternal rows with 10 – 21 scales per row; modal number of marginal pairs 2 – 4; a nuchal crest and a dorsal ridge present; dorsum of body with strongly keeled, imbricate, non-mucronate scales; about 10 to 14 medial rows greatly enlarged; largest dorsal scales about 0.95 x 0.95 mm (length x width); about 20 medial dorsal scales in one head length; about 34 medial dorsal scales between levels of axilla and groin; lateral scales smooth, granular and more or less homogeneous in size, average size 0.25 mm in diameter; ventrals at midbody strongly keeled, imbricate, mucronate, about 0.65 x 0.65 mm (length x width); about 36 medial ventral scales in one head length; about 46 medial ventral scales between levels of axilla and groin; 114 scales around midbody; all caudal scales keeled; middorsal caudal scales moderately enlarged, not forming a crest; lateral caudal scales without whorls of enlarged scales, although an indistinct division in segments is discernible; a pair of greatly enlarged postcloacal scales present, about 1.5 mm wide; no tube-like axillary pocket present; scales on dorsal surface of forelimb weakly keeled; digital pads dilated, dilated pad about 3 times width of non-dilated distal phalanx; distal phalanx narrower than and raised from dilated pad; 26 (right) – 25 (left) lamellae under phalanges II – IV of fourth toe; 8 scales under distal phalanx of fourth toe. The completely everted hemipenis of SMF 96425 (Fig. 39) is a bilobate organ; sulcus spermaticus bordered by well developed sulcal lips and opening at base of apex into two apical fields void of ornamentation, one on each lobe; distal portion of sulcal lips with several transverse folds at level of bifurcation; a distinct asulcate ridge and a knob-like asulcate processus present; apex strongly calyculate, truncus and asulcate ridge with transverse folds. Coloration after five months preservation in 70 % ethanol was recorded as follows: Dorsal surfaces of head and body Light Russet Vinaceous (246) grading into Light Neutral Gray (297) in parietal region and with an indistinct Dark Neutral Gray (299) lateral longitudinal stripe between levels of axilla and groin; dorsal surfaces of limbs Tawny (60) with indistinct Dark Drab (45) bands; dorsal surface of tail Tawny (60) with indistinct Fawn Color (258) bands; ventral surfaces of head, body, limbs, and tail Chamois (84) with a slight suffusion of Cinnamon-Drab (50); finger and toe pads Vandyke Brown (282); dewlap Vinaceous (247) grading into Rose Pink (243) on edges. Variation. The paratypes agree well with the holotype in general appearance, morphometrics, and scalation (see Table 8). Variation is evident in some scalation characters as follows: The number of slightly to moderately enlarged dorsal scale rows varies from 11 to 14. All specimens have a single elongate prenasal. Suboculars in contact with supralabials (1 – 3 suboculars in contact with 1 – 3 supralabials) in all specimens examined. Of 30 individuals, the longest toe of adpressed hind leg reaching to a point between ear opening and eye in 3.3 %, to posterior border of eye in 20.0 %, to mideye in 66.7 %, to anterior border of eye in 6.7 %, and to beyond eye in 3.3 %. All males have a pair of greatly enlarged postcloacal scales. The coloration in life of an adult male of (SMF 96248; Fig. 34 a) was recorded as follows: Dorsal ground color Raw Umber (22) with Antique Brown (24) interorbital bar and Mars Brown (25) occipital blotch; lateral stripe Ground Cinnamon (270) edged above and below by Ferruginous (35) streaks; dorsum with Warm Sepia (40) chevrons; dorsal surface of limbs and tail with Warm Sepia (40) bars; ventral surfaces Light Buff (2), those on limbs and tail suffused with Drab (19); dewlap Spinel Pink (235) with Light Orange Yellow (7) marginals and Paris White (139) gorgetals; iris Warm Sepia (40). The coloration in life of another adult male (SMF 96240; Fig. 34 c) was recorded as follows: Dorsal ground color Mikado Brown (42) with a suffusion of Olive Brown (278) dorsally and with a Burnt Siena (38) interorbital bar; lateral stripe Smoky Gray (267) edged above and below by series of Walnut Brown (27) splotches; dorsal surface of limbs and tail Antique Brown (24) with Warm Sepia (40) bands; ventral surface of head Pale Buff (1); ventral surface of body Pale Pinkish Buff (3); ventral surface of limbs and tail Ground Cinnamon (270) with Dark Drab (45) suffusions; dewlap Magenta (236) with Cream White (52) gorgetals and Chamois (84) marginals. The coloration in life of an adult female (SMF 96249; Fig. 34 b) was recorded as follows: Dorsal ground color Raw Umber (22) with suffusions of Cinnamon (21) and with Mars Brown (25) stipples on flanks; ventral surface of head Light Buff (2); ventral surface of limbs and tail Tawny Olive (17); Venter Cream Color (12); dewlap Spinel Pink (235) with Cream White (52) gorgetals; iris Burnt Umber (48).	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FFEFE70F7EC3FF61FE42C429.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name zapotecorum refers to the Zapotecan people. The Zapotec civilization was an indigenous pre-Columbian civilization that flourished in the Valley of Oaxaca. Many people in the range of Anolis zapotecorum still speak the ancient Zapotec language. Natural History Notes. Anolis zapotecorum appears to be very abundant in the surroundings of La Galera, Buena Vista, and Pluma Hidalgo. During daytime surveys, they were encountered on leaf litter or perching low on tree trunks about 0.1 to 0.5 m above the ground. At night, they were found sleeping on twigs, leaves, and ferns. Near Pluma Hidalgo at 10: 30 hrs., an adult male of A. zapotecorum was observed using the same coffee tree to rest as a juvenile of Anolis macrinii, with only a few centimeters in distance between them, although on a different branch. Geographic Distribution and Conservation. As currently known, Anolis zapotecorum is restricted to the Pacific versant of the eastern portion of the Sierra Madre del Sur in the south-central portion of the Mexican State of Oaxaca at elevations between 358 and 2044 masl (Fig. 40). Given its usual abundance wherever this species occurs, it seems justified to classify A. zapotecorum as Least Concern based on the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN 2012).	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FFF6E7027EC3FDAFFC38C1EE.taxon	description	Figs. 41 – 44	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FFF6E7027EC3FDAFFC38C1EE.taxon	description	Description. Anolis megapholidotus is a small anole (maximum recorded SVL 39.0 mm in males, 38.0 mm in females); dorsal head scales in internasal region strongly keeled, mostly unicarinate, other dorsal head scales mostly keeled in prefrontal region, in parietal region mostly weakly to strongly keeled, some rugose; shallow to deep prefrontal depression present, shallow parietal depression; 5 – 6 postrostrals; anterior nasal usually single, exceptionally divided, the lower scale in contact with rostral and first supralabial or, exceptionally, only with rostral scale; usually 6 – 7, occasionally 8, internasals; canthal ridge sharply defined; scales comprising supraorbital semicircles well defined, weakly keeled, largest scale in semicircles usually smaller than largest supraocular scale; supraorbital semicircles broadly in contact or separated by a complete row of scales; 1 – 3 scales separating supraorbital semicircles and interparietal at narrowest point; interparietal well defined, greatly enlarged relative to adjacent scales, surrounded by scales of moderate size, longer than wide, usually larger than ear opening, occasionally subequal to ear opening; enlarged supraoculars usually a patch of 3 greatly enlarged scales in a single row, rugose to weakly keeled, separated from supraorbital semicircles by a complete row of small scales, or these scales narrowly in contact; 2 – 3 scales between enlarged supraoculars and superciliaries; 3 elongate superciliaries, anterior one longest, followed posteriorly by a series of 3 – 4 rounded or squarish scales of moderate size; usually 3 enlarged canthals, the second canthal largest; 6 – 10 scales between second canthals; 7 – 11 scales between posterior canthals; loreal region slightly concave, 17 – 28 mostly keeled (some smooth to rugose) loreal scales in a maximum of 5 – 6 horizontal rows; 5 – 7 supralabials to level below center of eye; suboculars keeled, in broad contact with supralabials (2 – 3 suboculars in contact with 1 – 4 supralabials); ear opening vertically oval; scales anterior to ear opening keeled, juxtaposed, about four times larger than granulars posterior to ear opening; 5 – 7 infralabials to level below center of eye; commonly 4 or 5, occasionally 6 postmentals, outer pair slightly to distinctly larger than adjacent median postmental scales; 0 – 1 enlarged sublabial in contact with infralabials on each side; keeled granular scales present on chin and throat; male dewlap moderate-sized (38 mm 2 in one subadult male, SMF 96211) extending onto chest; 8 – 9 horizontal gorgetal-sternal rows with 8 – 11 scales per row; modal number of marginal pairs 2 – 4; female dewlap rudimentary or small; a nuchal crest and a dorsal ridge present in males; scales on middorsum strongly keeled, subimbricate with rounded posterior margins, some slightly mucronate; 9 – 12 middorsal scale rows moderately to greatly enlarged, abruptly larger than lateral scales; lateral scales keeled, granular, more or less homogeneous; 28 – 32 dorsal scales along vertebral midline between levels of axilla and groin in males, 27 – 35 in females; 16 – 20 dorsal scales along vertebral midline contained in one head length in males, 14 – 18 in females; ventral scales on midsection smaller than largest dorsal scales; scales on midventer strongly keeled, imbricate, mucronate; 36 – 39 ventral scales along midventral line between levels of axilla and groin in males, 29 – 37 in females; 20 – 30 ventral scales contained in one head length in males, 14 – 20 in females; 92 – 104 scales around midbody in males, 84 – 102 in females; tube-like axillary pocket absent; precloacal scales weakly to strongly keeled; males with or without a pair of moderately to greatly enlarged postcloacal scales; tail moderately compressed in cross section, tail height / tail width 1.10 – 1.38 in males, 1.09 – 1.45 in females; all caudal scales strongly keeled, homogeneous, although an indistinct division in segments is discernible; dorsal medial caudal scale row hardly enlarged, strongly keeled, not forming a crest; scales on anterodorsal surface of brachium and on dorsal surface of antebrachium subimbricate to imbricate, strongly keeled, unicarinate, slightly mucronate; 17 – 23 subdigital lamellae on Phalanges II – IV of Toe IV of hind limbs; 6 – 7 subdigital lamellae on distal phalanx of Toe IV of hind limbs; digital pads dilated, about twice the size of distal phalanx. In all specimens examined, the longest toe of the adpressed hind leg reaches to level of tympanum or to a point between shoulder and tympanum. For variation in selected scalation and morphometric characters see Table 8. The coloration in life of a subadult male (SMF 96211) from Agua de Obispo was recorded as follows: Dorsal ground color of body Cinnamon (21) grading into Mikado Brown (42); dorsal surface of head Natal Brown (42) with a Raw Umber (23) interorbital bar; dorsal surface of limbs and tail Cinnamon (21); ventral surface of chin and limbs Raw Umber (22); chin with Dark Brownish Olive (127) splotches and stripes; venter Chamois (48) with suffusions of Salmon Color (83); dewlap Pinkish Flesh Color (253) with Cream White (52) gorgetals; iris Dark Brownish Olive (127). The coloration in life of an adult female (IBH 26503) from Agua de Obispo was recorded as follows: Dorsal coloration Dark Drab (45) grading laterally into Sayal Brown (41); chin Cream White (52); venter Chamois (84); ventral surface of legs and tail Dark Drab (45); dorsal surface of legs Russet (44); dewlap Spinal Pink (235) with Cream White (52) gorgetals; iris Cinnamon Brown (43). The hemipenial morphology in Anolis megapholidotus is unknown. Natural History Notes: The few subadult individuals we encountered were found while the lizards were active on the ground during daytime and sleeping on low vegetation (shrubs at 0.2 – 0.5 m above the ground) at night. The habitat near Agua de Obispo is mostly disturbed dry and shrub forest in the valleys and pine-oak forest at higher elevations. Geographic Distribution and Conservation. As currently known, Anolis megapholidotus is restricted to the Pacific versant of Sierra Madre del Sur in the south-central portion of the Mexican State of Guerrero at elevations between 960 and 1045 masl (Fig. 40). Given its presumably small geographic range, degraded habitat, and threat from deforestation, it seems justified to classify A. megapholidotus as Critically Endangered based on criterion B 1 ab (iii) of the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN 2012). Specimens examined ⎯ Mexico: Guerrero: vicinity of Agua de Obispo, 960 – 1045 m: FMNH 100105, 106557, 106559 – 60, IBH 26503 – 04, MCZ R- 78706 – 12, SMF 96211 – 12, UIMNH 20121 – 23, UMMZ 119078, 130949 (three specimens), 130952; Acahuizotla, 970 m: MCZ R- 78713 – 16.	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FFFCE77A7EC3FB44FE2DC6E4.taxon	description	Figs. 45 – 50	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FFFCE77A7EC3FB44FE2DC6E4.taxon	type_taxon	Anolis nebuloides Bocourt 1873: 74; type locality: “ Putla, province d’Oaxaca (Mexique) ” Syntypes: MNHN 2494, 1994.0984 - 86. Troschel 1874, O’Shaughnessy 1875, Boulenger 1885, Günther 1885 – 1902, Cope 1887, Barbour 1934, Smith 1939, Burt & Myers 1942, Smith 1944, Stuart 1948, Smith & Taylor 1950 a, b, Beltrán 1953, Davis 1954, Etheridge 1959, Holman 1964, Etheridge 1965, Hardy & McDiarmid 1969, Smith & Smith 1973, Smith et al. 1972, Fitch & Henderson 1973, Smith & Smith 1976, Lieb 1981, Fitch & Hillis 1984, Lister & García Aguayo 1992, Flores-Villela 1993, Flores- Villela & Gerez 1994, Lieb 1995, 2001, Poe 2004, Liner 2007, Fläschendräger & Wijffels 2009, Flores-Villela et al. 2010, Urbina-Cardona & Flores-Villela 2010, Wilson & Townsend 2010, Wilson et al. 2013, Nieto Montes de Oca et al. 2013, Köhler et al. 2014, Köhler 2014	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FFFCE77A7EC3FB44FE2DC6E4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A small species (SVL in largest male 46.0 mm, largest female 43.0 mm) of the genus Anolis (sensu Poe 2004) that differs from all Mexican and Central American anoles except A. megapholidotus, A. nietoi, A. stevepoei, and A. zapotecorum by having a combination of (1) strongly keeled ventral scales; (2) usually a patch of three greatly enlarged supraocular scales; (3) 10 – 12 rows of greatly enlarged dorsal scales that are larger than ventral scales; (4) short hind legs, longest toe of adpressed hind leg usually reaching to posterior margin of eye, occasionally to a point between levels of ear opening and eye or to mideye (to ear opening in single female), ratio shank length / SVL 0.24 – 0.29; (5) circumnasal usually in contact with first supralabial; and (6) a large pinkish red dewlap in males and a very small pink dewlap in females (Fig. 45). Anolis nebuloides differs from A. stevepoei, and A. zapotecorum by having (1) a rather abrupt transition between the enlarged dorsal scales and lateral body scales (vs. a more gradual transition over 3 to 4 scales); (2) the edges of the field of enlarged dorsal scale rows well defined and in a more or less straight line (vs. the edges of this field forming an undulating line due to single enlarged scales or groups thereof outside the main field) (3) and by having a more reddish male dewlap (vs. pink). Anolis nebuloides differs from A. megapholidotus and A. nietoi in the ranges and average values of several morphometric and pholidotic characters, most obvious in (1) number of middorsal scales in one head length; and (2) number of subdigital lamellae on Phalanges II – IV of Toe IV (see Table 8).	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FFFCE77A7EC3FB44FE2DC6E4.taxon	description	Description. Anolis nebuloides is a small anole (maximum recorded SVL 46.0 mm in males, 43.0 mm in females); dorsal head scales in internasal region strongly keeled, mostly unicarinate, other dorsal head scales mostly keeled in prefrontal region, in parietal region mostly weakly to strongly keeled, some rugose; shallow to deep prefrontal depression present, shallow parietal depression; 5 – 6 postrostrals; anterior nasal single, in contact with rostral and first supralabial; 6 – 8 internasals; canthal ridge sharply defined; scales comprising supraorbital semicircles well defined, weakly keeled, largest scale in semicircles usually smaller than largest supraocular scale; supraorbital semicircles usually separated from each other by one complete row of scales, commonly these scales in narrow or broad contact; 1 – 4 scales separating supraorbital semicircles and interparietal at narrowest point; interparietal well defined, greatly enlarged relative to adjacent scales, surrounded by scales of moderate size, longer than wide, usually larger than ear opening, occasionally subequal to ear opening; enlarged supraoculars usually a patch of 3 greatly enlarged scales in a single row, rugose to weakly keeled, separated from supraorbital semicircles by a complete row of small scales, or these scales narrowly in contact; 2 – 3 scales between enlarged supraoculars and superciliaries; 3 elongate superciliaries, anterior one longest, followed posteriorly by a series of 3 – 4 rounded or squarish scales of moderate size; usually 3 enlarged canthals, the second canthal largest; 6 – 9 scales between second canthals; 7 – 10 scales between posterior canthals; loreal region slightly concave, 20 – 33 mostly keeled (some smooth to rugose) loreal scales in a maximum of 5 – 7 (commonly 5 or 6) horizontal rows; 5 – 7 supralabials to level below center of eye; suboculars keeled, in contact with supralabials (1 – 3 suboculars in contact with 1 – 4 supralabials); ear opening vertically oval; scales anterior to ear opening keeled, juxtaposed, about four times larger than granulars posterior to ear opening; 5 – 7 infralabials to level below center of eye; 4 – 6 postmentals (usually 4), outer pair slightly to distinctly larger than adjacent median postmental scales; 0 – 2 enlarged sublabials in contact with infralabials on each side; keeled granular scales present on chin and throat; male dewlap of large size extending onto chest; 8 – 10 horizontal gorgetal-sternal rows with 9 – 14 scales per row; modal number of marginal pairs 2 – 4; female dewlap very small or small; a nuchal crest and a dorsal ridge present in males; 10 – 14 middorsal scale rows moderately to greatly enlarged, abruptly larger than lateral scales; scales on middorsum strongly keeled, subimbricate with rounded posterior margins, some slightly mucronate; enlarged dorsal scales abruptly larger than keeled granular lateral scales; lateral scales more or less homogeneous; 34 – 44 dorsal scales along vertebral midline between levels of axilla and groin in males, 36 – 44 in females; 20 – 24 dorsal scales along vertebral midline contained in one head length in males, 18 – 24 in females; ventral scales on midsection smaller than largest dorsal scales; scales on midventer strongly keeled, subimbricate to imbricate, mucronate; 31 – 45 ventral scales along midventral line between levels of axilla and groin in males, 33 – 38 in females; 20 – 33 ventral scales contained in one head length in males, 18 – 24 in females; 96 – 132 scales around midbody in males, 90 – 116 in females; tube-like axillary pocket absent; precloacal scales weakly to strongly keeled; males with or without a pair of moderately to greatly enlarged postcloacal scales; tail moderately compressed in cross section, tail height / tail width 1.14 – 1.64 in males, 1.24 – 1.27 in females; all caudal scales strongly keeled, homogeneous, although an indistinct division in segments is discernible; dorsal medial caudal scale row hardly enlarged, strongly keeled, not forming a crest; scales on anterodorsal surface of brachium subimbricate to imbricate, strongly keeled, unicarinate, slightly mucronate; scales on dorsal surface of antebrachium strongly keeled, unicarinate, subimbricate to imbricate, slightly mucronate; 20 – 26 subdigital lamellae on Phalanges II – IV of Toe IV of hind limbs; 6 – 7 subdigital lamellae on distal phalanx o Toe IV of hind limbs; digital pads dilated, about twice the size of distal phalanx. In all specimens examined, the longest toe of the adpressed hind leg reaches to level of tympanum or to a point between shoulder and tympanum. For variation in selected scalation and morphometric characters see Table 8. The coloration in life of an adult male (SMF 96215; Fig. 46 a) from near Putla was recorded as follows: Dorsal ground color Cinnamon (21) with Drab (19) lateral stripe edged above and below by Ferruginous (35); ventral surface of head Light Buff (2); venter Pale Pinkish Buff (3); ventral surfaces of limbs and tail Drab (19); dewlap Spinal Pink (235) with Chamois (84) marginals and Cream White (52) gorgetals; iris Warm Sepia (40). The color in life of an adult female (SMF 96216; Fig. 46 e) from near Putla was recorded as follows: Dorsal ground color Verona Brown (37) with Burnt Umber (48) chevrons; dorsal surfaces of limbs Burnt Umber (48) with Burnt Siena (38) bars on shank; dorsal surface of tail Verona Brown (37) with Dark Yellow Buff (54) dashes and chevrons; ventral surface of head Light Buff (2) with a suffusion of Buff (5); venter Pale Pinkish Buff (3) with a suffusion of Light Orange Yellow (7); ventral surface of limbs and tail Drab (19); dewlap Spinal Pink (235) with Pale Buff (1) gorgetals; iris Maroon (39). The color in life of another adult female (SMF 96218; Fig. 46 f) from near Putla was recorded as follows: Mid-dorsal stripe Tawny (60); edged by Russet (44); dewlap Dark Rose (238); with Cream White (53) gorgetals. The coloration in life of an adult male from the road between San Juan Colorado and Villanueva (SMF 96414) was recorded as follows: Dorsal ground color Tawny Olive (17) with a Vandyke Brown (282) vertebral line, Cream White (52) spots and a lateral line that is edged by Salmon Color (59); dorsal surface of head Cinnamon (255); ventral surface of body Pale Sulphur Yellow (92) with suffusions of Light Flesh Color (250); chin with Medium Neutral Gray (298) bars; dewlap Spinal pink (253); iris Buff (115). The coloration in life of an adult female from the road between San Juan Colorado and Villanueva (SMF 96409) was recorded as follows: Dorsal surface of head Medium Chrome Orange (75); dorsal ground color of body Buff (15) with a Salmon color (83) vertebral line edged by Grayish Horn Color (268) and some Smoke Gray (267) suffusions; ventral surface of body Chamois (84) with Pink (242) suffusions; ventral surface of legs Raw Sienna (32); dewlap Rose (234); iris Cinnamon (255). The coloration in life of another adult female from the road between San Juan Colorado and Villanueva (SMF 96415) was recorded as follows: Dorsal ground color Cinnamon (21) with a Warm Sepia (40) vertebral line that divides into three portions in neck area; dorsal surface of limbs head and tail Brussels Brown (33); ventral surface of body Cream Color (12); ventral surface of limbs and tail Tawny Olive (17); chin with Drab (19) bars; dewlap Medium Rose (233); iris Clay Color (20). The completely everted hemipenis of SMF 96219 (Fig. 50) is a bilobate organ; sulcus spermaticus bordered by well developed sulcal lips and opening at base of apex into two apical fields void of ornamentation, one on each lobe; distal portion of sulcal lips with several transverse folds at level of bifurcation; a distinct asulcate ridge and a knob-like asulcate processus present; apex strongly calyculate, truncus and asulcate ridge with transverse folds.	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FFFCE77A7EC3FB44FE2DC6E4.taxon	biology_ecology	Natural History Notes: Anolis nebuloides was observed during the day in leaf litter and on the base of tree trunks in a pine-oak forest some kilometers north of the town of Putla where it appeared to be very abundant; only two specimens where caught at night sleeping in tall grass on the edge of the highway.	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FFFCE77A7EC3FB44FE2DC6E4.taxon	distribution	Geographic Distribution and Conservation. As currently known, Anolis nebuloides is restricted to the Pacific versant of Sierra Madre del Sur in the southwestern portion of the Mexican State of Oaxaca at elevations between 980 and 1575 masl (Fig. 40). Given its usual abundance wherever this species occurs, it seems justified to classify A. nebuloides as Least Concern based on the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN 2012).	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FFFCE77A7EC3FB44FE2DC6E4.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined ⎯ Mexico: Guerrero: road from San Juan Colorado to Villanueva, 1170 m: SMF 96408 - 17; Oaxaca: Putla de Guerrero: MNHN 2494, 1994.0984 – 86; 10 km N Putla de Guerrero, on Highway 125, 1005 m: USNM 304887; near Putla de Guerrero, 980 m: IBH 26508, 26510, 26515 – 16, 26519 – 20, 26524, SMF 96215 – 20, 97011 – 12; road from Putla de Guerrero to San Andres Chicahuaxtla, Municipio de Putla de Guerrero de Guerrero, 1375 m: UTA R- 52814.	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FFFCE77A7EC3FB44FE2DC6E4.taxon	discussion	Taxonomy of the Mexican anoles related to Anolis quercorum Fitch 1978 In 1978, Fitch described his new species Anolis quercorum based on a series of specimens collected “ 26 km SE Nochixtlán (2.5 km NW Cuesta Blanca, Highway 190), Oaxaca, Mexico ” (holotype KU 176050). Since the original description, this species showed up on several checklists but little remains known about its morphological variation and natural history. For our analysis, we defined five OTUs in this complex: OTU 1 is formed by specimens from Tamazulapan, northwestern Oaxaca; OTU 2 by specimens from Cuesta Blanca, western central Oaxaca; OTU 3 by specimens from the valleys of Ixtlan de Juárez and Tehuacán-Cuicatlán, northwestern Oaxaca and adjacent Puebla; OTU 4 by specimens from Matatlán, eastern central Oaxaca; OTU 5 by specimens from Cerro Sacamecates, southeastern Oaxaca. The analysis of the 16 s sequences revealed three well-supported clades, i. e., (1) our OTUs 1 and 2, (2) our OTU 3, and (3) our OTUs 4 and 5 (Fig. 52 a). Mean genetic distances among these clades are 4.8 – 7.1 %. Geographic distance by itself is not responsible for these genetic distances as evidenced by the low genetic differentiation between our OTUs 1 and 2 (1.5 %) and between OTUs 4 and 5 (3.4 %), respectively. The analysis of the CO 1 sequences (Fig. 52 b) indicates the same genetic clusters as in the 16 s tree. We take this high level of genetic differentiation among these three genetic clusters as evidence for lack of gene flow and in conclusion recognize these three clusters as species level units. In external morphology, these three genetic clusters are more conservative and not easily differentiated (Table 9). However, subtle differences among most of these clusters are evident, supporting the recognition of each of these as a distinct species. Also, we observed differences in hemipenial morphology among these clusters. Thus, the three species we recognize are Species A (OTUs 1 and 2), Species B (OTU 3), Species C (OTUs 4 and 5). Our Species A includes the type locality of A. quercorum; thus, this is the valid name for this species. No names are available for our Species B and C, and therefore we describe each of them as a new species below.	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF85E7757EC3FDAAFEE7C7EA.taxon	description	Figs. 52 – 57	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF85E7757EC3FDAAFEE7C7EA.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. SMF 96714, an adult female from Ixtlán de Juárez, university campus (17.316350 ° N, 96.483470 ° W, WGS 84), 1945 m, Estado de Oaxaca, Mexico; collected 13 June 2013 by Raúl Gómez Trejo Pérez. Field tag number GK- 4501. Paratypes. All from the Mexican state of Oaxaca: GK- 4502 (IBH uncatalogued), same collecting data as holotype; UMMZ 99820 (two specimens), from Ixtlán de Juárez, collected 11 May 1947 by Hellmuth Wagner; UTA R- 8421, from 0.9 mi N (by road) El Cerezal on Mexican Hwy 175, Sierra Aloapaneca, by Jonathan A. Campbell; UTA R- 52816 – 17, from Tutepetongo, Municipio Cuicatlán, 17.732 ° N, 96.866 ° W, 1619 m, by Eric N. Smith; MVZ 164275 – 76, from Ixtlán de Juárez, Vivero Rancho Teja, 17 ° 19 ’ 50 ’’ N, 96 ° 29 ’ 14 ’’ W. GK- 4502 (IBH uncatalogued), MVZ 144181, 164275 – 76, and UMMZ 99820 are adult females, UTA R- 52816 is an adult male, and UTA R- 8421 is a subadult male. Referred specimens ⎯ Mexico: Oaxaca: Cuicatlán: USNM 47614; 2 mi E Ixtepeji: KU 320768.	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF85E7757EC3FDAAFEE7C7EA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A small species (our Species B of the Anolis quercorum complex, see above; SVL in largest male 46.0 mm, largest female 41.0 mm) of the genus Anolis (sensu Poe 2004) that differs from all Mexican and Central American anoles except A. quercorum and a species described below (our Species C of the A. quercorum complex) by having a combination of (1) strongly keeled ventral scales; (2) usually a patch of three greatly enlarged supraocular scales; (3) 10 – 12 rows of slightly to moderately enlarged dorsal scales that are smaller than ventral scales; (4) short hind legs, longest toe of adpressed hind leg usually reaching to ear opening or to a point between ear opening and eye, ratio shank length / SVL 0.23 – 0.25; (5) circumnasal usually in contact with first supralabial; and (6) a large pink dewlap in males and a very small red or pink dewlap in females. Anolis carlliebi differs from A. quercorum and the species described below (our Species C of the A. quercorum complex) in the ranges and average values of several morphometric and pholidotic characters (see Table 9), most obvious in (1) number of middorsal scales in one head length; and (2) ratio shank length / HL. Also, Anolis carlliebi differs from A. quercorum and the species described below (our Species C of the A. quercorum complex) in hemipenis morphology (hemipenis unilobed in A. carlliebi vs. slightly to distinctly bilobed in the other two species) and by substantial genetic distances (see above).	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF85E7757EC3FDAAFEE7C7EA.taxon	description	Description of the holotype. Adult female, as indicated by the shape of the base of tail and the absence of a large dewlap; SVL 45.0 mm; tail incomplete; tail moderately compressed in cross section, tail height 2.2 mm and width 1.8 mm; axilla to groin distance 20.2 mm; head length 11.1 mm, head length / SVL ratio 0.25; snout length 4.9 mm; head width 6.6 mm; longest toe of adpressed hind limb reaching to ear opening; shank length 10.8 mm, shank length / head length ratio 0.97; longest finger of extended forelimb reaching to tip of snout; longest finger of adpressed forelimb reaching to a point 5.3 mm in front of anterior insertion of hind limbs. Dorsal head scales in internasal region keeled, unicarinate; other dorsal head scales rugose or keeled; 6 postrostrals; 6 scales between nasals; 1 elongate prenasal scale on each side, in contact with both rostral and first supralabial; circumnasal separated from supralabial by one scale row; prefrontal depression absent; supraorbital semicircles well developed, narrowly in contact medially; supraorbital disc composed of an oval patch of 3 greatly enlarged, weakly keeled scales; circumorbital row complete on right side, incomplete on left side with on enlarged supraorbital scale in contact with supraorbital semicircles; 3 elongated, strongly overlapping superciliaries, the two anterior ones much larger than posterior one, followed posteriorly by 5 to 6 roundish to squarish scales of moderate size; 1 to 2 rows of small keeled scales extending between enlarged supraorbitals and superciliaries; parietal depression absent; interparietal scale well developed, 1.8 x 1.3 mm (length x width), surrounded by scales of moderate size; 1 scale present between interparietal and supraorbital semicircles; canthal ridge distinct, composed of 3 large (second largest) and 3 small anterior canthal scales; 5 scales present between second canthals; 8 scales present between posterior canthals; 19 (right) – 20 (left) mostly keeled loreal scales in a maximum of 5 horizontal rows; 4 keeled subocular scales arranged in a single row; 6 (right) – 5 (left) supralabials to level below center of eye; 3 suboculars broadly in contact with 4 supralabials; ear opening 0.5 x 1.0 mm (length x height); mental distinctly wider than long, completely divided medially, bordered posteriorly by 4 postmentals, outer ones much larger than median ones, a single small scale interspersed on each side between postmental, infralabial, and mental; 6 infralabials to level below center of eye; one greatly enlarged sublabial on each side; keeled granular scales present on chin and throat; dewlap very small; dorsum of body with weakly keeled, subimbricate, non-mucronate scales; about 18 medial rows slightly to moderately enlarged; largest dorsal scales about 0.39 x 0.34 mm (length x width); about 32 medial dorsal scales in one head length; about 62 medial dorsal scales between levels of axilla and groin; lateral scales keeled, granular and more or less homogeneous in size, average size 0.20 mm in diameter; ventrals at midbody strongly keeled, imbricate, mucronate, about 0.47 x 0.49 mm (length x width); about 22 medial ventral scales in one head length; about 51 medial ventral scales between levels of axilla and groin; 124 scales around midbody; all caudal scales keeled; middorsal caudal scales moderately enlarged, not forming a crest; lateral caudal scales without whorls of enlarged scales, although an indistinct division in segments is discernible; no tube-like axillary pocket present; scales on dorsal surface of forelimb weakly keeled; digital pads dilated, dilated pad about 3 times width of non-dilated distal phalanx; distal phalanx narrower than and raised from dilated pad; 24 (right) – 22 (left) lamellae under phalanges II – IV of Toe IV of hind limbs; 7 (right) scales under distal phalanx of Toe IV of hind limbs. Coloration in life was recorded as follows: Dorsal ground color Drab (19); dorsal surface of head Clay Color (18); with Raw Umber (23) interorbital bar and Cream Color (12) lines from eyes to neck; vertebral region Light Buff (2) with Mars Brown (25) chevrons; dorsal surface of limbs and tail Antique Brown (24); ventral surface of body, limbs and tail Pale Horn Color (11) with Pale Pinkish Buff (3) speckles; dewlap Spectrum Orange (9) with Pale Buff (1) gorgetals; iris Cinnamon-Rufous (31). Coloration after four months preservation in 70 % ethanol was recorded as follows: Dorsal surfaces of head and body Medium Neutral Gray (298) with large confluent Dusky Brown (285) blotches on middorsum and with a Grayish Horn Color (268) postocular stripe, edged with Burnt Umber (48); limb Medium Neutral Gray (298) suffused with Dusky Brown (285); tail Drab (19) with faint Hair Brown (277) vertical bands; ventral surfaces of head, body, limbs, and tail Pale Buff (1) with a suffusion of Medium Neutral Gray (298) on venter; finger and toe pads Vandyke Brown (282). Variation. The paratypes agree well with the holotype in general appearance, morphometrics, and scalation (Table 9). They differ in some scalation characters as follows: The number of slightly to moderately enlarged dorsal scale rows varies from 14 to 20. All specimens have a single elongate prenasal. Suboculars in contact with supralabials (2 – 4 suboculars in contact with 1 – 4 supralabials) in all specimens examined. All males have a pair of greatly enlarged postcloacal scales. The coloration in life of an adult female paratype from Ixtlán de Juárez (GK- 4502, IBH) was recorded as follows: Dorsal ground color Drab (19) with Drab-Gray (256) vertebral line, Olive Brown (278) dots and a Light Buff (2) lateral line; dorsal surface of head Verona Brown (37) with Brussels Brown (33) interorbital bar; dorsal surface of limbs Cinnamon-Rufous (31) with Yellow Ocher (14) bars; dorsal surface of tail Drab (19) with suffusion of Robin Rufous (29); ventral surface of body, limbs and tail Light Buff (2) with Pale Pinkish Buff (3) suffusions; dewlap Orange Yellow (8) grading into Burnt Orange (19) towards front and Pale Buff (1) gorgetals; iris Natal Brown (49). The completely everted hemipenis of UTA-R 52816 (Fig. 57) is a small unilobate organ; sulcus spermaticus bordered by weakly developed sulcal lips and opening into a single apical field; no asulcate processus present; no surface ornamentation discernable.	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF85E7757EC3FDAAFEE7C7EA.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name carlliebi is a patronym honoring Carl S. Lieb who has contributed substantially to our knowledge of Mexican anoles. Natural History Notes. The two SMF type specimens of Anolis carlliebi were collected during a 4.5 hours night search in a pine oak forest at the campus of the Ixtlán University. The specimens were found sleeping on twigs between 0.3 and 1.0 m above the ground. Most of the following is summarized from the information provided in Ramirez-Bautista et al. (2002 a, b). The habitat of Anolis carlliebi includes xerophilic brush land, thorn forest, and deciduous tropical forest, heavily altered in most of the species’ range by human activities. During daytime, this lizard is mostly found on the leaf litter covered floor, but also on rocks and low vegetation. It is also found in disturbed areas, dump-yards, and along house fences, and is easy to spot at night sleeping on shrub twigs. It feeds on small beetles (Coleoptera, family Curculionidae), true bugs (Homoptera, family Cicadellidae), and Hymenoptera (families Ichneumonidae and Braconidae) (Canseco-Márquez & Gutiérrrez-Mayén 2010). The limited available data suggest seasonal reproduction in A. carlliebi (Ramirez-Bautista et al. 2002 b). CansecoMárquez & Gutiérrrez-Mayén (2010) noted that one female collected in May in Santiago Dominguillo laid an egg and that a male collected in October in San Lucas Teteletitlán had enlarged testicles. Ramirez-Bautista et al. (2002 a) reported a male courting a female on a Prosopis tree in September. Canseco-Márquez & Gutiérrrez-Mayén (2010) reported observations of juveniles in November in Santa María Texcatitlán. Geographic Distribution and Conservation. As currently known, Anolis carlliebi is restricted to the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Valley and the adjacent Ixtlán Valley in the northern central portion of the Mexican State of Oaxaca at elevations of 650 to 2,515 masl (Fig. 71). Given its usual abundance wherever this species occurs, it seems justified to classify A. carlliebi as Least Concern based on the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN 2012).	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF8CE76D7EC3FDC4FA49C7B9.taxon	description	Figs. 58 – 64	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF8CE76D7EC3FDC4FA49C7B9.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. SMF 96705, an adult male from Cerro Sacamecates (16.549440 ° N, 95.819820 ° W, WGS 84), 2035 m, Estado de Oaxaca, Mexico; collected 18 June 2013 by Raúl Gómez Trejo Pérez. Field tag number GK- 4549. Paratypes. GK- 4533, GK- 4535, GK- 4543, GK- 4545 – 47, GK- 4550 (IBH uncatalogued), SMF 96706 – 13, same collecting data as holotype. GK- 4535, GK- 4545 (IBH uncatalogued), SMF 96706, 96708 are males, GK- 4533, GK- 4543, GK- 4546 – 47, GK- 4550 (IBH uncatalogued), SMF 96710 – 13 are females. Referred specimens ⎯ Mexico: Oaxaca: Sierra Mixe: Carretera Ayutla-Zacatepec, 1945 m: UTA 51887; Sierra Mixe: 6.9 mi W Zacatepec rd, 1420: KU 224553 – 55; Albarrados, 1768 m: USNM 47391; near Santiago Matatlán, 1870 m: SMF 96459.	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF8CE76D7EC3FDC4FA49C7B9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A small species (our Species C of the A. quercorum complex, see above; SVL in largest male 40.0 mm, largest female 44.0 mm) of the genus Anolis (sensu Poe 2004) that differs from all Mexican and Central American anoles except A. carlliebi and A. quercorum by having a combination of (1) strongly keeled ventral scales; (2) usually a patch of three greatly enlarged supraocular scales; (3) 10 – 12 rows of slightly to moderately enlarged dorsal scales that are smaller than ventral scales; (4) short hind legs, longest toe of adpressed hind leg usually reaching to level of ear opening, occasionally to a point between shoulder and ear opening or to a point between ear opening and eye, ratio shank length / SVL 0.20 – 0.24; (5) circumnasal usually in contact with first supralabial; and (6) a large pink dewlap in males and a very small orange-red dewlap in females (Fig. 58). Anolis sacamecatensis differs from A. carlliebi and A. quercorum in the ranges and average values of several morphometric and pholidotic characters (see Table 9), most obvious in (1) number of middorsal scales in one head length; (2) ratio shank length / HL; and (3) subdigital lamellae on Phalanges II – IV of Toe IV. Also, Anolis sacamecatensis differs from A. carlliebi and A. quercorum in hemipenis morphology (hemipenis slightly bilobed in A. sacamecatensis vs. unilobed in A. carlliebi and distinctly bilobed in A. quercorum) and by substantial genetic distances (see above).	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF8CE76D7EC3FDC4FA49C7B9.taxon	description	Description of the holotype. Adult male, as indicated by almost completely everted hemipenes and presence of large dewlap; SVL 40.0 mm; tail incomplete; tail moderately compressed in cross section, tail height 1.7 mm and width 1.3 mm; axilla to groin distance 17.2 mm; head length 10.2 mm, head length / SVL ratio 0.26; snout length 4.5 mm; head width 6.5 mm; longest toe of adpressed hind limb reaching to ear opening; shank length 9.2 mm, shank length / head length ratio 0.90; longest finger of extended forelimb reaching to tip of snout; longest finger of adpressed forelimb reaching to a point 4.2 mm in front of anterior insertion of hind limbs. Dorsal head scales in internasal region keeled, unicarinate; other dorsal head scales rugose or keeled; 5 postrostrals; 6 scales between nasals; 1 elongate prenasal scale on each side, in contact with both rostral and first supralabial; circumnasal in contact with first supralabial on left side, separated from supralabial by one scale row on right side; scales in shallow prefrontal depression mostly rugose or weakly keeled; supraorbital semicircles well developed, separated medially by one scale row at narrowest point; supraorbital disc composed of 4 to 5 moderately to greatly enlarged, weakly keeled scales arranged in two rows; circumorbital row incomplete, therefore, some enlarged supraorbital scales in contact supraorbital semicircles; 3 elongated, strongly overlapping superciliaries, the two anterior ones much larger than posterior one, followed posteriorly by 5 to 6 roundish to squarish scales of moderate size; 2 to 3 rows of small keeled scales extending between enlarged supraorbitals and superciliaries; parietal depression shallow; interparietal scale well developed, 1.5 x 0.9 mm (length x width), surrounded by scales of moderate size; 2 scales present between interparietal and supraorbital semicircles; canthal ridge distinct, composed of 3 large (second largest) and 3 small anterior canthal scales; 6 scales present between second canthals; 9 scales present between posterior canthals; 17 (right) – 16 (left) mostly keeled loreal scales in a maximum of 5 (right) – 4 (left) horizontal rows; 4 keeled subocular scales arranged in a single row; 5 supralabials to level below center of eye; 2 suboculars broadly in contact with 3 supralabials; ear opening 0.6 x 1.3 mm (length x height); mental distinctly wider than long, completely divided medially, bordered posteriorly by 4 postmentals, outer ones much larger than median ones, a single small scale interspersed on each side between enlarged postmental, infralabial, and mental; 5 (right) – 6 (left) infralabials to level below center of eye; one greatly enlarged sublabial on each side; keeled granular scales present on chin and throat; dewlap large, extending from level below anterior margin of eye to level of chest; 8 – 9 horizontal gorgetal-sternal rows with 9 – 17 scales per row; modal number of marginal pairs 2 – 4; a nuchal crest and a dorsal ridge present; dorsum of body with weakly keeled, subimbricate, non-mucronate scales; about 20 medial rows slightly to moderately enlarged; largest dorsal scales about 0.42 x 0.30 mm (length x width); about 30 medial dorsal scales in one head length; about 63 medial dorsal scales between levels of axilla andgroin; lateral scales keeled, granular and more or less homogeneous in size, average size 0.25 mm in diameter; ventrals at midbody strongly keeled, imbricate, mucronate, about 0.50 x 0.35 mm (length x width); about 28 medial ventral scales in one head length; about 42 medial ventral scales between levels of axilla and groin; 118 scales around midbody; all caudal scales keeled; middorsal caudal scales moderately enlarged, not forming a crest; lateral caudal scales without whorls of enlarged scales, although an indistinct division in segments is discernible; a pair of greatly enlarged postcloacal scales present, about 0.8 mm wide; no tube-like axillary pocket present; scales on dorsal surface of forelimb weakly keeled; digital pads dilated, dilated pad about 3 times width of non-dilated distal phalanx; distal phalanx narrower than and raised from dilated pad; 22 (right) – 20 (left) lamellae under phalanges II – IV of Toe IV of hind limbs; 4 (right) – 5 (left) scales under distal phalanx of Toe IV of hind limbs. The completely everted hemipenis of (Fig. 64) is a slightly bilobate organ; sulcus spermaticus bordered by well developed sulcal lips and opening into a single apical field void of ornamentation; a small asulcate processus and a distinct asulcate ridge present; apex strongly calyculate, truncus with transverse folds. Coloration after six months preservation in 70 % ethanol was recorded as follows: Dorsal surface of head Ground Cinnamon (270); dorsal surface of body Medium Neutral Gray (298) with a suffusion of Ground Cinnamon (270) at middorsum; dorsal surfaces of limbs and tail Medium Neutral Gray (298) with a suffusion of Dusky Brown (285); ventral surface of head Pale Buff (1); ventral surfaces of body, limbs, and tail Smoky White (261); finger and toe pads Vandyke Brown (282); dewlap Light Flesh Color (250) with a suffusion of Pink (242). Variation. The paratypes agree well with the holotype in general appearance, morphometrics, and scalation (Table 9). They differ in some scalation characters as follows: The number of slightly to moderately enlarged dorsal scale rows varies from 12 to 20. All but one specimen have a single elongate prenasal, only GK- 4546 (IBH uncatalogued) has a divided prenasal. Suboculars in contact with supralabials (2 – 3 suboculars in contact with 1 – 4 supralabials) in all specimens examined. Of 14 individuals, the longest toe of adpressed hind leg reaching to shoulder in 7.1 %, to a point between shoulder and ear opening in 71.4 %, to ear opening in 7.1 %, and to a point between ear opening and eye in 14.3 %. All males have a pair of greatly enlarged postcloacal scales (Fig. 9). The coloration in life of an adult male from Cerro Sacamecates (SMF 96706) was recorded as follows: Dorsal ground color Olive Brown (278) with Smoky White (261) lateral line and blotches and Smoky Gray (267) color in vertebral region; dorsal surface of limbs Glaucous (272) with Sepia (279) bands; dorsal surface of head Brownish Olive (276) with Sepia (286) markings and indistinct Olive Brown (278) interorbital bar; ventral surface of body Smoky Gray White (261); ventral surface of limbs and tail Smoky Gray (266) fussed with Smoky White (261); dewlap Pale Rose (231) with Cream White (52) gorgetals. The coloration in life of another adult male from Cerro Sacamecates (SMF 96708) was recorded as follows: Dorsal ground color: Raw Umber (23) grading into Drab (19) in vertebral region and towards tail; Light Buff (2) lateral line and dots; dorsal surface of head Cinnamon-Drab (50); ventral surface of body Pale Buff (1) in limbs and tail suffused with Pale Neutral Gray (296); dewlap Spinel Pink (235) fused with Cream Color (12) and Light Rose (233) around gorgetals; iris Antique Brown (24). The coloration in life of an adult female from Cerro Sacamecates (GK- 4533, IBH) was recorded as follows: Dorsal ground color Drab (19) with a Clay Color (18) vertebral band, a Lavender (202) zigzag line and Fuscous (283) markings; dorsal surface of head Antique Brown (24) with Warm Sepia (40) interorbital bars and markings; dorsal surface of limbs Verona Brown (37) with Dark Neutral Gray (299) indistinct splotches; ventral surface of body, limbs and tail; Cream White (52); dewlap Spinel Pink (235) with Cream White (52) gorgetals; iris Olive (126).	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF8CE76D7EC3FDC4FA49C7B9.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name sacamecatensis refers to the type locality, Cerro Sacamecates, a mountain peak in the southeastern portion of the Mexican State of Oaxaca. Natural History Notes. Individuals of Anolis sacamecatensis were seen in leaf litter and among fallen logs in a pine forest, very common at 2200 masl but less abundant at higher elevations; we did not find any above 2500 masl. On 14 June 2013 at 14: 15 hrs., we found a pair copulating on a fallen pine log above a stream at 2190 masl. Copulation lasted about 1.5 minutes. Geographic Distribution and Conservation. As currently known, Anolis sacamecatensis is restricted to the Pacific versant of the eastern central and southeastern portions of the Mexican State of Oaxaca at elevations between 1870 and 2200 masl (Fig. 71). Given its usual abundance wherever this species occurs, it seems justified to classify A. sacamecatensis as Least Concern based on the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN 2012).	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF94E7657EC3FE2AFEBCC156.taxon	type_taxon	Anolis quercorum Fitch 1978: 6; type locality: “ 26 km SE Nochixtlán (2.5 km NW Cuesta Blanca, Highway 190), Oaxaca, Mexico ”. Holotype: KU 176050. Lieb 1981, Fitch & Hillis 1984, Gorman et al. 1984, Flores-Villela 1993, Flores-Villela & Gerez 1994, Lieb 1995, Liner 2007, Fläschendräger & Wijffels 2009, Flores-Villela et al. 2010, Urbina-Cardona & Flores-Villela 2010, Wilson & Townsend 2010, Wilson et al. 2013, Köhler et al. 2014, Köhler 2014	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF94E7657EC3FE2AFEBCC156.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A small species (SVL in largest male 46.0 mm, largest female 43.5 mm) of the genus Anolis (sensu Poe 2004) that differs from all Mexican and Central American anoles except A. carlliebi and A. sacamecatensis by having a combination of (1) strongly keeled ventral scales; (2) usually a patch of three greatly enlarged supraocular scales; (3) 12 – 20 rows of slightly to moderately enlarged dorsal scales that are smaller than ventral scales; (4) short hind legs, longest toe of adpressed hind leg usually reaching to ear opening or to a point between ear opening and eye, ratio shank length / SVL 0.22 – 0.26; (5) circumnasal usually in contact with first supralabial; and (6) a large pink dewlap in males and a very small pinkish orange-red dewlap in females (Fig. 65). Anolis quercorum differs from A. carlliebi and A. sacamecatensis in the ranges and average values of several morphometric and pholidotic characters (see Table 9), most obvious in (1) number of middorsal scales in one head length; (2) ratio shank length / HL; and (3) subdigital lamellae on Phalanges II – IV of Toe IV. Also, Anolis quercorum differs from A. carlliebi and A. sacamecatensis in hemipenis morphology (hemipenis distinctly bilobed in A. quercorum vs. unilobed in A. carlliebi and slightly bilobed in A. sacamecatensis) and by substantial genetic distances (see above).	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF94E7657EC3FE2AFEBCC156.taxon	description	Description. Anolis quercorum is a small anole (maximum recorded SVL 46.0 mm in males, 43.5 mm in females); dorsal head scales in internasal region smooth to weakly keeled, occasionally strongly keeled, unicarinate, other dorsal head scales smooth to weakly keeled in prefrontal region, in parietal region smooth to rugose; shallow to deep prefrontal depression present, shallow parietal depression; 4 – 7 postrostrals; anterior nasal usually single, exceptionally divided, the lower scale in contact with rostral and first supralabial; 4 – 8 internasals; canthal ridge sharply defined; scales comprising supraorbital semicircles well defined, smooth to strongly keeled, largest scale in semicircles usually subequal or larger than largest supraocular scale; supraorbital semicircles usually broadly in contact, occasionally separated by a complete row of scales; 1 – 4 scales separating supraorbital semicircles and interparietal at narrowest point; interparietal well defined, greatly enlarged relative to adjacent scales, surrounded by scales of moderate size, longer than wide, usually subequal to ear opening; enlarged supraoculars usually a patch of 3 greatly enlarged scales in a single row (occasionally a patch of 4 – 7 moderately to greatly enlarged, somewhat irregular arranged scales in two rows) rugose to weakly keeled, separated from supraorbital semicircles by a complete row of small scales, or these scales narrowly in contact (broadly in contact in SMF 96456); 2 – 3 scales between enlarged supraoculars and superciliaries; usually 2 occasionally 3 elongate superciliaries, anterior one longest, followed posteriorly by a series of 3 – 4 rounded or squarish keeled scales of moderate size; usually 3 enlarged canthals, the second canthal largest; 4 – 9 scales between second canthals; 6 – 10 scales between posterior canthals; loreal region slightly concave, 11 – 29 mostly keeled (some smooth to rugose) loreal scales in a maximum of 3 – 5 horizontal rows; 5 – 7 supralabials to level below center of eye; suboculars keeled, broadly in contact with supralabials (2 – 3 suboculars in contact with 2 – 4 supralabials); ear opening vertically oval; scales anterior to ear opening keeled, juxtaposed, about four times larger than granulars posterior to ear opening; 5 – 8 infralabials to level below center of eye; 3 – 5 postmentals (usually 4), outer pair slightly to distinctly larger than adjacent median postmental scales; 0 – 3 (commonly 0 or 1) enlarged sublabials in contact with infralabials on each side; keeled granular scales present on chin and throat; male dewlap of large size extending onto chest; 7 – 8 horizontal gorgetal-sternal rows with 14 – 18 scales per row; modal number of marginal pairs 2 – 3; female dewlap very small or small; a nuchal crest and a dorsal ridge present in males; scales on middorsum weakly to strongly keeled, subimbricate with rounded posterior margins; 12 – 20 middorsal scale rows slightly to moderately enlarged, with a gradual transition to lateral scales; lateral scales keeled, more or less homogeneous; 48 – 67 dorsal scales along vertebral midline between levels of axilla and groin in males, 49 – 71 in females; 22 – 36 dorsal scales along vertebral midline contained in one head length in males, 22 – 38 in females; ventral scales on midsection larger than largest dorsal scales; scales on midventer usually strongly keeled, imbricate, usually mucronate, occasionally weakly keeled, subimbricate, non-mucronate; 33 – 52 ventral scales along midventral line between levels of axilla and groin in males, 33 – 49 in females; 22 – 40 ventral scales contained in one head length in males, 18 – 28 in females; 106 – 140 scales around midbody in males, 100 – 126 in females; tube-like axillary pocket absent; precloacal scales smooth to weakly keeled; males with a pair of greatly enlarged postcloacal scales; tail moderately compressed in cross section, tail height / tail width 1.15 – 1.79 in males, 1.11 – 1.54 in females; all caudal scales strongly keeled, homogeneous, although an indistinct division in segments is discernible; dorsal medial caudal scale row hardly enlarged, strongly keeled, not forming a crest; scales on anterodorsal surface of brachium subimbricate to imbricate, strongly keeled, unicarinate, non-mucronate; scales on dorsal surface of antebrachium strongly keeled, unicarinate, subimbricate to imbricate, some slightly mucronate; 19 – 26 subdigital lamellae on Phalanges II – IV of Toe IV of hind limbs; 5 – 7 subdigital lamellae on distal phalanx of Toe IV of hind limbs; digital pads dilated, slightly more than twice the size of distal phalanx. In all specimens examined, the longest toe of the adpressed hind leg reaches to level of tympanum or to a point between shoulder and tympanum. Of 14 individuals, the longest toe of adpressed hind leg reaching almost to ear opening in 3.3 %, to ear opening in 60.0 %, and to a point slightly beyond ear opening in 10.0 %. For variation in selected scalation and morphometric characters see Table 9. The coloration in life of an adult male from 2 km SE Cuesta Blanca (SMF 96457) was recorded as follows: Dorsal ground color of body, head, limbs and tail Drab (19); limbs with Tawny Olive (17) bands; tail with Olive Brown (278) bands; ventral surfaces of body, limbs and tail Light Buff (2); dewlap Pale Purple (223) with Pale Pinkish Buff (3) gorgetals; iris Dark Drab (45). The coloration in life of an adult female from 2 km SE Cuesta Blanca (IBH 26982) was recorded as follows: Dorsal ground color Mikado Brown (42) with a suffusion of Cinnamon Brown (43) on head; vertebral line Dark Salmon Color (59) grading into Orange-Rufous (56) on tail and edged by Cinnamon Brown (43) on dorsum; ventral surface of head Light Buff (2) ventral surface of limbs Drab (19); ventral surface of tail Salmon Color (58); dewlap Spinel Pink (235) with Pale Pinkish Buff (3) gorgetals; iris Sprout´s Brown (47). The coloration in life of another adult female from 2 km SE Cuesta Blanca (IBH 26983; Fig. 66 d) was recorded as follows: Dorsal ground color Drab (19) with a weakly defined Medium Fawn Color (257) zigzag band; dorsal surface of limbs True Cinnamon (260) with Cinnamon Drab (259) bands; ventral surface of head and body Pale Buff (1); ventral surface of limbs Pale Pinkish Buff (3); ventral surface of tail Beige (254); iris Sprout´s Brown (47). The almost completely everted hemipenis of SMF 96439 (Fig. 70) is a bilobate organ; sulcus spermaticus bordered by well developed sulcal lips and opening into two apical fields void of ornamentation, one on each lobe; a large finger-like asulcate processus and a weak asulcate ridge present; apex strongly calyculate, truncus with transverse folds.	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF94E7657EC3FE2AFEBCC156.taxon	biology_ecology	Natural History Notes: The habitat of Anolis quercorum is leaf litter in oak forest. Here this typical ground anole can be found in amazing population densities. In the vicinity of the type locality of this species (2 km SE Cuesta Blanca, 17.33065 ° N, 97.158420 ° W, 2250 masl), we saw at least 50 individuals within one hour of searching in a relatively small area (<1 ha). When disturbed, these lizards darted a meter or so across the leaf litter and then usually froze and were well camouflaged against the vivid background colors.	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF94E7657EC3FE2AFEBCC156.taxon	distribution	Geographic Distribution and Conservation. As currently known, Anolis quercorum is distributed on the Pacific versant of the western central and northwestern portions of the Mexican State of Oaxaca at elevations between 1616 and 2250 masl (Fig. 71). Given its usual abundance wherever this species occurs, it seems justified to classify A. quercorum as Least Concern based on the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN 2012).	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF94E7657EC3FE2AFEBCC156.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined — Mexico: Oaxaca: 0.9 mi N (by road) El Cerezal, Sierra Aloapaneca (N of city of Oaxaca) Mex Hwy 175: UTA R- 8421; 2 km SE Cuesta Blanca, 2250 m: IBH 26973 – 76, 26982 – 83, SMF 96441 – 55, 96457 – 58, 96747 – 51, 98021, 98735; 1.7 mi SE Nochixtlán: MCZ R- 133097 – 98; 26 km SE Nochistlán, 2.5 km NW Cuesta Blanca: KU 176051 – 57; 3.5 WSW Tlaxiaco: UTA R- 3568 – 71; 32 mi NW Oaxaca, 2164 m: UMMZ 115057; 32.5 mi NW Oaxaca, 2134 m: UMMZ 112636 (12 specimens); 3.1 km NW Llano Verde: UTA R- 11502 – 03; 5.6 km E Llano Verde: KU 193181, 193188 – 89; 12.8 km W Llano Verde: MCZ R- 171142 – 44; 52 mi N Oaxaca on MEX 190 2.4 mi N El Cumbre: UMMZ 131485 (nine specimens); Hotel Victoria, 1616 m: UTA R- 25789; Oaxaca: FMNH 108789 - 92; Oaxaca Motor Court: Oaxaca City: MCZ R- 86374 – 75; grounds of Oaxaca Port Motel: MCZ R- 79562 – 64; 3 mi N La Heradura: MCZ R- 177946 – 49, 54954 – 58; Tamazulapán del Progreso, 1990 m: IBH 26977, SMF 96438 – 40, 96456; Cerro San Felipe: MCZ R- 93671 – 72; 15 km NW (on road) San Juan del Estado, distrito Etla: MVZ 144181; El Tejocote, 2078 m: UTA R- 25788, 52818 – 23.	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF94E7657EC3FE2AFEBCC156.taxon	discussion	Taxonomy of the Mexican anoles related to Anolis boulengerianus Thominot 1887 Thominot (1887) described Anolis boulengerianus based on three specimens (now MNHN 6554, 1994.1670 – 71; Fig. 72 and 73), examined by GK, from “ Téhuantépec (Mexique). ” For most of the time since its original description, this nominal species had remained in the synonymy of A. nebulosus or A. nebuloides (e. g., Barbour 1934, Smith and Taylor 1950 a, Guibé 1954, Brygoo 1989). Davis (1954) described A. subocularis from “ one mile southwest of Tierra Colorado, 900 ft., Guerrero ” (holotype now TCWC 8675, Fig. 74), examined by GK. In 1978, Fitch described A. isthmicus based on specimens from “ 19.5 km WNW Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, Mexico ” and nearby localities. In his comparisons, he differentiated it from a selection of anole species from southern Mexico, but did not include A. boulengerianus in his considerations. Recently, Nieto Montes de Oca et al. (2014) demonstrated that the type material of A. boulengerianus is conspecific with that of A. isthmicus and therefore synonymized the latter with A. boulengerianus. Because of priority, A. boulengerianus is the valid name for the species previously known as A. isthmicus. For our analysis, we defined three OTUs in this complex: OTU 1 is formed by specimens from south-central and southeastern Guerrero; OTU 2 by specimens from the coastal plain between Huatulco and Puerto Escondido in south-central Oaxaca; and OTU 3 by specimens from the hills west and northwest of Tehuantepec in southeastern Oaxaca. The analysis of the CO 1 and 16 s gene fragments revealed the existence of three genetic clusters (Fig. 75). Genetic distances between our OTUs 2 and 3 are low in both genes (5.7 – 7.7 % in CO 1; 1.5 – 2.8 in 16 s). In contrast, our OTU 1 has a genetic distance to OTU 2 and 3, respectively, of 13.9 – 17.6 (CO 1) and 6.9 – 7.8 (16 s), respectively. We observed differences in male dewlap coloration between OTUs 2 and 3: in OTU 2, the male dewlap is pinkish red without paler areas around gorgetals whereas in OTU 3 the male dewlap is orange yellow with paler areas around gorgetals. Also, the eastern populations (our OTU 3) occur in a much more arid habitat than the western populations (our OTU 2). These findings are evidence for the existence of three species in this complex. Our OTU 1 contains the type locality of A. subocularis and therefore this name has to be applied to this species. The type localities of A. boulengerianus and A. isthmicus, respectively, are both contained in our OTU 3; thus the older name (i. e., A. boulengerianus) is the valid name for this species and the nominal species A. isthmicus remains in the synonymy of A. boulengerianus. No scientific name is available for our OTU 2, and we therefore describe it as a new species below.	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF9FE75F7EC3FB81FE13C07E.taxon	description	Figs. 77 – 83	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF9FE75F7EC3FB81FE13C07E.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. SMF 96266, an adult male from Puerto Escondido, Punta Colorada (15.87038 ° N, 97.10152 ° W, WGS 84), 40 m, Estado de Oaxaca, Mexico; collected 14 November 2012 by Gunther Köhler and Jesús García Grajales. Field tag number GK- 4116. Paratypes. All from Estado de Oaxaca, Mexico: SMF 96267, same collecting data as holotype. IBH 26567, from Puerto Escondido, Universidad del Mar (15.88934 ° N, 97.07703 ° W, WGS 84), 80 m, collected 14 November 2012 by Gunther Köhler and Jesús García Grajales. IBH 26560 – 64, SMF 96263 – 64, from near Huatulco, 15.78191 ° N, 96.16257 ° W, 90 m; collected 12 November 2012 by Gunther Köhler and Raúl Gómez Trejo Pérez. IBH 26993 – 94, SMF 93842 – 43, 96467 – 68 from Parque National Huatulco, 15.73268 ° N, 96.16357 ° W, 10 m; collected 28 February 2013 by Gunther Köhler and Raúl Gómez Trejo Pérez. IBH 26562 – 63, SMF 93842 – 43, 96263 – 64, 96467 are males, IBH 26560, 26564, 26993, SMF 96267, 96468 are females, IBH 26561, 26567, 26569 are juveniles. Referred specimens ⎯ Mexico: Oaxaca: Angeles Bay [Puerto Angel?]: UMMZ 84239; Puerto Angel: KU 38262; Escondido Bay: UMMZ 84238 (four specimens); Cacalotepec: USNM 123703; Potrero Itierba Santa, Plan de la Campana: UIMNH 40932; 5 mi NW Río Canoa, 33 mi ESE Cuajinicuilapa: 174 m: UIMNH 52898; San José Chacalapa, 13 km on road N Pochutla, 230 m: KU 38261, SMF 96265; 8 mi E Pochutla: UIMNH 8903; 6 mi N (on road) Puerto Escondido, 250 m: UMMZ 130953 (two specimens); 1.5 km N San José Chacalapa: TCWC 17348; Mira Leon, 1 mi N Huatulco: UIMNH 8904.	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF9FE75F7EC3FB81FE13C07E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A small to moderate-sized species (SVL in largest male 43.0 mm, largest female 49.5 mm) of the genus Anolis (sensu Poe 2004) that differs from all Mexican and Central American anoles except A. boulengerianus, A. carlliebi, A. quercorum, A. subocularis, and A. sacamecatensis by having a combination of (1) strongly keeled ventral scales; (2) usually a patch of three greatly enlarged supraocular scales; (3) 13 – 20 rows of slightly to moderately enlarged dorsal scales that are smaller than ventral scales; (4) moderately long hind legs, longest toe of adpressed hind leg usually reaching to level of posterior border of eye or beyond, ratio shank length / SVL 0.24 – 0.31; and (5) a large pinkish red dewlap in males and a small red or pink dewlap in females. Anolis immaculogularis differs from A. carlliebi, A. quercorum, and A. sacamecatensis by having longer legs with the longest toe of adpressed hind leg usually reaching to level of posterior border of eye or beyond, ratio shank length / SVL 0.24 – 0.31 (vs. to ear opening or to a point between ear opening and eye, ratio shank length / SVL 0.20 – 0.26). Anolis immaculogularis differs from A. subocularis in male dewlap coloration in life (pinkish red without paler areas around gorgetals in A. immaculogularis vs. pinkish red with paler areas around gorgetals in A. subocularis). Also, in A. immaculogularis, the subocular scales are usually broadly in contact with the supralabials (vs. subocular scales separated from supralabials by one scale row or these scales in contact in A. subocularis). Anolis immaculogularis differs from A. boulengerianus in male dewlap coloration in life (pinkish red without paler areas around gorgetals in A. immaculogularis vs. orange yellow with paler areas around gorgetals in A. boulengerianus).	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF9FE75F7EC3FB81FE13C07E.taxon	description	Description of the holotype. Adult male as indicated by almost completely everted hemipenes and presence of large dewlap; SVL 44.0 mm; tail incomplete; tail moderately compressed in cross section, tail height 1.7 mm and width 1.3 mm; axilla to groin distance 17.7 mm; head length 11.8 mm, head length / SVL ratio 0.27; snout length 5.2 mm; head width 6.9 mm; longest toe of adpressed hind limb reaching to ear opening; shank length 11.8 mm, shank length / head length ratio 1.00; longest finger of extended forelimb reaching to mideye; longest finger of adpressed forelimb reaching to a point 2.5 mm beyond anterior insertion of hind limbs. Dorsal head scales in internasal region keeled, uni- to tricarinate; other dorsal head scales rugose or keeled; 6 postrostrals; 7 scales between nasals; 1 elongate prenasal scale on each side, in contact with both rostral and first supralabial; circumnasal in contact with first supralabial on left side, separated from supralabial by one scale row on right side; scales in moderate prefrontal depression mostly rugose or weakly keeled; supraorbital semicircles well developed, 3 scales of each side in broad contact with each other; supraorbital disc composed of an oval patch of 3 greatly enlarged, rugose keeled scales, arranged in a single row; two complete rows of circumorbital scales separating enlarged supraorbital scale from supraorbital semicircles; 2 elongated, strongly overlapping superciliaries, anterior one much larger than posterior one, followed posteriorly by 3 to 4 roundish to squarish scales of moderate size; 2 to 3 rows of small keeled scales extending between enlarged supraorbitals and superciliaries; parietal depression shallow; interparietal scale well developed, 1.7 x 1.2 mm (length x width), surrounded by scales of moderate size; 1 scale present between interparietal and supraorbital semicircles; canthal ridge distinct, composed of 3 large (second largest) and 4 small anterior canthal scales, posteriormost canthal scale divided on left side; 8 scales present between second canthals; 11 scales present between posterior canthals; 41 (right) – 41 (left) mostly keeled loreal scales in a maximum of 6 horizontal rows; 4 to 6 keeled subocular scales arranged in a single row, one scale horizontally divided on right side; 7 (right) – 6 (left) supralabials to level below center of eye; 1 subocular in contact with 1 supralabial; ear opening 0.5 x 1.1 mm (length x height); mental distinctly wider than long, completely divided medially, bordered posteriorly by 4 postmentals, outer ones moderately larger than median ones; 6 infralabials to level below center of eye; no greatly enlarged sublabials on each side; keeled granular scales present on chin and throat; dewlap large, extending from level below anterior margin of eye to level of chest; 8 – 9 horizontal gorgetal-sternal rows with 8 – 16 scales per row; modal number of marginal pairs 2 – 4; dorsum of body with strongly keeled, subimbricate, non-mucronate scales; about 14 medial rows slightly to moderately enlarged; largest dorsal scales about 0.48 x 0.39 mm (length x width); about 24 medial dorsal scales in one head length; about 37 medial dorsal scales between levels of axilla and groin; lateral scales keeled, granular and more or less homogeneous in size, average size 0.25 mm in diameter; ventrals at midbody strongly keeled, imbricate, mucronate, about 0.55 x 0.40 mm (length x width); about 34 medial ventral scales in one head length; about 40 medial ventral scales between levels of axilla and groin; 106 scales around midbody; all caudal scales keeled; caudal middorsal scales slightly enlarged, not forming a crest; lateral caudal scales without whorls of enlarged scales, although an indistinct division in segments is discernible; a pair of greatly enlarged postcloacal scales present, about 0.9 mm wide; no tube-like axillary pocket present; scales on dorsal surface of forelimb weakly keeled; digital pads dilated, dilated pad about 3 times width of non-dilated distal phalanx; distal phalanx narrower than and raised from dilated pad; 22 lamellae under phalanges II – IV of Toe IV of hind limbs; 7 (right) – 6 (left) scales under distal phalanx of Toe IV of hind limbs. Coloration after eleven months preservation in 70 % ethanol was recorded as follows: Dorsal surfaces of head, body, limbs, and tail Drab (19); eye region Grayish Horn Color (268); ventral surfaces of head and body Pale Buff (1); ventral surfaces of limbs and tail Pale Pinkish Buff (3); finger and toe pads Drab (19); anterior portion of dewlap Salmon Color (251) grading into Pale Buff (1) on posterior portion. Variation. The paratypes agree well with the holotype in general appearance, morphometrics and scalation (see Table 16). Variation was evident in some scalation characters as follows: The number of slightly to moderately enlarged dorsal scale rows varies from 12 to 17. All but one specimen have a single elongate prenasal. Suboculars in contact with supralabials (1 – 4 suboculars in contact with 1 – 5 supralabials) in all specimens examined. Of 14 individuals, the longest toe of adpressed hind leg reaching to a point between ear opening and eye in 14.3 %, to posterior border of eye in 50.0 %, to mideye in 28.6 %, and to anterior border of eye in 7.1 %. All males have a pair of greatly enlarged postcloacal scales. For variation in selected scalation and morphometric characters see Table 10. The coloration in life of an adult male from near Huatulco (SMF 96263) was recorded as follows: Dorsal ground color Cinnamon Drab (50) with Raw Umber (280) chevrons and a Brownish Olive (276) interorbital bar; lateral stripes Tawny Olive (17) edged above and below by series of Hazel (26) streaks; dorsal surface of limbs and tail Drab (19) with Buff (15) bands; ventral surfaces of body, limbs and tail Pale Buff (1) with Burnt Sienna mottling on ventral surface of head; dewlap Pinkish Flesh Color (253) with Pale Buff (1) gorgetals and Pale Pinkish Buff (3) marginal; iris Raw Umber (22). The coloration in life of the dewlap of an adult male from Puerto Escondido (SMF 96266) was recorded as follows: Dewlap ground color Peach Red (70) with Chamois (84) gorgetals and marginals. The coloration in life of and adult female from near Huatulco (IBH 26560) was recorded as follows: Dorsal ground color Drab (19) with Yellow Ocher (14) middorsal stripe and a Clay Color (18) interorbital bar; dorsal surface of limbs Amber (51) with faint Salmon Color (83) grading into Cinnamon-Drab (50) distally; ventral surface of limbs and tail Tawny Olive; dewlap Scarlet (69) with Pale Buff (1) gorgetals and Chamois (84) marginal; iris Burnt Sienna (38). The completely everted hemipenis of SMF 93842 (Fig. 83) is a small, slightly bilobate organ; sulcus spermaticus bordered by well developed sulcal lips and opening into two apical fields void of ornamentation, one on each lobe; a finger-like asulcate processus and an indistinct asulcate ridge present; no surface ornamentation discernible.	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF9FE75F7EC3FB81FE13C07E.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name immaculogularis is a compound adjective derived from immaculosus (Latin for not spotted) and gula (Latin for throat) referring to male dewlap that lacks pale spots around the gorgetals, a diagnostic character to distinguish Anolis immaculogularis from its supposed closest relative, A. boulengerianus. Natural History Notes: Around Huatulco and Puerto Escondido we encountered A. immaculogularis mostly in forest edge situations and in open, bushy forest habitats; here most specimens were found while these were sleeping on branches and leaves at 0.4 to 2.0 m above the ground. Geographic Distribution and Conservation. As currently known, Anolis immaculogularis is restricted to the Pacific versant of the Mexican State of Oaxaca from about the town of Huatulco to at least the region of Puerto Escondido at elevations between 10 and 230 masl (Fig. 76). Given its usual abundance wherever this species occurs, it seems justified to classify A. immaculogularis as Least Concern based on the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN 2012).	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FFA6E7577EC3F968FD6AC222.taxon	description	Figs. 84 – 89	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FFA6E7577EC3F968FD6AC222.taxon	type_taxon	Anolis boulengerianus Thominot, 1887: 182; type locality: “ Téhuantépec (Mexique) ”. Syntypes: MNHN 6554 and 1994.1670 – 71. Smith and Taylor 1950 b, Nieto Montes de Oca et al. 2014	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FFA6E7577EC3F968FD6AC222.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A small to moderate-sized species (SVL in largest male 56.0 mm, largest female 51.0 mm) of the genus Anolis (sensu Poe 2004) that differs from all Mexican and Central American anoles except A. carlliebi, A. immaculogularis, A. quercorum, A. subocularis, and A. sacamecatensis by having a combination of (1) strongly keeled ventral scales; (2) usually a patch of three greatly enlarged supraocular scales; (3) 13 – 20 rows of slightly to moderately enlarged dorsal scales that are smaller than ventral scales; (4) moderately long hind legs, longest toe of adpressed hind leg usually reaching to level of posterior border of eye or beyond, ratio shank length / SVL 0.24 – 0.32; and (5) a large orange yellow dewlap in males and a small orange dewlap in females. Anolis boulengerianus differs from A. carlliebi, A. quercorum, and A. sacamecatensis by having longer legs with the longest toe of adpressed hind leg usually reaching to level of posterior border of eye or beyond, ratio shank length / SVL 0.24 – 0.31 (vs. to ear opening or to a point between ear opening and eye, ratio shank length / SVL 0.20 – 0.26). Anolis boulengerianus differs from A. subocularis in male dewlap coloration in life (orange yellow with paler areas around gorgetals in A. boulengerianus vs. pinkish red with paler areas around gorgetals in A. subocularis) and in hemipenial morphology (hemipenis slightly bilobate with two apical fields void of ornamentation, one on each lobe and with a finger-like asulcate processus and an indistinct asulcate ridge in A. boulengerianus vs. hemipenis unilobate with a single apical field void of ornamentation and without an asulcate processus or asulcate ridge in A. subocularis). Also, in A. boulengerianus, the subocular scales are usually broadly in contact with the supralabials (vs. subocular scales separated from supralabials by one scale row or these scales in contact in A. subocularis). Anolis boulengerianus differs from A. immaculogularis in male dewlap coloration in life (orange yellow with paler areas around gorgetals in A. boulengerianus vs. pinkish red without paler areas around gorgetals in A. immaculogularis).	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FFA6E7577EC3F968FD6AC222.taxon	description	Description. Anolis boulengerianus is a small to moderate-sized anole (maximum recorded SVL 56.0 mm in males, 51.0 mm in females); dorsal head scales in internasal region keeled, uni- to tricarinate, other dorsal head scales mostly keeled in prefrontal and frontal region, smooth or keeled in parietal region; moderately deep prefrontal depression present, shallow parietal depression; 5 – 7 postrostrals; anterior nasal single or divided, the lower scale in contact with rostral and first supralabial; 6 – 8 internasals; canthal ridge sharply defined; scales comprising supraorbital semicircles well defined, weakly keeled, largest scale in semicircles subequal or larger than largest supraocular scale; supraorbital semicircles usually in contact, commonly separated by a complete row of scales; 0 – 2 scales separating supraorbital semicircles and interparietal at narrowest point; interparietal well defined, greatly enlarged relative to adjacent scales, surrounded by scales of moderate size, longer than wide, larger than ear opening; enlarged supraoculars usually a patch of 3 greatly enlarged scales in a single row, usually separated from supraorbital semicircles by a complete row of small scales, or these scales occasionally narrowly in contact; 1 – 3 scales between enlarged supraoculars and superciliaries; 2 or 3 elongate superciliaries, anterior one longest, followed posteriorly by a series of 4 – 5 rounded or squarish keeled scales of moderate size; usually 3 enlarged canthals, the second canthal largest; 6 – 9 scales between second canthals; 7 – 11 scales between posterior canthals; loreal region slightly concave, 20 – 40 smooth to strongly keeled loreal scales in a maximum of 5 – 6 horizontal rows; 6 – 8 supralabials to level below center of eye; suboculars keeled, broadly in contact with supralabials (1 – 3 suboculars in contact with 2 – 4 supralabials); ear opening vertically oval, oriented slightly obliquely; scales anterior to ear opening keeled, juxtaposed to subimbricate, about four times larger than granulars posterior to ear opening; 5 – 8 infralabials to level below center of eye; 3 – 6 postmentals (usually 4), outer pair slightly to distinctly larger than adjacent median postmental scales; 0 – 2 (usually 1) enlarged sublabials in contact with infralabials on each side; keeled granular scales present on chin and throat; male dewlap moderate-sized to large, extending from level below anterior margin of eye to level of chest; 7 – 8 horizontal gorgetal-sternal rows with 8 – 15 scales per row; modal number of marginal pairs 2 – 4; female dewlap very small; a nuchal crest and a dorsal ridge present in males; scales on middorsum strongly keeled, subimbricate with rounded posterior margins; 12 – 18 middorsal scale rows slightly to moderately enlarged, with a gradual transition to lateral scales; lateral scales keeled, granular, usually homogeneous; 45 – 60 dorsal scales along vertebral midline between levels of axilla and groin in males, 48 – 73 in females; 24 – 34 dorsal scales along vertebral midline contained in one head length in males, 24 – 40 in females; ventral scales on midsection slightly to distinctly larger than largest dorsal scales; scales on midventer strongly keeled, imbricate, mucronate; 43 – 57 ventral scales along midventral line between levels of axilla and groin in males, 38 – 54 in females; 30 – 42 ventral scales contained in one head length in males, 22 – 34 in females; 110 – 140 scales around midbody in males, 116 – 126 in females; tube-like axillary pocket absent; precloacal scales weakly to strongly keeled; males almost always with a pair of greatly enlarged postcloacal scales; tail moderately compressed in cross section, tail height / tail width 1.18 – 1.56 in males, 1.19 – 1. 46 in females; all caudal scales strongly keeled, homogeneous, although an indistinct division in segments is discernible; dorsal medial caudal scale row hardly enlarged, strongly keeled, not forming a crest; scales on anterodorsal surface of brachium imbricate, weakly to strongly keeled, unicarinate, slightly mucronate; scales on dorsal surface of antebrachium subimbricate to imbricate, weakly to strongly keeled, uni- to tricarinate, slightly mucronate; 21 – 27 subdigital lamellae on Phalanges II – IV of Toe IV of hind limbs; 6 – 8 subdigital lamellae on distal phalanx of Toe IV of hind limbs; digital pads dilated, about twice the size of distal phalanx. In all specimens examined, the longest toe of the adpressed hind leg reaches to level of tympanum or to a point between shoulder and tympanum. For variation in selected scalation and morphometric characters see Table 10. The coloration in life of an adult male from Santa Cruz Bamba (SMF 96385; Fig. 85 c) was recorded as follows: Dorsal ground color Drab-Gray (256) suffused with Ground Cinnamon (270) on mid-dorsal and Sayal Brown (49) interorbital bar; dorsal surface of limbs Drab (19) with Tawny Olive (17) bars; tail Drab (19) with Cream Color (12) blotches on base of tail and with Grayish Horn Color (268) bands; ventral surfaces of limbs and body Pale Pinkish Buff (3) suffused with Beige (254); ventral surface of tail Drab (19); dewlap Chrome Orange (74) with Light Buff gorgetals; iris Warm Sepia (40). The coloration in life of an adult female from Santa Cruz Bamba (SMF 96719) was recorded as follows: Dorsal ground color Drab (19) with Raw Umber (23) in vertebral region and with Marsh Brown chevrons; dorsal surface of tail Dark Drab (45) with Verona Brown (37) chevrons and an indistinct Pale Pinkish Buff (3) lateral line; dorsal surface of head Drab (19) with Clay Color (20) interorbital bar; dorsal surface of limbs Warm Sepia (40) with Verona Brown bars; ventral surface of body Light Buff (2) with Drab (19) suffusions; ventral surface of limbs Drab (19) with Cream Color (12) suffusions; chin Pale Buff (1) with Drab (19) speckles; dewlap Flame Scarlet (73) grading into Chrome Orange (74) towards posterior margin and Cream White (52) gorgetals; iris Olive (126). The completely everted hemipenis of SMF 96279 (Fig. 89) is a small, slightly bilobate organ; sulcus spermaticus bordered by well developed sulcal lips and opening into two apical fields void of ornamentation, one on each lobe; a finger-like asulcate processus and an indistinct asulcate ridge present; no surface ornamentation discernible.	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FFA6E7577EC3F968FD6AC222.taxon	biology_ecology	Natural History Notes: Anolis boulengerianus inhabits the rocky slopes in dry forest. All individuals of A. boulengerianus were found clinging to trunks and branches of bushes and small trees during daytime, the lizard’s body often oriented horizontally.	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FFA6E7577EC3F968FD6AC222.taxon	distribution	Geographic Distribution and Conservation. As currently known, Anolis boulengerianus is restricted to the hills west and northwest of Tehuantepec in southeastern Oaxaca at elevations between 55 and 1315 masl (Fig. 76). Given its presumably small geographic range, degraded habitat, and threat from deforestation, it seems justified to classify A. boulengerianus as Critically Endangered based on criterion B 1 ab (iii) of the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN 2012).	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FFA6E7577EC3F968FD6AC222.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined ⎯ Mexico: Oaxaca: Cerro Sacamecates, 1315 m: SMF 96719; Tehuantepec: FMNH 108663, MNHN 1994.1670 – 71, 6554; near Tehuantepec, 427 m: FMNH 108664, USNM 46983 – 86; Portillo de la Conception: FMNH 108662, UIMNH 20054; Santa Cruz Bamba, 55 m: IBH 26575, 26990 – 91, SMF 81592, 96197, 96279, 96386, 96752; Mex Hwy 185, 20 km N 7 km E Juchitán de Zaragoza, 200 m: MCZ R- 146493; north of Juchitán: SMF 80763; near Chivela: MCZ R- 25030 – 31; Gingola, 10 km from Mixtequilla: SMF 77184; La Sierra Madre: UIMNH 56172; Pie de la Montana de la Sierra Madre, Zanatepec: UIMNH 56166; 5.3 km (airline) NNW San Pedro Totolapa, 1140 m: SMF 96385.	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FFAEE74D7EC3FB90FB3BC3B1.taxon	description	Figs. 90 – 94	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FFAEE74D7EC3FB90FB3BC3B1.taxon	type_taxon	Anolis subocularis Davis 1954: 3; type locality: “ one mile southwest of Tierra Colorado, 900 ft., Guerrero ”. Holotype: TCWC 8675. Etheridge 1959, Cochran 1961, Davis & Dixon 1961, Smith et al. 1964, Smith & Taylor 1966, Liner & Dundee 1969, Webb & Baker 1969, Fitch & Henderson 1973, Fitch 1976, Fitch et al. 1976, Smith & Smith 1976, Fitch & Hillis 1984, Flores-Villela 1993, Flores-Villela & Gerez 1994, Lieb 1995, Pérez-Ramos et al. 2000, Lieb 2001, Poe 2004, Liner 2007, Urbina-Cardona & Flores-Villela 2010, Wilson & Townsend 2010, Wilson et al. 2013, Köhler 2014, Köhler et al. 2014	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FFAEE74D7EC3FB90FB3BC3B1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A small to moderate-sized species (SVL in largest male 55.0 mm, largest female 47.0 mm) of the genus Anolis (sensu Poe 2004) that differs from all Mexican and Central American anoles except A. boulengerianus, A. carlliebi, A. immaculogularis, A. quercorum, and A. sacamecatensis by having a combination of (1) strongly keeled ventral scales; (2) usually a patch of three greatly enlarged supraocular scales; (3) 13 – 18 rows of slightly to moderately enlarged dorsal scales that are smaller than ventral scales; (4) moderately long hind legs, longest toe of adpressed hind leg usually reaching to level of posterior border of eye or beyond, ratio shank length / SVL 0.25 – 0.31; and (5) a large pinkish red dewlap in males and a small red dewlap in females. Anolis subocularis differs from A. carlliebi, A. quercorum, and A. sacamecatensis by having longer legs with the longest toe of adpressed hind leg usually reaching to level of posterior border of eye or beyond, ratio shank length / SVL 0.25 – 0.31 (vs. to ear opening or to a point between ear opening and eye, ratio shank length / SVL 0.20 – 0.26). Anolis subocularis differs from A. boulengerianus and A. immaculogularis in male dewlap coloration in life (pinkish red with paler areas around gorgetals in A. subocularis vs. pinkish red without paler areas around gorgetals in A. immaculogularis and orange yellow with paler areas around gorgetals in A. boulengerianus) and in hemipenial morphology (hemipenis unilobate with a single apical field void of ornamentation and without an asulcate processus or asulcate ridge in A. subocularis vs. hemipenis slightly bilobate with two apical fields void of ornamentation, one on each lobe and with a finger-like asulcate processus and an indistinct asulcate ridge in A. boulengerianus and A. immaculogularis). Also, in A. subocularis the subocular scales separated from supralabials by one scale row or these scales in contact (vs. subocular scales are usually broadly in contact with supralabials in A. boulengerianus and A. immaculogularis).	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FFAEE74D7EC3FB90FB3BC3B1.taxon	description	Description. Anolis subocularis is a small to moderate-sized anole (maximum recorded SVL 55.0 mm in males, 47.0 mm in females); dorsal head scales in internasal region keeled, uni- to tricarinate, other dorsal head scales mostly keeled in prefrontal and frontal region, smooth or keeled in parietal region; moderately deep prefrontal depression present, shallow parietal depression; 4 – 7 postrostrals; anterior nasal single or divided, the lower scale in contact with rostral and first supralabial; 6 – 8 internasals; canthal ridge sharply defined; scales comprising supraorbital semicircles well defined, weakly keeled, largest scale in semicircles subequal or larger than largest supraocular scale; supraorbital semicircles commonly in contact or separated by a complete row of scales, separated by two rows of scales in one specimen (KU 320871); 0 – 3 scales separating supraorbital semicircles and interparietal at narrowest point; interparietal well defined, greatly enlarged relative to adjacent scales, surrounded by scales of moderate size, longer than wide, larger than ear opening; enlarged supraoculars usually a patch of 3 greatly enlarged scales in a single row, separated from supraorbital semicircles by a complete row of small scales, or these scales narrowly in contact; 1 – 4 scales between enlarged supraoculars and superciliaries; 3 elongate superciliaries, anterior one longest, followed posteriorly by a series of 4 – 5 rounded or squarish scales of moderate size; usually 3 enlarged canthals, the second canthal largest; 5 – 9 scales between second canthals; 7 – 13 scales between posterior canthals; loreal region slightly concave, 21 – 36 strongly keeled loreal scales in a maximum of 5 – 6 horizontal rows; 6 – 8 supralabials to level below center of eye; suboculars keeled, completely separated from supralabials, or these scales narrowly to broadly in contact (1 – 3 suboculars in contact with 1 – 4 supralabials); ear opening vertically oval; scales anterior to ear opening keeled, juxtaposed, about four times larger than granulars posterior to ear opening; 5 – 7 infralabials to level below center of eye; 2 – 6 postmentals (commonly 4 or 5), outer pair slightly to distinctly larger than adjacent median postmental scales; 0 – 2 (commonly 0 or 1) enlarged sublabials in contact with infralabials on each side; keeled granular scales present on chin and throat; male dewlap large, extending from level below anterior margin of eye to level of chest; 7 – 8 horizontal gorgetal-sternal rows with 8 – 14 scales per row; modal number of marginal pairs 2 – 4; female dewlap very small; a nuchal crest and a dorsal ridge present in males; scales on middorsum strongly keeled, subimbricate with rounded posterior margins; 13 – 18 middorsal scale rows slightly to moderately enlarged, with a gradual transition to lateral scales; lateral scales keeled, granular, more or less homogeneous; 36 – 49 dorsal scales along vertebral midline between levels of axilla and groin in males, 36 – 53 in females; 22 – 34 dorsal scales along vertebral midline contained in one head length in males, 22 – 26 in females; ventral scales on midsection larger than largest dorsal scales; scales on midventer strongly keeled, imbricate, slightly mucronate; 35 – 49 ventral scales along midventral line between levels of axilla and groin in males, 32 – 42 in females; 24 – 40 ventral scales contained in one head length in males, 18 – 28 in females; 96 – 134 scales around midbody in males, 96 – 106 in females; tube-like axillary pocket absent; precloacal scales weakly to strongly keeled; males almost always with a pair of greatly enlarged postcloacal scales; tail moderately compressed in cross section, tail height / tail width 1.05 – 1.50 in males, 1.07 – 1.64 in females; all caudal scales strongly keeled, homogeneous, although an indistinct division in segments is discernible; dorsal medial caudal scale row hardly enlarged, strongly keeled, not forming a crest; scales on anterodorsal surface of brachium imbricate, strongly keeled, unicarinate, slightly mucronate; scales on dorsal surface of antebrachium subimbricate to imbricate, strongly keeled, unicarinate, slightly mucronate; 22 – 28 subdigital lamellae on Phalanges II – IV of Toe IV of hind limbs; 6 – 7 subdigital lamellae on distal phalanx of Toe IV of hind limbs; digital pads dilated, about twice the size of distal phalanx. In all specimens examined, the longest toe of the adpressed hind leg reaches to level of tympanum or to a point between shoulder and tympanum. For variation in selected scalation and morphometric characters see Table 10. The coloration in life of an adult male from Acapulco (SMF 96257; Fig. 90 d) was recorded as follows: Dorsal ground color Raw Umber (22) grading laterally into Ground Cinnamon (270) and with Antique Brown (24) chevrons and lateral stripe edged above and below by broken Ferruginous (35) line; dorsal surface of hind limbs Brussels Brown (33) with Cinnamon-Rufous (31) bands; dorsal surface of forelimbs Ground Cinnamon (270) with faint Grayish Horn Color (268) bands; venter Pale Pinkish Buff (3) with Salmon Color (58) stipples in ventrolateral region; chin Cream White (52) with Glaucous (289) Speckles; ventral surface of limbs and tail Ground Cinnamon (270); dewlap Light Mauve (205) grading into Medium Rose (233) with Pale Buff (1) gorgetals; iris Verona Brown (37). The coloration in life of an adult female from near Tierra Colorada (SMF 96262; Fig. 90 g) was recorded as follows: Dorsal ground color Brownish Olive (276) with Sepia (279) indistinct chevrons; dorsal surface of limbs Olive Brown (278); ventral surfaces of body, limbs and tail Pale Buff (1); dewlap Pinkish Flesh Color (253); iris Yellow-Green (103). The completely everted hemipenis of SMF 96257 (Fig. 94) is a small, unilobate organ; sulcus spermaticus bordered by well developed sulcal lips and opening into a single apical field void of ornamentation; no asulcate processus or asulcate ridge present; no surface ornamentation discernible.	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FFAEE74D7EC3FB90FB3BC3B1.taxon	biology_ecology	Natural History Notes: In the area of Acapulco and Tierra Colorada, the habitat of Anolis subocularis is mostly relatively open forest with rocks and boulders on hilly terrain. The lizards we observed were perching head down on up-standing tree trunks and on vertical surfaces of boulders.	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FFAEE74D7EC3FB90FB3BC3B1.taxon	distribution	Geographic Distribution and Conservation. As currently known, Anolis subocularis is restricted to the Pacific versant in the south-central and southeastern portions of the Mexican State of Guerrero and adjacent southwestern Oaxaca at elevations between 10 and 993 masl (Fig. 76). Given its usual abundance wherever this species occurs, it seems justified to classify A. subocularis as Least Concern based on the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN 2012).	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FFAEE74D7EC3FB90FB3BC3B1.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined ⎯ Mexico: Guerrero: 1 mi S El Treinta: FMNH 105055, 105086; 1.3 mi N El Treinta, 700 ft: UMMZ 119077; Acapulco: MCZ R- 32080, USNM 46678; 1.5 mi S Acapulco, 10 m: MVZ 71866; 17.7 mi ESE San Marcos: KU 320878 - 79; 4 mi N Acapulco: FMNH 105063; Río Aguacatillo, 30 mi N Acapulco: TCWC 968; 1 mi SW Tierra Colorada: TCWC 8674 - 75; 4.4 mi (on road) S Tierra Colorada along branch of Río San Miguel: UMMZ 130946; 7.5 mi ESE Marquelia, 18.4 mi E Copala turnoff: KU 320883 - 85; 8.9 mi N Cruz Grande: KU 320870 - 72; Acapulco: USNM 46679, 46755; Acapulco, Jardin Botanico, 250 m: SMF 96257; Acapulco, Zona Arqueológica Palma Sola, 345 m: IBH 26566, SMF 96258; junction Mex Hwy 95 and Rio Papagayo, 183 m: UTA R- 11512; near Palo Gordo, 290 m: IBH 26565, SMF 96261 - 62, 96469; near Tierra Colorada: FMNH 106126 - 30; road from Marquelia to San Luis Acatlán, near Jolotichan, 228 m: SMF 96460 - 66; road to Sitio Arqueológico Tehuacalco, 470 m: SMF 96259; Sitio Arqueológico Tehuacalco, 620 m: IBH 26568, SMF 96260; Tierra Colorada: USNM 133725 - 39; Mex Hwy 200, 11 km ESE Copala, 80 m: MCZ R- 167239 – 41; 2 mi S Garrapates: MCZ R- 56003; Oaxaca: 6 km S of Putla de Guerrero, 993 m: MVZ 106736.	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FFAEE74D7EC3FB90FB3BC3B1.taxon	discussion	Taxonomy of the Mexican anoles related to Anolis nebulosus (Wiegmann 1834) Anolis nebulosus (Wiegmann 1834) was the first Mexican anole species described. No specific type locality was given in the original description. Smith & Taylor (1950 b) restricted the type locality to Mazatlán, Sinaloa. Smith (1939) described Anolis schmidti from “ Manzanillo, Colima, ” Mexico (holotype FMNH 1667). Recently, Nieto Montes de Oca et al. 2013 relegated A. schmidti to the synonymy of A. nebulosus. Since we cannot adequately address the geographic variation in external morphology and molecular genetic data in this species complex at this point, we assign the species name Anolis nebulosus to our samples. However, it is likely that what we call A. nebulosus at this point actually is a complex of several species. A comprehensive study of this species complex is needed in order to clarify the taxonomy of this nominal species.	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FFB4E7467EC3FA30FC17C19C.taxon	description	Figs. 95 – 101	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FFB4E7467EC3FA30FC17C19C.taxon	type_taxon	Dactyloa nebulosa Wiegmann 1834: 47; type locality: “ Mexico ”; restricted to Mazatlán, Sinaloa by Smith & Taylor 1950 b. Holotype: ZMB 527.	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FFB4E7467EC3FA30FC17C19C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A small species (SVL in largest male 43.0 mm, largest female 39.5 mm) of the genus Anolis (sensu Poe 2004) that differs from all Mexican and Central American anoles except A. carlliebi and A. sacamecatensis by having a combination of (1) weakly to strongly keeled ventral scales; (2) usually a patch of three greatly enlarged supraocular scales; (3) 8 – 18 rows of slightly enlarged dorsal scales that are smaller than ventral scales; (4) short hind legs, longest toe of adpressed hind leg usually reaching to ear opening, exceptionally to a point between ear opening and eye, ratio shank length / SVL 0.21 – 0.25; (5) a single elongate prenasal scale; and (6) male dewlap in life orange with or without a white anterior margin. Among the Anolis species treated in this contribution, A. nebulosus is most similar to A. microlepidotus from which it differs in male dewlap coloration (uniform orange or orange with a white anterior margin in A. nebulosus vs. dull orange yellow with paler semicircular streaks and blotches in A. microlepidotus) and larger dorsal scales (number of dorsal scales in one head length 26 - 38, mean 30.0, in A. nebulosus vs. 32 – 48, mean 41.2, in A. microlepidotus).	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FFB4E7467EC3FA30FC17C19C.taxon	description	Description. Anolis nebulosus is a small anole (maximum recorded SVL 43.0 mm in males, 39.5 mm in females); dorsal head scales in internasal region mostly or keeled, in prefrontal, parietal, and frontal areas smooth or rugose; moderately deep prefrontal depression present, shallow parietal depression; 4 – 6 postrostrals; anterior nasal usually single, occasionally divided, the lower scale in contact with rostral and first supralabial; 6 – 7 internasals; canthal ridge sharply defined; scales comprising supraorbital semicircles well defined, posterior ones smooth, anterior ones with a rounded keel, largest scale in semicircles about subequal to largest supraocular scale; supraorbital semicircles usually broadly in contact, occasionally separated by one scale row; 1 – 3 scales separating supraorbital semicircles and interparietal at narrowest point; interparietal well defined, greatly enlarged relative to adjacent scales, surrounded by scales of moderate size, usually longer than wide, much larger than ear opening; enlarged supraoculars usually smooth, occasionally rugose, usually broadly in contact exceptionally separated from supraorbital semicircles by a complete row of small scales; 1 – 2 scales between enlarged supraoculars and superciliaries; 2 elongate superciliaries, anterior one longest, followed posteriorly by a series of 3 – 4 moderatesized keeled, rounded or squarish scales; usually 3 enlarged canthals, the second canthal largest; 4 – 6 scales between second canthals; 6 – 10 scales present between posterior canthals; loreal region slightly concave, 14 – 26 mostly keeled (some smooth or rugose) loreal scales in a maximum of 4 – 5 horizontal rows; 6 – 8 supralabials to level below center of eye; suboculars keeled, in broad contact with supralabials (3 – 4 suboculars in contact with 2 – 5 supralabials); ear opening vertically oval, oriented slightly obliquely; scales anterior to ear opening granulars, about twice as large as those posterior to ear opening; 6 – 9 infralabials to level below center of eye; 4 – 5 (usually 4) postmentals, outer pair usually at least four times larger than adjacent median postmental scales; 0 – 2 (usually 1, commonly 2) enlarged sublabials in contact with infralabials on each side; weakly to strongly keeled granular scales present on chin and throat; male dewlap of large size extending from level below anterior margin of eye to level of chest; 8 – 9 horizontal gorgetal-sternal rows with 8 – 14 scales per row; modal number of marginal pairs 2 – 4; female dewlap very small; a nuchal crest and a dorsal ridge present in males; scales on middorsum weakly to moderately keeled, subimbricate; scales on middorsum keeled, juxtaposed to subimbricate with rounded posterior margins; 8 – 18 middorsal scale rows slightly enlarged, with a gradual transition to lateral scales; lateral scales keeled, granular, usually somewhat heterogeneous, with some slightly enlarged conical scales scattered among granulars; 50 – 62 dorsal scales along vertebral midline between levels of axilla and groin in males, 55 – 71 in females; 26 – 38 dorsal scales along vertebral midline contained in one head length in males, 26 – 30 in females; ventral scales on midsection about twice the size of largest dorsal scales; scales on midventer distinctly keeled, juxtaposed to subimbricate, usually with rounded posterior margins, occasionally slightly mucronate; 46 – 62 ventral scales along midventral line between levels of axilla and groin in males, 52 – 54 in females; 32 – 40 ventral scales contained in one head length in males, 26 – 30 in females; 108 – 136 scales around midbody in males, 110 – 124 in females; tube-like axillary pocket absent; precloacal scales weakly keeled; males with a pair of moderately to greatly enlarged postcloacal scales; tail moderately compressed in cross section, tail height / tail width 1.11 – 1.50 in males, 1.13 – 1.42 in females; basal caudal scales faintly to weakly keeled, all other caudal scales strongly keeled; lateral caudal scales, homogeneous although an indistinct division in segments is discernible; dorsal medial caudal scale row not enlarged; scales on anterodorsal surface of brachium subimbricate to imbricate, strongly keeled, unicarinate, some slightly mucronate; scales on dorsal surface of antebrachium strongly keeled, unicarinate, subimbricate to imbricate, non-mucronate; 19 – 23 subdigital lamellae on Phalanges II – IV of Toe IV of hind limbs; 4 – 6 subdigital lamellae on distal phalanx of Toe IV of hind limbs; digital pads dilated, slightly more than twice the size of distal phalanx. In all specimens examined, the longest toe of the adpressed hind leg reaches to level of tympanum or to a point between shoulder and tympanum. For variation in selected scalation and morphometric characters see Table 11. The coloration in life of an adult male from Acapulco (SMF 96221) was recorded as follows: Dorsal ground color Drab (19) with indistinct Dark Drab (45) chevrons and an Army Brown (46) interorbital bar; lateral surface of body Clay Color (18); Dorsal surface of tail Drab (19) with indistinct Clay Color (18) bands; dorsal surface of hind limbs Olive Brown (278) with Burnt Umber (48) bands; chin Cream White (52) with Grayish Horn Color (268) mottling; ventral surface of body, limbs and tail Chamois (84) but paler with Grayish Horn Color (268) stipples: dewlap ground color Orange Yellow (8) fading into a small Tawny (60) blotch in center and with a Cream White (52) semicircle bordering the frontal edge of the dewlap; iris Raw Umber (280). The coloration in life of an adult male from Agua de Obispo (SMF 96223) was recorded as follows: Dewlap ground color Light Orange Yellow (77) with Pratt´s Rufous (72) oblique lines between gorgetals; gorgetals Cream White (52); iris Brussels Brown (33). The almost completely everted hemipenis of SMF 96221 (Fig. 101) is a small organ with rudimentary lobes; sulcus spermaticus bordered by well developed sulcal lips and opening into a single small apical field void of ornamentation; a finger-like processus present near tip of apex; no surface ornamentation discernable.	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FFB4E7467EC3FA30FC17C19C.taxon	biology_ecology	Natural History Notes: In the area of Agua de Obispo, we collected Anolis nebulosus mostly during our night searches where we encountered these lizards sleeping on low vegetation along the trails at 0.3 to 1.0 m above the ground. In the archaeological site Palma Sola at Acapulco, we observed one specimen crossing the trail in the afternoon. Anolis nebulosus has been shown to vary its foraging sites and feeding rate with seasonal variations in prey abundance (Lister and García Aguayo 1992). Also, preferred niches can vary in the course of the day as demonstrated by the observations by García (2008): The use of litter by Anolis nebulosus was relatively higher during the first hours of the day, whereas this species occupied both low and high perches in similar proportions during the rest of the day. Jenssen (1970 a) reported the mean body temperature in A. nebulosus to be 29.7 ° C. The lizards basked in the early morning hours (06.00 – 10.00 h) and then retired into the shade. The anoles were least active during the warmest part of the day (11.00 – 15.00 h), at which time their body temperatures were over 31.0 ° C. Boyd et al. (2007) reported observations on the stomach contents of 8 specimens of A. nebulosus from Chínipas, Chihuahua, and found that numerically, termites were the dominant prey, but volumetrically grasshoppers were most important. The reproductive season mainly coincides with the wet season (Jenssen 1970 a). Field observations suggest a population turnover of about one year, i. e., few individuals appeared to live more than a year in nature (Jenssen 1970 a).	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FFB4E7467EC3FA30FC17C19C.taxon	distribution	Geographic Distribution and Conservation. As currently known, Anolis nebulosus is distributed along the Pacific versant from the western portion of the Mexican State of Oaxaca to the northern portions of the Mexican States of Sonora and Chihuahua, respectively; in the state of Guerrero it occurs at elevations between 10 and 960 masl (Fig. 102). The taxonomy of this species complex needs to be clarified before the conservation status can be assessed.	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FFB4E7467EC3FA30FC17C19C.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined ⎯ Mexico: “ Mexico ”: ZMB 527; Guerrero: Acapulco: USNM 46680; Acapulco, Zona Arqueológica Palma Sola, 330 m: SMF 96221; Agua de Obispo, 960 m: FMNH 122008, IBH 26551 – 53, 26558, SMF 96223 – 25, 96433, UIMNH 20135, 20137 – 38; Cascada de Santa Cruz El Rincón, 622 m: SMF 96434 – 37; El Rincón: UIMNH 20133; Sitio Arqueológico Tehuacalco, 635 m: SMF 96222.	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FFB4E7467EC3FA30FC17C19C.taxon	discussion	Taxonomy of the Mexican anoles related to Anolis liogaster Boulenger 1905 The species of anoles related to Anolis liogaster (i. e., A. dunni, A. gadovii, A. liogaster, A. omiltemanus, A. peucephilus, and A. taylori) are readily differentiated from all other Mexican and Central American congeners by having (1) smooth ventral scales; (2) an oval patch of usually three greatly enlarged supraorbital scales; (3) a pair of greatly enlarged postcloacal scales in males. In 1905, Boulenger described two new species of anoles: Anolis liogaster based on a series of specimens (syntypes: BMNH 1946.8.8.53 – 54; Fig. 103) from “ Omilteme, Guerrero, 7600 ft. ” and Anolis gadovii based on an adult male specimen (holotype: BMNH 1946.8.13.1; Fig. 104) from “ Tierra Colorada, South Guerrero. ” Smith (1936) described Anolis dunni based on a specimen (now FMNH 100109; Fig. 105) from “ on a boulder in the high mountains, within the evergreen zone, between Rincón and Cajones, Guerrero. ” Smith & Spieler (1945) described Anolis taylori from “ the hills about one mile north of Acapulco, Guerrero ” (holotype: USNM 132358; Fig. 106). In 1954, Davis described Anolis omiltemanus (holotype: TCWC 10278; Fig. 107) from “ two miles west of Omiltemi, 7800 ft., Guerrero. ” Smith (1972) named his new species, Anolis adleri, based on material (holotype: UMMZ 131685; Fig. 108) from “ 2.2 km (by road) W Patio de Aviación, Guerrero, Mexico, 2160 m. ” Nieto Montes de Oca et al. (2013) placed A. adleri in the synonymy of A. liogaster as already suggested by Lieb (1981). Recently, Köhler et al. (2014) described a new species, Anolis peucephilus, from the pine forests of the Sierra Madre del Sur in Oaxaca; holotype SMF 96368 (Fig. 109) from “ ca. 27 km on road N San Gabriel Mixtepec (16.19135 ° N, 97.09820 ° W, WGS 84), 1325 m, Estado de Oaxaca, Mexico. ” The results of our molecular genetic analysis (Fig. 110) indicate several distinct genetic clusters in this complex, most of which can be assigned to species names with certainty (i. e., A. gadovii, A. liogaster, A. omiltemanus, and A. peucephilus,). Specimens assigned to A. taylori form a cluster that is embedded within three clusters of specimens assigned to A. dunni. Relatively low genetic distances separate the four clusters in the dunni / taylori - clade. However, since A. taylori is readily diagnosable from A. dunni on the basis of male body coloration and male dewlap coloration, we recognize both nominal taxa as valid species. But we refrain from recognizing the three clades of dunni - like anoles as three species-level taxa because of the lack of morphological differentiation. Finally, we have examined the holotype of Anolis adleri Smith 1972 (UMMZ 131685; Fig. 108) and agree with Nieto Montes de Oca et al. (2013) that it is conspecific with A. liogaster.	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF48E7B77EC3FF61FE9DC18C.taxon	description	Figs. 112 – 117	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF48E7B77EC3FF61FE9DC18C.taxon	type_taxon	Anolis dunni Smith 1936: 9; type locality: “ on a boulder in the high mountains, within the evergreen zone, between Rincón and Cajones, Guerrero, ” Mexico [now called Agua de Obispo]. Holotype: FMNH 100109 (originally Taylor and Smith collection 1506). Gadow 1905, Mosauer 1936, Taylor 1944, Smith & Spieler 1945, Stuart 1948, Smith & Taylor 1950 a, b, Davis 1954, Stuart 1955, Etheridge 1959, Davis & Dixon 1961, Duellman 1961, 1965, Fitch 1970, Meyer & Wilson 1971, Smith 1972, Fitch & Henderson 1973, Fitch 1976, Fitch & Henderson 1976, Fitch et al. 1976, Smith & Smith 1976, Lieb 1981, Fitch & Hillis 1984, Gorman et al. 1984, Flores-Villela 1993, Flores-Villela & Gerez 1994, Lieb 1995, Liner 2000, Pérez-Ramos et al. 2000, Lieb 2001, Poe 2004, Santamaría & Flores-Villela 2006, Liner 2007, Fläschendräger & Wijffels 2009, Flores-Villela et al. 2010, Urbina-Cardona & Flores-Villela 2010, Wilson & Townsend 2010, Köhler et al. 2013 a, b, Wilson et al. 2013, Köhler 2014, Köhler et al. 2014	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF48E7B77EC3FF61FE9DC18C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A moderate-sized to moderately large species (SVL in largest male 58.5 mm, largest female 51.0 mm) of the genus Anolis (sensu Poe 2004) that differs from all other Mexican and Central American congeners except A. gadovii, A. liogaster, A. omiltemanus, A. peucephilus, and A. taylori by having (1) smooth ventral scales; (2) an oval patch of usually three greatly enlarged supraorbital scales; (3) a pair of greatly enlarged postcloacal scales in males. Anolis dunni differs from A. liogaster, A. omiltemanus, and A. peucephilus by having the middorsal scales not or only 2 - 4 rows slightly enlarged (vs. 10 – 15 rows of dorsal scales moderately enlarged in A. liogaster, A. omiltemanus, and A. peucephilus) and by having a pinkish to orange red male dewlap with semicircular pale streaks and blotches (vs. uniform purple to pink in A. liogaster, and uniform orange yellow in A. omiltemanus and A. peucephilus). Also, A. dunni has longer hind legs than A. omiltemanus and A. peucephilus with the longest toe of adpressed hind leg usually reaching to a point between ear and eye or to posterior border of eye, rarely to ear opening or to mideye (vs. to level of ear opening or to a point between shoulder and ear opening in A. omiltemanus and A. peucephilus) and usually only a single pair of greatly enlarged sublabial scales in contact with infralabial scales (vs. usually two pairs in A. omiltemanus and A. peucephilus). Anolis dunni differs from A. gadovii by having shorter hind legs with the longest toe of adpressed hind leg usually reaching to a point between ear and eye or to posterior border of eye, rarely to ear opening or to mideye (vs. to level of mideye or anterior border of eye in A. gadovii), absence of a bold reticulated body pattern (vs. such a pattern present in A. gadovii), and a pinkish to orange red male dewlap with semicircular pale streaks and blotches (vs. pink to purple in A. gadovii). Anolis dunni differs from A. taylori by the lack of a bold color pattern consisting of contrasting white longitudinal body stripes in large males (vs. such a contrasting pattern usually present in adult males in A. taylori) and by having a red or orange red male dewlap with yellow or whitish markings (vs. red with bold bluish purple semicircular markings in adult males in A. taylori).	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF48E7B77EC3FF61FE9DC18C.taxon	description	Description. Anolis dunni is a moderate-sized anole (maximum recorded SVL 58.5 mm in males, 51.0 mm in females); dorsal head scales in internasal region mostly strongly keeled, some rugose or weakly keeled, other dorsal head scales mostly smooth to rugose; moderately deep prefrontal depression present, shallow to moderate parietal depression; 5 – 6 postrostrals; anterior nasal usually single, occasionally divided, the lower scale in contact with rostral and first supralabial; 6 – 8 internasals; canthal ridge sharply defined; scales comprising supraorbital semicircles well defined, forming a rounded ridge, especially anteriorly, largest scale in semicircles larger than largest supraocular scale; supraorbital semicircles broadly in contact; 0 – 3 scales separating supraorbital semicircles and interparietal at narrowest point; interparietal well defined, greatly enlarged relative to adjacent scales, surrounded by scales of moderate size, usually longer than wide, larger than ear opening; enlarged supraoculars separated from supraorbital semicircles by one or two complete row (s) of small scales, or these scales broadly in contact; 2 – 3 rows of granular scales between enlarged supraoculars and superciliaries; 2 – 3 elongate superciliaries, anterior one longest, followed posteriorly by a series of 5 – 6 rounded or squarish keeled scales of moderate size; usually 3 enlarged canthals, the second canthal largest; 5 – 9 scales between second canthals; 7 – 10 scales present between posterior canthals; loreal region slightly concave, 18 – 36 mostly keeled (some smooth or rugose) loreal scales in a maximum of 4 – 6 (usually 5) horizontal rows; 5 – 8 supralabials to level below center of eye; suboculars keeled, in broad contact with supralabials (1 – 4 suboculars in contact with 2 – 4 supralabials); ear opening vertically oval, oriented slightly obliquely; scales anterior to ear opening smooth or keeled granulars, at least twice as large than those posterior to ear opening; 5 – 7 infralabials to level below center of eye; 2 – 6 (usually 4) postmentals, outer pair at least four times larger than adjacent median postmental scales; one to two enlarged sublabials in contact with infralabials on each side; faintly keeled granular scales present on chin and throat; male dewlap large extending from level below anterior margin of eye to level of chest; 9 – 10 horizontal gorgetal-sternal rows with 8 – 15 scales per row; modal number of marginal pairs 2 – 4; female dewlap absent or very small to small; a nuchal crest and a dorsal ridge present in males; scales on middorsum subimbricate, weakly keeled, with rounded posterior margins, grading into smaller granular lateral scales; 2 – 6 middorsal scale rows slightly to moderately enlarged; lateral scales more or less homogeneous; 58 – 80 dorsal scales along vertebral midline between levels of axilla and groin in males, 51 – 80 in females; 32 – 48 dorsal scales along vertebral midline contained in one head length in males, 26 – 42 in females; ventral scales on midsection about twice the size of largest dorsal scales; scales on midventer smooth, flat, usually subimbricate with rounded posterior margins, slightly heterogeneous in size; 46 – 64 ventral scales along midventral line between levels of axilla and groin in males, 37 – 64 in females; 32 – 44 ventral scales contained in one head length in males, 22 – 40 in females; 122 – 162 scales around midbody in males, 118 – 150 in females; tube-like axillary pocket absent; precloacal scales smooth; males with a pair of greatly enlarged postcloacal scales; tail moderately compressed in cross section, tail height / tail width 1.13 – 1.48 in males, 1.19 – 1.60 in females; basal subcaudal scales usually smooth, occasionally faintly keeled; lateral caudal scales keeled, homogeneous, although an indistinct division in segments is discernible; dorsal medial caudal scale row slightly enlarged, keeled, not forming a crest; scales on anterodorsal surface of brachium and on dorsal surface of antebrachium subimbricate to imbricate, weakly keeled, unicarinate; 22 – 29 subdigital lamellae on Phalanges II – IV of Toe IV of hind limbs; 5 – 8 subdigital lamellae on distal phalanx of Toe IV of hind limbs; digital pads dilated, 3 to 4 times the width of distal phalanx. In the specimens examined, the longest toe of the adpressed hind leg reaches to level of between beyond tympanum and anterior border of eye. For variation in selected scalation and morphometric characters see Table 12. The coloration in life of an adult male (SMF 96373) from near Santa Cruz El Rincón was recorded as follows: Dorsal surface of head Brown Cinnamon (270); dorsal surface of body Grayish Horn Color (268) grading into Glaucous (272) in vertebral area and Cream White (52) lateral spots that are edged by Dark Salmon Color (59); ventral surface of body, limbs and tail Cream White (52); dewlap Geranium (66); iris Tawny Olive (17). The coloration in life of the iris and dewlap of another adult male (SMF 96238) from Chilpancingo was recorded as follows: Dewlap ground color Peach Red (70) with Carmine (64) semicircular bands and a Salmon Color (251) in edge; iris Cinnamon Brown (43). The coloration in life of another adult male (IBH 26593) from Agua de Obispo was recorded as follows: Dorsal surfaces of head and body Sayal Brown (41) with suffusions of Natal Brown (49); lateral line Cream White (52) edged by Mikado Brown (42); dorsal surfaces of limbs Natal Brown (49) ventral surfaces of body Straw Yellow (53) with Cinnamon-Drab (50) suffusions; ventral surface of limbs Antique Brown (24); sub-ocular region Cream White (52); dewlap Dark Salmon Color (252) with Poppy Red (63) semicircular stripes; iris True Cinnamon (260). The coloration in life of another adult male (SMF 96190) from Agua de Obispo was recorded as follows: Dorsal ground color of head and body Sayal Brown (41) with Dark Brownish Olive (127) zigzag band and an Army Brown (46) interorbital bar; lateral stripe Cream, White (52); dorsal surface of tail Pale Cinnamon (55) with Vandyke Brown (282) bands; dorsal surface of limbs Dark Drab (45) with Sepia (279) bands; ventral surface of head Light Buff (2) with Glaucous (289) reticulations; ventral surface of body, limbs and tail Beige (254); dewlap Medium Chrome Orange (75) with Pratt´s Rufous (72) semicircular stripes; iris Warm Sepia (40). The coloration in life of another adult male (SMF 96252) from near Chilpancingo was recorded as follows: Dorsal ground color Cinnamon Drab (50) with mid-dorsal suffusions of Mikado Brown (42): lateral stripe Pale Buff (1) edged above and below by Chestnut (30); two series of Pale Buff (1) ocelli surrounded by Robin Rufous (29); ventral surface of head, body, limbs and tail Light Buff (2) with a suffusion of Drab (19); dewlap Burnt Orange (10) with indistinct ill-defined paler half-moon shaped markings; iris Warm Sepia (40). The coloration in life of the dewlap of another adult male (SMF 96253) from near Chilpancingo was recorded as follows: Dewlap Burnt Orange (10) with Spectrum Orange (9) half-moon shaped markings. The coloration in life of an adult female (IBH 26588) from Agua de Obispo was recorded as follows: Dorsal ground color Cinnamon Brown (43) with mid-dorsal Fuscous (283) vertebral splotches; lateral side of body Cinnamon (255) with Beige (254) line; dorsal surface of limbs Natal Brown (49) with Mahogany Red (34) bars; dorsal surface of head Mikado Brown (42) with suffusions of Cinnamon-Drab (50) and Cinnamon Brown (43) and with a Burnt Umber (48) interorbital bar; chin Cinnamon-Drab (50) with Hair Brown (277) Mottling; venter Chamois (84) with suffusions of Flesh Color (249) and Hair Brown (277) stipples; ventral surface of limbs Ground Cinnamon (270) and ventral surface of tail Drab (19); sub-ocular region Cream Color (12); dewlap Burnt Orange (10) with Cream Yellow (82) gorgetals; iris Chestnut (30). The coloration in life of another adult female (SMF 96191) from Agua de Obispo was recorded as follows: Dorsal surfaces of head and body Sayal Brown (41) with suffusions of Army Brown (46): dorsal surfaces of limbs Mikado Brown (42) grading into Prout’s Brown (47) with Ferruginous (35) bands; ventral surface of body and head Cream White (52) with Dark Yellow Buff (54) and Dark Drab (45) suffusions; ventral surface of limbs Burnt Sienna (38); lateral line Pale Cinnamon (53); subocular region Straw Yellow (53); dewlap Light Pratt´s Rufous (71); iris Buff (15). The coloration in life o another adult female (SMF 96239) from Chilpancingo was recorded as follows: Dorsal surfaces of head and body Ground Cinnamon (270) with Grayish Horn Color (268) suffusions; lateral line Smoky Gray (266); dorsal surface of limbs Olive Brown (278) with Raw Umber (280) bands; venter Cream White (52) with Russet (44) suffusions; ventral surface of limbs Cinnamon Drab (50) with Cinnamon Brown (43) suffusions. The coloration in life of another adult female (IBH 26589) from near Chilpancingo was recorded as follows: Dorsal ground color Sayal Brown (41) with Vandyke Brown (282) chevrons and with Buff (5) indistinct lateral stripe; A Raw Umber (22) lyre form marking in occipital area; sub-ocular region Pale Pinkish Buff (3); ventral surface of head and body Light Buff (2) with Chestnut (30) and Fresh Ocher (57) stipples on chin; ventral surfaces of limbs and tail Pale Pinkish Buff (3) suffused with Drab (19); dewlap Burnt Orange (10) with a slightly paler basal blotch; iris Warm Sepia (40). The completely everted hemipenis of SMF 96253 (Fig. 117) is a moderate-sized, bilobate organ; sulcus spermaticus bordered by well developed sulcal lips and opening into two apical fields void of ornamentation, one on each lobe; a low asulcate processus near tip of apex and a low asulcate ridge present; no surface ornamentation discernible.	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF48E7B77EC3FF61FE9DC18C.taxon	biology_ecology	Natural History Notes: We found Anolis dunni both in pristine and in disturbed habitats; some individuals were even collected within the city of Chilpancingo where these lizards perched on wooden walls used for backyard fencing. At night, A. dunni was found sleeping on bushes and branches of trees at 0.5 – 3.0 m above the ground; also, we collected sleeping individuals of this species on the vertical concrete walls of a house in a rural area.	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF48E7B77EC3FF61FE9DC18C.taxon	distribution	Geographic Distribution and Conservation. As currently known, Anolis dunni is distributed on the Pacific versant from the southern central portion of the Mexican State of Guerrero to extreme western Michoacán at elevations between 628 and 1710 masl (Fig. 111). Given its usual abundance wherever this species occurs, it seems justified to classify A. dunni as Least Concern based on the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN 2012).	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF48E7B77EC3FF61FE9DC18C.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined ⎯ Mexico: Guerrero: Acahuizotla, 1067 m: KU 87309, MCZ R- 78696 – 98, USNM 47753; Agua de Obispo, 960 m: FMNH 100109, 116751, IBH 26588, 26591 – 93, KU 87306 – 08, MCZ R- 78722 – 23, SMF 96190 – 94, 96371 – 72, 96379 – 81; mountains near Agua de Obispo, km marker 350 – 353, 1010 m: UIMNH 20125; Cascada Iliatenco, 1185 m: SMF 96374 – 77; Río la Tejería, near Santa Cruz El Rincón, 628 m: SMF 96373; 7.1 mi S Puerto Gallo, 1710 m: UMMZ 130983; A. Malpais, S of Chilpancingo, 1235 m: UIMNH 20126; 1 mi SW Colotlipan: MCZ R- 78719 – 21; Chilpancingo, 1290 m: SMF 96238 – 39; Petaquillas, near Chilpancingo, 1250 m: IBH 26589 – 90, SMF 96252 – 54; Presa El Molino, near Tixtla, 1540 m: IBH 26594, 26611, SMF 96255 – 56.	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF4FE7AC7EC3FF61FCD3C36A.taxon	description	Figs. 118 – 123	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF4FE7AC7EC3FF61FCD3C36A.taxon	type_taxon	Anolis taylori Smith and Spieler 1945: 165; type locality: “ in the hills about one mile north of Acapulco, Guerrero, ” Mexico. Holotype: USNM 132358. Smith & Taylor 1950 a, b, Davis 1954, Etheridge 1959, Cochran 1961, Shelford 1963, Smith et al. 1964, Duellman 1965, Smith 1972, Smith et al. 1972, Fitch & Henderson 1973, Fitch 1976, Fitch & Henderson 1976, Fitch et al. 1976, Smith & Smith 1976, Lieb 1981, Fitch & Hillis 1984, Gorman et al. 1984, Flores-Villela 1993, FloresVillela & Gerez 1994, Lieb 1995, Liner 2000, Pérez-Ramos et al. 2000, Lieb 2001, Poe 2004, Liner 2007, Fläschendräger & Wijffels 2009, Losos 2009, Urbina-Cardona & Flores-Villela 2010, Wilson & Townsend 2010, Köhler et al. 2013 a, b, Wilson et al. 2013, Köhler 2014, Köhler et al. 2014	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF4FE7AC7EC3FF61FCD3C36A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A moderate-sized to moderately large species (SVL in largest male 73.0 mm, largest female 58.0 mm) of the genus Anolis (sensu Poe 2004) that differs from all other Mexican and Central American congeners except A. dunni, A. gadovii, A. liogaster, A. omiltemanus, and A. peucephilus by having (1) smooth ventral scales; (2) an oval patch of usually three greatly enlarged supraorbital scales; (3) a pair of greatly enlarged postcloacal scales in males. Anolis taylori differs from A. liogaster, A. omiltemanus, and A. peucephilus by having the middorsal scales not or only 2 - 4 rows slightly enlarged (vs. 10 – 15 rows of dorsal scales moderately enlarged in A. liogaster, A. omiltemanus, and A. peucephilus) and by having a pinkish to orange red male dewlap with semicircular pale streaks and blotches (vs. uniform purple to pink in A. liogaster, and uniform orange yellow in A. omiltemanus and A. peucephilus). Also, A. taylori has longer hind legs than A. omiltemanus and A. peucephilus with the longest toe of adpressed hind leg usually reaching to a point between ear and eye or to posterior border of eye, rarely to ear opening or to mideye (vs. to level of ear opening or to a point between shoulder and ear opening in A. omiltemanus and A. peucephilus) and usually only a single pair of greatly enlarged sublabial scales in contact with infralabial scales (vs. usually two pairs in A. omiltemanus and A. peucephilus). Anolis taylori differs from A. gadovii by having shorter hind legs with the longest toe of adpressed hind leg usually reaching to a point between ear and eye or to posterior border of eye, rarely to ear opening or to mideye (vs. to level of mideye or anterior border of eye in A. gadovii), absence of a bold reticulated body pattern (vs. such a pattern present in A. gadovii), and a pinkish to orange red male dewlap with semicircular pale streaks and blotches (vs. pink to purple in A. gadovii). Anolis taylori differs from A. dunni by exhibiting a bold color pattern consisting of contrasting white longitudinal body stripes in large males (vs. no such contrasting pattern present in A. dunni) and by having a red dewlap with bold bluish purple semicircular markings in adult males (vs. red or orange red male dewlap with yellow or whitish markings in A. dunni).	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF4FE7AC7EC3FF61FCD3C36A.taxon	description	Description. Anolis taylori is a moderate-sized – moderately large anole (maximum recorded SVL 73.0 mm in males, 58.0 mm in females); dorsal head scales in internasal region mostly strongly keeled, some rugose or weakly keeled; other dorsal head scales mostly smooth to rugose; moderately deep prefrontal depression present, shallow to moderate parietal depression; 5 – 7 postrostrals; anterior nasal usually single, occasionally divided, the lower scale in contact with rostral and first supralabial or, exceptionally, only with rostral scale; usually 7 – 8, exceptionally 9 internasals; canthal ridge sharply defined; scales comprising supraorbital semicircles well defined, with pronounced longitudinal ridge, largest scale in semicircles larger than largest supraocular scale; supraorbital semicircles broadly in contact; 0 – 3 scales separating supraorbital semicircles and interparietal at narrowest point; interparietal well defined, greatly enlarged relative to adjacent scales, surrounded by scales of small to moderate size, longer than wide, larger than ear opening; enlarged supraoculars separated from supraorbital semicircles by a complete row of small scales or circumorbital row incomplete with one or two enlarged supraoculars in contact with supraorbital semicircles; 3 – 4 rows of granular scales between enlarged supraoculars and superciliaries; 2 – 3 elongate superciliaries, anterior one longest, followed posteriorly by a series of 5 – 6 rounded or squarish keeled scales of moderate size; usually 3 enlarged canthals, the second canthal largest; 4 – 9 scales between second canthals; 6 – 12 scales present between posterior canthals; loreal region slightly concave, 19 – 42 mostly keeled (some smooth or rugose) loreal scales in a maximum of 4 – 6 (usually 5 – 6) horizontal rows; 6 – 9 supralabials to level below center of eye; suboculars keeled, in broad contact with supralabials (2 – 4 suboculars in contact with 2 – 4 supralabials); ear opening vertically oval, oriented slightly obliquely; scales anterior to ear opening smooth or keeled granulars, twice as large than those posterior to ear opening; 5 – 8 infralabials to level below center of eye; 4 – 7 (usually 4) postmentals, outer pair at least four times larger than adjacent median postmental scales; one to two enlarged sublabials in contact with infralabials on each side; faintly keeled granular scales present on chin and throat; male dewlap large extending from level below anterior margin of eye to level of chest; 10 – 12 horizontal gorgetal-sternal rows with 10 – 16 scales per row; modal number of marginal pairs 2 – 4; female dewlap absent or very small to small; a nuchal crest and a dorsal ridge present in males; scales on middorsum subimbricate, weakly keeled, with rounded posterior margins, grading into smaller granular lateral scales; 0 – 6 middorsal scale rows slightly to moderately enlarged, often two vertebral rows larger than adjacent rows; lateral scales more or less homogeneous; 69 – 101 dorsal scales along vertebral midline between levels of axilla and groin in males, 72 – 105 in females; 38 – 52 dorsal scales along vertebral midline contained in one head length in males, 36 – 54 in females; ventral scales on midsection about twice the size of largest dorsal scales; scales on midventer smooth, flat, subimbricate to imbricate with rounded posterior margins, slightly heterogeneous in size; 64 – 73 ventral scales along midventral line between levels of axilla and groin in males, 50 – 72 in females; 42 – 60 ventral scales contained in one head length in males, 28 – 46 in females; 164 – 188 scales around midbody in males, 150 – 168 in females; tube-like axillary pocket absent; precloacal scales smooth; males with two greatly enlarged postcloacal scales; tail moderately compressed in cross section, tail height / tail width 1.35 – 1.70 in males, 1.17 – 1.44 in females; basal subcaudal scales usually smooth, occasionally faintly keeled; lateral caudal scales keeled, homogeneous, although an indistinct division in segments is discernible; dorsal medial caudal scale row slightly enlarged, keeled, not forming a crest; scales on anterodorsal surface of brachium and on dorsal surface of antebrachium subimbricate to imbricate, weakly keeled, unicarinate; 25 – 32 subdigital lamellae on Phalanges II – IV of Toe IV of hind limbs; 6 – 9 subdigital lamellae on distal phalanx of Toe IV of hind limbs; digital pads dilated, 3 to 4 times the width of distal phalanx. In all specimens examined, the longest toe of the adpressed hind leg reaches to level of between beyond tympanum and anterior border of eye. For variation in selected scalation and morphometric characters see Table 12. The coloration in life of an adult male (SMF 96269) from the Acapulco region was recorded as follows: Ground color of dorsal surfaces Drab (19) with paravertebral accumulation of Cinnamon Rufous (31); lateral stripe Cream White (52) edged with Brick Red (36); dorsolateral surface of tail Tawny Olive (17) with Drab (19) indistinct bands; dorsal surfaces of limbs and head with Cream White (52) molding and a narrow Tawny (60) interorbital bar; chin Drab Gray (256) with Smokey Gray (267) suffusions; venter Cream White (52) with a suffusion of Drab-Gray (256); ventral surface of limbs Cinnamon-Drab (259); ventral surface of tail Drab-Gray (256); dewlap Brick Red (36) with Lavender Blue (195) semicircular bands and gorgetals; iris Warm Sepia (40). The coloration in life of the dewlap of another adult male (SMF 96271) from the Acapulco region was recorded as follows: Ground color Carmine (64) with an upper Dark Carmine (61) semicircle and a lower and bigger Lavender Blue (195) semicircles. The coloration in life of an adult female (SMF 96270; Fig. 119 f) from the Acapulco region was recorded as follows: Dorsal ground color Sayal Brown (41) with Olive Horn Color (16) lateral stripe and indistinct Clay Color (18) chevrons and a Cinnamon (21) interorbital bar; dorsal surfaces of limbs Ground Cinnamon (270) with Robin Rufous (29) bars and blotches; dorsal and lateral surfaces of tail Raw Umber (22) with Burnt Umber (48) narrow bands; ventral surfaces of tail and limbs Cinnamon Drab (50); ventral surface of body Cram White; dewlap Crimson (62); iris Warm Sepia (40). The completely everted hemipenis of SMF 96272 (Fig. 123) is a moderate-sized, bilobate organ; sulcus spermaticus bordered by well developed sulcal lips and opening into two apical fields void of ornamentation, one on each lobe; a low asulcate processus near tip of apex and a low asulcate ridge present; apex, except for apical fields, strongly calyculate; asulcate ridge and truncus with transverse folds.	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF4FE7AC7EC3FF61FCD3C36A.taxon	biology_ecology	Natural History Notes: We encountered Anolis taylori mostly in forested and semiforested habitats such as the archaeological site of Palma Sola and in the Botanical Garden of Acapulco. The population density of A. taylori in the Botanical Garden appeared to be quite high; in less than one hour we counted more than 30 individuals. These mostly perched head down on standing tree trunks. We did not observe signs for affinities to rocks in this species although big rocks and boulders were abundant in the species’ habitat in the Acapulco region. This somewhat contrasts the observations by Fitch and Henderson (1976) who classified this lizard as a rock anole.	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF4FE7AC7EC3FF61FCD3C36A.taxon	distribution	Geographic Distribution and Conservation. As currently known, Anolis taylori is restricted to the hills around the city of Acapulco on the Pacific versant in the southern central portion of the Mexican State of Guerrero at elevations between 250 and 330 masl (Fig. 111). Given its usual abundance wherever this species occurs, it seems justified to classify A. taylori as Least Concern based on the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN 2012).	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF4FE7AC7EC3FF61FCD3C36A.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined ⎯ Mexico: Guerrero: 1 mi W Puerto Marquéz: KU 320902 – 08; Acapulco: USNM 132358 – 61; near Acapulco: FMNH 116741 – 43, 116746 – 48, 116750, 116752, 116754 – 56, 116759, 116762 – 65, 116767, MCZ R- 58225 – 26, UIMNH 20099, 20101 – 02, 20104, 20106; Acapulco, Jardin Botanico, 250 m: IBH 26597, 26602 – 03, SMF 96268 – 74; Acapulco, Zona Arqueológica Palma Sola, 330 m: IBH 26595 – 96, 26598, 26604; 0.5 mi S Las Cruces: KU 320889 – 93; 19.2 mi S Puerto Gallo, 1020 m: UMMZ 130984; 2 km E Río Santiago, 25 km NE Atoyac, 805 m: MVZ 106349 – 52.	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF55E7A57EC3FA58FDF1C1F0.taxon	description	Figs. 124 – 129	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF55E7A57EC3FA58FDF1C1F0.taxon	type_taxon	Anolis gadovii Boulenger 1905: 245; type locality: “ Tierra Colorada, South Guerrero, ” Mexico. Holotype: BMNH 1946.8.13.1. Gadow 1905, Barbour 1934, Mosauer 1936, Smith 1936, Smith & Spieler 1945, Smith & Taylor 1950 a, b, Smith 1972, Smith & Smith 1973, Fitch 1976, Fitch & Henderson 1976, Fitch et al. 1976, Smith & Smith 1976, Flores-Villela & Gerez 1994, Pérez-Ramos et al. 2000, Liner 2007, Köhler et al. 2013 a, Köhler 2014, Köhler et al. 2014	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF55E7A57EC3FA58FDF1C1F0.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A moderate-sized to moderately large species (SVL in largest male 76.0 mm, largest female 63.0 mm) of the genus Anolis (sensu Poe 2004) that differs from all other Mexican and Central American congeners except A. dunni, A. liogaster, A. omiltemanus, and A. peucephilus by having (1) smooth ventral scales; (2) an oval patch of usually three greatly enlarged supraorbital scales; (3) a pair of greatly enlarged postcloacal scales in males. Anolis gadovii is unique among the Mexican and Central American anole species in exhibiting a bold pattern of dark brown blotches and lines on the head and body. Anolis gadovii differs from A. liogaster, A. omiltemanus, and A. peucephilus by having the middorsal scales not or only 2 - 4 rows slightly enlarged (vs. 10 – 15 rows of dorsal scales moderately enlarged in A. liogaster, A. omiltemanus, and A. peucephilus). Also, A. gadovii has longer hind legs than A. omiltemanus and A. peucephilus with the longest toe of adpressed hind leg reaching to level of mideye or anterior border of eye (vs. to level of ear opening or to a point between shoulder and ear opening in A. omiltemanus and A. peucephilus), and a pink to purple male dewlap (vs. uniform orange yellow in A. omiltemanus and A. peucephilus), and usually only a single pair of greatly enlarged sublabial scales in contact with infralabial scales (vs. usually two pairs in A. omiltemanus and A. peucephilus). Aside from its bold reticulated pattern, A. gadovii differs from A. dunni by longer hind legs with the longest toe of adpressed hind leg reaching to level of mideye or anterior border of eye (vs. to a point between ear and eye or to posterior border of eye, rarely to ear opening or to mideye in A. dunni) and a pink to purple male dewlap (vs. pinkish to orange red with semicircular pale streaks and blotches in A. dunni).	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF55E7A57EC3FA58FDF1C1F0.taxon	description	Description. Anolis gadovii is a moderate-sized – moderately large anole (maximum recorded SVL 76.0 mm in males, 63.0 mm in females); dorsal head scales in internasal region keeled, some smooth rugose, other head scales mostly smooth to rugose; well developed prefrontal depression present, usually shallow, occasionally moderate parietal depression; 6 – 8 postrostrals; anterior nasal single or divided, the lower scale in contact with rostral and first supralabial or, occasionally, only with rostral scale; 7 – 9 internasals; canthal ridge sharply defined; scales comprising supraorbital semicircles well defined, forming a rounded ridge, especially anteriorly, largest scale in semicircles larger than largest supraocular scale; supraorbital semicircles usually broadly in contact, separated by a complete row of scales in one specimen (UIMNH 20130); 0 – 3 scales separating supraorbital semicircles and interparietal at narrowest point; interparietal well defined, greatly enlarged relative to adjacent scales, surrounded by scales of small to moderate size, longer than wide, larger than ear opening; enlarged supraoculars separated from supraorbital semicircles by one or two complete row (s) of small scales; 3 – 4 rows of granular scales between enlarged supraoculars and superciliaries; usually 2 elongate superciliaries, anterior one longest, followed posteriorly by a series of about 10 small keeled granular scales; usually 3 enlarged canthals, the second canthal largest; 9 – 13 scales between second canthals; 10 – 14 scales present between posterior canthals; loreal region slightly concave, 37 – 62 mostly keeled (some smooth or rugose) loreal scales in a maximum of 6 – 7 horizontal rows; 6 – 8 supralabials to level below center of eye; suboculars keeled, separated from supralabials by one complete scale row, or these scales narrowly in contact (1 – 2 suboculars in contact with 1 – 2 supralabials); ear opening vertically oval, oriented slightly obliquely; scales anterior to ear opening smooth or keeled granulars, about twice as large than those posterior to ear opening; 6 – 8 infralabials to level below center of eye; 4 – 7 postmentals (usually 6), outer pair at least four times larger than adjacent median postmental scales; usually two, commonly one, exceptionally 3 enlarged sublabials in contact with infralabials on each side; rounded to pointed granular scales present on chin and throat; male dewlap large, extending from level below anterior margin of eye to level of chest; 9 – 10 horizontal gorgetal-sternal rows with 9 – 16 scales per row; modal number of marginal pairs 2 – 4; female dewlap very small to small; a nuchal crest and a dorsal ridge present in males; scales on middorsum juxtaposed to subimbricate, weakly keeled, with rounded posterior margins, grading into smaller granular lateral scales; 0 – 2 middorsal scale rows slightly enlarged; lateral scales more or less homogeneous; 79 – 102 dorsal scales along vertebral midline between levels of axilla and groin in males, 85 – 106 in females; 42 – 60 dorsal scales along vertebral midline contained in one head length in males, 44 – 54 in females; ventral scales on midsection about twice the size of largest dorsal scales; scales on midventer smooth, flat, subimbricate to imbricate with rounded posterior margins, slightly heterogeneous in size; 60 – 79 ventral scales along midventral line between levels of axilla and groin in males, 62 – 76 in females; 38 – 54 ventral scales contained in one head length in males, 34 – 48 in females; 158 – 186 scales around midbody in males, 156 – 184 in females; tube-like axillary pocket absent; precloacal scales smooth; males with a pair of moderately enlarged postcloacal scales; tail moderately compressed in cross section, tail height / tail width 1.14 – 1.55 in males, 1.11 – 1.25 in females; basal subcaudal scales smooth, all other caudal scales keeled; lateral caudal scales homogeneous, although an indistinct division in segments is discernible; dorsal medial caudal scale row slightly to moderately enlarged, keeled, not forming a crest; scales on anterodorsal surface of brachium and on dorsal surface of antebrachium subimbricate, weakly keeled, unicarinate; 29 – 34 subdigital lamellae on Phalanges II – IV of Toe IV of hind limbs; 7 – 11 subdigital lamellae on distal phalanx of Toe IV of hind limbs; digital pads dilated, about 3 times the width of distal phalanx. In the specimens examined, the longest toe of the adpressed hind leg reaches to level of between beyond tympanum and anterior border of eye. For variation in selected scalation and morphometric characters see Table 12. The coloration in life of an adult male from near Palo Gordo (SMF 96195; Fig. 125 c, d) was recorded as follows: Dorsal ground color of head Sayal Brown (41); dorsal ground color of body Dark Drab (45) grading laterally into Cinnamon (270); tail Ground Cinnamon (270); limbs Cinnamon Brown (43) with Sepia (286) reticulations and spots; chin Glaucous (289) with suffusions of Cream Yellow (82); venter Cinnamon-Drab (50); ventral surface of limbs and base of tail Light Neutral Gray (297) ventral surface of tail Glaucous (289); dewlap ground color in center Mauve (208), Dark Bluish Purple (230) between gorgetals and a Pinkish Flesh Color (253) in the lower margin with Light Orange Yellow (77) gorgetals; iris Sky Blue (192). The coloration in life of an adult female from near Palo Gordo (SMF 96196; Fig. 125 e) was recorded as follows: Dorsal ground color Dark Drab (45) with Antique Brown (24) vertebral line and Raw Umber (280); dorsal surface of limbs Burnt Sienna (38); dorsal surface of tail Raw Umber (22); ventral surface of head Glaucous (289) with suffusions of Dark Pale Gray (290); dewlap Spinel Pink (235) grading into Ruby (240) at margin; iris Sepia (286) with Sky Blue (192) inner circle. The incompletely everted hemipenis of SMF 96621 (Fig. 129) is a moderate-sized, bilobate organ; sulcus spermaticus bordered by well developed sulcal lips and at base of apex presumably bifurcating into two branches that continue to tips of lobes; a large asulcate processus present; apex strongly calyculate, truncus and asulcate ridge with transverse folds.	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF55E7A57EC3FA58FDF1C1F0.taxon	biology_ecology	Natural History Notes: The habitat of Anolis gadovii near Palo Gordo is characterized by low seasonal forest with numerous boulders. During daytime, we observed individuals of A. gadovii mostly on the vertical surfaces of the boulders, a few perched head-down on small tree trunks that grow between the boulders. Flight distance was usually 2 – 4 m. We observed males displaying the dewlap and also males chasing each other. lizards were found sleeping on vertical and overhanging rock surfaces (Fig. 130). On 7 August 2013, we measured a juvenile that had a SVL of 26 mm, a tail length 43 mm, and a weight of 0.4 – 0.5 g.	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF55E7A57EC3FA58FDF1C1F0.taxon	distribution	Geographic Distribution and Conservation. As currently known, Anolis gadovii is restricted to the hills in the vicinity of the city of Tierra Colorada in the south-central portion of the Mexican state of Guerrero at elevations between 260 and 310 masl (Fig. 111). Given its presumably small geographic range, highly degraded and fragmented habitats, and continuing threat of deforestation, we consider the conservation status of A. gadovii to be Critically Endangered based on criterion B 1 ab (iii) of the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN 2012).	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF55E7A57EC3FA58FDF1C1F0.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined ⎯ Mexico: Guerrero: near Palo Gordo, 290 m: IBH 26585, 26610, SMF 96195 – 96, 96718; Tierra Colorada, 290 m: BMNH 1946.8. 13.1, FMNH 25886, 106101, 106206, 114445 – 57, MCZ R- 39707, 93669, UIMNH 20107 – 10, 20129 – 30, 57204 – 06, 57209, 57212, 57214, 57216, 57219, 57224 - 26, 57228, 57230 – 31, 81953 (two specimens).	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF5DE79F7EC3FF61FD7AC153.taxon	description	Figs. 131 – 136	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF5DE79F7EC3FF61FD7AC153.taxon	type_taxon	Anolis liogaster Boulenger 1905: 245; type locality: “ Omilteme, Guerrero, 7600 ft., ” Mexico. Syntypes: BMNH 1946.8.8.53 – 54 (examined by the authors). Gadow 1905, Barbour 1934, Smith & Taylor 1950 a, b, Davis 1954, Stuart 1955, Etheridge 1959, Davis & Dixon 1961, Duellman 1961, Shelford 1963, Duellman 1965, Smith 1972, Smith et al. 1972, Fitch & Henderson 1973, 1976, Smith & Smith 1976, Lieb 1981, Fitch & Hillis 1984, Gorman et al. 1984, Buth et al. 1985, Saldaña de la Riva & Pérez-Ramos 1987, Muñoz-Alonso 1988, Flores-Villela & Muñoz-Alonso 1990, MuñozAlonso & Flores-Villela 1990, Flores-Villela 1993, Flores-Villela & Muñoz-Alonso 1993, Flores-Villela & Gerez 1994, Lieb 1995, Pérez-Ramos et al. 2000, Lieb 2001, Poe 2004, Liner 2007, Fläschendräger & Wijffels 2009, Flores-Villela et al. 2010, Urbina-Cardona & Flores-Villela 2010, Wilson & Townsend 2010, Köhler et al. 2013 a, Nieto Montes de Oca et al. 2013, Wilson et al. 2013, Köhler 2014, Köhler et al. 2014	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF5DE79F7EC3FF61FD7AC153.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A small to moderate-sized species (SVL in largest male 50.0 mm, largest female 54.0 mm) of the genus Anolis (sensu Poe 2004) that differs from all other Mexican and Central American congeners except A. dunni, A. gadovii, A. omiltemanus, and A. peucephilus by having (1) smooth ventral scales; (2) an oval patch of usually three greatly enlarged supraorbital scales; (3) a pair of greatly enlarged postcloacal scales in males. Anolis liogaster differs from A. dunni and A. gadovii by having 10 – 15 rows of dorsal scales moderately enlarged (vs. the middorsal scales not or only 2 - 4 rows slightly enlarged in A. dunni and A. gadovii). It further differs from A. dunni by having a uniform purple to pink male dewlap (vs. pinkish to orange red male dewlap with semicircular pale streaks and blotches in A. dunni). It also differs from A. gadovii by the absence of a bold reticulated body pattern (vs. such a pattern present in A. gadovii). Anolis liogaster differs from A. omiltemanus and A. peucephilus by having longer hind legs with the longest toe of adpressed hind leg reaching to a point between posterior and anterior margin of eye or occasionally to a point between ear opening and eye (vs. to level of ear opening or to a point between shoulder and ear opening in A. omiltemanus and A. peucephilus), usually only a single pair of greatly enlarged sublabial scales in contact with infralabial scales (vs. usually two pairs in A. omiltemanus and A. peucephilus), and a pink to purple male dewlap (vs. orange yellow in A. omiltemanus and A. peucephilus).	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF5DE79F7EC3FF61FD7AC153.taxon	description	Description. Anolis liogaster is a small to moderate-sized anole (maximum recorded SVL 50.0 mm in males, 54.0 mm in females); dorsal head scales in internasal region weakly keeled, some smooth or rugose, other dorsal head scales smooth or rugose; moderately deep frontal depression present, shallow parietal depression; 5 – 8 postrostrals; anterior nasal usually single, occasionally divided, the lower scale in contact with rostral and first supralabial or, exceptionally, only with rostral scale; 6 – 8 internasals; canthal ridge sharply defined; scales comprising supraorbital semicircles well defined, posterior ones smooth, anterior ones weakly keeled, largest scale in semicircles larger than largest supraocular scale; supraorbital semicircles usually broadly in contact, commonly separated by a complete row of scales; 1 – 3 scales separating supraorbital semicircles and interparietal at narrowest point; interparietal well defined, greatly enlarged relative to adjacent scales, surrounded by scales of small to moderate size, longer than wide, usually larger than ear opening; enlarged supraoculars usually faintly keeled, separated from supraorbital semicircles by a complete row of small scales, or these scales narrowly in contact; 2 – 5 rows of granular scales between enlarged supraoculars and superciliaries; 2 – 3 elongate superciliaries, anterior one longest, followed posteriorly by a series of 4 – 5 rounded or squarish scales of moderate size; usually 3 enlarged canthals, the second canthal largest; 4 – 9 scales between second canthals; 5 – 11 scales present between posterior canthals; loreal region slightly concave, 16 – 39 mostly keeled (some smooth or rugose) loreal scales in a maximum of 4 – 6 (commonly 4 or 5) horizontal rows; 5 – 7 supralabials to level below center of eye; suboculars keeled, in broad contact with supralabials (1 – 3 suboculars in contact with 1 – 4 supralabials); ear opening vertically oval, oriented slightly obliquely; scales anterior to ear opening granular, about four times as large than those posterior to ear opening; 5 – 7 infralabials to level below center of eye; 2 – 5 (usually 4) postmentals, outer pair usually at least four times larger than adjacent median postmental scales; usually one, occasionally zero or two, enlarged sublabials in contact with infralabials on each side; smooth or faintly keeled granular scales present on chin and throat; male dewlap large, extending from level below anterior margin of eye to level of chest; 8 – 9 horizontal gorgetal-sternal rows with 7 – 13 scales per row; modal number of marginal pairs 2 – 4; female dewlap very small to small; a nuchal crest and a dorsal ridge present in males; scales on middorsum subimbricate, weakly keeled, with rounded posterior margins, grading into smaller granular lateral scales; 10 – 17 middorsal scale rows slightly to moderately enlarged, two vertebral rows occasionally larger than adjacent rows and usually a few smaller scales interspersed in enlarged rows; lateral scales usually homogeneous, occasionally slightly heterogeneous; 37 – 58 dorsal scales along vertebral midline between levels of axilla and groin in males, 44 – 65 in females; 22 – 36 dorsal scales along vertebral midline contained in one head length in males, 22 – 34 in females; ventral scales on midsection about twice the size of largest dorsal scales; scales on midventer smooth, subimbricate to imbricate with rounded posterior margins, usually somewhat heterogeneous in size; 35 – 47 ventral scales along midventral line between levels of axilla and groin in males, 33 – 45 in females; 24 – 38 ventral scales contained in one head length in males, 18 – 28 in females; 102 – 128 scales around midbody in males, 92 – 132 in females; tube-like axillary pocket absent; precloacal scales smooth or weakly keeled; males with a pair of greatly enlarged postcloacal scales; tail moderately compressed in cross section, tail height / tail width 1.16 – 1.50 in males, 1.05 – 1.59 in females; basal subcaudal scales smooth or faintly keeled, all other caudal scales strongly keeled; lateral caudal scales homogeneous, although an indistinct division in segments is discernible; dorsomedial caudal scale row slightly enlarged, keeled, not forming a crest; scales on anterodorsal surface of brachium and on dorsal surface of antebrachium imbricate, weakly keeled, unicarinate; 20 – 28 subdigital lamellae on Phalanges II – IV of Toe IV of hind limbs; 6 – 9 subdigital lamellae on distal phalanx of Toe IV of hind limbs; digital pads dilated, about 3 times the width of distal phalanx. In all specimens examined, the longest toe of the adpressed hind leg reaches to level of tympanum or to a point between shoulder and tympanum. For variation in selected scalation and morphometric characters see Table 12. …… continued on the next page The coloration in life of an adult male from Omiltemi (SMF 96199; Fig. 132 a) was recorded as follows: Dorsal ground color Ground Cinnamon (270) with Brussels Brown (33) chevrons that end in lateral ocelli; center of ocellus Smoky White (261) surrounded by Burnt Umber (48); mid-dorsal area between chevrons Cinnamon Drab (50); lateral stripe Smoky White (261) edged by Brussels Brown (33); postorbital stripe Verona Brown (37) with Kingfisher Rufous (28) bands; dorsal surface of tail Mikado Brown (42) with Prout´s Brown (47) bands; ventral surface of head Cinnamon Drab (50) with Dark Neutral Gray (299) speckles; venter Chamois (84) with suffusions of Cinnamon Drab (259); ventral surface of limbs Fawn Color (258); dewlap Spinel Pink (235) with Cream White (52) gorgetals; iris Burnt Umber (48). The coloration in life of another adult male from Omiltemi (SMF 96201; Fig. 132 b) was recorded as follows: Dorsal ground color of body limbs and tail Dark Drab (45) with Raw Umber (280) vertebral spots and with irregular Cinnamon-Drab (50) zigzag band and Cream White (52) vertical line; venter Chamois (84); ventral surface of limbs Cinnamon Drab (259); ventral surface of tail Chamois (84); dewlap Spinel Pink (239) with Cream White (52) gorgetals. The coloration in life of an adult female from Omiltemi (SMF 96200; Fig. 132 e) was recorded as follows: Dorsum with a Salmon Color (83) vertebral line edged by Raw Umber (280); dorsal surface of head Drab (19) with a Russet (44) interorbital bar; dorsal surfaces of limbs Army Brown (46) with Cinnamon Rufous (31) blotches and bands; dorsal surface of tail Clay Color (18); lateral sides of body Clay Color (18) with Yellow Ocher (14) lateral stripe and with Pale Horn Color (11) semicircular markings; ventral surface of head, body and limbs Cream White (52) with Dark Pearl Gray (290) suffusions. The completely everted hemipenis of SMF 96199 (Fig. 136) is a small, unilobate organ; sulcus spermaticus bordered by well developed sulcal lips and opening into a single apical field void of ornamentation; a low asulcate processus near tip of apex but no asulcate ridge present; no surface ornamentation discernible.	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF5DE79F7EC3FF61FD7AC153.taxon	biology_ecology	Natural History Notes: In and around the village of Omiltemi, Anolis liogaster is a common species that can be found on wooden fences, on the lower portions of pine tree trunks, and on the ground.	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF5DE79F7EC3FF61FD7AC153.taxon	distribution	Geographic Distribution and Conservation. As currently known, Anolis liogaster is restricted to the hills in the region of Omiltemi in the south-central portion of the Mexican State of Guerrero at elevations between 1995 and 2493 masl (Fig. 111). Given its usual abundance wherever this species occurs, we consider the conservation status of A. liogaster to be Least Concern based on the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN 2012).	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF5DE79F7EC3FF61FD7AC153.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined ⎯ Mexico: Guerrero: 1.0 mi E Omiltemi: UTA 4409; 17.2 mi W Asoleadero, 190 m: UMMZ 130982; 2.2 km W Patio de Aviación, 2160 m: UMMZ 130981, 131685; 3 mi W Omiltemi, 2493 m: MVZ 57178; Omiltemi, 2175 m: FMNH 108507 - 08, 125620 - 21, 125624, IBH 26599 - 601, 26605 - 07, MCZ R- 85021 – 22, 78718, SMF 96200 - 02; Omiltemi, 2060 m: SMF 96199; Omiltemi, 1995 m: BMNH 1946.8.8.53 - 54, SMF 96203 - 06; Omiltemi, 2135 m: USNM 47748 - 52, 148865; W Chilpancingo on the slope that leads to a canyon between the villages of Filo de Caballo and Carrizal de Bravo: UMMZ 229869; 37.7 km SW Filo de Caballo, 2256 m: KU 182540 – 43; 0.5 km E Filo de Caballo, 2294 m: IBH 6429; village of Los Morros, W Chilpancingo, 62.8 km from Zumpango del Río via Casa Verde, 2180 m: UMMZ 229861 - 62, 229864, 229866 - 67; Morro Viejo of the village Los Morros, W Chilpancingo: UMMZ 229870.	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF67E7947EC3FF61FCD6C221.taxon	description	Figs. 137 – 142	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF67E7947EC3FF61FCD6C221.taxon	type_taxon	Anolis omiltemanus Davis 1954: 2; type locality: “ two miles west of Omiltemi, 7800 ft., Guerrero. ” Holotype: TCWC 10278 (examined by the authors). Etheridge 1959, Davis & Dixon 1961, Duellman 1961, Smith et al. 1964, Duellman 1965, Smith & Taylor 1966, Fitch 1970, Smith 1972, Smith et al. 1972, Fitch & Henderson 1973, Smith & Smith 1976, Lieb 1981, Gorman et al. 1984, Buth et al. 1985, Saldaña de la Riva & Pérez-Ramos 1987, Muñoz-Alonso 1988, Flores-Villela & Muñoz-Alonso 1990, Muñoz-Alonso & Flores-Villela 1990, Flores-Villela 1993, Flores-Villela & Muñoz-Alonso 1993, Flores-Villela & Gerez 1994, Lieb 1995, Pérez-Ramos et al. 2000, Lieb 2001, Liner 2007, Fläschendräger & Wijffels 2009, Flores-Villela et al. 2010, Urbina-Cardona & Flores-Villela 2010, Wilson & Townsend 2010, Köhler et al. 2013 a, Wilson et al. 2013, Köhler 2014, Köhler et al. 2014	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF67E7947EC3FF61FCD6C221.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A small species (SVL in largest male 47.0 mm, largest female 48.0 mm) of the genus Anolis (sensu Poe 2004) that differs from all other Mexican and Central American congeners except A. dunni, A. gadovii, A. liogaster, and A. peucephilus by having (1) smooth ventral scales; (2) an oval patch of usually three greatly enlarged supraorbital scales; (3) a pair of greatly enlarged postcloacal scales in males. Anolis omiltemanus differs from A. dunni and A. gadovii by having 10 – 15 rows of dorsal scales moderately enlarged (vs. the middorsal scales not or only 2 – 4 rows slightly enlarged in A. dunni and A. gadovii). It further differs from A. dunni by having a uniform orange yellow male dewlap (vs. pinkish to orange red male dewlap with semicircular pale streaks and blotches in A. dunni). It also differs from A. gadovii by the absence of a bold reticulated body pattern (vs. such a pattern present in A. gadovii). Anolis omiltemanus differs from A. liogaster by having shorter hind legs with the longest toe of adpressed hind leg reaching to level of ear opening or to a point between shoulder and ear opening, ratio ShL / SVL 0.18 – 0.23 (vs. usually to a point between posterior and anterior margin of eye or occasionally to a point between ear opening and eye in A. liogaster; ratio ShL / SVL 0.24 – 0.30), usually two pairs of greatly enlarged sublabial scales in contact with infralabial scales (vs. usually a single pair in A. liogaster), and an orange yellow male dewlap (vs. pink to purple in A. liogaster), as well as in the number of loreal scale rows (usually four, occasionally five, exceptionally three, in A. omiltemanus vs. commonly four or five, occasionally six, in A. liogaster) and in the number of scales between interparietal and supraorbital semicircles (usually one, commonly two, exceptionally zero, in A. omiltemanus vs. usually two, commonly one, occasionally three, in A. liogaster). Females of A. omiltemanus have a very small dirty white dewlap, whereas those of A. liogaster have a very small to small pink dewlap. In external morphology, A. omiltemanus is most similar to A. peucephilus from which it differs by having slightly longer hind legs with the longest toe of adpressed hind leg reaching usually to ear opening, occasionally to slightly beyond ear opening or to a point between shoulder and ear opening (vs. to a point between levels of axilla and ear opening in A. peucephilus), a slightly smaller dewlap in females, in largest female about 41 mm 2 (vs. to 64 mm 2 in A. peucephilus), the circumnasal separated from the first supralabial by the presence of a subnasal (the circumnasal usually in contact with the first supralabial in A. peucephilus), and 6 – 7 internasal scales (vs. 4 – 6 in A. peucephilus). Furthermore, A. omiltemanus differs from A. peucephilus in hemipenial morphology (a finger-like processus on asulcate side in A. omiltemanus vs. no such processus in A. peucephilus).	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF67E7947EC3FF61FCD6C221.taxon	description	Description. Anolis omiltemanus is a small anole (maximum recorded SVL 47.0 mm in males, 48.0 mm in females); dorsal head scales in internasal region rugose or keeled, other dorsal head scales smooth or rugose; moderately deep prefrontal depression present, shallow parietal depression; 4 – 6 postrostrals; anterior nasal usually single, occasionally divided, the lower scale in contact with rostral and first supralabial or, exceptionally, only with rostral scale; usually 6, commonly 7, exceptionally 4, internasals; canthal ridge sharply defined; scales comprising supraorbital semicircles well defined, posterior ones smooth, anterior ones weakly keeled, largest scale in semicircles subequal or larger than largest supraocular scale; supraorbital semicircles usually broadly in contact; 0 – 2 scales separating supraorbital semicircles and interparietal at narrowest point; interparietal well defined, greatly enlarged relative to adjacent scales, surrounded by scales of moderate size, longer than wide, usually about the same size as ear opening; usually 3 – 4 greatly enlarged supraoculars arranged in a single row; enlarged supraoculars separated from supraorbital semicircles by a complete row of small scales, or these scales narrowly in contact; 1 – 2 rows of granular scales between enlarged supraoculars and superciliaries; 2 – 3 elongate superciliaries, anterior one longest, followed posteriorly by a series of 4 – 5 rounded or squarish scales of moderate size; 3 – 4 enlarged canthals; 4 – 7 scales between second canthals; 5 – 9 scales present between posterior canthals; loreal region slightly concave, 14 – 25 mostly keeled (some smooth or rugose) loreal scales in a maximum of 3 – 5 (usually 4) horizontal rows; 6 – 8 supralabials to level below center of eye; suboculars keeled, in broad contact with supralabials (2 – 5 suboculars in contact with 2 – 5 supralabials); ear opening vertically oval, oriented slightly obliquely; scales anterior to ear opening granulars, twice as large than those posterior to ear opening; 5 – 9 infralabials to level below center of eye; 3 – 6 postmentals (usually 4), outer pair at least four times larger than adjacent median postmental scales; usually two, occasionally one or three, enlarged sublabials in contact with infralabials on each side; faintly keeled granular scales present on chin and throat; male dewlap moderate-sized (150 and 139 mm 2, respectively, in two adult males, SMF 96226, 96228) extending onto chest; 6 – 7 horizontal gorgetal-sternal rows with 8 – 16 scales per row; modal number of marginal pairs 2 – 4; female dewlap very small (28 and 41 mm 2, respectively, in two adult females, SMF 96227, 96229); a nuchal crest and a dorsal ridge present in males; 10 – 15 middorsal scale rows slightly to moderately enlarged, two vertebral rows occasionally larger than adjacent rows (e. g., in MCZ R- 78717) and usually a few smaller scales interspersed in enlarged rows; weakly to moderately keeled dorsal scales lateral to middorsal series gradually larger than granular lateral scales; usually a few enlarged scales scattered among granular laterals, or lateral scales more or less homogeneous; 43 – 62 dorsal scales along vertebral midline between levels of axilla and groin in males, 47 – 67 in females; 28 – 40 dorsal scales along vertebral midline contained in one head length in males, 26 – 42 in females; ventral scales on midsection about twice the size of largest dorsal scales; scales on midventer smooth, subimbricate to imbricate with rounded posterior margins, usually somewhat heterogeneous in size; 32 – 50 ventral scales along midventral line between levels of axilla and groin in males, 39 – 52 in females; 21 – 38 ventral scales contained in one head length in males, 20 – 30 in females; 94 – 124 scales around midbody in males, 94 – 114 in females; tube-like axillary pocket absent; precloacal scales smooth or weakly keeled; males with two greatly enlarged postcloacal scales; tail moderately compressed in cross section, tail height / tail width 1.05 – 1.50 in males, 1.00 – 1.50 in females; basal subcaudal scales smooth or weakly keeled; lateral caudal scales keeled, homogeneous, although an indistinct division in segments is discernible; dorsomedial caudal scale row slightly enlarged, keeled, not forming a crest; scales on anterodorsal surface of brachium and on dorsal surface of antebrachium weakly to strongly keeled, unicarinate; 21 – 26 subdigital lamellae on Phalanges II – IV of Toe IV of hind limbs; 5 – 7 subdigital lamellae on distal phalanx of Toe IV of hind limbs; digital pads dilated, about three times the width of distal phalanx; in all specimens examined, the longest toe of the adpressed hind leg reaching to level of ear opening or to a point between shoulder and ear opening. For variation in selected scalation and morphometric characters see Table 12. The coloration in life of an adult male of Anolis omiltemanus (SMF 96227) was recorded as follows: Dorsal ground color Mikado Brown (42) grading into Ground Cinnamon (270) and with Dark Brownish Olive (127) paravertebral blotches, edged with Cream White (52); a Drab (19) interorbital bar; iris Warm Sepia (40); ventral surface of head Pale Buff (1) with Dark Grayish Olive (275) stipples; ventral surface of body, limbs and tail Light Buff (2) with Drab (19) suffusions; dewlap Chrome Orange (74) grading into Light Chrome Orange (76) near gorgetal rows. The coloration in life of an adult female of Anolis omiltemanus (SMF 96228) was recorded as follows: Dorsal ground color Antique Brown (24) grading into Clay Color (18) on flanks, with Drab (19) vertebral stripe bordered by a pair of Warm Sepia (40) lines, which are bordered by Pale Pinkish Buff (3) paravertebral stripes; interorbital bar Clay Color (18); ventral surface of head Light Buff (2) with suffusions of Light Orange Yellow (7); ventral surface of body, limbs and tail Light Buff (2) with suffusions of Light Flesh Color (250); Dewlap Pale Buff (1); iris Warm Sepia (40). The completely everted hemipenis of SMF 96226 (Fig. 142) is a small, slightly bilobed organ; sulcus spermaticus bordered by weakly developed sulcal lips, opening into a large concave area at base of apex; a fingerlike processus bordered below by a weak ridge on asulcate side; asulcate side of apex grossly calyculate; apex with transverse folds.	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF67E7947EC3FF61FCD6C221.taxon	biology_ecology	Natural History Notes: The habitat of Anolis omiltemanus at La Laguna is mostly pine forest with some scattered oak trees and with very little undergrowth. The pine trees are somewhat spaced allowing sunlight to reach the forest floor. We collected all ten specimens of A. omiltemanus at night while they were sleeping on the periphery of pine tree branches, 200 – 500 cm above the ground. During a short visit in the afternoon a few days later, we did not observe any anoles at this site. Obviously, the anoles escaped observation either by perching too high on the trees or by moving to the side of the branch opposite to the position of us when approached by us. This species was said to be “ found on the ground in leaf litter and in low shrubs of pine-oak and oak forests ” (FloresVillela and Muñoz-Alonso, 1990: 1). A similar statement is found in Flores-Villela and Muñoz-Alonso (1993: 431): “ It lives mainly between 2,150 to 2,350 meters in the understory vegetation of oak forests, although some specimens were collected in pine-oak forest ” (our translation). At least at La Laguna, A. omiltemanus seems to be a strictly arboreal species with a strong affinity for pine trees. Placed on the ground, these anoles move in an awkward, clumsy manner. Its extremely short legs are reminiscent of anoles from the A. pentaprion group, which are exclusively arboreal species (Köhler, 2010). It is very likely that A. omiltemanus is an arboreal pine forest specialist that prefers open pine forests with little undergrowth. This might explain why this species is rare or rarely recorded in the dense pine-oak forests in the vicinity of the village of Omiltemi (Flores-Villela and Muñoz-Alonso, 1993). Among the ten individuals collected were six juveniles (SVL <33 mm), indicating that hatching events had taken place recently.	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF67E7947EC3FF61FCD6C221.taxon	distribution	Geographic Distribution and Conservation. As currently known, Anolis omiltemanus is restricted to the region of Omiltemi in the south-central portion of the Mexican State of Guerrero at elevations between 1890 and 2400 masl (Fig. 111). More field work is needed in order to obtain a better understanding of the population size and the actual geographic distribution of this species before the conservation status can be assessed.	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF67E7947EC3FF61FCD6C221.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined ⎯ Mexico: Guerrero: 15 mi W Asoleadero: UMMZ 130985; La Laguna near Omiltemi: IBH 26554 – 57, 26559; SMF 96226 – 30; 0.5 – 1.0 m S Omiltemi: UTA R- 4408; 1.0 mi E Omiltemi: UTA R- 6369; 2 mi W Omiltemi: MCZ R- 78717, TCWC 10278 - 80; 1.5 km E Omiltemi, Chilpancingo de Los Bravo: MZFC 2825; Omiltemi, Barranca de Potrerillos, Chilpancingo de Los Bravo: MZFC 2826 – 27, 2829; Omiltemi, Chilpancingo de Los Bravo: MZFC 3066 – 67; Omiltemi, Cueva del Borrego, Chilpancingo de Los Bravo: MZFC 2813; Plan de Potrerillos, 2 km E Omiltemi, Chilpancingo de Los Bravo: MZFC 2814 – 15, 2830 – 31, 2833; Plan de Potrerillos, 2.5 km E Omiltemi, Chilpancingo de Los Bravo: MZFC 2828, 2832; 1 km E Omiltemi, 28 km W Chilpancingo: POE 3817 (MZFC uncatalogued); 21 km W Chilpancingo, road to Omiltemi: POE 3819, 3821, 3827, 3829 (MZFC uncatalogued); 38 km W Milpillas / Casa Verde: POE 3786 – 87, 3789 – 90 (MZFC uncatalogued); 14 km E Mazatlan: MVZ 106304 – 06; 4 mi W Mazatlán: TCWC 11386 - 87.	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF6DE78A7EC3FB93FDE8C12E.taxon	description	Figs. 143 – 148	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF6DE78A7EC3FB93FDE8C12E.taxon	type_taxon	Anolis peucephilus Köhler, Gómez Trejo Pérez, Petersen & Méndez de la Cruz 2014: 456; type locality: “ ca. 27 km on road N San Gabriel Mixtepec (16.19135 ° N, 97.09820 ° W, WGS 84), 1325 m, Estado de Oaxaca, Mexico. ” Holotype: SMF 96368.	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF6DE78A7EC3FB93FDE8C12E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A small to moderate-sized species (SVL in largest male 46.0 mm, largest female 45.0 mm) of the genus Anolis (sensu Poe 2004) that differs from all other Mexican and Central American congeners except A. dunni, A. gadovii, A. liogaster, and A. omiltemanus by having (1) smooth ventral scales; (2) an oval patch of usually three greatly enlarged supraorbital scales; (3) a pair of greatly enlarged postcloacal scales in males. Anolis peucephilus differs from A. dunni and A. gadovii by having 10 – 15 rows of dorsal scales moderately enlarged (vs. the middorsal scales not or only 2 - 4 rows slightly enlarged in A. dunni and A. gadovii). It further differs from A. dunni by having a uniform orange yellow male dewlap (vs. pinkish to orange red male dewlap with semicircular pale streaks and blotches in A. dunni). It also differs from A. gadovii by the absence of a bold reticulated body pattern (vs. such a pattern present in A. gadovii). Anolis peucephilus differs from A. liogaster by having shorter hind legs with the longest toe of adpressed hind leg reaching to a point between levels of axilla and ear opening, ratio shank length / SVL 0.18 – 0.21 (vs. usually to a point between posterior and anterior margin of eye or occasionally to a point between ear opening and eye in A. liogaster; ratio ShL / SVL 0.24 – 0.30), usually two pairs of greatly enlarged sublabial scales in contact with infralabial scales (vs. usually a single pair in A. liogaster), and an orange yellow male dewlap (vs. pink to purple in A. liogaster), as well as in the number of loreal scale rows (usually four, occasionally five, exceptionally three, in A. peucephilus vs. commonly four or five, occasionally six, in A. liogaster) and in the number of scales between interparietal and supraorbital semicircles (usually one, commonly two, exceptionally zero, in A. peucephilus vs. usually two, commonly one, occasionally three, in A. liogaster). In external morphology, A. peucephilus is most similar to A. omiltemanus from which it differs by having even shorter hind legs with the longest toe of adpressed hind leg reaching to a point between levels of axilla and ear opening (vs. usually to ear opening, occasionally to slightly beyond ear opening or to a point between shoulder and ear opening in A. omiltemanus), a slightly larger dewlap in females, in largest female about 64 mm 2 (vs. to 41 mm 2 in A. omiltemanus), the circumnasal usually in contact with the first supralabial (those scales separated by the presence of a subnasal in A. omiltemanus), and 4 – 6 internasal scales (vs. 6 – 7 in A. omiltemanus). Furthermore, A. peucephilus differs from A. omiltemanus in hemipenial morphology (no finger-like processus on asulcate side in A. peucephilus vs. such a processus present in A. omiltemanus).	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF6DE78A7EC3FB93FDE8C12E.taxon	description	Description. Anolis peucephilus is a small anole (maximum recorded SVL 46.0 mm in males, 45.0 mm in females); dorsal head scales in internasal region smooth, rugose or keeled, other dorsal head scales smooth or rugose; moderately deep prefrontal depression present, shallow parietal depression; 4 – 5 postrostrals; anterior nasal usually single, commonly divided, the lower scale in contact with rostral and first supralabial or, occasionally, only with rostral scale; 4 – 6 internasals; canthal ridge sharply defined; scales comprising supraorbital semicircles well defined, smooth to rugose, largest scale in semicircles larger than largest supraocular scale; supraorbital semicircles broadly in contact; one scale separating supraorbital semicircles and interparietal at narrowest point; interparietal well defined, greatly enlarged relative to adjacent scales, surrounded by scales of moderate to large size, longer than wide, much larger than ear opening; usually 3 – 4 greatly enlarged supraoculars arranged in a single row; enlarged supraoculars usually separated from supraorbital semicircles by a complete row of small scales, occasionally these scales narrowly in contact; 2 – 3 rows of small smooth scales between enlarged supraoculars and superciliaries; 2 – 3 elongate superciliaries, anterior one longest, followed posteriorly by a series of 3 – 5 rounded or squarish scales of moderate size; 3 – 4 enlarged canthals; 5 – 6 scales between second canthals; 6 – 8 scales present between posterior canthals; loreal region slightly concave, 13 – 24 smooth, rugose or keeled loreal scales in a maximum of 3 – 5 (usually 4) horizontal rows; 5 – 7 supralabials to level below center of eye; suboculars keeled, in broad contact with supralabials (3 – 4 suboculars in contact with 4 – 5 supralabials); ear opening vertically oval, oriented slightly obliquely; scales anterior to ear opening granulars, twice as large as those posterior to ear opening; 5 – 8 infralabials to level below center of eye; 2 or 4 postmentals outer pair at least four times larger than adjacent median postmental scales; usually two, commonly three, enlarged sublabials in contact with infralabials on each side; smooth granular scales present on chin and throat; male dewlap moderate-sized (150 and 139 mm 2, respectively, in two adult males, SMF 96226, 96228) extending onto chest; 6 – 7 horizontal gorgetal-sternal rows with 8 – 16 scales per row; modal number of marginal pairs 2 – 4; female dewlap very small (28 and 41 mm 2, respectively, in two adult females, SMF 96227, 96229); a nuchal crest and a dorsal ridge present in males; scales on middorsum smooth to weakly keeled, subimbricate with rounded posterior margins; 14 – 18 middorsal scale rows slightly to moderately enlarged, with a gradual transition to lateral scales, usually a few smaller scales interspersed in enlarged dorsal rows; usually a few enlarged scales scattered among granular laterals; 59 – 61 dorsal scales along vertebral midline between levels of axilla and groin in males, 56 – 69 in females; 34 dorsal scales along vertebral midline contained in one head length in males, 28 – 30 in females; ventral scales on midsection larger than largest dorsal scales; scales on midventer smooth, subimbricate to imbricate with rounded posterior margins, usually somewhat heterogeneous in size; 44 – 54 ventral scales along midventral line between levels of axilla and groin in males, 46 – 53 in females; 24 – 38 ventral scales contained in one head length in males, 24 – 28 in females; 106 – 118 scales around midbody in males, 96 – 112 in females; tube-like axillary pocket absent; precloacal scales smooth or weakly keeled; males with two greatly enlarged postcloacal scales; tail moderately compressed in cross section, tail height / tail width 1.21 – 1.31 in males, 1.24 – 1.50 in females; basal subcaudal scales smooth; lateral caudal scales keeled, homogeneous, although an indistinct division in segments is discernible; dorsal medial caudal scale row slightly enlarged, keeled, not forming a crest; scales on anterodorsal surface of brachium and on dorsal surface of antebrachium subimbricate to imbricate rugose to weakly keeled, unicarinate; 22 – 26 subdigital lamellae on Phalanges II – IV of Toe IV of hind limbs; 5 – 6 subdigital lamellae on distal phalanx of Toe IV of hind limbs; digital pads dilated, about three times the width of distal phalanx; In all specimens examined, the longest toe of the adpressed hind leg reaches to level of ear opening or to a point between shoulder and ear opening. For variation in selected scalation and morphometric characters see Table 12. The coloration in life of an adult male (holotype, SMF 96368) was recorded as follows: Dorsal ground color Raw Umber (22) with a suffusion of Olive Brown (278) medially and with irregular Cream Color (12) stipples laterally on body; dorsal surface of head Drab (19) with a suggestion of Olive Horn Color (16); dorsal surface of forelimbs Drab (19) with indistinct Grayish Olive (274) bands; dorsal surface of hind limbs Olive Brown (278) with a suffusion of Light Chrome Orange (76) on upper thigh; ventral surfaces of head, body, limbs, and tail Light Buff (2); dewlap Medium Chrome Orange (75) with Light Chrome Orange (76) suffusions around Smoky White (261) gorgetals; iris Maroon (39). Coloration in life of an adult male paratype (GK- 4137, IBH) was recorded as follows: Dorsal ground color Raw Umber (22) with suffusions of Raw Umber (23); dorsal surface of limbs and tail Raw Umber (22) with Burnt Umber (48) bands; interorbital bar Dark Drab (45); ventral surfaces of head, body, limbs and tail Pale Buff (1) with suffusions of Drab (19); dewlap Medium Chrome Orange (75) with Chrome Orange (74) suffusions between rows of gorgetals; iris Burnt Sienna (38). Coloration in life of an adult female paratype (SMF 96369) was recorded as follows: Dorsal ground color Drab (19) grading into Light Drab (269) laterally and with Chamois (84) lateral splotches; dorsal surface of forelimbs Drab (19) with Yellow Ocher (14) bands; dorsal surface of hind limbs Glaucous (289) with Salmon Color (83) bands; dorsal surface of tail Drab (19) with Tawny Olive (17) bands; ventral surfaces of head Pale Pinkish Buff (3) with a median Pale Buff (1) longitudinal line; ventral surfaces of body, limbs, and tail Pale Pinkish Buff (3) grading into Pale Buff (1) towards medial portion of body; dewlap Cream White (52) with Smoky White (261) gorgetals; iris Maroon (39). The almost completely everted hemipenis of SMF 96370 (Fig. 148) is a slightly bilobate organ; sulcus spermaticus bordered by well developed sulcal lips and opening at base of apex into a broad concave area; a broad but low asulcate ridge present; apex strongly calyculate, truncus and asulcate ridge with transverse folds.	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF6DE78A7EC3FB93FDE8C12E.taxon	biology_ecology	Natural History Notes: All our specimens were collected at night while the lizards were sleeping in pine trees along the road, 2 – 10 m above the ground. Daytime searches on 15 March 2013 yielded no specimens of this species. The habitat in the vicinity of the type locality is pine-oak forest with patches of pure pine stands. Anolis peucephilus occurs syntopically with A. stevepoei. However, the latter species was found near the ground level sleeping on bushes and vines at night.	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF6DE78A7EC3FB93FDE8C12E.taxon	distribution	Geographic Distribution and Conservation. Anolis peucephilus is only known from the vicinity of the type locality in the southern Sierra Madre del Sur in southern Oaxaca at elevations between 1325 and 1924 masl (Fig. 111). More field work is needed in order to obtain a better understanding of the population size and the actual geographic distribution of this species before the conservation status can be assessed.	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF6DE78A7EC3FB93FDE8C12E.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined ⎯ Mexico: Oaxaca: ca. 27 km on road N San Gabriel Mixtepec (16.19135 ° N, 97.09820 ° W, WGS 84), 1325 m: SMF 96368 – 69; ca. 28 km on road N San Gabriel Mixtepec (16.19280 ° N, 97.10821 ° W), 1400 m: GK- 4137 – 38, 4467; ca. 27.5 km on road N San Gabriel Mixtepec (16.192160 ° N, 97.105160 ° W), 1380 m: SMF 96370; on road from San Gabriel Mixtepec to El Vidrio (16.218130 ° N, 97.147310 ° W), 1924 m: SMF 96725.	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF74E7857EC3FD79FCAFC729.taxon	description	Figs. 149 – 156	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF74E7857EC3FD79FCAFC729.taxon	type_taxon	Anolis macrinii Smith 1968: 143; type locality: “ Cafetal Santa Hedvigis, Pochutla, Oaxaca, ” Mexico. Holotype: MCZ 46202. Fitch & Henderson 1973, 1976, Smith & Smith 1976, Lieb 1981, Gorman et al. 1984, Flores-Villela 1993, Flores-Villela & Gerez 1994, Lieb 1995, Liner 2000, Lieb 2001, Liner 2007, Fläschendräger & Wijffels 2009, Urbina-Cardona & FloresVillela 2010, Wilson & Townsend 2010, Köhler et al. 2013 a, b, Wilson et al. 2013, Köhler 2014, Köhler et al. 2014	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF74E7857EC3FD79FCAFC729.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A large species (SVL in largest male 95.0 mm, largest female 96.0 mm) of the genus Anolis (sensu Poe 2004) that differs from all Mexican and Central American anoles by having a combination of (1) smooth to weakly keeled ventral scales; (2) 2 – 8 moderately to greatly enlarged supraoculars, arranged in 2 – 3 rows; (3) 2 – 6 rows of slightly to moderately enlarged dorsal scales that are smaller than ventral scales; (4) short hind legs, longest toe of adpressed hind leg usually reaching usually to level of ear opening, occasionally to posterior margin of eye, ratio shank length / SVL 0.22 – 0.25; (5) prenasal divided; and (6) a large orange dewlap in males and a moderate-sized brownish-orange dewlap in females.	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF74E7857EC3FD79FCAFC729.taxon	description	Description. Anolis macrinii is a large anole (maximum recorded SVL 95.0 mm in males, 96.0 mm in females); dorsal head scales in internasal region mostly keeled, other dorsal head scales smooth, rugose or tuberculate; moderately deep prefrontal depression present, parietal depression absent; 5 – 7 postrostrals; anterior nasal divided, the lower scale in contact with rostral and first supralabial; 6 – 8 internasals; canthal ridge sharply defined; scales comprising supraorbital semicircles weakly keeled (especially anterior ones whereas posterior ones smooth or with rounded keel), largest scale in semicircles larger than largest supraocular scale; supraorbital semicircles well defined; usually a single scale separating supraorbital semicircles at narrowest point, two scalesseparating supraorbital semicircles at narrowest point in one specimen (ENS 12012), narrowly in contact in two specimens (MCZ R- 46202, UIMNH 78762); 0 – 3 scales separating supraorbital semicircles and interparietal at narrowest point; interparietal well defined, greatly enlarged relative to adjacent scales, surrounded by scales of moderate size, longer than wide, usually about the same size as ear opening; 2 – 8 moderately to greatly enlarged supraoculars; enlarged supraoculars usually separated from supraorbital semicircles by a complete row of small scales, occasionally these scales narrowly in contact (e. g., narrowly in contact on one side in IBH 26580); 2 – 3 rows of small scales between enlarged supraoculars and superciliaries; 2 – 3 elongate superciliaries, anterior one longest, followed posteriorly by a series of 4 – 5 squarish, keeled scales of moderate size; 3 – 4 enlarged canthals; 6 – 9 scales between second canthals; 6 – 11 scales present between posterior canthals; loreal region slightly concave, 24 – 41 mostly keeled (some smooth or rugose) loreal scales in a maximum of 5 – 7 horizontal rows; 6 – 9 supralabials to level below center of eye; suboculars smooth, tuberculate, or keeled, in broad contact with supralabials (1 – 3 suboculars in contact with 1 – 4 supralabials); ear opening vertically oval; scales anterior to ear opening keeled granulars, slightly larger than those posterior to ear opening; 6 – 10 infralabials to level below center of eye; usually 4, occasionally 5 or 6 postmentals, outer pair at least four times larger than adjacent median postmental scales (Figs. 5 c, d); 0 – 3 (usually 2) enlarged sublabials in contact with infralabials on each side; keeled granular scales present on chin and throat; male dewlap very large, size 987, 1255 and 1463 mm 2, respectively, in three adult males (SMF 96208, 96388, 96387), extending well onto venter; female dewlap of moderate size, size 227 and 342 mm 2, respectively, in two adult females (SMF 96210, IBH 26577), extending onto chest; 9 – 11 horizontal gorgetal-sternal rows with 28 – 37 scales per row; modal number of marginal pairs 4 – 5; a nuchal crest and a dorsal ridge present in males; 2 – 6 middorsal scale rows slightly enlarged, weakly keeled, dorsal scales lateral to middorsal series gradually larger than granular lateral scales; no enlarged scales scattered among granular laterals in adults, but such scales present in the two juveniles (SVL 50 – 59 mm; 63 – 85 dorsal scales along vertebral midline between levels of axilla and groin in males, 65 – 87 in females; 38 – 58 dorsal scales along vertebral midline contained in one head length in males, 38 – 52 in females; ventral scales on midsection slightly larger than largest dorsal scales; scales on midventer smooth or weakly keeled, subimbricate to imbricate with rounded posterior margins; 62 – 78 ventral scales along midventral line between levels of axilla and groin in males, 59 – 78 in females; 40 – 64 ventral scales contained in one head length in males, 34 – 58 in females; 134 – 162 scales around midbody in males, 132 – 158 in females; tube-like axillary pocket absent; precloacal scales not keeled; males with 2 – 4 moderately to greatly enlarged postcloacal scales; tail laterally compressed in cross section, tail height / tail width 1.04 – 1.64 in males, 1.26 – 1.52 in females; basal subcaudal scales smooth or weakly keeled; lateral caudal scales keeled, homogeneous, although an indistinct division in segments is discernible; dorsomedial caudal scale row enlarged, keeled, not forming a crest; scales on anterodorsal surface of brachium and on dorsal surface of antebrachium keeled, unicarinate; 31 – 41 subdigital lamellae on Phalanges II – IV of Toe IV of hind limbs; 7 – 10 subdigital lamellae on distal phalanx of Toe IV of hind limbs; digital pads dilated, slightly more than three times the width of distal phalanx; in the twelve newly collected specimens, the longest toe of the adpressed hind leg reaching usually to level of ear opening, occasionally to posterior margin of eye. For variation in selected scalation and morphometric characters see Table 13. The coloration in life of an adult male (SMF 96208; Fig. 151 a) was recorded as follows: Dorsal ground color Olive Yellow (117) with Greenish Olive (125) and Dark Brownish Olive (127) splotches and streaks; a Medium Lime Green (114) ring around eye; dorsal surface of tail Olive Yellow (117) with Army Brown (46) bands and grading into Vandyke Brown (282) toward tip; dewlap Light Chrome Orange (76) with a suffusion of Buff (15) and a Pale Neutral Gray (296) basal blotch; ventral surface of head Pale Greenish Yellow (86) with Olive Clay Color (85) stipples; ventral surfaces of body and limbs Chamois (84); ventral surface of tail Trogon Yellow (81) with Olive Clay Color (85) stipples and grading into Vandyke Brown (282) towards tip; iris Brick Red (36). The coloration in life of an adult female (SMF 96207) was recorded as follows: Dorsal ground color Lime Green (116) with a suffusion of Clay Color (18) middorsally and with oblique rows of Cyan White (155) splotches; dewlap Mars Brown (25) with Chamois (84) scales; a Medium Paris White (140) ring around eye; ventral surface of head Pale Lime Green (112) with suffusions of Olive Yellow (117); ventral surfaces of body, limbs, and tail Pale Buff (1); iris Brick Red (36). The coloration in life of a juvenile female (SMF 96209; Fig. 151 e) was recorded as follows: Dorsal ground color Olive Clay Color (85) with Pale Greenish White (97) scattered scales and with a diffuse Raw Umber (22) reticulum; dorsal surface of tail Raw Umber (22) with Sepia (279) bands; a Greenish Glaucous (271) ring around eye; dewlap Dark Salmon Color (252) with Warm Buff (4) gorgetals and marginals; ventral surfaces of head, body, and limbs Pale Pinkish Buff (3); ventral head suffused with Buff (5); Mikado Brown (42) lip bars partially reach onto ventral portion of head; iris Chestnut (30). Whereas the majority of specimens of Anolis macrinii have a more or less uniformly colored dorsum, ENS 12012 (MZFC uncatalogued) and SMF 96648 (Fig. 151 f) have distinct dark broad bands running transversely across the dorsal and lateral surfaces of the body. The completely everted hemipenis of SMF 96387 (Fig. 156) is a small, slightly bilobate organ; lobes weakly developed; sulcus spermaticus bordered by well developed sulcal lips and opening into a broad concave area on apex, somewhat divided medially; a well developed asulcate ridge and a small asulcate processus present; asulcate side of apex strongly calyculate; asulcate ridge and truncus with transverse folds.	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF74E7857EC3FD79FCAFC729.taxon	biology_ecology	Natural History Notes: The habitat of Anolis macrinii in the vicinity of Santiago La Galera is mostly semideciduous forest but we found some individuals also on trees within shaded coffee plantations. The specimens we collected were perched mostly on bushes and small trees, 100 – 250 cm above the ground. Two individuals were found at night, the others during daytime. Those discovered during the day were all awake, usually motionless, and very well camouflaged. One of the two specimens encountered sleeping at night was a subadult male (IBH 26580) that was on a branch of a bush about 150 cm above the ground. The other was an adult female that was sleeping on a coffee leaf with the head pointing up toward the main branch. At midday, one juvenile was encountered sitting head down on one of the main vertical branches of a coffee plant. Analysis of the fecal droppings revealed remains of Caelifera, Coleoptera, and Heteroptera.	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF74E7857EC3FD79FCAFC729.taxon	distribution	Geographic Distribution and Conservation. As currently known, Anolis macrinii is restricted to the coffee growing region and forested hills north of the city of San Pedro Pochutla in the southern central portion of the Mexican State of Oaxaca at elevations between 1025 and 1370 masl (Fig. 158). On the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Anolis macrinii is listed as Least Concern and the population trend is given as stable (IUCN, 2012). Although we wonder who has the data to support this supposed population trend, given that so few specimens are known to science, we would agree that this species was not uncommon in the surroundings of Santiago La Galera, as evidenced by the seven individuals we encountered during three days of search. On the other hand, this species is given a Conservation Status Score of 3 by Wilson and Townsend (2010), which is the highest level of conservation concern, essentially the opposite of the IUCN determination. It indicates restriction to a single country, physiographic region, and vegetation zone. More fieldwork is needed in order to get a better understanding of the population size and the actual geographic distribution of this species. On the national level, A. macrinii is in the category “ special protection ” (Pr) by NOM- 059 - SEMARNAT- 2008, the lowest category (Diario Oficial de la Federación, 2010).	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF74E7857EC3FD79FCAFC729.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined ⎯ Mexico: Oaxaca: Cafetal Santa Hedvigis near Pochutla: MCZ R- 46202, UIMNH 78762; Carretera Pochutla- San José Pacífico: ENS 12012, 12022 (MZFC uncatalogued); Copalita: SMF 96209; road to Molino de Piedra Juquilita: MZFC 22631; Pluma Hidalgo: MZFC 16565; near Pluma Hidalgo: SMF 96387, SMF 96720 – 21; Río Eureka, Pluma Hidalgo: MZFC 22636; Santiago la Galera: IBH 26577, 26580, 26583; SMF 96207, 96210; Sierra Madre del Sur, Santiago La Galera: MZFC 16425; Taquería Santiaguita: SMF 96208; Tierra Blanca: SMF 96722; near Tierra Blanca: SMF 96388; Carretera Pochutla-Oaxaca: UTAR- 52813; 41.4 km S of San Miguel Suchixtepec [by Mexico Hwy. 175]: MVZ 165249.	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF7DE7FE7EC3FA5DFA4FC373.taxon	description	Figs. 158 – 164	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF7DE7FE7EC3FA5DFA4FC373.taxon	type_taxon	Anolis unilobatus Köhler & Vesely 2010: 217; type locality: “ Awasbila, a village along Río Coco, 14 ° 47 ’ N, 84 ° 45 ’ W, 60 m, Departamento Gracias a Dios, Honduras. ” Holotype: SMF 87133. Nieto Montes de Oca et al. 2013, Köhler 2014, Köhler et al. 2014	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF7DE7FE7EC3FA5DFA4FC373.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A small species (SVL in largest male 48.5 mm, largest female 48.5 mm) of the genus Anolis (sensu Poe 2004) that differs from all Mexican and Central American anoles except A. sericeus and A. wellbornae by the following combination of characters: (1) male dewlap yellowish orange with large blue to purple blotch (Fig. 159); (2) short legged (longest toe of adpressed hind limb reaching to a point between shoulder and ear opening, rarely beyond ear opening); (3) ear opening very small (less than ¼ the size of interparietal plate); (4) anterior superciliary conspicuously large and elongate; (5) ventral scales strongly keeled and mucronate; (6) males without a pair of enlarged postcloacal scales. Anolis unilobatus differs from A. sericeus and A. wellbornae by having a unilobate hemipenis (bilobate in A. sericeus and A. wellbornae). Furthermore, A. unilobatus can be distinguished from A. sericeus in dewlap size (A. unilobatus: male dewlap larger than 100 mm 2, no female dewlap; A. sericeus: male dewlap smaller than 50 mm 2, females with a dewlap of about the size of the male dewlap).	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF7DE7FE7EC3FA5DFA4FC373.taxon	description	Description. Anolis unilobatus is a small anole (maximum recorded SVL 48.5 mm in males, 48.5 mm in females); dorsal head scales in internasal region weakly to strongly keeled, in prefrontal, parietal, and frontal areas usually flat, occasionally rugose or weakly keeled; weak to moderately deep prefrontal depression present, parietal depression usually absent, if present very shallow; 5 – 8 postrostrals; a single anterior nasal in contact with rostral and first supralabial, occasionally only with rostral scale; 7 – 9 internasals; canthal ridge sharply defined; scales comprising supraorbital semicircles well defined, posterior ones smooth, anterior ones weakly keeled, largest scale in semicircles subequal or larger than largest supraocular scale; supraorbital semicircles usually broadly in contact, occasionally separated by a complete row of scales; 0 – 3 scales separating supraorbital semicircles and interparietal at narrowest point; interparietal well defined, greatly enlarged relative to adjacent scales, surrounded by scales of moderate size anteriorly and by small to moderate size scales posteriorly, usually longer than wide, larger than ear opening; enlarged supraoculars usually separated from supraorbital semicircles by a complete row of small scales, occasionally these scales narrowly in contact; 2 – 3 scales between enlarged supraoculars and superciliaries; a single large elongated superciliary, followed posteriorly by a series of 7 – 8 rounded to squarish scales of moderate size; 4 enlarged canthals, the second canthal usually largest; 6 – 9 scales between second canthals; 8 – 12 scales present between posterior canthals; loreal region slightly concave, 23 – 47 mostly keeled (some smooth or rugose) loreal scales in a maximum of 5 – 6 horizontal rows; 6 – 9 supralabials to level below center of eye; suboculars keeled, in broad contact with supralabials (1 – 3 suboculars in contact with 2 – 4 supralabials); ear opening vertically oval, oriented slightly obliquely; scales anterior to ear opening granulars, about two to three times as large than those posterior to ear opening; 5 – 8 infralabials to level below center of eye; 4 – 6 (usually 6) postmentals, outer pair not enlarged relative to adjacent median postmental scales; no sublabials in contact with infralabials; small keeled scales present on chin and throat; male dewlap moderate-sized, extending from level below center of eye to level of chest; 8 – 9 horizontal gorgetal-sternal rows with 6 – 12 scales per row; modal number of marginal pairs 1 – 2; female dewlap very small; a nuchal crest and a dorsal ridge present in males; scales on middorsum weakly keeled, subimbricate, with rounded posterior margins; 12 – 22 middorsal scale rows slightly to moderately enlarged, with a gradual transition to lateral scales; lateral scales keeled, granular, usually homogeneous, occasionally slightly heterogeneous; 54 – 74 dorsal scales along vertebral midline between levels of axilla and groin in males, 56 – 74 in females; 30 – 38 dorsal scales along vertebral midline contained in one head length in males, 28 – 44 in females; ventral scales on midsection larger than largest dorsal scales; scales on midventer strongly keeled, mucronate, subimbricate to imbricate; 41 – 55 ventral scales along midventral line between levels of axilla and groin in males, 37 – 51 in females; 22 – 32 ventral scales contained in one head length in males, 22 – 32 in females; 112 – 130 scales around midbody in males, 110 – 132 in females; tube-like axillary pocket absent; precloacal scales smooth or weakly keeled; postcloacal scales not enlarged; tail slightly to moderately compressed in cross section, tail height / tail width 1.18 – 1.54 in males, 1.06 – 1.40 in females; caudal scales strongly keeled, homogeneous, without whorls of enlarged scales, although an indistinct division in segments is discernible; dorsal medial caudal scale row slightly enlarged, not forming a crest; scales on anterodorsal surface of brachium and on dorsal surface of antebrachium usually imbricate, strongly keeled, unicarinate, mucronate; 20 – 26 subdigital lamellae on Phalanges II – IV of Toe IV of hind limbs; 5 – 8 subdigital lamellae on distal phalanx of Toe IV of hind limbs; digital pads dilated, two to three times the width of distal phalanx. In all specimens examined, the longest toe of the adpressed hind leg reaches to level of tympanum or to a point between shoulder and tympanum, rarely beyond tympanum. For variation in selected scalation and morphometric characters see Table 14. The coloration in life of an adult male (SMF 96277) was recorded as follows: Dorsal surface of body Light Buff (2); dorsal surface of limbs Cinnamon (21); ventral surface of body, limbs and tail Pale Pinkish Buff (3); dewlap Orange Yellow (8) with Light Pratt´s Rufous (71) stripes and a Campanula (200) blotch. The coloration in life of another adult male (IBH 26571) was recorded as follows: Dorsal surface of body Light Buff (2); dorsal surface of limbs Cinnamon (255); Snout Light Orange Yellow (7); interorbital bar Umber (51); ventral surfaces of body Chamois (84); dewlap Orange Yellow (8) with light Pratt´s Rufous (71) Stripes and a Campanula (200) blotch; iris Tawny Olive (17). The coloration in life of an adult female (SMF 96470) was recorded as follows: Dorsal color of body and tail Cream White (52) with a Cinnamon Drab (50) vertebral line edged by two Sulphur Yellow (91) lines; dorsal surface of legs Cinnamon (21); ventral surface of body, legs, and tail Pale Pinkish Buff (3); chin Smokey White (261) with Warm Sepia (40) dots; dewlap Medium Chrome Orange (75) with Spectrum Blue blotch; iris Brussels Brown (33). The coloration in life of another adult female (SMF 96278; Fig. 159 d) was recorded as follows: Dorsal ground color Pale Pinkish Buff (3) with suffusions of Tawny Olive (17) on head and with a medially interrupted Clay Color (20) interorbital bar; dorsal surface of limbs Dark Drab (45); ventral surfaces of body, limbs and tail Buff (2); dewlap Burnt Orange (10) with a Campanula (20) blotch and with Pale Buff (1) gorgetals; iris Raw Umber (22). The completely everted hemipenis of SMF 84457 (Fig. 164) is a small, unilobate organ; sulcus spermaticus bifurcating at base of apex into two branches that open into two apical fields, one on each side of apex; a large ridge-like double fold across sagittal plane of apex present; no surface ornamentation discernable.	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF7DE7FE7EC3FA5DFA4FC373.taxon	biology_ecology	Natural History Notes: In most areas where this species occurs, it is commonly encountered. In the vicinity of Zanatepec, Oaxaca, we collected six individuals of this species within about one hour of night searching. In the more western portions of its range, A. unilobatus seems to become more and more uncommon, and we encountered only few specimens of this species around the cities of Puerto Escondido and Huatulco, respectively. West of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, A. unilobatus occurs syntopically with A. boulengerianus, which usually is far more abundant than A. unilobatus. Thus, aside from climatic factors, ecological competition might be one reason for the relative scarcity of A. unilobatus in the western portion of its range.	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF7DE7FE7EC3FA5DFA4FC373.taxon	distribution	Geographic Distribution and Conservation. Anolis unilobatus is distributed from Costa Rica across most of Nicaragua (except northwestern corner of the country), Honduras, (except southern portion of the country), along the Caribbean versant of Guatemala and Chiapas, Mexico, to the Isthmus of Tehuantepec where it crosses to the Pacific versant and continues along the Pacific versant of Chiapas and Guatemala to about Mazatenango and northward to eastern Guerrero; from sea level to about 1200 masl (see Fig. 165 for localities in study area). Given its large geographic range and abundance at most localities where this species occurs, it seems justified to classify A. unilobatus as Least Concern based on the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN 2012).	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
8A288798FF7DE7FE7EC3FA5DFA4FC373.taxon	materials_examined	Specimens examined ⎯ Mexico: Guerrero: road from San Juan Colorado to Villanueva, 750 m: SMF 96470; Oaxaca: 23 km WNW (on road) Tehuantepec, 175 m: IBH 26989, SMF 96471; 23.8 mi NW (by road) Tehuantepec: UTA R- 4326; Huatulco, 90 m: SMF 96276; Parque National Huatulco, 10 m: IBH 26992; Puerto Escondido, Punta Colorada, 40 m: SMF 96280; Puerto Escondido, Universidad del Mar, 80 m: IBH 26569; Zanatepec, 50 m: IBH 26570 – 71, 26574, 26609, SMF 96277 – 78; Chimalapa, 650 m: SMF 96275; north of Juchitán: SMF 78463, 78466 – 68; 5 km W Mixtequilla: SMF 84066, 84595.	en	Köhler, Gunther, Pérez, Raúl Gómez Trejo, Petersen, Claus Bo P., Méndez, Fausto R., Cruz, De La (2014): A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 1-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3862.1.1
