identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
038D2962FF9F1B145EE0FAA5FE9BFE0E.text	038D2962FF9F1B145EE0FAA5FE9BFE0E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catocala faustina subsp. allusa Hulst 1884	<div><p>Catocala faustina ssp. allusa Hulst, stat. n.</p> <p>Fig. 1 (lectotype)</p> <p>Catocala allusa Hulst, 1884: 45</p> <p>Catocala allusa; Barnes and McDunnough 1918: 22</p> <p>Catocala allusa; McDunnough 1938: 116</p> <p>Catocala allusa; Franclemont and Todd 1983: 128</p> <p>Type material. Catocala allusa: the original description does not state the number of types. A female type is at the USNM, and is designated as lectotype to clarify applica-</p> <p>tion of the name allusa. Th e lectotype bears the labels “Was. T.”, “ Catocala / allusa / Orig. Type. Hulst”, “Type No. / 33992 / U.S. N.M.” Th e geographic distribution of Catocala allusa is broadly parapatric with that of Catocala faustina Strecker, 1873 in northwestern North America; C. allusa blends with C. faustina cleopatra Strecker, 1874 in northwestern California, and with C. faustina faustina in the Rocky Mountains of Idaho, Wyoming and Montana. Th e larvae of C. allusa and C. faustina also do not differ appreciably, and so we place C. allusa as a subspecies of Catocala faustina Streck- er, 1873. We refer material from the coastal areas of northern California, Oregon, Washington and British Columbia to C. faustina allusa. Type Locality: Was[hington] T [erritory, USA].</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D2962FF9F1B145EE0FAA5FE9BFE0E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gall, Lawrence;Hawks, David	Gall, Lawrence, Hawks, David (2010): Systematics of moths in the genus Catocala (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) IV. Nomenclatorial stabilization of the Nearctic fauna, with a revised synonymic check list. ZooKeys 39 (39): 37-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.425
038D2962FF9E1B145EE0FDD9FD2FFBA4.text	038D2962FF9E1B145EE0FDD9FD2FFBA4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catocala junctura Walker 1858	<div><p>Catocala junctura syn. augusta H. Edwards, syn. n.</p> <p>Fig. 2 (lectotype)</p> <p>Catocala augusta H. Edwards, 1875a: 1</p> <p>Catocala aspasia form augusta; Barnes and McDunnough 1918: 31</p> <p>Catocala arizonae ssp. augusta; McDunnough 1938: 117</p> <p>Catocala arizonae ssp. augusta; Franclemont and Todd 1983: 129</p> <p>Type material. Catocala augusta: the original description states “Mrs. Behrens took two specimens of this charming insect in August last.” A female type is at the AMNH, and is designated as lectotype to clarify application of the name augusta. The lectotype bears the labels “6035 / S. Diego / Califor.”, “No. 12654 / Collection / Hy. Edwards”, “Type / No. / A.M.N.H.”, “Type. / augusta / Hy. Edws.” Th e lectotype of C. augusta is a typical specimen of the widespread and morphologically variable C. junctura Walker [1858]. Type Locality: San Diego, Califor[nia, USA].</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D2962FF9E1B145EE0FDD9FD2FFBA4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gall, Lawrence;Hawks, David	Gall, Lawrence, Hawks, David (2010): Systematics of moths in the genus Catocala (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) IV. Nomenclatorial stabilization of the Nearctic fauna, with a revised synonymic check list. ZooKeys 39 (39): 37-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.425
038D2962FF9E1B175EE0FB36FC8BF996.text	038D2962FF9E1B175EE0FB36FC8BF996.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catocala agrippina Strecker 1874	<div><p>Catocala agrippina syn. barnesii French</p> <p>Fig. 3 (lectotype)</p> <p>Catocala barnesii French, 1900: 190</p> <p>Catocala agrippina syn. barnesi; Barnes and McDunnough 1918: 12</p> <p>Catocala agrippina syn. barnesi; McDunnough 1938: 115</p> <p>Catocala agrippina syn. barnesi; Franclemont and Todd 1983: 128</p> <p>Type material. Catocala barnesii: the original description states “two examples from San Antonio, Texas; in the cabinet of Dr. Wm. Barnes, Decatur Ill.” Th ese syntypes are at the USNM, and a male is designated as lectotype to clarify application of the name barnesii. Th e lectotype bears the labels “San Antonio / Texas ”, “barnesii [sic] / Type”, “Barnes / Collection.” Type Locality: San Antonio, Texas, [USA].</p> <p>Figures Ι–8. Type specimens of Catocala. Ι lectotype, C. allusa Hulst, 1884 2 lectotype, C. augusta H. Edwards, 1875 3 lectotype C. barnesii French, 1900 4 lectotype, C. beutenmuelleri Barnes &amp; McDunnough, 1910 5 lectotype, C. blandula Hulst, 1884 6 lectotype, C. caerulea Beutenmüller, 1907 7 lectotype, C. carissima Hulst, 1880 8 lectotype, C. cassandra H. Edwards, 1875.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D2962FF9E1B175EE0FB36FC8BF996	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gall, Lawrence;Hawks, David	Gall, Lawrence, Hawks, David (2010): Systematics of moths in the genus Catocala (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) IV. Nomenclatorial stabilization of the Nearctic fauna, with a revised synonymic check list. ZooKeys 39 (39): 37-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.425
038D2962FF9C1B165EE0FCB5FC0FFB11.text	038D2962FF9C1B165EE0FCB5FC0FFB11.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catocala blandula Hulst 1884	<div><p>Catocala blandula Hulst</p> <p>Fig. 5 (lectotype)</p> <p>Catocala blandula Hulst, 1884: 38</p> <p>Catocala blandula; Barnes and McDunnough 1918: 41</p> <p>Catocala blandula; McDunnough 1938: 118</p> <p>Catocala blandula; Franclemont and Todd 1983: 129</p> <p>Type material. Catocala blandula: the original description does not state the number of types. A male and female type are at the AMNH, and the male is designated as lectotype to clarify application of the name blandula. Th e lectotype bears the labels “♁”, “Vt.”, “Collection / GDHulst”, “ Catocala / blandula / Type Hulst.” Type Locality: hereby restricted to V [ermon]t, [USA] on the basis of the lectotype label.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D2962FF9C1B165EE0FCB5FC0FFB11	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gall, Lawrence;Hawks, David	Gall, Lawrence, Hawks, David (2010): Systematics of moths in the genus Catocala (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) IV. Nomenclatorial stabilization of the Nearctic fauna, with a revised synonymic check list. ZooKeys 39 (39): 37-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.425
038D2962FF9C1B165EE0FF33FC3AFD21.text	038D2962FF9C1B165EE0FF33FC3AFD21.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catocala verrilliana Grote 1875	<div><p>Catocala verrilliana syn. beutenmuelleri Barnes &amp; McDunnough, syn. n.</p> <p>Fig. 4 (lectotype)</p> <p>Catocala beutenmuelleri Barnes &amp; McDunnough, 1910: 251</p> <p>Catocala verrilliana race beutenmuelleri; Barnes and McDunnough 1918: 37</p> <p>Catocala verrilliana ssp. beutenmulleri; McDunnough 1938: 117</p> <p>Catocala verrilliana ssp. beutenmulleri; Franclemont and Todd 1983: 129</p> <p>Type material. Catocala beutenmuelleri: the original description states “Provo Ut. (Spalding), 3 ♁, 1 ♀. Type, coll. Barnes.” A male type is at the USNM, and is designat- ed as lectotype to clarify application of the name beutenmuelleri. The lectotype bears the labels “Tom Spalding / VIII-2-9 / Provo Utah ”, “ Catocala / beutenmuelleri / B+McD / Type ♁.” The name beutenmuelleri has been retained since Barnes and McDunnough (1918) as a western subspecies of C. verrilliana Grote, 1875. However, specimens referable to C. beutenmuelleri are part of the normal infrapopulational variation seen throughout the geographic range of C. verrilliana. Type Locality: Provo, Ut[ah, USA].</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D2962FF9C1B165EE0FF33FC3AFD21	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gall, Lawrence;Hawks, David	Gall, Lawrence, Hawks, David (2010): Systematics of moths in the genus Catocala (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) IV. Nomenclatorial stabilization of the Nearctic fauna, with a revised synonymic check list. ZooKeys 39 (39): 37-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.425
038D2962FF9C1B195EE0FAA5FCC3FEBE.text	038D2962FF9C1B195EE0FAA5FCC3FEBE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catocala faustina subsp. allusa Hulst 1884	<div><p>Catocala faustina ssp. allusa syn. caerulea Beutenmüller, syn. n.</p> <p>Fig. 6 (lectotype)</p> <p>Catocala caerulea Beutenmüller, 1903: 939</p> <p>Catocala faustina race caerulea; Barnes and McDunnough 1918: 23</p> <p>Catocala cleopatra ssp. caerulea; McDunnough 1938: 116</p> <p>Catocala cleopatra ssp. caerulea; Franclemont and Todd 1983: 128</p> <p>Type material. Catocala caerulea: the original description does not state the number of types. Th ere are two male types at the AMNH, and one is designated as lectotype</p> <p>to clarify application of the name caerulea. Th e lectotype bears the labels “ Oregon ”, “Type / No. / A.M.N.H.”, “ Catocala / caerulea / Beut.” The name caerulea has been treated since Barnes and McDunnough (1917) as a subspecies of nominate C. faustina, but the name allusa Hulst, 1884 has priority over the name caerulea for the coastal northwestern subspecies. Type Locality: Oregon, [USA].</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D2962FF9C1B195EE0FAA5FCC3FEBE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gall, Lawrence;Hawks, David	Gall, Lawrence, Hawks, David (2010): Systematics of moths in the genus Catocala (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) IV. Nomenclatorial stabilization of the Nearctic fauna, with a revised synonymic check list. ZooKeys 39 (39): 37-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.425
038D2962FF931B195EE0FE09FB99FB87.text	038D2962FF931B195EE0FE09FB99FB87.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catocala carissima Hulst 1880	<div><p>Catocala carissima Hulst, stat. n.</p> <p>Fig. 7 (lectotype)</p> <p>Catocala carissima Hulst, 1880: 97</p> <p>Catocala cara race carissima; Barnes and McDunnough 1918: 31</p> <p>Catocala cara ssp. carissima; McDunnough 1938: 117</p> <p>Catocala cara ssp. carissima; Franclemont and Todd 1983: 129</p> <p>Type material. Catocala carissima: Th e original description does not state the number of types. Several types are at the AMNH, and a male is designated as lectotype to clarify application of the name carissima. Th e lectotype bears the labels “Fla.”, “Collection / GDHulst”, “ Catocala / cara / var. carissima / Type Hulst.” Hulst (1880: 97) stated “We have a form of Catocala cara which is not found in the North and which seems to be the constant form in the South.” Specimens of C. cara and C. carissima are readily separable, and despite the fact that C. cara is principally northern and C. carissima principally southern, a zone of sympatry extends across much of the southern United States. Th e egg of C. carissima is consistently smaller than that of C. cara (eggs from several females of each taxon have been examined; this size difference is unusual among related species of Catocala). We have never reared C. carissima from C. cara females, out of a half dozen broods from differing locations in the USA, and hence elevate C. carissima to species rank. Type Locality: hereby restricted to Fl[orid]a, [USA] on the basis of the lectotype locality label.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D2962FF931B195EE0FE09FB99FB87	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gall, Lawrence;Hawks, David	Gall, Lawrence, Hawks, David (2010): Systematics of moths in the genus Catocala (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) IV. Nomenclatorial stabilization of the Nearctic fauna, with a revised synonymic check list. ZooKeys 39 (39): 37-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.425
038D2962FF931B185EE0FB53FE4BFF14.text	038D2962FF931B185EE0FB53FE4BFF14.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catocala electilis Walker 1858	<div><p>Catocala electilis syn. cassandra H. Edwards</p> <p>Fig. 8 (lectotype)</p> <p>Catocala cassandra H. Edwards, 1875b: 214</p> <p>Catocala electilis syn. cassandra; Barnes and McDunnough 1918: 30</p> <p>Catocala electilis syn. cassandra; McDunnough 1938: 117</p> <p>Catocala electilis syn. cassandra; Franclemont and Todd 1983: 129</p> <p>Type material. Catocala cassandra: the original description states “Guadalajara, Mexico, Baron Terloo. (Coll. Hy. Edw.).” A male type is at the AMNH, and is designated as lectotype to clarify application of the name cassandra. Th e lectotype bears the labels “6034 / Mexico ”, “Type / No. / A.M.N.H.”, “No. 11763 / Collection / Hy. Edwards.”, “ Catocala type / cassandra Hy. Ed. / Guadalajara. Mex.”, “ C. electilis /</p> <p>v. cassandra / Hy. Edw.”, “in coll. as / Catocala / electilis / Walker.” Type Locality: Guadalajara, Mexico.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D2962FF931B185EE0FB53FE4BFF14	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gall, Lawrence;Hawks, David	Gall, Lawrence, Hawks, David (2010): Systematics of moths in the genus Catocala (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) IV. Nomenclatorial stabilization of the Nearctic fauna, with a revised synonymic check list. ZooKeys 39 (39): 37-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.425
038D2962FF921B185EE0FEA6FBEDFB11.text	038D2962FF921B185EE0FEA6FBEDFB11.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catocala praeclara subsp. charlottae Brou 1988	<div><p>Catocala praeclara ssp. charlottae Brou, stat. n.</p> <p>Catocala charlottae Brou, 1988: 116</p> <p>Type material. Catocala charlottae: holotype ♁ [USNM, examined]. Th e original description inexplicably compared C. charlottae only to the sympatric C. alabamae Grote, 1875, and not to the more similar and widespread C. praeclara Grote &amp; Robinson, 1866. Specimens of C. charlottae have been reported from a scattering of counties abutting or near the Gulf of Mexico in Louisiana, Mississippi, and Florida; although several hundred specimens have been collected from the type locality (Abita Springs) only a few dozen specimens exist from all other localities combined. Th e type locality of C. charlottae is also the most southwesterly population known for praeclara, and appears to be somewhat isolated geographically from other Gulf Coast populations, although we suspect this may be an artifact of limited sampling. We have examined a series of over one hundred topotypes of C. charlottae, and although these are fairly homogeneous (forewings largely lacking both the lustrous blue-green scaling and prominent basal dash, and with an overshading of brown), about five percent of the topotypes are like C. praeclara from other localities in North America. Baggett (1989) reported that “ charlottae and a praeclara -like morph were reared from the same batch of eggs,” and J. Slotten (in litt.) has reared specimens both with and without the basal dash from the same female. Th e larva of C. charlottae is similar to nominate C. praeclara, and unlike the larva of C. alabamae. Given these rearing results, and the broad overlap in morphological variation of adult C. charlottae and C. praeclara, we consider C. charlottae to be best treated as a subspecies of C. praeclara Grote &amp; Robinson, 1866. Additional collecting and ex ovis rearing are desirable from the southern United States, notably in the apparent sampling gap in Mississippi and Alabama. See the account for C. manitoba Beutenmüller, 1908 below for further discussion of geographic variability in C. praeclara. Type Locality: 4.2 mi. NE Abita Springs, S[ain]t Tammany Parish, Louisiana, [USA].</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D2962FF921B185EE0FEA6FBEDFB11	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gall, Lawrence;Hawks, David	Gall, Lawrence, Hawks, David (2010): Systematics of moths in the genus Catocala (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) IV. Nomenclatorial stabilization of the Nearctic fauna, with a revised synonymic check list. ZooKeys 39 (39): 37-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.425
038D2962FF921B1A5EE0FAA5FEF1FEBD.text	038D2962FF921B1A5EE0FAA5FEF1FEBD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catocala concumbens Walker 1858	<div><p>Catocala concumbens Walker</p> <p>Fig. 9 (lectotype)</p> <p>Catocala concumbens Walker, [1858]: 1198</p> <p>Catocala concumbens; Barnes and McDunnough 1918: 32</p> <p>Catocala concumbens; McDunnough 1938: 117</p> <p>Catocala concumbens; Franclemont and Todd 1983: 129</p> <p>Type material. Catocala concumbens: the original description states “a. Orilla [sic], West Canada. From Mr. Bush’s collection. b. North America.” A female type is at</p> <p>Figures 9–Ι6. Type specimens of Catocala. 9 lectotype, C. concumbens Walker, [1858] Ι0 lectotype, C. cordelia H. Edwards, 1880 ΙΙ lectotype, C. crataegi Saunders, 1876 Ι 2 lectotype, C. diantha Beutenmüller, 1907 Ι 3 lectotype, C. dionyza H. Edwards, 1885 Ι 4 neotype, C. dollii Beutenmüller, 1907 Ι 5 lectotype, C. elda Behrens, 1887 Ι 6 lectotype, C. euphemia Beutenmüller, 1907.</p> <p>the BMNH, and is designated as lectotype to clarify application of the name concumbens. Th e lectotype bears the labels “ Canada / Ontario / Orilla / Bush. / 56-13”, “ Canada W. / 56-13 [and on the reverse:] Catocala / concumbens / Walker Type.” Type Locality: hereby restricted to Orillia, [Ontario,] Canada on the basis of the lectotype label.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D2962FF921B1A5EE0FAA5FEF1FEBD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gall, Lawrence;Hawks, David	Gall, Lawrence, Hawks, David (2010): Systematics of moths in the genus Catocala (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) IV. Nomenclatorial stabilization of the Nearctic fauna, with a revised synonymic check list. ZooKeys 39 (39): 37-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.425
038D2962FF901B1A5EE0FE09FEF6FC71.text	038D2962FF901B1A5EE0FE09FEF6FC71.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catocala connubialis Guenee 1852	<div><p>Catocala connubialis syn. cordelia H. Edwards</p> <p>Fig. 10 (lectotype)</p> <p>Catocala cordelia H. Edwards, 1880b: 59</p> <p>Catocala cordelia; Barnes and McDunnough 1918: 44</p> <p>Catocala connubialis syn. cordelia; McDunnough 1938: 118</p> <p>Catocala connubialis syn. cordelia; Franclemont and Todd 1983: 129</p> <p>Type material. Catocala cordelia: the original description states “five specimens… Types, coll. Dr. James S. Bailey, Hy. Edwards.” A male type is at the AMNH, and is designated as lectotype to clarify application of the name cordelia. Th e lectotype bears the labels “Tallahassee / Florida.”, “Type / No. / A.M.N.H.”, “No. 11793 / Collection / Hy. Edwards.”, “ Catocala / cordelia / Type / Hy. Ed.” Type Locality: Tallahassee, Florida, [USA].</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D2962FF901B1A5EE0FE09FEF6FC71	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gall, Lawrence;Hawks, David	Gall, Lawrence, Hawks, David (2010): Systematics of moths in the genus Catocala (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) IV. Nomenclatorial stabilization of the Nearctic fauna, with a revised synonymic check list. ZooKeys 39 (39): 37-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.425
038D2962FF901B1A5EE0FC45FBFDFA44.text	038D2962FF901B1A5EE0FC45FBFDFA44.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catocala crataegi Saunders 1876	<div><p>Catocala crataegi Saunders</p> <p>Fig. 11 (lectotype)</p> <p>Catocala crataegi Saunders, 1876: 72</p> <p>Catocala crataegi; Barnes and McDunnough 1918: 39</p> <p>Catocala crataegi; McDunnough 1938: 118</p> <p>Catocala crataegi; Franclemont and Todd 1983: 129</p> <p>Type material. Catocala crataegi: the original description cites “[adult] specimens [reared from larvae] taken by bush beating about the middle of June.” Barnes and McDunnough (1918: 39) referred to a male type at the BMNH, and it is designated as lectotype to clarify application of the name crataegi. Th e lectotype bears the labels “Grote Coll. / 81-116”, Canada / Saunders”, “ Canada / 81-116 [and on the reverse:] Catocala / crataegi / Type Saunders.” Type Locality: [London, Ontario, Canada].</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D2962FF901B1A5EE0FC45FBFDFA44	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gall, Lawrence;Hawks, David	Gall, Lawrence, Hawks, David (2010): Systematics of moths in the genus Catocala (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) IV. Nomenclatorial stabilization of the Nearctic fauna, with a revised synonymic check list. ZooKeys 39 (39): 37-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.425
038D2962FF901B1D5EE0F996FE78FDD1.text	038D2962FF901B1D5EE0F996FE78FDD1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catocala mira Grote 1918	<div><p>Catocala mira syn. dana Cassino, syn. n.</p> <p>Catocala mira var. dana Cassino, 1918a: 54</p> <p>Catocala mira ssp. dana; McDunnough 1938: 118</p> <p>Catocala mira ssp. dana; Franclemont and Todd 1983: 129</p> <p>Type material. Catocala mira var. dana: the original description states a “ Holotype ♁ in the collection of the author.” Th ere is a female at the USNM [Type No. 44533, examined] with a Cassino type label and appropriate locality data, and because Cassino often missexed his material, we consider this female to be his holotype. The name dana has in the past been treated as a subspecies of C. mira Grote, 1876, probably based on small sample sizes and limited knowledge of geographic variation in this species. We have examined large numbers of C. mira from throughout North America, and find the name dana to be neither distinctive nor geographically definable. Type Locality: Springfield, Texas, [USA].</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D2962FF901B1D5EE0F996FE78FDD1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gall, Lawrence;Hawks, David	Gall, Lawrence, Hawks, David (2010): Systematics of moths in the genus Catocala (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) IV. Nomenclatorial stabilization of the Nearctic fauna, with a revised synonymic check list. ZooKeys 39 (39): 37-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.425
038D2962FF971B1D5EE0FDE5FEB7FBC1.text	038D2962FF971B1D5EE0FDE5FEB7FBC1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catocala habilis Grote 1872	<div><p>Catocala habilis syn. denussa Ehrman, syn. rev.</p> <p>Catocala denussa Ehrman, 1893: 152</p> <p>Catocala denussa; Beutenmüller 1913: 97</p> <p>Catocala denussa; Barnes and McDunnough 1918: 9</p> <p>Catocala palaeogama syn. denussa; McDunnough 1938: 115</p> <p>Catocala palaeogama syn. denussa; Franclemont and Todd 1983: 128</p> <p>Type material. Catocala denussa: the holotype male [CMNH, examined] is a melanic aberrant of C. habilis Grote, 1872 as originally suggested by Ehrman and Beutenmüller (1913). The name was incorrectly placed as a synonym of C. palaeogama Guenée, 1852 in McDunnough (1938). Type Locality: [Browns Hills, Pittsburgh], Allegeny County, Penn[sylvania, USA].</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D2962FF971B1D5EE0FDE5FEB7FBC1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gall, Lawrence;Hawks, David	Gall, Lawrence, Hawks, David (2010): Systematics of moths in the genus Catocala (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) IV. Nomenclatorial stabilization of the Nearctic fauna, with a revised synonymic check list. ZooKeys 39 (39): 37-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.425
038D2962FF971B1D5EE0FB15FC42F977.text	038D2962FF971B1D5EE0FB15FC42F977.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catocala hermia subsp. hermia	<div><p>Catocala hermia ssp. hermia syn. diantha Beutenmüller</p> <p>Fig. 12 (lectotype)</p> <p>Catocala diantha Beutenmüller, 1907: 937</p> <p>Catocala verecunda syn. diantha; Barnes and McDunnough 1918: 21</p> <p>Catocala hermia ssp. verecunda syn. diantha; McDunnough 1938: 116</p> <p>Catocala hermia ssp. verecunda syn. diantha; Franclemont and Todd 1983: 128</p> <p>Type material. Catocala diantha: the original description states “Collections, William Barnes, Jacob Doll, American Entomological Society, American Museum of Natural History, and United States National Museum.” Th ree types are at the AMNH, and a male is designated as lectotype to clarify application of the name diantha. The lectotype bears the labels “Denver, Col. / 9-3-02.”, “No. 22374 / Museum Coll.”, “Type / No. / A.M.N.H.”, “ Catocala / diantha / Beuten.” Type Locality: hereby restricted to Denver, Colorado [USA] on the basis of the lectotype locality label.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D2962FF971B1D5EE0FB15FC42F977	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gall, Lawrence;Hawks, David	Gall, Lawrence, Hawks, David (2010): Systematics of moths in the genus Catocala (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) IV. Nomenclatorial stabilization of the Nearctic fauna, with a revised synonymic check list. ZooKeys 39 (39): 37-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.425
038D2962FF961B1C5EE0FD23FC7CFA44.text	038D2962FF961B1C5EE0FD23FC7CFA44.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catocala ophelia H. Edwards 1880	<div><p>Catocala ophelia syn. dollii Beutenmüller, syn. n.</p> <p>Fig. 14 (neotype)</p> <p>Catocala ophelia var. dollii Beutenmüller, 1907: 940</p> <p>Catocala ophelia form dolli; Barnes and McDunnough 1918: 38</p> <p>Catocala ophelia ssp. dolli; McDunnough 1938: 117</p> <p>Catocala ophelia ssp. dolli; Franclemont and Todd 1983: 129</p> <p>Type material. Catocala ophelia var. dollii: the original description states “Male… Habitat – Colorado. A single specimen of this odd variety is in the collection of Mr. Jacob Doll.” Barnes and McDunnough (1918) claimed to have figured the holotype by monotypy, but the specimen from Doll’s collection marked as type at the USNM is a female from Arizona and bears a label written in 1932 by F. H. Benjamin stating “prob. spurious type.” Benjamin apparently worked on but never resolved this issue, as several other specimens of C. dollii in the USNM and AMNH collections bear notes by him inquiring as to the status of the holotype. Given Benjamin’s difficulties and the fact that the name refers to one of the taxonomically diffi cult western Nearctic species, we designate the USNM female noted above as neotype to clarify application of the name dollii. Th e neotype bears the labels “Prescott / VII. 21 Ariz.”, “Col. / Jacob Doll”, “Type / No. / A.M.N.H.”, “Type No. / 44535 / U.S. N.M.”, “Prob. spurious type. / Should be a ♁ from / Colorado (Doll Coll.) / FHB. 1932.” Type Locality: hereby amended to Prescott, Ariz[ona, USA] on the basis of the neotype labels.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D2962FF961B1C5EE0FD23FC7CFA44	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gall, Lawrence;Hawks, David	Gall, Lawrence, Hawks, David (2010): Systematics of moths in the genus Catocala (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) IV. Nomenclatorial stabilization of the Nearctic fauna, with a revised synonymic check list. ZooKeys 39 (39): 37-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.425
038D2962FF961B1C5EE0FF33FE67FD97.text	038D2962FF961B1C5EE0FF33FE67FD97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catocala piatrix subsp. dionyza H. Edwards	<div><p>Catocala piatrix ssp. dionyza H. Edwards</p> <p>Fig. 13 (lectotype)</p> <p>Catocala dionyza H. Edwards, 1885: 124</p> <p>Catocala piatrix syn. dionyza; Barnes and McDunnough 1918: 5</p> <p>Catocala piatrix ssp. dionyza; McDunnough 1938: 115</p> <p>Catocala piatrix ssp. dionyza; Franclemont and Todd 1983: 128</p> <p>Type material. Catocala dionyza: the original description states “2 ♁... Arizona. Coll. B. Neumoegen.” A male type is at the USNM, and is designated as lectotype to clarify application of the name dionyza. Th e lectotype bears the labels “ Arizona ” “Type No. / 33996 / U.S. N.M.” Col. / B. Neumogen” “ Catocala / Type / dionyza. Hy. Edw.” Type Locality: Arizona, [USA].</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D2962FF961B1C5EE0FF33FE67FD97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gall, Lawrence;Hawks, David	Gall, Lawrence, Hawks, David (2010): Systematics of moths in the genus Catocala (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) IV. Nomenclatorial stabilization of the Nearctic fauna, with a revised synonymic check list. ZooKeys 39 (39): 37-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.425
038D2962FF961B1F5EE0F996FDEEFE0E.text	038D2962FF961B1F5EE0F996FDEEFE0E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catocala californica W. H. Edwards 1864	<div><p>Catocala californica syn. edwardsi Kusnezov, syn. n.</p> <p>Catocala edwardsi Kusnezov, 1903: 75</p> <p>Catocala edwardsi; Barnes and McDunnough 1918: 24</p> <p>Catocala californica ssp. edwardsi; McDunnough 1938: 116</p> <p>Catocala californica ssp. edwardsi; Franclemont and Todd 1983: 128</p> <p>Type material. Catocala edwardsi: the name edwardsi is a replacement name for C. mariana Strecker, 1874, with the same type specimen and type locality [FMNH, examined], and C. mariana Strecker is a primary junior homonym of C. mariana Rambur, 1866 (see Gall and Hawks 1990). Although C. edwardsi has been treated since McDunnough (1938) as a subspecies of C. californica Edwards, C. edwardsi falls within the normal range of geographic variation of C. californica. Type Locality: Vancouver Island, [British Columbia, Canada].</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D2962FF961B1F5EE0F996FDEEFE0E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gall, Lawrence;Hawks, David	Gall, Lawrence, Hawks, David (2010): Systematics of moths in the genus Catocala (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) IV. Nomenclatorial stabilization of the Nearctic fauna, with a revised synonymic check list. ZooKeys 39 (39): 37-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.425
038D2962FF951B1F5EE0FDD9FE71FA44.text	038D2962FF951B1F5EE0FDD9FE71FA44.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catocala relicta Walker 1858	<div><p>Catocala relicta syn. elda Behrens, syn. n.</p> <p>Fig. 15 (lectotype)</p> <p>Catocala elda Behrens, 1887: 199</p> <p>Catocala relicta race elda; Barnes and McDunnough 1918: 20</p> <p>Catocala relicta ssp. elda; McDunnough 1938: 116</p> <p>Catocala relicta ssp. elda; Franclemont and Todd 1983: 128</p> <p>Type material. Catocala elda: the original description states “Th ree examples. Portland, Oregon.” A female type is at the AMNH, and is designated as lectotype to clarify application of the name elda. Th e lectotype bears the labels “No. 11745 / Collection / Hy. Edwards.”, “Type / No. / A.M.N.H.”, “ Catocala / elda Hy. Edw. / Type”, “Beutenmuller – Edwards / types A.M.N.H. Bulletin / IV p. 192. – 1892 / gives: C. elda Behrens / 1 ♀, Portland Oregon. / Th is is presumably one / of three spec. referred to in O.D. / 14.VIII. 41 W. P. Comstock.” Beutenmüller (1897: 17) noted “last summer Mr. Doll raised a single specimen [of elda] from a larva found on Long Island, N.Y. It is, without doubt, nothing more than a gray variety of C. relicta. Mr. Palm already called attention to this fact (Journ. N. Y. Entomological Soc., I, p. 21.).” Barnes and McDunnough stated (1918: 20) that elda was “at best a mere geographical race found on the Pacific Coast from British Columbia to Oregon … it is apparently best defined on Vancouver Island, B.C., for specimens before us from the interior of Washington State can scarcely be separated from phrynia.” Since we have also seen specimens referable to elda from other eastern North American localities, we place C. elda as a synonym of C. relicta Walker, [1858]. Type Locality: Portland, Oregon, [USA].</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D2962FF951B1F5EE0FDD9FE71FA44	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gall, Lawrence;Hawks, David	Gall, Lawrence, Hawks, David (2010): Systematics of moths in the genus Catocala (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) IV. Nomenclatorial stabilization of the Nearctic fauna, with a revised synonymic check list. ZooKeys 39 (39): 37-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.425
038D2962FF951B1E5EE0F996FC5DFE81.text	038D2962FF951B1E5EE0F996FC5DFE81.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catocala californica W. H. Edwards 1864	<div><p>Catocala californica syn. elizabeth Cassino, syn. n.</p> <p>Catocala elizabeth Cassino, 1918a: 53</p> <p>Catocala californica ssp. elizabeth; McDunnough 1938: 116</p> <p>Catocala californica ssp. elizabeth; Franclemont and Todd 1983: 128</p> <p>Type material. Catocala elizabeth: holotype ♀ [USNM, examined]. Th e name elizabeth has been treated since McDunnough (1938) as a subspecies of C. californica Edwards, 1864. However, the type of C. elizabeth falls within the normal range of geographic variation of C. californica. Type Locality: Truckee, Calif[ornia, USA].</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D2962FF951B1E5EE0F996FC5DFE81	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gall, Lawrence;Hawks, David	Gall, Lawrence, Hawks, David (2010): Systematics of moths in the genus Catocala (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) IV. Nomenclatorial stabilization of the Nearctic fauna, with a revised synonymic check list. ZooKeys 39 (39): 37-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.425
038D2962FF941B1E5EE0FCF3FE0EF9B1.text	038D2962FF941B1E5EE0FCF3FE0EF9B1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catocala californica W. H. Edwards 1864	<div><p>Catocala californica syn. erichi Brower, syn. n.</p> <p>Catocala erichi Brower, 1976</p> <p>Catocala erichi; Franclemont and Todd 1983: 129</p> <p>Type material. Catocala erichi: holotype ♁ [USNM, examined]. Brower’s (1976: 37) brief diagnosis stated that C. erichi was “well separated from francisca Hy. Edwards, and from the more northern complex of mariana, Hy. Edwards, edwardsi Kuznesov and eldoradensis Beutenmüller. Larvae of erichi (named for the chief collector), two broods, lost in the last instar the dark brown patch on the abdominal hump, while larvae of francisca kept their patch.” Our rearing work and comparison of types indicate that C. francisca H. Edwards, 1880 is conspecific with C. hermia H. Edwards, 1880, not C. californica Edwards, 1864; and that C. erichi is an infrapopulational form of C. californica. Specimens referable to C. erichi occur sporadically throughout the geographic range of C. californica, but are most prevalent in the mountains of southern California. Th e larval character cited by Brower varies both geographically as well as within single broods of C. hermia and C. californica, and as Johnson and Walter (1984) more accurately reported, “[the] oblique, lateral patch on A5 and A6 [in erichi is] inconspicuous” i.e., not “lost” as stated by Brower. Type Locality: Green Valley Creek, San Bernardino M[oun] t[ain]s, Calif[ornia, USA].</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D2962FF941B1E5EE0FCF3FE0EF9B1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gall, Lawrence;Hawks, David	Gall, Lawrence, Hawks, David (2010): Systematics of moths in the genus Catocala (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) IV. Nomenclatorial stabilization of the Nearctic fauna, with a revised synonymic check list. ZooKeys 39 (39): 37-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.425
038D2962FF941B1E5EE0FE55FD65FCE7.text	038D2962FF941B1E5EE0FE55FD65FCE7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catocala junctura Walker 1858	<div><p>Catocala junctura syn. elsa Beutenmüller, syn. n.</p> <p>Catocala elsa Beutenmüller, 1918: 62</p> <p>Catocala elsa; McDunnough 1938: 116</p> <p>Catocala elsa; Franclemont and Todd 1983: 129</p> <p>Type material. Catocala elsa: holotype ♀ [USNM, examined]. Th e name elsa has been treated since McDunnough (1938) as a full species. However, the type of C. elsa is a typical specimen of the widespread and morphologically variable C. junctura Walker, [1858]. Type Locality: Prescott, Arizona, [USA].</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D2962FF941B1E5EE0FE55FD65FCE7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gall, Lawrence;Hawks, David	Gall, Lawrence, Hawks, David (2010): Systematics of moths in the genus Catocala (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) IV. Nomenclatorial stabilization of the Nearctic fauna, with a revised synonymic check list. ZooKeys 39 (39): 37-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.425
038D2962FF8B1B015EE0FF33FDB8FA61.text	038D2962FF8B1B015EE0FF33FDB8FA61.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catocala neogama subsp. euphemia Beutenmuller 1907	<div><p>Catocala neogama ssp. euphemia Beutenmüller, stat. n.</p> <p>Fig. 16 (lectotype)</p> <p>Catocala euphemia Beutenmüller, 1907: 938</p> <p>Catocala euphemia; Barnes and McDunnough 1918: 16</p> <p>Catocala euphemia; McDunnough 1938: 115</p> <p>Catocala euphemia; Franclemont and Todd 1983: 128</p> <p>Type material. Catocala euphemia: the original description indicates types at the “American Entomological Society, American Museum of Natural History, and Brooklyn Institute of Art and Science.” A male type is at the AMNH, and is designated as lectotype to clarify application of the name euphemia. Th e lectotype bears the labels “Carr Canyon / Huachuca Mts. / Cochise Co. Ariz.”, “H. Skinner / August 1905 ”, “Type / No. / A.M.N.H.”, “ Catocala / euphemia / Type Beuten.” Barnes and McDunnough (1918:16) noted that C. euphemia could “be merely a southwestern race of neogama (J. E. Smith, 1797) but as there is some slight difference shown in the male claspers, we treat it as a species until the larval history is known.” At the same time, they described C. loretta from south-central Texas as a new race that “would appear to be intermediate between neogama and euphemia,” and suggested that the name euphemia be limited to the material from the Huachuca Mountains, Arizona, as has been done above. Although specimens of C. euphemia from Arizona and New Mexico are normally separable from specimens of C. neogama from the midwest and eastern United States, these two blend in the southcentral United States, particularly in Oklahoma and Texas; specimens referable to loretta mostly manifest toward the southern end of this blend. We have successfully reared larvae ex ovis from several broods of Arizona C. euphemia and eastern C. neogama, and have collected and reared many wild larvae of both taxa from various species of Juglans; we have found no substantial differences between these larvae. Three fluid preserved larvae of C. loretta at PMNH, collected by R. Kendall on Juglans microcarpa Berl. in Uvalde County, Texas, are likewise indistinguishable from larvae of C. neogama and C. euphemia. Accordingly, we treat C. euphemia as a subspecies of C. neogama (J. E. Smith, 1797). We refer material from Arizona, New Mexico, and extreme western Texas to C. neogama euphemia, and all other material to C. n. neogama (for analysis of C. loretta Barnes &amp; McDunnough, 1918 see its entry below). Type Locality: hereby restricted to Carr Canyon, Huachuca M[oun]t[ain]s, Cochise Co[unty], Arizona [USA] on the basis of the lectotype labels.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D2962FF8B1B015EE0FF33FDB8FA61	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gall, Lawrence;Hawks, David	Gall, Lawrence, Hawks, David (2010): Systematics of moths in the genus Catocala (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) IV. Nomenclatorial stabilization of the Nearctic fauna, with a revised synonymic check list. ZooKeys 39 (39): 37-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.425
038D2962FF8B1B005EE0FA75FEF1FC1A.text	038D2962FF8B1B005EE0FA75FEF1FC1A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catocala hermia subsp. francisca H. Edwards	<div><p>Catocala hermia ssp. francisca H. Edwards, stat. n.</p> <p>Fig. 17 (lectotype)</p> <p>Catocala mariana var. francisca H. Edwards, 1880b: 57</p> <p>Catocala francisca; Barnes and McDunnough 1918: 25</p> <p>Catocala francisca; McDunnough 1938: 116</p> <p>Catocala francisca; Franclemont and Todd 1983: 128</p> <p>Type material. Catocala mariana var. francisca: Th e original description states “Humboldt Co., Cal. 2 ♁. Type, coll. Hy. Edwards.” Beutenmüller (1892: 191) lists the C. francisca types as being at the AMNH, and a male type is there but bears Mendocino County, California locality labels. At the USNM is a male labeled “Type 2” [examined], also from Mendocino County. Although the county on these labels conflicts with the original description, Barnes and McDunnough (1918: 24- 25) have already noted that errors in locality data do occur with type specimens of the dark-forewinged western Catocala. Mendocino and Humboldt counties are adjacent to one another, and the county indicated on the label is the only information we have that might otherwise disqualify the two aforementioned C. francisca males as syntypes. With deference to Beutenmüller and Barnes and McDunnough’s judgments, we consider it likely that a mislabeling occurred, and designate the AMNH male as lectotype to clarify application of the name francisca. Th e lectotype bears the labels “Mendocino Co./ California ”, “7299”, “No. 11889 / Collection / Hy. Edwards.”, “Type / No. / A.M.N.H.”, “ Cat. mariana / v. francisca / Type. Hy. Edw.” From rearing work and analysis of museum specimens, we have concluded that C. francisca is neither a full species nor conspecific with C. californica Edwards, 1864 (= C. mariana Strecker, 1874), but rather is a coastal Californian subspecies of C. hermia H. Edwards, 1880 with uniform, dark greenish-black forewings. Type Locality: hereby amended to Mendocino Co[unty], California, [USA] on the basis of the lectotype label.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D2962FF8B1B005EE0FA75FEF1FC1A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gall, Lawrence;Hawks, David	Gall, Lawrence, Hawks, David (2010): Systematics of moths in the genus Catocala (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) IV. Nomenclatorial stabilization of the Nearctic fauna, with a revised synonymic check list. ZooKeys 39 (39): 37-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.425
038D2962FF8A1B035EE0FBACFD79F97C.text	038D2962FF8A1B035EE0FBACFD79F97C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catocala faustina subsp. allusa Hulst 1884	<div><p>Catocala faustina ssp. allusa syn. frenchii Poling, syn. rev.</p> <p>Fig. 18 (lectotype)</p> <p>Catocala frenchii Poling, 1901: 125</p> <p>Catocala allusa syn. frenchi; Barnes and McDunnough 1918: 22</p> <p>Catocala allusa syn. frenchi; McDunnough 1938: 116</p> <p>Catocala allusa syn. frenchi; Franclemont and Todd 1983: 128</p> <p>Type material. Catocala frenchii: the original description states “two examples, one in collection of G. H. French, the other in the collection of O. C. Poling.” A male type is at the USNM, and is designated as lectotype to clarify application of the name frenchii. The lectotype bears the labels “N. Westminster, / 1900 B.C. / Poling.”, “Frenchii / Type”, “ Catocala / frenchii / Poling / Type.”, “Barnes / Collection.” Type Locality: New Westminster, B[ritish] C[olumbia], Canada.</p> <p>Figures Ι7–24. Type specimens of Catocala. Ι 7 lectotype, C. francisca H. Edwards, 1880 Ι 8 lectotype, C. frenchii Poling, 1901 Ι 9 lectotype, C. gisela Meyer, 1880 20 neotype, C. grotiana Bailey, 1879 2Ι neotype, C. irene Behr, 1870 22 lectotype, C. jessica Strecker, 1877 23 lectotype, C. loretta Barnes &amp; McDunnough, 1918 24 lectotype, C. luctuosa Hulst, 1884.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D2962FF8A1B035EE0FBACFD79F97C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gall, Lawrence;Hawks, David	Gall, Lawrence, Hawks, David (2010): Systematics of moths in the genus Catocala (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) IV. Nomenclatorial stabilization of the Nearctic fauna, with a revised synonymic check list. ZooKeys 39 (39): 37-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.425
038D2962FF881B025EE0FD23FD93FAF4.text	038D2962FF881B025EE0FD23FD93FAF4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catocala grotiana Bailey 1879	<div><p>Catocala grotiana Bailey</p> <p>Fig. 20 (neotype)</p> <p>Catocala grotiana Bailey, 1879: 21</p> <p>Catocala grotiana; Barnes and McDunnough 1918: 26</p> <p>Catocala grotiana; McDunnough 1938: 116</p> <p>Catocala grotiana; Franclemont and Todd 1983: 129</p> <p>Type material. Catocala grotiana: the original description states “My specimen is a ♁ in good condition, and was taken in Colorado.” We have been unable to locate a specimen labeled as type, and the Bailey collection is apparently lost. Although usage of the name grotiana has been largely consistent during the last century, since the name refers to a member of the taxonomically diffi cult and variable western Nearctic species, we designate a female from the AMNH as neotype to clarify application of the name grotiana. Th e neotype bears the labels “ Colorado.”, “No. 12652 / Collection / Hy. Edwards.”, “Edw. Coll.”, “Catoc. / grotiana / Bailey.” Type Locality: remains Colorado, [USA] on the basis of the neotype labels.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D2962FF881B025EE0FD23FD93FAF4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gall, Lawrence;Hawks, David	Gall, Lawrence, Hawks, David (2010): Systematics of moths in the genus Catocala (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) IV. Nomenclatorial stabilization of the Nearctic fauna, with a revised synonymic check list. ZooKeys 39 (39): 37-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.425
038D2962FF881B025EE0FF33FE8FFD97.text	038D2962FF881B025EE0FF33FE8FFD97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catocala micronympha Guenee 1852	<div><p>Catocala micronympha syn. gisela Meyer</p> <p>Fig. 19 (lectotype)</p> <p>Catocala gisela Meyer, 1880: 96</p> <p>Catocala micronympha syn. gisela; Barnes and McDunnough 1918: 43</p> <p>Catocala micronymha syn. gisela; McDunnough 1938: 118</p> <p>Catocala micronympha syn. gisela; Franclemont and Todd 1983: 129</p> <p>Type material. Catocala gisela: the original description states “One specimen in my collection, and another in Mr. Fr. Tepper’s of Brooklyn.” A female type is at the BMNH, and is designated as lectotype to clarify application of the name gisela. The lectotype bears the labels “ Catocala / gisela ♁ / Type”, “ Catocala / gisela ♀.” Type Locality: Georgia, [USA].</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D2962FF881B025EE0FF33FE8FFD97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gall, Lawrence;Hawks, David	Gall, Lawrence, Hawks, David (2010): Systematics of moths in the genus Catocala (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) IV. Nomenclatorial stabilization of the Nearctic fauna, with a revised synonymic check list. ZooKeys 39 (39): 37-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.425
038D2962FF881B055EE0FAC6FC59FE2B.text	038D2962FF881B055EE0FAC6FC59FE2B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catocala semirelicta subsp. hippolyta Strecker 1874	<div><p>Catocala semirelicta ssp. hippolyta Strecker, stat. n.</p> <p>Catocala hippolyta Strecker, 1874: 99</p> <p>Catocala hippolyta; Barnes and McDunnough 1918: 30</p> <p>Catocala hippolyta; McDunnough 1938: 116</p> <p>Catocala hippolyta; Franclemont and Todd 1983: 129</p> <p>Type material. Catocala hippolyta: lectotype ♁ [FMNH, examined], designated by Gall and Hawks (1990: 10). Barnes and McDunnough (1918: 30) stated “the species is only known from the Coast Range of California extending from Sonoma County to Los Angeles County.” Although C. hippolyta has been treated as an endemic coastal Californian species, it in fact comes into contact with C. semirelicta Grote, 1874 along the eastern and northern edges of its geographic range in the Sierra Nevada mountains, where the two blend into one another. Moreover, during the past several decades, Paul and Sandy Russell have collected from one locality in the Santa Barbara foothills a series of C. hippolyta that contains specimens indistinguishable from typical C. semirelicta. We thus feel the observed geographic variation in C. hippolyta and C. semirelicta is more indicative of two subspecies. Type Locality: San Mateo County, California, [USA].</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D2962FF881B055EE0FAC6FC59FE2B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gall, Lawrence;Hawks, David	Gall, Lawrence, Hawks, David (2010): Systematics of moths in the genus Catocala (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) IV. Nomenclatorial stabilization of the Nearctic fauna, with a revised synonymic check list. ZooKeys 39 (39): 37-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.425
038D2962FF8F1B055EE0FDBCFBD2FA44.text	038D2962FF8F1B055EE0FDBCFBD2FA44.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catocala irene Behr 1870	<div><p>Catocala irene Behr</p> <p>Fig. 21 (neotype)</p> <p>Catocala irene Behr, 1870: 24</p> <p>Catocala irene; Barnes and McDunnough 1918: 22</p> <p>Catocala irene; McDunnough 1938: 116</p> <p>Catocala irene; Franclemont and Todd 1983: 128</p> <p>Type material. Catocala irene: the original description states “Ft. Tejon, one specimen.” Smith (1893: 343) indicated the irene type was in Henry Edwards’ collection, and Barnes and McDunnough stated (1918: 22): “According to Hy. Edwards, who had opportunities of examining the type specimen (since destroyed)…; a specimen of this form, marked ‘true to type’ exists in the Hy. Edwards’ Collection…” Reiff (1920: 64) added: “Without making any comments I may mention that I have from the old Worthington collection a specimen without locality label and marked ‘Irene type’ in apparently Strecker’s handwriting.” Henry Edwards’ specimen is at the AMNH, and Reiff’s specimen is at the MCZ. We have not been able to locate another specimen that is unquestionably the C. irene holotype. Reiff’s MCZ specimen could be the holotype, since what we consider to be the holotype of C. zoe Behr, 1870 is in the Strecker collection at the FMNH, and it seems likely that Behr’s Catocala types resided at some juncture with Strecker (see Gall and Hawks 1990). However, since we cannot prove the MCZ specimen is the holotype, and the name refers to a member of the taxonomically diffi cult and variable western Nearctic species, we give precedence to the AMNH specimen compared to the type, and designate it as neotype to clarify application of the name irene. Th e neotype bears the labels “Mendocino / California.”, “3477”, “No. 11896 / Collection / Hy. Edwards.”, “True to type. / irene / Behr.” Type Locality: hereby amended to Mendocino, California, [USA] on the basis of the neotype locality label.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D2962FF8F1B055EE0FDBCFBD2FA44	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gall, Lawrence;Hawks, David	Gall, Lawrence, Hawks, David (2010): Systematics of moths in the genus Catocala (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) IV. Nomenclatorial stabilization of the Nearctic fauna, with a revised synonymic check list. ZooKeys 39 (39): 37-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.425
038D2962FF8F1B045EE0F996FB99FDD1.text	038D2962FF8F1B045EE0F996FB99FDD1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catocala jessica H. Edwards 1877	<div><p>Catocala jessica H. Edwards</p> <p>Fig. 22 (lectotype)</p> <p>Catocala jessica H. Edwards, 1877: 23</p> <p>Catocala jessica; Barnes and McDunnough 1918: 29</p> <p>Catocala jessica; McDunnough 1938: 116</p> <p>Catocala jessica; Franclemont and Todd 1983: 129</p> <p>Type material. Catocala jessica: the original description states “ 1 ♀, 1 ♁, Havilah, Kern Co., Mr. R. H. Stretch. (Coll. Hy. Edw., No. 6,648).” Th ese two types are at the AMNH, the female being a specimen of C. jessica and the male a specimen of C. junctura Walker [1858]. Th e female is designated as lectotype to clarify application of the name jessica. The lectotype bears the labels “Havilah / California.”, “6648”, “No. 12651 / Collection / Hy. Edwards.”, “Type / No. / A.M.N.H.”, “Cat. / var. jessica. Type. / Hy. Edw.”, “ Catocala / jessica / Hy. Edws.” Type Locality: Havilah, Kern Co[unty], California, [USA].</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D2962FF8F1B045EE0F996FB99FDD1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gall, Lawrence;Hawks, David	Gall, Lawrence, Hawks, David (2010): Systematics of moths in the genus Catocala (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) IV. Nomenclatorial stabilization of the Nearctic fauna, with a revised synonymic check list. ZooKeys 39 (39): 37-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.425
038D2962FF8E1B045EE0FDE5FDDFFB11.text	038D2962FF8E1B045EE0FDE5FDDFFB11.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catocala neogama (J. E. Smith 1797)	<div><p>Catocala neogama syn. loretta Barnes &amp; McDunnough, syn. n.</p> <p>Fig. 23 (lectotype)</p> <p>Catocala neogama race loretta Barnes &amp; McDunnough, 1918: 16</p> <p>Catocala neogama ssp. loretta; McDunnough 1938: 115</p> <p>Catocala neogama ssp. loretta; Franclemont and Todd 1983: 128</p> <p>Type material. Catocala neogama race loretta: the original description lists 4 males and 3 females from several Texas localities, and a male type from the USNM is designated as lectotype to clarify application of the name loretta. Th e lectotype bears the labels “Black Jack / Spgs, Texas ”, “ C. neogama / v. lucetta [sic] / Type B+McD”, “Barnes / Collection.” We noted above under the entry for the name euphemia that the larvae of C. loretta do not differ appreciably from those of both C. n. neogama and C. n. euphemia. A broad blend zone between C. n. neogama and C. n. euphemia exists in the southcentral United States, and specimens matching C. loretta occur throughout this zone, mostly in Texas. We therefore place C. loretta as a synonym of C. n. neogama (J. E. Smith, 1797). Type Locality: hereby restricted to Black Jack Sp[rin]gs, Texas, [USA] on the basis of the lectotype labels.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D2962FF8E1B045EE0FDE5FDDFFB11	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gall, Lawrence;Hawks, David	Gall, Lawrence, Hawks, David (2010): Systematics of moths in the genus Catocala (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) IV. Nomenclatorial stabilization of the Nearctic fauna, with a revised synonymic check list. ZooKeys 39 (39): 37-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.425
038D2962FF8E1B075EE0FAA5FC61FE2A.text	038D2962FF8E1B075EE0FAA5FC61FE2A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catocala luctuosa Hulst 2010	<div><p>Catocala luctuosa Hulst, stat. rev.</p> <p>Fig. 24 (lectotype)</p> <p>Catocala luctuosa Hulst, 1884: 53</p> <p>Catocala retecta syn. luctuosa; Barnes and McDunnough 1918: 13</p> <p>Catocala retecta ssp. luctuosa; McDunnough 1938: 115</p> <p>Catocala retecta ssp. luctuosa; Franclemont and Todd 1983: 128</p> <p>Type material. Catocala luctuosa: the original description does not state the number of types. Four types are at the AMNH, and a male is designated as lectotype to clarify ap-</p> <p>plication of the name luctuosa. Th e lectotype bears the labels “Ind.”, “Collection / GD- Hulst”, “ Catocala / luctuosa / Type Hulst.” Although Hulst described C. luctuosa as a distinct species, the name has been treated in the literature as a synonym or subspecies of C. retecta Grote, 1872. Gall (1991) established that C. luctuosa and C. retecta breed true, and that the adult morphologies are consistently distinct. Although C. luctuosa is encountered more commonly than C. retecta in the southcentral United States, the area of sympatry between the two is extensive and includes most of the geographic range of C. luctuosa. Accordingly, we reinstate C. luctuosa to the rank of species. Type Locality: hereby restricted to Ind[iana, USA] on the basis of the lectotype labels.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D2962FF8E1B075EE0FAA5FC61FE2A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gall, Lawrence;Hawks, David	Gall, Lawrence, Hawks, David (2010): Systematics of moths in the genus Catocala (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) IV. Nomenclatorial stabilization of the Nearctic fauna, with a revised synonymic check list. ZooKeys 39 (39): 37-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.425
038D2962FF8D1B075EE0FDBCFE52FBFE.text	038D2962FF8D1B075EE0FDBCFE52FBFE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catocala maestosa Hulst 1884	<div><p>Catocala maestosa Hulst</p> <p>Fig. 25 (lectotype)</p> <p>Catocala maestosa Hulst, 1884: 53</p> <p>Catocala maestosa; Barnes and McDunnough 1918: 14</p> <p>Catocala maestosa; McDunnough 1938: 115</p> <p>Catocala maestosa; Franclemont and Todd 1983: 128</p> <p>Type material. Catocala maestosa: the name maestosa was proposed as a replacement name for C. viduata Guenée, 1852, which was based on a misidentification of Phalaena vidua J. E. Smith 1797. Two of Hulst’s types are at the AMNH, and a male is designated lectotype to clarify application of the name maestosa. Th e lectotype bears the labels “Tex.”, “Collection / GDHulst”, “ Catocala / maestosa / Type Hulst.” Type Lolcality: Tex[as, USA].</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D2962FF8D1B075EE0FDBCFE52FBFE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gall, Lawrence;Hawks, David	Gall, Lawrence, Hawks, David (2010): Systematics of moths in the genus Catocala (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) IV. Nomenclatorial stabilization of the Nearctic fauna, with a revised synonymic check list. ZooKeys 39 (39): 37-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.425
038D2962FF8D1B095EE0FBC9FE43FBFD.text	038D2962FF8D1B095EE0FBC9FE43FBFD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catocala praeclara subsp. manitoba Beutenmuller 1908	<div><p>Catocala praeclara ssp. manitoba Beutenmüller, stat. n.</p> <p>Fig. 26 (lectotype)</p> <p>Catocala manitoba Beutenmüller, 1908: 54</p> <p>Catocala manitoba; Barnes and McDunnough 1918: 41</p> <p>Catocala manitoba; McDunnough 1938: 118</p> <p>Catocala manitoba; Franclemont and Todd 1983: 129</p> <p>Type material. Catocala manitoba: the original description states “Types. -- Collections: American Museum of Natural History, Rutgers College, and George J. Keller.” There are seven types at the AMNH, and a male is designated as lectotype to clarify application of the name manitoba. Th e lectotype bears the labels “Cartwright / Manitoba, Canadian / E. F. Heath / VIII 22 07”, “Type / No. / A.M.N.H.”, “ Catocala / manitoba / Beuten.” Beutenmüller considered C. manitoba closely related to C. praeclara Grote &amp; Robinson, 1866, and Barnes and McDunnough (1918: 41) felt this “duller and darker-colored form” might “merely be a geographical race” of praeclara.</p> <p>60 Lawrence F. Gall &amp; David C. Hawks / ZooKeys 39: 37–83 (2010) Figures 25–32. Type specimens of Catocala. 25 lectotype, C. maestosa Hulst, 1884 26 lectotype, C. manitoba Beutenmüller, 1908 27 lectotype, C. miranda H. Edwards, 1881 28 lectotype, C. nebraskae Dodge, 1875 29 lectotype, C. nerissa H. Edwards, 1880 30 lectotype, C. nevadensis Beutenmüller, 1907 3Ι lectotype, C. nuptula Walker, [1858] 32 lectotype, C. nurus Walker, [1858].</p> <p>25 26 27 29 3Ι 28 30 32 I cm</p> <p>Beutenmüller described the forewings of C. manitoba as generally more concolorous and less lustrous than C. praeclara, with a reduced basal dash “scarcely extending to the middle of the basal area, sometimes absent” (a basal dash is a prominent characteristic of eastern C. praeclara populations). At that time, there was an apparent geographic disjunction between C. manitoba, which had only been recorded from Manitoba, and C. praeclara, which was known from the eastern coast of the USA and maritime Canada. Specimens referable to C. manitoba are now known from over forty localities in Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Wisconsin, Minnesota, North Dakota, northern South Dakota and northern Wyoming. Similarly, populations of praeclara are now known from throughout the Great Lakes region, and then eastward to the seacoast. Individuals lacking a basal dash occur sporadically throughout the entire range of C. praeclara (more frequently in Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota, and the southern USA; see above under account for C. charlottae Brou, 1988), and the same individuals that lack the basal dash often have less iridescent and/or more concolorous forewings. A paratype of C. manitoba in the ANSP has a prominent basal dash and markings otherwise consistent with nominate C. praeclara, lacking only the lustrous scaling. Beutenmüller also stated that the two medial teeth of the postmedian forewing line were of nearly equal size in C. praeclara, and unequal in C. manitoba, but this distinction does not hold over the broader distributions now known. Because these several traits vary inconsistently over a widespread area, and covary to a certain extent, particularly in the geographic sampling gap of Beutenmüller’s time, we treat C. manitoba as a subspecies of C. praeclara Grote &amp; Robinson, 1866 Populations to the west and north of Minnesota most consistently and uniformly display the characteristics ascribed to C. p. manitoba. Type Locality: restricted to Cartwright, Manitoba, [Canada] on the basis of the lectotype labels.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D2962FF8D1B095EE0FBC9FE43FBFD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gall, Lawrence;Hawks, David	Gall, Lawrence, Hawks, David (2010): Systematics of moths in the genus Catocala (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) IV. Nomenclatorial stabilization of the Nearctic fauna, with a revised synonymic check list. ZooKeys 39 (39): 37-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.425
038D2962FF831B085EE0FBC9FC94FD21.text	038D2962FF831B085EE0FBC9FC94FD21.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catocala blandula Hulst 1884	<div><p>Catocala blandula syn. manitobensis Cassino, syn. n.</p> <p>Catocala blandula var. manitobensis Cassino, 1918b: 81</p> <p>Catocala blandula ssp. manitobensis; McDunnough 1938: 118</p> <p>Catocala blandula ssp. manitobensis; Franclemont and Todd 1983: 129</p> <p>Type material. Catocala manitobensis: the original description states “ Holotype 1 ♁, 6 paratypes, in the collection of the author, Cartwright, Manitoba, July 17.” A female at the USNM (USNM Type No. 44528) bears a label stating “manitobensis / Cass. / Type fide / Buchholz.” Because Cassino often missexed his material, we see no reason to challenge Buchholz’s judgment, and accept this specimen as the holotype by original designation. Cassino tabulated several characteristics supposedly distinguishing C. m. manitobensis from nominate C. blandula Hulst, 1884. On the dorsal forewing these included: a darker and more distinct postmedian band; a light to absent brown scaling distad from the postmedian band; and a lighter and bluish ground color, such that “the whole effect of the superiors is a bluish tint quite unlike that of blandula, the scales of which are more brownish.” We have examined specimens of C. m. manitobensis (including paratypes) and nominate C. blandula from across the Nearctic, and find that the characteristics ascribed to C. m. manitobensis occur sporadically throughout the species’ entire geographic range, especially in females, and see little merit in retaining the name manitobensis. Exemplary localities where specimens often show manitobensis characteristics include the vicinity of Chicago, Illinois, and the eastern seaboard of Maine and maritime Canada; the same characteristics also appear regularly in what we presently consider to be C. blandula populations from lowland coastal areas in the southeastern USA (e.g., notably around Gainesville, Florida). These lowland C. blandula populations are among the most morphologically variable known: some Floridian specimens (especially females) are nearly identical to types of C. manitobensis, whereas others have the entire forewing pattern obscured by brownish black, and numerous intergrades occur. In many respects, the extreme variation in these southeastern C. blandula populations is analogous to the extreme infrapopulational forms of both C. connubialis Guenée, 1852 and C. crataegi Saunders, 1876 seen from the same geographic region. Type Locality: Cartwright, Manitoba, [Canada].</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D2962FF831B085EE0FBC9FC94FD21	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gall, Lawrence;Hawks, David	Gall, Lawrence, Hawks, David (2010): Systematics of moths in the genus Catocala (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) IV. Nomenclatorial stabilization of the Nearctic fauna, with a revised synonymic check list. ZooKeys 39 (39): 37-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.425
038D2962FF821B085EE0FB7CFEEEF977.text	038D2962FF821B085EE0FB7CFEEEF977.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catocala briseis W. H. Edwards 1864	<div><p>Catocala briseis syn. minerva Cassino, syn. n.</p> <p>Catocala minerva Cassino, 1917: 63</p> <p>Catocala briseis syn. minerva; Barnes and McDunnough 1918: 26</p> <p>Catocala briseis ssp. minerva; McDunnough 1938: 116</p> <p>Catocala briseis ssp. minerva; Franclemont and Todd 1983: 129</p> <p>Type material. Catocala minerva: holotype ♁ [USNM, examined]. Th e name minerva has been treated for many years as a subspecies of C. briseis Edwards, 1864, but C. minerva is a lighter color form of C. briseis that occurs regularly throughout much of the western geographic range of the species. Type Locality: Deer Creek, Provo Canyon, Utah, [USA].</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D2962FF821B085EE0FB7CFEEEF977	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gall, Lawrence;Hawks, David	Gall, Lawrence, Hawks, David (2010): Systematics of moths in the genus Catocala (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) IV. Nomenclatorial stabilization of the Nearctic fauna, with a revised synonymic check list. ZooKeys 39 (39): 37-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.425
038D2962FF821B085EE0FCB5FBF5FB6B.text	038D2962FF821B085EE0FCB5FBF5FB6B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catocala junctura Walker 1858	<div><p>Catocala junctura syn. margherita Beutenmüller, syn. n.</p> <p>Catocala stretchi var. margherita Beutenmüller, 1918: 65</p> <p>Catocala stretchi var. margherita; McDunnough 1938: 116</p> <p>Catocala stretchi var. margherita; Franclemont and Todd 1983: 129</p> <p>Type material. Catocala margherita: holotype ♁ [USNM, examined]. Th e holotype of margherita is a specimen of junctura Walker, [1858] with a thin black median hindwing band that is prominently curved basally. The name margherita has no definable geographic basis, as similar specimens occur in differing frequencies within populations of C. junctura throughout the western USA. Type Locality: Mendocino Co[unty], California, [USA].</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D2962FF821B085EE0FCB5FBF5FB6B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gall, Lawrence;Hawks, David	Gall, Lawrence, Hawks, David (2010): Systematics of moths in the genus Catocala (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) IV. Nomenclatorial stabilization of the Nearctic fauna, with a revised synonymic check list. ZooKeys 39 (39): 37-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.425
038D2962FF811B0A5EE0FA99FE81FE64.text	038D2962FF811B0A5EE0FA99FE81FE64.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catocala lineella Grote 1872	<div><p>Catocala lineella syn. nerissa H. Edwards, syn. rev.</p> <p>Fig. 29 (lectotype)</p> <p>Catocala nerissa H. Edwards, 1880: 61</p> <p>Catocala amica form nerissa; Barnes and McDunnough 1918: 45</p> <p>Catocala amica syn. nerissa; McDunnough 1938: 118</p> <p>Catocala amica syn. nerissa; Franclemont and Todd 1983: 129</p> <p>Type material. Catocala nerissa: the original description states “Type, coll. B. Neumoegen.” At the AMNH is a nerissa labeled “Type” and at the USNM is another nerissa labeled “Type 2.” The AMNH type is a specimen of C. lineella Grote, 1872 and the USNM type is a specimen of C. jair Strecker, 1897. The AMNH male is designated as lectotype to clarify application of the name nerissa. The name nerissa thereby attaches to C. lineella, which itself was reinstated to species status by Gall (1990). The lectotype bears the labels “S. West / Texas.”, “No. 11784 / Collection / Hy. Edwards.”, “ Cat. amica / var. nerissa. / Type Hy. Edw.” Type Locality: hereby restricted to S[outh] West Texas, [USA] on the basis of the lectotype labels.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D2962FF811B0A5EE0FA99FE81FE64	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gall, Lawrence;Hawks, David	Gall, Lawrence, Hawks, David (2010): Systematics of moths in the genus Catocala (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) IV. Nomenclatorial stabilization of the Nearctic fauna, with a revised synonymic check list. ZooKeys 39 (39): 37-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.425
038D2962FF811B0B5EE0FD4CFE91FB4E.text	038D2962FF811B0B5EE0FD4CFE91FB4E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catocala luciana Strecker 1874	<div><p>Catocala luciana syn. nebraskae Dodge</p> <p>Fig. 28 (lectotype)</p> <p>Catocala nebraskae Dodge, 1875: 2</p> <p>Catocala luciana syn. nebraskae; Barnes and McDunnough 1918: 21</p> <p>Catocala luciana syn. nebraskae; McDunnough 1938: 116</p> <p>Catocala luciana syn. nebraskae; Franclemont and Todd 1983: 128</p> <p>Type material. Catocala nebraskae: the original description does not specify the number of types. A female type is at the USNM, and is designated as lectotype to clarify application of the name nebraskae. Th e lectotype bears the labels “36212”, “Type / No. 4698 / U.S. N.M.”, “ Catocala nebraskae. Type Spec.m / Glencoe, Dodge Co. Nebr. / Coll. G. M. Dodge.” Type Locality: Glencoe, Dodge County, Nebraska, [USA].</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D2962FF811B0B5EE0FD4CFE91FB4E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gall, Lawrence;Hawks, David	Gall, Lawrence, Hawks, David (2010): Systematics of moths in the genus Catocala (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) IV. Nomenclatorial stabilization of the Nearctic fauna, with a revised synonymic check list. ZooKeys 39 (39): 37-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.425
038D2962FF811B0B5EE0FF33FE3FFD7B.text	038D2962FF811B0B5EE0FF33FE3FFD7B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catocala miranda H. Edwards 1881	<div><p>Catocala miranda H. Edwards</p> <p>Fig. 27 (lectotype)</p> <p>Catocala miranda H. Edwards, 1881: 118</p> <p>Catocala miranda; Barnes and McDunnough 1918: 39</p> <p>Catocala miranda; McDunnough 1938: 117</p> <p>Catocala miranda; Franclemont and Todd 1983: 129</p> <p>Type material. Catocala miranda: the original description states “ Washington, D. C. Type. Coll. Hy. Edwards.” A male type is at the AMNH, and is designated as lectotype to clarify application of the name miranda. Th e lectotype bears the labels “ Washington / D.C.” “No. 11725 / Collection / Hy. Edwards” “Type / No. / A.M.N.H.” “ Catocala / miranda / Type. Hy. Edw.” Type Locality: Washington, D[istrict of] C[olumbia, USA].</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D2962FF811B0B5EE0FF33FE3FFD7B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gall, Lawrence;Hawks, David	Gall, Lawrence, Hawks, David (2010): Systematics of moths in the genus Catocala (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) IV. Nomenclatorial stabilization of the Nearctic fauna, with a revised synonymic check list. ZooKeys 39 (39): 37-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.425
038D2962FF801B0A5EE0FB36FDB5F994.text	038D2962FF801B0A5EE0FB36FDB5F994.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catocala grynea (Cramer 1780)	<div><p>Catocala grynea syn. nuptula Walker</p> <p>Fig. 31 (lectotype)</p> <p>Catocala nuptula Walker, [1858]: 1205</p> <p>Catocala grynea syn. nuptula; Barnes and McDunnough 1918: 40</p> <p>Catocala grynea syn. nuptula; McDunnough 1938: 118</p> <p>Catocala grynea syn. nuptula; Franclemont and Todd 1983: 129</p> <p>Type material. Catocala nuptula: the original description states “a,b. North America. From Mr. Milne’s collection.” A female type is at the BMNH, and is designated as lectotype to clarify application of the name nuptula. Th e lectotype bears the labels “N. America / 39.-6.-19. / 1595”, “N. America / 39.- 6.-19.-1595 ”, “ Catocala / nuptula / Walk. Type.” Type Locality: North America.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D2962FF801B0A5EE0FB36FDB5F994	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gall, Lawrence;Hawks, David	Gall, Lawrence, Hawks, David (2010): Systematics of moths in the genus Catocala (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) IV. Nomenclatorial stabilization of the Nearctic fauna, with a revised synonymic check list. ZooKeys 39 (39): 37-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.425
038D2962FF801B0A5EE0FE76FE0FFBA4.text	038D2962FF801B0A5EE0FE76FE0FFBA4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catocala semirelicta subsp. semirelicta	<div><p>Catocala semirelicta ssp. semirelicta syn. nevadensis Beutenmüller, syn. n.</p> <p>Fig. 30 (lectotype)</p> <p>Catocala nevadensis Beutenmüller, 1907: 935</p> <p>Catocala nevadensis; Barnes and McDunnough 1918: 28</p> <p>Catocala nevadensis; McDunnough 1938: 116</p> <p>Catocala nevadensis; Franclemont and Todd 1983: 129</p> <p>Type material. Catocala nevadensis: the original description states “Th ree males and five females, American Museum of Natural History.” Two types are at the AMNH, and a female is designated as lectotype to clarify application of the name nevadensis. The lectotype bears the labels “27”, “Type / No. / A.M.N.H.”, “nevadensis from / which ♀ plate / was drawn / for mono.”, “ Catocala / nevadensis / Beut.” Th e lectotype of C. nevadensis is a specimen of the widespread and morphologically variable C. semirelicta Grote, 1874 with strong black markings on the forewing. Such specimens occur more commonly in the western USA, but have no definable geographic basis. Type Locality: hereby restricted to Lake Tahoe, Sierra Nevada [Mountains], California, [USA] on the basis of the lectotype labels.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D2962FF801B0A5EE0FE76FE0FFBA4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gall, Lawrence;Hawks, David	Gall, Lawrence, Hawks, David (2010): Systematics of moths in the genus Catocala (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) IV. Nomenclatorial stabilization of the Nearctic fauna, with a revised synonymic check list. ZooKeys 39 (39): 37-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.425
038D2962FF871B0D5EE0FD69FEB6FAD7.text	038D2962FF871B0D5EE0FD69FEB6FAD7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catocala alabamae Grote 1875	<div><p>Catocala alabamae syn. olivia H. Edwards, syn. n.</p> <p>Catocala olivia H. Edwards, 1880a: 95</p> <p>Catocala olivia; Barnes and McDunnough 1918: 41</p> <p>Catocala olivia; McDunnough 1938: 118</p> <p>Catocala olivia; Franclemont and Todd 1983: 129</p> <p>Type material. Catocala olivia: holotype ♁ [USNM, examined]. Catocala olivia has previously been treated as a full species, but, as suggested by Barnes and McDunnough (1918: 41), it is an extreme infrapopulational variant of C. alabamae Grote, 1875 with a large black basal forewing patch. We have seen intergrades between C. olivia and typical C. alabamae from several localities in Texas, Arkansas and Oklahoma, and J. Slotten (in litt.) has reared both C. olivia and typical C. alabamae ex ovis from a female from eastern Texas. Th e color form parvula W. H. Edwards, 1864 of C. minuta Edwards, 1864 is a parallel to the color form olivia of C. alabamae. Type Locality: S[outh] W[est] Texas, [USA].</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D2962FF871B0D5EE0FD69FEB6FAD7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gall, Lawrence;Hawks, David	Gall, Lawrence, Hawks, David (2010): Systematics of moths in the genus Catocala (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) IV. Nomenclatorial stabilization of the Nearctic fauna, with a revised synonymic check list. ZooKeys 39 (39): 37-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.425
038D2962FF871B0D5EE0FF33FD26FD5E.text	038D2962FF871B0D5EE0FF33FD26FD5E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catocala amatrix (Hubner 1813)	<div><p>Catocala amatrix syn. nurus Walker</p> <p>Fig. 32 (lectotype)</p> <p>Catocala nurus Walker, [1858]: 1195</p> <p>Catocala amatrix syn. nurus; Barnes and McDunnough 1918: 32</p> <p>Catocala amatrix syn. nurus; McDunnough 1938: 117</p> <p>Catocala amatrix syn. nurus; Franclemont and Todd 1983: 129</p> <p>Type material. Catocala nurus: the original description states “a-c. United States. Presented by E. Doubleday, Esq.” A female type is at the BMNH, and is designated lectotype to clarify application of the name nurus. Th e lectotype bears the labels “ New York / Doubleday / 46-110”, “ New York / 46-110 [and on the reverse:] Catocala / nurus ♀ / Walker Type.” The name nurus Walker is a synonym of C. amatrix Hübner, [1813] and a homonym of Noctua nurus Hübner, 1822, which is itself a synonym of the Palearctic C. elocata (Esper, 1787). Type Locality: United States.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D2962FF871B0D5EE0FF33FD26FD5E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gall, Lawrence;Hawks, David	Gall, Lawrence, Hawks, David (2010): Systematics of moths in the genus Catocala (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) IV. Nomenclatorial stabilization of the Nearctic fauna, with a revised synonymic check list. ZooKeys 39 (39): 37-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.425
038D2962FF871B0C5EE0FAE3FC03FEF7.text	038D2962FF871B0C5EE0FAE3FC03FEF7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catocala meskei Grote 1873	<div><p>Catocala meskei syn. orion McDunnough, syn. n.</p> <p>Catocala orion McDunnough, 1922: 288</p> <p>Catocala meskei ssp. orion; McDunnough 1938: 116</p> <p>Catocala meskei ssp. orion; Franclemont and Todd 1983: 129</p> <p>Type material. Catocala orion: holotype ♁ [CNC, examined]. McDunnough (1922: 288) considered that specimens of C. orion “approach closest to meskei Grt., and may eventually prove to be a race of this species.” We have examined the type series at the CNC, and consider that C. orion falls within the normal range of geographic variation of C. meskei Grote, 1873. Type Locality: Lethbridge, Al[ber]ta, [Canada].</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D2962FF871B0C5EE0FAE3FC03FEF7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gall, Lawrence;Hawks, David	Gall, Lawrence, Hawks, David (2010): Systematics of moths in the genus Catocala (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) IV. Nomenclatorial stabilization of the Nearctic fauna, with a revised synonymic check list. ZooKeys 39 (39): 37-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.425
038D2962FF861B0C5EE0FEC3FB9EFC37.text	038D2962FF861B0C5EE0FEC3FB9EFC37.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catocala badia subsp. coelebs Grote 1874	<div><p>Catocala badia ssp. coelebs syn. phoebe Hulst</p> <p>Fig. 33 (lectotype)</p> <p>Catocala badia var. phoebe Hulst, 1884: 50</p> <p>Catocala badia var. phoebe; Barnes and McDunnough 1918: 8</p> <p>Catocala badia syn. phoebe; McDunnough 1938: 115</p> <p>Catocala coelebs syn. phoebe; Franclemont and Todd 1983: 128</p> <p>Type material. Catocala phoebe: the name phoebe was proposed by Hulst as “A form intermediate between coelebs and badia … Found in Mass. and N. Hampshire.” Since Hulst gave distinguishing characters and non-overlapping geographic localities for each of C. badia Grote &amp; Robinson, 1866, C. coelebs Grote, 1874 and C. phoebe, the name phoebe was proposed in a subspecific context and is available. Hulst cited the name phoebe to “Hy. Edw. MSS,” but Hulst’s paper was published before Edwards’ description appeared. Two females from Hy. Edwards’ type lot are at the AMNH, and one is designated lectotype to clarify application of the name phoebe Hulst. Th e lectotype bears the labels “ New Hampshire ”, “No. 11779 / Collection / Hy. Edwards.”, “Type / No. / A.M.N.H.” Type Locality: hereby restricted to New Hampshire, [USA] on the basis of the lectotype labels.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D2962FF861B0C5EE0FEC3FB9EFC37	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gall, Lawrence;Hawks, David	Gall, Lawrence, Hawks, David (2010): Systematics of moths in the genus Catocala (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) IV. Nomenclatorial stabilization of the Nearctic fauna, with a revised synonymic check list. ZooKeys 39 (39): 37-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.425
038D2962FF861B0C5EE0FB83FB99FA44.text	038D2962FF861B0C5EE0FB83FB99FA44.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catocala badia subsp. coelebs Grote 1874	<div><p>Catocala badia ssp. coelebs syn. phoebe H. Edwards</p> <p>Fig. 33 (lectotype)</p> <p>Catocala phoebe n. var. H. Edwards, 1885: 125</p> <p>Catocala badia var. phoebe; Barnes and McDunnough 1918: 8</p> <p>Catocala badia syn. phoebe; McDunnough 1938: 115</p> <p>Catocala coelebs syn. phoebe Franclemont and Todd 1983: 128</p> <p>Type material. Catocala phoebe: H. Edwards listed seven specimens from New Hampshire in his description of C. phoebe. To clarify application of the name, the female lectotype of C. phoebe Hulst is also designated as lectotype of C. phoebe H. Edwards. The name phoebe H. Edwards, 1885 is a homonym of C. phoebe Hulst, 1884. Type Locality: New Hampshire, [USA].</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D2962FF861B0C5EE0FB83FB99FA44	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gall, Lawrence;Hawks, David	Gall, Lawrence, Hawks, David (2010): Systematics of moths in the genus Catocala (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) IV. Nomenclatorial stabilization of the Nearctic fauna, with a revised synonymic check list. ZooKeys 39 (39): 37-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.425
038D2962FF861B0E5EE0F996FBF3FF14.text	038D2962FF861B0E5EE0F996FBF3FF14.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catocala semirelicta subsp. semirelicta	<div><p>Catocala semirelicta ssp. semirelicta syn. pura Hulst, syn. n.</p> <p>Fig. 34 (lectotype)</p> <p>Catocala pura Hulst, 1880: 96</p> <p>Figures 33–40. Type specimens of Catocala. 33 lectotype, C. phoebe Hulst, 1884 and C. phoebe H. Edwards, 1885 34 lectotype, C. pura Hulst, 1880 35 lectotype, C. rosalinda H. Edwards, 1880 36 lectotype, C. sancta Hulst, 1884 37 lectotype, C. sheba Cassino, 1919 38 neotype, C. stretchii Behr, 1870 39 neotype, C. texanae French, 1902 40 lectotype, C. titania Dodge, 1900.</p> <p>Catocala pura; Barnes and McDunnough 1918: 28</p> <p>Catocala pura; McDunnough 1938: 116</p> <p>Catocala pura; Franclemont and Todd 1983: 129</p> <p>Type material. Catocala pura: the original description does not state the number of types. A male type is at the AMNH, and is designated lectotype to clarify application of the name pura. Th e lectotype bears the labels “♁ ”, “Col.”, “Collection / GDHulst”, “ Catocala</p> <p>/ pura / Type Hulst.” Th e lectotype of C. pura is a typical specimen of the widespread and morphologically variable C. semirelicta Grote, 1874.. Type Locality: Colorado, [USA].</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D2962FF861B0E5EE0F996FBF3FF14	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gall, Lawrence;Hawks, David	Gall, Lawrence, Hawks, David (2010): Systematics of moths in the genus Catocala (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) IV. Nomenclatorial stabilization of the Nearctic fauna, with a revised synonymic check list. ZooKeys 39 (39): 37-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.425
038D2962FF841B0E5EE0FC39FD0FFA44.text	038D2962FF841B0E5EE0FC39FD0FFA44.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catocala connubialis Guenee 1852	<div><p>Catocala connubialis syn. sancta Hulst</p> <p>Fig. 36 (lectotype)</p> <p>Catocala sancta Hulst, 1884: 38</p> <p>Catocala connubialis syn. sancta; Barnes and McDunnough 1918: 44</p> <p>Catocala connubialis syn. sancta; McDunnough 1938: 118</p> <p>Catocala connubialis syn. sancta; Franclemont and Todd 1983: 129</p> <p>Type material. Catocala sancta: the original description does not state the number of types. A male type is at the AMNH, and is designated as lectotype to clarify application of the name sancta. Th e lectotype bears the labels “Collection / GDHulst”, “ Catocala / sancta / Type Hulst.” The name sancta was proposed as a replacement name for C. connubialis Guenée, 1852, which Hulst mistakenly thought was unavailable (see Gall and Hawks 2002b: 257–259 for detailed analysis of the name connubialis). Type Locality: East and South East [southeastern USA].</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D2962FF841B0E5EE0FC39FD0FFA44	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gall, Lawrence;Hawks, David	Gall, Lawrence, Hawks, David (2010): Systematics of moths in the genus Catocala (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) IV. Nomenclatorial stabilization of the Nearctic fauna, with a revised synonymic check list. ZooKeys 39 (39): 37-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.425
038D2962FF841B0E5EE0FEA6FC0EFCAE.text	038D2962FF841B0E5EE0FEA6FC0EFCAE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catocala meskei Grote 1873	<div><p>Catocala meskei syn. rosalinda H. Edwards</p> <p>Fig. 35 (lectotype)</p> <p>Catocala rosalinda H. Edwards, 1880b: 55</p> <p>Catocala meskei syn. rosalinda; Barnes and McDunnough 1918: 26</p> <p>Catocala meskei syn. rosalinda; McDunnough 1938: 116</p> <p>Catocala meskei syn. rosalinda; Franclemont and Todd 1983: 129</p> <p>Type material. Catocala rosalinda: the original description states “Type, coll. Dr. James S. Bailey.” A male at the AMNH is labelled “Type 2.” Beutenmüller (1892: 192) stated that the type of C. rosalinda was at the AMNH, and we presume this male to be the specimen to which he referred, since we have been unable to locate a specimen of C. rosalinda bearing simply a “Type” label. Th e AMNH male is designated as lectotype to clarify application of the name rosalinda. Th e lectotype bears the labels “ New York. / Albany”, “No. 11836 / Collection / Hy. Edwards.”, “Type / No. / A.M.N.H.”, “Catoc. Type 2 / rosalinda. / Hy. Edw.” Type Locality: Albany, [New York, USA].</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D2962FF841B0E5EE0FEA6FC0EFCAE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gall, Lawrence;Hawks, David	Gall, Lawrence, Hawks, David (2010): Systematics of moths in the genus Catocala (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) IV. Nomenclatorial stabilization of the Nearctic fauna, with a revised synonymic check list. ZooKeys 39 (39): 37-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.425
038D2962FF841B315EE0F996FEB6FD97.text	038D2962FF841B315EE0F996FEB6FD97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catocala hermia subsp. hermia	<div><p>Catocala hermia ssp. hermia syn. sheba Cassino, syn. n.</p> <p>Fig. 37 (lectotype)</p> <p>Catocala sheba Cassino, 1919: 99</p> <p>Catocala sheba; McDunnough 1938: 116</p> <p>Catocala sheba; Franclemont and Todd 1983: 128</p> <p>Type material. Catocala sheba: the original description states “Types: 1 ♁, one ♀, paratypes 8 ♁s, 7 ♀ s in the author’s collection.” A male is at the USNM, with correct locality and date information, and a label “C. new= / muni / Cassino.” It also bears the following label by F. H. Benjamin: “Think this ♁ type / of sheba Cass. /…who says descr. / under diff. name / from that on / Type label / FHB.” Th is male is designated lectotype to clarify application of the name sheba. In addition to the above two labels, the lectotype bears the labels “Jemez Springs / New Mex”, “Sept 3”, “Barnes / Collection.” Th e lectotype of C. sheba is a typical specimen of the widespread and morphologically variable C. hermia H. Edwards, 1880. Type Locality: Jemez Springs, New Mexico, [USA].</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D2962FF841B315EE0F996FEB6FD97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gall, Lawrence;Hawks, David	Gall, Lawrence, Hawks, David (2010): Systematics of moths in the genus Catocala (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) IV. Nomenclatorial stabilization of the Nearctic fauna, with a revised synonymic check list. ZooKeys 39 (39): 37-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.425
038D2962FFBB1B315EE0FD23FE17FB87.text	038D2962FFBB1B315EE0FD23FE17FB87.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catocala consors (J. E. Smith 1797)	<div><p>Catocala consors syn. sorsconi Barnes &amp; Benjamin, syn. n.</p> <p>Catocala consors race sorsconi Barnes &amp; Benjamin, 1924: 174</p> <p>Catocala consors ssp. sorsconi; McDunnough 1938: 115</p> <p>Catocala consors ssp. sorsconi; Franclemont and Todd 1983: 128</p> <p>Type material. Catocala sorsconi: holotype ♁ [USNM, examined]. Although Barnes and Benjamin discussed wing pattern characters supposedly differentiating C. c. consors (J. E. Smith, 1797) from their northern subspecies C. s. sorsconi (which they had named “mainly to correct… [Reiff’s] error [in naming pensacola]”), these characters vary widely in large series of specimens from Texas through Florida. Because the variation is geographically inconsistent, we see little merit in retaining the name sorsconi. Type Locality: Maine, [USA].</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D2962FFBB1B315EE0FD23FE17FB87	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gall, Lawrence;Hawks, David	Gall, Lawrence, Hawks, David (2010): Systematics of moths in the genus Catocala (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) IV. Nomenclatorial stabilization of the Nearctic fauna, with a revised synonymic check list. ZooKeys 39 (39): 37-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.425
038D2962FFBB1B305EE0FB53FB8DFE2A.text	038D2962FFBB1B305EE0FB53FB8DFE2A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catocala junctura Walker 1858	<div><p>Catocala junctura syn. stretchii Behr, syn. n.</p> <p>Fig. 38 (neotype)</p> <p>Catocala stretchii Behr, 1870: 24</p> <p>Catocala stretchi; Barnes and McDunnough 1918: 30</p> <p>Catocala stretchi; McDunnough 1938: 116</p> <p>Catocala stretchi; Franclemont and Todd 1983: 129</p> <p>Type material. Catocala stretchii: the original description states “One specimen, collect- ed by Mr. Stretch, at Virginia City.” Barnes and McDunnough (1918: 30) stated: “The type of stretchi being lost, there only remains a specimen in the H. Edwards collection marked ‘true to type’; this, however is from Havilah, Kern County.” They compared this H. Edwards specimen to what they considered C. stretchi from Truckee, C. portia H. Edwards, 1880 and C. sierrae Beutenmüller, 1897 and concluded that these three names referred to the same species (viz. C. junctura Walker [1858]). We have not been able to locate the C. stretchii type. Since the name refers to a member of the taxonomically diffi cult western Nearctic species, the female in the AMNH labeled true to type is designated as neotype to clarify application of the name stretchii. The neotype bears the labels “Havilah / California.”, “7300”, “No. 12646 / Collection / Hy. Edwards.”, “Stretchii, / Behr. / True to type.” Th e neotype of C. stretchii is a typical specimen of the widespread and morphologically variable C. junctura Walker, [1858]. Type Locality: hereby amended to Havilah, California, [USA] on the basis of the neotype labels.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D2962FFBB1B305EE0FB53FB8DFE2A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gall, Lawrence;Hawks, David	Gall, Lawrence, Hawks, David (2010): Systematics of moths in the genus Catocala (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) IV. Nomenclatorial stabilization of the Nearctic fauna, with a revised synonymic check list. ZooKeys 39 (39): 37-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.425
038D2962FFBA1B335EE0FA99FE79FE0E.text	038D2962FFBA1B335EE0FA99FE79FE0E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catocala pretiosa subsp. texarkana Brower 1976	<div><p>Catocala pretiosa ssp. texarkana Brower, stat. n.</p> <p>Catocala texarkana Brower, 1976: 33</p> <p>Catocala texarkana; Franclemont and Todd 1983: 129</p> <p>Type material. Catocala texarkana: holotype ♁ [USNM, examined]. When he designated the lectotype for C. pretiosa Lintner, 1876, Schweitzer (1982) aptly noted “separation of Catocala texarkana from C. pretiosa is extremely difficult. At present, some specimens cannot be determined with certainty. Th e original description of C. texarkana does not contain explicit comparisons with related taxa, and I can find no constant differences between these two taxa.” Even though Schweitzer had rather limited specimen material available to him, especially from the southern Appalachians, he was able to find at least one specimen of C. pretiosa (from Massachusetts) that was indistinguishable from three topotypical C. texarkana. We have subsequently examined hundreds of specimens of C. texarkana from over fifty localities from Texas and Oklahoma through the midatlantic states (including Brower’s types, and a morphologically variable series of several dozen topotypes in the CUIC), and find the minor differences between C. pretiosa and C. texarkana to be essentially as stated by Schweitzer, but with greater overlap and variability. These differences are best reflected by placing C. texarkana as a subspecies of C. pretiosa Lintner, 1876. Type Locality: Forestburg, Texas, [USA].</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D2962FFBA1B335EE0FA99FE79FE0E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gall, Lawrence;Hawks, David	Gall, Lawrence, Hawks, David (2010): Systematics of moths in the genus Catocala (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) IV. Nomenclatorial stabilization of the Nearctic fauna, with a revised synonymic check list. ZooKeys 39 (39): 37-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.425
038D2962FFBA1B305EE0FDBCFBFAFB4D.text	038D2962FFBA1B305EE0FDBCFBFAFB4D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catocala texanae French 1902	<div><p>Catocala texanae French</p> <p>Fig. 39 (neotype)</p> <p>Catocala texanae French, 1902: 98</p> <p>Catocala texanae; Barnes and McDunnough 1918: 29</p> <p>Catocala texanae; McDunnough 1938: 117</p> <p>Catocala texanae; Franclemont and Todd 1983: 129</p> <p>Type material. Catocala texanae: French’s original description states “Before closing this I want to speak of the Junctura group. Th e more I see of the Arizona specimens, the more satisfied I am that the Texan form is separate from both that occur in Arizona … The Texan form is a larger insect than either of the Arizona forms, of an even greenish gray, and may be known as Texanae.” No types of C. texanae have been located in institutional collections, and French may never have labeled any specimens as such. Since the name refers to a member of the taxonomically diffi cult western Nearctic species, a female from PMNH (specimen #ENT 719311) is designated as neotype in order to clarify application of the name texanae. Th e neotype bears the labels “Uvalde Co / Texas / Stallings &amp; Turner” “ Catocala / texanae / French / Det. / A.E. Brower 1941.” Type Locality: hereby amended to Uvalde Co[unty, Texas, USA] on the basis of the lectotype label.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D2962FFBA1B305EE0FDBCFBFAFB4D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gall, Lawrence;Hawks, David	Gall, Lawrence, Hawks, David (2010): Systematics of moths in the genus Catocala (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) IV. Nomenclatorial stabilization of the Nearctic fauna, with a revised synonymic check list. ZooKeys 39 (39): 37-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.425
038D2962FFB91B335EE0FDD9FE19FA9E.text	038D2962FFB91B335EE0FDD9FE19FA9E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catocala alabamae Grote 1875	<div><p>Catocala alabamae syn. titania Dodge, syn. n.</p> <p>Fig. 40 (lectotype)</p> <p>Catocala titania Dodge, 1900: 472</p> <p>Catocala titania; Barnes and McDunnough 1918: 42</p> <p>Catocala titania; McDunnough 1938: 118</p> <p>Catocala titania; Franclemont and Todd 1983: 129</p> <p>Type material. Catocala titania: the original description does not state the number of types. A male type is at the USNM, and is designated as lectotype to clarify application of the name titania. Th e lectotype bears the labels “Bred. 6.8.99 / La Mo”, “type C. TITANIA, Dodge”, “ C. titania. Dodge / Type. Feb. 1 1900 / G. M. Dodge”, “Barnes / Collection.” Barnes and McDunnough (1918: 42) felt that C. titania “may be merely a poorly marked race of alabamae.” Although most specimens from Illinois and Missouri are referable to C. titania (even gray forewings with reduced maculation), both C. titania and C. alabamae and a wide range of intergrades (including its form olivia) occur in populations in Oklahoma, Arkansas and Texas. Specimens referable to C. titania are in the minority in populations along the Gulf Coast, and are apparently lacking in peninsular Floridian specimens, which are even larger and more strongly marked than typical C. alabamae. Because C. titania and C. alabamae can be found on an intrapopulational basis over a broad geographic area, we place C. titania as a synonym of C. alabamae Grote, 1875. Type Locality: Louisiana, Missouri, [USA].</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D2962FFB91B335EE0FDD9FE19FA9E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gall, Lawrence;Hawks, David	Gall, Lawrence, Hawks, David (2010): Systematics of moths in the genus Catocala (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) IV. Nomenclatorial stabilization of the Nearctic fauna, with a revised synonymic check list. ZooKeys 39 (39): 37-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.425
038D2962FFB91B325EE0FA29FBF3FA61.text	038D2962FFB91B325EE0FA29FBF3FA61.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catocala unijuga Walker 1858	<div><p>Catocala unijuga Walker</p> <p>Fig. 41 (lectotype)</p> <p>Catocala unijuga Walker, [1858]: 1194</p> <p>Catocala unijuga; Barnes and McDunnough 1918: 27</p> <p>Catocala unijuga; McDunnough 1938: 116</p> <p>Figures 4Ι–45. Type specimens of Catocala. 4Ι lectotype, C. unijuga Walker, [1858] 42 lectotype, C. valeria H. Edwards, 1880 43 lectotype, C. verecunda Hulst, 1884 44 lectotype, C. violenta H. Edwards, 1880 45 lectotype, C. werneri Biederman, 1909.</p> <p>Catocala unijuga; Franclemont and Todd 1983: 128</p> <p>Type material. Catocala unijuga: the original description states “a. St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay. Presented by Dr. Barnston. b. United States. Presented by E. Doubleday, Esq. c. Canada. Presented by E. Doubleday, Esq.” A male type is at the BMNH, and is designated lectotype to clarify application of the name unijuga. The lectotype bears the labels “New York / Doubleday / 46-110.”, “New York / 46-110 [and on the reverse:] Catocala / unijuga / Type Walker.” Type Locality: [North America].</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D2962FFB91B325EE0FA29FBF3FA61	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gall, Lawrence;Hawks, David	Gall, Lawrence, Hawks, David (2010): Systematics of moths in the genus Catocala (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) IV. Nomenclatorial stabilization of the Nearctic fauna, with a revised synonymic check list. ZooKeys 39 (39): 37-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.425
038D2962FFB81B355EE0FA75FD7AFE0E.text	038D2962FFB81B355EE0FA75FD7AFE0E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catocala irene Behr 1870	<div><p>Catocala irene syn. valeria H. Edwards, syn. n.</p> <p>Fig. 42 (lectotype)</p> <p>Catocala irene var. valeria H. Edwards, 1880b: 56</p> <p>Catocala irene race valeria; Barnes and McDunnough 1918: 22</p> <p>Catocala irene ssp. valeria; McDunnough 1938: 116</p> <p>Catocala irene ssp. valeria; Franclemont and Todd 1983: 128</p> <p>Type material. Catocala valeria: the original description states “Types, coll. B. Neumoegen, Hy. Edwards.” A female type is at the AMNH, and is designated lectotype to clarify application of the name valeria. Th e lectotype bears the labels “ Arizona.”, “7304”, “No. 11897 / Collection / Hy. Edwards.”, “Type / No. / A.M.N.H.”, “ Cat. irene. / var. valeria. / Type. Hy. Edw.” The name valeria represents specimens of C. irene Behr, 1870 with light brown forewings with distinctive markings, and has no definable geographic basis. Type Locality: Arizona, [USA].</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D2962FFB81B355EE0FA75FD7AFE0E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gall, Lawrence;Hawks, David	Gall, Lawrence, Hawks, David (2010): Systematics of moths in the genus Catocala (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) IV. Nomenclatorial stabilization of the Nearctic fauna, with a revised synonymic check list. ZooKeys 39 (39): 37-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.425
038D2962FFBF1B355EE0FDD9FD9CFBA4.text	038D2962FFBF1B355EE0FDD9FD9CFBA4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catocala hermia subsp. hermia	<div><p>Catocala hermia ssp. hermia syn. verecunda Hulst, syn. n.</p> <p>Fig. 43 (lectotype)</p> <p>Catocala verecunda Hulst, 1884: 45</p> <p>Catocala verecunda; Barnes and McDunnough 1918: 21</p> <p>Catocala hermia ssp. verecunda; McDunnough 1938: 116</p> <p>Catocala hermia ssp. verecunda; Franclemont and Todd 1983: 128</p> <p>Type material. Catocala verecunda: the original description states “Habitat, Montana. Taken in numbers by H. K. Morrison.” Two female types are at the AMNH, and one is designated as lectotype to clarify application of the name verecunda. The lectotype bears the labels “ ♀ ”, “Mon.”, “Collection / GDHulst”, “ Catocala / verecunda / Type Hulst.” The name verecunda has been treated as a subspecies of C. hermia H. Edwards, 1880 but C. verecunda falls within the normal pattern of variation seen in nominate C. hermia. Type Locality: Montana, [USA].</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D2962FFBF1B355EE0FDD9FD9CFBA4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gall, Lawrence;Hawks, David	Gall, Lawrence, Hawks, David (2010): Systematics of moths in the genus Catocala (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) IV. Nomenclatorial stabilization of the Nearctic fauna, with a revised synonymic check list. ZooKeys 39 (39): 37-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.425
038D2962FFBF1B355EE0FB36FE9CF977.text	038D2962FFBF1B355EE0FB36FE9CF977.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catocala violenta H. Edwards 1880	<div><p>Catocala violenta H. Edwards</p> <p>Fig. 44 (lectotype)</p> <p>Catocala violenta H. Edwards, 1880b: 58</p> <p>Catocala violenta; Barnes and McDunnough 1918: 37</p> <p>Catocala violenta; McDunnough 1938: 117</p> <p>Catocala violenta; Franclemont and Todd 1983: 129</p> <p>Type material. Catocala violenta: the original description states “M. B. Neumoegen, 6 examples, ♁, ♀. Type, coll. B. Neumoegen.” A male type is at the AMNH, and is designated lectotype to clarify application of the name violenta. Th e lectotype bears the labels “South / Colorado ”, “7327”, “No. 11846 / Collection / Hy. Edwards.”, “Type / No. / A.M.N.H.”, “ Catocala / violenta Hy. Edw. / Type.” Type Locality: southern Colorado, [USA].</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D2962FFBF1B355EE0FB36FE9CF977	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gall, Lawrence;Hawks, David	Gall, Lawrence, Hawks, David (2010): Systematics of moths in the genus Catocala (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) IV. Nomenclatorial stabilization of the Nearctic fauna, with a revised synonymic check list. ZooKeys 39 (39): 37-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.425
038D2962FFBE1B345EE0FF33FCC6FAD7.text	038D2962FFBE1B345EE0FF33FCC6FAD7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Catocala verrilliana Grote 1875	<div><p>Catocala verrilliana syn. werneri Biederman</p> <p>Fig. 45 (lectotype)</p> <p>Catocala werneri Biederman, 1909: 76</p> <p>Catocala verrilliana syn. werneri; Barnes and McDunnough 1918: 37</p> <p>Catocala verrilliana syn. werneri; McDunnough 1938: 117</p> <p>Catocala verrilliana syn. werneri; Franclemont and Todd 1983: 129</p> <p>Type material. Catocala werneri: the original description does not state the number of types. A female type is at the USNM, and is designated as lectotype to clarify application of the name werneri. Th e lectotype bears the labels “Palmerlee / Ariz.”, “ Catocala / werneri / Type Biederman”, “Photograph / Pl. X No. 1.” Type Locality: Palmerlee, Huachuca Mountains, Arizona, [USA].</p> <p>Acknowledgments</p> <p>We thank the following individuals for providing access to collections under their care, loans of material, and/or hospitality during trips during our museum excursions: D. Azuma and J. Weintraub (ANSP); J. Miller, E. Quinter and F. Rindge (AMNH); W. Gall (Buffalo Museum of Science); N. Penny (California Academy of Sciences); J. D. Lafontaine (CNC); J. Rawlins (CMNH); J. Franclemont and J. Liebherr (CUIC); P. Parillo (FMNH); W. Mey and W. Spiedel (Museum fur Naturkunde of Humboldt University); D. Bowers and S. Shaw (MCZ); D. Ferguson, D. Furth, R. Hodges, M. Pogue, R. Poole (USNM); M. Honey and G. Martin (BMNH); T. McCabe (New York State Museum); H. Stein and H. Sturm (Roemer- unde Pelizaeus Museum and Hildesheim University); P. Becker and H. Riemann (Ubersee Museum, Bremen); and V. Brou (Abita Springs, Louisiana), J. Peacock (Marion, Ohio), D. Schweitzer (Port Norris, New Jersey), J. Slotten (Gainesville, Florida), and D. Wagner (Mansfield, Connecticut). G. Anweiler (Edmonton, Alberta), D. Lafontaine, J. Peacock, and C. Schmidt (CNC) provided helpful comments on the manuscript, and Jocelyn Gill (CNC) and Aimee Burg (PMNH) helped prepare the figures. Partial financial assistance provided by the Goelet-Cary Fund, Yale University.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D2962FFBE1B345EE0FF33FCC6FAD7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Gall, Lawrence;Hawks, David	Gall, Lawrence, Hawks, David (2010): Systematics of moths in the genus Catocala (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) IV. Nomenclatorial stabilization of the Nearctic fauna, with a revised synonymic check list. ZooKeys 39 (39): 37-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.425
