taxonID	type	description	language	source
03C37053FFB48F1BFF1CFD151CF0FAEF.taxon	description	Liana 6 – 35 cm diâm.; rhytidome ivory, fissured. Leaves alternate, basifixed; venation suprabasal actinodromous; primary veins 5, plinerved, convex on the abaxial surface; adaxial surface glabrous, abaxial surface tomentose or velutinous. Petiole semi-cylindrical; basal pulvinus conspicuously swollen; apical pulvinus inconspicuous. Bracts of the inflorescence ovate, velutinous. Inflorescences in simple racemes or panicles, multiflorous or pauciflorous, axillary or supra-axillary. Flowers unisexual, pediceled, actinomorphic, dichlamydeous. Staminate flowers with isostemonous androecium; sepals 6, biseriate; 6 petals and 6 free stamens elevated in a central column; anthers longitudinally dehiscent. Pistillate flower hypogynous; sepals 6, biseriate; petals 6; staminodes 6; carpels 3; one ovule degenerated and one developed per carpel; stigma apical. Drupes raised by a tripartite gynophores; stigma scar subbasal; epicarp subligneous; mesocarp fleshy; endocarp in the shape of an inverted “ U, ” woody, the outer surface is ornamented with a characteristic pattern of two inverted “ U ” shaped grooves, following the long curvature and connected by a network of lesser, horizontal veinlets; seed with endosperm ruminate, in the shape of an inverted “ U, ” with external tegumentary membrane; condyle septiform, vertical to the longitudinal axis of the seed; embryo curved in the mid region.	en	Sousa, Julio Dos Santos De, Gurgel, Ely Simone Cajueiro (2023): Emended description of the South American genus Elephantomene (Menispermaceae). Phytotaxa 579 (1): 32-38, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.579.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN
03C37053FFB48F1BFF1CFD151CF0FAEF.taxon	discussion	Elephantomene is a neotropical genus, with distribution in South America: Brazil, Ecuador, French Guiana and Peru (CRIA 2022, Sousa 2016, Tropicos 2022). This genus is monospecific and easily identified by the presence of a tripartite gynophores in the pistillate condition and by stamens elevated in a central column in the staminate condition.	en	Sousa, Julio Dos Santos De, Gurgel, Ely Simone Cajueiro (2023): Emended description of the South American genus Elephantomene (Menispermaceae). Phytotaxa 579 (1): 32-38, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.579.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN
03C37053FFB48F1BFF1CFD151CF0FAEF.taxon	type_taxon	Type: Elephantomene eburnea Barneby & Krukoff	en	Sousa, Julio Dos Santos De, Gurgel, Ely Simone Cajueiro (2023): Emended description of the South American genus Elephantomene (Menispermaceae). Phytotaxa 579 (1): 32-38, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.579.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN
03C37053FFB48F1EFF1CFA311C21F9C2.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — FRENCH GUIANA. Saint-Laurentdu-Maroni: Maripasoula, Sa ̧ l, Sur la route Boeuf Mort, 27 May 1971, fr., B. Oldeman 3925 (holotype CAY – 64902; holotype fragment NY – 320580!; isotypes: NY 320579!, P – 00744924!; P – 00744925!) Fig. 1 (A-P)	en	Sousa, Julio Dos Santos De, Gurgel, Ely Simone Cajueiro (2023): Emended description of the South American genus Elephantomene (Menispermaceae). Phytotaxa 579 (1): 32-38, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.579.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN
03C37053FFB48F1EFF1CFA311C21F9C2.taxon	description	Liana, 6 – 35 cm diam.; rhytidome ivory, fissured, tomentose; sapwood yellowish, not lenticillate. Petiole 5.1 – 13.9 × 0.3 – 0.5 cm, semi-cylindrical, fissured, tomentose. Leaf blade 12 – 20.2 × 10.9 – 22 cm, subcordiform, suborbicular or oval, coriaceous, bullate, adaxial surface glabrous, abaxial surface tomentose or velutinous; apex obtuse, subemarginate or mucronate; base emarginated to cordate; margin entire, ondulate, glabrous. Venation suprabasal actinodromous, primary veins 5 - plinerved, impressed on adaxial surface; secondary veins 4 – 6, diverging from the lower third of the blade; tertiary veins scalariform, impressed. Staminate inflorescences in panicles, multiflorous, axillary or supraaxillary. Staminate flowers with green-cinereous perianth; sepals 1.5 – 6 × 1.5 – 4.5 mm; external sepals deltoid or oblanceolate, internal sepals oblanceolate, velutinous; petals 0.5 – 1.5 × 0.5 – 1 mm, submembranous, flabeliform, obdeltoid or obovate, velutinous, fixed on a column; stamens free, clavate, fixed on a column, anthers longitudinally dehiscent. Pistillate inflorescences in simple racemes, pauciflorous, supra-axillary. Pistillate flowers with greencinereous perianth (figure 2 D – I); sepals 2 – 5 × 2.5 – 4.5 mm, deltoid or ovate, adaxially velutinous; petals 1 – 2 × 0.5 – 1.5 mm, submembranous, spatulate, velutinous in the margins and in the dorsal region; staminodes 6, 1.7 – 2 mm long, filiform, glabrous; ovary 2 – 3 mm long, sessile, ovoid, velutinous; stigma lobulated or flabelliform. Drupes 1.7 – 5.6 × 1.3 – 3.1 cm, ellipsoid or oblongoid, stipitate, orangish, striate, verrucous, velutinous or tomentose; apex obtuse to rounded, base cuneate, obtuse or asymmetrical; gynophores 1.2 – 2 mm long, tripartite, velutinous.	en	Sousa, Julio Dos Santos De, Gurgel, Ely Simone Cajueiro (2023): Emended description of the South American genus Elephantomene (Menispermaceae). Phytotaxa 579 (1): 32-38, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.579.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN
03C37053FFB48F1EFF1CFA311C21F9C2.taxon	materials_examined	Examined specimens: — BRAZIL. Amazonas: Manaus, distrito agropecuário da SUFRAMA, rodovia BR- 174, Km 64, próximo ao igarapé do acampamento Colosso, floresta de terra firme, 23 May 1991, fl. & fr., E. Setz 1020 (INPA); rio Curuçá, 8 miles above mouth, forest on terra firme, 26 October 1976, fl., G. T. Prance et al. 24137 (INPA, NY). ECUADOR. Napo: Tena, Estación Biológica Jatun Sacha, bosque muy húmedo tropical, 04 July 1996, fr., R. Ortiz & J. Vargas 205 (NY, MO); Costado sur del Rio Napo, bosque muy húmedo tropical, 04 August 1985, fr., D. Neill 6543 (NY). FRENCH GUIANA. Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni: Maripasoula, Sa ̧ l, Sur la route Boeuf Mort, 27 May 1971, fr., B. Oldeman 3925 (NY, U); Sa ̧ l: Bélizon, 04 August 1993, fl., S. A. Mori 23108 (NY, MO); Sa ̧ l: La Fumée Mountain Trail, Antenne Nord, 27 July 1987, fr., S. A. Mori et al. 18586 (NY); Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni: vicinity of Les Eaux Claires, Route Bélizon, 22 September 2000, fl., N. P. Smith et al. 19 (U). PERU. Loreto: Requena, Distrito Sapuena, Centro de Investigación Jenaro Herrera, 12 June 2002, fl. & fr., R. Ortiz 237 (INPA, MO, U); Pasco: Oxapampa, Distrito Palcazú, Parque Nacional Yanachaga Chemillén, alrededores dela Estación Paujil, 06 September 2016, R. Vásquez et al. 40972 (MO).	en	Sousa, Julio Dos Santos De, Gurgel, Ely Simone Cajueiro (2023): Emended description of the South American genus Elephantomene (Menispermaceae). Phytotaxa 579 (1): 32-38, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.579.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN
03C37053FFB48F1EFF1CFA311C21F9C2.taxon	distribution	Distribution: The species is distributed in French Guiana, Ecuador, Peru and Brazil, where its occurrence has been recorded only in the state of Amazonas (Barneby 1993, BFG 2015, CRIA 2022, Tropicos 2022). Elephantomene eburnea was found only in terra firme forest, as pointed out by Barneby (2002). Flowering of the species usually occurs in the months of May, June, August and October, while fruiting was recorded in the month of May, July and August.	en	Sousa, Julio Dos Santos De, Gurgel, Ely Simone Cajueiro (2023): Emended description of the South American genus Elephantomene (Menispermaceae). Phytotaxa 579 (1): 32-38, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.579.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN
03C37053FFB48F1EFF1CFA311C21F9C2.taxon	conservation	Elephantomene eburnea has insufficient data to accurately assess its conservation status.	en	Sousa, Julio Dos Santos De, Gurgel, Ely Simone Cajueiro (2023): Emended description of the South American genus Elephantomene (Menispermaceae). Phytotaxa 579 (1): 32-38, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.579.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN
03C37053FFB48F1EFF1CFA311C21F9C2.taxon	discussion	Floral formala: Staminate flower (♁): K 3 + (3) C 6 A 6. Pistillate flower (♀): K 3 + 3 C 6 A º 6 G 3. K: sepals. C: petals. A: stamens. G: carpels. A º: staminodes. Fig. 3 (A-B)	en	Sousa, Julio Dos Santos De, Gurgel, Ely Simone Cajueiro (2023): Emended description of the South American genus Elephantomene (Menispermaceae). Phytotaxa 579 (1): 32-38, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.579.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN
