identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03C37053FFB48F1BFF1CFD151CF0FAEF.text	03C37053FFB48F1BFF1CFD151CF0FAEF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Elephantomene Barneby & Krukoff 1974	<div><p>Elephantomene Barneby &amp; Krukoff, Lloydia 37(1): 28–29. 1974. Fig. 1–3</p> <p>Cionomene Krukoff, Phytologia 41: 241.1979</p> <p>Liana 6–35 cm diâm.; rhytidome ivory, fissured. Leaves alternate, basifixed; venation suprabasal actinodromous; primary veins 5, plinerved, convex on the abaxial surface; adaxial surface glabrous, abaxial surface tomentose or velutinous. Petiole semi-cylindrical; basal pulvinus conspicuously swollen; apical pulvinus inconspicuous. Bracts of the inflorescence ovate, velutinous. Inflorescences in simple racemes or panicles, multiflorous or pauciflorous, axillary or supra-axillary. Flowers unisexual, pediceled, actinomorphic, dichlamydeous. Staminate flowers with isostemonous androecium; sepals 6, biseriate; 6 petals and 6 free stamens elevated in a central column; anthers longitudinally dehiscent. Pistillate flower hypogynous; sepals 6, biseriate; petals 6; staminodes 6; carpels 3; one ovule degenerated and one developed per carpel; stigma apical. Drupes raised by a tripartite gynophores; stigma scar subbasal; epicarp subligneous; mesocarp fleshy; endocarp in the shape of an inverted “U,” woody, the outer surface is ornamented with a characteristic pattern of two inverted “U” shaped grooves, following the long curvature and connected by a network of lesser, horizontal veinlets; seed with endosperm ruminate, in the shape of an inverted “U,” with external tegumentary membrane; condyle septiform, vertical to the longitudinal axis of the seed; embryo curved in the mid region.</p> <p>Elephantomene is a neotropical genus, with distribution in South America: Brazil, Ecuador, French Guiana and Peru (CRIA 2022, Sousa 2016, Tropicos 2022). This genus is monospecific and easily identified by the presence of a tripartite gynophores in the pistillate condition and by stamens elevated in a central column in the staminate condition.</p> <p>Type: Elephantomene eburnea Barneby &amp; Krukoff</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C37053FFB48F1BFF1CFD151CF0FAEF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sousa, Julio Dos Santos De;Gurgel, Ely Simone Cajueiro	Sousa, Julio Dos Santos De, Gurgel, Ely Simone Cajueiro (2023): Emended description of the South American genus Elephantomene (Menispermaceae). Phytotaxa 579 (1): 32-38, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.579.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN
03C37053FFB48F1EFF1CFA311C21F9C2.text	03C37053FFB48F1EFF1CFA311C21F9C2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Elephantomene eburnea Barneby & Krukoff 1974	<div><p>Elephantomene eburnea Barneby &amp; Krukoff, Lloydia 37(1): 28–29, 1974.</p> <p>Type:— FRENCH GUIANA. Saint-Laurentdu-Maroni: Maripasoula, Sa ̧l, Sur la route Boeuf Mort, 27 May 1971, fr., B. Oldeman 3925 (holotype CAY –64902; holotype fragment NY–320580!; isotypes: NY 320579!, P–00744924!; P–00744925!) Fig. 1 (A-P)</p> <p>Cionomene javariensis Krukoff, Phytologia 41: 241, 1979. Type:— BRASIL. Amazonas, rio Curuçá, 8 miles above mouth, forest on terra firme, 26 October 1976, fl., G.T. Pranceet al. 24137 (holotype INPA–63582!; isotypes: MG–052507!; NY–320516!, NY–320517!, R –165292!, P–744896!, U–4404!, U–4405!, U–4406!, US –104022 4405!).</p> <p>Liana, 6–35 cm diam.; rhytidome ivory, fissured, tomentose; sapwood yellowish, not lenticillate. Petiole 5.1–13.9 × 0.3–0.5 cm, semi-cylindrical, fissured, tomentose. Leaf blade 12–20.2 × 10.9–22 cm, subcordiform, suborbicular or oval, coriaceous, bullate, adaxial surface glabrous, abaxial surface tomentose or velutinous; apex obtuse, subemarginate or mucronate; base emarginated to cordate; margin entire, ondulate, glabrous. Venation suprabasal actinodromous, primary veins 5-plinerved, impressed on adaxial surface; secondary veins 4–6, diverging from the lower third of the blade; tertiary veins scalariform, impressed. Staminate inflorescences in panicles, multiflorous, axillary or supraaxillary. Staminate flowers with green-cinereous perianth; sepals 1.5–6 × 1.5–4.5 mm; external sepals deltoid or oblanceolate, internal sepals oblanceolate, velutinous; petals 0.5–1.5 × 0.5–1 mm, submembranous, flabeliform, obdeltoid or obovate, velutinous, fixed on a column; stamens free, clavate, fixed on a column, anthers longitudinally dehiscent. Pistillate inflorescences in simple racemes, pauciflorous, supra-axillary. Pistillate flowers with greencinereous perianth (figure 2D–I); sepals 2–5 × 2.5–4.5 mm, deltoid or ovate, adaxially velutinous; petals 1–2 × 0.5–1.5 mm, submembranous, spatulate, velutinous in the margins and in the dorsal region; staminodes 6, 1.7–2 mm long, filiform, glabrous; ovary 2–3 mm long, sessile, ovoid, velutinous; stigma lobulated or flabelliform. Drupes 1.7–5.6 × 1.3–3.1 cm, ellipsoid or oblongoid, stipitate, orangish, striate, verrucous, velutinous or tomentose; apex obtuse to rounded, base cuneate, obtuse or asymmetrical; gynophores 1.2–2 mm long, tripartite, velutinous.</p> <p>Examined specimens:— BRAZIL. Amazonas: Manaus, distrito agropecuário da SUFRAMA, rodovia BR-174, Km 64, próximo ao igarapé do acampamento Colosso, floresta de terra firme, 23 May 1991, fl. &amp; fr., E. Setz 1020 (INPA); rio Curuçá, 8 miles above mouth, forest on terra firme, 26 October 1976, fl., G.T. Prance et al. 24137 (INPA, NY). ECUADOR. Napo: Tena, Estación Biológica Jatun Sacha, bosque muy húmedo tropical, 04 July 1996, fr., R. Ortiz &amp; J. Vargas 205 (NY, MO); Costado sur del Rio Napo, bosque muy húmedo tropical, 04 August 1985, fr., D. Neill 6543 (NY). FRENCH GUIANA. Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni: Maripasoula, Sa ̧l, Sur la route Boeuf Mort, 27 May 1971, fr., B. Oldeman 3925 (NY, U); Sa̧l: Bélizon, 04 August 1993, fl., S.A. Mori 23108 (NY, MO); Sa̧l: La Fumée Mountain Trail, Antenne Nord, 27 July 1987, fr., S.A. Mori et al. 18586 (NY); Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni: vicinity of Les Eaux Claires, Route Bélizon, 22 September 2000, fl., N.P. Smith et al. 19 (U). PERU. Loreto: Requena, Distrito Sapuena, Centro de Investigación Jenaro Herrera, 12 June 2002, fl. &amp; fr., R. Ortiz 237 (INPA, MO, U); Pasco: Oxapampa, Distrito Palcazú, Parque Nacional Yanachaga Chemillén, alrededores dela Estación Paujil, 06 September 2016, R. Vásquez et al. 40972 (MO).</p> <p>Distribution: The species is distributed in French Guiana, Ecuador, Peru and Brazil, where its occurrence has been recorded only in the state of Amazonas (Barneby 1993, BFG 2015, CRIA 2022, Tropicos 2022). Elephantomene eburnea was found only in terra firme forest, as pointed out by Barneby (2002). Flowering of the species usually occurs in the months of May, June, August and October, while fruiting was recorded in the month of May, July and August.</p> <p>Elephantomene eburnea has insufficient data to accurately assess its conservation status.</p> <p>Floral formala:</p> <p>Staminate flower (♁): K3+ (3) C6 A6. Pistillate flower (♀): K3+3 C6 A º 6 G3. K: sepals. C: petals. A: stamens. G: carpels. A º: staminodes. Fig. 3 (A-B)</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C37053FFB48F1EFF1CFA311C21F9C2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sousa, Julio Dos Santos De;Gurgel, Ely Simone Cajueiro	Sousa, Julio Dos Santos De, Gurgel, Ely Simone Cajueiro (2023): Emended description of the South American genus Elephantomene (Menispermaceae). Phytotaxa 579 (1): 32-38, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.579.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0755-PDN
