taxonID	type	description	language	source
03A987D3FFDE690CBA2E759C7A7EFBD8.taxon	description	[New Japanese name: Chou-kou-mushi-ka]	en	Olesen, JØrgen, Grygier, Mark J. (2022): Two New Species of Lecithotrophic Nauplius y with Remarkable Labra from Okinawa, Japan, and a Family-Group Name for y-Larvae (Crustacea: Thecostraca: Facetotecta: Hansenocarididae fam. nov.). Species Diversity 27 (2): 301-317, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.27.301, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.27.301
03A987D3FFDE690CBA2E759C7A7EFBD8.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Mostly agreeing with the diagnosis proposed for Subclass Facetotecta by Chan et al. (2021: 34), but with additional detail that is subject to change as more taxa are described. Known only from ortho- and metanauplii, cyprid larvae, and ypsigons; adults unknown or unrecognized. Nauplii [based in part on Grygier (1991, 1996), thus also on M. J. Grygier’s unpublished data]: cephalic shield posteriorly abutting on free, exposed trunk dorsum; frontolateral horns and frontal filaments absent. Common plan of cephalic shield ridges fully or partially outlining moreor-less stereotypical turtle-shell-like pattern of plates (facets) in early instars, plates commonly becoming complexly subdivided and / or re-fused in later instars. Common posi-tions of ‘ window’ plate and dorsal setae (of which no more than 4 pairs present) and certain pores on cephalic shield. Ventral side of cephalic region flat, round, with wide rim (‘ faciomarginal cuticle’). First antenna with up to 8 setae on distal segment only. Maximal second antennal armature of 1 coxal spine, 1 basal spine, 2 - segmented endopod with spine and seta on proximal segment and 2 apical setae on distal, and 6 - segmented exopod with short seta on second segment, 1 long seta each on next 3 segments, and long and short seta on distal segment. Maximal mandibular armature similar except basis maximally with 1 spine and 1 seta, and exopod 5 - segmented with 1 seta each on first 4 segments, 2 setae on apical segment. Second antenna and mandible essentially unchanged in segmentation and armature from second through final instar except for rare loss of 1 protopodal spine. Paragnaths either absent or rudimentary and unarmed. No ventral setation except for rare occurrence of pair of setae representing first maxillae. Trunk region often complexly subdivided by ridges. Caudal end asetose, but usually with pair of furcal spines and terminal dorsocaudal spine, these being of various sizes and possessing various subsidiary spination depending on taxon. Round, knob-like ‘ dorsocaudal organ’ of unknown function present posteriorly on dorsum of trunk region mainly in planktotrophic forms, possibly represented by similarly positioned pore in some lecithotrophic forms. Exuvium of last nauplius of lecithotrophic forms often containing fine, membranous trace (“ ghost ”) of ventral thoracic parts of cyprid formerly held within, this being connected by internal struts to pair of anterioventral invaginations of trunk wall. Cyprids [based in part on Itô (1985), Kolbasov et al. (2007), HØeg et al. (2014); also on J. Olesen’s unpublished SEM data]: non-feeding, with boat-like, univalved head shield or carapace not covering whole body and free from thorax. Carapace with lattice organs and often with complex pattern of surface sculpturing featuring anterior meshwork and longitudinal ridges. Head with pair of prehensile first antennae bearing hook (occasionally absent) and uni-or usually bi-articulate palp on presumed third segment (proximal segmentation often obscure); knob-like vestiges of naupliar second antennae and mandibles sometimes present. Pair of sessile compound eyes, each composed of about 9 ommatidia with tripartite crystalline cones. Eyes often (not confirmed in some) flanked by 2 pairs of sensory organs (‘ bifurcate paraocular processes, ’ ‘ postocular filamentary tufts’). Large, ventrally produced labrum bearing apical and posterior hooks usually present, its form and armament taxon-specific to some degree. Thorax 6 - segmented and bearing 6 pairs of biramous limbs, with first 2 tergites fused to each other dorsally (in at least some taxa), last 2 segments with pleural extensions. Coxa and basis of thoracopods separate or (in sixth pair) fused, exopods 2 - segmented (rarely 1 - segmented) with 3 apical natatory setae (2 setae in first pair), endopods 2 - or 3 - segmented with 2 apical and 1 subapical natatory setae (subapical seta absent in first pair). Abdomen consisting of 1 or, much more usually, 3 short somites with or without sharp ventrolateral extensions, and large, oblong telson, latter heavily ornamented with cuticular ridges defining 6 rows of dorsal and lateral plates, thus appearing pseudo-segmented. Telson similarly ornamented ventrally and bearing 0 – 6 serrate spines along posterioventral margin and pair of small, setose, unsegmented or (perhaps superficially) 2 - segmented furcal rami on posterior face. Ypsigon stage [based on Glenner et al. (2008), Chan et al. (2021), Dreyer et al. (in press)]: unsegmented, slug-like, slightly motile despite lacking appendages. Lined externally by extremely thin (epi) cuticle. Internal cellular contents comprising epithelium beneath cuticle, derivatives of former cyprid nervous system (including large anterior neuropile and degenerating compound eyes), muscle bands, and elongate mass of cells filled with lipid vesicles. No ovarial or testicular tissue present.	en	Olesen, JØrgen, Grygier, Mark J. (2022): Two New Species of Lecithotrophic Nauplius y with Remarkable Labra from Okinawa, Japan, and a Family-Group Name for y-Larvae (Crustacea: Thecostraca: Facetotecta: Hansenocarididae fam. nov.). Species Diversity 27 (2): 301-317, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.27.301, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.27.301
03A987D3FFDE690CBA2E759C7A7EFBD8.taxon	type_taxon	Type genus. Hansenocaris Itô, 1985.	en	Olesen, JØrgen, Grygier, Mark J. (2022): Two New Species of Lecithotrophic Nauplius y with Remarkable Labra from Okinawa, Japan, and a Family-Group Name for y-Larvae (Crustacea: Thecostraca: Facetotecta: Hansenocarididae fam. nov.). Species Diversity 27 (2): 301-317, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.27.301, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.27.301
03A987D3FFDE690CBA2E759C7A7EFBD8.taxon	discussion	Remarks. As reviewed by Dreyer et al. (in press), a putative family-group name “ Hansenocarididae ”, with or without attribution to Itô (1985), has been cited in a few print and internet sources, but Itô never proposed such a name in any of his works. Our action herein is the first to make this family-group name available for y-larvae in accordance with the relevant provisions of Chapter 4 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1999). The new Japanese name combines the existing Japanese name for Facetotecta (“ chou-kou-rui ”, which refers to the faceted cephalic shield; Ohtsuka 2000), and “ mushi ”, meaning “ bug ” or “ worm. ”	en	Olesen, JØrgen, Grygier, Mark J. (2022): Two New Species of Lecithotrophic Nauplius y with Remarkable Labra from Okinawa, Japan, and a Family-Group Name for y-Larvae (Crustacea: Thecostraca: Facetotecta: Hansenocarididae fam. nov.). Species Diversity 27 (2): 301-317, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.27.301, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.27.301
03A987D3FFDF6909BA3F74D67DC1F9C1.taxon	description	[New Japanese name: Tosaka-chou-kou-mushi] (Figs 1 – 5)	en	Olesen, JØrgen, Grygier, Mark J. (2022): Two New Species of Lecithotrophic Nauplius y with Remarkable Labra from Okinawa, Japan, and a Family-Group Name for y-Larvae (Crustacea: Thecostraca: Facetotecta: Hansenocarididae fam. nov.). Species Diversity 27 (2): 301-317, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.27.301, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.27.301
03A987D3FFDF6909BA3F74D67DC1F9C1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. In last-stage nauplius, labrum produced ventrally as three-sided pyramidal base topped with elongate, cockscomb-like process bearing row of 9 dagger-like spines along anterior side. Cephalic shield clearly and nearly completely reticulated, divided into discrete facets except for a few continuous submarginal belts in posteriolateral sector, and with pair of rounded, spine-bounded marginal notches far posteriolaterally. Cephalic shield with fewer pores than any other described late-stage facetotectan nauplius: 1 unpaired anterior pore, 6 pairs of simple pores elsewhere, and 3 pairs of pores with emerging setae (2 obvious dorsal pairs, 1 minute anterior pair). Faciotrunk with broad keel along about half of dorsum, bounded by 2 rows of spines. First antenna with 3 apical setae and preaxial spine. Second antenna and mandible devoid of feeding structures (lecithotrophic); setal formulae of their exopods 0: 1: 1: 1: 1: 2 and 0: 1: 1: 1: 2 respectively, their endopods 2 and 2, respectively. First maxillae and dorsocaudal organ (or corresponding pore) absent. Dorsocaudal spine nearly as long as trunk dorsum preceding it, armed along most of length with about 10 irregular rings of large, pointed subsidiary spines.	en	Olesen, JØrgen, Grygier, Mark J. (2022): Two New Species of Lecithotrophic Nauplius y with Remarkable Labra from Okinawa, Japan, and a Family-Group Name for y-Larvae (Crustacea: Thecostraca: Facetotecta: Hansenocarididae fam. nov.). Species Diversity 27 (2): 301-317, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.27.301, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.27.301
03A987D3FFDF6909BA3F74D67DC1F9C1.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Off pier at the University of the Ryukyus Tropical Biosphere Research Center, Sesoko Station, on Sesoko Island, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan (26 ° 38 ′ 09.3 ″ N 127 ° 51 ′ 55.2 ″ E). Type material. Holotype, last-stage nauplius mount-ed on SEM stub, Natural History Museum of Demark. NHMD- 1174614. Originally collected 10 June 2019, first photographed 12 June 2019, again photographed 14 June 2019 after molt to last-stage nauplius, again photographed 17 June 2019 and fixed same day. Live video of this specimen in these two naupliar instars viewable at https: // youtu. be / SCskuhPTCXo, also deposited at https: // doi. org / 10.6084 / m 9. figshare. 20430807. Specimen collected and processed by D. Eibye-Jacobsen, M. J. Grygier, and J. Olesen.	en	Olesen, JØrgen, Grygier, Mark J. (2022): Two New Species of Lecithotrophic Nauplius y with Remarkable Labra from Okinawa, Japan, and a Family-Group Name for y-Larvae (Crustacea: Thecostraca: Facetotecta: Hansenocarididae fam. nov.). Species Diversity 27 (2): 301-317, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.27.301, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.27.301
03A987D3FFDF6909BA3F74D67DC1F9C1.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The Latin name is a genitive compound noun, from Latin “ crista ”, for a comb or plume on an animal’s head, and “ labrum ”, for lip (Brown 1956), glossed as “ crest of the labrum ” and referring to the labrum’s extraordinary, cockscomb-like ventral process. The new Japanese name combines the Japanese noun “ tosaka ”, meaning “ cockscomb ”, with an existing Japanese name for Facetotecta (“ chou-kou-rui ”, which refers to the faceted cephalic shield), and “ mushi ”, meaning “ bug ” or “ worm. ”	en	Olesen, JØrgen, Grygier, Mark J. (2022): Two New Species of Lecithotrophic Nauplius y with Remarkable Labra from Okinawa, Japan, and a Family-Group Name for y-Larvae (Crustacea: Thecostraca: Facetotecta: Hansenocarididae fam. nov.). Species Diversity 27 (2): 301-317, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.27.301, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.27.301
03A987D3FFDF6909BA3F74D67DC1F9C1.taxon	description	Description (holotype). A last-stage nauplius larva (Figs 1 C, D, 2, 3, 4 F, 5). Habitus (Figs 1 C, D, 2 A, B, 3 A). Cephalic portion of body slightly oblate-oval; trunk portion long and attenuate, resembling champagne glass in outline in dorsal or ventral view. Total length 434 – 445 µm as measured in different photographs; length, width, and height of domelike cephalic shield 223, 182, and 73 µm, respectively; post-shield length of trunk in dorsal view 240 µm, anterior width and postlabral length of trunk in ventral view 87 µm and 317 µm, respectively; trunk height at posterior end of shield 102 µm. Length (measured from midventral pore) and basal diameter of dorsocaudal spine 123 – 129 µm and 31 – 35 µm, respectively, as measured in different photographs. Long axis of trunk, extending from midheight at anterior end of trunk to midheight at base of dorsocaudal spine, downturned 20 ° with respect to long axis of cephalic shield as defined by its lateral margins (Fig. 2 B); dorsocaudal spine then upturned 18 ° with respect to long axis of trunk. Cephalic shield (Figs 3 A – C, 4 F). Ornamented with dense, nearly symmetrical pattern of reticulate ridges outlining many so-called plates, or facets, as well as 4 pairs of submarginal elongate belts in posteriolateral sectors. Limited numbers of setae (2 obvious dorsal pairs and 1 minute anteriolateral pair) and simple pores (6 pairs, 1 unpaired, plus posteriolateral pair of pits) situated within these plates or along ridges delimiting them (Figs 2 B, I, 3 A, C – M; Table 1). Ridges obvious but not especially prominent in SEM photos, some fainter ones perhaps representing new plate divisions compared to preceding instar (cf. Itô 1990). Faint and extremely fine vermiculation evident within plates, but plate surfaces essentially smooth. Pair of shallow, triangular indentations present in anterolateral margins (probably artifact associated with adjacent crosswise fold in ventral cuticle). Pair of shallow, rounded notches present in far posterolateral margins, each flanked anteriorly and posteriorly by a spine, and with posteriorly-facing pit on shield margin immediately behind posterior spine (Figs 2 E, N, 3 N). Cephalic shield’s plates or facets centered on roundedquadrangular ‘ window’ (W) at about one-third length along midline. Remainder of plate description based on homology assumptions indicated by color-coding in Fig. 4. Among ‘ frontal’ plates (labelled in Figs 3 C, 4 F; see also Fig. 3 A), primordial plate F- 1 represented by pair of small pentagonal plates flanking W and by transverse row of 4 small plates preceding these and W. Primordial plate F- 2 possibly represented by array of 6 small plates preceding F- 1 region, including transverse central pair and 2 longitudinally oriented lateral pairs. Primordial plate F- 3 possibly represented by next more anterior 2 × 2 array of plates, and F- 4 by next more anterior 2 or 3 transverse plates (site of boundary between original F- 4 and original ‘ Brim’ unknown). Unpaired, ridge-encircled pore 1 * present on midline anteriorly. Among ‘ occipital’ plates (labeled in Fig. 3 C, 4 F; see also Fig. 3 A, B), large O- 1 and O- 2 pairs present successively behind W. Set of 20 small plates with clear lateral boundaries but somewhat asymmetrical internal arrangement (presumably derived from primordial plates O- 3, O- 4, and O- 5) present behind O- 2 pair, with pair of small, ridge-bounded pores (9 r and 9 l) externally near anterior ends of lateral bounding ridges (Fig. 3 H). These plates succeeded by welldefined rectangular array of small quadrilateral or pentagonal plates in 4 longitudinal rows of 6 plates each (presumably derived from axial parts of primordial plates O- 6 and O- 7), with third pair of outer plates distinctly smaller than rest. These followed by middle 4 of 6 plates in transverse row along shield’s posterior margin, an area not included in Itô’s (1990) nomenclature. Among identifiable ‘ intermediate, ’ ‘ polygonal, ’ and ‘ marginal’ plates (labeled in Figs 3 C, 4 F; see also Fig. 3 A), plate pair I- 1 heptagonal, maintaining its primordial identity and not subdivided, each member of pair with large, ridgebounded pore (4 r and 4 l) posteriorly. Each I- 1 plate preced-ed by 2 rows of sometimes bisected plates, evidently derived from primordial P- 1 and, more anteriorly, from primordial M- 1 plates (most anterior plates possibly derived from Brim, not M- 1), with large, ridge-bounded pore (2 r and 2 l) at anteriolateral corner of each array (Fig. 3 L). Small anteriolateral pair of pores each containing minute seta (3 r and 3 l; Fig. 3 J) present along ridges extending posteriorly from middle of lateral sides of putative P- 1 regions, these ridges evidently dividing regions corresponding to plates P- 2 (a) and M- 2 (a) of H. furcifera (cf. Fig. 4 B). Large, ridge-bound-ed submarginal pore (7 r and 7 l) present near outer posterior corner of putative M- 2 (p) area (if not in Brim-derived area; see Fig. 3 L). Putative derivatives of primordial ‘ intercalary, ’ ‘ elongate, ’ and ‘ crescentic’ (I-, E-, and C-) plates all quite narrow and long; anterior ends of primordial C- 1 and (laterally adjacent) I- 3 plates marked by 2 obvious pairs of setae (5 r and 5 l, 6 r and 6 l) flanking primordial F- 1 region (Fig. 3 E). Two other pairs of large, ridge-encircled pores present on shield, including 1 pair (8 r and 8 l) situated posteriolaterally within primordial plates E- 2 (Fig. 3 F) and another more posterior and slightly more lateral pair (10 r and 10 l) of uncertain positional homology (P- 5 or P- 6 area) (Fig. 3 G). Cephalic part of faciotrunk (Figs 2 A, B, 5 A, B). Three pairs of limbs (uniramous first antennae, biramous second antennae and mandibles; Fig. 5) all arising from single large pair of rounded-crescentic or reniform areas of arthrodial membrane (Figs 2 A, B, 5 A, B). These limbs flanking labrum and surrounded externally by flat faciomarginal area with 3 or 4 concentric cuticular ridges joined by sparse connecting ridges (Figs 2 A, 5 A); ridge pattern most regular anteriorly (2 rows of lozenges) and posterolaterally (similar to but faint-er than that of adjacent dorsal surface). No obvious pair of pores between first antennae and anterior cephalic margin, but pair of ventral pores (11 r and 11 l) immediately adjacent to faciomarginal area’s posteriolateral margins (Fig. 2 A). Labrum (Figs 1 D, 2 A – D, 5 A, B). Proximal part expressed as narrow, triangular pyramid, posterior width 27 µm, lateral diagonal length 44 µm, height 35 µm, with large unpaired pore 16 * situated proximally on midline of posterior face slightly distal to transverse slit-like depression (Fig. 2 F, G). Pyramid encircled with cuticular ridge near base, leading to possibly paired slit-like depression across front (Fig. 5 B), also with cuticular ridge defining its entire anterior midline. Pyramid topped with 79 µm long, ventrally directed, tapered, and somewhat rounded in cross-section cockscomblike process (Figs 2 C, 5 A); inclined circular ridge delimiting it from pyramidal base leading to weak, slit-like furrow posteriorly (Fig. 5 A). This process armed with single row of 9 distally directed dagger-like spines arising from within shallow longitudinal groove along anterior face. Proximal 2 spines ≤ 7 µm long, others considerably longer, up to about 19 µm as measured along distal side, and apical 2 spines sharing common base. Pyramidal base flanked by faint ridges on facial cuticle, forming 2 elongate lozenges on each side, these being connected to several wedge-shaped ridge arrays present farther anteriorly out to innermost of abovementioned concentric ridges (Figs 2 A, 5 B). First antenna (Figs 2 A, B, 5 A – C). Two-segmented, excluding narrow, arcuate sclerite at base upon which proximal end of first segment articulates and very thin, hemiannular sclerite with tapered ends present within postaxial half of articulation between two main segments (best visible in Fig. 5 C). Unarmed first segment short and cylindrical (11 µm long, 15 µm in diameter) with rounded slight protrusion of distal half of preaxial side. Distal segment 42 µm long, digitiform with proximal 60 % of preaxial side moderately swollen, showing faint indications of subdivision at 20 % and 70 % length, and bearing arrays of minute spinules mostly on distal half. This segment thickest (19 µm) at one third length, half as thick distally, with 3 apical setae: 1 extremely short seta and 1 simple seta of medium length (32 µm) arising adjacent to each other on postaxial rim (shorter one outer), and 1 long seta (60 – 70 µm) with single (?) row of very short setules arising mid-apically. Additional spine present on preaxial face at distal end of swollen region, associated with distal subdivision trace. Second antenna (Fig. 2 A, B, 5 A, B, D). With unarmed, ring-like sclerite at base (precoxa?), unarmed cylindrical coxa slightly thicker than long (16 × 12 µm), shorter unarmed basis 8 µm long, and 2 rami. Six-segmented exopod 31 – 32 µm long, bearing 6 setae. All segments fully annular: first segment short and unarmed; second a little longer with 1 minuscule seta; next 3 segments again longer and equal in size among themselves, bearing 1 long seta each; apical segment minute and bearing 1 long inner and 1 short (28 µm) outer seta. Endopod 1 - segmented, cylindrical, 6 µm long and 3 µm thick, thus slightly longer than first 2 exopodal segments combined, bearing 2 long and nearly equal apical setae. At least some setae of antenna 2 setulate, but precise distribution of setules unclear. Mandible (Fig. 2 A, B, 5 A, B, E, F). Similar to second antenna but smaller, with no clear pre-coxa; coxa longer (13 µm) than basis (8 µm) and of slightly greater diameter (14 µm); articular facet of basis with exopod beveled. Exopod 31 – 33 µm long, 5 - segmented, bearing 5 setae: 1 each (all long) on second to fourth segments and 2 unequal setae on tiny apical segment, shorter one (21 µm) outer. Endopod 1 - segmented, 6 µm long and 4 µm thick, reaching to midlength of second exopodal segment, bearing 2 long apical setae. At least some mandibular setae setulate, but precise distribution of setules unclear. Hind part of faciotrunk. Trunk divisible into long, sparsely ornamented anterior part, heavily and concentrically ornamented posterior part, and heavily armed dorsocaudal spine. Anterior two thirds of venter with short and sparse transverse ridges, 3 of them at front end being more obvious and longer; in posterior third, ridges well expressed and bearing small spinules; in between, somewhat swollen and rounded area largely unornamented, but with several paired clusters of spinules possibly representing thoracopodal setae of next-instar cypris y (Fig. 2 A). Anterior-most ridges flanked by pair of narrow but thick-lipped, slightly arcuate, transverse invaginations (Figs 2 A, 5 A), these at least 12 µm long but partly obscured in all photographs and presumably related to anterior struts of internally developing cypris y’s “ ghost ” (presence of which not confirmed, requiring examination of shed last naupliar exuviae; see Grygier et al. 2019). Anterolateral part of trunk below distinct longitudinal ridge ornamented with weak, parallel, dorsoventrally oriented ridges (Fig. 2 B). Area dorsal to posterior part of same longitudinal ridge together with remainder of dorsal side of trunk with about 15 slightly produced, obviously but irregularly and sparsely denticulate transverse ridges (Figs 2 B, 5 A), posterior 10 or so of which encircling whole body although to some degree discontinuous ventrally. Most of posterior half of trunk dorsum slightly compressed to form low dorsal “ keel ” bounded by 2 rows of spines (Fig. 3 A, B, O). Longest ridge spines on trunk about half as long as distance between successive ridges. Two presumably paired (right side not visible), ridge-encircled pores (12 l and 13 l) present laterally below “ keel ”, associated with fifth and seventh ridges anterior to furcal spines (Fig. 2 B, K, L); additional tiny pore (14 l) present between and below them. Dorsocaudal organ (or positionally equivalent mid-dorsal trunk pore) absent. Pair of somewhat upcurved, sharply pointed, and proximally spinose furcal spines arising anterioventrally to midventral (anal?) pore below base of dorsocaudal spine, each furcal spine 15 µm long along its central axis (Figs 1 C, D, 2 A, B, O, P, 3 B). Midventral (anal?) pore 15 * itself situated on slightly raised transverse oval, with weak, arcuate transverse ridge behind it (Fig. 2 P). Dorsocaudal spine (Figs 1 C, D, 2 A, B, L, M, 3 A) armed along entire length, except for its sharply pointed tip, with about 10 irregular rings of large, pointed spines up to about 11 µm long, proximal ones slightly curved, distal ones straight. Pair of faint ridges extending out from base of each spine, all such ridges together imparting embossed scale-like appearance to surface of spine (Fig. 2 O, P). Earlier and later developmental stages. General appearance of holotype specimen as photographed alive 5 days prior to fixation (Fig. 1 A), and again before molt to laststage naupliar instar (Fig. 1 B), much like that of last-stage nauplius (e. g., labrum with large, cockscomb-like process), but lacking pigmented pair of developing compound eyes or any other internally developing cyprid structures such as thoracopods, and having significantly more internal yolklike material than last-stage nauplius. Within last-stage nauplius (Fig. 1 C, D), compound eyes of internally developing cyprid about 8.8 µm long, 6 – 6.5 µm wide in ventral view (Fig. 1 C), presumptive labrum of cyprid with small distal knob but no evidence of any unusual structure (Fig. 1 D).	en	Olesen, JØrgen, Grygier, Mark J. (2022): Two New Species of Lecithotrophic Nauplius y with Remarkable Labra from Okinawa, Japan, and a Family-Group Name for y-Larvae (Crustacea: Thecostraca: Facetotecta: Hansenocarididae fam. nov.). Species Diversity 27 (2): 301-317, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.27.301, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.27.301
03A987D3FFDA6908B9B6761E7A05FB3A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. In last-stage nauplius, labrum wine-glassshaped in ventral view with rounded posteriolateral corners, median keel carrying 3 – 4 small spines, and robust, sharply pointed posterior spine reminiscent of eagle’s beak. Labral surface with characteristic ridge pattern described below. Cephalic shield clearly and completely reticulated. Dorsum of faciotrunk with 4 longitudinal spine rows, inner pair of rows longer than outer pair. Second antennae and mandibles devoid of feeding structures (lecithotrophic), segmentation of their exopods and endopods 6 / 5 and 1 / 1, respectively. First maxillae and dorsocaudal organ absent. Dorsocaudal spine nearly as long as trunk dorsum preceding it, armed with robust spines. Furcal spines small.	en	Olesen, JØrgen, Grygier, Mark J. (2022): Two New Species of Lecithotrophic Nauplius y with Remarkable Labra from Okinawa, Japan, and a Family-Group Name for y-Larvae (Crustacea: Thecostraca: Facetotecta: Hansenocarididae fam. nov.). Species Diversity 27 (2): 301-317, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.27.301, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.27.301
03A987D3FFDA6908B9B6761E7A05FB3A.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Off pier at the University of the Ryukyus Tropical Biosphere Research Center, Sesoko Station, on Sesoko Island, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan (26 ° 38 ′ 09.3 ″ N 127 ° 51 ′ 55.2 ″ E). Type material. Holotype: exuvium of last-stage nauplius prepared as semi-permanent glycerine jelly slide-mount, Natural History Museum of Denmark. NHMD- 1174615; collected alive as young nauplius on 22 September 2005, last stage isolated from batch culture on 25 September, its empty molt retrieved on 27 September. Paratype: exuvium of laststage nauplius prepared as semi-permanent glycerine jelly slide-mount, Natural History Museum of Demark. NHMD- 1174616; collected alive as young nauplius on 16 – 19 July 1996, final exuvium recovered on 22 July; unclear which of 2 cyprids mounted on same slide corresponds to this nauplius. Both type specimens collected and processed by M. J. Grygier.	en	Olesen, JØrgen, Grygier, Mark J. (2022): Two New Species of Lecithotrophic Nauplius y with Remarkable Labra from Okinawa, Japan, and a Family-Group Name for y-Larvae (Crustacea: Thecostraca: Facetotecta: Hansenocarididae fam. nov.). Species Diversity 27 (2): 301-317, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.27.301, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.27.301
03A987D3FFDA6908B9B6761E7A05FB3A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The Latin name is a noun in apposition, “ aquila ” (= “ eagle ”), referring to the large, strongly pointed, eagle-beak-like extension of the posterior margin of the labrum. The new Japanese name combines “ washi ” (Japanese for “ eagle, ” again referring to the labrum) with an existing Japanese name for Facetotecta (“ chou-kou-rui ”) plus “ mushi, ” meaning “ bug ” or “ worm. ”	en	Olesen, JØrgen, Grygier, Mark J. (2022): Two New Species of Lecithotrophic Nauplius y with Remarkable Labra from Okinawa, Japan, and a Family-Group Name for y-Larvae (Crustacea: Thecostraca: Facetotecta: Hansenocarididae fam. nov.). Species Diversity 27 (2): 301-317, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.27.301, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.27.301
03A987D3FFDA6908B9B6761E7A05FB3A.taxon	description	Description (holotype). A last-stage nauplius larva (Fig. 6). Habitus (Fig. 6 A, B). Cephalic portion slightly oblateoval, trunk portion long and attenuate. Total length 500 µm; length and width of cephalic shield 265 and 210 µm, respectively; anterior width and post-labral length of trunk in ventral view 105 µm and 350 µm, respectively. Length (measured from furcal spines) and basal diameter (at position of furcal spines) of dorsocaudal spine 100 µm and 30 µm, respectively. No lateral view available but long axes of cephalic shield, trunk, and dorsocaudal spine apparently nearly in same plane (no significant bending). Cephalic shield (Fig. 6 C). With dense, nearly symmetrical pattern of reticulate ridges outlining many so-called plates, or facets. Setation and pore pattern of shield not clearly visible, but posteriolateral corners lacking H. cristalabri - like pair of spine-bounded notches. Plates or facets centered on rounded-quadrangular ‘ window’ (W) at about one-third length along midline, but only those near W (Fig. 6 C) easily identifiable with those of H. cristalabri sp. nov. and H. furcifera. Namely, region of primordial ‘ frontal’ plate F- 1 represented by pair of small pentagonal plates flanking W and by transverse row of 4 small plates preceding these and W; region of primordial ‘ frontal’ plate F- 2 possibly represented by array of 6 small plates preceding F- 1 region, including transverse central pair and 2 longitudinally oriented lateral pairs; and primordial ‘ occipital’ plates O- 1 and O- 2 represented by 2 successive pairs of large plates posterior to W. Configuration of all other plates, including more anterior F-plates, more posterior O-plates, and most non-ax-ial plates, differing from those in H. cristalabri sp. nov. and H. furcifera (cf. Fig. 4 E) and, owing to lack of information about important “ land-mark ” pores and setae, also difficult to homologize with any other species’ primordial plates; therefore, detailed description omitted. Labrum (Fig. 6 A, B, D, E). Excluding its robust, sharply pointed, 35 µm long posterior extension, main portion of labrum obovate or rounded-spatulate in ventral view, 80 µm long and 60 µm wide, with median keel bearing row of 3 small but distinct and equal distal spines preceded by anoth-er minute spine. Labral surface divided by ridges into facets as follows: 2 elongated and overlapping facets along each lateral margin, with more anterior pair meeting in anterior midline; paired diagonal rows of 4 facets situated medial to these, extending from anterior midline to posteriolateral margin; 1 pair of posteriomesial facets preceding 2 small pairs flanking spine at posterior margin; and keel-bearing facet (s) along labrum’s posterior midline. First antenna (Fig. 6 F). Apparently 3 - segmented, excluding narrow sclerites between 3 main segments. Unarmed first segment short, cylindrical (15 µm long, 20 µm in diameter). Unarmed second segment short, cylindrical (20 µm long, 17 µm in diameter). Distal segment 45 µm long, digitiform with moderate preaxial swelling of proximal 50 %. This segment thickest (19 µm) at 1 / 3 length, with 3 apical setae: 2 long and 1 short. Second antenna (Fig. 6 G). Biramous with unclear proximal segmentation. Unarmed coxa about as thick as long (25 µm), unarmed basis shorter (20 µm long). Exopod 50 µm long, 6 - segmented with rudimentary (perhaps not fully annular) proximal segment and further segments gradually becoming smaller distally, apparently bearing 5 setae in all. Endopod 1 - segmented, cylindrical, 15 µm long and 7 µm thick, bearing 2 long apical setae. Mandible (Fig. 6). Similar to second antenna but smaller, again with unclear proximal segmentation. Coxa longer than basis (16 µm vs. 14 µm) and of slightly greater diameter (16 µm). Exopod 40 µm long, 5 - segmented, apparently bearing 4 setae. Endopod 1 - segmented, 10 µm long and 3 – 4 µm thick, bearing 2 long apical setae. Hind part of faciotrunk (Fig. 6 A, B, J). Trunk divisible into long, sparsely ornamented anterior part, heavily and concentrically ornamented posterior part, and heavily armed dorsocaudal spine. Anterior 15 % or so of venter with short and sparse transverse ridges, followed by somewhat swollen and rounded middle region with short transverse ridges along midline and, more laterally, paired rows of bumps evidently representing future thoracopodal setae; in posterior third, concentric ridges well expressed and bearing small spinules (Fig. 6 A, B). Trunk dorsum with 2 dorsal rows of spines along nearly whole length from first or second transverse ridge to base of dorsocaudal spine, with slight discontinuity posterior to midlength, and additional shorter dorsolateral pair of spine rows reaching only to dorsal rows’ points of discontinuity (4 spine rows in total) (Fig. 6 B). Dorsocaudal organ (or positionally equivalent mid-dorsal trunk pore) absent. Dorsocaudal spine (Fig. 6 A, B) armed with large subsidiary spines along entire length, except at sharply pointed tip. Pair of small (7 µm long), pointed furcal spines arising anterioventrally to base of dorsocaudal spine (Fig. 6 J). Midventral (anal?) pore not observed. No “ ghost ” of cyprid thorax (see Grygier et al. 2019) detected inside slide-mounted exuvium. Description (Paratype). Trunk region rotated on slide relative to cephalic region, and posteriolateral part of one side of cephalic shield distorted; therefore, some of following measurements probably different in life. Total length 530 µm; cephalic shield length along midline 277 µm, maximal width 215 µm, posterior width 147 µm; dorsal trunk length 257 µm including 97 µm long dorsocaudal spine. Dorsocaudal spine similarly spiny to that of holotype. Labrum 113 µm long including posterior medial spine, maximal width 70 µm; main portion with same roundedspatulate or obovate shape as that of holotype and with row of small spines preceding robust, beak-like posterior extension, latter relatively shorter (23 µm) than that of holotype; cuticular ridge pattern of labrum resembling that of holotype. Four longitudinal rows of spines on trunk dorsum: 2 inner rows extending from about fourth transverse ridge to base of dorsocaudal spine, 2 outer rows extending from anterior margin only half this distance posteriorly. Limb setation as follows: first antenna with 1 long and 1 medium-long apical setae; second antenna with unarmed coxa and basis, 2 apical setae on 1 - segmented endopod, and 5 setae on 6 - segmented exopod (0 - 0 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 2); mandible similar but exopod 5 - segmented with 1 - 1 - 1 - 2 setal arrangement. No cyprid “ ghost ” visible within exuvium, but pair of oval (19.5 × 5.5 µm), purportedly “ ghost ” - related anterioventral invaginations present on trunk (Fig. 6 B).	en	Olesen, JØrgen, Grygier, Mark J. (2022): Two New Species of Lecithotrophic Nauplius y with Remarkable Labra from Okinawa, Japan, and a Family-Group Name for y-Larvae (Crustacea: Thecostraca: Facetotecta: Hansenocarididae fam. nov.). Species Diversity 27 (2): 301-317, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.27.301, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.27.301
