taxonID	type	description	language	source
BE2A3C7B3B61FFA2FF27EE9B1E2EF7D6.taxon	description	Description: — Pileus 4 – 6 cm, hemispherical, then plano-convex to plane, first viscid but soon dry, finely innately fibrillose, center reddish brown, ochraceous yellow towards the margin. Lamellae emarginate, 4 – 5 mm broad, crowded (L = 115 – 130, l = 1 – 2), first reddish lilac, later brown. Stipe 3 cm long, 2 – 2.5 cm thick at apex, 3 – 4 cm wide at the base, bulbous with a marginate bulb, ochraceous brown, whitish at apex, very finely fibrillose; basal mycelium white. Context whitish with a bluish tint in pileus and stipe. Basidiospores [40 / 2 / 1] (7 –) 8 – 9 (– 10) × 4.5 – 6 μm, av. 8.43 – 8.45 × 5.02 – 5.07 μm, Q = 1.25 – 1.83 (– 1.88), Qav. = 1.67 – 1.69, elongate, occasionally ellipsoid, strongly verrucose. Basidia 20 – 30 × 6 – 8 μm, 4 - spored, clavate, colorless to pale yellow with small granules. Cystidia absent. Lamellar trama hyphae (3 –) 4 – 7 (– 10) μm wide, colorless, sometimes yellowish, smooth. Stipe hyphae (3 –) 5 – 7 (– 8) μm wide, colorless, sometimes yellowish, smooth. Pileipellis duplex, the upper layer (40 – 80 μm thick), gelatinous, composed of narrow, colorless to light yellow, some spirally incrusted, thin-walled, long-celled hyphae measuring 3 – 5 μm wide; lower layer composed of interwoven to parallel cylindrical, ochraceous yellow to light yellow, thin-walled hyphae measuring (3 –) 5 – 10 μm wide. Clamp connections common in all parts of basidioma. Habitat and distribution: — Solitary to gregarious on soil in coniferous or deciduous forests. Summer. Currently known in the USA, Finland, Canada, Sweden (Liimatainen et al. 2014), and northwestern China (this study). Specimen examined: — CHINA. Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region: Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Zhaosu County, in a forest with Picea, altitude 2264 m, 5 August 2021, Geng-Shen Wang 1720 (KUN-HKAS 124253). Notes: — Phlegmacium glaucopus is mainly characterized by its slightly viscid, ochraceous yellow to reddish brown pileus, reddish lilac lamellae when young, marginate bulb, and elongate, occasionally ellipsoid basidiospores measuring (7 –) 8 – 9 (– 10) × 4.5 – 6 μm. It grows in coniferous or deciduous forests. The description of P. glaucopus in Orton (1955) & Liimatainen et al. (2014) fairly fits our collection. Based on morphological and molecular data, P. subfoetens (M. M. Moser & McKnight) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022: 153) and P. subrubrovelatum (Bidaud) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022: 153) are the closest relatives of P. glaucopus. These two species also grow in coniferous forests. However, P. subfoetens has a larger basidioma and larger basidiospores (8.2 – 9.7 × 5 – 5.4 μm, Q = 1.58 – 1.82), and P. subrubrovelatum has lighter reddish-brown colors in the pileipellis, bluish lamellae and more incrusted hyphae in the upper layer of the pileipellis (Liimatainen et al. 2014). Phlegmacium kytoevuorii (Niskanen & Liimat.) Niskanen & Liimat., Fungal Divers. 112: 145, 2022 Figs. 2 D, 3 D 1 – D 4. ≡ Cortinarius kytoevuorii Niskanen & Liimat., Persoonia 33: 124, 2014 MycoBank: MB 558969 Description: — Pileus 4.5 – 7.5 cm, hemispherical, then plano-convex to plane, viscid but soon dry, slightly fibrillose, and always with white patches of the veil at pileus center, yellow to yellowish brown. Lamellae emarginate, 4 – 5 mm broad, crowded (L = 100 – 120, l = 1 – 3), first pale yellow, later brown. Stipe 4.5 – 6.5 cm long, 1 – 2 cm thick at apex, 2 – 2.5 cm wide at the base, bulbous with a marginate bulb, whitish, ornamented with ochraceous yellow fibrils; basal mycelium white. Context white in pileus and stipe. Basidiospores [80 / 4 / 2] 8 – 9 (– 10) × 5 – 6 μm, av. 8.54 – 8.87 × 5.48 – 5.53 μm, Q = 1.33 – 1.85, Qav. = 1.56 – 1.61, ellipsoid to elongate, strongly verrucose. Basidia (22 –) 26 – 32 (– 35) × 7 – 8 μm, 4 - spored, clavate, colorless, sometimes pale yellow with small granules. Cystidia absent. Lamellar trama hyphae (2 –) 3 – 5 (– 6) μm wide, colorless, sometimes pale yellow, smooth. Stipe hyphae 3 – 7 (– 10) μm wide, colorless to amber yellow, smooth. Pileipellis duplex, the upper layer (45 – 80 μm thick) gelatinous, composed of narrow, colorless to pale yellow, spirally incrusted, thin-walled, longcelled hyphae measuring (1.5 –) 2 – 5 μm wide; lower layer composed of interwoven to parallel cylindrical, ochraceous yellow, brown to yellowish, thin-walled hyphae measuring 5 – 10 (– 15) μm wide. Clamp connections common in all parts of basidioma. Habitat and distribution: — Solitary to gregarious on soil in coniferous forests. Summer to autumn. Currently known from Finland (Liimatainen et al. 2014) and northwestern China (this study). Specimens examined: — CHINA. Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region: Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Zhaosu County, in a forest with Picea, altitude 1932 m, 6 August 2021, Lei Lei 177 (KUN-HKAS 124260); same county, in a forest with Picea, altitude 2532 m, 5 August 2021, Geng-Shen Wang 1695 (KUN-HKAS 124252). Notes: — Phlegmacium kytoevuorii is mainly characterized by its slightly viscid, yellow to yellowish brown pileus, always with white patches of the veil at the pileus center, marginate bulbous stipe, and ellipsoid to elongate basidiospores measuring 8 – 9 (– 10) × 5 – 6 μm. This species was originally described in Finland and found in coniferous forests (Liimatainen et al. 2014). The sister species P. subrugulosum (Bidaud & Armada) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022: 153) is separated by its more abundant radial fibrils on the pileus, submarginate to marginate bulbous stipe, and smaller basidiospores (7.3 – 8.6 × 5 – 5.7 μm, Qav. = 1.50) (Soop 2004, 2005; Bidaud et al. 2006; Liimatainen et al. 2014). Very recently, P. kytoevuorii was reported in Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China (Wang et al. 2022).	en	Liu, Fei-Fei, Wu, Gang, Yang, Zhu L. (2023): A new species and new records of Phlegmacium (Cortinariaceae) from China based on molecular and morphological evidence. Phytotaxa 578 (2): 141-157, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.578.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.578.2.1
BE2A3C7B3B62FFA3FF27EE981D34F5F9.taxon	description	MycoBank: MB 559009 Description: — Pileus 4 – 5 cm, hemispherical to convex, always with a broad umbo when young, later flat, viscid to glutinous, very finely fibrillose, center pale orange to ochraceous yellow, whitish towards the margin. Lamellae emarginate, 3 – 4 mm broad, crowded (L = 100 – 110, l = 1 – 2), first whitish with a pinkish tint, then becoming brown. Stipe 12 – 14 cm long, 1.3 – 1.5 cm thick at apex, 2 cm wide at the base, cylindrical to clavate, whitish to ochraceous yellow, very finely fibrillose with white fibrillose girdles; basal mycelium white. Context white in pileus and stipe, sometimes pileus context with a reddish tint. Basidiospores [40 / 2 / 1] (11 –) 12 – 14 (– 15) × 6 – 8 μm, av. 12.61 – 12.66 × 6.96 – 7.06 μm, Q = 1.57 – 1.91 (– 2.15), Qav. = 1.80 – 1.81, subamygdaliform, strongly verrucose. Basidia 35 – 45 × (7 –) 9 – 10 (– 11) μm, 4 - spored, clavate, colorless to yellow, always with small granules. Cystidia absent. Lamellar trama hyphae 3 – 6 μm wide, colorless to yellowish, smooth. Stipe hyphae 4 – 7 μm wide, colorless to yellowish, sometimes spirally incrusted. Pileipellis duplex, the upper layer (120 – 160 μm thick) gelatinous, composed of narrow, colorless to pale yellowish, spirally incrusted, thin-walled, long-celled hyphae measuring 3 – 7 μm wide; lower layer composed of interwoven to parallel cylindrical, mostly amber yellow, thin-walled hyphae measuring 4 – 9 μm wide. Clamp connections common in all parts of basidioma. Habitat and distribution: — Solitary to scattered on soil in a temperate forest or mixed forests with Pinaceae and Salicaceae. Summer. Currently known from Hungary (Bohus 1976), Italy (Campo 2015) and northeastern China (this study).	en	Liu, Fei-Fei, Wu, Gang, Yang, Zhu L. (2023): A new species and new records of Phlegmacium (Cortinariaceae) from China based on molecular and morphological evidence. Phytotaxa 578 (2): 141-157, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.578.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.578.2.1
BE2A3C7B3B62FFA3FF27EE981D34F5F9.taxon	materials_examined	Specimen examined: — CHINA. Jilin Province: Antu County, Changbaishan, in a temperate forest, altitude 751 m, 28 August 2015, Qing Cai 1439 (KUN-HKAS 92058).	en	Liu, Fei-Fei, Wu, Gang, Yang, Zhu L. (2023): A new species and new records of Phlegmacium (Cortinariaceae) from China based on molecular and morphological evidence. Phytotaxa 578 (2): 141-157, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.578.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.578.2.1
BE2A3C7B3B62FFA3FF27EE981D34F5F9.taxon	discussion	Notes: — Phlegmacium paracephalixum is mainly characterized by its viscid, ochraceous yellow pileus with a wide central broad umbo when young, soon flattened, cylindrical to clavate stipe with white fibrillose girdles, and subamygdaliform basidiospores measuring (11 –) 12 – 14 (– 15) × 6 – 8 μm. The species was found in mixed forests with Pinus and Populus, and the context was white, yellowing when bruised, and later becoming slightly pink (Campo 2015). Based on morphological and molecular data, P. rioussetiae (Chevassut & Rob. Henry) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022: 151) is a sister species of P. paracephalixum. Some mycologists considered it a synonym of P. paracephalixum (Brandrud 1996, Brandrud et al. 1998, Campo 2015). However, P. rioussetiae is separated from P. paracephalixum by its grayish lilac lamellae and the absence of the redness of the context (Henry 1986). Phlegmacium patrickense and P. rosargutum (Chevassut & Rob. Henry) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022: 151) are close relatives of P. paracephalixum. However, P. patrickense has a whitish to pale brown basidioma and larger basidiospores (12.2 – 14.7 × 7 – 8.4 μm, Q = 1.62 – 1.84), while P. rosargutum has a shorter stipe, more abundant universal veil remnants on the pileus surface, and smaller basidiospores (9.5 – 12 × 6.5 – 7.5 μm, Q = 1.43 – 1.59) (Brandrud 1996, Liimatainen et al. 2014).	en	Liu, Fei-Fei, Wu, Gang, Yang, Zhu L. (2023): A new species and new records of Phlegmacium (Cortinariaceae) from China based on molecular and morphological evidence. Phytotaxa 578 (2): 141-157, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.578.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.578.2.1
BE2A3C7B3B62FFA4FF27EBD4192FF235.taxon	description	MycoBank: MB 559011 Description: — Pileus 3.5 – 4.2 cm, hemispherical, then plano-convex, first slightly viscid but soon dry, with ochraceous brown appressed squamules at the center, whitish to ochraceous yellow fibrillose towards the margin, and always with white patches of the veil at pileus margin. Lamellae emarginate, 3 – 4 mm broad, crowded (L = 80 – 90, l = 1 – 2), first whitish with an orange tint, later brown. Stipe 4.5 – 6 cm long, 1 – 1.5 cm thick at apex, 1.5 – 1.8 cm wide at the base, cylindrical to slightly clavate, whitish to ochraceous yellow, very fibrillose; basal mycelium white. Context white in pileus, white to pale yellow in stipe. Basidiospores [40 / 2 / 2] (11 –) 12 – 14 (– 15) × 7 – 9 μm, av. 12.43 – 12.64 × 7.74 – 8.01 μm, Q = 1.33 – 1.86 (– 1.93), Qav. = 1.56 – 1.64, amygdaliform, strongly verrucose. Basidia (31 –) 35 – 46 × (9 –) 10 – 13 (– 15) μm, 4 - spored, clavate, colorless to pale yellow, mostly granulose. Cystidia absent. Lamellar trama hyphae (2 –) 4 – 7 (– 10) μm wide, colorless to pale yellow, smooth. Stipe hyphae 3 – 5 (– 11) μm wide, colorless to pale yellow, smooth. Pileipellis duplex, the upper layer (38 – 80 μm thick) gelatinous, composed of narrow, colorless to pale yellow, sometimes incrusted, thin-walled, long-celled hyphae measuring 3 – 5 μm wide; lower layer composed of interwoven to parallel cylindrical, yellow to pale orange, thin-walled hyphae measuring (3 –) 5 – 6 (– 10) μm wide. Clamp connections common in all parts of basidioma.	en	Liu, Fei-Fei, Wu, Gang, Yang, Zhu L. (2023): A new species and new records of Phlegmacium (Cortinariaceae) from China based on molecular and morphological evidence. Phytotaxa 578 (2): 141-157, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.578.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.578.2.1
BE2A3C7B3B62FFA4FF27EBD4192FF235.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat and distribution: — Solitary to scattered on soil in coniferous forests. Summer. Currently known from the USA, France (Moser & Ammirati 2000, Brandrud 1996) and northwestern China (this study). Specimens examined: — CHINA. Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region: Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Zhaosu County, in a forest with Picea, altitude 2237 m, 5 August 2021, Xue-Ping Fan 088 (KUN-HKAS 12425); same county, in a forest with Picea, altitude 1512 m, 5 August 2021, Li-Rong Liu 130 (KUN-HKAS 124259).	en	Liu, Fei-Fei, Wu, Gang, Yang, Zhu L. (2023): A new species and new records of Phlegmacium (Cortinariaceae) from China based on molecular and morphological evidence. Phytotaxa 578 (2): 141-157, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.578.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.578.2.1
BE2A3C7B3B62FFA4FF27EBD4192FF235.taxon	discussion	Notes: — Phlegmacium patrickense is mainly characterized by its slightly viscid, ochraceous yellow to brown pileus, always with white patches of the veil at the pileus margin, cylindrical to the slightly clavate stipe, and amygdaliform basidiospores measuring (11 –) 12 – 14 (– 15) × 7 – 9 μm. It grows in boreal coniferous forests associated with Picea. The description in Liimatainen et al. (2014) fairly fits our collections. Phlegmacium paracephalixum and P. rosargutum are close relatives of P. patrickense. Phlegmacium paracephalixum, however, has a larger basidioma, more yellowish pileus, and narrower basidiospores (10.7 – 12.2 × 6 – 7 μm, Q = 1.65 – 1.88), and P. rosargutum has more abundant universal veil remnants on the pileus surface and smaller basidiospores (9.5 – 12 × 6.5 – 7.5 μm, Q = 1.43 – 1.59) (Brandrud 1996, Liimatainen et al. 2014).	en	Liu, Fei-Fei, Wu, Gang, Yang, Zhu L. (2023): A new species and new records of Phlegmacium (Cortinariaceae) from China based on molecular and morphological evidence. Phytotaxa 578 (2): 141-157, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.578.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.578.2.1
BE2A3C7B3B65FFA4FF27EC931FB8F6B5.taxon	description	MycoBank: MB 559092 Description: — Pileus 4 cm, hemispherical to convex, first viscid but soon dry, coarsely innately fibrillose, deep violaceous brown. Lamellae adnate, 3 – 5 mm broad, crowded (L = 100 – 120, l = 1 – 2), deep blue. Stipe 6 cm long, 2 cm thick at apex, 3.5 cm wide at the base, bulbous with a rounded bulb, pale blue to violaceous brown, ornamented with violaceous brown fibrils; basal mycelium pale blue. Context pale blue in pileus, blue with a brownish tint at stipe apex, whitish with a pinkish tint on exposure at stipe base. Basidiospores [20 / 1 / 1] 8 – 10 × 6 – 6.5 μm, av. 8.68 × 6.12 μm, Q = (1.23 –) 1.32 – 1.53 (– 1.67), Qav. = 1.42, ellipsoid, strongly verrucose. Basidia (35 –) 40 – 50 (– 54) × 8 – 10 μm, 4 - spored, clavate, mostly colorless, hyaline. Cystidia absent. Lamellar trama hyphae 3 – 5 μm wide, mostly colorless, smooth. Stipe hyphae 4 – 8 (– 9) μm wide, colorless to ochraceous yellow, smooth. Pileipellis duplex, the upper layer (80 – 110 μm thick) gelatinous, composed of narrow, yellow to ochraceous yellow, smooth, thin-walled, long-celled hyphae measuring 1.5 – 2 (– 3) μm wide; lower layer composed of interwoven to parallel cylindrical, brownish yellow to yellow, thin-walled hyphae measuring 5 – 10 (– 13) μm wide. Clamp connections common in all parts of basidioma.	en	Liu, Fei-Fei, Wu, Gang, Yang, Zhu L. (2023): A new species and new records of Phlegmacium (Cortinariaceae) from China based on molecular and morphological evidence. Phytotaxa 578 (2): 141-157, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.578.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.578.2.1
BE2A3C7B3B65FFA4FF27EC931FB8F6B5.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat and distribution: — Solitary to scattered on soil in forests dominated by Picea. Autumn. Currently known from France, Germany, Sweden, Finland (Liimatainen et al. 2014), and northwestern China (this study).	en	Liu, Fei-Fei, Wu, Gang, Yang, Zhu L. (2023): A new species and new records of Phlegmacium (Cortinariaceae) from China based on molecular and morphological evidence. Phytotaxa 578 (2): 141-157, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.578.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.578.2.1
BE2A3C7B3B65FFA4FF27EC931FB8F6B5.taxon	materials_examined	Specimen examined: — CHINA. Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region: Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Zhaosu County, in a forest with Picea, altitude 2237 m, 5 August 2021, Liu-Kun Jia 1929 (KUN-HKAS 124254)	en	Liu, Fei-Fei, Wu, Gang, Yang, Zhu L. (2023): A new species and new records of Phlegmacium (Cortinariaceae) from China based on molecular and morphological evidence. Phytotaxa 578 (2): 141-157, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.578.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.578.2.1
BE2A3C7B3B65FFA4FF27EC931FB8F6B5.taxon	discussion	Notes: — Phlegmacium violaceorubens is mainly characterized by its slightly viscid violaceous brown pileus with abundant fibrils, deep blue lamellae, rounded bulb and ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 8 – 10 × 6 – 6.5 μm. This species grows in Picea - dominated forests. Phlegmacium violaceorubens is close to P. cyanites (Fr.) M. M. Moser (1960: 337) and P. boreicyanites (Kytöv., Liimat., Niskanen & A. F. S. Taylor) Niskanen & Liimat. (2022: 141). However, P. cyanites is separated by its larger basidioma, greyish blue to greyish brown pileus, and narrower basidiospores (8.8 – 10.9 × 5.2 – 6.3 μm, Q = 1.59 – 1.84, Qav. = 1.66 – 1.77). In addition, P. cyanites grows in mixed forests of coniferous and deciduous trees (Liimatainen et al. 2014). Phlegmacium boreicyanites has a pale greyish brown pileus, more abundant universal veil-forming girdles on the stipe, and narrower basidiospores (9.1 – 10.4 × 5.4 – 6.3 μm, Q = 1.58 – 1.80, Qav. = 1.66 – 1.73). It grows in boreal mixed forests of Picea, Betula, and Populus (Liimatainen et al. 2014).	en	Liu, Fei-Fei, Wu, Gang, Yang, Zhu L. (2023): A new species and new records of Phlegmacium (Cortinariaceae) from China based on molecular and morphological evidence. Phytotaxa 578 (2): 141-157, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.578.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.578.2.1
