identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
BE2A3C7B3B61FFA2FF27EE9B1E2EF7D6.text	BE2A3C7B3B61FFA2FF27EE9B1E2EF7D6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phlegmacium glaucopus (Schaeff. 1774) Wünsche 1877	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Phlegmacium glaucopus (Schaeff.) W̧nsche , Die Pilze: 131, 1877 Figs. 2C, 3C 1–C 4. </p>
            <p> Basionym:  Agaricus glaucopus Schaeff., Fung. Bavar. Palat. 4: 23. 1774: sanctioned in Fr., Syst. Mycol. 1: 224. 1821 </p>
            <p> MycoBank: MB 357329</p>
            <p>Description:— Pileus 4–6 cm, hemispherical, then plano-convex to plane, first viscid but soon dry, finely innately fibrillose, center reddish brown, ochraceous yellow towards the margin. Lamellae emarginate, 4–5 mm broad, crowded (L = 115–130, l = 1–2), first reddish lilac, later brown. Stipe 3 cm long, 2–2.5 cm thick at apex, 3–4 cm wide at the base, bulbous with a marginate bulb, ochraceous brown, whitish at apex, very finely fibrillose; basal mycelium white. Context whitish with a bluish tint in pileus and stipe.</p>
            <p> Basidiospores [40/2/1] (7–)8–9(–10) × 4.5–6 μm, av. 8.43–8.45 × 5.02–5.07 μm, Q = 1.25–1.83(–1.88), Qav. = 1.67–1.69, elongate, occasionally ellipsoid, strongly verrucose. Basidia 20–30 × 6–8 μm, 4-spored, clavate, colorless to pale yellow with small granules.  Cystidia absent. Lamellar trama hyphae (3–)4–7(–10) μm wide, colorless, sometimes yellowish, smooth. Stipe hyphae (3–)5–7(–8) μm wide, colorless, sometimes yellowish, smooth. Pileipellis duplex, the upper layer (40–80 μm thick), gelatinous, composed of narrow, colorless to light yellow, some spirally incrusted, thin-walled, long-celled hyphae measuring 3–5 μm wide; lower layer composed of interwoven to parallel cylindrical, ochraceous yellow to light yellow, thin-walled hyphae measuring (3–)5–10 μm wide. Clamp connections common in all parts of basidioma. </p>
            <p>Habitat and distribution:—Solitary to gregarious on soil in coniferous or deciduous forests. Summer. Currently known in the USA, Finland, Canada, Sweden (Liimatainen et al. 2014), and northwestern China (this study).</p>
            <p>  Specimen examined:— CHINA. Xinjiang Uygur  Autonomous Region :  Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture , Zhaosu County, in a forest with  Picea , altitude 2264 m, 5 August 2021, Geng-Shen Wang 1720 (KUN-HKAS124253)  . </p>
            <p> Notes:—  Phlegmacium glaucopus is mainly characterized by its slightly viscid, ochraceous yellow to reddish brown pileus, reddish lilac lamellae when young, marginate bulb, and elongate, occasionally ellipsoid basidiospores measuring (7–)8–9(–10) × 4.5–6 μm. It grows in coniferous or deciduous forests. The description of  P. glaucopus in Orton (1955) &amp; Liimatainen et al. (2014) fairly fits our collection. </p>
            <p> Based on morphological and molecular data,  P. subfoetens (M.M. Moser &amp; McKnight) Niskanen &amp; Liimat. (2022: 153) and  P. subrubrovelatum (Bidaud) Niskanen &amp; Liimat. (2022: 153) are the closest relatives of  P. glaucopus . These two species also grow in coniferous forests. However,  P. subfoetens has a larger basidioma and larger basidiospores (8.2–9.7 × 5–5.4 μm, Q = 1.58–1.82), and  P. subrubrovelatum has lighter reddish-brown colors in the pileipellis, bluish lamellae and more incrusted hyphae in the upper layer of the pileipellis (Liimatainen et al. 2014). </p>
            <p> Phlegmacium kytoevuorii (Niskanen &amp; Liimat.) Niskanen &amp; Liimat. ,  Fungal Divers. 112: 145, 2022 Figs. 2D, 3D 1–D 4. </p>
            <p> ≡  Cortinarius kytoevuorii Niskanen &amp; Liimat., Persoonia 33: 124, 2014 </p>
            <p> MycoBank: MB 558969</p>
            <p>Description:— Pileus 4.5–7.5 cm, hemispherical, then plano-convex to plane, viscid but soon dry, slightly fibrillose, and always with white patches of the veil at pileus center, yellow to yellowish brown. Lamellae emarginate, 4–5 mm broad, crowded (L = 100–120, l = 1–3), first pale yellow, later brown. Stipe 4.5–6.5 cm long, 1–2 cm thick at apex, 2–2.5 cm wide at the base, bulbous with a marginate bulb, whitish, ornamented with ochraceous yellow fibrils; basal mycelium white. Context white in pileus and stipe.</p>
            <p> Basidiospores [80/4/2] 8–9(–10) × 5–6 μm, av. 8.54–8.87 × 5.48–5.53 μm, Q = 1.33–1.85, Qav. = 1.56–1.61, ellipsoid to elongate, strongly verrucose. Basidia (22–)26–32(–35) × 7–8 μm, 4-spored, clavate, colorless, sometimes pale yellow with small granules.  Cystidia absent. Lamellar trama hyphae (2–)3–5(–6) μm wide, colorless, sometimes pale yellow, smooth. Stipe hyphae 3–7(–10) μm wide, colorless to amber yellow, smooth. Pileipellis duplex, the upper layer (45–80 μm thick) gelatinous, composed of narrow, colorless to pale yellow, spirally incrusted, thin-walled, longcelled hyphae measuring (1.5–)2–5 μm wide; lower layer composed of interwoven to parallel cylindrical, ochraceous yellow, brown to yellowish, thin-walled hyphae measuring 5–10(–15) μm wide. Clamp connections common in all parts of basidioma. </p>
            <p>Habitat and distribution:—Solitary to gregarious on soil in coniferous forests. Summer to autumn. Currently known from Finland (Liimatainen et al. 2014) and northwestern China (this study).</p>
            <p> Specimens examined:— CHINA. Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region: Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Zhaosu County, in a forest with  Picea , altitude 1932 m, 6 August 2021, Lei Lei 177 (KUN-HKAS124260); same county, in a forest with  Picea , altitude 2532 m, 5 August 2021, Geng-Shen Wang 1695 (KUN-HKAS124252). </p>
            <p> Notes:—  Phlegmacium kytoevuorii is mainly characterized by its slightly viscid, yellow to yellowish brown pileus, always with white patches of the veil at the pileus center, marginate bulbous stipe, and ellipsoid to elongate basidiospores measuring 8–9(–10)× 5–6 μm. This species was originally described in Finland and found in coniferous forests (Liimatainen et al. 2014). </p>
            <p> The sister species  P. subrugulosum (Bidaud &amp; Armada) Niskanen &amp; Liimat. (2022: 153) is separated by its more abundant radial fibrils on the pileus, submarginate to marginate bulbous stipe, and smaller basidiospores (7.3–8.6 × 5–5.7 μm, Qav. = 1.50) (Soop 2004, 2005; Bidaud et al. 2006; Liimatainen et al. 2014). </p>
            <p> Very recently,  P. kytoevuorii was reported in Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China (Wang et al. 2022). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BE2A3C7B3B61FFA2FF27EE9B1E2EF7D6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Liu, Fei-Fei;Wu, Gang;Yang, Zhu L.	Liu, Fei-Fei, Wu, Gang, Yang, Zhu L. (2023): A new species and new records of Phlegmacium (Cortinariaceae) from China based on molecular and morphological evidence. Phytotaxa 578 (2): 141-157, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.578.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.578.2.1
BE2A3C7B3B62FFA3FF27EE981D34F5F9.text	BE2A3C7B3B62FFA3FF27EE981D34F5F9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phlegmacium paracephalixum (Bohus 1978) Niskanen & Liimat. 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Phlegmacium paracephalixum (Bohus) Niskanen &amp; Liimat., Fungal Divers. 112: 149, 2022 Figs. 2E, 3E 1–E 4. </p>
            <p> ≡  Cortinarius paracephalixus Bohus, Annls hist.-nat. Mus. natn. hung. 68: 51, 1978 </p>
            <p> MycoBank: MB 559009</p>
            <p>Description:— Pileus 4–5 cm, hemispherical to convex, always with a broad umbo when young, later flat, viscid to glutinous, very finely fibrillose, center pale orange to ochraceous yellow, whitish towards the margin. Lamellae emarginate, 3–4 mm broad, crowded (L = 100–110, l = 1–2), first whitish with a pinkish tint, then becoming brown. Stipe 12–14 cm long, 1.3–1.5 cm thick at apex, 2 cm wide at the base, cylindrical to clavate, whitish to ochraceous yellow, very finely fibrillose with white fibrillose girdles; basal mycelium white. Context white in pileus and stipe, sometimes pileus context with a reddish tint.</p>
            <p> Basidiospores [40/2/1] (11–)12–14(–15) × 6–8 μm, av. 12.61–12.66 × 6.96–7.06 μm, Q = 1.57–1.91(–2.15), Qav. = 1.80–1.81, subamygdaliform, strongly verrucose. Basidia 35–45 × (7–)9–10(–11) μm, 4-spored, clavate, colorless to yellow, always with small granules.  Cystidia absent. Lamellar trama hyphae 3–6 μm wide, colorless to yellowish, smooth. Stipe hyphae 4–7 μm wide, colorless to yellowish, sometimes spirally incrusted. Pileipellis duplex, the upper layer (120–160 μm thick) gelatinous, composed of narrow, colorless to pale yellowish, spirally incrusted, thin-walled, long-celled hyphae measuring 3–7 μm wide; lower layer composed of interwoven to parallel cylindrical, mostly amber yellow, thin-walled hyphae measuring 4–9 μm wide. Clamp connections common in all parts of basidioma. </p>
            <p> Habitat and distribution:—Solitary to scattered on soil in a temperate forest or mixed forests with  Pinaceae and  Salicaceae . Summer. Currently known from Hungary (Bohus 1976), Italy (Campo 2015) and northeastern China (this study). </p>
            <p>  Specimen examined:— CHINA. Jilin Province: Antu County,  Changbaishan , in a temperate forest, altitude 751 m, 28 August 2015, Qing Cai 1439 (KUN-HKAS92058)  . </p>
            <p> Notes:—  Phlegmacium paracephalixum is mainly characterized by its viscid, ochraceous yellow pileus with a wide central broad umbo when young, soon flattened, cylindrical to clavate stipe with white fibrillose girdles, and subamygdaliform basidiospores measuring (11–)12–14(–15) × 6–8 μm. The species was found in mixed forests with  Pinus and  Populus , and the context was white, yellowing when bruised, and later becoming slightly pink (Campo 2015). </p>
            <p> Based on morphological and molecular data,  P. rioussetiae (Chevassut &amp; Rob. Henry) Niskanen &amp; Liimat. (2022: 151) is a sister species of  P. paracephalixum . Some mycologists considered it a synonym of  P. paracephalixum (Brandrud 1996, Brandrud et al. 1998, Campo 2015). However,  P. rioussetiae is separated from  P. paracephalixum by its grayish lilac lamellae and the absence of the redness of the context (Henry 1986). </p>
            <p> Phlegmacium patrickense and  P. rosargutum (Chevassut &amp; Rob. Henry) Niskanen &amp; Liimat. (2022: 151) are close relatives of  P. paracephalixum . However,  P. patrickense has a whitish to pale brown basidioma and larger basidiospores (12.2–14.7 × 7–8.4 μm, Q = 1.62–1.84), while  P. rosargutum has a shorter stipe, more abundant universal veil remnants on the pileus surface, and smaller basidiospores (9.5–12 × 6.5–7.5 μm, Q = 1.43–1.59) (Brandrud 1996, Liimatainen et al. 2014). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BE2A3C7B3B62FFA3FF27EE981D34F5F9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Liu, Fei-Fei;Wu, Gang;Yang, Zhu L.	Liu, Fei-Fei, Wu, Gang, Yang, Zhu L. (2023): A new species and new records of Phlegmacium (Cortinariaceae) from China based on molecular and morphological evidence. Phytotaxa 578 (2): 141-157, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.578.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.578.2.1
BE2A3C7B3B62FFA4FF27EBD4192FF235.text	BE2A3C7B3B62FFA4FF27EBD4192FF235.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phlegmacium patrickense (M. M. Moser 2014) Niskanen & Liimat. 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Phlegmacium patrickense (M.M. Moser) Niskanen &amp; Liimat., Fungal Divers. 112: 149, 2022 Figs. 2F, 3F 1 – F 4. </p>
            <p> ≡  Cortinarius patrickensis (M.M. Moser) Niskanen, Liimat., Kytöv., Bojantchev &amp; Ammirati, Persoonia 33: 125, 2014 </p>
            <p> MycoBank: MB 559011</p>
            <p>Description:— Pileus 3.5–4.2 cm, hemispherical, then plano-convex, first slightly viscid but soon dry, with ochraceous brown appressed squamules at the center, whitish to ochraceous yellow fibrillose towards the margin, and always with white patches of the veil at pileus margin. Lamellae emarginate, 3–4 mm broad, crowded (L = 80–90, l = 1–2), first whitish with an orange tint, later brown. Stipe 4.5–6 cm long, 1–1.5 cm thick at apex, 1.5–1.8 cm wide at the base, cylindrical to slightly clavate, whitish to ochraceous yellow, very fibrillose; basal mycelium white. Context white in pileus, white to pale yellow in stipe.</p>
            <p> Basidiospores [40/2/2] (11–)12–14(–15) × 7–9 μm, av. 12.43–12.64 × 7.74–8.01 μm, Q = 1.33–1.86(–1.93), Qav. = 1.56–1.64, amygdaliform, strongly verrucose. Basidia (31–)35–46 × (9–)10–13(–15) μm, 4-spored, clavate, colorless to pale yellow, mostly granulose.  Cystidia absent. Lamellar trama hyphae (2–)4–7(–10) μm wide, colorless to pale yellow, smooth. Stipe hyphae 3–5(–11) μm wide, colorless to pale yellow, smooth. Pileipellis duplex, the upper layer (38–80 μm thick) gelatinous, composed of narrow, colorless to pale yellow, sometimes incrusted, thin-walled, long-celled hyphae measuring 3–5 μm wide; lower layer composed of interwoven to parallel cylindrical, yellow to pale orange, thin-walled hyphae measuring (3–)5–6(–10) μm wide. Clamp connections common in all parts of basidioma. </p>
            <p>Habitat and distribution:—Solitary to scattered on soil in coniferous forests. Summer. Currently known from the USA, France (Moser &amp; Ammirati 2000, Brandrud 1996) and northwestern China (this study).</p>
            <p> Specimens examined:— CHINA. Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region: Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Zhaosu County, in a forest with  Picea , altitude 2237 m, 5 August 2021, Xue-Ping Fan 088 (KUN-HKAS12425); same county, in a forest with  Picea , altitude 1512 m, 5 August 2021, Li-Rong Liu 130 (KUN-HKAS124259). </p>
            <p> Notes:—  Phlegmacium patrickense is mainly characterized by its slightly viscid, ochraceous yellow to brown pileus, always with white patches of the veil at the pileus margin, cylindrical to the slightly clavate stipe, and amygdaliform basidiospores measuring (11–)12–14(–15) × 7–9 μm. It grows in boreal coniferous forests associated with  Picea . The description in Liimatainen et al. (2014) fairly fits our collections. </p>
            <p> Phlegmacium paracephalixum and  P. rosargutum are close relatives of  P. patrickense .  Phlegmacium paracephalixum , however, has a larger basidioma, more yellowish pileus, and narrower basidiospores (10.7–12.2 × 6–7 μm, Q = 1.65–1.88), and  P. rosargutum has more abundant universal veil remnants on the pileus surface and smaller basidiospores (9.5–12 × 6.5–7.5 μm, Q = 1.43–1.59) (Brandrud 1996, Liimatainen et al. 2014). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BE2A3C7B3B62FFA4FF27EBD4192FF235	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Liu, Fei-Fei;Wu, Gang;Yang, Zhu L.	Liu, Fei-Fei, Wu, Gang, Yang, Zhu L. (2023): A new species and new records of Phlegmacium (Cortinariaceae) from China based on molecular and morphological evidence. Phytotaxa 578 (2): 141-157, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.578.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.578.2.1
BE2A3C7B3B65FFA4FF27EC931FB8F6B5.text	BE2A3C7B3B65FFA4FF27EC931FB8F6B5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phlegmacium violaceorubens (Moenne-Locc. & Reumaux) Niskanen & Liimat.	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Phlegmacium violaceorubens (Moënne-Locc. &amp; Reumaux) Niskanen &amp; Liimat. , Fungal Divers. 112: 155, 2022 Figs. 2G, 3G 1–G 4. </p>
            <p> ≡  Cortinarius violaceorubens Moënne-Locc. &amp; Reumaux [as ‘ violaceo-rubens ’], Atlas des Cortinaires, Pars II (Annecy): 27, 1990 </p>
            <p> MycoBank: MB 559092</p>
            <p>Description:— Pileus 4 cm, hemispherical to convex, first viscid but soon dry, coarsely innately fibrillose, deep violaceous brown. Lamellae adnate, 3–5 mm broad, crowded (L = 100–120, l = 1–2), deep blue. Stipe 6 cm long, 2 cm thick at apex, 3.5 cm wide at the base, bulbous with a rounded bulb, pale blue to violaceous brown, ornamented with violaceous brown fibrils; basal mycelium pale blue. Context pale blue in pileus, blue with a brownish tint at stipe apex, whitish with a pinkish tint on exposure at stipe base.</p>
            <p> Basidiospores [20/1/1] 8–10 × 6–6.5 μm, av. 8.68 × 6.12 μm, Q = (1.23–)1.32–1.53(–1.67), Qav. = 1.42, ellipsoid, strongly verrucose. Basidia (35–)40–50(–54) × 8–10 μm, 4-spored, clavate, mostly colorless, hyaline.  Cystidia absent. Lamellar trama hyphae 3–5 μm wide, mostly colorless, smooth. Stipe hyphae 4–8(–9) μm wide, colorless to ochraceous yellow, smooth. Pileipellis duplex, the upper layer (80–110 μm thick) gelatinous, composed of narrow, yellow to ochraceous yellow, smooth, thin-walled, long-celled hyphae measuring 1.5–2(–3) μm wide; lower layer composed of interwoven to parallel cylindrical, brownish yellow to yellow, thin-walled hyphae measuring 5–10(–13) μm wide. Clamp connections common in all parts of basidioma. </p>
            <p> Habitat and distribution:—Solitary to scattered on soil in forests dominated by  Picea . Autumn. Currently known from France, Germany, Sweden, Finland (Liimatainen et al. 2014), and northwestern China (this study). </p>
            <p>  Specimen examined:— CHINA. Xinjiang Uygur  Autonomous Region :  Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture , Zhaosu County, in a forest with  Picea , altitude 2237 m, 5 August 2021, Liu-Kun Jia 1929 (KUN-HKAS124254) </p>
            <p> Notes:—  Phlegmacium violaceorubens is mainly characterized by its slightly viscid violaceous brown pileus with abundant fibrils, deep blue lamellae, rounded bulb and ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 8–10 × 6–6.5 μm. This species grows in  Picea -dominated forests. </p>
            <p> Phlegmacium violaceorubens is close to  P. cyanites (Fr.) M.M. Moser (1960: 337) and  P. boreicyanites (Kytöv., Liimat., Niskanen &amp; A.F.S. Taylor) Niskanen &amp; Liimat. (2022: 141) . However,  P. cyanites is separated by its larger basidioma, greyish blue to greyish brown pileus, and narrower basidiospores (8.8–10.9 × 5.2–6.3 μm, Q = 1.59–1.84, Qav. = 1.66–1.77). In addition,  P. cyanites grows in mixed forests of coniferous and deciduous trees (Liimatainen et al. 2014).  Phlegmacium boreicyanites has a pale greyish brown pileus, more abundant universal veil-forming girdles on the stipe, and narrower basidiospores (9.1–10.4 × 5.4–6.3 μm, Q = 1.58–1.80, Qav. = 1.66–1.73). It grows in boreal mixed forests of  Picea ,  Betula , and  Populus (Liimatainen et al. 2014) . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BE2A3C7B3B65FFA4FF27EC931FB8F6B5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Liu, Fei-Fei;Wu, Gang;Yang, Zhu L.	Liu, Fei-Fei, Wu, Gang, Yang, Zhu L. (2023): A new species and new records of Phlegmacium (Cortinariaceae) from China based on molecular and morphological evidence. Phytotaxa 578 (2): 141-157, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.578.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.578.2.1
