taxonID	type	description	language	source
5C24A53DFFC51E2867DEFE4EFD3BFE61.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — Name reflects the host genus Bambusa. Holotype: — MFLU 19 - 2729 Epiphytic on the upper surface of dead leaves of Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. (Poaceae), visible as small black dots. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Thyriothecia 90 – 120 × 100 – 130 μm (x = 110 × 112 µm, n = 10), solitary, scattered, superficial, flattened, circular, dark brown to black, easily be removed from the substrate, poorly developed basal layer, with irregular, central ostiole, dark brown, irregularly rounded at the margin. Upper wall comprises brown cells of textura angularis, radiating in irregular, parallel lines from center to the outer rim. Conidiogenous cells evanescent. Conidia 3 – 4 × 1 – 2 µm (x = 3.7 × 1.2 μm, n = 30), hyaline, cylindrical with obtuse ends, unicellular, minute guttulate, straight or slightly curved, smooth-walled. Culture characteristics: — Colonies on PDA, 10 – 12 mm diam. after 4 weeks at 25 ° C, colonies from above: medium dense, circular, raised, cottony, surface smooth, entire margin, white to cream at margin, white at center; reverse: white to yellowish at margin, light brown at center. Mycelium white to cream with tufting. Material examined: — Thailand, Chiang Mai, dead leaves of Bambusa vulgaris (Poaceae), 28 September 2018, D. S. Tennakoon, ADS 046 A (MFLU 19 - 2729, holotype); ex-type living culture, SDBR-CMU 436. ibid. 29 September 2019, ADS 046 B (NCYU 19 - 0085, paratype); ex-paratype living culture, SDBR-CMU 437. GenBank numbers: — MFLU 19 - 2729: ITS: ON 751741; NCYU 19 - 0085: ITS: ON 751742. Notes: — The phylogeny indicates that Paramicrothyrium bambusae (MFLU 19 - 2729 and NCYU 19 - 0085) forms a distinct lineage sister to P. chinensis isolates (IFRDCC 2258 and IA 20) with robust statistical support (100 % ML, 99 % MP, 1.00 BYPP, FIGURE 1). The morphology of P. bambusae fits well with the type species in having circular, dark brown to black thyriothecia with an irregular ostiole, without a darkened ring (Wu et al. 2011). However, we were unable to compare P. chinensis to the asexual morph of P. bambusae, since only the sexual morph was available for that species (Wu et al. 2011). Therefore, we compared the base pair differences between P. bambusae and P. chinensis and there were 25 base pair differences (4.14 %) across 603 nucleotides across the ITS (+ 5.8 S) gene region. In addition, P. bambusae has smaller thyriothecia (90 – 120 × 100 – 130 μm), whereas P. chinensis has significantly larger thyriothecia (420 – 590 μm diam.) (Wu et al. 2011). However, further collections are needed to clarify the sexual and asexual connection of Paramicrothyrium species.	en	Tennakoon, Danushka S., Hongsanan, Sinang, De Silva, Nimali I., Suwannarach, Nakarin, Lumyong, Saisamorn (2023): Molecular phylogeny and morphological characterization of Paramicrothyrium bambusae sp. nov. and Tumidispora thailandica sp. nov. from leaf litter. Phytotaxa 578 (1): 112-124, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.578.1.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.578.1.6
5C24A53DFFC51E2B67DEFF12FB20FEAE.taxon	description	Wu et al. (2011) established this as a monotypic genus to include Paramicrothyrium chinensis, which has irregular ostioles without a darkened ring. Currently, only the type is available in Paramicrothyrium (Index Fungorum 2022). In this study, we introduce Paramicrothyrium bambusae sp. nov. from dead leaves of Bambusa vulgaris.	en	Tennakoon, Danushka S., Hongsanan, Sinang, De Silva, Nimali I., Suwannarach, Nakarin, Lumyong, Saisamorn (2023): Molecular phylogeny and morphological characterization of Paramicrothyrium bambusae sp. nov. and Tumidispora thailandica sp. nov. from leaf litter. Phytotaxa 578 (1): 112-124, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.578.1.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.578.1.6
5C24A53DFFC61E2867DEFE04FE2CFD01.taxon	description	Ariyawansa et al. (2015) introduced Tumidispora to include the generic type T. shoreae, which was isolated from Shorea species in Thailand. Tumidispora has brown to dark brown thyriothecia, with a prominent darkened area around the central ostiole, fissitunicate, cylindrical to cylindric-clavate, short pedicellate asci and 1 – 2 - seriate, hyaline, 1 - septate ascospores (constricted at the septum) with an apical swollen cell (Ariyawansa et al. 2015). There is currently only the type species in this genus (Index Fungorum 2022). In this study, we introduce T. thailandica sp. nov. from Dimocarpus longan in Thailand.	en	Tennakoon, Danushka S., Hongsanan, Sinang, De Silva, Nimali I., Suwannarach, Nakarin, Lumyong, Saisamorn (2023): Molecular phylogeny and morphological characterization of Paramicrothyrium bambusae sp. nov. and Tumidispora thailandica sp. nov. from leaf litter. Phytotaxa 578 (1): 112-124, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.578.1.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.578.1.6
5C24A53DFFC61E2967DEFCE4FDBBFAC1.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The specific epithet “ thailandica ” refer to the country in which the fungus was first collected Holotype: — MFLU 19 - 2771 Epiphytic on the upper surface of dead leaves of Dimocarpus longan Lour. (Sapindaceae), visible as small black dots. Superficial hyphae absent. Sexual morph: Thyriothecia 200 – 260 × 210 – 280 μm (x = 230 × 240 µm, n = 10), solitary, superficial, scattered, flattened, circular, brown to black, easily be removed from the substrate, poorly developed basal layer, with prominent, darker, central ostiole, darker around the ostiole, dark brown towards the outer lighter rim, irregularly rounded at the margin. Upper wall containing brown cells of textura angularis, radiating in slightly irregular, parallel lines from center to the outer rim. Hamathecium containing 2 μm wide, branched pseudoparaphyses. Asci 40 – 46 × 5 – 7 μm (x = 45 × 6 µm, n = 20), 8 - spored, fissitunicate, bitunicate, short pedicellate, cylindrical to cylindric-clavate, apically rounded, with an ocular chamber. Ascospores 9 – 11 × 3 – 4 μm (x = 10.5 × 3.5 µm, n = 10), 1 – 2 - seriate, hyaline, fusiform, rounded ends, 1 - septate, constricted at the septum, apical cell swollen and wider, basal cell sub-conical, guttulate, two appendages in upper cell, smooth-walled. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Culture characteristics: — Colonies on PDA, 18 – 22 mm diam. after 4 weeks at 25 ° C, colonies from above: medium dense, circular, raised, surface smooth, entire margin, light green at margin, dark grey to brown at centre; reverse: light brown to light green at margin, dark grey to black at centre. Mycelium dark grey to black with tufting. Material examined: — Thailand, Chiang Mai, dead leaves of Dimocarpus longan (Sapindaceae), 25 April 2018, D. S. Tennakoon, DHAY 021 A (MFLU 19 - 2771, holotype); ex-type living culture, SDBR-CMU 438. ibid. 28 April 2018, DHAY 021 B (NCYU 19 - 0090, paratype); ex-paratype living culture, SDBR-CMU 439. GenBank numbers: — MFLU 19 - 2771: LSU: ON 751750; ITS: ON 751739; NCYU 19 - 0090: LSU: ON 751751; ITS: ON 751740. Notes: — The morphological characteristics of our collection (MFLU 19 - 2771 and NCYU 19 - 0090) tally well with the generic concept of Tumidispora, by having flattened, circular, brown to black thyriothecia, cylindrical to cylindricclavate, short pedicellate asci and 1 - septate, hyaline ascospores with a swollen apical cell (Ariyawansa et al. 2015). But our collection can be distinguished from the type (T. shoreae) in having shorter asci (40 – 46 × 5 – 7 μm vs 53 – 55 × 7 – 8 μm) and ascospores (9 – 11 × 3 – 4 μm vs 14 – 15 × 4 – 5 μm). In addition, our collection ascospores are distinctly fusiform with rounded ends and consist of two appendages in the upper cell, whereas T. shoreae has narrowly fusiform ascospores with sub-papillate ends and lacking appendages (Ariyawansa et al. 2015). Phylogeny results show that our collection (MFLU 19 - 2771 and NCYU 19 - 0090) forms an independent lineage sister to T. shoreae isolates (MFLUCC 12 - 0409 and MFLUCC 14 - 0574) with strong statistical support (100 % ML, 100 % MP, 1.00 BYPP, FIGURE 1). Thus, we introduce our collection (MFLU 19 - 2771 and NCYU 19 - 0090) as a new species, T. thailandica from the dead leaves of Dimocarpus longan in Thailand.	en	Tennakoon, Danushka S., Hongsanan, Sinang, De Silva, Nimali I., Suwannarach, Nakarin, Lumyong, Saisamorn (2023): Molecular phylogeny and morphological characterization of Paramicrothyrium bambusae sp. nov. and Tumidispora thailandica sp. nov. from leaf litter. Phytotaxa 578 (1): 112-124, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.578.1.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.578.1.6
