identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
5F621551103AFFB4FC41FC71FC016D11.text	5F621551103AFFB4FC41FC71FC016D11.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tantilla stenigrammi McCranie & Smith 2017	<div><p>Tantilla stenigrammi sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs. 3, 4)</p> <p>Tantilla taeniata: McCranie 2011a:227, in part; McCranie 2011b:44, in part.</p> <p>Holotype. — <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-86.21145&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.38382" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -86.21145/lat 15.38382)">University of Texas</a> at Arlington (UTA) R-52591 (Field No. ENS 10897), a subadult female from Cuaca (15°23 ′ 01.75 ′′ N, 86°12 ′ 41.22 ′′ W;. datum ¼ WGS 84 in all cases), 895 m elevation, department of Olancho, Honduras, collected 3 February 2005 by Eric N Smith, Jorge A. FerrariCastro, Jorge Murillo, C. Chavez, Arturo Sosa, and John H. Malone.</p> <p>Paratype (n ¼ 1). — UNAH 3032, an adult male with an incomplete head and tail, from about 20 km E of Gualaco, Olancho, Honduras, at beginning of a foot trail (15°02 ′ N, 85°54 ′ W) leading to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-85.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.033334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -85.9/lat 15.033334)">Cerro La Picucha</a>, 1180 m elevation.</p> <p>Diagnosis. — Tantilla stenigrammi is defined, following Campbell (1998), by the following combination of characters: (1) middorsal stripe Warm Buff to Pale Horn Color (Color 118, 92), extending length of body and most of tail, confined to vertebral row on at least anterior half of body, extending onto adjacent edges of paravertebral scale rows posteriorly on body; (2) Buff-Yellow (Color 53) lateral stripe occupying adjacent thirds of scale rows 3 and 4; (3) ventrolateral area similar in pale color to that of lateral stripe; (4) lower half to two-thirds of scale row 1 colored similarly to that of ventrals; (5) lateral edges of ventrals immaculate white (in preservative), no dark spots present; (6) ventral and subcaudal surfaces Pearl Gray (in life; Color 81) to white (in preservative); (7) female with 159 ventrals, male with 164 ventrals; (8) tail incomplete in both.</p> <p>Tantilla stenigrammi can be distinguished from T. taeniata by having the pale middorsal stripe confined to the vertebral row on at least anterior half of body and in having pale gray ventral surfaces in life (vs. pale middorsal stripe also extending onto paravertebral rows throughout its length and ventral surfaces pale purplish pink grading to darker salmon color on posterior two-thirds of body and under tail in T. taeniata). It further differs from T. taeniata in having more ventral scales (164 vs. 141–152 in males, and 159 vs. 150 in females).</p> <p>Tantilla stenigrammi differs from T. psittaca and T. tritaeniata by having the middorsal pale stripe confined to the vertebral row on at least anterior half of body (vs. middorsal stripe involving all of vertebral scale. and adjacent third to half of paravertebral scale rows throughout its length in those two species); further from T psittaca by having pale gray ventral and subcaudal surfaces in life and white in preservative (vs. those surfaces being pink and grading to red in life and pale brown medially and pale brown with pinkish tinge on posterior third of body and under tail in preservative), and further from T. tritaeniata in having a complete nuchal collar and the pale lateral stripe covering adjacent thirds of scale rows 3 and 4 (vs. nuchal collar divided and pale lateral stripe including adjacent halves to two-thirds of scale rows 3 and 4). Tantilla stenigrammi differs from T. impensa in having 159 ventrals in the female, the pale middorsal stripe extending onto adjacent edges of paravertebral scale rows only posteriorly on the body, the pale brown lateral stripe covering adjacent thirds of scale rows 3 and 4, and by having a pale brown crossbar on the internasals that is bordered on the posterior edge by a dark brown cross-line (vs. 164–172 ventrals in females, the pale middorsal stripe confined to vertebral row throughout its length, pale lateral stripe including adjacent halves to twothirds of scale rows 3 and 4, and those head surfaces same ground color as remainder of head). Tantilla stenigrammi differs from T. olŋmpia in having complete middorsal and lateral pale stripes, in having a pale internasal crossbar, and having distinct pale large spots on the lateral surface of the head (vs. those body pale stripes reduced to dashes and spots, respectively, no internasal crossbar, and those lateral pale areas on head absent to indistinct).</p> <p>Description of holotype. —A subadult female; TOL 173 mm plus tail tip; SVL 137 mm; TAL 36 mm plus tail tip (20.8% plus tail tip of TOL); HL 4.6 mm; HW 3.4 mm (level of angle of mouth); head barely distinct from neck; snout broadly rounded in dorsal view; eye length 1.1 mm; snout length 2.2 mm, about 2.0 times longer than eye; pupil circular; rostral about 1.2 times wider than high (1.2 X 1.0 mm); internasal length about three-quarters of width (0.8 X 1.1 mm); prefrontal much larger than internasal, wider than long (1.3 X 0.9 mm); median prefrontal suture 0.9 mm, nearly half as long as frontal; frontal with slight anterior extension, V-shaped posteriorly, about 1.3 times longer than wide (2.1 X 1.6 mm), 1.3 times longer than distance from its anterior edge to tip of snout (2.1 X 1.6 mm); parietal about 1.6 times longer than wide (3.0 X 1.9 mm), median suture length 1.6 mm, about 0.8 times frontal length; parietals contacting seven nuchal scales; supraocular about 1.8 times longer than wide (1.6 X 0.9 mm), bordering orbit, contacting parietal, upper postocular, preocular, and prefrontal.</p> <p>Nasal divided, anterior nasal contacting rostral, internasal, and first supralabial, posterior nasal contacting internasal, prefrontal, preocular, and first and second supralabials, nostril located in central portion of nasal (forming division of nasal); loreal absent; preocular single, as high as long (both dimensions 0.5 mm), lower edge contacting supralabials 2 and 3; postoculars 2, upper about same size as lower (height of both 0.5 mm); temporals 1 þ 1, anterior temporal 1.1 times longer than high (1.0 X 0.9 mm), posterior temporal 1.6 times longer than high (1.3 X 0.8 mm); supralabials 7, 3rd and 4th bordering orbit, 4th and 5th contacting lower postocular, 5th and 6th contacting anterior temporal, and 7th contacting anterior and posterior temporals; infralabials 6, first 3 contacting anterior pair of chinshields, infralabial 1 on each side separated medially by contact with anterior chinshield; mental 1.7 times wider than long (1.2 X 0.7 mm), contacting first pair of infralabials and anterior pair of chinshields; anterior chinshields 2.1 times longer than wide (1.9 X 0.9 mm), not extending laterally to border of lip; posterior pair of chinshields 1.9 times longer than wide (1.3 X 0.7 mm), posterior tips separated from each other by one gular scale; three preventral scales present between gular and ventral 1; dorsal scales in 15–15–15 transverse rows, smooth throughout, lacking apical pits and supracloacal tubercles; dorsal scales in eight rows at level of subcaudal 10; ventrals 159; cloacal scute divided; subcaudals 64 plus tail tip (an estimated 5–10 subcaudal scales missing), paired; ventrals plus subcaudals 223 plus tail tip.</p> Ventrals Subcaudals TAL/TOLnSpeciesMales/FemalesMalesFemalesMalesFemalesMalesFemalesMaximum TOL T. excelsa3/1169161–178706124%23%400 mm T. gottei6/1142–15814762–677024–26%26%367 mm T. impensa9/12161–171164–17268–7264–7221–24%21–25%~ 725 mm T. olŋmpia1/0148—49—21%—338 mm T. psittaca4/3153–163154–16163–73—24–25%—413 mm T. stenigrammi1/1164159————173 mmþ T. taeniata9/1141–15215060–705923–27%23%415 mm T. tritaeniata1/2157155–161—59–65—23–24%273 mm <p>Color of holotype in life (Fig. 3). —Coloration of freshly euthanized holotype (UTADC 8752–53): dorsum of head Olive-Brown (28), transforming to Sepia (219) along scale margins; anterior portion of rostral, supralabial 1, and nasals Sepia; posterior portion of rostral, internasal, and interparietal areas Grayish Horn Color (91); two Pale Horn Color (92) lateral spots on head, first occupying postnasal, lower edge of prefrontal, anterior tip of preocular, and most of supralabials 1 and 2, second lateral spot located posterior to eye and occupying most of lower postocular, lower borders of upper postocular and parietal, part of supralabials 4 and 6 and all of supralabial 5, and anterior half of anterior temporal; nuchal collar Warm Buff (118) dorsally to Pale Horn Color laterally, with Sepia anterior and posterior borders, collar about two dorsal scales long and occupying posterior tips of parietal and secondary temporal, and posterior third of supralabial 7; dorsum of body Hair Brown (119A), turning Sepia alongside all pale body stripes and toward nuchal collar; middorsal stripe Warm Buff, occupying only vertebral scale row anteriorly on body, extending onto adjacent edges of paravertebral scale rows posteriorly on body, beginning one and a half scales posterior to nuchal collar, stripe extending onto tail to reach tip, occupying adjacent halves of two most-middorsal scale rows; lateral body stripe on each side Buff-Yellow (53), occupying adjacent thirds of scale rows 3 and 4, beginning three scales posterior to nuchal collar, pale stripe on tail occupying second dorsal scale row and ending about 10 scales anterior to tip; underside of head mostly Pearl Gray (81), but Smoke Gray (44) toward mouth, and mental and buccal borders of infralabials 1–4 Sepia; venter of body, including anal plate, Pearl Gray, Smoke Gray toward sides, underside of tail Pearl Gray; ventral coloration extends to middle of dorsal scale row 1 on body, occupying all of dorsal scale row 1 on tail.</p> <p>Color of holotype in preservative (Fig. 4). —Dorsal surfaces brown with white nuchal collar and white middorsal and lateral stripes; pale middorsal stripe confined to vertebral row on at least anterior half of body, and extending onto adjacent edges of paravertebral rows posteriorly on body, with lateral tips of each vertebral scale dark brown; pale middorsal stripe not narrowing anteriorly on first scale involved in stripe; pale middorsal stripe extending onto tail, fading out at about a third of its length until becoming poorly visible at about midlength of tail; pale middorsal stripe beginning on 4th scale posterior to parietals; pale lateral stripe present on adjacent thirds of scale rows 3 and 4, bordered above by continuous, thin dark brown line; pale lateral stripe beginning on 5th scale posterior to ultimate (7th) supralabial, extending well onto tail; lower two-thirds of scale row 1 white; upper third of scale row 1, all of scale row 2, and lower third of scale row 3 same shade of brown as paravertebral rows; pale nuchal collar complete, involving posterior tips of parietals plus one and one-half scale rows dorsally, pale nuchal collar also involving posterior third of ultimate supralabial plus one scale row laterally; dorsal surface of head generally brown; off-white crossbar involving upper tip of rostral and both internasals, crossbar bordered posteriorly by dark brown cross-line involving posterior tips of internasal scales; lateral tips of each parietal scale white, contacting off-white line following parietal suture; anterior lateral white spot involving lower tips of prefrontals, postnasal, posterior two-thirds of supralabial 1, and all but posterior edge of supralabial 2; larger lateral white spot also present posterior to eye, involving all of supralabial 5 and anterior edge of supralabial 6, extending dorsally to cover about anterior half of anterior temporal; dark brown lateral bar covering posterior half of anterior temporal, all of posterior temporal, and posterior three-quarters and anterior two-thirds of supralabials 6 and 7, respectively; dark brown lateral bar extending dorsally to lateral third of parietal, not narrowing dorsally; about anterior half of mental and lateral tips of infralabials 1 and 2 dark brown, small portions of infralabials 3 and 4 with brown spots, remainder of ventral surface of head white; ventral surface of body white for full length, white pigment also extending onto lower tips of scale row 1 on body; subcaudal surface white, except upper tips of subcaudal scales dark brown.</p> <p>Variation in paratype. —The paratype is an adult male that lacks part of its head and most of its tail, thus no measurements were taken, nor was the color pattern recorded by JRM when examined. Data and photographs in preservative provided by J.E. Mérida (26 December 2016), however, indicate that it has 164 ventrals and a narrow vertebral stripe anteriorly on the body and extending onto adjacent edges of paravertebral scale rows posteriorly on body; thus, similar to that of the holotype.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. —The holotype of Tantilla stenigrammi was found at 1630 h beside the school in Cuaca, Olancho (Fig. 5). The specimen was under a root mat on the buttress of a fallen tree about 1 m above ground, and that site located between a soccer field and secondary vegetation. The historic habitat of Cuaca was pine–oak forest (Premontane Moist Forest of Holdridge [1967]) along the flanks of Montaña de Botaderos in a transition zone between pine– oak forest and broadleaf rainforest (Premontane Wet Forest). The highest elevations of the Botaderos Mountains contain remnants of closed-canopy broadleaf rainforest (Lower Montane Wet Forest), usually referred to as ‘‘cloud forest.’’</p> <p>The paratype was found dead during the day near the start of a foot trail in pine–oak forest (Premontane Moist Forest) along the lower flanks of the Sierra de Agalta. That trail also passes through Premontane Wet Forest, before ultimately entering Lower Montane Wet Forest as it gains altitude. Thus, both specimens of Tantilla stenigrammi were found in similar, formerly forested areas, and at similar elevations (895 and 1180 m) in north-central and central Olancho in east-central Honduras. Both localities are in low mountains on both sides of the upper drainage of the Río Sico Tinto (also called Río Negro) that forms the Agalta Valley (Fig. 5).</p> <p>Remarks. —A photograph of the holotype (UTA R-52591) of Tantilla stenigrammi was previously published in McCranie et al. (2006; as T. taeniata).</p> <p>Etymology. —The specific epithet, stenigrammi, is a Greek substantive used as an adjective and meaning narrow-lined, derived from the Greek adjective stenos (narrow) and the Greek noun grammi (line), in allusion to the narrow middorsal stripe that is characteristic of the species.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5F621551103AFFB4FC41FC71FC016D11	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	McCranie, James R.;Smith, Eric N.	McCranie, James R., Smith, Eric N. (2017): A Review of the Tantilla taeniata Species Group (Reptilia: Squamata: Colubridae: Colubrinae) in Honduras, with the Description of Three New Species. Herpetologica 73 (4): 338-348, DOI: 10.1655/Herpetologica-D-16-00080.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1655/herpetologica-d-16-00080.1
5F621551103DFFB6FC49FA9CFB886E66.text	5F621551103DFFB6FC49FA9CFB886E66.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tantilla excelsa McCranie & Smith 2017	<div><p>Tantilla excelsa sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs. 6, 7)</p> <p>Tantilla taeniata: Wilson and Meyer 1971:32, in part; Wilson 1982:56, in part; Wilson and Meyer 1982:109, in part; Wilson and Meyer 1985:103, in part; Wilson and McCranie 1999:328, in part; McCranie 2011a:227, in part; McCranie 2011b:44, in part; McCranie et al. 2012:623; Wilson and Mata-Silva 2015:457, in part.</p> <p>Holotype. — USNM 579682, an adult male from <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-87.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.733334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -87.45/lat 15.733334)">Lancetilla</a> (15°44 ′ N, 87°27 ′ W), 30 m elevation, department of Atlántida, Honduras, collected 26 February 2011 by Leonel Marineros.</p> <p>Paratypes (n ¼ 3). — UF 157566, an adult female from Compañia Agricola Paradise near Peña Blanca (14°58 ′ N, 88°01 ′ W), 700 m elevation, Cortés, Honduras; UMMZ 58417, an adult female that is dehydrated and has an incomplete tail, from El Progreso (15°24 ′ N, 87°48 ′ W), Yoro, Honduras, 30 m elevation; MCZ 22045, head and anterior portion of body of an adult, from Progreso District, Yoro, Honduras, about 30 m elevation.</p> <p>Diagnosis. — Tantilla excelsa (in preservative) is defined by the following combination of characters: (1) pale middorsal stripe tan, extending length of body and at least half of tail, stripe on vertebral row and adjacent halves of paravertebral rows throughout its length; (2) tan to white lateral stripe occupying adjacent halves of scale rows 3 and 4; (3) ventrolateral area similar in pale color to that of lateral stripe; (4) lower two-thirds anteriorly and about lower third posteriorly of scale row 1 white similar to that of ventrals; (5) lateral edges of ventrals white, no, or very few, dark spots present; (6) ventral and subcaudal surfaces yellow (shortly after death) and white; (7) two females with 161–178 ventrals, single male with 169 ventrals, subcaudals 61 in one female, 70 in male; (8) tail length 23% of total length in one female, 24% in male.</p> <p>Tantilla excelsa can be distinguished from T. taeniata by having 169 ventrals in single male, 161–178 in two females, and by having yellow ventral surfaces in life (vs. 141–152 ventrals in males and 150 in single known female, and ventral surfaces pale purplish pink grading to darker salmon color on posterior two-thirds of body and tail).</p> <p>Tantilla excelsa differs from T. impensa and T. stenigrammi by having the middorsal pale stripe involving all of the vertebral scale row and adjacent thirds of paravertebral scale rows throughout its length (vs. middorsal stripe confined to vertebral row in those two species [on at least anterior half of body in T. stenigrammi]) and having female ventrals numbering up to 178 (vs. to 172 in T. impensa and 159 in female T. stenigrammi). Tantilla excelsa differs from T. olŋmpia in having complete middorsal and lateral pale stripes, with the middorsal stripe extending onto lateral edges of paravertebral rows, and having 169 ventrals and 70 subcaudal scales in single male (vs. those stripes reduced to dashes and spots, respectively; pale middorsal dashes restricted to vertebral row; and 148 ventrals and 49 subcaudals in a male specimen). Tantilla excelsa differs from T. psittaca by having yellow ventral and subcaudal surfaces in life and white to pale yellow in preservative and in having 169 ventrals in single male and 161–178 in two females (vs. those surfaces pink and grading to red in life and pale brown medially and pale brown with pinkish tinge on posterior third of body and under tail in preservative, 153–163 ventrals in males and 154–161 in female specimens). Tantilla excelsa differs from T. tritaeniata in having 169 ventrals in single male and 161–178 ventrals in two females, and having a complete pale nuchal collar (vs. 157 ventrals in single male and 155–161 in females, and pale nuchal collar divided).</p> <p>Description of holotype. —An adult male; TOL 400 mm; SVL 305 mm; TAL 95 mm (23.8% of TOL); HL 9.8 mm; HW 5.5 mm (level of angle of mouth); head barely distinct from neck; snout broadly rounded in dorsal view; eye length 1.3 mm; snout length 3.0 mm, about 2.3 times longer than eye; pupil circular; rostral about 1.1 times wider than high (2.2 X 2.0 mm); internasal length about 0.8 times width (1.1 X 1.4 mm); prefrontal larger than internasal, wider than long (2.2 X 1.5 mm); median prefrontal suture 1.4 mm, about half as long as frontal; frontal with slight anterior extension, Vshaped posteriorly, about 1.0 times longer than wide (2.9 X 2.8 mm), about 1.0 times longer than distance from its anterior edge to tip of snout (2.9 X 2.8 mm); parietal about 1.5 times longer than wide (4.1 X 2.8 mm), median parietal suture length 3.0 mm, about 1.0 times longer than length of frontal (2.9 mm); parietals contacting five nuchal scales; supraocular about 1.6 times longer than wide (2.3 X 1.4 mm), bordering orbit, contacting parietal, upper postocular, preocular, frontal, and prefrontal.</p> <p>Nasal divided, anterior nasal contacting rostral, internasal, and supralabial 1, posterior nasal contacting internasal, prefrontal, preocular, and supralabials 1 and 2, nostril located in central portion of nasal (forming division of nasal); loreal absent; preocular single, about 1.4 times higher than long (0.7 m X 0.5 mm), lower edge contacting supralabials 2 and 3; postoculars 2, upper about 1.5 times larger than lower (upper height 0.6 mm, lower height 0.4 mm); temporals 1 þ 1, anterior temporal 1.5 times longer than high (1.9 X 1.3 mm), posterior temporal 1.8 times longer than high (1.6 X 0.9 mm); supralabials 7, 3 and 4 bordering orbit, 4 and 5 contacting lower postocular, 5 also contacting anterior temporal, 6 contacting anterior temporal, 7 contacting anterior and posterior temporals; infralabials 6– 7, first 2 contacting anterior pair of chinshields on side with 6 infralabials (left side), first 3 contacting anterior pair of chinshields on side with 7 infralabials (right side); infralabial 1 on each side separated medially by contact with anterior chinshield; mental about 1.6 times wider than long (1.4 X 0.9 mm), contacting first pair of infralabials and anterior pair of chinshields; anterior chinshields about 2.4 times longer than wide (2.6 X 1.1 mm), not extending laterally to border of lip; posterior pair of chinshields about 1.7 times longer than wide (1.7 X 1.0 mm), posterior tips separated from each other by two rows of gular scales; four preventral scales between gular 1 and ventral 1; dorsal scales in 15–15–15 transverse rows, smooth throughout, lacking apical pits and supracloacal tubercles; dorsal scales in six rows at level of subcaudal 10; ventrals 169; cloacal scute divided; subcaudals 70, paired; ventrals plus subcaudals 239.</p> <p>Color of holotype in life. —Other than noting the ventral and subcaudal surfaces were yellow (L. Marineros, personal communication), the collector of the holotype did not record color notes of the recently killed specimen.</p> <p>Color of holotype in preservative (Figs. 6, 7). —Dorsal surfaces brown with white nuchal collar, tan middorsal stripe, and white lateral stripe; tan middorsal stripe includes vertebral row and adjacent tips to a third of paravertebral scale rows; tan middorsal stripe narrowing anteriorly on first scale involved in stripe, extending onto tail, fading out at about midlength of tail; tan middorsal stripe beginning on scale 4 posterior to parietals; broader white lateral stripe present, covering adjacent halves of scale rows 3 and 4, bordered above by continuous, thin dark brown line; white lateral stripe beginning on scale 5 posterior to supralabial 7, extending well onto tail to nearly reaching tip; lower twothirds of scale row 1 white anteriorly, grading to white only reaching lower tips of scale row 1 posteriorly on body; about upper third of scale row 1, all of scale row 2, and lower third of scale row 3 same shade of brown as paravertebral rows on about anterior half of body, before reducing width posteriorly; pale nuchal collar complete, not involving posterior tips of parietals, but involving first two scale rows dorsally, pale nuchal collar also involving posterior half of ultimate supralabial plus two scale rows laterally; dorsal surface of head brown, other than dark brown line crossing posterior tips of parietals to connect with lateral dark head bar; white, with dirty white flecking lateral spot involving postnasal, supralabial 1, and anterior half of supralabial 2; larger white spot posterior to eye involving anterior half of anterior temporal, all of supralabial 5, and tips of supralabials 4 and 6; dark brown lateral bar involving posterior half of supralabial 7, adjacent two-thirds of supralabial 6, and all of posterior temporal to connect with dark brown parietal cross-line; lateral dark bar narrowing only slightly dorsally; anterior tip of mental scale and lateral tips of infralabials 1 and 2 with brown flecking; dark brown spot present on infralabial 4 and adjacent edge of infralabial 5, remainder of ventral surface of head white; ventral surfaces of body and tail white for full length, except for variation discussed above.</p> <p>Variation in paratypes. —Two adult female paratypes show the following variation (followed by mean in parentheses): TOL 326 mm in one (UF 157566; UMMZ 58417 has incomplete tail); SVL 251–276 (263.5). mm; TAL 23.0% of TOL in one; ventrals 161–178 (169.5); subcaudals 61 in one; ventrals plus subcaudals 222 in one. All paratypes (including MCZ R22045, a head and anterior portion of body only of an adult) have 7 supralabials on each side, with supralabials 3 and 4 bordering the eye. Available color pattern notes indicate those paratypes were similar overall to the color pattern of the holotype.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. —Very little is known about the habitats of Tantilla excelsa. The holotype was killed by a worker at the Lancetilla Botanical Gardens during February. The UF specimen was taken after dark as it was crawling on the ground on a coffee farm during May. The UMMZ specimen was collected on 27 March 1923 and possibly came from an insect trap (G. Schneider, personal communication). No data are available for the MCZ paratype other than it was collected in 1925. The Lancetilla Botanical Gardens formerly contained Lowland Moist Forest and lies at 30 m elevation. The coffee farm is in an area formerly containing Premontane Wet Forest and lies at 700 m elevation. The remaining two localities are in Lowland Dry Forest, although more mesic corridors of gallery forest do occur in those areas. Thus, T. excelsa is known to occur at low and moderate elevations (30–700 m) on both sides of the Río Ulúa drainage, and from the vicinity of Lago de Yojoa, Cortés, to the north-northeast in the vicinity of Lancetilla, Atlántida (Fig. 5).</p> <p>Etymology. —The specific name excelsa is an adjective from the Latin excelsus, which in this case means high. The name refers to the relatively high number of ventral scales in this nominal form.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5F621551103DFFB6FC49FA9CFB886E66	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	McCranie, James R.;Smith, Eric N.	McCranie, James R., Smith, Eric N. (2017): A Review of the Tantilla taeniata Species Group (Reptilia: Squamata: Colubridae: Colubrinae) in Honduras, with the Description of Three New Species. Herpetologica 73 (4): 338-348, DOI: 10.1655/Herpetologica-D-16-00080.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1655/herpetologica-d-16-00080.1
5F621551103FFFB8FBB1F9B1FB9A6A14.text	5F621551103FFFB8FBB1F9B1FB9A6A14.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tantilla gottei McCranie & Smith 2017	<div><p>Tantilla gottei sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs. 8, 9)</p> <p>Tantilla taeniata: Wilson and Meyer 1971:32, in part; Wilson 1982:56, in part; Wilson and Meyer 1982:109, in part; Wilson and Meyer 1985:103, in part; Wilson and McCranie 1999:328, in part; McCranie 2011a:227, in part; McCranie 2011b:44, in part; Wilson and Mata-Silva 2015:457, in part.</p> <p>Holotype. — ROM 19996, an adult female from El Picacho (14°07 ′ N, 87°11 ′ W), a zoological park located near Tegucigalpa, 1280 m elevation, department of Francisco Morazán, Honduras, collected 12 December 1986 by Jorge Porras.</p> <p>Paratypes (n ¼ 4). — UNAH 5394, an adult male from Galeras (13°55 ′ N, 86°59 ′ W) about 5 km north of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-86.98333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.916667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -86.98333/lat 13.916667)">Güinope</a>, 860 m elevation, El Paraíso, Honduras; MCZ R49886, a juvenile male from El Zamorano (14°00 ′ N, 87°01 ′ W), 800 m elevation, Francisco Morazán, Honduras; UNAH 3903, 4833, a subadult male and an adult male, respectively, from Tegucigalpa (centered at about 14°06 ′ N, 87°12 ′ W), 930– 1000 m elevation, Francisco Morazán, Honduras.</p> <p>Referred specimens (n ¼ 2). — UNAH 6141, a dehydrated specimen, from Tegucigalpa (centered at about 14°06 ′ N, 87°12 ′ W), 930–1000 m elevation, Francisco Morazán, Honduras; UNAH 1765 from Alauca (13°51 ′ N, 86°41 ′ W), 500 m elevation, El Paraíso, Honduras.</p> <p>Diagnosis. — Tantilla gottei is defined by the following combination of characters: (1) middorsal stripe pale cream (in preservative), extending length of body and most of tail, on vertebral row and adjacent third of paravertebral rows; (2) pale cream (in preservative) lateral stripe occupying adjacent third of scale row 3 and lower three-quarters of scale row 4; (3) ventrolateral area white as is that of lateral stripe (in preservative); (4) lower two-thirds of scale row 1 colored similarly to that of ventrals; (5) lateral edges of ventrals white, except some dark spots present (in preservative); (6) ventral and subcaudal surfaces yellow (in life) and white (in preservative); (7) female with 147 ventrals, male ventrals 142–158, subcaudals 70 in female, 62–67 in males; (8) female tail length 26% of total length, 24–26% in males.</p> <p>Tantilla gottei most closely resembles T. taeniata in having low numbers of ventral scales, but differs in having yellow ventral surfaces in life, and by having a pale brown internasal crossbar that is confluent with the pale lateral spot anterior to the eye, (vs. ventral surfaces pale purplish pink grading to darker salmon color on posterior two-thirds of body and tail in life, and in lacking a internasal crossbar).</p> <p>Tantilla gottei differs from T. impensa, T. olŋmpia, and T. stenigrammi by having the middorsal pale stripe involving all of vertebral scale row and adjacent third to half of paravertebral scale rows (vs. middorsal stripe confined to vertebral row in those three species, with that of T. olŋmpia also reduced to a series of dashes; but that stripe also extends onto adjacent edges of paravertebral scale rows posteriorly on body in T. stenigrammi). Tantilla gottei differs further from T. impensa and T. stenigrammi in having 142–152 ventrals in both sexes combined (vs. ventrals 161–172 in T. impensa, and 159 in one T. stenigrammi), and further from T. impensa in having 204–217 ventral plus subcaudal scales in both sexes combined (vs. 233–240). Tantilla gottei differs further from T. olŋmpia in having 62–70 subcaudals in both sexes combined and having a complete pale lateral stripe (vs. 49 subcaudals and pale lateral stripe reduced to dots in T. olŋmpia). Tantilla gottei differs from T. excelsa in having 142–152 ventrals and 204–217 ventral plus subcaudal scales in both sexes combined and having a pale brown internasal crossbar that is confluent with the pale lateral spot anterior to the eye (vs. 161–178 ventrals and 222–239 ventral plus subcaudal scales, and internasal crossbar absent). Tantilla gottei differs from T. psittaca by having yellow ventral and subcaudal surfaces in life and cream in preservative and in having 142–152 ventrals and 204–217 ventrals plus subcaudals in both sexes combined (vs. those surfaces pink and grading to red in life and pale brown medially and pale brown with pinkish tinge on posterior third of body and under tail in preservative, and 153–163 ventrals and 216–234 ventrals plus subcaudals). Tantilla gottei differs from T. tritaeniata in having 142–152 ventrals in both sexes combined and having a complete pale nuchal collar (vs. 155–161 ventrals and pale nuchal collar divided).</p> <p>Description of holotype. —A subadult female; TOL 367 mm; SVL 270 mm; TAL 97 mm (26.4% of TOL); HL 10.8 mm; HW 5.6 mm (between level of angle of mouth and eye); head barely distinct from neck; snout broadly rounded in dorsal view; eye length 1.4 mm; snout length 3.3 mm, about 2.4 times longer than eye; pupil circular; rostral about 1.4 times wider than high (2.2 X 1.6 mm); internasal length about 0.7 times of width (1.1 X 1.6 mm); prefrontal about 1.7 times larger than internasal (1.9 X 1.1 mm), as wide as long (both dimensions 1.9 mm); median prefrontal suture 1.6 mm, about 0.5 times as long as frontal (1.6 X 3.5 mm); frontal with slight anterior extension, V-shaped posteriorly, about 1.3 times longer than wide (3.5 X 2.7 mm), about 1.1 times longer than distance from its anterior edge to tip of snout (3.1 mm); parietal about 1.5 times longer than wide (4.4 X 3.0 mm), median suture length 2.8 mm, about 0.8 times length of frontal; parietals contacting six nuchal scales; supraocular about 1.9 times longer than wide (2.6 X 1.4 mm), bordering orbit, contacting parietal, upper postocular, preocular, and prefrontal.</p> <p>Nasal divided; anterior nasal contacting rostral, internasal, and supralabial 1; posterior nasal contacting internasal, prefrontal, preocular, and supralabials 1 and 2; nostril located in central portion of nasal (forming division of nasal); loreal absent; preocular single, not higher than long (1.3 X 1.4 mm), lower edge contacting supralabials 2 and 3; postoculars 2, upper about same size as lower (height of both scales 0.9 mm); temporals 1 þ 1, anterior temporal 1.3 times longer than high (1.8 X 1.4 mm), posterior temporal 1.3 times longer than high (1.9 X 1.5 mm); supralabials 7, 3 and 4 bordering orbit, 4 and 5 contacting lower postocular, 5 contacting anterior temporal and lower postocular, 6 contacting anterior temporal, and 7 contacting anterior and posterior temporals; infralabials 6, 1–4 contacting anterior pair of chinshields, first infralabial on each side separated medially by contact with anterior chinshield; mental about 0.9 times as wide as long (1.8 X 1.9 mm), contacting first pair of infralabials and anterior pair of chinshields; anterior chinshields about 1.6 times longer than wide (2.2 X 1.4 mm), not extending laterally to border of lip; posterior pair of chinshields about 1.7 times longer than wide (1.7 X 1.0 mm), posterior tips separated from each other by one gular scale; four preventral scales present between gular and first ventral; dorsal scales in 15–15–15 transverse rows, smooth throughout, lacking apical pits and supracloacal tubercles; dorsal scales in six rows at level of 10th subcaudal; ventrals 147; cloacal scute divided; subcaudals 70, paired; ventrals plus subcaudals 217.</p> <p>Color of holotype in life. —Nothing was recorded on color in life of the holotype, other than that the ventral and subcaudal surfaces were yellow (J. Porras, personal communication).</p> <p>Color of holotype in preservative (Figs. 8, 9). —Dorsal surfaces brown with pale cream nuchal collar and pale cream middorsal and white lateral stripes; pale middorsal stripe on vertebral row and adjacent third of paravertebral rows; pale middorsal stripe slightly narrowing anteriorly on first scale involved in stripe; pale middorsal stripe extending onto tail to nearly its tip; pale middorsal stripe beginning on fifth scale posterior to parietals; pale lateral stripe present on upper two-thirds of scale row 3 and lower three-quarters of scale row 4, bordered above by continuous, thin dark brown line on upper quarter of scale row four and below by incomplete dark brown line on lower third of scale row 3; pale lateral stripe beginning on scale 5 posterior to supralabial 7, extending well onto tail; lower two-thirds of scale row 1 cream; upper third of scale row 1 and all of scale row 2 same shade of brown as dorsal ground color; pale nuchal collar complete, involving posterior tips of parietals plus ~ 1.5 scale rows dorsally, pale nuchal collar also involving posterior third of ultimate supralabial plus one scale row laterally; dorsal surface of head generally brown, except distinct pale brown crossbar involving most of internasals and anterior third of prefrontals, pale crossbar confluent with pale cream lateral spot anterior to eye; lateral pale spot involving postnasal, supralabial 1, and anterior third of supralabial 2; larger pale cream spot also present posterior to eye, involving all of supralabial 5, anterior edge of supralabial 6, and posterior half of supralabial 4, pale spot extending dorsally to cover about anterior half of anterior temporal, and lower postocular; dark brown lateral bar covering posterior twothirds of anterior temporal, all of posterior temporal, and posterior three-quarters and anterior two-thirds of supralabials 6 and 7, respectively; dark brown lateral bar continuous with dorsal surface of head color; dark brown mottling and tiny spots present on mental and first infralabial, respectively; dark brown spot also present on anterior tips of infralabial four; ventral surface of head pale cream; ventral surface of body cream for full length, pale pigment also extending onto lower tips of scale row 1 on body; subcaudal surface cream, except upper tips of subcaudal scales dark brown.</p> <p>Variation in paratypes. —The four male paratypes show the following variation: TOL 165–343 mm (mean ± 1 SD, 265.8 ± 75.1 mm); SVL 125–254 mm (199.5 ± 54.9 mm); TAL 24–26% of TOL; ventrals 142–158 (147.3 ± 4.1); subcaudals 62–67 (64.0 ± 2.2); and ventrals plus subcaudals 204–215 (211.3 ± 5.0). Some of the paratypes were recorded to have slightly narrower pale lateral stripes than the holotype, with those variations involving the adjacent thirds of scale rows 3 and 4.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat. —Almost nothing is known about the habitats of Tantilla gottei, except the low montane habitats where this species was collected are in pine forest in the south-central portion of Honduras (Premontane Moist Forest of Holdridge 1967), with one exception. That exception is a single locality in Lowland Dry Forest (Holdridge 1967). The holotype was collected alive by a worker on the grounds of the El Picacho Zoo during December. One paratype (MCZ R49886) was collected during May. The known elevational range is 500–1280 m.</p> <p>The known geographical distribution of Tantilla gottei is from the upper Río Choluteca drainage, in the vicinity of the capital city of Tegucigalpa, Francisco Morazán, east- and southeast-ward to the south-central portion of the department of El Paraíso (Fig. 5) along the middle portion of the Río Choluteca. Anthropogenic alteration of forest habitats in recent times has further isolated these localities. In addition, most of those surviving pine forests are burned on an annual basis. Those repeated burnings serve to have a permanent drying effect on those burned areas. Therefore, T. gottei should be considered an endangered species.</p> <p>Etymology. —The name gottei is a patronymic noun honoring Steve W. Gotte, a long-time friend of the first author, who also made several field trips with JRM to Honduras. Steve has also been a long-term employee of the US Department of Interior at the National Museum of Natural History in Washington, DC, and most recently in Suitland, Maryland.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5F621551103FFFB8FBB1F9B1FB9A6A14	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	McCranie, James R.;Smith, Eric N.	McCranie, James R., Smith, Eric N. (2017): A Review of the Tantilla taeniata Species Group (Reptilia: Squamata: Colubridae: Colubrinae) in Honduras, with the Description of Three New Species. Herpetologica 73 (4): 338-348, DOI: 10.1655/Herpetologica-D-16-00080.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1655/herpetologica-d-16-00080.1
5F6215511032FFBBFF10FEB8FCA76D22.text	5F6215511032FFBBFF10FEB8FCA76D22.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tantilla taeniata	<div><p>KEY TO THE HONDURAN SPECIES OF THE TANTILLA TAENIATA SPECIES GROUP AND THE GUATEMALAN SPECIES T. TAENIATA (AS RESTRICTED TO SOUTHEASTERN GUATEMALA BY CAMPBELL 1998 AND HEREIN)</p> <p>1. A. Pale vertebral stripe confined to vertebral row throughout its length; maximum known total length more than 500 mm..................................... T. impensa</p> <p>B. Pale vertebral stripe variable; maximum known total length less than 450 mm............................................. 2</p> <p>2. A. Pale vertebral stripe reduced to series of dashes confined to middle of vertebral row.......... T. olŋmpia</p> <p>B. Pale vertebral stripe complete, restricted to vertebral row, or extending onto edges of paravertebral rows................................................................................... 3</p> <p>3. A. Pale vertebral stripe confined to vertebral scale row on at least anterior half of body.......... T. stenigrammi</p> <p>B. Pale vertebral stripe extending onto edges of paravertebral scale rows throughout its length................ 4</p> <p>4. A. Ventral surfaces some shade of red............................ 5</p> <p>B. Ventral surfaces yellow or white................................ 6</p> <p>5. A. Ventrals 141–152 in males, 150 in known female.............................................................................. T. taeniata</p> <p>B. Ventrals 153–163 in males, 154–161 in females................................................................................ T. psittaca</p> <p>6. A. Pale nuchal collar divided; ventrals 157 in one male, 155–161 in two females; máximum known total length 273 mm.................................................... T. tritaeniata</p> <p>B. Pale nuchal collar complete; ventrals variable; máximum known total length more than 300 mm........... 7</p> <p>7. A. Ventrals 169 in one male, 161–178 in two females............................................................................. T. excelsa</p> <p>B. Ventrals 142–158 in both sexes combined.... T. gottei</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5F6215511032FFBBFF10FEB8FCA76D22	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	McCranie, James R.;Smith, Eric N.	McCranie, James R., Smith, Eric N. (2017): A Review of the Tantilla taeniata Species Group (Reptilia: Squamata: Colubridae: Colubrinae) in Honduras, with the Description of Three New Species. Herpetologica 73 (4): 338-348, DOI: 10.1655/Herpetologica-D-16-00080.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1655/herpetologica-d-16-00080.1
