taxonID	type	description	language	source
03AB0E3FFFA5B14BE9AE8CD196EFFBD3.taxon	description	(Table 2; Figs. 1 – 3, 5)	en	Lourenço-De-Moraes, Ricardo, Lisboa, Barnagleison Silva, Oliveira Drummond, Leandro De, De Melo Moura, Carina Carneiro, Barbosa De Moura, Geraldo Jorge (2021): A New Species of the Genus Adelophrŋne (Anura: Eleutherodactylidae: Phyzelaphryninae) From the Atlantic Forest of Northeastern Brazil. Herpetologica 77 (2), No. 2: 164-175, DOI: 10.1655/herpetologica-d-20-00022.1
03AB0E3FFFA5B14BE9AE8CD196EFFBD3.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. — Adult male (MUFAL 11771; Fig. 1) collected by B. S. Lisboa on 29 September 2013 in a forested area at the Mata da Bananeira, Estação Ecológica de Murici (09 ° 12 ′ 45.72 ′′ S, 35 ° 52 ′ 21.75 ′′ W; 597 m a. s. l.), municipality of Murici (ESEC Murici), Alagoas State, Brazil. Paratypes. — Three adult females (CHP UFRPE 3005, 3007, 3009) and two adult males (CHP UFRPE 3006, 3008) collected by C. C. M. Moura and E. B. F. Lisboa from the municipality of Cabo de Santo Agostinho (08 ° 17 ′ S, 35 ° 2 ′ W; 29 m a. s. l.), Pernambuco State, Brazil; six adult males (MUFAL 10850, 11064, 11767 – 11770) and one adult female (MUFAL 10851) from the holotype locality collected by B. S. Lisboa; and one adult male (ZUFMS-AMP 13680), one adult female (ZUFMS-AMP 13679), and two juveniles (ZUFMS-AMP 1367 and AMP 1368) collected by L. O. Drummond, M. Wachlevski, M. Almeida-Gomes, M. Almeida-Santos, and P. Nogueira-Costa from the Reserva Biológica Guaribas (REBIO Guaribas; 06 ° 43 ′ S, 35 ° 10 ′ W; 118 m a. s. l.) in the municipality of Mamanguape, Paraíba State, Brazil.	en	Lourenço-De-Moraes, Ricardo, Lisboa, Barnagleison Silva, Oliveira Drummond, Leandro De, De Melo Moura, Carina Carneiro, Barbosa De Moura, Geraldo Jorge (2021): A New Species of the Genus Adelophrŋne (Anura: Eleutherodactylidae: Phyzelaphryninae) From the Atlantic Forest of Northeastern Brazil. Herpetologica 77 (2), No. 2: 164-175, DOI: 10.1655/herpetologica-d-20-00022.1
03AB0E3FFFA5B14BE9AE8CD196EFFBD3.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. — The new species is included in the subfamily Phyzelaphryninae due to the combination of the presence of apically pointed digits, terminal digits either barely or not expanded (Hedges et al. 2008), and SVL not exceeding 23.0 mm (MacCulloch et al. 2008). The new species can be distinguished from species in the genus Phŋzelaphrŋne by not having subarticular tubercles under the fingers, which are usually present in Phŋzelaphrŋne (Hoogmoed and Lescure 1984; Hedges et al. 2008). The generic assignment of Adelophrŋne nordestina sp. nov. is based on the combination of possession of a head narrower than the body; small size; cranial crests absent; with subdigital pads and mucronate tip on the fingers I, II, III, and IV; toes I, II, III, IV, and V with subarticular tubercles, discs, and mucronate tips; terminal phalanges of toes and fingers Tshaped (Hoogmoed and Lescure 1984); and its molecular phylogenetic position (Fig. 4). The new taxon is differentiated by the following combination of character states: (1) SVL less than 13.0 mm (males, 10.3 – 11.8 mm; females, 12.2 – 13.0 mm); (2) tympanum small, distinct with a visible membrane (Fig. 1 B); (3) tympanic annulus present (Fig. 1 B); (4) absence of a distinct glandular ridge that runs from the posterior part of the eye to the insertion of the forelimb (Fig. 1 B); (5) dentigerous processes of vomers absent; (6) fingers without terminal discs or circumferential grooves, and fingers with mucronate tips (Fig. 1 C); (7) toes with terminal discs or circumferential grooves and mucronate tips (Fig. 1 D); (8) Finger IV with three phalanges (Fig. 2 A); (9) subdigital pads present under fingers; (10) subarticular tubercles present under toes (Fig. 1 D and 3 A); (11) skin of dorsum smooth (Fig. 3 A); (12) skin of belly smooth (Fig. 3 B); (13) anal flap absent; (14) advertisement call composed of one note; (15) call note pulsed with side bands; and (16) high dominant frequency. Phylogenetic analyses. — The consensus of the BI trees and best ML tree resulted in a similar topology supporting the monophyly of genus Adelophrŋne (ML bootstrap ¼ 95 % and BI posterior probability ¼ 100 %; Fig. 4). All populations of A. nordestina sp. nov. clustered together in a wellsupported clade (ML bootstrap and BI posterior probability ¼ 100 %) inserted in the North Atlantic Forest Clade (NAFC; sensu Fouquet et al. 2012) with high support values (ML bootstrap and BI posterior probability ¼ 100 %). The relationships among species within the NAFC were not always strongly supported. Adelophrŋne nordestina sp. nov. was recovered as sister to A. sp. 2. (sensu Fouquet et al. 2012), but with nonsignificant support values in both inferences, and to form a clade with A. michelin (MI bootstrap ¼ 77 % and BI posterior probability ¼ 99 %). Adelophrŋne baturitensis and A. maranguapensis were recovered as sister species (MI bootstrap ¼ 79 % and BI posterior probability ¼ 100) and sister to a clade containing A. nordestina sp. nov. þ A. sp 2 þ A. michelin (Fig. 4). The uncorrected pairwise distances for the 16 S rRNA gene within A. nordestina sp. nov. ranged between 3.5 and 3.6 % (Table 3). The results of uncorrected pairwise distances of A. nordestina sp. nov. compared to other species of the genus ranged between 9.6 and 25.9 %, being lowest between Adelophrŋne nordestina sp. nov. from the municipality of Caruaru, Pernambuco State, and A. michelin from the municipality of Igrapiuna, Bahia State (Table 3).	en	Lourenço-De-Moraes, Ricardo, Lisboa, Barnagleison Silva, Oliveira Drummond, Leandro De, De Melo Moura, Carina Carneiro, Barbosa De Moura, Geraldo Jorge (2021): A New Species of the Genus Adelophrŋne (Anura: Eleutherodactylidae: Phyzelaphryninae) From the Atlantic Forest of Northeastern Brazil. Herpetologica 77 (2), No. 2: 164-175, DOI: 10.1655/herpetologica-d-20-00022.1
03AB0E3FFFA5B14BE9AE8CD196EFFBD3.taxon	description	Description of the holotype. — Adult male, SVL 11.6 mm (Fig. 1). Snout rounded, slightly triangular in dorsal view (Fig. 1 A) and pointed, slightly rounded in lateral view (Fig. 1 B). ETSD slightly larger than ED. END smaller than IND. Nostrils ovoid, not protruding. IND slightly smaller than IOD. Canthus rostralis indistinct, loreal region slightly concave. Choanae small, round, located laterally. Dentigerous processes absent. Tongue ovoid, free except for anterior margin. Pupil horizontally oval. Upper eyelid slightly convex. Temporal region vertical. Tympanum small, 35 % of ED, annulus distinct and complete. Skin texture of venter, dorsum, and limbs smooth; flanks and ventral region of thighs areolate. Anal flap absent, cloacal opening horizontally positioned at slightly below the level of dorsal surface of thigh. Fingers without disks and with mucronate tips. Fingers thin, short, and without webbing. Relative finger lengths I <IV <II <III (Fig. 1 C). Phalangeal formula 2 – 2 – 3 – 3 (Fig. 2 B). Fingers and palm surrounded by narrow strip of transparent skin. Subarticular tubercles absent, with round subdigital pads, formula 1 – 2 – 3 – 2, pads absent under ultimate phalanges and no supernumerary tubercles. Inner metacarpal tubercle ovoid. Outer metacarpal tubercle round, slightly larger than inner. Toes without webbing, cylindrical, slightly flattened. Relative toe lengths I <II <V <III <IV. Toes I, II, III, and IV with discs and mucronate tips; Toe V with circumferential grooves and without mucronate tips (Fig. 1 D). Phalangeal formula 2 – 2 – 3 – 4 – 3 (Fig. 2 A). Skin transparent on distal portion of toes. Subarticular tubercles present, formula 1 – 1 – 2 – 3 – 1, absent under ultimate phalanges. No supernumerary tubercles. Inner metatarsal tubercle oval. Outer metatarsal tubercle rounded, smaller than inner. Measurements are summarized in Table 2. Color of the holotype. — In life, venter dark with many small orange and red dots; gular region with yellow and blue dots. Throat and underside of thighs and shanks orange. Dorsum orange with some dots. Upper eyelid and canthus rostralis gold. Loreal region dark brown, with a dark brown stripe extending along flank and reaching groin, with many small orange, red, and yellow dots. Thigh and tibia with numerous dark brown dots of various sizes. Iris reddish with black reticulations (Fig. 3). In preservative, color pattern remains visible, but colors darken. Variation. — The type series varies in dorsal coloration in life (Fig. 5), ranging from black, brown, gold, to red. Some individuals have a dark brown interorbital V-shaped marking. Forelimbs reddish in some individuals. The coloration of the venter is dark and shows in some individuals scattered white or blue spots. Males are smaller than females (SVL of males, 10.3 – 11.8 mm; females, 12.2 – 13.0 mm). Morphometric variation is summarized in Table 2.	en	Lourenço-De-Moraes, Ricardo, Lisboa, Barnagleison Silva, Oliveira Drummond, Leandro De, De Melo Moura, Carina Carneiro, Barbosa De Moura, Geraldo Jorge (2021): A New Species of the Genus Adelophrŋne (Anura: Eleutherodactylidae: Phyzelaphryninae) From the Atlantic Forest of Northeastern Brazil. Herpetologica 77 (2), No. 2: 164-175, DOI: 10.1655/herpetologica-d-20-00022.1
03AB0E3FFFA5B14BE9AE8CD196EFFBD3.taxon	etymology	Etymology. — The name of the new species nordestina is a Portuguese feminine adjective meaning ‘‘ from the northeast, ’’ referring to its distribution in northeastern Brazil.	en	Lourenço-De-Moraes, Ricardo, Lisboa, Barnagleison Silva, Oliveira Drummond, Leandro De, De Melo Moura, Carina Carneiro, Barbosa De Moura, Geraldo Jorge (2021): A New Species of the Genus Adelophrŋne (Anura: Eleutherodactylidae: Phyzelaphryninae) From the Atlantic Forest of Northeastern Brazil. Herpetologica 77 (2), No. 2: 164-175, DOI: 10.1655/herpetologica-d-20-00022.1
03AB0E3FFFA5B14BE9AE8CD196EFFBD3.taxon	description	Advertisement call. — The advertisement call of A. nordestina sp. nov. (Table 4 and Fig. 6) is composed of one single note formed by 2 – 6 pulses (3.98 ± 0.86). Call duration has a mean of 0.042 ± 0.009 s (0.025 – 0.065 s). The calls are emitted with intervals of 3.020 ± 1.96 s (0.342 – 17.552 s). The lower frequency has a mean of 5074.3 ± 165.7 Hz (4737 – 5340 Hz), the upper frequency has a mean of 6136.6 ± 221.4 Hz (5943 – 6891 Hz), and the dominant frequency has a mean of 5689.1 ± 78.6 Hz (5512 – 5857 Hz). The apparent harmonics observed in the spectrogram are sidebands (Fig. 6 B), an artifact generated by the pulsatile nature of the call (Vielliard 1993). Sidebands were also reported for the advertisement calls of A. mucronata (Lourenço-de-Moraes et al. 2012) and A. maranguapensis (Cassiano-Lima et al. 2014).	en	Lourenço-De-Moraes, Ricardo, Lisboa, Barnagleison Silva, Oliveira Drummond, Leandro De, De Melo Moura, Carina Carneiro, Barbosa De Moura, Geraldo Jorge (2021): A New Species of the Genus Adelophrŋne (Anura: Eleutherodactylidae: Phyzelaphryninae) From the Atlantic Forest of Northeastern Brazil. Herpetologica 77 (2), No. 2: 164-175, DOI: 10.1655/herpetologica-d-20-00022.1
03AB0E3FFFA5B14BE9AE8CD196EFFBD3.taxon	distribution	Distribution and natural history. — Adelophrŋne nordestina sp. nov. is known from interior Atlantic Forest fragments in Alagoas, Pernambuco, and Paraíba states, Brazil (Fig. 7). These fragments of forest are located in the Pernambuco Endemism Center (Prance 1982), a region very threatened by deforestation and the least studied part of the Atlantic Forest domain, located near the northern portion of the São Francisco River (Tabarelli et al. 2006). Adelophrŋne nordestina sp. nov. is a cryptic species associated with leaf litter. In the type locality (ESEC Murici), individuals of A. nordestina sp. nov. were generally found in humid sites with abundant leaf litter having a depth of 10 – 30 cm. In Pernambuco and Paraíba states, the new species was found in similar habitat conditions as in the type locality. This species is common and active during the day, and its reproduction period appears to be continuous because males were found calling continuously from January to December at temperatures between 21 and 26 ° C. Calling males were found under leaves. The daily vocalization period began around 0830 h, with activity reaching its peak between 1130 h and 1330 h, and usually ending around 1730 h (sunset). Some individuals were observed calling until 2200 h during rain events. The vocalization of one male would often stimulate neighboring males to call, resulting in synchronized alternation in the emission of vocalizations. Egg clutches or females with oocytes were not found.	en	Lourenço-De-Moraes, Ricardo, Lisboa, Barnagleison Silva, Oliveira Drummond, Leandro De, De Melo Moura, Carina Carneiro, Barbosa De Moura, Geraldo Jorge (2021): A New Species of the Genus Adelophrŋne (Anura: Eleutherodactylidae: Phyzelaphryninae) From the Atlantic Forest of Northeastern Brazil. Herpetologica 77 (2), No. 2: 164-175, DOI: 10.1655/herpetologica-d-20-00022.1
03AB0E3FFFA5B14BE9AE8CD196EFFBD3.taxon	discussion	Comparisons with other species. — Adelophrŋne nordestina sp. nov. is distinguished from all other Adelophrŋne species, except A. baturitensis, by the presence of subarticular tubercles under the toes (subdigital pads in other species). Adelophrŋne nordestina sp. nov. is distinguished from A. glandulata, A. meridionalis, and A. michelin by having a distinct tympanum and tympanic annulus present (indistinct in the other species). Adelophrŋne nordestina sp. nov. is distinguished by having smaller body size (maximum SVL, 13.0 mm) than A. adiastola (maximum SVL, 14.0 mm), A. mucronata (maximum SVL, 14.9 mm), A. baturitensis (maximum SVL, 16.3 mm), A. gutturosa (maximum SVL, 16.0 mm), A. maranguapensis (maximum SVL, 17.4 mm), and A. patamona (maximum SVL, 23.0 mm). Adelophrŋne nordestina sp. nov. is distinguished from A. baturitensis, A. maranguapensis and A. patamona by the absence of discs or circumferential grooves on fingers (present in these species). The new species is further distinguished from A. glandulata and A. gutturosa by the absence of a distinct glandular ridge that runs from the posterior part of the eye to the insertion of the forelimb (present in these species). Adelophrŋne nordestina sp. nov. is distinguished from A. adiastola, A. baturitensis, A. maranguapensis, A. meridionalis, A. michelin, A. mucronata, A. pachŋdactŋla, and A. patamona by lacking dentigerous processes of vomers (present in these species). Adelophrŋne nordestina sp. nov. is distinguished from A. adiastola, A. glandulata, A. meridionalis, A. michelin, and A. pachŋdactŋla by having three phalanges in Finger IV (two phalanges in these species). Adelophrŋne nordestina sp. nov. is distinguished from A. adiastola, A. glandulata, A. mucronata, and A. patamona by having the dorsum with smooth skin (vs. shagreened to granular in A. adiastola, shagreened with small and rounded granules in A. glandulata, smooth with scattered small granules in A. mucronata, and tuberculated in A. patamona). Adelophrŋne nordestina sp. nov. is distinguished from A. meridionalis by having Toes II, III, and IV with circumferential grooves and discs (vs. only Toe IV with circumferential grooves in A. meridionalis). Adelophrŋne nordestina sp. nov. is distinguished from A. mucronata and A. maranguapensis by the absence of an anal flap (present in these species). The advertisement call of 5 of the 10 recognized species in the genus Adelophrŋne has been described, namely, A. adiastola (erroneously reported as Phŋzelaphrŋne miriamae in Heyer 1977), A. gutturosa (MacCulloch et al. 2008), A. maranguapensis (Cassiano-Lima et al. 2014), A. mucronata (Lourenço-de-Moraes et al. 2012), and A. patamona (MacCulloch et al. 2008). The advertisement call of A. nordestina sp. nov. differs from these other Adelophrŋne species by having the highest mean dominant frequency, with 5551 Hz (3200 – 5290 Hz in other species; Table 5). The advertisement call of A. nordestina sp. nov. differs from A. gutturosa, A. maranguapensis, and A. patamona by being formed of one single pulsed note (more than one note per call in these species). The call duration in A. nordestina sp. nov. (mean ¼ 0.042 ± 0.009 s) is shorter than that of A. adiastola (mean ¼ 0.24 s), A. gutturosa (mean ¼ 1.27 s), A. maranguapensis (mean ¼ 0.798 ± 0.159 s), and A. patamona (mean ¼ 0.63 s) but is longer than that of A. mucronata (mean ¼ 0.029.5 ± 0.004 s). The advertisement call of A. nordestina sp. nov. is most similar to that of A. mucronata because both are composed of one single note per call and have the dominant frequency above 5200 Hz, but the call of A. nordestina sp. nov. differs by having a pulsed call structure (nonpulsed in A. mucronata).	en	Lourenço-De-Moraes, Ricardo, Lisboa, Barnagleison Silva, Oliveira Drummond, Leandro De, De Melo Moura, Carina Carneiro, Barbosa De Moura, Geraldo Jorge (2021): A New Species of the Genus Adelophrŋne (Anura: Eleutherodactylidae: Phyzelaphryninae) From the Atlantic Forest of Northeastern Brazil. Herpetologica 77 (2), No. 2: 164-175, DOI: 10.1655/herpetologica-d-20-00022.1
