identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03D1AF6EFFF4FF80C725EA44FDD426AF.text	03D1AF6EFFF4FF80C725EA44FDD426AF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Royacanthops Moulin & Schwarz 2023	<div><p>Genus Royacanthops n. gen.</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: CC74D1E3-2BF9-43F5-9518-6AE389CFE63C</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — Acanthops soukana Roy, 2002 by original designation.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. — Habitus typical for the subfamily, brown, resembling a dry leaf, with a slender pronotum as in Plesiacanthops and Miracanthops. Both sexes with convex vertex and prominent, tuberculate juxtaocular bulges; frontal shield with two projections on dorsal margin; pronotum long and relatively slender, with tuberculate prozona and two pairs of stronger tubercles anterior and posterior to supracoxal sulcus, respectively; dorsal margin of forefemora with a small but distinct basal lobe; spination formula of the foreleg F = 4DS/15-19AvS/6PvS; T = 17-22AvS/20-23PvS; forewings with costal margin strongly sinuate; alae shorter than tegmina; abdominal tergites with remarkably large foliaceous lobes; abdominal sternites with three posterior lobes; cerci short, the last segment flattened and indented, with the outer lobe just slightly larger than the inner lobe.</p> <p>Male. Pronotum with lateral margins of the metazona slightly produced, forming a distinct expansion along its length; walking-leg femora with rounded genicular lobes; subapical margin of forewings with a small but distinct lobe; alae with a triangular apex; genitalia with acute bl, a sinistrally re-curved sdp, a simple, serrated afa, and a large loa consisting of two lobes.</p> <p>Female. Pronotum with teeth along margin of the metazona; walkingleg femora with acute genicular lobes.</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. — Taxon named after Roger Roy (MNHN), for his most valuable work on Mantodea systematics.</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION. — Brazil, French Guiana (Fig. 21).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D1AF6EFFF4FF80C725EA44FDD426AF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Moulin, Nicolas;Schwarz, Christian J.	Moulin, Nicolas, Schwarz, Christian J. (2023): Two new genera of Acanthopidae (Mantodea) from the Amazon region, with description of a new species. Zoosystema 45 (5): 137-161, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2023v45a5
03D1AF6EFFF4FF8DC6C2EE20FE362757.text	03D1AF6EFFF4FF8DC6C2EE20FE362757.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Royacanthops soukana (Roy 2002) Moulin & Schwarz 2023	<div><p>Royacanthops soukana (Roy, 2002) n. comb. (Figs 1-5; 19-21)</p> <p>Acanthops soukana Roy, 2002a: 297.</p> <p>TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype • ♀; French Guiana, Route de Kaw, pk36, IX.1999; F. Luquet leg.; battage; MNHN-EP-EP2424.</p> <p>OTHER MATERIAL. — French Guiana • 1 ♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=4.741945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-52.43139" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 4.741945/lat -52.43139)">Roura</a>; Montagne des Chevaux; 52°25’53”S, 4°44’31”E; alt. 45 m; 7.VII.2018; Société Entomologique Antilles-Guyane (SEAG) team; PVB (PolyVie Blue trap); genitalia preparation NM0217; BOLD GFMAN18-049; MNHN-EP-EP7504.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY. — French Guiana.</p> <p>EMENDED DIAGNOSIS. — Body coloration dark brown in males, pale brown in female.</p> <p>Female. Pronotum with moderately marked supracoxal dilatation, metazona with small triangular teeth; costal margin on forewings strongly sinuate, with large triangular subapical and a markedly short apical lobe.</p> <p>Male. Tegmina only slightly longer than alae. Male genitalia: sdp of ventral phallomere very elongate, re-curved to the left, and with several teeth at its base. Bl of ventral phallomere elongate, with acute apex curved to the left; afa, loa, and ventral lamina as in R. confusa Schwarz &amp; Moulin, n. gen., n. sp.; paa curved, with a subapical process, rendering the whole structure hammerhead-like.</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p>Male (Figs 1-4)</p> <p>Measurements (n = 1). Body length 40.7; antenna length 8-8.9; head length 3.7; head width 4.7; pronotum length 13.2; prozona length 3.6; metazona length 12.6; pronotum width 2.9; ratio pronotum width/length 0.22; ratio metazona/ prozona 3.5; prothoracic coxa length 6.8; prothoracic femur length 10.3; prothoracic femur width 2.3; prothoracic tibia length 6.3; mesothoracic femur length 5.8; mesothoracic tibia length 5.8; metathoracic femur length 6.7; metathoracic tibia length 7.1; forewing length 30.3; forewing width 9.7; costal field width 4.8; ratio forewing length/width 3.1; ratio forewing/pronotum 2.3; hindwing length 29.6.</p> <p>Coloration and habitus. Body and wings brown, resembling a dry leaf.</p> <p>Head (Fig. 2A). Triangular in frontal view, spotted with dark, without projections.Antennae moniliform, shorter than body, bearing black setae; scape and pedicel ochraceous; flagellum black. Vertex convex, higher than compound eyes, with small tubercles. Juxtaocular bulges protruding, with several small tubercles. Eyes rounded, with a small dorsolateral process. Lower frons wider than high, with two small projections on upper margin.</p> <p>Pronotum (Fig. 2C). Elongate, light brown with brown spots and a pair of darker spots at around two-thirds of the metazona. Prozona with smooth margins, and armed with four pairs of pointed tubercles, growing larger from front to back. Metazona with a fine and sparse denticulation along its lateral margins; armed at the posterior end of supracoxal dilatation with two paramedian conical tubercles with a blunt point.</p> <p>Prothoracic legs (Fig. 2D, E). Same coloration as head and pronotum. Coxae rectangular, prism-shaped in cross-section, with two small black tubercles on posteroventral side; 13-14 small ochraceous dorsal spines. Trochanter slightly granular. Femora triangular in cross-section, spotted, with 6 posteroventral spines; margin between spines crenelated; 15 anteroventral spines, and 4 discoidal spines, all spines dark brown; claw-groove at basal fourth of femur, with an obtuse angulation towards the base of the external margin. Tibiae dark brown, spotted; 21-22 posteroventral spines, all dark brown at the tip, tightly arranged and decumbent; 19 dark brown, separated anteroventral spines; first tarsomere longer than remaining tarsomeres together.</p> <p>Meso- and metathoracic legs. All segments setose. Coxae robust, relatively long. Femora slightly widened, with a deeply concave ventral margin, accommodating tibia when at rest; genicular lobes short and rounded. Tibiae darker, slightly arched, mesothoracic tibiae distinctly swollen in the basal half, metathoracic tibiae for almost two thirds of their length, with a very short apical lobe and two black terminal spines; tarsi with first tarsomere shorter than next four together.</p> <p>Wings (Figs 1; 2B). Forewings subopaque, brown, resembling dry leaves, with the postero-apical region more hyaline; costal area brown, slightly darker, opaque; costal area strongly sinuated, widest at about first quarter of wing, then convexly tapering towards Subcostal posterior at apical third of wing; subapical lobe weakly developed; stigma pale, almost hyaline. Hindwings with an ochraceous, spotted costal area; proximal part of discoidal and anal areas smoky; discoidal area with a well-developed apical lobe and two smaller lobes posteriad.</p> <p>Abdomen (Fig. 3). Light brown, fusiform, shorter than wings; tergites 3 and 4 with thin lateral extensions; tergites 5 and 6 with large lateral, irregularly toothed lobes, more developed on tergite 5; tergites 7 and 8 with small lateral lobes. Supraanal plate deeply indented, bearing short cerci, the last segment flattened and indented, with the outer lobe larger than the inner lobe. Sternites each with a median and two paramedian lobes at posterior margin. Subgenital plate with two small styli.</p> <p>Genitalia (Fig. 4). L4A longer than wide; sdp very elongate and re-curved, with acute apex and with several small denticles at the base; bl on right site of ventral phallomere well developed, elongate, thin, with truncate apex and a sclerotized acute process pointing to the left. L4B with afa sclerotized, distally more so, short, with several sclerotized spines; loa setose, anterior lobe with elongate setae, posterior lobe with roughly triangular apex, indented on the left side; paa curved at the end, with a subapical digitiform process rendering the apex hammerhead-shaped. Ventral lamina longer than wide, with a wide sclerotized area; R3 with digitiform pia bearing several sclerotized teeth, and a well sclerotized pva.</p> <p>Female</p> <p>See Roy (2002a) (Fig. 5).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D1AF6EFFF4FF8DC6C2EE20FE362757	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Moulin, Nicolas;Schwarz, Christian J.	Moulin, Nicolas, Schwarz, Christian J. (2023): Two new genera of Acanthopidae (Mantodea) from the Amazon region, with description of a new species. Zoosystema 45 (5): 137-161, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2023v45a5
03D1AF6EFFF9FF95C6D6EE40FBC224F5.text	03D1AF6EFFF9FF95C6D6EE40FBC224F5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Royacanthops confusa Schwarz & Moulin 2023	<div><p>Royacanthops confusa Schwarz &amp; Moulin, n. sp. (Figs 6-13; 21)</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7BEBAD4B-13FE-4598-939E-18638541100E</p> <p>Acanthops parva Lombardo &amp; Ippolito 2004: 1091, figs 19 B, D, F; 20 A; 21 A, B; 22 A, B, D, E (nec Beier 1942: 147).</p> <p>TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype. Brazil • ♂; Reg. Roraima; Xixuau Reserve, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.0/lat 1.0)">Rio Jauaperi</a>; 1°0’0”N, 61°0’0”W; 27.XII.1995; K. Joss leg.; genitalia preparation Schwarz No. 524; ex. SMNK, to be deposited in the MZUSP.</p> <p>Allotype. Brazil • ♀; N Brazil; Reg. Roraima; Xixuau Reserve, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.0/lat 1.0)">Rio Jauaperi</a>; 1°0’0”N, 61°0’0”W; 27.XII.1995; K. Joss leg.; SMNKMant 00006.</p> <p>Paratype. Brazil • ♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-60.009724&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.08" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -60.009724/lat -3.08)">Reserva Ducke</a>, Manaus; 3°4’48”S, 60°0’35”W; obtained by fogging; 15.VI.-30.VII.1992; W. Paarmann leg.; genitalia preparation Schwarz No. 595; SMNK-Mant 00003.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY. — Xixuau Reserve, Roraima, Brazil.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. — Body coloration dark brown in males, pale brown in female.</p> <p>Female. Pronotum with distinctly marked supracoxal dilatation, metazona with rounded, thick teeth. Costal margin on forewings strongly sinuate, with triangular subapical and digitiform apical lobe. Male. Tegmina longer than alae. Genitalia with sdp of ventral phallomere very elongate, re-curved to the left, and with several teeth at the base; bl of ventral phallomere elongate, with blunt apex possessing a short spine pointing distally. Left phallomere with afa sclerotized, short, with acute apex and several sclerotized spines along its length; loa setose, anterior lobe with elongate setae, posterior lobe with roughly triangular apex, indented on the left side; paa curved distad, without subapical process, apex digitiform. Ventral lamina longer than wide, with a wide sclerotized area.</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. — The specific epithet alludes to the fact that this taxon has been confused with three other acanthopine taxa by four different Mantodea scholars in the past, until it was finally recognized as new.</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p>Male (Figs 6; 7; 9A, B; 10A, B; 11 A-D; 13)</p> <p>Measurements (n = 2). Body length 36.1-41.6; antenna length 8.6-10.9; head length 3.5-3.9; head width 4.4-5.2; pronotum length 12.3-14.0; prozona length 3.1-3.5; metazona length 9.2-10.5; pronotum width 2.7-3.4; ratio pronotum width/ length 0.22-0.24; ratio metazona/prozona 3.0; prothoracic coxa length 7.5-8.2; prothoracic femur length 9.7-10.7; prothoracic femur width 2.2-2.4; prothoracic tibia length 7.8-8.2; mesothoracic femur length 5.7-6.5; mesothoracic tibia length 6.2-7.2; metathoracic femur length 6.7-7.4; metathoracic tibia length 7.8-8.9; forewing length 27.6-35.4; forewing width 9.5-11.6; costal field width 4.2-5.3; ratio forewing length/ width 2.9-3.0; ratio forewing/pronotum 2.2-2.5; hindwing length 26.2-33.3.</p> <p>New genera and new species of Acanthopidae (Mantodea)</p> <p>Coloration and habitus (Figs 6; 7). Body and wings brown, resembling a dry leaf.</p> <p>Head (Fig. 9A, B). Triangular in frontal view, tuberculate, spotted with dark, without projections. Antennae moniliform, shorter than body, of general body color, segments darkened apically, flagellum bearing darkened setae. Vertex convex, higher than compound eyes, with small tubercles. Juxtaocular bulges protruding, with several small tubercles. Eyes ovoid, rounded anteriorly, with a small, conical, dorsolateral process. Lower frons wider than high, with two small projections on upper margin.</p> <p>Pronotum (Fig. 10A, B). Elongate, light brown with brown spots and a pair of darker spots at around two-thirds of the metazona. Prozona with smooth margins, and armed with three pairs of pointed tubercles, growing larger from front to back, and 1-2 additional single tubercles. Metazona as in R. soukana (Roy, 2002) n. comb., with an indistinct, sparse denticulation on the lateral margins.</p> <p>Prothoracic legs (Fig. 11 A-D). Same coloration as head and pronotum. Coxae rectangular, prism-shaped in crosssection, with two little black tubercles on posteroventral side, and 16-17 small ochraceous dorsal spines of inequal size.Trochanter slightly granular. Femora triangular in crosssection, spotted, with 6 (rarely 7) posteroventral spines; margin between spines crenelated; dorsal margin almost smooth, with a small but distinct triangular lobe at base; 16 AvS, and 4 discoidal spines, all spines dark brown towards apex; claw-groove at basal fourth of femur. AvS configuration: holotype: IiIIiIiIiiiIiIiI (right) and IiIIiIiiIiIiiiIiI (left); paratype: IiIIiIiIiIiIiIiI. Tibiae dark brown, spotted; 20-22 posteroventral spines, all dark brown at the tip, decumbent; 17-18 anteroventral spines; first tarsomere longer than remaining tarsomeres together.</p> <p>Meso- and metathoracic legs (Figs 6B; 7B). As in R. soukana n. comb. All segments setose. Coxae robust, relatively long. Femora slightly widened, with a deeply concave ventral margin, accommodating tibia when at rest; genicular lobes short and rounded. Tibiae darker, slightly arched, mesothoracic tibiae distinctly swollen in the basal half, metathoracic tibiae for almost two thirds of their length, with a very short apical lobe and two terminal spines with black base; tarsi with first tarsomere shorter than next four together.</p> <p>Wings (Figs 6; 7). Forewings subopaque, brown, resembling dry leaves, with the postero-apical region more hyaline; costal area brown, slightly darker, opaque; costal area strongly sinuated, widest at about first quarter of wing, then convexly tapering towards Subcosta posterior at apical third of wing; subapical lobe weakly developed; stigma irregularly shaped, opaque, shiny. Hindwings with an ochraceous, spotted costal area; proximal part of discoidal and anal areas smoky; discoidal area with a well-developed apical lobe and two smaller lobes posteriad.</p> <p>Abdomen. Dark brown, fusiform, shorter than wings; tergites 3 and 4 with acute, triangular extensions; tergites 5 and 6 with large lateral, irregularly toothed lobes, more developed on tergite 5; tergites 7 to 9 with small subacute lobes. Supraanal plate deeply indented, bearing short 11-segmented cerci, first and last segment consisting of 3 and 2 fused segments, respectively. Apex of last segment flattened and indented (Fig. 13A, B), with the outer lobe larger than the inner lobe. Sternites each with a median and two paramedian lobes at posterior margin. Subgenital plate with two small, conical styli.</p> <p>Genitalia (Fig. 13C, D). Ventral phallomere (L4A) longer than wide; sdp very elongate and re-curved, with acute apex and with several small denticles at the base; bl on right site of ventral phallomere well developed, digitiform, with a very short spine accompanied by a yet shorter spine on the right apical margin. L4B with afa sclerotized, distally more so, short, with several sclerotized spines. Membranous lobe setose, anterior lobe with elongate setae, posterior lobe with roughly triangular apex, indented on the left side. Apical process digitiform, curved at the end. Right phallomere with pia bearing several sclerotized ridges, and a well sclerotized, L-shaped pva.</p> <p>REMARKS</p> <p>The two males from the SMNK correspond very well to the specimen from the ANSP investigated by Lombardo &amp; Ippolito (2004). The holotype from Roraima is distinctly larger than the two other known males, but agrees well in all other characters with the specimens from the lower Amazon. The paratype from Manaus has an aberrant configuration of posteroventral spines on the left femur (Fig. 11C). While the total spine number is six, the fifth spine is distinctly smaller than the others, and there is a callus between this spine and the sixth, where an additional spine was supposed to be. This spine seems to have been lost during postembryonic development. This specimen also has the right stylus shorter than the left one, a feature that is not apparent in the holotype (Fig. 13A, B).</p> <p>An interesting feature in most Acanthopoidea is the irregular size of bendable anteroventral spines. In most artimantodeans, the anteroventral row consists of short, rigid spines alternating with long, bendable spines (except the apical ones) (pers. obs.). In Acanthopoidea (except Angelidae Beier, 1935) the proximal 4-6 spines are arranged in two rows, with the medial (= inner) row consisting of bendable spines. As seen in the configurations here, the bendable spines in this group may be shorter than neighboring rigid spines.</p> <p>Female (Figs 8; 9C; 10C; 11E, F; 12)</p> <p>Measurements (n = 1). Body length 38.9; antenna length 5.7; head length 5.3; head width 5.8; pronotum length 15.0; prozona length 4.4; metazona length 10.6; pronotum width 4.8; ratio pronotum width/length 0.32; ratio metazona/prozona 2.4; prothoracic coxa length 10.4; prothoracic femur length 13.6; prothoracic femur width 3.5; prothoracic tibia length 10.6; mesothoracic femur length 7.2; mesothoracic tibia length 8.7; metathoracic femur length 8.7; metathoracic tibia length 10.9; forewing length 27.0; forewing width 7.4; costal field width 5.3; ratio forewing length/width 3.6; ratio forewing/pronotum 1.8; hindwing length 21.0.</p> <p>Coloration and habitus (Fig. 8). Body and wings light brown, resembling a dry, shriveled leaf.</p> <p>Head (Fig. 9C). Triangular in frontal view, without projections but tuberculate. Antennae moniliform, slightly longer than head, ochraceous, along first half of flagellum darkened at every second segment apex, in the second half at each segment. Vertex convex, slightly arched, higher than compound eyes, with four tubercles in a trapezoid arrangement. Juxtaocular bulges very large, protruding, with several distinct tubercles. Ocelli small. Eyes ovoid, with a blunt, triangular, dorsolateral process. Lower frons distinctly wider than high, with two small projections on upper margin.</p> <p>Pronotum (Fig. 10C). Elongate, tuberculate along its entire length, light brown with a pair of darker patches at around two-thirds of the metazona. Prozona with almost smooth margin, tuberculate, and with two pairs of robust paramedian projections, the posterior ones being larger. Supracoxal dilatation distinct, with subcircular margins. Metazona with parallel margins, 2.4 times as long as prozona, tuberculate, with a pair of robust paramedian projections at the posterior end of supracoxal dilatation and a pair of triangular projections at base; margins of metazona with thick, rounded teeth along their length.</p> <p>Prothoracic legs (Fig. 11E, F). Same coloration as head and pronotum. Coxae trapezoid in cross-section; anterior sides tuberculate, with numerous whitish spots; posteroventral side with a few robust tubercles, some of them darkened; ventral margin with an irregular row of inclined small teeth; dorsal margin with 6 stronger, pale teeth interspersed with smaller teeth; apical lobes contiguous. Trochanter tuberculate. Femora triangular in cross-section; posterior side with several tubercles, some of them darkened, with 6 posteroventral spines; margin between spines heavily crenelated. Dorsal margin crenelated, with a small but distinct, darkened, triangular lobe at base; anterior side densely covered with light ochraceous spots, with two interrupted darker bands at middle and across femoral brush, respectively, and with dark spots at bases of the larger antero-ventral spines; clawgroove at basal fourth of femur; 18-19 anteroventral spines and 4 discoidal spines with brown tips; AvS configuration IiIIiIiIiIiIiIiiiI (right) and IiIIiIiIiIiIiiIiiiI (left). Tibiae with convex dorsal margin, spotted with dark and with somewhat darker apex; 23 posteroventral, decumbent spines, plus an additional, vestigial, thin spine on left tibia located before the antepenultimate spine (Fig. 11E); all spines with dark tips; 20-22 anteroventral spines with dark tips, spines on right tibia showing some size anomalies towards apex. Tarsi broken off near base, remaining parts dark.</p> <p>Meso- and metathoracic legs (Fig. 8B). With slight pubescence. Coxae relatively long, heavily keeled, dorsal side concave, accommodating femur when at rest. Femora rectangular in cross section, slightly widened, with a deeply concave ventral margin, accommodating tibia when at rest; genicular lobes acute. Tibiae keeled, somewhat darker dorsally, slightly arched, mesothoracic pair distinctly swollen in the basal half, metathoracic pair for almost two thirds of their length, with a triangular apical lobe and two terminal spines. Tarsi darkened, with first tarsomere much shorter than the remaining tarsomeres taken together.</p> <p>Wings (Figs 8; 12). Forewings opaque, vein configuration resembling a dry leaf, spotted with brown, apical margin darkened; costal area strongly sinuated, widest near base, then convexly tapering towards Subcosta posterior at apical third of wing, then widening again into a triangular subapical lobe; Apex of forewing elongated into a digitiform lobe slightly widened at its end (apical half broken off on right tegmen); posterior margin of forewing subapically with three small lobes surrounding vein apices. Stigma triangular, shiny, light chestnut in color. Hindwings yellowish with dark apex; cells irregularly darkened in their middle, except those at base and along anterior margin of discoidal field; anal area relatively small; apex subtruncate, with slightly undulated margin.</p> <p>Abdomen (Fig. 8B). Brown, ovoid but appearing roughly circular due to lateral tergal lobes, shorter than wings.Tergites shiny, tergites 3-8 with a black band at posterior end, widest on tergite 4; tergites 3 and 4 with slender, triangular lateral lobes; tergites 5 and 6 each with a large, irregularly toothed, lateral lobe, more developed on tergite 5; tergites 7, 8 and 9 with small lateral lobes. Supraanal plate wider than long, deeply indented at apex. Cerci short, 11-segmented, the last segment flattened and indented, with the outer lobe only slightly larger than the inner lobe. Sternites each with a wide median and two acute paramedian lobes at posterior margin. Subgenital plate without peculiarities.</p> <p>New genera and new species of Acanthopidae (Mantodea)</p> <p>DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS</p> <p>Males of R. confusa Schwarz &amp; Moulin, n. gen., n. sp. can be distinguished from those of R. soukana (Roy, 2002) n. comb. by their comparatively shorter alae, a much weaker apical spine on bl pointing distad instead of sinistrad, and paa lacking a subapical lobe. Females of R. confusa Schwarz &amp; Moulin, n. gen., n. sp. can be distinguished from those of R. soukana (Roy, 2002) n. comb. by their more distinct and rounder supracoxal dilatation, the thick and rounded vs smaller triangular teeth on the metazonal margin, the flatter subapical lobe on the tegmen, and the long, digitiform (vs short triangular) apical lobe.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D1AF6EFFF9FF95C6D6EE40FBC224F5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Moulin, Nicolas;Schwarz, Christian J.	Moulin, Nicolas, Schwarz, Christian J. (2023): Two new genera of Acanthopidae (Mantodea) from the Amazon region, with description of a new species. Zoosystema 45 (5): 137-161, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2023v45a5
03D1AF6EFFE1FF94C5EAEDE1FB2224E7.text	03D1AF6EFFE1FF94C5EAEDE1FB2224E7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parvacanthops Schwarz & Moulin 2023	<div><p>Genus Parvacanthops Schwarz &amp; Moulin, n. gen.</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 3900125F-C6CC-4361-86F7-ACDC877892D9</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — Acanthops parva Beier, 1942.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. — Habitus similar to that of Plesiacanthops and Miracanthops, i.e., brown, resembling a dry leaf, with a slender pronotum and without subapical lobes on tegmina. Male with convex vertex armed by a paramedian pair of strong double tubercles; juxtaocular bulges moderately developed, tuberculate; frontal shield with two projections on dorsal margin; pronotum long and relatively slender, prozona with three pairs of tubercles, metazona without strong tubercles posterior of supracoxal sulcus; metazona of males with parallel margins, expansion along its length very indistinct in the anterior half, more developed in the posterior half; dorsal margin of forefemora with a very indistinct basal lobe; walking leg femora with subtriangular genicular lobes in males; forewings with very wide costal field gradually tapering towards apex; alae longer than tegmina in males, with a triangular apex; abdominal tergites with small triangular lobes; abdominal sternites with three posterior lobes; cerci short, the last segment flattened and indented, with the outer lobe just slightly larger than the inner lobe; genitalia with long bl curved to the left and with subacute apex, a long, dorso-dextrally curved sdp, a simple afa, and loa consisting of two rather small, setose lobes. Spination formula F=4DS/16AvS/6PvS; T=18AvS/24-25PvS.</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. — Name consisting of the Latin prefix “parv-“ (small) and “-acanthops”, alluding to the small body size when compared to other members of the group.</p> <p>DISTRIBUTION. — Brazil (Fig. 21).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D1AF6EFFE1FF94C5EAEDE1FB2224E7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Moulin, Nicolas;Schwarz, Christian J.	Moulin, Nicolas, Schwarz, Christian J. (2023): Two new genera of Acanthopidae (Mantodea) from the Amazon region, with description of a new species. Zoosystema 45 (5): 137-161, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2023v45a5
03D1AF6EFFE0FF93C569EDE2FD0127B4.text	03D1AF6EFFE0FF93C569EDE2FD0127B4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parvacanthops parva (Beier 1942) Moulin & Schwarz 2023	<div><p>Parvacanthops parva (Beier, 1942) n. comb. (Figs 14-18)</p> <p>Acanthops parva Beier, 1942: 147.</p> <p>TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype. Brazil • ♂; Tapajos,; genitalia preparation Schwarz No. 596; MIZ 125056; type number 5124 (only specimen known).</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY. — Tapajos, Pará, Brazil (Fig. 14B).</p> <p>REDESCRIPTION</p> <p>Male (Figs 14-18)</p> <p>Measurements (n = 1). Body length 32.0; head length 3.1; head width 3.8; pronotum length 10.7; prozona length 2.9; metazona length 7.8; pronotum width 2.7; ratio pronotum width/length 0.25; ratio metazona/prozona 2.7; prothoracic coxa length 6.5; prothoracic femur length 8.1; prothoracic femur width 1.7; prothoracic tibia length 6.3; mesothoracic femur length 5.1; mesothoracic tibia length 5.5; metathoracic femur length 5.9; metathoracic tibia length 6.8; forewing length 21.8; forewing width 7.8; costal field width 3.6; ratio forewing length/width 2.8; ratio forewing/pronotum 2.0; hindwing length 24.4.</p> <p>Coloration and habitus. Body and wings dark brown, resembling a dry leaf (Fig. 14A).</p> <p>Head (Fig. 15). Triangular in frontal view, with pale spots. Antennae missing. Vertex very convex, with two paramedian bicuspidate tubercles. Juxtaocular bulges moderately protruding, with several small tubercles. Eyes rounded, with a small dorsolateral tubercle located slightly mediad from lateral margin of eye. Lower frons wider than high, with two rather long conical projections on upper margin.</p> <p>Pronotum (Fig. 14A). Elongate, brown, mottled with dark brown and pale, pair of darker spots at two-thirds of the metazona indistinct in the type. Prozona with smooth margins, and armed with six pairs of pointed tubercles, growing larger from front to back. Metazona indistinctly tuberculate, with almost smooth lateral margins; lateral expansion very indistinct in anterior half, becoming slightly wider in posterior half.</p> <p>Prothoracic legs (Fig. 16). Same coloration as head and pronotum. Coxae rectangular, trapezoid in cross-section, with one or two stronger tubercles among scattered smaller tubercles on posteroventral side, and 15-18 very small dorsal spines of inequal size; anterior side with numerous pale spots. Trochanter slightly granular. Femora triangular in cross-section, spotted, with 6 posteroventral spines; margin between spines crenelated; dorsal margin almost smooth, with an indistinct lobe at base; 16 anteroventral spines, and 4 discoidal spines, large anteroventral spines with a dark spot around base. AvS configuration IiiIiIiIiIiIiIiI. Claw-groove at basal fourth of femur.Tibiae dark brown, spotted with pale; 24-25 decumbent, rather small posteroventral spines; 18 anteroventral spines; first tarsomere longer than remaining tarsomeres together.</p> <p>Meso- and metathoracic legs.Typical for the group.All segments setose. Coxae robust, relatively long. Femora slightly widened, with a deeply concave ventral margin, accommodating tibia when at rest; genicular lobes triangular. Tibiae slightly arched, mesothoracic tibiae indistinctly swollen in the basal half, metathoracic tibiae for almost two thirds of their length, with a very short apical lobe and two proximally black terminal spines; tarsi with first tarsomere shorter than next four taken together.</p> <p>Wings (Fig. 17). Forewings opaque, brown, resembling dry leaves, with the postero-apical region subopaque; costal field widest at about first quarter of wing, then tapering towards apex; forewing without subapical and apical lobes; stigma irregularly shaped, opaque, shiny. Hindwings with an ochraceous, spotted costal area; proximal two-thirds of discoidal and anal areas smoky; subapical part of hindwing subhyaline, apex subopaque; discoidal area with a distinct apical lobe.</p> <p>Abdomen. Dark brown, fusiform, shorter than wings; tergites with small triangular extensions. Supraanal plate deeply indented, bearing short 9-segmented cerci, first and last segment consisting of 3 and 2 fused segments, respectively. Apex of last segment flattened and indented (Fig. 18A), with the two lobes of roughly the same size. Sternites each with a median and two paramedian lobes at posterior margin. Subgenital plate with two small, conical styli.</p> <p>Genitalia (Fig. 18B). Ventral phallomere longer than wide; sdp very elongate, curved dorso-dextrad, with acute apex pointing antero-sinistrad; bl on right side of ventral phallomere well developed, digitiform, apical part curved sinistrad, with subacute apex. Left phallomere with a simple, sclerotized afa. Membranous lobe indistinctly setose, not well developed. Apical process digitiform, curved at the end. Right phallomere as in related species.</p> <p>REMARKS</p> <p>The holotype male is in relatively good condition, given its age and history. Pronotum, right femur, right hind leg, and abdomen are glued to the specimen, the latter with the ventral side up. The right forewing is also slightly damaged, and the antennae are missing. However, most taxonomically significant parts are still present.</p> <p>Female</p> <p>Unknown.</p> <p>DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES</p> <p>Royacanthops n. gen., Plesiacanthops, Miracanthops and Parvacanthops Schwarz &amp; Moulin, n. gen. are hypothesized here to represent a monophyletic unit. They are distinguished from other acanthopines by the following combination of characters: prominent juxtaocular bulges; metazona elongate, with parallel margins, in males with a distinct expansion along its length; weakly developed anterior lobe on forefemora; genicular lobes of walking leg femora short in males, more or less elongate in females; abdominal sternites with three posterior projections; and very long, sinuate sdp re-curved to the left (in Parvacanthops Schwarz &amp; Moulin, n. gen. the sdp is ellipsoid and curved dorso-dextrad, but the tip is slightly sinuate; we argue in favor of this condition being secondarily derived from the sinuate condition by an anterodorsal rotation of the sdp apex). The sinuate sdp, along with the lobate posterior margin of the female tegmen, is shared with Acanthops erosula Stål, 1877, which is closely related to this generic group (i.e., Plesiacanthops, Miracanthops, Parvacanthops Schwarz &amp; Moulin, n. gen., and Royacanthops n. gen.). Acanthops erosula can be distinguished from other Acanthops by a more elongate metazona (though not as long as in Plesiacanthops, Miracanthops, Parvacanthops Schwarz &amp; Moulin, n. gen., and Royacanthops n. gen.), and the posteriorly lobate tegmen apex in females. The latter character is also found in Pseudacanthops Saussure, 1870, but not in other Acanthops, Decimiana, Metilia, or Metacanthops. Acanthops erosula shares with Royacanthops n. gen. the subapical lobe on the male tegmina and the large, bilobed loa which curves dorsally around afa. Both characters are reduced in Plesiacanthops, Miracanthops (Schwarz &amp; Roy 2018) and Parvacanthops Schwarz &amp; Moulin, n. gen. The three genera are further distinguished from Royacanthops n. gen. in the male sex by their tegmina lacking a subapical lobe, and the alae being distinctly longer than the tegmina. In Royacanthops n. gen. the alae are shorter than the tegmina. Females of Royacanthops n. gen. share with those of Plesiacanthops the shape of the tegmina, while having a slightly wider costal field. They share with Miracanthops the very large juxtaocular bulges. They are distinguished from Plesiacanthops and Miracanthops by fewer but larger teeth along the metazona, and by the very large abdominal lobes. Females of Plesiacanthops are distinguished from those of Miracanthops by smaller juxtaocular bulges and thus a more convex vertex, and by much less elongate female tegmina. Males of Plesiacanthops and Parvacanthops Schwarz &amp; Moulin, n. gen. are distinguished from those of Miracanthops by less elongate male hindwings without a distinct apical truncation, and the smaller, only slightly widened last segment of the cerci. Males of Plesiacanthops are distinguished from those of Miracanthops and Parvacanthops Schwarz &amp; Moulin, n. gen. by a more sinuate costal field and the presence of elongate setae at the basis of loa in the left phallomere. Parvacanthops Schwarz &amp; Moulin, n. gen. shares with Miracanthops the small indistinct lobe on the prothoracic femur, the shape of the coastal field and of the ventral phallomere, and the simplified afa surrounded by a moderately developed loa. It is distinguished from Miracanthops by smaller body size, the convex vertex with its quadricuspidate process and the differently shaped eyes, the reduced lateral expansion along the metazona, smaller tergal lobes on the abdomen, the shape of the last cercal segment, and a differently shaped hindwing apex.Femoral PvS are six in Parvacanthops Schwarz &amp; Moulin, n. gen. and Royacanthops n. gen. vs seven in Plesiacanthops, while Miracanthops exhibits both character states.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D1AF6EFFE0FF93C569EDE2FD0127B4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Moulin, Nicolas;Schwarz, Christian J.	Moulin, Nicolas, Schwarz, Christian J. (2023): Two new genera of Acanthopidae (Mantodea) from the Amazon region, with description of a new species. Zoosystema 45 (5): 137-161, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2023v45a5
03D1AF6EFFE4FF93C6FDEBEBFAC3200F.text	03D1AF6EFFE4FF93C6FDEBEBFAC3200F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acanthopinae Burmeister 1838	<div><p>KEY TO THE GENERA OF ACANTHOPINAE BURMEISTER, 1838 (ADAPTED FROM RIVERA &amp; SVENSON 2020)</p> <p>Male</p> <p>1. Post-ocellar area of vertex with a distinct rectangular projection bearing tubercles................................................................................................................................................................. Pseudacanthops Saussure, 1870</p> <p>— Post-ocellar area with at most a short projection, smooth, or only with few, scattered granulations.............. 2</p> <p>2. Cerci with distal cercomere conical, not bilobed.......................................................................................... 3</p> <p>— Cerci with distal cercomere flattened, normally with a well-defined central notch....................................... 5</p> <p>3. Forewings with costal area broad, costal vein evenly curved......................................................................... 4</p> <p>— Forewings with costal area relatively broad, costal vein bi-sinuous......................... Lagrecacanthops Roy, 2004</p> <p>4. Compound eyes conical, vertex flat. Prothoracic femora usually with 7 posteroventral spines. Forewings greenish or yellowish with brown spots; if brown, then forelegs always with 7 posteroventral spines and hindwings smoky................................................................................................................................ Metilia Stal, 1877</p> <p>— Compound eyes ovoid, vertex convex. Prothoracic femora usually with 6 posteroventral spines. Forewings entirely brownish, hindwings always hyaline except apex...... Metacanthops Agudelo, Maldaner &amp; Rafael, 2019</p> <p>5. Costal area of forewings only slightly broadened proximally, costal vein describing a moderated undulation.................................................................................................................................... Decimiana Uvarov, 1940</p> <p>— Costal area of forewings much wider proximally, costal vein describing a broad, proximal undulation, sometimes followed by secondary but smaller preapical one......................................................................................... 6</p> <p>6. Forewings without apical lobe. Proximal section of costal area broadly curved, but lacking a preapical sinuosity.. 7</p> <p>— Forewings with apical, rounded lobe; proximal section of costal area broadly curved, followed by a small, preapical sinuosity................................................................................................................................................ 9</p> <p>7. Costal field not distinctly sinuate, gradually tapering towards apex. Loa without elongate setae on anterior lobe. Anterior femora usually with 6 (rarely 7) posteroventral spines..................................................................... 8</p> <p>— Costal field distinctly sinuate, reaching radial vein at apical fourth of wing. Loa with elongate setae on anterior lobe. Anterior femora with 7 posteroventral spines.......................................... Plesiacanthops Chopard, 1913</p> <p>8. Vertex tuberculate but without process; ocular tubercle at dorsolateral margin of eye. Lateral expansion along metazona well developed. Hindwings elongate, distinctly surpassing forewings, with truncate apex. Last segment of cerci distinctly widened or elongate...................................................................... Miracanthops Roy, 2004</p> <p>— Vertex with a short quadricuspidate process; ocular tubercle medial of dorsolateral margin of eye. Lateral expansion along metazona indistinct. Hindwings only slightly surpassing forewings, with triangular apex. Last segment of cerci small, only slightly widened, indentation shallow................ Parvacanthops Schwarz &amp; Moulin, n. gen.</p> <p>9. Pronotum short, metazona less than 3 times as long as prozona. Conspicuous apical lobes on both pairs of wings........................................................................................................................ Acanthops Serville, 1831</p> <p>— Pronotum elongate, metazona at least 3 times as long as prozona. Forewings with very reduced apical lobe and hindwings with a well-developed lobe, followed by two small lobes on the discoidal area... Royacanthops n. gen.</p> <p>Females (females of Lagrecacanthops Roy, 2004 and Parvacanthops Schwarz &amp; Moulin, n. gen. unknown)</p> <p>1. Post-ocellar area of vertex with a rectangular projection bearing tubercles....... Pseudacanthops Saussure, 1870</p> <p>— Post-ocellar area without projections, smooth, or only with few, scattered granulations............................... 2</p> <p>2. Cerci with distal cercomere conical, not bilobed.......................................................................................... 3</p> <p>— Cerci with distal cercomere flattened, normally with a well-defined central notch....................................... 4</p> <p>3. Compound eyes conical, vertex flat. Pronotum smooth...................................................... Metilia Stal, 1877</p> <p>— Compound eyes ovoid, vertex convex. Pronotum tuberculate................................................................................................................................................................... Metacanthops Agudelo, Maldaner &amp; Rafael, 2019</p> <p>4. Pronotum elongate, metazona at least 2.7 times as long as prozona. Meso- and metathoracic femora each with both genicular lobes more or less elongated and triangular; prothoracic femora with 6-7 posteroventral spines......... 5</p> <p>— Metazona less than 2.3 times as long as prozona. Meso- and metathoracic femora each with genicular lobes rounded or triangular, but not elongate; prothoracic femora with 6 posteroventral spines........................... 7 5. Margin of metazona with spaced out, large teeth. Genicular lobes only slightly elongate. Subapical lobe on female forewing large, triangular. Abdomen ovoid, tergites with remarkably large foliaceous lobes........................................................................................................................................................ Royacanthops n. gen.</p> <p>— Margin of metazona with numerous teeth. Genicular lobes distinctly elongate. Subapical lobe on female forewing narrow, flat-angled. Abdomen fusiform, tergites with smaller lobes..................................................... 6</p> <p>6. Juxtaocular bulges small, vertex distinctly convex. Female forewing not extremely elongate, only moderately surpassing hindwings....................................................................................... Plesiacanthops Chopard, 1913</p> <p>— Juxtaocular bulges large, vertex less convex. Female forewing extremely elongate, more than twice as long as hindwing.................................................................................................................. Miracanthops Roy, 2004</p> <p>7. Forewings with costal margin only slightly bisinuous. Apical lobe short and digitiform.................................................................................................................................................................. Decimiana Uvarov, 1940</p> <p>— Forewings with costal margin distinctly bisinuous. Apical lobe long and distinctly curved, if short, then with widened apex........................................................................................................... Acanthops Serville, 1831</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D1AF6EFFE4FF93C6FDEBEBFAC3200F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Moulin, Nicolas;Schwarz, Christian J.	Moulin, Nicolas, Schwarz, Christian J. (2023): Two new genera of Acanthopidae (Mantodea) from the Amazon region, with description of a new species. Zoosystema 45 (5): 137-161, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2023v45a5
