identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
050B87D78D41246CE1B81F09FF2574A8.text	050B87D78D41246CE1B81F09FF2574A8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Therates batesii Thomson 1857	<div><p>batesii -species group sensu Wiesner, 2020</p> <p>Distinguishing diagnosis of Therates fruhstorferi complex</p> <p>Head glabrous and smooth; clypeus glabrous, with slightly sinuate anterior margin; orbital plates with a single seta in anterior third; frons relatively broad, semi-circular, occiput separated from frons by shallow transverse impression. Antennae short, not or barely extending posteriorly to shoulders; scape with a single long apical seta; antennomeres 2–5 dark-brown or black with yellow-red or brown anterior margins or apices, glabrous except thin apical setae, antennomere 3 the longest, antennomeres 6–11 black, covered by short yellowish hairs along inner side and on dorsal half of outer side, antennomeres 8–11 slightly or clearly flattened. Labrum trapezoid, throughout covered by isodiametric microsculpture, with five–eight apical teeth (two long thin marginal teeth with curved inside apices and three–six short rounded central teeth) and four–seven short apical setae between them, as well as with two lateral and two basal teeth and associated with it setae.</p> <p>Pronotum glabrous and smooth, rarely finely short-striated, with semi-circular apical lobe, sinuous margined basal lobe, deep anterior and posterior grooves, distinct rear angles and thin shallow midline; thorax glabrous and smooth.</p> <p>Fore and middle coxae pale, often with light brown posterior surface, hind coxae black with blue or blue-violet tinge and pale central portion; trochanters pale; tibial spurs and claws brown; underside of fore tarsomeres 1–4 densely covered by whitish short hairs.</p> <p>Elytra with distinct basal, central and apical humps; shoulders glabrous and smooth; apical margin with small sutural spine; epipleura dark-brown or black with indistinct blue-green, blue or violet tinge.</p> <p>Abdomen black or black-brown, sternites 1–4 with light blue or blue-violet tinge; sometimes sternites 5 and 6 brown.</p> <p>Aedeagus with rounded apex; internal sack with a short expansion in the base flagellum and relatively long spring.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/050B87D78D41246CE1B81F09FF2574A8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Matalin, Andrey V.;Wiesner, Jürgen	Matalin, Andrey V., Wiesner, Jürgen (2023): Revision of the Therates fruhstorferi complex (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 5256 (5): 401-433, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5256.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5256.5.1
050B87D78D42246BE1B81B99FBE97788.text	050B87D78D42246BE1B81B99FBE97788.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Therates fruhstorferi W. Horn 1902	<div><p>Therates fruhstorferi W. Horn, 1902</p> <p>Figs 1–6, 29–32, 50–55, 81–87, 115–125, 136–151.</p> <p>Therates fruhstorferi W. Horn, 1902: 72 (Type locality— Tonkin, Mouson-Gebirge).</p> <p>Therates fruhstorferi W. Horn, 1902 — Horn 1908: 194, 1930: 400; Mell 1931: 290; Tan 1987: 539; Cassola 2004: 25.</p> <p>Therates fruhstorferi fruhstorferi W. Horn, 1902 — Wiesner 1988: 41, 1992: 92, 2020: 95; Cassola 1985: 510; Lorenz 1998: 38, 2005: 117; Matalin 2001: 387, 2014: 300; Werner et al. 2002: 42; Shook &amp; Wiesner 2006: 20; Shook &amp; Wu 2006: 53, 2007: 68; Wu &amp; Shook 2007: 39, 2010: 90; Wu 2011: 31; Putchkov &amp; Matalin 2017: 245; Wiesner et al. 2017: 40.</p> <p>Therates fruhstorferi vitalisi W. Horn, 1913 — Sawada &amp; Wiesner 1999c: 307, 2002: 84.</p> <p>Type material. LECTOTYPE, ♂ (designated here)—“ Tonkin, Montes Mauson [= Mau So’n], April, Mai 2–3000, H. Fruhstorfer“ [printed white label with black border]; “Type!, coll. W Horn” [printed white label with black border]; “ Fruhstorferi, mihi” [handwritten light yellow label with black border]; “ Syntypus ” [printed red label]; “Coll. W. Horn, DEI Eberswalde” [printed white label]; “ fruhstorferi, s. str. W. Horn, det. Wiesner 86” [typewritten white label]; “ DEI Müncheberg, Col—04811” [printed light green label]; “ LECTOTYPE, Therates fruhstorferi W. Horn, 1902, design. A. Matalin et J. Wiesner, 2016 ” [printed red label] (SDEI). PARALECTOTYPES (designated here), 4♂♂ (DEI Müncheberg, Col—04810, 04812, 04816, 04817) 5♀♀ (DEI Müncheberg, Col—04809, 04813, 04814, 04815, 04818)—“ Tonkin, Montes Mauson, April, Mai 2–3000, H. Fruhstorfer” [printed white label with black border]; “Type! coll. W Horn” [printed white label with black border]; “ Syntypus ” [printed red label]; “Coll. W. Horn, DEI Eberswalde” [printed white label]; “ fruhstorferi, s. str. W. Horn, det. Wiesner 86” [typewritten white label]; “ PARALECTOTYPE, Therates fruhstorferi W. Horn, 1902, design. A. Matalin et J. Wiesner, 2016 ” [printed red label] (all SDEI).</p> <p>Additional material. CHINA, Yunnan Prov.: 1♂ — Wenshan, Funing County, Hong Mu Da Shan, 1851 m, 24.VII.2006 (XX); VIETNAM, Ha Giang Prov.: 1♀ —N from Ha Giang, 500 m, 5.7.1963, leg. O. Kabakov (ZIN); Yen Bai Prov.: 1♂ — Yen Bai, 6.2020 (AA); 1♀ — ibid, 8.2020 (AA); Tuyen Quang Prov.: 2♂♂ — 160 km NNW Ha Noi, NE env. of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.36056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.066668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.36056/lat 21.066668)">Na Hang</a>, h = 150–200 m, 5– 10.6.1996, leg. A Napolov &amp; I. Roma (AN, MSPU); Thai Nguen Prov.: 1♂ 1♀ —mountains 50 km NO Thai Nguen, 300 m, 15.5.1963, 21.6.1963, leg. O. Kabakov (ZIN); Vinh Phu Prov.: 4♂♂ 3♀♀ —mountains near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.36056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.066668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.36056/lat 21.066668)">Tam Dao</a>, 900 m, 15.V.1962, 20.V.1962, 1.VII.1962, 29.VII.1962, 30.VIII.1963, leg. O. Kabakov (ZIN); 3♂♂ 4♀♀ — <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.36056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.066668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.36056/lat 21.066668)">Tam Dao</a>, 3– 11.6.1985, leg. Ploka &amp; Viša (JW); 1♂ — ibid, 2– 11.6.1989, leg. Kubaň (JW); 1♂ — ibid, 27.5– 2.6.1986, leg. Jan Horák (JW); 3♂♂ 2♀♀ — ibid, 6– 10.5.1990, leg. Jan Horák (JW); 3♀♀ — ibid, 12– 24.5.1989, leg. Jan Strnad (JW); 2♀♀ — ibid, 6– 20.V.1990, leg. M. Kalabza &amp; Z. Koštál (JW); 1♂ — ibid, 800 m, 12.VI.1994, leg. Sugonjaev (ZIN); 1♂ 4♀♀ — ibid, 25.V– 10.VI.1995, leg. Gorochov (ZIN); 1♂ — ibid, 27– 28.06.2019, leg. D. Kasatkin (MSPU); 2♂♂ 2♀♀ — 70 km NW Hanoi, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.36056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.066668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.36056/lat 21.066668)">Tam Dao</a>, 21.27 oN 105.39 oE, 900–1200 m, 9—19.V.1996, leg. Pacholátko &amp; Dembický (JW); Ha Tay Prov.: 1♂ — 45 km W of Hanoi, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.36056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.066668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.36056/lat 21.066668)">Ba Vi Nat. Park</a>, h = 1050– 1100 m, leaf-litter, 21 o 04’N 105 o 21’38’’E, 18.VI.2014, leg. D. Fedorenko (SIEE); Phu Tho Prov.: 11♂♂ 1♀ —~ 90 km W of Hanoi, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.92916&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.132778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.92916/lat 21.132778)">Xuan Son Nat. Park</a>, h = 400–700 m, 21 o 07’01’’N 104 o 56’39’’E, 6– 15.VI.2014, leg. D. Fedorenko (SIEE, MSPU); 3♂♂ — ibid, h = 400–470 m, 21 o 07’52’’N 104 o 57’07’’E, 6– 15.VI.2014, leg. D. Fedorenko (SIEE); 2♂♂ — ibid, h = 300 m, 21 o 07’58’’N 104 o 55’45’’E, river-valley, 6– 15.VI.2014, leg. D. Fedorenko (SIEE); Hoa Binh Prov.: 2♂♂ 1♀ — Yen Thuy distr., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.566666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.383333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.566666/lat 20.383333)">Loc Thin</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.566666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.383333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.566666/lat 20.383333)">Cuc Phuong Nat. Park</a>, 20 o 18’N 105 o 35’E, 3– 4.V.2002, leg. S. Belokobylsky (ZIN); 2♂♂ 1♀ — ibid, 20 o 23’N 105 o 34’E, 5– 6.V.2002, leg. S. Belokobylsky (ZIN); Thanh Hoa Prov.: 1♀ — Ban Vin env., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.970276&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.979168" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.970276/lat 19.979168)">Xuan Lien Natn. Park</a>, h ~ 900 m, 19 o 58’45’’N 104 o 58’13’’E, 2– 11.VI.2022, leg. D. Fedorenko (SIEE); Nghe An Prov.: 1♀ — <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.79639&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.755278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.79639/lat 19.755278)">NO Con Cuong</a>, 400 m, 22.04.1962, leg. O. Kabakov (ZIN); 2♂♂ — Que Phong distr., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.79639&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.755278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.79639/lat 19.755278)">Pu Hoat National Park</a>, h = 840 m, 19 o 45’19’’N 104 o 47’47’’E, 15– 27.V.2019, leg. D. Fedorenko (SIEE, MSPU); Ha Tinh Prov.: 1♀ — Kim Quang env., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.36139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.27389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.36139/lat 18.27389)">Vu Quang Natn. Park</a>, h ~ 440 m, 18 o 16’26’’N 105 o 21’41’’E, 24.V– 1.VI.2022, leg. D. Fedorenko (SIEE); Quang Binh Prov.: 1♂ —NW <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.23444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.429167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.23444/lat 17.429167)">Dong Hoi</a>, 200 m, 26.II.1963, leg. O. Kabakov (ZIN); 1♂ — Minh Hoa distr., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.23444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.429167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.23444/lat 17.429167)">Yen Hop</a> env., 20.IV.1999, leg. A. Devyatkin (SIEE); 1♂ 1♀ —Phong Nha-Ke <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.23444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.429167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.23444/lat 17.429167)">Bang N.P</a>., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.23444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.429167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.23444/lat 17.429167)">Bo Trach</a>, h ~ 400 m, 17 o 25’45’’N 106 o 14’04’’E, 12– 21.V.2022, leg. D. Fedorenko (SIEE, MSPU); LAOS, Boli Kham Xai Prov.: 6♂♂ 7♀♀ — <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.151665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.371666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.151665/lat 18.371666)">Ban Nape</a> (8 km NE), ~ 600 m, 18 o 21’N 105 o 08’E, 1– 18.V.2001, P. Pacholátko leg. (JW, MSPU); 1♂ 3♀♀ — <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.151665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.371666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.151665/lat 18.371666)">Ban Nape—Kaev Nua Pass</a>, alt. 600 ± 100 m, 18 o 22.3’N 105 o 09.1’E (GPS), 18.4– 1.5.1998, E. Jendek &amp; O. Šauša leg. (JW; MSPU).</p> <p>References. CHINA, Yunnan Prov.: Yongshan County, 1800 m (Tan 1987); Zhaotong, Daguan County, 1970 m, 3.VII.1991, Lin Su (Shook &amp; Wu 2007); VIETNAM, Lang Son Prov.: Than Moi (Wiesner 1988); Cao Bang Prov.: 1 ex. —vic. Vin Den, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.88139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.564722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.88139/lat 22.564722)">Nui Pia Oac Nature Reserve</a>, 22 o 33’53”N 105 o 52’53”E, 900–1300 m, 6–10.V.2013, leg. A. Skale; 1 ex. —vic. Tinh Tuc, Son Dong, Nui Pia Oac Nature Reserve, 22 o 37’55”N 105 o 52’98”E, 850–1300 m, 9–15.V.2014, leg. A. Skale; Bac Giang Prov.: 1♂— <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.723785&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.1805" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.723785/lat 21.1805)">Tay Yen Tu Nature Reserve</a>, 6 km SW Thanh Son, 21 o 10’49.8”N 106 o 43’25.62”E, 200 m, 18.V.2015, leg. R. Gerstmeier (as T. vitalisi); Phu Tho Prov.: 1♂ 8♀♀ — Xuan Son National Park, 500 m, 18–20.VI.2012, leg. L. Bartolozzi, S. Bambi, F. Fabiano, E. Orbach; Vinh Phuc Prov.: 2ex.1♀ —vic. Tam Dao Town, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.63333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.45" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.63333/lat 21.45)">Tam Dao National Park</a>, 21 o 27’N 105 o 38’E, 700–1000 m, 2–5.V.2013, leg. A. Skale, A. Weigel; 2♂♂ 1♀ — Tam Dao National Park, 950 m, 1–4.VI.2013, leg. L. Bartolozzi, S. Bambi, F. Cianferoni, G. Mazza, E. Orbach; 6♂♂ 1♀ — <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.64611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.464445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.64611/lat 21.464445)">Tam Dao</a>, 21 o 27’52”N 105 o 38’46”E, 1200 m, 9–22.VI.2014, leg. M. Hauser and N. von Ellenrieder (all Wiesner et al. 2017); 1♀ — Tam Dao, 1100 m, 2–6.VI.1999, leg. Ahrens, Jaeger, Fabrizzi (Werner et al. 2002); Ha Noi City: 1♂ 1♀ — Ba Vi Dist., Ba Vi National Park, 700 m, 21–24.VI.2012, leg. E. Orbach; Hoa Binh Prov.: 1♂ 1♀ — Pa Co Hang Kia Nature Reserve, 900–1200 m, 9–12.VI.2013, leg. L. Bartolozzi, S. Bambi, F. Cianferoni, G. Mazza, E. Orbach; Ninh Binh Prov.: 1♂— <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.667534&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.292866" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.667534/lat 20.292866)">Cuc Phuong National Park</a>, 20 o 17’34.32”N 105 o 40’03.12”E, 270 m, 22.V.2015, leg. R. Gerstmeier (all Wiesner et al. 2017); Nghe An Prov.: Vinh (Wiesner 1988); Thua ThienHue Prov.: 3♂♂— <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.85&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.2" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.85/lat 16.2)">Bach Ma National Park</a>, 1400 m, 16 o 12’00”N 107 o 51’00”E, 23–28.V.2014, leg. A. Bandinelli, L. Bartolozzi, S. Bambi (Wiesner et al. 2017).</p> <p>Diagnosis. Most specimens of T. f. fruhstorferi are clearly distinguished from other congeners by a complete humeral lunule, distinct basal dot, medium-sized or narrow apical dot as well as by partly pale hind tibiae and tarsi (Figs 4, 5, 83). In some specimens the humeral lunule is divided on the basal and apical portions (Fig. 85) or present only by the basal portion (Figs 1, 3, 81, 82, 84). Dark-coloured specimens of T. fruhstorferi (Figs 6, 86, 87) are differentiated from the similarly coloured T. ziyardamensis sp. n. (Fig. 12) and T. pseudovitalisi sp. n. (Figs 9–11) by the shape of aedeagus (Figs 115–125, 136–151 vs. Fig. 131 and Figs 132–135, respectively) as well as by the longer hind tarsi, especially in males (Figs 175–178).</p> <p>Redescription. TL = 9.2–12.0 mm (mean = 10.5 mm, n = 45) in males, 9.8–12.8 mm (mean = 11.5 mm, n = 43) in females.</p> <p>Head shining black with distinct violet reflection; orbital plates indistinctly or finely striated in posterior third; frons smooth, frontal sulci deep and slightly convergent in anterior 2/3, shallow and sharply divergent in posterior third. Mandibles brown or light-brown underside, pale-yellow in basal half of topside, with light-brown teeth and apical molar. Labial palpi pale-yellow except brown apical palpomere; maxillary palpi brown except yellowish palpomeres 1 and 2. Antennae do not extend posteriorly to the shoulders, scape pale anteriorly, brownblack posteriorly, in some females entirely dark-brown or black; antennomeres 9 and 10 with protruding downward anterior lower margins, more distinct in males (Figs 29–32). Labrum varies from sub-quadrate to slightly transverse, LW/LL = 0.94–1.14 (mean = 1.05, n = 88), from dark-brown to black with large or medium-sized yellow central spot usually not extending to the border of the central apical teeth in males but to the border in females (Figs 50–54), in some females central labral spot small and dark brown (Fig. 55).</p> <p>Pronotum as wide as long, PW/PL = 0.92–1.1 (mean = 1.03, n = 88), shining black-blue with violet reflection, apical lobe slightly wider in middle part; thorax black-blue with violet reflection.</p> <p>Fore femora pale-yellow with brown violet-tinged posterior side and apices, middle femora pale-yellow with brown anterior side and light violet tinge, hind femora bicoloured, pale-yellow or light brown in basal half or third and black with blue tinge in apical half or 2/3; tibia often pale-yellow with brown-black apices or apical half, sometimes light brown, dark brown or even entirely black with light blue tinge; tarsomeres 1 and 2 or only tarsomere 1 of all legs in most specimens pale-yellow with brown apices, other tarsomeres dark-brown or black, in some specimens two basal tarsomeres brown with dark-brown apices and brown-black other tarsomeres, sometime only first fore and middle tarsomeres or only fore-tarsomere dark-brown while others including all hind tarsomeres black, rarely all tarsomeres black; HTbL/HTaL = 1.15–1.33 (mean = 1.22, n = 77) (Figs 175, 176).</p> <p>Elytra indistinctly divergent towards apex; EL/EW = 1.86–2.09 (mean = 1.98, n = 71); EL/PL = 3.14–3.57 (mean = 3.37, n = 45) in males, 3.14–3.75 (mean = 3.48, n = 42) in females; brown-black or black with violet or blue-violet reflection; punctuation deep and regular between basal hump and central dot, then shallow and sparse, apical quarter virtually smooth; scutellum dark-brown or black with blue tinge, apical margin shortly cut. Elytral pattern presented by relatively large or dramatically small yellow or light brown humeral lunule complete in one specimens (Figs 4, 5, 83) or divided on basal and apical portions in others (Fig. 85), sometimes apical portion undeveloped (Figs 1, 3, 81, 82, 84, 86, 87), by yellow basal dot well developed in most specimens (Figs 1, 3–5, 81–85) and barely visible to absent in others (Figs 6, 86, 87), by transverse slightly oblique central dot (Figs 1, 3–6, 81–87), as well as by narrow apical dot along elytral margin (Figs 3–5, 83, 85), in some specimens only by thin yellow, yellow-brown (Figs 1, 81, 82, 84, 87) or rarely dark-brown (Figs 6, 86) apical edge.</p> <p>Aedeagus in most specimens with moderately long and narrow slightly sinuate rounded apex (Figs 115–118, 120–125, 136, 137, 139, 141–149, 151), in some specimens with very thin (Fig. 150) or dramatically short blunt apex (Figs 119, 138, 140) without lateral carinae; AL = 2.4–3.0 mm (mean = 2.67, n = 40), EL/AL = 2.19–2.68 mm (mean = 2.47, n = 40).</p> <p>Distribution. CHINA: Yunnan Province; VIETNAM: Lang Son, Cao Bang, Ha Giang, Yen Bai, Bac Giang, Tuyen Quang, Thai Nguen, Vinh Phu, Ha Tay, Phu Tho, Ha Noi City, Hoa Binh, Thanh Hoa, Ninh Binh, Nghe An, Ha Tinh, Quang Binh, Thua Thien-Hue Provinces; LAOS: Bolikhamsai Province (Fig. 184).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/050B87D78D42246BE1B81B99FBE97788	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Matalin, Andrey V.;Wiesner, Jürgen	Matalin, Andrey V., Wiesner, Jürgen (2023): Revision of the Therates fruhstorferi complex (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 5256 (5): 401-433, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5256.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5256.5.1
050B87D78D452468E1B818ACFBF37514.text	050B87D78D452468E1B818ACFBF37514.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Therates fruhstorferi subsp. australis Matalin et Wiesner 2023	<div><p>Therates fruhstorferi australis Matalin et Wiesner, ssp. n.</p> <p>Figs 7, 8, 33, 34, 56, 57, 88, 89, 126–130.</p> <p>Type material. HOLOTYPE, ♂ — Vietnam, Gia Lai Prov., ~ 40 km NEE of Pleiku, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.315&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.203055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.315/lat 14.203055)">Kon Ka Kinh Natn. Park</a>, h = 890 m, 14 o 12’11’’N 108 o 18’54’’E, 9–22.V.2016, leg. D. Fedorenko (ZIN), PARATYPES: ♀ —same labeled as the holotype (MSPU); 1♀ — Vietnam, Gia Lai Prov., ~ 50 km N of An Khe, Kon Chu Rang Nat. Reserve, h = 1000– 1040 m, 14 o 30–31’N 108 o 32’E, 24.V–2.VI.2016, leg. D. Fedorenko (SIEE); 1♂ — Vietnam, Gia Lai, 4.2022 (AA); 2♂♂ — Vietnam, Kon Tum Prov., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.3&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.733334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.3/lat 14.733334)">Kon Plong Distr.</a>, env. Ngok Boc I Mt., 14 o 44’N 108 o 18’E, h = 1100–1200 m, 8–23.VI.2015, leg. D. Fedorenko (SIEE, MSPU); 7♀♀ — Vietnam, Kon Tum Prov., Kon Plong Distr., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.31612&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.722221" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.31612/lat 14.722221)">Pak Khe River</a>, 14 o 43’20’’N 108 o 18’58’’ E, at light, 4–12.VI.2016, leg. D. Fedorenko (2♀♀ — ZIN; 2♀♀ — SIEE, 2♀♀ — MSPU, 1♀ — JW); 8♂♂ 2♀♀ — Vietnam, Quang Nam Prov., Nam Gian distr., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.38944&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.5633335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.38944/lat 15.5633335)">Song Thanh Natn. Park</a>, h = 1050 m, 15 o 33’48’’N 107 o 23’22’’E, 23.IV–11.V.2019, leg. D. Fedorenko (1♂ 1♀ — ZIN; 3♂♂ — SIEE, 3♂♂ 1♀ — MSPU, 1♂ — JW); 1♀ — Vietnam, Quang Nam Prov., Tay Giang, Axan mt., 1300 m, 06.2017 (AA).</p> <p>Diagnosis. A new subspecies is distinguished from the nominotypical one by darker colouration, reduced white elytral pattern and narrower elytral apex (Figs 7, 8, 88, 89 vs. Figs 1, 3–5, 81–85), by wider pronotum (Figs 179, 181), by the longer hind tarsi—mean HTbL/HTaL = 1.18 in T. f. australis ssp. n. vs. mean HTbL/HTaL = 1.22 in T. f. fruhstorferi (Figs 179, 180), and by the shorter aedeagus—mean EL/AL = 2.59 in T. f. australis ssp. n. vs. mean EL/AL = 2.47 in T. f. fruhstorferi; from dark-coloured specimens of T. f. fruhstorferi (Figs 6, 86, 87) the new subspecies is readily distinguished by the shape of aedeagus (Figs 115–125, 136–151 vs. Figs 126–130). From T. pseudovitalisi sp. n. the new subspecies is differentiated both by the shape and the size of aedeagus (Figs 126–130 vs. Figs 132–135), by the narrower elytral apex (Figs 7, 8, 88, 89 vs. Figs 9–11, 90–95), and by the longer hind tarsus (Figs 182, 183).</p> <p>Description. TL = 10.0–12.0 mm in males (mean = 10.95 mm, n = 12), 10.0– 12.4 mm (mean = 11.42 mm, n = 12) in females.</p> <p>Head shining black-blue with purple-violet reflection, especially bright on vertex, occiput and on smooth, finely or indistinctly striated in posterior third orbital plates; frons convex, semi-circular (see above), slightly downward anteriorly (see at the side), smooth or slightly rugose, frontal sulci deep and slightly convergent in anterior half or 2/3, shallow and distinctly divergent in posterior half or third. Mandibles in males brown underside, yellow or yellow-brown topside with light-brown teeth and apical molar, in females dark-brown except pale base topside. Labial palpomeres 2 and 3 yellow, palpomere 4 dark brown; maxillary palpomeres 1 and 2 yellow, yellow-brown or brown, palpomeres 3 and 4 dark brown or brown-black. Antennae do not extend posteriorly to the shoulders, scape in males yellow or yellow-brown on anterior side and dark-brown on posterior side, in females entirely black or brown-black rarely dark brown on anterior side; antennomeres 3–6 dark brown with narrow light brown apices, antennomeres 9–11 flattened; in males antennomeres 9 and 10 with slightly protruding downward anterior lower margins, antennomere 11 slightly dilated not wider than 10 one, in females antennomeres 9 and 10 slightly dilated on anterior side (Figs 33, 34). Labrum indistinctly transverse, LW/LL = 1.0–1.15 (mean = 1.07, n = 24), in males black-brown with medium-sized or small yellow-brown central spot bordered from central apical teeth (Fig. 56), in females entirely black or brown-black (Fig. 57), rarely with small brown central spot.</p> <p>Pronotum wider than long, PW/PL = 1.0–1.13 (mean = 1.06, n = 24) (Figs 179, 181), shining blue with violet reflection, apical lobe with slightly narrower sides or virtually equal wide throughout; thorax shining blue with light violet reflection.</p> <p>Fore and middle femora in males pale-yellow with brown violet-tinged posterior side, in females middle femora with more expanded black colour; hind femora bicolored, pale-yellow in basal half or third in males or in basal quarter in females, and black with violet tinge in other portion; fore tibiae light brown on outer sides and brown on inner sides with dark apices, middle tibiae light brown or yellow-brown with brown apices, in some specimens foreand middle tibiae dark-brown with slightly lighter basal third, hind tibiae dark brown with black blue tinged apices, rarely all tibiae dark brown or brown-black; all tarsi black with light blue tinge; HTbL/HTaL = 1.09–1.29 (mean = 1.18, n = 23) (Figs 179, 180, 182, 183).</p> <p>Elytra subparallel, indistinctly divergent toward apex, EL/EW = 1.85–2.06 (mean = 1.97, n = 24); longer in females—EL/PL = 3.41–3.83 (mean = 3.61, n = 12) vs. 3.3–3.72 (mean = 3.45, n = 12) in males; shining blue with purple-violet reflection and narrow bright blue or golden-blue reflection along suture; punctuation deep and regular between basal humps and central dot, shallower behind it, entirely absent in apical quarter; scutellum black with greenish-blue tinge; apical margin gradually rounded. Elytral pattern presented by pale-yellow basal portion of humeral lunule and by small basal dot, in some specimens both of them very small or basal dot barely visible or absent, by elongate, slightly oblique, wide-uniformed central dot, semilunar and slightly curved towards to suture in some females as well as by very narrow dark brown apical edge (Figs 7, 8, 88, 89).</p> <p>Aedeagus with moderately short, straight or indistinctly curved, blunt apex without lateral carinae (Figs 126– 130); AL = 2.5–2.8 mm (mean = 2.64, n = 12), EL/AL = 2.38–2.73 mm (mean = 2.59, n = 12).</p> <p>Etymology. The name of this new subspecies is derived from the Latin, “ australis ”, meaning ‘southern’, which indicate the southern border of distribution of T. fruhstorferi at present time.</p> <p>Distribution. VIETNAM: Quang Nam, Kon Tum, Gia Lai Provinces (Fig. 184).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/050B87D78D452468E1B818ACFBF37514	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Matalin, Andrey V.;Wiesner, Jürgen	Matalin, Andrey V., Wiesner, Jürgen (2023): Revision of the Therates fruhstorferi complex (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 5256 (5): 401-433, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5256.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5256.5.1
050B87D78D462469E1B81A10FB2875A4.text	050B87D78D462469E1B81A10FB2875A4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Therates pseudovitalisi Matalin et Wiesner 2023	<div><p>Therates pseudovitalisi Matalin et Wiesner, sp. n.</p> <p>Figs 9, 10, 36, 37, 58, 59, 90–93, 132–134.</p> <p>Therates fruhstorferi vitalisi W. Horn, 1913 — Sawada &amp; Wiesner 2000: 63–64, 2004: 263–264; Wiesner &amp; Geiser 2016: 88.</p> <p>Type material. HOLOTYPE, 1♂ — Laos, Luang Prabang Prov., Ban Song Cha (5 km W), 20 o 33–4’N 102 o 14’E, ± 1200 m, 24.4– 16.5.1999, leg. Vit Kubaň &amp; C. Holzschuh (JW); PARATYPES: 1♀ —same labeled as the holotype (JW); 3♂♂ 6♀♀ — Laos, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.15&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.75" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.15/lat 20.75)">Oudom Xai</a> (17 km NEE), 20 o 45’N 102 o 09’E, ~ 1100 m, 18.4– 1.5.1998, leg. Vit Kubaň (2♂♂ 5♀♀ — JW, 1♂ 2♀♀ — MSPU); 1♂ — Laos, Houaphanh Prov., Phou Pane Mt, VII.2011 (MSPU); 1♀ — Laos NE, Sam [= Xam] Neua, 17.V.2002 (JW); 1♂ —Laos-N, Phongsaly prov., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.95&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.633333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.95/lat 21.633333)">Ban Bun Neua</a> [= Boun Neua] (4 km E), 20.VI.2003, ~ 1100 m, 21 o 38’N 101 o 57’E, P. Pacholátko leg. (JW).</p> <p>References. LAOS, Houaphanh Prov.: 1♂ 2♀♀ — Xam Nua Distr, Ban Saleui, 1350 m, 15.VII.2002; 1♂ — Xam Nua Distr, Phu Pan, 1800 m, 17–21.VI.2003 (both Sawada &amp; Wiesner 2004); 1♀ — Phou Pane Mt., 1480–1550 m, 20 o 13’09–19’’N 103º59’54’’E, 1–16.VI.2009, leg. Z. Kraus (Wiesner &amp; Geiser 2016).</p> <p>Diagnosis. This new species is readily distinguished from T. vitalisi, T. biserratus, T. hunanensis sp. n., T. sauteri and T. motoensis by lacking lateral carinae on the apex of aedeagus (Figs 132–134 vs. Figs 152–174). From T. fruhstorferi and T. ziyardamensis sp. n. a new species is easily distinguished by the shape of aedeagus (Figs 132– 134 vs. Figs 115–131), from T. fruhstorferi additionally by wider apices of elytra (Figs 9–11, 90–95 vs. Figs 1, 3–8, 81–89) and by shorter hind tarsus (Figs 175–178). From T. pseudovitalisi tibetana ssp. n. a nominotypical subspecies is clearly differentiated by the shape of antennomeres 9–11 (Figs 36, 37 vs. Figs 38, 39), by the proportions of hind tibiae and tarsi—mean HTbL/HTaL = 1.32 vs. HTbL/HTaL = 1.25, by narrow, elongate, clearly oblique central dot (Figs 9, 10, 90–93 vs. Figs 11, 94, 95), and by the longer elytra—mean EL/AL = 2.6 vs. mean EL/AL = 2.48.</p> <p>Description. TL = 10.53–11.1 mm in males (mean = 10.74 mm, n = 5), 10.5–12.1 mm (mean = 11.17 mm, n = 7) in females.</p> <p>Head shining black-blue with purple-violet reflection; orbital plates finely striated in posterior third; frons convex, semi-circular (see above), slightly downward anteriorly (see at the side), smooth or slightly rugose, frontal sulci deep and slightly convergent in anterior 2/3, shallow and distinctly divergent in posterior third. Mandibles in males brown underside, yellow-brown topside with brown teeth and apical molar; in females dark-brown except pale basal quarter topside. Labial palpi yellow-brown or brown except dark-brown apical palpomeres; maxillary palpi dark brown with narrow light-brown apices in all palpomeres. Antennae barely extend shoulders, black, scape dark brown on anterior margin and black on posterior margin, in some females brown-black, antennomeres 2–5 with light violet tinge and narrow dark-brown apices, antennomeres 9–11 in males distinctly dilated, antennomeres 9 and 10 with wide protruding downward anterior lower margins (Fig. 37), in female only slightly delated and protruding (Fig. 36). Labrum indistinctly transverse, LW/LL = 1.0–1.08 (mean = 1.04, n = 12), in males black-brown with medium-sized yellow-brown apical spot indistinctly separated from central apical teeth (Fig. 58), in females entirely black (Fig. 59).</p> <p>Pronotum shining blue with violet reflection; indistinctly transverse, PW/PL = 1.0–1.11 (mean = 1.06, n = 12), apical lobe practically equal wide throughout; thorax shining black-blue with light golden-violet reflection.</p> <p>Femora bicolored, fore femora pale-yellow with brown violet-tinged anterior side, black with violet tinge on posterior side, middle femora brown-black with light violet tinge except pale-yellow posterior basal third, hind femora pale-yellow in basal third or quarter and black with violet tinge in apical 2/3 or 3/4; tibiae brown-black with blue-violet lustre; tarsi black with blue-violet tinge; HTbL/HTaL = 1.25–1.42 (mean = 1.32, n = 12) (Figs 175–178).</p> <p>Elytra shining black-blue with purple-violet or blue-violet reflection; indistinctly divergent toward apex, EL/ EW = 1.92–2.06 (mean = 1.98, n = 12); punctuation deep and regular between basal humps and central dot, in apical third shallow and sparse; scutellum black with blue or violet tinge; apical margin shortly cut. Elytral pattern presented by well visible pale-yellow small basal portion of humeral lunule (see in front) and elongate slightly or clearly oblique narrow wide-uniformed or slightly dilated in lateral portion central dot; basal dot very small, in some specimens indistinct or entirely absent (Figs 9, 10, 90–93).</p> <p>Aedeagus gradually sinuate with elongate rounded apex, lacking lateral carinae (Figs 132–134); AL = 2.5–2.7 mm (mean = 2.62, n = 5), EL/AL = 2.56–2.72 (mean = 2.6, n = 5), in one aberrant male EL/AL = 2.45.</p> <p>Etymology. The new species is named “ pseudovitalisi ” due to it very similar outward appearance with T. vitalisi Horn, 1913.</p> <p>Distribution. LAOS: Oudomxay, Luang Prabang, Houaphanh, Phongsaly Provinces (Fig. 184).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/050B87D78D462469E1B81A10FB2875A4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Matalin, Andrey V.;Wiesner, Jürgen	Matalin, Andrey V., Wiesner, Jürgen (2023): Revision of the Therates fruhstorferi complex (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 5256 (5): 401-433, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5256.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5256.5.1
050B87D78D472466E1B81A80FB567460.text	050B87D78D472466E1B81A80FB567460.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Therates pseudovitalisi subsp. tibetana Matalin et Wiesner 2023	<div><p>Therates pseudovitalisi tibetana Matalin et Wiesner, ssp. n.</p> <p>Figs 11, 38, 39, 60, 61, 94, 95, 135.</p> <p>Therates fruhstorferi vitalisi W. Horn, 1913 — Sawada &amp;Wiesner 2006: 463; Wu 2011: 31.</p> <p>Type material. HOLOTYPE, 1♂— China, Tibet, Cha Yu [= Zayü] County, Xia-Cha-Yu, 1900–2600 m, 1– 28.7.2004 (JW); PARATYPE, 1♀ —same labeled as the holotype (JW).</p> <p>Diagnosis. This new subspecies is best distinguished from the nominotypical form by the shape of antennomeres 9–11 (Figs 38, 39 vs. Figs 36, 37); by the proportions of hind tibiae and tarsi—mean HTbL/HTaL = 1.25 vs. HTbL/ HTaL = 1.32; by virtually transverse, clearly dilated in lateral portion central dot (Figs 11, 94, 95 vs. Figs 9, 10, 90–93) and by shorter elytra—mean EL/AL = 2.48 vs. mean EL/AL = 2.61.</p> <p>Description. TL = 10.2 mm in male, 11.6 mm in female.</p> <p>Head shining black-blue with light violet reflection; orbital plates slightly striated in posterior third; frons semi-circular (see above), slightly downward anteriorly (see at the side), smooth, frontal sulci deep and indistinctly convergent in anterior 2/3, shallow and sharply divergent in posterior third; occiput flat or slightly concave in anterior margin. Mandibles in male brown underside, pale-yellow topside with brown teeth and apical molar; in female dark brown except yellow-brown basal half of topside. Two basal labial palpomeres light brown, palpomere 3 pale-yellow with brown apex, apical palpomere dark brown; palpomeres 1 and 2 of maxillary palpi brown, palpomeres 3 and 4 brown-black. Antennae barely extend shoulders, antennomeres 9–11 in males distinctly dilated and slightly club-shaped, antennomeres 9 and 10 with protruding downward anterior lower margins, antennomere 11 with sharply cut straight anterior margin (Fig. 39); antennomeres 9 and 10 in female only slightly protruding downward, antennomere 11 oval with protruding apex (Fig. 38). Labrum as long as width (LL = LW— 1.2 mm in male; 1.5 mm in female), in male black-brown with medium-sized yellow-brown apical spot clearly separated from central apical teeth (Fig. 60), in female with small barely visible brown spot in anterior third (Fig. 61).</p> <p>Pronotum shining black-blue; indistinctly transverse, PW/PL = 1.05–1.06 (mean = 1.05, n = 2), apical lobe indistinctly wider in central portion; thorax shining blue with light golden reflection.</p> <p>Fore femora yellow-brown with blue-tinged posterior side; middle femora in male black-brown with yellowbrown base and light blue-tinged anterior margin, in female entirely brown with blue tinge; hind femora pale-yellow in basal third and black with blue tinge in apical 2/3; fore and middle tibiae in male light brown in basal third and dark-brown blue-tinged in apical third; hind tibia entirely black with violet reflection; in female all tibiae black with blue lustre; tarsi black with indistinct blue tinge; HTbL/HTaL = 1.24–1.25 (mean = 1.25, n = 2).</p> <p>Elytra shining blue with light purple-violet reflection; indistinctly divergent toward apex, EL/EW = 1.95–1.97 (mean = 1.96, n = 2); punctuation deep and regular between base of humeral hump and central dot, shallower and sparse in the middle and practically absent in apical quarter; scutellum black with blue tinge; apical margin clearly cut. Elytral pattern consists of pale-yellow very small basal portion of humeral lunule (see in front) and elongate practically transverse central dot clearly dilated in lateral portion; basal dot virtually invisible in male, entirely absent in female (Figs 11, 94, 95).</p> <p>Aedeagus gradually sinuate with elongate rounded apex lacking lateral carinae (Fig. 135); AL = 2.6 mm, EL/AL = 2.48.</p> <p>Etymology. This new species is named after the type area—Chinese Tibet Autonomous Region.</p> <p>Distribution. CHINA: Tibet Autonomous Region (Cha Yu [= Zayü] County) (Fig. 184).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/050B87D78D472466E1B81A80FB567460	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Matalin, Andrey V.;Wiesner, Jürgen	Matalin, Andrey V., Wiesner, Jürgen (2023): Revision of the Therates fruhstorferi complex (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 5256 (5): 401-433, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5256.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5256.5.1
050B87D78D482466E1B81BD1FD3671CC.text	050B87D78D482466E1B81BD1FD3671CC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Therates ziyardamensis Matalin et Wiesner 2023	<div><p>Therates ziyardamensis Matalin et Wiesner, sp. n.</p> <p>Figs 12, 35, 64, 96, 131.</p> <p>Therates fruhstorferi vitalisi W. Horn, 1913 — Wiesner 1999: 372; Cassola &amp; Klícha 2002: 39.</p> <p>Type material. HOLOTYPE, ♂— MYANMAR N (Burma), 65 km NW Putao, 1250 m, Zi Yar Dam vill., 18– 21.05.1998, leg. S. Murzin &amp; V. Sinyaev (JW).</p> <p>Diagnosis. This new species is reliably distinguished from T. vitalisi, T. biserratus, T. hunanensis sp. n., T. sauteri and T. motoensis by apex of aedeagus without lateral carinae (Fig. 131 vs. Figs 152–174). From T. fruhstorferi and T. pseudovitalisi sp. n. this new species is recognized by thin apex of aedeagus (Fig. 131 vs. Figs 115–130 and Figs 132–135, respectively) as well as by the rough punctuation of the elytra (Figs 12, 96 vs. Figs 1, 3–11, 81–95).</p> <p>Description. TL = 10.6 mm. Head black with distinct violet reflection; orbital plates finely but distinctly striated in posterior third; frons semi-circular, with distinct impression and transverse rugoses (see above), slightly downward anteriorly (see at side), frontal sulci very deep, distinctly convergent in anterior half and shallow and sharply divergent posteriorly; occiput flat with shallow impression anteriorly. Mandibles dark brown underside, yellow-pale topside, with brown teeth and apical molar. Labial palpi pale with dark-brown apical palpomeres; maxillary palpomeres 1 and 2 light brown, palpomeres 3 and 4 dark brown. Antennae not extend shoulders, black, antennomeres 1–5 with light violet tinge and brown apices, antennomeres 9–11 club-shaped, antennomeres 9 and 10 serrated, with downward anterior lower margins, antennomere 11 clearly dilated with abrupt apical margin (Fig. 35). Labrum as wide as long (LL = LW— 1.4 mm), black-brown with large elongate apical yellow spot unseparated from central apical teeth (Fig. 64).</p> <p>Pronotum shining black with blue-violet reflection; as wide as long (PL = PW— 1.9 mm), apical lobe slightly wider in medial part; thorax black with distinct blue reflection.</p> <p>Fore femora pale along anterior margin and black with violet tinge along posterior margin; middle femora pale in basal half and black with violet tinge in apical half; hind femora pale in basal third and black with violet tinge in apical 2/3; tibiae black with distinct violet lustre; tarsi black with light violet tinge except brown apices of all apical tarsomeres; HTbL/HTaL = 1.22.</p> <p>Elytra black-blue with bright purple-violet reflection; indistinctly divergent in apical third, EL/EW = 1.94 (EL = 6.6 mm, EW = 3.4 mm); punctuation deep and regular in basal 3/4 except humeral area, in apical quarter shallow and tenuous; scutellum black with violet tinge, apical margin rounded but shortly top-cut. Elytral pattern presented by small pale basal portion of humeral lunule (see in front) and relatively short practically transverse central dot indistinctly dilated in lateral portion (Figs 12, 96).</p> <p>Aedeagus (only apical half) with thin elongate slightly sinuate rounded apex, without lateral carinae (Fig. 131).</p> <p>Female unknown.</p> <p>Etymology. This new species is named after the type locality—Zi Yar Dam village.</p> <p>Distribution. MYANMAR: Kachin State (Fig. 184).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/050B87D78D482466E1B81BD1FD3671CC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Matalin, Andrey V.;Wiesner, Jürgen	Matalin, Andrey V., Wiesner, Jürgen (2023): Revision of the Therates fruhstorferi complex (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 5256 (5): 401-433, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5256.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5256.5.1
050B87D78D492462E1B819E1FDDA74F0.text	050B87D78D492462E1B819E1FDDA74F0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Therates vitalisi W. Horn 1913	<div><p>Therates vitalisi W. Horn, 1913</p> <p>Figs 15–18, 45, 46, 65–70, 99–102, 152–166.</p> <p>Therates vitalisi W. Horn, 1913: 363 (Type locality— Lao Kay, Tonkin).</p> <p>Therates vitalisi W. Horn, 1913 — Horn 1915: 439; Matalin 2014: 300; Wiesner &amp; Geiser 2016: 88; Putchkov &amp; Matalin 2017: 245; Wiesner et al. 2017: 40; Wiesner 2020: 95.</p> <p>Therates fruhstorferi vitalisi W. Horn, 1913 — Horn 1926: 114, 1929: 19; Wiesner 1988: 40, 1992: 92; Cassola 1985: 510; Lorenz 1998: 38, 2005: 117; Sawada &amp; Wiesner 1999a: 36, 1999b: 69, 2002: 84, 2004: 263; Hua 2002: 5; Puchkov &amp; Matalin 2003: 115; Shook &amp; Wiesner 2006: 20; Shook &amp; Wu 2007: 68; Wu &amp; Shook 2007: 39, 2010: 90; Wu 2011: 31.</p> <p>Therates biserratus Tan, et al. 1991— Tan &amp; Ma 2004: 272.</p> <p>Type material. HOLOTYPE, ♀ (by monotypy)—“ Lao Kay, Tonkin, 3-5.13, Vitalis“ [hand-written white label], “Type, coll. W Horn ” [printed red label], “Coll. DEI, Eberswalde” [printed white label]; “ vitalisi, Horn ” [handwritten white label]; “ Syntypus ” [printed red label]; “ fruhstorferi, vitalisi W. Horn, det. Wiesner 86” [printed white label]; “ Coll. W. Horn, DEI Eberswalde” [printed white label]; “ F. Vitalisi ssp. mihi ” [hand-written white label]; “ DEI Müncheberg, Col – 04819” [printed light green label] (SDEI).</p> <p>Addition material. CHINA, Sichuan Prov.: 4♂♂ 3♀♀ — Liangshan, Meigu, Bapu Town, 1995 m, 29.7.2022, coll. Li Yingbing (XX); Hunan Prov.: 1♀ — Chengbu County, [Shaoyang], Mt Nan-Shan-Ding, 1– 10.08.2006, Li Jingke (JW); Yunnan Prov.: 1♀ —[Pu'er = Simao], Jinggu county, Mt Longtanshan, 1– 20.06.2009 (JW); VIETNAM, Lao Cai Prov.: 1♂ 2♀♀ —Hoang Lien Son Mnt. Range, Hoang Lien Son Nat. Res., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.833336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.333334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.833336/lat 22.333334)">Sa Pa</a> vill. env., h = 1250–1300 m, 22 o 20’N 103 o 50’E, 4.VI.1998, leg. A. Napolov (AN, MSPU); 2♀♀ —mountains near Sa-Pa, 1600–2000 m, 7– 11.8.1962, leg. Kabakov (ZIN); 1♂ 1♀ — ibid, 1600–1800 m, 4.6.1963, leg. Kabakov (ZIN); 1♂ — Tonkin, Chapa, Jeanvoine, coll. Klynstra (SDEI); 1♂ 1♀ — Fan Si Pan Mnt., h = 2380 m, 20.V.1994, leg. V. Sinyaev (PU); Yen Bai Prov.: 1♀ —Yen Bai, 8.2020 (AA); Phu Tho Prov.: 5♂♂ 2♀♀ — 90 km W of Hanoi, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.94417&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.116945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.94417/lat 21.116945)">Xuan Son Nat. Park</a>, h = 400–700 m, 21 o 07’01’’N 104 o 56’39’’E, 6– 15.VI.2014, leg. D. Fedorenko (SIEE, MSPU); 4♂♂ 1♀ — ibid, h = 400–470m, 21 o 07’52’’N 104 o 57’07’’E, 6– 15.VI.2014, leg. D. Fedorenko (SIEE, MSPU); Hoa Binh Prov.: 1♀ — Mai Chau distr., Pa Co, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.916664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.733334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.916664/lat 20.733334)">Xa Linh</a>, h =1120 m, 20 o 44’N 104 o 55’E, 22–24.IV.2002, leg. S. Belokobylsky (ZIN); Thanh Hoa Prov.: 1♂ 2♀♀ —Ban Vin env., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.970276&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.979168" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.970276/lat 19.979168)">Xuan Lien Natn. Park</a>, h ~ 900 m, 19 o 58’45’’N 104 o 58’13’’E, 2– 11.VI.2022, leg. D. Fedorenko (SIEE, MSPU); Nghe An Prov.: 3♂♂ 3♀♀ — Que Phong distr., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.79639&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.755278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.79639/lat 19.755278)">Pu Hoat National Park</a>, h = 840 m, 19 o 45’19’’N 104 o 47’47’’E, 15– 27.V.2019, leg. D. Fedorenko (SIEE, MSPU); Quang Binh Prov.: 1♀ —Phong Nha-Ke Bang N.P., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.33305&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.439999" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.33305/lat 17.439999)">Bo Trach</a>, h ~ 555 m, 17 o 26’24’’N 106 o 19’59’’E, 12– 21.V.2022, leg. D. Fedorenko (SIEE); LAOS, Luang Namtha Prov.: 1♀ — Nam Long, 23.IV.1918, R. Vitalis de Salvaza (SDEI); 1♂ 1♀ — 20 km NW Louang Namtha, 900–1100 m, 21 o 09.2’N 101 o 18.7’E, 5– 30.V.1997, leg. C. Holzschuh, E. Jendek, O. Šauša (JW); 2♂♂ 1♀ — ibid, alt. 900±100 m, leg. E. Jendek &amp; O. Šauša (JW); 7♂♂ 3♀♀ — 15 km NW Louang Namtha, 21 o 07.5’N 101 o 21.0’E, alt. 750±100 m, 13– 24.V.1997, leg. E. Jendek &amp; O. Šauša (JW); Luang Prabang Prov.: 2♂♂ 2♀♀ — <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.96667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.583334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.96667/lat 19.583334)">Thong Khan</a>, ~ 750m, 19 o 35’N 101 o 58’E, 11– 21.V.2002, leg. Vit Kubaň (JW); Bolikhamsai Prov.: 6♂♂ 5♀♀ — Ban Nape—Kaev Nua Pass, 18 o 23.3’N 105 o 09.1’E (GPS), alt. 600±100 m, 18.4– 1.5.1998, leg. E. Jendek &amp; O. Šauša (JW); 4♂♂ 9♀♀ — <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.13333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.13333/lat 18.35)">Ban Nape</a> (8 km NE), 18 o 21’N 105 o 08’E, ~ 600 m, 1– 18.5.2001, leg. Vit Kubaň &amp; P. Pacholátko (JW).</p> <p>References. CHINA, Guangxi Prov.: Shangsi Hongai Forest Farm, 350 m, 29.V.1999 (Tan &amp; Ma 2004 —as T. biserratus); Yunnan Prov.: Wenshan, Funing County, Hongmu Dashan, 1885 m, 24.VII.2006 (Shook &amp; Wu 2007); VIETNAM, Phu Tho Prov.: 1♂—Xuan Son National Park, 500 m (at light), 18–20.VI.2012, L. Bartolozzi, S. Bambi, F. Fabiano, E. Orbach; Vinh Phuc Prov.: 1♂ 1♀ —Tam Dao Dist., Tam Dao National Park, 21 o 47’52”N 105 o 63’00”E, 950 m, 1–3.VI.2013, E. Orbach; Hoa Binh Prov., 1♂—Mai Chau Dist., Pa Co Hang Kia Nature Reserve, 22 o 74’12”N 104 o 93’95” E, 970 m, 8–12.VI.2013, E. Orbach (all Wiesner et al. 2017); LAOS, Luangnamtha Prov.: 1 ♂—Namtha → Muang Sing, 21 o 09’N 101 o 19’E, 900–1200 m, 5–31.V.1997, leg. V. Kubán (Sawada &amp; Wiesner 1999b; Wiesner &amp; Geiser 2016); Savannakhet Prov., Ban Samang (Wiesner 1988).</p> <p>Diagnosis. Therates vitalisi is easily distinguished from T. fruhstorferi, T. pseudovitalisi sp. n. and T. ziyardamensis sp. n. by the apex of aedeagus with lateral carinae (Figs 152–166 vs. Figs 115–151). From T. sauteri, T. biserratus, T. hunanensis sp. n. and T. motoensis it is recognised by the shape of antennomeres 8–11 of male (Figs 45, 46 vs. Figs 40–44, 48, 49), and by the shape of aedeagus (Figs 152–167 vs. Figs 168–174). Moreover, from T. biserratus and T. hunanensis sp. n. this species is distinguished by the absence of an apical dot (Figs 15, 17–19, 21, 99–102 vs. Figs 22, 24, 25, 105–108), from T. sauteri and T. hunanensis sp. n. —by labral yellow spot distinctly separated from central apical teeth (Figs 65–70 vs. Figs 75–80), from T. hunanensis sp. n. —by black hind tibiae and tarsi (Figs 15, 17–19, 21 vs. Fig. 25).</p> <p>Redescription. TL = 11.0– 12.6 mm in males (mean = 11.78 mm, n = 30), 11.0– 13.3 mm (mean 12.44 mm, n = 29) in females.</p> <p>Head shining black-blue with violet reflection; orbital plates smooth or indistinctly striated in posterior third; frons semi-circular (see above), slightly downward anteriorly (see at side), smooth or shallowly transverse striated, frontal sulci deep, semi-circular and slightly convergent in anterior 2/3, very shallow and distinctly divergent in posterior third; occiput slightly concave in anterior margin. Mandibles in males brown underside, pale-yellow topside with light-brown teeth and apical molar; in females dark-brown except pale basal half of topside. Apical and basal labial palpomeres brown, palpomeres 2 and 3 pale-yellow; maxillary palpi brown with dark brown apical palpomere and yellow-brown palpomere 2. Antennae do not extend posteriorly to the shoulders, scape pale on anterior side and brown-black on posterior side; antennomeres 2–5 black with indistinctly violet tinge and light brown apices, antennomeres 8–10 in males with protruding downward lower anterior margins, antennomeres 9 and 10 sharply serrated, antennomere 11 sharply dilated with abrupt straight anterior margin (Fig. 46); in females less dilated with slightly protruding margins (Fig. 45). Labrum indistinctly transverse, LW/LL = 1.0–1.08 (mean = 1.04, n = 59), black-brown with medium-sized yellow apical spot clearly separated from central apical teeth (Figs 65, 69, 70), in some specimens, mostly in females, weakly visible (Figs 66, 68) or entirely absent (Fig. 67).</p> <p>Pronotum shining blue with violet reflection; indistinctly transverse, PW/PL = 1.0–1.1 (mean = 1.03, n = 59), glabrous and smooth, in some specimens finely short-striated, apical lobe equally wide throughout; thorax shining blue with violet reflection.</p> <p>Fore and middle femora yellow-brown with violet-tinged top side; hind femora red-brown in basal third and black with violet tinge in apical 2/3, in some specimens middle and hind femora coloured identically; fore and middle tibiae especially in males light yellow-brown with dark-brown apices and lateral inner margin with blueviolet lustre, or dark-brown with black apices, or entirely black especially in females; hind tibiae entirely black with violet tinge; tarsi black with violet tinge; HTbL/HTaL = 1.13–1.3 (mean = 1.21, n = 59).</p> <p>Elytra black-blue with purple-violet reflection; sub-parallel or indistinctly divergent toward apex, EL/EW = 1.86–2.14 (mean = 2.01, n = 59); punctuation deep and regular between basal humps and central dot, in apical quarter shallow and sparse; scutellum black with blue tinge; apical margin shortly cut. Elytral pattern presented by yellow basal portion of humeral lunule, small or very small basal dot (Figs 17, 18, 100) entirely reduced in some specimens (Figs 15, 99, 101, 102) as well as elongate slightly oblique wide-uniformed or slightly dilated in lateral portion central dot (Figs 15, 17, 18, 99–101), very thin in some specimens (Fig. 102).</p> <p>Aedeagus in most specimens with short clearly curved blunt apex (Figs 153–164) and distinct lateral carinae (Figs 152–166), rarely apex indistinctly curved (Fig. 166) or virtually straight (Fig. 165); AL = 2.6–3.1 mm (mean = 2.87, n = 30), EL/AL = 2.42–2.73 mm (mean = 2.58, n = 30).</p> <p>Distribution. CHINA: Sichuan, Hunan, Guangxi, Yunnan Provinces; VIETNAM: Lao Cai, Yen Bai, Phu Tho, Vinh Phuc, Hoa Binh, Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, Quang Binh Provinces; LAOS: Luang Namtha, Luang Prabang, Bolikhamsai, Savannakhet Provinces (Fig. 184).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/050B87D78D492462E1B819E1FDDA74F0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Matalin, Andrey V.;Wiesner, Jürgen	Matalin, Andrey V., Wiesner, Jürgen (2023): Revision of the Therates fruhstorferi complex (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 5256 (5): 401-433, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5256.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5256.5.1
050B87D78D4C2463E1B81A34FCAC74CC.text	050B87D78D4C2463E1B81A34FCAC74CC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Therates vitalisi subsp. ida Mandl 1954	<div><p>Therates vitalisi ida Mandl, 1954</p> <p>Figs 19–21, 47, 71, 72, 103, 104, 167.</p> <p>Therates fruhstorferi ida Mandl, 1954: 159 (Type locality— China, Kuatun, Fukien).</p> <p>Therates fruhstorferi ida Mandl, 1954 — Mandl 1955: 335; Cassola 1985: 510; Hua 2002: 5.</p> <p>Therates fruhstorferi vitalisi W. Horn, 1913 — Wiesner 1988: 40, 1992: 92; Lorenz 1998: 38, 2005: 117; Puchkov &amp; Matalin 2003: 115.</p> <p>Therates vitalisi W. Horn, 1913 — Wang 2009: 110; Putchkov &amp; Matalin 2017: 245; Wiesner 2020: 95.</p> <p>Type material. HOLOTYPE, ♂ (by original designation)—“Kuatun (2300 m), 27.40n. Br., 117.40ö. L., J. Klapperich, 25.6.1938 (Fukien)” [printed violet label], “Type Therates, Fruhstorferi, Ida m, Ing. K. Mandl ” [printed and handwritten red label], “Holotypus” [printed red label], “ Therates fruhstorferi, ida Mandl” [typed white label], “ MUSEUM KOENIG, BONN ” [printed orange label] (ZFMK). PARATYPES: 1♀ —“ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-117.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.4" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -117.4/lat 27.4)">Kuatun</a> (2300 m) 27.40n. Br., 117.40ö. L., J. Klapperich, 30.5.1938 (Fukien)“ [printed violet label], “ CoType Therates Fruhstorferi Ida m., Ing. K.Mandl “ [printed and hand-written red label], “ Coll. Ing. K. Mandl ” [printed light blue label]; 1♀ —“KUATUN, FUKIEN, China, 6.8.46, (TSCHUNG SEN.)” [printed and hand-written white label], “ParaType Therates Fruhstorferi, ssp. Ida m., Ing. K.Mandl “ [printed and hand-written red label], “ Coll. Ing. K. Mandl ” [printed light blue label]; 1♀ — “KUATUN, FUKIEN, China, 21.7.46, (TSCHUNG SEN.)” [printed and hand-written white label], “ParaType Therates, Fruhstorferi ssp., Ida m., Ing. K. Mandl ” [printed and hand-written red label], “ Coll. Ing. K. Mandl ” [printed light blue label] (all NHMB).</p> <p>Addition material. CHINA: 1♀ —Kuatun, Fukien /Tschung Sen/, 6 Sept. 1946, coll. Klapperich (JW).</p> <p>Reference. CHINA, Zhejiang Prov.: Wuyanlin (Wang 2009).</p> <p>Diagnosis. This subspecies is distinguished from the nominotypical subspecies by distinctly transverse labrum in male—LW/LL = 1.14 vs. LW/LL = 1.0–1.08 (Fig. 71 vs. Fig. 65, 69, 70), less serrated antennomeres 9–10, as well as red-brown or brown fore- and middle femora.</p> <p>Redescription. TL = 11.8 mm in male, 12.3–13.0 mm (mean = 12.78 mm, n = 4) in females.</p> <p>Head shining blue with violet reflection; orbital plates indistinctly striated in posterior third; frons smooth, slightly elevated, wide semi-circular (see above), practically vertical, slightly expanded forward (see at side), frontal sulci deep and poorly convergent in anterior 2/3, clearly divergent in posterior third; occiput slightly concave in anterior margin. Mandibles in male brown underside, yellow-brown topside with light-brown teeth and apical molar; in females black except yellow-brown basal third of topside. Labial palpi yellow-brownish, except brown apical palpomeres; palpomeres 1 and 2 of maxillary palpi light brown, palpomeres 3 and 4 dark brown. Antennae do not extend posteriorly to the shoulders, scape brown on anterior side and black on posterior side; antennomeres 2–5 black with indistinctly blue tinge and brown apices, antennomeres 9 and 10 in male with serrated anterior lower margins; in female less delated with slightly protruding margins (Fig. 47). Labrum distinctly transverse in male(Fig. 71), LW/LL = 1.14, indistinctly transverse in females (Fig. 72), LW/LL = 1.0–1.07 (mean = 1.05, n = 4), blackbrownish with medium-sized or small apical yellow spot separated from central apical teeth.</p> <p>Pronotum shining blue with light violet tinge; indistinctly transverse, PW/PL = 1.0–1.07 (mean = 1.03, n = 5), apical lobe practically equal wide throughout; thorax shining blue with violet reflection.</p> <p>Fore and middle femora red-brown or brown with blue-tinged base and knees; hind femora black with blueviolet lustre except pale-yellow base; fore and middle tibiae red-brown; hind tibiae black or brown-black, all tibia with blue tinge; tarsi black with light blue tinge; HTbL/HTaL = 1.21–1.27 (mean = 1.24, n = 5).</p> <p>Elytra black-blue with purple reflection, practically sub-parallel, EL/EW = 1.98–2.1 (mean = 2.02, n = 5); punctuation in basal half except humeral area deep and regular, then shallow and sparse, apical quarter practically smooth; scutellum black with blue tinge; apical margin indistinctly cut. Elytral pattern presented by small basal portion of humeral lunule, small basal dot poorly visible in some specimens and elongated slightly oblique central dot (Figs 19, 21, 103, 104).</p> <p>Aedeagus with short sharply curved blunt apex and distinct lateral carinae (Fig. 167); AL = 2.9, EL/AL = 2.52.</p> <p>Distribution. CHINA: Fujian, Zhejiang Provinces (Fig. 184).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/050B87D78D4C2463E1B81A34FCAC74CC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Matalin, Andrey V.;Wiesner, Jürgen	Matalin, Andrey V., Wiesner, Jürgen (2023): Revision of the Therates fruhstorferi complex (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 5256 (5): 401-433, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5256.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5256.5.1
050B87D78D4D2460E1B81A68FBBD74CC.text	050B87D78D4D2460E1B81A68FBBD74CC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Therates biserratus Tan, Mo, Liang 1991	<div><p>Therates biserratus Tan, Mo, Liang, 1991, stat. rest.</p> <p>Figs 22–24, 44, 73, 74, 105, 106, 168.</p> <p>Therates biserratus Tan et al. 1991: 243 (type locality— China, Guizhou Province, Jiangkou County).</p> <p>Therates biserratus Tan et al. 1991 — Tan 1992: 341, 1993: 257; Lei &amp; Zhou 1998: 63; Lorenz 1998: 38, 2005: 116.</p> <p>Therates fruhstorferi fruhstorferi W. Horn, 1902 — Shook &amp; Wu 2007: 68; Wu 2011: 36; Putchkov &amp; Matalin 2017: 245; Wiesner 2020: 95.</p> <p>Type material. PARATYPE of Therates biserratus Tan, Mo, Liang, 1991, ♀ (digital photo by H. Liang)—“ OiNJNjũ RDZÜƑ 850m Ẍøƙ ” [hand-written white label], “ IOZ (E) 1437429” [printed white label], “ Therates biserratus sp.n., AEƜflẓớaeẅ, 1987” [hand-written and printed white label] (IOZ).</p> <p>Additional material. CHINA, Guizhou Prov.: 1♂—CH– Guizhou NE, 20 km NW of Jiangkou, Fanjing ShanKuaichang, 27. V –3. VI.1995, leg. E. Jendek &amp; O. Šauša (JW).</p> <p>References. CHINA, Guizhou Prov.: Shiqian County, Jinxing vill., 900 m (Tan 1993 —as T. fruhstorferi); China, Hubei Prov., Hefeng County, 1100–1400 m (Tan 1993; Lei &amp; Zhou 1998); China, Hubei Prov., Xuanen County, 1200 m (Tan 1993).</p> <p>Diagnosis. From related T. vitalisi, T. sauteri and T. hunanensis sp. n. this species is best distinguished by smooth orbital plates, by the shape of antennomeres 9–11 (Fig. 44 vs. Figs 42, 43, 45–49), and by the shape of aedeagus (Fig. 168 vs. Figs 152–167, 169–171, 173, 174). Moreover from T. sauteri and T. hunanensis sp. n. this species is distinguished by yellow spot of labrum distinctly separated from central apical teeth (Figs 73, 74 vs. Figs 75–80), and from T. hunnanensis sp. n. —by entirely black hind tibia and tarsi (Figs 22, 24 vs. Fig. 25) as well as by narrow apical dot not extending to the suture (Figs 22, 24, 105, 106 vs. Figs 25, 107, 108).</p> <p>Redescription. TL (according to the original description) = 13.5 mm in male, 14.5 mm in female; TL (studied specimen) = 11.1 mm in male.</p> <p>Head black with distinct blue-violet reflection; orbital plates smooth; frons plain and semi-circular (see above), slightly downward anteriorly (see at side), frontal sulci rather deep, slightly convergent in anterior 2/3; occiput slightly impressed anteriorly. Mandibles brown underside, pale topside with brown teeth and apical molar. Labial palpi pale with brown apical and basal palpomeres; maxillary palpi brown except pale palpomere 2. Antennae barely extend posteriorly to the shoulders, scape light-brown on anterior side and brown-black on posterior side; antennomere 2 black-brown; antennomeres 3–5 brown with light violet lustre and light brown apices, antennomeres 9–11 short, broad and flattened, anterior lower margins of antennomeres 9 and 10 in males sharply serrated, antennomere 11 very wide and sharply abrupt anteriorly (Fig. 44); in female barely dilated and protruding. Labrum in male as long as wide, LW/LL—1.03, with straight lateral margins, black-brown with medium-sized yellow apical spot narrowly separated from central black apical teeth (Figs 73, 74).</p> <p>Pronotum shiny black with bright blue-violet reflection; slightly transverse, PW/PL = 1.1 (PW = 2.2 mm, PL = 2.0 mm), apical lobe practically equal wide throughout; thorax black with distinct violet reflection.</p> <p>Fore femora pale along anterolateral margins and black-brown with violet lustre along posterior margin; middle femora pale in basal third, yellow-brown on posterior side and black-brown with violet lustre in 2/3 apical part on anterior side; hind femora black with violet reflection in apical 2/3 and pale in basal third; fore and middle tibiae light brown on dorsal side and dark brown on ventral side with brown-black apices and light violet tinge; hind tibiae black with violet lustre; tarsi brown-black with violet tinge; HTbL/HTaL = 1.2.</p> <p>Elytra black with bright violet-purple reflection; indistinctly divergent toward apex, EL/EW = 1.87 (EL = 7.1 mm, EW = 3.8 mm); punctuation of elytral disc deep and regular between basal humps and central dot, then shallow and sparse, in apical quarter indistinct and irregular; scutellum black-brown; apical margin shortly cut. Elytral pattern presented by four isolated pale spots: triangular basal portion of humeral lunule, distinct basal dot separated from the suture, wide prolonged and distinctly oblique central dot as well as narrow not extend the suture apical dot (Figs 22, 24, 105, 106).</p> <p>Aedeagus with very short slightly curved blunt apex and short lateral carinae (Fig. 168); AL = 2.5 mm; EL/AL = 2.84.</p> <p>Distribution. CHINA: Guizhou Province (Jiangkou and Yinjiang Counties) (Fig. 184).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/050B87D78D4D2460E1B81A68FBBD74CC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Matalin, Andrey V.;Wiesner, Jürgen	Matalin, Andrey V., Wiesner, Jürgen (2023): Revision of the Therates fruhstorferi complex (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 5256 (5): 401-433, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5256.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5256.5.1
050B87D78D4E247AE1B81A68FBB4771C.text	050B87D78D4E247AE1B81A68FBB4771C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Therates hunanensis Matalin et Wiesner 2023	<div><p>Therates hunanensis Matalin et Wiesner, sp. n.</p> <p>Figs 25, 42, 43, 75, 76, 107, 108, 169–171.</p> <p>Therates fruhstorferi fruhstorferi W. Horn, 1902 — Tan 1993: 257.</p> <p>Type material. HOLOTYPE, ♂ — China, S Hunan, 900–1300 m, SHUNHUANGSHAN for. park, 26 o 22-24’N 111 o 01-02’E, 20.VI.2013, Jatua leg. (JW); PARATYPES, 2♂♂ 1♀ —same labeled as the holotype (1♂ 1♀ — JW; 1♂ — MSPU).</p> <p>Additional material. CHINA, Hunan Prov.: 1♂ — Tiang Ping Shan, 12.VIII.1998, 1400 m, Wang Shu Yong (XX).</p> <p>References. CHINA, Hunan Prov.: Sangzhi County, Tianping Mt., 1370–1570 m (Tan 1993 —as T. fruhstorferi).</p> <p>Diagnosis. From related T. vitalisi, T. sauteri and T. biserratus a new species is easily recognised by the smaller size (mean)— 10.93 mm vs. 12.44 mm in T. vitalisi, 11.8 mm in T. sauteri, and 11.1 mm in T. biserratus, by distinctly striated orbital plates in posterior third, by the shape of antennomeres 9–11 (Figs 42, 43 vs. Figs 44–49), by wide apical dot (Figs 25, 107, 108 vs. Figs 15, 17–19, 21, 22, 24, 26, 28, 99–106, 109–114), by pale hind tibia and coloration of hind tarsi (Fig. 25 vs. Figs 15, 17–19, 21, 22, 24, 26, 28), as well as by the shape of aedeagus (Figs 169–171 vs. Figs 152–168, 173, 174); additionally from T. biserratus a new species is clearly distinguished by wide apical dot extend the suture (Figs 25, 107, 108 vs. Figs 22, 24, 105, 106).</p> <p>Description. TL = 10.4–11.3 mm in males (mean = 10.7 mm, n = 3), 11.6 mm in female.</p> <p>Head black with blue-violet reflection; orbital plates distinctly striated in posterior third; frons slightly elevated in anterior third (see above), slightly downward anteriorly (in lateral view), frontal sulci deep, slightly convergent in anterior half and clearly divergent in posterior half; occiput flat. Mandibles in males light-brown underside, pale topside with light-brown teeth and apical molar; in female dark brown except pale basal half of topside. Labial palpi pale except brown apical palpomere; palpomeres 1 and 2 of maxillary palpi pale, palpomeres 3 and 4 light-brown and brown, respectively. Antennae extend posteriorly to the shoulders; scape pale on anterior side and brown-black on posterior side; antennomere 2 dark-brown or brown-black; antennomeres 3–6 black-brown topside and yellowbrown underside; antennomeres 9 and 10 in males with protruding downward anterior lower margins (Fig. 43); in female slightly dilated anteriorly; antennomere 11 in males oval with slightly elongated apex, in female sharply abrupt anteriorly (Fig. 42). Labrum indistinctly elongate, LL/LW = 1.0–1.08 (mean = 1.04, n = 4), trapezoid with straight lateral margins, black-brown with very large yellow apical spot unseparated from central apical teeth; in female apices of apical and lateral teeth red-brown (Fig. 76), in males brown-black (Fig. 75).</p> <p>Pronotum black with blue-violet reflection; as wide as long, PW/PL = 0.98–1.03 (mean = 1.0, n = 4), apical lobe practically equal wide throughout; thorax black with violet reflection.</p> <p>Fore femora pale with brown posterior side; middle femora pale with brown with violet tinge anterior side; hind femora pale or in basal third and black-brown with violet tinge in apical 2/3; fore tibiae pale with black apices and light-brown lateral inner side; middle tibiae pale with black apices; hind tibiae pale with brown-black apices and light-brown lateral inner side (in two males), or brown with violet tinge (in one male and in female); fore tarsi black with light violet tinge except dark brown tarsomeres 1 and 2 with black apices; middle and hind tarsi black except yellow-brown or brown tarsomere 1 with black apex; HTbL/HTaL = 1.16–1.24 (mean = 1.19, n = 4).</p> <p>Elytra black with blue-violet reflection, sub-parallel or indistinctly divergent toward apex, EL/EW = 2.0–2.09 (mean = 2.03, n = 4); punctuation deep and regular between basal humps and oblique central dot, apical quarter glabrous and smooth; scutellum black with light violet tinge; apical margin in males evenly rounded in female shortly cut. Elytral pattern includes four isolated yellow spots: large triangular basal portion of humeral lunule, basal spot large and prolonged to the suture in males, and very small not extend the suture in female, elongate oblique central dot as well as wide apical dot extend the suture (Figs 25, 107, 108).</p> <p>Aedeagus with slightly elongate and indistinctly shortly curved apex and long lateral carinae (Figs 169–171); AL = 2.4–2.6 mm (mean = 2.5 mm, n = 3); EL/AL = 2.54—2.92 (mean = 2.74, n = 3).</p> <p>Etymology. A new species is named for the type area—Chinese province Hunan.</p> <p>Distribution. CHINA: Hunan Province (Dong’an and Chengbu Counties) (Fig. 184).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/050B87D78D4E247AE1B81A68FBB4771C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Matalin, Andrey V.;Wiesner, Jürgen	Matalin, Andrey V., Wiesner, Jürgen (2023): Revision of the Therates fruhstorferi complex (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 5256 (5): 401-433, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5256.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5256.5.1
050B87D78D54247AE1B81818FC917184.text	050B87D78D54247AE1B81818FC917184.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Therates motoensis Tan 1981	<div><p>Therates motoensis Tan, 1981</p> <p>Figs 13, 14, 40, 41, 62, 63, 97, 98, 172.</p> <p>Therates motoensis Tan, 1981: 332 (Type locality— Xizang, Mêdog).</p> <p>Therates fruhstorferi vitalisi W. Horn, 1913 — Wiesner 1988: 40, 1992: 92; Lorenz 1998: 38, 2005: 117; Puchkov &amp; Matalin 2003: 115.</p> <p>Therates motoensis Tan, 1981 — Wu 2011: 31, 37; Wiesner &amp; Bi 2014: 233; Putchkov &amp; Matalin 2017: 245; Wiesner 2020: 95.</p> <p>Material. 1♂ 1♀ — China, Xizang, Motuo, Hanmi, 2100 m, 15–30.VII.2013, leg. Wen-Xuan Bi (JW).</p> <p>References. 3♂♂ 3♀♀ — China, Xizang, Motuo, Hanmi, 2100 m, 15–30.VII.2013, leg. Wen-Xuan Bi; 19♂♂ 17♀♀ — ibid, 12–24.VII.2013; 6♂♂ 8♀♀ — ibid, 25–31. VII.2013; 6♂♂ 2♀♀ — ibid, 23–28.VII.2011; 2♂♂— China, Xizang, Motuo, 1700–2000 m, 18.VIII.2013, leg. Wen-Xuan Bi; 2♂♂ 1♀ — China, Xizang, Motuo, 2100 m, 3.VIII.2012, leg. Chao Wu; 1♀ — China, Xizang, Motuo, Hanmi-A’niqiao, VIII.2005, leg. Hao Huang (Wiesner &amp; Bi 2014).</p> <p>Diagnosis. From all related species T. motoensis is readily distinguished by the bluish-green topside (Figs 13, 14); by the colour of labrum (Figs 62, 63); as well as by the aedeagus clearly dilated in apical third (Fig. 172).</p> <p>Redescription. TL = 11.2–12.9 mm (mean = 12.1 mm, n = 6).</p> <p>Head shining bluish-green with light golden reflection; orbital plates striated throughout or finely striated in posterior third; frons convex, semi-circular, smooth or slightly rugose, frontal sulci deep especially in anterior third, convergent in anterior 2/3, shallow and distinctly divergent in posterior third. Mandibles light brown underside, pale-yellow topside with light-brown teeth and apical molar. Labial and maxillary palpi yellow with slightly darker basal palpomeres. Antennae lanceolate, extending posteriorly nearly to the elytral shoulders in males, somewhat shorter in the females, scape yellow or yellow-brown on anterior side and brown-black on posterior side, remaining antennomeres black, antennomeres 2–5 with light blue tinge, antennomeres 6–11 approximately equal width without protruding downward anterior lower margins (Figs 40, 41). Labrum indistinctly transverse, LW/LL = 1.0–1.14 (mean = 1.07, n = 4), with six–eight apical teeth and seven–nine setae between them, yellowish with black margins and large basal spot in males (Fig. 62), black with yellowish oval apical spot in females (Fig. 63).</p> <p>Pronotum slightly transverse, PW/PL = 1.0–1.1 (mean = 1.03, n = 4), shining bluish-green with light golden tinge, apical lobe slightly wider in middle portion; thorax greenish-blue with light golden tinge.</p> <p>Fore and middle femora pale-yellow along posterior side and black-brown with bluish tinge along anterior side, hind femora pale-yellow in basal half and black with blue tinge in apical half; fore and middle tibiae pale-yellow except narrow brown-black apices, hind tibiae pale-yellow except brown-black basal third, distinctly wider than fore and middle tibiae; tarsomeres 1 and 2 of fore- and middle legs pale-yellow or light brown with darker apices, other tarsomeres dark-brown, all hind tarsomeres pale-yellow except dark-brown apices; HTbL/HTaL = 1.09–1.15 (mean = 1.12, n = 2).</p> <p>Elytra prolonged, indistinctly divergent toward apex, EL/EW = 2.04–2.13 (mean = 2.08, n = 4); longer in females—EL/PL = 4.0–4.25 (mean = 4.13, n = 2) than in males—3.7–3.8 (mean = 3.75, n = 2); shining green with golden reflection; punctuation deep and regular between shoulders and central dot, shallower behind, in apical quarter virtually indistinct; scutellum dark blue with golden-green tinge; apical margin gradually rounded. Elytral pattern presented by very small invisible dorsally yellow basal portion of humeral lunule and small trapezoid yellow central dot (Figs 13, 14, 97, 98).</p> <p>Aedeagus clearly dilated in apical third, with gradually sinuate, prolonged apex (Fig. 172), AL = 2.75–2.9 mm (mean = 2.8, n = 2), EL/AL = 2.69.</p> <p>Distribution. CHINA: Xizang (Mêdog County) (Fig. 184).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/050B87D78D54247AE1B81818FC917184	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Matalin, Andrey V.;Wiesner, Jürgen	Matalin, Andrey V., Wiesner, Jürgen (2023): Revision of the Therates fruhstorferi complex (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 5256 (5): 401-433, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5256.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5256.5.1
050B87D78D5B2470E1B819E1FA5C75E3.text	050B87D78D5B2470E1B819E1FA5C75E3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Therates sauteri W. Horn 1912	<div><p>Therates sauteri W. Horn, 1912, bona sp.</p> <p>Figs 26–28, 48, 49, 77–80, 109–114, 173, 174.</p> <p>Therates fruhstorferi sauteri W. Horn, 1912: 133 (type locality— Taihorin, Formosa).</p> <p>Therates fruhstorferi sauteri W. Horn, 1912 — Horn 1915: 439, 1926: 114; Miwa 1936: 25; Wiesner 1988: 40, 1992: 92, 2020: 95; Cassola 1985: 510; Lorenz 1998: 38, 2005:117; Hua 2002: 5; Werner et al. 2002: 41; Puchkov &amp; Matalin 2003: 115; Shook &amp; Wiesner 2006: 20; Wu &amp; Shook 2010: 90; Wu 2011: 31; Putchkov &amp; Matalin 2017: 245.</p> <p>Type material. LECTOTYPE, ♂ (designated here)—“Taihorin, Formosa, H. Sauter VI.11“ [printed white label]; “Type!, coll. W Horn” [printed white label with black border]; “ Syntypus ” [typewritten red label]; “ fruhstorferi, sauteri W. Horn, det. Wiesner 86” [typewritten white label]; “Coll. W. Horn, DEI Eberswalde” [printed white label]; “ DEI Müncheberg, Col – 04835” [printed light green label], “ LECTOTYPE, Therates fruhstorferi sauteri W. Horn, 1912, design. A. Matalin et J. Wiesner, 2016 ” [printed red label] (SDEI). PARALECTOTYPES (designated here)—1♂ (DEI Müncheberg, Col – 04833) 1♀ (DEI Müncheberg, Col – 04829)—labelled as Holotype; 3♂♂ (DEI Müncheberg, Col – 04822, 04825, 04827) 4♀♀ (DEI Müncheberg, Col – 04823, 04824, 04826, 04828)—“Taihorin, Formosa, H. Sauter VI.11“ [printed white label]; “ Syntypus ” [printed red label]; “Coll. DEI, Eberswalde” [printed white label], “ PARALECTOTYPE, Therates fruhstorferi sauteri W. Horn, 1912, design. A. Matalin et J. Wiesner, 2016 ” [printed red label]; 3♂♂ (DEI Müncheberg, Col – 04830, 04831, 04832)—“Taihorin, Formosa, H. Sauter VI.11“ [printed white label]; “CoType!, coll. W Horn” [handwritten and printed white label with black border]; “Coll. W. Horn, DEI Eberswalde” [printed white label]; “ Syntypus ” [typewritten red label]; “ fruhstorferi, sauteri W. Horn, det. Wiesner 86” [typewritten white label]; “ DEI Müncheberg, Col – 04830” [printed light green label], “ PARALECTOTYPE, Therates fruhstorferi sauteri W. Horn, 1912, design. A. Matalin et J. Wiesner, 2016 ” [printed red label]; 1♀ —“Taihorin, Formosa, H. Sauter VI.11“ [printed white label]; “Type!, coll. W Horn” [printed white label with black border]; “Coll. W. Horn, DEI Eberswalde” [printed white label]; “ Syntypus ” [typewritten red label]; “ fruhstorferi, sauteri W. Horn, det. Wiesner 86” [typewritten white label]; “ F. ssp., Sauteri, m.” [handwritten light yellow label with black border]; “ DEI Müncheberg, Col – 04834” [printed light green label], “ PARALECTOTYPE, Therates fruhstorferi sauteri W. Horn, 1912, design. A. Matalin et J. Wiesner, 2016 ” [printed red label] (SDEI).</p> <p>Additional material. CHINA, Taiwan: 1♂— Ilan Hsien, Yuanshan Hsiang, Fushan Botanical Garden, 29.5.2004, leg. Tzong-Yeng Lin (JW); 1♂— Fushan, Ilan Co., Taiwan, VI-13-1997, L.M. Yaung (JW); 1♀ — Taipei Hsien, Ssuling, Taoyuan, 5. VI.1987, leg. K. La (JW).</p> <p>References. CHINA, Taiwan: 1♂—near Kuangfu, ca. 250 m, 14.V.2001, leg. U. Buchsbaum (Werner et al. 2002); Wulai (Wiesner 1988); Hualien Co, Jungyang Mountains, Butterfly Valley, ca. 350 m, S Kuangfu, near Fuiuan, ca. 23 o 35’N 121 o 21’E, 13–15.V.2001, leg. K. Werner (K. Werner, pers. comm.).</p> <p>Diagnosis. From related T. vitalisi, T. biserratus and T. hunanensis sp. n. this species is clearly distinguished by the shape of antennomeres 9–11 (Figs 48, 49 vs. Figs 42–47), by colouration of hind femora (Figs 26, 28 vs. Figs 15, 17–19, 21, 22, 24, 25), by elytral pattern with only well-developed central dot (Figs 26, 28, 109–114 vs. Figs 15, 17–19, 21, 22, 24, 25, 99–108), as well as by the longer aedeagus with long thin apex (Figs 173, 174 vs. Figs 152–171).</p> <p>Redescription. TL = 10.7–12.9 mm (mean = 11.55 mm, n = 10) in males, 11.5–12.9 mm (mean = 12.16 mm, n = 7) in females.</p> <p>Head black with light blue-violet reflection; orbital plates indistinctly striated in posterior third; frons slightly elevated in anterior third (see above), slightly downward anteriorly (see at side), frontal sulci deep and slightly convergent in anterior half but shallow and widely divergent in basal half; occiput flat. Mandibles pale-yellow or yellow-reddish with brown teeth and apical molar. Labial palpi pale except brown apical palpomere; two basal palpomeres of maxillary palpi pale, palpomeres 3 and 4 light brown or brown. Antennae barely extend shoulders; scape pale on anterior side and brown-black on posterior side; antennomere 2 brown or dark-brown with lighter apex; antennomeres 3–6 dark-brown with light-brown apical third or brown-black with brown apices; antennomeres 9 and 10 in males with protruding downward anterior lower margins, in females barely dilated anteriorly; antennomere 11 in males slightly dilated with abrupt rough anterior margin (Fig. 49), in females elongated with wide rounded apex (Fig. 48). Labrum as long as wide, LW/LL = 0.93–1.08 (mean = 1.01, n = 17), black-brown with large apical yellow spot unseparated from central apical teeth; apical and lateral teeth red-brown (Figs 77–80).</p> <p>Pronotum black with bright blue-violet reflection; indistinctly transverse, PW/PL = 1.0–1.1 (mean = 1.04, n = 17), apical lobe practically equal wide throughout; thorax black with violet reflection.</p> <p>Fore femora pale with dark brown strip on posterior side of knees; middle and hind femora pale with dark brown knees; fore and middle tibiae dark brown with brown basal third or light brown with yellow-brown basal half, hind tibiae black or brown-black with violet tinge; tarsi black with violet tinge, in some specimens tarsomeres 1 and 2 brown-black with black apices; HTbL/HTaL = 1.10–1.20 (mean = 1.15, n = 13).</p> <p>Elytra black with bright blue-violet reflection, sub-parallel or indistinctly divergent toward apex, EL/EW = 1.86–2.08 (mean = 1.95, n = 17); punctuation deep and regular between humeral hump and central dot, shallow and sparse in apical third; scutellum black with violet tinge; apical margin in males shortly cut, in females angularly rounded. Elytral pattern presented by short slightly oblique pale central dot as well as by very small and indistinct brownish basal portion of humeral lunule (see in front) in some specimens (Figs 26, 28, 109–114).</p> <p>Aedeagus with long straight thin apex as well as with short lateral carinae (Figs 173, 174); AL = 2.9–3.2 mm (mean = 3.03, n = 7), EL/AL = 2.27–2.55 mm (mean = 2.41, n = 7).</p> <p>Distribution. CHINA: Taiwan (Fig. 184).</p> <p>Key to species of Therates fruhstorferi complex</p> <p>1(2) Male............................................................................................... 3</p> <p>2(1) Female............................................................................................ 25</p> <p>3(4) Apex of aedeagus with lateral carinae (Figs 152–174)........................................................ 5</p> <p>4(3) Apex of aedeagus with lateral carinae (Figs 115–151)....................................................... 15</p> <p>5(6) Elytra shining green, with very small (see in front of) yellow basal portion of humeral lunule invisible dorsally and small trapezoid yellow central dot (Figs 13, 97). Labrum yellowish with black margins and large black basal spot (Fig. 62). Aedeagus clearly dilated in apical third middle portion (Fig. 172)..................................... T. motoensis Tan, 1981</p> <p>6(5) Elytra shining violet-black or bluish-black with purple lustre, basal portion of humeral lunule large or medium-sized (Figs 17–19, 24–26, 28, 100, 103, 106, 107, 109–111). Labrum black or brown with large or medium-sized pale apical spot (Figs 65, 69–71, 74, 75, 77, 79). Aedeagus not dilated in apical third (Figs 152–171, 173, 174)............................... 7</p> <p>7(8) Elytra with four pale dots including apical one (Figs 24, 25, 106, 107)........................................... 9</p> <p>8(7) Elytra with one–three pale dots, apical dot undeveloped (Figs 17–19, 26, 28, 100, 103, 109–111)..................... 11</p> <p>9(10) Antennomeres 9 and 10 sharply serrated, antennomere 11 very wide and sharply abrupt anteriorly (Fig. 44). Labrum with medium-sized apical yellow spot narrowly separated from apical teeth (Fig. 74). Elytra wider, EL/EW = 1.87; apical lunule thin and not extend the suture (Fig. 106). Hind tibiae as well as middle and hind tarsi entirely black (Fig. 24). Aedeagus with very small blunt apex (Fig. 168); EL/AL = 2.84...................................... T. biserratus Tan, Mo, Liang, 1991</p> <p>10(9) Antennomeres 9 and 10 with protruding downward anterior lower margins, antennomere 11 oval with slightly elongated apex (Fig. 43). Labrum with very large apical yellow spot unseparated from apical teeth (Fig. 75). Elytra narrower, EL/EW = 2.03; apical lunule wide and extend the suture (Fig. 107). Hind tibiae yellow or brown except brown-black apices, middle and hind tarsi black except yellow-brown or brown basal tarsomeres (Fig. 25). Aedeagus with slightly elongate and slightly curved apex (Figs 169–171); EL/AL = 2.74............................................................ T. hunanensis sp.n.</p> <p>11(12) Antennomeres 9 and 10 with downward protruding lower anterior margins, antennomere 11 slightly dilated with abrupt rough anterior margin (Fig. 49). Labrum with large apical yellow spot unseparated from apical teeth (Figs 77, 79). Elytra with very small indistinct basal portion of humeral lunule and relatively short and wide central dot, basal dot undeveloped (Figs 109–111). Hind femora pale with dark brown knees; HTbL/HTaL = 1.15. Aedeagus with long straight thin apex and short lateral carinae (Figs 173, 174); EL/AL = 2.41....................................................... T. sauteri W. Horn, 1912</p> <p>12(11) Antennomeres 9 and 10 sharply serrated, antennomere 11 sharply dilated with abrupt straight anterior margin (Fig. 46). Labrum with small or medium-sized apical yellow spot clearly separated from apical teeth (Figs 65, 69–71). Elytra with clearly-visible basal portion of humeral lunule, small basal dot entirely reduced in some specimens and slightly oblique central dot (Figs 100, 103). Hind femora black except pale-yellow basal third; HTbL/HTaL = 1.21. Aedeagus with short sharply curved apex and long lateral carinae (Figs 152–167); EL/AL = 2.58....................................... T. vitalisi W. Horn, 1913 (13)</p> <p>13(14) Labrum indistinctly transverse, LW/LL = 1.04 (Figs 65, 69, 70). Fore and middle femora yellow brown............................................................................................ T. vitalisi vitalisi W. Horn, 1913</p> <p>14(13) Labrum clearly transverse, LW/LL = 1.14 (Fig. 71). Fore and middle femora red brown........ T. vitalisi ida Mandl, 1954</p> <p>15(16) Hind tibiae and tarsi partly pale. Apical dot wide and expanded apical margin and nearest apical portion of elytra in one specimens or only as very narrow yellow or brown apical margin, humeral lunule complete or separated on basal and apical portions, in some specimens apical portion virtually invisible or absent, basal dot presented in one specimens or undeveloped in other............................................................ T. fruhstorferi fruhstorferi W. Horn, 1902</p> <p>16(15) Hind tibiae and tarsi entirely black...................................................................... 17</p> <p>17(18) Middle tibiae partly pale....................................................... T. fruhstorferi australis ssp. n.</p> <p>18(17) Middle tibiae entirely black or black-brown............................................................... 19</p> <p>19(20) Basal dot absent, central dot relatively short virtually transverse; elytral punctuation deep and regular in basal 3/4 except humeral area, in apical quarter shallow and tenuous (Fig. 96). Aedeagus with thin clearly sinuate elongate apex (Fig. 131)................................................................................... T. ziyardamensis sp. n.</p> <p>20(19) Basal dot small, in some specimens virtually invisible or entirely absent, central dot elongate and oblique; elytral punctuation deep and regular between basal humps and central dot then shallow and sparse, apical third virtually smooth (Figs 81, 83, 84, 87, 88, 90, 91, 94). Aedeagus with relatively wide elongate apex (Figs 115–130, 132–135).......................... 21</p> <p>21(22) Basal dot small, in some specimens virtually invisible or entirely absent. Hind tarsi longer, HTbL/HTaL = 1.18. Aedeagus with shorter indistinctly sinuate apex (Figs 126–130)..................................... T. fruhstorferi australis ssp. n.</p> <p>22(21) Basal dot absent. Hind tarsi shorter, HTbL/HTaL = 1.32. Aedeagus with longer gradually sinuate apex (Figs 132–135)................................................................................... T. pseudovitalisi sp. n. (23)</p> <p>23(24) Antennomere 10 not wider than 11 (Fig. 37). Elytra black-violet with purple lustre; central dot narrower, distinctly oblique (Figs 90–91); EL/AL = 2.62................................................... T. pseudovitalisi pseudovitalisi ssp. n.</p> <p>24(23) Antennomere 10 wide than 11 (Fig. 39). Elytra black-blue with light violet reflection; central dot wider, transverse with dilated lateral portion (Fig. 94); EL/AL = 2.48........................................... T. pseudovitalisi tibetana ssp. n.</p> <p>25(26) Humeral lunule complete or separated on basal and apical portions............ T. fruhstorferi fruhstorferi W. Horn, 1902</p> <p>26(25) Humeral lunule without apical portion................................................................... 27</p> <p>27(28) Elytra with pale apical dot............................................................................. 29</p> <p>28(27) Elytra without pale apical dot or with only narrow pale or light brown apical margin............................... 35</p> <p>29(30) Hind tibiae and tarsi entirely black...................................................................... 31</p> <p>30(29) Hind tibiae and tarsi partly pale or brownish............................................................... 33</p> <p>31(32) Larger, TL = 14.5. Labrum transverse, LW/LL = 1.16.............................. T. biserratus Tan, Mo, Liang, 1991</p> <p>32(31) Smaller, TL = 9.8–12.8. Labrum virtually as wide as length, LW/LL = 1.05...... T. fruhstorferi fruhstorferi W. Horn, 1902</p> <p>33(34) Apical dot approximately as wide as central dot (Fig. 108). Labrum with very large pale apical spot and narrower apex (Fig. 76).................................................................................. T. hunanensis sp. n.</p> <p>34(33) Apical dot clearly narrower than central dot (Figs 82, 85). Labrum with medium-sized or small pale apical spot and wider apex (Figs 51, 53, 55)..................................................... T. fruhstorferi fruhstorferi W. Horn, 1902</p> <p>35(36) Elytra shining green, without humeral lunule and basal dot (Fig. 98). Hind tarsi pale except dark apices of all tarsomeres (Fig. 14).............................................................................. T. motoensis Tan, 1981</p> <p>36(35) Elytra shining violet-black or blue-black with purple lustre, at least with basal portion of humeral lunule.............. 37</p> <p>37(38) Hind tibiae and tarsi partly pale or brown................................. T. fruhstorferi fruhstorferi W. Horn, 1902</p> <p>38(37) Hind tibiae and tarsi entirely black, hind tarsi in some specimens with one or two brownish basal tarsomeres........... 39</p> <p>39(40) Middle tibiae partly pale or brownish in proximal portion. Elytra with narrow pale or brown apical margins............ 41</p> <p>40(39) Middle tibiae black or brown-black. Elytra with black apical margins........................................... 47</p> <p>41(42) Antennomeres 9–10 slightly dilated and just a little wider than 8 one (Figs 29, 31, 33, 36, 38)....................... 45</p> <p>42(41) Antennomeres 9–10 distinctly dilated and clearly wider than 8 one (Figs 45, 47)............ T. vitalisi W. Horn, 1913 (43)</p> <p>43(44) Labrum with relatively small yellow apical spot (Figs 66, 68), in some specimens entirely black (Fig. 67). Fore and middle femora pale-yellow.......................................................... T. vitalisi vitalisi W. Horn, 1913</p> <p>44(43) Labrum with medium-sized yellow apical spot (Fig. 72). Fore and middle femora red-brown..... T. vitalisi ida Mandl, 1954</p> <p>45(46) Basal portion of humeral lunule and basal dot present, in some specimens basal dot small and poorly visible, rarely entirely absent. Labrum with wider apex (Figs 51, 53, 55).......................... T. fruhstorferi fruhstorferi W. Horn, 1902</p> <p>46(45) Basal portion of humeral lunule and basal dot absent, rarely shoulders with very small indistinct brownish area. Labrum with narrower apex (Figs 78, 80).......................................................... T. sauteri W. Horn, 1912</p> <p>47(48) Antennomere 9 with rounded while antennomere 10 with indistinctly protruding downward lower anterior margin (Fig. 33). Elytra with narrower apices (Fig. 89). Hind tibiae longer, HTbL/HTaL = 1.19............. T. fruhstorferi australis ssp. n.</p> <p>48(47) Antennomeres 9 and 10 with lower anterior margins clearly protruding downward (Figs 36, 38). Elytra with wider apices (Figs 92, 93, 95). Hind tibiae shorter, HTbL/HTaL = 1.29..................................... T. pseudovitalisi sp. n. (49)</p> <p>49(50) Labrum entirely black (Fig. 59). Central dot narrow and distinctly oblique (Figs 92, 93)................................................................................................. T. pseudovitalisi pseudovitalisi ssp. nov.</p> <p>50(49) Labrum black-brown with small indistinctly visible brown spot in anterior third (Fig. 61). Central dot practically transverse with clearly dilated lateral portion (Fig. 95)....................................... T. pseudovitalisi tibetana ssp. n.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/050B87D78D5B2470E1B819E1FA5C75E3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Matalin, Andrey V.;Wiesner, Jürgen	Matalin, Andrey V., Wiesner, Jürgen (2023): Revision of the Therates fruhstorferi complex (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 5256 (5): 401-433, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5256.5.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5256.5.1
