identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
850A0169FFB4FF96FF5F528ABC6EFB37.text	850A0169FFB4FF96FF5F528ABC6EFB37.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caracladus Simon 1884	<div><p>Genus Caracladus Simon, 1884 (XĿĦM)</p> <p>Type species. Erigone avicula L. Koch, 1869; gender masculine</p> <p>Remark. Caracladus comprises five species from China, Europe, and Japan (WSC, 2023). Frick &amp; Muff (2009) revised the genus Caracladus and provided the descript of all the five species.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/850A0169FFB4FF96FF5F528ABC6EFB37	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Muhammad, Irfan;Wang, Lu-Yu;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng	Muhammad, Irfan, Wang, Lu-Yu, Zhang, Zhi-Sheng (2023): One new genus and nine new species of Linyphiidae spiders from Yintiaoling Nature Reserve, Chongqing of China. Zootaxa 5257 (1): 82-114, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5257.1.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5257.1.7
850A0169FFB4FF92FF5F55BBBACBF9C9.text	850A0169FFB4FF92FF5F55BBBACBF9C9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caracladus daguanshanensis Muhammad & Wang & Zhang 2023	<div><p>Caracladus daguanshanensis sp. n. (kḂXĿĦ)</p> <p>Figures 1–4</p> <p>Type material. Holotype male: CHINA, Chongqing, Wuxi County, YNR, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.728935&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.495531" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.728935/lat 31.495531)">Daguanshan</a>, 31°29′43.91″N, 109°43′44.17″E, elev. 2404 m, 2.IX.2020, Z.S. Zhang et al. leg. (SWUC-T-LIN-25-01). Paratypes (6 females): 2 females, same data as holotype (SWUC-T-LIN-25-02~03); 1 female, YNR, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.70475&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.526064" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.70475/lat 31.526064)">Guanshan Forest</a> farm, Huajiaya, 31°31′33.83″N, 109°42′17.11″E, elev. 2192 m, 1.IX.2020, Z.S. Zhang et al. leg. (SWUC-T-LIN-25-04); 3 females, YNR, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.72904&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.495361" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.72904/lat 31.495361)">Guanshan Forest</a> farm, Huajiaya, Yezhuping, 31°29′43.30″N, 109°43′44.55″E, elev. 2411 m, 9.IV.2022, Z.S. Zhang et al. leg. (SWUC-T-LIN-25-05~07).</p> <p>Etymology. This epithet is derived from the type locality.</p> <p>Diagnosis. The new species resembles Caracladus montanus Sha &amp; Zhu, 1994 and C. tsurusakii Saito, 1988 in having similar ventral plate of epigyne with broad atrium and dorsal plate extending anteriorly inside the atrium of epigyne (Fig. 2A, B; Sha &amp; Zhu 1994, fig. 6; Frick &amp; Muff 2009, fig. 40) and male palp with similar embolic division (Fig. 1A–D; Sha &amp; Zhu 1994, fig. 3; Frick &amp; Muff 2009, fig. 41), but can be distinguished by the distal end of cephalic lobe straight in C. daguanshanensis sp. n. (Fig. 3B), vs., distally curved both in C. montanus (Sha &amp; Zhu 1994, fig. 2) and C. tsurusakii (Frick &amp; Muff 2009, figs 44, 45). Moreover, in the male palp of C. daguanshanensis sp. nov., the dorsal tibial apophysis with two arms (Fig. 1C), vs., with two apophyses, prolateral tibial apophysis and retrolateral tibial apophysis in C. montanus (Sha &amp; Zhu 1994, fig. 5) and C. tsurusakii (Frick &amp; Muff 2009, fig. 42); ventral surface of dorsal tibial apophysis with several teeth in C. daguanshanensis sp. n. (Fig. 1B), vs., teeth absent in C. montanus (Sha &amp; Zhu 1994, fig. 3) and C. tsurusakii (Saito 1988, fig. 14). The inner margin of ventral plate of epigyne trapezoid in C. daguanshanensis sp. n. (Fig. 2A, B), vs., almost rectangular in C. montanus (Sha &amp; Zhu 1994, fig. 6) and oval in C. tsurusakii (Frick &amp; Muff 2009, fig. 40).</p> <p>Description. Male (holotype, Figs 3A, B, D, 4A, B): Total length: 2.38. Carapace 1.37 long, 0.72 wide, yellowish-brown, cephalic lobe 0.49 long, projecting forward, narrowing towards tip with sparse stout setae; cephalic pits absent; thoracic region slightly elevated, fovea, cervical and radial grooves distinct. Clypeus 0.24 high, directed obliquely anteriorly. Chelicerae with 5 promarginal and 5 retromarginal teeth. AER straight, present at the base of cephalic lobe, PMEs present on the dorsal surface of the cephalic lobe. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.04, ALE 0.05, PME 0.04, PLE 0.05, AME–AME 0.01, PME–PME 0.04, AME–ALE, 0.02, PME–PLE 0.19, ALE–ALE 0.17, PLE–PLE 0.18, ALE–PLE contiguous. Length of legs: I 2.44 (0.74, 0.82, 0.47, 0.41), II 2.19 (0.66, 0.76, 0.43, 0.34), III 1.91 (0.57, 0.63, 0.40, 0.31), IV 2.46 (0.76, 0.85, 0.48, 0.37). TmI 0.57. Tibial spine formula: 1-1-1-1. Abdomen 1.01 long, 0.76 wide, oval, grey, dorsally with two pairs of sigillae, ventral side grey.</p> <p>Palp (holotype, Fig. 1 A−D): Patella two times longer than wide, ventrally slightly curved; tibia with two dorsal trichobothria, dorsal tibial apophysis with two arms; paracymbium simple, J-shaped; tegulum with short and long protegular papillae on protegulum; suprategulum with median tooth, distal suprategular apophysis sclerotized, distal end curved with pointed end; embolic membrane slender, running along the embolus; radix simple, tailpiece footshaped in prolateral view; embolus whip-like, gradually narrowing towards tip..</p> <p>Female (Figs 3C, 4C): Total length: 2.01 mm. Carapace 0.97 long, 0.69 wide, yellowish-brown, cephalic region slightly elevated, fovea, cervical and radial grooves distinct. Clypeus 0.14 high. Chelicerae with 5 promarginal and 5 retromarginal teeth. AER straight, PER procurved, slightly wider than AER. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.04, ALE 0.07, PME 0.06, PLE 0.06, AME–AME 0.02, PME–PME 0.04, AME–ALE, 0.02, PME–PLE 0.05, ALE–ALE 0.24, PLE–PLE 0.28, ALE–PLE contiguous. Length of legs: I 2.44 (0.71, 0.80, 0.47, 0.39), II 2.18 (0.66, 0.73, 0.44, 0.35), III 1.98 (0.61, 0.65, 0.39, 0.33), IV 2.46 (0.74, 0.87, 0.50, 0.35). TmI 0.41. Tibial spine formula: 1-1-1-1. Abdomen 1.01 long, 0.76 wide, oval, grey, dorsally with two pairs of sigillae, ventral side grey.</p> <p>Epigyne (Fig. 2 A−C): Ventral plate wider than long, with broad trapezoid opening at the center; dorsal plate extending anteriorly inside the atrium; copulatory opening at anterior end of trapezoid dorsal plate.Vulva: Copulatory pouch almost round, posteriorly connected with copulatory ducts; copulatory ducts short, relatively sclerotized; spermathecae globular, pointing dorso-laterally, separated by distance one and half times longer than their diameter; fertilization ducts extending mesally.</p> <p>Distribution. Known only from the type locality.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/850A0169FFB4FF92FF5F55BBBACBF9C9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Muhammad, Irfan;Wang, Lu-Yu;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng	Muhammad, Irfan, Wang, Lu-Yu, Zhang, Zhi-Sheng (2023): One new genus and nine new species of Linyphiidae spiders from Yintiaoling Nature Reserve, Chongqing of China. Zootaxa 5257 (1): 82-114, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5257.1.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5257.1.7
850A0169FFB0FF92FF5F57DCB8E4F829.text	850A0169FFB0FF92FF5F57DCB8E4F829.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Centromerus Dahl 1886	<div><p>Genus Centromerus Dahl, 1886 (+ffiĦM)</p> <p>Type species. Bathyphantes brevipalpus Menge, 1866; gender masculine</p> <p>Remark. Centromerus comprises 90 species distributed across the globe, including five species have been reported from China (WSC 2023). Out of which 16 species described with single sex (13 with females and three with male).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/850A0169FFB0FF92FF5F57DCB8E4F829	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Muhammad, Irfan;Wang, Lu-Yu;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng	Muhammad, Irfan, Wang, Lu-Yu, Zhang, Zhi-Sheng (2023): One new genus and nine new species of Linyphiidae spiders from Yintiaoling Nature Reserve, Chongqing of China. Zootaxa 5257 (1): 82-114, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5257.1.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5257.1.7
850A0169FFB2FF9FFF5F51FEBACBFEC4.text	850A0169FFB2FF9FFF5F51FEBACBFEC4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Centromerus alatus Muhammad & Wang & Zhang 2023	<div><p>Centromerus alatus sp. n. (DZ+ffiĦ)</p> <p>Figures 5, 6</p> <p>Type material. Holotype male: CHINA: Chongqing, Wuxi County, YNR, Guanshan Forest farm, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.74271&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.51678" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.74271/lat 31.51678)">Modaoxi</a>, 31°31′0.4097″N, 109°44′33.7624″E, elev. 1958 m, 22.IX.2022, L.Y. Wang et al. leg. (SWUC-T-LIN-26-01).</p> <p>Etymology. This epithet derives from the Latin adjective “ alatus ” meaning “wing” and referring to terminal apophysis bird wing-shaped in male palp.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Centromerus alatus sp. n. resembles C. sylvaticus (Blackwall, 1841) in having the similar radix with rod-like radical apophysis (Fig. 5A; Gnelitsa 2007, fig. 2c), but can be distinguished by the paracymbium with 18 teeth in C. alatus sp. n. (Fig. 5B, C), vs., with 9 teeth in C. sylvaticus (Gnelitsa 2007, fig. 2a); distal end of cymbium lacking any outgrowth in C. alatus sp. n. (Fig. 5B, C), vs., with small outgrowth at the apex in retrolateral view exists in C. sylvaticus (Gnelitsa 2007, fig. 2a); anterior proximal part of median membrane with 6 teeth in C. alatus sp. n. (Fig. 5A, D), vs., with 5 teeth in C. sylvaticus (Gnelitsa 2007, fig. 2c); terminal apophysis wing-shaped pointing towards the retrolateral margin of cymbium in C. alatus sp. n. (Fig. 5D), vs., column-shaped pointing towards the apex of cymbium in C. sylvaticus (Gnelitsa 2007, fig. 2b).</p> <p>Description. Male (holotype, Fig. 6A, B): Total length: 2.91 mm. Carapace 1.48 long, 1.11 wide, brown, cephalic region slightly elevated, fovea, cervical and radial grooves distinct. Clypeus 0.23 high. Chelicerae with 3 promarginal and 5 retromarginal teeth. AER straight, PER slightly procurved. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.06, ALE 0.11, PME 0.09, PLE 0.09, AME–AME 0.04, PME–PME 0.05, AME–ALE, 0.05, PME–PLE 0.0.6, ALE–ALE 0.41, PLE–PLE 0.45, ALE–PLE contiguous. Length of legs: I 4.68 (1.31, 1.59, 1.06, 0.72), II 4.33 (1.27, 1.46, 0.98, 0.62), III 3.69 (1.10, 1.24, 0.82, 0.53), IV 4.95 (1.44, 1.71, 1.14, 0.66). TmI 0.53. Tibial spine formula: 2-2-2-2. Abdomen 1.64 long, 1.05 wide, oval, black.</p> <p>Palp (Fig. 5 A−D): Patella half of the length of tibia, dorsally with thick spine; tibia cone-shaped, with two retrolateral and one dorsal trichobothria; cymbium unmodified, with small basal proximal cymbial apophysis; paracymbium U-shaped, with 18 teeth, distal tip with round lobe. Suprategular apophysis long, slightly curved with blunt end. Basal part of radix wider than distal end, slightly curved, with two apophyses RA-I robust, with irregular margins, with about 7 small teeth, RA-II rod-like, with blunt end; median membrane as long as the embolus, anterior proximal part of median membrane with 6 strongly sclerotized teeth; terminal apophysis wing-shaped; embolus elongated with sclerotized embolus proper.</p> <p>Female. Unknown.</p> <p>Distribution. Known only from the type locality.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/850A0169FFB2FF9FFF5F51FEBACBFEC4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Muhammad, Irfan;Wang, Lu-Yu;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng	Muhammad, Irfan, Wang, Lu-Yu, Zhang, Zhi-Sheng (2023): One new genus and nine new species of Linyphiidae spiders from Yintiaoling Nature Reserve, Chongqing of China. Zootaxa 5257 (1): 82-114, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5257.1.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5257.1.7
850A0169FFBDFF9FFF5F50D0BB10FDC0.text	850A0169FFBDFF9FFF5F50D0BB10FDC0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dicristatus Irfan, Wang & Zhang 2023	<div><p>Genus Dicristatus Irfan, Wang &amp; Zhang, 2023 (¿ȒĦM)</p> <p>Type species. Dicristatus minutus Irfan, Wang &amp; Zhang, 2023</p> <p>Remark. Dicristatus Irfan, Wang &amp; Zhang, 2023, a monotypic genus described from Wulipo National Nature Reserve, Wushan County, Chongqing Municipality, China.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/850A0169FFBDFF9FFF5F50D0BB10FDC0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Muhammad, Irfan;Wang, Lu-Yu;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng	Muhammad, Irfan, Wang, Lu-Yu, Zhang, Zhi-Sheng (2023): One new genus and nine new species of Linyphiidae spiders from Yintiaoling Nature Reserve, Chongqing of China. Zootaxa 5257 (1): 82-114, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5257.1.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5257.1.7
850A0169FFBDFF9DFF5F53D5BACBFD6C.text	850A0169FFBDFF9DFF5F53D5BACBFD6C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dicristatus modaoxiensis Muhammad & Wang & Zhang 2023	<div><p>Dicristatus modaoxiensis sp. n. (QHffl¿ȒĦ)</p> <p>Figures 7–10</p> <p>Type material. Holotype male: CHINA: Chongqing, Wuxi County, YNR, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.74271&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.51678" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.74271/lat 31.51678)">Guanshan Forest</a> Farm, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.74271&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.51678" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.74271/lat 31.51678)">Modaoxi</a>, 31°31′0.4097″N, 109°44′33.7624″E, elev. 1958 m, 22.IX.2022, L.Y. Wang et al. leg. (SWUC-T-LIN-27-01). Paratypes (9 males and 7 females): 8 males and 3 females, same data as holotype (SWUC-T-LIN-36-02~12); 1 male, YNR, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.82689&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.522831" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.82689/lat 31.522831)">Baiguo Forest</a> Farm, Hongqi Management and Protection Station, 31°31′22.19″N, 109°49′36.80″E, elev. 1194 m, 10.IV.2022, Z.S. Zhang et al. leg. (SWUC-T-LIN-27-13); 1 female, YNR, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.78483&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.520086" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.78483/lat 31.520086)">Guanshan Forest</a> Farm, Tianchiba, 31°31′12.31″N, 109°47′5.39″E, elev. 1692 m, 10.IV.2022, Z.S. Zhang et al. leg. (SWUC-T-LIN-27-14); 1 female, YNR, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.73705&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.495367" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.73705/lat 31.495367)">Daguan Mountain</a>, Pianyanwu Cave, 31°29′43.32″N, 109°44′13.41″E, elev. 2292 m, 02.IX.2020, Z.S. Zhang et al. leg. (SWUC-T-LIN-27-15); 1 female, YNR, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.82322&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.513855" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.82322/lat 31.513855)">Baiguo Forest</a> Farm, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.82322&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.513855" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.82322/lat 31.513855)">Hongqi Management</a> and Protection Station, Qinglongtan, 31°30′49.88″N, 109°49′23.60″E, elev. 1155 m, 02.IX.2020, Z.S. Zhang et al. leg. (SWUC-T-LIN-27-16~17).</p> <p>Etymology. This epithet derives from the type locality.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Dicristatus modaoxiensis sp. n. resembles D. minutus Irfan, Wang &amp; Zhang in having the similar morphology of male palp and epigyne (Figs 7 A−D, 9A−F; Irfan et al. 2023, figs 9A−D, 10A−E), but can be distinguished by the lower comb-shaped process of dorsal tibial apophysis with six teeth in D. modaoxiensis sp. n. (Fig. 7B), vs., with seven teeth in D. minutus (Irfan et al. 2023, fig. 9B); the upper comb-shaped process of dorsal tibial apophysis with five teeth in D. modaoxiensis sp. n. (Fig. 7B), vs., with seven teeth in D. minutus (Irfan et al. 2023 fig. 9B); anterior radical process oval in retrolateral view in D. modaoxiensis sp. n. (Fig. 7B), vs., comma-shaped in D. minutus (Irfan et al. 2023, fig. 9B). In epigyne, the anterior margin of dorsal plate round in D. modaoxiensis sp. n. (Fig. 9E), vs., V-shaped in D. minutus (Irfan et al. 2023 fig. 10E).</p> <p>Description. Male (holotype, Fig. 10A): Total length: 1.65. Carapace 0.77 long, 0.58 wide, yellow, posteriorly lateral margin with grey strip on each side, cephalic region slightly elevated; fovea, cervical and radial grooves distinct, cephalic lobe and pits absent. Clypeus 0.11 high. Chelicerae with 6 promarginal and 5 retromarginal teeth. AER straight, PER slightly recurved. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.04, ALE 0.06, PME 0.07, PLE 0.06, AME–AME 0.02, PME–PME 0.03, AME–PME 0.05, AME–ALE, 0.03, PME–PLE 0.02, ALE–ALE 0.24, PLE– PLE 0.27, ALE–PLE 0.01. Length of legs: I 2.41 (0.69, 0.81, 0.53, 0.38), II 2.13 (0.61, 0.72, 0.45, 0.35), III 1.83 (0.52, 0.61, 0.41, 0.29), IV 2.35 (0.68, 0.82, 0.53, 0.32). TmI 0.28. Tibial spine formula: 2-2-1-1. Abdomen 1.01 long, 0.59 wide, oval, light grey, mid-dorsally with black patch, ventral side light grey.</p> <p>Palp (holotype, Figs 7 A−D, 8A, B): Patella short, medially grooved. Tibia with one retrolateral and one dorsal trichobothrium, retrolateral tibial apophysis absent; dorsal tibial apophysis large, longer than tibia, tongue-shaped in ventral view, retrolateral margin with a row of comb macrosetae, ventrally with a pair of comb-shaped process; lower process with six teeth and upper process with five teeth; cymbial retrobasal process with a small projection, extending retrolaterally, covering basal part of paracymbium, retrolaterally with small triangular projection; paracymbium J-shaped, distal arm tip with an indent; protegulum small; suprategulum with a sharp median tooth on distal suprategular apophysis; distal suprategular apophysis robust, distally bifurcated, completely covering the embolus. Embolic division: tailpiece horse hoof-shaped; anterior radical process oval in retrolateral view, strongly sclerotized, outer surface serrated; embolic membrane reduced, curved with pointed end; embolus black, strongly sclerotized, minute with pointed end, hardly visible on undissected palp.</p> <p>Female (Fig. 10B): Total length: 1.47. Carapace 0.69 long, 0.47 wide, yellow, posteriorly lateral margin with grey strip on each side, cephalic region slightly elevated; fovea, cervical and radial grooves distinct. Clypeus 0.10 high. Chelicerae with six promarginal and five retromarginal teeth. AER straight, PER slightly recurved. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.04, ALE 0.05, PME 0.05, PLE 0.06, AME–AME 0.01, PME–PME 0.03, AME–PME 0.06, AME–ALE, 0.02, PME–PLE 0.03, ALE–ALE 0.21, PLE–PLE 0.23, ALE–PLE 0.01. Length of legs: I 2 (0.58, 0.66, 0.41, 0.35), II 1.73 (0.49, 0.57, 0.38, 0.29), III 1.53 (0.45, 0.48, 0.33, 0.27), IV 1.98 (0.58, 0.68, 0.44, 0.30). TmI 0.21. Tibial spine formula: 2-2-1-1. Abdomen 0.85 long, 0.53 wide, oval, light grey, ventral side light grey.</p> <p>Epigyne (Fig. 9 A−F): Epigynal plate wider than long; ventral plate extending posteriorly covering the copulatory ducts, forming broad loop, extending above the epigastric furrow; copulatory openings situated mid-ventrally in inner margin loop of copulatory ducts; dorsal plate heart-shaped, longer than wide, anterior margin round, posterior margin round, with a deep depression at center. Vulva: spermathecae round, antero-laterally positioned, pointing away from each other. Fertilization ducts antero-mesally oriented.</p> <p>Distribution. Known only from the type locality.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/850A0169FFBDFF9DFF5F53D5BACBFD6C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Muhammad, Irfan;Wang, Lu-Yu;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng	Muhammad, Irfan, Wang, Lu-Yu, Zhang, Zhi-Sheng (2023): One new genus and nine new species of Linyphiidae spiders from Yintiaoling Nature Reserve, Chongqing of China. Zootaxa 5257 (1): 82-114, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5257.1.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5257.1.7
850A0169FFBEFF9CFF5F57C2BBA7F8EE.text	850A0169FFBEFF9CFF5F57C2BBA7F8EE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hypselistes Simon 1894	<div><p>Genus Hypselistes Simon, 1894 (ŃDĦM)</p> <p>Type species. Erigone florens O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1875</p> <p>Remark. Hypselistes comprises 10 species distributed across in China, Japan, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia, and USA, including three species reported from China (WSC, 2023).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/850A0169FFBEFF9CFF5F57C2BBA7F8EE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Muhammad, Irfan;Wang, Lu-Yu;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng	Muhammad, Irfan, Wang, Lu-Yu, Zhang, Zhi-Sheng (2023): One new genus and nine new species of Linyphiidae spiders from Yintiaoling Nature Reserve, Chongqing of China. Zootaxa 5257 (1): 82-114, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5257.1.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5257.1.7
850A0169FFB9FF98FF5F5743BACBFB95.text	850A0169FFB9FF98FF5F5743BACBFB95.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hypselistes arcus Muhammad & Wang & Zhang 2023	<div><p>Hypselistes arcus sp. n. (ƎŃDĦ)</p> <p>Figures 11–13</p> <p>Type material. Holotype male: CHINA: Chongqing, Wuxi County, YNR, Shuangyang Town, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.791016&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.518383" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.791016/lat 31.518383)">Tianchiba</a>, 31.518383°N, 109.791014°E, elev. 1741m, 25.VI.2022, Tan Bing leg. (SWUC-T-LIN-28-01). Paratypes (3 females): 1 female, YNR, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.92783&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.413925" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.92783/lat 31.413925)">Huangcaoping</a>, 31°24′50.13″N, 109°55′40.2″E, elev. 2039 m, 24.VI.2022, Wang Lu-Yu leg. (SWUC-T-LIN-28-02); 2 females, YNR, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.944725&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.431332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.944725/lat 31.431332)">Huangcaoping</a>, 31°25'52.7952" N, 109°56'41.0028"E, elev. 2254 m, 22.VI.2022, Tan Bing leg. (SWUC-T-LIN-28-03~04).</p> <p>Etymology. This epithet derives from the Latin noun “ arcus ” meaning “arc” and referring to embolus arcshaped in male palp.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Hypselistes arcus sp. n. can be distinguished from all other congeners by the male cephalic lobe present in the thoracic of the cephalothorax and PMEs not present on the cephalic lobe (Fig. 13A, B), vs., in all other congeners the cephalic lobe is present in the eye region and bears the PMEs on it (Wiehle 1960, figs 154, 155, 162, 163); cephalic pits present in between the cephalic lobe in H. arcus sp. n. (Fig. 13A, B), vs., in all other congeners the cephalic pits present at the base of cephalic lobe (Wiehle 1960, figs 154, 155, 162, 163). Male palp of H. arcus sp. n. can be distinguished from all other congeners by the following combination of characters, retrolateral tibial apophysis very long, almost overlapping 2/3 of the cymbium in retrolateral view; distal arm of paracymbium columnar with distal tip hook-shaped (Fig. 11B). The epigyne of H. arcus sp. n. can be distinguished from all other congeners by the ventral plate laterally with pair of depressions posteriorly (Fig. 12A–C).</p> <p>Description. Male (holotype, Fig. 13A, B): Total length: 2.23. Carapace 1.13 long, 0.74 wide, yellow, cephalic lobe 0.26 long, present in the thoracic of the cephalothorax, with parallel sulci containing cephalic pits in it that seem blocked with some sort of secretions (white arrows, Fig. 13A, B); fovea, cervical and radial grooves distinct. Clypeus 0.21 high. Chelicerae with 5 promarginal and 4 retromarginal teeth. AER recurved, PER straight. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.05, ALE 0.05, PME 0.05, PLE 0.06, AME–AME 0.04, PME–PME 0.06, AME–PME 0.08, AME–ALE, 0.05, PME–PLE 0.05, ALE–ALE 0.31, PLE–PLE 0.34, ALE–PLE contiguous. Length of legs: I 3.74 (1.09, 1.20, 0.92, 0.53), II 3.47 (1.01, 1.11, 0.86, 0.49), III 2.76 (0.81, 0.85, 0.71, 0.39), IV 3.68 (1.13, 1.20, 0.89, 0.51). TmI 0.97. Tibial spine formula: 1-1-1-1. Abdomen 1.20 long, 0.72 wide, oval, brownish-black, with pairs of sigillae, ventral side brown.</p> <p>Palp (holotype, Fig. 11 A−D): Patella longer than tibia, ventrally grooved. Tibia cone-shaped in prolateral view, with 2 retrolateral and 1 dorsal trichobothria, retrolateral tibial apophysis long, apical end reaches the mid of cymbium in retrolateral view, dorsal tibial apophysis tongue-shaped; paracymbium J-shaped, distal arm columnar, tip hook-shaped; tegulum with conspicuous protegulum; distal suprategular apophysis robust, completely covering the median membrane. Embolic division: Embolus with 1.5 coils, extending above cymbial apex.</p> <p>Female (one of paratypes, Fig. 13C): Total length: 2.25. Carapace 0.85 long, 0.71 wide, yellow, posteriorly lateral margin with grey strip on each side, cephalic region slightly elevated; fovea, cervical and radial grooves distinct. Clypeus 0.21 high. Chelicerae with four promarginal and three retromarginal teeth. AER straight, PER slightly procurved. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.04, ALE 0.07, PME 0.06, PLE 0.06, AME–AME 0.02, PME–PME 0.05, AME–PME 0.06, AME–ALE, 0.04, PME–PLE 0.04, ALE–ALE 0.28, PLE–PLE 0.31, ALE–PLE contiguous. Length of legs: I 2.19 (0.67, 0.76, 0.51, 0.26), II 2.12 (0.64, 0.75, 0.48, 0.25), III 1.79 (0.56, 0.61, 0.41, 0.21), IV 2.28 (0.68, 0.79, 0.55, 0.26). TmI 0.21. Tibial spine formula: 1-1-1-1. Abdomen 1.55 long, 1.09 wide, oval, greyish-black, with pairs of sigillae, ventral side black.</p> <p>Epigyne (Fig. 12 A−E): Ventral plate wider than long, posterior margin with pair of depression laterally; copulatory opening present posteriorly at the junction of dorsal and ventral plate. Dorsal plate reduced, triangular. Vulva: Copulatory ducts sinuous, forming three turns before entering the spermathecae. Spermathecae round, separated by the distance almost equals 2 times of their diameter; fertilization ducts long, extending mesally.</p> <p>Distribution. Known only from the type locality.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/850A0169FFB9FF98FF5F5743BACBFB95	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Muhammad, Irfan;Wang, Lu-Yu;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng	Muhammad, Irfan, Wang, Lu-Yu, Zhang, Zhi-Sheng (2023): One new genus and nine new species of Linyphiidae spiders from Yintiaoling Nature Reserve, Chongqing of China. Zootaxa 5257 (1): 82-114, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5257.1.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5257.1.7
850A0169FFA7FF85FF5F50F2BACBFA63.text	850A0169FFA7FF85FF5F50F2BACBFA63.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ryojius flosculus Muhammad & Wang & Zhang 2023	<div><p>Ryojius flosculus sp. n. (AERĀĦ)</p> <p>Figures 14, 16</p> <p>Type material. Holotype: 1♁, CHINA: Chongqing, Wuxi County, YNR, Guanshan Forest farm, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.697174&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.53758" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.697174/lat 31.53758)">Shizhuzi</a>, 31°32′15.29″N, 109°41′49.82″E, elev. 2147 m, 01.IX.2020, Z.S. Zhang et al. leg. (SWUC-T-LIN-29-01).</p> <p>Etymology. This epithet derives from the Latin noun “ flosculus ” meaning “flower” and referring to the longer branch of lamella characteristica apex flower-shaped with several petal-like projections.</p> <p>Diagnosis. The new species resembles R. nanyuensis (Chen &amp; Yin, 2000) in having the similar short arm of lamella characteristica (Fig. 14A–D; Tu et al. 2006, figs 15–23), but can be distinguished by the distal tip of long arm of lamella characteristica flower-shaped with each side with 3 teeth in R. flosculus sp. n. (Fig. 14B), vs., each side of the tip with 5 teeth in R. nanyuensis (Tu et al. 2006, figs 15, 16). Distal arm tip of paracymbium triangular in R. flosculus sp. n. (Fig. 14B), vs., V-shaped in R. nanyuensis (Tu et al. 2006, fig. 15).</p> <p>Description. Male (Fig. 16A): Total length: 2.01. Carapace 0.98 long, 0.74 wide, yellowish-brown; fovea, cervical and radial grooves distinct. Clypeus 0.15 high. Chelicerae with 6 promarginal and 6 retromarginal teeth. AER recurved, PER straight, slightly wider. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.04, ALE 0.06, PME 0.05, PLE 0.05, AME–AME 0.02, PME–PME 0.06, AME–ALE, 0.05, PME–PLE 0.03, AME–PME 0.05, ALE–ALE 0.29, PLE–PLE 0.33, ALE–PLE contiguous. Length of legs: I 2.73 (0.81, 0.96, 0.58, 0.43), II 2.55 (0.79, 0.84, 0.51, 0.41), III 2.03 (0.61, 0.69, 0.41, 0.32), IV 2.65 (0.85, 0.88, 0.54, 0.38). Tm I 0.29 and Tm IV 0.16. Tibial spine formula: 2-2-2-2. Abdomen 1.02 long, 0.62 wide, oval, grey; ventral side grey.</p> <p>Palp (Fig. 14A–D): Patella as long as tibia; tibia with with one retrolateral and one dorsal trichobothria and two apophyses; retrolateral tibial apophysis strongly sclerotized, wider than long, pointing laterally in dorsal view, dorsal tibial apophysis wither than long, with round tip. Cymbium with shallow depression at base retrolaterally. Paracymbium strongly scleortized, distal arm tip triangular. Distal suprategular apophysis proximal part covered by tegulum, distal end sclerotized, with narrow hook-shaped tip. Radix C-shaped. Lamella characteristica with 2 branches; posterior horn-shaped and anterior one long, extending towards cymbial apex, tip flower-shaped. Terminal apophysis longer than wide, tip serrated. Embolus conspicuously large, posteriorly curved about half circle, apex strongly sclerotized, finger-shaped with blunt tip; thumb short, covered by the lamella characteristica; embolus proper blunt.</p> <p>Female. Unknown</p> <p>Distribution. Known only from the type locality.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/850A0169FFA7FF85FF5F50F2BACBFA63	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Muhammad, Irfan;Wang, Lu-Yu;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng	Muhammad, Irfan, Wang, Lu-Yu, Zhang, Zhi-Sheng (2023): One new genus and nine new species of Linyphiidae spiders from Yintiaoling Nature Reserve, Chongqing of China. Zootaxa 5257 (1): 82-114, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5257.1.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5257.1.7
850A0169FFA7FF85FF5F51FEB981FEE3.text	850A0169FFA7FF85FF5F51FEB981FEE3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ryojius Saito & Ono 2001	<div><p>Genus Ryojius Saito &amp; Ono, 2001 (RĀĦM)</p> <p>Type species. Ryojius japonicus Saito &amp; Ono, 2001.</p> <p>Remark. Ryojius comprises three species distributed China, Japan, and Korea, including one species reported from China (WSC, 2023).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/850A0169FFA7FF85FF5F51FEB981FEE3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Muhammad, Irfan;Wang, Lu-Yu;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng	Muhammad, Irfan, Wang, Lu-Yu, Zhang, Zhi-Sheng (2023): One new genus and nine new species of Linyphiidae spiders from Yintiaoling Nature Reserve, Chongqing of China. Zootaxa 5257 (1): 82-114, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5257.1.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5257.1.7
850A0169FFA7FF84FF5F5772BACBFD08.text	850A0169FFA7FF84FF5F5772BACBFD08.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ryojius latus Muhammad & Wang & Zhang 2023	<div><p>Ryojius latus sp. n. (ṀRĀĦ)</p> <p>Figures 15, 16</p> <p>Type material. Holotype male: CHINA: Chongqing, Wuxi County, YNR, Guanshan Forest farm, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.697174&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.53758" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.697174/lat 31.53758)">Shizhuzi</a>, 31°32′15.29″N, 109°41′49.82″E, elev. 2147 m, 30.IX.2020, Z.S. Zhang et al. leg. (SWUC-T-LIN-30-01).</p> <p>Etymology. This epithet derives from the Latin adjective “ latus ” meaning “broad” and referring to the anterior terminal apophysis broad in male palp.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Ryojius latus sp. n. resembles R. flosculus sp. n. in having the similar paracymbium (Fig. 15A–D; Fig. 14A–D), but can be distinguished by the distal tip of long arm of lamella characteristca bifurcated in R. latus sp. n. (Fig. 15A, B, D), vs., flower-shaped in R. flosculus sp. n. (Fig. 14B, D).</p> <p>Description. Male (Fig. 16B): Total length: 2.13. Carapace 0.99 long, 0.83 wide, brown; fovea, cervical and radial grooves distinct. Clypeus 0.13 high. Chelicerae with 6 promarginal and 5 retromarginal teeth. AER recurved, PER straight, slightly wider. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.04, ALE 0.08, PME 0.07, PLE 0.07, AME–AME 0.02, PME–PME 0.05, AME–ALE, 0.04, PME–PLE 0.05, AME–PME 0.03, ALE–ALE 0.31, PLE–PLE 0.33, ALE–PLE contiguous. Length of legs: I 2.76 (0.79, 0.95, 0.59, 0.43), II 2.52 (0.73, 0.86, 0.54, 0.39), III 2.02 (0.61, 0.64, 0.44, 0.33), IV 2.65 (0.77, 0.91, 0.59, 0.38). Tm I 0.31 and Tm IV 0.19. Tibial spine formula: 2-2-2-2. Abdomen 1.04 long, 0.75 wide, oval, grey, mid dorsally with black patch; ventral side grey.</p> <p>Palp (Fig. 15A–D): Patella as long as tibia; tibia with one retrolateral and one dorsal trichobothria and two apophyses; retrolateral tibial apophysis strongly sclerotized, wider than long, pointing laterally in dorsal view, dorsal tibial apophysis wither than long, with round tip. Cymbium with shallow depression at base retrolaterally. Paracymbium strongly sclerotized, distal arm tip triangular. Distal suprategular apophysis small, most of proximal part covered by the tegulum, distal end sclerotized, with narrow hook-shaped tip. Radix C-shaped. Lamella characteristica with 2 branches; posterior horn-shaped and anterior one long, extending towards the cymbial apex, tip bifurcated. Terminal apophysis longer than wide, tip serrated. Embolus conspicuously large, posteriorly curved about half circle, apex strongly sclerotized, finger-shaped with blunt tip; thumb short, covered by the lamella characteristica; embolus proper blunt.</p> <p>Female. Unknown</p> <p>Distribution. Known only from the type locality.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/850A0169FFA7FF84FF5F5772BACBFD08	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Muhammad, Irfan;Wang, Lu-Yu;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng	Muhammad, Irfan, Wang, Lu-Yu, Zhang, Zhi-Sheng (2023): One new genus and nine new species of Linyphiidae spiders from Yintiaoling Nature Reserve, Chongqing of China. Zootaxa 5257 (1): 82-114, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5257.1.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5257.1.7
850A0169FFA1FF83FF5F51FEBDBCFEE3.text	850A0169FFA1FF83FF5F51FEBDBCFEE3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Shaanxinus Tanasevitch 2006	<div><p>Genus Shaanxinus Tanasevitch, 2006 (ṞĦM)</p> <p>Type species. Shaanxinus rufus Tanasevitch, 2006.</p> <p>Remark. Shaanxinus comprises 16 species distributed China, and Vietnam (WSC, 2023). Out of which two species have been described with single sex (only male sex). Lin et al. (2019) described 13 species from Taiwan.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/850A0169FFA1FF83FF5F51FEBDBCFEE3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Muhammad, Irfan;Wang, Lu-Yu;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng	Muhammad, Irfan, Wang, Lu-Yu, Zhang, Zhi-Sheng (2023): One new genus and nine new species of Linyphiidae spiders from Yintiaoling Nature Reserve, Chongqing of China. Zootaxa 5257 (1): 82-114, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5257.1.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5257.1.7
850A0169FFA1FF80FF5F50F2BACBFB79.text	850A0169FFA1FF80FF5F50F2BACBFB79.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Shaanxinus shizhuziensis Muhammad & Wang & Zhang 2023	<div><p>Shaanxinus shizhuziensis sp. n. (ƂIJŦṞĦ)</p> <p>Figure 17–20</p> <p>Type material. Holotype male: CHINA: Chongqing, Wuxi County, YNR, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.69743&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.539755" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.69743/lat 31.539755)">Guanshan Forest</a> Farm, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.69743&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.539755" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.69743/lat 31.539755)">Shizhuzi</a>, 31°32′23.12″N, 109°41′50.75″E, elev. 2096 m, 24.VI.2022, Tan Bing leg. (SWUC-T-LIN-31-01). Paratypes (1 male and 1 female): 1 female, same data as holotype male (SWUC-T-LIN-31-02); 1 male, Wuxi County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.90036&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.411633" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.90036/lat 31.411633)">Lanying Township</a>, Xi’an Village, 31°24'41.8752"N, 109°54'01.2996"E, elev. 1801 m, 21.VI.2022, Tan Bing leg. (SWUC-T-LIN-31-03).</p> <p>Etymology. This epithet derives from the type locality.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Shaanxinus shizhuziensis sp. n. male resembles S. rufus Tanasevitch, 2006 in having the similar chaetotaxy (2222), leg II longer than other legs, having similar cephalic lobe (Fig. 20A, B; Lin et al. 2019, fig. 5AC), palp with similar paracymbium (Fig. 17B, D; Lin et al. 2009, fig. 7B), but can be distinguished by the anterior radical process present in S. shizhuziensis sp. n. (Fig. 18C), vs., absent in S. rufus (Lin et al. 2019, fig. 7C); anterior radical scaly part with long sharp projection in S. shizhuziensis sp. n. (Figs 17A, 18A), vs., strongly sclerotized scaly sclerite in S. rufus (Lin et al. 2019, fig. 3C); distal suprategular apophysis disc-shaped in S. shizhuziensis sp. n. (Figs 17B, 18B, C), vs., flat, membranous apical and partly covering the embolic division in S. rufus (Tanasevitch 2006, figs 51, 53, 54). Epigyne of S. shizhuziensis sp. n. can be distinguished from all other congeners by the copulatory ducts 9-shaped, forming one broad round loop anteriorly before turning dorsally towards the spermathecae in ventral view (Fig. 19A, C, D, E).</p> <p>Description. Male (holotype, Fig. 20A, B): Total length: 3.36. Carapace 1.61 long, 1.13 wide, yellow, cephalic lobe 0.77 high with many microsetae, with eyes; sulcus present below the anterior eye row, sulcus seem blocked with some sort of secretions (white arrows, Fig. 20B); fovea, cervical and radial grooves distinct. Clypeus 0.38 high. Chelicerae with 5 promarginal and 4 retromarginal teeth. AER recurved, PER procurved, wider than AER. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.04, ALE 0.07, PME 0.08, PLE 0.06, AME–AME 0.08, PME–PME 0.08, AME–PME 0.11, AME–ALE, 0.11, PME–PLE 0.12, ALE–ALE 0.38, PLE–PLE 0.45, ALE–PLE contiguous. Length of legs: I 5.15 (1.52, 1.75, 1.29, 0.59), II 5.92 (1.78, 2.13, 1.41, 0.60), III 4.32 (1.27, 1.39, 1.15, 0.51), IV 5.12 (1.37, 1.69, 1.43, 0.63). Leg formula leg II longer than I. TmI 0.39. Tibial spine formula: 2-2-2-2. Abdomen 1.87 long, 1.13 wide, oval, pale, greenish-grey pattern followed by three transverse chevrons, ventral side pale.</p> <p>Palp (holotype, Figs 17 A−D, 18A−C): Patella shorter than tibia, ventrally grooved; tibia with two reterolateral trichobothria and posterior margin with long thick spines, tibial apophysis absent; paracymbium C-shaped, distal arm almost parallel to the tibial margin, lower margin of distal arm wave-like in retrolateral view; tegulum extending retrolaterally, possess small membranous protegulum; distal suprategular apophysis disc-shaped. Radix with large anterior radical scaly part with 2 small sharp projections; anterior radical process ventrally grooved, wrapped around embolic base, invisible on undissected palp; lateral extension of radix slightly curved, apex blunt, ends in cymbium in retrolateral view, covering terminal part of embolus; tailpiece triangular with pointed end; median membrane present; embolus sclerotized, forming one complete circle, terminal part ends in anterior radical scaly part.</p> <p>Female (paratype, Fig. 20C): Total length: 3.60. Carapace 1.51 long, 1.16 wide, yellow, cephalic region elevated; fovea, cervical and radial grooves distinct. Clypeus 0.44 high. Chelicerae with 4 promarginal and 5 retromarginal teeth. AER recurved, PER straight slightly wider than AER. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.06, ALE 0.06, PME 0.07, PLE 0.07, AME–AME 0.04, PME–PME 0.08, AME–PME 0.07, AME–ALE, 0.04, PME–PLE 0.07, ALE–ALE 0.35, PLE–PLE 0.41, ALE–PLE 0.01. Length of legs: I 5.43 (1.59, 1.85, 1.32, 0.67), II 5.52 (1.60, 1.81, 1.46, 0.65), III 4.11 (1.26, 1.28, 1.04, 0.53), IV 4.88 (1.43, 1.50, 1.31, 0.64). TmI 0.31. Tibial spine formula same as in male. Abdomen 2.28 long, 1.37 wide, oval, other characters same as in male.</p> <p>Epigyne (Fig. 19 A−F): Dorsal plate partly visible in ventral view, posterior margin wave like, ventrally grooved in lateral view. Copulatory openings located mid–ventrally at the junction of the dorsal and ventral plates. Vulva: copulatory ducts 9-shaped, forming broad circular loop anteriorly before turning towards dorsal side. Spermathecae globular, located dorso-laterally, separated by 2 times distance of their diameter; fertilization ducts large, extending mesally.</p> <p>Distribution. Known only from the type locality.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/850A0169FFA1FF80FF5F50F2BACBFB79	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Muhammad, Irfan;Wang, Lu-Yu;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng	Muhammad, Irfan, Wang, Lu-Yu, Zhang, Zhi-Sheng (2023): One new genus and nine new species of Linyphiidae spiders from Yintiaoling Nature Reserve, Chongqing of China. Zootaxa 5257 (1): 82-114, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5257.1.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5257.1.7
850A0169FFA2FF80FF5F544CBA9BF825.text	850A0169FFA2FF80FF5F544CBA9BF825.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sinogone Muhammad & Wang & Zhang 2023	<div><p>Sinogone gen. n. (ḲȐĦM)</p> <p>Type species: Sinogone caesuma sp. n.</p> <p>Etymology. The genus name is a combination of “ Sino ” (refers to Chinese) with the second part taken from subfamily “ Erigoninae ”. Gender is feminine.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Sinogone gen. n. cannot be placed in any of the genus groups proposed by Millidge (1977). Male of Sinogone gen. n. can be differentiated from all other Erigoninae genera by the following unique combination of characters: 1) cephalic lobe absent rather than cephalic region elevated; cephalic pits conspicuous located behind the PLEs (Fig. 23A, B); 2) dorsal tibial apophysis with bifurcated apex, pointing retrolaterally in ventral view; 3) distal suprategular apophysis unmodified; 4) radix give rise to long curved embolus and round to oval anterior radical process (Fig. 21A–D); 5) paracymbium U-shaped, distal arm with hook-shaped tip (Fig. 21B). Female can be identified with unique structure as pair of lateral arms originate from the anterior margin of ventral plate of epigyne and extending posteriorly above the epigastric furrow, these lateral arms do not have any connection with the copulatory ducts or copulatory opening; ventral plate extending posteriorly above the epigastric furrow with copulatory opening as in genus Dicristatus Irfan, Wang &amp; Zhang, 2023 (Fig. 22A–F; Fig. 9A–F).</p> <p>Composition. Since Sinogone caesuma sp. n. doesn't fit into any known Erigoninae genera, we propose Sinogone gen. n. to accommodate the new species.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/850A0169FFA2FF80FF5F544CBA9BF825	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Muhammad, Irfan;Wang, Lu-Yu;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng	Muhammad, Irfan, Wang, Lu-Yu, Zhang, Zhi-Sheng (2023): One new genus and nine new species of Linyphiidae spiders from Yintiaoling Nature Reserve, Chongqing of China. Zootaxa 5257 (1): 82-114, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5257.1.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5257.1.7
850A0169FFACFF8DFF5F51FEBACBFC4C.text	850A0169FFACFF8DFF5F51FEBACBFC4C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sinogone caesuma Muhammad & Wang & Zhang 2023	<div><p>Sinogone caesuma sp. n. (AEṚḲȐĦ)</p> <p>Figures 21–23</p> <p>Type material. Holotype male: CHINA: Chongqing, Wuxi County, YNR, Guan Shanlin, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.697174&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.53758" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.697174/lat 31.53758)">Chang Shizhuzi</a>, 31°32′15.29″N, 109°41′49.82″E, 2147 m, 30 September 2020, Z.S. Zhang et al. leg. (SWUC-T-LIN-32-01). Paratype: 1 female, same data as holotype male (SWUC-T-LIN-32-02).</p> <p>Etymology. This epithet derives from the Latin noun “ caesum ” meaning “comma” and referring to the commashaped anterior radical process of embolic division.</p> <p>Diagnosis. See genus diagnosis.</p> <p>Description. Male (Fig. 23A, B): Total length: 2.23. Carapace 1.11 long, 0.92 wide, cephalic region slightly elevated and extended anteriorly with pits behind PLEs, yellow, fovea, cervical and radial grooves distinct. Clypeus 0.33 high. Chelicerae with 5 promarginal and4 retromarginal teeth. Eye region narrow, AER recurved, PER straight, slightly wider than AER. Eye sizes and interdistances:AME 0.06, ALE 0.08, PME 0.06, PLE 0.06, AME–AME 0.03, PME–PME 0.06, AME–ALE, 0.05, PME–PLE 0.09, AME–PME 0.04, ALE–ALE 0.34, PLE–PLE 0.36, ALE–PLE contiguous. Length of legs: I 3.92 (1.12, 1.35, 1.02, 0.43), II 3.65 (1.05, 1.22, 0.94, 0.44), III 2.84 (0.91, 0.91, 0.70, 0.32), IV 3.97 (1.14, 1.39, 0.98, 0.46). TmI 0.34. Tibial spine formula: 2-2-1-1. Abdomen 1.34 long, 0.83 wide, oval, greenish-grey, mid dorsally with 2 pairs of sigillae, ventral side greenish-grey.</p> <p>Palp (Fig. 21A–D): Patella 2 times shorter than tibia; tibia 2/3 length of cymbium, with 1 reterolateral trichobothrium, dorsal tibial apophysis with bifurcated apex, pointing retrolaterally in ventral view; paracymbium U-shaped, distal arm with hook-shaped tip; protegulum small and transparent; median membrane with broad frayed end; radix robust, tailpiece short with blunt tip; anterior radical apophysis comma-shaped in prolateral view; embolus long and curved, arc-shaped, extending above the apex of cymbium.</p> <p>Female (Fig. 23C). Total length: 2.59. Carapace 1.19 long, 0.94 wide, cephalic region slightly elevated, yellow, fovea, cervical and radial grooves distinct. Clypeus 0.26 high. Chelicerae with 5 promarginal and 4 retromarginal teeth. Eye region narrow, AER recurved, PER straight, slightly wider than AER. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.06, ALE 0.07, PME 0.06, PLE 0.06, AME–AME 0.02, PME–PME 0.05, AME–ALE, 0.03, PME–PLE 0.06, AME–PME 0.05, ALE–ALE 0.31, PLE–PLE 0.34, ALE–PLE 0.01. Length of legs: I 3.81 (1.16, 1.32, 0.92, 0.41), II 3.70 (1.14, 1.29, 0.87, 0.40), III 3.06 (0.96, 0.97, 0.75, 0.38), IV 4.02 (1.21, 1.27, 1.10, 0.44). TmI 0.29. Tibial spine formula: 2–2–1–1. Abdomen 1.63 long, 0.95 wide, oval, greenish-grey, mid dorsally with 2 pairs of sigillae, ventral side brown.</p> <p>Epigyne (Fig. 22 A−F): Ventral plate wider than long, extending posteriorly containing pits with copulatory openings; comprises of strikingly unique vestigial organ as pair of lateral arms originate from the anterior margin of ventral plate of epigyne and extending posteriorly, lateral arms do not have any connection with copulatory ducts or copulatory opening. Dorsal plate reduced in size, D-shaped. Vulva: copulatory ducts extending towards the anterior margin of epigyne and then forming long loop before entering the spermathecae. Spermathecae oval, located between the copulatory ducts; fertilization ducts long, extending mesally.</p> <p>Distribution. Known only from the type locality.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/850A0169FFACFF8DFF5F51FEBACBFC4C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Muhammad, Irfan;Wang, Lu-Yu;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng	Muhammad, Irfan, Wang, Lu-Yu, Zhang, Zhi-Sheng (2023): One new genus and nine new species of Linyphiidae spiders from Yintiaoling Nature Reserve, Chongqing of China. Zootaxa 5257 (1): 82-114, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5257.1.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5257.1.7
850A0169FFA8FF8AFF5F51FEB931FEC7.text	850A0169FFA8FF8AFF5F51FEB931FEC7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Walckenaeria Blackwall 1833	<div><p>Genus Walckenaeria Blackwall, 1833 (ḢĦM)</p> <p>Type species. Walckenaeria acuminata Blackwall, 1833; gender feminine</p> <p>Remark. Walckenaeria comprises 197 species distributed across the globe, including nine species reported from China (WSC, 2023). Out of which 58 species have been described with single sex (33 with female and 25 with male sex).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/850A0169FFA8FF8AFF5F51FEB931FEC7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Muhammad, Irfan;Wang, Lu-Yu;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng	Muhammad, Irfan, Wang, Lu-Yu, Zhang, Zhi-Sheng (2023): One new genus and nine new species of Linyphiidae spiders from Yintiaoling Nature Reserve, Chongqing of China. Zootaxa 5257 (1): 82-114, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5257.1.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5257.1.7
850A0169FFA8FF88FF5F50DEBACBFEE0.text	850A0169FFA8FF88FF5F50DEBACBFEE0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Walckenaeria hongqiensis Muhammad & Wang & Zhang 2023	<div><p>Walckenaeria hongqiensis sp. n. (ḦOiḢĦ)</p> <p>Figures 24–26</p> <p>Type material. Holotype male: CHINA: Chongqing, Wuxi County, YNR, Baiguo Linchang, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.79317&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.490284" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.79317/lat 31.490284)">Mao Xuanwo</a>, 31°29′25.02″N, 109°47′35.41″E, elev. 2010 m, 11.IV.2022, Z.S. Zhang et al. leg. (SWUC-T-LIN-33-01). Paratype: 1 female, Wuxi County, YNR, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.82689&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.522831" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.82689/lat 31.522831)">Baiguo Linchang</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.82689&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.522831" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.82689/lat 31.522831)">Hongqi Management</a> and Protection Station, 31°31′22.19″N, 109°49′36.80″E, elev. 1194 m, 10.IV.2022, Z.S. Zhang et al. leg. (SWUC-T-LIN-33-02).</p> <p>Etymology. This epithet derives from the type locality.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Walckenaeria hongqiensis sp. n. resembles W. ferruginea Seo, 1991 in having the similar copulatory organs (Figs 24A–D, 25A–C; Song &amp; Li 2011, figs 6A–G, 7A–G), but can be distinguished by the dorsal tibial apophysis present in W. hongqiensis sp. n. (Fig. 24B, C), vs., dorsal tibial apophysis absent in W. ferruginea (Song &amp; Li 2011, fig. 6D, G); distal suprategular apophysis protruding above the embolus in W. hongqiensis sp. n. (Fig. 24B, D), vs., retained below the embolus in W. ferruginea (Song &amp; Li 2011, fig. 6G). Copulatory ducts sinuous in W. hongqiensis sp. n. (Fig. 25C), vs., straight in W. ferruginea (Song &amp; Li 2011, fig. 7A, B); spermathecae located mid-dorsally in W. hongqiensis sp. n. (Fig. 25C), vs., anteriorly in W. ferruginea (Song &amp; Li 2011, fig. 7A, B).</p> <p>Description. Male (holotype, Fig. 26A, B): Total length 2.91. Carapace 1.19 long, 0.89 wide, orange, slightly elevated, with pair of small bird’s wing-shaped macrosetae covering the PMEs, followed by thumb-shaped projection located between PMEs. Clypeus 0.18 high. Chelicerae with 4 promarginal and 5 retromarginal teeth. AER recurved, PER procurved slightly wider than AER. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.05, ALE 0.08, PME 0.05, PLE 0.09, AME–AME 0.02, PME–PME 0.12, AME–ALE, 0.04, PME–PLE 0.06, AME–PME 0.16, ALE–ALE 0.33, PLE– PLE 0.34, ALE–PLE 0.01. Length of legs: I 4.52 (1.29, 1.53, 1.02), II 4.2 (1.23, 1.43, 0.91, 0.63), III 3.42 (0.91, 1.17, 0.77, 0.57), IV 4.62 (1.34, 1.57, 1.06, 0.65). TmI 0.48. Abdomen 1.72 long, 1.09 wide, oval, greenish-grey, with irregular patches.</p> <p>Palp (Fig. 24A–D): Patella 2 times shorter than tibia; tibia broadened distally, cone-shaped, with 2 retrolateral trichobothria, tibia with three tibial apophyses, forming acute angle, dorsal tibial apophysis ventrally grooved, triangular, prolateral tibial apophysis long, apex curved with scaly inner surface, directed anteriorly, ventral tibial apophysis rectangular with blunt end; paracymbium J-shaped, distal arm hook-shaped; protegulum transparent with round margin; distal suprategular apophysis slightly grooved, protruding above the embolus with pointed tip. Radix swollen; embolus form complete circle; embolic membrane running along embolus; tailpiece broad at base, abruptly narrowed to a pointed dorsal-curved apex.</p> <p>Female (paratype, Fig. 26C): Total length: 2.94. Carapace 1.16 long, 0.91 wide, orange, fovea, cervical and radial grooves distinct. Clypeus 0.17 high. Chelicerae with 4 promarginal and 5 retromarginal teeth. AER recurved, PER procurved, slightly wider than AER. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.06, ALE 0.09, PME 0.08, PLE 0.09, AME–AME 0.01, PME–PME 0.08, AME–ALE, 0.01, PME–PLE 0.03, AME–PME 0.08, ALE–ALE 0.28, PLE– PLE 0.31, ALE–PLE contiguous. Length of legs: I 4.43 (1.28, 1.44, 0.95, 0.67), II 4.05 (1.22, 1.34, 0.86, 0.63), III 3.52 (1.12, 1.07, 0.79, 0.54), IV 5.03 (1.83, 1.48, 1.03, 0.69). TmI 0.24 and TmIV 0.19. Abdomen 1.31 long, 0.75 wide, oval, greenish-grey, with irregular patches.</p> <p>Epigyne (Fig. 25A–C): Dorsal plate partly visible in ventral view and elliptical in posterior view. Copulatory openings present at junction of dorsal and ventral plate. Vulva: copulatory ducts sinuous, forming 3 turns before entering spermathecae. Spermathecae round, located anteriorly, separated from each other by about diameter, fertilization ducts long, extending mesally.</p> <p>Distribution. Known only from the type locality.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/850A0169FFA8FF88FF5F50DEBACBFEE0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Muhammad, Irfan;Wang, Lu-Yu;Zhang, Zhi-Sheng	Muhammad, Irfan, Wang, Lu-Yu, Zhang, Zhi-Sheng (2023): One new genus and nine new species of Linyphiidae spiders from Yintiaoling Nature Reserve, Chongqing of China. Zootaxa 5257 (1): 82-114, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5257.1.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5257.1.7
