identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
6E14651CCBDD513BBC86B12756059BF2.text	6E14651CCBDD513BBC86B12756059BF2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parachurabana Kise 2023	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Genus  Parachurabana Kise gen. nov.</p>
            <p>Type species.</p>
            <p> Parachurabana shinseimaruae Kise sp. nov. by original designation. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Parazoanthidae with symbiotic relationship with farreid sponges. Polyp cylindrical and flat when preserved. Preserved polyps 0.5-1.0 mm in height, 0.5-3.0 mm in diameter. Azooxanthellate. Cteniform endodermal marginal muscle. </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Parachurabana gen. nov. is differentiated from other sponge-associated parazoanthids based on a combination of host-sponge identity and morphological features.  Parachurabana gen. nov. is easily distinguished from the genera  Bergia ,  Parazoanthus , and  Umimayanthus by its association with hexactinellid sponges, as the three other genera are associated with  Demospongiae sponges. In  Hexactinellida -sponge-associated  Parazoanthidae genera, the association with subclass  Amphidiscophora differentiates  Parachurabana gen. nov. from  Isozoanthus . Marginal muscle morphology differentiates  Parachurabana gen. nov. (cteniform endodermal marginal muscles) from  Vitrumanthus (cyclically transitional marginal muscles).  Parachurabana gen. nov. can be distinguished from  Churabana by polyp size, as  Parachurabana gen. nov. has very flat polyps when preserved (0.5-1.0 mm in height, 0.5-3.0 mm in diameter) in comparison to  Churabana (3.0-4.0 mm in height, 2.8-4.0 mm in diameter). In the16S-rDNA region,  Parachurabana gen. nov. is characterized by a unique deletion of 26 bp (positions 136-150 and 168-178 in our alignment) (Suppl. material 2). </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> Parachurabana alludes to its morphological similarities to  Churabana . The Prefix " para " is a Greek word meaning  “resembling.”</p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6E14651CCBDD513BBC86B12756059BF2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kise, Hiroki;Nishijima, Miyuki;Iguchi, Akira;Minatoya, Junpei;Yokooka, Hiroyuki;Ise, Yuji;Suzuki, Atsushi	Kise, Hiroki, Nishijima, Miyuki, Iguchi, Akira, Minatoya, Junpei, Yokooka, Hiroyuki, Ise, Yuji, Suzuki, Atsushi (2023): A new hexactinellid-sponge-associated zoantharian (Porifera, Hexasterophora) from the northwestern Pacific Ocean. ZooKeys 1156: 71-85, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1156.96698, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1156.96698
6B15928E60455E70AEDB39F12B95F89C.text	6B15928E60455E70AEDB39F12B95F89C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parachurabana shinseimaruae Kise 2023	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Parachurabana shinseimaruae Kise sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figs 1, 2, 3</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>
                  Holotype. NSMT-Co 1819,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 153.06667/lat 23.383333)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=153.06667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.383333">Takuyo-Daigo Seamount</a>
                 off southwestern Minami-Torishima Island, 23°23'N, 153°04'E, 935 m depth, coll. RV Shinsei-maru, 19 June 2020, fixed in 99.5% ethanol. 
            </p>
            <p>Material examined for comparison.</p>
            <p> Churabana kuroshioae  RUMF-ZG-04447 (holotype), collected from near  Iejima Island , Motobu, Okinawa, Japan by T. Higashiji, 02 Mar. 2018  .   Vitrumanthus schrieri RMNH.COEL.42429 (holotype), collected from  SubStation ,  Curaçao by B.W. Hoeksema, 31 Mar. 2014  .   Vitrumanthus vanderlandi RMNH.COEL.42623 (holotype), Cape Verde  Islands ,  Sao
Tiago
 , Ilheus Rombos east of Cima by RV HNIMS Tydeman, 24 Aug. 1986  .   Vitrumanthus oligomyarius CMNH ZG-4785, off  Katsuura , Chiba, Japan by A. Tamura, 19 Jan. 2006  . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> External morphology. Cylindrical polyps that appear solitary and sparsely distributed on the hexactinellid sponge  Farrea Bowerbank, 1862 (Fig. 1a, b). Surface of column rough, and ectoderm continuous. Polyps attached to hexactinellid sponge surfaces with pedal-disk-like structure (Fig. 1c, d). In contracted polyp, tentacles poorly covered by capitulum and actinopharynx visible. Preserved column creamy white in color and heavily encrusted with sand and silica particles. Capitulary ridges discernible, 12-14 in number (Fig. 1c). Tentacles 24-28 in number, shorter than or equal to expanded oral disk diameter. Living expanded polyps to ca. 10.0 mm in height and 5.0 mm in diameter. Preserved contracted polyps to 0.5-1.0 mm in height and 0.5-3.0 mm in diameter. Living column white and/or yellowish; capitulum and tentacle transparent (Fig. 1a). </p>
            <p>Internal morphology. Zooxanthellae absent. Cteniform endodermal marginal muscle with comb-like mesogleal pleats (Fig. 2a). Ectoderm and mesoglea heavily encrusted with numerous sand and silica particles of various size (Fig. 2b, c). Basal canals of mesenteries absent and encircling sinus visible (Fig. 2c). Single siphonoglyph and complete mesenteries possibly fertile.</p>
            <p>Cnidae. Basitrichs and microbasic b-mastigophores, microbasic p-mastigophores, holotrichs, special b-mastigophores, and spirocysts (See Fig. 3 and Table 1 for size).</p>
            <p>Distribution and habitats.</p>
            <p>Northwestern Pacific Ocean: Takuyo-Daigo Seamount off southwestern Minami-Torishima Island at depths of 900-1000 m.</p>
            <p>Associated host.</p>
            <p> Farrea sp. (  Porifera :  Hexactinellida ) </p>
            <p>Molecular phylogeny.</p>
            <p> Both ML and BI phylogenetic analyses using the concatenate dataset indicate that  Parachurabana shinseimaruae sp. nov. is basal to the clade containing the genera  Bergia ,  Parazoanthus , and  Umimayanthus (Fig. 4; ML, 62%; BI, 0.99). ML phylogenetic analyses place  Churabana and  Vitrumanthus in a clade with octocoral-associated genera such as  Corallizoanthus Reimer in Reimer, Nonaka, Sinniger &amp; Iwase, 2008 with no support (ML &lt;50%), whereas BI phylogenetic analyses place  Churabana and  Vitrumanthus in a sister clade to that containing  Parachurabana ,  Bergia ,  Parazoanthus , and  Umimayanthus (Suppl. material 3). The topology of a phylogeny for ITS-rDNA dataset was similar with the concatenate dataset (Suppl. material 4). </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Parachurabana shinseimaruae sp. nov. has so far only been identified on one seamount off southwestern Minami-Torishima Island. However,  Parachurabana shinseimaruae sp. nov. may be distributed across the Pacific Ocean, as several specimens associated with farreid sponges have been observed in Australian waters (M. Ekins personal communication). Although  Parachurabana shinseimaruae sp. nov. is morphologically similar to  Vitrumanthus schrieri ,  Parachurabana shinseimaruae sp. nov. and  V. schrieri can be separated by marginal muscle (cteniform endodermal marginal muscle vs cyclically transitional marginal muscle). Furthermore,  Parachurabana shinseimaruae sp. nov. can be distinguished from  Churabana kuroshioae by polyp size (0.5-1.0 mm in height by 0.5-3.0 mm in diameter vs 3.0-4.0 mm in height by 2.8-4.0 mm in diameter). </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The species is named after RV Shinsei-maru, as the type specimens were collected by this vessel.</p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6B15928E60455E70AEDB39F12B95F89C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Kise, Hiroki;Nishijima, Miyuki;Iguchi, Akira;Minatoya, Junpei;Yokooka, Hiroyuki;Ise, Yuji;Suzuki, Atsushi	Kise, Hiroki, Nishijima, Miyuki, Iguchi, Akira, Minatoya, Junpei, Yokooka, Hiroyuki, Ise, Yuji, Suzuki, Atsushi (2023): A new hexactinellid-sponge-associated zoantharian (Porifera, Hexasterophora) from the northwestern Pacific Ocean. ZooKeys 1156: 71-85, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1156.96698, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1156.96698
