identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03E887DDCC54FFC2FF16FE6A37FBFA4D.text	03E887DDCC54FFC2FF16FE6A37FBFA4D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mnioes Townes 1946	<div><p>Mnioes Townes, 1946</p> <p>Mnioes Townes, 1946: 58. Type-species Lampronota jacunda Cresson, 1874, by original designation.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Mnioes can be distinguished from all other genera of Atrophini by the combination of the following characters: (1) sculpture of the body, usually, granulate and matte; (2) outer surface of mandible, close to the base of upper tooth, convex and polished (Fig. 5B); (3) clypeus basally convex, apically weakly sclerotized and, at least medially, concave (Figs 1C, 2C); (4) clypeal margin truncate to concave medially (Fig. 2B); (5) frons weakly biconcave, granulate, without ornamentations; (6) flagellum, usually (except Mnioes iskay sp. nov.), centrally white- or yellow-banded; (7) scape apically truncated, about 60–75 o from transverse (Fig. 2C); (8) submetapleural carina narrow, only slightly and evenly broadened anteriorly (Fig. 2D); (9) propodeum (Fig. 1D) without anterior transverse, lateral, and lateromedian longitudinal carinae, posterior transverse carina usually discernible as a vestige at middle (rarely more extensively developed), and pleural carina from absent to strong; (10) fore wing with veins 3rs-m entirely absent, with 2rs-m more than 2.0 times as long as abscissa of M between 2rs-m and 2m-cu, 2m-cu usually with two bullae, bullae separated by a short length vein which often bears a stub of a spurious vein (rarely without this abscissa of 2m-cu thus with a single long bulla); (11) hind wing with length of abscissa of Cu1 between M and Cu-a 0.7–0.9 times as long as the combined lengths this vain and cu-a; (12) tergite I without lateromedian longitudinal carinae (Figs 1D and 3C); and (13) ovipositor sheath 1.6–3.1 times as long as hind tibia.</p> <p>Comments. No other South American country has records of Mnioes. The genus ranges from sea-level up to about 3000 meters, with the exception of Mnioes iskay sp. nov. recorded at about 4000 meters. The peak of diversity occurs between 700 and 1500 meters as found in Costa Rica (Ugalde-Gómez and Gauld 2002).</p> <p>Several species are widely distributed and commonly collected; although no hosts are known. Banchinae with known host associations are koinobiont endoparasitoids of Lepidoptera larvae (Quicke 2015; Broad et al. 2018,), and this is also expected to be the case for Mnioes.</p> <p>Sexual dimorphism is mostly evident in the coloration, males in several species are chromatically quite distinct from females, e.g., M. attenboroughi sp. nov. and M. tawa sp. nov. In species with similar coloration in both sexes, males generally present the white band starting more apically and covering fewer articles than in females. Additionally, males are usually much smaller than their respective females (Figs 1, 7, 8). This was also noticed for the Central American species (Ugalde-Gómez and Gauld 2002).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E887DDCC54FFC2FF16FE6A37FBFA4D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Alvarado, Mabel	Alvarado, Mabel (2020): Ten new species of parasitoid wasps Mnioes Townes, 1946 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Banchinae) described from Peru. Zootaxa 4743 (2): 181-199, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4743.2.3
03E887DDCC54FFC1FF16F9C33083FE6A.text	03E887DDCC54FFC1FF16F9C33083FE6A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mnioes Townes 1946	<div><p>Key to Peruvian species of Mnioes</p> <p>1. Antenna without white- or yellow-band (Fig. 3A); metasomal tergites shiny, weakly granulate (Figs 3A and 3C) iskay sp. nov.</p> <p>-. Antenna with white- or yellow-band or with white or yellow colour in some articles of the flagellum; metasomal tergites granulate, matte (Fig. 1D)................................................................................... 2</p> <p>2. Propodeum and mesoscutum black with white or yellowish spots (Figs 4A and 4C)................................. 3</p> <p>-. Propodeum and mesoscutum entirely black................................................................. 4</p> <p>3. Ovipositor sheath 1.6× as long as metathoracic tibia; metasomal tergite I uniformly red; antenna with scape with truncated sections U-shaped basally (Fig. 4B).............................................................. poncei sp. nov.</p> <p>-. Ovipositor sheath 2.1× as long as metathoracic tibia; metasomal tergite I basally and distally yellow (Fig. 4C); antenna with scape with truncated sections V-shaped basally (as in Fig. 5B)........................................ kinsa sp. nov.</p> <p>4. Antenna with yellow-band, more than 20 flagellomeres (Fig. 5A)..................................... pisqa sp. nov.</p> <p>-. Antenna with white- or yellow-band, fewer than 14 flagellomeres............................................... 5</p> <p>5. Metasoma predominantly reddish-brown, at least with tergite IV unicolor reddish-brown............................. 6</p> <p>-. Metasoma predominantly black, at least with IV unicolor black................................................. 8</p> <p>6. Antennal band ventrally black, dorsally white (Fig. 5C)............................................ pusaq sp. nov.</p> <p>-. Antennal band with articles evenly coloured................................................................ 7</p> <p>7. Lower face orbits light yellow (Figs 2 B–C); metathoracic tibia evenly black (Fig. 2C)...................... huk sp. nov.</p> <p>-. Lower face evenly black; metathoracic tibia reddish yellow, at most basally and distally brownish (Fig. 6)... qanchis sp. nov.</p> <p>8. Fore wing weakly infuscate, with a more darkly infumate patches centrally and apically (Fig. 7 A–B)......... soqta sp. nov.</p> <p>-. Fore wing hyaline..................................................................................... 9</p> <p>9. Female with metathoracic coxa reddish (Fig. 1A and 1D); male with metapleuron black with a whitish cream spot (Fig. 1B)................................................................................... attenboroughi sp. nov.</p> <p>-. Female with metathoracic coxa black (Fig. 8A); male with metapleuron reddish with a whitish cream spot (Fig. 8B)................................................................................................. tawa sp. nov.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E887DDCC54FFC1FF16F9C33083FE6A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Alvarado, Mabel	Alvarado, Mabel (2020): Ten new species of parasitoid wasps Mnioes Townes, 1946 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Banchinae) described from Peru. Zootaxa 4743 (2): 181-199, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4743.2.3
03E887DDCC57FFC6FF16FE3E308CFD00.text	03E887DDCC57FFC6FF16FE3E308CFD00.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mnioes attenboroughi Alvarado 2020	<div><p>Mnioes attenboroughi sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 1, 9A)</p> <p>Diagnosis. Mnioes attenboroughi sp. nov. can be distinguished from its female congeners by the following combination of traits: frontal orbit white, tegula black, coxae predominantly red, wings hyaline, ovipositor sheath length 2.3–2.5× as long as metathoracic tibia; while the male can be distinguished due its mesoscutum entirely black and wings hyaline. M. attenboroughi sp. nov. resembles to M. tawa sp. nov. as both have females with mesosoma and metasoma extensively black and wings hyaline; they differ mainly the coloration of the coxae, trochanters and trochantellus predominantly red in M. attenboroughi sp. nov. (vs. predominantly black).</p> <p>Material examined: Holotype: ♀ “ PERU, MD, Albergue Refugio Amazonas 12º52’30”/69º24’35” 231 m 14.iii.2017 D. Couceiro // WIRED AMAZON PROYECT PAN TRAP ” (MUSM).</p> <p>Paratypes: CUZCO: 3♂♂, La Convención, Echarate, 414m, 29.VII.2011, P. Sánchez; 1♂, La Convención, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.022224&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.657694" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.022224/lat -11.657694)">Echarate</a>, Nueva Luz, 11º39’27.7”S / 73º1’20”W, 417m 12–14.v.2012, P. Sanchez; 1♀, idem but 11º41’20.7”S / 72º56’47”W, 482m, 21.VIII.2013, V. Borda; 1♂, La Convención, Echarate, Saringabeni, 12º12’46.21”S / 72º51’48.40”W, 798m, 30.IX.2010, LT, E. Rázuri &amp; C. Espinoza; 1♂, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.91699&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.949759" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.91699/lat -11.949759)">La Convención</a>, Echarate, Túpac Amaru, 11º56’59.13”S / 72º55’01.18”W, 484m, 15.IX.2010 LT, E. Razuri &amp; C. Espinoza; 1♀, 1♂, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.81984&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.213258" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.81984/lat -12.213258)">La Convención</a>, Echa- rate, Kitaparay, 12º12’47.73”S / 72º49’11.42”W, 474m, 11.XI.2009, C. Espinoza &amp; E. Rázuri; 2♀♀, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.06556&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.173612" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.06556/lat -12.173612)">La</a> Conven- ción, Echarate, Quebrada Coentiari, 12º10’25”S / 73º3’56”W, 543m, 7–10.VIII.2011, A. Alfaro; 1♀, idem but 12º10’28”S / 73º03’55.9”W, 06–08.VIII.2011; 1♀, idem but 12º9’56”S / 73º4’2.1”W, 614m, 13–16.VII.2011; 1♀, La Convención, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.02528&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.657499" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.02528/lat -11.657499)">Echarate</a>, Pagoneri Norte 11º39’27”S / 73º1’31”W, 387m, 23–25.XI.2011, P. Sánchez; 2♀♀, La Convención, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.89808&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.703555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.89808/lat -11.703555)">Echarate</a>, Pagoreni, 11º42’12,8”S / 72º53’53,1”W, 475m, 13. V.1998, YPT, J. Santisteban; 1♀, La Con- vención, Echarate, 06.VIII. 2011, 503m, P. Sánchez; 1♀, idem but 526m, 30.VII.2011; 1 F, idem but 11º51’29.41”S / 72º56’49.92”W, 391m, 24.VIII.2015; 2♀♀, 11º41’20.7”S / 72º56’47”W, 482m, 21.VIII.2013, V. Borda; 1♀, idem but 11º49’16.4”S / 73º11’13.4”W, 442m, 24.VIII.2015, M. Pereyra; 1♀, La Convención, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.934364&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.907805" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.934364/lat -11.907805)">Gasoducto</a> TGP, Cami- sea River, 11º54’28.1”S / 72º56’03.7”W, 426m, 18.VIII.2009, W. Paredes; 1♀, La Convención, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.03328&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.225336" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.03328/lat -12.225336)">Reserva</a> Comu- nal Matsigenga, 12º13’31.21”S / 73º01’59.78”W, 1180m, 1.VIII.2007, A. Asenjo, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.806946&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.081111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.806946/lat -12.081111)">Premontane forest</a>, FIT; 1♀, La Convención, near Timpia, Shiguaniro river, 12º4’52”S / 72º48’25”W, 470m 16.x.2010, MT, F. Meza; 1♀, Cashiri- ari, 11 o 52’S / 72º39’W, 579m 31.VIII.1997, MT, Camisea Project; 1♀, San Martin, 7.XI. 1997, 474m, 11º47’S / 72º42’W, MP, Camisea Project ”, 1♀, La Convención, 12º05’7.75”S / 73º03’08.06”W, 640m, 22.IV.2007, F. Azorsa, low hills forest, YPT; 1♂, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.939255&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.974013" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.939255/lat -12.974013)">Reserva Comunal Amarakaeri</a>, 12º58’26.45”S / 70º56’21.31”W, 467m, 01–02. VI.2011, YPT, V. Alarcón &amp; J.F. Costa; 2♀♀, idem but 17.IX–14.XI.2010 333–884m, 12°55’S / 70°51’W, YPT, M. Vílchez &amp; C. Castillo; 2♀♀ idem but MT. MADRE DE DIOS: 2♀♀ Albergue Refugio Amazonas 12º52’30”/69º24’35” 231m, 21.VII.2017 D. Couceiro; 1♀, idem but 27.XI.2017; 1♀, idem but 15.X.2016; 1♀, idem but 04.III.2017; 1♀, idem but 10.VII.2017; 1♂ idem but 20.VII.2017; 1♂, idem but 06.XI.2016; 1♀, idem but 01. XII.2016, MT; 1♂ idem but 02.X.2017, MT; 1♂, idem but 09. VI.2017, LT; 1♀, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.29197&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.841666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.29197/lat -12.841666)">Tambopata National Reserve</a>, Explorer’s inn, 12 o 50’30”S / 69 o 17’31.1”W, 161m, 19.VII.2009, M. Alvarado; 1♀ similar to previous but 02.VIII.2009; 1♀ 1♂, idem but 16.VIII.2009; 3♂♂, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.292915&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.845611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.292915/lat -12.845611)">Tambopata National Reserve</a>, Explorer’s Inn, 12º50’44.2”S / 69º17’34.5”W, 189m, 1–14. XII.2008 MT, M. Alvarado y L. Sulca; 1♀, 3♂♂, idem but 15–28. XII.2008, 1♂ idem but 17–30.XI.2008; 1♂, 12º50’31.6”S / 69º17’36.1”W, 216m, 20.IV–4. V.2009, MT, L. Sulca y M. Alvarado; 1♂, idem but 25.X.2009; 1♀, idem but 29.VIII.2009; 1♀, CICRA, 4.X.2005, 12º34’S / 70º5’W, 208m, C. Castillo &amp; C. Peña; 1♀, idem but MT (MUSM). 1♀, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.03001&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.355278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.03001/lat -12.355278)">Puerto Maldonado</a>, Sudadero, 12º21’19”S / 69º1’48”W, 221m, 21–22.VII.2009, M. Alvarado; 1♀, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.062225&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.522222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.062225/lat -12.522222)">Puerto Maldonado</a>, Madama, 12º31’20”S / 69º3’44”W, 182m, 19–20.VII.2009, M. Alvarado (SEMC). LORETO: <p>1♂, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.22609&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.7188833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.22609/lat -3.7188833)">Iquitos</a>, left bank of Amazonas River, 3°43’7.98”S / 73°13’33.93”W, 89m, 4.IV.2018 C. Ampudia; 1♂, idem but 3°43’53.43”S / 73°13’36.76”W, 92m; 1♀, idem but near to <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.058556&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.7788386" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.058556/lat -5.7788386)">Yurimaguas</a> 5°46’43.82”S / 76°3’30.78”W, 122m, 11.IV.2018, L. Pérez; 2♀♀, idem but near to <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.16986&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.7895083" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.16986/lat -5.7895083)">Yurimaguas</a> 5°47’22.23”S / 76°10’11.52”W, 133m, 8.IV.2018, L. Pérez; <p>1♂, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.33002&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.244872" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.33002/lat -5.244872)">Requena</a>, Bretaña, Lote 95, 5º14’41.54”S / 74º19’48.06”W, 105m, 04.VIII.2018, R. Rivera; 1♂, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.8175&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.3419447" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.8175/lat -4.3419447)">Urituyacu River</a>, near Ayahuasca, 4º20’31”S / 75º49’3”W, 110m, 25.III.2010, MT, C. Castillo; 1♂, idem but YPT (MUSM). JUNIN: 1♂, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.63528&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.237223" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.63528/lat -11.237223)">Satipo</a>, 11º14’14”S / 74º38’7”W, 953m, 21–25.IV.2012, MT, V. Borda &amp; L. Figueroa (SEMC). PAS- CO: ♀, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.57378&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.1825" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.57378/lat -10.1825)">Oxapampa</a>, Yanachaga-Chemillen National Park, Huampal, 10º10’57”S / 75º34’25.6”W, 1001m, 30.IV– 02. V.2011, J. Grados (MUSM). PUNO: 1♂, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.48336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.3914995" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.48336/lat -13.3914995)">Sandia</a>, San Pedro de Putina Punco, Bahuaja Sonene National Park, 13º23’29.4”S / 69º29’00.1”W, 322m, 11–24.IX.2011, E. Guillermo &amp; E. Rázuri (MUSM). UCAYALI: 1♂, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.69353&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.415058" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.69353/lat -8.415058)">Coronel Portillo</a>, Calleria, 08 o 24’54.21”S / 73 o 41’36.7”W, 255m, 14.X.2012, B. Medina; 1♂, idem but 08º18’51.81”S / 73º40’19.52”W, 268m, 27.X.2012, P. Sánchez; 1♂, idem but 73º40’50.78”W / 08º20’53.67”S, 217m, 23.X.2012 P. Sánchez (MUSM). 1♀, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.680664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.350556" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.680664/lat -8.350556)">Abujao</a>, 08 o 21’02”S / 73 o 40’50.4”W, 241m, 28.IV.2013, L. Huerto; 1♂, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.008026&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.94837" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.008026/lat -8.94837)">Coronel Portillo</a>, Rio Suaya, 08º56’54.13”S / 74º0’28.9”W, 230m, 13–14.VII.2008, M. Alvarado (SEMC).</p> </p></p> <p>1♂, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.22609&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.7188833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.22609/lat -3.7188833)">Iquitos</a>, left bank of Amazonas River, 3°43’7.98”S / 73°13’33.93”W, 89m, 4.IV.2018 C. Ampudia; 1♂, idem but 3°43’53.43”S / 73°13’36.76”W, 92m; 1♀, idem but near to <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.058556&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.7788386" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.058556/lat -5.7788386)">Yurimaguas</a> 5°46’43.82”S / 76°3’30.78”W, 122m, 11.IV.2018, L. Pérez; 2♀♀, idem but near to <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.16986&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.7895083" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.16986/lat -5.7895083)">Yurimaguas</a> 5°47’22.23”S / 76°10’11.52”W, 133m, 8.IV.2018, L. Pérez; <p>1♂, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.33002&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.244872" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.33002/lat -5.244872)">Requena</a>, Bretaña, Lote 95, 5º14’41.54”S / 74º19’48.06”W, 105m, 04.VIII.2018, R. Rivera; 1♂, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.8175&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.3419447" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.8175/lat -4.3419447)">Urituyacu River</a>, near Ayahuasca, 4º20’31”S / 75º49’3”W, 110m, 25.III.2010, MT, C. Castillo; 1♂, idem but YPT (MUSM). JUNIN: 1♂, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.63528&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.237223" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.63528/lat -11.237223)">Satipo</a>, 11º14’14”S / 74º38’7”W, 953m, 21–25.IV.2012, MT, V. Borda &amp; L. Figueroa (SEMC). PAS- CO: ♀, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.57378&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.1825" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.57378/lat -10.1825)">Oxapampa</a>, Yanachaga-Chemillen National Park, Huampal, 10º10’57”S / 75º34’25.6”W, 1001m, 30.IV– 02. V.2011, J. Grados (MUSM). PUNO: 1♂, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.48336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.3914995" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.48336/lat -13.3914995)">Sandia</a>, San Pedro de Putina Punco, Bahuaja Sonene National Park, 13º23’29.4”S / 69º29’00.1”W, 322m, 11–24.IX.2011, E. Guillermo &amp; E. Rázuri (MUSM). UCAYALI: 1♂, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.69353&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.415058" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.69353/lat -8.415058)">Coronel Portillo</a>, Calleria, 08 o 24’54.21”S / 73 o 41’36.7”W, 255m, 14.X.2012, B. Medina; 1♂, idem but 08º18’51.81”S / 73º40’19.52”W, 268m, 27.X.2012, P. Sánchez; 1♂, idem but 73º40’50.78”W / 08º20’53.67”S, 217m, 23.X.2012 P. Sánchez (MUSM). 1♀, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.680664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.350556" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.680664/lat -8.350556)">Abujao</a>, 08 o 21’02”S / 73 o 40’50.4”W, 241m, 28.IV.2013, L. Huerto; 1♂, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.008026&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.94837" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.008026/lat -8.94837)">Coronel Portillo</a>, Rio Suaya, 08º56’54.13”S / 74º0’28.9”W, 230m, 13–14.VII.2008, M. Alvarado (SEMC).</p> </p> <p>1♂, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.33002&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.244872" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.33002/lat -5.244872)">Requena</a>, Bretaña, Lote 95, 5º14’41.54”S / 74º19’48.06”W, 105m, 04.VIII.2018, R. Rivera; 1♂, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.8175&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.3419447" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.8175/lat -4.3419447)">Urituyacu River</a>, near Ayahuasca, 4º20’31”S / 75º49’3”W, 110m, 25.III.2010, MT, C. Castillo; 1♂, idem but YPT (MUSM). JUNIN: 1♂, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.63528&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.237223" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.63528/lat -11.237223)">Satipo</a>, 11º14’14”S / 74º38’7”W, 953m, 21–25.IV.2012, MT, V. Borda &amp; L. Figueroa (SEMC). PAS- CO: ♀, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.57378&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.1825" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.57378/lat -10.1825)">Oxapampa</a>, Yanachaga-Chemillen National Park, Huampal, 10º10’57”S / 75º34’25.6”W, 1001m, 30.IV– 02. V.2011, J. Grados (MUSM). PUNO: 1♂, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.48336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.3914995" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.48336/lat -13.3914995)">Sandia</a>, San Pedro de Putina Punco, Bahuaja Sonene National Park, 13º23’29.4”S / 69º29’00.1”W, 322m, 11–24.IX.2011, E. Guillermo &amp; E. Rázuri (MUSM). UCAYALI: 1♂, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.69353&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.415058" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.69353/lat -8.415058)">Coronel Portillo</a>, Calleria, 08 o 24’54.21”S / 73 o 41’36.7”W, 255m, 14.X.2012, B. Medina; 1♂, idem but 08º18’51.81”S / 73º40’19.52”W, 268m, 27.X.2012, P. Sánchez; 1♂, idem but 73º40’50.78”W / 08º20’53.67”S, 217m, 23.X.2012 P. Sánchez (MUSM). 1♀, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.680664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.350556" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.680664/lat -8.350556)">Abujao</a>, 08 o 21’02”S / 73 o 40’50.4”W, 241m, 28.IV.2013, L. Huerto; 1♂, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.008026&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.94837" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.008026/lat -8.94837)">Coronel Portillo</a>, Rio Suaya, 08º56’54.13”S / 74º0’28.9”W, 230m, 13–14.VII.2008, M. Alvarado (SEMC).</p> <p>Description of female holotype. Fore wing length 7.1 mm.</p> <p>Head: Face (Fig. 1C) granulate-punctate and weakly polished, 0.8× as long as wide; clypeus dorsal half granulate-punctate, ventral half granulate, 2.2× as wide as long; malar space 0.6× as long as basal mandibular width; lateral ocellus separated from compound eye by about 1.2× maximum ocellar diameter; distance between ocelli 1.2× maximum ocellar diameter; scape with truncated section V-shaped, with 44 flagellomeres, ratio of length from second to fourth flagellomeres: 3.2:3.0:2.9, subapical flagellomere 1.1× as long as centrally broad.</p> <p>Mesosoma: Granulate-punctate and weakly polished; notaulus vestigial, weakly impressed anteriorly; subalar prominence low and weakly rounded. Propodeum (Fig. 1D) granulate-punctate; evenly declivous from anterior margin; pleural carina distinct only basally; with a weak, narrow vestige of posterior transverse carina present centrally on an elevation. Fore wing with vein 1m-cu with a ramellus; vein 2m-cu weakly sinuate, with a two bullae, with abscissa and without a stub on spurious vein; 2rs-m 5.2× as long as abscissa of M between 2rs-m and 2m-cu. Hind wing with length of abscissa of Cu1 between Cu1 and 1A 0.2× as long as length of vein Cu1 between M and Cu1.</p> <p>Metasoma: Metasomal tergites (Fig. 1D) granulate, matte; tergite I 2.2× as long as posteriorly wide; tergite II 1.1× as long as posteriorly wide; ovipositor sheath 2.3× as long as metathoracic tibia.</p> <p>Colour: Head (Fig. 1C) black; mandible basally, ventral half of clypeus, palpi, and orbit (between antennal socket and median ocellus) white; antenna black with flagellomeres 7–18 dorsally white. Mesosoma (Fig. 1A) predominantly black; anterior margin of pronotum, subalar prominence, dorsal most section of mesepisternum, and distal half of mesoscutellum off-white (Fig. 1D). Prothoracic leg reddish, tarsus brown. Mesothoracic leg red, tibia and tarsus black. Metathoracic leg predominantly black, coxa and trochanter red, trochantellus and basal end of femur reddish-brown, distal half of tarsomere 1 and tarsomere 2–4 white. Wings hyaline. Metasomal tergites (Fig. 1A) predominantly black; anterior and lateral margins of tergite I reddish, posterior margin of tergites I–II, and anterior margin of tergites II–III off-white; mid-posterior margin of tergites V–VII white. Ovipositor sheath black.</p> <p>Variation of female paratypes. Fore wing length 6.0– 8.8 mm. They differ from the holotype in the following features: face 0.7–0.8× as long as wide;malar space 0.6–0.7× as long as basal mandibular width; lateral ocellus separated from compound eye by about 1.1–1.2× maximum ocellar diameter; distance between ocelli 1.0–1.2× maximum ocellar diameter; antenna with 41–45 flagellomeres, ratio of length from second to fourth flagellomeres: 3.0–3.2:2.6–2.9:2.6–2.9, subapical flagellomere 1.0–1.2× as long as centrally broad; fore wing with vein 2m-cu with or without a stub of spurious vein, and 2rs-m 3.1–5.2× as long as abscissa of M between 2rs-m and 2m-cu; hind wing with length of abscissa of Cu1 between Cu1 and 1A 0.1–0.3× as long as length of vein Cu1 between M and Cu1; tergite I 2.1–2.3× as long as posteriorly wide; tergite II 1.2–1.3× as long as posteriorly wide; ovipositor sheath 2.3–2.5× as long as metathoracic tibia. Within the coloration: pronotum ranging from evenly black to having the anterior margin of off-white, mesopleuron rarely with a reddish spot postero-ventrally; prothoracic coxa, in many individuals, basally brownish to brownish-black, rarely leg evenly brownish; some individuals with mesothoracic femur brown; and, metasomal tergite I, in some individuals, anteriorly off-white.</p> <p>Male. Fore wing length 5.2–6.8 mm. The male individuals differ from the females in the following features: clypeus 2.0–2.1× as wide as long; malar space 0.7–0.8× as long as basal mandibular width; lateral ocellus separated from compound eye by about 1.0–1.1× maximum ocellar diameter; distance between ocelli 1.0–1.3× maximum ocellar diameter; antenna with 39–44 flagellomeres, ratio of length from second to fourth flagellomeres: 3.3–3.4:3.2–3.3:3.2–3.3, subapical flagellomere 2.2–2.5× as long as centrally broad; pleural carina distinct along its length; fore wing with vein 1m-cu with a ramellus (rarely without a ramellus), vein 2m-cu with one long bulla (rarely with two bullae), without a stub on spurious vein,2rs-m 2.5–3.3× as long as abscissa of M between 2rs-m and 2m-cu; tergite I 2.2–2.6× as long as posteriorly wide; tergite II 1.1–1.2× as long as posteriorly wide, rarely 0.9× as long as posteriorly wide;</p> <p>Male (colour): Head (Fig. 1B) predominantly white with frons centrally, vertex, gena, and occiput black; antenna predominantly black with scape and pedicel ventrally white, flagellomeres black with flagellomeres 14 or 15–16 (rarely 19) entirely and dorsally of flagellomeres 13–14 and 17–18 (rarely 20–21) white. Mesosoma (Fig. 1B) predominantly black with anterior margin and postero-dorsal corner of pronotum, prosternum, mesosternum, subalar prominence, tegula, humeral plate, mesoscutellum, lower half of mesopleuron, dorsal most section of mese- pisternum, and a spot dorso-posteriorly of metapleuron white. Prothoracic leg orange, coxa and trochanter white, tarsus light brown. Mesothoracic leg orange, coxa anteriorly white, tarsus brown. Metathoracic leg orange, coxa basal-dorsally white, tibia brown, tarsomeres 1–4 white, and tarsomere 5 black. Wings hyaline. Metasomal tergites predominantly black; anterior and posterior margins of tergites I–III white or off-white; posterior margin of tergite IV white or off-white; tergite I laterally, in some individuals, off-white (rarely also of tergites II–III); posterior margin of tergites IV–VI off-white or black; mid-posterior margin of tergite VII white.</p> <p>Comments. The specimens from the Albergue Refugio Amazonas were collected by guests at the Refugio Amazonas Lodge, located on the right bank of the Tambopata River (Madre de Dios, Peru), as part of a Citizen Science program, with the mutual collaboration between the MUSM and Rainforest Expeditions. The collections done in the Refugio Amazonas lodge used light, Malaise, and pan traps (daily serviced) from March 2016 to August 2017, and the collections at the Explorer’s Inn were carried out from December 2008 to November 2009 using solely Malaise traps; these collections showed that the species flies throughout the year, except January and February.</p> <p>Distribution. This species is widely distributed in the Amazon basin (Fig. 9A), from sea level to 600m, rarely, between 1000–1200m.</p> <p>Etymology. The specific epithet attenboroughi honours Sir David Frederick Attenborough; the members of the project “Discovery new species” want to commemorate him for raising awareness about the importance of wildlife conservation and his educational documentaries on wildlife that inspired many biologists, among them the author.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E887DDCC57FFC6FF16FE3E308CFD00	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Alvarado, Mabel	Alvarado, Mabel (2020): Ten new species of parasitoid wasps Mnioes Townes, 1946 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Banchinae) described from Peru. Zootaxa 4743 (2): 181-199, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4743.2.3
03E887DDCC50FFC5FF16FC93308AFE5C.text	03E887DDCC50FFC5FF16FC93308AFE5C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mnioes huk Alvarado 2020	<div><p>Mnioes huk sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 2, 9A)</p> <p>Diagnosis. Mnioes huk sp. nov. can be distinguished from its female congeners by the following combination of traits: facial orbit light yellow, flagellomeres 8–15 entirely light yellow, mesoscutum and tegula black, wings evenly infuscate, and ovipositor sheath 2.8× as long as metatibia.</p> <p>Material examined: Holotype: ♀ “ PERÚ: PA. Villa Rica, Z.A. del <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.21027&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.6455555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.21027/lat -10.6455555)">Bosque San Matías San Carlos</a> 75º12’37”W / 10º38’44”S 1596m 06-10.viii.2012 FIT P. Sánchez &amp; E. Rázuri ”. Paratype: 1♀, similar to holotype (MUSM).</p> <p>Description of female holotype. Fore wing length 8.8 mm.</p> <p>Head: Face (Figs 2 B–C) granulate-punctate and weakly polished, 0.8× as long as wide; clypeus granulate with scatteed punctures, 2.0× as wide as long; malar space 0.7× as long as basal mandibular width; lateral ocellus separated from compound eye by about 1.1× maximum ocellar diameter; distance between ocelli 0.9× maximum ocellar diameter; scape with truncated section V-shaped, with 48 flagellomeres, ratio of length from second to fourth flagellomeres: 3.2:2.8:2.7, subapical flagellomere 1.0× as long as centrally broad.</p> <p>Mesosoma: Granulate-punctate and weakly polished; notaulus vestigial, weakly impressed anteriorly; subalar prominence low and weakly rounded. Propodeum (Fig. 2D) granulate-punctate; declivous from anterior margin, centrally between anterior margin and posterior transverse carinae with a median longitudinal concavity, weakly folded in homologous position to lateral longitudinal carina; pleural carina present; posterior transverse carina present, except laterally. Fore wing with vein 1m-cu with a ramellus; vein 2m-cu weakly sinuate, with a two bullae, with abscissa and with a stub on spurious vein; 2rs-m 3.5× as long as abscissa of M between 2rs-m and 2m-cu. Hind wing with length of abscissa of Cu1 between Cu1 and 1A 0.2× as long as length of vein Cu1 between M and Cu1.</p> <p>Metasoma: Metasomal tergites granulate, matte; tergite I 2.8× as long as posteriorly wide; tergite II 1.2× as long as posteriorly wide; ovipositor sheath 2.8× as long as metathoracic tibia (Fig. 2A).</p> <p>Colour: Head (Figs 2 B–C) black, face (with a median vertical brown mark), clypeus, mandibles, and orbit (reaching to median ocellus) light yellow, palpi off-white; antenna black with scape ventrally orange, apical third of flagellomere 7 and flagellomeres 8–15 entirely light yellow. Mesosoma predominantly black with anterior margin of pronotum yellowish. Prothoracic and mesothoracic legs orange, tarsomeres 2–5 brown. Metathoracic leg with coxa, trochanter, trochantellus, and basal end of femur orange; femur, tibia, basal quarter of length of basitarsus, and tarsomere 5 black; distal 3/4 of the length of basitarsus and tarsomeres 2–4 white. Wings evenly infuscate. Metasomal tergites predominantly orange, tergite I centrally and tergites II–IV with maculae brownish. Ovipositor sheath dark brown.</p> <p>Variation of female paratype. Fore wing length 10.7 mm. It differs from the holotype in the following features: ratio of length from second to fourth flagellomeres: 3.3:2.9:2.8; fore wing with vein 2m-cu without a stub on spurious vein, 2rs-m 4.0× as long as abscissa of M between 2rs-m and 2m-cu; tergite I 2.6× as long as posteriorly wide; tergite II 1.3× as long as posteriorly wide; and ovipositor sheath 2.9× as long as metathoracic tibia. Within the coloration: face predominantly brown with facial orbit light yellow, mesosoma evenly black; prothoracic and mesothoracic coxae and mesothoracic femur brownish; metathoracic coxa, trochanter, trochantellus, and femur black; metasomal tergites predominantly orange, tergite I brown with posterior margin orange.</p> <p>Male. Unknown.</p> <p>Distribution. This species is was collected in a primary cloud forest, in the buffer zone of San Matías–San Carlos Protection Forest, Pasco (Fig. 9A).</p> <p>Etymology. The specific epithet huk means “one” in Quechua. It is treated as a masculine noun in apposition.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E887DDCC50FFC5FF16FC93308AFE5C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Alvarado, Mabel	Alvarado, Mabel (2020): Ten new species of parasitoid wasps Mnioes Townes, 1946 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Banchinae) described from Peru. Zootaxa 4743 (2): 181-199, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4743.2.3
03E887DDCC52FFCBFF16FF4A35D5FDE8.text	03E887DDCC52FFCBFF16FF4A35D5FDE8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mnioes iskay Alvarado 2020	<div><p>Mnioes iskay sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 3, 9A)</p> <p>Diagnosis. Mnioes iskay sp. nov. is the only species within the genus that has the frons evenly black, metasomal tergites shiny, and female with antenna evenly black.</p> <p>Material examined: Holotype: ♀, “ PERÚ: CA. <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.33723&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.9744444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.33723/lat -6.9744444)">Sorochuco</a>, El Galeno 78º20’14”W / 6º58’28”S 13-15/iv/2009 3975m L. Huerto ” (MUSM).</p> <p>Description of female holotype. Fore wing length 7.1 mm.</p> <p>Head: Face granulate-punctate and weakly polished, 0.6× as long as wide; clypeus dorsal half granulate-punctate, ventral half granulate, 1.5× as wide as long; malar space 1.1× as long as basal mandibular width; lateral ocellus separated from compound eye by about 1.5× maximum ocellar diameter; distance between ocelli 1.5× maximum ocellar diameter; scape with truncated section V-shaped; with 52 flagellomeres, ratio of length from second to fourth flagellomeres: 2.9:2.8:2.6, subapical flagellomere 1.2× as long as centrally broad.</p> <p>Mesosoma: Granulate-punctate and weakly polished; notaulus vestigial, weakly impressed anteriorly; subalar prominence low and elongate. Propodeum (Fig. 3B) granulate-punctate; evenly declivous from anterior margin; pleural carina present; posterior transverse carina present, complete and strong, up-curved. Fore wing with vein 1mcu with a ramellus; vein 2m-cu weakly sinuate, with a two bullae, with abscissa and with a stub on spurious vein; 2rs-m 2.8× as long as abscissa of M between 2rs-m and 2m-cu. Hind wing with length of abscissa of Cu1 between Cu1 and 1A 0.3× as long as length of vein Cu1 between M and Cu1.</p> <p>Metasoma: Metasomal tergites softly granulate, shiny; tergite I 1.9× as long as posteriorly wide; tergite II 1.0× as long as posteriorly wide; ovipositor sheath 4.0× as long as metathoracic tibia.</p> <p>Colour: Head black, ventral half of clypeus and mandibles at middle white. Mesosoma predominantly black; anterior margin of pronotum, tegula, and humeral plate white. Legs with coxae (but ventrodistally off-white), trochanter (but ventrodistally off-white), and trochantellus black but distally off-white; femurs, tibiae and tarsomeres orange-brown. Wings hyaline. Metasomal tergites predominantly black, latero-anteriorly of tergite I, lateral margin of tergites II–VII, posterior margin of tergites V–VII, and hypopygium off-white; posterior margins of tergites II–IV reddish. Ovipositor sheath black.</p> <p>Male. Unknown.</p> <p>Comments. Within the genus, it is the species that occurs at the highest elevation, 3975m.</p> <p>Distribution. Cajamarca (Fig. 9A).</p> <p>Etymology. The specific epithet iskay means “two” in Quechua. It is treated as a masculine noun in apposi- tion.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E887DDCC52FFCBFF16FF4A35D5FDE8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Alvarado, Mabel	Alvarado, Mabel (2020): Ten new species of parasitoid wasps Mnioes Townes, 1946 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Banchinae) described from Peru. Zootaxa 4743 (2): 181-199, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4743.2.3
03E887DDCC5DFFCAFF16FDBE35D5FEED.text	03E887DDCC5DFFCAFF16FDBE35D5FEED.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mnioes kinsa Alvarado 2020	<div><p>Mnioes kinsa sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 4C, 9B)</p> <p>Diagnosis. Mnioes kinsa sp. nov. can be distinguished from its female congeners by the following combination of traits: frontal and facial orbit white, tegula light yellow, mesoscutum with a light yellow spot at center, metasoma red, flagellomeres 7–20 entirely white, ovipositor sheath 2.1× as long as metathoracic tibia. It resembles to M. nalbes Ugalde-Gómez and Gauld, 2002 as both have females with gena black, mesoscutum black with a small central white mark, metasoma predominantly reddish, and propodeum black with posterolateral white marks; they differ in the length of the ovipositor sheaths 2.1× as long as metathoracic tibia in M. kinsa sp. nov. (vs. 2.9–3.1×) and meso- and metathoracic tibia off-yellow (vs. basally reddish and distally infuscate).</p> <p>Material examined: Holotype: ♀, “ PERÚ: PA. <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.57378&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.1825" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.57378/lat -10.1825)">Oxapampa</a>, PN Yanachaga-Chemillen, Puesto Huampal 10º10’57”S / 75º34’25.6”W 1001m 30.iv–02.v.2010 C. Carranza Leg ” (MUSM). Left leg removed for molecular work [DNA-Ichn 00020], and right tarsus missing.</p> <p>Description of female holotype. Fore wing length 8.6 mm.</p> <p>Head: Face granulate-punctate and weakly polished, 0.7× as long as wide; clypeus dorsal half granulate, ventral half granulate-punctate, 1.9× as wide as long; malar space 0.6× as long as basal mandibular width; lateral ocellus separated from compound eye by about 1.2× maximum ocellar diameter; distance between ocelli 1.1× maximum ocellar diameter; scape with truncated sections V-shaped; with 45 flagellomeres, ratio of length from second to fourth flagellomeres: 2.9:2.6:2.6, subapical flagellomere 1.8× as long as centrally broad.</p> <p>Mesosoma: Granulate-punctate and weakly polished; notaulus vestigial, weakly impressed anteriorly; subalar prominence low and weakly rounded. Propodeum granulate-punctate; evenly declivous from anterior margin, weakly folded in homologous position to lateral longitudinal carina next to spiracle; pleural carina present; with a weak vestige of posterior transverse carina present, except laterally. Fore wing with vein 1m-cu without a ramellus; vein 2m-cu weakly sinuate, with a two bullae, with abscissa and without a stub on spurious vein; 2rs-m 3.1× as long as abscissa of M between 2rs-m and 2m-cu. Hind wing with length of abscissa of Cu1 between Cu1 and 1A 0.3× as long as length of vein Cu1 between M and Cu1.</p> <p>Metasoma: Metasomal tergites granulate, matte; tergite I 2.3× as long as posteriorly wide; tergite II 1.1× as long as posteriorly wide; ovipositor sheath 2.1× as long as metathoracic tibia.</p> <p>Colour: Head predominantly light yellow, but face with a median vertical mark, upper half of clypeus, frons centrally, vertex, and gena black; antenna predominantly black, scape ventrally light yellow, and flagellomere 6 ventrally and flagellomeres 7–20 entirely white. Mesosoma predominantly black, but light yellow on anterior margin and postero-dorsal corner of pronotum, mesoscutellum, postscutellum, a spot at center of mesoscutum, a spot postero-ventrally of mesopleuron, subalar prominence, tegula, humeral plate, dorsal most section of mesepisternum, dorso-centrally of metapleuron, propodeum laterally (between spiracle and posterior transverse carina) and midsection of posterior transverse carina. Legs reddish with prothoracic coxa lateroventrally (dorsally brownish) and mesothoracic coxa lateroventrally (basally) light yellow, mesothoracic tarsus brown, meso- and metathoracic tibia off-yellow. Wings hyaline. Metasomal tergites predominantly reddish, anterior third of length of tergite I and posterior margin of tergite II yellowish, posterior margin of tergite I off-white. Ovipositor sheath black.</p> <p>Male. Unknown.</p> <p>Distribution. This species was collected in a cloud forest in Yanachaga–Chemillén National Park, Pasco (Fig. 9B).</p> <p>Etymology. The specific epithet kinsa means “three” in Quechua. It is treated as a masculine noun in apposi- tion.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E887DDCC5DFFCAFF16FDBE35D5FEED	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Alvarado, Mabel	Alvarado, Mabel (2020): Ten new species of parasitoid wasps Mnioes Townes, 1946 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Banchinae) described from Peru. Zootaxa 4743 (2): 181-199, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4743.2.3
03E887DDCC5CFFC9FF16FB0D308CFD3C.text	03E887DDCC5CFFC9FF16FB0D308CFD3C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mnioes pisqa Alvarado 2020	<div><p>Mnioes pisqa sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 5 A–B, 9B)</p> <p>Diagnosis. Mnioes pisqa sp. nov. can be distinguished from its female congeners by the following combination of traits: frontal orbit yellowish, flagellomeres 5–22 entirely yellow, ovipositor sheath 2.5× as long as metathoracic tibia.</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype: ♀, “ PERU: CU, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.15692&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.660986" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.15692/lat -12.660986)">La Convención</a>, Echarate, CC. Otsanampiato 12º39’39.55”S / 73º09’24.92”W 1654m. 15.ix.2010. Light, M. Alvarado y J. Peralta ”. Paratype. 1♀, same data as holotype (MUSM).</p> <p>Description of female holotype. Fore wing length 7.6 mm.</p> <p>Head: Face granulate-punctate and weakly polished, 0.7× as long as wide; clypeus granulate-punctate, 1.9× as wide as long; malar space 0.9× as long as basal mandibular width; lateral ocellus separated from compound eye by about 1.1× maximum ocellar diameter; distance between ocelli 1.0× maximum ocellar diameter; scape with truncated section V-shaped (Fig. 5B), with 45 flagellomeres, ratio of length from second to fourth flagellomeres: 2.7:2.5:2.5, subapical flagellomere 0.9× as long as centrally broad.</p> <p>Mesosoma: Granulate-punctate and weakly polished; notaulus vestigial, weakly impressed anteriorly; subalar prominence low and weakly rounded. Propodeum granulate-punctate; declivous from anterior margin, centrally between anterior margin and posterior transverse carinae with a median longitudinal concavity, weakly folded in homologous position to lateral longitudinal carina only next to spiracle; pleural carina present; posterior transverse carina present. Fore wing with vein 1m-cu with a ramellus; vein 2m-cu weakly sinuate, with a two bullae, with abscissa and with a stub on spurious vein; 2rs-m 3.1× as long as abscissa of M between 2rs-m and 2m-cu. Hind wing with length of abscissa of Cu1 between Cu1 and 1A 0.4× as long as length of vein Cu1 between M and Cu1.</p> <p>Metasoma: Metasomal tergites granulate, matte; tergite I 2.0× as long as posteriorly wide; tergite II 1.3× as long as posteriorly wide; ovipositor sheath 2.5× as long as metathoracic tibia.</p> <p>Colour: Head black, ventral half of clypeus off-white, palpi orange, orbit (between antennal socket and median ocellus) yellow; antenna black with apical half of flagellomere 3, basal half of flagellomere 4, and flagellomere 2–3 brown, apical half of flagellomere 4, 5–22 (entirely) yellow. Mesosoma (Fig. 5A) black, subalar prominence brownish black.Legs orange, prothoracic leg with coxa basally brownish, tarsomere 3–5 of prothoracic and mesothoracic leg light brown. Wings softly infuscate. Metasomal tergites orange; tergite I centrally brownish; ovipositor sheath dark brown.</p> <p>Variation of female paratype. Fore wing length 8.0 mm. It differs from the holotype in the following features: clypeus 1.8× as wide as long; lateral ocellus separated from compound eye by about 1.0× maximum ocellar diameter; ratio of length from second to fourth flagellomeres: 2.7:2.3:2.3; fore wing with vein 1m-cu without a ramellus, vein 2m-cu without a stub on spurious vein, 2rs-m 3.0× as long as abscissa of M between 2rs-m and 2m-cu; tergite I 2.1× as long as posteriorly wide.</p> <p>Male. Unknown.</p> <p>Distribution. The species was collected in Cuzco department (Fig. 9B), using light traps.</p> <p>Etymology. The specific epithet pisqa means “five” in Quechua. It is treated as a masculine noun in apposition.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E887DDCC5CFFC9FF16FB0D308CFD3C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Alvarado, Mabel	Alvarado, Mabel (2020): Ten new species of parasitoid wasps Mnioes Townes, 1946 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Banchinae) described from Peru. Zootaxa 4743 (2): 181-199, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4743.2.3
03E887DDCC5FFFC8FF16FCF235CDFE20.text	03E887DDCC5FFFC8FF16FCF235CDFE20.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mnioes poncei Alvarado 2020	<div><p>Mnioes poncei sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 4, 9B)</p> <p>Diagnosis. Mnioes poncei sp. nov. can be distinguished from its female congeners by the following combination of traits: frontal and facial orbit white, tegula black, mesoscutum with longitudinal notaular stripes extending from anterior margin to center and a pot at center white, and metasoma red. This species has the shortest ovipositor sheath length in the genus, 1.6× as long as metathoracic tibia.</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype: ♀, “ PERU, MD, Albergue Refugio Amazonas 12º52’30”/69º24’35” 231 m 26.iv.2017 D. Couceiro // WIRED AMAZON PROYECT PAN TRAP ” (MUSM). Right leg removed for molecular work [DNA-Ichn00391].</p> <p>Description of female holotype. Fore wing length 6.0 mm.</p> <p>Head: Face granulate-punctate and weakly polished, 0.7× as long as wide; clypeus granulate, 2.0× as wide as long; malar space 1.0× as long as basal mandibular width; lateral ocellus separated from compound eye by about 1.0× maximum ocellar diameter; distance between ocelli 1.3× maximum ocellar diameter; scape (Fig. 4B) with truncated section U-shaped, with 44 flagellomeres, ratio of length from second to fourth flagellomeres: 3.9:3.6:3.1, subapical flagellomere 1.0× as long as centrally broad.</p> <p>Mesosoma: Granulate-punctate and weakly polished; notaulus undistinguishable; subalar prominence low and weakly rounded. Propodeum granulate-punctate; evenly declivous from anterior margin; pleural carina present; with a weak vestige of posterior transverse carina present, except laterally. Fore wing with vein 1m-cu without a ramellus; vein 2m-cu straight, with a single bulla, without abscissa and without a stub of spurious vein; 2rs-m 1.5× as long as abscissa of M between 2rs-m and 2m-cu. Hind wing with length of abscissa of Cu1 between Cu1 and 1A 0.7× as long as length of vein Cu1 between M and Cu1.</p> <p>Metasoma: Metasomal tergites granulate, matte; tergite I 1.8× as long as posteriorly wide; tergite II 0.9× as long as posteriorly wide; ovipositor sheath 1.6× as long as metathoracic tibia (Fig. 4A).</p> <p>Colour: Head (Fig. 4B) predominantly black; clypeus off-white, mandibles, palpi, and orbit (between upper half of face and after lateral ocellus) white; antenna black with flagellomeres 9–15 (entirely) and dorsal half of flagellomere 16 white. Mesosoma (Fig. 4B) predominantly black; anterior margin of pronotum (dorsally), subalar prominence, humeral plate, mesoscutum with longitudinal notaular stripes extending from anterior margin to center and a spot at center, mesoscutellum, postscutellum, a spot postero-ventrally of mesopleuron, upper division of metapleuron, and a band covering dorso-posterior section of metapleuron and dorso-posterior section of propodeum white. Prothoracic leg orange, coxa and trochanter white, tarsomeres 3–5 light brown. Mesothoracic leg orange, coxa basal-laterally white, tarsomeres 3–5 light brown. Metathoracic leg reddish-orange, tibia brown, tarsomeres 1–4 white, and tarsomere 5 black. Wings hyaline. Metasoma reddish; ovipositor sheath black, distal end white (Fig. 4A).</p> <p>Male. Unknown.</p> <p>Comments. Despite the effort done in the Refugio Amazonas Lodge representing almost two years of continuous sampling, and the variety of traps employed (pan trap, Malaise traps, and light traps), only one individual was collected. It overlaps its distribution with the widely distributed species M. attenboroughi sp. nov., of which several individuals were collected.</p> <p>Distribution. Madre de Dios (Fig. 9B).</p> <p>Etymology. The specific epithet poncei honours Carlos Ponce del Prado. Members of the project Discovery want to commemorate him for his educational labour and laudable work as promoter of protected natural areas in Peru.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E887DDCC5FFFC8FF16FCF235CDFE20	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Alvarado, Mabel	Alvarado, Mabel (2020): Ten new species of parasitoid wasps Mnioes Townes, 1946 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Banchinae) described from Peru. Zootaxa 4743 (2): 181-199, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4743.2.3
03E887DDCC5EFFCFFF16FDF63087FCB5.text	03E887DDCC5EFFCFFF16FDF63087FCB5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mnioes pusaq Alvarado 2020	<div><p>Mnioes pusaq sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 5C, 9B)</p> <p>Diagnosis. Mnioes pusaq sp. nov. can be distinguished from its female congeners by the following combination of traits: face black, flagellomeres 8–14 dorsally white, mesoscutum black, tegula brownish, metasoma predominantly red, wings softly infuscate but centrally hyaline, and ovipositor sheath 2.2× as long as metathoracic tibia,</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype: ♀, “ PERU: CA. <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.11153&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.8595834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.11153/lat -6.8595834)">Monteseco</a>, ~ 1232m. 6°51’34.5”S / 79°6’41.5”W. 17.v.2010 J. Grados leg.” (MUSM).</p> <p>Description of female holotype. Fore wing length 7.1 mm.</p> <p>Head: Face granulate-punctate and weakly polished, 0.7× as long as wide; clypeus dorsal half granulate-punctate, ventral half granulate, 2.1× as wide as long; malar space 0.8× as long as basal mandibular width; lateral ocellus separated from compound eye by about 1.1× maximum ocellar diameter; distance between ocelli 1.1× maximum ocellar diameter; scape with truncated section V-shaped, with 41 flagellomeres, ratio of length from second to fourth flagellomeres: 3.1:2.8:2.6, subapical flagellomere 1.2× as long as centrally broad.</p> <p>Mesosoma: Granulate-punctate and weakly polished; notaulus vestigial, weakly impressed anteriorly; subalar prominence low and weakly rounded. Propodeum granulate-punctate; evenly declivous from anterior margin; pleural carina present; with a weak vestige of posterior transverse carina centrally. Fore wing with vein 1m-cu with a ramellus; vein 2m-cu weakly sinuate, with a two bullae, with abscissa and with a stub on spurious vein; 2rs-m 3.2× as long as abscissa of M between 2rs-m and 2m-cu. Hind wing with length of abscissa of Cu1 between Cu1 and 1A 0.1× as long as length of vein Cu1 between M and Cu1.</p> <p>Metasoma: Metasomal tergites granulate, matte; tergite I 2.3× as long as posteriorly wide; tergite II 1.2× as long as posteriorly wide; ovipositor sheath 2.2× as long as metathoracic tibia.</p> <p>Colour: Head predominantly black; lower half of clypeus, middle of mandibles, palpi and frontal orbit (between antennal socket and after median ocellus) off-white; antenna predominantly black, scape ventrally brownish, flagellomeres 8–14 dorsally white. Mesosoma (Fig. 5C) predominantly black, but light yellow on anterior margin (dorsally) of pronotum, mesoscutellum, subalar prominence, dorsal most section of mesepisternum, and dorsocentrally of metapleuron (surrounded by a reddish-brown coloration), and brownish on tegula, humeral plate, and postscutellum. Legs predominantly reddish, prothoracic and mesothoracic tarsomeres light brown; mesothoracic tibia apically and tarsus brown but apical half of tarsomere 1 and tarsomere 2 off-white. Wings softly infuscate, centrally hyaline. Metasomal tergites (Fig. 5C) predominantly red, posterior margin of tergites I–II yellowish. Ovipositor sheath black.</p> <p>Male. Unknown.</p> <p>Distribution. Cajamarca (Fig. 9B), from the Andes western slopes.</p> <p>Etymology. The specific epithet pusaq means “eight” in Quechua. It is treated as a masculine noun in apposition.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E887DDCC5EFFCFFF16FDF63087FCB5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Alvarado, Mabel	Alvarado, Mabel (2020): Ten new species of parasitoid wasps Mnioes Townes, 1946 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Banchinae) described from Peru. Zootaxa 4743 (2): 181-199, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4743.2.3
03E887DDCC59FFCEFF16FC4635E6FEEC.text	03E887DDCC59FFCEFF16FC4635E6FEEC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mnioes qanchis Alvarado 2020	<div><p>Mnioes qanchis sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 6, 9C)</p> <p>Diagnosis. Mnioes qanchis sp. nov. can be distinguished from its female congeners by the following combination of traits: face evenly black, flagellomeres 8–20 entirely light yellow, tegula black, mesoscutum black, wings softly infuscate, and ovipositor sheath 2.5× as long as metathoracic tibia.</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype: ♀, “ PERÚ: MD. <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.12095&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.886528" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.12095/lat -12.886528)">Reserva Comunal Amarakaeri</a> 71º07’15.4”W / 12º53’11.5”S, 1044m 09.ix.2010 Malaise M. Vilchez ” (MUSM).</p> <p>Description of female holotype. Fore wing length 8.3 mm.</p> <p>Head: Face granulate-punctate and weakly polished, 0.7× as long as wide; clypeus dorsal half granulate-punctate, ventral half granulate and with scattered punctures, 1.8× as wide as long; malar space 0.8× as long as basal mandibular width; lateral ocellus separated from compound eye by about 1.1× maximum ocellar diameter; distance between ocelli 1.1× maximum ocellar diameter; scape with truncated section V-shaped, with 44 flagellomeres, ratio of length from second to fourth flagellomeres: 3.0:2.8:2.7, subapical flagellomere 1.1× as long as centrally broad.</p> <p>Mesosoma: Granulate-punctate and weakly polished; notaulus vestigial, weakly impressed anteriorly; subalar prominence low and rounded. Propodeum granulate-punctate; declivous from anterior margin, centrally between anterior margin and posterior transverse carinae with a median longitudinal concavity, weakly folded in homologous position to lateral longitudinal carina only next to spiracle; pleural carina present; posterior transverse carina present. Fore wing with vein 1m-cu with a ramellus; vein 2m-cu weakly sinuate, with two bullae, with abscissa and with a stub on spurious vein; 2rs-m 2.6× as long as abscissa of M between 2rs-m and 2m-cu. Hind wing with length of abscissa of Cu1 between Cu1 and 1A 0.3× as long as length of vein Cu1 between M and Cu1.</p> <p>Metasoma: Metasomal tergites granulate, matte; tergite I 1.9× as long as posteriorly wide; tergite II 1.1× as long as posteriorly wide; ovipositor sheath 2.5× as long as metathoracic tibia.</p> <p>Colour: Head black, mandible distally and palpi dark brown, ventral half of clypeus and orbit (between middle of frons and median ocellus) off- white; antenna black with flagellomeres 8–20 entirely light yellow. Mesosoma black. Prothoracic leg with coxa and trochanter black, trochantellus and femur reddish-brown, tibia and basitarsus yellow, tarsomeres 2–4 light brown. Mesothoracic leg with coxa, trochanter, and trochantellus black; femur brown; tibia and tarsus ventrally yellow; tarsus dorsally light brown. Metathoracic leg with coxa, trochanter, trochantellus, and femur black; tibia and tarsus yellow. Wings softly infuscate. Metasomal tergites predominantly reddish brown, tergite I black with anterior margin reddish brown, tergite II with two dark brown spots medially. Ovipositor sheath black, distal end brownish.</p> <p>Male. Unknown.</p> <p>Distribution. Madre de Dios (Fig. 9C).</p> <p>Etymology. The specific epithet qanchis means “seven” in Quechua. It is treated as a masculine noun in ap- position.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E887DDCC59FFCEFF16FC4635E6FEEC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Alvarado, Mabel	Alvarado, Mabel (2020): Ten new species of parasitoid wasps Mnioes Townes, 1946 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Banchinae) described from Peru. Zootaxa 4743 (2): 181-199, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4743.2.3
03E887DDCC58FFCCFF16FA9C35D5FCC8.text	03E887DDCC58FFCCFF16FA9C35D5FCC8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mnioes soqta Alvarado 2020	<div><p>Mnioes soqta sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figures 7, 9C)</p> <p>Diagnosis. Mnioes soqta sp. nov. can be distinguished from its female congeners by the following combination of traits: face, mesoscutum, tegula, and coxae predominantly black; ovipositor sheath ~2.5× as long as metatibia; wings softly infuscate, with apical and preapical blackish bands. While, males can be distinguished by the mesoscutum entirely black and wings softly infuscate, with apical and preapical blackish bands.</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype: ♀, “ PERÚ: <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.53694&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.049445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.53694/lat -13.049445)">CU. San Pedro</a> 13º02’58”S / 71º32’13”W 1500m 20.ix.2007 Malaise C. Castillo ”. Paratypes. CUZCO: 3♀♀, 1♂, “ PERÚ: CU, Cosñipata valley, San Pedro, 13º03’23”S / 71º32’55”W, 22.ix.2007, 1520m, MT, C. Castillo; ♀, 2♂♂, idem but 13º03’22.5”S / 71º32’55.2”W, XII.2007. PASCO: 1♀, Villa Rica, Bosque <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.20611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.6475" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.20611/lat -10.6475)">San Matias San Carlos Protected Area</a>, 10º38’51”S / 75º12’22”W, 1556m, 03-05.v.2012, LT, L. Figueroa &amp; V. Borda (MUSM).</p> <p>Description of female holotype. Fore wing length 7.2 mm.</p> <p>Head: Face granulate-punctate and weakly polished, 0.7× as long as wide; clypeus granulate with scarce punctures, 2.1× as wide as long; malar space 0.8× as long as basal mandibular width; lateral ocellus separated from compound eye by about 1.1× maximum ocellar diameter; distance between ocelli 0.8× maximum ocellar diameter; scape with truncated section V-shaped; with 43 flagellomeres, ratio of length from second to fourth flagellomeres: 3.3:2.8:2.8, subapical flagellomere 0.9× as long as centrally broad.</p> <p>Mesosoma: Granulate-punctate and weakly polished; notaulus vestigial, weakly impressed anteriorly; subalar prominence low and weakly rounded. Propodeum granulate-punctate; declivous from anterior margin, centrally between anterior margin and posterior transverse carinae with a median longitudinal concavity, weakly folded in homologous position to lateral longitudinal carina only next to spiracle; pleural carina present; posterior transverse carina present, except laterally. Fore wing with vein 1m-cu without a ramellus; vein 2m-cu weakly sinuate, with a single bulla, without abscissa and without a stub of spurious vein; 2rs-m 2.3× as long as abscissa of M between 2rs-m and 2m-cu. Hind wing with length of abscissa of Cu1 between Cu1 and 1A 0.2× as long as length of vein Cu1 between M and Cu1.</p> <p>Metasoma: Metasomal tergites granulate, matte; tergite I 2.1× as long as posteriorly wide; tergite II 1.2× as long as posteriorly wide; ovipositor sheath ~2.5× as long as metathoracic tibia.</p> <p>Colour: Head (Fig. 7A) black, ventral half of clypeus and orbit (between antennal socket and median ocellus) off- white; antenna black 8–13 (entirely) and ventral half of flagellomeres 14–15 white. Mesosoma (Fig. 7A) black. Prothoracic leg black, coxa distally off-white. Mesothoracic leg black, coxa distally, distal half of tarsomere 2 and basal half of tarsomere 3 off-white. Metathoracic leg predominantly black; distal end of coxa, distal half of tarsomere 2, and basal half of tarsomere 3 off-white. Wings (Fig. 7A) softly infuscate, with apical and preapical bands blackish. Metasomal tergites and ovipositor sheath black.</p> <p>Variation of female paratypes. Fore wing length 6.0– 7.5 mm. They differ from the holotype in the following features: clypeus 1.9–2.2× as wide as long; malar space 0.7–0.8× as long as basal mandibular width; lateral ocellus separated from compound eye by about 0.9–1.3× maximum ocellar diameter; antenna with 43–45 flagellomeres, ratio of length from second to fourth flagellomeres: 3.2–3.5:2.8–3.1:2.8–3.1, subapical flagellomere 0.7–0.9× as long as centrally broad; fore wing with vein 2m-cu rarely with a two bullae (if so abscissa without a stub on spurious vein), 2rs-m 1.8–2.0× as long as abscissa of M between 2rs-m and 2m-cu; hind wing with length of abscissa of Cu1 between Cu1 and 1A 0.2–0.3× as long as length of vein Cu1 between M and Cu1; tergite I 2.1–2.5× as long as posteriorly wide; ovipositor sheath 2.4–2.5× as long as metatibia; and, antenna black with flagellomeres 8–12, generally, entirely white and flagellomeres 13–14 (rarely 8 and/or 15) ventrally black.</p> <p>Male (Fore wing length 6.5–7.3 mm). The male individuals differ from the females in the following features: face 0.7–0.8× as long as wide; malar space 0.6–0.7× as long as basal mandibular width; distance between ocelli 0.6–0.7× maximum ocellar diameter; antenna with 45–47 flagellomeres, ratio of length from second to fourth flagellomeres: 4.0:3.8:3.7, subapical flagellomere 1.4–1.5× as long as centrally broad; fore wing with vein 1m-cu without a ramellus, vein 2m-cu with a single bulla and without abscissa and stub of spurious vein; hind wing with length of abscissa of Cu1 between Cu1 and 1A 0.1–0.4× as long as length of vein Cu1 between M and Cu1; tergite I 2.4–2.6× as long as posteriorly wide; tergite II 1.4–1.6× as long as posteriorly wide.</p> <p>Colour (male): Head predominantly black; face (with a black band centrally), clypeus, malar space, mandibles, orbits (between antennal socket and median ocellus) white; antenna predominantly black, scape and pedicel lateroexternally white. Mesosoma (Fig. 7A) predominantly black; anterior margin of pronotum, subalar prominence, tegula, and humeral plate white. Prothoracic leg light brown; coxa basally black, gradually changing to white towards distal end. Mesothoracic leg light brown; coxa basally black gradually changing to white towards distal end; trochanter, trochantellus, and femur latero-externally off-white; tibia ventrally off-white. Metathoracic leg predominantly black, distal end of coxa and tibia ventrally off-white, tarsomeres 2–4 white. Wings (Fig. 7A) hyaline, with apical and preapical band blackish. Metasomal tergites predominantly black, posterior margin of tergite II, anterior margin of tergite III, and mid-posterior margin of tergite VII white.</p> <p>Distribution. Cloud forests of Cusco and Pasco (Fig. 9C), at about 1500 m.</p> <p>Etymology. The specific epithet soqta means “six” in Quechua. It is treated as a masculine noun in apposi- tion.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E887DDCC58FFCCFF16FA9C35D5FCC8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Alvarado, Mabel	Alvarado, Mabel (2020): Ten new species of parasitoid wasps Mnioes Townes, 1946 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Banchinae) described from Peru. Zootaxa 4743 (2): 181-199, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4743.2.3
03E887DDCC5AFFD2FF16FC5B35D5FD3C.text	03E887DDCC5AFFD2FF16FC5B35D5FD3C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mnioes tawa Alvarado 2020	<div><p>Mnioes tawa sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figures 8, 9C)</p> <p>Diagnosis. Mnioes tawa sp. nov. can be distinguished from its female congeners by the following combination of traits: face, mesoscutum, tegula, and coxae predominantly black, at least with flagellomeres 15–17 entirely white, wings hyaline, and ovipositor sheath 2.5× as long as metatibia; while males are the only ones with mesoscutum black with reddish anterolateral marks. This species is more similar to M. attenboroughi sp. nov. (vide Remarcks, supra).</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype: ♀, “ PERÚ: CU. La Convención, Echarate, CC Kitaparay 72º49’11.42”/ 12º12’47.73” 474m 10.xi.2009 Light. C. Espinoza y E. Rázuri ” (MUSM).</p> <p>Paratypes: CUZCO: 1♀, La Convención, Echarate, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.82597&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.112506" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.82597/lat -12.112506)">Timpia</a>, 12º6’45.02”S / 72º49’33.52”W, 546m, 25–31.I.2010, C. Espinoza &amp; E. Rázuri, primary forest with pacal; 1♀, Camisea, 11º41’20.7”S / 72º56’47”, 493m, 10.VIII.2013 V. Borda; 2♂♂, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.067245&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.165555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.067245/lat -12.165555)">Quebrada Coentiari</a> 12º9’56”S / 73º4’2.1”W, 614m, 13–16.VII.2011, A. Alfaro; 1♀, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.03527&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.226058" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.03527/lat -12.226058)">Reserva Comunal Matsigenga</a> 12º13’33.81”S / 73º02’6.98”W, 1297m, 3.VIII.2007, A. Asenjo (MUSM).</p> <p>Description of female holotype. Fore wing length 8.4 mm.</p> <p>Head: Face granulate-punctate and weakly polished, 0.7× as long as wide; clypeus dorsal half granulate-punctate, ventral half granulate, 2.0× as wide as long; malar space 0.6× as long as basal mandibular width; lateral ocellus separated from compound eye by about 1.0× maximum ocellar diameter; distance between ocelli 1.0× maximum ocellar diameter; scape with truncated section V-shaped, with 46 flagellomeres, ratio of length from second to fourth flagellomeres: 3.2:2.7:2.7, subapical flagellomere 1.1× as long as centrally broad.</p> <p>Mesosoma: Granulate-punctate and weakly polished; notaulus vestigial, weakly impressed anteriorly; subalar prominence low and weakly rounded. Propodeum granulate-punctate; evenly declivous from anterior margin; pleural carina distinct only basally; with a weak, narrow vestige of posterior transverse carina present centrally on an elevation. Fore wing with vein 1m-cu with a ramellus; vein 2m-cu weakly sinuate, with a two bullae, with abscissa and with a stub on spurious vein; 2rs-m 2.3× as long as abscissa of M between 2rs-m and 2m-cu. Hind wing with length of abscissa of Cu1 between Cu1 and 1A 0.2× as long as length of vein Cu1 between M and Cu1.</p> <p>Metasoma: Metasomal tergites granulate, matte; tergite I 2.2× as long as posteriorly wide; tergite II 1.2× as long as posteriorly wide; ovipositor sheath 2.5× as long as metatibia.</p> <p>Colour: Head black; mandible centrally, ventral half of clypeus, and palpi off-white; orbit (between antennal socket and median ocellus) white; antenna black with flagellomeres 8–18 dorsally white. Mesosoma (Fig. 8A) predominantly black; anterior margin of pronotum off-white (dorsally white), subalar prominence and dorsal most section of mesepisternum white; humeral plate basally white, grading distally to brown scutellum medially off-white. Prothoracic leg with coxa black, ventrally and distal end off-white; trochanter, trochantellus, femur, and tarsus brown but ventrally light brown; tibia light brown. Mesothoracic leg black, distal end of coxa off-white. Metathoracic leg predominantly black, distal half of basitarsus and tarsomere 2–4 white. Wings hyaline. Metasomal tergites predominantly black; anterior and posterior margins of tergite I–II and anterior margin of tergite III off-white, tergites V–VII mid-posterior margin white. Ovipositor sheath black.</p> <p>Variation of female paratypes. Fore wing length 7.9–8.8 mm. They differ from the holotype in the following features: clypeus 1.9–2.1× as wide as long; lateral ocellus separated from compound eye by about 1.0–1.2× maximum ocellar diameter; distance between ocelli 1.0–1.1× maximum ocellar diameter; antenna with 43–44 flagellomeres, ratio of length from third to fourth flagellomeres: 2.7–2.9:2.7–2.8, subapical flagellomere 1.0–1.1× as long as centrally broad; fore wing with vein 2m-cu with or without a stub of spurious vein; tergite I 2.4× as long as posteriorly wide; tergite II 1.3–1.6× as long as posteriorly wide; antenna black with flagellomeres 7 or 9–17 dorsally white; and metathoracic coxa ventrally reddish. Within the coloration: antenna black with flagellomeres 7 or 9–17 dorsally white; metathoracic coxa, in some individuals, ventrally reddish.</p> <p>Male. Fore wing length 6.0– 6.4 mm. The male individuals (Fig. 8B) differ from the females in the following features: face 0.8× as long as wide; lateral ocellus separated from compound eye by about 0.9× maximum ocellar diameter; distance between ocelli 0.7× maximum ocellar diameter; antenna with 41–42 flagellomeres, ratio of length from second to fourth flagellomeres: 3.5–3.6:3.4–3.5:3.4–3.5, subapical flagellomere 2.2–2.3× as long as centrally broad; propodeum without pleural carina; fore wing with vein 1m-cu without or with a small ramellus, vein 2m-cu with one long bulla and without a stub on spurious vein, 2rs-m 1.8× as long as abscissa of M between 2rs-m and 2m-cu; hind wing with length of abscissa of Cu1 between Cu1 and 1A 0.1× as long as length of vein Cu1 between M and Cu; and tergite I 2.0× × as long as posteriorly wide; tergite II 1.3× × as long as posteriorly wide.</p> <p>Colour (male): Head predominantly light yellow; frons centrally, vertex, gena, and occiput black; antenna predominantly black, scape and pedicel ventrally light yellow, flagellomeres black with flagellomeres 13–21 at leas dorsally white and with flagellomeres 15–17 or 15–20 completely white. Mesosoma with pronotum predominantly black but anterior margin of pronotum and postero-dorsal corner light yellow; mesoscutum black with reddish anterolateral mark; mesopleuron with anterior half dark brown, mesopleuron with posterior half, subalar prominence, dorsal most section of mesepisternum, tegula and humeral plate light yellow; metapleuron orange with a light-yellow spot; propodeum orange, centrally brown. Prothoracic leg with coxa white; trochanter dorsally, trochantellus, and femur light brown; tarsus brown. Mesothoracic predominantly orange; coxa ventrally, trochanter, trochantellus, femur, and tibia off-white; tarsus light brown. Metathoracic leg with coxa orange; trochanter, trochantellus, and femur reddish brown; tibia, basal half of basitarsus, distal half of tarsomere 4 and tarsomere 5 dark brown; distal half of basitarsus, tarsomere 2–3, and basal half of tarsomere 4 white. Wings hyaline. Metasomal tergites predominantly black; tergite I–IV anterior and posterior margins off-white, posterior margins of tergite V–VII off-white or blackish (in some individuals anteriorly off-white).</p> <p>Distribution. Cusco (Fig. 9C), between 474–1297m.</p> <p>Etymology. The specific epithet tawa means “four” in Quechua. It is treated as a noun masculine in apposi- tion.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E887DDCC5AFFD2FF16FC5B35D5FD3C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Alvarado, Mabel	Alvarado, Mabel (2020): Ten new species of parasitoid wasps Mnioes Townes, 1946 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Banchinae) described from Peru. Zootaxa 4743 (2): 181-199, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4743.2.3
