identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
120C1EBCB92C57E6B4100CC223FFB1E1.text	120C1EBCB92C57E6B4100CC223FFB1E1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tetramorium bicarinatum (Nylander 1846)	<div><p>Tetramorium bicarinatum (Nylander, 1846)</p> <p>Figs 1c, 2a, 4a, 5a</p> <p>Queen diagnosis.</p> <p>Measurements (n = 5): TBL 3.9-4.9 (4.4), HL 1.04-1.09 (1.06), HW 0.9-0.95 (0.94), SL 0.64-0.70 (0.68), EL 0.28 (0.28), EW 0.23-0.26 (0.24), PtW 0.39-0.42 (0.41), PptW 0.50-0.52 (0.51), CI 85.7-91.6 (89.0), SI 67.1-75.5 (71.8), ELI 25.7-26.9 (26.5). Head and mesosoma yellowish-brown; gaster blackish-brown. Dorsum of head between frontal carinae with distinct rugae that are weakly waved. Clypeus with three longitudinal carinae; anterior margin with median notch (impression). Vertex, temple, gena, pronotum and nodes of petiole and postpetiole coarsely reticulate. Mandible densely striate. Antennal scape with long decumbent/suberect hairs. Mesonotum covered with rather regular longitudinal rugae. Posterior declivity of propodeum with 2-3 distinct transverse carinae between propodeal spines. Dorsum of petiole and postpetiole coarsely reticulate. Gastral tergite 1 with fine, dense longitudinal striae at base.</p> <p>Caste difference.</p> <p>Worker measurements (n = 5): TBL 2.5-3.3 (3.0), HL 0.83-0.94 (0.88), HW 0.7-0.8 (0.74), SL 0.56-0.61 (0.58), EL 0.18-0.21 (0.19), EW 0.16-0.18 (0.17), PtW 0.24-0.28 (0.26), PptW 0.31-0.37 (0.34), CI 81.9-85.3 (84.1), SI 76.3-81.4 (79.1), ELI 20.9-22.7 (21.8). Worker much smaller than the queen. Eye smaller; distance between mandibular base and anterior margin of eye longer than major diameter of eye; in the queen, the distance as long as or shorter than major diameter of eye. Mandible more weakly striate and more shiny than in the queen. Entire dorsum of mesosoma puncto-reticulate; in the queen mesonotum longitudinally rugose. Propodeal spine slender and always up-curved apically; in the queen it tends to be more strongly sclerotised, relatively shorter, with broader base than in the worker and apex not distinctly up-curved. Long hairs on antennal scape and mid- and hind-tibiae frequently near suberect; in the queen, these hairs less frequently near-suberect.</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>Kyushu mainland: 2q (dealate), Kyushu Univ. Hakozaki Campus, Fukuoka-shi, emerged from colony collected in ix. 2015 by M. Obika and kept in lab; 1q (dealate), Hongôkitakata, Miyazaki-shi, 21.vii.2020, Sk. Yamane &amp; G. Mita; 1q (dealate), Naga-shima, Kagoshima-ken, 31.vii.1979, K. Ogata (Figs 2a, 4a, 5a); 4q (dealate), Kagoshima Univ. Kôrimoto Campus, Kagoshima-shi, 7.vi.2005, rotting log, Sk. Yamane leg. (JP05-SKY-101); 1q (winged), Kamitaniguchi, Kagoshima-shi, 16.ix.2008, attracted to light, Sk. Yamane leg. N. Ryukyus: 1q (dealate), Nakano-shima, Tokara Islands, 31.iii.1991, Y. Yamanouchi leg. C. Ryukyus: 2q (dealate), Takabaru, Yoro-shima, Amami Islands, 2.vii.2015, dead stem on tree, Sk. Yamane leg. (JP15-SKY-34); 1q (dealate), Shuri, Okinawa-jima, 17.vii.2020, in house, Y. Kusui leg.</p> <p>Distribution</p> <p>in Japan. Honshu (Pacific coast), Shikoku, Kyushu, throughout the Nansei Islands, Ogasawara Islands and Iwô Islands (Terayama et al. 2014).</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>Tetramorium bicarinatum is an alien tramp species found in disturbed areas in warmer regions of the world except in Africa. It belongs to the T. bicarinatum species group (Bolton 1977) together with T. nipponense in Japan. In the queen this species is most similar to T. nipponense, which inhabits forests, preferring wetter conditions. The possession of 2-3 transverse carinae between the propodeal spines is an important characteristic in distinguishing the two species; in T. nipponense these carinae are lacking or much weaker (at most one distinct carina present). Furthermore, the propodeal spine is straight throughout its length in T. bicarinatum, while it tends to have a slightly up-curved apex in T. nipponense. New queens are attracted to light.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/120C1EBCB92C57E6B4100CC223FFB1E1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Yamane 1, Seiki;Hosoishi 2, Shingo;Ito 3, Fuminori	Yamane 1, Seiki, Hosoishi 2, Shingo, Ito 3, Fuminori (2022): Japanese Tetramorium queens: identification key and species diagnoses (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae). ZooKeys 1084: 43-64, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1084.69767, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1084.69767
915152C6DE5D593A90C07F32D29D7CF6.text	915152C6DE5D593A90C07F32D29D7CF6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tetramorium kraepelini Forel 1905	<div><p>Tetramorium cf. kraepelini Forel, 1905</p> <p>Figs 1i, lp, 2b, 4b, 5b</p> <p>Queen diagnosis.</p> <p>Measurements (n = 1): TBL 2.7, HL 0.64, HW 0.58, SL 0.38, EL 0.21, EW 0.16, PtW 0.23, PptW 0.28, CI 90.6, SI 65.5, ELI 32.8. Body yellowish-brown. Frons between frontal carinae with weak longitudinal rugae. Clypeus with some weak longitudinal carinae; anterior margin of clypeus without median notch. Eye large, 2 times as long as distance between anterior margin of eye and mandibular base. Distance between posterior ocelli less than 2.5 × ocellar diameter. Vertex, temple including posterolateral corner of head, dorsum of pronotum puncto-reticulate. Entire mesonotum with dense and longitudinal rugae; dorsum of propodeum longitudinally rugose, continuous to anterior margin of posterior declivity that is weakly transversely striate. Lateral face of pronotum and upper portion of mesopleuron distinctly striate; lower portion of mesopleuron only superficially sculptured and shiny. Petiole with strong carinae on lateral face, superficially sculptured and weakly shiny on dorsum; dorsum of postpetiole smooth and shiny. Gastral tergite 1 basally without carinae, smooth. Antennal scape and mid- and hind-tibiae with erect/suberect hairs.</p> <p>Caste difference.</p> <p>Worker measurements (n = 5): TBL 2.0-2.1 (2.1), HL 0.58-0.61 (0.60), HW 0.53-0.55 (0.54), SL 0.35-0.38 (0.36), EL 0.14-0.16 (0.15), EW 0.09-0.10 (0.10), PtW 0.17-0.18 (0.18), PptW 0.19-0.23 (0.22), CI 88.3-90.2 (90), SI 65.5-69.1 (67.3), ELI 23.7-26.2 (25.1). Worker smaller than the queen. In the worker, head more extensively reticulate, leaving area behind clypeus longitudinally rugose. Eye smaller than in the queen, as long as or only slightly longer than distance between anterior eye margin and mandibular base. Eye strongly converging anteriad; in the queen, eye broadly rounded anteriorly. Mesosomal dorsum entirely densely reticulate; in the queen, mesonotum with dense longitudinal striae. In the worker, both petiole and postpetiole dorsum smooth and shiny.</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>C. Ryukyus: 1q (dealate), Itoman, Okinawa-jima, 18.viii.1991, Y. Yamanouchi leg. (Figs 2b, 4b, 5b).</p> <p>Distribution</p> <p>in Japan. Kyushu and throughout the Nansei Islands (Terayama et al. 2014).</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>Tetramorium cf. kraepelini belongs to the T. scabrosum group (sensu Bolton 1977). The so-called T. kraepelini can be a complex of sibling species. As only one queen was available for examination the variation in structure and sculpture is unknown. One queen from a colony collected from Central Thailand and tentatively identified as T. kraepelini is very similar to the queen examined above; however, the distance between the posterior ocelli is slightly longer than in the Japanese form.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/915152C6DE5D593A90C07F32D29D7CF6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Yamane 1, Seiki;Hosoishi 2, Shingo;Ito 3, Fuminori	Yamane 1, Seiki, Hosoishi 2, Shingo, Ito 3, Fuminori (2022): Japanese Tetramorium queens: identification key and species diagnoses (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae). ZooKeys 1084: 43-64, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1084.69767, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1084.69767
BF8D951774325E7EA163249CD12113FF.text	BF8D951774325E7EA163249CD12113FF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tetramorium lanuginosum Mayr 1870	<div><p>Tetramorium lanuginosum Mayr, 1870</p> <p>Figs 1b, h, 2c, 4c, 5c</p> <p>Queen diagnosis.</p> <p>Measurements (n = 5): TBL 2.5-3 (2.7), HL 0.69-0.73 (0.71), HW 0.69-0.73 (0.7), SL 0.45-0.5 (0.46), EL 0.2-0.21 (0.2), EW 0.16-0.18 (0.17), PtW 0.27-0.28 (0.28), PptW 0.29-0.3 (0.29), CI 95.9-101.4 (98.6), SI 61.6-72.5 (65.9), ELI 27.4-30.4 (28.7). Body yellowish-brown, with gaster much darker. Head almost as long as broad. Frons medially with longitudinal rugae; other portions of head puncto-reticulate. Clypeus irregularly and superficially sculptured and shiny, with median carina. Eye large; distance between anterior eye margin and mandibular base much shorter than half eye length. Pronotum, mesonotum, lateral mesosoma, except for lower portion of mesopleuron and petiolar and postpetiole nodes puncto-reticulate except for lower portion of mesopleuron rather shiny (mesoscutum may have rather distinct longitudinal rugae). Peduncle of petiole smooth and shiny; dorsal face of petiole not defined, smoothly continuous to declivity; subpetiolar process almost missing. Gastral tergite 1 without longitudinal carinae at base. Vertex and mesosoma with many bifid and fewer trifid erect hairs; these hairs much fewer on gastral tergites.</p> <p>Caste difference.</p> <p>Worker measurements (n = 5): TBL 2.1-2.6 (2.4), HL 0.64-0.68 (0.65), HW 0.6-0.65 (0.62), SL 0.43 (0.43), EL 0.14-0.15 (0.15), EW 0.09-0.11 (0.1), PtW 0.18-0.23 (0.21), PptW 0.23-0.25 (0.24), CI 93.8-98.4 (95.4), SI 66.2-71.7 (69.2), ELI 22.1-23.4 (22.7). Worker consistently smaller than the queen. Head only slightly longer than broad in the worker. In the worker, dorsum of head rather extensively reticulate, with weak longitudinal rugae, and mesosomal dorsum densely reticulate, completely lacking rugae; in the queen, at least some rugae recognised on mesonotum. Lateral face of mesosoma entirely sculptured; in the queen, lower portion of mesopleuron more or less smooth and shiny. Eye smaller, only slightly longer than distance between anterior eye margin and mandibular base; in the queen, eye distinctly longer than the distance. Bifid hairs denser on gastral tergite 1 than in the queen.</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>C. Ryukyus: 11q (2 dealated, 9 winged), Takabaru, Yoro-jima, Amami Islands, 2.vii.2015, rotting branch on ground, Sk. Yamane leg. (JP15-SKY-27); 4q (3 winged, 1 dealate), Suehiro Park, Shuri, Okinawa-jima, Okinawa Is., emerged from colony (FI19-25) collected on 11.iii.2019 from soil and reared in lab. S. Ryukyus: 5q (winged), Ishigaki-jima, Yaeyama Is., emerged from colony (FI19-15) collected on 7.ii.2019 from under stone in forest and reared in lab; 1q (dealate), Komi, Iriomote-jima, Yaeyama Is., 16.v.1979, K. Ogata leg. (Figs 2c, 4c, 5c); 7q (4 winged, 3 dealate), Inbi-dake, Yonaguni-jima, Yaeyama Is., emerged from colony (FI15-96) collected on 7.xi.2015 from decayed wood in forest and reared in lab.</p> <p>Distribution</p> <p>in Japan. Nansei Islands. The northern limit lies in Kuchinoerabu-jima and Tanega-shima of the Ôsumi Islands (Yamane and Fukumoto 2017).</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>Tetramorium lanuginosum belongs to the T. obesa species group of the former ' Triglyphothrix Forel, 1890' (Bolton 1976). This group is characterised by the mixture of simple and bifid hairs on the body, with fewer or no trifid hairs. Tetramorium lanuginosum queens have many bifid hairs on the head and mesosoma (very few on gastral tergite 1), but trifid hairs are absent on the gaster and fewer on head and mesosoma. This species is easily distinguished in both the worker and queen by the presence of bifid and trifid hairs on the body, erect hairs on the antennal scape and mid- and hind-tibiae and the petiole without distinction of the dorsum from posterior declivity.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BF8D951774325E7EA163249CD12113FF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Yamane 1, Seiki;Hosoishi 2, Shingo;Ito 3, Fuminori	Yamane 1, Seiki, Hosoishi 2, Shingo, Ito 3, Fuminori (2022): Japanese Tetramorium queens: identification key and species diagnoses (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae). ZooKeys 1084: 43-64, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1084.69767, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1084.69767
A6620980367A52A38F6AE6E9EDC8DF47.text	A6620980367A52A38F6AE6E9EDC8DF47.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tetramorium nipponense Wheeler 1928	<div><p>Tetramorium nipponense Wheeler, 1928</p> <p>Figs 1j, m, 2d, 4d, 5d</p> <p>Queen diagnosis.</p> <p>Measurements (n = 5): TBL 3.5-4 (3.8), HL 0.83-0.86 (0.85), HW 0.69-0.76 (0.72), SL 0.54-0.58 (0.56), EL 0.23-0.25 (0.24), EW 0.18-0.2 (0.19), PtW 0.28-0.33 (0.3), PptW 0.36-0.41 (0.39), CI 82.4-88.4 (85.1), SI 74.7-80 (77.6), ELI 27.1-29.8 (28.1). Body yellowish-brown, with gaster slightly darker; coxae, femora and tibiae of all legs creamy yellow. Head distinctly longer than broad. Head reticulate, except for frons between clypeus and ocellar area with a few longitudinal carinae; clypeus superficially sculptured and shiny, with three longitudinal carinae. Mandible densely striate. Pronotal dorsum coarsely reticulate; mesonotum longitudinally striate/rugose; propodeum irregularly sculptured and shiny; transverse carinae between propodeal spines absent or weak (at most only one distinct carina present). Lateral face of mesosoma coarsely rugose except for lower portion of mesopleuron weakly sculptured; propodeal spine slender, often weakly up-curved apically. Nodes of petiole and postpetiole entirely puncto-reticulate. Gastral tergite 1 with longitudinal basal striae. Antennal scape and mid- and hind-tibiae with many decumbent to near suberect hairs.</p> <p>Caste difference.</p> <p>Worker measurements (n = 5): TBL 2.8-3.0 (2.9), HL 0.74-0.79 (0.77), HW 0.63-0.7 (0.66), SL 0.49-0.55 (0.53), EL 0.16-0.18 (0.17), EW 0.12-0.14 (0.13), PtW 0.23-0.26 (0.25), PptW 0.28-0.33 (0.30), CI 84.0-88.6 (86.4), SI 75.4-85.7 (80.2), ELI 24.6-27.3 (25.9). Worker very similar to the queen in coloration, structure and sculpture, with the following differences. Body smaller. Eye smaller, distance between anterior margin of eye and mandibular base slightly longer than major diameter of eye; in the queen, the distance slightly shorter than major diameter of eye. Dorsum of mesosoma entirely coarsely reticulate; in the queen, mesonotum with longitudinal rugae/striae that are dense and often irregular. Lower portion of mesopleuron sculptured and slightly mat; in the queen, lower portion with much weaker sculpture and shiny. Propodeal spine up-curved in apical 1/3; in the queen, the spine tending to be straighter throughout. Petiole tends to be longer than in the queen. Long hairs on antennal scape and mid- and hind-tibiae frequently near-suberect; in the queen, these hairs less frequently near suberect.</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>Kyushu: 1q (dealate), Umi-jinja, Shikano-shima, Fukuoka-shi, 15.ix.1980, K. Ogata leg. (Figs 2d, 4d, 5d); 6q (winged), Yoshino-chô, Kagoshima-shi, 7.ix.2016, attracted to light, T. Tsukada leg.; 3q (dealate), Kenkôno-mori, Inusako-chô, Kagoshima-shi, 20.iv.2019, dry dead twig on ground, Sk. Yamane leg. (JP19-SKY-022); 3q (dealate), near Hetsuka, Minamiôsumi-chô, Kagoshima-ken, 23.vii.2020, nest under moss, Sk. Yamane leg. (JP20-SKY-069). N. Ryukyus: 1q (dealate), Tashiro-Yumugi, Kuchinoerabu-jima, Ôsumi Islands, 26.vii.2016, nest in dead sasa bamboo, Sk. Yamane leg. (JP16-SKY-70); 2q (dealate), Maeda, Kuchinoerabu-jima, in dead twig on ground, Sk. Yamane leg. (JP16-SKY-120). C. Ryukyus: 1q (dealate), Nagakumo, Tatsugô-chô, Amami-ôshima, Amami Islands, 22.xii.2015, in decayed wood, Sk. Yamane leg. (JP15-SKY-72); Takahachi-yama, Amami-ôshima, 5.iii.2017, in decayed wood, Sk. Yamane leg. (JP17-SKY-20); 7q (winged), Chinase, Naze, Amami-ôshima, 28.viii.2019, attracted to light, K. Kanai leg.; 3q (2 winged, 1 dealate), Yonaha, Okinawa-jima, 5.vii-5.viii.2001, Malaise trap, T. Muroi &amp; C. Nakamura.</p> <p>Distribution</p> <p>in Japan. Honshu (southern coast), Shikoku, Kyushu, throughout Nansei Islands, Senkaku Islands.</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>Tetramorium nipponense belongs to the T. bicarinatum species group (Bolton 1977) together with T. bicarinatum in Japan. The gaster is generally much paler in colour than in the latter. The shape of the petiole that is frequently used to distinguish between these species in the worker caste is not very useful in the queen, though in T. nipponense the petiole tends to be longer and have a weakly convex dorsal face (for further discussion, see Remarks under T. bicarinatum). Queens of this species are frequently attracted to light and also caught with Malaise traps.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A6620980367A52A38F6AE6E9EDC8DF47	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Yamane 1, Seiki;Hosoishi 2, Shingo;Ito 3, Fuminori	Yamane 1, Seiki, Hosoishi 2, Shingo, Ito 3, Fuminori (2022): Japanese Tetramorium queens: identification key and species diagnoses (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae). ZooKeys 1084: 43-64, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1084.69767, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1084.69767
8C3ADC28FE6052A4B2902C7C7894E79D.text	8C3ADC28FE6052A4B2902C7C7894E79D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tetramorium pacificum Mayr 1870	<div><p>Tetramorium pacificum Mayr, 1870</p> <p>Figs 1a, 2e, 4e, 5e</p> <p>Queen diagnosis.</p> <p>Measurements (n = 3; material from Southeast Asia): TBL 3.5-3.8 (3.6), HL 0.81-0.86 (0.84), HW 0.70-0.74 (0.73), SL 0.53-0.55 (0.54), EL 0.21-0.23 (0.22), EW 0.16-0.18 (0.17), PtW 0.28-0.30 (0.29), PptW 0.35-0.37 (0.36), CI 86.0-88.1 (86.8), SI 71.6-75.7 (73.9), ELI 24.4-28.4 (26.7). Body brown to dark reddish or blackish-brown. Head in full-face view longer than broad, with almost parallel lateral margins. Frons sparsely longitudinally rugose with interspaces superficially sculptured and often shiny; other portions of head puncto-reticulate; antennal scrobe densely but weakly sculptured and rather shiny. Clypeus with three parallel longitudinal carinae; its anterior margin medially impressed but more weakly than in T. bicarinatum and T. nipponense. Mandible very superficially sculptured or almost smooth and shiny. Pronotal dorsum puncto-reticulate; mesonotum with parallel longitudinal rugae that are often wavy or irregular; dorsum and lateral face of propodeum puncto-reticulate or irregularly coarsely sculptured; remaining portions of mesosoma mainly striate to rugose but lower portion of mesopleuron generally smoother and shiny. Petiole in profile long; its node longer than high, with anterior slope gentle and not clearly separable from dorsum and steep posterior slope; petiole and postpetiole both dorsally and laterally distinctly sculptured and mat. Basal 1/3 or more of gastral tergite 1 covered with distinct longitudinal striae. Antennal scape and mid- and hind-tibiae without erect hairs.</p> <p>Caste difference.</p> <p>Worker measurements (n = 7; 3 specimens intercepted at Kure Port, Japan and 4 from Southeast Asia): TBL 2.9-3.6 (3.3), HL 0.83-0.95 (0.88), HW 0.70-0.81 (0.75), SL 0.53-0.64 (0.60), EL 0.16-0.20 (0.19), EW 0.13-0.14 (0.13), PtW 0.24-0.29 (0.27), PptW 0.29-0.37 (0.33), CI 83.3-87.9 (85.5), SI 75.7-82.9 (80.0), ELI 19.3-22.7 (21.3). Worker very similar to the queen, but with the following characteristics that are different from those of the latter. Body slightly, but constantly larger than in the queen in terms of HL, HL and SL, but eye size smaller than in the latter with ELI 21.3 (worker) vs. 26.7 (queen). Distance between anterior eye margin and mandibular base distinctly longer than major diameter of eye; in the queen, the distance as long as major diameter of eye. Entire dorsum of mesosoma coarsely puncto-reticulate; in the queen mesonotum longitudinally rugose. Mesopleuron entirely with dense minute punctures; in the queen, lower portion of mesopleuron rather smooth and sculpture in upper portion weak.</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>No Japanese specimen available. A dealate queen collected in Upper Thompson Nature Park, Singapore on 9.xii.2017 by Sk. Yamane was used for photos (Figs 2e, 4e, 5e).</p> <p>Distribution</p> <p>in Japan. Not established in Japan.</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>Tetramorium pacificum belongs to the T. bicarinatum group, in which the anterior margin of the clypeus is notched or impressed at the middle (Bolton 1977). Amongst the species found in Japan, this species is easily distinguished from the others by having a near-smooth mandible and the anterior and dorsal faces of the petiole confluent with a smooth curve. Workers were found in a container at Kure Port, Hyogo-ken, Honshu, transported by a ferry from Zhongshan, China via Hiroshima Port. Up to now, any established population has not yet been confirmed in Japan.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8C3ADC28FE6052A4B2902C7C7894E79D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Yamane 1, Seiki;Hosoishi 2, Shingo;Ito 3, Fuminori	Yamane 1, Seiki, Hosoishi 2, Shingo, Ito 3, Fuminori (2022): Japanese Tetramorium queens: identification key and species diagnoses (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae). ZooKeys 1084: 43-64, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1084.69767, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1084.69767
02A8C4F446F356C782FDAFE7A1682BA8.text	02A8C4F446F356C782FDAFE7A1682BA8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tetramorium simillimum (F. Smith 1851)	<div><p>Tetramorium simillimum (F. Smith, 1851)</p> <p>Figs 1g, k, n, 2f, 4f, 5f</p> <p>Queen diagnosis.</p> <p>Measurements (n = 4): TBL 2.3-2.6 (2.5), HL 0.60-0.63 (0.62), HW 0.53-0.58 (0.56), SL 0.39-0.43 (0.41), EL 0.17-0.18 (0.18), EW 0.13 (0.13), PtW 0.20-0.23 (0.22), PptW 0.25-0.28 (0.27). Body yellowish-brown, with darker gaster and light brown to yellow legs. Dorsum of head with dense and longitudinal striae that are regular and parallel; interspaces microsculptured and mat. Clypeus with strong median carina; other longitudinal carinae weak, indistinct; anterior margin entire. Distance between anterior eye margin and mandibular base distinctly shorter than major diameter of eye. Dorsum of mesosoma entirely sculptured; pronotum reticulate, with anterolateral corner angulate; entire mesonotum densely with longitudinal striae; in profile lateral face of mesosoma entirely sculptured; upper portion of mesopleuron rugose and lower portion densely punctate (sometimes punctation weak). Propodeum with longitudinally puncto-striate dorsum and transversely puncto-striate declivity, entirely mat, without transverse carinae between propodeal spines; propodeal spine short, apically blunt, only slightly longer than metapleural lobe. Petiolar node anteriorly sharply truncate; petiole and postpetiole entirely sculptured; ventre of petiolar peduncle superficially sculptured and weakly shiny; nodes of both petiole and postpetiole coarsely punctured. Gastral tergite 1 in basal 1/3 densely and minutely punctate or coriaceous, mat or weakly shiny. Antennal scape and mid- and hind-tibiae without erect hairs. Erect body hairs not tapering apicad, apically often truncate or blunt.</p> <p>Caste difference.</p> <p>Worker measurements (n = 5): TBL 1.8-2.1 (1.9), HL 0.53-0.59 (0.56), HW 0.45-0.53 (0.49), SL 0.33-0.39 (0.36), EL 0.11-0.13 (0.12), EW 0.08-0.09 (0.08), PtW 0.16-0.18 (0.17), PptW 0.19-0.23 (0.21), CI 83.3-89.8 (87.4), SI 71.7-77.6 (74.6), ELI 20.0-22.6 (21.1). Worker very similar to the queen, but with the following differences. Body smaller than in the queen. Distance between anterior eye margin and mandibular base as long as or slightly longer than major diameter of eye; in the queen, the distance much shorter than major eye diameter. Mesonotum coarsely rugoso-reticulate, rugae wavy and irregular; in the queen striae fine and regular. Gastral tergite 1 entirely smooth and shiny; in the queen basal area of the tergite micropunctured and mat (sometimes microsculpture very faint and cuticle weakly shiny). Apical truncation of erect hairs on head and mesosoma more distinct; in the queen, erect hairs often not typically truncate.</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>C. Ryukyus: 1q, (dealate), Nagahama-chô, Naze, Amami-ôshima, 17.vi.2017, in dead twig on ground, F. Ito leg.; 1q (dealate), same loc., date and nesting site, F. Ito (FI17-102); 2q (dealate), Yoron-jima, 28.v-2.vi.1999 (Figs 2f, 4f, 5f).</p> <p>Distribution</p> <p>in Japan. Nansei Islands, Ogasawara Islands, Volcano Island. Northern limit lies in Kodakara-jima of the Tokara Islands (Yamane and Fukumoto 2017).</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>Tetramorium simillimum belongs to the T. simillimum species group (Bolton 1977). In the queen, it is easily distinguished from other Japanese congeners by the following character conditions: i) dorsum of head with regular longitudinal striae, with interspaces densely sculptured and mat; ii) erect body hairs not sharply pointed apically; iii) petiole anteriorly truncate, with dorsal face clearly separated from anterior slope with sharp angle; iv) basal 1/3 of gastral tergite 1 micropunctate or coriaceous and mat (sometimes weakly shiny). This species is a famous tramp of African origin (Bolton 1977; Yoshimura 2020).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/02A8C4F446F356C782FDAFE7A1682BA8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Yamane 1, Seiki;Hosoishi 2, Shingo;Ito 3, Fuminori	Yamane 1, Seiki, Hosoishi 2, Shingo, Ito 3, Fuminori (2022): Japanese Tetramorium queens: identification key and species diagnoses (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae). ZooKeys 1084: 43-64, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1084.69767, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1084.69767
1D9040B936E055CCBAD79255CAC31301.text	1D9040B936E055CCBAD79255CAC31301.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tetramorium smithi Mayr 1879	<div><p>Tetramorium smithi Mayr, 1879</p> <p>Figs 1d, 3a, 4g, 6a</p> <p>Queen diagnosis.</p> <p>Measurements (n = 2): TBL 3.4/3.1, HL 0.73/0.74, HW 0.70/0.71, SL 0.43/0.43, EL 0.21/0.19, EW 0.17/0.17, PtW o.29/0.27, PpW 0.42/0.38, CI 95.9/95.9, SI 61.4/60.6, ELI 28.8/25.7. Head, mesosoma and waist brown to reddish-brown, with dorsum of head, antenna and legs dark brown; gaster black. Dorsum of head longitudinally rugose; other portions of head puncto-reticulate. Frontal carina strong, defining dorsal margin of antennal scrobe; antennal scrobe superficially sculptured and shiny. Clypeus with three longitudinal carinae, with anterior margin entire. Mandible superficially sculptured and shiny. Antenna with 11 segments. With mesosoma in dorsal view, pronotum sparsely transversely rugose; mesonotum and propodeal dorsum densely with longitudinal parallel rugae; propodeal declivity partly smooth, shiny; transverse carinae absent between propodeal spines; in profile view, pronotum, metapleuron and lateral face of propodeum rugose or irregularly sculptured; mesopleuron, especially on lower portion, with weaker sculpture and somewhat shiny. Petiole and postpetiole with smooth portions on their dorsum; petiolar peduncle and sternite smooth and shiny; lateral face of petiolar node and lateral and ventral faces of postpetiole sculptured; petiole ventrally with sharp longitudinal ridge throughout; postpetiole more than 1.4 times as broad as petiole in dorsal view. Gastral tergite 1 entirely smooth and shiny. Hairs on antennal scape and mid- and hind-tibiae decumbent to appressed; those on tibiae slightly approaching suberect.</p> <p>Caste difference.</p> <p>Worker measurements (n = 5): TBL 2.1-2.3 (2.2), HL 0.64-0.68 (0.65), HW 0.56-0.60 (0.59), SL 0.38-0.41 (0.40), EL 0.15-0.17 (0.16), EW 0.10-0.12 (0.11), PtW 0.19-0.23 (0.21), PptW 0.28-0.30 (0.29), CI 87.5-93.8 (90.5), SI 64.4-69.5 (67.4), ELI 23.4-25.0 (24.0). Worker much smaller than the queen. Eye smaller, distance between anterior eye margin and mandibular base as long as or slightly longer than major diameter of eye; in the queen the distance much shorter than major diameter of eye. Eye anteriorly distinctly tapered; in the queen eye anteriorly broadly rounded. Pronotal dorsum rugose except for small area around anterolateral corner reticulate; in the queen pronotal dorsum coarsely reticulate. Mesonotum longitudinally rugose in both castes. Mesopleuron entirely coarsely sculptured; in the queen, sculpture weaker, especially in lower portion.</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>S. Ryukyus: 1q (winged), Miyako-jima, 30.x.2019, nest in soil, on forest pass, F. Ito leg. (FI19-209); 1q (winged), Hirarahigashi, Miyako-jima, emerged on 28.vii.2020 in colony (FI19-203) collected on 29.x.2019 and kept in lab., F. Ito leg. (Figs 3a, 4g, 6a)</p> <p>Distribution in Japan.</p> <p>Nansei Islands. The northern limit lies in Okinawa-jima (Central Ryukyu Islands) (Terayama et al. 2014).</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>Tetramorium smithi belongs to the T. angulinode species group, in which the antenna has only eleven segments in the female castes (Bolton 1977). This species is easily separated from other Japanese congeners by the reduced antennal segments (11), shiny mandible (shared by T. pacificum) and black gaster (shared by T. tsushimae). This is the only Japanese Tetramorium species with the mesonotum entirely regularly rugose in both female castes.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1D9040B936E055CCBAD79255CAC31301	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Yamane 1, Seiki;Hosoishi 2, Shingo;Ito 3, Fuminori	Yamane 1, Seiki, Hosoishi 2, Shingo, Ito 3, Fuminori (2022): Japanese Tetramorium queens: identification key and species diagnoses (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae). ZooKeys 1084: 43-64, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1084.69767, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1084.69767
2F920BAF40E759C09497A94FC6D967AF.text	2F920BAF40E759C09497A94FC6D967AF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tetramorium tanakai Bolton 1977	<div><p>Tetramorium tanakai Bolton, 1977 stat. rev.</p> <p>Figs 1o, 3b, 4h, 6b</p> <p>Tetramorium tanakai Bolton, 1977: 119-120, Mt. Omoto, Ishigaki I.; Onoyama 1980: 198; Ogata 1991: 102; Bolton 1995: 415.</p> <p>Tetramorium kraepelini: Japanese Ant Database Group 2003: 136; Terayama 2020: 120.</p> <p>Queen diagnosis.</p> <p>Measurements (n = 1): TBL 2.63, HL 0.66, HW 0.61, SL 0.40, EL 0.19, EW 0.16, PtW 0.30, CI 92.4, SI 65.6, ELI 28.8. Body brown to dark reddish-brown, with gaster very dark. Head reticulate, with frons between clypeus and ocellar region longitudinally rugose. Clypeus with three longitudinal carinae; its anterior margin entire. Posterior ocelli widely separated from each other; distance between them as long as 4.5 × ocellar diameter. Dorsum of pronotum and propodeum coarsely reticulate; mesonotum longitudinally rugose (rugae on mesoscutellum irregular); lateral face of pronotum, upper portion of mesopleuron, metapleuron and lateral face of propodeum largely striate/rugose; lower portion and part of upper portion of mesopleuron smooth to very weakly sculptured and shiny; propodeal declivity irregularly sculptured; no transverse carinae between propodeal spines. Petiolar node entirely reticulate; sternite and peduncle microsculptured and mat; postpetiole with smooth area on its dorsum; its lateral face and sternite irregularly sculptured. Gastral tergite entirely smooth and shiny. Antennal scape and mid- and hind-tibiae with many erect hairs.</p> <p>Caste difference.</p> <p>Worker measurements (n = 5): TBL 2.0-2.4 (2.3), HL 0.59-0.63 (0.61), HW 0.53-0.58 (0.56), SL 0.36-0.40 (0.38), EL 0.13-0.16 (0.14), EW 0.08-0.10 (0.09), PtW 0.17-0.23 (0.20), PptW 0.20-0.25 (0.23), CI 86.4-93.2 (91.2), SI 65.5-70.6 (68.6), ELI 22.0-25.4 (23.1). Worker very similar to the queen in structure and sculpture, but differing in the following aspects. Eye smaller, distance between anterior eye margin and mandibular base as long as or slightly longer than major diameter of eye; in the queen the distance much shorter than major diameter of eye. Eye distinctly tapered anteriad; in the queen, eye anteriorly broadly rounded. Mesosomal dorsum entirely coarsely reticulate; mesonotum longitudinally rugose in the queen. Mesopleuron entirely sculptured; sculpture on mesopleuron much weaker especially in lower portion that is extensively smooth and shiny in the queen.</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>S. Ryukyus: 1q (dealate), Mandabaru, Yonaguni-jima, emerged in v.2020 in colony (FI19-108) collected on 14.iii.2019 by R. Hosokawa and kept in lab (Figs 3b, 4h, 6h). 1q (dealate), Yonaha-dake, Yonaguni-jima, 12.iii.2020, F. Ito (FI20-45).</p> <p>Distribution in Japan.</p> <p>Yaeyama Islands of the Ryukyu Islands (Ishigaki-jima and Yonaguni-jima).</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>Tetramorium tanakai was originally described based on the worker and queen castes collected on Ishigaki-jima, Yaeyama Islands, Japan (Bolton 1977; no queen description provided). The worker is very similar to the Southeast Asian T. kraepelini, but is distinguished from the latter by the bicoloured body (dark brown head and gaster contrasted with lighter mesosoma, waist and legs) and the petiolar dorsum longer than the height of the tergal portion of the petiole (Bolton 1977). The workers sampled from Yonaguni-jima and examined in this study had a nearly entirely dark brown body with yellowish antennae and legs and are clearly different from extensively yellowish-brown workers of T. kraepelini and the Japanese T. cf. kraepelini. The dorsal length of the petiole is variable, generally as long as or slightly longer than the height of the tergal portion. The present study shows that the queen collected from Yonaguni-jima is also similar to that of T. cf. kraepelini in structure and sculpture, but clearly different from the latter in the widely separated posterior ocelli and coarsely reticulate dorsal propodeum as well as much darker body. We also examined queens and workers from two colonies collected in Shuisheliao, Taiwan. These specimens have a more typical bicolorous body and longer petiolar dorsum as in the original description of T. tanakai. The queens have widely separate posterior ocelli as in the queen from Yonaguni-jima. We consider the populations of Ishigaki-jima, Yonaguni-jima and Taiwan all belonging to the same species, T. tanakai. As species delimitation among the T. kraepelini -complex is very confusing, we need to have more colony series from various localities.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2F920BAF40E759C09497A94FC6D967AF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Yamane 1, Seiki;Hosoishi 2, Shingo;Ito 3, Fuminori	Yamane 1, Seiki, Hosoishi 2, Shingo, Ito 3, Fuminori (2022): Japanese Tetramorium queens: identification key and species diagnoses (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae). ZooKeys 1084: 43-64, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1084.69767, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1084.69767
8117D691E0395026908E8AA8B369AA57.text	8117D691E0395026908E8AA8B369AA57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tetramorium tonganum Mayr 1870	<div><p>Tetramorium tonganum Mayr, 1870</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>This species is a well-known tramp distributed from New Caledonia through the Indo-Australian region to China and Japan and has been introduced to remote islands in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans (AntWiki 2021). In Japan, it has been recorded from the Ogasawara Islands (Bolton 1977; Terayama et al. 2014). We have no queen specimen of this species from Japan or from any other country. Santschi (1924) described the queen caste, based on a single specimen collected in Samoa. However, this specimen has only one ocellus and, according to his drawing, the eye is located too posteriorly on the head for a queen of Tetramorium. Bharti and Kumar (2012) described the queen caste of this species, based on material collected from Himachal Pradesh, India. According to their description (text and pictures), the queen of this species is recognised by the following combination of characteristics: i) anterior margin of clypeus entire, ii) no branched hairs present on body, iii) petiole in profile view with rounded anterodorsal and posterodorsal corners, iv) mid- and hind-tibiae without erect hairs, v) smooth lower portion of mesopleuron and vi) entirely smooth first gastral tergite.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8117D691E0395026908E8AA8B369AA57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Yamane 1, Seiki;Hosoishi 2, Shingo;Ito 3, Fuminori	Yamane 1, Seiki, Hosoishi 2, Shingo, Ito 3, Fuminori (2022): Japanese Tetramorium queens: identification key and species diagnoses (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae). ZooKeys 1084: 43-64, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1084.69767, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1084.69767
6AF451BAC780505F8B9FF7A090C80095.text	6AF451BAC780505F8B9FF7A090C80095.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tetramorium tsushimae Emery 1925	<div><p>Tetramorium tsushimae Emery, 1925</p> <p>Figs 1e, 3c, 4i, 6c</p> <p>Queen diagnosis.</p> <p>Measurements (n = 5): TBL 5.9-7.0 (6.4), HL 1.14-1.18 (1.17), HW 1.24-1.31 (1.27), SL 0.79-0.90 (0.84), EL 0.33-0.35 (0.34), EW 0.25-0.28 (0.26), PtW 0.45-0.50 (0.47), PptW 0.68-0.77 (0.74), CI 108.5-110.2 (109.1), SI 62.3-70.3 (66.2), ELI 28.0-29.7 (28.9). Body dark reddish-brown to blackish-brown. Head distinctly broader than long (CI ca. 109); entire head densely and regularly striate, with reticulate area restricted. Frontal carina weak and antennal scrobe barely recognisable. Clypeus with around ten longitudinal carinae; anterior margin entire. Mesosoma extensively striate to rugose, with smooth areas in anteromedian portion and area along parapsidal line of mesoscutum and longitudinal median zone of mesoscutellum; sculpture on pronotum, metapleuron and lateral face of propodeum coarser than in other areas; propodeum with striation longitudinal and irregular on dorsum and dense and transverse on declivity; interspaces minutely punctate. Metapleural lobe low, generally with round apex. Petiole in dorsal view dorsum very short (often indistinct), 1/6 to 1/5 as long as broad; postpetiole very broad, 1.57 × as broad as petiole. Gastral tergite 1 entirely smooth, but sometimes with very superficial sculpture near base. All erect hairs simple and more or less tapering apicad. Antennal scape and mid- and hind-tibia without erect hairs.</p> <p>Caste difference.</p> <p>Worker measurements (n = 5): TBL 2.48-2.88 (2.71), HL 0.70-0.88 (0.77), HW 0.63-0.84 (0.71), SL 0.53-0.63 (0.57), EL 0.13-0.17 (0.15), EW 0.10-0.12 (0.11), PtW 0.18-0.28 (0.23), PptW 0.25-0.35 (0.29), CI 88.7-95.5 (92.1), SI 75.0-87.3 (81.1), ELI 18.1-18.3 (19.2). Worker very similar to the queen in colouration, structure, sculpture and pilosity, but differing in the following aspects: body much smaller; head longer than broad (CI ca. 92 vs. ca. 109 in the queen.); striation on mesonotum sparser and more irregular than in the queen; petiole more globular than in the queen, with rather distinct dorsum, which is in dorsal view only slightly broader than long; both petiole and postpetiole dorsally with smooth areas; in the queen almost entirely sculptured.</p> <p>Specimens examined.</p> <p>Honshu: 1q (dealate), Mihagi-dai, Hagi-shi, Yamaguchi-ken, 12.x.2013, nest under stone, Sk. Yamane leg. (JP13-SKY-27); 1q (dealate), Niino-hama, Heki, Nagato-shi, Yamaguchi-ken, 12.x.2013, nest under stone, Sk. Yamane leg. (JP13-SKY-28). Kyushu: 3q (dealate), Nokonoshima, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka-ken, 3.viii.2020, under stone, S. Hosoishi (SH20-Jpn-01) (Figs 3c, 4i, 6c); 2q (winged), Haruyama, Matsumoto-chô, Kagoshima-ken, 15.vi.2000, nest in soil, Sk. Yamane leg. (KG00-SKY-02).</p> <p>Distribution in Japan.</p> <p>Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Ôsumi Islands, Tokara Islands. The southern limit lies in Suwanose-jima of the Tokara Islands (Yamane and Fukumoto 2017).</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>Tetramorium tsushimae belongs to the T. caespitum species group. In the queen caste this species is easily distinguished from other Japanese congeners by the large and blackish-brown body, broad head, ill-defined antennal scrobe, presence of smooth areas on the mesonotum and very short petiole.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6AF451BAC780505F8B9FF7A090C80095	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Yamane 1, Seiki;Hosoishi 2, Shingo;Ito 3, Fuminori	Yamane 1, Seiki, Hosoishi 2, Shingo, Ito 3, Fuminori (2022): Japanese Tetramorium queens: identification key and species diagnoses (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae). ZooKeys 1084: 43-64, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1084.69767, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1084.69767
