identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03FB2778FF827A5FFF1DF9D4FBDD0FD8.text	03FB2778FF827A5FFF1DF9D4FBDD0FD8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Loffienema Shah, Allie, Vaid & Handoo 2018	<div><p>Loffienema Shah, Allie, Vaid &amp; Handoo, 2018</p> <p>Genus characterized by having tubular stoma with poorly developed valvular apparatus, pharynx with swollen metacorpus, female reproductive system didelphic-amphidelphic, female tail conoid-elongate, male tail leptoderan with anteriorly open bursa with reduced velum having spaced bursal papillae, appearing one genital papillae very anterior to bursa (1+3/2+2+2), and spicules with rounded manubrium, very narrow calamus and fusiform lamina. This morphology agrees perfectly with the members of the genus Haematozoon Leisering, 1865, which was restored by Sudhaus (2011), especially with H. subulatum (Leisering, 1865) Sudhaus, 2011 described by Osche (1952) as Rhabditis (Telorhabditis) inermiformis Osche, 1952, its junior synonym.</p> <p>The authors that propose the creation of the Loffienema genera did not compare their species with the members of the genus Haematozoon, which agrees perfectly, having identical stoma, spicules, bursa and genital papillae arrangement, its main diagnostic characters. These authors drawn spicules with heart-like manubrium but this character is no visible in the light microscopy pictures provided by them, being clearly rounded (Fig. 2H in Shah et al., 2018), Thus, Loffienema is proposed as a junior synonym of Haematozoon.</p> <p>The only species described, L. dhanoriensis Shah, Allie, Vaid &amp; Handoo, 2018, is very similar to Haematozoon subulatum Leisering, 1865 described as Rhabditis inermiformis by Osche (1952) and as Rhabditoides zocchi by Marinari-Palmisano (1967), both their junior synonyms. However, its body size is smaller (784–841 µm in females and 773–792 µm in males vs 1500–2000 µm in type females and 1200–1500 µm in type males of Haematozoon subulatum, 1196–2000 µm in females and 1265-1530 µm in males of R. inermiformis, and 937–1234 µm in females and 819–1089 µm in males of R. zochii), shorter and wider stomatal tube (3.6 longer than wide vs 6.6 times in R. inermiformis and 8.5 times in R. zochii, unfortunately, this character was not illustrated in detail in the type population), and shorter spicules (46–47 µm vs 60–69 µm in R. inermiformis and 55–61 µm in R. zochii). On the other hand, with respect to the second species of the genus, Haematozoon giardi (Maupas, 1915) Sudhaus, 2011, L. dhanoriensis also maintains smaller morphometry (1344–2030 µm in females, 1000–1573 µm in males, stomatal tube 8.8 times longer than wide, and spicules 52–57 µm). Although, L. dhanoriensis could be synonymized with some of these species, its smaller size makes it slightly different. Thus, the species is transferred to the genus Haematozoon as H. dhanoriense (Shah, Allie, Vaid &amp; Handoo, 2018) n. comb.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FB2778FF827A5FFF1DF9D4FBDD0FD8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Abolafia, Joaquín	Abolafia, Joaquín (2023): A proposal to synonymize Loffienema with Haematozoon, Quercorhabditis with Diploscapteroides, and Stegorhabditis with Stomachorhabditis (Nematoda Rhabditida, Rhabditomorpha), including keys to species identification. Zootaxa 5258 (2): 231-238, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5258.2.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5258.2.5
03FB2778FF837A5FFF1DFC91FA4608FA.text	03FB2778FF837A5FFF1DFC91FA4608FA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haematozoon Leisering 1865	<div><p>Updated list of species of the genus Haematozoon Leisering, 1865</p> <p>Haematozoon dhanoriense (Shah, Allie, Vaid &amp; Handoo, 2018) n. comb.</p> <p>= Loffienema dhanoriensis Shah, Allie, Vaid &amp; Handoo, 2018</p> <p>Haematozoon giardi (Maupas, 1915) Sudhaus, 2011</p> <p>= Rhabditis giardi Maupas, 1915</p> <p>= Rhabditis (Telorhabditis) giardi Maupas, 1915 (Osche, 1952)</p> <p>= Rhabditis (Rhabditoides) giardi Maupas, 1915 (Sudhaus, 1976)</p> <p>= Rhabditoides giardi (Maupas, 1915) Sudhaus, 1976, opus Dougherty (1955)</p> <p>Haematozoon subulatum (Leisering, 1865) Sudhaus, 2011 (type species)</p> <p>= Rhabditis (Telorhabditis) inermiformis Osche, 1952</p> <p>= Rhabditis (Rhabditoides) inermiformis Osche, 1952 (Sudhaus, 1976)</p> <p>= Rhabditoides inermiformis (Osche, 1952) Sudhaus, 1976, opus Dougherty, 1955</p> <p>= Protorhabditis multiovata Slepetiene, 1961</p> <p>= Rhabditoides zocchi Marinari-Palmisano, 1967</p> <p>Key to species identification (Table 1)</p> <p>1a – Stomatal tube wider, about 3.5 times longer than wide; gymnostom shorter than promesostegostom.... Haematozoon dhanoriense</p> <p>1a – Stomatal tube narrower, about 6.5-8.5 times longer than wide; gymnostom longer than promesostegostom.............. 2</p> <p>2a – Male tail, apparently, cupola-shaped....................................................... Haematozoon giardi</p> <p>2b – Male tail, conoid, ventrally curve...................................................... Haematozoon subulatum</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FB2778FF837A5FFF1DFC91FA4608FA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Abolafia, Joaquín	Abolafia, Joaquín (2023): A proposal to synonymize Loffienema with Haematozoon, Quercorhabditis with Diploscapteroides, and Stegorhabditis with Stomachorhabditis (Nematoda Rhabditida, Rhabditomorpha), including keys to species identification. Zootaxa 5258 (2): 231-238, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5258.2.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5258.2.5
03FB2778FF837A5DFF1DF98FFC280C34.text	03FB2778FF837A5DFF1DF98FFC280C34.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Quercorhabditis Shah, Hussain & Vaid 2013	<div><p>Quercorhabditis Shah, Hussain &amp; Vaid, 2013</p> <p>This taxon is characterized by having nematodes with lip region wider than the adjacent part of body, stoma with well develop, refringent and anteriorly curved cheilorhabdia, pharynx with swollen metacorpus and isthmus as long as procorpus, female reproductive system didelphic, female tail conoid or cupola-shaped, male tail leptoderan with reduced, anteriorly open, bursa having ten pairs of bursal papillae (genital papillae and phasmids, 3/4+2+ph). These morphological characters agree with those of the genus Diploscapteroides Rahm, 1928.</p> <p>The authors that proposed the creation of the genera Quercorhabditis compare their species with specimens of the genus Diploscapteroides and distinguished it from that in having "labial region set off by constriction and wider than adjoining body, heavily sclerotized cheilostom, absence of a ridge-like tooth in the gymnostom, spicules with a free dorsal arm, a somewhat boat-shaped gubernaculum and in having ten pairs of bursal papillae" characters appearing in species as D. coroniger Altherr, 1938 and D. dacchensis Timm, 1959. According to this, Quercorhabditis is proposed as a junior synonym of Diploscapteroides.</p> <p>* Measurement from drawings. ** Measurements from other measurements. Unknown measurement. – Character absent.</p> <p>The only species of Quercorhabditis, Q. rajouriensis Shah, Hussain &amp; Vaid, 2013, is similar to other species of the genus Diploscapteroides with widened lip region but distinguished from them by having longer female rectum and male with robust filiform part of tail. According to this, Q. rajouriensis is transferred to the genus Diploscapteroides as D. rajouriensis (Shah, Hussain &amp; Vaid, 2013) n. comb.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FB2778FF837A5DFF1DF98FFC280C34	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Abolafia, Joaquín	Abolafia, Joaquín (2023): A proposal to synonymize Loffienema with Haematozoon, Quercorhabditis with Diploscapteroides, and Stegorhabditis with Stomachorhabditis (Nematoda Rhabditida, Rhabditomorpha), including keys to species identification. Zootaxa 5258 (2): 231-238, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5258.2.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5258.2.5
03FB2778FF817A5DFF1DFEC6FA460AB5.text	03FB2778FF817A5DFF1DFEC6FA460AB5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diploscapteroides Rahm 1928	<div><p>Updated list of species of the genus Diploscapteroides Rahm, 1928</p> <p>= Rhabditis (Diploscapteroides Rahm, 1928) Sudhaus, 1976</p> <p>= Cheilorhabditis Timm, 1959</p> <p>= Colporhabditis Andrássy, 1976</p> <p>= Quercorhabditis Shah, Hussain &amp; Vaid, 2013 n. syn.</p> <p>Diploscapteroides boettgeri (Meyl, 1953) Sudhaus, 2011</p> <p>= Rhabditis boettgeri Meyl, 1953</p> <p>= Rhabditis (Teratorhabditis) boettgeri Meyl, 1953 (Meyl, 1954)</p> <p>= Teratorhabditis boettgeri (Meyl, 1953) Dougherty, 1955</p> <p>= Cephaloboides boettgeri (Meyl, 1953) Andrássy, 1983</p> <p>Diploscapteroides brevicauda Rahm, 1928 (type species)</p> <p>= Rhabditis (Diploscapteroides) brevicauda (Rahm, 1928) Sudhaus, 1976</p> <p>Diploscapteroides chitinolabiatus (Schneider, 1937) Sudhaus, 1976, opus Andrássy (1983)</p> <p>= Rhabditis chitinolabiata Schneider, 1937</p> <p>= Rhabditis (Teratorhabditis) chitinolabiata Schneider, 1937 (Osche, 1952)</p> <p>= Rhabditis (Diploscapteroides) chitinolabiata Schneider, 1937 (Sudhaus, 1976)</p> <p>= Teratorhabditis chitinolabiata (Schneider, 1937) Dougherty, 1955</p> <p>Diploscapteroides coroniger (Altherr, 1938) Sudhaus, 1976</p> <p>= Rhabditis coronigera Altherr, 1938</p> <p>= Rhabditis (Teratorhabditis) coronigera Altherr, 1938 (Osche, 1952)</p> <p>= Rhabditis (Diploscapteroides) coronigera Altherr, 1938 (Sudhaus, 1976)</p> <p>= Teratorhabditis coronigera (Altherr, 1938) Dougherty, 1955</p> <p>Diploscapteroides dacchensis (Timm, 1959) Sudhaus, 1976, opus Andrássy (1983)</p> <p>= Cheilorhabditis dacchensis Timm, 1959</p> <p>= Rhabditis (Diploscapteroides) dacchensis (Timm, 1959) Sudhaus, 1976</p> <p>Diploscapteroides flexuosus Andrássy, 2001</p> <p>Diploscapteroides persicus Ghaemi, Pourjam, Álvarez-Ortega, Pedram &amp; Atighi, 2015</p> <p>Diploscapteroides rajouriensis (Shah, Allie, Vaid &amp; Handoo, 2018) n. comb.</p> <p>= Quercorhabditis rajouriensis Shah, Allie, Vaid &amp; Handoo, 2018</p> <p>Key to species identification (Table 2)</p> <p>1a – Females with larger body, more than 1.6 mm........................................ Diploscapteroides brevicauda</p> <p>1b – Females with smaller body, less than 1.3 mm................................................................</p> <p>2a – Female tail cupola-shaped......................................................... Diploscapteroides boettgeri</p> <p>2b – Female tail conoid to filiform........................................................................... 3</p> <p>3a – Female tail longer, filiform (c' about 8-10)................................................................. 4</p> <p>3b – Female tail shorter, conoid (c' about 3.5-7.5)............................................................... 5</p> <p>4a – Lip region wider than high....................................................... Diploscapteroides dacchensis</p> <p>4b – Lip region almost as wide than high................................................. Diploscapteroides flexuosus</p> <p>5a – Lip region separated by constriction, narrower than the adjacent part of body..................................... 6</p> <p>5b – Lip region separated by depression, wider than the adjacent part of body......................................... 7</p> <p>6a – Body smaller, less than 700 µm; male with filiform part of tail very thin..................... Diploscapteroides persicus</p> <p>6b – Body larger, more than 700 µm; male with filiform part of tail robust................... Diploscapteroides chitinolabiatus</p> <p>7a – Female rectum shorter than anal body diam.; male with filiform part of tail very thin and shorter than the conoid part.................................................................................... Diploscapteroides coroniger</p> <p>7b – Female rectum about twice anal body diam.; male with filiform part of tail robust and longer than the conoid part.................................................................................... Diploscapteroides rajouriensis</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FB2778FF817A5DFF1DFEC6FA460AB5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Abolafia, Joaquín	Abolafia, Joaquín (2023): A proposal to synonymize Loffienema with Haematozoon, Quercorhabditis with Diploscapteroides, and Stegorhabditis with Stomachorhabditis (Nematoda Rhabditida, Rhabditomorpha), including keys to species identification. Zootaxa 5258 (2): 231-238, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5258.2.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5258.2.5
03FB2778FF877A5BFF1DFF3EFBE00E8C.text	03FB2778FF877A5BFF1DFF3EFBE00E8C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stegorhabditis Shah, Hussain, Vaid & Ahamad 2015	<div><p>Stegorhabditis Shah, Hussain, Vaid &amp; Ahmad, 2015a</p> <p>This genus is characterized by having lip region very narrow, amphids very posterior, stoma tubular, long, having long denticles at metastegostom, pharynx with swollen, ovoid metacorpus, female reproductive system didelphicamphidelphic, tail in both sexes filiform, bursa absent and spicules with rounded and ventrally bent manubrium. This morphology agrees with the species of the genus Stomachorhabditis Andrássy, 1970 with which it is indistinguishable.</p> <p>The authors that proposed the creation of the genus Stegorhabditis distinguished the specimens of this genus in having "six lips, evenly cuticularized stoma, presence of glottoid apparatus, a pair of setose denticles on each plate of stegostom, absence of stomach like folding in intestine, and in shape of spicules and gubernaculum". However, these characters appear in the species of the genus Stomachorhabdis. Thus, e. g., the presence of six lips and the absence of stomach-like folding appear clearly in S. fastidiosa described by Massey (1971), setose denticles (incorrectly described as "a pair on each plate" because only one denticle is visible on each valve of the glottoid apparatus) are present at the stoma of all species of the genus, while the morphology of spicules and gubernaculum are identical in S. vietnamicus described by Andrássy (1970) and S. neotropica described by Andrássy (2001). On the other hand, the presence of a glottoid apparatus in S. abursata was wrongly drawn being this structure clearly absent in the light microscopy pictures provided by the authors. According to this, Stegorhabditis is proposed as a junior synonym of Stomachorhabditis.</p> <p>The only species described in Stegorhabditis, S. abursata Shah, Hussain, Vaid &amp; Ahmad, 2015a, is very similar to other species belong to the genus Stomachorhabditis, distinguished from them by having lip region poorly differentiated from the adjacent part of body. According to this, S. abursata is transferred to the genus Stomachorhabditis as S. abursata (Shah, Hussain, Vaid &amp; Ahmad, 2015a) n. comb.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FB2778FF877A5BFF1DFF3EFBE00E8C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Abolafia, Joaquín	Abolafia, Joaquín (2023): A proposal to synonymize Loffienema with Haematozoon, Quercorhabditis with Diploscapteroides, and Stegorhabditis with Stomachorhabditis (Nematoda Rhabditida, Rhabditomorpha), including keys to species identification. Zootaxa 5258 (2): 231-238, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5258.2.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5258.2.5
03FB2778FF847A58FF1DFF3EFA460E17.text	03FB2778FF847A58FF1DFF3EFA460E17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stomachorhabditis Andrassy 1970	<div><p>Updated list of species of the genus Stomachorhabditis Andrássy, 1970</p> <p>= Termirhabditis Massey, 1971</p> <p>= Stegorhabditis Shah, Hussain, Vaid &amp; Ahamad, 2015a n. syn.</p> <p>Stomachorhabditis abursata (Shah, Hussain, Vaid &amp; Ahmad, 2015a) n. comb.</p> <p>= Stegorhabditis abursata Shah, Hussain, Vaid &amp; Ahmad, 2015a</p> <p>Stomachorhabditis fastidiosa (Massey, 1971) Andrássy, 1983</p> <p>= Termirhabditis fastidiosa Massey, 1971</p> <p>= Rhabditonema fastidiosum (Massey, 1971) Sudhaus, 1976</p> <p>Stomachorhabditis neotropica Andrássy, 2001</p> <p>Stomachorhabditis vietnamica Andrássy, 1970 (type species)</p> <p>Key to species identification (Table 3)</p> <p>1a – Lip region poorly differentiated from the adjacent part of body........................... Stomachorhabditis abursata</p> <p>1b – Lip region very well differentiated from the adjacent part of body.............................................. 2</p> <p>2a – Lip region slightly swollen...................................................... Stomachorhabditis fastidiosa</p> <p>2b – Lip region not swollen................................................................................. 3</p> <p>3a – Spicules longer, 40-44 µm, ventrally curved........................................ Stomachorhabditis neotropica</p> <p>3b – Spicules shorter, 27-28 µm, almost straight......................................... Stomachorhabditis vietnamica</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FB2778FF847A58FF1DFF3EFA460E17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Abolafia, Joaquín	Abolafia, Joaquín (2023): A proposal to synonymize Loffienema with Haematozoon, Quercorhabditis with Diploscapteroides, and Stegorhabditis with Stomachorhabditis (Nematoda Rhabditida, Rhabditomorpha), including keys to species identification. Zootaxa 5258 (2): 231-238, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5258.2.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5258.2.5
