identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03C087DC790CE64CB9ECA384B54967E1.text	03C087DC790CE64CB9ECA384B54967E1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sinolethrus Bagaturov & Hillert 2023	<div><p>Sinolethrus Bagaturov &amp; Hillert, new subgenus</p> <p>https://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C5B273E1-22A9-43AA-8796-308EB4AEA670</p> <p>Type species: Lethrus serpentifer Semenov &amp; Medvedev, 1935 (by present designation).</p> <p>Diagnosis. The new subgenus differs from the closely related subgenus Heteroplistodus by the characteristics of the mandibular surface. The right mandible without any apophysis or carina on surface. Further, the mandibular appendix on left mandible is subparallel with mandibular outline. Other difference can find on the characteristic of apical spur of front tibia (Fig. 55) and the shape of parameres in dorsal and lateral view (Figs. 3–4).</p> <p>Remarks. Monotypical subgenus, only represented so far by the only species - Lethrus serpentifer from China. It is possible that the area of its distribution is fragmented, the populations are very small, and the species is probably quite rare. More material and studies of the distribution of this species are needed to provide information for its conservation. The poorly studied nature of many areas of western China suggest that it is possible that related species belonging to this subgenus may be discovered in that territory in the future.</p> <p>Etymology. The name of the new subgenus is composed from words “ Sino ” (China) and “ Lethrus ”.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C087DC790CE64CB9ECA384B54967E1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bagaturov, Mikhail F.;Hillert, Oliver	Bagaturov, Mikhail F., Hillert, Oliver (2023): Sinolethrus, a new subgenus of the genus Lethrus Scopoli, 1777 from China (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae: Lethrinae) and new synonymy of the subgenus Paralethrus Nikolajev, 2003. Zootaxa 5258 (3): 301-316, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5258.3.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5258.3.4
03C087DC790DE64DB9ECA3CCB4F762DF.text	03C087DC790DE64DB9ECA3CCB4F762DF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lethrus (Sinolethrus) serpentifer Semenov & Medvedev 1935	<div><p>Lethrus (Sinolethrus) serpentifer Semenov &amp; Medvedev, 1935</p> <p>(Figs. 3–4, 13–14, 17, 55, 57, 59–64)</p> <p>Lethrus (Heteroplistodes) serpentifer Semenov &amp; Medvedev 1935: 286 (original description, type locality: “Mongoliae ora australis, Nan-Shanj, Tshshuniche”); Semenov &amp; Medvedev 1936: 89 (key, distribution, iconography: Tab. II Figs. 54, Tab. V Fig. 115, Tab. VII Fig. 176, Tab. IX Fig. 225, Tab. XI Fig. 282).</p> <p>Lethrus (Autolethrus) serpentifer: Nikolajev 1968: 531 (taxonomic note, key).</p> <p>Lethrus (Ceratodirus) serpentifer: Nikolajev &amp; Puntsagdulam 1984: 110 (key, characteristic, distribution); Nikolajev 2003: 93 (key, characteristic, distribution, iconography: Figs. 62 Nr. 1–2); Král &amp; Nikolajev 2006: 92 (catalogue); Nikolajev et al. 2016: 48 (catalogue); Bagaturov &amp; Nikolajev 2015: 309 (note, distribution); Schoolmeesters 2021 (online catalogue).</p> <p>Lethrus (Subgen.?) serpentifer: Baraud 1992: 81 (key, taxonomic note).</p> <p>Lethrus serpentifer: Krajčík 2012: 142 (catalogue).</p> <p>Type material examined. Syntype, Ô (ZMAS) “ДОЛ[ина] Р[еки] ЧхунихƐ/ 12 IV 09 ƐкЗ[емпЛЯР] КОЗЛОва [hw] // Heteroplistodus / serpentifer / sp. n. Ô [hw] / A. Semenov-Tian-Shansky det. [p] 22 [hw] // Holotypus [p] // St. Petersburg / Zool. Inst [p]”.</p> <p>Additional material examined (7 specimens). China c., Monan, river <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=111.11667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.116665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 111.11667/lat 34.116665)">Huang He</a> (34°07'N / 111°07'E) [<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=111.11667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.116665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 111.11667/lat 34.116665)">Henan</a>], 26–28. V. 1996, leg. J. Halada, Ô (ZSM, ex. coll. O. Hillert), Ô (NMPC) [first records from Henan province, China]; Kansu [<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.78333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.416668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.78333/lat 35.416668)">Gansu</a>], <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.78333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.416668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.78333/lat 35.416668)">Tu-kiang</a> [35°25'N 103°47'E], ♀ (ZSM, ex. coll. O. Hillert); China - Gansu, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.6&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.566666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.6/lat 35.566666)">Dingxi</a> [35°34'N 104°36'E], 7.8.– 12.8.1996, E. Kučera leg., Ô ♀ (NMPC, ex. coll. D. Král) [first records from Gansu province, China]; China, Sechuan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.6&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.566666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.6/lat 35.566666)">Wenchuan</a> [31°24'N, 103°34'E], 18.6. – 19.6.2001, leg. E. Kučera, ♀ (ZSM,) [first record from Sichuan province, China]; China, centr. Shanxi, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.566666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.4" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.566666/lat 31.4)">Chao Shan</a>, 37°06'N 112°24'E, 25km SE Pingyao 4. – 5.VII.2001, Jaroslav Turna leg., Ô (NMPC, ex. coll. D. Král) [first record from Shanxi province, China].</p> <p>Redescription (based on the male from Monan). Body length 16.0 mm. Dorsal surface black, without any metallic lustre or shiny parts (probably present in freshly collected specimens).</p> <p>Head (Figs. 13–14, 17, 58–64). Labrum bilobed, asymmetrical, right lobe slightly more developed; surface rugosely, shallowly and sparsely punctate; anterior margin with dense row of long macrosetae. Clypeus transverse, nearly semicircular. Eye canthus exceeding eyes distinctly, projecting anterolaterad, indistinctly semicircular, interrupted, anterolateral angle angular, oblique keel above eyes absent. Pleurostomal process evenly rounded, not exceeding ventrolateral mandibular outline. Punctation of clypeus, frons and occiput similarly impressed, consisting of distinct but weakly regularly distanced punctures, intermixed with fine and also regularly distributed ones; eye canthus distinctly rugose.</p> <p>Mentum strongly convex in lateral aspect (Fig. 61, 64), with distinct concavity basally, shortly and densely setaceous.</p> <p>Mandibles with asymmetrical mandibular appendices, left being long, angled nearly 90° downward and from half of length bending regularly forward in lateral aspect (serpent like), s-shaped in frontal aspect; right appendix only weakly developed, visibly as a weakly elevation. Exterior mandibular outline straight from base to apex in dorsal aspect (Figs. 13–14, 17, 58–59, 61–64), with maximum width approximately at base. Length of mandibles distinctly less than length of head, dorsal surface of right mandible absent from any elevations or protuberance, dorsal surface of left mandible with weakly arcuate protuberance at middle of length, shortly anteriorly of labrum, directed to the side of right mandible. Apex of both mandibles absent of subapical protuberances.</p> <p>Pronotum transverse, equal as base of elytra, broadest just posteriorly of middle (Fig. 58); margin entirely bordered, slightly crenulate. Anterior angles with evenly rounded outline. Punctation of dorsal surface simple, distinct, weakly irregular, punctures separated by one diameter, intermixed with fine simple punctuation.</p> <p>Scutellum (Fig. 58) widely triangular, strong shagreened.</p> <p>Elytra (Fig. 58) almost semicircular, apices not prominent, apex of each elytron forming dependent arcus, with indistinct striae, with broad, distinct shagreened intervals.</p> <p>Epipleuron strongly narrowed apicad, epipleural keel reaching elytron apex.</p> <p>Legs. Profemur not armed, protibia with eight gradually diminishing external denticles proximad, and with row of shallow tubercles on ventromedial edge. Apical spur of protibia without subbasal process, weakly s-shaped (Fig. 55).</p> <p>Aedeagus as in Figs. 3–4.</p> <p>Females differ from males as follows: body broader, ventral mandibular appendices absent; hornlike dorsal protuberans of mandibular surface absent, apical spur of protibia simple and straight (Fig. 60).</p> <p>Distribution. China (Gansu, Henan, Qinghai, Shanxi and Sichuan provinces) (Fig. 65).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C087DC790DE64DB9ECA3CCB4F762DF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bagaturov, Mikhail F.;Hillert, Oliver	Bagaturov, Mikhail F., Hillert, Oliver (2023): Sinolethrus, a new subgenus of the genus Lethrus Scopoli, 1777 from China (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae: Lethrinae) and new synonymy of the subgenus Paralethrus Nikolajev, 2003. Zootaxa 5258 (3): 301-316, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5258.3.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5258.3.4
03C087DC790AE64AB9ECA3CCB5F06250.text	03C087DC790AE64AB9ECA3CCB5F06250.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lethrus Scopoli 1777	<div><p>Identification key of the subgenera of the genus Lethrus based on well-developed male specimens</p> <p>1 Dorsal surface of mandible completely flat, without any slanting, transverse carina (tc) or hornlike protrusion (mhp) (Figs. 24–26); fragmented distribution: SE Turkmenistan, NW Afghanistan, S Tajikistan, E Uzbekistan, S Kirgizia, SE Kazakhstan, W China, S Mongolia, N China............................................... Heteroplistodus B. Jakovlev, 1890</p> <p>– Dorsal surface of mandibles with distinct transverse carina (tc) or hornlike protrusion (mhp) on left mandible surface, sometimes ambilateral (Figs. 9–23, 27–35, 37–54)..................................................................... 3</p> <p>3 Dorsal surface of left mandible with more or less distinct hornlike protrusion (mhp) directed inward and backward (Figs. 9–17); mandibular appendix (ma) on left mandible well developed, on right one less developed or absent..................... 4</p> <p>– Dorsal surface of left mandible with slanting or transverse carina (tc) of different characteristics but never hornlike directed inward and backward (Figs. 18–23, 27–35, 37–54); mandibular appendix (ma) differently developed, symmetrical or one side more developed or sometimes completely absent on both sides, as in females...................................... 5</p> <p>4 Dorsal surface of left mandible with short hornlike protrusion (mhp) at middle of length, directed to the right sideward (90°) (Figs. 13–14, 17, 58); right mandible without any apophysis or carina on surface of mandible; mandibular appendix (ma) on left mandible subparallel with mandibular outline; apex of left mandible on lower side without apophysis; right mandible without appendix (ma); apical spur of front tibia without subbasal elevation (Fig. 55); mandibles shorter than head (Figs. 17, 58); mentum strongly convex in side aspect (Fig. 61, 64); parameron longer (Figs. 3–4); distributed in NC China (Fig. 65)............................................................... Sinolethrus Bagaturov &amp; Hillert, new subgenus</p> <p>– Dorsal surface of left mandible with more elongate hornlike protrusion (mhp) in middle of length of mandible, directed to the right sideward and backward (45°) (Figs. 15–16); right mandible with distinct mandibular protrusion (mp) on surface reaching to lateral mandibular outline (Figs. 9–12); mandibular appendix (ma) on left mandible more or less parallel with mandibular outline approximately (Figs. 10, 12); subapical tooth (sat) on lower side of left mandible well developed (Figs. 9, 11); right mandibular appendix (ma) more or less developed but noticeable shorter than left one; apical spur of front tibia with subbasal elevation (fig. 56); mandibles more long than head; mentum not convex, flat in side aspect; parameron shorter (Figs. 1– 2); distributed in S Kazakhstan, NW Uzbekistan, N Kyrgyzstan and S Russia....... Ceratodirus Fischer von Waldheim, 1845</p> <p>5 Profemur armed on frontal edge with keels or apical apopyhses; mandibular appendix (ma) more or less symmetrical, if asymmetrical then right one more developed (Figs. 27–29); fragmented distribution: S Turkmenistan, NE Iran, S Uzbekistan, W Tajikistan, N Afghanistan, S Uzbekistan, S Kirghizia................................. Scelolethrus Semenov, 1832</p> <p>– Profemur unarmed on frontal edge........................................................................ 6</p> <p>6 Metafemur of male with distinct concavity on rear edge (Fig. 36); mandibular appendix (ma) distinct asymmetrically, right appendix more developed; distributed in W Turkmenistan and NE Iran.................... Teratolethrus Semenov, 1894</p> <p>– Metafemur of male without concavity on rear edge, without keels or apical apophyses at middle of length, plain or only weakly transverse keel-like ridge developed...................................................................... 7</p> <p>7 Both mandibles without appendices (ma), as in females. Transverse carina (tc) on dorsal surface of apex of left mandible reaching to lateral mandibular outline, clearly delimited (Figs. 46–48); distributed in S Kazakhstan, E Uzbekistan and W Kirgizstan..................................................................... Abrognathus Jakovlev, 1890</p> <p>– Both mandibles with or without appendices (ma). If mandibles without appendices, transverse carina (tc) on dorsal surface of apex of left mandible not reaching to mandibular outline, surface between apex of mandibles and transverse carina (tc) never clearly delimited (Figs. 49–51)........................................................................... 8</p> <p>8 Mandibular appendices (ma) blade-shaped, strongly symmetrical and projecting laterally in dorsal aspect, transverse carina (tc) on dorsal surface of apex of left mandible reaching to lateral mandibular outline (Figs. 52–54); probably distributed in Turkmenistan (Turkmenbashi distr.).................................................. Neolethrus Nikolajev, 1987</p> <p>– Mandibular appendices (ma) different shaped, transverse carina (tc) on dorsal surface of apex of left mandible never reaching to lateral mandibular outline............................................................................. 9</p> <p>9 Mandibular appendices (ma) distinctly asymmetric, left one mostly S-shaped, directed forward and downward (exceptional L. antovae Medvedev, 1957, both mandibles S-shaped in frontal aspect, symmetrical), left appendix distinctly more strongly developed and more elongate (Figs. 18–23); distributed in Tajikistan (Ghissar-Darwaz Mts.) and S Kirgizia........................................................................................... Furcilethrus Nikolajev, 1968</p> <p>– Mandibular appendices not distinctly asymmetric; left one not mostly S-shaped and not distinctly more developed than right one............................................................................................... 10</p> <p>10 Apex of parameres straight acuminate apically and distinct flattened in lateral view (Fig. 6, 8); distributed in S Kazakhstan (western Tien Shan Mts.), NW Kirgizia and E Uzbekistan................................ Paralethrus Nikolajev, 2003</p> <p>– Apex of parameres acuminate or broadly rounded in dorsal aspect (Figs. 7–8) but not flattened apically in lateral view (Fig. 5)................................................................................................. 11</p> <p>11 Both mandibles without appendices (ma), as in females (Figs. 49–51); distributed in S Uzbekistan (West of Ghissar-Darwaz Mts.), NW Tajikistan, W Kirgizia, S Kazakhstan....................................... Mesolethrus Nikolajev, 2003</p> <p>– Both mandibles with distinct appendices, often nearly symmetric (Figs. 30–32, 37–39)............................. 12</p> <p>12 Distributed from banks of River Don (Russia) to SE Europe (Balkans) and W Turkey.............. Lethrus (Scopoli, 1777)</p> <p>– Distributed in S Kazakhstan, W Kirgizia, N Tajikistan S and SE Uzbekistan, Central and N Tajikistan, E Turkmenistan, N Afghanistan..................................................................... Autolethrus Semenov, 1892</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C087DC790AE64AB9ECA3CCB5F06250	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bagaturov, Mikhail F.;Hillert, Oliver	Bagaturov, Mikhail F., Hillert, Oliver (2023): Sinolethrus, a new subgenus of the genus Lethrus Scopoli, 1777 from China (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae: Lethrinae) and new synonymy of the subgenus Paralethrus Nikolajev, 2003. Zootaxa 5258 (3): 301-316, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5258.3.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5258.3.4
03C087DC790BE64BB9ECA6C2B4546216.text	03C087DC790BE64BB9ECA6C2B4546216.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lethrus (Paralethrus) Nikolajev 2003	<div><p>Subgenus Paralethrus Nikolajev, 2003</p> <p>(Figs. 6, 40–45, 48)</p> <p>The subgenus Paralethrus was established by Nikolajev(2003), and includes currently only5species; L.bituberculatus Ballion, 1870, L. crassus Hillert, 2004, L. kabaki Nikolajev, 1998, L. karatavicus Nikolajev &amp; Skopin, 1971, and L. turkestanicus Ballion, 1871. The species L. bituberculatus was split by Nikolajev (1969) into 3 subspecies, which inhabit different altitudes in the mountainous areas of Kazakhstan, Kirgizia and Uzbekistan.</p> <p>Lethrus mediocris Fairmaire, 1892 was described from Turkestan, collected by P. Nadar (Fairmaire 1892). The type locality “Turkestan” is geographically an extreme widespread region, from the east coast of the Caspian Sea to the desert Gobi in the 19 th century. This region now includes several countries. Until now, the taxonomic position of this species was unclear and its placement was not given or given only vaguely in the past due to the unavailability of type material (Boucomont 1912; Král &amp; Nikolajev 2006; Nikolajev et al. 2016).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C087DC790BE64BB9ECA6C2B4546216	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bagaturov, Mikhail F.;Hillert, Oliver	Bagaturov, Mikhail F., Hillert, Oliver (2023): Sinolethrus, a new subgenus of the genus Lethrus Scopoli, 1777 from China (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae: Lethrinae) and new synonymy of the subgenus Paralethrus Nikolajev, 2003. Zootaxa 5258 (3): 301-316, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5258.3.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5258.3.4
03C087DC7908E644B9ECA653B3E665FC.text	03C087DC7908E644B9ECA653B3E665FC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lethrus (Paralethrus) bituberculatus subsp. impressifrons Ballion 1870	<div><p>Lethrus (Paralethrus) bituberculatus impressifrons Ballion, 1870</p> <p>Lethrus impressifrons Ballion, 1870: 336 (original description, type locality: “Tschemkent”); Solsky 1876: 373 (synonymized with Lethrus laevigatus Ballion, 1870).</p> <p>Lethrus laevigatus v. impressifrons: Reitter 1890: 292 (key, description).</p> <p>Lethrus (Autolethrus) laevigatus var.? impressifrons: Semenov 1892: 237 (classification); Boucomont 1912: 37 (catalogue); Winkler 1929: 1041 (catalogue).</p> <p>Lethrus (Autolethrus) Hauseri Reitter in Hauser 1894: 44 (original description, type locality: “Turkestan, Tschimgan”).</p> <p>Lethrus (Autolethrus) Hauseri: Boucomont 1912: 37 (catalogue); Winkler 1929: 1041 (catalogue).</p> <p>Lethrus (Autolethrus) hauseri: Semenov 1934: 1396 (distribution); Semenov &amp; Medvedev 1936: 87 (redescription, key, classification, distribution, iconography: Tab. 2 Fig. 36, Tab. 5 Fig. 103, Tab. 7 Fig. 166, Tab. 9 Fig. 214, Tab. 10, Fig. 270, Tab. 11 Fig. 304; Skopin 1955: 152 (characteristics compared).</p> <p>Lethrus hauseri: Nikolajev 1974: 81 (synonymized with L. bituberculatus impressifrons Ballion, 1870).</p> <p>Lethrus (Autolethrus) hauseri hauseri: Nikolajev 1969: 529 (classification, redescription, iconography: Figs. 20–23).</p> <p>Lethrus (Autolethrus) eous Semenov 1894: 484, 522 (original description, type locality: “Dshungaria, Kuldsha”).</p> <p>Lethrus (Autolethrus) eous: Boucomont 1912: 37 (catalogue); Winkler 1929: 1041 (catalogue); Semenov 1934: 1396 (distribution); Semenov &amp; Medvedev 1936: 87 (redescription, key, classification, distribution, iconography: Tab. 2 Figs. 37, 38, Tab. 5 Fig. 104); Skopin 1955: 152 (characteristics compared); Nikolajev 1969: 529 (synonymized with L. hauseri hauseri Reitter, 1894).</p> <p>Lethrus (Autolethrus) jacobsoni Semenov &amp; Medvedev 1935: 285 (original description, type locality: “Turkestan, prov. Syrdarjens”).</p> <p>Lethrus (Autolethrus) jacobsoni: Semenov &amp; Medvedev 1936: 87 (redescription, key, classification, distribution, iconography: Tab. 2 Figs. 34, 35, Tab. 5 Fig. 102, Tab. 7 Fig. 165, Tab. 9 Fig. 213, Tab. 10 Fig. 269, Tab. 11 Fig. 303); Skopin 1955: 152 (characteristics comparred); Nikolajev 1969: 529 (synonymized with L. hauseri hauseri Reitter, 1894).</p> <p>Lethrus jacobsoni: Protzenko 1972: 7 (distribution).</p> <p>Lethrus (Autolethrus) nigroaeneus Skopin 1955: 150 (original description, iconography, Figs. 11–14, type locality: south Kazakhstan, Karschan Tau Mts.).</p> <p>Lethrus (Autolethrus) nigroaeneus: Nikolajev 1969: 529 (synonymized with L. hauseri hauseri Reitter, 1894).</p> <p>Lethrus (Autolethrus) bituberculatus impressifrons: Nikolajev 1974: 81 (classification).</p> <p>Lethrus (Lethrus) bituberculatus impressifrons: Nikolajev 1987: 45 (classification, distribution); Krajčík 2012: 142 (catalogue).</p> <p>Lethrus (Paralethrus) bituberculatus impressifrons: Nikolajev 2003: 199 (classification, distribution, iconography: Fig. 143 Nr. 4, Fig. 145 Nr. 5). Hillert 2004: 827 (redescription, distribution, key, iconography: Figs. 1–3, 17–18, 26–27); Král &amp; Nikolajev 2006: 94 (catalogue); Bagaturov &amp; Nikolajev 2015: 312 (note, distribution); Nikolajev et al. 2016: 51 (catalogue); Schoolmeesters 2020 (online catalogue).</p> <p>Lethrus (?) mediocris: Fairmaire, 1892: CXXII (122) (original description); Král &amp; Nikolajev 2006: 94 (catalogue); Nikolajev et al. 2016: 51 (catalogue, species incertae sedis).</p> <p>Lethrus (Autolethrus) mediocris: Boucomont 1912: 37 (catalogue).</p> <p>Type material examined. Lectotype Ô (here designated) (MNHN) “ Lethrus mediocris / Faim. 1892 [hw] // Museum Paris / 1906 / coll. L. Fairmaire [p] // Lethrus mediocris Ô / Fairmaire / Holotypus / Det. R. Pittino 1990 // Lethrus bituberculatus / impressifrons Ball. / det. O. Hillert 2010 [p, hw] // Lethrus mediocris / Fairmaire, 1892 Ô / Lectotypus / O. Hillert des. 2023 [p]”.</p> <p>Additional material examined (21 specimens). Uzbekistan, Circik, 4.–7.7.91, M. Valenta leg., 1Ô, 5♀♀ (ZSM, ex. coll. O. Hillert); UDSSR, Samarkand, Aman-Kutan [patria falsa], 15.05.[19]86, Paulus leg., 2ÔÔ (ZSM, ex. coll. O. Hillert); E. Uzbekistan, Tashkent arl. Karzhantau Mts., 26.05.1997, 1Ô (ZSM, ex. coll. O. Hillert); Talkent-Aktau, 03.07.1991, 1, Kletetka leg., 2ÔÔ, 2♀♀ (ZSM, ex. coll. O. Hillert); E. Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Karzhantau Mts., Aktash, 27.05.1997, 1Ô (ZSM, ex. coll. O. Hillert); UDSSR, Uzbekistan, Tashkent Tshimgan, 1800 m, 01.05.1977, J. Novodný, leg., 1Ô (ZSM, ex. coll. O. Hillert); Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Aktash, 10.05.86, Paulus leg., 1Ô, 1♀ (ZSM, ex. coll. O. Hillert); NW Tian-Shan, Pskem Mts. near Nanai, Aksar-Sai, h- 1400 m, 02. V.1995, 1Ô (ZSM, ex. coll. O. Hillert); Tian-Shan, Ugam Mts. Range, Nauvalisay river, 8.–10. V.2000, Tikhonov A., 1Ô (ZSM, ex. coll. O. Hillert); Kuraminsky mt., Kamtshik pass, 23.05.1996, 1100m, 2ÔÔ (ZSM, ex. coll. O. Hillert).</p> <p>Remarks. The type specimen of L. mediocris Fairmaire, 1892 (MNHN) was labelled as a holotype by R. Pittino in 1990. It is an assumption of a holotype, so according to recommendation 73F of the code here sets this specimen as a lectotype.</p> <p>The lectotype of L. mediocris has the following characteristics: Dorsal surface of mandibles with distinct transversal carina, reaching not to mandibular outline; frontal edge of profemur without tooth or elevation at middle of length; both mandibles with distinct appendices, weakly asymmetric, left side with subapical tooth at front, right side with weak medial tooth on inner side; punctation on pronotum dense by one of their diameter approximately, shallow midline visible. We recognized that this specimen belongs to the subgenus Paralethrus. This subgenus was reviewed by Hillert (2004), and a great number of specimens were studied.</p> <p>The morphological characteristics between L. mediocris and L. (P.) bituberculatus impressifrons are identical. The type locality of L. mediocris is extreme broadly formulated but included the type locality of L. (P.) b. impressifrons. In our opinion, L. mediocris is identical with L. (P.) b. impressifrons Ballion, 1870 on the basis of the external characteristics.</p> <p>We are now able to establish the following synonymy: Lethrus (Paralethrus) bituberculatus impressifrons Ballion, 1870 = Lethrus mediocris Fairmaire, 1892, new synonym.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C087DC7908E644B9ECA653B3E665FC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bagaturov, Mikhail F.;Hillert, Oliver	Bagaturov, Mikhail F., Hillert, Oliver (2023): Sinolethrus, a new subgenus of the genus Lethrus Scopoli, 1777 from China (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae: Lethrinae) and new synonymy of the subgenus Paralethrus Nikolajev, 2003. Zootaxa 5258 (3): 301-316, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5258.3.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5258.3.4
