taxonID	type	description	language	source
03AC5547FFF9DD71FEADFC9AFCEEFDCB.taxon	description	(Figs 1 – 3, 13 – 15, 25 – 27, 39, 43, 47)	en	Král, David, Hillert, Oliver (2013): Three new Lethrus species close to L. raymondi (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae) from the Balkan Peninsula. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 53 (1): 219-244, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740597
03AC5547FFF9DD71FEADFC9AFCEEFDCB.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Greece, Thessaloníki distr., Tagarádes env., 66 m [a. s. l.], 40 ° 27.798 ′ N 023 ° 02.198 ′ E (Fig. 47). Type material (499 specimens). GREECE: CENTRAL MACEDONIA PROVINCE: HOLOTYPE (♂) and ALLOTYPE (♀) (DKCP), ‘ GR, Thessaloníki distr., 14. iv. 2003 / TAGARADES env., 66 m / 40 ° 27.798 N 023 ° 02.198 E / [GPS] David Král lgt. [p] ’. PARATYPES: 33 ♂♂ 29 ♀♀ (DKCP), same data; 11 ♂♂ 8 ♀♀ (SJCP), same data but ‘ Radek Dunda lgt. [p] ’; 26 ♂♂ 20 ♀♀ (JSCP), same data but ‘ Jan Schneider lgt. [p] ’; 21 ♂♂ 18 ♀♀ (OHCB), ‘ Greece, (C. Macedonia), 66 m, Thessaloniki env., Tagarades env., N 40 ° 27´79,8 ´´ / E 023 ° 02´19,8 ´´ [GPS], 14. IV. 2003, leg. O. Hillert [p] ’, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (ARCL), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (DACB), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (DEIC), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (ERCS), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (HKCS), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (MHCM), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (NNML), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (RPCM), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (SMNS), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (SMTD), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (USCK), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (ZMHB), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (ZSMC), all same data; 11 ♂♂ 12 ♀♀ (DKCP), ‘ GR, Thessaloníki distr., 12. IV. 2006 / TAGARADES env., 177 m / N 40 ° 28 ’ 04 ’’ E 023 ° 00 ’ 51 ’’ / [GPS], David Král lgt. [p] ’; 8 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀ (RCCP), same data but ‘ Radek Červenka lgt. [p] ’; 3 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ (SJCP), same dat but ‘ Radek Dunda lgt. [p] ’; 15 ♂♂ 16 ♀♀ (JSCP), same data but ‘ Jan Schneider lgt. [p] ’; 12 ♂♂ 10 ♀♀ (OHCB), same data but ‘ Oliver Hillert lgt. [p] ’, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (GNCA), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (JSCB), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (RPCM), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (SZCM), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (TBCP), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (VMCP), all same data; 17 ♂♂ 11 ♀♀ (NMPC), ‘ GREECE – THESSALONIKI / ca. 3 km S TAGARADES / 40 ° 28.1 ’ N, 23 ° 00.8 ’ E; ca. 170 m / (Olive orchard; field) / Jiří Hájek leg. 27. IV. 2007 [p] ’; 16 ♂♂ 15 ♀♀ (TRCP), same data but ‘ Tomáš Růžička lgt. [p] ’; 31 ♂♂ 36 ♀♀ (JSCP), same data but ‘ Jan Schneider lgt. [p] ’; 13 ♂♂ 11 ♀♀ (RCCP), ‘ GR bor. MACEDONIA / THESSALONIKI distr. / ca. 3 km S Tagarades / 40 ° 28.1 ’ N, 23 ° 00.8 ’ E; ca. 170 m / (olive orchard; field / R. Červenka lgt. 27. IV. 2007 [p] ’; 34 ♂♂ 17 ♀♀ (OHCB), ‘ Greece, (C. Macedonia), 66 m / Thessaloniki env., TAGARADES env. / N 40 ° 27´79,8 ´´ / E 023 ° 02´19,8 ´´ / [GPS], 09. IV. 2011, lgt. O. Hillert [p] ’. Additional material examined (133 specimens). GREECE: CENTRAL MACEDONIA PROVINCE: 1 ♂ (ZFMK), Saloniki, 20. iv. 1968, H. Roer leg.; 1 ♂ (RPCM), about 8 km N of Poligiros, 5. v. 1983, M. Berra leg.; 1 ♀ (PDCO), Kassandra, Griorigi (Kriopigi), 29. iv. – 11. v. 1986, Köstlin leg.; 3 ♂♂ 6 ♀♀ (MECW), 1 ♀ (ZSMC), Gerakini env., 30. v. 1987, Egger leg.; 2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ (LSCN), Kassandra, Polychronon, 19. iii. 1989, V. Assing leg.; 2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ (SMNG), W Kassandra, Kalandra, 28. v. 1999, Franke leg.; 1 ♂ (RECF), Kassandra mer., 22. ix. 2001, dead spec.; 7 ♂♂ 8 ♀♀ (DKCP), Kassandra, Kassandría env., 40 ° 02 ′ 26 ″ N 023 ° 26 ′ 03 ″ E, 99 m, 23. iv. 2005, David Král leg.; 13 ♂♂ 8 ♀♀ (JSCP), same data but Jan Schneider leg.; 5 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ (OHCB), same data but Oliver Hillert leg.; 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀ (DKCP), Metamórfosi, 40 ° 13.83 ′ N 23 ° 36.46 ′ E, 22. iv. 2009, D. Král, D. Drožová, H. Podskalská, P. Šípek & A. Venderová leg.; 14 spec. (IBCF), Nea Gonia – Nea Silata, 40 ° 20 ′ N 23 ° 34 ′ E, ca. 70 m, 2. v. 2009, Ivo Boščík leg.; 22 spec. (LBCB), same data but Lukáš Bureš leg.; 9 spec. (PPCB), same data but Pavel Průdek leg.; 17 spec. (PVCP), same data but Petr Včelička leg.; 2 ♂♂ (ZFMK), Salonik; 1 ♂ (DKCP), Saloniki, ex coll. Dr. Z. Veselý.	en	Král, David, Hillert, Oliver (2013): Three new Lethrus species close to L. raymondi (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae) from the Balkan Peninsula. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 53 (1): 219-244, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740597
03AC5547FFF9DD71FEADFC9AFCEEFDCB.taxon	description	Description of holotype. Maximally developed (hyperthelic) male with well developed ventral mandibular processes. Total body length 29 mm. Oblong, strongly convex; dorsal surface black, except moderately shiny pronotum almost alutaceous; ventral surface black with weak blue tinge, moderately shiny, claws black-brown; setation black. Head (Figs 1, 13, 25, 39). Labrum bilobed, asymmetrical, right lobe remarkably more developed; surface rugosely and coarsely, shallowly and sparsely punctate, each puncture bearing short recumbent macroseta; anterior margin with dense row of long macrosetae. Clypeus transverse, trapezoidal with anterior angles round. Frontal impressions vague, frontal tubercles indistinct. Frontoclypeal suture present only laterally; keels separating eye canthus from frons only slightly developed but distinct, slightly divergent posteriad. Eye canthus exceeding eyes, projecting anterolaterad, almost rectangular, lateral margins divergent posteriad, anterolateral angle round, oblique keel above eyes absent. Pleurostomal process evenly arcuate, hardly exceeding ventrolateral mandibular outline. Punctation of frons double, consisting of coarse, transversally rugose, regularly and densely distributed punctures, intermixed with fine, irregularly distributed ones; coarse punctures separated by approximately less than their diameter, punctation becoming distinctly sparser posteriad and on occiput; clypeus and eye canthus distinctly rugose. Mandibles symmetrical, external outline almost semicircular, pointed subapically in dorsal aspect (Figs 25, 39) with maximum width approximately in middle of mandibular length. Ventral mandibular processes (Figs 1, 13, 39) symmetrical, distinctly longer than horizontal length of mandibles; base thickened, not exceeding lateral mandibular outline in dorsal aspect, with approximately straight external outline in basal half in frontal aspect; longitudinal keel on base laterally present, in dorsal aspect straight and distinctly parallel to lateral mandibular outline, not so broad as maximum width of mandibular outline basally; in lateral aspect distinctly parallel to lateral mandibular outline; posterior subbasal tooth absent (visible in lateral aspect); inferiobasal tooth present, angulate in frontal aspect; both processes bent inward approximately at middle of mandibular length in frontal view; anterior subapical tooth present, weakly visible in lateral aspect, distinctly extended in frontal aspect; apical emargination remarkably deep; apical tooth sharp, strongly extended apically. Pronotum transverse, distinctly broader than base of elytra, broadest just behind middle; margin entirely bordered, slightly crenulate on anterior parts. Anterior angles not projecting anterolaterad, with evenly arcuate outline; lateral margin approximately straight to round posterior angle; basal margin straight. Punctation of dorsal surface simple, consisting of deep, sparsely and irregularly distributed punctures; punctures separated by approximately two to four times their diameters discally, surface near lateral margins considerably shagreened and alutaceous. Scutellar shield widely triangular, finely shagreened. Elytra almost semicircular, apices not prominent, each apex forming independent arc. Epipleuron strongly narrowed apicad, epipleural keel not reaching elytron apex. Whole surface alutaceous, finely transversally rugose; striae not indicated, entirely vanishing in rugosities. Legs. Profemur not armed, protibia with eight gradually diminishing external denticles proximally, and with row of tubercles on ventromedial edge. Aedeagus of typical shape of species closely related to L. raymondi (see Figs 37 – 38). Variability in males. Body length 21 – 30 mm. Mandibular processes in medium developed (Figs 2, 14, 26) and underdeveloped (hypothelic) males (Figs 3, 15, 27) short, more or less straight with only slightly indicated teeth, or entirely without them, simply round to almost acute apically. Females (body length 20 – 29 mm, allotype 28 mm) differ from males as follows: external outline of mandibles almost straight, in apical quarter round in dorsal aspect; ventral mandibular process absent; protibia broader, row of tubercles on ventromedial edge less pronounced.	en	Král, David, Hillert, Oliver (2013): Three new Lethrus species close to L. raymondi (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae) from the Balkan Peninsula. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 53 (1): 219-244, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740597
03AC5547FFF9DD71FEADFC9AFCEEFDCB.taxon	diagnosis	Differential diagnosis. For differential diagnosis see the character matrix (Table 1).	en	Král, David, Hillert, Oliver (2013): Three new Lethrus species close to L. raymondi (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae) from the Balkan Peninsula. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 53 (1): 219-244, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740597
03AC5547FFF9DD71FEADFC9AFCEEFDCB.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Derived from the area of origin the new species, the Halkidiki (Χαλκιδική) [= Chalkidiki or Khalkidiki] Peninsula.	en	Král, David, Hillert, Oliver (2013): Three new Lethrus species close to L. raymondi (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae) from the Balkan Peninsula. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 53 (1): 219-244, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740597
03AC5547FFF9DD71FEADFC9AFCEEFDCB.taxon	discussion	Collecting circumstances. The type series was collected on intensively grazed pasture on moderately steep slopes consisting of loess soil (Fig. 47).	en	Král, David, Hillert, Oliver (2013): Three new Lethrus species close to L. raymondi (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae) from the Balkan Peninsula. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 53 (1): 219-244, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740597
03AC5547FFF9DD71FEADFC9AFCEEFDCB.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Northern Greece: Halkidiki Peninsula (Fig. 43).	en	Král, David, Hillert, Oliver (2013): Three new Lethrus species close to L. raymondi (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae) from the Balkan Peninsula. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 53 (1): 219-244, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740597
03AC5547FFF2DD72FE1FFD3AFF06FB4C.taxon	description	(Figs 4 – 6, 16 – 18, 28 – 30, 40, 44, 48)	en	Král, David, Hillert, Oliver (2013): Three new Lethrus species close to L. raymondi (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae) from the Balkan Peninsula. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 53 (1): 219-244, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740597
03AC5547FFF2DD72FE1FFD3AFF06FB4C.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Bulgaria, Khotovo, 188 m [a. s. l.], 41 ° 29 ′ 57 ″ N 023 ° 20 ′ 18 ″ E (Fig. 48). Type material (331 specimens). BULGARIA: BLAGOEVGRAD PROVINCE: HOLOTYPE (♂) and ALLOTYPE (♀) (DKCP), ‘ SW Bulgaria 9. IV. 2006 / KHOTOVO 188 m / N 41 ° 29 ’ 57 ’’ E 023 ° 20 ’ 18 ’’ / [GPS] David Král lgt. [p] ’. PARATYPES: 21 ♂♂ 16 ♀♀ (DKCP), same data; 18 ♂♂ 7 ♀♀ (RCCP), same data but ‘ Radek Červenka lgt. [p] ’; 3 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ (SJCP), same data but ‘ Radek Dunda lgt. [p] ’; 57 ♂♂ 25 ♀♀ (OHCB), same data but ‘ Oliver Hillert lgt. [p] ’; 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (ARCL), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (DACB), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (DEIC), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (ERCS), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (GNCA), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (HKCS), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (JSCB), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (LSCN), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (MHCM), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (NNML), 2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ (RPCM), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (SMNS), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (SMTD), 2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ (SZCM), 2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ (TBCP), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (USCK), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (ZMHB), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (ZSMC), all same data; 2 ♂♂ (SPCP), ‘ Bulg. mer. / Chotovo, V. 1984 / Ing. Pokorný lgt. [p] ’, 1 ♀ (VMCP), same data; 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (HNHM), ‘ Bulgaria, Chotovo / 9. V. 1985 / leg. Gór A. [p] ’; 15 ♂♂ 15 ♀♀ (RCCP), ‘ Bulgaria mer. occ. / Chotovo / 27.4.1988, lgt. Červenka [p] ’; 4 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ (OHCB), 4 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀ (MNCR), 5 ♂♂ 7 ♀♀ (ZSMC), all same data; 4 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀ (RPCM), ‘ Bulgaria, southwest / Khotovo, 27. IV. 1988 / R. Červenka lgt. [p] ’; 1 ♂ (VTCZ), ‘ Bulgaria 2000 / CHOTOVO 16.4. / M. Kohout [lgt.] [hw, Indian ink] ’; 1 ♂ (PKCS), same data; 3 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ (PKCS), ‘ BG mer. occ. / 1.5.2005, Melnik – Chotovo / Kylies leg. [p] ’; 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (PKCS), ‘ BG mer. occ. / 29.5.2005, Melnik – Chotovo / Kylies leg. [p] ’; 15 ♂♂ 27 ♀♀ (PKCS), ‘ Bulgaria south / Melnik – Chotovo / 3.5.2006 / lgt. Petr Kylies [p] ’; 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (JVCS), the same but ‘ lgt. Jiří Klícha [p] ’; 8 ♂♂ 9 ♀♀ (JKCP), same data; 1 ♀ (RMCM), same data but ‘ lgt. Radoslav Muczka [p] ’. Additional material examined (582 specimens). BULGARIA: BLAGOEVGRAD PROVINCE: 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀ (SOFM), 1 ♂ (ZISB), Levunovo, 2. vii. 1953, B. Zakharieva leg.; 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀ (DKCP), Levunovo, 10. v. 1983, Z. Kačenka leg; 1 ♂ (VMCP), Melnik, 9. vi. [19] 78, L. Mencl leg.; 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀ (HNHM), Melnik, 10. v. 1985, A. Gór leg.; 1 ♂ (VMCP), Melnik, 20. v. [19] 85, Vl. Malý leg.; 3 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀ (DKCP), Dolno Spančevo, vi. 1979, Pavel Marhoul leg.; 12 ♂♂ 15 ♀♀ (DKCP), 9. iv. 2006, Dolno Spanchevo, 41 ° 25 ′ 30 ″ N 023 ° 22 ′ 46 ″ E, 130 m, David Král leg.; 9 ♂♂ 14 ♀♀ (RCCP), same data but Radek Červenka leg.; 5 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀ (SJCP), same data but Radek Dunda leg.; 8 ♂♂ 5 ♀♀ (OHCB), same data but Oliver Hillert leg.; 5 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ (DKCP), 2 ♂♂ (JVCS), v. 1980, Liljanovo, Jan Nedvěd leg.; 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀ (DKCP), Liljanovo, 10. – 12. v. 1986, David Král leg.; 2 ♂♂ (OHCB), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (JSCB), Sandanski, 5. v. 1984, D. Wrase leg.; 3 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀ (ERCS), Sandanski, 6. – 11. v. 1984, B. Jäger leg.; 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (OHCB), Sandanski, 6. – 11. v. 1984, D. W. Wrase leg.; 1 ♂ (JSCB), 2 ♂♂ (ZMHB), Sandanski, 28. iv. [19] 85, B. Jäger leg.; 1 ♀ (JVCS), Sandanski, 8. v. [19] 86, Dr. Sobota leg.; 4 ♂♂ (SOFM), Sandanski, 12. – 14. vi. 1987, Al. Slivov leg.; 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (SPCP), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (VMCP), Demjanica, v. 1984, Ing. Pokorný leg.; 1 ♀ (JSCS), 1 ♂ (OHCB), Ilindenci, 400 – 600 m, 20. – 21. iv. 1985, B. Zvarič leg.; 1 ♂ (JSCS), 1 ♂ 2 ♀♀ (OHCB), Ilindenci, 21. iv. 1985, B. Zvarič leg.; 2 ♀♀ (JVCS), Ilindenci, 400 – 600 m, 20. – 21. iv. 1985, B. Zvarič leg.; 21 ♂♂ 15 ♀♀ (DKCP), 4 ♂♂ 8 ♀♀ (VMCP), Ilindenci, 7. – 8. v. [1] 986, David Král leg.; 1 ♂ 2 ♀♀ (DKCP), Lozenica, 2. vi. 1989, S. Bečvář leg.; 1 ♀ (JVCS), Kresna, Struma valley, 26. – 28. v. 1978, Karel Majer leg.; 1 ♀ (OHCB), Kresna, v. [19] 53, Dr. J. Sobota leg.; 2 ♀♀ (JVCS), Strumjani, 1. – 4. v. 2006, Petr Kylies leg.; 18 ♂♂ 14 ♀♀ (JKCP), same dat but Jiří Klícha leg.; 5 ♂♂ (RMCM), same but Radoslav Muczka leg.; 6 ♂♂ 5 ♀♀ (VRCH), Strumjani, 41 ° 36 ′ 26 ″ N 23 ° 13 ′ 42 ″ E, 26. iv. 2009, Vladislav Řebíček leg.; 16 ♂♂ 8 ♀♀ (JRCO), Strumjani, 41 ° 36 ′ 26 ″ N 23 ° 13 ′ 42 ″ E, 26. – 27. iv. 2009, Jaroslav Ryšánek leg.; 6 ♂♂ 7 ♀♀ (MTCK), same data but Miloslav Turčín leg.; 16 ♂♂ 17 ♀♀ (MKCV), same data but Miloš Krejčíř leg.; 2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ (RECJ), same data but Richard Erben leg.; 154 specimens (IBCF), Leshnitsa, 41 ° 32 ′ 08 ″ N 23 ° 17 ′ 23 ″ E, ca. 200 m, 30. iv. 2009, Ivo Boščík leg.; 21 spec. (LBCB), same data but Lukáš Bureš leg.; 3 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀ (PPCB), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (DKCP), same data but Pavel Průdek leg.; 7 spec. (PVCP), same data but Petr Včelička leg.; 7 ♂♂ 5 ♀♀ (LNCB), Sklave, 28. – 30. v. 1990, Czetó Zsolt leg.; 2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ (LNCB), Sklave, 23. v. 1998, László Nádai leg.; 1 ♀ (LNCB), Struma valley, Kresna, 24. – 28. v. 1998, László Nádai leg.; 1 ♀ (LNCB), Sklave, Petrich [district], 41 ° 31.753 ′ N 023 ° 20.156 ′ E, 240 m, 26. v. 2007, Székely Kálmán leg. Description of holotype. Maximally developed (hyperthelic) male with well developed ventral mandibular processes. Total body length 28 mm. Oblong, strongly convex; dorsal surface black, except moderately shiny pronotum almost alutaceous; ventral surface black with weak blue tinge, moderately shiny, claws black-brown; setation black. Head (Figs 4, 16, 28, 40). Labrum bilobed, asymmetrical, right lobe remarkably more developed; surface rugosely and coarsely, shallowly and sparsely punctate, each puncture bearing short recumbent macroseta; anterior margin with dense row of long macrosetae. Clypeus transverse, trapezoidal with anterior angles round. Frontal impressions vague, frontal tubercles indistinct. Frontoclypeal suture present only laterally; keels separating eye canthus from frons only slightly developed but distinct, slightly divergent posteriad. Eye canthus exceeding eyes, projecting anterolaterad, almost rectangular, lateral margins divergent posteriad, anterolateral angle round, oblique keel above eyes absent. Pleurostomal process evenly arcuate, hardly exceeding ventrolateral mandibular outline. Punctation of frons double, consisting of coarse, transversally rugose, regularly and densely distributed punctures, intermixed with fine, irregularly distributed ones; coarse punctures separated by approximately less than their diameter, punctation becoming distinctly sparser posteriad and on occiput; clypeus and eye canthus distinctly rugose. Mandibles symmetrical, external outline in dorsal aspect almost semicircular, pointed subapically (Figs 28, 40), maximum width approximately in middle of mandibular length. Ventral mandibular processes (Figs 4, 16, 40) symmetrical, distinctly longer than horizontal length of mandible; base thickened, not exceeding lateral mandibular outline in dorsal aspect, with weakly concave external outline in basal half in frontal aspect; longitudinal keel on base laterally present, in dorsal aspect straight and distinctly subparallel to lateral mandibular outline, not as broad as maximum width of mandibular outline basally; in lateral aspect very weakly arcuate, distinctly subparallel to lateral mandibular outline, divergent gradually basad from approximately middle of its length; anterior subbasal tooth absent; posterior subbasal tooth absent (lateral aspect); inferiobasal tooth absent; both processes bent inward aproximately at middle of mandibular length in frontal view; anterior subapical tooth present, weakly visible in lateral aspect, distinctly extended in frontal aspect; apical emargination remarkably deep; apical tooth sharp, strongly extended apically. Pronotum transverse, distinctly broader than base of elytra, broadest just behind middle; margin entirely bordered, slightly crenulate on anterior parts. Anterior angles not projecting anterolaterad, with evenly arcuate outline; lateral margin approximately straight to round posterior angle; basal margin straight. Punctation of dorsal surface simple, consisting of deep, sparsely and unevenly distributed punctures; punctures separated by approximately two to four times their diameters discally, surface near lateral margins considerably shagreened and alutaceous. Scutellar shield widely triangular, finely shagreened. Elytra almost semicircular, apices not prominent, each apex forming independent arc. Epipleuron strongly narrowed apicad, epipleural keel not reaching elytral apex. Whole surface alutaceous, finely transversally rugose; striae not indicated, entirely vanishing in rugosities. Legs. Profemur not armed, protibia with eight gradually diminishing external denticles proximad, and with row of tubercles on ventromedial edge. Aedeagus of typical shape of species closely related to L. raymondi (see Figs 37 – 38). Variability in males. Body length 20 – 29 mm. Mandibular processes in medium developed (Figs 5, 17, 29) and underdeveloped (hypothelic) males (Figs 6, 18, 30) short, more or less straight with only indicated teeth or without them at all, simply rounded to almost acute apically. Females (body length 21 – 28 mm, allotype 28 mm) differ from males as follows: external outline of mandibles almost straight, in apical quarter rounded in dorsal aspect; ventral mandibular process absent; protibia broader, row of tubercles on ventromedial edge less pronounced. Differential diagnosis. For differential diagnosis see the character matrix (Table 1). Etymology. Noun in apposition. In Slavic mythology, Perun (cyrillic: Перун) is the highest God of the Pantheon and the God of thunder and lightning. It is assumed that the name of the Pirin Mountains situated in the area of distribution of the new species is derived from his name. Collecting circumstances. The type series was collected on uncultivated pasture with a disturbed surface on slightly sloping loess soil basis; woody vegetation consisted of solitary fruit trees and shrubs (Fig. 48). Distribution. Bulgaria: left margin of the Struma river basin north of the defile between the Belasitsa and the Slavyanka mts (Fig. 44). Records of L. raymondi by Guéorguiev & Bunalski (2004) from Kalimantsi, Katuntsi, Levunovo and Sandanski concern almost certainly this species.	en	Král, David, Hillert, Oliver (2013): Three new Lethrus species close to L. raymondi (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae) from the Balkan Peninsula. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 53 (1): 219-244, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740597
03AC5547FFF2DD72FE1FFD3AFF06FB4C.taxon	description	Description of holotype. Maximally developed (hyperthelic) male with well developed ventral mandibular processes. Total body length 28 mm. Oblong, strongly convex; dorsal surface black, except moderately shiny pronotum almost alutaceous; ventral surface black with weak blue tinge, moderately shiny, claws black-brown; setation black. Head (Figs 4, 16, 28, 40). Labrum bilobed, asymmetrical, right lobe remarkably more developed; surface rugosely and coarsely, shallowly and sparsely punctate, each puncture bearing short recumbent macroseta; anterior margin with dense row of long macrosetae. Clypeus transverse, trapezoidal with anterior angles round. Frontal impressions vague, frontal tubercles indistinct. Frontoclypeal suture present only laterally; keels separating eye canthus from frons only slightly developed but distinct, slightly divergent posteriad. Eye canthus exceeding eyes, projecting anterolaterad, almost rectangular, lateral margins divergent posteriad, anterolateral angle round, oblique keel above eyes absent. Pleurostomal process evenly arcuate, hardly exceeding ventrolateral mandibular outline. Punctation of frons double, consisting of coarse, transversally rugose, regularly and densely distributed punctures, intermixed with fine, irregularly distributed ones; coarse punctures separated by approximately less than their diameter, punctation becoming distinctly sparser posteriad and on occiput; clypeus and eye canthus distinctly rugose. Mandibles symmetrical, external outline in dorsal aspect almost semicircular, pointed subapically (Figs 28, 40), maximum width approximately in middle of mandibular length. Ventral mandibular processes (Figs 4, 16, 40) symmetrical, distinctly longer than horizontal length of mandible; base thickened, not exceeding lateral mandibular outline in dorsal aspect, with weakly concave external outline in basal half in frontal aspect; longitudinal keel on base laterally present, in dorsal aspect straight and distinctly subparallel to lateral mandibular outline, not as broad as maximum width of mandibular outline basally; in lateral aspect very weakly arcuate, distinctly subparallel to lateral mandibular outline, divergent gradually basad from approximately middle of its length; anterior subbasal tooth absent; posterior subbasal tooth absent (lateral aspect); inferiobasal tooth absent; both processes bent inward aproximately at middle of mandibular length in frontal view; anterior subapical tooth present, weakly visible in lateral aspect, distinctly extended in frontal aspect; apical emargination remarkably deep; apical tooth sharp, strongly extended apically. Pronotum transverse, distinctly broader than base of elytra, broadest just behind middle; margin entirely bordered, slightly crenulate on anterior parts. Anterior angles not projecting anterolaterad, with evenly arcuate outline; lateral margin approximately straight to round posterior angle; basal margin straight. Punctation of dorsal surface simple, consisting of deep, sparsely and unevenly distributed punctures; punctures separated by approximately two to four times their diameters discally, surface near lateral margins considerably shagreened and alutaceous. Scutellar shield widely triangular, finely shagreened. Elytra almost semicircular, apices not prominent, each apex forming independent arc. Epipleuron strongly narrowed apicad, epipleural keel not reaching elytral apex. Whole surface alutaceous, finely transversally rugose; striae not indicated, entirely vanishing in rugosities. Legs. Profemur not armed, protibia with eight gradually diminishing external denticles proximad, and with row of tubercles on ventromedial edge. Aedeagus of typical shape of species closely related to L. raymondi (see Figs 37 – 38). Variability in males. Body length 20 – 29 mm. Mandibular processes in medium developed (Figs 5, 17, 29) and underdeveloped (hypothelic) males (Figs 6, 18, 30) short, more or less straight with only indicated teeth or without them at all, simply rounded to almost acute apically. Females (body length 21 – 28 mm, allotype 28 mm) differ from males as follows: external outline of mandibles almost straight, in apical quarter rounded in dorsal aspect; ventral mandibular process absent; protibia broader, row of tubercles on ventromedial edge less pronounced.	en	Král, David, Hillert, Oliver (2013): Three new Lethrus species close to L. raymondi (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae) from the Balkan Peninsula. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 53 (1): 219-244, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740597
03AC5547FFF2DD72FE1FFD3AFF06FB4C.taxon	diagnosis	Differential diagnosis. For differential diagnosis see the character matrix (Table 1).	en	Král, David, Hillert, Oliver (2013): Three new Lethrus species close to L. raymondi (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae) from the Balkan Peninsula. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 53 (1): 219-244, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740597
03AC5547FFF2DD72FE1FFD3AFF06FB4C.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Noun in apposition. In Slavic mythology, Perun (cyrillic: Перун) is the highest God of the Pantheon and the God of thunder and lightning. It is assumed that the name of the Pirin Mountains situated in the area of distribution of the new species is derived from his name.	en	Král, David, Hillert, Oliver (2013): Three new Lethrus species close to L. raymondi (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae) from the Balkan Peninsula. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 53 (1): 219-244, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740597
03AC5547FFF2DD72FE1FFD3AFF06FB4C.taxon	discussion	Collecting circumstances. The type series was collected on uncultivated pasture with a disturbed surface on slightly sloping loess soil basis; woody vegetation consisted of solitary fruit trees and shrubs (Fig. 48).	en	Král, David, Hillert, Oliver (2013): Three new Lethrus species close to L. raymondi (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae) from the Balkan Peninsula. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 53 (1): 219-244, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740597
03AC5547FFF2DD72FE1FFD3AFF06FB4C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Bulgaria: left margin of the Struma river basin north of the defile between the Belasitsa and the Slavyanka mts (Fig. 44). Records of L. raymondi by Guéorguiev & Bunalski (2004) from Kalimantsi, Katuntsi, Levunovo and Sandanski concern almost certainly this species.	en	Král, David, Hillert, Oliver (2013): Three new Lethrus species close to L. raymondi (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae) from the Balkan Peninsula. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 53 (1): 219-244, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740597
03AC5547FFF1DD77FEA7FABBFDC1F98C.taxon	description	(Figs 7 – 9, 19 – 21, 31 – 33, 37 – 38, 41, 45, 49)	en	Král, David, Hillert, Oliver (2013): Three new Lethrus species close to L. raymondi (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae) from the Balkan Peninsula. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 53 (1): 219-244, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740597
03AC5547FFF1DD77FEA7FABBFDC1F98C.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. ‘ Türkei (Salonicki) ’ [= Greece, Thessaloníki]. Type material examined (8 specimens). GREECE: CENTRAL MACEDONIA PROVINCE: LECTOTYPE (♂) (ZMAS) (designated by NIKOLAJEV 2003: 151), ‘ Salonichi // L. Raymondi / Reitt. 64. [hw, blue ink] // Type [p, red label] // L. Raymondi Rttr. / type [hw, Indian ink] / k. [kolekciya = collection of] V. Yakovleva [= V. Yakovlev; p, original in Cyrillics] // Syntypus [p, red label] // Lectotypus / Lethrus raymondi Reitter / design. G. Nikolajev / 30.08.2002 [p, red label] ’. PARALECTOTYPES: ♀ (ZMAS), ‘ Salonichi // L. Raymondi / Reitt. 64. [hw, blue ink] // Lethrus / Raymondi m. / Salonichi [probably Reitter’s hw, Indian ink] // Lethr. Raymondi / ♀. Typ. Rttr. [hw, Indian ink] / A. Semenow det. [p] // Syntypus [p, red label] ’; ♂ (ZMAS), ‘ L. Raymondi / Reitt. 64. [hw, blue ink] // Lethr. Raymondi / ♂. Typ. Rttr. III. 98 [hw, Indian ink] / A. Semenow det. [p] // Syntypus [p, red label] ’; ♂ (ZMAS), ‘ L. Raymondi / Reitt. 64. [hw, blue ink] // Lethr. Raymondi / ♂. Typ. Rttr. III. 98 [hw, Indian ink] / A. Semenow det. [p] // L. Raymondi Rttr. / [hw, Indian ink] / k. [kolekciya = collection of] V. Yakovleva [= V. Yakovlev; p, original in Cyrillics] // Syntypus [p, red label] ’; ♂ (HNHM), ‘ Salonicki / Emge [probably Reitter’s hw, Indian ink] // Holotypus [red p label] 1890 / Lethrus (Autolethrus) / Raymondi / Reitter [not Reitter’s hw, Indian ink, label with red margin] // Lectotypus [p] Lethrus / raymondi Reitter / 10.04.1973 Nikolajev [Nikolajev’s hw, red label] ’, [not published by Nikolajev]; ♂ (MNHN), ‘ L. Raymondi / m. Salonicki [probably Reitter’s hw, Indian ink] // Typus [red p label with black margin] // Museum Paris / 1938 / Coll. A. Boucomont [p] // Lethrus ♂ / raymondi / Reitter / Lectotypus / Det. R. Pittino 1993 [Pittino’s hw, red label] ’, [not published by Pittino]; ♀ (MNHN), ‘ L. Raymondi / Reitt. ♀ Salonicki [not Reitter’s hw but probably of Boucomont, Indian ink] // Typus [red p label with black margin] // Museum Paris / 1938 / Coll. A. Boucomont [p] // Lethrus ♀ / raymondi / Reitt. / Paralectotypus / Det. R. Pittino 1993 [Pittino’s hw, red label] ’, [not published by Pittino]; ♂ (ZSMC), ‘ Raymondi, Rttr. / Saloniky [hw] // Kiesenwetter [p] // Lethrus / raymondi / Reitter / Syntypus / Det. O. Hillert 2003 [hw] ’. Additional material examined (815 specimens). GREECE: CENTRAL MACEDONIA PROVINCE: 1 ♂ 2 ♀♀ (MNHN), 1 ♂ (RPCM), Saripazar, 1910, R. Michel, Museum Paris, Mission du Vardar; 2 ♂♂ (BMNH), Kalamaria, iv. 1918, J. Waterson; 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀ (MNHN), Salonique env., Région du Mont Prophéte Élie, 786 m, v. 1918, Dr. A. Berton; 4 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀ (ZSMC), Langadas, 2. v. 1942, F. Kühlhorn leg.; 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (ZSMC), Kolchikon nr. Loutra Langadas, E of Saloniki, 7. v. 1942, P. Babiy leg.; 66 spec. (RPCM), 7 km W Petroto 20 km N of Thessaloniki, 300 m, 3. iv. 1990, L. & R. Pittino leg.; 13 spec. (RPCM), same data but 22. iv. 1990; 103 spec. (RPCM), 5 ♂♂ 6 ♀♀ (MNHN), same data but 20. iii. 1991; 11 spec. (RPCM), same data but 20. iv. 1993; 5 ♂♂ 6 ♀♀ (MNHN), 7 km W Petroto, 200 m, 20. iii. 1991, Pittino leg.; 27 ♂♂ 30 ♀♀ (DKCP), Néa Filadélfia env., 40 ° 46 ′ 31 ″ N 022 ° 49 ′ 24 ″ E, 54 m, 19. iv. 2005, David Král leg.; 41 ♂♂ 102 ♀♀ (JSCP), same data but Jan Schneider leg.; 37 ♂♂ 42 ♀♀ (OHCB), same data but Oliver Hillert leg.; 2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ (DKCP), Néa Filadélfia env., 40 ° 46 ′ 31 ″ N 22 ° 49 ′ 24 ″ E, 54 m, 12. iv. 2006; 15 ♂♂ 10 ♀♀ (RCCP), same data but Radek Červenka leg.; 4 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀ (SJCP), same data but Radek Dunda leg.; 7 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀ (OHCB), same data but Oliver Hillert leg.; 7 ♂♂ 11 ♀♀ (NMPC), ca. 3 km S Nea Filadelfia, 40 ° 46.5 ′ N 22 ° 49.3 ′ E, ca. 85 m, steppe, field, river, 27. – 28. iv. 2007, Jiří Hájek leg.; 10 ♂♂ 15 ♀♀ (RCCP), same data but Radek Červenka leg.; 2 ♂♂ 5 ♀♀ (TRCP), same data but Tomáš Růžička leg.; 8 ♂♂ 13 ♀♀ (JSCP), same data but Jan Schneider leg.; 1 ♂ (MHNG), 1 ♂ (SMFD), 1 ♂ (ZMHB), Kortatsch, A. Schatzmayr; 1 ♂ (SOFM), Solun, col. Nedelkow; 1 ♂ (DEIC), Salonick, G. Müller; 1 ♂ (DEIC), Salonicki, Dieck; 1 ♂ (OHCB), Salonicki, Gr., Emge; 3 ♂♂ 1 ♀ (DEIC), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (MNHN), 1 ♂ (OHCB), Salonik; 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (DEIC), Salonik, Bruck; 1 ♂ (NHMB), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (SMFD), Saloniki, Scriba; 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀ (HNHM), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (MNHN), Saloniki; 1 ♂ (HNHM), Saloniki; 1 ♂ (HNHM), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (MNHN), Salonique, Collection Le Moult; 1 ♂ (MNHN), Salonique, Museum Paris, Mission du Vardar; 1 ♂ (MNHN), Salonique, P. Donkier; 1 ♂ (MNHN), Saloniki; 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀ (ZMHB), Saloniki; 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀ (SMTD), Salonicki, Kirsch; 2 ♂♂ (SMTD), Salonicki; 1 ♀ (SMTD), Salonik, Kiesenwetter; 1 ♂ (NLHD), 1 ♂ (SMTD), Saloniki, Macedon; 1 ♀ (SMTD), Salonicki, Müller; 6 ♂♂ 1 ♀ (ZSMC), Saloniky, Kiesenwetter; 9 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ (ZSMC), Saloniky; 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (MNHN), Griechenland, Reitter; 2 ♂♂ (NHMW), Graecia; 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (ZSMC), same data. MACEDONIA: 2 ♂♂ (ZSMC), Veles, 3. iv. [19] 18; 1 ♂ (ZSMC), Veles, 20. iii. [19] 18; 2 ♂♂ (SMFD), Veles, 12. iv. [19] 18; 8 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀ (ZSMC), same data; 14 ♂♂ 6 ♀♀ (ZSMC), Veles, 15. iv. [19] 18; 4 ♂♂ 1 ♀ (ZMHB), Veles, P. Schulze S. G.; 10 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, (ZSMC), Stip, 7. iv. [19] 18; 3 ♂♂ (DEIC), Štip, 15. v. [19] 37, W. Liebmann; 1 ♂ (OHCB), Stip; 5 ♂♂ 1 ♀ (ZSMC), Usküb, 7. iv. [19] 18, Macedon. Exp. [19] 17 – [19] 18; 1 ♂ (ZSMC), Usküb, 2. vii. [19] 18, Macedon. Exp. [19] 17 – [19] 18; 6 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ (ZSMC), Usküb, 12. iv. [19] 18, Macedon. Exp. [19] 17 – [19] 18; 3 ♂♂ (ZSMC), Usküb, Macedon. Exp. [19] 17 – [19] 18; 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (SMFD), Uskub; 1 ♂ (ZMHB), Usküb; 1 ♂ (NHMB), Üsküb; 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (SMFD), same data; 2 ♀♀ (ZSMC), Kalučkovo, Macedon. Exp. [19] 17 – [19] 18; 1 ♂ (ZSMC), Plavuša Planina, Macedon. Exp. [19] 17 – [19] 18; 1 ♂ (ZSMC), Plavuša pl.; 1 ♂ (SMFD), Wodno, 7. iv. [19] 28; 3 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ (VKCS), Nogaevci / Ubogo, 41.62484899 N 21.95277169 E, 216 m a. s. l., 12 – 13. v. 2006, Václav Křivan leg.; 7 ♂♂ 5 ♀♀ (VKCS), Penuš, 10 km SE Štip, 21. v. 2006, 41 ° 42 ′ 02 ″ N 22 ° 06 ′ 53 ″ E, 270 m a. s. l., Václav Křivan leg.; 2 ♂♂ (DEIC), 1 ♂ (MNHN), Keretschkoi, A. Schatzmayr; 1 ♂ (ZFMK), Macedonien, Doiran lake 1 ♂ 3 ♀♀ (NMPC), Skoplje, Petrbok [lgt.]. Not located or imprecisely localized: 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (HNHM), Balkán, coll. E. Friv.; 2 ♂♂ (DEIC), Macedonia; 1 ♂ (ZMHB), Macedonien; 1 ♂ (MNHN), Turcia; 1 ♂ (SMFD), Türk.	en	Král, David, Hillert, Oliver (2013): Three new Lethrus species close to L. raymondi (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae) from the Balkan Peninsula. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 53 (1): 219-244, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740597
03AC5547FFF1DD77FEA7FABBFDC1F98C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnostic characters of males. Total body length 20 – 29 mm. Dorsal surface black, except of moderately shiny pronotum almost alutaceous; ventral surface black with weak blue tinge, moderately shiny. Head (Figs 7, 19, 31, 41). Clypeus transverse, trapezoidal with anterior angles round. Eye canthus exceeding eyes, projecting anterolaterad, almost rectangular, lateral margins divergent posteriad, anterolateral angle round, oblique keel above eyes absent. Pleurostomal process evenly arcuate, hardly exceeding ventrolateral mandibular outline. Punctation of frons double, consisting of coarse, transversally rugose, regularly and densely distributed punctures, intermixed with fine, unevenly irregularly distributed ones; coarse punctures separated by approximately less than their diameter, punctation becoming distinctly sparser posteriad and on occiput; clypeus and eye canthus distinctly rugose. Mandibles in maximally developed (hyperthelic) male with well developed ventral mandibular processes symmetrical, external outline almost semicircular, pointed subapically, in dorsal aspect (Figs 31, 41) with maximum width approximately at middle of mandibular length. Ventral mandibular processes (Figs 7, 20, 41) symmetrical, distinctly longer than horizontal length of mandible; base thickened, not exceeding lateral mandibular outline in dorsal aspect, with strongly concave external outline in basal half in frontal aspect; longitudinal keel on base laterally present, in dorsal aspect straight and distinctly subparallel to lateral mandibular outline, so broad as maximum width of mandibular outline basally; in lateral aspect very weakly arcuate, distinctly subparallel to lateral mandibular outline, divergent gradually basad approximately from middle of its length; anterior subbasal tooth absent; posterior subbasal tooth absent (lateral aspect); inferiobasal tooth present, round; both processes bent inward aproximately middle of mandibular length in frontal view; anterior subapical tooth present, distinctly visible in lateral aspect, distinctly extended in frontal aspect; apical emargination deep; apical tooth sharp, strongly extended apically. Pronotum transverse, distinctly broader than base of elytra, broadest just behind middle; margin entirely bordered, slightly crenulate in anterior parts. Anterior angles not projecting anterolaterad, with evenly arcuate outline; lateral margin approximately straight to round posterior angle; posterior margin straight. Punctation of dorsal surface simple, consisting of deep, sparsely and irregularly distributed punctures; punctures separated by approximately two to four times their diameters discally, surface near lateral margins considerably shagreened and alutaceous. Scutellar shield widely triangular, finely shagreened. Elytra almost semicircular, apices not prominent, each apex forming independent arcus. Epipleuron strongly narrowed apicad, epipleural keel not reaching elytron apex. Whole surface alutaceous, finely transversally rugose; striae not indicated, entirely vanishing in rugosities. Legs. Profemur not armed, protibia with seven to nine gradually diminishing external denticles proximad, and with row of tubercles on ventromedial edge. Aedeagus as in Figs 37 – 38. Variability in males. Mandibular processes in medium developed (Figs 8, 20, 32) and underdeveloped (hypothelic) (Figs 9, 21, 33) males short, more or less straight with only indicated teeth or without them at all, simply round to almost acute apically. Females differ from males as follows: external outline of mandibles almost straight, only in apical quarter rounded in dorsal aspect; ventral mandibular process absent; protibia broader, row of tubercles on ventromedial edge less pronounced.	en	Král, David, Hillert, Oliver (2013): Three new Lethrus species close to L. raymondi (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae) from the Balkan Peninsula. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 53 (1): 219-244, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740597
03AC5547FFF1DD77FEA7FABBFDC1F98C.taxon	diagnosis	Differential diagnosis. For differential diagnosis see character matrix (Table 1).	en	Král, David, Hillert, Oliver (2013): Three new Lethrus species close to L. raymondi (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae) from the Balkan Peninsula. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 53 (1): 219-244, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740597
03AC5547FFF1DD77FEA7FABBFDC1F98C.taxon	discussion	Collecting circumstances. The material collected by the authors was taken on intensively grazed pasture on moderately steep slopes consisting of loess soil (Fig. 49).	en	Král, David, Hillert, Oliver (2013): Three new Lethrus species close to L. raymondi (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae) from the Balkan Peninsula. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 53 (1): 219-244, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740597
03AC5547FFF1DD77FEA7FABBFDC1F98C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Macedonia: basin of the river Vardar (= Axiós) approximately between Skopje and Gevgelija; Greece: left side of the Axiós (= Vardar) river basin (Fig. 45). Precise published records available are as follows: Greece: Thessaloníki (BARAUD 1992, NEDJALKOV 1905, REITTER 1893); Macedonia: Gevgelija, Skopje, Štip, Vodno (BARAUD 1992, MIKŠIĆ 1955, 1959). Records from the Thracian lowlands in Bulgaria – Chirpan, Khaskovo and Stara Zagora by (MIKŠIĆ 1959) or Plovdiv (ANGELOV 1965) concern almost certainly L. schaumii as well as records from ‘ Roumélie’ (BARAUD 1992), ‘ Rumelien’ (BOUCOMONT 1912, WINKLER 1929) or ‘ Vostochnaya Rumeliya [in cyrillic] ’ (SEMENOV- TIAN- SHANSKIJ & MEDVEDEV 1936). Records from ‘ Kleinasien’, ‘ Asia minor’ or ‘ Malaya Aziya [in cyrillic] ’ (cf. BOUCOMONT 1912; REITTER 1890, 1893; SEMENOV- TIAN- SHANSKIJ & MEDVEDEV 1936; WINKLER 1929) concern other species, probably L. rotundicollis.	en	Král, David, Hillert, Oliver (2013): Three new Lethrus species close to L. raymondi (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae) from the Balkan Peninsula. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 53 (1): 219-244, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740597
03AC5547FFF5DD6CFEAAFF7AFDCBFECC.taxon	description	(Figs 10 – 12, 22 – 24, 34 – 36, 42, 46, 50)	en	Král, David, Hillert, Oliver (2013): Three new Lethrus species close to L. raymondi (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae) from the Balkan Peninsula. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 53 (1): 219-244, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740597
03AC5547FFF5DD6CFEAAFF7AFDCBFECC.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Greece, Séres distr., N of Séres (by road to Laíliás), 226 m [a. s. l.], 41 ° 06.630 ′ N 023 ° 33.458 ′ E (Fig. 50). Type material (714 specimens). GREECE: CENTRAL MACEDONIA PROVINCE: HOLOTYPE (♂) and ALLOTYPE (♀) (DKCP), ‘ GR, Serrés distr., 15. iv. 2003 / N of SERRÉS, 226 m / 41 ° 06.630 N 023 ° 33.458 E / [GPS] David Král lgt. [p] ’. PARATYPES: 33 ♂♂ 17 ♀♀ (DKCP), same data; 11 ♂♂ 5 ♀♀ (SJCP), same data but ‘ Radek Dunda lgt. [p] ’; 64 ♂♂ 22 ♀♀ (JSCP), same data but ‘ Jan Schneider lgt. [p] ’; 18 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀ (OHCB), ‘ Greece, (C. Macedonia) / 226 m, N of Serres / N 41 ° 06´63,0 ´´ / E 023 ° 33´45,8 ´´ [GPS] / 15. IV. 2003, leg. O. Hillert [p] ’, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (ARCL), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (DACB), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (DEIC), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (ERCS), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (HKCS), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (JSCB), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (LSCN), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (MHCM), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (NNML), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (SMNS), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (SMTD), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (USCK), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (ZMHB), all same data; 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀ (DKCP), ‘ GR, Serés pr. / 5 km E of Serés / 17.5.2001, lgt. David Král [p] ’; 18 ♂♂ 12 ♀♀ (JSCP), same data but ‘ Jan Schneider lgt. [p] ’; 25 ♂♂ 37 ♀♀ (DKCP), ‘ Greece, Serrés prov. / 5 km E of Serrés / 10. v. 2002, David Král lgt. [p] ’, 3 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀ (JSCP), 4 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀ (OHCB), 3 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀ (SJCP), all same data; 12 ♂♂ 13 ♀♀ (VNCP), same data but ‘ V. Novák lgt. [p] ’; 2 ♀♀ (TRCP), same data but ‘ lgt. T. Růžička [p] ’; 14 ♂♂ 21 ♀♀ (VVCK), same data same data but ‘ Vl. Vrabec lgt. [p] ’; 6 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀ (DKCP), ‘ GR, Seres distr., 12. iv. 2006 / N of SERÉS (road to Lailiás) / 282 m, N 41 ° 07 ’ 47 ’’ E 023 ° 32 ’ 13 ’’ / [GPS], David Král lgt. [p] ’; 2 ♂♂ (RCCP), same data but ‘ Radek Červenka lgt. [p] ’; 4 ♂♂ 1 ♀ (SJCP), same data but ‘ Radek Dunda lgt. [p] ’; 4 ♂♂ (OHCB), same data but ‘ Oliver Hillert lgt. [p] ’; 2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ (DKCP), ‘ GR, Seres distr., 12. iv. 2006 / N of SERÉS (road to Ano Vrontou) / 226 m, N 41 ° 06 ’ 63 ’’ E 023 ° 33 ’ 46 ’’ / [GPS], David Král lgt. [p] ’; 15 ♂♂ 9 ♀♀ (RCCP), same data but ‘ Radek Červenka lgt. [p] ’; 5 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀ (SJCP), same data but ‘ Radek Dunda lgt. [p] ’; 10 ♂♂ 5 ♀♀ (OHCB), same data but ‘ Oliver Hillert lgt. [p] ’, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (GNCA), 1 ♂ (NNML), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (RPCM), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (SZCM), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (TBCP), 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (VMCP), all same data; 21 ♂♂ 19 ♀♀ (NMPC), ‘ GREECE – SERRES / ca. 3 km N SERRES / 41 ° 07.4 ’ N, 23 ° 33.5 ’ E; ca. 250 m / (field, pasture - steppe) / Jiří Hájek leg. 26. IV. 2007 [p] ’; 20 ♂♂ 12 ♀♀ (TRCP), same data but ‘ Tomáš Růžička lgt. [p] ’; 43 ♂♂ 32 ♀♀ (JSCP), same data but ‘ Jan Schneider lgt. [p] ’; 23 ♂♂ 13 ♀♀ (RCCP), ‘ GR bor. MACEDONIA / SERRES distr. 26.4. 2007 / ca. 3 km N Serres (by rd. to Ano Vrontou) / 41 ° 07.4 ’ N, 23 ° 33.5 ’ E; ca. 250 m (field, pasture / - steppe) R. Červenka lgt. [p] ’; 13 ♂♂ 8 ♀♀ (RCCP), ‘ GR bor. MACEDONIA, SERRES distr. 26.4. 2007, ca. 4 km N Serres (by rd. to Lailias), R. Červenka lgt. [p] ’; 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (DKCP), ‘ GR, C Macedonia, Serres dist., 21. iv. / SERRES, 41 ° 07.50 ’ N 23 ° 32.15 ’ E / D. Král, D. Drožová, H. Podskalská / P. Šípek & A. Venderová lgt., 2009 [p] ’; 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (DKCP), ‘ GR, C Macedonia, Serres dist., 21. iv. / SERRES, 41 ° 06.61 ’ N 23 ° 33.45 ’ E / D. Král, D. Drožová, H. Podskalská / P. Šípek & A. Venderová lgt., 2009 [p] ’; 52 ♂♂ 50 ♀♀ (OHCB), ‘ GR, Seres distr. / 12. iv. 2011, N of SERÉS (road to Lailiás) / O. Hillert lgt. [p] ’. Additional material examined (341 specimens). GREECE: CENTRAL MACEDONIA PROVINCE: 10 ♂♂ 8 ♀♀ (DKCP), NW of Neo Petrítsi, 41 ° 16.759 ′ N 023 ° 18.656 ′ E, 98 m, 15. iv. 2003, David Král leg.; 6 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀ (SJCP), same data but Radek Dunda leg.; 10 ♂♂ 6 ♀♀ (JSCP), same data but Jan Schneider leg.; 8 ♂♂ 7 ♀♀ (OHCB), S slope of Mt. Kerkini, Neo Petritsi, 41 ° 16 ′ 75.9 ″ N 023 ° 18 ′ 65.6 ″ E, 98 m, 15. iv. 2003, O. Hillert leg.; 12 ♂♂ 12 ♀♀ (DKCP), NW of Neo Petritsi env., 41 ° 16 ′ 23 ″ N 23 ° 21 ′ 59 ″ E, 98 m, 11. iv. 2006, David Král leg.; 9 ♂♂ 11 ♀♀ (RCCP), same data but Radek Červenka leg.; 2 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀ (SJCP), same data but Radek Dunda leg.; 5 ♂♂ 1 ♀ (OHCB), same data but Oliver Hillert leg.; 8 ♂♂ 7 ♀♀ (DKCP), Kefalohóri env., 41 ° 02 ′ 42 ″ N 23 ° 17 ′ 58 ″ E, 110 m, 19. iv. 2005, David Král leg.; 7 ♂♂ 5 ♀♀ (JSCP), same data but Jan Schneider leg.; 10 ♂♂ 8 ♀♀ (OHCB), same data but Oliver Hillert leg.; 2 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀ (DKCP), Néa Máditos env., 40 ° 37 ′ 12 ″ N 23 ° 30 ′ 30 ″ E, 120 m, 23. iv. 2005, David Král leg.; 4 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀ (JSCP), same data but Jan Schneider leg.; 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (OHCB), same data but Oliver Hillert leg.; 10 ♂♂ 10 ♀♀ (LNCB), Mts. Kerkini, Petrici, 41 ° 16.959 ′ N 023 ° 19.441 ′ E, 80 m, 8. iv. 2007, László Nádai leg.; 3 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀ (LNCB), Mts. Kerkini, Petrici, 41 ° 16.959 ′ N 23 ° 19.441 ′ E, 80 m, 14. iv. 2007, László Nádai leg.; 2 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀ (NMPC), Therma env., thermal springs, 40 ° 53.6 ′ N, 23 ° 33.0 ′ E, ca. 70 m, pools near the river; steppe, 26. – 27. iv. 2007, Jiří Hájek leg.; 6 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀ (TRCP), same data but Tomáš Růžička leg.; 7 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ (JSCP), same data but Jan Schneider leg.; 1 ♂ 3 ♀♀ (VRCH), Petrici, 41 ° 18 ′ 47 ″ N, 23 ° 20 ′ 16 ″ E, 27. – 29. v. 2008, Vladislav Řebíček leg.; 9 ♂♂ 7 ♀♀ (VRCH), Petrici, 41 ° 18 ′ 47 ″ N 23 ° 20 ′ 16 ″ E, 28. – 29. iv. 2009, Vladislav Řebíček leg.; 7 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀ (JRCO), same data but Jaroslav Ryšánek leg.; 4 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ (MTCK), same data but Miloslav Turčín leg.; 2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ (RECJ), same data but Richard Erben leg.; 13 spec. (IBCF), Gazoros env., 41 ° 01 ′ 54 ″ N 23 ° 46 ′ 32 ″ E, ca. 110 m, 4. v. 2009, Ivo Boščík leg.; 9 spec. (LBCB), same data but Lukáš Bureš leg.; 5 ♂♂ 1 ♀ (PPCB), 2 ♂♂ (DKCP), same data but Pavel Průdek leg.; 14 spec. (PVCP), same data but Petr Včelička leg.; 25 ♂♂ 7 ♀♀ (OHCB), S slope of Mt. Kerkini, Neo Petritsi, 12. iv. 2011, O. Hillert leg.	en	Král, David, Hillert, Oliver (2013): Three new Lethrus species close to L. raymondi (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae) from the Balkan Peninsula. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 53 (1): 219-244, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740597
03AC5547FFF5DD6CFEAAFF7AFDCBFECC.taxon	description	Description of holotype. Maximally developed (hyperthelic) male with well developed ventral mandibular processes. Total body length 28 mm. Oblong, strongly convex; dorsal surface black, except moderately shiny pronotum almost alutaceous; ventral surface black with fine blue tinge, moderately shiny, claws black-brown; setation black. Head (Figs 10, 22, 34, 42). Labrum bilobed, asymmetrical, right lobe remarkably more developed; surface rugosely and coarsely, shallowly and sparsely punctate, each puncture bearing short recumbent macroseta; anterior margin with dense row of long macrosetae. Clypeus transverse, trapezoidal with anterior angles round. Frontal impressions vague, frontal tubercles indistinct. Frontoclypeal suture present only laterally; keels separating eye canthus from frons only slightly developed but distinct, slightly divergent posteriad. Eye canthus exceeding eyes, projecting anterolaterad, almost rectangular, lateral margins divergent posteriad, anterolateral angle round, oblique keel above eyes absent. Pleurostomal process evenly arcuate, hardly exceeding ventrolateral mandibular outline. Punctation of frons double, consisting of coarse, transversally rugose and densely distributed punctures, intermixed with fine, irregularly distributed ones; coarse punctures separated by approximately less than their diameter, punctation becoming distinctly sparser posteriad and on occiput; clypeus and eye canthus distinctly rugose. Mandibles symmetrical, external outline pointed subapically, in dorsal aspect obogival (Figs 34, 42), maximum width at anterior third of mandibular length. Ventral mandibular processes (Figs 10, 22, 42) symmetrical, distinctly longer than length of mandible; base thickened, not exceeding lateral mandibular outline in dorsal aspect, with approximately straight external outline in basal third in frontal aspect; longitudinal keel on base laterally present, in dorsal aspect straight and approximately parallel to lateral mandibular outline, not as broad as maximum width of mandibular outline basally; in lateral aspect very weakly arcuate, approximately parallel to lateral mandibular outline; anterior subbasal tooth absent; posterior subbasal tooth absent (lateral aspect); inferiobasal tooth absent; both processes bent inward approximately in basal third of mandibular length in frontal view; anterior subapical tooth present, visible in lateral aspect, distinctly extended in frontal aspect; apical emargination present; apical tooth simply round, not extended apically. Pronotum transverse, distinctly broader than base of elytra, broadest just behind middle; margin entirely bordered, slightly crenulate in anterior parts. Anterior angles not projecting anterolaterad, with evenly arcuate outline; lateral margin approximately straight to round posterior angle; posterior margin straight. Punctation of dorsal surface simple, consisting of deep, sparsely and irregularly distributed punctures; punctures separated by approximately two to four their diameters discally, surface near lateral margins considerably shagreened and alutaceous. Scutellar shield widely triangular, finely shagreened. Elytra almost semicircular, apices not prominent, each apex forming independent arcus. Epipleuron strongly narrowed apicad, epipleural keel not reaching elytron apex. Whole surface alutaceous, finely transversally rugose; striae not indicated, entirely vanishing in rugosities. Legs. Profemur not armed, protibia with nine gradually diminishing external denticles proximad, and with row of tubercles on ventromedial edge. Aedeagus of typical shape of species closely related to L. raymondi (see Figs 37 – 38). Variability in males. Body length 20 – 28 mm. Mandibular processes in medium developed (Figs 11, 23, 35) and underdeveloped (hypothelic) males (Figs 12, 24, 36) short, more or less straight with only indicated teeth or entirely without them, simply round to almost acute apically. Females (body length 19 – 28 mm, allotype 28 mm) differ from males as follows: external outline of mandibles almost straight, in apical quarter round in dorsal aspect; ventral mandibular process absent; protibia broader, row of tubercles on ventromedial edge less pronounced.	en	Král, David, Hillert, Oliver (2013): Three new Lethrus species close to L. raymondi (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae) from the Balkan Peninsula. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 53 (1): 219-244, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740597
03AC5547FFF5DD6CFEAAFF7AFDCBFECC.taxon	diagnosis	Differential diagnosis. For differential diagnosis see the character matrix (Table 1).	en	Král, David, Hillert, Oliver (2013): Three new Lethrus species close to L. raymondi (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae) from the Balkan Peninsula. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 53 (1): 219-244, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740597
03AC5547FFF5DD6CFEAAFF7AFDCBFECC.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Derived from the area of origin for the new species, the Strymónas (Στρυμόνας) river.	en	Král, David, Hillert, Oliver (2013): Three new Lethrus species close to L. raymondi (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae) from the Balkan Peninsula. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 53 (1): 219-244, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740597
03AC5547FFF5DD6CFEAAFF7AFDCBFECC.taxon	discussion	Collecting circumstances. The type series was collected on an uncultivated field and adjacent partially abandoned vineyard and surrounding sparse pine forest with shrubs. The substrate consisted of a relatively deep layer of loess soil (Fig. 50).	en	Král, David, Hillert, Oliver (2013): Three new Lethrus species close to L. raymondi (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae) from the Balkan Peninsula. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 53 (1): 219-244, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740597
03AC5547FFF5DD6CFEAAFF7AFDCBFECC.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Greece: the Strymónas river basin south of the defile between the Kerkíni and the Orvilos mountain ranges (Fig. 46).	en	Král, David, Hillert, Oliver (2013): Three new Lethrus species close to L. raymondi (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae) from the Balkan Peninsula. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 53 (1): 219-244, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5740597
