taxonID	type	description	language	source
03FF87B3FFB74B54FF54AFDD81D1C1C7.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Carapace smooth or spinose. Rostrum spine-like, narrow, slightly shorter to slightly longer than eyestalks, slightly depressed, continuous with lateral carinae laterally denticulate; supraocular spines short; gastric carinae spinose, lateral gastric carina converging anteriorly on supraocular spines; postcervical carina present. Pleonal 1 pleuron acute (or obtuse), margin dentate; pleuron 2 broad, less rounded anteriorly and posteriorly, ventral margin truncate, margins dentate or smooth; posterior margins of pleura 3 – 5 angular to almost straight, dentate or smooth; pleonal 1 – 5 terga and pleura separated by weak longitudinal carinae. Eyestalk cylindrical, articulating; cornea pigmented. Antennal scaphocerite short, gently curved, with mesial spine at base; distal spine on antennal article 2 directed anteriorly (or anteromesially) and acute. Maxilliped 3 exopod not clearly bent at base of flagellum. Pleurobranchs absent; podobranchs and arthrobranchs well developed; epipods present on maxilliped 2 to P 4. P 1 unequal or subequal, asymmetrical, with propodus subcylindrical; carpus-dactylus upper margins prominently spinose (or unarmed). P 3 – 5 propodi with (or without) transverse rows of robust setae; dactyli tapering, with or without longitudinal row of robust setae. Pleopods 3 – 5 appendix interna present. Male pleopod 1 present; pleopod 2 with appendix masculina. Uropodal exopod with transverse suture. Telson with lateral fixed spines, posterolateral robust setae absent (or present); apex truncate-rounded to nearly straight (Sakai 2011; Poore 2020).	en	Padate, Vinay P., Cubelio, Sherine Sonia, Takeda, Masatsune (2022): Two axiidean ghost shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda) from India, Guyanacaris keralam sp. nov. (Axiidae) and Paragourretia galathea (K. Sakai, 2017) (Ctenochelidae). Zootaxa 5093 (2): 195-217, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5093.2.4
03FF87B3FFB34B5BFF54ABA28607C7AB.taxon	description	(Figs 2 – 5) urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 6 FE 055 EC- 2 D 4 E- 46 C 7 - 80 ED- 4 C 30 F 540 F 940	en	Padate, Vinay P., Cubelio, Sherine Sonia, Takeda, Masatsune (2022): Two axiidean ghost shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda) from India, Guyanacaris keralam sp. nov. (Axiidae) and Paragourretia galathea (K. Sakai, 2017) (Ctenochelidae). Zootaxa 5093 (2): 195-217, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5093.2.4
03FF87B3FFB34B5BFF54ABA28607C7AB.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype. Male (CMLRE / IO / SS / AXI / 00001, CL 50.0 mm, TL 119.0 mm), Arabian Sea, west off Kasaragod, Kerala, India, FORVSS station 31810, 12.10 ° N, 74.32 ° E, 316 – 326 m depth, 26 August 2013, Expo model trawl, coll. Dr. Rajool Shanis C. P.	en	Padate, Vinay P., Cubelio, Sherine Sonia, Takeda, Masatsune (2022): Two axiidean ghost shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda) from India, Guyanacaris keralam sp. nov. (Axiidae) and Paragourretia galathea (K. Sakai, 2017) (Ctenochelidae). Zootaxa 5093 (2): 195-217, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5093.2.4
03FF87B3FFB34B5BFF54ABA28607C7AB.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Rostrum with 4 or 5 lateral spines. Lateral gastric carina with 5 spines; submedian gastric carina with 6 spines; median gastric carina with 3 anterior spines, 1 tubercle and 4 posterior spines. Eyestalk short of midlength of rostrum. Antennular peduncle not reaching to distal margin of antennal article 4. Antennal article 4 longer than article 2, scaphocerite overreaching midlength of article 4. Chelipeds subequal, major P 1 dactylus with 6 erect dorsal spines, minor P 1 dactylus with 5 erect dorsal spines; fingers at least 3 times palm length. P 3 – 4 propodi and dactyli with corneous movable spines.	en	Padate, Vinay P., Cubelio, Sherine Sonia, Takeda, Masatsune (2022): Two axiidean ghost shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda) from India, Guyanacaris keralam sp. nov. (Axiidae) and Paragourretia galathea (K. Sakai, 2017) (Ctenochelidae). Zootaxa 5093 (2): 195-217, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5093.2.4
03FF87B3FFB34B5BFF54ABA28607C7AB.taxon	description	Description of holotype. Carapace minutely granular, sparsely setose (Figs 1 A, C, 2 A, B). Rostrum acute, 0.19 times post-rostral carapace length, 0.45 times length of front-to-cervical groove, acute, short of base of distalmost antennular article, and midlength of penultimate antennal article (article 4), bearing 4 lateral spines on the right margin, 5 lateral spines on the left margin anterior to supraocular spine, weakly continuous with lateral gastric carinae (Figs 1 A, C, 2 A, B, D). Supraocular spine slightly shorter than rostral spines, anterolateral margin with 1 antennal spine. Lateral gastric carina bearing 5 spines; submedian gastric carina bearing 6 spines; median gastric carina bearing 3 anterior spines, 1 tubercle and 4 posterior spines; cervical groove distinct, extending anteriorly up to hepatic region, unarmed; post-cervical and branchiostegal regions unarmed, low median longitudinal post-cervical carina present (Figs 1 A, C, 2 A, B, D). Thoracic sternite 7 (P 4) deeply divided in midline over posterior two-thirds, bearing sharp oblique lateral ridge; sternite 8 (P 5) with setose semicircular flap on anterior face at base of P 5 (Figs 1 B, 2 C). Pleonal 1 pleuron twice as deep as middorsal length, bearing 1 ventral spine; pleuron 2 broad, lateral length 1.6 times dorsal length, gently convex anteroventrally, bearing 13 marginal spines ventrally; pleura 3 – 5 ventrally subquadrate, posterior margins almost straight, pleura 3 – 4 bearing 6 marginal spines each, pleuron 5 bearing 5 marginal spines; pleuron 6 bluntly triangular, bearing 1 ventral spine (Figs 1 A, C, 2 A); pleura 1 – 5 with lateral crease (Figs 1 C, 2 A). Ocular peduncle 0.46 times rostral length; cornea lightly pigmented (Fig. 2 B, D). Antennular peduncle not reaching to distal margin of penultimate antennal article (article 4) (Fig. 2 B, D, E, F). Antennal article 1 bearing 1 spine on distoventral margin, ventral margin with 1 row of blunt spinules; article 2 distal spine (stylocerite) slender, directed anteriorly, short of midlength of antennal article 4; scaphocerite gently curved, overreaching midlength of article 4, bearing mesial spine at base; article 3 with broad mesiodistal spine on ventral margin; article 4 length 1.40 times length of article 2 (excluding distal spine); article 5 0.46 times length of article 4 (Fig. 2 B, D, E, F). Pleurobranch gills absent; well-developed epipods and podobranch gills on maxillipeds 2 – 3 and pereopods 1 – 4; 2 arthrobranch gills each on maxilliped 3 and pereopods 1 – 4. Maxilliped 3 coxa bearing 1 spine; basis bearing 1 spine; ischium ventral margin bearing 3 spines, crista dentata with 17 – 21 teeth (Fig. 2 G); right merus ventral margin bearing 4 spines (Fig. 3 G), left merus with 3 spines; right carpus ventral margin bearing 1 subdistal spine, left carpus spine damaged; exopod with well-developed flagellum, reaching distal end of merus (Fig. 2 H). Chelipeds (PI) subequal in length, propodus of right P 1 slightly more swollen, ornamentation slightly dissimilar. Major (right) P 1 coxa bearing 1 curved spine proximally, 2 spines distally on ventral margin, lateral margin bearing 1 spine and 3 spinules; basis ventral surface bearing 1 spine, terminal spine on lateral margin behind ischial articulation; ischium ventral margin bearing 2 rows of 3 – 5 spines (Fig. 3 A, B); merus dorsal margin bearing 5 spines, anterior 2 forming 1 pair with spinule at carpal articulation, outer ventral margin bearing 10 small spines and 8 spinules, inner ventral margin bearing 5 large spines, distoventral lobule with large hook-like spine, lateral surface sparsely spinose distally, mesial surface smooth (Fig. 3 A, B); carpus dorsal surface bearing 3 spines, lateral surface bearing 12 spinules including 2 on distal margin, mesial surface bearing 1 pair of blunt spinules distally, ventral margin bearing 3 spinules distally (Fig. 3 A, B); propodus dorsal margin bearing 2 irregular rows of 3 – 5 spines, ventral margin bearing 13 spines in lateral row, mesial surface inflated (Fig. 1 B), bearing 13 spines (anterior largest), pollex (fixed finger) inner surface bearing 5 spines dorsally, lateral surface sparsely spinose, 2 irregular rows of 3 spines each proximally; pollex 3.00 times as long as upper palm, cutting edge straight with 30 bluntly triangular teeth (Fig. 3 A, B); dactylus dorsal margin with 6 spines, lateral and mesial surfaces unarmed, cutting edge bearing 30 bluntly triangular teeth (Fig. 4 A, B); both fingers heavily setose (Fig. 1 A, B, C). Minor (left) P 1 coxa bearing 1 curved spine proximally, 2 spines distally on ventral margin, lateral margin bearing 1 spine and 3 spinules; basis ventral surface bearing 1 spine, terminal spine on lateral margin behind ischial articulation; ischium ventral margin bearing 2 rows of 3 – 5 spines; merus dorsal margin bearing 5 spines, 1 spinule at carpal articulation, outer ventral margin bearing 9 small spines and 8 spinules, inner ventral margin bearing 4 large spines, distoventral lobule with large hook-like spine, lateral surface sparsely spinose distally, mesial surface smooth; carpus dorsal surface bearing 2 spines, lateral surface bearing 11 spinules including 2 on distal margin, mesial surface bearing 1 pair of blunt spinules distally, ventral margin bearing 2 spinules distally; propodus dorsal margin bearing 2 irregular rows of 3 – 4 spines, ventral margin bearing 14 spines in lateral row, mesial surface gently inflated (Fig. 1 B), bearing 10 spines (anterior largest), pollex (fixed finger) inner surface bearing 3 spines dorsally, lateral surface sparsely spinose, 2 oblique rows of spines proximally, 2 spines in upper row, 5 spines in lower row; pollex 3.20 times as long as upper palm, cutting edge straight with approximately 29 bluntly triangular teeth (Fig. 3 C, D); dactylus dorsal margin with 5 spines, lateral and mesial surfaces unarmed, cutting edge bearing 33 bluntly triangular teeth (Fig. 4 C, D); both fingers heavily setose (Fig. 1 A, B, C). P 2 ischium bearing 1 large subdistal and 4 proximal spinules ventrally; merus bearing 1 large subdistal and 2 smaller proximal spines ventrally; carpus 0.78 times as long as chela; propodus upper margin 0.77 length of dactylus (Fig. 4 A), fingers bearing pectinate teeth on cutting margins (Fig. 4 A, B). P 3 ischium bearing 5 proximal spinules ventrally; merus bearing 1 distoventral spine; propodus 1.22 times as long as dactylus, lateral surface bearing transverse sets of corneous spines (Fig. 4 C); dactylus curved, lateral surface bearing 2 rows of 5 – 10 corneous spines, distal tip corneous, tapering to a claw (Fig. 4 C, D). P 4 ischium bearing 5 proximal spinules ventrally; merus bearing 1 distoventral spine; propodus 3.04 times as long as dactylus, lateral surface bearing transverse sets of corneous spines (Fig. 4 E); dactylus curved, lateral surface bearing 2 rows of 6 – 11 corneous movable spines, distal tip corneous, tapering to a claw (Fig. 4 E, F). P 5 propodus 2.55 times as long as dactylus, subchelate, with short fixed finger (Fig. 4 G); dactylus unarmed, heavily setose proximally, distal tip corneous (Fig. 4 G, H). Pleopod 1 present, bearing 2 long setae distally (Fig. 4 I). Pleopod 2 endopod bearing appendix masculina and appendix interna attached at proximal one-thirds portion, appendix interna 0.33 times length of endopod, subequal to appendix masculina (Fig. 4 J). Pleopods 3 – 5 appendix interna 0.36 times length of endopod. Telson 1.31 times as long as broad, lateral margin bearing 3 spines in the middle third portion, 1 spine in the posterior third portion, posterior margin broadly convex, densely setose with posteromedian spine, posterolateral angle unarmed; dorsal surface with 1 pair of submedian subcircular depressions anteriorly, 2 spines in each oblique row (Fig. 4 K). Uropodal endopod 1.06 times as long as wide, with 3 lateral spines, longitudinal ridge bearing 5 spines. Uropodal exopod 1.34 times as long as wide, with 3 lateral spines, dorsal surface bearing 2 longitudinal ribs, inner rib unarmed, outer rib with 2 spines, posterolateral angle with 1 fixed spine; transverse suture with 9 spines (Fig. 4 K). Preserved colouration (in formalin for 7 years and recently transferred to 70 % ethanol) is brown with dark yellow setae; PI chelae and carpi light grey (Fig. 1 A, B, C).	en	Padate, Vinay P., Cubelio, Sherine Sonia, Takeda, Masatsune (2022): Two axiidean ghost shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda) from India, Guyanacaris keralam sp. nov. (Axiidae) and Paragourretia galathea (K. Sakai, 2017) (Ctenochelidae). Zootaxa 5093 (2): 195-217, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5093.2.4
03FF87B3FFB34B5BFF54ABA28607C7AB.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species name is derived from the vernacular Malayalam word “ Keralam ” denoting the southwestern Indian state of Kerala; used as noun in apposition.	en	Padate, Vinay P., Cubelio, Sherine Sonia, Takeda, Masatsune (2022): Two axiidean ghost shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda) from India, Guyanacaris keralam sp. nov. (Axiidae) and Paragourretia galathea (K. Sakai, 2017) (Ctenochelidae). Zootaxa 5093 (2): 195-217, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5093.2.4
03FF87B3FFB34B5BFF54ABA28607C7AB.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Poore & Collins (2009) commented that Calocaris (Calastacus) hirsutimana Boesch & Smalley, 1972, Axiopsis (Axiopsis) caespitosa Squires, 1979 referred to Acanthaxius by Sakai and de Saint Laurent (1989), and Acanthaxius polychaetes Sakai, 1994, differed from the typical Acanthaxius in the presence of male pleopod 1, absence of prominent supraocular spine, comparatively more compact propodus on the major cheliped with few lateral spines, and presence of prominent lateral spine on the telson; additionally, Acanthaxius spinulicauda (Rathbun, 1902) reportedly differed from the type species A. pilocheira K. Sakai, 1987 in possessing a less spinose carapace. They further suggested the creation of new genera to accommodate these species. Sakai (2011) retained A. spinosissima in Acanthaxius due to the absence of male pleopod 1. He erected a new genus, Guyanacaris, for C. hirsutimana (as type species) and A. caespitosa, owing to an elongate, forwardly directed antennal scaphocerite and the presence of uniramous, bisegmented male pleopod 1. He erected another genus, Bruceaxius K. Sakai, 2011, for A. polychaetes (as type species), owing to the presence of uniramous, bisegmented male pleopod 1, with a digitiform distal segment, carapace with anterolateral spine and postcervical carina, P 1 chela with unarmed dorsal margin and thickly setose lateral surfaces, fingers of larger cheliped shorter than palm, those of smaller cheliped distinctly longer than palm, and pleonal 1 – 5 tergites and pleura separated by longitudinal carina. Moreover, he transferred A. spinulicauda to another genus Leonardsaxius K. Sakai, 2011, owing to smooth submedian and lateral gastric carinae on the carapace. Dworschak (2013) and Dworschak and Poore (2018) recognized Guyanacaris for G. hirsutimana and G. caespitosa. Moreover, Dworschak and Poore (2018) considered Sakai’s (2011) definition of Guyanacaris to be weak. Sakai (2015) described a second species of Bruceaxius, B. thailandensis. Poore (2020) commented that A. polychaetes K. Sakai, 1994 and A. spinosissima (Rathbun, 1906) probably belonged to Guyanacaris owing to the presence of multi-spinate lateral gastric carinae converging anteriorly on small supraocular spines, and a mesial spine at the base of scaphocerite. If A. polychaetes, type species of Bruceaxius, is considered to be a Guyanacaris, then Bruceaxius should be considered to be a synonym of Guyanacaris. With regards to B. thailandensis, it was noted that the line illustration of the antennal peduncle (Sakai 2015: Fig. 3 A) did not clearly indicate the presence of a mesial spine at the base of scaphocerite. In view of this, it is herein considered that B. thailandensis differs from the typical Guyanacaris in the absence of a mesial spine at the base of scaphocerite, major P 1 carpus, propodus and dactylus with tuberculate upper margins, male pleopod 2 with tri-segmented appendix masculina (Table 2). It is therefore suggested that this species may be tentatively retained in Bruceaxius. ...... continued on the next page ...... continued on the next page ...... continued on the next page In view of this, Guyanacaris K. Sakai, 2011, is presently considered to represent 5 species — G. caespitosa (Squires, 1979), G. hirsutimana (Boesch & Smalley, 1972), G. keralam sp. nov., G. polychaetes (K. Sakai, 1994) and G. spinosissima (Rathbun, 1906), with known geographical distribution in the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific Oceans. This genus differs from Acanthaxius Sakai & de Saint Laurent, 1989, in having short supraocular spine, the presence of post-cervical carina on the carapace, dentate margins of pleura 1 – 2, angular to almost straight posterior margins of pleura 3 – 5, scaphocerite with mesial spine at base, and the presence of male pleopod 1 (Sakai 2011; Poore 2020; present study). Morphological comparisons among the species of Guyanacaris and Bruceaxius are provided in Table 2.	en	Padate, Vinay P., Cubelio, Sherine Sonia, Takeda, Masatsune (2022): Two axiidean ghost shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda) from India, Guyanacaris keralam sp. nov. (Axiidae) and Paragourretia galathea (K. Sakai, 2017) (Ctenochelidae). Zootaxa 5093 (2): 195-217, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5093.2.4
03FF87B3FFB34B5BFF54ABA28607C7AB.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Southeastern Arabian Sea, India — 326 m.	en	Padate, Vinay P., Cubelio, Sherine Sonia, Takeda, Masatsune (2022): Two axiidean ghost shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda) from India, Guyanacaris keralam sp. nov. (Axiidae) and Paragourretia galathea (K. Sakai, 2017) (Ctenochelidae). Zootaxa 5093 (2): 195-217, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5093.2.4
03FF87B3FFB84B47FF54A80D869DC5DF.taxon	description	(Figs 5 – 7)	en	Padate, Vinay P., Cubelio, Sherine Sonia, Takeda, Masatsune (2022): Two axiidean ghost shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda) from India, Guyanacaris keralam sp. nov. (Axiidae) and Paragourretia galathea (K. Sakai, 2017) (Ctenochelidae). Zootaxa 5093 (2): 195-217, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5093.2.4
03FF87B3FFB84B47FF54A80D869DC5DF.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Male (CMLRE / IO / SS / AXI / 00002, CL 8.5 mm, TL 25.6 mm), Arabian Sea, west off Koyilandi (Quilon), Kerala, India, FORVSS station 34013, 11.36 ºN, 74.91 ºE, 100 m depth, 25 May 2015, Naturalist’s dredge, coll. Dr. K. U. Abdul Jaleel; male (CMLRE / IO / SS / AXI / 00003, CL 9.0 mm, TL 29.0 mm), Arabian Sea, west off Panaji, Goa, India, FORVSS station 34003, 15.47 ºN, 73.07 ºE, 105 m depth, 22 May 2015, Naturalist’s dredge, coll. Dr. K. U. Abdul Jaleel.	en	Padate, Vinay P., Cubelio, Sherine Sonia, Takeda, Masatsune (2022): Two axiidean ghost shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda) from India, Guyanacaris keralam sp. nov. (Axiidae) and Paragourretia galathea (K. Sakai, 2017) (Ctenochelidae). Zootaxa 5093 (2): 195-217, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5093.2.4
03FF87B3FFB84B47FF54A80D869DC5DF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Rostrum triangular, distal tip short of distal margin of ocular lobes (Figs 5 A – B, 6 A – D). Carapace smooth, unarmed; dorsal oval absent; cervical groove located in posterior third portion of carapace; linea thalassinica entire, cardiac prominence present (Figs 5 A – B, 6 A – B, D). Pleomeres smooth, glabrous dorsally; pleomeres 1 – 2 relatively longer than pleomeres 3 – 5; pleomere 6 subquadrate dorsally; pleomeres 3 – 6 pleural margins convex (Figs 5 A – B, 6 D). Ocular lobes triangular, dorsal surface gently convex, directed obliquely downwards; distal tip obtuse, extending to midlength of basal antennular article; cornea distal, darkly pigmented (Fig. 6 A – C). Antennular peduncle shorter than antennal peduncle by length of distal antennular article, terminal article slightly longer than penultimate article (Fig. 6 A – C). Scaphocerite small, triangular; terminal article shorter than penultimate one (Fig. 6 A – C). Maxilliped 3 endopodal ischium sub-rectangular, unarmed (Fig. 6 E), crista dentata with 15 teeth and 4 minute denticles (Fig. 6 F); merus sub-rectangular, bearing 1 spine mesiodistally; carpus narrow proximally, ventral margin widened distally, unarmed; propodus subovate, ventral margin widened proximally; dactylus digitiform; exopod short, flagellum not reaching base of endopodal merus, bearing long distal setae (Fig. 6 E). P 1 unequal, dissimilar. Major (right) cheliped ischium elongate, dorsal margin convex distally, ventral margin bearing 1 distinct subdistal denticle; merus deeper than ischium, dorsal margin gently convex, ventral margin bearing 1 sharp tooth proximally, distal portion rough, blade-like. Carpus posteroventral angle convex, rough, blade-like, carpal margins bearing long setae. Chela dorsal margin smooth, ventral margin up to proximal portion of pollex rough, blade-like, both margins bearing long setae; dactylus gently curved, dactylar occlusal margin with high sharp ridge in proximal half, that of pollex finely denticulate proximally, distal portions of both fingers smooth, unarmed, distal tips crossed in closed position (Fig. 7 A). Minor (left) cheliped slender; ischium slender, dorsal margin convex distally, margins unarmed; merus deeper than ischium, dorsal margin gently convex, ventral margin bearing 1 sharp tooth proximally, distal portion rough, blade-like. Carpus posteroventral angle convex, rough, blade-like, margins bearing long setae. Chela dorsal margin smooth, ventral margin up to proximal portion of pollex rough, blade-like, both margins bearing long setae; dactylus elongate, distal one-third portion gently curved, evenly tapering, occlusal margin of both fingers unarmed, distal tips crossed in closed position (Fig. 7 B). P 2 chelate, ischial ventral margin protruding distally; meral ventral margin convex bearing closely-set long setae; carpal height subequal to that of merus; chela margins bearing long setae; dactylus elongate, tapering, distal tip curved, occlusal margin unarmed, fingers crossed in closed position (Fig. 7 C). P 3 simple; ischial ventral margin protruding distally; meral dorsal margin convex in distal half; carpal distal margin bearing long setae; propodus elongate, dorsal margin gently convex, ventral margin nearly straight, all surfaces and margins bearing setal tufts; dactylus slender, triangular (Fig. 7 D). P 4 simple; merus slender; carpus slender; propodus subovate, bearing closelyset setal tufts on all surfaces and margins; dactylus slender, triangular (Fig. 7 E). P 5 sub-chelate; acute disto-ventral extension of propodus forming sub-chela with dactylus; dactylus narrow, dorsal margin convex, ventral margin distinctly concave, distal tip blunt (Fig. 7 F). Male pleopod 1 uniramous, bi-articulate; proximal article longer than distal article; distal article widened and chelate distally, curved acute apex and broadly triangular subdistal lobe separated by deep notch (Fig. 7 G, J). Pleopod 2 endopod bearing appendix masculina and appendix interna attached at distal one-thirds portion (Fig. 7 H, K). Pleopods 3 – 5 exopods shorter than ovate endopods, appendices internae slender. Telson trapezoid, lateral margins parallel along anterior two-fifths portion, gently tapering distally, distal margin broadly convex, setose, bearing acuminate median spine; dorsal surface with median longitudinal groove (Fig. 7 I). Uropodal endopod subquadrate, convex distally, dorsal surface bearing low median ridge (Fig. 7 I). Uropodal exopod bearing blunt spinule proximally, broadly expanded distally, dorsal surface bearing transverse elevation medially divided by groove, lateral notch present (Fig. 7 I). Colouration (preserved in formalin for six years and recently transferred to 70 % ethanol) is off-white (Fig. 5 A – B).	en	Padate, Vinay P., Cubelio, Sherine Sonia, Takeda, Masatsune (2022): Two axiidean ghost shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda) from India, Guyanacaris keralam sp. nov. (Axiidae) and Paragourretia galathea (K. Sakai, 2017) (Ctenochelidae). Zootaxa 5093 (2): 195-217, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5093.2.4
03FF87B3FFB84B47FF54A80D869DC5DF.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Ghost shrimps of the genus Paragourretia K. Sakai, 2004 resemble those of the genus Gourretia de Saint Laurent, 1973, but clearly differ from the latter in the absence of teeth on the occlusal margin of the minor cheliped fingers, tapering lower proximal margin of the major cheliped carpus, the presence of marginal notch and dorsal plate on the uropodal exopod, and the mesial position of the appendices interna and masculina on the endopod of the male pleopod 2 (Poore et al. 2019). Recently, Sakai (2017 b) described a new genus and species Tuerkaygourretia galathea from one female and two males collected from the southwest Bay of Bengal off Tranquebar, India, two females from the northwest Bay of Bengal and one male off Singapore. However, Poore et al. (2019) opined that the illustrations of the chelipeds and the male pleopods indeed represented separate species from hitherto-known genera Gourretia and Paragourretia, which were confounded into a single morphological description, and therefore resulted in synonymizing Tuerkaygourretia with Paragourretia. According to Poore et al. (2019), the holotype was depicted only in figures 4 A – C, E, F and 5 A – C, E, G (Sakai 2017), and were used to compare the present material. In view of the above, the genus Paragourretia is now represented by eight extant species namely Paragourretia aungtonyae (K. Sakai, 2002), P. biffari (Blanco Rambla & Liñero Arana, 1994), P. coolibah (Poore & Griffin, 1979), P. crosnieri (Ngoc-Ho, 1991), P. galathea (K. Sakai, 2017 b), P. laevidactyla (WL Liu & RY Liu, 2010), P. phuketensis (K. Sakai, 2002) and P. portsudanensis (K. Sakai, 2005), with known circumtropical distribution. The ambiguous description of the type specimens of P. galathea (deposited in the Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen) necessitated a redescription. The present specimens from the Arabian Sea were compared carefully with the eight known species about the relative lengths of the rostrum, ocular lobe and antennular peduncle, the armature of the third maxilliped merus, and the shape and armature of the telson. They were identified as P. galathea in spite of the following two differences from the holotype from the Bay of Bengal. 1) The terminal antennular article in the present specimens is slightly longer than the penultimate article [vs. terminal article is slightly shorter than the penultimate article in the holotype], but this character may be delicate, with possible individual or developmental variation; 2) A distomedian spine is present on the telson in the present specimens [vs. telson is unarmed in the holotype], but the spine is small, semi-transparent and partly disguised under the marginal hairs, with unavoidable omission. This problem on such differences may be settled with examination of the additional topographical specimens.	en	Padate, Vinay P., Cubelio, Sherine Sonia, Takeda, Masatsune (2022): Two axiidean ghost shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda) from India, Guyanacaris keralam sp. nov. (Axiidae) and Paragourretia galathea (K. Sakai, 2017) (Ctenochelidae). Zootaxa 5093 (2): 195-217, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5093.2.4
03FF87B3FFB84B47FF54A80D869DC5DF.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Bay of Bengal, off Tranquebar (11.10 ° N, 80.08 ° E) at 94 m, 20.62 ° N, 87.55 ° E at 50 m depth (Sakai 2017 b); Arabian Sea, off Quilon at 100 m, off Panaji at 105 m.	en	Padate, Vinay P., Cubelio, Sherine Sonia, Takeda, Masatsune (2022): Two axiidean ghost shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda) from India, Guyanacaris keralam sp. nov. (Axiidae) and Paragourretia galathea (K. Sakai, 2017) (Ctenochelidae). Zootaxa 5093 (2): 195-217, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5093.2.4
