taxonID	type	description	language	source
0393878AFFE59B500695FF4B5F20FA16.taxon	description	(Figs. 1 – 6)	en	Brock, Paul D., Hennemann, Frank H. (2023): A new species of Xeroderus Gray, 1835 (Phasmida: Phasmatidae: Xeroderinae) from Papua New Guinea and notes on the genus. Zootaxa 5258 (4): 443-454, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5258.4.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5258.4.5
0393878AFFE59B500695FF4B5F20FA16.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Xeroderus kirbii Gray, 1835 [= Xeroderus kirbyi Gray], by original monotypy.	en	Brock, Paul D., Hennemann, Frank H. (2023): A new species of Xeroderus Gray, 1835 (Phasmida: Phasmatidae: Xeroderinae) from Papua New Guinea and notes on the genus. Zootaxa 5258 (4): 443-454, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5258.4.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5258.4.5
0393878AFFE59B500695FF4B5F20FA16.taxon	description	Description (♂, ♀). Medium sized, large-winged Xeroderinae (body length ♁ 52.0 – 70.0 mm, ♀ 85.0 – 106.0 mm), some specimens with distinct dark and pale mottling pattern on body and tegmina as well as costal region of alae, resembling lichen. Head rounded, about as long as wide, with sparse tubercles on vertex, eyes large; three distinct ocelli present, the hind pair larger. Antennae longer than length of profemora in ♀, in ♁ longer and bristly, reaching beyond length of outstretched protibiae; segments variable in length (24 – 28 segments), with broad basal segment and variable length subsequent segments. Pronotum slightly shorter than head or about same length, with central impression; sparse tubercles and a pair of central spines in one species (X. conlei sp. n.). Mesonotum broader than head and pronotum (less so in ♁), less than 2 x length of pronotum, with raised central area, armed with short to larger, broad lateral spines and several on the disc i. e. main part of raised area; outer and lateral spines / tubercles more numerous and conspicuous and varying in thickness. Lateral margins of meso- and metathorax with series of lobes. Ventral surface of head, thorax and abdomen smooth, lacking tubercles, flattened. Metathorax similar length to mesothorax with lateral lobes or spines. Median segment similar length to metathorax. Tegmina broad, oval; alae large reaching up to end of 9 th abdominal segment; brownish or transparent, occasionally with coloured inner margin. Abdomen elongate, parallel-sided. Both sexes with large fin-like lateral lobes on abdominal terga, although the lobes can be more rounded, but much smaller on segments 9 – 10 or just 10. Male anal segment shorter than 9 th segment, distinctly tectiform medio-longitudinally and narrow, split into large hemi-terga forming an arch-like structure; these denticulated interiorly. No vomer in ♁. Poculum swollen, subtruncate at broad tip, not reaching end of 9 th abdominal segment. Female subgenital plate with rounded or tapered tip, reaching end of abdominal segment 9 or end of abdomen. Cerci of ♁ leaf-like, shorter than or just exceeding length of anal segment. Legs moderately long and slender, with hindlegs just about reaching end of abdomen in ♁, end of segment 7 – 8 in ♀. Femora with well spread paired spines, some similarly shaped to abdominal lobes. Tarsi well over half length of tibiae (fore tarsi longest), slender, not lobed. Egg (Figs. 1 E-G). Fairly large (length> 8.0 mm) and elongate. Capsule sub-cylindrical,> 2 x longer than wide or high, gently arched longitudinally, with raised sculpturing and some pitting; polar area with a distinct transverse indention. Micropylar plate small and oval, only about one-sixth the length of capsule and somewhat displaced towards the polar end of capsule. Operculum roughly circular with some obtuse swellings and a small, narrow peglike capitulum in centre.	en	Brock, Paul D., Hennemann, Frank H. (2023): A new species of Xeroderus Gray, 1835 (Phasmida: Phasmatidae: Xeroderinae) from Papua New Guinea and notes on the genus. Zootaxa 5258 (4): 443-454, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5258.4.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5258.4.5
0393878AFFE59B500695FF4B5F20FA16.taxon	discussion	Comments. The much broader Xeroderus brevipennis Redtenbacher, 1908: 359 (type locality: Santa Isabel Island, Solomon Islands) is found to be a member of Nisyrus Stål, 1877: 66 and is here transferred from Xeroderus. N. brevipennis (Redtenbacher) comb. n. is the first record of Nisyrus Stål from the Solomon Islands. Following synonymy proposed in Brock & Büscher, 2022, the additional five Nisyrus species from Fiji, Tonga and Vanuatu (Brock et al., 2023) require revision.	en	Brock, Paul D., Hennemann, Frank H. (2023): A new species of Xeroderus Gray, 1835 (Phasmida: Phasmatidae: Xeroderinae) from Papua New Guinea and notes on the genus. Zootaxa 5258 (4): 443-454, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5258.4.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5258.4.5
0393878AFFE79B570695FF4B59CDFBBE.taxon	vernacular_names	[Kirby’s Stick-insect]	en	Brock, Paul D., Hennemann, Frank H. (2023): A new species of Xeroderus Gray, 1835 (Phasmida: Phasmatidae: Xeroderinae) from Papua New Guinea and notes on the genus. Zootaxa 5258 (4): 443-454, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5258.4.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5258.4.5
0393878AFFE79B570695FF4B59CDFBBE.taxon	description	(Figs. 1 – 2, 4 – 6)	en	Brock, Paul D., Hennemann, Frank H. (2023): A new species of Xeroderus Gray, 1835 (Phasmida: Phasmatidae: Xeroderinae) from Papua New Guinea and notes on the genus. Zootaxa 5258 (4): 443-454, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5258.4.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5258.4.5
0393878AFFE79B570695FF4B59CDFBBE.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype ♀, AUSTRALIA [OUMNH] (Here designated, in order to fix the status of this species); Paralectotype ♁, AUSTRALIA [OUMNH]. (Comment: Gray described the species from both sexes ‘ in coll. D. Hope’, so a ♁ from AUSTRALIA [MVMA, T 13885] may not represent one of the original syntypes and should now be regarded as a doubtful paralectotype).	en	Brock, Paul D., Hennemann, Frank H. (2023): A new species of Xeroderus Gray, 1835 (Phasmida: Phasmatidae: Xeroderinae) from Papua New Guinea and notes on the genus. Zootaxa 5258 (4): 443-454, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5258.4.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5258.4.5
0393878AFFE79B570695FF4B59CDFBBE.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat and foodplants. Melaleuca forest, coastal and inland feeding on Melaleuca spp. and Backhousia spp. (Myrtaceae). Whilst likely in wet areas classed as tropical rainforest edges or rocky, rainforest-lined creeks, they are sometimes in dry forest, for example a moulting female in Davies Creek NP, north Queensland by Ross Coupland, 30. xi. 2017. At Babinda falls, near Innisfail, a superbly camouflaged example was found resembling the mossy boulders it was found on (Fig. 6 C) (by Sophie Kalkowksi-Pope, via Ross Coupland, who found an even better camouflaged male and female in nearby Golden Hole, Biggs Recreation area, Bartle Frere on 25 January 2023, on a trunk of Alphitonia excelsa in the afternoon) (Fig. 6 A, B). The habit of resting on tree trunks to blend in with their surroundings, does not appear to always indicate these are foodplants, as adults may fly and hide away from foodplants. This species may be difficult to rear as nymphs tend to wander until they die in captivity. When kept on a potted unsleeved tree, they feed well and rest on the bark during the day (Jack Hasenpusch, pers. comm. March 2021). Season. It has been noted as adults so far at least between September and March, nymphs in June to November.	en	Brock, Paul D., Hennemann, Frank H. (2023): A new species of Xeroderus Gray, 1835 (Phasmida: Phasmatidae: Xeroderinae) from Papua New Guinea and notes on the genus. Zootaxa 5258 (4): 443-454, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5258.4.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5258.4.5
0393878AFFE79B570695FF4B59CDFBBE.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Fig. 4). Northern Queensland: Rockhampton to north of Cooktown (Brock & Hasenpusch, 2009 b, ALA), with males occasionally attracted to lights run by David Rentz in Kuranda. In SE Queensland, examples include Coolum, Fraser Island, Gin Gin and Noosa (Brock & Hasenpusch, 2009 b), ALA references include Brisbane, Mount Mellum and Talegalla Weir (on Lophostemon suaveolens (Myrtaceae) bark, another probable foodplant); Scott W. Gavins, 11. ii. 2019. A photograph said to be taken in The Northern Territory, S of Alice Springs, i. iii. 2014 needs following up, also occurs in New South Wales, with an ALA record near Urliup on i. i. 2023.	en	Brock, Paul D., Hennemann, Frank H. (2023): A new species of Xeroderus Gray, 1835 (Phasmida: Phasmatidae: Xeroderinae) from Papua New Guinea and notes on the genus. Zootaxa 5258 (4): 443-454, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5258.4.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5258.4.5
0393878AFFE19B550695FB5A5844F821.taxon	vernacular_names	[Conle’s Xeroderus]	en	Brock, Paul D., Hennemann, Frank H. (2023): A new species of Xeroderus Gray, 1835 (Phasmida: Phasmatidae: Xeroderinae) from Papua New Guinea and notes on the genus. Zootaxa 5258 (4): 443-454, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5258.4.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5258.4.5
0393878AFFE19B550695FB5A5844F821.taxon	description	(Figs. 3 – 4)	en	Brock, Paul D., Hennemann, Frank H. (2023): A new species of Xeroderus Gray, 1835 (Phasmida: Phasmatidae: Xeroderinae) from Papua New Guinea and notes on the genus. Zootaxa 5258 (4): 443-454, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5258.4.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5258.4.5
0393878AFFE19B550695FB5A5844F821.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype ♀, PAPUA NEW GUINEA [as ‘ D. Neu-Guinea’], Sattelberg, Prof. Neuhauss S., 10 iii. [19] 09 [MNHU].	en	Brock, Paul D., Hennemann, Frank H. (2023): A new species of Xeroderus Gray, 1835 (Phasmida: Phasmatidae: Xeroderinae) from Papua New Guinea and notes on the genus. Zootaxa 5258 (4): 443-454, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5258.4.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5258.4.5
0393878AFFE19B550695FB5A5844F821.taxon	description	Description. Attractive part brownish and greyish medium-sized insect, heavily mottled greyish and whitish dorsally, possibly partly green, including legs, forewings and pre-anal part of hindwings, the latter uniform brown (Fig. 3 A). Thorax with lateral lobes, mesonotum with paired broad spines (Figs. 3 C – D). ♀ (Fig. 3). Back of head with sparse tubercles / small spines, segment about as long as wide, eyes large; three distinct ocelli present, the hind pair larger. Antennae broken, therefore length not known, nor number of segments. However, basal segment broader than following segments, segment 2 only half length, and shorter than similar sized segments 3 – 6. Segments 7 about 1.5 x longer than preceding segments. Pronotum slightly shorter than head, with central impression between swollen upper and lower areas; black longitudinal, central line present along upper half, which has a pair of central spines. Mesonotum broader than head and pronotum, at its widest towards hind part, overall segment 1.7 x length of pronotum, with raised central area, armed with two large, broad paired spines posteriorly, two more large, paired spines and six smaller, stout spines, also swollen areas, in a distinct pattern; small lateral spines also present; on the outside rim there are a further four small spines each side with small lateral spines / tubercles also present. Lateral margins of meso- and metathorax with series of lobes and few small spines (Fig. 3 D). Ventral surface of head, thorax and abdomen smooth, lacking tubercles (Fig. 3 B). Metathorax slightly broader and longer than mesothorax and marginally shorter than length of median segment. Tegmina broad, oval; alae long, reaching almost end of 9 th abdominal segment. Veins with frequent whitish flecks of irregular length. Abdomen elongate, parallel-sided, with rounded lateral lobes on abdominal segments (hook-tipped on some), smaller on curved anal segment, which is lobed at sides of tip. Subgenital plate broad and rounded at tip, reaching beyond end of 9 th abdominal segment (Fig. 3 G); epiproct plate reaching end of abdomen, triangular incised at tip. On ventral surface, hind part of abdominal segment 9 has four dark spots (these dark spots or marks appear on former abdominal segments to a lesser extent), whereas base of anal segment has dark triangular side marks and central mark. Epiproct plate has four short dark flecks. Cerci broad, leaf-like, shorter than length of anal segment (Figs. 3 E – G). Legs moderately long and slender, reaching end of segment 7. Femora with well spread paired lobes and spines, some similarly shaped to abdominal lobes, whilst tibiae have few short spines and are broadened at tip. Tarsi of modest length, with all tarsi well over half length of tibiae. Measurements [mm]: Length of body: 95.6, head 5.8, antennae:> 13.0 (tips broken off), pronotum 5.2, mesonotum 8.7, metanotum 9.5, median segment: 9.9, tegmina 16.0, alae 68.5, profemora 18.3, mesofemora 12.1, metafemora 17.5, protibiae 15.3, mesotibiae 9.8, metatibiae 14.3, cerci 1.9.	en	Brock, Paul D., Hennemann, Frank H. (2023): A new species of Xeroderus Gray, 1835 (Phasmida: Phasmatidae: Xeroderinae) from Papua New Guinea and notes on the genus. Zootaxa 5258 (4): 443-454, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5258.4.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5258.4.5
0393878AFFE19B550695FB5A5844F821.taxon	discussion	Note. As is usual in phasmids, there can be variation in colour and spines within a species (Brock & Büscher, 2022). Like X. kirbyi, there is likely to be geographic variation, perhaps dependant on habitat and foodplant selection.	en	Brock, Paul D., Hennemann, Frank H. (2023): A new species of Xeroderus Gray, 1835 (Phasmida: Phasmatidae: Xeroderinae) from Papua New Guinea and notes on the genus. Zootaxa 5258 (4): 443-454, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5258.4.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5258.4.5
0393878AFFE19B550695FB5A5844F821.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named after Oskar V. Conle (Duisburg, Germany), for his outstanding contribution to phasmid research and efforts in re-organizing the phasmid collection of MNHU, in which the holotype of this species was found.	en	Brock, Paul D., Hennemann, Frank H. (2023): A new species of Xeroderus Gray, 1835 (Phasmida: Phasmatidae: Xeroderinae) from Papua New Guinea and notes on the genus. Zootaxa 5258 (4): 443-454, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5258.4.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5258.4.5
0393878AFFE19B550695FB5A5844F821.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Fig. 4). Only known from the type locality in Papua New Guinea. Sattelberg (‘ Saddle Mountain’) is a village on the Huon Peninsula, in Morobe Province.	en	Brock, Paul D., Hennemann, Frank H. (2023): A new species of Xeroderus Gray, 1835 (Phasmida: Phasmatidae: Xeroderinae) from Papua New Guinea and notes on the genus. Zootaxa 5258 (4): 443-454, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5258.4.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5258.4.5
0393878AFFE19B550695FB5A5844F821.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat and foodplants. Presumably forest, probably up to 900 m, where the area was formerly part of German New Guinea [‘ D (eutsch) Neu-Guinea’] when the specimen would have been collected in 1909. The foodplants are unknown.	en	Brock, Paul D., Hennemann, Frank H. (2023): A new species of Xeroderus Gray, 1835 (Phasmida: Phasmatidae: Xeroderinae) from Papua New Guinea and notes on the genus. Zootaxa 5258 (4): 443-454, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5258.4.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5258.4.5
0393878AFFE19B550695FB5A5844F821.taxon	discussion	Notes on the collector. Professor Richard Gustav Neuhauss (1855 – 1915) was a German doctor and anthropologist, who was in German New Guinea from 1908 – 1910. In 1909 he went with several missionaries on an expedition to Laewomba territory, then conducted research in the area of Huon Gulf (Baumann et al., 2002).	en	Brock, Paul D., Hennemann, Frank H. (2023): A new species of Xeroderus Gray, 1835 (Phasmida: Phasmatidae: Xeroderinae) from Papua New Guinea and notes on the genus. Zootaxa 5258 (4): 443-454, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5258.4.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5258.4.5
