taxonID	type	description	language	source
62448D73B80353FE8229D761BE07A3CA.taxon	description	Figures 2 a, b, 5 a, b, 7 a-f	en	Soong, Giun Yee, Bonomo, Lynn J., Reimer, James D., Gosliner, Terrence M. (2022): Battle of the bands: systematics and phylogeny of the white Goniobranchus nudibranchs with marginal bands (Nudibranchia, Chromodorididae). ZooKeys 1083: 169-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.72939, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.72939
62448D73B80353FE8229D761BE07A3CA.taxon	distribution	Geographical distribution. Widely distributed around the tropical and subtropical Indo-Pacific Ocean (Debelius and Kuiter 2007; Gosliner 2008, 2015, 2018), Mozambique (Tibirica et al. 2017; Stroemvoll and Jones 2019), Indonesia (Debelius and Kuiter 2007), Japan (Nakano 2018; Ono and Katou 2020), Taiwan (Jie et al. 2009), Australia (Rudman 1990), Madagascar, Philippines, Papua New Guinea (present study), New Caledonia (Herve 2010), and Gulf of Oman (Fatemi and Attaran-Fariman 2015).	en	Soong, Giun Yee, Bonomo, Lynn J., Reimer, James D., Gosliner, Terrence M. (2022): Battle of the bands: systematics and phylogeny of the white Goniobranchus nudibranchs with marginal bands (Nudibranchia, Chromodorididae). ZooKeys 1083: 169-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.72939, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.72939
62448D73B80353FE8229D761BE07A3CA.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. CASIZ 228939, one specimen (2 mm preserved), subsampled for molecular data and dissected, Murals dive site, 13.688 ° N, 120.866 ° E, Maricaban Strait, Mabini (Calumpan Peninsula), Batangas Province, Luzon, Philippines, 9 - 22 m depth, 29 November 2018, T. M. Gosliner, 2018 Verde Island Passage Expedition. CASIZ 191440, one specimen (3 mm preserved), subsampled for molecular data, Madang Province, GPS not available, Papua New Guinea, depth not available, 26 November 2012, V. Knutson, Papua New Guinea Biodiversity Expedition 2012. CASIZ 194037, one specimen (2 mm preserved), subsampled for molecular data, Pointe Evatra, rocky bottom with areas of sand, 24.983 ° S, 47.083 ° E, South Madagascar, Madagascar, 22 m depth, 30 April 2010, Atimo Vatae South Madagascar Expedition.	en	Soong, Giun Yee, Bonomo, Lynn J., Reimer, James D., Gosliner, Terrence M. (2022): Battle of the bands: systematics and phylogeny of the white Goniobranchus nudibranchs with marginal bands (Nudibranchia, Chromodorididae). ZooKeys 1083: 169-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.72939, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.72939
62448D73B80353FE8229D761BE07A3CA.taxon	description	Description. External morphology. Living animals 5 - 7 mm in length. Body opaque white, oval and elongated, with the outermost portion of the mantle edge having an orange band that gradually blends into a yellow submarginal band. Gill and rhinophores are translucent white with opaque white edges on the lamellae. Six or seven unipinnate gill branches are moderately spreading when fully extended. Rhinophores are relatively large, ~ 2 x as long as the gill branches. Ten or eleven lamellae per rhinophore. Buccal mass and radula. The muscular portion of the buccal mass ~ 2 / 3 the size of the oral tube length (Fig. 5 a). The chitinous labial cuticle found at the anterior end of the muscular portion of the buccal mass bears bifurcated and short jaw rodlets (Fig. 7 a, b). The radular formula of CASIZ 228939 is 37 x 19.1.19 (Fig. 7 c). The rachidian tooth is triangular and short. The inner and outer surfaces of the inner lateral teeth have three denticles on each side of the central cusp (Fig. 7 d). The central cusp on the inner lateral tooth is ~ 2 x the length of the adjacent denticles. The middle lateral teeth have a short central cusp with three or four denticles (Fig. 7 e). The outer lateral teeth have a rounded main cusp with three or four denticles (Fig. 7 f). Reproductive system (Fig. 5 b). The long, thick, tubular ampulla narrows into a diverging short oviduct and short vas deferens. The proximal prostatic portion of the vas deferens transitions into the muscular ejaculatory portion. The ejaculatory portion narrows and elongates into a wider, long, curved penial bulb that joins with the narrow distal end of the vagina. The vagina is elongate and narrow, joining the larger, spherical bursa copulatrix and the smaller, curved receptaculum seminis at its distal end. A moderately short uterine duct emerges from the receptaculum seminis, which is adjacent to the vagina, and enters into the female gland mass. The female gland mass has small albumen and membrane glands and a large mucous gland.	en	Soong, Giun Yee, Bonomo, Lynn J., Reimer, James D., Gosliner, Terrence M. (2022): Battle of the bands: systematics and phylogeny of the white Goniobranchus nudibranchs with marginal bands (Nudibranchia, Chromodorididae). ZooKeys 1083: 169-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.72939, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.72939
8BA70376327557468EA5C6E95BB4E707.taxon	description	Figures 4 a-d, 6 e, f, 12 a-f	en	Soong, Giun Yee, Bonomo, Lynn J., Reimer, James D., Gosliner, Terrence M. (2022): Battle of the bands: systematics and phylogeny of the white Goniobranchus nudibranchs with marginal bands (Nudibranchia, Chromodorididae). ZooKeys 1083: 169-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.72939, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.72939
8BA70376327557468EA5C6E95BB4E707.taxon	distribution	Geographical distribution. This species appears to be restricted to the western and southern central Pacific tropics (Gosliner et al. 2008, 2015, 2018) with reports from the Philippines (present study), Japan (Nakano 2018), Papua New Guinea, New Caledonia, Tonga, Vanuatu (Gosliner et al. 2008), Australia, and Fiji (Rudman 1985).	en	Soong, Giun Yee, Bonomo, Lynn J., Reimer, James D., Gosliner, Terrence M. (2022): Battle of the bands: systematics and phylogeny of the white Goniobranchus nudibranchs with marginal bands (Nudibranchia, Chromodorididae). ZooKeys 1083: 169-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.72939, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.72939
8BA70376327557468EA5C6E95BB4E707.taxon	description	Description. External morphology. Living animals 12 - 18 mm in length. Body oval with three marginal bands on the mantle edge. Notum smooth with no apparent spots. Six to ten unipinnate gill branches. Eleven or twelve lamellae on rhinophores. The color pattern exhibits two distinct morphotypes. Morphotype A (Fig. 4 a-c) has a creamy opaque white body. The outermost portion of the mantle edge is tinged an opaque bluish white, followed by a deep red band, followed by a yellow submarginal band, and then an opaque white band, with all bands having similar widths. Gill branches and rhinophores are reddish purple with white edges. Morphotype B (Fig. 4 d) has an opaque creamy white body. The outermost portion of the mantle edge is surrounded by a speckled opaque white band, followed by a deep red band, a yellow submarginal band, and then an innermost opaque white band. The gill and rhinophores are reddish purple with white edges and opaque white speckles. Buccal mass and radula (morphotype B). The muscular portion of the buccal mass is approximately the same size as the oral tube length (Fig. 6 e). The chitinous labial cuticle found at the anterior end of the muscular portion of the buccal mass and bears bifurcated and short jaw rodlets (Fig. 12 a, b). The radular formula of CASIZ 191271 is 42 x 35.1.35 (Fig. 12 c). The rachidian tooth is triangular. The innermost lateral teeth have two denticles on the inner side of the cusp and three or four denticles on the outer side (Fig. 12 d). The central cusp on the inner lateral tooth is elongate and ~ 2 x the length of the adjacent denticles. The middle lateral teeth have an elongated central cusp with 5 - 7 denticles (Fig. 12 e). The outer lateral teeth have a rounded tooth with 2 - 5 denticles (Fig. 12 f). Reproductive system (Fig. 6 f). The thin, tubular ampulla narrows into a diverging short oviduct and long vas deferens. The proximal prostatic portion of the vas deferens is thin and convoluted and transitions into the muscular ejaculatory portion. The long, narrow, convoluted ejaculatory portion transitions into a wider, long penial bulb, which joins with the moderately wide distal end of the vagina. The vagina is elongate and narrow, joining the larger, spherical bursa copulatrix and the smaller, curved receptaculum seminis at its distal end. A moderately long uterine duct that emerges from this junction of vagina, bursa copulatrix, and receptaculum seminis. The uterine duct connects the receptaculum seminis with the female gland mass. The female gland mass has smaller albumen and membrane glands and a larger mucous gland.	en	Soong, Giun Yee, Bonomo, Lynn J., Reimer, James D., Gosliner, Terrence M. (2022): Battle of the bands: systematics and phylogeny of the white Goniobranchus nudibranchs with marginal bands (Nudibranchia, Chromodorididae). ZooKeys 1083: 169-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.72939, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.72939
8BA70376327557468EA5C6E95BB4E707.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Goniobranchus fabulus sp. nov. is named after the Latin word which, in one translation, means a small bean, in reference to the body shape of the nudibranch.	en	Soong, Giun Yee, Bonomo, Lynn J., Reimer, James D., Gosliner, Terrence M. (2022): Battle of the bands: systematics and phylogeny of the white Goniobranchus nudibranchs with marginal bands (Nudibranchia, Chromodorididae). ZooKeys 1083: 169-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.72939, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.72939
9AC9EFDA757356698ED126104F1D4BD5.taxon	description	Figures 2 c-f, 5 c, d, 8 a-f	en	Soong, Giun Yee, Bonomo, Lynn J., Reimer, James D., Gosliner, Terrence M. (2022): Battle of the bands: systematics and phylogeny of the white Goniobranchus nudibranchs with marginal bands (Nudibranchia, Chromodorididae). ZooKeys 1083: 169-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.72939, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.72939
9AC9EFDA757356698ED126104F1D4BD5.taxon	distribution	Geographical distribution. Widely distributed around the tropical and subtropical Indo-Pacific oceans (Rudman 1985; Debelius and Kuiter 2007; Coleman 2008; Gosliner et al. 2008, 2015, 2018) with specific reports from Sri Lanka (Kelaart 1858), west coast of India and the Andaman Islands (Kumar et al. 2019), Thailand (Mehrotra et al. 2021), Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia (Gosliner et al. 2008), and Japan (Nakano 2018; Ono and Katou 2020). Records cited by Gosliner et al. (2008) from New Caledonia, Tonga, Fiji, Vanuatu, and Australia are of Goniobranchus fabulus sp. nov., not G. preciosus.	en	Soong, Giun Yee, Bonomo, Lynn J., Reimer, James D., Gosliner, Terrence M. (2022): Battle of the bands: systematics and phylogeny of the white Goniobranchus nudibranchs with marginal bands (Nudibranchia, Chromodorididae). ZooKeys 1083: 169-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.72939, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.72939
9AC9EFDA757356698ED126104F1D4BD5.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. CASIZ 208420 (morphotype A), one specimen (10 mm preserved), subsampled for molecular data, sand slope with reef, 13.522 ° N, 120.947 ° E, Manila Channel, Puerto Galera, Oriental Mindoro Province, Mindoro, Philippines, 4 - 22 m depth, 11 April 2015, T. M. Gosliner 2015 Verde Island Passage Expedition. CASIZ 208415 (morphotype A), one specimen (9 mm preserved), subsampled for molecular data and dissected, School Beach, 13.517 ° N, 120.950 ° E, Batangas Channel, Puerto Galera, Oriental Mindoro Province, Mindoro, Philippines, 18 m depth, 10 April 2015, T. M. Gosliner 2015 Verde Island Passage Expedition. CASIZ 208574 (morphotype B), one specimen (11 mm preserved), subsampled for molecular data and dissected, School Beach, 13.516 ° N, 120.950 ° E, Batangas Channel, Puerto Galera, Oriental Mindoro Province, Mindoro, Philippines, 6 - 17 m depth, 8 April 2015, T. M. Gosliner 2015 Verde Island Passage Expedition. CASIZ 176752 (morphotype C), one specimen (10 mm preserved), subsampled for molecular data, Pulau Gut, 2.664 ° N, 104.167 ° E, Pulau Tioman, South China Sea, Peninsular Malaysia, 13 m depth, 4 October 2007, T. M. Gosliner. CASIZ 176761 (morphotype D), one specimen (9 mm preserved), subsampled for molecular data, Tiger Point, 2.889 ° N, 104.061 ° E, Pulau Tioman, South China Sea, Peninsular Malaysia, 17 - 19 m depth, 2 October 2007, T. M. Gosliner.	en	Soong, Giun Yee, Bonomo, Lynn J., Reimer, James D., Gosliner, Terrence M. (2022): Battle of the bands: systematics and phylogeny of the white Goniobranchus nudibranchs with marginal bands (Nudibranchia, Chromodorididae). ZooKeys 1083: 169-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.72939, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.72939
9AC9EFDA757356698ED126104F1D4BD5.taxon	description	Description. External morphology. Living animal approximately 15 mm in length. Body white, with low tubercles on the notum; oval and elongated, with three marginal bands on the mantle edge. There is an outermost blue band followed by a deep red submarginal band and a yellow inner submarginal band. Brownish or orange dorsal spotting may be present over the surface of the mantle. In all cases the rhinophores are translucent reddish brown with white edges on the lamellae. The same pigment extends below the rhinophore club onto the stalks of the rhinophores. Rhinophore lamellae number 12 - 17. Gill branches reddish brown with white lines on the rachis. Nine or ten unipinnate gill branches held erectly when the gill is fully extended. This species exhibits four distinct morphotypes in addition to the unvarying elements described above. Morphotype A (Fig. 2 c) has a translucent creamy white body with fine orange spots and blotches on the notum. The outermost portion of the mantle edge is surrounded by a thin opaque bluish white band, followed by a thicker deep red band and then a yellow-orange submarginal band. Gill and rhinophores are translucent red with white edges. Morphotype B (Fig. 2 d) has a translucent pale yellow body with brown spots and blotches on the notum. The outermost portion of the mantle edge is surrounded by an opaque bluish white tinged band, followed by an irregular deep red and a yellow-orange submarginal band, with all three bands having similar widths. The gill and rhinophores are translucent brown with opaque cream edges. Morphotype C (Fig. 2 e) has an opaque white body with a few low tubercles. The outermost portion of the mantle edge is surrounded by a thin, opaque, bluish white band, followed by thicker deep red and yellow-orange bands. The gill and rhinophores are translucent red with opaque white edges. Morphotype D (Fig. 2 f) has a creamy white translucent body with densely speckled orange spots on the notum. The outermost portion of the mantle edge is surrounded by a thin opaque bluish white tinged band, followed by irregular deep red and yellow-orange bands, all three bands having similar widths. The gill and rhinophores are translucent red with opaque white edges. Buccal mass and radula (morphotype B). The muscular portion of the buccal mass is ~ 2 x the size of the oral tube length (Fig. 5 c). The chitinous labial cuticle is found at the anterior end of the muscular portion of the buccal mass, bearing long, bifurcated jaw rodlets (Fig. 8 a, b). The radular formula of CASIZ 208574 is 54 x 47.1.47 (Fig. 8 c). The rachidian tooth has a flame-like shape and is blunt at the tips. The inner and outer surfaces of the inner lateral teeth have three or four denticles on each side of the central cusp (Fig. 8 d). The central cusp on the inner lateral tooth is ~ 2 x the length of the adjacent denticles. The middle lateral teeth have a long central cusp with 5 - 8 denticles (Fig. 8 e). The outer lateral teeth are rounded and paddle-shaped with six or seven denticles (Fig. 8 f). Reproductive system (Fig. 5 d). The thick, tubular ampulla narrows into a diverging short oviduct and long vas deferens. The proximal prostatic portion of the vas deferens is narrow and convoluted, then transitions into an equally thin muscular ejaculatory portion. The narrow ejaculatory portion elongates into a wider section and again narrows prior to entering the short penial bulb, which joins with the distal end of the vagina. The vagina is short and moderately wide. It terminates at the junction of the large, spherical bursa copulatrix, the curved, pyriform receptaculum seminis, and the uterine duct. The long narrow uterine duct emerges from junction of the vagina, bursa copulatrix, and the receptaculum seminis and enters into the female gland mass. The female gland mass has small albumen and membrane glands and a large mucous gland.	en	Soong, Giun Yee, Bonomo, Lynn J., Reimer, James D., Gosliner, Terrence M. (2022): Battle of the bands: systematics and phylogeny of the white Goniobranchus nudibranchs with marginal bands (Nudibranchia, Chromodorididae). ZooKeys 1083: 169-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.72939, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.72939
870E2DC2E81856709B724FBE029699CB.taxon	description	Figures 2 g, h, 5 e, f, 9 a-f	en	Soong, Giun Yee, Bonomo, Lynn J., Reimer, James D., Gosliner, Terrence M. (2022): Battle of the bands: systematics and phylogeny of the white Goniobranchus nudibranchs with marginal bands (Nudibranchia, Chromodorididae). ZooKeys 1083: 169-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.72939, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.72939
870E2DC2E81856709B724FBE029699CB.taxon	distribution	Geographical distribution. Widely distributed around the tropical and subtropical Indo-Pacific oceans (Debelius and Kuiter 2007; Gosliner et al. 2008, 2015, 2018; Rudman 1985) with reports from Thailand (Mehrotra et al. 2021), Malaysia, Philippines, Hong Kong, Palau, American Samoa, Marshall Islands (Gosliner et al. 2008), Japan (Nakano 2018; Ono and Katou 2020), Australia (Rudman 1985), New Caledonia (Herve 2010), and the Marianas Islands (Carlson and Hoff 2003).	en	Soong, Giun Yee, Bonomo, Lynn J., Reimer, James D., Gosliner, Terrence M. (2022): Battle of the bands: systematics and phylogeny of the white Goniobranchus nudibranchs with marginal bands (Nudibranchia, Chromodorididae). ZooKeys 1083: 169-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.72939, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.72939
870E2DC2E81856709B724FBE029699CB.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. CASIZ 203047 (morphotype A), one specimen (4 mm preserved), subsampled for molecular data and dissected, Verde Island Passage coast, 13.917 ° N, 120.617 ° E, Calatagan, Batangas Province, Luzon, Philippines, depth not available, 9 May 2014, T. M. Gosliner, 2014 Verde Island Passage Expedition. CASIZ 181235 (morphotype A), one specimen (4 mm preserved), dissected, Twin Rocks, 13.683 ° N, 120.883 ° E, Maricaban Strait, Mabini (Calumpan Peninsula), Batangas Province, Luzon, Philippines, depth not available, 22 May 2009, P. Paleracio, CAS Philippines Expedition May 2009. CASIZ 208563 (morphotype B), one specimen (3 mm preserved), subsampled for molecular data, School Beach, 13.516 ° N, 120.95 ° E, Batangas Channel, Puerto Galera, Oriental Mindoro Province, Mindoro, Philippines, 6 - 18 m depth, 13 April 2015, T. M. Gosliner, 2015 Verde Island Passage Expedition.	en	Soong, Giun Yee, Bonomo, Lynn J., Reimer, James D., Gosliner, Terrence M. (2022): Battle of the bands: systematics and phylogeny of the white Goniobranchus nudibranchs with marginal bands (Nudibranchia, Chromodorididae). ZooKeys 1083: 169-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.72939, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.72939
870E2DC2E81856709B724FBE029699CB.taxon	description	Description. External morphology. Length of living animal 7 - 14 mm. Body oval and elongated, with two marginal bands on the mantle edge. Six to nine unipinnate gill branches, 8 - 14 lamellae on rhinophores. The color patterns of this species can be divided into two distinct morphotypes. Morphotype A (Fig. 2 g) has a translucent creamy white body. The outermost portion of the mantle edge is surrounded by an orange band, followed by an irregular red band, followed by another irregular opaque white band. Gill branches and rhinophores are translucent, deep red with either red or white edges. Morphotype B (Fig. 2 h) has an opaque white body. The outermost portion of the mantle edge is surrounded by a red band, followed by a yellow submarginal band and both bands have similar widths. The gill and rhinophores are translucent deep red with bluish white tinged edges. Buccal mass and radula. The muscular portion of the buccal mass approximately the same size as the oral tube length (Fig. 5 e). The chitinous labial cuticle is found at the anterior end of the muscular portion of the buccal mass and bears bifurcated and short jaw rodlets (Fig. 9 a, b). The radular formula of CASIZ 181235 is 39 x 27.1.27 (Fig. 9 c). The rachidian tooth is thin and linear. The inner and outer surface of the inner lateral teeth have two or three denticles on each side of the central cusp (Fig. 9 d). The central cusp on the inner lateral tooth is ~ 2 x the length of the adjacent denticles. The middle lateral teeth have a short central cusp with 5 - 7 denticles (Fig. 9 e). The outer lateral teeth have a rounded main cusp with 3 - 5 denticles (Fig. 9 f). Reproductive system (Fig. 5 f). The thick, tubular ampulla narrows into a diverging short oviduct and long vas deferens. The proximal prostatic portion of the vas deferensis thin and convoluted and transitions into the muscular ejaculatory portion. The long, narrow, convoluted ejaculatory portion transitions into a wider, long penial bulb, which joins with the distal end of the vagina. The vagina is proximally narrow and elongated, transitions into a larger, spherical bursa copulatrix and large receptaculum seminis at its distal end. A moderately long uterine duct emerges from this junction of vagina, bursa copulatrix, and receptaculum seminis. The uterine duct connects the receptaculum seminis with the female gland mass. The female gland mass has smaller albumen and membrane glands and a larger mucous gland.	en	Soong, Giun Yee, Bonomo, Lynn J., Reimer, James D., Gosliner, Terrence M. (2022): Battle of the bands: systematics and phylogeny of the white Goniobranchus nudibranchs with marginal bands (Nudibranchia, Chromodorididae). ZooKeys 1083: 169-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.72939, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.72939
8E42DAE82FA45DE49127E2D1157AF69D.taxon	description	Figures 3 a-d, 6 a, b, 10 a-f	en	Soong, Giun Yee, Bonomo, Lynn J., Reimer, James D., Gosliner, Terrence M. (2022): Battle of the bands: systematics and phylogeny of the white Goniobranchus nudibranchs with marginal bands (Nudibranchia, Chromodorididae). ZooKeys 1083: 169-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.72939, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.72939
8E42DAE82FA45DE49127E2D1157AF69D.taxon	distribution	Geographical distribution. This species appears to be restricted to areas of the southeast Asian mainland and the islands of Japan, Taiwan, and islands off eastern Peninsular Malaysia (Debelius and Kuiter 2007; Coleman 2008; Gosliner et al. 2008, 2015, 2018) with reports from the Andaman Islands (Kumar et al. 2019), the east coast of Thailand (Mehrotra et al. 2021), the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia (present study), Japan (Nakano 2018; Ono and Katou 2020), Taiwan (Jie et al. 2009), Hong Kong (Rudman 1985), and the Gulf of Oman (Fatemi and Attaran-Fariman 2015).	en	Soong, Giun Yee, Bonomo, Lynn J., Reimer, James D., Gosliner, Terrence M. (2022): Battle of the bands: systematics and phylogeny of the white Goniobranchus nudibranchs with marginal bands (Nudibranchia, Chromodorididae). ZooKeys 1083: 169-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.72939, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.72939
8E42DAE82FA45DE49127E2D1157AF69D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. MISE- 047 - 19 (morphotype A), one specimen, subsampled for molecular data and dissected, 31.281 ° N, 130.203 ° E, Kagoshima, Japan, 10 m depth, 14 July 2019, A. Tsuyuki. MISE- 037 - 19 (morphotype A), one specimen, subsampled for molecular data, Sakurajima Evacuation Port Number 4, 31.552 ° N, 130.632 ° E, Kagoshima, Japan, 10 m depth, 10 July 2019, H. Kise. MISE- 039 - 19 (morphotype A), one specimen, subsampled for molecular data, east side of Okiko-jima, 31.544 ° N, 130.617 ° E, Kagoshima, Japan, 8 m depth, 12 July 2019, G. Y. Soong. MISE- 010 - 19 (morphotype B), one specimen, subsampled for molecular data and dissected, Tengan, 26.400 ° N, 127.833 ° E, Okinawa-jima Island, Japan, 8 m depth, 3 May 2019, G. Y. Soong. MISE- 056 - 19 (morphotype B), one specimen, subsampled for molecular data, Tengan, 26.400 ° N, 127.833 ° E, Okinawa-jima Island, Japan, 12 m depth, 27 October 2019, G. Y. Soong. MISE- 024 - 18 (morphotype B), one specimen, subsampled for molecular data, Tengan, 26.400 ° N, 127.833 ° E, Okinawa-jima Island, Japan, 7 m depth, 12 April 2018, G. Y. Soong. MISE- 024 - 19 (morphotype B), one specimen, subsampled for molecular data, Tengan, 26.400 ° N, 127.833 ° E, Okinawa-jima Island, Japan, 5 m depth, 16 June 2019, Y. Kushida. MISE- 009 - 19 (morphotype B), one specimen, subsampled for molecular data, Tengan, 26.400 ° N, 127.833 ° E, Okinawa-jima Island, Japan, 8 m depth, 3 May 2019, G. Y. Soong. MISE- 055 - 19 (morphotype B), one specimen, subsampled for molecular data, Tengan, 26.400 ° N, 127.833 ° E, Okinawa-jima Island, Japan, 8 m depth, 27 October 2019, H. Kise. MISE- 020 - 18 (morphotype B), one specimen, subsampled for molecular data, Tengan, 26.400 ° N, 127.833 ° E, Okinawa-jima Island, Japan, 9 m depth, 12 April 2018, G. Y. Soong. MISE- 010 - 19 (morphotype B), one specimen, subsampled for molecular data, Tengan, 26.400 ° N, 127.833 ° E, Okinawa-jima Island, Japan, 8 m depth, 3 May 2019, G. Y. Soong. MISE- 023 - 18 (morphotype B), one specimen, subsampled for molecular data, Tengan, 26.400 ° N, 127.833 ° E, Okinawa-jima Island, Japan, 7 m depth, 12 April 2018, G. Y. Soong. MISE- 018 - 19 (morphotype B), one specimen, subsampled for molecular data, Red Beach, 26.447 ° N, 127.912 ° E, Okinawa-jima Island, Japan, 6 m depth, 19 May 2019, G. Y. Soong. MISE- 022 - 18 (morphotype B), one specimen, subsampled for molecular data, Tengan, 26.400 ° N, 127.833 ° E, Okinawa-jima Island, Japan, 10 m depth, 12 April 2018, G. Y. Soong. MISE- 008 - 19 (morphotype B), one specimen, subsampled for molecular data, Tengan, 26.400 ° N, 127.833 ° E, Okinawa-jima Island, Japan, 8 m depth, 3 May 2019, G. Y. Soong. CASIZ 176759 (morphotype C), one specimen, subsampled for molecular data, Waterfall Bay, 2.720 ° N, 104.195 ° E, Pulau Tioman, South China Sea, Peninsular Malaysia, 14 m depth, 4 October 2007, T. M. Gosliner et al. CASIZ 175727 (morphotype C), one specimen (2 mm preserved), subsampled for molecular data, Pulau Gut, 2.664 ° N, 104.167 ° E, Pulau Tioman, South China Sea, Peninsular Malaysia. 14 m depth, 4 October 2007, T. M. Gosliner. CASIZ 189457 (morphotype C), one specimen (3 mm preserved), subsampled for molecular data, location not available, GPS data not available, Peninsular Malaysia, depth not available, 4 October 2007, T. M. Gosliner.	en	Soong, Giun Yee, Bonomo, Lynn J., Reimer, James D., Gosliner, Terrence M. (2022): Battle of the bands: systematics and phylogeny of the white Goniobranchus nudibranchs with marginal bands (Nudibranchia, Chromodorididae). ZooKeys 1083: 169-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.72939, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.72939
8E42DAE82FA45DE49127E2D1157AF69D.taxon	description	Description. External morphology. Living animal ~ 10 mm in length. Body smooth, without tubercles, oval and elongated, with three marginal bands on the mantle edge. Seven to ten unipinnate gill branches, 13 - 18 rhinophore lamellae. The species has three distinct morphotypes based on color patterns. Morphotype A (Fig. 3 a) has a translucent creamy white body with no spots on the notum. The outermost portion of the mantle edge is surrounded by a thin whitish blue band, followed by one each of thicker red and yellow bands. The gill and rhinophores are translucent red with reddish purple edges. Morphotype B (Fig. 3 b, c) has a translucent white body with brown spots on the notum. The outermost portion of the mantle edge is surrounded by an opaque bluish white tinged band, followed by red and yellow submarginal bands, and all three bands have similar widths. The gill and rhinophores are translucent red with opaque white edges. Morphotype C (Fig. 3 d) has a creamy white but translucent body with fine orange spots on the notum. The outermost portion of the mantle edge is surrounded by a thin opaque bluish white tinged band, followed by a thicker irregular red band, and then a yellow submarginal band of similar thickness to the red band. Gill and rhinophores are translucent red with reddish purple edges. Buccal mass and radula (morphotype A). The muscular portion of the buccal mass approximately the same size as the oral tube length (Fig. 6 a). The chitinous labial cuticle found at the anterior end of the muscular portion of the buccal mass bearing bifurcated and long jaw rodlets (Fig. 10 a, b). The radular formula of MISE- 010 - 19 and MISE- 047 - 19 (Fig. 10 c) are 46 x 40.1.40 and 52 x 40.1.40, respectively. The rachidian tooth is triangular, thin, with a blunt tip. The innermost lateral teeth have two or three denticles on the inner side and 3 - 5 denticles on the outer side of the central cusp (Fig. 10 d). The central cusp on the inner lateral tooth is elongate and ~ 2 x the length of the adjacent denticles. The middle lateral teeth have a short central cusp with six or seven denticles (Fig. 10 e). The outer lateral teeth have a rounded main cusp with five denticles (Fig. 10 f). Reproductive system (Fig. 6 b). The thick, tubular ampulla narrows into a diverging short oviduct and long vas deferens. The proximal prostatic portion of the vas deferens is thin and convoluted and transitions into the muscular ejaculatory portion. The long, narrow, convoluted ejaculatory portion transitions into a wider and long curved penial bulb, which joins with the distal end of the vagina. The vagina is narrow and elongated and transitions into a larger, spherical bursa copulatrix and the smaller, curved receptaculum seminis at its distal end. A moderately long uterine duct emerges from this junction of vagina, bursa, and receptaculum seminis. The uterine duct connects the receptaculum seminis with the female gland mass. The female gland mass has smaller albumen and membrane glands and a larger mucous gland.	en	Soong, Giun Yee, Bonomo, Lynn J., Reimer, James D., Gosliner, Terrence M. (2022): Battle of the bands: systematics and phylogeny of the white Goniobranchus nudibranchs with marginal bands (Nudibranchia, Chromodorididae). ZooKeys 1083: 169-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.72939, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.72939
9C9378529C5B515B805E6DF7BD8445AD.taxon	description	Figures 3 e, f, 6 c, d, 11 a-f	en	Soong, Giun Yee, Bonomo, Lynn J., Reimer, James D., Gosliner, Terrence M. (2022): Battle of the bands: systematics and phylogeny of the white Goniobranchus nudibranchs with marginal bands (Nudibranchia, Chromodorididae). ZooKeys 1083: 169-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.72939, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.72939
9C9378529C5B515B805E6DF7BD8445AD.taxon	distribution	Geographical distribution. Widely distributed around the tropical and subtropical Indo-Pacific oceans (Rudman 1985; Debelius 1996; Debelius and Kuiter 2007; Coleman 2008; Gosliner et al. 2008, 2015, 2018) with reports from across South Africa, Madagascar, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Midway Atoll, Hawaiian Islands (Gosliner et al. 2018), Australia (Slack-Smith and Bryce 2004; Nimbs and Smith 2016), Tanzania (Rudman 1985), Thailand (Mehrotra et al. 2021), Mozambique (Stroemvoll and Jones 2019), Japan (Nakano 2018; Ono and Katou 2020), Taiwan (Jie et al. 2009), New Caledonia (Herve 2010), Marshall Islands (Rudman 1985), and Mariana Islands (Carlson and Hoff 2003).	en	Soong, Giun Yee, Bonomo, Lynn J., Reimer, James D., Gosliner, Terrence M. (2022): Battle of the bands: systematics and phylogeny of the white Goniobranchus nudibranchs with marginal bands (Nudibranchia, Chromodorididae). ZooKeys 1083: 169-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.72939, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.72939
9C9378529C5B515B805E6DF7BD8445AD.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. CASIZ 203059 (morphotype A), one specimen (3 mm preserved), subsampled for molecular data and dissected, Balibago dive site, 13.932 ° N, 120.611 ° E., Verde Island Passage Coast, Calatagan, Batangas Province, Luzon Island, Philippines, 12 m depth, 17 May 2014, S. Matsuda, 2014 Verde Island Passage Expedition. CASIZ 208442 (morphotype B), one specimen (5 mm preserved), subsampled for molecular data and dissected. Culebra (Bonito) Island, 13.617 ° N, 120.933 ° E, Maricaban Island, Tingloy, Batangas Province, Luzon, Philippines, 3 - 30 m depth, 18 April 2015, G. Paulay, 2015 Verde Island Passage Expedition.	en	Soong, Giun Yee, Bonomo, Lynn J., Reimer, James D., Gosliner, Terrence M. (2022): Battle of the bands: systematics and phylogeny of the white Goniobranchus nudibranchs with marginal bands (Nudibranchia, Chromodorididae). ZooKeys 1083: 169-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.72939, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.72939
9C9378529C5B515B805E6DF7BD8445AD.taxon	description	Description. External morphology. Living animals approximately 11 - 17 mm in length. Body oval, with two marginal bands of similar widths on the mantle edge. Gill and rhinophores are translucent red with a mix of red and white edges. Four to eight unipinnate gill branches. Ten or eleven lamellae on rhinophores. The color patterns of this species can be divided into two distinct morphotypes. Morphotype A (Fig. 3 e) has an opaque white body. The outermost portion of the mantle edge is surrounded by a red margin and a yellow submarginal band with both bands of similar widths. Morphotype B (Fig. 3 f) has a translucent creamy white body with small orange spots on the notum. The outermost portion of the mantle edge is surrounded by a very thin opaque white band, followed by a red and a yellow submarginal band. Buccal mass and radula (morphotype A). The muscular portion of the buccal mass is approximately the same size as the oral tube length (Fig. 6 c). The chitinous labial cuticle found at the anterior end of the muscular portion of the buccal mass bearing bifurcated and short jaw rodlets (Fig. 11 a, b). The radular formula of CASIZ 203059 is 37 x 28.1.28 (Fig. 11 c). The rachidian tooth is flame-like in shape and short. The inner and outer surfaces of the inner lateral teeth have three denticles on each side (Fig. 11 d). The central cusp on the inner lateral tooth is ~ 2 x the length of the adjacent denticles. The middle lateral teeth have a short central cusp with approximately four or five denticles (Fig. 11 e). The outer lateral teeth have a rounded tooth shaped with ~ 2 - 4 denticles (Fig. 11 f). Reproductive system (Fig. 6 d). The thick, tubular ampulla narrows into a diverging short oviduct and long vas deferens. The proximal prostatic portion of the vas deferens is wide and convoluted and transitions into the muscular ejaculatory portion. The long, narrow, convoluted ejaculatory portion transitions into a wider, long penial bulb, which joins with the distal end of the vagina. The thick muscular vagina is elongated and transitions into a larger, spherical bursa copulatrix. At this junction of the vagina and bursa copulatrix, the smaller pyriform receptaculum seminis also connects. The moderately long uterine duct that emerges from the junction of the vagina, bursa copulatrix, and receptaculum seminis enters into the female gland mass. This uterine duct junction also extends proximally on one side and includes a larger portion of the vagina. The female gland mass has small albumen and membrane glands and a large mucous gland.	en	Soong, Giun Yee, Bonomo, Lynn J., Reimer, James D., Gosliner, Terrence M. (2022): Battle of the bands: systematics and phylogeny of the white Goniobranchus nudibranchs with marginal bands (Nudibranchia, Chromodorididae). ZooKeys 1083: 169-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.72939, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.72939
