identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
62448D73B80353FE8229D761BE07A3CA.text	62448D73B80353FE8229D761BE07A3CA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Goniobranchus albonares (Rudman 1990)	<div><p>Goniobranchus albonares (Rudman, 1990)</p><p>Figures 2a, b, 5a, b, 7a-f</p><p>Chromodoris albonares Rudman, 1990: 100, 307-309, figs 26E, 35, 36; Gosliner et al. 2008: 220, second photograph from the top.</p><p>Goniobranchus albonares: Gosliner et al. 2015: 223, lower left photograph; Gosliner et al. 2018: 153, lower left photograph.</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>New South Wales, Australia.</p><p>Type material.</p><p>AM C156989, one specimen, west side of Northwest Solitary Island, 30.017°S, 156.267°E, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia, 6 m depth, 4 December 1988, J. &amp; J. England, P. Edwards. Not examined in this study due to the original descriptions in Rudman (1990) being comprehensive.</p><p>Geographical distribution.</p><p>Widely distributed around the tropical and subtropical Indo-Pacific Ocean (Debelius and Kuiter 2007; Gosliner 2008, 2015, 2018), Mozambique ( Tibiriçá et al. 2017;  Strömvoll and Jones 2019), Indonesia (Debelius and Kuiter 2007), Japan (Nakano 2018; Ono and Katou 2020), Taiwan (Jie et al. 2009), Australia (Rudman 1990), Madagascar, Philippines, Papua New Guinea (present study), New Caledonia ( Hervé 2010), and Gulf of Oman (Fatemi and Attaran-Fariman 2015).</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>CASIZ 228939, one specimen (2 mm preserved), subsampled for molecular data and dissected, Murals dive site, 13.688°N, 120.866°E, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.083&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.983" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.083/lat -24.983)">Maricaban Strait</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.083&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.983" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.083/lat -24.983)">Mabini</a> (Calumpan Peninsula), Batangas Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.083&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.983" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.083/lat -24.983)">Luzon</a>, Philippines, 9-22 m depth, 29 November 2018, T.M. Gosliner, 2018 <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.083&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.983" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.083/lat -24.983)">Verde Island</a> Passage Expedition. CASIZ 191440, one specimen (3 mm preserved), subsampled for molecular data, Madang Province, GPS not available, Papua New Guinea, depth not available, 26 November 2012, V. Knutson, Papua New Guinea Biodiversity Expedition 2012. CASIZ 194037, one specimen (2 mm preserved), subsampled for molecular data, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.083&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.983" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.083/lat -24.983)">Pointe Evatra</a>, rocky bottom with areas of sand, 24.983°S, 47.083°E, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.083&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.983" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.083/lat -24.983)">South</a> Madagascar, Madagascar, 22 m depth, 30 April 2010, Atimo Vatae South Madagascar Expedition  .</p><p>Description.</p><p>External morphology. Living animals 5-7 mm in length. Body opaque white, oval and elongated, with the outermost portion of the mantle edge having an orange band that gradually blends into a yellow submarginal band. Gill and rhinophores are translucent white with opaque white edges on the lamellae. Six or seven unipinnate gill branches are moderately spreading when fully extended. Rhinophores are relatively large, ~ 2  × as long as the gill branches. Ten or eleven lamellae per rhinophore.</p><p>Buccal mass and radula. The muscular portion of the buccal mass ~ 2/3 the size of the oral tube length (Fig. 5a). The chitinous labial cuticle found at the anterior end of the muscular portion of the buccal mass bears bifurcated and short jaw rodlets (Fig. 7a, b). The radular formula of CASIZ 228939 is 37  × 19.1.19 (Fig. 7c). The rachidian tooth is triangular and short. The inner and outer surfaces of the inner lateral teeth have three denticles on each side of the central cusp (Fig. 7d). The central cusp on the inner lateral tooth is ~ 2  × the length of the adjacent denticles. The middle lateral teeth have a short central cusp with three or four denticles (Fig. 7e). The outer lateral teeth have a rounded main cusp with three or four denticles (Fig. 7f).</p><p>Reproductive system (Fig. 5b). The long, thick, tubular ampulla narrows into a diverging short oviduct and short vas deferens. The proximal prostatic portion of the vas deferens transitions into the muscular ejaculatory portion. The ejaculatory portion narrows and elongates into a wider, long, curved penial bulb that joins with the narrow distal end of the vagina. The vagina is elongate and narrow, joining the larger, spherical bursa copulatrix and the smaller, curved receptaculum seminis at its distal end. A moderately short uterine duct emerges from the receptaculum seminis, which is adjacent to the vagina, and enters into the female gland mass. The female gland mass has small albumen and membrane glands and a large mucous gland.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Goniobranchus albonares was described by Rudman (1990) from New South Wales, Australia; he described the animal as having an elongate, ovate, opaque white mantle with a bright orange band on the edge of the mantle with the inside edge of the orange band being irregular. The rhinophores and gill branches were translucent white with opaque white edges, which is a distinctive feature of this species. Also, the notum was described as smooth, ringed by an orange marginal band and a yellow submarginal band. This morphological description matches well with the  G. albonares specimens in this study, which are quite uniform in color pattern. The vas deferens in  G. albonares is also shorter in comparison to that of all the other white  Goniobranchus with marginal bands species included in this study. The phylogenetic tree also showed a fully supported (1/100%) monophyly for specimens (n = 4) of this species (intraspecific distance within  G. albonares = 1.1-5.2%; Table 2).</p><p>Goniobranchus albonares was included in this study together with all other white  Goniobranchus with marginal bands based on Gosliner et al. (2018). However, in our concatenated phylogenetic tree,  G. albonares is a sister clade to  G. collingwoodi,  G. decorus,  G. fidelis, and  G. geminus, and is genetically comparatively distant from the remainder of the white  Goniobranchus species with marginal bands examined in this study (interspecific p -COI distances between  G. albonares and  G. verrieri = 16.0-18.2%; see Table 2). This suggests a case of convergent evolution of having a white body with marginal bands. Little is known about how predators perceive the color of the nudibranchs (as prey), which may provide clues to factors driving this remarkable similarity.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/62448D73B80353FE8229D761BE07A3CA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Soong, Giun Yee;Bonomo, Lynn J.;Reimer, James D.;Gosliner, Terrence M.	Soong, Giun Yee, Bonomo, Lynn J., Reimer, James D., Gosliner, Terrence M. (2022): Battle of the bands: systematics and phylogeny of the white Goniobranchus nudibranchs with marginal bands (Nudibranchia, Chromodorididae). ZooKeys 1083: 169-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.72939, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.72939
8BA70376327557468EA5C6E95BB4E707.text	8BA70376327557468EA5C6E95BB4E707.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Goniobranchus fabulus Soong & Gosliner 2022	<div><p>Goniobranchus fabulus Soong &amp; Gosliner sp. nov.</p><p>Figures 4a-d, 6e, f, 12a-f</p><p>Chromodoris preciosa (Kelaart, 1858): Rudman 1985: figs 12b, 13b, 17; Gosliner et al. 2008: 219, upper right photo (misidentifications).</p><p>Goniobranchus preciosus (Kelaart, 1858): Gosliner et al. 2015: 222, lower middle right photo; Gosliner et al. 2018: 152: middle right photo (misidentifications).</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: CASIZ 191271 (morphotype B), one specimen (5 mm preserved), subsampled for molecular data and dissected. Siar Island, 5.187°S, 145.807°E, Madang Province, Papua New Guinea, depth not available, 16 November 2012, V. Knutson, Papua New Guinea Biodiversity Expedition 2012.</p><p>Paratypes: CASIZ 177517 (morphotype A), one specimen (3 mm preserved), subsampled for molecular data,  Arthur’s Rock, 13.417°N, 120.517°E, Maricaban Strait, Mabini (Calumpan Peninsula), Batangas Province, Luzon, Philippines, 3 m depth, 21 March 2008, T.M. Gosliner et al., Philippines Expedition March 2008. CASIZ 177685 (morphotype A), one specimen (6 mm preserved), subsampled for molecular data, Bethlehem Channel, 13.672°N, 120.841°E, Bethlehem, Maricaban Island, Batangas Province, Philippines, 15 m depth, 20 April 2008, T.M. Gosliner. CASIZ 201949 (morphotype A), one specimen (5 mm preserved), subsampled for molecular data, Lago de Oro Hotel, 13.917°N, 120.616°E, Verde Island Passage coast, Calatagan, Batangas Province, Luzon Island, Philippines, 2 m depth, 19 May 2014, VIP Team, 2014 Verde Island Passage Expedition. CASIZ 191118 (morphotype B), one specimen (4 mm preserved), subsampled for molecular data, Mangroves, GPS, Madang Province, Papua New Guinea, 3 m depth, 10 November 2012, Papua New Guinea Biodiversity Expedition 2012.</p><p>Geographical distribution.</p><p>This species appears to be restricted to the western and southern central Pacific tropics (Gosliner et al. 2008, 2015, 2018) with reports from the Philippines (present study), Japan (Nakano 2018), Papua New Guinea, New Caledonia, Tonga, Vanuatu (Gosliner et al. 2008), Australia, and Fiji (Rudman 1985).</p><p>Description.</p><p>External morphology. Living animals 12-18 mm in length. Body oval with three marginal bands on the mantle edge. Notum smooth with no apparent spots. Six to ten unipinnate gill branches. Eleven or twelve lamellae on rhinophores. The color pattern exhibits two distinct morphotypes. Morphotype A (Fig. 4a-c) has a creamy opaque white body. The outermost portion of the mantle edge is tinged an opaque bluish white, followed by a deep red band, followed by a yellow submarginal band, and then an opaque white band, with all bands having similar widths. Gill branches and rhinophores are reddish purple with white edges. Morphotype B (Fig. 4d) has an opaque creamy white body. The outermost portion of the mantle edge is surrounded by a speckled opaque white band, followed by a deep red band, a yellow submarginal band, and then an innermost opaque white band. The gill and rhinophores are reddish purple with white edges and opaque white speckles.</p><p>Buccal mass and radula (morphotype B). The muscular portion of the buccal mass is approximately the same size as the oral tube length (Fig. 6e). The chitinous labial cuticle found at the anterior end of the muscular portion of the buccal mass and bears bifurcated and short jaw rodlets (Fig. 12a, b). The radular formula of CASIZ 191271 is 42  × 35.1.35 (Fig. 12c). The rachidian tooth is triangular. The innermost lateral teeth have two denticles on the inner side of the cusp and three or four denticles on the outer side (Fig. 12d). The central cusp on the inner lateral tooth is elongate and ~ 2  × the length of the adjacent denticles. The middle lateral teeth have an elongated central cusp with 5-7 denticles (Fig. 12e). The outer lateral teeth have a rounded tooth with 2-5 denticles (Fig. 12f).</p><p>Reproductive system (Fig. 6f). The thin, tubular ampulla narrows into a diverging short oviduct and long vas deferens. The proximal prostatic portion of the vas deferens is thin and convoluted and transitions into the muscular ejaculatory portion. The long, narrow, convoluted ejaculatory portion transitions into a wider, long penial bulb, which joins with the moderately wide distal end of the vagina. The vagina is elongate and narrow, joining the larger, spherical bursa copulatrix and the smaller, curved receptaculum seminis at its distal end. A moderately long uterine duct that emerges from this junction of vagina, bursa copulatrix, and receptaculum seminis. The uterine duct connects the receptaculum seminis with the female gland mass. The female gland mass has smaller albumen and membrane glands and a larger mucous gland.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Goniobranchus fabulus sp. nov. is named after the Latin word which, in one translation, means a small bean, in reference to the body shape of the nudibranch.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Goniobranchus fabulus sp. nov. was recovered as a sister species to  G. daphne in our phylogenetic analyses, with an interspecific distance of 2.5-4.5% (Table 2).  Goniobranchus daphne possess red spots of different sizes on the notum and can only be found in the Australian waters.</p><p>Goniobranchus fabulus sp. nov. morphotype A in our study matches well with  Rudman’s (1985) description of  Goniobranchus preciosus from New Caledonia based on morphological characteristics. However, in our opinion the morphological characteristics of  G. preciosus sensu Rudman did not match with the original description of  G. preciosus and our specimen sequences are also genetically distinct from  G. preciosus in this study (interspecific p -COI distance between  G. fabulus and  G. preciosus = 6.8-9.2%) (Fig. 1; Table 2). Hence, we have assigned  G. preciosus sensu Rudman (1985) to  G. fabulus sp. nov.</p><p>Goniobranchus fabulus sp. nov. morphotype B is slightly different from morphotype A in having opaque white speckles all over the gills and around the outermost edge of the mantle. This morphotype is only known from Papua New Guinea (Wakeling 2001; Gosliner et al. 2018). There is little genetic difference between the two morphotypes (intraspecific p -COI distances within  G. fabulus sp. nov. = 0.2-3.4%). Confusion of this species with  G. preciosus is discussed in the remarks section of  G. preciosus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8BA70376327557468EA5C6E95BB4E707	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Soong, Giun Yee;Bonomo, Lynn J.;Reimer, James D.;Gosliner, Terrence M.	Soong, Giun Yee, Bonomo, Lynn J., Reimer, James D., Gosliner, Terrence M. (2022): Battle of the bands: systematics and phylogeny of the white Goniobranchus nudibranchs with marginal bands (Nudibranchia, Chromodorididae). ZooKeys 1083: 169-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.72939, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.72939
D228344CFFA157428068A778BB6144F1.text	D228344CFFA157428068A778BB6144F1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Goniobranchus Pease 1866	<div><p>Genus  Goniobranchus Pease, 1866</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Doris vibrata Pease, 1860 =  Goniobranchus vibratus (Pease, 1860) by monotypy. Type locality:  Hawaiʻi .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D228344CFFA157428068A778BB6144F1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Soong, Giun Yee;Bonomo, Lynn J.;Reimer, James D.;Gosliner, Terrence M.	Soong, Giun Yee, Bonomo, Lynn J., Reimer, James D., Gosliner, Terrence M. (2022): Battle of the bands: systematics and phylogeny of the white Goniobranchus nudibranchs with marginal bands (Nudibranchia, Chromodorididae). ZooKeys 1083: 169-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.72939, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.72939
9AC9EFDA757356698ED126104F1D4BD5.text	9AC9EFDA757356698ED126104F1D4BD5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Goniobranchus preciosus (Kelaart 1858)	<div><p>Goniobranchus preciosus (Kelaart, 1858)</p><p>Figures 2c-f, 5c, d, 8a-f</p><p>Doris preciosa Kelaart, 1858: 98; 1883: 89.</p><p>Chromodoris preciosa: Eliot 1906: 642-643, pl. XLII, fig. 3; Eliot 1909: 92---93; Gosliner et al. 2008: 219, lower left and lower right photographs.</p><p>Goniobranchus preciosus: Gosliner et al. 2015: 222, lower left and lower right photographs; Gosliner et al. 2018: 152, lower left and lower right photographs.</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>Sri Lanka (as Ceylon), Indian Ocean.</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Most likely lost to science. Eliot (1906) refers to a few of  Kelaart’s specimens being present in the collections of the Hancock Museum (now the Great North Museum) and that many of these specimens are useless for taxonomy. A search of the collections online indicates that no specimens of  Doris preciosa are currently held in their collection. We made comparisons to  Kelaart’s original drawings and description (Kelaart, 1858), as well as to updates by Eliot (1906, 1909) and Rudman (1985).</p><p>Geographical distribution.</p><p>Widely distributed around the tropical and subtropical Indo-Pacific oceans (Rudman 1985; Debelius and Kuiter 2007; Coleman 2008; Gosliner et al. 2008, 2015, 2018) with specific reports from Sri Lanka (Kelaart 1858), west coast of India and the Andaman Islands (Kumar et al. 2019), Thailand (Mehrotra et al. 2021), Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia (Gosliner et al. 2008), and Japan (Nakano 2018; Ono and Katou 2020). Records cited by Gosliner et al. (2008) from New Caledonia, Tonga, Fiji, Vanuatu, and Australia are of  Goniobranchus fabulus sp. nov., not  G. preciosus .</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>CASIZ 208420 (morphotype A), one specimen (10 mm preserved), subsampled for molecular data, sand slope with reef, 13.522°N, 120.947°E, Manila <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.061&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=2.889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.061/lat 2.889)">Channel</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.061&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=2.889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.061/lat 2.889)">Puerto Galera</a>, Oriental Mindoro Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.061&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=2.889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.061/lat 2.889)">Mindoro</a>, Philippines, 4-22 m depth, 11 April 2015, T.M. Gosliner 2015 <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.061&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=2.889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.061/lat 2.889)">Verde Island</a> Passage Expedition. CASIZ 208415 (morphotype A), one specimen (9 mm preserved), subsampled for molecular data and dissected, School Beach, 13.517°N, 120.950°E, Batangas Channel, Puerto Galera, Oriental Mindoro Province, Mindoro, Philippines, 18 m depth, 10 April 2015, T.M. Gosliner 2015 Verde Island Passage Expedition. CASIZ 208574 (morphotype B), one specimen (11 mm preserved), subsampled for molecular data and dissected, School Beach, 13.516°N, 120.950°E, Batangas Channel, Puerto Galera, Oriental Mindoro Province, Mindoro, Philippines, 6-17 m depth, 8 April 2015, T.M. Gosliner 2015 Verde Island Passage Expedition. CASIZ 176752 (morphotype C), one specimen (10 mm preserved), subsampled for molecular data, Pulau Gut, 2.664°N, 104.167°E, Pulau Tioman, South China Sea, Peninsular Malaysia, 13 m depth, 4 October 2007, T.M. Gosliner. CASIZ 176761 (morphotype D), one specimen (9 mm preserved), subsampled for molecular data, Tiger Point, 2.889°N, 104.061°E, Pulau Tioman, South China Sea, Peninsular Malaysia, 17-19 m depth, 2 October 2007, T.M. Gosliner  .</p><p>Description.</p><p>External morphology. Living animal approximately 15 mm in length. Body white, with low tubercles on the notum; oval and elongated, with three marginal bands on the mantle edge. There is an outermost blue band followed by a deep red submarginal band and a yellow inner submarginal band. Brownish or orange dorsal spotting may be present over the surface of the mantle. In all cases the rhinophores are translucent reddish brown with white edges on the lamellae. The same pigment extends below the rhinophore club onto the stalks of the rhinophores. Rhinophore lamellae number 12-17. Gill branches reddish brown with white lines on the rachis. Nine or ten unipinnate gill branches held erectly when the gill is fully extended. This species exhibits four distinct morphotypes in addition to the unvarying elements described above. Morphotype A (Fig. 2c) has a translucent creamy white body with fine orange spots and blotches on the notum. The outermost portion of the mantle edge is surrounded by a thin opaque bluish white band, followed by a thicker deep red band and then a yellow-orange submarginal band. Gill and rhinophores are translucent red with white edges. Morphotype B (Fig. 2d) has a translucent pale yellow body with brown spots and blotches on the notum. The outermost portion of the mantle edge is surrounded by an opaque bluish white tinged band, followed by an irregular deep red and a yellow-orange submarginal band, with all three bands having similar widths. The gill and rhinophores are translucent brown with opaque cream edges. Morphotype C (Fig. 2e) has an opaque white body with a few low tubercles. The outermost portion of the mantle edge is surrounded by a thin, opaque, bluish white band, followed by thicker deep red and yellow-orange bands. The gill and rhinophores are translucent red with opaque white edges. Morphotype D (Fig. 2f) has a creamy white translucent body with densely speckled orange spots on the notum. The outermost portion of the mantle edge is surrounded by a thin opaque bluish white tinged band, followed by irregular deep red and yellow-orange bands, all three bands having similar widths. The gill and rhinophores are translucent red with opaque white edges.</p><p>Buccal mass and radula (morphotype B). The muscular portion of the buccal mass is ~ 2  × the size of the oral tube length (Fig. 5c). The chitinous labial cuticle is found at the anterior end of the muscular portion of the buccal mass, bearing long, bifurcated jaw rodlets (Fig. 8a, b). The radular formula of CASIZ 208574 is 54  × 47.1.47 (Fig. 8c). The rachidian tooth has a flame-like shape and is blunt at the tips. The inner and outer surfaces of the inner lateral teeth have three or four denticles on each side of the central cusp (Fig. 8d). The central cusp on the inner lateral tooth is ~ 2  × the length of the adjacent denticles. The middle lateral teeth have a long central cusp with 5-8 denticles (Fig. 8e). The outer lateral teeth are rounded and paddle-shaped with six or seven denticles (Fig. 8f).</p><p>Reproductive system (Fig. 5d). The thick, tubular ampulla narrows into a diverging short oviduct and long vas deferens. The proximal prostatic portion of the vas deferens is narrow and convoluted, then transitions into an equally thin muscular ejaculatory portion. The narrow ejaculatory portion elongates into a wider section and again narrows prior to entering the short penial bulb, which joins with the distal end of the vagina. The vagina is short and moderately wide. It terminates at the junction of the large, spherical bursa copulatrix, the curved, pyriform receptaculum seminis, and the uterine duct. The long narrow uterine duct emerges from junction of the vagina, bursa copulatrix, and the receptaculum seminis and enters into the female gland mass. The female gland mass has small albumen and membrane glands and a large mucous gland.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Rudman (1985) redescribed specimens of  G. preciosus from New Caledonia based on the description by Kelaart (1858) and the illustration in Eliot (1906) from Sri Lanka (as Ceylon). Rudman stated that  Eliot’s (1906) reproduction of  Kelaart’s drawing of  Doris preci os a did not match the original description of  G. preciosus by Kelaart (1858). However,  Kelaart’s written description and the reproduction of his drawing by Eliot (1906) clearly match the three main morphotypes of  G. preciosus found in this study. Additionally, Eliot (1909) reported on another  G. preciosus specimen collected by Willey in Sri Lanka that had a few obscure spots on its notum, but  Eliot’s notes did not mention any light bluish tinge on the outermost mantle edge. Rudman (1985) doubted that  Eliot’s (1909) specimen was the real  G. precio s us due to these few obscure spots and the absence of a light bluish margin. Hence, Rudman (1985) considered his specimen from New Caledonia as  G. preciosus based on the descriptions from both Kelaart and Eliot. However,  Rudman’s specimen lacks the dense red spotting described by Kelaart, but illustrated by Eliot, and that is present in the specimens studied here.  Eliot’s illustration matches  G. preciosus morphotype A found in this study. Based on the phylogenetic data in this study, the morphotype that matches  Kelaart’s description (morphotype D; Fig. 2f) and the morphotype that matched  Rudman’s description ( G. fabulus sp. nov.; Fig. 4a-c) are clearly distinct from each other. This distinction, as well as the fact that the species that Rudman identified as  G. preciosus is not found in the Indian Ocean and appears to be restricted to the Western and Central Pacific, suggest separate species and  Rudman’s G. preciosus is herein described as  G. Goniobranchus fabulus sp. nov. These species have been frequently confused and often considered as a single species (e.g., Gosliner et al. 2018), but there are clear morphological distinctions as found in this study. In  G. preciosus, the mantle always has some low tubercles, whereas the notum is smooth in  G. fabulus . The gill branches of  G. preciosus are more erect than those of  G. fabulus . The gill and rhinophores of  G. precious are reddish brown, whereas they are reddish purple in  G. fabulus . In  G. precious the club and stalk of the rhinophores have reddish pigment whereas in  G. fabulus only the rhinophore club is pigmented and the stalk is the same white as the body. The two species overlap in the Philippines (present study), but  G. preciosus is found north and westwards from the Philippines and  G. fabulus is found to the south and eastwards from there.</p><p>Goniobranchus preciosus was recovered as a distinct species in the phylogenetic and ABGD analyses and was sister to a clade containing  G. daphne (interspecific p -COI distances between  G. preciosus and  G. daphne = 7.4-7.9%; Table 2),  Goniobranchus fabulus sp. nov. (interspecific p -COI distances between  G. preciosus and  G. fabulus sp. nov. = 6.8-9.2%; Table 2), and  G. sinensis (interspecific p -COI distances between  G. preciosus and  G. sinensis .= 7.1-9.8%; Table 2).  Goniobranchus preciosus has a high level of intraspecific morphological diversity with the presence of four morphotypes confirmed in this study and yet showed little genetic difference (intraspecific distance within  G. preciosus = 0.4-2.7%; Table 2). These four morphotypes have very close external morphological similarities with  G. verrieri morphotype B and  G. sinensis, with all of them having three marginal bands on the mantle edge and with  G. verrieri morphotype B and some morphotypes of  G. sinensis having spots and patches on the notum. However,  G. verrieri morphotype B has a greatly reduced outer white band compared to the much wider bluish bands of  G. preciosus and  G. sinensis . Only very subtle external morphological differences separate  G. preciosus from the other species in this study.  Goniobranchus preciosus morphotype A has a deeper red submarginal band while  G. verrieri morphotype B has a paler red submarginal band.  Goniobranchus preciosus morphotype B has a pale yellow body coloration that was not observed in any other specimens in this study.  Goniobranchus preciosus morphotype C is very similar to  G. fabulus morphotype A and  G. sinensis morphotype C; however, the gill and rhinophore colors are not the same:  G. preciosus has translucent red rhinophores and gills with opaque white edges,  G. fabulus morphotype A has reddish purple rhinophores and gills with opaque white edges, and  G. sinensis morphotype C has translucent red rhinophores and gills with opaque reddish purple edges.  Goniobranchus preciosus morphotype D has densely speckled orange spots on the notum and an opaque bluish white tinged band on the mantle edge and this character combination was not observed in any other specimens in this study.  Goniobranchus preciosus morphotype D also most closely matched the original external morphology of  G. preciosus as described by Kelaart (1858).</p><p>With regards to internal morphology,  G. preciosus and  G. sinensis each have a flame-shaped rachidian tooth, but differ in their external colors and morphologies.  Goniobranchus preciosus has a tuberculate body texture, whereas  G. sinensis has a smooth notum. The rhinophores of  G. preciosus are reddish brown and have spots of the same color extending onto the rhinophoral stalk. In  G. sinensis, the rhinophores have reddish purple edges along the lamellae of the club and solid reddish purple rather than scattered spots extending onto the rhinophore stalk. Both species have three marginal bands which are similar in color but in  G. preciosus the innermost band is more yellow-orange whereas it is more yellow in  G. sinensis . These differences in color are subtle but appear to be consistent in the specimens studied here.</p><p>The high morphological diversity of  G. preciosus suggests two different forms of morphological adaptations.  Goniobranchus preciosus had different color patterns within the same locality, with two different morphotypes occurring both in the Philippines and in Peninsular Malaysia. At the same time, from a regional perspective,  G. preciosus had color patterns specific to each locality. This is not the first time such a situation has been observed in nudibranchs, as previous studies have demonstrated a form of mimicry in chromodorid nudibranchs resulting in certain chromodorid species displaying morphological variation within a locality as well as individuals with same color pattern within the same locality turning out to be different species (Padula et al. 2016; Layton et al. 2018, 2020).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9AC9EFDA757356698ED126104F1D4BD5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Soong, Giun Yee;Bonomo, Lynn J.;Reimer, James D.;Gosliner, Terrence M.	Soong, Giun Yee, Bonomo, Lynn J., Reimer, James D., Gosliner, Terrence M. (2022): Battle of the bands: systematics and phylogeny of the white Goniobranchus nudibranchs with marginal bands (Nudibranchia, Chromodorididae). ZooKeys 1083: 169-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.72939, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.72939
870E2DC2E81856709B724FBE029699CB.text	870E2DC2E81856709B724FBE029699CB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Goniobranchus rubrocornutus (Rudman 1985)	<div><p>Goniobranchus rubrocornutus (Rudman, 1985)</p><p>Figures 2g, h, 5e, f, 9a-f</p><p>Glossodoris marginata (Pease, 1860): Baba 1938: 11-12 (misidentification).</p><p>Chromodoris rubrocornuta Rudman, 1985: 83, 283-286, figs 12F, 20A, 25, 26A; Gosliner et al. 2008: 221, bottom photograph.</p><p>Goniobranchus rubrocornutus: Gosliner et al. 2015: 224, middle right photograph; Gosliner et al. 2018: 154, middle right photograph.</p><p>Goniobranchus cf. albonares (Rudman, 1985): Mehrotra et al. 2021: 104, fig. 9l (misidentification).</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>Hong Kong.</p><p>Type material.</p><p>AM C138518, one specimen, Flynn Point, 22.467°N, 114.333°E, Hoi Ha, Hong Kong, China, depth not available, 18 April 1983, collector not available. Not examined in this study due to the original description in Rudman (1985) being sufficient for comparisons.</p><p>Geographical distribution.</p><p>Widely distributed around the tropical and subtropical Indo-Pacific oceans (Debelius and Kuiter 2007; Gosliner et al. 2008, 2015, 2018; Rudman 1985) with reports from Thailand (Mehrotra et al. 2021), Malaysia, Philippines, Hong Kong, Palau, American Samoa, Marshall Islands (Gosliner et al. 2008), Japan (Nakano 2018; Ono and Katou 2020), Australia (Rudman 1985), New Caledonia ( Hervé 2010), and the Marianas Islands (Carlson and Hoff 2003).</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>CASIZ 203047 (morphotype A), one specimen (4 mm preserved), subsampled for molecular data and dissected, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.95&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.516" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.95/lat 13.516)">Verde Island
Passage</a> coast, 13.917°N, 120.617°E, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.95&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.516" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.95/lat 13.516)">Calatagan</a>, Batangas Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.95&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.516" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.95/lat 13.516)">Luzon</a>, Philippines, depth not available, 9 May 2014, T.M. Gosliner, 2014 <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.95&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.516" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.95/lat 13.516)">Verde Island</a> Passage Expedition. CASIZ 181235 (morphotype A), one specimen (4 mm preserved), dissected, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.95&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.516" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.95/lat 13.516)">Twin Rocks</a>, 13.683°N, 120.883°E, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.95&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.516" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.95/lat 13.516)">Maricaban Strait</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.95&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.516" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.95/lat 13.516)">Mabini</a> (Calumpan Peninsula), Batangas Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.95&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.516" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.95/lat 13.516)">Luzon</a>, Philippines, depth not available, 22 May 2009, P. Paleracio, CAS Philippines <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.95&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.516" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.95/lat 13.516)">Expedition</a> May 2009. CASIZ 208563 (morphotype B), one specimen (3 mm preserved), subsampled for molecular data, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.95&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.516" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.95/lat 13.516)">School Beach</a>, 13.516°N, 120.95°E, Batangas <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.95&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.516" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.95/lat 13.516)">Channel</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.95&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.516" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.95/lat 13.516)">Puerto Galera</a>, Oriental Mindoro Province, Mindoro, Philippines, 6-18 m depth, 13 April 2015, T.M. Gosliner, 2015 Verde Island Passage Expedition  .</p><p>Description.</p><p>External morphology. Length of living animal 7-14mm. Body oval and elongated, with two marginal bands on the mantle edge. Six to nine unipinnate gill branches, 8-14 lamellae on rhinophores. The color patterns of this species can be divided into two distinct morphotypes. Morphotype A (Fig. 2g) has a translucent creamy white body. The outermost portion of the mantle edge is surrounded by an orange band, followed by an irregular red band, followed by another irregular opaque white band. Gill branches and rhinophores are translucent, deep red with either red or white edges. Morphotype B (Fig. 2h) has an opaque white body. The outermost portion of the mantle edge is surrounded by a red band, followed by a yellow submarginal band and both bands have similar widths. The gill and rhinophores are translucent deep red with bluish white tinged edges.</p><p>Buccal mass and radula. The muscular portion of the buccal mass approximately the same size as the oral tube length (Fig. 5e). The chitinous labial cuticle is found at the anterior end of the muscular portion of the buccal mass and bears bifurcated and short jaw rodlets (Fig. 9a, b). The radular formula of CASIZ 181235 is 39  × 27.1.27 (Fig. 9c). The rachidian tooth is thin and linear. The inner and outer surface of the inner lateral teeth have two or three denticles on each side of the central cusp (Fig. 9d). The central cusp on the inner lateral tooth is ~ 2  × the length of the adjacent denticles. The middle lateral teeth have a short central cusp with 5-7 denticles (Fig. 9e). The outer lateral teeth have a rounded main cusp with 3-5 denticles (Fig. 9f).</p><p>Reproductive system (Fig. 5f). The thick, tubular ampulla narrows into a diverging short oviduct and long vas deferens. The proximal prostatic portion of the vas deferensis thin and convoluted and transitions into the muscular ejaculatory portion. The long, narrow, convoluted ejaculatory portion transitions into a wider, long penial bulb, which joins with the distal end of the vagina. The vagina is proximally narrow and elongated, transitions into a larger, spherical bursa copulatrix and large receptaculum seminis at its distal end. A moderately long uterine duct emerges from this junction of vagina, bursa copulatrix, and receptaculum seminis. The uterine duct connects the receptaculum seminis with the female gland mass. The female gland mass has smaller albumen and membrane glands and a larger mucous gland.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>In this study,  G. rubrocornutus morphotype A matched with  Rudman’s (1985)  G. rubrocornutus from Hong Kong: a creamy white translucent body with the outermost portion of the mantle edge surrounded by an orange band, followed by an irregular red band and an irregular opaque white band. The gill branches and rhinophores were translucent deep red with either red or white edges.  Goniobranchus rubrocornutus morphotype B only has two marginal bands with the outermost red band followed by a yellow submarginal band, and this pattern does not match with  Rudman’s description of  G. rubrocornutus . In this case the inner white submarginal band may simply be masked by the opaque white body color of morphotype B rather than the cream body color of morphotype A. However, in our phylogenetic and species delimitation analyses,  G. rubrocornutus morphotype B was clustered together with morphotype A and both morphotypes did not show any genetic differences (uncorrected pairwise distance = 0.0%). Thus, morphotype B very likely represents a different color variation of  G. rubrocornutus . Recently, molecular work has revealed the presence of mimicry adaptation in chromodorid nudibranchs (e.g., Padula et al. 2016; Layton et al. 2018). Sympatric specimens of chromodorid nudibranchs with different color patterns were found to be the same species (Layton et al. 2018), and this is also the case with our  G. rubrocornutus morphotypes, where both morphotypes are sympatric. In this case, these variations are not likely different cases of mimicry, but simply color variants. Despite the variations observed here, few records of this species have been misidentified, with the exception of Mehrotra et al. (2021), where  G. rubrocornutus was identified as  G. cf. albonares . The specimen illustrated clearly has red rhinophores with white edging rather than white rhinophores and the orange, red, and opaque white marginal and submarginal bands that are characteristic of  G. rubrocornutus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/870E2DC2E81856709B724FBE029699CB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Soong, Giun Yee;Bonomo, Lynn J.;Reimer, James D.;Gosliner, Terrence M.	Soong, Giun Yee, Bonomo, Lynn J., Reimer, James D., Gosliner, Terrence M. (2022): Battle of the bands: systematics and phylogeny of the white Goniobranchus nudibranchs with marginal bands (Nudibranchia, Chromodorididae). ZooKeys 1083: 169-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.72939, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.72939
8E42DAE82FA45DE49127E2D1157AF69D.text	8E42DAE82FA45DE49127E2D1157AF69D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Goniobranchus sinensis (Rudman 1985)	<div><p>Goniobranchus sinensis (Rudman, 1985)</p><p>Figures 3a-d, 6a, b, 10a-f</p><p>Glossodoris marginata (Pease, 1860): Baba 1938: 11-12, fig. 8; Abe 1964: 47, pl. 21, fig. 74; Lin and Tchang 1965: 10, pl. 1, fig. 11 (misidentifications).</p><p>Chromodoris marginata (Pease, 1860): Orr 1981: 27 (misidentification)</p><p>Chromodoris sinensis Rudman, 1985: 83, 272-275, figs 12C, 13C, 14C, 15C, 18, 19; Gosliner et al. 2008: 219, bottom photograph.</p><p>Goniobranchus sinensis: Gosliner et al. 2015: 223, middle left photograph; Gosliner et al. 2018: 153, middle left photograph.</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>Hong Kong.</p><p>Type material.</p><p>AM C139295, one specimen, Fan Tsang Chau Island, 22.367°N, 114.400°E, Hong Kong, China, 10 m depth, 11 August 1983. Type material not examined due to high level of detailed work provided by the original description in Rudman (1985).</p><p>Geographical distribution.</p><p>This species appears to be restricted to areas of the southeast Asian mainland and the islands of Japan, Taiwan, and islands off eastern Peninsular Malaysia (Debelius and Kuiter 2007; Coleman 2008; Gosliner et al. 2008, 2015, 2018) with reports from the Andaman Islands (Kumar et al. 2019), the east coast of Thailand (Mehrotra et al. 2021), the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia (present study), Japan (Nakano 2018; Ono and Katou 2020), Taiwan (Jie et al. 2009), Hong Kong (Rudman 1985), and the Gulf of Oman (Fatemi and Attaran-Fariman 2015).</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>MISE-047-19 (morphotype A), one specimen, subsampled for molecular data and dissected, 31.281°N, 130.203°E, Kagoshima, Japan, 10 m depth, 14 July 2019, A. Tsuyuki. MISE-037-19 (morphotype A), one specimen, subsampled for molecular data, Sakurajima Evacuation <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=2.664" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.167/lat 2.664)">Port Number</a> 4, 31.552°N, 130.632°E, Kagoshima, Japan, 10 m depth, 10 July 2019, H. Kise. MISE-039-19 (morphotype A), one specimen, subsampled for molecular data, east side of Okiko-jima, 31.544°N, 130.617°E, Kagoshima, Japan, 8 m depth, 12 July 2019,  G. Y. Soong. MISE-010-19 (morphotype B), one specimen, subsampled for molecular data and dissected, Tengan, 26.400°N, 127.833°E, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=2.664" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.167/lat 2.664)">Okinawa-jima Island</a>, Japan, 8 m depth, 3 May 2019,  G. Y. Soong. MISE-056-19 (morphotype B), one specimen, subsampled for molecular data, Tengan, 26.400°N, 127.833°E, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=2.664" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.167/lat 2.664)">Okinawa-jima Island</a>, Japan, 12 m depth, 27 October 2019,  G. Y. Soong. MISE-024-18 (morphotype B), one specimen, subsampled for molecular data, Tengan, 26.400°N, 127.833° E, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=2.664" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.167/lat 2.664)">Okinawa-jima Island</a>, Japan, 7 m depth, 12 April 2018,  G. Y. Soong. MISE-024-19 (morphotype B), one specimen, subsampled for molecular data, Tengan, 26.400°N, 127.833°E, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=2.664" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.167/lat 2.664)">Okinawa-jima Island</a>, Japan, 5 m depth, 16 June 2019, Y. Kushida. MISE-009-19 (morphotype B), one specimen, subsampled for molecular data, Tengan, 26.400°N, 127.833°E, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=2.664" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.167/lat 2.664)">Okinawa-jima Island</a>, Japan, 8 m depth, 3 May 2019,  G. Y. Soong. MISE-055-19 (morphotype B), one specimen, subsampled for molecular data, Tengan, 26.400°N, 127.833°E, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=2.664" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.167/lat 2.664)">Okinawa-jima Island</a>, Japan, 8 m depth, 27 October 2019, H. Kise. MISE-020-18 (morphotype B), one specimen, subsampled for molecular data, Tengan, 26.400°N, 127.833°E, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=2.664" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.167/lat 2.664)">Okinawa-jima Island</a>, Japan, 9 m depth, 12 April 2018,  G. Y. Soong. MISE-010-19 (morphotype B), one specimen, subsampled for molecular data, Tengan, 26.400°N, 127.833°E, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=2.664" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.167/lat 2.664)">Okinawa-jima Island</a>, Japan, 8 m depth, 3 May 2019,  G. Y. Soong. MISE-023-18 (morphotype B), one specimen, subsampled for molecular data, Tengan, 26.400°N, 127.833°E, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=2.664" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.167/lat 2.664)">Okinawa-jima Island</a>, Japan, 7 m depth, 12 April 2018,  G. Y. Soong. MISE-018-19 (morphotype B), one specimen, subsampled for molecular data, Red Beach, 26.447°N, 127.912°E, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=2.664" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.167/lat 2.664)">Okinawa-jima Island</a>, Japan, 6 m depth, 19 May 2019,  G. Y. Soong. MISE-022-18 (morphotype B), one specimen, subsampled for molecular data, Tengan, 26.400°N, 127.833°E, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=2.664" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.167/lat 2.664)">Okinawa-jima Island</a>, Japan, 10 m depth, 12 April 2018,  G. Y. Soong. MISE-008-19 (morphotype B), one specimen, subsampled for molecular data, Tengan, 26.400°N, 127.833°E, Okinawa-jima Island, Japan, 8 m depth, 3 May 2019,  G. Y. Soong. CASIZ 176759 (morphotype C), one specimen, subsampled for molecular data, Waterfall Bay, 2.720°N, 104.195°E, Pulau Tioman, South China Sea, Peninsular Malaysia, 14 m depth, 4 October 2007, T.M. Gosliner et al. CASIZ 175727 (morphotype C), one specimen (2 mm preserved), subsampled for molecular data, Pulau Gut, 2.664°N, 104.167°E, Pulau Tioman, South China Sea, Peninsular Malaysia. 14 m depth, 4 October 2007, T.M. Gosliner. CASIZ 189457 (morphotype C), one specimen (3 mm preserved), subsampled for molecular data, location not available, GPS data not available, Peninsular Malaysia, depth not available, 4 October 2007, T.M. Gosliner  .</p><p>Description.</p><p>External morphology. Living animal ~ 10 mm in length. Body smooth, without tubercles, oval and elongated, with three marginal bands on the mantle edge. Seven to ten unipinnate gill branches, 13-18 rhinophore lamellae. The species has three distinct morphotypes based on color patterns. Morphotype A (Fig. 3a) has a translucent creamy white body with no spots on the notum. The outermost portion of the mantle edge is surrounded by a thin whitish blue band, followed by one each of thicker red and yellow bands. The gill and rhinophores are translucent red with reddish purple edges. Morphotype B (Fig. 3b, c) has a translucent white body with brown spots on the notum. The outermost portion of the mantle edge is surrounded by an opaque bluish white tinged band, followed by red and yellow submarginal bands, and all three bands have similar widths. The gill and rhinophores are translucent red with opaque white edges. Morphotype C (Fig. 3d) has a creamy white but translucent body with fine orange spots on the notum. The outermost portion of the mantle edge is surrounded by a thin opaque bluish white tinged band, followed by a thicker irregular red band, and then a yellow submarginal band of similar thickness to the red band. Gill and rhinophores are translucent red with reddish purple edges.</p><p>Buccal mass and radula (morphotype A). The muscular portion of the buccal mass approximately the same size as the oral tube length (Fig. 6a). The chitinous labial cuticle found at the anterior end of the muscular portion of the buccal mass bearing bifurcated and long jaw rodlets (Fig. 10a, b). The radular formula of MISE-010-19 and MISE-047-19 (Fig. 10c) are 46  × 40.1.40 and 52  × 40.1.40, respectively. The rachidian tooth is triangular, thin, with a blunt tip. The innermost lateral teeth have two or three denticles on the inner side and 3-5 denticles on the outer side of the central cusp (Fig. 10d). The central cusp on the inner lateral tooth is elongate and ~ 2  × the length of the adjacent denticles. The middle lateral teeth have a short central cusp with six or seven denticles (Fig. 10e). The outer lateral teeth have a rounded main cusp with five denticles (Fig. 10f).</p><p>Reproductive system (Fig. 6b). The thick, tubular ampulla narrows into a diverging short oviduct and long vas deferens. The proximal prostatic portion of the vas deferens is thin and convoluted and transitions into the muscular ejaculatory portion. The long, narrow, convoluted ejaculatory portion transitions into a wider and long curved penial bulb, which joins with the distal end of the vagina. The vagina is narrow and elongated and transitions into a larger, spherical bursa copulatrix and the smaller, curved receptaculum seminis at its distal end. A moderately long uterine duct emerges from this junction of vagina, bursa, and receptaculum seminis. The uterine duct connects the receptaculum seminis with the female gland mass. The female gland mass has smaller albumen and membrane glands and a larger mucous gland.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Our  G. sinensis morphotype A specimens are the same as  Rudman’s (1985) specimens; all of  Rudman’s (1985) specimens were collected from Hong Kong. He only found one morphotype, with a translucent creamy white body and the outermost portion of the mantle edge surrounded by a thin white band, followed by one each of thicker red and yellow bands. The gill and rhinophores were translucent red with reddish purple edges. Some of the specimens he collected also had fine orange-brown specks on the notum; however, this morphological trait was observed in comparatively few of the newly collected specimens and is found in morphotype C (Fig. 3d). Rudman (1985) also synonymized specimens documented by Baba (1938) and Abe (1964) from Japan as  G. sinensis, further supporting the identification of our specimens from Kagoshima, Japan as  G. sinensis . Morphotype A has thus been reported from Hong Kong and Japan. In our study, we also observed two more morphotypes of  G. sinensis: morphotype B from Okinawa, Japan and morphotype C from Peninsular Malaysia.</p><p>Goniobranchus sinensis demonstrates intraspecific variation (intraspecific p -COI distance within  G. sinensis = 0.0-1.4%) in morphology based on geographic location, with specimens collected from Peninsular Malaysia, Okinawa, and mainland Japan in this study. Body patterns of nudibranchs can vary depending on environmental factors (Rudman 1991), and this may explain the morphological variation in  G. sinensis as observed by Rudman (1991) and in the current study. Distinctive features of the external morphology are included in the remarks for  G. preciosus, the species with which this species has been most frequently confused.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8E42DAE82FA45DE49127E2D1157AF69D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Soong, Giun Yee;Bonomo, Lynn J.;Reimer, James D.;Gosliner, Terrence M.	Soong, Giun Yee, Bonomo, Lynn J., Reimer, James D., Gosliner, Terrence M. (2022): Battle of the bands: systematics and phylogeny of the white Goniobranchus nudibranchs with marginal bands (Nudibranchia, Chromodorididae). ZooKeys 1083: 169-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.72939, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.72939
9C9378529C5B515B805E6DF7BD8445AD.text	9C9378529C5B515B805E6DF7BD8445AD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Goniobranchus verrieri (Crosse 1875)	<div><p>Goniobranchus verrieri (Crosse, 1875)</p><p>Figures 3e, f, 6c, d, 11a-f</p><p>Doris marginata Pease, 1860: 30 (junior homonym of both  Doris marginata Montagu, 1804: 79 and  Doris marginata Quoy &amp; Gaimard, 1832: 255-256).</p><p>Goniodoris verrieri Crosse, 1875: 313, 314, pl. 12, fig. 5.</p><p>Chromodoris marginata: Bergh, 1880: 27, pl. 13, figs 22, 23; Risbec 1928: 133-136, fig. 33, pl. 6, fig. 4; Risbec 1953: 63-66, fig. 26; Kay 1979: 467, 468, fig. 150D.</p><p>Glossodoris verrieri: Pruvot-Fol 1951: 155.</p><p>Chromodoris verrieri: Risbec 1953: 80; Rudman 1985: 262-267, figs 12A, 13A, 14, 15A; Gosliner et al. 2008: 221, top photograph.</p><p>Chromodoris trimarginata (Winckworth, 1946): Kay and Young 1969: 205, 206, figs 45, 55 (misidentification).</p><p>Goniobranchus verrieri: Gosliner et al. 2015: 223, top right photograph; Gosliner et al. 2018: 153, top right photograph.</p><p>Chromodoris sinensis Rudman, 1985: 263, fig. 12C; Yonow 2001: 26, pl 3, fig. 6 (misidentifications).</p><p>Type locality.</p><p>Noumea, New Caledonia.</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Most likely lost to science.  Crosse’s types are deposited in the  Muséum national  d’Histoire naturelle (Paris), but the list of types by  Valdés and Heros (1998) of Recent and fossil opisthobranchs does not mention any material of  Goniodoris verrieri Crosse, 1875. We base our identification from  Crosse’s illustration (1875: pl. 12, fig. 5), which agrees with the morphological study of Rudman (1985).</p><p>Geographical distribution.</p><p>Widely distributed around the tropical and subtropical Indo-Pacific oceans (Rudman 1985; Debelius 1996; Debelius and Kuiter 2007; Coleman 2008; Gosliner et al. 2008, 2015, 2018) with reports from across South Africa, Madagascar, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Midway Atoll, Hawaiian Islands (Gosliner et al. 2018), Australia (Slack-Smith and Bryce 2004; Nimbs and Smith 2016), Tanzania (Rudman 1985), Thailand (Mehrotra et al. 2021), Mozambique ( Strömvoll and Jones 2019), Japan (Nakano 2018; Ono and Katou 2020), Taiwan (Jie et al. 2009), New Caledonia ( Hervé 2010), Marshall Islands (Rudman 1985), and Mariana Islands (Carlson and Hoff 2003).</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>CASIZ 203059 (morphotype A), one specimen (3 mm preserved), subsampled for molecular data and dissected, Balibago dive site, 13.932°N, 120.611°E., Verde Island Passage Coast, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.933&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.617" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.933/lat 13.617)">Calatagan</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.933&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.617" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.933/lat 13.617)">Batangas Province</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.933&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.617" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.933/lat 13.617)">Luzon Island</a>, Philippines, 12 m depth, 17 May 2014, S. Matsuda, 2014 <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.933&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.617" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.933/lat 13.617)">Verde Island</a> Passage Expedition. CASIZ 208442 (morphotype B), one specimen (5 mm preserved), subsampled for molecular data and dissected. Culebra (Bonito) Island, 13.617°N, 120.933°E, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.933&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.617" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.933/lat 13.617)">Maricaban Island</a>, Tingloy, Batangas Province, Luzon, Philippines, 3-30 m depth, 18 April 2015, G. Paulay, 2015 <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.933&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.617" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.933/lat 13.617)">Verde Island</a> Passage Expedition  .</p><p>Description.</p><p>External morphology. Living animals approximately 11-17 mm in length. Body oval, with two marginal bands of similar widths on the mantle edge. Gill and rhinophores are translucent red with a mix of red and white edges. Four to eight unipinnate gill branches. Ten or eleven lamellae on rhinophores. The color patterns of this species can be divided into two distinct morphotypes. Morphotype A (Fig. 3e) has an opaque white body. The outermost portion of the mantle edge is surrounded by a red margin and a yellow submarginal band with both bands of similar widths. Morphotype B (Fig. 3f) has a translucent creamy white body with small orange spots on the notum. The outermost portion of the mantle edge is surrounded by a very thin opaque white band, followed by a red and a yellow submarginal band.</p><p>Buccal mass and radula (morphotype A). The muscular portion of the buccal mass is approximately the same size as the oral tube length (Fig. 6c). The chitinous labial cuticle found at the anterior end of the muscular portion of the buccal mass bearing bifurcated and short jaw rodlets (Fig. 11a, b). The radular formula of CASIZ 203059 is 37  × 28.1.28 (Fig. 11c). The rachidian tooth is flame-like in shape and short. The inner and outer surfaces of the inner lateral teeth have three denticles on each side (Fig. 11d). The central cusp on the inner lateral tooth is ~ 2  × the length of the adjacent denticles. The middle lateral teeth have a short central cusp with approximately four or five denticles (Fig. 11e). The outer lateral teeth have a rounded tooth shaped with ~ 2-4 denticles (Fig. 11f).</p><p>Reproductive system (Fig. 6d). The thick, tubular ampulla narrows into a diverging short oviduct and long vas deferens. The proximal prostatic portion of the vas deferens is wide and convoluted and transitions into the muscular ejaculatory portion. The long, narrow, convoluted ejaculatory portion transitions into a wider, long penial bulb, which joins with the distal end of the vagina. The thick muscular vagina is elongated and transitions into a larger, spherical bursa copulatrix. At this junction of the vagina and bursa copulatrix, the smaller pyriform receptaculum seminis also connects. The moderately long uterine duct that emerges from the junction of the vagina, bursa copulatrix, and receptaculum seminis enters into the female gland mass. This uterine duct junction also extends proximally on one side and includes a larger portion of the vagina. The female gland mass has small albumen and membrane glands and a large mucous gland.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Goniobranchus verrieri was originally described by Crosse (1875) from New Caledonia. The species had been previously described by Pease (1860) as  Doris marginata from  Hawaiʻi . However, the name  Doris marginata was pre-occupied: several different species had been given the same name and  Goniobranchus verrieri is the next available name for this species. Crosse described the animal as having a white body and the mantle edged in a light red margin and a yellow tinged submarginal band. This description matches the external morphology of the  G. verrieri morphotype A in this study and specimens studied by Rudman (1985).</p><p>Goniobranchus verrieri morphotype B has a creamy translucent body with small orange spots on the notum and three marginal bands on mantle edge. Although this pattern did not match with the original description of  G. verrieri, the phylogenetic and species delimitation analyses in this study showed that  G. verrieri morphotype B is clustered with morphotype A. Based on this result, we consider morphotype B a color variation of  G. verrieri . Both morphotypes also showed little genetic differences (intraspecific p -COI distance within  G. verrieri = 1.3-3.7%), also suggesting that  G. verrieri has morphological variation, similarly observed in some other white  Goniobranchus species with marginal bands in this study. The vast majority of specimens of  G. verrieri closely resemble morphotype A and there has been relatively little confusion of this species with others that have a white body and marginal bands. Spotted specimens of  G. verrieri could be confused with  G. preciosus, but have a more spreading gill plume whereas  G. preciosus always have an erect gill plume.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9C9378529C5B515B805E6DF7BD8445AD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Soong, Giun Yee;Bonomo, Lynn J.;Reimer, James D.;Gosliner, Terrence M.	Soong, Giun Yee, Bonomo, Lynn J., Reimer, James D., Gosliner, Terrence M. (2022): Battle of the bands: systematics and phylogeny of the white Goniobranchus nudibranchs with marginal bands (Nudibranchia, Chromodorididae). ZooKeys 1083: 169-210, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.72939, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1083.72939
