taxonID	type	format	identifier	references	title	description	created	creator	contributor	publisher	audience	source	license	rightsHolder	datasetID
8C6587D7FFA7FFE0156375A3FBB55CD0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814342/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814342	Figure 11. Velutinidae jaws. A, M, Marseniopsis mollis, CE 6152. B, N, O, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 2339. C, Limneria prolongata, BAU 4228. D, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3758. E, Variolipallium regium sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2013-69285, holotype. F, Variolipallium sp. (L10), MNHN-IM-2013-69280. G, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype.H, Pacifica sp. (L19), MNHN-IM-2009-16136.I,Djiboutia sp.(L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053.J,Coriocella cf.jayi (L28), MNHN-IM-2009-16119. K, Lamellaria latens complex (L40), BAU 2536.2. L, Marsenia sp. (L45), MNHN-IM-2013-59960. Scale bars: H, M–O, 100 µm; A–G, I–L, 500 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	Figure 11. Velutinidae jaws. A, M, Marseniopsis mollis, CE 6152. B, N, O, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 2339. C, Limneria prolongata, BAU 4228. D, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3758. E, Variolipallium regium sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2013-69285, holotype. F, Variolipallium sp. (L10), MNHN-IM-2013-69280. G, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype.H, Pacifica sp. (L19), MNHN-IM-2009-16136.I,Djiboutia sp.(L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053.J,Coriocella cf.jayi (L28), MNHN-IM-2009-16119. K, Lamellaria latens complex (L40), BAU 2536.2. L, Marsenia sp. (L45), MNHN-IM-2013-59960. Scale bars: H, M–O, 100 µm; A–G, I–L, 500 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFA7FFE7156373E4FDA25BAB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814330/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814330	Figure 8. Velutinidae shells. A, Djiboutia sp. (L26), MNHN-IM-2019-7668. B, Coriocella sp. (L27), MNHN-IM-2013-84230. C, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-14179. D, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-14574. Scale bars: A, C, D, 1 mm; B, 5 mm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	Figure 8. Velutinidae shells. A, Djiboutia sp. (L26), MNHN-IM-2019-7668. B, Coriocella sp. (L27), MNHN-IM-2013-84230. C, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-14179. D, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-14574. Scale bars: A, C, D, 1 mm; B, 5 mm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFA1FFEA15D772ECFEA0594A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814318/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814318	Figure 4. A, Marseniopsis sp. (M9), MNA 5376. B, Marseniopsis conica, MNA 5361. C, Marsenina zadei, LACM 182861. D, Marsenina rhombica, LACM 182862. E, Limneria prolongata, LACM 182858. F, Velutina sp., LACM 182869. G, Hainotis sharonae. H, Variolipallium regium sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2013-69285, holotype. I, Variolipallium sp. (L3), MNHN-IM-2013-69605. J, Variolipallium sp. (L10), MNHN-IM-2013-69280. Photograph credits: A, B, MNA, Stefano Schiaparelli; C–F, Nancy Treneman; G, iNaturalist, Robin Gwen Agarwal; H–J, MNHN, Philippe Maestrati. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	Figure 4. A, Marseniopsis sp. (M9), MNA 5376. B, Marseniopsis conica, MNA 5361. C, Marsenina zadei, LACM 182861. D, Marsenina rhombica, LACM 182862. E, Limneria prolongata, LACM 182858. F, Velutina sp., LACM 182869. G, Hainotis sharonae. H, Variolipallium regium sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2013-69285, holotype. I, Variolipallium sp. (L3), MNHN-IM-2013-69605. J, Variolipallium sp. (L10), MNHN-IM-2013-69280. Photograph credits: A, B, MNA, Stefano Schiaparelli; C–F, Nancy Treneman; G, iNaturalist, Robin Gwen Agarwal; H–J, MNHN, Philippe Maestrati. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFADFFEA16D27672FB115AB9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814312/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814312	Figure 2. Phylogenetic relationships of the family Velutinidae (Bayesian tree based on the combined dataset), with clades (A–L) collapsed by genera. Numbers at nodes indicate branch support values [posterior probability (PP) and ultrafast bootstrap (UFb) values, respectively]; support values are shown only when at least one of them is ≥ 80%; white circles at nodes indicate maximum support (PP = 1, Ufb = 100). On the right side of the tree, for each genus is reported a representative photograph of the shell, a schematic representation of the radula, the depth range (in metres) and the geographical distribution.	Figure 2. Phylogenetic relationships of the family Velutinidae (Bayesian tree based on the combined dataset), with clades (A–L) collapsed by genera. Numbers at nodes indicate branch support values [posterior probability (PP) and ultrafast bootstrap (UFb) values, respectively]; support values are shown only when at least one of them is ≥ 80%; white circles at nodes indicate maximum support (PP = 1, Ufb = 100). On the right side of the tree, for each genus is reported a representative photograph of the shell, a schematic representation of the radula, the depth range (in metres) and the geographical distribution.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFADFFEA16D27672FB115AB9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814314/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814314	Figure 3. Phylogenetic relationships of the family Velutinidae (Bayesian tree based on the combined dataset) showing clades A–L expanded. Numbers at nodes indicate branch support values [posterior probability (PP) and ultrafast bootstrap (UFb) values, respectively]; support values are shown only when at least one of them is ≥ 80%; white circles at nodes indicate maximum support (PP = 1, Ufb = 100). Boxes indicate hypothetical species; dashed lines indicate possible alternative species partitions. Coloured boxes on the right indicate genera, and white boxes indicate subfamilies. Letters at the end of sample codes broadly indicate the area of origin:AK, Alaska; ANT, Antarctica; AR, Argentina; BC, British Columbia; BRE, Bretagne; CA, California; CH, China; COR, Corse; CR, Costa Rica; FL, Florida; GF, French Guiana; GP, Guadeloupe; HI, Hawaii; IT, Italy; MG, Madagascar; MQ, Martinique; MX, Mexico; MZ, Mozambique; NC, New Caledonia; NL, Newfoundland; NO, Norway; OR, Oregon; PA, Panama; PF, French Polynesia; PG, Papua New Guinea; PH, Philippines; QLS, Queensland; RE, Reunion; SA, Saudi Arabia; SP, Spain; TAS, Tasmania; TW, Taiwan; VU, Vanuatu; WA, Washington State; ZNZ, Zanzibar.	Figure 3. Phylogenetic relationships of the family Velutinidae (Bayesian tree based on the combined dataset) showing clades A–L expanded. Numbers at nodes indicate branch support values [posterior probability (PP) and ultrafast bootstrap (UFb) values, respectively]; support values are shown only when at least one of them is ≥ 80%; white circles at nodes indicate maximum support (PP = 1, Ufb = 100). Boxes indicate hypothetical species; dashed lines indicate possible alternative species partitions. Coloured boxes on the right indicate genera, and white boxes indicate subfamilies. Letters at the end of sample codes broadly indicate the area of origin:AK, Alaska; ANT, Antarctica; AR, Argentina; BC, British Columbia; BRE, Bretagne; CA, California; CH, China; COR, Corse; CR, Costa Rica; FL, Florida; GF, French Guiana; GP, Guadeloupe; HI, Hawaii; IT, Italy; MG, Madagascar; MQ, Martinique; MX, Mexico; MZ, Mozambique; NC, New Caledonia; NL, Newfoundland; NO, Norway; OR, Oregon; PA, Panama; PF, French Polynesia; PG, Papua New Guinea; PH, Philippines; QLS, Queensland; RE, Reunion; SA, Saudi Arabia; SP, Spain; TAS, Tasmania; TW, Taiwan; VU, Vanuatu; WA, Washington State; ZNZ, Zanzibar.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFADFFEA16D27672FB115AB9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814318/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814318	Figure 4. A, Marseniopsis sp. (M9), MNA 5376. B, Marseniopsis conica, MNA 5361. C, Marsenina zadei, LACM 182861. D, Marsenina rhombica, LACM 182862. E, Limneria prolongata, LACM 182858. F, Velutina sp., LACM 182869. G, Hainotis sharonae. H, Variolipallium regium sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2013-69285, holotype. I, Variolipallium sp. (L3), MNHN-IM-2013-69605. J, Variolipallium sp. (L10), MNHN-IM-2013-69280. Photograph credits: A, B, MNA, Stefano Schiaparelli; C–F, Nancy Treneman; G, iNaturalist, Robin Gwen Agarwal; H–J, MNHN, Philippe Maestrati. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	Figure 4. A, Marseniopsis sp. (M9), MNA 5376. B, Marseniopsis conica, MNA 5361. C, Marsenina zadei, LACM 182861. D, Marsenina rhombica, LACM 182862. E, Limneria prolongata, LACM 182858. F, Velutina sp., LACM 182869. G, Hainotis sharonae. H, Variolipallium regium sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2013-69285, holotype. I, Variolipallium sp. (L3), MNHN-IM-2013-69605. J, Variolipallium sp. (L10), MNHN-IM-2013-69280. Photograph credits: A, B, MNA, Stefano Schiaparelli; C–F, Nancy Treneman; G, iNaturalist, Robin Gwen Agarwal; H–J, MNHN, Philippe Maestrati. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFADFFEA16D27672FB115AB9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814324/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814324	Figure 6. Velutinidae shells. A, Marseniopsis conica, BAS 03-764. B, Hainotis sharonae, LACM 1059, holotype (after Willet, 1939: fig. 1 and 1a). C, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 4229. D, Limneria prolongata, BAU 4228. Scale bars: A, 1 mm; C, D, 5 mm; B, shell maximum diameter = 5.5 mm, shell height 7.4 mm.	Figure 6. Velutinidae shells. A, Marseniopsis conica, BAS 03-764. B, Hainotis sharonae, LACM 1059, holotype (after Willet, 1939: fig. 1 and 1a). C, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 4229. D, Limneria prolongata, BAU 4228. Scale bars: A, 1 mm; C, D, 5 mm; B, shell maximum diameter = 5.5 mm, shell height 7.4 mm.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFADFFEA16D27672FB115AB9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814334/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814334	Figure 9. Velutinidae protoconchs. A, Marseniopsis conica, BAS 03-764. B, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 4229. C, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3758. D, Variolipallium cerebroides, NIWA 74086.A. E, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype.F, Pacifica sp. (L16), MNHN-IM-2013-58543. G, Djiboutia sp. (L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053. H, Coriocella sp. (L27), MNHN-IM-2013-84230. I, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-14179. J, Lamellaria mopsicolor, MNHN-IM-2013-73086. K, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-14574. L, Marsenia sp. (L42), MNHN-IM-2019-7641. Scale bars: A–L, 500 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses. Arrows indicate protoconch I – protoconch II boundary.	Figure 9. Velutinidae protoconchs. A, Marseniopsis conica, BAS 03-764. B, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 4229. C, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3758. D, Variolipallium cerebroides, NIWA 74086.A. E, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype.F, Pacifica sp. (L16), MNHN-IM-2013-58543. G, Djiboutia sp. (L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053. H, Coriocella sp. (L27), MNHN-IM-2013-84230. I, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-14179. J, Lamellaria mopsicolor, MNHN-IM-2013-73086. K, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-14574. L, Marsenia sp. (L42), MNHN-IM-2019-7641. Scale bars: A–L, 500 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses. Arrows indicate protoconch I – protoconch II boundary.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFADFFEA16D27672FB115AB9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814338/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814338	Figure 10. Velutinidae radulae. A, Marseniopsis mollis, CE 6137. B, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 4229. C, Velutina cf. coriacea, LACM 182870. D, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3751. E, Variolipallium regium sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2013-69285, holotype. F, Variolipallium sp. (L10), MNHN-IM-2013-69280. G, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype. H, Pacifica sp. (L15), MNHN-IM-2013-59969. I, Djiboutia sp. (L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053. J, Coriocella sp. (L27), MNHN-IM-2013-84230. K, Lamellaria mopsicolor, MNHN-IM-2013-73086. L, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-14113. M, Marsenia herberti, MNHN-IM-2019-8503. N, Marsenia sp. (L45), MNHN-IM-2013-59960. O, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-5980. Scale bars: A–O, 100 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	Figure 10. Velutinidae radulae. A, Marseniopsis mollis, CE 6137. B, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 4229. C, Velutina cf. coriacea, LACM 182870. D, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3751. E, Variolipallium regium sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2013-69285, holotype. F, Variolipallium sp. (L10), MNHN-IM-2013-69280. G, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype. H, Pacifica sp. (L15), MNHN-IM-2013-59969. I, Djiboutia sp. (L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053. J, Coriocella sp. (L27), MNHN-IM-2013-84230. K, Lamellaria mopsicolor, MNHN-IM-2013-73086. L, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-14113. M, Marsenia herberti, MNHN-IM-2019-8503. N, Marsenia sp. (L45), MNHN-IM-2013-59960. O, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-5980. Scale bars: A–O, 100 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFADFFEA16D27672FB115AB9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814342/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814342	Figure 11. Velutinidae jaws. A, M, Marseniopsis mollis, CE 6152. B, N, O, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 2339. C, Limneria prolongata, BAU 4228. D, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3758. E, Variolipallium regium sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2013-69285, holotype. F, Variolipallium sp. (L10), MNHN-IM-2013-69280. G, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype.H, Pacifica sp. (L19), MNHN-IM-2009-16136.I,Djiboutia sp.(L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053.J,Coriocella cf.jayi (L28), MNHN-IM-2009-16119. K, Lamellaria latens complex (L40), BAU 2536.2. L, Marsenia sp. (L45), MNHN-IM-2013-59960. Scale bars: H, M–O, 100 µm; A–G, I–L, 500 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	Figure 11. Velutinidae jaws. A, M, Marseniopsis mollis, CE 6152. B, N, O, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 2339. C, Limneria prolongata, BAU 4228. D, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3758. E, Variolipallium regium sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2013-69285, holotype. F, Variolipallium sp. (L10), MNHN-IM-2013-69280. G, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype.H, Pacifica sp. (L19), MNHN-IM-2009-16136.I,Djiboutia sp.(L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053.J,Coriocella cf.jayi (L28), MNHN-IM-2009-16119. K, Lamellaria latens complex (L40), BAU 2536.2. L, Marsenia sp. (L45), MNHN-IM-2013-59960. Scale bars: H, M–O, 100 µm; A–G, I–L, 500 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFADFFE915087403FDE55B58.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814312/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814312	Figure 2. Phylogenetic relationships of the family Velutinidae (Bayesian tree based on the combined dataset), with clades (A–L) collapsed by genera. Numbers at nodes indicate branch support values [posterior probability (PP) and ultrafast bootstrap (UFb) values, respectively]; support values are shown only when at least one of them is ≥ 80%; white circles at nodes indicate maximum support (PP = 1, Ufb = 100). On the right side of the tree, for each genus is reported a representative photograph of the shell, a schematic representation of the radula, the depth range (in metres) and the geographical distribution.	Figure 2. Phylogenetic relationships of the family Velutinidae (Bayesian tree based on the combined dataset), with clades (A–L) collapsed by genera. Numbers at nodes indicate branch support values [posterior probability (PP) and ultrafast bootstrap (UFb) values, respectively]; support values are shown only when at least one of them is ≥ 80%; white circles at nodes indicate maximum support (PP = 1, Ufb = 100). On the right side of the tree, for each genus is reported a representative photograph of the shell, a schematic representation of the radula, the depth range (in metres) and the geographical distribution.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFADFFE915087403FDE55B58.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814314/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814314	Figure 3. Phylogenetic relationships of the family Velutinidae (Bayesian tree based on the combined dataset) showing clades A–L expanded. Numbers at nodes indicate branch support values [posterior probability (PP) and ultrafast bootstrap (UFb) values, respectively]; support values are shown only when at least one of them is ≥ 80%; white circles at nodes indicate maximum support (PP = 1, Ufb = 100). Boxes indicate hypothetical species; dashed lines indicate possible alternative species partitions. Coloured boxes on the right indicate genera, and white boxes indicate subfamilies. Letters at the end of sample codes broadly indicate the area of origin:AK, Alaska; ANT, Antarctica; AR, Argentina; BC, British Columbia; BRE, Bretagne; CA, California; CH, China; COR, Corse; CR, Costa Rica; FL, Florida; GF, French Guiana; GP, Guadeloupe; HI, Hawaii; IT, Italy; MG, Madagascar; MQ, Martinique; MX, Mexico; MZ, Mozambique; NC, New Caledonia; NL, Newfoundland; NO, Norway; OR, Oregon; PA, Panama; PF, French Polynesia; PG, Papua New Guinea; PH, Philippines; QLS, Queensland; RE, Reunion; SA, Saudi Arabia; SP, Spain; TAS, Tasmania; TW, Taiwan; VU, Vanuatu; WA, Washington State; ZNZ, Zanzibar.	Figure 3. Phylogenetic relationships of the family Velutinidae (Bayesian tree based on the combined dataset) showing clades A–L expanded. Numbers at nodes indicate branch support values [posterior probability (PP) and ultrafast bootstrap (UFb) values, respectively]; support values are shown only when at least one of them is ≥ 80%; white circles at nodes indicate maximum support (PP = 1, Ufb = 100). Boxes indicate hypothetical species; dashed lines indicate possible alternative species partitions. Coloured boxes on the right indicate genera, and white boxes indicate subfamilies. Letters at the end of sample codes broadly indicate the area of origin:AK, Alaska; ANT, Antarctica; AR, Argentina; BC, British Columbia; BRE, Bretagne; CA, California; CH, China; COR, Corse; CR, Costa Rica; FL, Florida; GF, French Guiana; GP, Guadeloupe; HI, Hawaii; IT, Italy; MG, Madagascar; MQ, Martinique; MX, Mexico; MZ, Mozambique; NC, New Caledonia; NL, Newfoundland; NO, Norway; OR, Oregon; PA, Panama; PF, French Polynesia; PG, Papua New Guinea; PH, Philippines; QLS, Queensland; RE, Reunion; SA, Saudi Arabia; SP, Spain; TAS, Tasmania; TW, Taiwan; VU, Vanuatu; WA, Washington State; ZNZ, Zanzibar.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFADFFE915087403FDE55B58.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814318/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814318	Figure 4. A, Marseniopsis sp. (M9), MNA 5376. B, Marseniopsis conica, MNA 5361. C, Marsenina zadei, LACM 182861. D, Marsenina rhombica, LACM 182862. E, Limneria prolongata, LACM 182858. F, Velutina sp., LACM 182869. G, Hainotis sharonae. H, Variolipallium regium sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2013-69285, holotype. I, Variolipallium sp. (L3), MNHN-IM-2013-69605. J, Variolipallium sp. (L10), MNHN-IM-2013-69280. Photograph credits: A, B, MNA, Stefano Schiaparelli; C–F, Nancy Treneman; G, iNaturalist, Robin Gwen Agarwal; H–J, MNHN, Philippe Maestrati. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	Figure 4. A, Marseniopsis sp. (M9), MNA 5376. B, Marseniopsis conica, MNA 5361. C, Marsenina zadei, LACM 182861. D, Marsenina rhombica, LACM 182862. E, Limneria prolongata, LACM 182858. F, Velutina sp., LACM 182869. G, Hainotis sharonae. H, Variolipallium regium sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2013-69285, holotype. I, Variolipallium sp. (L3), MNHN-IM-2013-69605. J, Variolipallium sp. (L10), MNHN-IM-2013-69280. Photograph credits: A, B, MNA, Stefano Schiaparelli; C–F, Nancy Treneman; G, iNaturalist, Robin Gwen Agarwal; H–J, MNHN, Philippe Maestrati. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFADFFE915087403FDE55B58.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814324/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814324	Figure 6. Velutinidae shells. A, Marseniopsis conica, BAS 03-764. B, Hainotis sharonae, LACM 1059, holotype (after Willet, 1939: fig. 1 and 1a). C, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 4229. D, Limneria prolongata, BAU 4228. Scale bars: A, 1 mm; C, D, 5 mm; B, shell maximum diameter = 5.5 mm, shell height 7.4 mm.	Figure 6. Velutinidae shells. A, Marseniopsis conica, BAS 03-764. B, Hainotis sharonae, LACM 1059, holotype (after Willet, 1939: fig. 1 and 1a). C, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 4229. D, Limneria prolongata, BAU 4228. Scale bars: A, 1 mm; C, D, 5 mm; B, shell maximum diameter = 5.5 mm, shell height 7.4 mm.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFAEFFE9170E7460FC465F21.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814312/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814312	Figure 2. Phylogenetic relationships of the family Velutinidae (Bayesian tree based on the combined dataset), with clades (A–L) collapsed by genera. Numbers at nodes indicate branch support values [posterior probability (PP) and ultrafast bootstrap (UFb) values, respectively]; support values are shown only when at least one of them is ≥ 80%; white circles at nodes indicate maximum support (PP = 1, Ufb = 100). On the right side of the tree, for each genus is reported a representative photograph of the shell, a schematic representation of the radula, the depth range (in metres) and the geographical distribution.	Figure 2. Phylogenetic relationships of the family Velutinidae (Bayesian tree based on the combined dataset), with clades (A–L) collapsed by genera. Numbers at nodes indicate branch support values [posterior probability (PP) and ultrafast bootstrap (UFb) values, respectively]; support values are shown only when at least one of them is ≥ 80%; white circles at nodes indicate maximum support (PP = 1, Ufb = 100). On the right side of the tree, for each genus is reported a representative photograph of the shell, a schematic representation of the radula, the depth range (in metres) and the geographical distribution.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFAEFFE9170E7460FC465F21.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814314/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814314	Figure 3. Phylogenetic relationships of the family Velutinidae (Bayesian tree based on the combined dataset) showing clades A–L expanded. Numbers at nodes indicate branch support values [posterior probability (PP) and ultrafast bootstrap (UFb) values, respectively]; support values are shown only when at least one of them is ≥ 80%; white circles at nodes indicate maximum support (PP = 1, Ufb = 100). Boxes indicate hypothetical species; dashed lines indicate possible alternative species partitions. Coloured boxes on the right indicate genera, and white boxes indicate subfamilies. Letters at the end of sample codes broadly indicate the area of origin:AK, Alaska; ANT, Antarctica; AR, Argentina; BC, British Columbia; BRE, Bretagne; CA, California; CH, China; COR, Corse; CR, Costa Rica; FL, Florida; GF, French Guiana; GP, Guadeloupe; HI, Hawaii; IT, Italy; MG, Madagascar; MQ, Martinique; MX, Mexico; MZ, Mozambique; NC, New Caledonia; NL, Newfoundland; NO, Norway; OR, Oregon; PA, Panama; PF, French Polynesia; PG, Papua New Guinea; PH, Philippines; QLS, Queensland; RE, Reunion; SA, Saudi Arabia; SP, Spain; TAS, Tasmania; TW, Taiwan; VU, Vanuatu; WA, Washington State; ZNZ, Zanzibar.	Figure 3. Phylogenetic relationships of the family Velutinidae (Bayesian tree based on the combined dataset) showing clades A–L expanded. Numbers at nodes indicate branch support values [posterior probability (PP) and ultrafast bootstrap (UFb) values, respectively]; support values are shown only when at least one of them is ≥ 80%; white circles at nodes indicate maximum support (PP = 1, Ufb = 100). Boxes indicate hypothetical species; dashed lines indicate possible alternative species partitions. Coloured boxes on the right indicate genera, and white boxes indicate subfamilies. Letters at the end of sample codes broadly indicate the area of origin:AK, Alaska; ANT, Antarctica; AR, Argentina; BC, British Columbia; BRE, Bretagne; CA, California; CH, China; COR, Corse; CR, Costa Rica; FL, Florida; GF, French Guiana; GP, Guadeloupe; HI, Hawaii; IT, Italy; MG, Madagascar; MQ, Martinique; MX, Mexico; MZ, Mozambique; NC, New Caledonia; NL, Newfoundland; NO, Norway; OR, Oregon; PA, Panama; PF, French Polynesia; PG, Papua New Guinea; PH, Philippines; QLS, Queensland; RE, Reunion; SA, Saudi Arabia; SP, Spain; TAS, Tasmania; TW, Taiwan; VU, Vanuatu; WA, Washington State; ZNZ, Zanzibar.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFAEFFE9170E7460FC465F21.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814318/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814318	Figure 4. A, Marseniopsis sp. (M9), MNA 5376. B, Marseniopsis conica, MNA 5361. C, Marsenina zadei, LACM 182861. D, Marsenina rhombica, LACM 182862. E, Limneria prolongata, LACM 182858. F, Velutina sp., LACM 182869. G, Hainotis sharonae. H, Variolipallium regium sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2013-69285, holotype. I, Variolipallium sp. (L3), MNHN-IM-2013-69605. J, Variolipallium sp. (L10), MNHN-IM-2013-69280. Photograph credits: A, B, MNA, Stefano Schiaparelli; C–F, Nancy Treneman; G, iNaturalist, Robin Gwen Agarwal; H–J, MNHN, Philippe Maestrati. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	Figure 4. A, Marseniopsis sp. (M9), MNA 5376. B, Marseniopsis conica, MNA 5361. C, Marsenina zadei, LACM 182861. D, Marsenina rhombica, LACM 182862. E, Limneria prolongata, LACM 182858. F, Velutina sp., LACM 182869. G, Hainotis sharonae. H, Variolipallium regium sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2013-69285, holotype. I, Variolipallium sp. (L3), MNHN-IM-2013-69605. J, Variolipallium sp. (L10), MNHN-IM-2013-69280. Photograph credits: A, B, MNA, Stefano Schiaparelli; C–F, Nancy Treneman; G, iNaturalist, Robin Gwen Agarwal; H–J, MNHN, Philippe Maestrati. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFAEFFE9170E7460FC465F21.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814324/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814324	Figure 6. Velutinidae shells. A, Marseniopsis conica, BAS 03-764. B, Hainotis sharonae, LACM 1059, holotype (after Willet, 1939: fig. 1 and 1a). C, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 4229. D, Limneria prolongata, BAU 4228. Scale bars: A, 1 mm; C, D, 5 mm; B, shell maximum diameter = 5.5 mm, shell height 7.4 mm.	Figure 6. Velutinidae shells. A, Marseniopsis conica, BAS 03-764. B, Hainotis sharonae, LACM 1059, holotype (after Willet, 1939: fig. 1 and 1a). C, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 4229. D, Limneria prolongata, BAU 4228. Scale bars: A, 1 mm; C, D, 5 mm; B, shell maximum diameter = 5.5 mm, shell height 7.4 mm.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFAEFFE9170E7460FC465F21.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814334/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814334	Figure 9. Velutinidae protoconchs. A, Marseniopsis conica, BAS 03-764. B, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 4229. C, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3758. D, Variolipallium cerebroides, NIWA 74086.A. E, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype.F, Pacifica sp. (L16), MNHN-IM-2013-58543. G, Djiboutia sp. (L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053. H, Coriocella sp. (L27), MNHN-IM-2013-84230. I, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-14179. J, Lamellaria mopsicolor, MNHN-IM-2013-73086. K, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-14574. L, Marsenia sp. (L42), MNHN-IM-2019-7641. Scale bars: A–L, 500 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses. Arrows indicate protoconch I – protoconch II boundary.	Figure 9. Velutinidae protoconchs. A, Marseniopsis conica, BAS 03-764. B, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 4229. C, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3758. D, Variolipallium cerebroides, NIWA 74086.A. E, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype.F, Pacifica sp. (L16), MNHN-IM-2013-58543. G, Djiboutia sp. (L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053. H, Coriocella sp. (L27), MNHN-IM-2013-84230. I, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-14179. J, Lamellaria mopsicolor, MNHN-IM-2013-73086. K, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-14574. L, Marsenia sp. (L42), MNHN-IM-2019-7641. Scale bars: A–L, 500 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses. Arrows indicate protoconch I – protoconch II boundary.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFAEFFE9170E7460FC465F21.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814338/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814338	Figure 10. Velutinidae radulae. A, Marseniopsis mollis, CE 6137. B, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 4229. C, Velutina cf. coriacea, LACM 182870. D, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3751. E, Variolipallium regium sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2013-69285, holotype. F, Variolipallium sp. (L10), MNHN-IM-2013-69280. G, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype. H, Pacifica sp. (L15), MNHN-IM-2013-59969. I, Djiboutia sp. (L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053. J, Coriocella sp. (L27), MNHN-IM-2013-84230. K, Lamellaria mopsicolor, MNHN-IM-2013-73086. L, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-14113. M, Marsenia herberti, MNHN-IM-2019-8503. N, Marsenia sp. (L45), MNHN-IM-2013-59960. O, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-5980. Scale bars: A–O, 100 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	Figure 10. Velutinidae radulae. A, Marseniopsis mollis, CE 6137. B, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 4229. C, Velutina cf. coriacea, LACM 182870. D, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3751. E, Variolipallium regium sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2013-69285, holotype. F, Variolipallium sp. (L10), MNHN-IM-2013-69280. G, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype. H, Pacifica sp. (L15), MNHN-IM-2013-59969. I, Djiboutia sp. (L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053. J, Coriocella sp. (L27), MNHN-IM-2013-84230. K, Lamellaria mopsicolor, MNHN-IM-2013-73086. L, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-14113. M, Marsenia herberti, MNHN-IM-2019-8503. N, Marsenia sp. (L45), MNHN-IM-2013-59960. O, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-5980. Scale bars: A–O, 100 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFAEFFE9170E7460FC465F21.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814342/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814342	Figure 11. Velutinidae jaws. A, M, Marseniopsis mollis, CE 6152. B, N, O, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 2339. C, Limneria prolongata, BAU 4228. D, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3758. E, Variolipallium regium sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2013-69285, holotype. F, Variolipallium sp. (L10), MNHN-IM-2013-69280. G, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype.H, Pacifica sp. (L19), MNHN-IM-2009-16136.I,Djiboutia sp.(L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053.J,Coriocella cf.jayi (L28), MNHN-IM-2009-16119. K, Lamellaria latens complex (L40), BAU 2536.2. L, Marsenia sp. (L45), MNHN-IM-2013-59960. Scale bars: H, M–O, 100 µm; A–G, I–L, 500 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	Figure 11. Velutinidae jaws. A, M, Marseniopsis mollis, CE 6152. B, N, O, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 2339. C, Limneria prolongata, BAU 4228. D, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3758. E, Variolipallium regium sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2013-69285, holotype. F, Variolipallium sp. (L10), MNHN-IM-2013-69280. G, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype.H, Pacifica sp. (L19), MNHN-IM-2009-16136.I,Djiboutia sp.(L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053.J,Coriocella cf.jayi (L28), MNHN-IM-2009-16119. K, Lamellaria latens complex (L40), BAU 2536.2. L, Marsenia sp. (L45), MNHN-IM-2013-59960. Scale bars: H, M–O, 100 µm; A–G, I–L, 500 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFAFFFE8174E77C5FC0C5A15.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814312/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814312	Figure 2. Phylogenetic relationships of the family Velutinidae (Bayesian tree based on the combined dataset), with clades (A–L) collapsed by genera. Numbers at nodes indicate branch support values [posterior probability (PP) and ultrafast bootstrap (UFb) values, respectively]; support values are shown only when at least one of them is ≥ 80%; white circles at nodes indicate maximum support (PP = 1, Ufb = 100). On the right side of the tree, for each genus is reported a representative photograph of the shell, a schematic representation of the radula, the depth range (in metres) and the geographical distribution.	Figure 2. Phylogenetic relationships of the family Velutinidae (Bayesian tree based on the combined dataset), with clades (A–L) collapsed by genera. Numbers at nodes indicate branch support values [posterior probability (PP) and ultrafast bootstrap (UFb) values, respectively]; support values are shown only when at least one of them is ≥ 80%; white circles at nodes indicate maximum support (PP = 1, Ufb = 100). On the right side of the tree, for each genus is reported a representative photograph of the shell, a schematic representation of the radula, the depth range (in metres) and the geographical distribution.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFAFFFE8174E77C5FC0C5A15.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814314/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814314	Figure 3. Phylogenetic relationships of the family Velutinidae (Bayesian tree based on the combined dataset) showing clades A–L expanded. Numbers at nodes indicate branch support values [posterior probability (PP) and ultrafast bootstrap (UFb) values, respectively]; support values are shown only when at least one of them is ≥ 80%; white circles at nodes indicate maximum support (PP = 1, Ufb = 100). Boxes indicate hypothetical species; dashed lines indicate possible alternative species partitions. Coloured boxes on the right indicate genera, and white boxes indicate subfamilies. Letters at the end of sample codes broadly indicate the area of origin:AK, Alaska; ANT, Antarctica; AR, Argentina; BC, British Columbia; BRE, Bretagne; CA, California; CH, China; COR, Corse; CR, Costa Rica; FL, Florida; GF, French Guiana; GP, Guadeloupe; HI, Hawaii; IT, Italy; MG, Madagascar; MQ, Martinique; MX, Mexico; MZ, Mozambique; NC, New Caledonia; NL, Newfoundland; NO, Norway; OR, Oregon; PA, Panama; PF, French Polynesia; PG, Papua New Guinea; PH, Philippines; QLS, Queensland; RE, Reunion; SA, Saudi Arabia; SP, Spain; TAS, Tasmania; TW, Taiwan; VU, Vanuatu; WA, Washington State; ZNZ, Zanzibar.	Figure 3. Phylogenetic relationships of the family Velutinidae (Bayesian tree based on the combined dataset) showing clades A–L expanded. Numbers at nodes indicate branch support values [posterior probability (PP) and ultrafast bootstrap (UFb) values, respectively]; support values are shown only when at least one of them is ≥ 80%; white circles at nodes indicate maximum support (PP = 1, Ufb = 100). Boxes indicate hypothetical species; dashed lines indicate possible alternative species partitions. Coloured boxes on the right indicate genera, and white boxes indicate subfamilies. Letters at the end of sample codes broadly indicate the area of origin:AK, Alaska; ANT, Antarctica; AR, Argentina; BC, British Columbia; BRE, Bretagne; CA, California; CH, China; COR, Corse; CR, Costa Rica; FL, Florida; GF, French Guiana; GP, Guadeloupe; HI, Hawaii; IT, Italy; MG, Madagascar; MQ, Martinique; MX, Mexico; MZ, Mozambique; NC, New Caledonia; NL, Newfoundland; NO, Norway; OR, Oregon; PA, Panama; PF, French Polynesia; PG, Papua New Guinea; PH, Philippines; QLS, Queensland; RE, Reunion; SA, Saudi Arabia; SP, Spain; TAS, Tasmania; TW, Taiwan; VU, Vanuatu; WA, Washington State; ZNZ, Zanzibar.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFAFFFE8174E77C5FC0C5A15.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814318/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814318	Figure 4. A, Marseniopsis sp. (M9), MNA 5376. B, Marseniopsis conica, MNA 5361. C, Marsenina zadei, LACM 182861. D, Marsenina rhombica, LACM 182862. E, Limneria prolongata, LACM 182858. F, Velutina sp., LACM 182869. G, Hainotis sharonae. H, Variolipallium regium sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2013-69285, holotype. I, Variolipallium sp. (L3), MNHN-IM-2013-69605. J, Variolipallium sp. (L10), MNHN-IM-2013-69280. Photograph credits: A, B, MNA, Stefano Schiaparelli; C–F, Nancy Treneman; G, iNaturalist, Robin Gwen Agarwal; H–J, MNHN, Philippe Maestrati. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	Figure 4. A, Marseniopsis sp. (M9), MNA 5376. B, Marseniopsis conica, MNA 5361. C, Marsenina zadei, LACM 182861. D, Marsenina rhombica, LACM 182862. E, Limneria prolongata, LACM 182858. F, Velutina sp., LACM 182869. G, Hainotis sharonae. H, Variolipallium regium sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2013-69285, holotype. I, Variolipallium sp. (L3), MNHN-IM-2013-69605. J, Variolipallium sp. (L10), MNHN-IM-2013-69280. Photograph credits: A, B, MNA, Stefano Schiaparelli; C–F, Nancy Treneman; G, iNaturalist, Robin Gwen Agarwal; H–J, MNHN, Philippe Maestrati. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFAFFFE8174E77C5FC0C5A15.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814322/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814322	Figure 5. A, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype. B, Pacifica sp. (L18), MNHN-IM-2007-33407. C, Djiboutia sp. (L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053. D, Coriocella sp., UF-IZ-523481. E, Coriocella sp., MNHN-IM-2019-26097. F, Lamellaria mopsicolor, MNHN-IM-2013-73086. G, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-6391. H, Marsenia herberti, MNHN-IM-2019-8219. I, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-13522. Photograph credits: A–C, F, MNHN, Philippe Maestrati; D, Florida Museum of Natural History—Invertebrate Zoology, Gustav Paulay; E, MNHN, Giulia Fassio; G, I, MNHN, Gilles Devauchelle; H, MNHN, Laurent Charles. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding clade code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	Figure 5. A, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype. B, Pacifica sp. (L18), MNHN-IM-2007-33407. C, Djiboutia sp. (L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053. D, Coriocella sp., UF-IZ-523481. E, Coriocella sp., MNHN-IM-2019-26097. F, Lamellaria mopsicolor, MNHN-IM-2013-73086. G, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-6391. H, Marsenia herberti, MNHN-IM-2019-8219. I, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-13522. Photograph credits: A–C, F, MNHN, Philippe Maestrati; D, Florida Museum of Natural History—Invertebrate Zoology, Gustav Paulay; E, MNHN, Giulia Fassio; G, I, MNHN, Gilles Devauchelle; H, MNHN, Laurent Charles. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding clade code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFAFFFE8174E77C5FC0C5A15.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814328/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814328	Figure 7. Velutinidae shells. A, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3758. B, Variolipallium cerebroides, NIWA 74086.A. C, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype. D, Pacifica sp. (L16), MNHN-IM-2013-58543. Scale bars: A, B, 5 mm; C, D, 1 mm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	Figure 7. Velutinidae shells. A, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3758. B, Variolipallium cerebroides, NIWA 74086.A. C, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype. D, Pacifica sp. (L16), MNHN-IM-2013-58543. Scale bars: A, B, 5 mm; C, D, 1 mm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFAFFFE8174E77C5FC0C5A15.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814330/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814330	Figure 8. Velutinidae shells. A, Djiboutia sp. (L26), MNHN-IM-2019-7668. B, Coriocella sp. (L27), MNHN-IM-2013-84230. C, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-14179. D, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-14574. Scale bars: A, C, D, 1 mm; B, 5 mm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	Figure 8. Velutinidae shells. A, Djiboutia sp. (L26), MNHN-IM-2019-7668. B, Coriocella sp. (L27), MNHN-IM-2013-84230. C, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-14179. D, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-14574. Scale bars: A, C, D, 1 mm; B, 5 mm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFAFFFE8174E77C5FC0C5A15.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814334/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814334	Figure 9. Velutinidae protoconchs. A, Marseniopsis conica, BAS 03-764. B, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 4229. C, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3758. D, Variolipallium cerebroides, NIWA 74086.A. E, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype.F, Pacifica sp. (L16), MNHN-IM-2013-58543. G, Djiboutia sp. (L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053. H, Coriocella sp. (L27), MNHN-IM-2013-84230. I, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-14179. J, Lamellaria mopsicolor, MNHN-IM-2013-73086. K, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-14574. L, Marsenia sp. (L42), MNHN-IM-2019-7641. Scale bars: A–L, 500 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses. Arrows indicate protoconch I – protoconch II boundary.	Figure 9. Velutinidae protoconchs. A, Marseniopsis conica, BAS 03-764. B, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 4229. C, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3758. D, Variolipallium cerebroides, NIWA 74086.A. E, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype.F, Pacifica sp. (L16), MNHN-IM-2013-58543. G, Djiboutia sp. (L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053. H, Coriocella sp. (L27), MNHN-IM-2013-84230. I, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-14179. J, Lamellaria mopsicolor, MNHN-IM-2013-73086. K, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-14574. L, Marsenia sp. (L42), MNHN-IM-2019-7641. Scale bars: A–L, 500 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses. Arrows indicate protoconch I – protoconch II boundary.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFAFFFE8174E77C5FC0C5A15.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814338/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814338	Figure 10. Velutinidae radulae. A, Marseniopsis mollis, CE 6137. B, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 4229. C, Velutina cf. coriacea, LACM 182870. D, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3751. E, Variolipallium regium sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2013-69285, holotype. F, Variolipallium sp. (L10), MNHN-IM-2013-69280. G, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype. H, Pacifica sp. (L15), MNHN-IM-2013-59969. I, Djiboutia sp. (L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053. J, Coriocella sp. (L27), MNHN-IM-2013-84230. K, Lamellaria mopsicolor, MNHN-IM-2013-73086. L, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-14113. M, Marsenia herberti, MNHN-IM-2019-8503. N, Marsenia sp. (L45), MNHN-IM-2013-59960. O, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-5980. Scale bars: A–O, 100 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	Figure 10. Velutinidae radulae. A, Marseniopsis mollis, CE 6137. B, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 4229. C, Velutina cf. coriacea, LACM 182870. D, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3751. E, Variolipallium regium sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2013-69285, holotype. F, Variolipallium sp. (L10), MNHN-IM-2013-69280. G, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype. H, Pacifica sp. (L15), MNHN-IM-2013-59969. I, Djiboutia sp. (L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053. J, Coriocella sp. (L27), MNHN-IM-2013-84230. K, Lamellaria mopsicolor, MNHN-IM-2013-73086. L, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-14113. M, Marsenia herberti, MNHN-IM-2019-8503. N, Marsenia sp. (L45), MNHN-IM-2013-59960. O, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-5980. Scale bars: A–O, 100 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFAFFFE8174E77C5FC0C5A15.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814342/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814342	Figure 11. Velutinidae jaws. A, M, Marseniopsis mollis, CE 6152. B, N, O, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 2339. C, Limneria prolongata, BAU 4228. D, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3758. E, Variolipallium regium sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2013-69285, holotype. F, Variolipallium sp. (L10), MNHN-IM-2013-69280. G, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype.H, Pacifica sp. (L19), MNHN-IM-2009-16136.I,Djiboutia sp.(L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053.J,Coriocella cf.jayi (L28), MNHN-IM-2009-16119. K, Lamellaria latens complex (L40), BAU 2536.2. L, Marsenia sp. (L45), MNHN-IM-2013-59960. Scale bars: H, M–O, 100 µm; A–G, I–L, 500 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	Figure 11. Velutinidae jaws. A, M, Marseniopsis mollis, CE 6152. B, N, O, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 2339. C, Limneria prolongata, BAU 4228. D, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3758. E, Variolipallium regium sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2013-69285, holotype. F, Variolipallium sp. (L10), MNHN-IM-2013-69280. G, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype.H, Pacifica sp. (L19), MNHN-IM-2009-16136.I,Djiboutia sp.(L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053.J,Coriocella cf.jayi (L28), MNHN-IM-2009-16119. K, Lamellaria latens complex (L40), BAU 2536.2. L, Marsenia sp. (L45), MNHN-IM-2013-59960. Scale bars: H, M–O, 100 µm; A–G, I–L, 500 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFAFFFEF152975A7FE075A98.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814312/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814312	Figure 2. Phylogenetic relationships of the family Velutinidae (Bayesian tree based on the combined dataset), with clades (A–L) collapsed by genera. Numbers at nodes indicate branch support values [posterior probability (PP) and ultrafast bootstrap (UFb) values, respectively]; support values are shown only when at least one of them is ≥ 80%; white circles at nodes indicate maximum support (PP = 1, Ufb = 100). On the right side of the tree, for each genus is reported a representative photograph of the shell, a schematic representation of the radula, the depth range (in metres) and the geographical distribution.	Figure 2. Phylogenetic relationships of the family Velutinidae (Bayesian tree based on the combined dataset), with clades (A–L) collapsed by genera. Numbers at nodes indicate branch support values [posterior probability (PP) and ultrafast bootstrap (UFb) values, respectively]; support values are shown only when at least one of them is ≥ 80%; white circles at nodes indicate maximum support (PP = 1, Ufb = 100). On the right side of the tree, for each genus is reported a representative photograph of the shell, a schematic representation of the radula, the depth range (in metres) and the geographical distribution.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFAFFFEF152975A7FE075A98.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814314/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814314	Figure 3. Phylogenetic relationships of the family Velutinidae (Bayesian tree based on the combined dataset) showing clades A–L expanded. Numbers at nodes indicate branch support values [posterior probability (PP) and ultrafast bootstrap (UFb) values, respectively]; support values are shown only when at least one of them is ≥ 80%; white circles at nodes indicate maximum support (PP = 1, Ufb = 100). Boxes indicate hypothetical species; dashed lines indicate possible alternative species partitions. Coloured boxes on the right indicate genera, and white boxes indicate subfamilies. Letters at the end of sample codes broadly indicate the area of origin:AK, Alaska; ANT, Antarctica; AR, Argentina; BC, British Columbia; BRE, Bretagne; CA, California; CH, China; COR, Corse; CR, Costa Rica; FL, Florida; GF, French Guiana; GP, Guadeloupe; HI, Hawaii; IT, Italy; MG, Madagascar; MQ, Martinique; MX, Mexico; MZ, Mozambique; NC, New Caledonia; NL, Newfoundland; NO, Norway; OR, Oregon; PA, Panama; PF, French Polynesia; PG, Papua New Guinea; PH, Philippines; QLS, Queensland; RE, Reunion; SA, Saudi Arabia; SP, Spain; TAS, Tasmania; TW, Taiwan; VU, Vanuatu; WA, Washington State; ZNZ, Zanzibar.	Figure 3. Phylogenetic relationships of the family Velutinidae (Bayesian tree based on the combined dataset) showing clades A–L expanded. Numbers at nodes indicate branch support values [posterior probability (PP) and ultrafast bootstrap (UFb) values, respectively]; support values are shown only when at least one of them is ≥ 80%; white circles at nodes indicate maximum support (PP = 1, Ufb = 100). Boxes indicate hypothetical species; dashed lines indicate possible alternative species partitions. Coloured boxes on the right indicate genera, and white boxes indicate subfamilies. Letters at the end of sample codes broadly indicate the area of origin:AK, Alaska; ANT, Antarctica; AR, Argentina; BC, British Columbia; BRE, Bretagne; CA, California; CH, China; COR, Corse; CR, Costa Rica; FL, Florida; GF, French Guiana; GP, Guadeloupe; HI, Hawaii; IT, Italy; MG, Madagascar; MQ, Martinique; MX, Mexico; MZ, Mozambique; NC, New Caledonia; NL, Newfoundland; NO, Norway; OR, Oregon; PA, Panama; PF, French Polynesia; PG, Papua New Guinea; PH, Philippines; QLS, Queensland; RE, Reunion; SA, Saudi Arabia; SP, Spain; TAS, Tasmania; TW, Taiwan; VU, Vanuatu; WA, Washington State; ZNZ, Zanzibar.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFAFFFEF152975A7FE075A98.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814328/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814328	Figure 7. Velutinidae shells. A, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3758. B, Variolipallium cerebroides, NIWA 74086.A. C, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype. D, Pacifica sp. (L16), MNHN-IM-2013-58543. Scale bars: A, B, 5 mm; C, D, 1 mm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	Figure 7. Velutinidae shells. A, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3758. B, Variolipallium cerebroides, NIWA 74086.A. C, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype. D, Pacifica sp. (L16), MNHN-IM-2013-58543. Scale bars: A, B, 5 mm; C, D, 1 mm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFAFFFEF152975A7FE075A98.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814334/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814334	Figure 9. Velutinidae protoconchs. A, Marseniopsis conica, BAS 03-764. B, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 4229. C, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3758. D, Variolipallium cerebroides, NIWA 74086.A. E, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype.F, Pacifica sp. (L16), MNHN-IM-2013-58543. G, Djiboutia sp. (L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053. H, Coriocella sp. (L27), MNHN-IM-2013-84230. I, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-14179. J, Lamellaria mopsicolor, MNHN-IM-2013-73086. K, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-14574. L, Marsenia sp. (L42), MNHN-IM-2019-7641. Scale bars: A–L, 500 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses. Arrows indicate protoconch I – protoconch II boundary.	Figure 9. Velutinidae protoconchs. A, Marseniopsis conica, BAS 03-764. B, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 4229. C, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3758. D, Variolipallium cerebroides, NIWA 74086.A. E, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype.F, Pacifica sp. (L16), MNHN-IM-2013-58543. G, Djiboutia sp. (L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053. H, Coriocella sp. (L27), MNHN-IM-2013-84230. I, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-14179. J, Lamellaria mopsicolor, MNHN-IM-2013-73086. K, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-14574. L, Marsenia sp. (L42), MNHN-IM-2019-7641. Scale bars: A–L, 500 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses. Arrows indicate protoconch I – protoconch II boundary.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFAFFFEF152975A7FE075A98.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814338/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814338	Figure 10. Velutinidae radulae. A, Marseniopsis mollis, CE 6137. B, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 4229. C, Velutina cf. coriacea, LACM 182870. D, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3751. E, Variolipallium regium sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2013-69285, holotype. F, Variolipallium sp. (L10), MNHN-IM-2013-69280. G, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype. H, Pacifica sp. (L15), MNHN-IM-2013-59969. I, Djiboutia sp. (L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053. J, Coriocella sp. (L27), MNHN-IM-2013-84230. K, Lamellaria mopsicolor, MNHN-IM-2013-73086. L, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-14113. M, Marsenia herberti, MNHN-IM-2019-8503. N, Marsenia sp. (L45), MNHN-IM-2013-59960. O, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-5980. Scale bars: A–O, 100 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	Figure 10. Velutinidae radulae. A, Marseniopsis mollis, CE 6137. B, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 4229. C, Velutina cf. coriacea, LACM 182870. D, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3751. E, Variolipallium regium sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2013-69285, holotype. F, Variolipallium sp. (L10), MNHN-IM-2013-69280. G, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype. H, Pacifica sp. (L15), MNHN-IM-2013-59969. I, Djiboutia sp. (L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053. J, Coriocella sp. (L27), MNHN-IM-2013-84230. K, Lamellaria mopsicolor, MNHN-IM-2013-73086. L, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-14113. M, Marsenia herberti, MNHN-IM-2019-8503. N, Marsenia sp. (L45), MNHN-IM-2013-59960. O, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-5980. Scale bars: A–O, 100 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFAFFFEF152975A7FE075A98.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814342/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814342	Figure 11. Velutinidae jaws. A, M, Marseniopsis mollis, CE 6152. B, N, O, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 2339. C, Limneria prolongata, BAU 4228. D, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3758. E, Variolipallium regium sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2013-69285, holotype. F, Variolipallium sp. (L10), MNHN-IM-2013-69280. G, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype.H, Pacifica sp. (L19), MNHN-IM-2009-16136.I,Djiboutia sp.(L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053.J,Coriocella cf.jayi (L28), MNHN-IM-2009-16119. K, Lamellaria latens complex (L40), BAU 2536.2. L, Marsenia sp. (L45), MNHN-IM-2013-59960. Scale bars: H, M–O, 100 µm; A–G, I–L, 500 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	Figure 11. Velutinidae jaws. A, M, Marseniopsis mollis, CE 6152. B, N, O, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 2339. C, Limneria prolongata, BAU 4228. D, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3758. E, Variolipallium regium sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2013-69285, holotype. F, Variolipallium sp. (L10), MNHN-IM-2013-69280. G, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype.H, Pacifica sp. (L19), MNHN-IM-2009-16136.I,Djiboutia sp.(L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053.J,Coriocella cf.jayi (L28), MNHN-IM-2009-16119. K, Lamellaria latens complex (L40), BAU 2536.2. L, Marsenia sp. (L45), MNHN-IM-2013-59960. Scale bars: H, M–O, 100 µm; A–G, I–L, 500 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFA8FFEE168A7420FD685D14.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814312/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814312	Figure 2. Phylogenetic relationships of the family Velutinidae (Bayesian tree based on the combined dataset), with clades (A–L) collapsed by genera. Numbers at nodes indicate branch support values [posterior probability (PP) and ultrafast bootstrap (UFb) values, respectively]; support values are shown only when at least one of them is ≥ 80%; white circles at nodes indicate maximum support (PP = 1, Ufb = 100). On the right side of the tree, for each genus is reported a representative photograph of the shell, a schematic representation of the radula, the depth range (in metres) and the geographical distribution.	Figure 2. Phylogenetic relationships of the family Velutinidae (Bayesian tree based on the combined dataset), with clades (A–L) collapsed by genera. Numbers at nodes indicate branch support values [posterior probability (PP) and ultrafast bootstrap (UFb) values, respectively]; support values are shown only when at least one of them is ≥ 80%; white circles at nodes indicate maximum support (PP = 1, Ufb = 100). On the right side of the tree, for each genus is reported a representative photograph of the shell, a schematic representation of the radula, the depth range (in metres) and the geographical distribution.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFA8FFEE168A7420FD685D14.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814314/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814314	Figure 3. Phylogenetic relationships of the family Velutinidae (Bayesian tree based on the combined dataset) showing clades A–L expanded. Numbers at nodes indicate branch support values [posterior probability (PP) and ultrafast bootstrap (UFb) values, respectively]; support values are shown only when at least one of them is ≥ 80%; white circles at nodes indicate maximum support (PP = 1, Ufb = 100). Boxes indicate hypothetical species; dashed lines indicate possible alternative species partitions. Coloured boxes on the right indicate genera, and white boxes indicate subfamilies. Letters at the end of sample codes broadly indicate the area of origin:AK, Alaska; ANT, Antarctica; AR, Argentina; BC, British Columbia; BRE, Bretagne; CA, California; CH, China; COR, Corse; CR, Costa Rica; FL, Florida; GF, French Guiana; GP, Guadeloupe; HI, Hawaii; IT, Italy; MG, Madagascar; MQ, Martinique; MX, Mexico; MZ, Mozambique; NC, New Caledonia; NL, Newfoundland; NO, Norway; OR, Oregon; PA, Panama; PF, French Polynesia; PG, Papua New Guinea; PH, Philippines; QLS, Queensland; RE, Reunion; SA, Saudi Arabia; SP, Spain; TAS, Tasmania; TW, Taiwan; VU, Vanuatu; WA, Washington State; ZNZ, Zanzibar.	Figure 3. Phylogenetic relationships of the family Velutinidae (Bayesian tree based on the combined dataset) showing clades A–L expanded. Numbers at nodes indicate branch support values [posterior probability (PP) and ultrafast bootstrap (UFb) values, respectively]; support values are shown only when at least one of them is ≥ 80%; white circles at nodes indicate maximum support (PP = 1, Ufb = 100). Boxes indicate hypothetical species; dashed lines indicate possible alternative species partitions. Coloured boxes on the right indicate genera, and white boxes indicate subfamilies. Letters at the end of sample codes broadly indicate the area of origin:AK, Alaska; ANT, Antarctica; AR, Argentina; BC, British Columbia; BRE, Bretagne; CA, California; CH, China; COR, Corse; CR, Costa Rica; FL, Florida; GF, French Guiana; GP, Guadeloupe; HI, Hawaii; IT, Italy; MG, Madagascar; MQ, Martinique; MX, Mexico; MZ, Mozambique; NC, New Caledonia; NL, Newfoundland; NO, Norway; OR, Oregon; PA, Panama; PF, French Polynesia; PG, Papua New Guinea; PH, Philippines; QLS, Queensland; RE, Reunion; SA, Saudi Arabia; SP, Spain; TAS, Tasmania; TW, Taiwan; VU, Vanuatu; WA, Washington State; ZNZ, Zanzibar.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFA8FFEE168A7420FD685D14.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814318/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814318	Figure 4. A, Marseniopsis sp. (M9), MNA 5376. B, Marseniopsis conica, MNA 5361. C, Marsenina zadei, LACM 182861. D, Marsenina rhombica, LACM 182862. E, Limneria prolongata, LACM 182858. F, Velutina sp., LACM 182869. G, Hainotis sharonae. H, Variolipallium regium sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2013-69285, holotype. I, Variolipallium sp. (L3), MNHN-IM-2013-69605. J, Variolipallium sp. (L10), MNHN-IM-2013-69280. Photograph credits: A, B, MNA, Stefano Schiaparelli; C–F, Nancy Treneman; G, iNaturalist, Robin Gwen Agarwal; H–J, MNHN, Philippe Maestrati. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	Figure 4. A, Marseniopsis sp. (M9), MNA 5376. B, Marseniopsis conica, MNA 5361. C, Marsenina zadei, LACM 182861. D, Marsenina rhombica, LACM 182862. E, Limneria prolongata, LACM 182858. F, Velutina sp., LACM 182869. G, Hainotis sharonae. H, Variolipallium regium sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2013-69285, holotype. I, Variolipallium sp. (L3), MNHN-IM-2013-69605. J, Variolipallium sp. (L10), MNHN-IM-2013-69280. Photograph credits: A, B, MNA, Stefano Schiaparelli; C–F, Nancy Treneman; G, iNaturalist, Robin Gwen Agarwal; H–J, MNHN, Philippe Maestrati. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFA8FFEE168A7420FD685D14.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814328/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814328	Figure 7. Velutinidae shells. A, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3758. B, Variolipallium cerebroides, NIWA 74086.A. C, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype. D, Pacifica sp. (L16), MNHN-IM-2013-58543. Scale bars: A, B, 5 mm; C, D, 1 mm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	Figure 7. Velutinidae shells. A, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3758. B, Variolipallium cerebroides, NIWA 74086.A. C, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype. D, Pacifica sp. (L16), MNHN-IM-2013-58543. Scale bars: A, B, 5 mm; C, D, 1 mm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFA8FFEE168A7420FD685D14.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814334/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814334	Figure 9. Velutinidae protoconchs. A, Marseniopsis conica, BAS 03-764. B, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 4229. C, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3758. D, Variolipallium cerebroides, NIWA 74086.A. E, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype.F, Pacifica sp. (L16), MNHN-IM-2013-58543. G, Djiboutia sp. (L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053. H, Coriocella sp. (L27), MNHN-IM-2013-84230. I, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-14179. J, Lamellaria mopsicolor, MNHN-IM-2013-73086. K, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-14574. L, Marsenia sp. (L42), MNHN-IM-2019-7641. Scale bars: A–L, 500 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses. Arrows indicate protoconch I – protoconch II boundary.	Figure 9. Velutinidae protoconchs. A, Marseniopsis conica, BAS 03-764. B, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 4229. C, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3758. D, Variolipallium cerebroides, NIWA 74086.A. E, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype.F, Pacifica sp. (L16), MNHN-IM-2013-58543. G, Djiboutia sp. (L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053. H, Coriocella sp. (L27), MNHN-IM-2013-84230. I, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-14179. J, Lamellaria mopsicolor, MNHN-IM-2013-73086. K, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-14574. L, Marsenia sp. (L42), MNHN-IM-2019-7641. Scale bars: A–L, 500 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses. Arrows indicate protoconch I – protoconch II boundary.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFA8FFEE168A7420FD685D14.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814338/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814338	Figure 10. Velutinidae radulae. A, Marseniopsis mollis, CE 6137. B, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 4229. C, Velutina cf. coriacea, LACM 182870. D, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3751. E, Variolipallium regium sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2013-69285, holotype. F, Variolipallium sp. (L10), MNHN-IM-2013-69280. G, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype. H, Pacifica sp. (L15), MNHN-IM-2013-59969. I, Djiboutia sp. (L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053. J, Coriocella sp. (L27), MNHN-IM-2013-84230. K, Lamellaria mopsicolor, MNHN-IM-2013-73086. L, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-14113. M, Marsenia herberti, MNHN-IM-2019-8503. N, Marsenia sp. (L45), MNHN-IM-2013-59960. O, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-5980. Scale bars: A–O, 100 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	Figure 10. Velutinidae radulae. A, Marseniopsis mollis, CE 6137. B, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 4229. C, Velutina cf. coriacea, LACM 182870. D, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3751. E, Variolipallium regium sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2013-69285, holotype. F, Variolipallium sp. (L10), MNHN-IM-2013-69280. G, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype. H, Pacifica sp. (L15), MNHN-IM-2013-59969. I, Djiboutia sp. (L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053. J, Coriocella sp. (L27), MNHN-IM-2013-84230. K, Lamellaria mopsicolor, MNHN-IM-2013-73086. L, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-14113. M, Marsenia herberti, MNHN-IM-2019-8503. N, Marsenia sp. (L45), MNHN-IM-2013-59960. O, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-5980. Scale bars: A–O, 100 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFA8FFEE168A7420FD685D14.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814342/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814342	Figure 11. Velutinidae jaws. A, M, Marseniopsis mollis, CE 6152. B, N, O, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 2339. C, Limneria prolongata, BAU 4228. D, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3758. E, Variolipallium regium sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2013-69285, holotype. F, Variolipallium sp. (L10), MNHN-IM-2013-69280. G, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype.H, Pacifica sp. (L19), MNHN-IM-2009-16136.I,Djiboutia sp.(L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053.J,Coriocella cf.jayi (L28), MNHN-IM-2009-16119. K, Lamellaria latens complex (L40), BAU 2536.2. L, Marsenia sp. (L45), MNHN-IM-2013-59960. Scale bars: H, M–O, 100 µm; A–G, I–L, 500 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	Figure 11. Velutinidae jaws. A, M, Marseniopsis mollis, CE 6152. B, N, O, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 2339. C, Limneria prolongata, BAU 4228. D, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3758. E, Variolipallium regium sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2013-69285, holotype. F, Variolipallium sp. (L10), MNHN-IM-2013-69280. G, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype.H, Pacifica sp. (L19), MNHN-IM-2009-16136.I,Djiboutia sp.(L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053.J,Coriocella cf.jayi (L28), MNHN-IM-2009-16119. K, Lamellaria latens complex (L40), BAU 2536.2. L, Marsenia sp. (L45), MNHN-IM-2013-59960. Scale bars: H, M–O, 100 µm; A–G, I–L, 500 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFA9FFED157E7181FDF35EE3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814312/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814312	Figure 2. Phylogenetic relationships of the family Velutinidae (Bayesian tree based on the combined dataset), with clades (A–L) collapsed by genera. Numbers at nodes indicate branch support values [posterior probability (PP) and ultrafast bootstrap (UFb) values, respectively]; support values are shown only when at least one of them is ≥ 80%; white circles at nodes indicate maximum support (PP = 1, Ufb = 100). On the right side of the tree, for each genus is reported a representative photograph of the shell, a schematic representation of the radula, the depth range (in metres) and the geographical distribution.	Figure 2. Phylogenetic relationships of the family Velutinidae (Bayesian tree based on the combined dataset), with clades (A–L) collapsed by genera. Numbers at nodes indicate branch support values [posterior probability (PP) and ultrafast bootstrap (UFb) values, respectively]; support values are shown only when at least one of them is ≥ 80%; white circles at nodes indicate maximum support (PP = 1, Ufb = 100). On the right side of the tree, for each genus is reported a representative photograph of the shell, a schematic representation of the radula, the depth range (in metres) and the geographical distribution.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFA9FFED157E7181FDF35EE3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814314/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814314	Figure 3. Phylogenetic relationships of the family Velutinidae (Bayesian tree based on the combined dataset) showing clades A–L expanded. Numbers at nodes indicate branch support values [posterior probability (PP) and ultrafast bootstrap (UFb) values, respectively]; support values are shown only when at least one of them is ≥ 80%; white circles at nodes indicate maximum support (PP = 1, Ufb = 100). Boxes indicate hypothetical species; dashed lines indicate possible alternative species partitions. Coloured boxes on the right indicate genera, and white boxes indicate subfamilies. Letters at the end of sample codes broadly indicate the area of origin:AK, Alaska; ANT, Antarctica; AR, Argentina; BC, British Columbia; BRE, Bretagne; CA, California; CH, China; COR, Corse; CR, Costa Rica; FL, Florida; GF, French Guiana; GP, Guadeloupe; HI, Hawaii; IT, Italy; MG, Madagascar; MQ, Martinique; MX, Mexico; MZ, Mozambique; NC, New Caledonia; NL, Newfoundland; NO, Norway; OR, Oregon; PA, Panama; PF, French Polynesia; PG, Papua New Guinea; PH, Philippines; QLS, Queensland; RE, Reunion; SA, Saudi Arabia; SP, Spain; TAS, Tasmania; TW, Taiwan; VU, Vanuatu; WA, Washington State; ZNZ, Zanzibar.	Figure 3. Phylogenetic relationships of the family Velutinidae (Bayesian tree based on the combined dataset) showing clades A–L expanded. Numbers at nodes indicate branch support values [posterior probability (PP) and ultrafast bootstrap (UFb) values, respectively]; support values are shown only when at least one of them is ≥ 80%; white circles at nodes indicate maximum support (PP = 1, Ufb = 100). Boxes indicate hypothetical species; dashed lines indicate possible alternative species partitions. Coloured boxes on the right indicate genera, and white boxes indicate subfamilies. Letters at the end of sample codes broadly indicate the area of origin:AK, Alaska; ANT, Antarctica; AR, Argentina; BC, British Columbia; BRE, Bretagne; CA, California; CH, China; COR, Corse; CR, Costa Rica; FL, Florida; GF, French Guiana; GP, Guadeloupe; HI, Hawaii; IT, Italy; MG, Madagascar; MQ, Martinique; MX, Mexico; MZ, Mozambique; NC, New Caledonia; NL, Newfoundland; NO, Norway; OR, Oregon; PA, Panama; PF, French Polynesia; PG, Papua New Guinea; PH, Philippines; QLS, Queensland; RE, Reunion; SA, Saudi Arabia; SP, Spain; TAS, Tasmania; TW, Taiwan; VU, Vanuatu; WA, Washington State; ZNZ, Zanzibar.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFA9FFED157E7181FDF35EE3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814322/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814322	Figure 5. A, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype. B, Pacifica sp. (L18), MNHN-IM-2007-33407. C, Djiboutia sp. (L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053. D, Coriocella sp., UF-IZ-523481. E, Coriocella sp., MNHN-IM-2019-26097. F, Lamellaria mopsicolor, MNHN-IM-2013-73086. G, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-6391. H, Marsenia herberti, MNHN-IM-2019-8219. I, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-13522. Photograph credits: A–C, F, MNHN, Philippe Maestrati; D, Florida Museum of Natural History—Invertebrate Zoology, Gustav Paulay; E, MNHN, Giulia Fassio; G, I, MNHN, Gilles Devauchelle; H, MNHN, Laurent Charles. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding clade code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	Figure 5. A, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype. B, Pacifica sp. (L18), MNHN-IM-2007-33407. C, Djiboutia sp. (L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053. D, Coriocella sp., UF-IZ-523481. E, Coriocella sp., MNHN-IM-2019-26097. F, Lamellaria mopsicolor, MNHN-IM-2013-73086. G, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-6391. H, Marsenia herberti, MNHN-IM-2019-8219. I, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-13522. Photograph credits: A–C, F, MNHN, Philippe Maestrati; D, Florida Museum of Natural History—Invertebrate Zoology, Gustav Paulay; E, MNHN, Giulia Fassio; G, I, MNHN, Gilles Devauchelle; H, MNHN, Laurent Charles. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding clade code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFA9FFED157E7181FDF35EE3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814328/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814328	Figure 7. Velutinidae shells. A, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3758. B, Variolipallium cerebroides, NIWA 74086.A. C, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype. D, Pacifica sp. (L16), MNHN-IM-2013-58543. Scale bars: A, B, 5 mm; C, D, 1 mm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	Figure 7. Velutinidae shells. A, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3758. B, Variolipallium cerebroides, NIWA 74086.A. C, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype. D, Pacifica sp. (L16), MNHN-IM-2013-58543. Scale bars: A, B, 5 mm; C, D, 1 mm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFA9FFED157E7181FDF35EE3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814334/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814334	Figure 9. Velutinidae protoconchs. A, Marseniopsis conica, BAS 03-764. B, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 4229. C, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3758. D, Variolipallium cerebroides, NIWA 74086.A. E, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype.F, Pacifica sp. (L16), MNHN-IM-2013-58543. G, Djiboutia sp. (L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053. H, Coriocella sp. (L27), MNHN-IM-2013-84230. I, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-14179. J, Lamellaria mopsicolor, MNHN-IM-2013-73086. K, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-14574. L, Marsenia sp. (L42), MNHN-IM-2019-7641. Scale bars: A–L, 500 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses. Arrows indicate protoconch I – protoconch II boundary.	Figure 9. Velutinidae protoconchs. A, Marseniopsis conica, BAS 03-764. B, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 4229. C, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3758. D, Variolipallium cerebroides, NIWA 74086.A. E, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype.F, Pacifica sp. (L16), MNHN-IM-2013-58543. G, Djiboutia sp. (L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053. H, Coriocella sp. (L27), MNHN-IM-2013-84230. I, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-14179. J, Lamellaria mopsicolor, MNHN-IM-2013-73086. K, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-14574. L, Marsenia sp. (L42), MNHN-IM-2019-7641. Scale bars: A–L, 500 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses. Arrows indicate protoconch I – protoconch II boundary.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFA9FFED157E7181FDF35EE3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814338/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814338	Figure 10. Velutinidae radulae. A, Marseniopsis mollis, CE 6137. B, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 4229. C, Velutina cf. coriacea, LACM 182870. D, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3751. E, Variolipallium regium sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2013-69285, holotype. F, Variolipallium sp. (L10), MNHN-IM-2013-69280. G, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype. H, Pacifica sp. (L15), MNHN-IM-2013-59969. I, Djiboutia sp. (L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053. J, Coriocella sp. (L27), MNHN-IM-2013-84230. K, Lamellaria mopsicolor, MNHN-IM-2013-73086. L, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-14113. M, Marsenia herberti, MNHN-IM-2019-8503. N, Marsenia sp. (L45), MNHN-IM-2013-59960. O, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-5980. Scale bars: A–O, 100 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	Figure 10. Velutinidae radulae. A, Marseniopsis mollis, CE 6137. B, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 4229. C, Velutina cf. coriacea, LACM 182870. D, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3751. E, Variolipallium regium sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2013-69285, holotype. F, Variolipallium sp. (L10), MNHN-IM-2013-69280. G, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype. H, Pacifica sp. (L15), MNHN-IM-2013-59969. I, Djiboutia sp. (L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053. J, Coriocella sp. (L27), MNHN-IM-2013-84230. K, Lamellaria mopsicolor, MNHN-IM-2013-73086. L, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-14113. M, Marsenia herberti, MNHN-IM-2019-8503. N, Marsenia sp. (L45), MNHN-IM-2013-59960. O, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-5980. Scale bars: A–O, 100 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFA9FFED157E7181FDF35EE3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814342/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814342	Figure 11. Velutinidae jaws. A, M, Marseniopsis mollis, CE 6152. B, N, O, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 2339. C, Limneria prolongata, BAU 4228. D, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3758. E, Variolipallium regium sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2013-69285, holotype. F, Variolipallium sp. (L10), MNHN-IM-2013-69280. G, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype.H, Pacifica sp. (L19), MNHN-IM-2009-16136.I,Djiboutia sp.(L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053.J,Coriocella cf.jayi (L28), MNHN-IM-2009-16119. K, Lamellaria latens complex (L40), BAU 2536.2. L, Marsenia sp. (L45), MNHN-IM-2013-59960. Scale bars: H, M–O, 100 µm; A–G, I–L, 500 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	Figure 11. Velutinidae jaws. A, M, Marseniopsis mollis, CE 6152. B, N, O, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 2339. C, Limneria prolongata, BAU 4228. D, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3758. E, Variolipallium regium sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2013-69285, holotype. F, Variolipallium sp. (L10), MNHN-IM-2013-69280. G, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype.H, Pacifica sp. (L19), MNHN-IM-2009-16136.I,Djiboutia sp.(L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053.J,Coriocella cf.jayi (L28), MNHN-IM-2009-16119. K, Lamellaria latens complex (L40), BAU 2536.2. L, Marsenia sp. (L45), MNHN-IM-2013-59960. Scale bars: H, M–O, 100 µm; A–G, I–L, 500 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFAAFFED169E71DCFB215E3A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814312/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814312	Figure 2. Phylogenetic relationships of the family Velutinidae (Bayesian tree based on the combined dataset), with clades (A–L) collapsed by genera. Numbers at nodes indicate branch support values [posterior probability (PP) and ultrafast bootstrap (UFb) values, respectively]; support values are shown only when at least one of them is ≥ 80%; white circles at nodes indicate maximum support (PP = 1, Ufb = 100). On the right side of the tree, for each genus is reported a representative photograph of the shell, a schematic representation of the radula, the depth range (in metres) and the geographical distribution.	Figure 2. Phylogenetic relationships of the family Velutinidae (Bayesian tree based on the combined dataset), with clades (A–L) collapsed by genera. Numbers at nodes indicate branch support values [posterior probability (PP) and ultrafast bootstrap (UFb) values, respectively]; support values are shown only when at least one of them is ≥ 80%; white circles at nodes indicate maximum support (PP = 1, Ufb = 100). On the right side of the tree, for each genus is reported a representative photograph of the shell, a schematic representation of the radula, the depth range (in metres) and the geographical distribution.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFAAFFED169E71DCFB215E3A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814314/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814314	Figure 3. Phylogenetic relationships of the family Velutinidae (Bayesian tree based on the combined dataset) showing clades A–L expanded. Numbers at nodes indicate branch support values [posterior probability (PP) and ultrafast bootstrap (UFb) values, respectively]; support values are shown only when at least one of them is ≥ 80%; white circles at nodes indicate maximum support (PP = 1, Ufb = 100). Boxes indicate hypothetical species; dashed lines indicate possible alternative species partitions. Coloured boxes on the right indicate genera, and white boxes indicate subfamilies. Letters at the end of sample codes broadly indicate the area of origin:AK, Alaska; ANT, Antarctica; AR, Argentina; BC, British Columbia; BRE, Bretagne; CA, California; CH, China; COR, Corse; CR, Costa Rica; FL, Florida; GF, French Guiana; GP, Guadeloupe; HI, Hawaii; IT, Italy; MG, Madagascar; MQ, Martinique; MX, Mexico; MZ, Mozambique; NC, New Caledonia; NL, Newfoundland; NO, Norway; OR, Oregon; PA, Panama; PF, French Polynesia; PG, Papua New Guinea; PH, Philippines; QLS, Queensland; RE, Reunion; SA, Saudi Arabia; SP, Spain; TAS, Tasmania; TW, Taiwan; VU, Vanuatu; WA, Washington State; ZNZ, Zanzibar.	Figure 3. Phylogenetic relationships of the family Velutinidae (Bayesian tree based on the combined dataset) showing clades A–L expanded. Numbers at nodes indicate branch support values [posterior probability (PP) and ultrafast bootstrap (UFb) values, respectively]; support values are shown only when at least one of them is ≥ 80%; white circles at nodes indicate maximum support (PP = 1, Ufb = 100). Boxes indicate hypothetical species; dashed lines indicate possible alternative species partitions. Coloured boxes on the right indicate genera, and white boxes indicate subfamilies. Letters at the end of sample codes broadly indicate the area of origin:AK, Alaska; ANT, Antarctica; AR, Argentina; BC, British Columbia; BRE, Bretagne; CA, California; CH, China; COR, Corse; CR, Costa Rica; FL, Florida; GF, French Guiana; GP, Guadeloupe; HI, Hawaii; IT, Italy; MG, Madagascar; MQ, Martinique; MX, Mexico; MZ, Mozambique; NC, New Caledonia; NL, Newfoundland; NO, Norway; OR, Oregon; PA, Panama; PF, French Polynesia; PG, Papua New Guinea; PH, Philippines; QLS, Queensland; RE, Reunion; SA, Saudi Arabia; SP, Spain; TAS, Tasmania; TW, Taiwan; VU, Vanuatu; WA, Washington State; ZNZ, Zanzibar.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFAAFFED169E71DCFB215E3A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814322/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814322	Figure 5. A, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype. B, Pacifica sp. (L18), MNHN-IM-2007-33407. C, Djiboutia sp. (L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053. D, Coriocella sp., UF-IZ-523481. E, Coriocella sp., MNHN-IM-2019-26097. F, Lamellaria mopsicolor, MNHN-IM-2013-73086. G, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-6391. H, Marsenia herberti, MNHN-IM-2019-8219. I, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-13522. Photograph credits: A–C, F, MNHN, Philippe Maestrati; D, Florida Museum of Natural History—Invertebrate Zoology, Gustav Paulay; E, MNHN, Giulia Fassio; G, I, MNHN, Gilles Devauchelle; H, MNHN, Laurent Charles. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding clade code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	Figure 5. A, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype. B, Pacifica sp. (L18), MNHN-IM-2007-33407. C, Djiboutia sp. (L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053. D, Coriocella sp., UF-IZ-523481. E, Coriocella sp., MNHN-IM-2019-26097. F, Lamellaria mopsicolor, MNHN-IM-2013-73086. G, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-6391. H, Marsenia herberti, MNHN-IM-2019-8219. I, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-13522. Photograph credits: A–C, F, MNHN, Philippe Maestrati; D, Florida Museum of Natural History—Invertebrate Zoology, Gustav Paulay; E, MNHN, Giulia Fassio; G, I, MNHN, Gilles Devauchelle; H, MNHN, Laurent Charles. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding clade code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFAAFFED169E71DCFB215E3A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814328/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814328	Figure 7. Velutinidae shells. A, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3758. B, Variolipallium cerebroides, NIWA 74086.A. C, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype. D, Pacifica sp. (L16), MNHN-IM-2013-58543. Scale bars: A, B, 5 mm; C, D, 1 mm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	Figure 7. Velutinidae shells. A, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3758. B, Variolipallium cerebroides, NIWA 74086.A. C, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype. D, Pacifica sp. (L16), MNHN-IM-2013-58543. Scale bars: A, B, 5 mm; C, D, 1 mm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFAAFFED169E71DCFB215E3A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814334/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814334	Figure 9. Velutinidae protoconchs. A, Marseniopsis conica, BAS 03-764. B, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 4229. C, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3758. D, Variolipallium cerebroides, NIWA 74086.A. E, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype.F, Pacifica sp. (L16), MNHN-IM-2013-58543. G, Djiboutia sp. (L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053. H, Coriocella sp. (L27), MNHN-IM-2013-84230. I, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-14179. J, Lamellaria mopsicolor, MNHN-IM-2013-73086. K, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-14574. L, Marsenia sp. (L42), MNHN-IM-2019-7641. Scale bars: A–L, 500 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses. Arrows indicate protoconch I – protoconch II boundary.	Figure 9. Velutinidae protoconchs. A, Marseniopsis conica, BAS 03-764. B, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 4229. C, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3758. D, Variolipallium cerebroides, NIWA 74086.A. E, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype.F, Pacifica sp. (L16), MNHN-IM-2013-58543. G, Djiboutia sp. (L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053. H, Coriocella sp. (L27), MNHN-IM-2013-84230. I, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-14179. J, Lamellaria mopsicolor, MNHN-IM-2013-73086. K, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-14574. L, Marsenia sp. (L42), MNHN-IM-2019-7641. Scale bars: A–L, 500 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses. Arrows indicate protoconch I – protoconch II boundary.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFAAFFED169E71DCFB215E3A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814338/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814338	Figure 10. Velutinidae radulae. A, Marseniopsis mollis, CE 6137. B, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 4229. C, Velutina cf. coriacea, LACM 182870. D, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3751. E, Variolipallium regium sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2013-69285, holotype. F, Variolipallium sp. (L10), MNHN-IM-2013-69280. G, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype. H, Pacifica sp. (L15), MNHN-IM-2013-59969. I, Djiboutia sp. (L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053. J, Coriocella sp. (L27), MNHN-IM-2013-84230. K, Lamellaria mopsicolor, MNHN-IM-2013-73086. L, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-14113. M, Marsenia herberti, MNHN-IM-2019-8503. N, Marsenia sp. (L45), MNHN-IM-2013-59960. O, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-5980. Scale bars: A–O, 100 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	Figure 10. Velutinidae radulae. A, Marseniopsis mollis, CE 6137. B, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 4229. C, Velutina cf. coriacea, LACM 182870. D, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3751. E, Variolipallium regium sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2013-69285, holotype. F, Variolipallium sp. (L10), MNHN-IM-2013-69280. G, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype. H, Pacifica sp. (L15), MNHN-IM-2013-59969. I, Djiboutia sp. (L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053. J, Coriocella sp. (L27), MNHN-IM-2013-84230. K, Lamellaria mopsicolor, MNHN-IM-2013-73086. L, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-14113. M, Marsenia herberti, MNHN-IM-2019-8503. N, Marsenia sp. (L45), MNHN-IM-2013-59960. O, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-5980. Scale bars: A–O, 100 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFAAFFED169E71DCFB215E3A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814342/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814342	Figure 11. Velutinidae jaws. A, M, Marseniopsis mollis, CE 6152. B, N, O, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 2339. C, Limneria prolongata, BAU 4228. D, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3758. E, Variolipallium regium sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2013-69285, holotype. F, Variolipallium sp. (L10), MNHN-IM-2013-69280. G, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype.H, Pacifica sp. (L19), MNHN-IM-2009-16136.I,Djiboutia sp.(L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053.J,Coriocella cf.jayi (L28), MNHN-IM-2009-16119. K, Lamellaria latens complex (L40), BAU 2536.2. L, Marsenia sp. (L45), MNHN-IM-2013-59960. Scale bars: H, M–O, 100 µm; A–G, I–L, 500 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	Figure 11. Velutinidae jaws. A, M, Marseniopsis mollis, CE 6152. B, N, O, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 2339. C, Limneria prolongata, BAU 4228. D, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3758. E, Variolipallium regium sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2013-69285, holotype. F, Variolipallium sp. (L10), MNHN-IM-2013-69280. G, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype.H, Pacifica sp. (L19), MNHN-IM-2009-16136.I,Djiboutia sp.(L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053.J,Coriocella cf.jayi (L28), MNHN-IM-2009-16119. K, Lamellaria latens complex (L40), BAU 2536.2. L, Marsenia sp. (L45), MNHN-IM-2013-59960. Scale bars: H, M–O, 100 µm; A–G, I–L, 500 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFAAFFEC15877182FD675D51.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814312/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814312	Figure 2. Phylogenetic relationships of the family Velutinidae (Bayesian tree based on the combined dataset), with clades (A–L) collapsed by genera. Numbers at nodes indicate branch support values [posterior probability (PP) and ultrafast bootstrap (UFb) values, respectively]; support values are shown only when at least one of them is ≥ 80%; white circles at nodes indicate maximum support (PP = 1, Ufb = 100). On the right side of the tree, for each genus is reported a representative photograph of the shell, a schematic representation of the radula, the depth range (in metres) and the geographical distribution.	Figure 2. Phylogenetic relationships of the family Velutinidae (Bayesian tree based on the combined dataset), with clades (A–L) collapsed by genera. Numbers at nodes indicate branch support values [posterior probability (PP) and ultrafast bootstrap (UFb) values, respectively]; support values are shown only when at least one of them is ≥ 80%; white circles at nodes indicate maximum support (PP = 1, Ufb = 100). On the right side of the tree, for each genus is reported a representative photograph of the shell, a schematic representation of the radula, the depth range (in metres) and the geographical distribution.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFAAFFEC15877182FD675D51.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814314/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814314	Figure 3. Phylogenetic relationships of the family Velutinidae (Bayesian tree based on the combined dataset) showing clades A–L expanded. Numbers at nodes indicate branch support values [posterior probability (PP) and ultrafast bootstrap (UFb) values, respectively]; support values are shown only when at least one of them is ≥ 80%; white circles at nodes indicate maximum support (PP = 1, Ufb = 100). Boxes indicate hypothetical species; dashed lines indicate possible alternative species partitions. Coloured boxes on the right indicate genera, and white boxes indicate subfamilies. Letters at the end of sample codes broadly indicate the area of origin:AK, Alaska; ANT, Antarctica; AR, Argentina; BC, British Columbia; BRE, Bretagne; CA, California; CH, China; COR, Corse; CR, Costa Rica; FL, Florida; GF, French Guiana; GP, Guadeloupe; HI, Hawaii; IT, Italy; MG, Madagascar; MQ, Martinique; MX, Mexico; MZ, Mozambique; NC, New Caledonia; NL, Newfoundland; NO, Norway; OR, Oregon; PA, Panama; PF, French Polynesia; PG, Papua New Guinea; PH, Philippines; QLS, Queensland; RE, Reunion; SA, Saudi Arabia; SP, Spain; TAS, Tasmania; TW, Taiwan; VU, Vanuatu; WA, Washington State; ZNZ, Zanzibar.	Figure 3. Phylogenetic relationships of the family Velutinidae (Bayesian tree based on the combined dataset) showing clades A–L expanded. Numbers at nodes indicate branch support values [posterior probability (PP) and ultrafast bootstrap (UFb) values, respectively]; support values are shown only when at least one of them is ≥ 80%; white circles at nodes indicate maximum support (PP = 1, Ufb = 100). Boxes indicate hypothetical species; dashed lines indicate possible alternative species partitions. Coloured boxes on the right indicate genera, and white boxes indicate subfamilies. Letters at the end of sample codes broadly indicate the area of origin:AK, Alaska; ANT, Antarctica; AR, Argentina; BC, British Columbia; BRE, Bretagne; CA, California; CH, China; COR, Corse; CR, Costa Rica; FL, Florida; GF, French Guiana; GP, Guadeloupe; HI, Hawaii; IT, Italy; MG, Madagascar; MQ, Martinique; MX, Mexico; MZ, Mozambique; NC, New Caledonia; NL, Newfoundland; NO, Norway; OR, Oregon; PA, Panama; PF, French Polynesia; PG, Papua New Guinea; PH, Philippines; QLS, Queensland; RE, Reunion; SA, Saudi Arabia; SP, Spain; TAS, Tasmania; TW, Taiwan; VU, Vanuatu; WA, Washington State; ZNZ, Zanzibar.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFAAFFEC15877182FD675D51.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814322/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814322	Figure 5. A, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype. B, Pacifica sp. (L18), MNHN-IM-2007-33407. C, Djiboutia sp. (L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053. D, Coriocella sp., UF-IZ-523481. E, Coriocella sp., MNHN-IM-2019-26097. F, Lamellaria mopsicolor, MNHN-IM-2013-73086. G, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-6391. H, Marsenia herberti, MNHN-IM-2019-8219. I, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-13522. Photograph credits: A–C, F, MNHN, Philippe Maestrati; D, Florida Museum of Natural History—Invertebrate Zoology, Gustav Paulay; E, MNHN, Giulia Fassio; G, I, MNHN, Gilles Devauchelle; H, MNHN, Laurent Charles. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding clade code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	Figure 5. A, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype. B, Pacifica sp. (L18), MNHN-IM-2007-33407. C, Djiboutia sp. (L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053. D, Coriocella sp., UF-IZ-523481. E, Coriocella sp., MNHN-IM-2019-26097. F, Lamellaria mopsicolor, MNHN-IM-2013-73086. G, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-6391. H, Marsenia herberti, MNHN-IM-2019-8219. I, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-13522. Photograph credits: A–C, F, MNHN, Philippe Maestrati; D, Florida Museum of Natural History—Invertebrate Zoology, Gustav Paulay; E, MNHN, Giulia Fassio; G, I, MNHN, Gilles Devauchelle; H, MNHN, Laurent Charles. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding clade code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFAAFFEC15877182FD675D51.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814330/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814330	Figure 8. Velutinidae shells. A, Djiboutia sp. (L26), MNHN-IM-2019-7668. B, Coriocella sp. (L27), MNHN-IM-2013-84230. C, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-14179. D, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-14574. Scale bars: A, C, D, 1 mm; B, 5 mm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	Figure 8. Velutinidae shells. A, Djiboutia sp. (L26), MNHN-IM-2019-7668. B, Coriocella sp. (L27), MNHN-IM-2013-84230. C, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-14179. D, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-14574. Scale bars: A, C, D, 1 mm; B, 5 mm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFAAFFEC15877182FD675D51.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814334/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814334	Figure 9. Velutinidae protoconchs. A, Marseniopsis conica, BAS 03-764. B, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 4229. C, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3758. D, Variolipallium cerebroides, NIWA 74086.A. E, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype.F, Pacifica sp. (L16), MNHN-IM-2013-58543. G, Djiboutia sp. (L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053. H, Coriocella sp. (L27), MNHN-IM-2013-84230. I, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-14179. J, Lamellaria mopsicolor, MNHN-IM-2013-73086. K, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-14574. L, Marsenia sp. (L42), MNHN-IM-2019-7641. Scale bars: A–L, 500 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses. Arrows indicate protoconch I – protoconch II boundary.	Figure 9. Velutinidae protoconchs. A, Marseniopsis conica, BAS 03-764. B, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 4229. C, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3758. D, Variolipallium cerebroides, NIWA 74086.A. E, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype.F, Pacifica sp. (L16), MNHN-IM-2013-58543. G, Djiboutia sp. (L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053. H, Coriocella sp. (L27), MNHN-IM-2013-84230. I, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-14179. J, Lamellaria mopsicolor, MNHN-IM-2013-73086. K, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-14574. L, Marsenia sp. (L42), MNHN-IM-2019-7641. Scale bars: A–L, 500 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses. Arrows indicate protoconch I – protoconch II boundary.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFAAFFEC15877182FD675D51.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814338/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814338	Figure 10. Velutinidae radulae. A, Marseniopsis mollis, CE 6137. B, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 4229. C, Velutina cf. coriacea, LACM 182870. D, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3751. E, Variolipallium regium sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2013-69285, holotype. F, Variolipallium sp. (L10), MNHN-IM-2013-69280. G, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype. H, Pacifica sp. (L15), MNHN-IM-2013-59969. I, Djiboutia sp. (L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053. J, Coriocella sp. (L27), MNHN-IM-2013-84230. K, Lamellaria mopsicolor, MNHN-IM-2013-73086. L, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-14113. M, Marsenia herberti, MNHN-IM-2019-8503. N, Marsenia sp. (L45), MNHN-IM-2013-59960. O, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-5980. Scale bars: A–O, 100 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	Figure 10. Velutinidae radulae. A, Marseniopsis mollis, CE 6137. B, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 4229. C, Velutina cf. coriacea, LACM 182870. D, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3751. E, Variolipallium regium sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2013-69285, holotype. F, Variolipallium sp. (L10), MNHN-IM-2013-69280. G, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype. H, Pacifica sp. (L15), MNHN-IM-2013-59969. I, Djiboutia sp. (L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053. J, Coriocella sp. (L27), MNHN-IM-2013-84230. K, Lamellaria mopsicolor, MNHN-IM-2013-73086. L, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-14113. M, Marsenia herberti, MNHN-IM-2019-8503. N, Marsenia sp. (L45), MNHN-IM-2013-59960. O, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-5980. Scale bars: A–O, 100 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFAAFFEC15877182FD675D51.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814342/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814342	Figure 11. Velutinidae jaws. A, M, Marseniopsis mollis, CE 6152. B, N, O, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 2339. C, Limneria prolongata, BAU 4228. D, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3758. E, Variolipallium regium sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2013-69285, holotype. F, Variolipallium sp. (L10), MNHN-IM-2013-69280. G, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype.H, Pacifica sp. (L19), MNHN-IM-2009-16136.I,Djiboutia sp.(L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053.J,Coriocella cf.jayi (L28), MNHN-IM-2009-16119. K, Lamellaria latens complex (L40), BAU 2536.2. L, Marsenia sp. (L45), MNHN-IM-2013-59960. Scale bars: H, M–O, 100 µm; A–G, I–L, 500 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	Figure 11. Velutinidae jaws. A, M, Marseniopsis mollis, CE 6152. B, N, O, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 2339. C, Limneria prolongata, BAU 4228. D, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3758. E, Variolipallium regium sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2013-69285, holotype. F, Variolipallium sp. (L10), MNHN-IM-2013-69280. G, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype.H, Pacifica sp. (L19), MNHN-IM-2009-16136.I,Djiboutia sp.(L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053.J,Coriocella cf.jayi (L28), MNHN-IM-2009-16119. K, Lamellaria latens complex (L40), BAU 2536.2. L, Marsenia sp. (L45), MNHN-IM-2013-59960. Scale bars: H, M–O, 100 µm; A–G, I–L, 500 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFABFFEC17597263FC4D5EC0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814312/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814312	Figure 2. Phylogenetic relationships of the family Velutinidae (Bayesian tree based on the combined dataset), with clades (A–L) collapsed by genera. Numbers at nodes indicate branch support values [posterior probability (PP) and ultrafast bootstrap (UFb) values, respectively]; support values are shown only when at least one of them is ≥ 80%; white circles at nodes indicate maximum support (PP = 1, Ufb = 100). On the right side of the tree, for each genus is reported a representative photograph of the shell, a schematic representation of the radula, the depth range (in metres) and the geographical distribution.	Figure 2. Phylogenetic relationships of the family Velutinidae (Bayesian tree based on the combined dataset), with clades (A–L) collapsed by genera. Numbers at nodes indicate branch support values [posterior probability (PP) and ultrafast bootstrap (UFb) values, respectively]; support values are shown only when at least one of them is ≥ 80%; white circles at nodes indicate maximum support (PP = 1, Ufb = 100). On the right side of the tree, for each genus is reported a representative photograph of the shell, a schematic representation of the radula, the depth range (in metres) and the geographical distribution.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFABFFEC17597263FC4D5EC0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814314/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814314	Figure 3. Phylogenetic relationships of the family Velutinidae (Bayesian tree based on the combined dataset) showing clades A–L expanded. Numbers at nodes indicate branch support values [posterior probability (PP) and ultrafast bootstrap (UFb) values, respectively]; support values are shown only when at least one of them is ≥ 80%; white circles at nodes indicate maximum support (PP = 1, Ufb = 100). Boxes indicate hypothetical species; dashed lines indicate possible alternative species partitions. Coloured boxes on the right indicate genera, and white boxes indicate subfamilies. Letters at the end of sample codes broadly indicate the area of origin:AK, Alaska; ANT, Antarctica; AR, Argentina; BC, British Columbia; BRE, Bretagne; CA, California; CH, China; COR, Corse; CR, Costa Rica; FL, Florida; GF, French Guiana; GP, Guadeloupe; HI, Hawaii; IT, Italy; MG, Madagascar; MQ, Martinique; MX, Mexico; MZ, Mozambique; NC, New Caledonia; NL, Newfoundland; NO, Norway; OR, Oregon; PA, Panama; PF, French Polynesia; PG, Papua New Guinea; PH, Philippines; QLS, Queensland; RE, Reunion; SA, Saudi Arabia; SP, Spain; TAS, Tasmania; TW, Taiwan; VU, Vanuatu; WA, Washington State; ZNZ, Zanzibar.	Figure 3. Phylogenetic relationships of the family Velutinidae (Bayesian tree based on the combined dataset) showing clades A–L expanded. Numbers at nodes indicate branch support values [posterior probability (PP) and ultrafast bootstrap (UFb) values, respectively]; support values are shown only when at least one of them is ≥ 80%; white circles at nodes indicate maximum support (PP = 1, Ufb = 100). Boxes indicate hypothetical species; dashed lines indicate possible alternative species partitions. Coloured boxes on the right indicate genera, and white boxes indicate subfamilies. Letters at the end of sample codes broadly indicate the area of origin:AK, Alaska; ANT, Antarctica; AR, Argentina; BC, British Columbia; BRE, Bretagne; CA, California; CH, China; COR, Corse; CR, Costa Rica; FL, Florida; GF, French Guiana; GP, Guadeloupe; HI, Hawaii; IT, Italy; MG, Madagascar; MQ, Martinique; MX, Mexico; MZ, Mozambique; NC, New Caledonia; NL, Newfoundland; NO, Norway; OR, Oregon; PA, Panama; PF, French Polynesia; PG, Papua New Guinea; PH, Philippines; QLS, Queensland; RE, Reunion; SA, Saudi Arabia; SP, Spain; TAS, Tasmania; TW, Taiwan; VU, Vanuatu; WA, Washington State; ZNZ, Zanzibar.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFABFFEC17597263FC4D5EC0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814322/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814322	Figure 5. A, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype. B, Pacifica sp. (L18), MNHN-IM-2007-33407. C, Djiboutia sp. (L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053. D, Coriocella sp., UF-IZ-523481. E, Coriocella sp., MNHN-IM-2019-26097. F, Lamellaria mopsicolor, MNHN-IM-2013-73086. G, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-6391. H, Marsenia herberti, MNHN-IM-2019-8219. I, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-13522. Photograph credits: A–C, F, MNHN, Philippe Maestrati; D, Florida Museum of Natural History—Invertebrate Zoology, Gustav Paulay; E, MNHN, Giulia Fassio; G, I, MNHN, Gilles Devauchelle; H, MNHN, Laurent Charles. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding clade code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	Figure 5. A, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype. B, Pacifica sp. (L18), MNHN-IM-2007-33407. C, Djiboutia sp. (L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053. D, Coriocella sp., UF-IZ-523481. E, Coriocella sp., MNHN-IM-2019-26097. F, Lamellaria mopsicolor, MNHN-IM-2013-73086. G, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-6391. H, Marsenia herberti, MNHN-IM-2019-8219. I, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-13522. Photograph credits: A–C, F, MNHN, Philippe Maestrati; D, Florida Museum of Natural History—Invertebrate Zoology, Gustav Paulay; E, MNHN, Giulia Fassio; G, I, MNHN, Gilles Devauchelle; H, MNHN, Laurent Charles. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding clade code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFABFFEC17597263FC4D5EC0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814330/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814330	Figure 8. Velutinidae shells. A, Djiboutia sp. (L26), MNHN-IM-2019-7668. B, Coriocella sp. (L27), MNHN-IM-2013-84230. C, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-14179. D, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-14574. Scale bars: A, C, D, 1 mm; B, 5 mm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	Figure 8. Velutinidae shells. A, Djiboutia sp. (L26), MNHN-IM-2019-7668. B, Coriocella sp. (L27), MNHN-IM-2013-84230. C, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-14179. D, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-14574. Scale bars: A, C, D, 1 mm; B, 5 mm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFABFFEC17597263FC4D5EC0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814334/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814334	Figure 9. Velutinidae protoconchs. A, Marseniopsis conica, BAS 03-764. B, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 4229. C, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3758. D, Variolipallium cerebroides, NIWA 74086.A. E, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype.F, Pacifica sp. (L16), MNHN-IM-2013-58543. G, Djiboutia sp. (L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053. H, Coriocella sp. (L27), MNHN-IM-2013-84230. I, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-14179. J, Lamellaria mopsicolor, MNHN-IM-2013-73086. K, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-14574. L, Marsenia sp. (L42), MNHN-IM-2019-7641. Scale bars: A–L, 500 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses. Arrows indicate protoconch I – protoconch II boundary.	Figure 9. Velutinidae protoconchs. A, Marseniopsis conica, BAS 03-764. B, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 4229. C, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3758. D, Variolipallium cerebroides, NIWA 74086.A. E, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype.F, Pacifica sp. (L16), MNHN-IM-2013-58543. G, Djiboutia sp. (L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053. H, Coriocella sp. (L27), MNHN-IM-2013-84230. I, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-14179. J, Lamellaria mopsicolor, MNHN-IM-2013-73086. K, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-14574. L, Marsenia sp. (L42), MNHN-IM-2019-7641. Scale bars: A–L, 500 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses. Arrows indicate protoconch I – protoconch II boundary.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFABFFEC17597263FC4D5EC0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814338/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814338	Figure 10. Velutinidae radulae. A, Marseniopsis mollis, CE 6137. B, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 4229. C, Velutina cf. coriacea, LACM 182870. D, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3751. E, Variolipallium regium sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2013-69285, holotype. F, Variolipallium sp. (L10), MNHN-IM-2013-69280. G, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype. H, Pacifica sp. (L15), MNHN-IM-2013-59969. I, Djiboutia sp. (L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053. J, Coriocella sp. (L27), MNHN-IM-2013-84230. K, Lamellaria mopsicolor, MNHN-IM-2013-73086. L, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-14113. M, Marsenia herberti, MNHN-IM-2019-8503. N, Marsenia sp. (L45), MNHN-IM-2013-59960. O, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-5980. Scale bars: A–O, 100 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	Figure 10. Velutinidae radulae. A, Marseniopsis mollis, CE 6137. B, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 4229. C, Velutina cf. coriacea, LACM 182870. D, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3751. E, Variolipallium regium sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2013-69285, holotype. F, Variolipallium sp. (L10), MNHN-IM-2013-69280. G, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype. H, Pacifica sp. (L15), MNHN-IM-2013-59969. I, Djiboutia sp. (L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053. J, Coriocella sp. (L27), MNHN-IM-2013-84230. K, Lamellaria mopsicolor, MNHN-IM-2013-73086. L, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-14113. M, Marsenia herberti, MNHN-IM-2019-8503. N, Marsenia sp. (L45), MNHN-IM-2013-59960. O, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-5980. Scale bars: A–O, 100 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFABFFEC17597263FC4D5EC0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814342/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814342	Figure 11. Velutinidae jaws. A, M, Marseniopsis mollis, CE 6152. B, N, O, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 2339. C, Limneria prolongata, BAU 4228. D, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3758. E, Variolipallium regium sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2013-69285, holotype. F, Variolipallium sp. (L10), MNHN-IM-2013-69280. G, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype.H, Pacifica sp. (L19), MNHN-IM-2009-16136.I,Djiboutia sp.(L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053.J,Coriocella cf.jayi (L28), MNHN-IM-2009-16119. K, Lamellaria latens complex (L40), BAU 2536.2. L, Marsenia sp. (L45), MNHN-IM-2013-59960. Scale bars: H, M–O, 100 µm; A–G, I–L, 500 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	Figure 11. Velutinidae jaws. A, M, Marseniopsis mollis, CE 6152. B, N, O, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 2339. C, Limneria prolongata, BAU 4228. D, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3758. E, Variolipallium regium sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2013-69285, holotype. F, Variolipallium sp. (L10), MNHN-IM-2013-69280. G, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype.H, Pacifica sp. (L19), MNHN-IM-2009-16136.I,Djiboutia sp.(L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053.J,Coriocella cf.jayi (L28), MNHN-IM-2009-16119. K, Lamellaria latens complex (L40), BAU 2536.2. L, Marsenia sp. (L45), MNHN-IM-2013-59960. Scale bars: H, M–O, 100 µm; A–G, I–L, 500 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFABFFD315FB71F0FA185908.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814312/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814312	Figure 2. Phylogenetic relationships of the family Velutinidae (Bayesian tree based on the combined dataset), with clades (A–L) collapsed by genera. Numbers at nodes indicate branch support values [posterior probability (PP) and ultrafast bootstrap (UFb) values, respectively]; support values are shown only when at least one of them is ≥ 80%; white circles at nodes indicate maximum support (PP = 1, Ufb = 100). On the right side of the tree, for each genus is reported a representative photograph of the shell, a schematic representation of the radula, the depth range (in metres) and the geographical distribution.	Figure 2. Phylogenetic relationships of the family Velutinidae (Bayesian tree based on the combined dataset), with clades (A–L) collapsed by genera. Numbers at nodes indicate branch support values [posterior probability (PP) and ultrafast bootstrap (UFb) values, respectively]; support values are shown only when at least one of them is ≥ 80%; white circles at nodes indicate maximum support (PP = 1, Ufb = 100). On the right side of the tree, for each genus is reported a representative photograph of the shell, a schematic representation of the radula, the depth range (in metres) and the geographical distribution.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFABFFD315FB71F0FA185908.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814314/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814314	Figure 3. Phylogenetic relationships of the family Velutinidae (Bayesian tree based on the combined dataset) showing clades A–L expanded. Numbers at nodes indicate branch support values [posterior probability (PP) and ultrafast bootstrap (UFb) values, respectively]; support values are shown only when at least one of them is ≥ 80%; white circles at nodes indicate maximum support (PP = 1, Ufb = 100). Boxes indicate hypothetical species; dashed lines indicate possible alternative species partitions. Coloured boxes on the right indicate genera, and white boxes indicate subfamilies. Letters at the end of sample codes broadly indicate the area of origin:AK, Alaska; ANT, Antarctica; AR, Argentina; BC, British Columbia; BRE, Bretagne; CA, California; CH, China; COR, Corse; CR, Costa Rica; FL, Florida; GF, French Guiana; GP, Guadeloupe; HI, Hawaii; IT, Italy; MG, Madagascar; MQ, Martinique; MX, Mexico; MZ, Mozambique; NC, New Caledonia; NL, Newfoundland; NO, Norway; OR, Oregon; PA, Panama; PF, French Polynesia; PG, Papua New Guinea; PH, Philippines; QLS, Queensland; RE, Reunion; SA, Saudi Arabia; SP, Spain; TAS, Tasmania; TW, Taiwan; VU, Vanuatu; WA, Washington State; ZNZ, Zanzibar.	Figure 3. Phylogenetic relationships of the family Velutinidae (Bayesian tree based on the combined dataset) showing clades A–L expanded. Numbers at nodes indicate branch support values [posterior probability (PP) and ultrafast bootstrap (UFb) values, respectively]; support values are shown only when at least one of them is ≥ 80%; white circles at nodes indicate maximum support (PP = 1, Ufb = 100). Boxes indicate hypothetical species; dashed lines indicate possible alternative species partitions. Coloured boxes on the right indicate genera, and white boxes indicate subfamilies. Letters at the end of sample codes broadly indicate the area of origin:AK, Alaska; ANT, Antarctica; AR, Argentina; BC, British Columbia; BRE, Bretagne; CA, California; CH, China; COR, Corse; CR, Costa Rica; FL, Florida; GF, French Guiana; GP, Guadeloupe; HI, Hawaii; IT, Italy; MG, Madagascar; MQ, Martinique; MX, Mexico; MZ, Mozambique; NC, New Caledonia; NL, Newfoundland; NO, Norway; OR, Oregon; PA, Panama; PF, French Polynesia; PG, Papua New Guinea; PH, Philippines; QLS, Queensland; RE, Reunion; SA, Saudi Arabia; SP, Spain; TAS, Tasmania; TW, Taiwan; VU, Vanuatu; WA, Washington State; ZNZ, Zanzibar.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFABFFD315FB71F0FA185908.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814322/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814322	Figure 5. A, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype. B, Pacifica sp. (L18), MNHN-IM-2007-33407. C, Djiboutia sp. (L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053. D, Coriocella sp., UF-IZ-523481. E, Coriocella sp., MNHN-IM-2019-26097. F, Lamellaria mopsicolor, MNHN-IM-2013-73086. G, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-6391. H, Marsenia herberti, MNHN-IM-2019-8219. I, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-13522. Photograph credits: A–C, F, MNHN, Philippe Maestrati; D, Florida Museum of Natural History—Invertebrate Zoology, Gustav Paulay; E, MNHN, Giulia Fassio; G, I, MNHN, Gilles Devauchelle; H, MNHN, Laurent Charles. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding clade code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	Figure 5. A, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype. B, Pacifica sp. (L18), MNHN-IM-2007-33407. C, Djiboutia sp. (L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053. D, Coriocella sp., UF-IZ-523481. E, Coriocella sp., MNHN-IM-2019-26097. F, Lamellaria mopsicolor, MNHN-IM-2013-73086. G, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-6391. H, Marsenia herberti, MNHN-IM-2019-8219. I, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-13522. Photograph credits: A–C, F, MNHN, Philippe Maestrati; D, Florida Museum of Natural History—Invertebrate Zoology, Gustav Paulay; E, MNHN, Giulia Fassio; G, I, MNHN, Gilles Devauchelle; H, MNHN, Laurent Charles. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding clade code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFABFFD315FB71F0FA185908.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814330/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814330	Figure 8. Velutinidae shells. A, Djiboutia sp. (L26), MNHN-IM-2019-7668. B, Coriocella sp. (L27), MNHN-IM-2013-84230. C, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-14179. D, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-14574. Scale bars: A, C, D, 1 mm; B, 5 mm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	Figure 8. Velutinidae shells. A, Djiboutia sp. (L26), MNHN-IM-2019-7668. B, Coriocella sp. (L27), MNHN-IM-2013-84230. C, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-14179. D, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-14574. Scale bars: A, C, D, 1 mm; B, 5 mm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFABFFD315FB71F0FA185908.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814334/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814334	Figure 9. Velutinidae protoconchs. A, Marseniopsis conica, BAS 03-764. B, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 4229. C, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3758. D, Variolipallium cerebroides, NIWA 74086.A. E, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype.F, Pacifica sp. (L16), MNHN-IM-2013-58543. G, Djiboutia sp. (L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053. H, Coriocella sp. (L27), MNHN-IM-2013-84230. I, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-14179. J, Lamellaria mopsicolor, MNHN-IM-2013-73086. K, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-14574. L, Marsenia sp. (L42), MNHN-IM-2019-7641. Scale bars: A–L, 500 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses. Arrows indicate protoconch I – protoconch II boundary.	Figure 9. Velutinidae protoconchs. A, Marseniopsis conica, BAS 03-764. B, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 4229. C, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3758. D, Variolipallium cerebroides, NIWA 74086.A. E, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype.F, Pacifica sp. (L16), MNHN-IM-2013-58543. G, Djiboutia sp. (L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053. H, Coriocella sp. (L27), MNHN-IM-2013-84230. I, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-14179. J, Lamellaria mopsicolor, MNHN-IM-2013-73086. K, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-14574. L, Marsenia sp. (L42), MNHN-IM-2019-7641. Scale bars: A–L, 500 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses. Arrows indicate protoconch I – protoconch II boundary.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFABFFD315FB71F0FA185908.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814338/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814338	Figure 10. Velutinidae radulae. A, Marseniopsis mollis, CE 6137. B, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 4229. C, Velutina cf. coriacea, LACM 182870. D, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3751. E, Variolipallium regium sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2013-69285, holotype. F, Variolipallium sp. (L10), MNHN-IM-2013-69280. G, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype. H, Pacifica sp. (L15), MNHN-IM-2013-59969. I, Djiboutia sp. (L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053. J, Coriocella sp. (L27), MNHN-IM-2013-84230. K, Lamellaria mopsicolor, MNHN-IM-2013-73086. L, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-14113. M, Marsenia herberti, MNHN-IM-2019-8503. N, Marsenia sp. (L45), MNHN-IM-2013-59960. O, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-5980. Scale bars: A–O, 100 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	Figure 10. Velutinidae radulae. A, Marseniopsis mollis, CE 6137. B, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 4229. C, Velutina cf. coriacea, LACM 182870. D, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3751. E, Variolipallium regium sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2013-69285, holotype. F, Variolipallium sp. (L10), MNHN-IM-2013-69280. G, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype. H, Pacifica sp. (L15), MNHN-IM-2013-59969. I, Djiboutia sp. (L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053. J, Coriocella sp. (L27), MNHN-IM-2013-84230. K, Lamellaria mopsicolor, MNHN-IM-2013-73086. L, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-14113. M, Marsenia herberti, MNHN-IM-2019-8503. N, Marsenia sp. (L45), MNHN-IM-2013-59960. O, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-5980. Scale bars: A–O, 100 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FFABFFD315FB71F0FA185908.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814342/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814342	Figure 11. Velutinidae jaws. A, M, Marseniopsis mollis, CE 6152. B, N, O, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 2339. C, Limneria prolongata, BAU 4228. D, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3758. E, Variolipallium regium sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2013-69285, holotype. F, Variolipallium sp. (L10), MNHN-IM-2013-69280. G, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype.H, Pacifica sp. (L19), MNHN-IM-2009-16136.I,Djiboutia sp.(L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053.J,Coriocella cf.jayi (L28), MNHN-IM-2009-16119. K, Lamellaria latens complex (L40), BAU 2536.2. L, Marsenia sp. (L45), MNHN-IM-2013-59960. Scale bars: H, M–O, 100 µm; A–G, I–L, 500 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	Figure 11. Velutinidae jaws. A, M, Marseniopsis mollis, CE 6152. B, N, O, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 2339. C, Limneria prolongata, BAU 4228. D, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3758. E, Variolipallium regium sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2013-69285, holotype. F, Variolipallium sp. (L10), MNHN-IM-2013-69280. G, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype.H, Pacifica sp. (L19), MNHN-IM-2009-16136.I,Djiboutia sp.(L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053.J,Coriocella cf.jayi (L28), MNHN-IM-2009-16119. K, Lamellaria latens complex (L40), BAU 2536.2. L, Marsenia sp. (L45), MNHN-IM-2013-59960. Scale bars: H, M–O, 100 µm; A–G, I–L, 500 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FF94FFD215A176B0FD895B3C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814312/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814312	Figure 2. Phylogenetic relationships of the family Velutinidae (Bayesian tree based on the combined dataset), with clades (A–L) collapsed by genera. Numbers at nodes indicate branch support values [posterior probability (PP) and ultrafast bootstrap (UFb) values, respectively]; support values are shown only when at least one of them is ≥ 80%; white circles at nodes indicate maximum support (PP = 1, Ufb = 100). On the right side of the tree, for each genus is reported a representative photograph of the shell, a schematic representation of the radula, the depth range (in metres) and the geographical distribution.	Figure 2. Phylogenetic relationships of the family Velutinidae (Bayesian tree based on the combined dataset), with clades (A–L) collapsed by genera. Numbers at nodes indicate branch support values [posterior probability (PP) and ultrafast bootstrap (UFb) values, respectively]; support values are shown only when at least one of them is ≥ 80%; white circles at nodes indicate maximum support (PP = 1, Ufb = 100). On the right side of the tree, for each genus is reported a representative photograph of the shell, a schematic representation of the radula, the depth range (in metres) and the geographical distribution.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FF94FFD215A176B0FD895B3C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814314/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814314	Figure 3. Phylogenetic relationships of the family Velutinidae (Bayesian tree based on the combined dataset) showing clades A–L expanded. Numbers at nodes indicate branch support values [posterior probability (PP) and ultrafast bootstrap (UFb) values, respectively]; support values are shown only when at least one of them is ≥ 80%; white circles at nodes indicate maximum support (PP = 1, Ufb = 100). Boxes indicate hypothetical species; dashed lines indicate possible alternative species partitions. Coloured boxes on the right indicate genera, and white boxes indicate subfamilies. Letters at the end of sample codes broadly indicate the area of origin:AK, Alaska; ANT, Antarctica; AR, Argentina; BC, British Columbia; BRE, Bretagne; CA, California; CH, China; COR, Corse; CR, Costa Rica; FL, Florida; GF, French Guiana; GP, Guadeloupe; HI, Hawaii; IT, Italy; MG, Madagascar; MQ, Martinique; MX, Mexico; MZ, Mozambique; NC, New Caledonia; NL, Newfoundland; NO, Norway; OR, Oregon; PA, Panama; PF, French Polynesia; PG, Papua New Guinea; PH, Philippines; QLS, Queensland; RE, Reunion; SA, Saudi Arabia; SP, Spain; TAS, Tasmania; TW, Taiwan; VU, Vanuatu; WA, Washington State; ZNZ, Zanzibar.	Figure 3. Phylogenetic relationships of the family Velutinidae (Bayesian tree based on the combined dataset) showing clades A–L expanded. Numbers at nodes indicate branch support values [posterior probability (PP) and ultrafast bootstrap (UFb) values, respectively]; support values are shown only when at least one of them is ≥ 80%; white circles at nodes indicate maximum support (PP = 1, Ufb = 100). Boxes indicate hypothetical species; dashed lines indicate possible alternative species partitions. Coloured boxes on the right indicate genera, and white boxes indicate subfamilies. Letters at the end of sample codes broadly indicate the area of origin:AK, Alaska; ANT, Antarctica; AR, Argentina; BC, British Columbia; BRE, Bretagne; CA, California; CH, China; COR, Corse; CR, Costa Rica; FL, Florida; GF, French Guiana; GP, Guadeloupe; HI, Hawaii; IT, Italy; MG, Madagascar; MQ, Martinique; MX, Mexico; MZ, Mozambique; NC, New Caledonia; NL, Newfoundland; NO, Norway; OR, Oregon; PA, Panama; PF, French Polynesia; PG, Papua New Guinea; PH, Philippines; QLS, Queensland; RE, Reunion; SA, Saudi Arabia; SP, Spain; TAS, Tasmania; TW, Taiwan; VU, Vanuatu; WA, Washington State; ZNZ, Zanzibar.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FF94FFD215A176B0FD895B3C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814322/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814322	Figure 5. A, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype. B, Pacifica sp. (L18), MNHN-IM-2007-33407. C, Djiboutia sp. (L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053. D, Coriocella sp., UF-IZ-523481. E, Coriocella sp., MNHN-IM-2019-26097. F, Lamellaria mopsicolor, MNHN-IM-2013-73086. G, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-6391. H, Marsenia herberti, MNHN-IM-2019-8219. I, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-13522. Photograph credits: A–C, F, MNHN, Philippe Maestrati; D, Florida Museum of Natural History—Invertebrate Zoology, Gustav Paulay; E, MNHN, Giulia Fassio; G, I, MNHN, Gilles Devauchelle; H, MNHN, Laurent Charles. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding clade code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	Figure 5. A, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype. B, Pacifica sp. (L18), MNHN-IM-2007-33407. C, Djiboutia sp. (L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053. D, Coriocella sp., UF-IZ-523481. E, Coriocella sp., MNHN-IM-2019-26097. F, Lamellaria mopsicolor, MNHN-IM-2013-73086. G, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-6391. H, Marsenia herberti, MNHN-IM-2019-8219. I, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-13522. Photograph credits: A–C, F, MNHN, Philippe Maestrati; D, Florida Museum of Natural History—Invertebrate Zoology, Gustav Paulay; E, MNHN, Giulia Fassio; G, I, MNHN, Gilles Devauchelle; H, MNHN, Laurent Charles. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding clade code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FF94FFD215A176B0FD895B3C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814330/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814330	Figure 8. Velutinidae shells. A, Djiboutia sp. (L26), MNHN-IM-2019-7668. B, Coriocella sp. (L27), MNHN-IM-2013-84230. C, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-14179. D, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-14574. Scale bars: A, C, D, 1 mm; B, 5 mm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	Figure 8. Velutinidae shells. A, Djiboutia sp. (L26), MNHN-IM-2019-7668. B, Coriocella sp. (L27), MNHN-IM-2013-84230. C, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-14179. D, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-14574. Scale bars: A, C, D, 1 mm; B, 5 mm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FF94FFD215A176B0FD895B3C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814334/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814334	Figure 9. Velutinidae protoconchs. A, Marseniopsis conica, BAS 03-764. B, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 4229. C, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3758. D, Variolipallium cerebroides, NIWA 74086.A. E, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype.F, Pacifica sp. (L16), MNHN-IM-2013-58543. G, Djiboutia sp. (L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053. H, Coriocella sp. (L27), MNHN-IM-2013-84230. I, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-14179. J, Lamellaria mopsicolor, MNHN-IM-2013-73086. K, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-14574. L, Marsenia sp. (L42), MNHN-IM-2019-7641. Scale bars: A–L, 500 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses. Arrows indicate protoconch I – protoconch II boundary.	Figure 9. Velutinidae protoconchs. A, Marseniopsis conica, BAS 03-764. B, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 4229. C, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3758. D, Variolipallium cerebroides, NIWA 74086.A. E, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype.F, Pacifica sp. (L16), MNHN-IM-2013-58543. G, Djiboutia sp. (L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053. H, Coriocella sp. (L27), MNHN-IM-2013-84230. I, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-14179. J, Lamellaria mopsicolor, MNHN-IM-2013-73086. K, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-14574. L, Marsenia sp. (L42), MNHN-IM-2019-7641. Scale bars: A–L, 500 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses. Arrows indicate protoconch I – protoconch II boundary.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FF94FFD215A176B0FD895B3C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814338/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814338	Figure 10. Velutinidae radulae. A, Marseniopsis mollis, CE 6137. B, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 4229. C, Velutina cf. coriacea, LACM 182870. D, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3751. E, Variolipallium regium sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2013-69285, holotype. F, Variolipallium sp. (L10), MNHN-IM-2013-69280. G, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype. H, Pacifica sp. (L15), MNHN-IM-2013-59969. I, Djiboutia sp. (L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053. J, Coriocella sp. (L27), MNHN-IM-2013-84230. K, Lamellaria mopsicolor, MNHN-IM-2013-73086. L, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-14113. M, Marsenia herberti, MNHN-IM-2019-8503. N, Marsenia sp. (L45), MNHN-IM-2013-59960. O, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-5980. Scale bars: A–O, 100 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	Figure 10. Velutinidae radulae. A, Marseniopsis mollis, CE 6137. B, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 4229. C, Velutina cf. coriacea, LACM 182870. D, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3751. E, Variolipallium regium sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2013-69285, holotype. F, Variolipallium sp. (L10), MNHN-IM-2013-69280. G, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype. H, Pacifica sp. (L15), MNHN-IM-2013-59969. I, Djiboutia sp. (L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053. J, Coriocella sp. (L27), MNHN-IM-2013-84230. K, Lamellaria mopsicolor, MNHN-IM-2013-73086. L, Lamellaria latens complex (L41), MNHN-IM-2019-14113. M, Marsenia herberti, MNHN-IM-2019-8503. N, Marsenia sp. (L45), MNHN-IM-2013-59960. O, Marsenia perspicua complex (L55), MNHN-IM-2019-5980. Scale bars: A–O, 100 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
8C6587D7FF94FFD215A176B0FD895B3C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7814342/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814342	Figure 11. Velutinidae jaws. A, M, Marseniopsis mollis, CE 6152. B, N, O, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 2339. C, Limneria prolongata, BAU 4228. D, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3758. E, Variolipallium regium sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2013-69285, holotype. F, Variolipallium sp. (L10), MNHN-IM-2013-69280. G, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype.H, Pacifica sp. (L19), MNHN-IM-2009-16136.I,Djiboutia sp.(L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053.J,Coriocella cf.jayi (L28), MNHN-IM-2009-16119. K, Lamellaria latens complex (L40), BAU 2536.2. L, Marsenia sp. (L45), MNHN-IM-2013-59960. Scale bars: H, M–O, 100 µm; A–G, I–L, 500 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	Figure 11. Velutinidae jaws. A, M, Marseniopsis mollis, CE 6152. B, N, O, Marsenina rhombica, BAU 2339. C, Limneria prolongata, BAU 4228. D, Calyptoconcha pellucida, BAU 3758. E, Variolipallium regium sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2013-69285, holotype. F, Variolipallium sp. (L10), MNHN-IM-2013-69280. G, Pacifica lentiginosa sp. nov., MNHN-IM-2009-16140, holotype.H, Pacifica sp. (L19), MNHN-IM-2009-16136.I,Djiboutia sp.(L22), MNHN-IM-2019-9053.J,Coriocella cf.jayi (L28), MNHN-IM-2009-16119. K, Lamellaria latens complex (L40), BAU 2536.2. L, Marsenia sp. (L45), MNHN-IM-2013-59960. Scale bars: H, M–O, 100 µm; A–G, I–L, 500 µm. For the sequenced specimens, the corresponding species code (see Fig. 3) is reported in parentheses.	2022-12-03	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Fassio, Giulia;Stefani, Matteo;Russini, Valeria;Buge, Barbara;Bouchet, Philippe;Treneman, Nancy;Malaquias, Manuel António E.;Schiaparelli, Stefano;Modica, Maria Vittoria;Oliverio, Marco			
