identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
038C5C41C218FF83FF43D19EA2A7E27F.text	038C5C41C218FF83FF43D19EA2A7E27F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ranatra libera Zettel 1999	<div><p>Ranatra libera Zettel, 1999</p> <p>(Figs. 1 A–B)</p> <p>1999. Ranatra libera Zettel: Linzer biologische Beiträge, 31 (1), 427.</p> <p>Material examined. INDIA, MEGHALAYA, East Garo Hills District, 1 ♂, Songsak Gate, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=90.60596&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.64872" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 90.60596/lat 25.64872)">Pond</a>, 267 m a.s.l., 25.64872° N, 90.60596° E, 19.vi.2016. East Jaintia Hills District, 1 ♂, Tuber Village, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=92.28514&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.41942" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 92.28514/lat 25.41942)">Moolian Stream</a>, 1295 m a.s.l., 25.41942° N, 92.28514° E, 10.iii.2016; 1 ♀, Khleriat, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=92.36467&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.33056" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 92.36467/lat 25.33056)">Bandhiati Pond</a>, 1072 m a.s.l., 25.33056° N, 92.36467° E, 10.iii.2016; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Tuber Village, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=92.2925&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.44017" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 92.2925/lat 25.44017)">Pond</a>, 1357 m a.s.l., 25.44017° N, 92.2925° E, 10.iii.2016; 1 ♂, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=92.63658&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.30767" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 92.63658/lat 25.30767)">Umpung Stream</a>, 1010 m a.s.l., 25.30767° N, 92.63658° E, 12.iii.2016. East Khasi Hills District, 1 ♂, 5 ♀, 967 m a.s.l., 25.63844° N, 91.87325° E, Riat Kwan Reserved Forest, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=91.87325&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.63844" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 91.87325/lat 25.63844)">Umiam Lake</a>, 8.iii.2016. North Garo Hills District, 2 ♂, 1 ♀, Mendisalpara, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=90.65321&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.91798" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 90.65321/lat 25.91798)">Pond</a>, 76 m a.s.l., 25.91798° N, 90.65321° E, 24.vi.2016; 14 ♂, 6 ♀, Megamahum Vil- lage, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=90.86288&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.91949" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 90.86288/lat 25.91949)">Pond</a>, 75 m a.s.l., 25.91949° N, 90.86288° E, 26.vi.2016; 2 ♂, 1 ♀, Karkutta, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=90.88723&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.92441" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 90.88723/lat 25.92441)">Songital Village</a>, 73 m a.s.l., 25.92441° N, 90.88723° E, 26.vi.2016. Ri-Bhoi District, 1 ♂, Umsohpanan Village, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=91.5736&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.92111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 91.5736/lat 25.92111)">Pond</a>, 415 m a.s.l., 25.92111° N, 91.5736° E, 22.iii.2018; 1 ♂, Umlakro New Jirang Village, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=91.57895&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.91168" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 91.57895/lat 25.91168)">Pond</a>, 402 m a.s.l., 25.91168° N, 91.57895° E, 23.iii.2018; 1 ♂, 2 ♀, Umtasen Village, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=91.66714&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.86243" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 91.66714/lat 25.86243)">Pond</a>, 335 m a.s.l., 25.86243° N, 91.66714° E, 24.iii.2018; 2 ♂, 3 ♀, Old Tasku Village, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=91.73824&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.94789" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 91.73824/lat 25.94789)">Pond</a>, 273 m a.s.l., 25.94789° N, 91.73824° E, 24.iii.2018; 2 ♀, Sohkyrbam Village, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=91.64809&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.86899" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 91.64809/lat 25.86899)">Pond</a>, 353 m a.s.l., 25.86899° N, 91.64809° E, 24.iii.2018. South Garo Hills District, 2 ♂, 2 ♀, Jacksongram Village, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=90.5806&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.21004" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 90.5806/lat 25.21004)">Pond</a>, 254 m a.s.l., 25.21004° N, 90.5806° E, 2.iii.2018. South West Khasi Hills District, 1 ♀, Munaishera Village, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=91.29302&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.20354" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 91.29302/lat 25.20354)">Pond</a>, 12 m a.s.l., 25.20354° N, 91.29302° E, 9.iii.2018. West Garo Hills District, 1 ♀, Dalu, St. Joseph Convent, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=90.21808&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.21424" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 90.21808/lat 25.21424)">Pond</a>, 26 m a.s.l., 25.21424° N, 90.21808° E, 10.vi.2016; 1 ♀, Gangbanga Village, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=90.22094&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.21372" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 90.22094/lat 25.21372)">Pond</a>, 28 m a.s.l., 25.21372° N, 90.22094° E, 10.vi.2016; 4 ♀, 3 Nymphs, Adhangri Village, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=90.17239&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.23368" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 90.17239/lat 25.23368)">Pond</a>, 36 m a.s.l., 25.23368° N, 90.17239° E, 11.vi.2016; 1 ♀, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=90.02151&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.69067" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 90.02151/lat 25.69067)">Selsella</a>, 28 m a.s.l., 25.69067° N, 90.02151° E, 14.vi.2016; 1 ♂, 1 Nymph, Chibongagre, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=90.02682&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.67749" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 90.02682/lat 25.67749)">Sum River</a>, 38 m a.s.l., 25.67749° N, 90.02682° E, 15.vi.2016; 1 ♂, 1 Nymph, Dadenggre, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=90.23759&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.60968" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 90.23759/lat 25.60968)">Tebongre Stream</a>, 505 m a.s.l., 25.60968° N, 90.23759° E, 17.vi.2016; 4 ♂, 7 ♀, Churakathum Village, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=90.19274&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.72503" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 90.19274/lat 25.72503)">Pond</a>, 185 m a.s.l., 25.72503° N, 90.19274° E, 17.vi.2016; 1 ♀, Bolongkodak Village, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=90.23245&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.91517" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 90.23245/lat 25.91517)">Dabong River</a>, 42 m a.s.l., 25.91517° N, 90.23245° E, 18.vi.2016. West Jaintia Hills District, 1 ♂, Mynkjai Village, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=92.16669&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.40406" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 92.16669/lat 25.40406)">Stream</a>, 1281 m a.s.l., 25.40406° N, 92.16669° E, 9.iii.2016; 2 ♂, 3 ♀, Thadmuthlong Village, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=92.30992&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.4705" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 92.30992/lat 25.4705)">Thwailangwiang Stream</a>, 1324 m a.s.l., 25.4705° N, 92.30992° E, 13.iii.2016; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Laskein Village, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=92.40692&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.51083" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 92.40692/lat 25.51083)">Paddy</a> field, 1232 m a.s.l., 25.51083° N, 92.40692° E, 13.iii.2016; 1 ♀, Nartiang Village, Umti- song <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=92.21458&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.57194" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 92.21458/lat 25.57194)">Pond</a>, 1183 m a.s.l., 25.57194° N, 92.21458° E, 14.iii.2016; 3 ♂, 3 ♀, Mynsngat Village, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=92.22064&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.59506" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 92.22064/lat 25.59506)">Mynchlem Stream</a>, 1161 m a.s.l., 25.59506° N, 92.22064° E, 14.iii.2016; 2 ♂, 2 ♀, Wahiajer Village, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=92.18322&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.55831" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 92.18322/lat 25.55831)">Umpawai Stream</a>, 1183 m a.s.l., 25.55831° N, 92.18322° E, 14.iii.2016; 2 ♂, Khliehtyrchi, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=92.19108&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.47192" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 92.19108/lat 25.47192)">Tyrchi falls</a>, 1333 m a.s.l., 25.47192° N, 92.19108° E, 14.iii.2016; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Mukhla Village, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=92.17175&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.49744" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 92.17175/lat 25.49744)">Pond</a>, 1365 m a.s.l., 25.49744° N, 92.17175° E, 14.iii.2016; 1 ♂, 5 ♀, Jowai, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=92.19097&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.45192" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 92.19097/lat 25.45192)">Myntdu River</a>, 1240 m a.s.l., 25.45192° N, 92.19097° E, 14.iii.2016. All the examined materials were collected by E. Eyarin Jehamalar from freshwater bodies of Meghalaya. Reg. No. 6791/H15–6832/H15.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Body length: male 22.00–23.00 (n=10), female 22.50–28.00 (n=10), respiratory siphon length: male 18.80–19.50 (n=10), female 19.80–24.50 (n=10); last abdominal sternum with apical setal tuft; head smoothly convex between eyes, prominent in lateral view; male genital capsule with brown pigmentation; apical hook of male paramere finger-like (Fig. 1B).</p> <p>Distribution. India (Meghalaya, Fig. 4B), Myanmar (Zettel 1999, Polhemus &amp; Polhemus 2012), Thailand (Tran &amp; Nguyen 2016).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C5C41C218FF83FF43D19EA2A7E27F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Jehamalar, E. Eyarin;Chandra, Kailash	Jehamalar, E. Eyarin, Chandra, Kailash (2020): A new species of Tenagogonus Stål (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerridae) and first records of eight species of aquatic and semi-aquatic Heteroptera from India. Zootaxa 4718 (1): 95-107, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4718.1.8
038C5C41C21AFF83FF43D169A777E531.text	038C5C41C21AFF83FF43D169A777E531.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydrometra jaczewskii Lundblad 1933	<div><p>Hydrometra jaczewskii Lundblad, 1933</p> <p>(Figs. 1 C–D)</p> <p>1933. Hydrometra jaczewskii Lundblad: Archiv für Hydrobiologie, Supplement, 12, 433.</p> <p>Material examined. INDIA, MEGHALAYA, East Garo Hills District, 2 brapt. ♂, Bansa Away Village, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=90.48708&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.57994" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 90.48708/lat 25.57994)">Stream</a>, 324 m a.s.l., 25.57994° N, 90.48708° E, 20.vi.2016, Coll. E.E. Jehamalar. West Garo Hills District, 1 mac. ♀, Gambegre Village, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=90.14153&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.4343" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 90.14153/lat 25.4343)">Skili Stream</a>, 177 m a.s.l., 25.4343° N, 90.14153° E, 11.vi.2016, Coll. E.E. Jehamalar. West Khasi Hills District, 1 brapt. ♂, Miangshang Village, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=91.09638&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.46779" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 91.09638/lat 25.46779)">Stream</a>, 887 m a.s.l., 25.46779° N, 91.09638° E, 12.iii.2018, Coll. E.E. Jehamalar. Reg. No. 7645/H15–7647/H15.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Body length: brachypterous male 8.30–9.02 (n=3), macropterous female 9.54 (n=1); venter of abdomen black except ventrolateral margins of abdomen yellow to orange; abdomen of female strongly curved upward posteriorly; frontoclypeus short with blunt apex; caudal process slightly curved with pointed tip (Fig. 1D).</p> <p>Distribution. India (Meghalaya, Fig. 4B), southeast China (Hainan) and southwest China (Yunnan), peninsular Malaysia, Myanmar, Vietnam, Indonesia (Java, Sumatra and Borneo) (Tran et al. 2010).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C5C41C21AFF83FF43D169A777E531	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Jehamalar, E. Eyarin;Chandra, Kailash	Jehamalar, E. Eyarin, Chandra, Kailash (2020): A new species of Tenagogonus Stål (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerridae) and first records of eight species of aquatic and semi-aquatic Heteroptera from India. Zootaxa 4718 (1): 95-107, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4718.1.8
038C5C41C21AFF83FF43D78FA62BE727.text	038C5C41C21AFF83FF43D78FA62BE727.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydrometra longicapitis Torre-Bueno 1927	<div><p>Hydrometra longicapitis Torre-Bueno, 1927</p> <p>(Fig. 1E)</p> <p>1927. Hydrometra longicapitis Torre-Bueno: Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, 22, 31.</p> <p>Material examined. INDIA, MEGHALAYA, East Jaintia Hills District, 1 brapt. ♀, Daidung Village, Pool, 1079 m a.s.l., 25.33547° N, 92.61981° E, 12.iii.2016, Coll. E.E. Jehamalar. Reg. No. 7648/H15.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Body length: brachypterous female 7.58 (n=1); frontoclypeus quadrate; gular lobe large; pronotal lobe posteriorly with an elongated tubercle, which has few long setae posteriorly; posterior region of abdomen curved upward (Fig. 1E); caudal process basally constricted in lateral view.</p> <p>Distribution. India, (Meghalaya, Fig. 4B), southern China, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Malay Peninsula, Singapore, Indonesia (Java, Sumatra and Borneo) (Tran et al. 2010, Zettel et al. 2017).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C5C41C21AFF83FF43D78FA62BE727	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Jehamalar, E. Eyarin;Chandra, Kailash	Jehamalar, E. Eyarin, Chandra, Kailash (2020): A new species of Tenagogonus Stål (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerridae) and first records of eight species of aquatic and semi-aquatic Heteroptera from India. Zootaxa 4718 (1): 95-107, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4718.1.8
038C5C41C21DFF84FF43D2CDA710E3C1.text	038C5C41C21DFF84FF43D2CDA710E3C1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Strongylovelia balteiformis Ye, Chen & Bu 2015	<div><p>Strongylovelia balteiformis Ye, Chen &amp; Bu, 2015</p> <p>(Fig. 1F)</p> <p>2015. Strongylovelia balteiformis Ye, Chen &amp; Bu: Zootaxa, 3920 (4), 536.</p> <p>Material examined. INDIA, MEGHALAYA, East Garo Hills District, 2 apt. ♂, 3 apt. ♀, 6 Nymphs, Samanda R.F., <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=90.56685&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.56969" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 90.56685/lat 25.56969)">Khera Village</a>, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=90.56685&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.56969" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 90.56685/lat 25.56969)">Ningsik River</a>, 280 m a.s.l., 25.56969° N, 90.56685° E, 19.vi.2016. East Jaintia Hills District, 1 apt. ♂, 1 apt. ♀, Narpuh WLS, Umkiang Village, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=92.3785&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.06997" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 92.3785/lat 25.06997)">Wah Apha Stream</a>, 19 m a.s.l., 25.06997° N, 92.3785° E, 11.iii.2016. East Khasi Hills District, 1 apt. ♂, 5 Nymphs, Shella Bazar, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=91.63533&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.18094" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 91.63533/lat 25.18094)">Shella Stream</a>, 23 m a.s.l., 25.18094° N, 91.63533° E, 6.iii.2016. Ri-Bhoi District, 2 apt. ♂, 2 apt. ♀, 1 Nymph, Umiong Village, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=91.56554&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.89149" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 91.56554/lat 25.89149)">Umiong Stream</a>, 310 m a.s.l., 25.89149° N, 91.56554° E, 23.iii.2018. West Garo Hills District, 2 apt. ♂, 2 apt. ♀, 10 Nymphs, Rom Village, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=90.1299&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.71478" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 90.1299/lat 25.71478)">Rom River</a>, 199 m a.s.l., 25.71478° N, 90.1299° E, 17.vi.2016; 2 apt. ♂, Sadopara Village, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=90.12226&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.65202" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 90.12226/lat 25.65202)">Thanek Stream</a>, 233 m a.s.l., 25.65202° N, 90.12226° E, 17.vi.2016; 1 apt. ♀, Dadenggre Vill., <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=90.23759&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.60968" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 90.23759/lat 25.60968)">Tebongre Stream</a>, 505 m a.s.l., 25.60968° N, 90.23759° E, 17.vi.2016. All the examined materials were collected by E.E. Jehamalar. Reg. No. 7649/H15–7655/H15.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Body length: apterous male 1.14–1.23 (n=5), apterous female 1.43–1.52 (n=5); body laterally with medium sized bristles; antenna black; basal half of mesotrochanter yellow; mesonotum yellowish white, except borders black, yellowish white mark on mesonotum of male posterosubapically indented (Fig. 1F); connexivum of seventh segment of female with posteriorly directed setae.</p> <p>Distribution. India (Meghalaya, Fig. 4C), China (Yunnan) (Ye et al. 2015).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C5C41C21DFF84FF43D2CDA710E3C1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Jehamalar, E. Eyarin;Chandra, Kailash	Jehamalar, E. Eyarin, Chandra, Kailash (2020): A new species of Tenagogonus Stål (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerridae) and first records of eight species of aquatic and semi-aquatic Heteroptera from India. Zootaxa 4718 (1): 95-107, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4718.1.8
038C5C41C21DFF84FF43D1D8A717E5F6.text	038C5C41C21DFF84FF43D1D8A717E5F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Strongylovelia hainanensis Ye, Chen & Bu 2015	<div><p>Strongylovelia hainanensis Ye, Chen &amp; Bu, 2015</p> <p>(Figs. 1 G–H)</p> <p>2015. Strongylovelia hainanensis Ye, Chen &amp; Bu: Zootaxa, 3920 (4), 541.</p> <p>Material examined. INDIA, MEGHALAYA, West Garo Hills District, 1 apt. ♀, Gambegre Village, Skili Stream, 177 m a.s.l., 25.4343° N, 90.14153° E, 11.vi.2016, coll. E.E. Jehamalar. Reg. No. 7656/H15.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Body length: apterous female 1.34 (n=1); first antennal segment yellowish white; fore trochanter brown, mid and hind trochanter and base of fore and hind femur yellowish white (Fig. 1G); metacetabular region in lateral view with a medium sized yellow mark adjacent to a small yellow mark; basal part and apex of connexivum clothed with medium sized setae (Fig. 1H).</p> <p>Distribution. India (Meghalaya, Fig. 4C), China (Hainan) (Ye et al. 2015).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C5C41C21DFF84FF43D1D8A717E5F6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Jehamalar, E. Eyarin;Chandra, Kailash	Jehamalar, E. Eyarin, Chandra, Kailash (2020): A new species of Tenagogonus Stål (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerridae) and first records of eight species of aquatic and semi-aquatic Heteroptera from India. Zootaxa 4718 (1): 95-107, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4718.1.8
038C5C41C21DFF85FF43D52BA26EE1CC.text	038C5C41C21DFF85FF43D52BA26EE1CC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gerris (Gerris) lobatus Andersen & Chen 1993	<div><p>Gerris (Gerris) lobatus Andersen &amp; Chen, 1993</p> <p>(Figs. 1 J–K)</p> <p>1993. Gerris (Gerris) lobatus Andersen &amp; Chen: Entomologica scandinavica, 24, 160.</p> <p>Material examined. INDIA, MEGHALAYA, West Khasi Hills District, 1 brapt. ♂, Mawlangren Village, Pond, 1747 m a.s.l., 25.53738° N, 91.49769° E, 18.iii.2018, Coll. E.E. Jehamalar. Reg. No. 7336/H15.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Body length: brachypterous male 8.68 (n=1), body width at mesoacetabulum: 2.34 (n=1); anterior pronotal lobe with a thin yellow median longitudinal stripe, laterally without yellow stripe; fore femur dorsally with black longitudinal stripe (Fig. 1K), ventrally yellow; mid coxa yellow; metasternal scent orifice area tuberculated; sternum VII of male posteriorly obliquely depressed and prominent in lateral view; sternum VIII of male posteriorly transversely sinuate before apex, sublaterally depressed forming a median longitudinal keel which is prominent in lateral view; connexival process small (Fig. 1J).</p> <p>Distribution. India (Meghalaya, Fig. 4B), China (Yunnan and Tibet) and Russia (Andersen &amp; Chen 1993, Kanyukova 2001).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C5C41C21DFF85FF43D52BA26EE1CC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Jehamalar, E. Eyarin;Chandra, Kailash	Jehamalar, E. Eyarin, Chandra, Kailash (2020): A new species of Tenagogonus Stål (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerridae) and first records of eight species of aquatic and semi-aquatic Heteroptera from India. Zootaxa 4718 (1): 95-107, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4718.1.8
038C5C41C21CFF89FF43D065A128E38D.text	038C5C41C21CFF89FF43D065A128E38D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tenagogonus aruli Jehamalar & Chandra 2020	<div><p>Tenagogonus aruli sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs. 2 A–I, 3A–I)</p> <p>Material examined. Holotype (apterous ♂): INDIA, MEGHALAYA, South Garo Hills District, Gawbari Village, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=90.76053&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.2031" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 90.76053/lat 25.2031)">Dalwat Stream</a>, 111 m a.s.l., 25.2031° N, 90.76053° E, 3.iii.2018. Paratypes: 5 apt. ♂, 2 mac. ♂, 6 apt. ♀, 20 Nymphs, same data as for holotype. East Garo Hills District, 2 mac. ♂, Samanda R.F., Khera Village, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=90.56685&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.56969" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 90.56685/lat 25.56969)">Ningsik River</a>, 280 m a.s.l., 25.56969° N, 90.56685° E, 19.vi.2016. South West Khasi Hills District, 1 apt. ♀, 1 Nymph, Khapra Village, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=91.24421&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.23821" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 91.24421/lat 25.23821)">Stream</a>, 404 m a.s.l., 25.23821° N, 91.24421° E, 9.iii.2018. West Garo Hills District, 3 apt. ♂, 10 mac. ♂, 2 mac. ♀, 22 Nymphs, Gambegre Village, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=90.14153&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.4343" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 90.14153/lat 25.4343)">Skili Stream</a>, 177 m a.s.l., 25.4343° N, 90.14153° E, 11.vi.2016; 4 apt. ♂, 1 mac. ♂, 4 Nymphs, Dadenggre, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=90.23759&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.60968" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 90.23759/lat 25.60968)">Tebongre Stream</a>, 505 m a.s.l., 25.60968° N, 90.23759° E, 17.vi.2016. All the specimens were collected by E. Eyarin Jehamalar.</p> <p>Repository. The type specimens are deposited in the CEL, ZSI, New Alipore, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. Holotype Reg. No. 9365/H15 and paratypes Reg. No. 9366/H15 to 9370/H15.</p> <p>Etymology. The new species is named after Mr. Arul G. Madhuram, Divisional Forest Officer, Khasi Hills Wildlife Division, Meghalaya, for his support.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Tenagogonus aruli sp. nov. can be identified by the presence of an irregular longitudinal black stripe on the sublateral region of the abdominal sternum in the apterous form (Figs. 2C, D); the presence of a slight depression on the eighth abdominal sternum of the male (Figs. 2C, H; 3F); the presence of a long connexival process in the female (Figs. 2B; 3A, B, D); a medium sized spine-like connexival process in the male (Figs. 2E, G, H); the presence of a bead-like median longitudinal black mark on the abdominal dorsum (Figs. 2A, B, E); the dorsal endosomal sclerites apically with an excavation in lateral view (Fig. 3I), and the presence of two pairs of accessory lateral sclerites on the male endosoma (Fig. 3I).</p> <p>Description. Apterous male (holotype): (Figs. 2A, C–E, G–I; 3C, F–I). Body length 7.31 (6.29–7.31, n=5), body width at mesoacetabulum 2.17 (1.90–2.17, n=5).</p> <p>Colour. Body yellowish brown; marks on dorsum of head, thorax and abdomen black; head with a small indistinct brown spot near anterior pair of trichobothria; eyes dark brown to black; head in front of eyes laterally with a black mark along antennal tubercle; omphalium of metasternum and surrounding area with orange hue.</p> <p>Structural characters. Head: lateral marks on head reach to level of median pair of trichobothria, mesal pair of stripes anteriorly converge, not united and posteriorly united (Fig. 2A); eyes protruded lateral margin of pronotum; clypeal region of head produced (Figs. 2A, C); antenna slightly longer than body and slender, without any characteristic setae; rostrum not reaching middle of mesosternum (Figs. 2C, D). Thorax: black marks on pronotal lobe complete; pronotal lobe below humeral angle laterally with thin, short, sordid white stripe, not reaching apex; propleural region with single black stripe (Fig. 2A); proacetabular region posterodorsally with a black stripe and a faint brown hue laterally (Fig. 2D); mesopleural region with two black stripes united anteriorly; basal half of mesosternum with slight median longitudinal depression, sublateral region of mesosternum without any stripes (Fig. 2D); mesoacetabular region with two black longitudinal stripes, lateral stripe broader than mesal stripe (Fig. 2E); mesoacetabular suture with black stripe (Fig. 2D); metanotum medially with a longitudinal black stripe bifid posteriorly, posterior margin of metanotum with a wide W-shaped mark (Fig. 2E); area above metacetaubulum dorsally with medially interrupted longitudinal black stripe, metacetaubulum apically with a thin black stripe, laterally with a small brown to black hue (Fig. 2E); coxae of all legs apically with few short black setae; mid and hind coxae posteriorly with black hue; fore femur almost straight (Fig. 2A); femora of all legs with small spine like process; flexor region of hind femur with six widely spaced trichobothria; all legs apically with prominent claws. Abdomen: Terga I–VI medially with a black bead-like mark enclosed with yellow mark (Figs. 2A, E); tergum VII with caret-shaped black mark (Fig. 2G); venter of body with scattered short black adpressed setae; connexivum posteriorly well produced as medium sized spine-like process, straight, not surpassing abdominal apex, but surpassing abdominal segment VIII (Figs. 2E, G–H); ventrolateral region of connexivum with black longitudinal stripe (Fig. 2D); sterna II–VII sublaterally with irregular brown to black stripe (Fig. 2D); mark on sternum VII posteriorly curved and united with connexival process (Fig. 2H); tergum VIII posteromedially with brown hue (Fig. 2G); sternum VIII medially with a wide longitudinal depression (Figs. 2H, 3F); proctiger pointed apically (Fig. 3C). Endosoma: lower apical region of dorsal sclerite with V-shaped excavation; lateral sclerite curved; accessory lateral sclerites two pairs, first pair of accessory lateral sclerite (asl-I) almost bone-shaped, second pair of accessory lateral sclerite (asl-II) rectangular (Fig. 3I); paramere small, triangular, clothed with short setae; pygophore as in Figs. 3G, H.</p> <p>Measurements. Head length 1.08, width 1.43; eye length 0.59, width 0.31; synthlipsis 0.66; lengths of antennomeres I–IV 1.67, 1.34, 1.91, 2.69. Pronotal width 1.16; length of pronotal lobe 2.70, width 1.16; length of anterior part of pronotal lobe 0.69, posterior pronotal lobe length 2.08; metanotal length 0.56; prosternal length 0.53; mesosternal length 2.53; metasternal length 0.40. Lengths of leg segments: foreleg: femur 2.46, tibia 2.22, tarsomeres I–II 0.23, 0.31; mid leg: femur 5.69, tibia 4.35, tarsomeres I–II 1.92, 0.46; hind leg: femur 5.78, tibia 2.85, tarsomeres I–II 0.51, 0.31; widths of fore, mid, hind femora 0.21, 0.18, 0.14. Length of abdominal tergum 2.97; lengths of abdominal terga I–VIII 0.40, 0.34, 0.28, 0.28, 0.30, 0.32, 0.53, 0.26; widths of abdominal terga II–VIII (excluding connexivum) 0.70, 0.67, 0.69, 0.69, 0.67, 0.61, 0.48; maximum connexivum width at tergum IV 0.25; proctiger length 0.26; mesal length of connexival process 0.32; distance between connexival processes 0.47; lengths of sterna II–VIII 0.26, 0.27, 0.24, 0.24, 0.27, 0.33, 0.24; pygophore length 0.35. Combined length of abdominal sterna VI–VII 0.58.</p> <p>Macropterous male (paratypes): (Figs. 2F; 3E). Similar to apterous male except for the following characteristics: body length (including hemelytra) 7.54 (7.17–7.84, n=5), width at mesoacetabulum 2.04 (2.03–2.19, n=5); mesal mark on head slightly faded. Length of pronotal lobe 2.69, width 1.55; length of anterior pronotal lobe 0.55, length of posterior pronotal lobe 2.14; lateral stripe on pronotal lobe interrupted near humeral angle; pronotal lobe below anterior part with brown hue; pronotal lobe below humeral angle laterally with sordid white stripe, not reaching apex; mesopleural region with two black stripes, lateral stripe confined to subbasal region; brown mark on area above metacetabulum confined to posterior region; hemelytral length 4.72, width 1.14, hemelytra brown, veins dark brown (Fig. 2F), distance from abdominal tip to wing tip 0.41; irregular black mark on sublateral region of abdominal sternum absent; lengths of abdominal sterna VI–VIII 0.31, 0.35, 0.23; connexival spines long, surpassing abdominal apex (Fig. 3E), mesal length of connexival process 0.45, distance between connexival processes 0.70; distance between abdominal tip and connexival process tip 0.07.</p> <p>Apterous female (paratypes): (Figs. 2B; 3A, B, D). Body length 7.63 (7.46–8.01, n=5), body width at mesoacetabulum 2.60 (2.51–2.76, n=5).</p> <p>Colour. Similar to apterous male except for the following characteristics: area above metacetabulum with uninterrupted black stripe; black mark on tergum I pruinose, open; median black mark on metanotum not bifid posteriorly and not reaching posterior margin.</p> <p>Structural characters. Bead-like black mark on terga III–VII thin; abdominal tergum II shorter than tergum III; connexival process long, almost half of its length extended beyond abdominal apex; sublateral irregular mark on abdominal sternum broad, mark on sternum VII not moving towards connexival process; gonocoxae not fully concealed under sternum VII.</p> <p>Measurements. Head length 1.13, width 1.40; eye length 0.58, width 0.34; synthlipsis 0.65; lengths of antennomeres I–IV 1.65, 1.24, 1.96, 2.36. Pronotal width 1.18; length of pronotal lobe 2.72, width 1.35; length of anterior part of pronotal lobe 0.59, posterior pronotal lobe length 2.13; metanotal length 0.62; prosternal length 0.44; mesosternal length 2.77; metasternal length 0.48. Lengths of leg segments: foreleg: femur 2.62, tibia 2.37, tarsomeres I–II 0.31, 0.36; mid leg: femur 6.09, tibia 5.38, tarsomeres I–II 2.12, 0.54; hind leg: femur 6.32, tibia 3.04, tarsomeres I–II 0.56, 0.42; widths of fore, mid, hind femora 0.22, 0.21, 0.15. Length of abdominal tergum 3.21; lengths of abdominal terga I–VIII 0.42, 0.32, 0.35, 0.34, 0.37, 0.40, 0.55, 0.15; widths of abdominal terga II–VII (excluding connexivum) 0.91, 0.81, 0.80, 0.78, 0.71, 0.56; maximum connexivum width at tergum V 0.38; proctiger length 0.31; mesal length of connexival process 0.92; distance between connexival processes 0.55; distance between abdominal apex and connexival tip 0.55; lengths of sterna II–VII 0.36, 0.39, 0.39, 0.41, 0.46, 0.60; gonocoxae length 0.18. Combined length of abdominal sterna VI–VII 1.07.</p> <p>Macropterous female (paratypes): similar to apterous female and macropterous male except for the following characteristics: body length (including hemelytra) 7.75 (7.75–8.12, n=2), width at mesoacetabulum 2.04 (2.04–2.54, n=2); brown stripes on head faded. Length of pronotal lobe 2.79, width 1.64; length of anterior pronotal lobe 0.53, length of posterior pronotal lobe 2.24; hemelytral length 4.92, width 1.18, hemelytra brown, veins dark brown (Fig. 2F), distance from abdominal tip to wing tip 0.13; irregular black mark on sublateral region of abdominal sternum absent; lengths of abdominal sterna VI–VII 0.37, 0.49; connexival spines long, surpassing abdominal apex, mesal length of connexival process 0.77, distance between connexival processes 0.46; distance between abdominal tip and connexival process tip 0.49.</p> <p>Distribution. Known only from Garo and Khasi Hills of Meghalaya, India (Fig. 4C).</p> <p>Comparative notes. Tenagogonus aruli sp. nov. shares the character of having a median longitudinal depression or groove on the abdominal sternum VIII of male with T. bergrothi Hungerford &amp; Matsuda, 1958 and T. curvatus Zettel, 2014. In T. aruli sp. nov., sternum VIII of the male is medially longitudinally depressed and the groove is confined to the anterior region (Fig. 3F), whereas in T. bergrothi the sternum VIII has a narrow groove throughout its length, and in T. curvatus it is widened and deepened posteriorly. The connexival process of the male is lacking in both T. curvatus and T. bergrothi, but the connexival process is distinct and clearly surpass abdominal segment VIII but not reaching apex of proctiger in T. aruli sp. nov. Moreover, the fore femur is curved in T. curvatus, whereas in the new species it is straight. The connexival process of the female in T. bergrothi does not surpass the abdominal apex and in T. curvatus the seventh connexival segment is angularly produced and does not surpass the abdominal apex, whereas the connexival process in T. aruli sp. nov. extends well beyond the abdominal apex. The sublateral region of the abdominal sternum has an irregular black stripe in T. aruli sp. nov. but the stripe is absent in T. bergrothi and T. curvatus. The new species differs from T. kuiterti which also is distributed in Meghalaya, by having a very long connexival process in females. Tenagogonus aruli sp. nov. can readily be distinguished from T. ceylonensis, T. nicobarensis and T. venkataramani by the presence of connexival spines in male, whereas it is absent in these three species occur in India.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C5C41C21CFF89FF43D065A128E38D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Jehamalar, E. Eyarin;Chandra, Kailash	Jehamalar, E. Eyarin, Chandra, Kailash (2020): A new species of Tenagogonus Stål (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerridae) and first records of eight species of aquatic and semi-aquatic Heteroptera from India. Zootaxa 4718 (1): 95-107, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4718.1.8
038C5C41C210FF89FF43D61AA77DE6E6.text	038C5C41C210FF89FF43D61AA77DE6E6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tenagogonus kuiterti Hungerford & Matsuda 1958	<div><p>Tenagogonus kuiterti Hungerford &amp; Matsuda, 1958</p> <p>(Figs. 1I, 3 J–L)</p> <p>1958. Tenagogonus kuiterti Hungerford &amp; Matsuda: The University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 39, 395.</p> <p>Material examined. INDIA, MEGHALAYA, East Jaintia Hills District, 4 apt. ♂, 12 apt. ♀, 4 Nymphs, Daidung Village, Pool, 1079 m a.s.l., 25.33547° N, 92.61981° E, 12.iii.2016, Coll. E.E. Jehamalar. Ri-Bhoi District, 1 apt. ♀, Nongkyllem RF, Uming Stream, 539 m a.s.l., 25.83795° N, 91.76129° E, 27.iii.2018, Coll. E.E. Jehamalar. Reg. No. 9371/H15 to 9372/H15.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Body length of the apterous male 6.24–6.88 (n=5), apterous female 6.63–7.15 (n=5), body width at mesoacetabulum, apterous male 2.08–2.19 (n=5), apterous female 2.16–2.31 (n=5); sternum VIII of the male simple; the last connexival segment of the male apically acute, but without a connexival process; the posterolateral angles of abdominal segment VIII of the male extends well away from the lateral margins; the female has a very small, triangular connexival process (Figs. 3K, L); the males are slightly smaller than the females; the dorsum of the thorax has indistinct stripes; sternum VII of the female is posteromedially convex; sternum VII posterolaterally has a small window like area.</p> <p>Distribution. India (Meghalaya, Fig. 4C), Myanmar (Hungerford &amp; Matsuda 1958).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C5C41C210FF89FF43D61AA77DE6E6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Jehamalar, E. Eyarin;Chandra, Kailash	Jehamalar, E. Eyarin, Chandra, Kailash (2020): A new species of Tenagogonus Stål (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerridae) and first records of eight species of aquatic and semi-aquatic Heteroptera from India. Zootaxa 4718 (1): 95-107, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4718.1.8
038C5C41C210FF8AFF43D570A0CAE278.text	038C5C41C210FF8AFF43D570A0CAE278.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rheumatogonus vietnamensis Zettel & Chen 1996	<div><p>Rheumatogonus vietnamensis Zettel &amp; Chen, 1996</p> <p>(Figs. 1 L–M)</p> <p>1996. Rheumatogonus vietnamensis Zettel &amp; Chen: Entomologische Abhandlungen, Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde Dresden, 57 (6), 171.</p> <p>Material examined. INDIA, MEGHALAYA, East Khasi Hills District, 1 apt. ♂, 1 apt. ♀, Shella Bazar, a stream near Shella River, 23 m, 25.18094° N, 91.63533° E, 6.iii.2016, Coll. E.E. Jehamalar. Reg. No. 9373/H15.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Rheumatogonus vietnamensis can be identified by the indistinct anterolateral patch of medium sized setae on the mesosternum (only visible in alcohol), absence of prominent setae on the mesal margin of the connexivum of the female; presence of a basolateral triangular process of the ventral sclerite and the distinct accessory lateral sclerite of the male endosoma.</p> <p>Distribution. India (Meghalaya, Fig. 4B), Cambodia, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Indonesia (Natuna Island) (Chen &amp; Nieser 2002, Tran &amp; Yang 2004, Zettel et al. 2017).</p> <p>Remarks. Abdominal tergum VII of the female is erected posteriorly giving a hump-like appearance in lateral view; this character is not mentioned in the original description of the species. Only a pair of specimens was available for the present study, so the characters should be studied thoroughly.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C5C41C210FF8AFF43D570A0CAE278	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Jehamalar, E. Eyarin;Chandra, Kailash	Jehamalar, E. Eyarin, Chandra, Kailash (2020): A new species of Tenagogonus Stål (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerridae) and first records of eight species of aquatic and semi-aquatic Heteroptera from India. Zootaxa 4718 (1): 95-107, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4718.1.8
