identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
C3B75EE35A395E489E87AE8E8CEAE363.text	C3B75EE35A395E489E87AE8E8CEAE363.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leucoagaricus glareicolor Ashraf, S., Naseer, A. & Khalid, A. N. 2023	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Leucoagaricus glareicolor Ashraf, S., Naseer, A. &amp; Khalid, A.N. sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figs 3, 4, 5</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The specific epithet glareicolor (Latin) refer to the brownish black color of umbo and fibrils on pileus.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Is distinguished due to brown to blackish brown, broadly umbonate, white pileus with blackish brown fibrillose to rugulose, smooth sub-bulbous stipe with annulus in upper 1/3 of stipe, smaller (5.65-7.70  × 3.44-5.63  µm ) basidiospores and cheilocystidia without crystals at apex. </p>
            <p>Holotype.</p>
            <p>Pakistan, Islamabad, Margalla Hills National Park, Trail 5, 33°45'01.1"N, 73°05'14.5"E, 1303 m a.s.l., August 28, 2018, Shazia Ashraf &amp; Arooj Naseer MH-169 (LAH37456) GenBank: OP605605 (ITS) and OP782028 (LSU)</p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Basidiomata medium to large-sized, soft shiny, fragile solitary. Pileus 4-4.2 cm, plano-convex to plane at maturity, radially fibrillose to rugulose towards margins, broadly umbonate, umbo brown when young, becoming blackish brown with age, disc creamy white (1.7GY 6.4/1.6) with dark brown (3.8Y 3.5/3.2) to blackish brown (4.8Y 5.5/8.2) rugulose towards margins, shiny and sericeous, on maturity broadly striated and overextended blackish brown fibrils darker in center and lighter towards margin, margin incurved and appendiculate. Lamellae free to approximate, adnexed, distant, fragile, edges entire, yellowish creamy (1.7GY 6.4/1.6) to grayish brown (4.8Y 5.5/8.2). Lamellulae irregular, alternating with lamella, in 2-3 tiers. Stipe 6.2-6.7 cm in length, tapering upwards, 0.5 cm at apex, 1.7 cm at base, sub bulbous, yellowish creamy (1.7GY 6.4/1.6) central, cylindrical, smooth, shiny. Annulus present, superior, thin, made up of cottony scales, non-persistent in nature. Flavor and odor not distinctive. Basidiospores [60/3/2] (5.65-) 5.66 - 7.73 (-7.76)  × (3.43-) 4.11 - 4.6 (-5.63)  µm , 5.65-7.70  × 3.44-5.63  µm , Q = 1.23-1.70, Qav = 1.48, hyaline in 5% KOH, oval at face view, lacrymoid to amygdaliform in side-view, guttulate, smooth, dextrinoid, thin-walled and apiculate. Basidia (12.06-) 13.08 - 23.5 (-24.03)  × (6.86-) 7.7 - 8.72 (-9.72)  µm , 12.9-18.5  × 5.8-7.7  µm , narrowly clavate, hyaline in 5% KOH, smooth, with 2-4 prominent sterigmata, oil droplets present, no clamp at base. Cheilocystidia (15.12-) 16.12 - 24.9 (-25.98)  × (6.88-) 7.8 - 8.4 (-9.43)  µm , 15-26  × 6.8-9.4  µm , hyaline in 5% KOH, thin-walled, clavate to narrowly clavate, smooth, without internal content and clamp. Pleurocystidia absent. Many layers of isodiametric irregular epithelial cells av = 7.87  µm in diameter, at the base of basidia and cystidia. Pileipellis trichoderm, made up of septate, cylindrical hyphae 5.6-7.7µm in diam., thin-walled, light brown to reddish pigment in the center, light orange to yellowish pigment towards margin in 2% KOH, clamp connections absent. Stipitipellis cutis compactly arranged, made up of septate, cylindrical hyphae 3.4-7.1µm in diam., av. w = 5.86  µm thin-walled, hyaline in 2% KOH, clamp connections absent. </p>
            <p>Additional material examined.</p>
            <p>
                  Pakistan,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 73.087364/lat 33.750305)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=73.087364&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.750305">Islamabad</a>
                 , Margalla Hills National park, Trail 5, 33°45'01.1"N, 73°05'14.5"E, 1303 m.a.s.l., July 27, 2018 Shazia Ashraf &amp; Arooj Naseer, MH-65 (LAH37555), GenBank for ITS OP605604 &amp; OP782029 for LSU  ). 
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            <p>Comments.</p>
            <p> Leucoagaricus glareicolor is characterized by broad umbo that is brown to blackish brown, fibrillose to rugulose white pileus. The stipe is smooth, sub-bulbous with annulus that is present in upper 1/3 of stipe. Anatomically,  Leucoagaricus glareicolor has smaller (5.65-7.70  × 3.44-5.63  µm ) basidiospores and cheilocystidia without crystals at apex. </p>
            <p> Leucoagaricus glareicolor shows close relationship with  L. subvolvatus and  L. menieri .  Leucoagaricus subvolvatus and  L. glareicolor share many similarities like same pileus color, size and shape. However,  L. subvolvatus has broad yellow umbo with yellow, fine fibrils while  L. glareicolor has very prominent, blackish brown umbo with blackish brown fibrils.  Leucoagaricus subvolvatus is characterized by stipe base with a marginal bulb.  Leucoagaricus glareicolor has slightly bulbous stipe. Furthermore,  Leucoagaricus subvolvatus has annulus at lower part of stipe while  Leucoagaricus glareicolor has prominent annulus in upper 1/3 half of stipe. Furthermore,  Leucoagaricus subvolvatus has cheilocystidia with crystals at apex whereas  Leucoagaricus glareicolor cheilocystidia lacks crystals at apex (Candusso and Lanzoni 1990). </p>
            <p> Compared to  Leucoagaricus menieri , characterized by light yellow, slightly umbonate pileus which is milky white while  Leucoagaricus glareicolor has brownish black umbo, creamy white pileus with blackish brown fibrils. The stipe in the former is more bulbous (4-5 mm) as compared to subbulbous (0.5-1.7 cm) stipe in  Leucoagaricus glareicolor . Anatomically  Leucoagaricus menieri is differentiated from  Leucoagaricus glareicolor by longer basidiospores {(6.9-)7.4(-8.7)} and the presence of crystals at apex of cheilocystidia. Another closely related taxon is  Leucoagaricus sardous that is differentiated by our taxa by broader {5-6.8 (7.3)} basidiospores and larger (upto 75  µm ) cheilocystidia. The next closely related taxon is  L. volvatus that is characterized by the gelatinized, white pileus with olivaceous tinges and presence of crystals on cheilocystidia. </p>
            <p> Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on ITS and LSU sequences also support  La. glareicolor as a distinct species with strong bootstrap support. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C3B75EE35A395E489E87AE8E8CEAE363	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Ashraf, Shazia;Naseer, Arooj;Usman, Muhammad;Khalid, Abdul Nasir	Ashraf, Shazia, Naseer, Arooj, Usman, Muhammad, Khalid, Abdul Nasir (2023): Two new species of genus Leucoagaricus (Agaricaceae, Agaricales) from Pakistan. MycoKeys 96: 159-171, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.96.101745, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.96.101745
67196D18B57454ABBEAA1362442FF60D.text	67196D18B57454ABBEAA1362442FF60D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leucoagaricus margallensis Ashraf, S., Naseer, A. & Khalid, A. N. 2023	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Leucoagaricus margallensis Ashraf, S., Naseer, A. &amp; Khalid, A.N. sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figs 3, 4</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The specific epithet margallensis (Latin) refers to type locality Margalla.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Leucoagaricus margallensis can be distinguished by small, umbonate pileus with minute, fragile annulus, bulbous stipe, smaller basidiospores (6.27  × 4.67  µm ) and cheilocystidia without crystals on its apex. </p>
            <p>Holotype.</p>
            <p>Pakistan, Islamabad, Margalla Hills National park, trail 5, 33°45'01.1"N, 73°05'14.5"E, 1303 m.a.s.l., July 27, 2018, Shazia Ashraf &amp; Arooj Naseer, MH-63, Holotype (LAH 37543), GenBank: OP605606 (ITS), OP782026 (LSU).</p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Basidiomata medium-sized, shiny, smooth, moderately fleshy, solitary. Pileus 1.5-2.5 cm in diameter, hemispherical to parabolic when young, expanding convex to plano convex, plane at maturity, umbonate, radially fibrillose to rugulose, whole pileus orange (0.5YR 3.2/8.7) when immature, then yellowish orange (9.4YR 6.1/7.2) on maturity, margin incurved in mature and striated, context white, smooth, thick at center. Lamellae free to thin, milky white (2.2GY 6.8/0.9), spacing fine and close, 1-1.5 mm wide, edges entire, lamellae regular, 3-4 tiers. Lamellulae irregular, alternating with lamella, in 2-3 tiers. Stipe 4.5-7  × 0.5-1 cm, cylindrical, central, thin, white (2.2GY 6.8/0.9), smooth, shiny, even, clavate. Annulus simple, white, located in upper half of stipe, membranous upturned. Flavor and odor not distinctive. </p>
            <p> Basidiospores [90/5/3] (6-) 6.2 - 8.0 (-8.2)  × (3.43-) 4.11 - 4.7(-4.9)  µm , 6.1-8.1  × 3.7-4.8  µm , av. Q = 1.58-1.42, Qav = 1.49, hyaline to light yellowish in 5% KOH, oval to ellipsoid at face view, lacrymoid to amygdaliform in side-view, guttulate, smooth, dextrinoid, thin-walled and apiculate. Basidia (12.06-) 13.08 - 23.5 (-24.03)  × (6.86-) 7.7 - 8.72 (-9.72)  µm , 12.9-18.5  × 5.8-7.7  µm , av. L =19.29  µm , av. W = 7.54  µm , narrowly clavate, hyaline in 5% KOH, smooth, with 2-4 prominent sterigmata, oil droplets present,no clamp at base. Cheilocystidia (15.12-) 16.12 - 24.9 (-25.98)  × (6.88-) 7.8 - 8.4 (-9.43)  µm , 15-26  × 6.8-9.4  µm , hyaline in 5% KOH, thick-walled, broadly clavate and smooth, without internal content and clamp. Pleurocystidia absent. Pileipellis an intricate trichoderm, made up of 5.6-7.7  µm , av w=5.99  µm , wide, septate, interwoven, thin-walled hyphae, hyaline in 5% KOH, clamp connections absent. </p>
            <p> Stipitipellis as compactly arranged cutis, made up of septate, cylindrical hyphae, 3.4-4.9  µm in diam., thin-walled, light yellowish in 2% KOH, clamp connections absent. </p>
            <p>Additional specimen.</p>
            <p>Pakistan, Islamabad, Margalla Hills National park, trail 5, 33°45'01.1"N, 73°05'14.5"E, 1303 m a.s.l., July 22, 2021, Shazia Ashraf, MH-111(LAH 37454), GenBank for ITS (OP605607) LSU (OP782027).</p>
            <p>Comments.</p>
            <p> Leucoagaricus margallensis has a combination of striking features like small, umbonate pileus with minute, fragile annulus and broader bulbous stipe. Anatomically, it has smaller basidiospores (6.27  × 4.67  µm ), smaller cheliocystidia and absence of crystals at apex of cheliocystidia. </p>
            <p> Leucoagaricus margallensis resembles  La. rubrotinctus including similar pileus size and shape, fibrillose surface, stipe color and shape. But  Leucoagaricus margallensis differs from  La. rubrotinctus by minute fragile annulus while  La. rubrotinctus has prominent white annulus. Anatomically,  Leucoagaricus margallensis has ellipsoid, smaller (6.27  × 4.67  µm ) basidispores as compared to  La. rubrotinctus larger and amygdaliform basidiospores. Furthermore,  Leucoagaricus margallensis has smaller cheliocystidia (15-26  × 6.8-9.4  µm ) as compared to  La. rubrotinctus (30-50  × 5-10  µm ), narrow pilleipellis hyphae (5-10  µm ) in  La. rubrotinctus . The other closely related taxa in phylogenetic tree is  L. rubroconfusus Migl. &amp; Coccia, characterized by centrally depressed, larger (up to 7.5 cm) pileus with orange fibrillose squamules as compared to umbonate, smaller (2.5 cm) yellowish orange fibrils on white pileus of Pakistani taxon. Anatomically, both taxa lack crystals at apex of cheilocystidia. Our taxon  Leucoagaricus margallensis is differentiated from  L. rubroconfusus due to smaller (6.27  × 4.67  µm ) basidiospores as compared to basidiospores of  L. rubroconfusus (5.5-8(9.5))  µm . </p>
            <p> Leucoagaricus subpurpureolilacinus Z.W. Ge &amp; Zhu L. Yang, from southwestern China differs in its broad, brown to dark ruby umbo, larger basidiospores and clavate cheilocystidia with gelatinized covering intermixed with crystals (Ge et al. 2015). Our taxon can also be differentiated from  La. purpureolilacinus .  Leucoagaricus purpureolilacinus has a pinkish brown pileus with a dark purple brown disk, a stipe attenuating toward the base, amygdaliform spores and clavate cheilocystidia often with constrictions in the middle (Vellinga 2001). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/67196D18B57454ABBEAA1362442FF60D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Ashraf, Shazia;Naseer, Arooj;Usman, Muhammad;Khalid, Abdul Nasir	Ashraf, Shazia, Naseer, Arooj, Usman, Muhammad, Khalid, Abdul Nasir (2023): Two new species of genus Leucoagaricus (Agaricaceae, Agaricales) from Pakistan. MycoKeys 96: 159-171, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.96.101745, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.96.101745
