identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
FE25878DD64DB079B6BBA1D5FF71FF43.text	FE25878DD64DB079B6BBA1D5FF71FF43.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspergillus flavus Link	<div><p>Aspergillus flavus Link, Mag. Gesell. naturf. Freunde, Berlin 3 (1–2): 16 (1809)</p> <p>Index Fungorum registration number: 209842</p> <p>Colonies on PDA are fast-growing, reached approximately ¾ th of the 9 cm plate in ten days at 28–30 0 C, black, reverse black, irregular, margin curled, appearance granular, flat, mycelia less concentrated concentric turning filamentous on maturation (Figure 5g, h). Sclerotia dark brown to black. Conidiophore 400–830 μm (x̄=520) in length and 8–12 μm (x̄=10) in width, smooth-walled, stout with dichotomous or trichotomous branching, rhizoids at the base, globose vesicles of 20–50 μm (x̄=36) diam. (Figure 5i).</p> <p>Notes: The Aspergillus flavus isolate (MZ314421) was 99.63% similar to MH329787 (identity: 536/538, gaps: 2/538).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE25878DD64DB079B6BBA1D5FF71FF43	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ganeshalingam, Archchana;Daranagama, Dinushani A.	Ganeshalingam, Archchana, Daranagama, Dinushani A. (2022): First comprehensive study on distribution frequency and incidence of seed-borne pathogens from cereal and legume crops in Sri Lanka. Phytotaxa 531 (3): 267-281, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.3.6
FE25878DD64BB078B6BBA2D0FC68F79A.text	FE25878DD64BB078B6BBA2D0FC68F79A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspergillus niger Tiegh.	<div><p>Aspergillus niger Tiegh., Annls Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 5 8: 240 (1867)</p> <p>Index Fungorum registration number: 284309</p> <p>Colonies on PDA are fast-growing, reached approximately ¾ th of the 9 cm plate in two weeks at 28–30 0 C, black, reverse black initially, turned greyish, or brownish black with aging (Figure 1h, q, 2b, h, 5k), irregular, margin undulate, flat, mycelia concentric, granular (Figure 1 g, p, 2a, g, 5j.). Conidiophores 1.5–3.0 mm (x̄=2.7) in length and 10–14 μm (x̄=12) in width, aseptate, thick-walled, smooth and hyaline with round vesicle. Phialides columnar with radial chains covering the entire surface of the vesicle; Conidial heads large 750–850 μm (x̄=824), black, globose (Figures 1i, r and 2c, i), Conidia brown, thick-walled, spherical or sub-spherical, 2.5–10 μm (x̄=6.5) diam., produced in large number (Figure 5l.)</p> <p>Notes: The Aspergillus niger recovered from Arachis hypogea kernel (MZ314419 and MZ331798) showed similarity to KT898605 (identity: 378/388, gaps: 0/388) and MH091025 (identity: 587/588, gaps: 1/588) respectively. Those isolates from the seed coat (MZ277273 and MZ314420) were 99% similar to HQ285532 (identity: 600/602, gaps: 1/602) and EU440778 (identity: 551/553, gaps: 2/553) respectively. The isolate from Vigna sinensis (MZ323689) showed 98.48% similarity to MT316340 (identity: 584/593, gaps: 3/593).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE25878DD64BB078B6BBA2D0FC68F79A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ganeshalingam, Archchana;Daranagama, Dinushani A.	Ganeshalingam, Archchana, Daranagama, Dinushani A. (2022): First comprehensive study on distribution frequency and incidence of seed-borne pathogens from cereal and legume crops in Sri Lanka. Phytotaxa 531 (3): 267-281, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.3.6
FE25878DD649B07AB6BBA5FCFDCFFBA5.text	FE25878DD649B07AB6BBA5FCFDCFFBA5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aspergillus oryzae (Ahlb.) Cohn, Jber.	<div><p>Aspergillus oryzae (Ahlb.) Cohn, Jber. schles. Ges. vaterl. Kultur 61: 227 (1884) [1883]</p> <p>Index Fungorum registration number: 426783</p> <p>Colonies on PDA are moderately fast-growing, reached approximately ¾ th of the 9 cm plate in two weeks at 28–30 0 C, start as white or pale yellow from inoculation points and turn green, reverse green, irregular, margin curled, appearance flat, powdery, concentric circles (Figure 1d, e, 5a, b). Conidiophore very long, 4–5 mm (x̄=4.7) in length and 3–12 μm (x̄=9) in width, branched, hyaline with flask-shaped vesicles of 40–50 μm (x̄=42), Phialides clustered terminal, covering the surface of the vesicle (Figure 5c.), Conidial heads 100–300 μm (x̄=210) diam. globose with conidia in acropetal chain arrangement (Figure 1f) with longitudinal and transverse septations. Conidia 4.5–7.5 μm (x̄=6.5), greenish-brown, spherical, smooth-walled.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE25878DD649B07AB6BBA5FCFDCFFBA5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ganeshalingam, Archchana;Daranagama, Dinushani A.	Ganeshalingam, Archchana, Daranagama, Dinushani A. (2022): First comprehensive study on distribution frequency and incidence of seed-borne pathogens from cereal and legume crops in Sri Lanka. Phytotaxa 531 (3): 267-281, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.3.6
FE25878DD649B07AB6BBA28CFEB3F892.text	FE25878DD649B07AB6BBA28CFEB3F892.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bipolaris sivanesaniana Y. P. Tan & R. G. Shivas	<div><p>Bipolaris sivanesaniana Y.P. Tan &amp; R.G. Shivas, in Tan, Crous &amp; Shivas, Mycol. Progr. 15 (10): 1210 (2016)</p> <p>Index Fungorum registration number: 817468</p> <p>Colonies on PDA covered the entire 9 cm plate in 10 days at 28–30 0 C, grey-black floccose, reverse black, irregular, margin undulate, exudates present, appearance velvety, dull, umbonate (Figure 3d, e). Conidiophore 600–800 μm (x̄=752) in length and 4–6 μm (x̄=5.2) in width, subhyaline, pseudo septate, branched, basal cell swollen and darker. Conidia 14–15.5 μm (x̄=14.7) ellipsoid, obclavate or slightly curved, hyaline arranged on rachis, distinct conidiogenous nodes (Figure 3f.).</p> <p>Notes: The isolate (MZ277275) from Oryza sativa showed 100% similarity to KU715234 (identity: 566/566, gaps: 0/566).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE25878DD649B07AB6BBA28CFEB3F892	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ganeshalingam, Archchana;Daranagama, Dinushani A.	Ganeshalingam, Archchana, Daranagama, Dinushani A. (2022): First comprehensive study on distribution frequency and incidence of seed-borne pathogens from cereal and legume crops in Sri Lanka. Phytotaxa 531 (3): 267-281, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.3.6
FE25878DD649B075B6BBA018FEB3FF43.text	FE25878DD649B075B6BBA018FEB3FF43.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Daldinia eschscholtzii (Ehrenb.) Rehm	<div><p>Daldinia eschscholtzii (Ehrenb.) Rehm [as ‘ eschscholzii ’], Annls mycol. 2(2): 175 (1904)</p> <p>Index Fungorum registration number: 544992</p> <p>Colonies on PDA covered half the 9 cm plate in 7 days at 28–30 0 C, grey with a white margin, reverse black with a white margin, circular, margin undulate, appearance powdery, mycelia white and raised, melanized hyphae with brownish exudates (Figure 3h.). Conidiophore 0.8–2 μm (x̄=1.5) in length and 0.7–1.5 μm (x̄=1.2) in width, septate, thin-walled, hyaline, black exudates, irregular branching (Figure 3i.).</p> <p>Notes: The isolate (MZ 204059) from Oryza sativa showed 100% similarity to MF773683 (identity: 512/512, gaps: 0/512).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE25878DD649B075B6BBA018FEB3FF43	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ganeshalingam, Archchana;Daranagama, Dinushani A.	Ganeshalingam, Archchana, Daranagama, Dinushani A. (2022): First comprehensive study on distribution frequency and incidence of seed-borne pathogens from cereal and legume crops in Sri Lanka. Phytotaxa 531 (3): 267-281, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.3.6
FE25878DD647B074B6BBA7BCFC56FE63.text	FE25878DD647B074B6BBA7BCFC56FE63.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid., Annali Sper.	<div><p>Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid., Annali Sper. agr., N.S. 1 (3): 457 (1947)</p> <p>Index Fungorum registration number: 300023</p> <p>Colonies on PDA covered the entire 9 cm plate in 2 weeks at 28–30 0 C, dark grey to black with aging, reverse black, irregular, margin filiform, appearance flat, velvety. Abundant mycelia with sclerotia imbedded (Figure 1j, k.). Conidiophores 10–15 μm (x̄=12.4) in length and 5–12 μm (x̄=7) in width, subhyaline, septate, branching at an almost right angle to the parent hyphae. Sclerotia by aggregation of hyphae, 50–150 μm (x̄=122) spherical or oblong (Figure 1l.).</p> <p>Notes: The Macrophomina isolate (MZ277271) in this study was 99.62% similar to Macrophomina phaseolina closest match of accession number KT862032 (identity: 535/539, gaps: 3/539).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE25878DD647B074B6BBA7BCFC56FE63	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ganeshalingam, Archchana;Daranagama, Dinushani A.	Ganeshalingam, Archchana, Daranagama, Dinushani A. (2022): First comprehensive study on distribution frequency and incidence of seed-borne pathogens from cereal and legume crops in Sri Lanka. Phytotaxa 531 (3): 267-281, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.3.6
FE25878DD647B074B6BBA508FE5AFCFB.text	FE25878DD647B074B6BBA508FE5AFCFB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Orbilia foliicola Baral & E. Weber 2020	<div><p>Orbilia foliicola Baral &amp; E. Weber, in Baral, Weber &amp; Marson, Monogr. Orbiliomycetes: 482 (2020)</p> <p>Index Fungorum registration number: 813487</p> <p>Colonies on PDA are fast-growing, reached ¾ th of the 9 cm plate in 10 days at 28–30 0 C, orange, reverse orange, circular, margin curled, appearance flat, smooth, concentric circles on both sides (Figure 3j, k.). Conidiophore 11–29 μm (x̄=20) in length and 1.5–2 μm (x̄=1.6) in width, hyaline, smooth, high branching pattern (Figure 3l.), exudates orange pigmented.</p> <p>Notes: The Orbilia foliicola isolate (MZ277276) from this study was 100% similar to the closest match KU715138 (identity: 520/520, gaps: 0/520).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE25878DD647B074B6BBA508FE5AFCFB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ganeshalingam, Archchana;Daranagama, Dinushani A.	Ganeshalingam, Archchana, Daranagama, Dinushani A. (2022): First comprehensive study on distribution frequency and incidence of seed-borne pathogens from cereal and legume crops in Sri Lanka. Phytotaxa 531 (3): 267-281, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.3.6
FE25878DD647B074B6BBA4B0FB38FAC3.text	FE25878DD647B074B6BBA4B0FB38FAC3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhizopus oryzae Went & Prins. Geerl., Verh. K. Akad. Wet.	<div><p>Rhizopus oryzae Went &amp; Prins. Geerl., Verh. K. Akad. Wet., tweede sect. 4 (2): 16 (1895)</p> <p>Index Fungorum registration number: 433253</p> <p>Colonies on PDA are rapidly growing, covered the entire 9 cm plate in four days at 28–30 0 C, white, turned brownish with sporulation and aging, reverse white, filamentous, margin filiform, appearance hairy or cottony, mycelia raised (Figure 1a, b, 2d, e, 3a, b, 4a, b.). Sporangiophore 1–2.5 mm (x̄=1.8) in length and 8–14 μm (x̄=9) in width, branched, aseptate, stout with dichotomous or trichotomous branching (Figure 4c.), smooth-walled and ribbon-like, rhizoids present at the base. Sporangia 160–240 μm (x̄=212) diam., globose, black (Figure 1c, 2f, 3c.).</p> <p>Notes: The Rhizopus isolate from Arachis hypogea kernel (MZ314418) and the seed coat (MZ323688) showed 99% percentage similarity to Rhizopus oryzae accessions MH865580 (identity: 582/584, gaps: 2/584) and KJ417528 (identity: 630/635, gaps: 3/635) respectively. The isolate (MZ277274) from Oryza sativa showed 97.90% similarity to KJ417528 (identity: 605/618, gaps: 2/618). This isolate (MZ277277) from Vigna radiata shared a similarity index of 97.93% to Rhizopus oryzae reference sequence MH857485 (identity: 569/581, gaps: 1/581).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE25878DD647B074B6BBA4B0FB38FAC3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ganeshalingam, Archchana;Daranagama, Dinushani A.	Ganeshalingam, Archchana, Daranagama, Dinushani A. (2022): First comprehensive study on distribution frequency and incidence of seed-borne pathogens from cereal and legume crops in Sri Lanka. Phytotaxa 531 (3): 267-281, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.3.6
FE25878DD647B076B6BBA2A8FE26FED6.text	FE25878DD647B076B6BBA2A8FE26FED6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Talaromyces oumae-annae Visagie, N. Yilmaz, Seifert & Samson	<div><p>Talaromyces oumae-annae Visagie, N. Yilmaz, Seifert &amp; Samson, in Visagie, Hirooka, Tanney, Whitfield, Mwange, Meijer, Amend, Seifert &amp; Samson, Stud. Mycol. 78: 130 (2014)</p> <p>Index Fungorum registration number: 809187</p> <p>Colonies on PDA covered half the 9 cm plate in 2 weeks at 28–30 0 C, rapidly growing, greenish grey with a white margin, reverse pale orange with a white margin, circular, margin entire, appearance smooth, velvety, flat, slightly raised at the center, white exudate at the center, dense sporulation (Figure 1e.). Conidiophore 85–240 μm (x̄=183) in length and 2.5–3.5 μm (x̄=3.2) in width, hyaline, septate, simple branching phialides flask-shaped, Conidia 3–3.5 μm (x̄=3.3), round or ellipsoidal, single-celled.</p> <p>Notes: The isolate MZ 277272 from this study was similar to Talaromyces oumae- annae of accession number HQ829146 (identity: 548/556, gaps: 4/556).</p> <p>Determination of the quality of seeds</p> <p>The seed coat of most Arachis hypogea seeds was covered with black powdery mass (Figure 6a). Discolorations were observed in few seeds of Vigna radiata and Vigna sinensis (Figure 6c, d). Most of the seeds of Oryza sativa had tiny holes or cracks in them (Figure 6b). According to the observations made, certain varieties contained some abnormal seedlings. The seedlings of Arachis hypogea were normal whereas Vigna radiata and Vigna sinensis had 30% and 10% of the abnormal seedlings with a distinctly short shoot, root and cut-off hypocotyl restricting further growth (Figure 7.).</p> <p>The germination percentage of Arachis hypogea was 20%. No germination was recorded from the seeds of Oryza sativa. Hence, the germination percentage and vigor index could not be calculated. The germination percentage of both Vigna radiata and Vigna sinensis was 100. The seedlings of Arachis hypogea, Vigna radiata and Vigna sinensis showed a vigor index of 585, 2155.5, and 2909, respectively. Seed germination percentages and the vigor indices are summarized in Table 2.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE25878DD647B076B6BBA2A8FE26FED6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ganeshalingam, Archchana;Daranagama, Dinushani A.	Ganeshalingam, Archchana, Daranagama, Dinushani A. (2022): First comprehensive study on distribution frequency and incidence of seed-borne pathogens from cereal and legume crops in Sri Lanka. Phytotaxa 531 (3): 267-281, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.3.6
