taxonID	type	description	language	source
E30487A8FF98905BFF62F9BDFEF7FE69.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Paracatu, seguindo pela GO- 020 atravessando o rio São Marcos e adentrando no estado de Minas Gerais, ca. 38 km L da BR- 050, 17 ° 22 ’ 39 ” S, 47 ° 28 ’ 59 ” W, elev. 917 m, 07 June 2020, J. B. A. Bringel & J. E. Q. Faria 1713 (holotype CEN!; isotypes UFP!, RB!, MBM!).	en	Loeuille, Benoît, Bringel Jr, João Bernardo De A., Faria Jr, Jair E. Q., Valls, José F. M. (2022): Three new species of Lychnophorinae from the Brazilian Central Plateau (Asteraceae: Vernonieae). Phytotaxa 531 (3): 249-266, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.3.5
E30487A8FF98905BFF62F9BDFEF7FE69.taxon	description	Description: — Treelet up to 1.5 m. Stems moderately branched, reddish-brown tomentose with semicircular leaf scars following leaf fall, younger branches furrowed. Leaves alternate, simple; petiole 0.5 – 1.2 cm long, upper leaves subsessile, base enlarged; blade oblong or elliptic, sometimes narrow obovate, 5.7 – 10.1 × 2.4 – 3.6 cm, venation brochidodromous, midrib and secondary veins prominent abaxially, midrib furrowed, adaxial surface willow green, tomentose, abaxial surface green-greyish, sometimes slightly reddish-brown, densely tomentose, tomentum of unbranched, long, thin trichomes, 3 - to 5 - armed, bladder-like trichomes and 3 - to 5 - armed not swollen trichomes, coriaceous, margins entire, flat, apex obtuse or slightly acute, base acute, sometimes obtuse. Capitula fused in a syncephalium (secondary order inflorescence), sometimes 2 – 5 syncephalia juxtaposed into a tertiary order inflorescence, organized in a terminal cyme (not compound) of 3 – 7 syncephalia. Syncephalium 1.1 – 2.4 cm tall, 1.3 – 2.4 cm diam., hemispherical; secondary bracts ovate, base obtuse, leaf-like, 0.5 – 2 × 0.3 – 0.9 cm long. Capitula 20 – ca. 100, homogamous, discoid, sessile, fused 3 / 4 of length; involucre 3.2 – 5.3 mm tall, 1.7 – 3 mm diam., obconic, 4 – 5 - seriate, subequal; phyllaries weakly imbricate, narrow elliptic or narrow oblanceolate, light greenish, upper half darker, apex obtuse, densely lanulose, margins scarious, persistent, outer phyllaries 2.5 – 3 × 0.3 – 0.4 mm, inner phyllaries 3.5 – 4.6 × 0.4 – 0.6 mm long; receptacle flat, naked. Florets 1 per capitulum, bisexual, fertile; corolla actinomorphic, deeply 5 - lobed, lilac, corolla tube 2.5 – 3.2 × 0.5 – 0.8 mm, villose towards base, corolla lobes 3 – 3.2 × 0.5 – 0.6 mm, glandular-punctate, pilose towards apices, apex acute; anther whitish or lilac, apical anther appendages lanceolate, acute, anther base sagittate, acute; style shaft 4.5 – 5.5 mm long, white or pale lilac, glabrous throughout except for pubescent upper ca. 1 mm beneath style arms, style arms 1 – 2 mm long, apex acute, pubescent outside, hairs acute, style base glabrous, lacking basal node. Cypsela turbinate, 2.9 – 3.1 × 0.8 – 1 mm, obscurely-ribbed, light brown, sericeous, densely reddish glandular-punctate at base (when fully developed); carpopodium inconspicuous; pappus setae 3 – 4 - seriate, stramineous, paleaceous, persistent, ± serrulate, outermost series setae 1 – 2.1 mm, innermost series setae 4 – 5.1 mm.	en	Loeuille, Benoît, Bringel Jr, João Bernardo De A., Faria Jr, Jair E. Q., Valls, José F. M. (2022): Three new species of Lychnophorinae from the Brazilian Central Plateau (Asteraceae: Vernonieae). Phytotaxa 531 (3): 249-266, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.3.5
E30487A8FF98905BFF62F9BDFEF7FE69.taxon	distribution	Distribution, habitat, and conservation status: — Eremanthus tomentosus grows in hillsides in campo sujo (open grassland with few, scattered shrubs or treelets) on cambisol with small quartzitic rocks. It is currently known from three populations in southeastern Goiás and surrounding areas in Minas Gerais, near the São Marcos river. In addition, a fourth population was found about 160 km away, in the Brasília Botanical Garden reserve in the Distrito Federal (Fig. 3). According to the IUCN (2019) criterion of geographic range, this species is recognized as Endangered, since its extent of occurrence is estimated in 2,327 km 2 and area of occupancy in 16 km 2.	en	Loeuille, Benoît, Bringel Jr, João Bernardo De A., Faria Jr, Jair E. Q., Valls, José F. M. (2022): Three new species of Lychnophorinae from the Brazilian Central Plateau (Asteraceae: Vernonieae). Phytotaxa 531 (3): 249-266, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.3.5
E30487A8FF98905BFF62F9BDFEF7FE69.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The species epithet refers to the tomentose indument covering the adaxial leaf surface of the new species. Additional specimens examined (paratypes): — BRAZIL. Distrito Federal. Brasília. Estação Ecológica Jardim Botânico de Brasília, área do Morro do Urubu, 15 ° 54 ’ 58 ” S, 47 ° 53 ’ 28 ” W, elev. 1125 m. J. E. Q. Faria 10684 (HEPH, UB, UFP). Goiás. Campo Alegre de Goiás, estrada à direita da GO- 213 ca. 21 km NE de Campo Alegre, 17 ° 32 ’ 31 ” S, 47 ° 39 ’ 22 ” W, elev. 917 m, 06 June 2020, J. B. A. Bringel Jr. & J. E. Q. Faria 1700 (CEN, UFP); margem da GO- 213, ca. 13 km de Campo Alegre – GO, 17 ° 32 ’ 55 ” S, 47 ° 42 ’ 00 ” W, 06 June 2020, J. B. A. Bringel Jr. & J. E. Q. Faria 1684 (CEN, UFP); ibid., J. E. Q. Faria & J. B. A. Bringel Jr. 10651 (HDJF, HUEG, RB, UB, UFP); rodovia não pavimentada GO- 213, ca. 13.5 km E do entroncamento com a BR- 050, 17 ° 32 ’ 54 ” S, 47 ° 42 ’ 01 ” W, 29 July 2018, J. B. A. Bringel Jr. & J. E. Q. Faria 1368 (CEN, UFP). Minas Gerais. Paracatu, seguindo pela GO- 020 atravessando o rio São Marcos e adentrando no estado de Minas Gerais, ca. de 38 km E da BR- 050, 17 ° 22 ’ 39 ” S, 47 ° 28 ’ 59 ” W, elev. 886 m, 07 June 2020, J. E. Q. Faria & J. B. A. Bringel Jr. 10679 (HDJF, HEPH, RB, UB, UFP).	en	Loeuille, Benoît, Bringel Jr, João Bernardo De A., Faria Jr, Jair E. Q., Valls, José F. M. (2022): Three new species of Lychnophorinae from the Brazilian Central Plateau (Asteraceae: Vernonieae). Phytotaxa 531 (3): 249-266, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.3.5
E30487A8FF98905BFF62F9BDFEF7FE69.taxon	discussion	Discussion: — Eremanthus tomentosus belongs to E. subgen. Eremanthus sect. Synglomerus MacLeish (1987: 275) because of the heads organized in a cyme of syncephalia (not a compound cyme of syncephalia like in sect. Eremanthus), obconic heads and cypsela with a paleaceous, persistent pappus (MacLeish 1987). It is morphologically related to E. cinctus Baker (1873: 162) by its reddish-brown tomentose stems and hemispherical syncephalium surrounded by conspicuous secondary bracts. However, the new species differs from E. cinctus by its petiolate leaves (vs. sessile), the adaxial leaf surface tomentum (tomentose vs. glabrate), secondary bracts with constricted obtuse bases (vs. prominently enlarged bases), heads fused in 3 / 4 of length (vs. fused in the entire length) and cypsela with reddish glands at the base (vs. without reddish glands at the base). The other Eremanthus species with adaxially tomentose leaves is E. mollis Schultz-Bipontinus (1861: 166), which also shares with E. tomentosus the presence of third order syncephalia in some individuals. The new species differs by its habit (treelet vs. subshrub to shrub), inflorescence type (cyme of syncephalia vs. corymb of syncephalia), syncephalium shape (hemispherical vs. spherical), number of pappus series (3 – 4 - seriate vs. biseriate). Eremanthus tomentosus occurs in sympatry with four other species of the genus: E. mollis, E. glomerulatus Lessing (1829: 317), E. goyazensis (Gardner 1847: 425) Schultz-Bipontinus (1861: 165), and E. mattogrossensis Kuntze (1898: 145), but these species have compound cymes of syncephalia with heads fused in less than 1 / 2 of the length (E. glomerulatus and E. mattogrossensis) or the entire length (E. goyazensis) (vs. not compound cyme and heads fused in 3 / 4 of the length) (MacLeish 1984, 1987, Loeuille et al. 2019) (Table 1). A hybrid origin of the new species cannot be excluded since E. goyazensis and E. mollis share some morphological traits with the new species and the three of them were always found sympatrically. Nonetheless, only E. tomentosus displays corolla villose towards the base and cypsela with reddish glands at the base. We encourage future efforts to investigate this hypothesis.	en	Loeuille, Benoît, Bringel Jr, João Bernardo De A., Faria Jr, Jair E. Q., Valls, José F. M. (2022): Three new species of Lychnophorinae from the Brazilian Central Plateau (Asteraceae: Vernonieae). Phytotaxa 531 (3): 249-266, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.3.5
E30487A8FF9E9054FF62F8AFFD83FAE5.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — BRAZIL. Goiás: Guarani de Goiás, BR- 020, sentido Barreiras (BA) ca. 15 km NE da entrada para Posse (GO). 14 ° 00 ’ 54 ’’ S, 46 ° 13 ’ 08 ’’ W, 890 m, 28 May 2020, J. B. A. Bringel Jr., B. Schindler, M. Figueira & M. F. Simon 1680 (holotype: CEN!, isotypes HUFU!, MBM!, P!, RB!, UEC!, UFP!).	en	Loeuille, Benoît, Bringel Jr, João Bernardo De A., Faria Jr, Jair E. Q., Valls, José F. M. (2022): Three new species of Lychnophorinae from the Brazilian Central Plateau (Asteraceae: Vernonieae). Phytotaxa 531 (3): 249-266, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.3.5
E30487A8FF9E9054FF62F8AFFD83FAE5.taxon	description	Description: — Treelet up to 1.3 – 2 m tall, erect, candelabriform. Stems highly branched, ochraceous to greyish tomentose to villose with circular, punctiform leaf scars with tuft of subvelutinous trichomes above leaf insertion. Leaves alternate, simple, ericoid, densely imbricate, sessile; blade deltoid to ovate, slightly bent at antrorse position, 6 – 12 × 2 – 6 mm, venation obscurely brochidodromous, midrib impressed, secondary veins obscurely impressed to inconspicuous adaxially, midrib prominent, completely covered by indument abaxially, adaxial surface dull or olive green to greyish in sicco, lightly green in vivo, glabrous, with sparse glandular-dots, abaxial surface whitish, greyish or ochraceous, tomentose to villose, tomentum of unbranched, long, thin trichomes and branched, 3 - to 5 - armed trichomes, coriaceous, margin entire, revolute, apex acuminate with a pungent, spiniform mucro, straight to ascendant, ca. 0.5 mm long, base cordate to auriculate. Capitula fused in a solitary syncephalia (secondary order inflorescence), terminal on side branches. Syncephalium 6 – 10 mm tall, 10 – 15 mm diam., hemispherical; surrounded by leaf-like secondary bracts. Capitula 12 – 32, homogamous, discoid, sessile, slightly appressed at base, interspersed by leaf-like subinvolucral bracts; involucre 6.5 – 7.5 tall, 2.3 – 2.5 mm diam., cylindrical, 4 - seriate; phyllaries weakly imbricate, light stramineous with brown to dark purple spots at apex, outer phyllaries 2.3 – 3.4 × 1.1 – 1.2 mm, obovate, glabrous, apex acute, sparsely mammillate, inner phyllaries 6.2 – 6.3 × 0.7 – 1.1 mm, lanceolate, apex obtuse, sparsely mammillate; receptacle flat, naked. Florets 1 per capitulum, bisexual, fertile; corolla actinomorphic, deeply 5 - lobed, purple, turning white, corolla tube 3.8 – 4.8 × 1.5 – 1.6 mm, glabrous, corolla lobes 3.9 – 4.2 × 1.1 mm, glandular-punctate, pilose towards apices, apex acute; anther whitish or lilac, apical anther appendages lanceolate, acute, anther base sagittate, acute; style shaft ca. 10.3 mm long, white or pale lilac, glabrous throughout except for pubescent upper ca. 2.8 mm beneath style arms, style arms ca. 1 mm long, apex acute, pubescent outside, hairs acute, style base glabrous, lacking basal node. Cypsela turbinate, 1.9 – 2.3 × 1.4 mm, terete, slightly 10 - ribbed, dark-brown, glandular-punctate, glabrous; carpopodium inconspicuous; pappus setae biseriate, whitish to stramineous, paleaceous, outer series setae, 1.3 – 2.5 mm long, persistent, free at base, apex acute, dentate or erose; inner series setae, 4.1 – 4.8 mm long, caducous, barbellate, twisted, apex acute.	en	Loeuille, Benoît, Bringel Jr, João Bernardo De A., Faria Jr, Jair E. Q., Valls, José F. M. (2022): Three new species of Lychnophorinae from the Brazilian Central Plateau (Asteraceae: Vernonieae). Phytotaxa 531 (3): 249-266, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.3.5
E30487A8FF9E9054FF62F8AFFD83FAE5.taxon	distribution	Distribution, habitat and conservation status: — All the four specimens known are from a single population in Serra Geral de Goiás (northeastern Goiás) (Figs 3, 6). It grows on foothill slopes, in cerrado vegetation (savanna) in reddish sandy soil. According to the IUCN Red List criterion B (IUCN 2012, 2019), Lychnophora goiana can be considered Critically Endangered (CR), since it is known from a single location. In addition, the sandy soil, very susceptible to erosion, and the proximity to agricultural lands considerably increase the threat of extinction for this species.	en	Loeuille, Benoît, Bringel Jr, João Bernardo De A., Faria Jr, Jair E. Q., Valls, José F. M. (2022): Three new species of Lychnophorinae from the Brazilian Central Plateau (Asteraceae: Vernonieae). Phytotaxa 531 (3): 249-266, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.3.5
E30487A8FF9E9054FF62F8AFFD83FAE5.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The species epithet refers to the state of Goiás, where this new species is endemic. We maintain the same epithet originally chosen by Semir (1991), although this species is likely to also occur in the state of Bahia, as it was found near the border of these two states. Additional specimens examined (paratypes): — BRAZIL. Goiás: Guarani de Goiás, 17 km N de acesso a Posse, BR- 020, 14 ° S, 46 ° 14 ’ W, 880 m, 30 March 1983, J. F. M. Valls et al. 7014 (C, CEN!, CTES, UEC); cerca de 16.5 km ao norte do acesso a Posse desde a BR- 020, 14 ° 00 ’ 58 ’’ S, 46 ° 13 ’ 08 ’’ W, 890 m, 7 May 2019, J. F. M. Valls et al. 17035 (CEN); ibid., BR- 020, sentido Barreiras (BA), cerca de 15 km NE da entrada para Posse (GO), 14 ° 00 ’ 54 ’’ S, 46 ° 13 ’ 08 ’’ W, 27 December 2019, J. B. A. Bringel Jr. et al. 1666 (CEN).	en	Loeuille, Benoît, Bringel Jr, João Bernardo De A., Faria Jr, Jair E. Q., Valls, José F. M. (2022): Three new species of Lychnophorinae from the Brazilian Central Plateau (Asteraceae: Vernonieae). Phytotaxa 531 (3): 249-266, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.3.5
E30487A8FF9E9054FF62F8AFFD83FAE5.taxon	discussion	Discussion: — This new species belongs to the Lychnophora granmogolensis (Duarte 1974: 661) Hind (1994: 513) species complex, as defined by Semir et al. (2014), due to its densely imbricate leaves, with cordate to auriculate base, acuminate apex with a pungent mucro, cylindrical heads and outer pappus series setae free or partially fused. It is the fourth species of this complex, which also contains L. granmogolensis, L. nanuzae Semir in Semir et al. (2014: 989) and L. rupestris Semir in Semir et al. (2014: 988). Lychnophora goiana differs from the other three species by its outer pappus series as long as the cypsela, sometimes even longer, with the upper part of the setae frequently twisted. It is similar to L. rupestris by its leaf insertions with a sparse tuft of small trichomes, midrib winged and flattened on the abaxial surface, but differs by the never glaucous leaves with adaxially impressed midrib (vs. frequently glaucous and carinate midrib) and obscurely costate cypsela (vs. conspicuously). Lychnophora goiana shares with L. granmogolensis the leaves with adaxially impressed midvein, but the latter has leaf insertion with a dense tuft of long trichomes, adaxially glabrescent midvein (vs. glabrate), abaxially rounded midvein and conspicuously costate cypsela. Lychnophora nanuzae is easily distinguishable from the new species by the leaves with revolute margins touching each other abaxially, forming flattened cylinders (vs. margins not touching), rounded leaf base (vs. cordate to auriculate) and heads with three florets (vs. one) (Table 2). Each species of the complex has a distinct distribution: L. rupestris is endemic to Serra do Cipó (state of Minas Gerais), L. nanuzae to Diamantina Plateau and Itacambira (state of Minas Gerais), L. granmogolensis occurs from Diamantina Plateau to Chapada Diamantina in the state of Bahia. All these localities are in the Espinhaço mountain range, whereas L. goiana is restricted to Serra Geral de Goiás (state of Goiás), a mountain range that divides two major river basins, the São Francisco and Tocantins rivers (Fig. 6) (Semir 1991, Semir et al. 2014, Loeuille et al. 2019).	en	Loeuille, Benoît, Bringel Jr, João Bernardo De A., Faria Jr, Jair E. Q., Valls, José F. M. (2022): Three new species of Lychnophorinae from the Brazilian Central Plateau (Asteraceae: Vernonieae). Phytotaxa 531 (3): 249-266, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.3.5
E30487A8FF909053FF62FAAFFC16FEB1.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — BRAZIL. Distrito Federal: Brasília, Estação Ecológica Jardim Botânico de Brasília, área do Cristo Redentor, 15 ° 54 ’ 51 ’’ S, 47 ° 53 ’ 27 ’’ W, elev. 1124 m, 7 September 2019, J. E. Q. Faria 9630 (holotype: HEPH!, isotypes: RB!, UFP!).	en	Loeuille, Benoît, Bringel Jr, João Bernardo De A., Faria Jr, Jair E. Q., Valls, José F. M. (2022): Three new species of Lychnophorinae from the Brazilian Central Plateau (Asteraceae: Vernonieae). Phytotaxa 531 (3): 249-266, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.3.5
E30487A8FF909053FF62FAAFFC16FEB1.taxon	description	Description: — Shrub, 0.4 – 1.3 m tall, erect. Stems moderately branched, delicate, whitish ochraceous lanate with lenticular to linear leaf scars following leaf fall, becoming silverish to dark greyish villosulous, somewhat glaucous with age. Leaves alternate, simple, sessile; blade linear, very narrow elliptic, rarely lanceolate, 1.9 – 8.7 × 0.3 – 0.7 cm, venation brochidodromous, midrib prominent, furrowed abaxially, impressed adaxially, adaxial surface bullate, silverish green, glaucous, sparsely lanulose, abaxial surface densely whitish lanate, tomentum of unbranched, long, thin trichomes, 3 - to 5 - armed with long, thin-armed trichomes, coriaceous, margins entire, slightly revolute, unfrequently flat, apex obtuse with an inconspicuous mucro sometimes concealed by indumentum, base rounded or truncate. Capitula fused in a solitary, rarely two, terminal syncephalium (secondary order inflorescence). Syncephalium 1 – 2 cm tall, 1.3 – 2.5 cm diam., hemispherical, interspersed with few small leaf-like bracts; secondary bracts lanceolate, sometimes linear, leaf-like, 1.5 – 3.2 × 0.3 – 0.4 cm long. Capitula 15 – ca. 60, homogamous, discoid, sessile, fused 2 / 3 of length; involucre 5.2 – 6.0 mm tall, 1.5 – 2.8 mm diam., cylindrical, 4 – 5 - seriate; phyllaries weakly imbricate, light greenish, apex acute and darker, deciduous, outer phyllaries 3.2 – 4.2 × 0.6 – 1.4 mm, ovate to lanceolate, upper half densely whitish lanose, inner phyllaries 4.8 – 6.2 × 0.9 – 1.2 mm long, linear to narrow oblanceolate, apex densely whitish lanose; receptacle slightly convex, naked. Florets 3 per capitulum, bisexual, fertile; corolla actinomorphic, deeply 5 - lobed, lilac, corolla tube 3.2 – 3.5 × 1.5 – 1.7 mm, glabrous, corolla lobes 3.5 – 3.7 × 0.8 – 1 mm, glandular-punctate, pilose towards apices, apex acute; anther whitish or lilac, apical anther appendages lanceolate, acute, anther base sagittate, acute; style shaft 7.8 – 8.9 mm long, white or pale lilac, glabrous throughout except for pubescent upper ca. 2.9 – 3.1 mm beneath style arms, style arms ca. 1.5 mm long, apex acute, pubescent outside, hairs acute, style base glabrous, lacking basal node. Cypsela prismatic, 3.5 – 4.0 × 1.2 – 1.7 mm, 10 - ribbed, angled, light brown, upper half frequently darker, sparsely sericeous, glandular-punctate, sometimes connate in pair; carpopodium inconspicuous; pappus setae biseriate, whitish, paleaceous, outer series setae 0.9 – 2.1 mm, persistent, free or slightly fused at base, apex acute, erose, inner series setae 4.0 – 5.1 mm, caducous, barbellate, slightly twisted.	en	Loeuille, Benoît, Bringel Jr, João Bernardo De A., Faria Jr, Jair E. Q., Valls, José F. M. (2022): Three new species of Lychnophorinae from the Brazilian Central Plateau (Asteraceae: Vernonieae). Phytotaxa 531 (3): 249-266, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.3.5
E30487A8FF909053FF62FAAFFC16FEB1.taxon	distribution	Distribution, habitat, and conservation status: — Lychnophora planaltina is restricted to the campos rupestres in Environmental Protection Area (Área de Proteção Ambiental) Bacias Gama e Cabeça de Veado (APAGCV) (Fig. 3, 9). The APAGCV links continuous protected areas that differ in management regulations and governmental institution in charge but share the conservation purpose (UNESCO 2003). Nevertheless, these protected areas are surrounded by urban occupation, which can affect environmental quality (UNESCO 2003, Aguiar 2015). There are two locations of occurrence of L. planaltina, with the first collection dating to more than 40 years ago (1968), made in a farm that belongs to the local public university (FAL - Fazenda Água Limpa, Universidade de Brasília); ca. 22.09 km 2 of the 42.31 km 2 of the farm are determined as environmental protection area by the Brazilian law (Aguiar 2015) (Fig. 9). Although more than half of the area of the farm is destined to environmental conservation, we cannot verify that this population is still preserved due to the lack of a precise description of the collection location in the label of this first L. planaltina specimen. The most recent collections are from one single location in the Jardim Botânico de Brasília (Brasília Botanic Garden) ecological station (Estação Ecológica Jardim Botânico de Brasília - EEJBB), which shares a boundary with FAL. Less than five individuals were found in this second location. Although we could not precisely calculate the EOO and AOO for L. planaltina, we believe it has an extremely reduced population, covering a very restricted area, which is surrounded by the urban occupation of Brasília. Therefore, we considered it Critically Endangered.	en	Loeuille, Benoît, Bringel Jr, João Bernardo De A., Faria Jr, Jair E. Q., Valls, José F. M. (2022): Three new species of Lychnophorinae from the Brazilian Central Plateau (Asteraceae: Vernonieae). Phytotaxa 531 (3): 249-266, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.3.5
E30487A8FF909053FF62FAAFFC16FEB1.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The species epithet refers to the geographic distribution, as in Portuguese planaltina means that who inhabits the Brazilian Central Plateau. Additional specimens examined (paratypes): — BRAZIL. Distrito Federal: Brasília, Estação Ecológica Jardim Botânico de Brasília, área do Cristo Redentor, 15 ° 54 ’ 52 ’’ S, 47 ° 53 ’ 28 ’’ W, 10 August 2019, J. E. Q. Faria 9548 (HEPH, UB); Fazenda da Universidade Federal [Fazenda Água Limpa da Universidade de Brasília], 12 December 1968, N. L. Menezes 2 (SP); Morro do Urubu, 15 ° 54 ’ 51 ’’ S, 47 ° 53 ’ 27 ’’ W, 1125 m elev., 20 January 2020, J. E. Q. Faria & A. C. A. Soares 10169 (UB).	en	Loeuille, Benoît, Bringel Jr, João Bernardo De A., Faria Jr, Jair E. Q., Valls, José F. M. (2022): Three new species of Lychnophorinae from the Brazilian Central Plateau (Asteraceae: Vernonieae). Phytotaxa 531 (3): 249-266, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.3.5
E30487A8FF909053FF62FAAFFC16FEB1.taxon	discussion	Discussion: — Lychnophora planaltina is morphologically closely related to L. crispa Mattfeld (1923: 429) by its adaxially bullate leaves with an inconspicuous mucro, and cylindrical involucre with deciduous weakly imbricate phyllaries. However, it differs from the latter by its glaucous, linear, very narrow elliptic, or rarely lanceolate leaves (vs. greenish, ovate to lanceolate), solitary syncephalium (vs. subcorymb, rarely solitary) and sparsely sericeous cypsela (vs. glabrous). The two species do not occur in sympatry: L. crispa is found in the Espinhaço mountain range in the states of Bahia (Chapada Diamantina) and northern Minas Gerais, whereas L. planaltina is restricted to the Brasília area in the Distrito Federal. An interesting feature of L. planaltina is the cypselae connated in pairs in some individuals, a phenomenon that has been observed in L. pinaster Martius (1822: 152) and Lychnocephalus jolyanus Semir ex Gomes & Loeuille (2021: 483). The Lychnophora planaltina specimen cited above, Menezes 2 (SP 108141), was included in a study of the leaf anatomy of several Asteraceae from campos rupestres (Handro et al. 1970), but was then identified as L. reticulata Gardner (1846: 233) [= Eremanthus reticulatus (Gardner) Loeuille et al. (2019: 43)]. This is the same specimen that João Semir described in his unpublished Ph. D. thesis (Semir 1991), in which he placed L. planaltina in a species complex with L. crispa and L. reticulata, but a phylogenetic analysis of Lychnophorinae (Loeuille et al. 2015) showed that L. reticulata belongs to the genus Eremanthus and not in Lychnophora.	en	Loeuille, Benoît, Bringel Jr, João Bernardo De A., Faria Jr, Jair E. Q., Valls, José F. M. (2022): Three new species of Lychnophorinae from the Brazilian Central Plateau (Asteraceae: Vernonieae). Phytotaxa 531 (3): 249-266, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.3.5
