taxonID	type	description	language	source
03A1DB34D078EB53FCBDF8976F93CE23.taxon	description	(Figs 3; 4) MYCOBANK NUMBER. — MB 835726.	en	Zhou, Songyan, Song, Yu, Chen, Kaixing, Li, Jingwei, Buyck, Bart, Qiu, Lihong (2020): Three novel species of Russula Pers. subg. Compactae (Fr.) Bon from Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve in southern China. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (14): 219-234, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2020v41a14
03A1DB34D078EB53FCBDF8976F93CE23.taxon	materials_examined	HOLOTYPE. — China. Guangdong Province, Zhaoqing City, Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve, on the ground in broadleaf forest, 6. IV. 2015, J. B. Zhang K 15060604 (GDGM 79561).	en	Zhou, Songyan, Song, Yu, Chen, Kaixing, Li, Jingwei, Buyck, Bart, Qiu, Lihong (2020): Three novel species of Russula Pers. subg. Compactae (Fr.) Bon from Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve in southern China. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (14): 219-234, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2020v41a14
03A1DB34D078EB53FCBDF8976F93CE23.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. — Named after its broad lamellae.	en	Zhou, Songyan, Song, Yu, Chen, Kaixing, Li, Jingwei, Buyck, Bart, Qiu, Lihong (2020): Three novel species of Russula Pers. subg. Compactae (Fr.) Bon from Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve in southern China. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (14): 219-234, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2020v41a14
03A1DB34D078EB53FCBDF8976F93CE23.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. — Mainly characterized by its distinctly cracking and black-tan pileus, broad and sparse lamellae, stipe and context becoming scarlet when bruised, basidiospores with completely reticulate ornamentations, common presence of 1 - spored basidia, encrusted hyphae with brown pigments in pileipellis and absence of both pileocystidia and caulocystidia. HABITAT AND DISTRIBUTION. — Solitary or gregarious in broadleaf forest.	en	Zhou, Songyan, Song, Yu, Chen, Kaixing, Li, Jingwei, Buyck, Bart, Qiu, Lihong (2020): Three novel species of Russula Pers. subg. Compactae (Fr.) Bon from Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve in southern China. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (14): 219-234, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2020v41a14
03A1DB34D078EB53FCBDF8976F93CE23.taxon	description	ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — China. Guangdong Province, Zhaoqing City, Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve, on the ground in broadleaf forest, 13. IX. 2016, J. W. Li, Y. Song K 16091311 (GDGM 79562); 13. VII. 2015, J. W. Li, Y. Song K 17071307 (GDGM 79563). DESCRIPTION Basidiomata Medium to large sized, agaricoid. Pileus 6 - 12 cm in diameter, hemispherical when young, becoming applanate with a slightly depressed center when mature; surface dry, cracking, tan, grayish to blackish brown, not easy to peel; margin entire or undulate. Lamellae Adnate, sparse, up to 8 mm broad, irregularly unequal, sometimes forked near stipe or at pileus margin, sometimes interveined; surface smooth, white, off-white to cream, tinged with reddish brown; lamella edge concolorous. Stipe 4 - 8 cm long, central, cylindrical, sometimes tapering upwards or downwards, longitudinally rugulose, white to off-white, becoming grayish white when old, turning reddish-brown to scarlet when bruised, solid or stuffed. Context White, becoming reddish-brown when bruised, turning yellowish-brown in reaction with 5 % FeSO 4. Odour Slightly unpleasant. Taste Mild. Spore print White. Basidiospores Subglobose to ellipsoid, [100 / 5 / 3] (5.9 -) 6 - 6.8 - 7.4 (- 7.5) × (4.9 -) 5.1 - 5.8 - 6.5 (- 6.9) µm, Q = (1.04 -) 1.06 - 1.17 - 1.32 (- 1.37); ornamentations amyloid, composed of low ridges, forming a complete reticulum; suprahilar spot inamyloid. Basidia 41 - 60 × 6 - 12 µm, clavate to narrowly clavate, 1 -, 2 -, 3 - or 4 - spored, hyaline or containing oil droplets; sterigmata 4.8 - 8.3 × 1.4 - 2.2 µm. Lamellar trama Composed of nested sphaerocytes measuring 18.5 - 55.5 × 17 - 43 µm and surrounded by connective hyphae. Pleurocystidia (35.5 -) 38 - 62 - 83 (- 91) × (4.5 -) 6 - 7.5 - 10 µm, protruding up to 30 µm, narrowly clavate to narrowly cylindrical with obtuse or mucronate apices, thin-walled, with refractive contents, unchanging in SV. Cheilocystidia (34 -) 39 - 43 - 47 (- 51) × 4.5 - 5 - 6.5 µm, resembling pleurocystidia in shape but smaller in size, thin-walled, with refractive contents, unchanging in SV. Marginal cells Not differentiated. Pileipellis Composed of ascending to erect hyphae, orthochromatic in cresyl blue; hyphae 2 - 6 µm in width, cylindrical, septate, some with incrustation and brown dispersive pigments; terminal cells (8 -) 11 - 23 - 36 (- 38.5) × 2.5 - 4 - 6 (- 7.5) µm, usually cylindrical with obtuse apices and brown pigments, lageniform, clavate to cylindrical, some with short rostrate apicesor granular contents. Pileocystidia None found. Stipitipellis Composed of erect hyphae, 40 - 90 µm wide; hyphae 1.5 - 4 µm in width, narrowly cylindrical, septate; terminal cells (6.5 -) 13 - 22 - 31 (- 39) × 2 - 4 - 6 (- 7.5) µm, thin-walled, usually hyaline, cylindrical to clavate with obtuse apices. Caulocystidia None found. Clamp connections Absent. NOTES Russula latolamellata Y. Song & L. H. Qiu, sp. nov., morphologically resembles R. schaefferina Rawla & Sarwal, including pileus color and features of pileipellis, size and ornamentations of basidiospores and absence of both pileocystidia and caulocystidia, etc. However, it differs substantially from our species in its finely pruinose pileus with uncracking surface, thin and crowded lamellae, and further also by shape and size of pleurocystidia (85 - 98 × 10 - 14 µm), and cheilocystidia (35 - 50 × 9 - 13 µm), and the hollow stipe covered with ochraceous or brown depressed fibrillose scales (Rawla & Sarwal 1983). When bruised, context of R. latolamellata Y. Song & L. H. Qiu, sp. nov., directly becomes reddish brown without turning black first. Although all three specimens of R. latolamellata Y. Song & L. H. Qiu, sp. nov., were collected from the broadleaf forest of DHSBR, several ITS sequences that have a sequence similarity of about 99 % to that of R. latolamellata Y. Song & L. H. Qiu, sp. nov., retrieved from soil in the pine and broadleaf mixed forest of DHSBR are available in GenBank, implying that the species may be common in DHSBR. Russula nigrocarpa S. Y. Zhou, Y. Song & L. H. Qiu, sp. nov. (Figs 5; 6) MYCOBANK NUMBER. — MB 835727. HOLOTYPE. — China. Guangdong Province, Zhaoqing City, Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve, on the ground in broadleaf forest, 16. VII. 2019, S. Y. Zhou K 19071603 (GDGM 79720). ETYMOLOGY. — Named after its dark black pileus. DIAGNOSIS. — Mainly characterized by its dry, cracking, dark brown to dark black pileus, off-white lamellae, basidiospores with complete reticulate ornamentations, hymenial cystidia and pileocystidia of various forms with often forked apices, strongly glutinous pileipellis composed of hyphae usually with dark brown vacuolar pigments. HABITAT AND DISTRIBUTION. — Solitary or gregarious in evergreen broadleaf forest. ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — China. Guangdong Province, Zhaoqing City, Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve, on the ground in broadleaf forest, 5. V. 2018, J. W. Li, Y. Song K 18050529 (GDGM 79721). DESCRIPTION Basidiomata Medium to large sized, agaricoid. Pileus 6 - 10 cm in diameter, applanate to concave when mature; surface dry, dark brown to dark black; margin entire, turning slightly upward. Lamellae Adnate to slightly decurrent, sparse, 6 pieces of lamellae and lamellulae / cm at the margin of pileus, broad, unequal; surface off-white to cream or yellowish, becoming dark brown when bruised; gill edge concolorous, becoming dark brown to black when old (probably from drying out). Stipe 3 - 5 × 2.5 - 4 cm, central, cylindrical, sometimes tapering downwards, solid, off-white, becoming grayish white when mature, turning dark brown when bruised. Context White, becoming directly black when bruised without reddening first, 6 - 8 mm thick near stipe. Odour Unpleasant. Taste Not taken. Spore print White to cream. Basidiospores Subglobose to ellipsoid, [40 / 2 / 2] 4.3 - 4.8 - 5.4 (- 5.8) × (3.4 -) 3.7 - 4 - 4.4 (- 4.6) µm, Q = 1.10 - 1.19 - 1.28 (- 1.35); ornamentations amyloid, composed of low ridges forming a complete reticulum; suprahilar spot inamyloid. Basidia (22 -) 26.5 - 31 - 35 (- 46.5) × 5 - 6.5 - 8 µm, clavate to cylindrical, 1 -, 2 -, 3 - or 4 - spored, with refractive contents; sterigmata 1.8 - 6 µm long. Lamellar trama Composed of nested sphaerocytes surrounded by connective hyphae. Pleurocystidia (31 -) 35 - 41 - 52 (- 58) × 3.5 - 5 - 6.5 µm, of various forms, narrowly cylindrical to slightly flexuose with obtuse, mucronate, moniliform, inflorescence-like or forked apices, thin-walled, with refractive contents, unchanging in SV. Cheilocystidia 25 - 29 - 35 × 3 - 4 - 5 µm, narrowly cylindrical to slightly flexuous with obtuse or rostrate apices, with refractive contents, thin-walled, unchanging in SV. Marginal cells Not differentiated. Pileipellis Composed of ascending to erect hyphae, strongly gelatinized, 150 - 220 µm thick, orthochromatic in cresyl blue; hyphae 2 - 6 µm wide, narrowly cylindrical, septate, often with dark brown pigments; terminal cells 12.5 - 17 - 22 (- 25) × 2.5 - 4 - 6 (- 7) µm, cylindrical to narrowly clavate with obtuse or slightly acute apices, some with dark brown pigments. Pileocystidia 16.5 - 25 - 33.5 × 2.5 - 4 - 5.5 µm, subclavate to cylindrical, apices mucronate to inflorescence-like, with refractive contents, thin-walled, unchanging in SV. Stipitipellis Composed of ascending to erect hyphae, 60 - 100 µm thick, gelatinous; hyphae 1.5 - 4 µm wide, narrowly cylindrical, septate; terminal cells (8 -) 10 - 19 - 31 (- 34) × 2.5 - 5 - 9 (- 10) µm, cylindrical to narrowly clavate with obtuse apices, sometimes containing brown pigments. Caulocystidia (16.5 -) 21 - 34 - 52 (- 56) × 3.5 - 4.5 - 6 µm, thin-walled, cylindrical with obtuse or short rostrate apices. Clamp connections Absent. NOTES R. nigrocarpa S. Y. Zhou, Y. Song & L. H. Qiu, sp. nov., is closely related to R. acrifolia in our multilocus phylogeny (Figs 1; 2). The latter species differs from R. nigrocarpa S. Y. Zhou, Y. Song & L. H. Qiu, sp. nov., in its viscid, grayish brown pileus, context that turns red then gray to black when bruised, much crowded lamellae and grayish brown stipe but, above all, in the much larger size (6.0 - 9.5 × 5.5 - 7.5 µm) of its basidiospores (Çolak & Işiloğlu 2016). The exceptionally small size of the spores of R. nigrocarpa S. Y. Zhou, Y. Song & L. H. Qiu, sp. nov., comparable to those of species in subg. Archaeae, was hitherto undocumented within subg. Compactae, making it impossible to confuse our species with any of the other Asian or northern hemisphere species in the same subgenus.	en	Zhou, Songyan, Song, Yu, Chen, Kaixing, Li, Jingwei, Buyck, Bart, Qiu, Lihong (2020): Three novel species of Russula Pers. subg. Compactae (Fr.) Bon from Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve in southern China. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (14): 219-234, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2020v41a14
03A1DB34D072EB4CFF3BF8B76B7FCBFF.taxon	description	(Figs 7; 8) MYCOBANK NUMBER. — MB 835743.	en	Zhou, Songyan, Song, Yu, Chen, Kaixing, Li, Jingwei, Buyck, Bart, Qiu, Lihong (2020): Three novel species of Russula Pers. subg. Compactae (Fr.) Bon from Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve in southern China. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (14): 219-234, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2020v41a14
03A1DB34D072EB4CFF3BF8B76B7FCBFF.taxon	materials_examined	HOLOTYPE. — China. Guangdong Province, Zhaoqing City, Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve, on the ground in broadleaf forest, 15. VII. 2019, S. Y. Zhou K 19071502 (GDGM 79718).	en	Zhou, Songyan, Song, Yu, Chen, Kaixing, Li, Jingwei, Buyck, Bart, Qiu, Lihong (2020): Three novel species of Russula Pers. subg. Compactae (Fr.) Bon from Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve in southern China. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (14): 219-234, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2020v41a14
03A1DB34D072EB4CFF3BF8B76B7FCBFF.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. — Named after its light brown lamellae with ochre margin when mature.	en	Zhou, Songyan, Song, Yu, Chen, Kaixing, Li, Jingwei, Buyck, Bart, Qiu, Lihong (2020): Three novel species of Russula Pers. subg. Compactae (Fr.) Bon from Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve in southern China. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (14): 219-234, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2020v41a14
03A1DB34D072EB4CFF3BF8B76B7FCBFF.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. — Characterized by its grayish-brown pileus with striate to slightly cracking margin, sparse and light brown lamellae with ochre margin when mature, small basidiospores, presence of 1 - spored basidia, flexuous to cylindrical hymenial cystidia often with papillate or branched apices and hyphae usually with brown pigments in pileipellis. HABITAT AND DISTRIBUTION. — Solitary or gregarious in evergreen broadleaf forest.	en	Zhou, Songyan, Song, Yu, Chen, Kaixing, Li, Jingwei, Buyck, Bart, Qiu, Lihong (2020): Three novel species of Russula Pers. subg. Compactae (Fr.) Bon from Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve in southern China. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (14): 219-234, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2020v41a14
03A1DB34D072EB4CFF3BF8B76B7FCBFF.taxon	description	ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — China. Guangdong Province, Zhaoqing City, Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve, on the ground in broadleaf forest, 2. VI. 2018, S. Y. Zhou K 18060208 (GDGM 79719). DESCRIPTION Basidiomata Medium to large sized, agaricoid. Pileus 7 - 9 cm in diameter, applanate with a depressed center to concave when mature; surface dry, not viscid, grayish-brown to tan, cracking into reticulum; margin slightly undulate or upward, striate. Lamellae Adnate to decurrent, distant (3 - 4 pieces of lamellae and lamellulae / cm at the margin of pileus), thick, firm, irregularly unequal; light brown to ochre; gill edge concolorous, but becoming tan to dark brown from drying out when old. Stipe 4 - 6 × 2.4 - 3 cm, central to eccentric, cylindrical, mostly tapering downwards or slightly curving, solid, off-white. Context White, unchanging, 3 - 5 mm thick near stipe. Odour Unpleasant. Taste Not taken. Spore print White. Basidiospores Subglobose to ellipsoid, [40 / 2 / 2] (3.9 -) 4.1 - 4.4 - 4.7 (- 5.1) × (3.4 -) 3.5 - 3.7 - 4.0 (- 4.3) µm, Q = (1.09 -) 1.10 - 1.18 - 1.29 (- 1.30); ornamentations amyloid, composed of dense warts, some fused into ridges, forming a partial reticulum; suprahilar spot inamyloid. Basidia (24 -) 26.5 - 32 - 39 (- 42.5) × 4.5 - 6 - 7.5 µm, clavate to cylindrical, 1 -, 2 -, 3 - or 4 - spored, hyaline or containing granular contents. Lamellar trama Composed of nested sphaerocytes surrounded by connective hyphae. Pleurocystidia (60.5 -) 71 - 98 - 136 (- 146.5) × 3.5 - 4.5 - 6 µm, narrowly cylindrical or flexuous with obtuse, mucronate, moniliform or sometimes forked apices, thin-walled, filled with refractive contents, unchanging in SV. Cheilocystidia Resembling pleurocystidia. Marginal cells Not differentiated. Pileipellis A cutis, 70 - 110 µm thick, strongly gelatinized, orthochromatic in cresyl blue; hyphae 2 - 6 µm wide, narrowly cylindrical, septate, often with brown pigments; terminal cells (22 -) 26 - 35.5 - 58 (- 63) × 3 - 5 - 6 (- 7) µm, cylindrical to narrowly clavate with obtuse or slightly acute apices, sometimes with brown pigments. Pileocystidia (53.5 -) 55 - 62.5 - 76 (- 90.5) × 3 - 4.5 - 7.5 µm, cylindrical to fusiform with obtuse, mucronate or forked apices, some filled with refractive contents, negative in SV. Stipitipellis A cutis; hyphae 1.5 - 4 µm wide, narrowly cylindrical, septate, many with brown pigments; terminal cells cylindrical or lageniform with obtuse apices. Caulocystidia Cylindrical to narrowly clavate with obtuse or slightly acute apices, up to 7 µm wide, thin-walled, filled with refractive contents. Clamp connections Absent. NOTES Both our phylogenetic analyses place our species firmly in sect. Polyphyllae Buyck & V. Hofst., being closely related to the North American R. eccentrica and already separated by a much longer branch from the Indian R. khanchanjungae Van de Putte, K. Das & Buyck (Fig. 2). BLAST results of its ITS sequence in GenBank show top scores that are all <94 % similar to our species, in this case for specimens collected in Japan and Korea (Park et al. 2014). Russula ochrobrunnea S. Y. Zhou, Y. Song & L. H. Qiu, sp. nov., resembles R. eccentrica in overall morphology, but the latter has pink lamellae and much larger basidiospores (6 - 7.8 × 5 - 6 µm) and basidia (52 - 69 × 6.5 - 9.5 µm) (Adamčík et al. 2018). Russula cartaginis Buyck & Halling, described from Costa Rica (Buyck & Halling 2004) differs from R. eccentrica and our species in the presence of a brownish gill edge resulting from the presence of colored, branching marginal cells. Typical for most Polyphyllae is the often distinctly inflated lower portion of hymenial cystidia. The Indian species R. khanchanjungae differs particularly by its crowded and forked lamellae becoming brown when bruised, and by the viscid and brown stipe with surface finely cracking exactly as the pileus surface; it also has much larger basidiospores (7.3 - 9.4 × 6.3 - 7.8 µm) and basidia (49 - 61 × 8 - 12 µm), as well as wider pleurocystidia (8 - 10 µm in width) (Das et al. 2010). Also R. purpureonigra differs principally in its larger spores and crowded lamellae (Manimohan & Latha 2011).	en	Zhou, Songyan, Song, Yu, Chen, Kaixing, Li, Jingwei, Buyck, Bart, Qiu, Lihong (2020): Three novel species of Russula Pers. subg. Compactae (Fr.) Bon from Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve in southern China. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (14): 219-234, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2020v41a14
