taxonID	type	description	language	source
1105879888644C7CDF03B3B1FB1BF853.taxon	description	FACESOFFUNGI NUMBER. — FoF 04852 GENERA INCLUDED. — Dactylospor a, possibly also Sclerococcum DESCRIPTION Dactylosporaceae taxa are saprotrophic on bark and wood, liverworts or lichenicolous. This family includes two genera: Dactylospora and Sclerococcum. Dactylospora is a sexual genus and characterized by superficial to stalked blackish apothecia, excipulum composed of textura angularis to globulosa cells, hymenium consists of a thick gelatinous matrix, sparingly branched paraphyses apices slightly swollen and pigmented, cylindrical to clavate amyloid asci with I – tholus covered by an I + blue external gelatinous cap, subglobose to ellipsoid and one to several transverse septate ascospores, mostly 8 per ascus (Hafellner 1979, Bellemère & Hafellner 1982; Döbbeler & Buck 2017). Sclerococcum is an asexual genus and characterized by sporodochial conidiomata (Diederich et al. 2013, Miadlikowska et al. 2014). In this paper, we introduce two new species of Dactylospora.	en	Ekanayaka, Anusha H., G, E. B., Jones, areth, Hyde, Kevin D., Zhao, Qi (2019): A stable phylogeny for Dactylosporaceae. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (3): 23-44, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2019v40a3
1105879888674C73DC8AB316FECAF853.taxon	description	(Fig. 4) Black apothecia with maroon to brown margins, ectal excipulum of textura angularis, paraphyses with slightly swollen apices, unitunicate, cylindrical, short pedicellate, inoperculate asci with an amyloid gelatinous cap and smooth one-septate ascospores. INDEX FUNGORUM NUMBER. — IF 555304. FACESOFFUNGI NUMBER. — FoF 04853.	en	Ekanayaka, Anusha H., G, E. B., Jones, areth, Hyde, Kevin D., Zhao, Qi (2019): A stable phylogeny for Dactylosporaceae. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (3): 23-44, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2019v40a3
1105879888674C73DC8AB316FECAF853.taxon	materials_examined	HOLOTYPE. — MFLU 16 - 0570. TYPE LOCALITY. — Thailand	en	Ekanayaka, Anusha H., G, E. B., Jones, areth, Hyde, Kevin D., Zhao, Qi (2019): A stable phylogeny for Dactylosporaceae. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (3): 23-44, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2019v40a3
1105879888674C73DC8AB316FECAF853.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. — With reference to the province where the holotype was collected.	en	Ekanayaka, Anusha H., G, E. B., Jones, areth, Hyde, Kevin D., Zhao, Qi (2019): A stable phylogeny for Dactylosporaceae. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (3): 23-44, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2019v40a3
1105879888674C73DC8AB316FECAF853.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Thailand. Tham Pla Temple M. 14 (Bann Tham Pla Temple), Pongpha, Mae Sai District, Chiang Rai Province, 25 th November 2014, A. H. Ekanayaka (HD 003) (holo-, MFLU [MFLU 16 - 0570]; iso-, HKAS). Sequence data: ITS-MH 718440, LSU-MH 718433	en	Ekanayaka, Anusha H., G, E. B., Jones, areth, Hyde, Kevin D., Zhao, Qi (2019): A stable phylogeny for Dactylosporaceae. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (3): 23-44, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2019v40a3
1105879888674C73DC8AB316FECAF853.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Saprobic on unidentified wood, stems and twigs. Sexual morph Apothecia. 450 - 500 × 1000 - 1500 Μm (ẍ = 469.7 × 1242.5 Μm, n = 10) superficial, sessile, arising singly or in small groups. Hamathecium. Cupulate, outer surface black. Margins. Raised, maroon to brown, rough surface. Disc. Flat to slightly concave, black, rough granulated surface. Ectal excipulum. 55 - 65 Μm wide at margins, comprising cells of textura angularis, outer cell layer is dark brown to light brown, inner cells are hyaline to brownish. Medullary excipulum. 15 - 25 Μm wide at margins, composed of brown intertwined hyphae, embedded in a gelatinous matrix. Pseudo epithecium. Composed of hyaline to brown amorphous matter surrounding the paraphysis tips. Paraphyses. 1.8 - 2.3 Μm (ẍ = 2.1 Μm, n = 10) wide at the middle, 3.5 - 5 Μm (ẍ = 4.3 Μm, n = 10) wide at the tips, numerous, filamentous, septate, branched, slightly swollen and branched at the apices extending beyond the asci and apices are glued together to form the epithecium. Asci. 65 - 75 × 12 - 15 Μm (ẍ = 69.7 × 13.6 Μm, n = 30), 8 - spored, unitunicate, cylindrical, short pedicellate, inoperculate with an amyloid gelatinous cap. Ascospore. 12 - 15 × 4 - 4.5 Μm (ẍ = 14.2 × 4.3 Μm, n = 40), ellipsoid to fusoid, hyaline at immature stage and brown at maturity, one-septate, smooth walled, guttulate. Asexual morph Undetermined.	en	Ekanayaka, Anusha H., G, E. B., Jones, areth, Hyde, Kevin D., Zhao, Qi (2019): A stable phylogeny for Dactylosporaceae. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (3): 23-44, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2019v40a3
1105879888674C73DC8AB316FECAF853.taxon	discussion	REMARKS Dactylospora chiangraiensis sp. nov. is characterized by black apothecia with maroon to brown margins, paraphyses with slightly swollen apices and smooth oneseptate ascospores. Our species is phylogenetically close to D. stygi a (Berk. & M. A. Curtis) Hafellner. However, D. chiangraiensis sp. nov. differs from D. stygia by having maroon to brown raised margins with rough granulated surface in disc, margins and outer surface of apothecia (Berkeley 1875; Baral & Marson 2005). Dactylospora parellaria (Nyl.) Arnold, 1877, D. borealis Holien & Ihlen, 2004, D. rhyparizae Arnold, 1874, D. parasitica (Flörke) Arnold, 1887, D. attendenda (Nyl.) Arnold, 1895, D. deminuta (Th. Fr.) Triebel, 1989, D. urceolata (Th. Fr.) Arnold, 1874, D. frigida Hafellner, 1985, D. suburceolata Coppins & Fryday, 2012, D. imperfecta (Ellis) Hafellner, 1979 and D. pertusariicola (Willey ex Tuck.) Hafellner, 1979 differ from D. chiangraiensis sp. nov. by having ascospores with more than 1 septa (Ihlen et al. 2004). Dactylospora rimulicola (Müll. Arg.) Hafellner, 1979, D. ahtii Zhurb. & Pino-Bodas, 2017, D. saxatilis (Schaer.) Hafellner, 1979, D. homoclinella (Nyl.) Hafellner, 1979, D. australis Triebel & Hertel, 1989 and D. amygdalariae Triebel, 1989 differ from D. chiangraiensis sp. nov. by having stipitate apothecia (Ihlen et al. 2004). Dactylospora purpurascens Triebel, 1989 and D. athallina (Müll. Arg.) Hafellner, 1979 differ by having an epihymenium with K + purple reaction (Ihlen et al. 2004). Dactylospora lobariella (Nyl.) Hafellner, 1979 and D. protothallina (Anzi) Hafellner, 1979 differ by having a lichenized lifestyle (Ihlen et al. 2004). Dactylospora inopina Döbbeler & W. R. Buck, 2017 differs by having polyporous asci (Döbbeler & Buck 2017). Dactylospora aeruginosa Holien & Ihlen, 2004 differs by having an epihymenium with patches of violet-blue pigment (Ihlen et al. 2004). Dactylospora microspore Etayo, 1991 differs from D. chiangraiensis sp. nov. by having smaller ascospores (4 - 7 × 2 - 3 Μm) (Ihlen et al. 2004; Joshi et al. 2010). Dactylospora vrijmoediae K. L. Pang, Sheng Y. Guo, Alias, Hafellner & E. B. G. Jones, 2014 and D. canariensis Kohlm. & Volkm. - Kohlm., 1998 differs from D. chiangraiensis sp. nov. by having ascospore appendages (Jones et al. 1999; Pang et al. 2014). Dactylospora mangrovei E. B. G. Jones, Alias, Abdel-Wahab & S. Y. Hsieh, 1999 and D. haliotrepha (Kohlm. & E. Kohlm.) Hafellner, 1979 differ from D. chiangraiensis sp. nov. by having ascospore wall ornamentation (Au et al. 1996; Jones et al. 1999).	en	Ekanayaka, Anusha H., G, E. B., Jones, areth, Hyde, Kevin D., Zhao, Qi (2019): A stable phylogeny for Dactylosporaceae. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (3): 23-44, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2019v40a3
11058798886B4C75DFCBB276FC33FDCF.taxon	description	(Fig. 5) Black pulvinate apothecia, ectal excipulum of textura angularis to globulosa, paraphyses with slightly swollen apices, unitunicate, short sessile, cylindric-clavate asci and smooth one-septate ascospores.	en	Ekanayaka, Anusha H., G, E. B., Jones, areth, Hyde, Kevin D., Zhao, Qi (2019): A stable phylogeny for Dactylosporaceae. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (3): 23-44, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2019v40a3
11058798886B4C75DFCBB276FC33FDCF.taxon	materials_examined	HOLOTYPE. — MFLU 16 - 0593.	en	Ekanayaka, Anusha H., G, E. B., Jones, areth, Hyde, Kevin D., Zhao, Qi (2019): A stable phylogeny for Dactylosporaceae. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (3): 23-44, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2019v40a3
11058798886B4C75DFCBB276FC33FDCF.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. — With reference to the ascospore shape.	en	Ekanayaka, Anusha H., G, E. B., Jones, areth, Hyde, Kevin D., Zhao, Qi (2019): A stable phylogeny for Dactylosporaceae. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (3): 23-44, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2019v40a3
11058798886B4C75DFCBB276FC33FDCF.taxon	description	INDEX FUNGORUM NUMBER. — IF 555305. FACESOFFUNGI NUMBER: FOF 04854.	en	Ekanayaka, Anusha H., G, E. B., Jones, areth, Hyde, Kevin D., Zhao, Qi (2019): A stable phylogeny for Dactylosporaceae. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (3): 23-44, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2019v40a3
11058798886B4C75DFCBB276FC33FDCF.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY. — Thailand. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Thailand. Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai Province, on dead stems, 20 XII 2015, A. H. Ekanayaka, (HD 0047) (holo-, MFLU [MFLU 16 - 0593]; iso-, HKAS). Sequence data: ITS-MH 718441, LSU-MH 718434, Thailand, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai Province, on dead stems, 11 VII 2016, A. H. Ekanayaka, (HD 0061), MFLU 18 - 0678. Sequence data: ITS-MH 718442.	en	Ekanayaka, Anusha H., G, E. B., Jones, areth, Hyde, Kevin D., Zhao, Qi (2019): A stable phylogeny for Dactylosporaceae. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (3): 23-44, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2019v40a3
11058798886B4C75DFCBB276FC33FDCF.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Saprobic on dead stems. Sexual morph Apothecia. 400 - 1200 × 200 - 255 Μm (ẍ = 968 × 223 Μm, n = 10) superficial, arising singly or in small groups, sessile. Hamathecium. Pulvinate, outer surface black. Margins. Not clearly differentiate from the disc, concolorous to receptacle. Disc. Flat to slightly convex, black, smooth or finely granulated surface. Ectal excipulum. 25 - 40 Μm (ẍ = 35.3 Μm, n = 10) wide at lower flanks, composed of large, thin-walled, dark brown cells of textura angularis to globulosa, outer cell layer is brown, inner cells are hyaline to brownish. Medullary excipulum. 10 - 15 Μm (ẍ = 13 Μm, n = 10) wide at lower flanks, composed of hyaline intertwined hyphae, embedded in a gelatinous matrix. Hymenium. Hyaline to brownish, enclosed in a thick gelatinous matrix. Pseudo epithecium. Composed of hyaline to brown amorphous matter surrounding the paraphysis tips. Paraphyses. 1.4 - 2 Μm wide (ẍ = 2.7 Μm, n = 20) at the middle, 2.5 - 3.5 Μm wide (ẍ = 3.2 Μm, n = 20) at the tips, numerous, filiform, septate, swollen and slightly branched at the apex and pigmented, extending beyond the asci and apices glued together to develop pseudo epithecium. Asci. 70 - 80 × 12 - 18 Μm (ẍ = 73.03 × 14.5 Μm, n = 30) 8 - spored, unitunicate, short sessile, cylindric-clavate, rounded at the apex, inoperculate with an amyloid gelatinous cap. Ascospore. 17 - 21 × 4 - 7 Μm (ẍ = 19.1 × 5.7 Μm, n = 40), multiseriate, long ellipsoid to fusoid, immature spores are nonseptate, hyaline and mature spores are one-septate, greenish brown, guttulate, smooth, thin walled.	en	Ekanayaka, Anusha H., G, E. B., Jones, areth, Hyde, Kevin D., Zhao, Qi (2019): A stable phylogeny for Dactylosporaceae. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (3): 23-44, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2019v40a3
11058798886B4C75DFCBB276FC33FDCF.taxon	discussion	REMARKS Dactylospora fusiformis is characterized by black pulvinate apothecia, paraphyses with slightly swollen apices and smooth one-septate ascospores. Dactylospora fusiformis is phylogenetically close to D. chiangraiensis sp. nov. and D. stygia. However, D. chiangraiensis sp. nov. and D. stygia differ from D. fusiformis by having apothecia with raised margins and shorter ascospores (Berkeley 1875, Baral & Marson 2005). Dactylospora fusiformis differs from D. rimulicola, D. ahtii, D. saxatilis, D. homoclinella, D. rhyparizae, D. australis D. amygdalariae by having sessile apothecia (Ihlen et al. 2004). Dactylospora fusiformis differs from D. protothallina by having a saprobic lifestyle (Ihlen et al. 2004). Dactylospora fusiformis differs from D. aeruginosa in lacking epihymenial pigments (Ihlen et al. 2004). Dactylospora parellaria, D. borealis, D. rhyparizae, D. parasitica, D. attendenda, D. deminuta, D. urceolate, D. frigida, D. suburceolata, D. imperfecta and D. pertusariicola differ from D. fusiformis by having ascospores with more than 1 septum (Ihlen et al. 2004). Dactylospora fusiformis differs from D. inopina by having 8 - spored asci (Döbbeler & Buck 2017). Dactylospora purpurascens and D. athallina differ by having an epihymenium with K + purple reaction (Ihlen et al. 2004). Dactylospora vrijmoediae, D. mangrovei, D. lobariella and D. canariensis differ from D. fusiformis by having ornamented ascospore walls (Jones et al. 1999, Pang et al. 2014). Dactylospora microspora differs from D. fusiformis by having smaller ascospores (4 - 7 × 2 - 3 Μm) (Ihlen et al. 2004, Joshi et al. 2010).	en	Ekanayaka, Anusha H., G, E. B., Jones, areth, Hyde, Kevin D., Zhao, Qi (2019): A stable phylogeny for Dactylosporaceae. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (3): 23-44, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2019v40a3
