identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
8A1D87FBFFB8FFE4FF4BFD4641F0FC93.text	8A1D87FBFFB8FFE4FF4BFD4641F0FC93.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amapeza Marshall 2022	<div><p>Amapeza new genus</p> <p>Type species: Systellapha amazonica Enderlein, 1922.</p> <p>Generic description: Body length 7–11 mm. Colour: Frontal vitta uniformly dull orange. Orbital plate orange pruinose, barely differentiated from frontal vitta; epicephalon shiny orange, ocellar plate small and black. Palpus black with a contrasting white ventral margin. Thorax usually mostly orange (but see A. camelina). Fore tarsomeres white but tarsomere 5 and sometimes tarsomere 4 slightly darkened. Hind femur pale brown, in most species with a distinct preapical pale band (band absent in A. camelina). Wing mostly clear or with a broad but weak discal band. Abdominal pleuron usually with a characteristic area of dark pigmentation; male with a distinct dark pleural sac on P2 or P1–2.</p> <p>Head:Arista pubescent, longest hairs no more than 1/4 of scape width.Pedicel with one or more long ventroapical bristles, usually subequal to first flagellomere. Frontal vitta parallel sided behind ocelli, slightly broadened before ocelli, variably tapered anteriorly. Clypeus shining, usually entirely bare (microsetulose in A. tricincta n.sp.). Palpus broad but strongly tapered apically. Three similarly well-developed fronto-orbital bristles; inner vertical, outer vertical and postocellar bristles present and strong.</p> <p>Thorax: One or two dorsocentral bristles. Suprahumeral bristles small and exclinate, usually 3–5 with anterior largest, sometimes absent. Wing with long inclinate dorsal costagial bristle and somewhat shorter ventral costagials.</p> <p>Female abdomen: Major (paired) spermathecal duct long and distally swollen with a truncate apex from which the stout, twisted or sinuate spermathecal stems arise; paired spermathecae large, distally expanded with apex normally invaginated. Minor (single) duct greatly reduced or vestigial, single spermatheca small.</p> <p>Male abdomen: Epandrium and distiphallus long, basal distiphallus longer than epandrium; phallic bulb usually indistinct, distal distiphallus long and (in species other than A. affinis) with a conspicuous, sometimes spinulose, apical swelling ("glans").</p> <p>Etymology: A number of widely separated clades traditionally treated as part of Grallipeza have been informally organized for several years using manuscript names with the suffix " peza ". Two of those clades are formally named using this suffix here, with the prefix " Ama " applied to this group of orange species with the type species Amapeza amazonica.</p> <p>Comments: The female and male genitalia of Amapeza species, especially the long distal distiphallus and greatly reduced third spermatheca, are distinct from other taxa previously treated as Grallipeza. CO1 sequences (barcodes) for A. plicata, A. amazonica and A. camelina suggest that the species of Amapeza form a monophyletic group that is widely separated from other species previously treated as Grallipeza, and an unpublished analysis using multiple genes (12S, three segments of the gene 28S referred to as 28S– 2, 28S –3 and 28S–5 and CO1–3′) recovers the three included species of Amapeza as the sister group to Systellapha plus a large undescribed genus (Lindsay and Marshall, in manuscript). The same analyses recover Grallipeza ss as the sister group to Calosphen Hennig.</p> <p>Key to the species of Amapeza</p> <p>1. Two dorsocentral bristles (Fig. 5E). Mid and hind femora yellow-brown, sometimes with an indistinct pale distal band (Fig. 5E)................................................................................................ 2</p> <p>- One dorsocentral bristle. Mid and hind femora brown with a pale base and a distinct white band in distal half (Fig. 1C)....4</p> <p>2. Postpronotum with an elevated setulose posterior ridge or hump (prominent and obvious in females (Fig 5E); less so in males, Fig. 5A)...................................................................... Amapeza plicata new species</p> <p>- Postpronotum evenly rounded posteriorly.................................................................. 3</p> <p>3. Most of thorax and abdomen dark brown, with only margins of notum and sides of oviscape orange (Fig. 3A). Oviscape with a prominent and conspicuous dorsal hump near base (Fig. 3B).......................... Amapeza camelina new species</p> <p>- Most of thorax and abdomen orange (Fig. 4E). Oviscape without a dorsal hump near base..... Amapeza hyaloptera (Hendel)</p> <p>4. Frontal vitta strongly tapered anteriorly, width at anterior margin much less than distance between anteroventral corner of frontal vitta and eye. Proepisternum with 1-3 very long bristles at posterior corner, at least one twice as long as anterior ventral proepisternal bristles. Female abdominal pleuron densely setulose, male abdominal pleuron setulose to almost bare. Distiphallus recurved and terminating in a conspicuous swelling (Fig. 2G)........................................ 5</p> <p>- Frontal vitta weakly tapered anteriorly, width at anterior margin approximately equal to distance between anteroventral corner of frontal vitta and eye (Fig. 1B). Proepisternal bristles forming a continuous ventral row of subequal bristles. Abdominal pleuron of both sexes bare. Distiphallus extremely long, threadlike, not swollen distally (Fig. 1H). Amapeza affinis (Hennig)</p> <p>5. Clypeus dull, entirely microsetulose. Hind tibia with three distinct dark rings (Fig. 6A). Posterior vertical row of katepisternal bristles brown. Male genital fork without processes at inner bases of arms (Fig. 6D).................. Amapeza tricincta</p> <p>- Clypeus shining, entirely bare. Hind tibia with only basal and distal rings, middle area with diffuse pigmentation.All katepisternal bristles golden. Male genital fork with prominent processes at inner bases of arms (Fig. 2D)..................................................................................................... Amapeza amazonica (Enderlein)</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8A1D87FBFFB8FFE4FF4BFD4641F0FC93	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marshall, Stephen A.	Marshall, Stephen A. (2022): Amapeza and Nigripeza, new genera of Neotropical micropezid flies (Diptera, Micropezidae, Taeniapterinae). Zootaxa 5092 (3): 251-272, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5092.3.1
8A1D87FBFFBBFFE2FF4BFC7A416CFCBB.text	8A1D87FBFFBBFFE2FF4BFC7A416CFCBB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amapeza affinis (Hennig) Marshall 2022	<div><p>Amapeza affinis (Hennig) new combination</p> <p>Figures 1A–1H</p> <p>Grallipeza affinis Hennig, 1934:308, pI. 1, fig. 27.</p> <p>Description: Size 8–9 mm. Colour: Notum, head and oviscape mostly orange, clypeus dark brown with a blue sheen. Much of pleuron brown, lower proepisternum black, lower mesopleuron with a blue sheen. All femora similarly pigmented, brown with a broad white distal band margined by slightly darker areas. Fore tarsus white except for slightly darker distal 2 tarsomeres. Basal half of first tarsomere of hind leg white. Wing with an indistinct but complete discal band, barely distinguishable from surrounding membrane. Abdominal tergites uniformly dark brown, pleuron dirty white except black area of pleural sac on P1–2 (male) or most of P1–2 (female). Oviscape orange laterally and dark dorsally and preapically.</p> <p>Head: Frontal vitta almost entirely parallel sided, slightly widened in front of ocelli and slightly tapered anteriorly, anterior width 0.3X frontal width. Orbital strip barely differentiated from frontal vitta; epicephalon shiny. Clypeus entirely but sparsely microsetulose.</p> <p>Thorax: Cervical sclerite evenly convex, simple. Prosternum setulose. Proepisternum with marginal row of about 12 black setae. Postpronotal lobe evenly elevated, with scattered black setulae on posterior half. Thoracic pleuron microsetulose and dull except for shining anterior 3/4 of anepisternum. One dorsocentral bristle. Suprahumeral bristles (1–4) small and exclinate, anterior bristle largest. Main vertical row of katepisternal bristles black, bristles on lower katepisternum yellow.</p> <p>Female abdomen: Major (paired) spermathecal duct extremely long, distally slightly expanded at origin of two basally pale stems each leading to a pipe-shaped spermatheca with a deep distal invagination. Minor (single) duct greatly reduced, single spermatheca vestigial.</p> <p>Male abdomen: Genital fork elongate, distal part parallel-sided and deeply cleft, cleft as long as arms; arm with dense row of short stout bristles on mesal surface but without long inner hairs or bristles. Ejaculatory apodeme very small, much smaller than epandrium; distiphallus extraordinarily long and made up mostly of a tapered thread-like distal distiphallus, about four times as epandrium.</p> <p>Type material: Holotype (♀ SMTD) [missing right mid leg, right hind tarsus]. BOLIVIA. Mapiri, San Carlos. Paratype series of 16 ♀ (mixed condition) from same (Mapiri) locality, 800 or 1000m.</p> <p>Other material examined: BOLIVIA. La Paz, San Antonio, ca 8 km S Mapiri, 11.Apr.2001, S.A. Marshall (1♀, DEBU). BRAZIL. Amazonas. Reserva Ducke, 26.iv.1978, L.P. Albuquerque (1♀, INPA); Beruni, Rio Purus, x.2002, Malaise trap, Xavier and Barbosa (1♀, INPA); Manaus, ZF-03- BR 174 km 41, Res 1501, Rocha and Silva, 15–25.xi.1995, suspensa 0061319 (1♀, INPA); ZF2, km14, Rafael and Marshall (1♀, INPA); Presidente Figueiredo, Cachoeira Iracema, 1.i. 2020, Rafael and Marshall (1♀, photographed in the field, INPA). COLOMBIA. Vichada, PNN EI Puparro, Cerro Tomas, Malaise, 27.Dec.2000, W. Villalba (1♀, IAVH); Meta, PNN Sierra de la Macarena, Cano Cuja, Sendero Cachicamos, 460m, Malaise, 24. Dec. 01, D. Campos (1♀, IAVH); Caqueta, PNN Serrania de Chiribiquete Cunare-Anu, bos. inundable y tierra firme, Malaise, 21–25.Nov.2000, Gonzalez and Ospina (1♀, IAVH); Putumayo, PNN La Paya, Cabana La Paya, 5–25.Dec.2001, Malaise, E. Lozano (1♀, IAVH). ECUADOR. Napo. Res. Ethnica Waorani, 1 km S Onkone Gare Camp, TransEnt 20. <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.433334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.65" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.433334/lat -0.65)">June.</a> 1994, 220m, 0°39'S 076°26'W, T. L. Erwin et al., insecticidal fogging of mostly bare green leaves, some with covering of lichens or bryophytic plants in terre firme forest at 2 x-trans 32m mark Project Maxus lot 682. (1♂, USNM); as previous but <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.6&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.6333333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.6/lat -0.6333333)">TransEnt</a> 22, 22.Jan.1994, 00°38'S 076°36'W, lot 624, 42m (1♂, USNM); Jatun Sacha Reserve, 6 km E Misahualli, 450m, Apr. 6– 8.May.2002, S.A. Marshall (1♀, photographed in the field); Yasuni National Park, PUCE Yasuni Research Station, Malaise trap in rain forest, 3-20.xi.1998, T. Pape and B. Viklund (1♀, ZMUC).</p> <p>Variation: The specimen from Beruni (Brazil) has only a single large proepimeral bristle, but otherwise fits this species. It is a damaged female specimen, and has not been dissected.</p> <p>Comments: The extraordinarily long distiphallus and correspondingly elongate spermathecal duct are the most remarkable features of this species. Externally it most closely resembles A. amazonica, which differs in having all katepisternal bristles golden, a densely setulose female pleuron and the frontal vitta strongly tapered.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8A1D87FBFFBBFFE2FF4BFC7A416CFCBB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marshall, Stephen A.	Marshall, Stephen A. (2022): Amapeza and Nigripeza, new genera of Neotropical micropezid flies (Diptera, Micropezidae, Taeniapterinae). Zootaxa 5092 (3): 251-272, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5092.3.1
8A1D87FBFFBDFFE0FF4BFC9245AEFE27.text	8A1D87FBFFBDFFE0FF4BFC9245AEFE27.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amapeza amazonica (Enderlein 2022) Marshall 2022	<div><p>Amapeza amazonica (Enderlein) new combination</p> <p>Figures 2A–2H</p> <p>Systellapha amazonica Enderlein, 1922:192.</p> <p>Description: Size 8–9 mm. Colour: Head and thorax mostly orange, clypeus dark brown with a strong blue sheen. Fore femur pale brown except for darkened apex, fore tibia dark brown, fore tarsus white. Basal half of hind femur white at base, otherwise pale brown with a subbasal dark brown band; distal half brown except for a pale band at middle. Pleural bristles, including katepisternal bristles, golden. Wing with a broad and complete but indistinct discal band. Pleuron of female abdomen densely golden setulose, pale brown except for a dark area on segments 4–5. Tergites 1–2 and anterior part of T3 of female orange, tergites 4–5 dark brown; tergite 6 and oviscape orange laterally and dark dorsally; male abdominal tergites 3–4 dark only posteriorly, T5 with only a small dark posteromedial area; S8 and epandrium mostly dark. Male abdominal pleuron almost bare and pale except for a small black pleural sac on dorsal third of P2.</p> <p>Head: Frontal vitta slightly broadened before ocelli, then strongly tapered anteriorly with anterior margin 0.2X frontal width. Orbital plate barely differentiated from frontal vitta; epicephalon shiny. Clypeus entirely bare.</p> <p>Thorax: Cervical sclerite evenly convex, simple. Proepisternum with ventral setae separated into anteroventral and posteroventral tufts, the latter conspicuously longer. Postpronotal lobe bare, slightly depressed anterior to middle so anterior margin seems slightly elevated. One dorsocentral bristle. Mesopleuron shining, anepisternum sparsely setulose. Suprahumeral bristles small and exclinate, usually 3–5 with anterior largest.</p> <p>Female abdomen: Major (paired) spermathecal duct extremely broad, distally barrel-shaped with a constriction and a sphincter-like ring apically, with thick, convoluted stems running from ring to long, egg-shaped spermathecae each with a deep distal invagination. Minor duct not found in available dissections, presumably vestigial.</p> <p>Male abdomen: Genital fork prominent, with long, narrow, slightly incurved and parallel-sided main arms and pairs of dorsal and inner ventral basal process (thus two pairs of prominent inner basal processes). Basal distiphallus elongate, about 1.5X as long as epandrium, ending in a ventral notch and a phallic bulb with small lateral wings and a large dorsal lobe. Distal distiphallus much shorter, strongly recurved and ending in a broad tubular swelling (glans).</p> <p>Type material: Holotype (female, ZMHB, examined): BRAZIL. " Upper Amazon area."</p> <p>Other material examined: ECUADOR. Napo. Jatun Sacha Reserve, 6 km E Misahualli, 450m, Apr. 6– 8.May.2002, S.A. Marshall (6♀, DEBU, QCAZ, one female barcoded as MYCRO 609-20). PERU. Madre de Dios, Los Amigos Biological Station, 2–14. June. 2006, Paiero and Klymko (1♀, DEBU); Cuzco, Estacion Via Carmen, 500–700m, Malaise trap VC-ML-18A, 14. June. 2014 (1♂ USNM); Pucallpa 10.iv.1965, J. Schunke, BM 1965-529 (1♂, BMNH).</p> <p>Comments: Amapeza amazonica is closely related to A. tricincta, with which it shares several characters including the setose abdominal pleuron, a single dorsocentral bristle, and the enlarged and capsule-like part of the paired spermathecal duct. Some previous published records of A. amazonica are probably A. hyaloptera; see comments under that species. Like A. hyaloptera and A. camelina, A. amazonica and A. tricincta have an apically swollen distal distiphallus.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8A1D87FBFFBDFFE0FF4BFC9245AEFE27	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marshall, Stephen A.	Marshall, Stephen A. (2022): Amapeza and Nigripeza, new genera of Neotropical micropezid flies (Diptera, Micropezidae, Taeniapterinae). Zootaxa 5092 (3): 251-272, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5092.3.1
8A1D87FBFFBFFFE0FF4BFE2E469BF83B.text	8A1D87FBFFBFFFE0FF4BFE2E469BF83B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amapeza camelina Marshall 2022	<div><p>Amapeza camelina new species</p> <p>Figures 3A–3G</p> <p>Description: Size 8–9 mm. Colour: Head mostly orange except for black ocellar plate, shining dark brown clypeus, and dark reddish brown epicephalon. Thorax dark brown with anterior and lateral margins somewhat paler; proepisternum with a longitudinal black band just above ventral margin. Fore femur and fore tibia dark brown with pale setulae distally, fore tarsomeres 1–3 white, 4–5 sometimes slightly browned. Mid and hind femora uniformly pale brown. Wing generally infuscate, discal band barely distinguishable from surrounding membrane. Male abdomen with T1–6 dark brown, terminalia yellow-brown; pleuron black microsetulose on P1–2 and on ventral third of P3–5, otherwise uniformly white. Abdomen of female with T1–6 dark brown, oviscape orangebrown, darker along dorsal midline; pleuron entirely dirty white with black microsetulosity.</p> <p>Head: Frontal vitta slightly broadened before ocelli, tapered anteriorly, anterior margin 0.3X width of frons. Orbital plate barely differentiated from frontal vitta; epicephalon bare and shiny. Clypeus entirely bare except for microsetulose posterolateral margins.</p> <p>Thorax: Cervical sclerite shiny and posteroventrally projecting in both sexes. Proepisternum with marginal row of about 12 black setae. Postpronotal lobe microsetulose and with long hairs on posterior half, slightly depressed anterior to middle so anterior margin seems slightly elevated. Two dorsocentral bristles. Suprahumeral bristles small and exclinate, barely distinguishable from row of dorsocentral setulae.</p> <p>Female abdomen: Oviscape distinctively shaped with a large dorsobasal hump. Major (paired) spermathecal duct distally gradually expanded to form an elongate funnel with short convoluted stems running from its mouth to 2 shorter funnel-shaped spermathecae, each with a deep distal invagination. Minor duct much thinner, about 2/3 as long and running to a minute spermatheca.</p> <p>Male abdomen: S5 broad, genital fork with a deep but narrow basal cleft, arms of genital fork setose and strongly incurved with long bristles and a few short, stout bristles on mesal surface. Ejaculatory apodeme larger than epandrium. Distiphallus with a elongate basal portion about 1.5X length of epandrium, basal distiphallus separated from distal distiphallus by a distinct but compact phallic bulb, distal distiphallus recurved dorsally and ending in a distinct cylindrical swelling (glans).</p> <p>Type material: Holotype (♀, USNM). ECUADOR. Napo, Res. Ethnica Waorani, 1 km S Onkone Gare Camp, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.433334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.65277773" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.433334/lat -0.65277773)">TransEnt</a> 7.Oct. 1994, 220m, 00°39'10"S 076°26'W, T. L. Erwin et al., insecticidal fogging of mostly bare green leaves, some with covering of lichens or bryophytic plants in terre firme forest at station 9, Project Maxus lot 898.</p> <p>Paratypes: ECUADOR. Same locality as holotype, but lots 897 and 949 (1♀, 1♂, USNM); Jatun Sacha Reserve, 6 km E Misahualli, 450m, Apr. 6–8.May.2002, S.A. Marshall (1♂, 1♀, DEBU); Orellano, Yasuni Research Station, 0 °40'50'S 76°24'2'W, 28.Apr–02.May.2009, S.A. Marshall (1♂, 1♀ photographed and collected, QCAZ).</p> <p>Etymology: The specific name, from the Latin for "camel", reflects the unique and distinctive strongly humped oviscape of this species.</p> <p>Comments: Although its dark body colour gives Amapeza camelina a superficial similarity to Nigripeza, it can be recognized as an Amapeza by its distinctively shaped white-fringed palpus and pubescent antenna. Both male and female genitalia are distinctive and suggest a close relationship to A. amazonica, A. hyaloptera and A. plicata. The dorsally recurved and distally swollen distiphallus apex is an unusual synapomorphy linking these four species, although a similar structure appears as an apparent homoplasy in the Afrotropical genus Aristobatina Verbeke, in which it was referred to as a "glans" (Marshall, 2014).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8A1D87FBFFBFFFE0FF4BFE2E469BF83B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marshall, Stephen A.	Marshall, Stephen A. (2022): Amapeza and Nigripeza, new genera of Neotropical micropezid flies (Diptera, Micropezidae, Taeniapterinae). Zootaxa 5092 (3): 251-272, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5092.3.1
8A1D87FBFFB1FFEEFF4BFF6247B6F83E.text	8A1D87FBFFB1FFEEFF4BFF6247B6F83E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amapeza hyaloptera (Hendel)	<div><p>Amapeza hyaloptera (Hendel)</p> <p>Figures 4A–4E</p> <p>Rainieria hyaloptera Hendel 1936:66</p> <p>Description: Size 8–11 mm. Colour: Thorax and head mostly orange, proepisternum with a longitudinal black band, katepisternum orange-brown and abdomen brown. Epicephalon shining orange to brown; ocellar plate small and black. Lower face and subantennal areas very pale. Clypeus shining dark brown, microsetulose. Fore femur uniformly pale brown, fore tibia dark brown, fore tarsomeres 1–4 white, tarsomere 5 usually pale brown. Hind femur pale brown with a weak preapical pale band. Wing with an indistinct discal band, barely distinguishable from surrounding membrane. Abdomen of female with pleuron generally slightly blackened, pale ventrally on segments 3–5 only. Oviscape reddish brown dorsally and orange laterally except for a preapical dark ring and an orange apex. Male abdomen with pleuron slightly darkened, more so anteriorly in area of pleural sac; epandrium and S8 paler brown than other sclerites.</p> <p>Head: Frontal vitta parallel sided behind ocelli, slightly broadened and elevated before ocelli, weakly tapered anteriorly, anterior margin 0.4X frons width in females, 0.3X in males.</p> <p>Thorax: Cervical sclerite evenly convex in both sexes. Proepisternum with a marginal row of about 12 black setae. Postpronotal lobe evenly convex, microsetulose, sparsely setulose on posterior half. Two distinct dorsocentral bristles. Suprahumeral bristles very small to absent. Anepisternum mostly bare, sparsely microsetulose in posterodorsal quarter only. Posterior row of katepisternal bristles dark brown to black.</p> <p>Female abdomen: Major (paired) spermathecal duct extremely broad, with a constriction and a sphincter-like ring distally, with thin, convoluted stems running from ring to 2 long, funnel-shaped spermathecae each with a deep distal invagination. Minor duct much smaller and shorter, with a small, elongate, parallel-sided spermatheca.</p> <p>Male abdomen: Genital fork with arms slightly shorter than base of fork, strongly incurved; mesal surfaces of arms densely packed with short spurs and long hairs. Distiphallus elongate, more than twice as long as epandrium, with distal distiphallus posterodorsally recurved and with apex expanded into a strongly spinulose, broadly cylindrical glans. Ejaculatory apodeme larger than epandrium.Type material: HOLOTYPE (♂, not seen): BRAZIL Para, Belem, 11–26 May, H. Zerny (NHMW? see comments)</p> <p>Material examined: BRAZIL. Amazonas, Campus Universitario, Shannon trap, 29.viii–05.viii.1988, 28.vii– 5.vii, 21–30.ix, 04–11.viii, 07–21.ix, 13.iii, Marcia Castilho, J. Elias Binda (7♀, INPA); Reserva Ducke, 21.ii.1978, 25.vii.1978, 14.viii.1969, 20.ix.1978, 7.iii.1968, Malaise traps A. Faustino, Jorge Arias, (3♀, 2♂, INPA); Rio Pret nr. Padanaque, rainforest sweep, 9.iv.1994, M. von Tschirnhaus, debu 00256969 (1♀, DEBU); Manaus, ZF –03, BR 174, km 41, Res. 1501, 15–25.xi.1995, Rocha &amp; Silva L.E.F. col., suspensa, 0061323 (1♀, INPA). Para Tucurui, Bagagem, 06.viii.1980, eq. Nunes de Mello, 5614 (1♀, INPA). FRENCH GUIANA: Moantagne des Chevaux. xi.2009, window trap, 90m. (5♀, 3♂, BMNH). Roura Road D6, rainforest trail, 17–23.xi.2018, human dung, G. B. Ferro (1♀, DEBU). Mitaraka, MIT-DZ, 306m, tropical moist forest, FIT, 6–10.iii.2015, J. Touroult and E. Poinier, Mitaraka /198 (1 ♀, NMHN); Mitaraka, MIT-E savane roche, 471m, open/partially open areas, 13–20.viii.2015, MT, P.H. Dalens, Mitaraka /230 (1 ♂, NMHN); GUYANA: Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-59.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.15" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -59.05/lat 4.15)">Surama</a>, 4°9’N, 59°3’W 14–18.Jan.2013, J. Klymko (several specimens in 95% alcohol in freezer, DEBU); Reiva Lodge, 23.i.12, P. Careless (2♂, 4♀, DEBU, in alcohol); TRINIDAD. “ 3–4-1961 ”, N. Gopaul Coll. (1♂, USNM).</p> <p>Comments: Amapeza hyaloptera is externally similar to the closely related A. plicata, from which it can be distinguished by its smooth postpronotal lobe and by its distinctive male and female terminalia (see also comments under A. plicata). Although A. hyaloptera differs from A. amazonica in several distinctive features (including the number of dorsocentral bristles), three of the above specimens bear labels " Grallipeza amazonica Enderlein det. L. Albuquerque". It is therefore possible that previous published records of A. amazonica from Brazil are this species. Several of the types were taken in Shannon traps or Malaise traps, and the species seems to be common in Amazonia.</p> <p>Although the type specimen should presumably be in NHMW, I was not able to find it in 2002 when I made notes on the Micropezidae types there. The original description, however, leaves little doubt about the identity of this species, especially in the explicit mention of two dorsocentral bristles.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8A1D87FBFFB1FFEEFF4BFF6247B6F83E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marshall, Stephen A.	Marshall, Stephen A. (2022): Amapeza and Nigripeza, new genera of Neotropical micropezid flies (Diptera, Micropezidae, Taeniapterinae). Zootaxa 5092 (3): 251-272, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5092.3.1
8A1D87FBFFB3FFEDFF4BFF62465DF983.text	8A1D87FBFFB3FFEDFF4BFF62465DF983.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amapeza plicata Marshall 2022	<div><p>Amapeza plicata new species</p> <p>Figures 5A–5F</p> <p>Description: Size 7–10 mm. Colour: Head mostly orange except for black palpus and ocellar plate, shiny brown clypeus, and shiny reddish brown epicephalon. Proepisternum with a longitudinal black band just above margin.All femora pale brown with an indistinct preapical yellow band; fore tibia brown, fore tarsomeres 1–3 white, tarsomeres 4 and 5 slightly darkened. Wing with an indistinct discal band extending to apex of discal cell (barely visible on some specimens). Female abdomen with pleuron and tergites uniformly dark; oviscape dark dorsally and preapically, otherwise orange. Male abdomen with tergites and pleuron dark, especially anteriorly in area of pleural sac; without bands or other pale marks.</p> <p>Head: Frontal vitta parallel sided behind ocelli, slightly expanded and raised in front of ocelli, slightly tapered anteriorly, margin 0.3X frons width.</p> <p>Thorax: Cervical sclerite prominently bulging and glabrous in female, unmodified in males. Proepisternum with marginal row of about 12 black setae. Postpronotal lobe elevated posteriorly, forming a distinct fold-like setose swelling in females and an indistinct elevated area in males. Two distinct dorsocentral bristles. Suprahumeral bristles variable, usually 1–4 very small exclinate bristles, sometimes absent. Main vertical row of katepisternal bristles dark brown to black, other katepisternal bristles golden.</p> <p>Female abdomen: Major (paired) spermathecal duct narrow basally then forming a very broad, parallel-sided cylinder, membranous on basal half and sclerotized on distal half, with a truncate apex from which long, twisted, uniform stems lead to 2 funnel-shaped spermathecae. Minor spermathecal duct very small but similar to main duct, leading to a small single spermatheca.</p> <p>Male abdomen: Genital fork elongate, with a deep cleft between the long, incurved arms; mesal surface of each arm with densely packed short stout bristles but without long hairs or bristles. Distiphallus elongate, basal portion longer than epandrium and with a broad phallic bulb, distal distiphallus recurved dorsally and ending in a small, inconspicuously expanded apex. Ejaculatory apodeme smaller than epandrium.</p> <p>Type material: Holotype (♀, DEBU) BOLIVIA: La Paz, Heath <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.666667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.7/lat -12.666667)">River</a> Wildlife Centre, 21 km SSW Puerto Heath, 12°40'S 68°42'W, 29. Apr –12. May, 2007, S.A. Marshall (debu0002292092).</p> <p>Paratypes (all females, INPA unless otherwise indicated): BRAZIL. Amazonas. Reserva Ducke, 26 km NE Manaus, 2.v.78, Arias and Penny; Rio Jau, Menti Mun, Novo Airao, 04.10. vi.1994, J.A. Rafael; Rio Negro, Parno do Jao, Ig Miratuca, 22–24.vii.1993, L. Saquino, Shannon trap; Novo Aripuana, Reserva Soka, 28.iv–05.v.1999, Ferriera et al., Malaise; Maranhao, Barreirinhas, 024339S, 424634W, 16–17.ix.1999, Rafael and Oliviera, Malaise; S. Pedro da Aqua Branca, F. Esplanada 045905S, 480803W; Para, Tucurui; Puraquequara, ii. viii.1990. eq. Nunes de Mello, Grallipeza affinis det Albuqerque. Chapada, Dec. Acc. No. 2966 (CMNH, no year, no collector). PERU. Madre de Dios, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.6" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.05/lat -12.6)">Sandoval Lodge</a>, 16.5 km E Puerto Maldenado, 12°36'S, 69°3'W, 28.Apr.2007, S.A. Marshall (DEBU).</p> <p>Other material examined (tentatively associated males): BOLIVIA: same collection data as holotype (debu000282128) (1♂, photographed in the field, DEBU). PERU: Pucallpa J. Schunke, Dec. 3, 1947 (1♂, Frank Hull collection, CNCI, labelled " Grallipeza cantata det Albuqerque").</p> <p>Etymology: The species name refers to the fold-like swelling on the posterior part of the postnotum (Latin plicatus = folded), a prominent feature of at least the females of this species.</p> <p>Comments: Amapeza plicata and Amapeza hyaloptera are closely related and externally similar except for the setose elevation on the posterior part of the postnotum, which is weakly developed on the two A. plicata males examined. The spermathecae and spermathecal ducts of these species are clearly distinct yet share several features such as the very broad, distally truncate, at least partly thin-walled main duct and narrow, funnel-shaped paired spermathecae. The two available males of A. plicata also have unusual features shared with A. hyaloptera and A. camelina, especially the recurved distal distiphallus that ends in large spinulose bulb in A. hyaloptera but only forms an indistinct expansion in A. plicata.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8A1D87FBFFB3FFEDFF4BFF62465DF983	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marshall, Stephen A.	Marshall, Stephen A. (2022): Amapeza and Nigripeza, new genera of Neotropical micropezid flies (Diptera, Micropezidae, Taeniapterinae). Zootaxa 5092 (3): 251-272, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5092.3.1
8A1D87FBFFB2FFEBFF4BF98A40D1FB47.text	8A1D87FBFFB2FFEBFF4BF98A40D1FB47.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amapeza tricincta Marshall 2022	<div><p>Amapeza tricincta new species</p> <p>Figures 6A–F</p> <p>Description: Size 8 mm. Colour: Head and thorax mostly orange, clypeus dark brown with a blue sheen. Fore femur brown dorsally in basal third and darkened apically, otherwise pale; fore tarsus white, slightly yellowed near apex. Hind femur pale with three dark brown bands, one basal third, one just beyond middle, and one narrow preapical band continuous with a darkened femoral apex. Pleural bristles mostly golden, but posterior row of katepisternal bristles brown. Wing with a broad and complete but indistinct discal band. Pleuron of female abdomen densely golden setulose, pale brown except for a dark area on segments 4–5. Tergites 1–2 and anterior part of T3 of female pale brown, tergites 4–5 dark brown; tergite 6 and oviscape apparently darker dorsally at least at base but available specimens discolored; male abdominal tergites 3–4 apparently uniformly brown; S8 and epandrium also uniform but the only available male abdomen has been cleared and is in glycerin. Male abdominal pleuron darkened by dense short setulosity, darkest on dorsal third of P2.</p> <p>Head: Frontal vitta slightly broadened before ocelli, then strongly tapered anteriorly with anterior margin 0.2X frontal width. Orbital plate barely differentiated from frontal vitta; epicephalon shiny. Clypeus entirely and conspicuously setulose.</p> <p>Thorax: Cervical sclerite evenly convex and simple in male, with a central depression in female. Proepisternum with a row of short ventral setulae anteriorly, posterior corner with a single very long bristle widely separated from short anterior setulae. Postpronotal lobe of male almost bare, with a few inconspicuous golden posterodorsal setulae; postpronotal lobe of female with thin but long black dorsal bristles anteriorly and posteriorly, the posterior group of bristles denser and longer. One dorsocentral bristle. Mesopleuron shining, anepisternum sparsely setulose. Suprahumeral bristles small and exclinate, usually 3–5 with anterior largest.</p> <p>Female abdomen: Major (paired) spermathecal duct extremely broad, distally expanded and cup-like, with thick, distally bumpy and bent spermathecal stems running from inside the cup to long, distally invaginated paired spermathecae. Single spermathecal duct very thin and short, leading to a long, slender and very small single spermatheca.</p> <p>Male abdomen: Genital fork prominent, with long, narrow, incurved arms, deeply cleft basally but without inner basal processes, inner faces of arms with only short stout setae. Basal distiphallus elongate, about 1.5X as long as epandrium, with an elongate phallic bulb. Distal distiphallus much shorter, strongly recurved and ending in a broad tubular swelling (glans).</p> <p>Type material: Holotype (♂, INPA). BRAZIL. Para. Oriximina, Rio Trombetas, Alcoa: Miner, M. Branco, 18.x.1982, Binda &amp; Vidal, AR Malaise. Barcoded as Mycro 0608-20.</p> <p>Paratypes: BRAZIL. Amazonas, Manaus. Jan.1979, J.A. Rafael. second label ” Grallipeza scurra (Enderlein) 1922, det. L. Albuquerque ” (♀, INPA); Amazonas, AM.010.km.31, Embrapa, 25.x.1990, L.P. Albuquerque, J.E. Binda. Barcoded as Mycro 610-20.</p> <p>Etymology: Amapeza tricincta is named for the three distinct belt-like brown bands encircling the mid and hind tibia.</p> <p>Comments: Amapeza tricincta can be easily separated from the otherwise similar A. amazonica by its entirely microsetulose clypeus, which contrasts unambiguously with the shining clypeus of A. amazonica, as well as by leg colour and katepisternal bristle colour. Amapeza tricincta is thus far known only from the lower Amazon region of Brazil, while A. amazonica is known from upper Amazon regions of Brazil, Ecuador and Peru.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8A1D87FBFFB2FFEBFF4BF98A40D1FB47	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marshall, Stephen A.	Marshall, Stephen A. (2022): Amapeza and Nigripeza, new genera of Neotropical micropezid flies (Diptera, Micropezidae, Taeniapterinae). Zootaxa 5092 (3): 251-272, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5092.3.1
8A1D87FBFFB4FFE8FF4BFACE41F0F9C1.text	8A1D87FBFFB4FFE8FF4BFACE41F0F9C1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nigripeza Marshall 2022	<div><p>Nigripeza new genus</p> <p>Type species Grallipeza obscura Hennig, 1934:300.</p> <p>Description: Size 7–8 mm. Colour: Head with frontal vitta orange to black, usually orange anteriorly and gradually grading to a darker colour posteriorly; face orange and palpus almost entirely dark; thorax mostly black to very dark brown with postpronotal lobe and supra-alar area paler in some species; wing clear with a broad dark discal band. Fore femur all or mostly brown on basal half, yellow distally. Fore tibia dark brown, fore tarsomeres 1–2 white, 3–5 brown to black. Other legs yellowish brown except darker coxa; mid femur with a single basal dark ring, sometimes obsolete; hind femur with 3 darker rings (subbasal, distomedian, preapical) but distal two often indistinct (distinct only in N. octa). Abdominal pleuron with a circular to elongate oval dark pleural sac on P2; pleuron of most species with parts of P1 and P3 white, otherwise mostly brownish with dark microsetulosity.</p> <p>Head: Arista plumose, hairs at least as long as scape width. Pedicel with a ventroapical bristle longer than first flagellomere. Frontal vitta broad and parallel sided behind ocelli, expanded and elevated in front of ocelli, broadly meeting anterior margin. Orbital plate and epicephalon bare; paracephalon very finely microsetulose, ocellar plate small, dark and bare. Three well developed fronto-orbitals. Clypeus microsetulose posteriorly and anteriorly, otherwise bare. Palpus broad (approximately twice as long as wide) weakly convex ventrally and sharply tapering dorso-apically, black to dark brown except for pale base and an inconspicuous silvery distal and ventral fringe.</p> <p>Thorax: Cervical sclerite with posterior third forming a prominent lobe in both sexes, most conspicuous in female. Postpronotal lobe distinctly elevated posteriorly, sparsely microsetulose and sometimes with a few very small, inconspicuous black hairs. One or two dorsocentral bristles. Suprahumeral bristles normally absent but anteriormost dorsocentral setula sometimes enlarged. Vertical row of katepisternal bristles dark brown to black.</p> <p>Abdomen: Abdominal pleuron of both sexes (where known) with a dark pleural sac on P2, much more strongly developed in males.</p> <p>Female abdomen (unknown for N. cali and N. octa): Tergites black, oviscape brown to black. Pleuron dirty white, slightly darkened with black microsetulae at least on segments 1-2. Major (paired) spermathecal duct elongate and almost parallel-sided, gradually expanded to a slightly swollen apex from which very long, transversely striate and strongly convolute stems lead to 2 funnel-shaped spermathecae. Spermathecae with distinct outpocketings at base and broad distal invaginations. Minor (single) duct smaller (N. spangleri) or much smaller (N. obscura) but similar in shape up to the stem.</p> <p>Male abdomen: Genital fork variable, very short in some species, with stout bristles on mesal surface mostly clustered at apex. Distiphallus short and broad, ending in a broad phallic bulb, distal distiphallus absent. Ejaculatory apodeme variable.</p> <p>Comments: Hennig (1934) included three black-bodied species in his key to Grallipeza species. Only one of these species (Grallipeza obscura Hennig) belongs in Nigripeza; the others (Grallipeza auriornata Hennig and Calobata pallidefasciata Macquart) are dark-bodied species with a bare or indistinctly pubescent arista, and probably belong in Calosphen. Three specimens of Nigripeza (two N. obscura, one N. octa) were sequenced for CO1 and recovered together as an isolated branch widely separated from the Grallipeza ss/ Calosphen clade on maximum likelihood trees including over 100 taeniapterine species (unpublished data).</p> <p>Etymology: A number of widely separated clades traditionally treated as part of Grallipeza have been informally organized for several years using manuscript names with the suffix " peza ". Two of those clades are formally named using this suffix here, with the prefix " Nigri " (black) applied to this group of dark species now treated as the genus Nigripeza.</p> <p>Key to the species of Nigripeza</p> <p>1. Frontal vitta mostly dark, with black area tapering to anterior margin of frons (Fig. 7A). Ejaculatory apodeme very small and ejaculatory duct short (Fig. 7D)........................................... Nigripeza cali new species (Colombia)</p> <p>- Frontal vitta orange at least on anterior quarter, usually much more; orange area gradually grading to darker pigmentation posteriorly. Ejaculatory apodeme small or large............................................................. 2</p> <p>2. Hind femur with a distinct basal band more than twice as long as wide, a similarly dimensioned but very pale middle band, and an indistinct distal band (Fig 10D). Sternite 5 with a very short genital fork, arms much less than twice as long as wide and separated by less than the width of an arm (Fig 10B). Ejaculatory apodeme very small and ejaculatory duct short........................................................................... Nigripeza spangleri new species (Ecuador)</p> <p>- Hind femur with a basal band less than twice as long as wide and a slightly longer distomedian band (indistinct in N. obscura); sternite 5 with a long genital fork, arms widely separated and more than twice as long as wide (Figs. 8B, 9D). Ejaculatory apodeme as large as epandrium, with a long duct............................................................ 3</p> <p>3. Frontal vitta entirely orange anterior to ocelli, slightly darkened posteriorly. Distomedian black band of hind femur indistinct. Arms of genital fork much shorter than body of sternite 5. One dorsocentral bristle. South America........................................... Nigripeza obscura (Hennig) (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, Ecuador, French Guiana, Peru)</p> <p>- Frontal vitta orange only in anterior third, fading to reddish brown posteriorly. Distomedian black band of hind femur distinct. Arms of genital fork subequal to body of sternite 5. Two dorsocentral bristles. Central America........................................................................................... Nigripeza octa new species (Costa Rica)</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8A1D87FBFFB4FFE8FF4BFACE41F0F9C1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marshall, Stephen A.	Marshall, Stephen A. (2022): Amapeza and Nigripeza, new genera of Neotropical micropezid flies (Diptera, Micropezidae, Taeniapterinae). Zootaxa 5092 (3): 251-272, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5092.3.1
8A1D87FBFFB7FFF6FF4BF93446FEFE5B.text	8A1D87FBFFB7FFF6FF4BF93446FEFE5B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nigripeza cali Marshall 2022	<div><p>Nigripeza cali new species</p> <p>Figures 7A–7E</p> <p>Description (male only): Colour: Body mostly black to dark brown dorsally, frontal vitta mostly dark, orange only at sides of anterior margin. Thoracic pleuron silvery microsetulose except for shiny anterior half of anepisternum and posterior corner of propleuron. Hind femur yellowish with a strong dark ring in basal third and slight darkening on distal half. Tergites dull black; abdominal pleuron on segments 1–4 apparently mostly white except for the black pleural sac on upper 3/4 and entire length of P2 with black area extending from pleural sack on to P3; segments 4–5 brownish setulose.</p> <p>Head: Frontal vitta broad and almost parallel-sided on portion behind ocelli, expanded and elevated in front of ocelli, dark area tapered to anterior margin. Orbital plate with very fine striae; epicephalon shiny and bare, paracephalon microsetulose. Clypeus sparsely microsetulose posterolaterally, middle of anterior margin bare.</p> <p>Thorax: One dorsocentral bristle. Vertical row of katepisternal bristles black. Pleuron with dense silvery microsetulosity except anterior half and posterodorsal corner of anepisternum. Notum uniformly, sparsely and indistinctly microsetulose, faintly vittate with a dark dorsocentral vitta bordered by silvery microsetulose areas.</p> <p>Male abdomen: Genital fork incurved, tapered arms slightly shorter than base of fork; short stout bristles present on entire mesal surface from base to apex, apical bristles about as long as arm width. Distiphallus short and broad, ending in a broad but tapered phallic bulb. Ejaculatory apodeme greatly reduced, barely larger than sperm pump; ejaculatory duct very short.</p> <p>Type material: Holotype (♂, IAVH) COLOMBIA. Valle del Cauca, PNN Farallones de Cali, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.4333334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.8/lat -3.4333334)">Anchicaya</a>, 3°26'S 76°48'W, 650M, Malaise, 2–3.27.01, S. Sarria leg, m1536</p> <p>Etymology: The species name is a noun in apposition taken from part of the type label.</p> <p>Comments: Nigripeza cali is remarkable for the short and thick ejaculatory duct running to a stout sperm pump with a very short ejaculatory apodeme. Females are unknown but the external features of this species, especially the unusually dark frontal vitta, seem distinctive.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8A1D87FBFFB7FFF6FF4BF93446FEFE5B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marshall, Stephen A.	Marshall, Stephen A. (2022): Amapeza and Nigripeza, new genera of Neotropical micropezid flies (Diptera, Micropezidae, Taeniapterinae). Zootaxa 5092 (3): 251-272, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5092.3.1
8A1D87FBFFA9FFF7FF4BFDB2465FFEB3.text	8A1D87FBFFA9FFF7FF4BFDB2465FFEB3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nigripeza obscura (Hennig)	<div><p>Nigripeza obscura (Hennig)</p> <p>Figures 8A–8F</p> <p>Grallipeza obscura Hennig, 1934:300.</p> <p>Description: Colour: Body mostly black, frontal vitta orange anterior to ocelli, slightly darker behind; mid femur reddish with a short indistinct dark subbasal band; hind femur with a short, incomplete subbasal band, a slightly darkened distomedian area, and a very weak and easily overlooked preapical band. Tergites black, oviscape pale brown with a darker preapical ring and a pale apex.</p> <p>Head: Frontal vitta almost parallel-sided behind ocelli, expanded and strongly elevated in front of ocelli, hardly tapered anteriorly and thus broad at anterior margin. Orbital plate finely striate and thus slightly dulled relative to bare and shiny epicephalon. Clypeus sparsely microsetulose anteriorly and posterolaterally but extent of microsetulosity variable.</p> <p>Thorax: One dorsocentral bristle. Thoracic pleuron with dense silvery microsetulosity except on anterior half of anepisternum. Notum uniformly, sparsely and indistinctly microsetulose, with a barely distinguishable underlying pattern of narrow vittae.</p> <p>Abdomen: Upper halves of P1 and P3 white, elongate oval patch on P2 very dark, remainder of pleuron slightly darkened.</p> <p>Female abdomen: Major (paired) spermathecal duct elongate and almost parallel-sided, gradually expanded to a slightly swollen apex from which very long, transversely striate, and strongly convoluted stems lead to 2 funnelshaped spermathecae. Spermathecae with distinct outpocketings at base and broad distal invaginations. Minor (single) duct much smaller but similar in shape, single spermatheca small.</p> <p>Male abdomen. Genital fork shallowly cleft at base, each arm short and broad, slightly incurved at apex, with 10–11 short stout bristles on mesal surface, mostly clustered at apex. Distiphallus short and broad, ending in a broad phallic bulb. Ejaculatory apodeme larger than epandrium.</p> <p>Type material: Holotype (female, antennae missing, SMTD, examined): BOLIVIA. Mapiri 21.03, S. Carlos, 800m.</p> <p>Other material examined: BOLIVIA. La Paz. <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.24027&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.3133335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.24027/lat -15.3133335)">Rio Merke</a>, 3 km NW Mapiri, 15°18'48"S 68°14'25" W, disturbed secondary forest, 8.Apr.2001, S.A. Marshall (2♀, DEBU); Guanay, 38 km S, roadside stream, 12.Apr.2001, S.A. Marshall (1♀, 1♂, DEBU). BRAZIL. Rio Negro, downstream Uaupes, last right tributary of Rio Curicunari, 5.Mar.1994, M. von Tschirnhaus (2♀, DEBU); Rondonia, Nova Mamore, Parque Estadual de Guajara = Mirim, Rio Formoso, 20–27.x.1995, Vidal and Aquino, Malaise (1♂, 1♀, INPA). COLOMBIA. Putumayo. PNN La Pay Cabana Viviano, Varzea, 320m, 15–30.Oct.2001, Malaise, R. Cobete, M 2438 (1♂, 1♀, IAVH). ECUADOR. Napo. Jatun Sacha Reserve, 6 km E Misahualli, 450m, Apr. 6–8.May.2002, S.A. Marshall (1♂, 2♀, DEBU), as previous but dung pans, M. Buck (1♂, DEBU); Tiputini Biological Station, viii.1999, M. Kotrba (2♂, DEBU); Loreto, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.76745&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.72499996" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.76745/lat -0.72499996)">Narupayacu Biological Station</a>, 00°43ʹ30ʺ S, 77°46ʹ2.8ʺ W; 1138 m., 10.v.2019, S.A. Marshall (1♀, photographed in the field). FRENCH GUIANA. Mitaraka, MIT-A-RBF 2, 287m, on vegetation along muddy trail and swamp, 28.ii.2015, M. Pollett (1♂, NMHN). GUYANA. Mazaruni-Potaro District, Takutu Mtns, 18.Dec.1983, Earthwatch expedition, W. Steiner (1♀, USNM). PERU. Madre de Dios, Rio Pini Pini and Rio Amalia confluence nr. Manu N.P., 17.Apr.2004, M. von Tschirnhaus (1♂, DEBU). Quincemil, Cuzco, viii, 1962, 740m, L. Pena (2♀, 1♂, CNCI); Avispas, Madre de Dios, 1–15X. 1962, 400m, L. Pena (1♀, 1♂, CNCI).</p> <p>Comments: Nigripeza obscura is recognized by its distinctive spermathecal complex, characteristically shaped genital fork, broad and mostly orange frontal vitta, and the broad and well-defined basal dark band on its hind femur. One specimen, a male from French Guiana, lacks postocellar bristles. Nigripeza obscura seems to be widespread in South American lowland rainforests.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8A1D87FBFFA9FFF7FF4BFDB2465FFEB3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marshall, Stephen A.	Marshall, Stephen A. (2022): Amapeza and Nigripeza, new genera of Neotropical micropezid flies (Diptera, Micropezidae, Taeniapterinae). Zootaxa 5092 (3): 251-272, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5092.3.1
8A1D87FBFFABFFF5FF4BFF6246F7FB9B.text	8A1D87FBFFABFFF5FF4BFF6246F7FB9B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nigripeza octa Marshall 2022	<div><p>Nigripeza octa new species</p> <p>Figures 9A–9F</p> <p>Description: Colour: Body mostly black, frontal vitta and orbital strips orange at anterior margin, slightly darker behind; mid femur with a subbasal band about twice as long as wide; hind femur yellow with a short distinct dark subbasal band separated by its own length from base of femur, a longer distomedian band and a very short and weak preapical band. Tergites black with dense fine silvery microsetulosity. Abdominal pleuron with a large dark pleural sack on P2, otherwise mostly white.</p> <p>Head: Frontal vitta almost parallel sided behind ocelli, expanded and strongly elevated in front of ocelli, hardly tapered anteriorly and thus broad at anterior margin. Orbital plate finely striate, dull; epicephalon smooth, shiny. Clypeus sparsely microsetulose on anterior margin and posterolateral corners.</p> <p>Thorax: Usually two (pairs of) dorsocentral bristles (left postsutural dorsocentral bristle missing on holotype male). Mesopleuron with a relatively narrow vertical band of dense silvery microsetulosity extending from anteroventral margin of katepisternum to margin of notum; pleuron otherwise sparsely microsetulose except for the shiny bare anterior third of anepisternum. Notum uniformly, sparsely and indistinctly microsetulose, with a barely distinguishable underlying pattern of dark vittae flanked by silvery margins.</p> <p>Abdomen: Upper halves of P1 and P3 white, circular patch on P2 very dark, remainder of pleuron slightly darkened.</p> <p>Female abdomen: Oviscape lost on female paratype</p> <p>Male abdomen. Genital fork shallowly cleft at base, each arm elongate, subequal in length to base; slightly incurved at apex, with 1–2 short stout mesal bristles on basal half and about 6 on distal half, mostly clustered at apex. Distiphallus short and very broad, ending in a relatively broad phallic bulb about half as long as basal distiphallus. Ejaculatory apodeme larger than epandrium.</p> <p>Type material: Holotype (♂, MNCR) COSTA RICA. San José, San Carlos, Riosparaiso Reserve, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.12556&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.564722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.12556/lat 9.564722)">Pecari Station</a>, 16km NNE Quepos, 9°33’53”N 84°7’32”W, 400m, 15.ii.2003, S.A. Marshall. Paratypes: COSTA RICA. Puntarenas, Estacion Sirena, 5m, 13–28.Mar.1995, M. Chinchilla (1♀, MNCR); Estacion Rio Bonito, 2.5 km Cero la Gamba, 110m, 9–26.Mar.1996, E. Fletes (1♂, MNCR).</p> <p>Etymology: The name Nigripeza octa was applied to this species because it has long carried the manuscript name "species 8".</p> <p>Comments: Nigripeza octa is the only Central American species in this otherwise South American genus. The holotype shows unusual apparent asymmetry in the number of dorsocentral bristles, a character that is usually stable and symmetrical. A specimen of this species (labelled TAE089) was treated under the manuscript name Grallipeza " octa " in Jackson et al 2015. It was the only species of Nigripeza or Amapeza included in that paper, in which the Majority Rule Consensus cladogram recovered it as sister to a clade including Hoplocheiloma Cresson and the one species of Grallipeza ss included in the paper.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8A1D87FBFFABFFF5FF4BFF6246F7FB9B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marshall, Stephen A.	Marshall, Stephen A. (2022): Amapeza and Nigripeza, new genera of Neotropical micropezid flies (Diptera, Micropezidae, Taeniapterinae). Zootaxa 5092 (3): 251-272, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5092.3.1
8A1D87FBFFAAFFF2FF4BFB744007FE7E.text	8A1D87FBFFAAFFF2FF4BFB744007FE7E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nigripeza spangleri Marshall 2022	<div><p>Nigripeza spangleri new species</p> <p>Figures 10A–10D</p> <p>Description: Colour: Body mostly black, head dark brown dorsally, frontal vitta orange anteriorly but phasing to brown posteriorly. Orbital plate pruinose orange, epicephalon dark shiny brown, ocellar plate small and black. Clypeus dark brown. Fore femur brown basally, yellow distally. Fore tibia dark brown, fore tarsomeres 1–2 white, 3–5 black. Other legs yellowish brown; hind femur with a strong and elongate dark ring in basal third; distomedian and distal rings very faint. Vertical row of katepisternal bristles black. Wing with complete but weak broad discal band. Abdominal pleuron (discoloured on available specimens) apparently dirty white except for the male pleural sac, which is large, brownish with dense black microsetulosity. Female oviscape pruinose basally but otherwise shining dark brown, apex pale.</p> <p>Head: Frontal vitta almost parallel sided behind ocelli, expanded and slightly elevated in front of ocelli, hardly tapered anteriorly. Orbital plate dulled with very fine striae; epicephalon shiny and bare; paracephalon mostly bare, microsetulose only between postocellar and inner vertical bristles. Clypeus entirely microsetulose.</p> <p>Thorax: Postpronotal lobe distinctly elevated posteriorly, sparsely microsetulose. One dorsocentral bristle. Suprahumeral bristles absent.</p> <p>Female abdomen: Major (paired) spermathecal duct elongate and almost parallel-sided, gradually expanded to a bulb-like swollen apex from which short, distally expanded transversely striate, convoluted stems lead to 2 funnel-shaped spermathecae. Spermathecae with distinct outpocketings at base and broad distal invaginations. Minor (single) duct shorter and slightly narrower but similar in shape, single spermatheca large, similar to paired spermathecae.</p> <p>Male abdomen: Genital fork with very short, broad, parallel-sided and straight arms; 5 short stout bristles on mesal surface, all in apical third, and 3 long outer preapical or apical bristles as long as or longer than length of arm. Distiphallus short and broad, ending in a broad but tapered and distally pointed phallic bulb. Ejaculatory apodeme not clearly visible in only available male, but apparently smaller than epandrium.</p> <p>Type material: Holotype (♀, USNM) and paratypes (1♂, 1♀, USNM): ECUADOR. Past. Puyo, 31.Jan.1976, Spangler et al, Ecuador Peace Corps Smithsonian Institution Aquatic Insect Survey.</p> <p>Etymology: Nigripeza spangleri is named after coleopterist Paul Spangler, the collector of this and many other new insect species.</p> <p>Comments: Nigripeza spangleri is very similar to the closely related N. obscura, the only dark congener with a plumose arista. Both species have a swollen cervical sclerite and a single dorsocentral bristle. Male and female terminalia of these species reflect the close relationship but differ clearly in details such as the shape, dimensions and chaetotaxy of the genital fork and the shape and dimensions of the spermathecae and associated ducts. Nigripeza spangleri is distinctive for its very short genital fork and very large single spermatheca.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8A1D87FBFFAAFFF2FF4BFB744007FE7E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Marshall, Stephen A.	Marshall, Stephen A. (2022): Amapeza and Nigripeza, new genera of Neotropical micropezid flies (Diptera, Micropezidae, Taeniapterinae). Zootaxa 5092 (3): 251-272, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5092.3.1
