taxonID	type	description	language	source
038487A9FFCCC75BAFB0F93EFAD4C989.taxon	materials_examined	— Type: Sonchus palustris L.	en	Güzel, Murat Erdem (2022): A new subgenus of Sonchus (Asteraceae: Cichorieae) inferred from molecular data. Phytotaxa 531 (3): 211-229, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.3.3
038487A9FFCCC75BAFB0F93EFAD4C989.taxon	description	Description: Perennial herbs, with short-thick woody rhizome or tuberous root; stem erect, unbranched, hollow, lower part glabrous, upper part glandular-eglandular hairy or glabrous, striate. Leaves glabrous, margin denticulate, apex acuminate; cauline leaves decrease to synflorescence or basal leaves in a rosette, pinnatipartite to runcinate or linear-lanceolate, base sagittately clasping, sessile. Synflorescence corymbiform or paniculiform. Capitula including 40 – 90 flowers, narrowly to broadly campanulate, with long peduncles up to 3.5 cm or rarely subsessile. Phyllaries, in 2 – 3 series, dorsal face glandular-eglandular hairy, linear-lanceolate, apex acute. Flowers yellow, in 2 – 3 series, corolla 8.9 – 11.8 mm long, tube 2.8 – 3.9 mm, hairy in the upper part; ligule 5.9 – 7.5 mm style branches yellow. Achene slightly heteromorphic, not beaked, outermost slightly falcate, 5 main ribbed, weakly compressed in cross section; inner straight, 4 main ribbed, ± quadrangular in cross section; apex attenuate. Pappus heteromorphic, setaceous inner rays, thinner downy rays, scabrid, white, caducous as a unit.	en	Güzel, Murat Erdem (2022): A new subgenus of Sonchus (Asteraceae: Cichorieae) inferred from molecular data. Phytotaxa 531 (3): 211-229, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.3.3
038487A9FFCCC75BAFB0F93EFAD4C989.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Morphological identification of Sonchus subg. Palustres is difficult because of the high similarity of their representatives with several members of S. subg. Sonchus and the paucity of morphological characters for the delimitation of sections and subgenus within Sonchus. In particular, the common aquatic habitat of S. subg. Palustres and S. sect. Maritimi makes the identification harder. However, S. subg. Palustres is distinct from rest of the genus by the following combination of morphological characters: slightly heteromorphic achenes, short-thick (up to 4 – 5 cm) woody rhizome (not creeping rhizome) or tuber and yellow stylus branches. The most similar species to S. subg. Palustres (S. sosnowskyi was not examined except from digital specimens) is S. aquatilis which has also heteromorphic achenes. However, its root system (creeping rhizome) and grey stylus branches keep it separate from S. subg. Palustres.	en	Güzel, Murat Erdem (2022): A new subgenus of Sonchus (Asteraceae: Cichorieae) inferred from molecular data. Phytotaxa 531 (3): 211-229, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.3.3
038487A9FFD1C747AFB0FA60FEE4C034.taxon	description	Morocco, Prov. d’Ouarzazate: Hober Atlas, 5 km S Tizi-n-Tichka, an der Pastr P 31 von Marrakech nach Ouarzazate, 2000 m, 08.07.1989, Ch. Oberprieler 3584 (B) (LAC- 653) (OK 048732, OK 078627) Morocco, Haut Atlas, Str von Tarondannt zum Pass – tizi-n-Test, ca. 1800 m. 04.05.1194, N. Kilian 3571 (B) Morocco: Dar-Drius, orilla del Kert, 1930 / 11 / 07, Hno. Mauricio 195 (BC barcode BC 830068 [web!]) (Type of Sonchus maritimus subsp. cartilagineus Maire & Sennen). Morocco: Dar-Drius, bords du Kert, 1930 / 11, Hno. Mauricio 7911 (BC barcode BC 830067 [web!]) (Type of Sonchus maritimus subsp. cartilagineus Maire & Sennen). Morocco: Dar-Drius, bords du Kert, 1930 / 11, Hno. Mauricio 7911 (MPU barcode MPU 008369 [web!]) Sonchus crassifolius Willd.: Spain, prope Villaconejos, 12.09.1980, H. W. Lack # s. n. (B) Sonchus maritimus L.: Spain. Cuenca: Arcas, Lagunas de Ballesteros, 30 SWK 733277, 920 m, 13 Agu 2002, prado alto, J. M. Moreno, 40 - 02 (VAL 143421 foto!)	en	Güzel, Murat Erdem (2022): A new subgenus of Sonchus (Asteraceae: Cichorieae) inferred from molecular data. Phytotaxa 531 (3): 211-229, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.3.3
038487A9FFD1C747AFB0FE9CFCD8CB91.taxon	description	Turkey, B 7 Erzincan: plain E. of Erzincan, 1250 m, slightly saline marsh, 30 viii 1957, Davis & Hedge, D. 31847 (E barcode E 00414004 [web!]) (Isotype specimen) Turkey, B 7 Erzincan: Ekşi Su mesire alanı, N 39 43, E 039 37, Juncus heldreichianus T. Marsson ex Parl. içleri, bataklık kenarı, küçük bireyler, 1160 m, 19 viii 2017. Güzel 688 & Gültepe (KTUB) (OK 048727, OK 078623) Turkey, B 7 Erzincan: Ekşi Su mesire alanı, Juncus heldreichianus T. Marsson ex Parl. içleri, bataklık kenarı, büyük bireyler, 1160 m, 19 viii 2017. Güzel 689 & Gültepe (KTUB) (OK 048728, OK 078624) Turkey, B 7 Erzincan: Ekşi Su, 1160 m, 13 viii 2020. Kandemir 11293 (KTUB) Turkey, B 7 Erzincan: Beşsaray, 1159 m, 13 viii 2020. Kandemir 11294 (KTUB) (OK 048729, OK 078625) Turkey B 7 Erzincan: Dereyurt, 1159 m, 13 viii 2020. Kandemir 11295 (KTUB) (OK 048730, OK 078626) Armenia, prope pag. Ararat, in polude mineralisata junco-iridata, 23 VII 1981, E. Nazarova, A. Barsegian # s. n. (ERE barcode ERE 0000200 [web!]) (Holotype of Sonchus araraticus) Armenia, prope pag. Ararat, in polude mineralisata junco-iridata, 23 VII 1981, E. Nazarova, A. Barsegian # s. n. ” (ERE barcode ERE 0000202 [web!]) (Isotype of Sonchus araraticus) Armenia, prope pag. Ararat, in polude mineralisata junco-iridata, 26 IX 1961, N 116 865, A. Barsegian # s. n. ” (ERE barcode ERE 0001232 [web!]) (Paratype of Sonchus araraticus)	en	Güzel, Murat Erdem (2022): A new subgenus of Sonchus (Asteraceae: Cichorieae) inferred from molecular data. Phytotaxa 531 (3): 211-229, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.3.3
038487A9FFD1C747AFB0FC68FE0ACD98.taxon	description	Turkey A 6 Tokat: Zile’den Pazar’a giderken, 574 m. N 40 20, E 035 51, Populus sp. altları, kurumuş sulak alanlar, 21 vii 2015. Güzel 413 & Makbul (KTUB) (OK 048725, OK 078621) Turkey A 8 Bayburt: Dikmetaş Köyü’nden Bayburt’a giderken, Populus sp. altları, sulama kanalı kenarı, 1450 m, 05 viii 2020. Güzel 975 & Gültepe (KTUB) Deutschland: Brandenburg, Teltow-Fläming (Kreis), Trebbin, Wandeweg S Blankensee, Wegrand, sumpfing, Feucht, 27.07.2003, Dürbye DÜR 2231 mit Rost, Meyer (B) Iran, W Azerbaijan occidentalis, prope Habashi Bala N Qotur, 1950 m ad rivum, 18.07.1974, K. H. Rechinger 49632 (B) Iran, Regio transcaspica, Aschabad, Suluklü (Saratowka) ad fines Persiae, ad rivulos et in pratis humidis, 31.07.1900, J. Bornmüller 954 (B)	en	Güzel, Murat Erdem (2022): A new subgenus of Sonchus (Asteraceae: Cichorieae) inferred from molecular data. Phytotaxa 531 (3): 211-229, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.3.3
038487A9FFD2C744AFB0FF2FFD25C975.taxon	description	Armenia. In la. Sevan ripa Gjunaica. Prope Babadzhan-dara. 29. VI. 27. A. Schelkovnikov & E. Kara-Murza, # s. n (TBI barcode TBI 1024667 [web!]) (Isotype specimen)	en	Güzel, Murat Erdem (2022): A new subgenus of Sonchus (Asteraceae: Cichorieae) inferred from molecular data. Phytotaxa 531 (3): 211-229, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.531.3.3
