identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03E165299973FFDBFF7EA6A688F4F84C.text	03E165299973FFDBFF7EA6A688F4F84C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vertebrata simulans (Harvey) Kuntze	<div><p>Vertebrata simulans (Harvey) Kuntze and Polysiphonia ceramiiformis P.Crouan &amp; H.Crouan</p> <p>MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION</p> <p>Two rbc L sequences for Vertebrata simulans and three for Polysiphonia ceramiiformis from the British Isles (four of which were newly determined) were identical, and also identical to a newly determined sequence of P.ceramiiformis from Spain. These sequences were resolved in the phylogeny in a highly supported clade including eight other members of the genus Vertebrata (Fig. 2). Relationships among members of the clade including V. simulans were unresolved. The most closely related species in the phylogeny is V. byssoides (Goodenough &amp; Woodward) Kuntze with 5.3% divergence in the rbc L gene. Two cox 1 sequences were generated for both V. simulans and P.ceramiiformis. The three sequences from the United Kingdom including specimens morphologically identified as V.simulans and P. ceramiiformis were identical, while the sequence of P.ceramiiformis from Spain differed by 1 bp from the British specimens. MORPHOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS</p> <p>Vertebrata simulans and Polysiphonia ceramiiformis are predominantly erect (Fig. 3A, D), attached to their substratum by short prostrate axes with unicellular rhizoids that are cut off from the pericentral cells. They have ecorticate axes with 10-13pericentral cells. Axes are 100-300 µm in diameter, with segments 0.3-0.8 L/D (length/diameter). Branches are formed mostly every 2-9 segments, replacing trichoblasts.</p> <p>Polysiphonia ceramiiformis has a soft succulent texture and branches form corymbose, characteristically forcipate apices (Fig.3 A-C). Vertebrata simulans is more slender and, in addition to indeterminate branches, it has abundant branchlets that remain short and spine-like (Fig. 3 D-F).</p> <p>Reproductive structures were not observed in specimens of P.ceramiiformis studied here, but tetrasporangia,spermatangia and cystocarps were described in Maggs &amp; Hommersand (1993). Vertebrata simulans has tetrasporangia 40-70 µm in diameter, formed in short lateral branchlets, in short spiral series (Fig. 3G). Sexual reproductive structures are unknown except for the observation of spermatangia on a tetrasporophyte (Maggs &amp; Hommersand 1993).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E165299973FFDBFF7EA6A688F4F84C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Piñeiro-Corbeira, Cristina;Maggs, Christine A.;Rindi, Fabio;Bunker, Francis;Baldock, Lin;Díaz-Tapia, Pilar	Piñeiro-Corbeira, Cristina, Maggs, Christine A., Rindi, Fabio, Bunker, Francis, Baldock, Lin, Díaz-Tapia, Pilar (2020): Molecular assessment of the tribes Streblocladieae and Polysiphonieae (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) in the British Isles reveals new records and species that require taxonomic revision. Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (8): 55-72, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamiealgologie2020v41a8
03E165299971FFD9FF6AA7E788EFF84C.text	03E165299971FFD9FF6AA7E788EFF84C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vertebrata fruticulosa (Wulfen) Kuntze 1891	<div><p>Vertebrata fruticulosa (Wulfen) Kuntze</p> <p>MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION</p> <p>In total 18 rbc L sequences, 16 newly determined, are available for specimens morphologically identified as Vertebrata fruticulosa from the United Kingdom, the Atlantic Iberian Peninsula and the Mediterranean. They were resolved in the rbc L phylogeny (Fig. 2) in a fully supported clade that also included sequences of V.thuyoides (Harvey) Kuntze, V. tripinnata (Harvey) Kuntze, V. subulifera (C.Agardh) Kuntze and V. furcellata (C.Agardh) Kuntze.Within this clade, specimens assigned to V. fruticulosa formed two clades that diverged by 3-3.3% (21-24 bp) and that are labelled in Figure 2 as V. fruticulosa and V. martensiana. Two haplotypes of V. fruticulosa were 0.6% (4 bp) divergent. Specimens of the V. fruticulosa clade were only found in the Mediterranean, including the Adriatic Sea, its type locality. Vertebrata martensiana has a wider distribution including the Adriatic Sea, the Atlantic Iberian Peninsula and the United Kingdom. Two haplotypes were found in the Atlantic and a third one in the Mediterranean and they diverged by 0.3-0.4% (4-6 bp).</p> <p>MORPHOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS</p> <p>Specimens that were initially identified as Vertebrata fruticulosa (Fig. 4) were predominantly erect, attached to the substratum by short prostrate axes that bear rhizoids cut off from the pericentral cells. Thalli were composed of several main axes that bear branches pseudodichotomously at wide angles (&gt;30°) (Fig. 4A, E, I). They were 250-900 in diameter in mid-parts of the thallus. Trichoblasts were absent or scarcely developed. Axes had 8-12 pericentral cells and were corticate (Fig. 4D, H, L). Specimens of the V. fruticulosa and V. martensiana clades can be distinguished by the morphological characters indicated below.</p> <p>Specimens placed in the V. fruticulosa clade had main axes of indeterminate growth that were alternately branched at regular intervals and bore alternate branches of determinate growth (Fig. 4A, B). Determinate branches, in turn, bore 2-3 orders of branches mostly every 3 segments (Fig. 4C) and were 7-9 mm in length. Axes had 11-12 pericentral cells (Fig. 4D).</p> <p>The specimens in the V. martensiana clade had main axes branched at irregular intervals and bore branches of determinate growth (Fig. 4E, F, I, J). Mediterranean specimens had simple or once-branched determinate branches that were 1.5 mm in length (Fig. 4G). Axes had 8-10 pericentral cells (Fig. 4H). Atlantic specimens had determinate branches 3-5 mm in length that were simple or bore up to 2 branching orders (Fig. 4K) and axes with 8-12 pericentral cells (Fig. 4L).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E165299971FFD9FF6AA7E788EFF84C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Piñeiro-Corbeira, Cristina;Maggs, Christine A.;Rindi, Fabio;Bunker, Francis;Baldock, Lin;Díaz-Tapia, Pilar	Piñeiro-Corbeira, Cristina, Maggs, Christine A., Rindi, Fabio, Bunker, Francis, Baldock, Lin, Díaz-Tapia, Pilar (2020): Molecular assessment of the tribes Streblocladieae and Polysiphonieae (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) in the British Isles reveals new records and species that require taxonomic revision. Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (8): 55-72, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamiealgologie2020v41a8
03E16529997EFFD6FF75A6E689CDF8AC.text	03E16529997EFFD6FF75A6E689CDF8AC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vertebrata tripinnata (Harvey) Kuntze	<div><p>Vertebrata tripinnata (Harvey) Kuntze</p> <p>MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION</p> <p>Two new sequences were obtained for specimens from Donegal (Ireland) which were identical to a sequence from Portugal. They diverged by only 0.2-0.8% (1-5 bp) from sequences from northwestern Spain and the Mediterranean. In the rbc L phylogeny Vertebrata tripinnata was placed as sister to V. subulifera with moderate support. Sequence divergence between the two species was 3.8% (Fig. 2).</p> <p>MORPHOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS</p> <p>Thalli forming dense tufts up to 3 cm high, dark red to brown in colour, covering rocky surfaces to ca. 20 cm 2 in extent. Thalli radially organized with indeterminate erect axes becoming decumbent when developing rhizoids in their basal parts (Fig. 5A), forming an extensive system of prostrate interwoven axes and bearing unicellular rhizoids cut off from pericentral cells (Fig. 5B, C). Axes ecorticate with 17-19 pericentral cells (Fig. 5D). Erect axes rigid in texture, alternately branched up to three orders and mostly every six segments. Erect axes 150- 400 (-500) µm in diameter, with segments 0.4-0.8 (-1.75) L/D. Trichoblasts abundantly formed on every segment at the apices of erect axes and branches, dichotomously branched up to five orders (Fig. 5E), with multinucleate cells (Fig. 5F). Trichoblasts deciduous and leaving conspicuous scar cells when shed (Fig. 5G). Reproductive structures not observed.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E16529997EFFD6FF75A6E689CDF8AC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Piñeiro-Corbeira, Cristina;Maggs, Christine A.;Rindi, Fabio;Bunker, Francis;Baldock, Lin;Díaz-Tapia, Pilar	Piñeiro-Corbeira, Cristina, Maggs, Christine A., Rindi, Fabio, Bunker, Francis, Baldock, Lin, Díaz-Tapia, Pilar (2020): Molecular assessment of the tribes Streblocladieae and Polysiphonieae (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) in the British Isles reveals new records and species that require taxonomic revision. Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (8): 55-72, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamiealgologie2020v41a8
03E16529997EFFD7FC4CA465881AF90C.text	03E16529997EFFD7FC4CA465881AF90C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polysiphonia morrowii Harvey 1857	<div><p>Polysiphonia morrowii Harvey</p> <p>MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION</p> <p>In total, 51 rbc L sequences have been published for Polysiphonia morrowii including data from both regions where the species is considered native (eastern Asia) and introduced. Two new sequences have been obtained for specimens from the British Isles: one from Plymouth (England) and one from Alderney (Channel Islands). Overall, the sequences available represent 14 rbc L haplotypes (Fig. 2), with a sequence divergence of up to 0.5% (9 bp). The sequence from Plymouth was identical to specimens from western Asia, Australasia, Pacific and Atlantic South America and Atlantic France, while the sequence from Alderney represents a new haplotype. Polysiphonia morrowii was placed in the phylogeny in a highly supported clade with P. stricta, the generitype (Fig. 2). The nearest neighbour of P. morrowii was P. pacifica (AY958162) from which it diverged by 2.9-3.2%.</p> <p>MORPHOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS</p> <p>Thalli forming tufts, up to 10 cm high, with interwoven prostrate axes and erect axes spirally branched mostly every five segments (Fig. 6A, B). Axes ecorticate and with four pericentral cells. Erect axes growing from sharply pointed apical cells (Fig. 6C), increasing to 40-65 µm in diameter in mid parts; segments 1.2-3.6 L/D. Trichoblasts not observed. Tetrasporangia formed in the last 2-3 branching orders in straight series (Fig. 6D), 20-30 µm in diameter. Sexual reproductive structures were not observed.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E16529997EFFD7FC4CA465881AF90C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Piñeiro-Corbeira, Cristina;Maggs, Christine A.;Rindi, Fabio;Bunker, Francis;Baldock, Lin;Díaz-Tapia, Pilar	Piñeiro-Corbeira, Cristina, Maggs, Christine A., Rindi, Fabio, Bunker, Francis, Baldock, Lin, Díaz-Tapia, Pilar (2020): Molecular assessment of the tribes Streblocladieae and Polysiphonieae (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) in the British Isles reveals new records and species that require taxonomic revision. Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (8): 55-72, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamiealgologie2020v41a8
03E16529997FFFD4FC3EA5C58E0EFAEE.text	03E16529997FFFD4FC3EA5C58E0EFAEE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polysiphonia delicata Díaz-Tapia	<div><p>Polysiphonia delicata Díaz-Tapia</p> <p>MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION</p> <p>In total, 11 sequences have previously been published for Polysiphonia delicata from Spain and Australia, which represent two haplotypes, one found only in Australia and the other in both countries (Fig.2). The newly determined sequence for an English specimen was identical to sequences from Spain and Tasmania. Polysiphonia delicata was placed in the rbc L phylogeny in a highly supported clade with P.stricta (Mertens ex Dillwyn) Greville, the generitype, and eight other species. Polysiphonia delicata was sister to P. radiata Díaz-Tapia, but this relationship received low support (Fig. 2). Divergence between this pair of species was 4.1-4.2%.</p> <p>MORPHOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS</p> <p>Thalli forming discrete tufts, 2 cm high (Fig. 7A), pink in colour and flaccid in texture. Axes ecorticate, with four pericentral cells (Fig. 7B). Prostrate axes bearing unicellular rhizoids in open connection with the pericentral cells (Fig. 7C). Erect axes 80-120 µm in diameter, composed of segments 1.5-3.5 L/D. Trichoblasts absent. Plants dioecious. Mature cystocarps slightly urceolate, 430-650 µm high and 260-400 µm in diameter (Fig. 7D).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E16529997FFFD4FC3EA5C58E0EFAEE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Piñeiro-Corbeira, Cristina;Maggs, Christine A.;Rindi, Fabio;Bunker, Francis;Baldock, Lin;Díaz-Tapia, Pilar	Piñeiro-Corbeira, Cristina, Maggs, Christine A., Rindi, Fabio, Bunker, Francis, Baldock, Lin, Díaz-Tapia, Pilar (2020): Molecular assessment of the tribes Streblocladieae and Polysiphonieae (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) in the British Isles reveals new records and species that require taxonomic revision. Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (8): 55-72, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamiealgologie2020v41a8
03E16529997AFFD2FF2EA2028EFEFDE1.text	03E16529997AFFD2FF2EA2028EFEFDE1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vertebrata martensiana (Pineiro-Corbeira, Maggs & Diaz-Tapia. Ce 2020) Pineiro-Corbeira, Maggs & Diaz-Tapia. Ce 2020	<div><p>Vertebrata martensiana (Kützing) Piñeiro-Corbeira, Maggs &amp; Díaz-Tapia, comb. nov.</p> <p>Polysiphonia martensiana Kützing, Phycologia generalis oder Anatomie, Physiologie und Systemkunde der Tange. Mit 80 farbig gedruckten Tafeln, gezeichnet und gravirt vom Verfasser: 432 (1843) (basionym). — Boergeseniella martensiana (Kützing) Ardré, Portugaliae Acta Biologica, Série B 10: 198 (1970).</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY. — Biarritz. France (Kützing 1843).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E16529997AFFD2FF2EA2028EFEFDE1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Piñeiro-Corbeira, Cristina;Maggs, Christine A.;Rindi, Fabio;Bunker, Francis;Baldock, Lin;Díaz-Tapia, Pilar	Piñeiro-Corbeira, Cristina, Maggs, Christine A., Rindi, Fabio, Bunker, Francis, Baldock, Lin, Díaz-Tapia, Pilar (2020): Molecular assessment of the tribes Streblocladieae and Polysiphonieae (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) in the British Isles reveals new records and species that require taxonomic revision. Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (8): 55-72, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamiealgologie2020v41a8
