identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
511E879FFFE2F052A783F8DF1FE5FEBE.text	511E879FFFE2F052A783F8DF1FE5FEBE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ilytheomyces uncinatus W. Rossi & M. Leonardi 2022	<div><p>111. Ilytheomyces uncinatus W. Rossi &amp; M. Leonardi, sp. nov.</p> <p>(Fig. 1)</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. — Differs from all fifteen previously described species in the same genus for the shape of the hooked pre-apical outgrowth.</p> <p>HOLOTYPE. — Nigeria. Ibadan, 13-24.VI.1977, leg. J. C. Deeming, on the sternites of Zeros fractivirgatus (Lamb) (Diptera, Ephydridae), holo-, FI (WR2357).</p> <p>INDEX FUNGORUM. — IF559552.</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. — From Latin: hooked, because of the shape of the perithecial outgrowth.</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p>Receptacle</p> <p>Basal cell small, hyaline, irregularly shaped, prominent below the base of the appendage, lying side by side with the suprabasal cell, which is somewhat longer and almost wholly opaque.</p> <p>Appendage</p> <p>Relatively short, consisting of a linear series of 7-8 small, blackened cells, the second of which gives rise from its upper, inner angle to a very small, almost hyaline cell bearing distally two large, paired, elongate, brownish antheridia; the third cell bears a short, ramified branch with a few branchlets variably curved and opaque on the inner side; the other cells of the axis producing externally single short branches with recurved and hyaline extremities, which are disorganized in older specimens.</p> <p>Perithecium</p> <p>Stalk cell almost wholly opaque, slightly broader than long, narrower below. The basal cell region distinctly longer than the stalk cell, hyaline, except for a small, dark patch at the base of the secondary stalk cell. Perithecium grayish brown, asymmetrical, with the ventral margin distinctly convex and the dorsal almost straight; the tip very broad, rather abruptly distinguished on the ventral side, which is straight or concave, while the dorsal is slightly convex; the apex rounded and hyaline, subtended by a short, dark, suberect outgrowth ending in a small, paler hook.</p> <p>Measurements</p> <p>Length from foot to perithecial apex 110-125 µm; length from foot to tip of perithecial outgrowth 120-140 µm; appendage 50-60 µm; perithecium 55-65 × 23-30 µm.</p> <p>NOTES</p> <p>The genus Ilytheomyces includes to date 15 species, 11 of which were described from central and south America, 2 from Cameroon, and 2 from Malaysia (Thaxter 1917, 1918, 1931). All the host insects were reported as unidentified species of Ilythea (Diptera, Ephydridae). It must be pointed out that the latter genus has been split and some species have been transferred to the genus Zeros Cresson. The only finding of Ilytheomyces published in the 90 years following Thaxter’s work consists in 4 species reported from Bolivia on Zeros fenestralis (Cresson) (synonym of Ilythea fenestralis Cresson) (Rossi 1998).</p> <p>The new species is easily distinguishable from the other 15 species for the presence and shape of the hooked preapical outgrowth. The only two species previously reported from Africa are I. kamerunensis Thaxt. and I. falcatus Thaxt., both described from Cameroon. The first is further distinguished for the “monstrously developed basal cell region” and the very long outgrowth, the latter for its “strongly incurved” thallus and the absence of the preapical outgrowth (words in quotes are the same utilized by Thaxter 1931).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/511E879FFFE2F052A783F8DF1FE5FEBE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buyck, Bart;Eyssartier, Guillaume;Armada, François;Corrales, Adriana;Hembrom, Manoj Emanuel;Rossi, Walter;Bellanger, Jean-Michel;Das, Kanad;Dima, Bálint;Ghosh, Aniket	Buyck, Bart, Eyssartier, Guillaume, Armada, François, Corrales, Adriana, Hembrom, Manoj Emanuel, Rossi, Walter, Bellanger, Jean-Michel, Das, Kanad, Dima, Bálint, Ghosh, Aniket (2022): Fungal biodiversity profiles 111 - 120. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (2): 23-61, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a2
511E879FFFE3F05FA7E9FDBB1E98F9C2.text	511E879FFFE3F05FA7E9FDBB1E98F9C2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Entoloma aurantioalpinum Armada, Vila, Bellanger, Noordel., Krisai & Dima 2022	<div><p>112. Entoloma aurantioalpinum Armada, Vila, Bellanger, Noordel., Krisai &amp; Dima, sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 2-4)</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. — Macromorphologically similar to Entoloma formosum and E. xanthochroum, two widespread, not strictly alpine species in Europe that occur in lowlands and montane regions, and differ from this E. aurantioalpinum sp. nov. by their more distinctly translucently striate pileus, and furthermore, E. xanthochroum has a coloured lamella edge.</p> <p>HOLOTYPE. — France. Savoie, Peisey-Nancroix, GR5 route du lac de la Plagne, 2050 m. alt., leg. F. Armada, 25.VIII.2018, holo-, LY (FA 4336).</p> <p>MYCOBANK. — MB 840117.</p> <p>GENBANK. — MZ198885 (ITS holotype).</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. — From aureus (golden) referring to the color of the pileus, and alpinus for growing in an alpine environment.</p> <p>ADDITIONAL MATERIAL STUDIED. — France. Savoie, Peisey-Nancroix, GR5 route du lac de la Plagne, 2050 m alt, leg. F. Armada, 23.VIII.2018, LY(FA 4334), ITS[MZ198882].</p> <p>Italy. Busa de Tasca (Dolomiti), leg. E. Bizio, 23.VIII.2009, Bizio-23082009i2 L [L-0607578], ITS [MZ 468144]; Trentino-Alto Adige, Passo dello Stelvio/Stilfser Joch, near Berghotel Franzenshöhe, alpine grassland with Dryas and Salix spp., 2200 m alt., leg. B. Dima, 30.VII.2018, ELTE (DB 2018-07- 30-4), ITS [MZ 468145].</p> <p>Austria. Kärnten, Völkermarkt, Eisenkappel: Vellacher Kotschna, 46°22’30”N, 14°32’30”E, mapping grid square 9653/1, alpine grassland, Caricetum firmae, Salix reticulata, calcareous soil, 1500 m s.m., leg. A. Hausknecht, M. E. Noordeloos, M. Meusers, I. Krisai-Greilhuber, and members of the Austrian Mycological Society, 9.IX.1998, WU-Mykol 18644, ITS [MZ 467302] — Niederösterreich, Lilienfeld, St. Aegyd am Neuwalde: Krumbach, Krumbachsattel, 47°48’33.66”N, 15°25’54.85”E, mapping grid square, 8158/4d, altitude 1200 m s.m., alpine grassland, calcareous soil, leg. A. Hausknecht, 6.IX.2006, WU-Mykol 0026678, ITS [MZ 467303].</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p>Pileus</p> <p>15-25 mm, conico-convex, often truncate or with slight umbilicus, with involute then more or less straight margin, at first uniformly orange-yellow to yellow orange towards margin, not or only weakly translucently striate, finely granulose to subsquamulose all over, particularly at center, glabrescent with age.</p> <p>Lamellae</p> <p>Rather crowded, adnate, thin, ventricose, up to 4 mm broad, sometimes a few forked, white then pink, with entire, concolorous edge.</p> <p>Stipe</p> <p>29-43 × 2.5-4 mm, slender, cylindrical or with longitudinal groove, very brittle, with subbulbous base, pale orange, contrasting with pileus, polished or with a few longitudinal innate fibrils, with white basal mycelium.</p> <p>Context</p> <p>Very thin and brittle, concolorous with surface.</p> <p>Odour</p> <p>Indistinct.</p> <p>Taste</p> <p>Mild.</p> <p>Basidiospores</p> <p>9.5-12 × (6.5)7.3-8.0(8.5) µm, average 10.3-10.8 × 8.0- 8.3 µm, Q = 1.2-1.7, Qav = 1.45, 6-7 angled in side view.</p> <p>Lamella edge</p> <p>Heterogeneous to almost sterile, made up of dense clusters of cheilocystidia.</p> <p>Cheilocystidia</p> <p>40-65 × 10-14 µm, subcylindrical to clavate or broadly clavate.</p> <p>Pileipellis</p> <p>A cutis with transitions to a trichoderm at centre, made up of clavate terminal elements, 10-25 µm wide, with brownish yellow, intracellular pigment.</p> <p>Clamp-connections</p> <p>Absent.</p> <p>Habitat</p> <p>Terrestrial in alpine heaths amongst either Dryas octopetala or Salix species (S. retusa, S. hastata, S. reticulata), and herbs like Polygonum viviparum, and Alchemilla pentaphyllea, on calcareous bedrock.</p> <p>Distribution</p> <p>Rare, but probably widespread in the Alps in Austria, France, and Italy.</p> <p>NOTES</p> <p>Entoloma aurantioalpinum sp. nov. belongs to the diversified E. sarcitulum clade (Fig. 2), and clusters with two other so far unnamed alpine species. The macromorphologically similar Entoloma formosum and E. xanthochroum are widespread species in Europe, occurring in lowlands and montane regions, but not strictly alpine. Both differ from E. aurantioalpinum sp. nov. by the more distinctly translucently striate pileus, and furthermore, E. xanthochroum has a coloured lamella edge.</p> <p>The holotype of E. aurantioalpinum sp. nov. has, in addition to the intracellular pigment, also some slightly incrusted hyphae, but this has not been observed in the other collections of this species. Incrusting pigments are exceptional in Cyanula.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/511E879FFFE3F05FA7E9FDBB1E98F9C2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buyck, Bart;Eyssartier, Guillaume;Armada, François;Corrales, Adriana;Hembrom, Manoj Emanuel;Rossi, Walter;Bellanger, Jean-Michel;Das, Kanad;Dima, Bálint;Ghosh, Aniket	Buyck, Bart, Eyssartier, Guillaume, Armada, François, Corrales, Adriana, Hembrom, Manoj Emanuel, Rossi, Walter, Bellanger, Jean-Michel, Das, Kanad, Dima, Bálint, Ghosh, Aniket (2022): Fungal biodiversity profiles 111 - 120. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (2): 23-61, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a2
511E879FFFEEF05CA79FF99E1836F983.text	511E879FFFEEF05CA79FF99E1836F983.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Entoloma nigroflavescens Armada, Bellanger, Noordel. & Dima 2022	<div><p>113. Entoloma nigroflavescens Armada, Bellanger, Noordel. &amp; Dima, sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 2; 5; 6)</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. — Entoloma nigroflavescens Armada, Bellanger, Noordel. &amp; Dima, sp. nov. can be distinguished from E. turci, which frequently occurs in similar habitats, by the finely roughened, innately fibrillose stipe, the absence of red staining at stipe base, and the absence of cheilocystidia.</p> <p>HOLOTYPE. — France. Savoie, Bourg-Saint-Maurice, Arc 2000, secteur du lac Marlou, 2500 m alt., leg. F. Armada, 21.VIII.2018, holo-, LY (FA 4277).</p> <p>MYCOBANK. — MB 840118.</p> <p>GENBANK. — MZ198884 (ITS holotype).</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. — Nigrus for black and flavescens for yellowing, referring to the colour and colour change of the pileus.</p> <p>ADDITIONAL MATERIAL STUDIED. — France. Savoie, Peisey-Nancroix, secteur du col de la Chal, 2500 m alt., leg. F. &amp; E. Armada, 17.VIII.2010, LY(FA 1726), ITS[MZ198883].</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p>Pileus</p> <p>9-22 mm, convex to plano-convex, with slightly inflexed margin, very variably shaped, sometimes umbilicate, with a small central umbo, or with irregular, undulating margin, not hygrophanous, not translucently striate, entirely very dark blackish brown to sepia brown at first, later on more yellow brown at margin, finally most of the pileus yellow brown with dark brownishblack centre; entirely rugose-tomentose to rimulose-fibrillose at first, breaking up in appressed squamules all over with age.</p> <p>Lamellae</p> <p>Rather distant, adnate-emarginate, thin or somewhat thick, ventricose, up to 3.5 mm broad, frequently intervenose, sordid white to greyish white, then sordid pinkish brown with an entire, thickened, concolorous edge.</p> <p>Stipe</p> <p>16-38 × 1.5-3.5 mm, equal, cylindrical, straight or curved, early fistulose, almost white when young, then beige-yellowish to pale yellow brown, minutely pruinose/punctate when young, glabrescent, never strictly polished but with fine, innate fibrils, base attenuate or slightly enlarged, slightly white tomentose, no reddening observed.</p> <p>Context</p> <p>Very thin, fragile, concolorous with surface, white inside, not reddening.</p> <p>Odour</p> <p>Weak or vaguely farinaceous.</p> <p>Taste</p> <p>None.</p> <p>Basidiospores</p> <p>(9)10.5-12.5 × (6.7)7.0-8.5(9) µm, heterodiametrical, irregularly 7-8(9) angled, sometimes almost nodulose.</p> <p>Basidia</p> <p>36-45 × 11.5-13 µm, 4-spored.</p> <p>Cheilocystidia</p> <p>Absent, lamella edge fertile.</p> <p>Pileipellis</p> <p>A cutis with transitions to a trichoderm, with clavate terminal elements, 30-90 × 13-24 µm. Pigment brown, intracellular.</p> <p>Clamp-connections</p> <p>Absent.</p> <p>Habitat</p> <p>In alpine zone, on mossy soil amongst Salix herbacea, Polygonum viviparum, and Alchemilla pentaphyllea.</p> <p>Distribution</p> <p>Known from two different localities in the French Alps.</p> <p>NOTES</p> <p>Entoloma nigroflavescens sp. nov. is a remarkable species with its dark, blackish brown basidiomata, which develop yellow tinges when maturing, and the fertile lamella edge without cystidia. In the ITS phylogeny it is a sister species to E. perasprellum, a recently described new species from the Alps, with a blue, polished stipe, reminiscent of E. asprellum (Dima et al. 2021). Entoloma nigroflavescens sp. nov. can be distinguished from E. turci which frequently occurs in similar habitats, by the finely roughened, innately fibrillose stipe, the absence of red staining at stipe base, and the absence of cheilocystidia.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/511E879FFFEEF05CA79FF99E1836F983	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buyck, Bart;Eyssartier, Guillaume;Armada, François;Corrales, Adriana;Hembrom, Manoj Emanuel;Rossi, Walter;Bellanger, Jean-Michel;Das, Kanad;Dima, Bálint;Ghosh, Aniket	Buyck, Bart, Eyssartier, Guillaume, Armada, François, Corrales, Adriana, Hembrom, Manoj Emanuel, Rossi, Walter, Bellanger, Jean-Michel, Das, Kanad, Dima, Bálint, Ghosh, Aniket (2022): Fungal biodiversity profiles 111 - 120. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (2): 23-61, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a2
511E879FFFEDF05AA485F89F18CAFEBE.text	511E879FFFEDF05AA485F89F18CAFEBE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Inocybe hebes Eyssart. & Buyck 2022	<div><p>114. Inocybe hebes Eyssart. &amp; Buyck, sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 7; 8)</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. — Resembles Inosperma curvipes, but differs from it in its association with trees from the African miombo woodland, its more vivid brown colours, non spermatic smell, and lageniform often subcapitate cystidia.</p> <p>HOLOTYPE. — Zambia. Near Lusaka, gregarious in miombo woodland, 10.II.1996, Eyssartier 96110, (holo-, P[PC0088772]).</p> <p>INDEX FUNGORUM. — IF558792.</p> <p>GENBANK. — JN974997 (LSU).</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. — Named after the general form of the cap, from the latin adjective hebes, “blunt, obtuse”.</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p>Pileus</p> <p>Measuring12-20(25) mm in diam., obtuse conico-campanulate then plano-convex to plane, ochraceous-blond, ochraceous beige to dull brown, sometimes darker at the top, fibrillose to coarsely fibrillose, sometimes with erected squamules around the centre.</p> <p>Lamellae</p> <p>Subhorizontal, not very close to quite distant, (1.5)2-3(4) mm broad, emarginate, pale beige then ochraceous brown, with very slightly pruinose edges.</p> <p>Stipe</p> <p>20-35(40) × 2-3 mm, slightly broadened at the base up to 5-7 mm, seldom cylindrical but never bulbous, pale beige sometimes with pinkish tinges at the tip, then brownish to dirty brown in the older stages, not pruinose or very finely just under the lamellae.</p> <p>Flesh</p> <p>Pale,sometimes with pinkish tinges in- the upper part of the stipe.</p> <p>Odor</p> <p>Particular, of fresh bread or brioche, sometimes honey-like.</p> <p>Taste</p> <p>Mild.</p> <p>Spores</p> <p>Nodulose, with 5-6(7) obtuse swellings, (7)8-9(10) × (5.5) 6-7(7.5) µm.</p> <p>Paracystidia</p> <p>Clavate, small, 15-25 × 8-10 µm.</p> <p>Cheilocystidia</p> <p>Lageniform often subcapitate, without or with few crystals, (40)45-55(60) × (10)13-15(18)µm, with thickened walls up to 2-3 µm, hyaline in 10% ammonia.</p> <p>Pleurocystidia</p> <p>Cheilocystidia-like, but slightly bigger, up to 75(90)µm long.</p> <p>Pileipellis</p> <p>A cutis of relatively broad hyphae, (5)8-12(15) µm. Pigment incrusting.</p> <p>Clamp-connections</p> <p>Present in all parts.</p> <p>NOTES</p> <p>The LSU sequence of our species was part of phylogenetic analyses presented in Ryberg &amp; Matheny (2012) but its systematic position was not discussed. As far as we are aware, it is not mentioned in any other publication so far. nBLAST of this sequence does not suggest high similarities with other African species, although the most similar sequence (96.7% for 99 % coverage) is obtained from another Inocybe from African miombo woodlands: our still unpublished I. subfuscescentipes nom. prov. Inocybe curvipes P. Karst., a species described from Finland but now widely distributed throughout the world (Bougher &amp; Matheny 2011), resembles it in a number of ways, notably in its browning stipe and spore shape, but has more vivid brown colours, spermatic smell, cylindrical or slightly swollen stipe and larger cystidia, broadly fusiform and noticeably tapered towards the apex; in addition, Inocybe curvipes associates with introduced Quercus or Pinus radiata, and also possibly Salix.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/511E879FFFEDF05AA485F89F18CAFEBE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buyck, Bart;Eyssartier, Guillaume;Armada, François;Corrales, Adriana;Hembrom, Manoj Emanuel;Rossi, Walter;Bellanger, Jean-Michel;Das, Kanad;Dima, Bálint;Ghosh, Aniket	Buyck, Bart, Eyssartier, Guillaume, Armada, François, Corrales, Adriana, Hembrom, Manoj Emanuel, Rossi, Walter, Bellanger, Jean-Michel, Das, Kanad, Dima, Bálint, Ghosh, Aniket (2022): Fungal biodiversity profiles 111 - 120. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (2): 23-61, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a2
511E879FFFEBF058A051FE7B1900FB01.text	511E879FFFEBF058A051FE7B1900FB01.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Inocybe media Eyssart. & Buyck 2022	<div><p>115. Inocybe media Eyssart. &amp; Buyck, sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 9; 10)</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. — Differs from other species of the asterospora - pileosulcata clade in its smooth or irregularly angled spores, and its habitat corresponding to the African miombo woodlands.</p> <p>HOLOTYPE. — Zambia. Along Luanshya-Ibenga road, gregarious in very young miombo woodland with Uapaca pilosa and U. kirkiana, 3.II.1996, Eyssartier 96083, BB 96.285 (holo-, P [PC0088770]).</p> <p>INDEX FUNGORUM. — IF578795.</p> <p>GENBANK. — EU600884 (LSU).</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. — Name formed by reference to the shape of the spores, intermediate between the smooth and the gibbous type, form the latin media, “intermediate, which is between two”.</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p>Pileus</p> <p>Measuring 15-20 mm in diam., conico-campanulate with a large obtuse umbo that is pruinose from a white veil, clear ochraceous beige, pale beige brown with a reddish brown tinge or honey, even at the centre, towards the margin fibrillose, sometimes a little bit rimose.</p> <p>Lamellae</p> <p>Ascendant, 2-3 mm broad, emarginate, quite close, a pale beige ochraceous with white edges.</p> <p>Stipe</p> <p>30-40 × 2-3 mm, sometimes flexuous, bulbous marginate (up to 4.5-6 mm), pale beige, white beige, pruinose lenghtwise.</p> <p>Context</p> <p>White in the pileus and the base of the stipe, subconcolorous in the stipe.</p> <p>Smell</p> <p>Very faint.</p> <p>Taste</p> <p>A little bit herbaceous.</p> <p>Spores</p> <p>Of particular shape, smooth or irregularly angled with few inconspicuous nodules, intermediate between the smooth and the gibbose types, (8)9-12(13) × (5)5.5-6.5(7) µm.</p> <p>Basidia</p> <p>Clavate, 4(2)-spored, 25-30 × 8-10 µm.</p> <p>Paracystidia</p> <p>Clavate, (13)15-20(25) × 7-8(10) µm.</p> <p>Hymenial cystidia</p> <p>Very similar on sides and edge of gills, lageniform to broadly lageniform, (45)50-60(65) × 15-20(25) µm, with very thickened walls, (2)3-4 µm, up to 5 µm in the upper part; colourless or almost so in 10 % ammonia.</p> <p>Pileipellis</p> <p>A cutis of subcylindrical or slightly inflated hyphae, 3-8 µm broad, broadened to 12-15 µm towards the underlying layer. Pigment brown yellowish, distinctly incrusting.</p> <p>Clamp connections</p> <p>Present in all parts.</p> <p>NOTES</p> <p>Although only a LSU sequence has been published for Inocybe media sp. nov., the species was part of multigene phylogenetic analyses (Matheny et al. 2009) where it is placed in a terminal clade with I. pileosulcata E. Horak, Matheny &amp; Desjardin from Thailand, and with the European I. napipes J. E. Lange (Horak et al. 2015). Inocybe pileosulcata is associated with Dipterocarpus and is morphologically similar to the European Inocybe asterospora Quél., with which it was once confused (Horak 1979) and both species probably belongs to the same clade. All the abovementioned Inocybe have clearly gibbose spores with prominent knobs: Inocybe media sp. nov. is thus distinguished by its singular spores, of intermediate form between the smooth and gibbose type.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/511E879FFFEBF058A051FE7B1900FB01	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buyck, Bart;Eyssartier, Guillaume;Armada, François;Corrales, Adriana;Hembrom, Manoj Emanuel;Rossi, Walter;Bellanger, Jean-Michel;Das, Kanad;Dima, Bálint;Ghosh, Aniket	Buyck, Bart, Eyssartier, Guillaume, Armada, François, Corrales, Adriana, Hembrom, Manoj Emanuel, Rossi, Walter, Bellanger, Jean-Michel, Das, Kanad, Dima, Bálint, Ghosh, Aniket (2022): Fungal biodiversity profiles 111 - 120. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (2): 23-61, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a2
511E879FFFE9F046A517FADE1AB5FD5F.text	511E879FFFE9F046A517FADE1AB5FD5F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Inocybe leucophaea Eyssart. & Buyck 2022	<div><p>116. Inocybe leucophaea Eyssart. &amp; Buyck, sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 11; 12)</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. — Differs from Inocybe subclavata in its larger spores with less prominent knobs, its distinctly thicker-walled cystidia and its association with trees from the African miombo woodland.</p> <p>HOLOTYPE. — Zambia. Near Lusaka, gregarious, in strongly degraded miombo woodland, 08.II.1996, Eyssartier 96095 (holo-, P [PC0088783]).</p> <p>INDEX FUNGORUM. — IF558793.</p> <p>GENBANK. — EU569860 (LSU), EU569859 (rpb 1).</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. — Named after the general colors of the basidiomata, from ancient greek leukos, “white”, and phaios, “dusky”.</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p>Pileus</p> <p>Measuring (8)12-20(30) mm in diam., conical obtuse with inflexed margin or conico-campanulate, often with a broad umbo topped by another very small and obtuse one, sometimes totally absent, the young very pale by a white veil, sometimes greyish, then the margin becomes beige, slightly ochraceous but always pale, even in the young stages, soon fibrillose slightly rimose towards the margin, which is a little bit incised and paler by the veil.</p> <p>Lamellae</p> <p>Quite close, (1.5) 2-3 mm broad, emarginate, white in the young stages then ocraceous greyish, ocraceous beige, quite pale.</p> <p>Stipe</p> <p>35-60(65) × 3-4(6) mm, bulbous, marginate, whitish, pale beige to straw-yellow, pruinose.</p> <p>Flesh</p> <p>Pale, whitish.</p> <p>Odor</p> <p>Slightly honey-like.</p> <p>Taste</p> <p>Mild, slightly herbaceous.</p> <p>Spores</p> <p>Nodulose, with (6)7-8(9) obtuse swellings, (7)8-9(10.5)× (5)6- 7(8) µm, few spores quite larger, up to 12-14 × 8-9 µm (possibly from 2-spored basidia?).</p> <p>Basidia</p> <p>4-spored, clavate, (18)20-25 × 8-9 µm.</p> <p>Paracystidia</p> <p>Clavate, small, 15-20 × 8-9 (10) µm.</p> <p>Cheilocystidia</p> <p>Pyriform with a very obtuse base, or broadly lageniform, with very thickened walls, up to 4 (-4.5) µm, very slightly coloured in 10 % ammonia.</p> <p>Pleurocystidia</p> <p>Similar to cheilocystidia.</p> <p>Pileipellis</p> <p>A cutis of cylindrical hyphae, (3)5-7(10) µm broad, without clear pigment, very slightly incrusted.</p> <p>Clamp connections</p> <p>Present in all parts.</p> <p>NOTES</p> <p>Inocybe leucophaea sp. nov. was part of the multigene phylogenetic analyses published by Matheny et al. (2009) where it was part of a highly supported African clade together with two other species collected by us: I. glaucodisca Buyck &amp; Eyssart. (Buyck &amp; Eyssartier 1999) for which the LSU sequence is 98.2% similar for 100 % coverage, while it was placed sister to I. densifolia nom. prov. (similarity 99 % for 100 % coverage). This African clade was placed sister with high support to a neotropical clade composed of I. antillana Pegler and I. xerophytica Pegler (see Pegler 1983). The phylogenetic analyses based on LSU sequences in Horak et al. (2015) still grouped with high support I. glaucodisca, I. densifolia nom. prov. and I. leucophaea sp. nov., but lacked support for the deeper nodes that suggested close affinities with other Inocybe from the African miombo woodlands such as I. conspicuospora Buyck &amp; Eyssart or the still undescribed I. velatorimosa nom. prov. Inocybe subclavata (E. Horak) Garrido closely resembles Inocybe leucophaea sp. nov., particularly in general habit, colour and presence of an abundant veil, but differs in its marginate stipe, and the smaller spores with less numerous and more prominent knobs, its distinctly thinnerwalled cystidia and the association with Nothofagus in New Zealand (Horak 2018).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/511E879FFFE9F046A517FADE1AB5FD5F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buyck, Bart;Eyssartier, Guillaume;Armada, François;Corrales, Adriana;Hembrom, Manoj Emanuel;Rossi, Walter;Bellanger, Jean-Michel;Das, Kanad;Dima, Bálint;Ghosh, Aniket	Buyck, Bart, Eyssartier, Guillaume, Armada, François, Corrales, Adriana, Hembrom, Manoj Emanuel, Rossi, Walter, Bellanger, Jean-Michel, Das, Kanad, Dima, Bálint, Ghosh, Aniket (2022): Fungal biodiversity profiles 111 - 120. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (2): 23-61, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a2
511E879FFFF7F041A51CFC981A3AFD5F.text	511E879FFFF7F041A51CFC981A3AFD5F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phaeolus sharmae MOTS CLES Hembrom, A. Parihar, K. Das & A. Ghosh 2022	<div><p>117. Phaeolus sharmae Hembrom, A. Parihar, K. Das &amp; A. Ghosh, sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 13-15)</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. — Differs from other Phaeolus by its habitat as it grows in the upper part of its host tree Abies densa Griff. at high altitude in the Himalayas, also by its basidiomata with pinkish orange tainted hymenophore when young, duplex context, larger basidia (16- 53 × 7-12 µm) and basidiospores (6-11 × 6-7.8 µm).</p> <p>HOLOTYPE. — India. Sikkim, North district, Yumthang <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.70966&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.781445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.70966/lat 27.781445)">valley</a> Shingba Rhododendron sanctuary, attached to the bark of a living tree trunk of A. densa Griff., 3470 m, 27°46’53.2”N, 88°42’34.8”E, 19.VII.2019, K. Das &amp; M. E. Hembrom, KMA-19-014 (holo-, CAL [CAL1843]!).</p> <p>MYCOBANK. — MB 840191.</p> <p>GENBANK. — MT762941 (nrITS, holotype), MT762940 (nrITS, paratype); MT764209 (nrLSU, holotype), MT764236 (nrLSU, paratype).</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. — Named in honour of J. R. Sharma for his contribution to Indian macrofungi.</p> <p>ADDITIONAL MATERIAL STUDIED. — India. Sikkim, North district, Dombang valley, on living tree trunk of A. densa Griff. attached to bark, 3540 m, 27°46’06.2”N, 88°48’21.3”E, 20.VII.2019, K. Das, M. E. Hembrom &amp; A. Parihar, KMA-19-026 (CAL 1844).</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p>Basidiomata</p> <p>Annual, lignicolous, narrowly and loosely attached to host, single or imbricate, up to 100 mm broad, 150 mm wide and 20-50 mm thick, spongiose watery to leathery and heavy when fresh, rigid to brittle and lightweight when dry.</p> <p>Pileus</p> <p>70-190 × 70-320 mm, 8-20 mm thick near base, sessile, spathulate to applanate when young, then gradually becoming semicircular to almost dimidiate; upper surface covered with dense hispid hairs forming a thick tomentum in actively growing regions, glabrous and rough in older parts, concentrically zonate, weakly sulcate, mustard yellow to olive yellow (3B6-C7) when young, turning light brown to brown (7D5- E6) when mature; finally, becoming pale reddish brown to blackish with age.</p> <p>Margin</p> <p>Sterile, up to 3 mm wide, acute to obtuse, entire to more or less undulating, sometimes forming narrow lobes, distinctly incurved when dry, lemon yellow or yellowish when actively growing, turning concolorous to pileus surface at maturity.</p> <p>Hymenophore</p> <p>Poroid to irpicoid to often daedaleoid near base; pores 1-2 per mm, often widening up to 3-4 mm in mature parts while staying minute towards pileus margin, glancing, pinkish orange to ochraceous orange when young, then gradually changing into almost yellowish brown to sulphur yellow, finally becoming darker coffee brown with age, turning charcoal black when bruised.</p> <p>Context</p> <p>5-10 mm wide, divided in a compact lower and loose upper partthat are not separated by a black demarcation line, spongy to cheese-like when fresh, often fibrillose, becoming hard and brittle on drying, light brown to brown (7D5-E6) to dark reddish brown in the lower compact part, upper loose part and tomentum light brown (7D4-6).</p> <p>Tubes</p> <p>3-10 mm long, distinct from context, yellowish brown or concolorous with the context, brittle on drying, orange to dark blonde (5C5-D4) when young, then turning brown to dark brown (7E3-F4) when mature; dissepiments thin, entire to lacerate.</p> <p>Hyphal system of context</p> <p>Monomitic, generative hyphae 3-15 µm wide, simple septate, frequently to occasionally branched, thin- to thick-walled (&lt;1.5 µm), hyaline or pale yellowish to dark brownish, becoming collapsed when old; walls smooth or sometimes with crystal deposits.</p> <p>Hymenophoral trama</p> <p>Composed of parallel and compactly arranged, thin- (mostly) to moderately thick-walled generative hyphae mixed with submerged gloeocystidial hyphae; generative hyphae 2-6 µm wide; submerged gloeocystidial hyphae 40-105 × 4-10 µm, septate, unbranched (mostly) to rarely branched, thin-walled, smooth, pale coffee brown to dark brown, filled with dense cytoplasmic contents.</p> <p>Hymenial gloeocystidia</p> <p>Measuring 10-105 × 4-15 µm, clavate to cylindrical, irregularly capitate, thin- to moderately thick-walled, smooth, projected up to 55 µm beyond hymenial layer, filled with dense pale yellowish contents before becoming empty in older specimens.</p> <p>Basidia</p> <p>16-53 × 7-12 µm, clavate to pedicellate-clavate, thin-walled, smooth, 4-spored; sterigmata 6-8 µm long, hyaline.</p> <p>Basidiospores</p> <p>6-(8.97)-11 × 6-(6.75)-7.8 µm, Q = 1-(1.32)-1.57, ellipsoid to ovoid, thin-walled, smooth, distinctly apiculate, hyaline, acyanophilic, inamyloid.</p> <p>NOTES</p> <p>During fungal forays to the North district of Sikkim in 2018 and 2019, three of us (KD, MEH and AP) repeatedly came across populations of an unknown species growing on bark of standing trees of Abies densa. This species is quite distinct based on phylogenetic analyses including obtained ITS &amp; LSU sequences that place it sister to Phaeolus schweinitzii, a species widely distributed in the northern hemisphere (Gilbertson &amp; Ryvarden 1987; Ryvarden &amp; Gilbertson 1994; Núñez &amp; Ryvarden 2001; Sharma 2012; Prasher 2015).</p> <p>Within Polyporales, species of Phaeolus (Pat.) Pat. are easily confused with various xanthochoric polypores but the genus is phylogenetically distinct and causes a brown rot. Within family Laetiporaceae, Phaeolus can be separated from Laetiporus Murrill and Wolfiporia Ryvarden &amp; Gilb. because these lack gloeoplerous elements. Also Inonotus hispidus (Bull.) P. Karst., which lacks hymenial setae and forms lightweight, brittle basidiocarps with a strongly hispid pileus surface and large hymenial pores, may resemble our species in the field. Yet, it equally lacks gloeoplerous elements in context and hymenium.</p> <p>Phaeolus harbours six species, half of these described by Patouillard, from which P. sharmae sp. nov. can be distinguished by its combination of having broadly attached basidiomata with rough pilear surface forming irregular papillae, a shiny pinkish orange young hymenophore and larger basidia and basidiospores. Berkley’s (1845), Léveillé’s (1844) and Patouillard’s (1900) descriptions for P. tabulaeformis (Berk.) Pat., P. javanicus (Pat.) Henn., and the description of P. rigidus (Lév.) Pat. lack microscopic details to compare these with our species. Moreover, P. tabulaeformis has been considered as synonym of P. schweinitzii (Overholts 1953; Bakshi 1971). The African Phaeolus manihotis R. Heim has stipitate (6-7 × 3-4 mm) basidiomata and minute basidia (11-14 × 6-8 µm) and smaller spores (5.5-7 × 3.2-4.3µm) (Heim 1931). The medium sized (up to 60 × 50 × 10 mm), laterally stipitate (40 × 20 mm) basidiomata with whitish yellow context and smaller basidiospores (5-6 × 4-4.3 µm) of P. amazonica M. A. De Jesus &amp; Ryvarden (De Jesus &amp; Ryvarden 2010) separate it from our novel species, while P. subbulbipes (Henn.) O. Fidalgo &amp; M. Fidalgo possesses much smaller spores (3.5-4 µm).</p> <p>In our combined (nrITS+nrLSU) phylogenetic analysis (Fig. 1), our species appeared as sister to the American, European and Asian samples of P. schweinitzii (Fr.) Pat. But P. sharmae sp. nov. always occupies upper parts of living tree trunks and branches rather than growing on the ground or on bases of trees as found in P. schweinitzii (Overholts 1953; Gilbertson &amp; Ryvarden 1987; Zhao &amp; Zhang 1992; Sharma 2012). The distinctly shiny pinkish orange hymenophore that changes on bruising, observed in young specimens of our species, is also worth mentioning, along with its non-decurrent tubes attached to a duplex context, thus clearly distinguishing it from P. schweinitzii (Overholts 1953; Ryvarden &amp; Gilbertson 1994; Sharma 2012; Ryvarden &amp; Melo 2014) where context is homogeneous and continuous with tube layer. Microscopically, the larger basidiospores (6-11 × 6-7.8 µm) and basidia (16-53 × 7-12 µm) distinguish our species from P.schweinitzii (usually with spores 5.5-9 × 2-5.6 µm and basidia 20-30 × 6-8 µm) known from India and abroad (Overholts 1953; Bakshi 1971; Ryvarden &amp; Johansen 1980; Gilbertson &amp; Ryvarden 1987; Zhao &amp; Zhang 1992; Ryvarden &amp; Gilbertson 1994; Sharma 2012; Ryvarden &amp; Melo 2014). Another Indian report of P. schweinitzii made by Prasher (2015) from Shimla Himachal Pradesh should be recollected and re-examined under the light of phylogenetic estimations as sizes of basidiospores (6-11.5 × 4-6.8 µm) and clavate basidia (12.4-15.3 × 5-6.8 µm) are deviating from report of similar kind of standard Indian and extralimital materials (Overholts 1953; Bakshi 1971; Ryvarden &amp; Johansen 1980; Gilbertson &amp; Ryvarden 1987; Zhao &amp; Zhang 1992; Ryvarden &amp; Gilbertson 1994; Sharma 2012; Ryvarden &amp; Melo 2014).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/511E879FFFF7F041A51CFC981A3AFD5F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buyck, Bart;Eyssartier, Guillaume;Armada, François;Corrales, Adriana;Hembrom, Manoj Emanuel;Rossi, Walter;Bellanger, Jean-Michel;Das, Kanad;Dima, Bálint;Ghosh, Aniket	Buyck, Bart, Eyssartier, Guillaume, Armada, François, Corrales, Adriana, Hembrom, Manoj Emanuel, Rossi, Walter, Bellanger, Jean-Michel, Das, Kanad, Dima, Bálint, Ghosh, Aniket (2022): Fungal biodiversity profiles 111 - 120. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (2): 23-61, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a2
511E879FFFF0F04FA510FCB81F96F823.text	511E879FFFF0F04FA510FCB81F96F823.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Russula ferruginea Corrales & Vera 2022	<div><p>118. Russula ferruginea Corrales &amp; Vera, sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 16A; 17-20)</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. — R. ferruginea sp. nov. differs from the European R. praetervisa Sarnari or the North American R. amerorecondita Avis &amp; Barajas in the combination of the relatively delicate stature, dark brown pileus centre contrasting to its pale yellowish brown margin, almost mild taste and especially its conspicuous color change from light brown to reddish brown or rusty on wounded places especially apparent on the stipe base and the lamellae. It is defined also by combination of narrow hymenial cystidia up to 8 µm and spores with warts connected by fusions and short fine lines.</p> <p>HOLOTYPE. — Colombia. Cundimarca Depart., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.304726&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.606111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.304726/lat 4.606111)">Mosquera</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.304726&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.606111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.304726/lat 4.606111)">Chicaque Natural Reserve</a>, 4°36’22”N, 74°18’17”W, alt. 2130 m, in forest dominated by Quercus humboltii, terrestrial, 17.X.2019, A. Corrales 944 (HUA, SAV).</p> <p>MYCOBANK. — MB 841769.</p> <p>GENBANK. — MZ604288 (ITS), MZ604283 (nrLSU), MZ553923 (rpb2), MZ553926 (tef1 α), all from holotype.</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. — The name refers to reddish spots on the base of the stipe and colour change of the wounded context from light brown to reddish brown, resembling iron rusting.</p> <p>ADDITIONAL MATERIAL STUDIED. — Colombia. Cundimarca Depart., Mosquera, Chicaque Natural Reserve, 4°36’22”N, 74°18’17”W, alt. 2130 m, in forest dominated by Quercus humboltii, terrestrial, multiple collections of different mycelia distant approximately hundred meters apart, 17.X.2019, A. Corrales 914, A. Corrales 935, A. Corrales 1019 (all deposited in HUA).</p> <p>SPECIMENS STUDIED FOR COMPARISON. — Russula austromontana (Singer B 12402 (F), holotype); Russula cf. austromontana / crucensis: Costa Rica, 3.5 km W of Empalme, 2200 m asl., in montane Quercus seemannii forest, 2.VI.2001, leg. B. Buyck, BB 01.023 (PC); ± 5 km SW of Cerro de la Muerte, Albergue de la Montana, Savegre, 2200 m asl., in montane Quercus seemannii forest, 6.VI.2001, leg. B. Buyck, BB 01.076 (PC).</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p>Pileus</p> <p>Small to medium sized, 24-48 mm in diam., when young convex, mature plane with depressed centre; margin strongly tuberculate-striate to c. half of the radius (7-13 mm); cuticle slimy especially near the center, shiny, margin peeling or radially cracking, color near margin light brown turning to light yellowish brown or beige, near the center dark brown, deep blackish brown to almost black, discoloring to yellowish brown.</p> <p>Lamellae</p> <p>Moderately distant, c. 8-12/ 1 cm near the pileus margin, 1.5-4 mm broad, pale yellowish-brownish to almost white, lamellulae rare, furcations frequent especially near the stipe, edge even and concolorous.</p> <p>Stipe</p> <p>28-33 × 5-7.4 mm, cylindrical and staight, longitudinally striate, light brown, darker and with reddish spots at the base, cortex 1-2 mm thick, interior cavernate.</p> <p>Context</p> <p>2-3 mm thick at the middle of the pileus radius, fragile, light brown, flesh turning reddish brown when cut and getting more red spots at the base when bruised, taste slightly bitter and spicy, odour fishy and fetid.</p> <p>Spore print</p> <p>Not observed.</p> <p>Spores</p> <p>(6.4-)6.8-7.5-8.1(-8.6) × (5.4-)5.7-6.2-6.7(-7) µm, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid Q = (1.07-)1.13-1.21-1.28(-1.34); ornamentation of moderately large, moderately distant [(4- 7(-8) in a 3 µm diam. circle] amyloid, obtuse warts, (0.3)0.4- 0.8(-1) µm high, mainly fused in small groups or short chains ([0-]1-4[-5] fusions in the circle), connected by occasional and usually short line connections ([0-]1-3[-5] in the circle); suprahilar spot not amyloid, relatively large, smooth or covered by few small low warts.</p> <p>Basidia</p> <p>(22-)35-43.7-53 × (5.5-)7-9.2-11(-12) µm, narrowly clavate, ocassionally pedunculate, 4-spored; basidiola cylindrical or clavate, c. 5-9 µm wide.</p> <p>Hymenial cystidia</p> <p>Mostly numerous, c. 1800-2100/mm2, (50-)56-67.8-79(- 86) × 6-7.1-8(-9) µm, mainly fusiform or lancelolate, rarely narrowly langeniform or subcylindrical, apically mainly acute and sometimes pointed, occasionally obtuse, often moniliform, mainly with small, pearl-like, 1-3(-6) µm long appendage, thin-walled; contents weakly heteroformous, with fine, dispersed granulations usually near the apex, sometimes optically empty, often in Congo red with pale yellow pigment, turning almost black in sulfovanillin; near the lamellae edges smaller, (35-)38-48.4-58(-66) × 6-6.8-8µm, similar in shape and contents.</p> <p>Marginal cells</p> <p>Similar to basidiola but smaller, (12-)14-17-20(-21) × 5-6.5- 7.5 µm, cilindrical or clavate, apically obtuse, mixed with occasional basidia.</p> <p>Pileipellis</p> <p>Orthochromatic in Cresyl Blue, sharply delimited from the underlying context, 150-240 µm deep; suprapellis strongly gelatinized, verrucose-bumpy in vertical section, irregularly 15-35 µm deep, composed of more or less repent, loose or clustered hyphae; gradually passing to 120-220 µm thick subpellis formed by loose, gelatinised, irregularly oriented but near trama horizontally oriented, dense, 2-4 µm wide hyphae.</p> <p>Acid-resistant incrustations</p> <p>Absent.</p> <p>Hyphal terminations</p> <p>Near the pileus margin composed mainly of one or two cells, flexuous,thin walled, frequently branched, occasionaly nodulose or angulose; terminal cells (9-)12.5-19.7-27(-34) × 2.5-3.8-5(- 5.5) µm, mainly cylindrical or clavate, often apically obtuse and sometimes slightly narrowed; subterminal cells usually as wide as long, frequently branched or with lateral projections.Hyphal terminations near the pileus centre similar, (12-)14-23.8-33(- 41) × 3-4.3-5(-6) µm, more frequently angulose-nodulose.</p> <p>Pileocystidia</p> <p>Near the pileus margin always 1-celled, subulate, narrowly fusiform or lancelolate, variable in length and often long and originating deep in the subpellis, thin-walled, (24-)29-40.4- 51(-76) × 3-4.2-5 µm, apically mainly acute, with a small appendage or knob; contents dispersed, finely granulous, weakly greying in sulfovanillin. Pileocystidia near the pileus centre similar in shape but usually shorter (22-)28-36.6- 42.5(-47) × (3-)3.6-4.4-5.2(-6.5) µm, more frequently apically constricted than acute, with contents located in diverse places, usually in apical parts.</p> <p>Cystidioid hyphae</p> <p>Dispersed in subpellis but more frequent near the context, sometimes similar to cystidia but longer, contents often more conspicuous, oleipherous and turning dark brown in sulfovanillin and red after carbolfuchsin treatment.</p> <p>Clamp connections</p> <p>Absent from all tissues.</p> <p>NOTES</p> <p>The multilocus phylogenetic reconstruction based on nrLSU, rpb2 and tef1 α (Fig. 5) clearly places our Colombian and Panamanian collections in one monophyletic clade with strong support values concerning bootstrap (MLbs = 100 %) and Bayesian posterior probability (BPP = 1). This clade is recognised in this study on the rank of species as R. ferruginea sp. nov. It belongs to section Ingratae Quél. of the subgenus Heterophyllidinae Romagn. The rusty-spotted North American R. pulverulenta Peck is the sister species of R. ferruginea sp. nov. (MLbs = 61 %, BPP = 0.96), although with poor support. The collection BPL276, labelled as R. pectinatoides Peck, is placed on the higher rank node with moderate support (ML = 68, BI = 0.96). In the ITS analyses (see sample with GenBank accession number KT 933975 in Fig. 6), however, this collection forms part of the species clade of R. amerorecondita.</p> <p>Because sequence data are not yet available for many species of the section Ingratae, our multilocus analysis is undersampled. To trace close relationships and to eliminate coidentity with some taxa published earlier, we analysed also the ITS region based on a set of sequences (Fig. 6) representing the described diversity of American species of the section Ingratae. The topology of this tree is not consistent with the topology obtained in the multilocus analyses and good bootstrap support is usually limited to terminal nodes. Russula ferruginea sp. nov. is placed in a strongly supported clade on a long branch, but there is no support for a more precise placement within the section Ingratae. Colombian and Panamanian collections of the new species received good support (MLbs = 97% and MLbs = 94 % respectively), but they are recognised on the rank of subspecies as discussed below (see comment under subsp. panamensis).</p> <p>The field appearance of R. ferruginea sp. nov. with a relatively fragile stature, dark brown pileus centre contrasting to its pale yellowish brown margin and almost mild taste resembles the European species R. praetervisa or the North American R. amerorecondita. A remarkable feature of R. ferruginea sp. nov. is its conspicuous color change, of the trama becoming reddish brown or rusty on wounded places, especially apparent at the base of the stipe and at the lamellae. This distinct rusty aspect of bruised surfaces is known in several other species of Ingratae such as R. illota Romagn. or R. pulverulenta. With different intensity, however, this color change also occurs in many other species of Ingratae.</p> <p>Among the 78 Russula species described from Latin America (Vera et al. 2021), only some are known from subtropical and tropical montane oak forests and, among these, four are described from Costa Rica as members of the section Ingratae: R. arcyospora Singer, R. austromontan a Singer, R. crucensis Gómez and Alfaro and R. quercusoleoideis Singer et al. Russula arcyospora is similar to R. foetens Romagn. but has odour components of bitter almond and a prominent spore ornamentation composed of high ridges (Singer 1990). Russula austromontana (Singer 1989) is similar to R. ferruginea sp. nov., but has broader hymenial cystidia and more prominent spore ornamentation composed of mostly isolated warts, according to our personal (BB) observations of the type. We sequenced two recent collections collected at or near the type locality in Costa Rica with macroscopical and microscopical characteristics similar to the type collection of R. austromontana. These specimens proved to be unrelated to R. ferruginea sp. nov. in our phylogeny. Russula crucensis, originally classified in sect. Pellicullariae R. Heim subsect. Discopodinae R. Heim, is another member of the section Ingratae (Buyck 1992) and differs from R. ferruginea sp. nov. exactly in the same features as R. austromontana, from which it is difficult to distinguish at this moment. R. quercusoleoideis was originally placed in sect. Ingratae (Singer et al. 1983), but according to Buyck (1992) it is a member of subsect. Griseinae Jul. Schäff. and both, pileipellis structure and hymenial cystidia, are different from the corresponding structures in R. ferruginea sp. nov.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/511E879FFFF0F04FA510FCB81F96F823	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buyck, Bart;Eyssartier, Guillaume;Armada, François;Corrales, Adriana;Hembrom, Manoj Emanuel;Rossi, Walter;Bellanger, Jean-Michel;Das, Kanad;Dima, Bálint;Ghosh, Aniket	Buyck, Bart, Eyssartier, Guillaume, Armada, François, Corrales, Adriana, Hembrom, Manoj Emanuel, Rossi, Walter, Bellanger, Jean-Michel, Das, Kanad, Dima, Bálint, Ghosh, Aniket (2022): Fungal biodiversity profiles 111 - 120. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (2): 23-61, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a2
511E879FFFF8F076A48BFF1A1AFBFAA1.text	511E879FFFF8F076A48BFF1A1AFBFAA1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Russula ferruginea subsp. panamensis Corrales & Manz 2022	<div><p>119. Russula ferruginea subsp. panamensis Corrales &amp; Manz, subsp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 16 B-D; 19-22)</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. — Russula ferruginea subsp. panamensis Corrales &amp; Manz, subsp. nov. differs from Colombian subsp. ferruginea Corrales &amp; Vera, subsp. nov. by terminal cells of hyphae in the pileipellis that are not occasionally to frequently inflated close to their bases, they are shorter on average and slightly narrower. These differences are most evident near the centre of the pileus, where average values of Colombian terminal cells are 18.5-32 × 4.1-4.6 µm and of Panamanian ones 13.5-15.5 × 3.4-3.5 µm.</p> <p>HOLOTYPE. — Panama. Chiriquí province, Quebrada Honda watershed, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.23988&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=80.75261" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.23988/lat 80.75261)">Fortuna</a> forest reserve, 80°45’09.4”N, 82°14’23.6”W, 1191 m asl., associated with Oreomunnea mexicana, Quercus sp., 19.XII.2012, Anna Giessel &amp; Meike Piepenbring A 28 (UCH, PMA).</p> <p>MYCOBANK. — MB 841771.</p> <p>GENBANK. — MZ604292 (holotype).</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. — Referring to the distribution area of the subspecies, which is so far only known from Panama.</p> <p>ADDITIONAL MATERIAL STUDIED. — Panama. Chiriqui province, Zarciadero site near Bocas del Toro Road, Fortuna Forest Reserve, 8°45’24”N, 82°16’47”W, alt. 1000 m, in forest dominated by Oreomunnea mexicana, terrestrial, 19.IV.2012, A. Corrales 099 (ARIZ).</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p>Pileus</p> <p>Small to medium sized, 45-46 mm in diam., when mature plane with depressed centre; margin strongly tuberculate-striate to c. half of the radius; cuticle near centre shiny when wet, rugulose, near margin radially cracking, color near margin light brown turning to light yellowish brown or beige, near the center dark grey-brown, deep blackish brown to almost black.</p> <p>Lamellae</p> <p>Moderately distant, up to 4 mm broad, pale cream-white, lamellulae and furcations occasional, edge even and concolorous.</p> <p>Stipe</p> <p>35 × 7 mm, cylindrical, longitudinally striate, near lamellae greyish white, towards base light brown, with darker reddishbrown spots at the base, interior hollow.</p> <p>Context</p> <p>2 mm thick at the middle of the pileus radius, fragile, greyish brown, flesh turning reddish brown when cut and getting more red spots at the base when bruised, taste and odour not observed.</p> <p>Spore print</p> <p>White.</p> <p>Spores</p> <p>(6.8-)7.1-7.4-7.7(-8.2) × (5.3-)5.6-6-6.4(-6.8) µm, mainly broadly ellipsoid, Q = (1.09-)1.18-1.24-1.29(-1.4); ornamentation of moderately large, dense [(4-) 6-8 in a 3 µm diam. circle] amyloid, low, obtuse warts, (0.3-)0.5-0.8(-0.9) µm high, fused in pairs or short chains [(0-)1-4 fusions in the circle], connected by occasional to frequent line connections [(0-) 1-3 in the circle], isolated warts absent; suprahilar spot not amyloid, smooth, relatively large.</p> <p>Basidia</p> <p>(29-)32-35.4-39(-45) × (5.5-)7.5-8.9-10(-11) µm, fusiform or clavate, 4-spored; basidiola first cylindrical or ellipsoid, then clavate, c. 5-9 µm wide.</p> <p>Hymenial cystidia</p> <p>Numerous, c. 1800-2400/mm2, (37-)54-63.7-74(-90) × (5.5-)6.5-7.7-9(-11) µm, mainly fusiform or lanceolate, pedunculate, apically acute, with 1-6µm long appendage, thin-walled, often originating deeply in the subhymenium; contents almost homogenous, yellowish, with few faint dispersed granulations, turning dark brown in sulfovanillin; near the edges of lamellae smaller, (30-)32.5-40.3-48(-64) × 5-6.4-7(-8.5) µm, clavate, rarely lanceolate or fusiform, acute, occasionally also apically obtuse, apically with small, 1-3 µm long appendage.</p> <p>Marginal cells</p> <p>(7-)10-13.1-16(-19) × 4-5.9-7(-8.5) µm, similar to basidiola but shorter, occasionally mixed with some basidia.</p> <p>Pileipellis</p> <p>Orthochromatic in Cresyl Blue, sharply delimited from the underlying context, 70-130 µm deep; suprapellis very thin, up to 30µm deep, near margin disrupted and absent on some parts, composed of more or less horizontally oriented or repent and sometimes clustered hyphae; vaguely delimited from the thick, gelatinized subpellis formed by loose, irregularly oriented, 2-4 µm wide hyphae, that are denser and horizontally oriented near the trama.</p> <p>Acid-resistant incrustations</p> <p>Absent.</p> <p>Hyphal terminations</p> <p>Near the pileus margin loose or in dispersed clusters, composed of one or two cells, thin walled; terminal cells (8-)10-15.8-21(- 31) × 2.5-3.4-4(-5)µm, mainly cylindrical, occasionally clavate, apically obtuse; subterminal cells branched or not, of constant width and usually as long as wide. Hyphal terminations near the pileus centre similar,terminal cells (6-)10-14.6-19(-28) ×(2-)2.5- 3.4-4(-5) µm, frequently distinctly flexuous-nodulose.</p> <p>Pileocystidia</p> <p>Near the pileus margin dispersed, always 1-celled, mainly subulate, occasionally fusiform or lanceolate, thin-walled, (21-)32-60.9-89(-165) × (3-)3.5-4.6-5.5(-6) µm, apically acute-pointed, mostly with a 1-2µm long, pearl-like appendage; contents slightly yellowish with indistinct granulations, hardly reacting in sulfovanillin. Pileocystidia near the pileus centre relatively frequent, (20-)23-30.7-40(-65.5) × (3-)3.5- 4.5-5.5(-7) µm, usually subulate or lageniform, otherwise similar to those near the margin of the pileus.</p> <p>Cystidioid hyphae</p> <p>Dispersed in subpellis but more frequent near the context, sometimes similar to cystidia but longer, contents often more conspicuous, oleipherous and turning dark brown in sulfovanillin and red after carbolfuchsin treatment.</p> <p>Clamp connections</p> <p>Absent from all tissues.</p> <p>NOTES</p> <p>The Colombian collections described here as R. ferruginea sp. nov. are very similar to the Panamanian collections ARIZ (Corrales 99) and UCH (A28). We were unable to find any differences in the field, but this might be caused by the lack of details in field descriptions of the Panamanian samples. Under the microscope, Colombian collections have terminal cells of hyphae in the pileipellis occasionally to frequently inflated near bases that are on average longer and also slightly wider than terminal cells in the pileipellis of Panamanian collections. These differences are especially apparent near the pileus centre, where average values of Colombian terminal cells are 18.5-32 × 4.1-4.6 µm and of Panamanian ones are 13.5-15.5 × 3.4-3.5 µm. Our multi-loci analysis shows support to distinguish the Panamanian samples as different taxa from the Colombian samples but this was not supported by the individual gene analysis of LSU or rpb2. The fixed nucleotide differences between them are three in ITS, five in coding parts of tef1 α and three in rpb2 region. Because of few morphological differences and very close phylogenetic proximity, we decided to follow the criteria used byVera et al. (2021) and assign the rank of subspecies to populations of R. ferruginea sp. nov. separated by the disjunction at the Isthmus of Panama. The clade of R. ferruginea subsp. panamensis subsp. nov. based on sequences of the ITS region (Fig. 6) also includes the sequence KM594970, that was obtained from an ectomycorrhizal root tip of Oreomunnea mexicana from Panama (Corrales et al. 2016).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/511E879FFFF8F076A48BFF1A1AFBFAA1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buyck, Bart;Eyssartier, Guillaume;Armada, François;Corrales, Adriana;Hembrom, Manoj Emanuel;Rossi, Walter;Bellanger, Jean-Michel;Das, Kanad;Dima, Bálint;Ghosh, Aniket	Buyck, Bart, Eyssartier, Guillaume, Armada, François, Corrales, Adriana, Hembrom, Manoj Emanuel, Rossi, Walter, Bellanger, Jean-Michel, Das, Kanad, Dima, Bálint, Ghosh, Aniket (2022): Fungal biodiversity profiles 111 - 120. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (2): 23-61, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a2
511E879FFFC7F071A56AF9FE1AD2FA81.text	511E879FFFC7F071A56AF9FE1AD2FA81.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vuilleminia tropica Hembrom, A. Ghosh, A. Parihar & K. Das 2022	<div><p>120. Vuilleminia tropica Hembrom, A. Ghosh, A. Parihar &amp; K. Das, sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 23-25)</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. — Differs from other species because of its tropical distribution, lemon yellow hymenophore delimited by a white floccose margin when actively growing and its erumpent nature with a tendency to grow on bark of dead wood, further also by the smaller basidiospores (11-16 × 5-8 µm), basidia (45-75 × 7-9 µm) and rare dendrohyphidia in the hymenium, the thin- to distinctly thick-walled generative hyphae with clamped septae.</p> <p>HOLOTYPE. — India. Jharkhand, Rajmahal hills, Sahibganj district, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.70477&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.030806" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.70477/lat 25.030806)">Brindaban Panchayat</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.70477&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.030806" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.70477/lat 25.030806)">Joshkuti</a>, on dead fallen branch of Bauhinia vahilii Wight &amp; Arn., 63 m, 25°01’50.9”N, 87°42’17.2”E, 29.VIII.2013, M. E. Hembrom, MEH-70133 (holo-, CAL [CAL1845]!).</p> <p>MYCOBANK. — MB 840192.</p> <p>GENBANK. — MZ314343 (nrITS, holotype), MZ314344 (nrITS, paratype); MZ314347 (nrLSU, holotype), MZ314346 (nrLSU, paratype).</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. — Tropica (Lat.) refers to the tropical distribution of the taxon.</p> <p>ADDITIONAL MATERIAL STUDIED. — India. Bihar, Valmiki National Park, West Champaran district, Valmiki Nagar, on the fallen branch (un-barked wood) of Shorea robusta Gaertn., 27°26’26.1”N, 83°56’10.4”E, 141 m, 2019, M. E. Hembrom, MEH-19; West Bengal, Howrah district, AJCBIBG, Div.: VIII near Kyd monument, on dead branch of Psidium guajava L., 5 m, 22°33’25.4”N, 88°17’30.1”E, 30.VII.2020, M. E. Hembrom, KMA-20-26; Bihar, West Champaran, Valmiki National Park, Ganouli Forest Range, on the decorticant log of unidentified tree, 180 m, 27°22’33.6”N, 83°59’38.5”E, 01.VIII.2020, A. V. Kisku, MEH-20-50 (CAL1846).</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p>Basidiomata</p> <p>Annual, widely effused (5-200 × 5-100 mm or even much larger), up to 0.3 mm thick, growing on bark and more or less separable when fresh, but becoming closely adnate when dried, initially starting to form as small round patches with white margin that quickly merge to form large, effused, crusty basidiomata, leathery and slightly sticky when fresh, brittle and waxy on drying. Margin up to 1 mm wide when actively growing, distinct to indeterminate in older specimens, sterile, floccose, chalky-white (1-2A1) to pale yellow (3A3).</p> <p>Hymenophore</p> <p>Smooth, glabrous, pale yellow to pastel yellow (3A3-4) when young then yellow to lemon yellow (3B5-8), becoming bright yellow to almost egg yellow at maturity, finally ochraceous in older dried specimens.</p> <p>Flesh</p> <p>Papery thin, waxy, yellowish white (1-2A2).</p> <p>Hyphal system</p> <p>Monomitic, generative hyphae septate, clamped at most septa, thin- to moderately thick-walled, branched, with smooth, hyaline, acyanophilic walls (but contents cyanophilic) and not amyloid.</p> <p>Subhymenium &amp; subiculum</p> <p>Composed of compactly arranged vertical elements ending with indistinct subiculum with crystal elements; basal hyphae 3-5 µm wide, thin to moderately thick-walled, loosely interwoven, cytoplasmic contents cyanophilic; hyphae in the middle part 2-4 µm wide, towards subhymenium less interwoven and less branched, more or less parallel, thin-walled.</p> <p>Hymenium</p> <p>Composed of hyphoid elements, rare delicate dendrohyphidia, basidia and basidioles; hyphoid elements 30-45 × 3-4 µm, embedded to projecting up to 16 µm beyond the hymenium, cylindrical, smooth. Dendrohyphidia often difficult to observe, up to 2 µm wide, less branched, thin-walled, smooth, hyaline. Basidia 45-75 × 7-9 µm, clavate to elongated cylindrical, 4-sterigmate with sterigmata 3-10 × 1-3 µm, clamped at base with clamps often delicate and difficult to observe, thin-walled, when young filled with dense and globular contents, becoming empty and collapsed with maturity, smooth, hyaline, when older with occasionally transverse septa.</p> <p>Basidiospores</p> <p>11-13.6-16 × 5-6.35-8 µm, Q = 1.7-2.15-2.76, cylindrical to narrowly ellipsoid, moderately thick-walled with walls up to 1 µm thick, smooth, hyaline and acyanophilic; contents cyanophilic, inamyloid.</p> <p>NOTES</p> <p>Vuilleminia Maire is mostly confined to Europe with few exceptions (Bernicchia &amp; Gorjón 2010; Ghobad-Nejhad et al. 2010). Very recently, one of us (MEH) came across some specimens in eastern tropical India growing on bark as well as invading the xylem vessels below the bark. Morphological features and molecular phylogeny place these specimens in the genus Vuilleminia, but none of the described species matches the present collections.</p> <p>The genus Vuilleminia fits the morphological features of our species, including the gelatinous (when fresh) to ceraceous basidiomata with monomitic hyphal system and clamped hyphae, pedicellate-clavate basidia producing large basidiospores and presence of dendrohyphidia (Hjortstam et al. 1988; Bernicchia &amp; Gorjón 2010; Ghobad-Nejhad et al. 2010; Ghobad-Nejhad &amp; Duhem 2013).</p> <p>Growing in the tropics and forming basidiomata (up to 300 µm thick) with lemon yellow hymenial surface and whitish floccose margin on fallen wooden logs, make it easy to identify our species in the field. The more or less thickwalled basidiospores with cyanophilic cytoplasmic contents are unrecorded from other Vuilleminia, viz. V. alni Boidin, Lanq. &amp; Gilles; V. comedens (Nees) Maire; V. corticola Parmasto, V. coryli Boidin, Lanq. &amp; Gilles; V. cystidiata Parmasto; V. erastii Ghob. -Nejh., V. macrospora (Bres.) Hjortstam; V. megalospora Bres.; V. nilsii Ghob. -Nejh. &amp; Duhem, V. oyensis Duhem &amp; M. Gérard, and V. pseudocystidiata Boidin, Lanq. &amp; Gilles. (Hjortstam et al. 1988; Gorjón 2009; Bernicchia &amp; Gorjón 2010; Ghobad-Nejhad et al. 2010, 2012; Ghobad-Nejhad &amp; Duhem 2013). Many Vuilleminia have numerous dendrohyphidia, but in the present species dendrohyphidia are very few and become difficult to trace in older specimens and usually lack any side branching.</p> <p>Our phylogeny places this novel species sister to V. macrospora, which differs morphologically in its white basidiomata with abundant dendrohyphidia, and capitate, thick-walled, tubular cystidia, and it also has a temperate distribution (Bernicchia &amp; Gorjón 2010; Ghobad-Nejhad et al. 2010). Vuilleminia nilsii shares the creamish to yellowish white hymenial surface and basidiospores with cyanophilic contents (Ghobad-Nejhad &amp; Duhem 2013), but its spores are thinwalled and longer (14.5-18 µm).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/511E879FFFC7F071A56AF9FE1AD2FA81	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buyck, Bart;Eyssartier, Guillaume;Armada, François;Corrales, Adriana;Hembrom, Manoj Emanuel;Rossi, Walter;Bellanger, Jean-Michel;Das, Kanad;Dima, Bálint;Ghosh, Aniket	Buyck, Bart, Eyssartier, Guillaume, Armada, François, Corrales, Adriana, Hembrom, Manoj Emanuel, Rossi, Walter, Bellanger, Jean-Michel, Das, Kanad, Dima, Bálint, Ghosh, Aniket (2022): Fungal biodiversity profiles 111 - 120. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (2): 23-61, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a2
