identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03A787BAFFC2E53A50988027669FFC28.text	03A787BAFFC2E53A50988027669FFC28.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zyras STEPHENS 1835	<div><p>3.2 Key to the species of the subgenus Zyras of the Himalaya, India, and Sri Lanka</p> <p>In total, 25 named and two undescribed species are currently known from the region including the Himalaya (exclusive of China), India, and Sri Lanka. Zyras pindarae, a species of highly variable coloration, keys out at three couplets.</p> <p>1. Whole body with dense and long and sub-erect to erect pubescence (in dorsal view best visible on the posterolateral contours of the head, on the lateral margins of the elytra, and on the posterior margins of the sternites) (e.g., Figs 59, 62–64). Body broad and with rather large abdomen (e.g., Figs 95–97). Antennomere XI very short, much shorter than the combined length of antennomeres IX and X, and of broadly conical shape (e.g., Figs 12–13, 21). Apical lobe of paramere very short (e.g., Fig. 184). Zyras hirtus group..................................................................... 2</p> <p>– At least the forebody with distinctly less dense and less conspicuous pubescence. Habitus more slender. Antennomere XI mostly more elongate and not of distinctly conical shape. Apical lobe of paramere usually longer and more slender....................................................................................................................................................................... 6</p> <p>2. Forebody black; abdomen blackish-brown to black..................................................................................................... 3</p> <p>– Pale-coloured or bicoloured species............................................................................................................................... 4</p> <p>3. Meso- and metafemora distinctly bicoloured, basally yellow and apically infuscate; antennomere XI blackish, not distinctly paler than antennomeres IV–X (Fig. 13). Tergites III–V without distinct micropunctation. Median lobe of aedeagus subapically more strongly angled in lateral view and apically less acute (Figs 178–179). Distribution: North India, Nepal (Map 7)....................................................................................................................... hirsutiventris</p> <p>– Meso- and metafemora uniformly dark-yellowish; apices very indistinctly darker at most; antennomere XI dark-reddish, somewhat contrasting with the blackish antennomeres IV–X (Fig. 23). Tergites III–V with distinct micropunctation. Median lobe of aedeagus subapically weakly angled and apically very acute both in lateral and in ventral view (Figs 182–183). Distribution: Northeast India (Map 8)........................................................ luteipes</p> <p>4. Meso- and metafemora distinctly bicoloured, basally yellowish and apically infuscate. Elytra bicoloured, darkyellowish with the postero-lateral portion blackish (Fig. 60). Abdomen bicoloured, with segments II–V reddish and VI–X blackish (Fig. 101). Distribution: South India (Map 79)......................................................... nilgiriensis</p> <p>– Meso- and metafemora uniformly dark-yellowish to reddish; apices very indistinctly darker at most. Coloration of body different................................................................................................................................................................ 5</p> <p>5. Antennae distinctly bicoloured, blackish with the apical three antennomeres pale yellowish (Fig. 40). Head and pronotum dark-brown to blackish; elytra reddish with the postero-lateral portions infuscate (Fig. 62). Abdomen bicoloured, reddish with segments V–VIII blackish (Fig. 60). Antenna very long (approximately 3.0 mm) and slender (Fig. 40). Median lobe of aedeagus as in Figs 174–175. Distribution: North India, Nepal (Map 7)............................................................................................................................................................................................ gardneri</p> <p>– Antennae blackish-brown to blackish, with usually only antennomere XI, rarely X–XI or IX–XI, slightly paler (Fig. 21). Body more or less uniformly reddish to reddish-brown, with abdominal segments VI–VII slightly darker at most (Figs 59, 95). Antenna much shorter (approximately 2.0 mm) and more strongly incrassate (Fig. 21). Median lobe of aedeagus as in Figs 170–171. Distribution: South India, Sri Lanka (Map 7)........................ hirtus</p> <p>6. Forebody and abdomen completely blackish. Legs bicoloured with the femora blackish-brown to black and the tibiae yellowish.................................................................................................................................................................. 7</p> <p>– Coloration different, at least the abdomen not completely blackish.......................................................................... 9</p> <p>7. Forebody with blueish hue (Fig. 50). Antennae blackish with antennomeres I–II and the base of III yellowish (Fig. 22). Distribution: North India (Map 2)............................................................................................. nigroaeneus</p> <p>– Forebody without blueish hue. Antennae, including the basal antennomeres, uniformly blackish, or nearly so....................................................................................................................................................................................... 8</p> <p>8. Tibiae blackish, as dark as femora. Ventral process of aedeagus basally broader in ventral view (Figs 263–264). Paramere much longer than median lobe and with rather long and slender apical lobe (Fig. 265). Distribution: Central Nepal (Map 4)......................................................................................................................................... morulus</p> <p>– Tibiae distinctly paler than femora. Ventral process of aedeagus basally more slender in ventral view (Figs 125–128). Paramere approximately as long as median lobe and with short apical lobe (Fig. 129). Distribution: North India, Nepal (Map 2)...................................................................................................................................................... pindarae</p> <p>9. Abdomen black with the apex (segments VII–X or VIII–X) reddish, strongly contrasting with the anterior segments; forebody black............................................................................................................................................... 10</p> <p>– Abdomen of different coloration; forebody usually not uniformly black............................................................... 12</p> <p>10. Segment VII black or reddish (Figs 82–85). Pronotum with slightly irregular and denser punctation; elytra with dense and nearly regularly distributed punctation (Fig. 44). Aedeagus as in Figs 125–129. Distribution: North India, Nepal (Map 2)........................................................................................................................................... pindarae</p> <p>– Segment VII reddish (Fig. 79). Pronotum with sparse and distinctly irregular punctation; elytra with sparser (posteriorly very sparse) and more distinctly irregular punctation (Fig. 42)......................................................... 11</p> <p>11. Legs uniformly pale-yellowish. Median lobe of aedeagus as in Figs 117–118. Distribution: North India, Nepal (Map 1).................................................................................................................................................................... kraatzi</p> <p>– Legs bicoloured, with the femora blackish-brown to black and the tibiae and tarsi distinctly paler, yellowish to brown. Median lobe of aedeagus as in ASSING (2016a: figures 268–269). Distribution: Pakistan, Afghanistan (Map 1)................................................................................................................................................................... iniquus</p> <p>12. Pronotum bright-reddish, strongly contrasting with the blackish head.................................................................. 13</p> <p>– Pronotum brown to black.............................................................................................................................................. 17</p> <p>13. Elytra bicoloured............................................................................................................................................................. 14</p> <p>– Elytra uniformly blackish-brown to black, sometimes with blueish hue................................................................ 15</p> <p>14. Elytra blackish with the suture and the area near the scutellum extensively yellowish-red (Fig. 54). Antennomeres VIII–X distinctly transverse (Fig. 16). Male sexual characters unknown. Distribution: South India (Map 7)........................................................................................................................................................................................ hastatus</p> <p>– Elytra blackish with the anterior portion more or less extensively yellowish-red; posterior portion of suture blackish (Fig. 57). Antennomeres VIII–X oblong (Fig. 19). Aedeagus as in Figs 161–163. Distribution: South India (Map 7).................................................................................................................................................... latilobatus</p> <p>15. Antennae short, 1.3–1.4 mm long, and distinctly incrassate apically; antennomere X at least twice as broad as long (Figs 17–18). Pronotum approximately 1.15 times as broad as long (Figs 55–56). Aedeagus as in PACE (2011: figures 39–40). Small species; length of forebody 2.0– 2.2 mm. Distribution: India, Sri Lanka (Map 7)........................................................................................................................................................................................... parageminus</p> <p>– Antennae longer and more slender,&gt; 1.7 mm long; antennomere X less than twice as broad as long. Pronotum more slender, or if similarly transverse, pronotum, elytra, tergite II, and anterior impressions of tergites III–V coarsely punctate. Larger species, length of forebody&gt; 2.2 mm.............................................................................. 16</p> <p>16. Antennae blackish (Fig. 20). Pronotum, elytra, abdominal tergite II, and anterior impressions of abdominal tergites III–V with coarse punctation (Figs 58, 99). Pronotum more transverse, 1.15–1.18 times as broad as long (Fig. 58). Rather large and robust species; length of forebody 3.0– 3.3 mm. Aedeagus as in Figs 166–167. Distribution: Oriental and southern East Palaearctic regions (Map 8)..................................................................... alternans</p> <p>– Antennae brown to blackish-brown with the apical 1–4 antennomeres yellowish (ASSING 2016a: figures 33–35). Pronotum, elytra, and anterior abdominal tergites with fine shallow punctation (ASSING 2016a: figures 99–100, 109, 157–158, 165). Pronotum more slender, 1.03–1.10 times as broad as long. Aedeagus: ASSING (2016a: figures 274–281). Distribution: Oriental and southern East Palaearctic regions (Map 8)......................... geminus</p> <p>17. Metafemora bicoloured, yellowish with distinctly infuscate apices......................................................................... 18</p> <p>– Metafemora of uniformly pale or dark coloration...................................................................................................... 19</p> <p>18. At least profemora, often also mesofemora of uniformly yellowish coloration. Antennomeres IV–VII distinctly oblong (Fig. 9). Eyes approximately as long as distance from posterior margin of eye to posterior constriction of head (Figs 48–49). Pronotum&gt; 1.1 times as broad as long and with straight lateral margins in posterior half (Figs 48–49). Punctation of pronotum and elytra irregular and moderately coarse (Figs 48–49). Abdominal tergites III–VI with few setiferous punctures at posterior margins (Fig. 94). Male sternite VIII conspicuously acute posteriorly (Fig. 147). Median lobe of aedeagus as in Figs 142–143. Distribution: North India, Nepal (Map 4)................................................................................................................................................................................. condignus</p> <p>– Apices of all femora blackish. Antennomeres VI–VII transverse (Fig. 25). Eyes more than twice as long as distance from posterior margin of eye to posterior constriction of head (Fig. 51). Pronotum &lt;1.1 times as broad as long and with sinuate lateral margins in posterior half (Fig. 51). Punctation of pronotum and elytra regular and fine (Fig. 51). Abdominal tergites III–VI with numerous setiferous punctures at posterior margins. Male sternite VIII convex posteriorly (Fig. 149). Median lobe of aedeagus as in PACE (1986: figures 54–55). Distribution: Central Nepal (Map 3)....................................................................................................................................................... morvani</p> <p>19. Pronotum with uneven surface and conspicuously irregular punctation more or less grouped in clusters, these clusters at least partly situated in more or less distinct impressions (Fig. 65). Male tergite VIII with four blunt projections posteriorly (Fig. 196). Median lobe of aedeagus as in Figs 191–194. Distribution: Oriental and southern East Palaearctic regions (Map 6)...................................................................................................................... proximus</p> <p>– Pronotum with smooth surface without impressions (except the usual postero-median impression). Punctation of pronotum regular or less conspicuously irregular. Male tergite VIII often with a median concavity, but without four blunt projections..................................................................................................................................................... 20</p> <p>20. Male sternite VIII distinctly truncate posteriorly. Ventral process of aedeagus with long, slender, and acute apex in lateral view. Apical lobe of aedeagus long and slender.......................................................................................... 21</p> <p>– Male sternite VIII convex posteriorly. Ventral process of aedeagus with shorter, less slender, and less acute apex in lateral view. Apical lobe of aedeagus distinctly shorter.......................................................................................... 22</p> <p>21. Antennae approximately 2.0 mm long and not particularly slender, antennomeres VI–IX transverse (Fig. 24). Pronotum broader, approximately 1.15 times as broad as long, lateral margins straight or weakly convex in posterior half in dorsal view; pronotal punctation moderately irregularly distributed (Fig. 53). Non-setiferous punctation of the anterior impressions of tergites III–V fine (Fig. 89). Median lobe of aedeagus with moderately slender and acute apex in lateral view (Figs 156–158). Distribution: Northeast India (Map 9)......... longilobatus</p> <p>– Antennae very long and slender, 2.4–2.6 mm long; antennomeres VI–XI oblong (Fig. 11). Pronotum slender, approximately 1.1 times as broad as long, lateral margins sinuate in posterior half in dorsal view; lateral portions of disc with a cluster of punctures slightly behind middle, otherwise nearly impunctate (Fig. 52). Non-setiferous punctation of anterior impressions of tergites III–V coarse (Fig. 91). Median lobe of aedeagus with conspicuously slender and acute apex in lateral view (Figs 150–151). Distribution: Central Nepal (Map 3)................. truncatus</p> <p>22. Anterior impressions of tergites III–V with few fine non-setiferous punctures confined to the middle. Species of rather large size with a rather large, but weakly transverse pronotum (approximately 1.1 times as broad as long)............................................................................................................................................................................................. 23</p> <p>– Anterior impressions of tergite III–V with more numerous non-setiferous punctures everywhere................... 24</p> <p>23. Legs of uniformly pale-brown coloration. Pronotum sparsely and distinctly irregularly punctate; lateral margins not sinuate near posterior angles (Fig. 43). Punctation of elytra coarse and irregularly distributed, anteriorly dense and somewhat asperate, posteriorly very sparse (Fig. 43). Median lobe of aedeagus as in Figs 121–122. Distribution: Northwest India (Map 1)...................................................................................................................... exasperatus</p> <p>– Legs bicoloured, with dark-brown to blackish-brown femora and with paler tibiae and tarsi. Pronotum with nearly regularly distributed punctation (Fig. 44). Elytra with much finer, much denser, and not distinctly irregularly distributed punctation, only slightly sparser posteriorly than anteriorly (Fig. 44). Median lobe of aedeagus as in Figs 125–129. Distribution: North India, Nepal (Map 2).............................................................................. pindarae</p> <p>24. Small species; body length 4.3–5.0 mm; length of forebody 1.9–2.1 mm. Antennomere XI conspicuously elongate, approximately as long as the combined length of VIII–X (Fig. 27). Head relatively large in relation to pronotum (ASSING 2016a: figure 97). Aedeagus: ASSING (2016a: figures 272–273). Distribution: Oriental and southern East Palaearctic regions (Map 5).............................................................................................................................. castaneus</p> <p>– Distinctly larger species. Antennomere XI less elongate, shorter than the combined length of VIII–X............ 25</p> <p>25. Anterior third to anterior half of elytra or only humeral portions yellowish, posterior half (including suture) blackish (Fig. 45). Aedeagus as in Figs 132–133. Distribution: North India, Nepal (Map 3)................ perforatus</p> <p>– Elytra yellowish with the postero-lateral portions more or less triangularly blackish; yellowish coloration extending posteriad along suture to posterior margin, or nearly so (Figs 46–47).................................................................... 26</p> <p>26. Tergites VII–X reddish (Fig. 87). Distribution: North India (Map 1)....................................................... championi</p> <p>– Tergite VII blackish; posterior portion of tergite VIII somewhat infuscate (Fig. 88). Aedeagus as in Figs 136–137. Distribution: Nepal (Map 1)................................................................................................................................ pallipes</p> <p>3.3 Key to the species of the subgenus Zyras recorded from Thailand</p> <p>Up to today, 13 named species of Zyras sensu strictu have been recorded from Thailand, four of them exclusive. In addition, several unnamed species have been examined, one of them represented by a male without antennae and the remainder represented exclusively by females.</p> <p>1. Pronotum red....................................................................................................................................................................... 2</p> <p>– Pronotum dark-brown to black......................................................................................................................................... 5</p> <p>2. Head red, of similar coloration as pronotum (Fig. 61). Elytra with very coarse and dense punctation (Fig. 61). Aedeagus as in Figs 187–188. Distribution: Thailand, Malaysia..................................................................... russiceps</p> <p>– Head blackish....................................................................................................................................................................... 3</p> <p>3. Very large and robust species; length of forebody&gt; 3.5 mm; width of pronotum approximately 1.5 mm. Elytra reddish with the postero-lateral portion more or less distinctly and more or less extensively infuscate. Legs usually uniformly yellowish. Median lobe of aedeagus as in Figs 276–277. Distribution: Oriental and southern East Palaearctic regions (Map 10)................................................................................................................................. preangeranus</p> <p>– Smaller and more slender species; length of forebody &lt;3.5 mm; width of pronotum &lt;1.2 mm. Elytra blackish, often with slight bluish hue. At least the apices of the femora usually infuscate........................................................ 4</p> <p>4. Profemora and the apical halves of the meso- and metafemora blackish-brown to black. Antennae very slender, approximately 2.7 mm long; antennomeres IV–VII distinctly oblong and X very weakly transverse. Elytra with rather coarse punctation. Distribution: Thailand (Map 8)............................................................................. thaiorum</p> <p>– Femora yellowish with the apices usually narrowly infuscate. Antennae much shorter, &lt;2.3 mm long; antennomeres V–VII not oblong and X distinctly transverse. Elytra with very fine punctation. Aedeagus: ASSING (2016a: figures 274–281). Distribution: Oriental and southern East Palaearctic regions (Map 8)............................ geminus</p> <p>5. Legs bicoloured, at least the apices of the meso- and metafemora more or less distinctly infuscate....................... 6</p> <p>– Legs uniformly pale-yellowish........................................................................................................................................... 7</p> <p>6. Apices of meso- and metafemora narrowly and weakly infuscate. Elytra short and with fine punctation (Fig. 70); hind wings reduced. Segments II–V of abdomen reddish (Fig. 107). Aedeagus: Figs 212–215. Distribution: South Thailand (Map 10)............................................................................................................................................... ambulans</p> <p>– Profemora dark-brown; apical halves of meso- and metafemora blackish. Elytra longer and with coarser punctation (Fig. 66). Most of segments II–V blackish (Fig. 103). Male unknown. Distribution: Thailand, Southwest China (Map 8).................................................................................................................................................................... brignolii</p> <p>7. Anterior abdominal tergites of dark coloration (posterior margins of segments may be paler).............................. 8</p> <p>– At least tergites II–V reddish........................................................................................................................................... 10</p> <p>8. Antennae massive; antennomere XI barely as long as the combined length of IX and X (ASSING 2016a: figure 41). Pronotum distinctly transverse, at least 1.2 times as broad as long and approximately 1.3 times as broad as head, rather finely and regularly punctate. Median lobe of aedeagus: ASSING (2016a: figures 215–216). Distribution: Thailand, China: Yunnan (Map 8)................................................................................................................ caloderoides</p> <p>– Antennae slender; antennomere XI conspicuously elongate, approximately as long as the combined length of VIII–X (Figs 28–29, 33). Pronotum slender, much less than 1.2 times as broad as long and only slightly broader than head (Figs 65, 69); punctation coarse and irregularly distributed......................................................................................... 9</p> <p>9. Antennae more slender (Figs 28–29). Pronotum with very uneven surface (i.e., with more or less irregular impressions); punctation conspicuously irregularly distributed (Fig. 65). Male tergite VIII with four blunt projections posteriorly (Fig. 196). Median lobe of aedeagus as in Figs 191–194. Distribution: Oriental and southern East Palaearctic regions (Map 6)................................................................................................................................. proximus</p> <p>– Antennae less slender (Fig. 33). Pronotum without impressions and with less irregularly distributed punctation (Fig. 69). Male tergite VIII only with a median pair of less distinct projections posteriorly (Fig. 206). Median lobe of aedeagus as in Figs 208–211. Distribution: Thailand (Map 10)............................................................... parvicollis</p> <p>10. Antennomere XI conspicuously elongate, approximately as long as the combined length of VIII–X (Figs 27, 30–31)............................................................................................................................................................................................... 11</p> <p>– Antennomere XI less elongate, shorter than the combined length of VIII–X.......................................................... 12</p> <p>11. Pronotum with uneven surface, more or less irregularly impressed; punctation coarse and irregularly distributed (Fig. 67). Anterior impressions of tergites III–V and anterior portion of tergite VI with coarse and dense nonsetiferous punctation (Fig. 106). Posterior margin of male tergite VIII with four blunt projections (Fig. 201). Median lobe of aedeagus as in Figs 198–199. Distribution: Thailand, Laos (Map 5)............................................ novinversus</p> <p>– Pronotum with smooth surface, without impressions; punctation fine and more or less regularly distributed (ASSING 2016a: figure 97). Anterior impressions of tergites III–V and anterior portion of tergite VI with sparse and very fine non-setiferous punctation (ASSING 2016a: figure 154). Posterior margin of male tergite VIII with shallow concavity in the middle. Median lobe of aedeagus: ASSING (2016a: figures 272–273). Distribution: Oriental and southern East Palaearctic regions (Map 5)........................................................................................................................ castaneus</p> <p>12. Pronotum strongly transverse, nearly 1.3 times as broad as long and 1.2 times as broad as head (Fig. 68). Tergite VII nearly completely blackish-brown to black (Fig. 102). Median lobe of aedeagus with very short ventral process (Figs 203–204). Distribution: Thailand (Map 10)...................................................................................... brevilobatus</p> <p>– Pronotum weakly transverse, approximately 1.15 times as broad as long (ASSING 2016a: figure 172). Tergite VII bicoloured with the anterior third reddish and the posterior two-thirds black (ASSING 2016a: figure 174). Median lobe of aedeagus: ASSING (2016a: figures 231–232). Distribution: Oriental and southern East Palaearctic regions (Map 9)................................................................................................................................................................. bettotanus</p> <p>3.4 Descriptions and additional records</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BAFFC2E53A50988027669FFC28	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, Volker	Assing, Volker (2017): On Zyras sensu strictu in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a focus on the faunas of the Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Sulawesi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (1): 117-192, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.67.1.117-192
03A787BAFFC9E53B50C6835B6204F9F5.text	03A787BAFFC9E53B50C6835B6204F9F5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zyras (Zyras) kraatzi SCHUBERT 1908	<div><p>Zyras (Zyras) kraatzi SCHUBERT, 1908</p> <p>(Figs 1, 42, 79, 117–120, Map 1)</p> <p>Zyras kraatzi SCHUBERT, 1908: 609 f.</p> <p>Myrmedonia (Zyras) ignicauda CHAMPION, 1927: 245 f.</p> <p>Type material examined: Syntype ♀: “ Kulu 7 / sg. Zyras, Kraatzi m. type. / Typus / Kraatzi m. / Syntypus Zyras kraatzi Schubert, 1908, labelled by MNHUB 2016” (MNB).</p> <p>Additional material examined: Nepal: 1 ex., Annapurna, Bargachap, 2100 m, beaten from vegetation, 22.VIII.1995, leg. Jäger (SMTD).</p> <p>Comment: Zyras kraatzi was described based on an unspecified number of syntypes from “Kulu, Himalaya, ca. 2000 m ” (SCHUBERT 1908). The original description of Z. ignicauda is based on an unspecified number of syntypes from “Jaunsar, Chakrata Division, U.P.” (CHAMPION 1927). Zyras ignicauda was placed in synonymy with Z. kraatzi by CAMERON (1939a). Only one syntype of Z. kraatzi, a female, was located in the collections of MNB.</p> <p>Redescription: Species of moderate size; body length 5.5–6.5 mm; length of forebody 2.5–2.9 mm. Coloration (Figs 1, 42, 79): body black, except for the bright-reddish abdominal segments VII–X; legs pale-yellowish; antennae blackish-brown to black, with antennomeres I–II indistinctly paler and XI dark-yellowish to reddish; maxillary palpi yellowish to pale-brown, with the apical palpomere yellowish.</p> <p>Head (Fig. 42) distinctly transverse, broadly impunctate along middle; punctation in lateral dorsal portions rather fine and sparse. Eyes distinctly longer than postocular region in dorsal view. Antenna (Fig. 1) 2.0– 2.1 mm long and moderately massive; antennomeres IV approximately as long as broad or weakly transverse, VI–X of gradually increasing width and increasingly transverse, X approximately 1.5 times as broad as long, and XI as long as, or slightly longer than the combined length of IX and X.</p> <p>Pronotum (Fig. 42) weakly transverse, 1.08–1.1 times as broad as long and 1.32–1.40 times as broad as head, broadest near anterior angles, distinctly tapering posteriad; lateral margins straight or weakly convex in posterior half (dorsal view); punctation sparse and irregularly distributed; midline broadly impunctate; lateral margins each with four long brown setae.</p> <p>Elytra (Fig. 42) approximately 0.8 times as long as pronotum; punctation coarse, rather dense near anterior margins and scutellum, rather sparse elsewhere; scutellum with rather coarse and dense punctation anteriorly, impunctate in posterior portion. Hind wings present. Metatarsomere I approximately as long as the combined length of II–IV, or nearly so.</p> <p>Abdomen (Fig. 79) slightly narrower than elytra, with rather shallow anterior impressions on tergites III–V; anterior impressions of tergites III–V each with few fine non-setiferous punctures in the middle, laterally impunctate or nearly so; tergites III–IV with a lateral setiferous puncture on either side and with four setiferous punctures at posterior margins; tergite V with a lateral setiferous puncture on either side and with six setiferous punctures at posterior margin; tergite VI with a narrow transverse band of non-setiferous punctures anteriorly, with a lateral setiferous puncture on either side, and with six setiferous punctures at posterior margin; tergite VII with a narrow transverse band of non-setiferous punctures anteriorly and with two transverse series of 6–8 setiferous punctures posteriorly, posterior margin with palisade fringe; tergite VIII (Fig. 119) with two transverse series of long black setae near posterior margin, posterior margin concavely excised in the middle, on either side of this concavity with a weakly pronounced triangular projection.</p> <p>♂: sternite VIII (Fig. 120) with strongly convex posterior margin; median lobe of aedeagus (Figs 117–118) approximately 0.8 mm long; ventral process long in relation to basal capsule; paramere approximately as long as median lobe, with rather short and slender apical lobe.</p> <p>♀: posterior margin of sternite VIII weakly concave in the middle.</p> <p>Comparative notes: Among the species of the Z. kraatzi group, this species is characterized by the coloration of the abdomen and the legs, sparse and irregular punctation of the pronotum, posteriorly rather sparse punctation of the elytra, the presence of a distinct transverse band of nonsetiferous punctation near the anterior margins of tergites VI and VII, and above all by the shape of the median lobe of the aedeagus.</p> <p>Distribution and natural history: Confirmed records are known from Himalachal Pradesh (type locality of Z. kraatzi), Uttar Pradesh (type locality of Z. ignicauda) and Uttarakhand (ASSING 2016a) in Northwest India, and Central Nepal (Map 1). PACE (1987a) recorded Z. kraatzi from Nepal, based on a female collected in “Lamjung Distr., Marsyandi, 1580 m ”. In view of the presence of other similar species distributed in Nepal and of frequent misidentifications, however, this record requires confirmation. Zyras kraatzi appears to be much rarer than the sympatric Z. pindarae. The nontype specimen indicated above was collected by beating vegetation.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BAFFC9E53B50C6835B6204F9F5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, Volker	Assing, Volker (2017): On Zyras sensu strictu in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a focus on the faunas of the Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Sulawesi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (1): 117-192, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.67.1.117-192
03A787BAFFC8E5385098819B615DFB15.text	03A787BAFFC8E5385098819B615DFB15.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zyras (Zyras) exasperatus SCHUBERT 1908	<div><p>Zyras (Zyras) exasperatus SCHUBERT, 1908</p> <p>(Figs 2, 43, 121–124, Map 1)</p> <p>Zyras exasperatus SCHUBERT, 1908: 610 f.</p> <p>Type material examined: Lectotype ♂ [teneral]: “ Kulu 10 / Myrmedonia sg. Zyras, exasperatus m. type. / Typus / exasperatus m. / Holotypus [sic] Zyras exasperatus Schubert, 1908, labelled by MNHUB 2016 / Lectotypus ♂ Zyras exasperatus Schubert, desig. V. Assing 2016 / Zyras exasperatus Schubert, det. V. Assing 2016” (MNB).</p> <p>Comment: The original description is based on an unspecified number of syntypes from “Kulu, Himalaya, ca. 3000 m ” (SCHUBERT 1908). Only one syntype, a slightly teneral male, was located in the collections of the MNB. This specimen is designated as the lectotype.</p> <p>Redescription: Body length 7.0 mm; length of forebody 3.3 mm. Coloration (note that the holotype is teneral; mature specimens are most likely of significantly darker coloration) (Figs 2, 43): head dark-brown; pronotum and elytra brown, with the postero-lateral portions of the elytra slightly and diffusely darker; abdomen: tergites II–VI brown with paler posterior margins and paratergites, tergites VII–X reddish; legs yellowishbrown; antennae dark-brown with antennomere XI reddish-brown; maxillary palpi brown, with the apical palpomere yellowish.</p> <p>Head (Fig. 43) distinctly transverse, broadly impunctate along middle; punctation in lateral dorsal portions moderately fine and moderately sparse. Eyes slightly longer than postocular region in dorsal view. Antenna (Fig. 2) 2.6 mm long and slender; antennomeres IV–V weakly oblong, VI–VII approximately as long as broad, VIII–X weakly transverse, X much less than 1.5 times as broad as long, and XI slightly longer than the combined length of IX and X.</p> <p>Pronotum (Fig. 43) weakly transverse, 1.1 times as broad as long and 1.37 times as broad as head, broadest near anterior angles, distinctly tapering posteriad; lateral margins straight in posterior half (dorsal view); punctation moderately sparse and irregularly distributed, in antero-lateral portions with rather extensive impunctate patch on either side; midline broadly impunctate; lateral margins each with four long brown setae.</p> <p>Elytra (Fig. 43) 0.84 times as long as pronotum; punctation coarse, somewhat asperate or granulose in anterior half, rather dense near anterior margins and scutellum, moderately dense elsewhere. Hind wings probably present. Metatarsomere I approximately as long as the combined length of II–IV.</p> <p>Abdomen slightly narrower than elytra, with rather shallow anterior impressions on tergites III–V; anterior impressions of tergites III–V each with few scattered fine non-setiferous punctures in the middle, laterally impunctate; tergites III–IV with a lateral setiferous puncture on either side and with four setiferous punctures at posterior margins; tergite V with a lateral setiferous puncture on either side and with six setiferous punctures at posterior margin; tergite VI with a narrow transverse row of approximately ten non-setiferous punctures confined to the middle of anterior portion (laterally impunctate), with a lateral setiferous puncture on either side, and with six setiferous punctures at posterior margin; tergite VII with a narrow transverse band of non-setiferous punctures anteriorly, with a median pair of setiferous punctures at posterior fourth, and with a transverse series of six setiferous punctures near posterior margin, posterior margin with palisade fringe; tergite VIII (Fig. 123) with 14 long black setae near posterior margin, posterior margin concavely excised in the middle, on either side of this concavity with a triangular projection.</p> <p>♂: sternite VIII (Fig. 124) with strongly convex posterior margin; median lobe of aedeagus 0.9 mm long and shaped as in Figs 121–122; paramere nearly as long as median lobe, with rather short and slender apical lobe.</p> <p>♀: unknown.</p> <p>Comparative notes: Based on the external and sexual characters, Z. exasperatus is closely related to Z. kraatzi and allied species. It differs from the sympatric Z. kraatzi by larger body size, paler coloration (but note that the lectotype is teneral), longer and more slender antennae, a less convex pronotum (cross-section) with less sparse punctation, denser, coarser, and somewhat asperate or granulose punctation of the elytra, even fewer nonsetiferous punctures on the abdomen, and by the larger aedeagus with a slightly broader crista apicalis and a ventral process of slightly different shape.</p> <p>The possibility that Z. iniquus from Pakistan and Afghanistan is conspecific with Z. exasperatus cannot be ruled out completely. Mature males of Z. exasperatus would be needed to assess intraspecific variation of coloration and other characters.</p> <p>Distribution: This species is currently known only from the type locality in Himalachal Pradesh, Northwest India (Map 1). The previous record from Uttarakhand (ASSING 2016a) is based on a misidentification.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BAFFC8E5385098819B615DFB15	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, Volker	Assing, Volker (2017): On Zyras sensu strictu in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a focus on the faunas of the Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Sulawesi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (1): 117-192, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.67.1.117-192
03A787BAFFCBE53E50C683FB6242FED5.text	03A787BAFFCBE53E50C683FB6242FED5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zyras (Zyras) pindarae (CHAMPION 1921)	<div><p>Zyras (Zyras) pindarae (CHAMPION, 1921)</p> <p>(Figs 3–5, 44, 82–85, 125–131, Map 2)</p> <p>Myrmedonia (Zyras) pindarae CHAMPION, 1921: 179.</p> <p>Zyras (Zyras) ruficauda CAMERON, 1939a: 543; syn. n.</p> <p>Type material examined: Z. pindarae: Holotype ♀: “ Pindar V. Almora, U.P., 8–11,000 ft., July 1920 H.G.C. / 3613 / Myrmedonia (Zyras) pindarae Champ. / E.M.M. 1921, det. G.C.C. / 1921-141 / Holotype / Holotype Myrmedonia (Zyras) pindarae, det. R.G. Booth 2016” (BMNH).</p> <p>Z. ruficauda: Syntype ♀ [in poor condition: most of head and right elytron missing; dissected prior to present study]: “Holotype [sic] / Ghum dist., Tiger Hill, 8,500– 10,000 ft., v–vi.1931, Dr. Cameron / Z. ruficauda Cam. Type / M. Cameron. Bequest. 1955-147. / Zyras ruficauda Cam., det. R. Pace 1989, Holotypus [sic] / Syntypus ♀ Zyras ruficauda Cameron, rev. V. Assing 2016” (BMNH).</p> <p>Comment: The original description of Z. pindarae is based on a unique specimen of unspecified sex from “Pindar Valley... in Kumaon” (CHAMPION 1921), that of Z. ruficauda on an unspecified number of syntypes from “Ghum district: Tiger Hill” (CAMERON 1939a). Only one syntype of Z. ruficauda was located in the Cameron collection at the BMNH. Since it is a female in poor condition, it is not designated as the lectotype.</p> <p>An examination of the types and of the additional material listed below revealed that this species appears to occur in four colour morphs (see also the notes on intraspecific variation below), one with a uniformly black abdomen, one with the abdomen more or less extensively brown, one with segments VII–X reddish, and one with only segments VIII–X reddish. They are hypothesized to belong to the same species based on the following arguments. First, other significant external differences were not observed, neither in the punctation of the forebody and the abdomen, nor in the shape of the antennae, nor in the proportions of the various body parts. Second, the anterior portions of the posterior segments may be partly paler also in specimens with a seemingly uniformly black abdomen (anterior portions visible only when the respective segments are fully visible). Third, no differences were found in the shape of the aedeagus. And finally, the different colour morphs have sympatric distributions and have on several occasions been collected in the same locality. In consequence, there is little doubt that the type material of Z. pindarae and Z. ruficauda is conspecific, so that the latter is placed in synonymy with the former.</p> <p>Additional material examined: Abdomen completely black: Nepal: 1 ♀, Dhaulagiri, Parbat region, Ghar Khola valley, near Chitre, 2400 m, 24.V.2004, leg. Kleeberg (cKle); 1 ♂, Dhaulagiri, Parbat region, near Chitre, 2400– 2600 m, 27.V.2004, leg. Kleeberg (cAss); 1 ♂ [identified by Pace as Z. condignus], S-slope of Dhaulagiri range, above <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=83.583336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.466667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 83.583336/lat 28.466667)">Pathlekharka</a>, 28°32'N, 83°29'E, 2500–2700 m, 12.V.2009, leg. Schmidt (NME); 1 ♂ [identified by Pace as Z. condignus], S-slope of Dhaulagiri range, N Banduk, 28°28'N, 83°35'E, 2400–2600 m, 8.V.2009, leg. Schmidt (NME); 1 ♀, 2 exs., Annapurna, Sikles range, Dhara Kharka, N Sikles, 2150 m, 27.IV.1996, leg. Schmidt (SDEI, cAss); 1 ♂, Annapurna, Sikles range, N Pokhara, Kyojo Kharka, N Sikles, 2600 m, 29.IV.1996, leg. Schmidt (SDEI); 1 ex., Annapurna, Sikles range, N Pokhara, Hogo [=Hugo] Kharka, N Sikles, 1850 m, 4.V.1996, leg. Schmidt (cAss); 1 ex., same data, but 28.IV.1996 (SDEI); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Annapurna, Sikles range, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=83.583336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.466667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 83.583336/lat 28.466667)">Nyauli Kharka</a>, S Sikles, 2400 m, 21–24.IV.1996, leg. Schmidt (SDEI); 1 ♀ [nanistic], Annapurna, N Pokhara, small river near Sikles, 2200 m, 24.IV.1996, leg. Jäger (SMTD); 1 ♀, Rolwaling, between Simigaon and Nyimare, 2600 m, 17.V.2000, leg. Kleeberg (cKle); 1 ♀, Lalitpur district, Phulchoki, 2650 m, 13.X.1983, leg. Löbl &amp; Smetana (MHNG); 1 ♂, Bagmati province, Malemchi, 2800 m, 14.IV.1981, leg. Löbl &amp; Smetana (MHNG); 1 ♀, Parbat district, Ghoropani Pass, N-slope, 2700 m, 6.X.1983, leg. Löbl &amp; Smetana (MHNG).</p> <p>Abdominal segments VIII–X reddish: Nepal: 1 ♀, Bagmati province, Pokhare NE Barahbise, 2800 m, 2.V.1981, leg. Löbl &amp; Smetana (MHNG).</p> <p>Abdominal segment VII–X reddish: Nepal: 1 ♂, Dhaulagiri, Baglung Lekh, 30 km W Baglung, 2800 m, 21.V.2004, leg. Kleeberg (cAss); 1 ♀, Annapurna, Marsyangdi valley, valley to Bargachap, 1700–2200 m, 22–23.VIII.1995, leg. Schmidt (SDEI); 1 ♀, Annapurna, Sikles range, Dhara Kharka, N Sikles, 2150 m, 27.IV.1996, leg. Schmidt (SDEI); 1 ♂, Parbat District. Ghoropani Pass, N slope, 2700 m 6.X.1983, leg. Smetana &amp; Löbl (MHNG); 1 ♂ [identified by Pace as Z. condignus], S-slope of Dhaulagiri range, above <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=83.48333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.533333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 83.48333/lat 28.533333)">Pathlekharka</a>, 28°32'N, 83°29'E, 2500–2700 m, 12.V.2009, leg. Schmidt (NME); 1 ♀ [identified by Pace as Z. condignus], S-slope of Dhaulagiri range, N <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=83.583336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.466667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 83.583336/lat 28.466667)">Banduk</a>, 28°28'N, 83°35'E, 2400–2600 m, 8.V.2009, leg. Schmidt (NME).</p> <p>Abdomen brownish: Nepal: 1 ♂ [teneral; identified by Pace as Z. perforatus], Bagmati province, Pokhare NE Barahbise, 2700 m, 2.V.1981, leg. Löbl &amp; Smetana (MHNG); 1 ♂ [teneral], Dhaulagiri, Parbat region, Chitre, 2500 m, 26.V.2004, leg. Kleeberg (cKle); 1 ♀, Rolwaling Himal, Simigau village, ca. 2600 m, 28.V.2000, leg. Schmidt (cKle); 1 ♂, Kathmandu, Shivapuri National Park, 2200 m, 24.V.2004, leg. Chaudary (cAss).</p> <p>Redescription: Species of variable size; body length 6.5–8.3 mm; length of forebody 3.1–3.8 mm (one nanistic specimen: body length 6.0 mm; length of forebody 2.7 mm). Coloration (Figs 3–5, 44, 82–85): body completely black, or with the abdominal apex (segments VII–X or VIII–X) reddish, or with the abdomen brown with blackish-brown tergites VI–VII and yellowishbrown margins of tergites III–V; legs bicoloured with the femora blackish-brown to black and the tibiae and tarsi yellowish-brown; antennae black, with antennomere XI dark-reddish to dark-brown; maxillary palpi dark-brown to blackish-brown, with the apical palpomere yellowish.</p> <p>Head (Fig. 44) distinctly transverse, broadly impunctate along middle; punctation in lateral dorsal portions moderately coarse and moderately dense. Eyes slightly longer than postocular region in dorsal view. Antenna (Figs 3–5) 2.4–2.9 mm long and moderately massive; antennomeres IV and V approximately as long as broad, VI–X weakly transverse, X much less than 1.5 times as broad as long, and XI as long as, or slightly shorter than the combined length of IX and X.</p> <p>Pronotum (Fig. 44) weakly transverse, 1.05–1.17 times as broad as long and 1.27–1.40 times as broad as head, broadest near anterior angles, distinctly tapering posteriad; lateral margins straight in posterior half (dorsal view); punctation moderately sparse to moderately dense and slightly irregularly distributed, in antero-lateral portion with sparsely punctate patches on either side; midline rather narrowly impunctate; lateral margins each with four moderately long blackish setae.</p> <p>Elytra (Fig. 44) 0.75–0.80 times as long as pronotum; punctation subject to sexual dimorphism, dense and coarse; scutellum with rather coarse and dense punctation anteriorly, glossy and impunctate in posterior portion. Hind wings fully developed. Metatarsomere I approximately as long as the combined length of II–IV, or nearly so.</p> <p>Abdomen (Figs 82–85) slightly narrower than elytra, with rather shallow anterior impressions on tergites III–V; anterior impressions of tergites III–V each with few non-setiferous punctures in the middle, laterally impunctate; tergites III–V with a lateral setiferous puncture on either side and with four setiferous punctures at posterior margins; tergite VI with few non-setiferous punctures anteriorly, with a lateral setiferous puncture on either side, and with six setiferous punctures at posterior margin; tergite VII with few non-setiferous punctures anteriorly, and with two transverse series of 4–6 setiferous punctures posteriorly, posterior margin with palisade fringe; tergite VIII (Fig. 130) with two transverse series of long black setae near posterior margin; posterior margin concavely excised in the middle, shape of this excision subject to weak sexual dimorphism.</p> <p>♂: punctation of elytra somewhat irregularly distributed, very dense and coarse near scutellum, slightly less dense and less coarse elsewhere; posterior excision of tergite VIII with a pronounced acute process on either side (Fig. 130); sternite VIII (Fig. 131) with convex posterior margin; median lobe of aedeagus 0.95– 1.15 mm long and shaped as in Figs 125–128; paramere (Fig. 129) approximately as long as median lobe and with short apical lobe.</p> <p>♀: punctation of elytra nearly regularly distributed, slightly less dense and less coarse than in male; posterior excision of tergite VIII with less pronounced process on either side; posterior margin of sternite VIII weakly concave in the middle.</p> <p>Intraspecific variation: Zyras pindarae is the first example ofaspeciesof Zyras sensustrictuwithapronouncedcolour polymorphism. The abdomen may be of uniformly black coloration, or brown with blackish segments VI–VII, or bicoloured with either segments VII–X or VIII–X reddish (Figs 82–85). The different colour morphs may occur syntopically. The aedeagus of all morphs is identical (Figs 125–128).</p> <p>Comparative notes: Based on the similar punctation pattern of the forebody and the abdomen, on the similar morphology of the antennae, and on the weakly transverse pronotum, Z. pindarae is attributed to the Z. kraatzi group. It is distinguished from other species of this group by the colour polymorphism of the abdomen, the sexual dimorphism of the elytra punctation, only slightly irregularly distributed punctation of the elytra (practically regular in females), the punctation pattern of the abdomen, and by the shape of the median lobe of the aedeagus.</p> <p>Distribution and natural history: The known distribution includes North India (Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal) and Nepal (Map 2). For previous records from Nepal see PACE (1992, 2006) and ASSING (2016b). Four of the examined specimens from Nepal had been identified by Pace as Z. condignus and one as Z. perforatus, which casts some doubt on previous records by PACE (1992, 2006). The altitudes range from 1850 to 2800 m. In one locality, Z. pindarae was found together with Z. truncatus, in one with Z. pallipes, and in several localities together with Z. perforatus.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BAFFCBE53E50C683FB6242FED5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, Volker	Assing, Volker (2017): On Zyras sensu strictu in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a focus on the faunas of the Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Sulawesi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (1): 117-192, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.67.1.117-192
03A787BAFFCDE53E50C686BB67EDFEF5.text	03A787BAFFCDE53E50C686BB67EDFEF5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zyras (Zyras) morulus Assing 2017	<div><p>Zyras (Zyras) morulus spec. nov.</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 6F52A4A8-EA4C-472C-AEA3-C3BF6A2C1795</p> <p>(Figs 260–265, Map 4)</p> <p>Type material: Holotype ♂: “ NEPAL, Dhaulagiri-Himal, Kali Gand. vall., Yak Kharka (upp. Marpha), 41–4600 m, 12./ 13.VII.1998, leg. Jäger / Holotypus ♂ Zyras morulus sp. n., det. V. Assing 2016” (SMTD). Paratypes: 1 ♂: same data as holotype (cAss); 1 ♂ [slightly teneral] “ NEPAL HIMALAYA, SE Annapurna mts., Telbrung Danda / Abies-Rhododendr.-forest, 10.VI.1997, lg. Jäger” (SMTD); 1 ♀: “ NEPAL, Myagdi distr., S-slope Ruyachaur Duri, 33–3400 m, 24.VI.1998, Berndt/Schmidt / Ankauf A. Dobbertin, Rostock, 2001, Museum Dresden” (SMTD); 1 ♀: “S Lamjun Himal, E-slope Taunja Danda, 3900 m, 11.8.95 / NEPAL Annapurna Mts., leg. Frabrizi, Jäger, Schmidt / DEI Ankauf J. Schmidt 1999” (SDEI).</p> <p>Etymology: The specific epithet (Latin, adjective: black) alludes to the nearly completely black coloration of the whole body.</p> <p>Description: Body length 7.0– 8.5 mm; length of forebody 3.3–3.6 mm. Coloration: body completely black, except for the reddish to dark-brown tarsi, the reddish apical maxillary palpomere, and sometimes the dark reddish-brown antennomere XI.</p> <p>Elytra with punctation not subject to sexual dimorphism, dense, but near scutellum not extremely dense (similar to the condition in female Z. pindarae). Abdominal segment VII on whole surface with sparse non-setiferous micropunctation. Other external characters (Figs 260–262) as in Z. pindarae.</p> <p>♂: shapes and chaetotaxy of tergite and sternite VIII as in Z. pindarae; median lobe of aedeagus 0.9–1.0 mm long and shaped as in Figs 263–264; paramere (Fig. 265) 1.3 mm long, much longer than median lobe, and with rather long and slender apical lobe.</p> <p>♀: tergite and sternite VIII as in Z. pindarae.</p> <p>Comparative notes: Zyras morulus is readily distinguished from the highly similar and evidently closely related Z. pindarae particularly by black tibiae, different punctation of the male elytra and of the abdominal tergite VII, by a basally much broader ventral process of the aedeagus (ventral view), and (both absolutely and relatively) distinctly longer parameres with a longer and more slender apical lobe of the paramere.</p> <p>Distribution and natural history: The type specimens were collected in four localities in the Dhaulagiri and Annapurna ranges (Map 4). The species appears to be confined to high-altitude habitats; the elevations range from approximately 3300 to above 4100 m. One specimen collected in June is slightly teneral.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BAFFCDE53E50C686BB67EDFEF5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, Volker	Assing, Volker (2017): On Zyras sensu strictu in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a focus on the faunas of the Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Sulawesi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (1): 117-192, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.67.1.117-192
03A787BAFFCDE53F5340869B6093FC35.text	03A787BAFFCDE53F5340869B6093FC35.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zyras (Zyras) perforatus (Champion 1921)	<div><p>Zyras (Zyras) perforatus (CHAMPION, 1921)</p> <p>(Figs 6, 45, 86, 132–135, Map 3)</p> <p>Myrmedonia (Zyras) perforata CHAMPION, 1921: 178 f.</p> <p>Type material examined: Lectotype ♂, present designation: “Swal R Basin, Almora U.P., Feb´19. HGC / 2723 / Myrmedonia (Zyras) perforata Ch. / E.M.M., 1921, det. G.C.C. / 1921-141 / Type H.T. [curator label] / Syntype [curator label] / Lectotype ♂ Myrmedonia perforata Champion, desig. V. Assing 2016 / Zyras perforatus (Champion), det. V. Assing 2016” (BMNH). Paralectotype ♀: same data as holotype (BMNH).</p> <p>Comment: The original description is based on type material from “Swal River Basin [type: ii.1919]” and an unspecified number of specimens from “W. Almora, and Nainital [var.], all in Kumaon” (CHAMPION 1921). The variety from Nainital was subsequently described as Z. championi by CAMERON (1939a). PACE (1992) reported three specimens of Z. perforatus from Nepal. Two of them were examined, but only one of them actually belongs to Z. perforatus, the other to Z. pindarae.</p> <p>Two type specimens, a male and a female from Swal River Basin were located in the collections of the BMNH. One of them has a curator label stating “ Holotype ” attached to it, but neither of them was labelled by Champion himself as such. It is not clear whether Champion´s use of the term “type” refers to an individual specimen or to all the specimens (type as opposed to variety) collected in Swal River Basin. Since Champion did not label a specimen as the type, the latter is assumed to be the case and the male is designated as the lectotype.</p> <p>Additional material examined: Nepal: 1 ♀, Annapurna, Sikles range, S Sikles, above Garlang, 1900–2500 m, 19–20.IV.1996, leg. Schmidt (SDEI); 1 ex., 20 km W Pokhara, Panchase mt., NW slope, 2400 m, 21.V.1997, leg. Jäger (SMTD); 1 ex., Annapurna, NE Pokhara, plateau N Sikles, 2200 m, 27.IV.1996, leg. Schmidt &amp; Jäger (cAss); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Kathmandu, Shivapuri National Park, 2200 m, 24.V.2004, leg. Chaudary (cKle, cAss); 1 ♀, Kathmandu, Shivapuri Lekh, slope W of Bagmati river, 2000–2300 m, leg. Schmidt (NME); 1 ♀, Bagmati province, Pokhare NE Barahbise, 2700 m, 7.V.1981, leg. Löbl &amp; Smetana (MHNG); 1 ♀, Rolwaling Himal, Simigaon to Dugong Kharka, 2200–2600 m, 13.V.2000, leg. Schmidt (cKle). India: 1 ♀, Arunachal Pradesh, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=92.21667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 92.21667/lat 27.35)">Dirang</a> env., 27°21'N, 92°13'E, 1700–1900 m, 8.–22.V.2006, leg. Pacholátko (BMNH).</p> <p>Redescription: Relatively large species: body length 6.5–7.6 mm; length of forebody 3.2–3.6 mm. Coloration (Figs 6, 45, 86): forebody black, with the humeral portions of the elytra more or less extensively darkyellowish; abdomen: tergites II blackish-brown, III–IV pale-reddish, V pale-reddish with the middle usually more or less extensively infuscate, VI blackish with the paratergites and the narrow lateral portions reddish, VII blackish, VIII uniformly reddish (type material) or distinctly bicoloured with the anterior half reddishyellow and the posterior half black (material from Nepal), IX–X reddish-yellow, and sternite VIII of similar coloration as tergite VIII; legs yellow; antennae blackish-brown to blackish, with antennomeres I–II and the basal portion of III reddish-yellow and antennomere XI dark-reddish to brown; maxillary palpi dark-yellowish.</p> <p>Head (Fig. 45) distinctly transverse, median portion extensively impunctate; punctures in lateral portions very sparse and moderately coarse. Eyes slightly longer than postocular region in dorsal view. Antenna (Fig. 6) 2.5–2.7 mm long and slender; antennomeres IV weakly oblong, V–VI weakly oblong or as long as broad, VII approximately as long as broad, VIII–X weakly transverse, X less than 1.5 times as broad as long, and XI approximately as long as the combined length of IX and X.</p> <p>Pronotum (Fig. 45) 1.10–1.15 times as broad as long and 1.25–1.30 times as broad as head, broadest in anterior half; disc with scattered and very irregularly distributed double punctation (i.e., with both coarse and fine punctures); midline broadly impunctate; lateral margins with four long black setae.</p> <p>Elytra (Fig. 45) approximately 0.8 times as long as pronotum; punctation conspicuously sparse and irregularly distributed, less sparse near scutellum, posterior portion of disc only with scattered punctation and with large impunctate areas; pubescence pale and depressed. Scutellum with coarse and dense punctation. Hind wings fully developed. Metatarsomere I approximately as long as the combined length of II–IV, or nearly so.</p> <p>Abdomen (Fig. 86) approximately as broad as elytra, with rather shallow anterior impressions on tergites III–V; anterior impressions of tergites III–V each with a transverse row of not very dense and mostly weakly defined non-setiferous punctures; tergites III–IV with a lateral setiferous puncture on either side and with four setiferous punctures at posterior margin; tergite V with a lateral setiferous puncture on either side and with six setiferous punctures at posterior margin; tergite VI with a transverse row of non-setiferous punctures anteriorly, with a lateral setiferous puncture on either side, and with six setiferous punctures at posterior margin; tergite VII with a narrow transverse band of non-setiferous punctures anteriorly and with two more or less irregular transverse rows of setiferous punctures in posterior half, posterior margin with palisade fringe; tergite VIII (Fig. 134) with setiferous punctures only in posterior portion, posterior margin convex, in the middle concave, and on either side of this concavity obtusely produced.</p> <p>♂: posterior margin of sternite VIII convex (Fig. 135); median lobe of aedeagus 1.0– 1.2 mm long and shaped as in Figs 132–133; paramere approximately 1.1 mm long, apical lobe of moderate length.</p> <p>Comparative notes: Among the Himalayan representatives of the subgenus Zyras, Z. perforatus is most similar to Z. pallipes, from which it differs particularly by larger size, different coloration of the elytra (yellowish coloration confined to humeral portion) and of the abdomen (lateral portions of tergites V and VI reddish), much sparser punctation of the pronotum and the elytra, and by a larger aedeagus with a ventral process of different shape (especially in ventral view).</p> <p>Distribution and natural history:This species has been recorded from several localities in North India and Nepal (Map 3). For additional records see Assing (2016b). The altitudes range from approximately 1800 to 2600 m. In several localities, Z. perforatus was found together with Z. pindarae.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BAFFCDE53F5340869B6093FC35	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, Volker	Assing, Volker (2017): On Zyras sensu strictu in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a focus on the faunas of the Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Sulawesi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (1): 117-192, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.67.1.117-192
03A787BAFFCCE53C531A84DB61B5F935.text	03A787BAFFCCE53C531A84DB61B5F935.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zyras (Zyras) championi CAMERON 1939	<div><p>Zyras (Zyras) championi CAMERON, 1939</p> <p>(Figs 7, 46, 87, Map 1)</p> <p>Zyras (Zyras) championi CAMERON, 1939a: 537</p> <p>Type material examined: Syntypes: 1 ♀: “Theog 7600', Simla Hills. / Dr. Cameron. 11.IX.1921. / Championi Cam Type / M. Cameron. Bequest. B.M. 1955-147 / Syntype” (BMNH); 1 ♀: “Nainital, Kumaon, U.P., India. H.G.C. / Myrmedonia (Zyras) [specific epithet illegible] Ch / E.M.M. 1921. det. G.C.C. / 1921-141. / Championi Cam. / Syntype / Syntype Zyras championi Cam., det. R.G. Booth 2016” (BMNH).</p> <p>Comment: The original description is based on an unspecified number of syntypes from “Simla Hills: Theog, alt. 7000 feet. Kumaun: Naini Tal” (CAMERON 1939a). Two syntypes were located in the Cameron collection at the BMNH. Since both of them are females and clearly conspecific, a lectotype is not designated.</p> <p>Redescription: Relatively large species: body length 6.7–7.0 mm; length of forebody 3.0– 3.1 mm. Coloration distinctive (Figs 7, 46, 87): head and pronotum black; elytra reddish-yellow, with the postero-lateral portions sharply black; abdomen distinctly bicoloured: tergites II black, III–IV pale-reddish, V black with the anterior margin and the antero-lateral portions pale-reddish, VI black with the antero-lateral portions reddish, and VII–X pale-reddish; legs yellow; antennae blackishbrown to blackish, with (the apical half of) antennomere XI slightly paler; maxillary palpi yellowish to yellowishbrown with palpomere III weakly infuscate.</p> <p>Head (Fig. 46) distinctly transverse, median portion extensively impunctate; punctures in lateral portions sparse and rather fine. Eyes longer than postocular region in dorsal view. Antenna (Fig. 7) 2.3 mm long and rather massive; antennomeres IV–V weakly oblong or as long as broad, VI–X increasingly transverse and of gradually increasing width, X approximately 1.5 times as broad as long, and XI approximately as long as the combined length of IX and X. Pronotum (Fig. 46) approximately 1.15 times as broad as long and approximately 1.3 times as broad as head, broadest in anterior half; punctation rather fine, sparse, and very irregularly distributed, with rather large impunctate areas on either side of midline; midline broadly impunctate.</p> <p>Elytra (Fig. 46) approximately 0.8 times as long as pronotum; punctation moderately coarse, defined, and very irregularly distributed, rather dense anteriorly and near scutellum, less dense laterally, and very sparse or absent in postero-median portion. Hind wings fully developed. Metatarsomere I approximately as long as the combined length of II–IV.</p> <p>Abdomen (Fig. 87) nearly as broad as elytra, with moderately deep anterior impressions on tergites III–V; anterior impressions of tergites III–V each with a transverse row of not very dense and mostly weakly defined non-setiferous punctures; tergites III–IV with a lateral setiferous puncture on either side and with four setiferous punctures at posterior margin; tergite V with a lateral setiferous puncture on either side and with six setiferous punctures at posterior margin; tergite VI with a transverse row of non-setiferous punctures anteriorly, with a lateral setiferous puncture on either side, and with six setiferous punctures at posterior margin; tergite VII with a narrow transverse band of non-setiferous punctures anteriorly and with two transverse rows of setiferous punctures in posterior half, posterior margin with palisade fringe; tergite VIII with setiferous punctures only in posterior portion, posterior margin convex and with indistinct concavity in the middle.</p> <p>♂: unknown.</p> <p>Comparative notes: This species is readily distinguished from all other Himalayan representatives of similar size by the conspicuous coloration of the abdomen alone.</p> <p>Distribution: The known distribution is confined to two localities in Uttar Pradesh, North India (Map 1).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BAFFCCE53C531A84DB61B5F935	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, Volker	Assing, Volker (2017): On Zyras sensu strictu in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a focus on the faunas of the Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Sulawesi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (1): 117-192, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.67.1.117-192
03A787BAFFCFE53D50C681DB61C8FC55.text	03A787BAFFCFE53D50C681DB61C8FC55.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zyras (Zyras) pallipes PACE 1992	<div><p>Zyras (Zyras) pallipes PACE, 1992</p> <p>(Figs 8, 47, 88, 136–139, Map 1)</p> <p>Zyras (Zyras) pallipes PACE, 1992: 140.</p> <p>Type material examined: Holotype ♂: “Damp mossy grassy earth in shade of trees &amp; rocks / NEPAL: <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=84.125&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.383333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 84.125/lat 28.383333)">Bakhri Kharka</a>. 84°7.5'E., 28°23'N. 5,500 ft. 24.vi.1954. K.H. Hyatt. / B.M. Nepal Expdt., B.M. 1954-540. / Holotypus Zyras pallipes m., det. R. Pace 1988 / Holotype / Zyras pallipes sp. n., det. R. Pace 1988 ” (BMNH).</p> <p>Comment: The original description is based on a unique male holotype from “ Nepal, Bakhri Kharka, 87° 75' E–28° 234 N [sic]” (PACE 1992).</p> <p>Additional material examined: Nepal: 1 ♀, Rolwaling Himal, Simigaon → Dugong Kharka, 2200–2600 m, 13.V.2000, leg. Schmidt (cKle); 1 ♂, Rolwaling Himal, Simigau vill., 2000 m, 2.VI.2000, leg. Schmidt (cAss); 1 ♀ [teneral], Kathmandu, Kakani, 2070 m, Malaise trap, 1–14.VII.1984 (BMNH).</p> <p>Redescription: Body length 6.0– 7.5 mm; length of forebody 2.7–3.2 mm. Coloration (Figs 8, 47, 88): head and pronotum black; elytra reddish-yellow with the posterolateral portions blackish; abdomen bicoloured with tergites III–IV, anterior margin of V, and anterior half of VIII pale-reddish, tergites II, V–VII blackish, and posterior half of VIII brown to black; legs yellowish; antennae blackish-brown to black; maxillary palpi yellowish with palpomere III more or less distinctly infuscate.</p> <p>Head (Fig. 47) distinctly transverse, median portion extensively impunctate; punctures in lateral portions moderately dense and moderately coarse. Eyes longer than postocular region in dorsal view. Antenna (Fig. 8) 2.3–2.5 mm long and rather slender; antennomeres IV–V weakly oblong, VI approximately as long as broad, VII–X of gradually increasing width and increasingly transverse, X less than 1.5 times as broad as long, and XI approximately as long as the combined length of IX–X.</p> <p>Pronotum (Fig. 47) rather weakly transverse, 1.10–1.15 times as broad as long and approximately 1.3 times as broad as head, broadest near anterior angles; punctation not very coarse, rather sparse, and slightly irregularly distributed, on either side of midline with impunctate patches; midline broadly impunctate; lateral setae broken off in all specimens examined.</p> <p>Elytra (Fig. 47) approximately 0.75 times as long as pronotum; punctation rather coarse, dense, and defined, denser in anterior (especially near scutellum) than in posterior half, very sparse in postero-sutural portion. Hind wings fully developed. Metatarsomere I approximately as long as the combined length of II–IV.</p> <p>Abdomen (Fig. 88) narrower than elytra, with deep anterior impressions on tergites III–V; anterior impressions of tergites III–V each with a transverse row of rather coarse non-setiferous punctures; tergites III–IV with a lateral setiferous puncture on either side and with four setiferous punctures at posterior margins; tergite V with a lateral setiferous puncture on either side and with six setiferous punctures at posterior margin; tergite VI with a narrow transverse band of nonsetiferous punctures anteriorly, with a lateral setiferous puncture on either side, and with six setiferous punctures at posterior margin; tergite VII with a transverse band of non-setiferous punctures anteriorly and with sparse setiferous punctures arranged in two more or less irregular transverse rows posteriorly, posterior margin with palisade fringe; tergite VIII (Fig. 138) with sparse setiferous punctation only in posterior portion, posterior margin with a pair of two more or less pronounced projections in the middle.</p> <p>♂: posterior margin of sternite VIII (Fig. 139) strongly convex, in the middle nearly trunctate; median lobe of aedeagus (Figs 136–137) approximately 1.0 mm long; ventral process somewhat constricted basally in ventral view; crista apicalis small; paramere approximately 1.2 mm long and with rather slender apical lobe.</p> <p>♀: posterior margin of sternite VIII weakly concave in the middle.</p> <p>Comparative notes: Aside from the coloration, especially that of the abdomen and the antennae, Z. pallipes is characterized particularly by the shape of the aedeagus, above all by the basally constricted ventral process. The possibility that Z. pallipes represents a colour morph of Z. championi cannot be ruled out. However, males from the vicinity of the type locality of Z. championi would be required to clarify this.</p> <p>Distribution and natural history: The known distribution is confined to Central and East Nepal (Map 1). The altitudes range from 1680 to between 2200 and 2600 m.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BAFFCFE53D50C681DB61C8FC55	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, Volker	Assing, Volker (2017): On Zyras sensu strictu in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a focus on the faunas of the Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Sulawesi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (1): 117-192, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.67.1.117-192
03A787BAFFCEE5225098833B62C6FBB5.text	03A787BAFFCEE5225098833B62C6FBB5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zyras (Zyras) castaneus (Motschulsky 1861)	<div><p>Zyras (Zyras) castaneus (MOTSCHULSKY, 1861)</p> <p>(Fig. 27, Map 5)</p> <p>Hygroptera castanea MOTSCHULSKY, 1861: 150.</p> <p>Drusilla adulescens PACE, 1987b: 212; syn. n.</p> <p>Zyras (Zyras) britannorum PACE, 1992: 140 ff.; syn. n.</p> <p>Zyras (Zyras) fratrumkadooriorum PACE, 1998: 968; syn. n.</p> <p>Zyras (Zyras) chumphonensis PACE, 2004: 292; syn. n.</p> <p>Zyras (Zyras) dibrugarhensis PACE, 2011: 36 f.; syn. n.</p> <p>Type material examined: H. castanea: Lectotype ♂, present designation: “[red quadrangular label] / [yellow round label] / Type / Hygroptera castanea Motsch, Ind. or. Ceyl. M. Patans [sic] / Lectotypus ♂ Hygroptera castanea Motschulsky, desig. V. Assing 2016 / Zyras castaneus (Motschulsky), det. V. Assing 2016” (ZMM).</p> <p>D. adulescens: Paratype ♂: “ SABAH, Pangi 29-VIII-82, de Rougemont / Paratypus Drusilla adulescens m., det. R. Pace 1983 / Drusilla adulescens n. sp., det. R. Pace 1983 / Zyras castaneus (Motschulsky), det. V. Assing 2017” (cRou).</p> <p>Z. britannorum: Holotype ♀: “ NEPAL: 4500', Kathmandu, British Embassy, 20.v.–23.vi.1983. / At light / M.J.D. Brendell, 1983-222 / Holotype / Holotypus Zyras britannorum mihi, det. R. Pace 1988 / Zyras britannorum sp. n., det. R. Pace 1988 ” (BMNH).</p> <p>Z. fratrumkadooriorum: see ASSING (2016a).</p> <p>Z. chumphonensis: see ASSING (2016b).</p> <p>Z. dibrugarhensis: Holotype ♂: “ INDIA Assam, Dibrugarh, 3.vi.2006, G. de Rougemont / Flight interception trap / Holotypus Zyras dibrugarthensis [sic] mihi, det. R. Pace 2010 / Zyras dibrugarthensis [sic] sp. n., det. R. Pace 2010 / Zyras britannorum Pace, det. V. Assing 2016” (cRou). Paratype ♀: same data as holotype (cRou).</p> <p>Comment: MOTSCHULSKY (1861) based the original description of Hygroptera castanea on an unspecified number of syntypes from “la sommité du Mont Patannas” (Sri Lanka). HLAVÁČ et al. (2011) erroneously give Myrmedonia castanea as the original combination. The sole syntype in the Motschulsky collection at the ZMM, a male in fair condition, is designated as the lectotype. An examination of this specimen revealed that it is conspecific with the type material of Z. britannorum, Z. fratrumkadooriorum, Z. chumphonensis, and Z. dibrugarhensis.</p> <p>Drusilla adulescens was described based on a male holotype and a male paratype from “ Sabah, Pangi” (PACE 1987b). The species was moved to Zyras by PACE (2008). An examination of the paratype revealed that it is conspecific with Z. castaneus.</p> <p>The original description of Z. britannorum is based on a unique female holotype from “ Nepal, Kathmandu, British Embassy” (PACE 1992). In the original description of Z. dibrugarhensis, which is based on a male holotype and three female paratypes from “ India, Assam, Dibrugarh”, PACE (2011) compares the species with “ M. [sic] tianmumontis PACE, 1998 from China ”, but not with Z. britannorum or any other geographically close species; moreover, the name tianmumontis is unavailable and Pace never described any Zyras (s. str.) species from Tianmu Shan.</p> <p>Zyras fratrumkadoorium PACE, 1998, a species described from Hong Kong, was revised by ASSING (2016a) and has a junior synonym, Z. chumphonensis PACE, 2004, which was described from Thailand (ASSING (2016b). An examination of the type specimens of Z. britannorum and Z. dibrugarhensis revealed that not only are they conspecific with each other, but also with Z. fratrumkadooriorum and Z. castaenus. In consequence, Z. adulescens, Z. britannorum, Z. fratrumkadooriorum, Z. chumphonensis, and Z. dibrugarhensis are all placed in synonymy with Z. castaneus.</p> <p>For a detailed description and illustrations of external and the male sexual characters see ASSING (2016a) (as Z. fratrumkadooriorum).</p> <p>Additional material examined: India: 2 ♀♀, Arunachal Pradesh, 8 km S Jamiri, Sessa env., 27°07–09'N, 92°34'E, 350 m, 26.V.–4.VI.2005, leg. Dembický (BMNH, cAss). Thailand: see paratypes of Z. drugmandi in the section on Z. proximus. Laos: 1 ex., Kham Mouan province, ca 70 km NNE Muang Khammouan, Nakai village, 560 m, V.2002, leg. Štrba (cAss). Malaysia: 1 ♀, W. Pahang, Genting Tea Estate, 600 m, Malaise trap by stream, XI.1981 (BMNH); 1 ♀, Pahang district, 30 km NE Raub, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.63333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=3.9333334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.63333/lat 3.9333334)">Laba Lembik</a>, 3°56'N, 101°38'E, 300 m, 22.IV.–15.V.2002, leg. Jendek &amp; Šauša (cHla); 1 ♀, Sabah, Sandakan, S Lokan, flight interception trap, IX.1996, leg. Chung (cAss). Brunei: 1 ♀, Rampayoh R., Upper waterfall, 1–4.III.1982, leg. Day (BMNH). Indonesia: 3 exs., Jawa Barat, Cianjur, Kebun Raya, Cibodas, 1400 m, flight interception trap, 29.I.–4.II.2004, leg. Maruyama (cMar, cAss); 1 ♂, E Kalimantan, 55 km W Balikpapan, PT <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=116.35&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 116.35/lat -1.3)">Fajar Surya Swadaya</a> [area], 01°18'S, 116°21'E, 100 m, 24–29. XI.2011, leg. Hájek et al. (cAss).</p> <p>Intraspecific variation: The above females from Pahang and Brunei have the abdominal tergite VI reddish, but are otherwise identical to specimens seen from other regions. Moreover, the coloration of the elytra may be rather variable, ranging from dark with only the humeral angles yellow to yellowish with only the postero-lateral portions dark.</p> <p>Distribution and natural history: The known distribution of Z. castaneus now ranges from Nepal, India, and Sri Lanka across Southwest China (Yunnan), Thailand, and Laos eastwards to Hong Kong and southeastwards to Peninsular Malaysia, Java, and Borneo (Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia) (Map 5). Most, if not all, specimens known at present were collected with flight interception, Malaise, and light traps at altitudes from near sea level to 1400 m, often near running water.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BAFFCEE5225098833B62C6FBB5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, Volker	Assing, Volker (2017): On Zyras sensu strictu in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a focus on the faunas of the Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Sulawesi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (1): 117-192, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.67.1.117-192
03A787BAFFD1E52250C6835B6738F855.text	03A787BAFFD1E52250C6835B6738F855.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zyras (Zyras) nigroaeneus Cameron 1939	<div><p>Zyras (Zyras) nigroaeneus CAMERON, 1939</p> <p>(Figs 22, 50, 81, 140–141, Map 2)</p> <p>Zyras (Zyras) nigroaeneus CAMERON, 1939a: 543 f.</p> <p>Type material examined: Syntype ♂ [aedeagus missing]: “Narkanda 9230', Simla Hills / Fungus / Dr. Cameron. 14-IX.1921 / Z. nigraeneus [sic] Cam Type / M. Cameron. Bequest. B.M. 1955-147 / Holotype / Syntypus Zyras nigroaeneus Cameron, rev. V. Assing 2016” (BMNH).</p> <p>Comment: The original description is based on an unspecified number of syntypes from “Simla Hills: Narkanda, alt. 9230 feet ” (CAMERON 1939a). Only one syntype, a male without aedeagus, was located in the Cameron collection.</p> <p>Additional material examined: India: 1 ♀, Uttar Pradesh, Nainital Div., Kumaon, leg. Champion (BMNH).</p> <p>Redescription: Species of slender habitus. Body length 5.1–6.0 mm; length of forebody 2.7–2.8 mm. Coloration (Figs 22, 50, 81): whole body black, forebody with a faint blueish hue; legs bicoloured: femora blackish-brown, tibiae and tarsi pale-yellowish; antennae blackish-brown with antennomeres I–II and the base of III yellowish; maxillary palpi brown, with the terminal palpomere yellowish.</p> <p>Head (Fig. 50) moderately transverse, median portion extensively impunctate; punctures in lateral portions sparse and coarse. Eyes longer than postocular region in dorsal view. Antenna (Fig. 22) approximately 1.8 mm long and moderately slender; antennomeres IV–V approximately as long as broad, VI–X increasingly transverse and of gradually increasing width, X approximately 1.5 times as broad as long, and XI barely as long as the combined length of IX and X.</p> <p>Pronotum (Fig. 50) approximately 1.1 times as broad as long and approximately 1.25 times as broad as head, not distinctly tapering posteriad, broadest approximately in the middle; lateral margins weakly convex in dorsal view; punctation coarse, sparse, and very irregularly distributed, with rather large impunctate areas on either side of midline; midline broadly impunctate.</p> <p>Elytra (Fig. 50) 0.86–0.93 times as long as pronotum; punctation moderately coarse, defined, rather sparse, and regularly distributed; interstices on average approximately three times as broad as diameter of punctures. Hind wings fully developed. Metatarsomere I shorter than the combined length of II–IV.</p> <p>Abdomen (Fig. 81) narrower than elytra, gradually tapering from base to apex, with sharp paratergites; anterior impressions on tergites III–V rather shallow; anterior impressions of tergites III–V each with a transverse row of sparse and fine non-setiferous punctures; tergites III–IV with a lateral setiferous puncture on either side and with four setiferous punctures at posterior margin; tergite V with a lateral setiferous puncture on either side and with six setiferous punctures at posterior margin; tergite VI with a transverse row of non-setiferous punctures anteriorly, with a lateral setiferous puncture on either side, with a median pair of setiferous punctures in posterior portion, and with six setiferous punctures at posterior margin; tergite VII with a transverse band of sparse and fine non-setiferous punctures anteriorly and with scattered setiferous punctures in posterior portion, posterior margin with palisade fringe; tergite VIII (Fig. 140) with sparse setiferous punctures only in posterior portion, posterior margin convex and with distinct concavity in the middle.</p> <p>♂: sternite VIII (Fig. 141) much longer than tergite VIII, posteriorly strongly convex; aedeagus not available.</p> <p>♀: posterior margin of sternite VIII shallowly concave in the middle.</p> <p>Comparative notes: Among its geographically close congeners, Z. nigroaeneus is characterized particularly by its slender habitus, the conspicuous coloration of the body and the legs, and by the punctation pattern of the abdomen.</p> <p>Distribution and natural history: This species is currently known only from its type locality in Himachal Pradesh and from one locality in Uttar Pradesh, North India (Map 2). The syntype was collected at an altitude of approximately 2800 m.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BAFFD1E52250C6835B6738F855	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, Volker	Assing, Volker (2017): On Zyras sensu strictu in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a focus on the faunas of the Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Sulawesi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (1): 117-192, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.67.1.117-192
03A787BAFFD0E520509887FB62D0FE15.text	03A787BAFFD0E520509887FB62D0FE15.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zyras (Zyras) condignus Last 1969	<div><p>Zyras (Zyras) condignus LAST, 1969</p> <p>(Figs 9, 48–49, 94, 142–147, Map 4)</p> <p>Zyras (Zyras) distinctus CAMERON, 1939a: 540 f.; preoccupied. Zyras (Zyras) condignus LAST, 1969: 279 f.; replacement name.</p> <p>Type material examined: Syntype ♀: “ Chakrata Dist. Manjgaon 6500' / Z. distinctus Cam Type / M. Cameron. Bequest. B.M. 1955-147 / Holotype / Syntypus Zyras distinctus Cameron, rev. V. Assing 2016 / Zyras condignus Last, det. V. Assing 2016” (BMNH).</p> <p>Comment: The original description is based on an unspecified number of syntypes from “ Chakrata district: Manjgaon, alt. 6500 feet ” (CAMERON 1939a).</p> <p>Additional material examined: Nepal: 2 ♀♀ Bagmati province, Phulchauki near Kathmandu, 1700 m, 10.V. 1981, leg. Löbl (MHNG, cAss); 1 ♀, Nagarjun Forest near Kathmandu, 1650 m, 1.IV.1981, leg. Löbl &amp; Smetana (MHNG); 1 ♂, Rolwaling Himal, Simigaon, 2000 m, 2.VI. 2000, leg. Kleeberg (cAss); 3 ♂♂, Khandbari district, Arun river, Num env., 1500–1600 m, 10.IV.1982, leg. Smetana (MHNG, cAss); 1 ♂ [teneral], Gandaki Province, 10 km NW Pokhara, Yamdi Khola Valley, 1100 m, 3.VI.2002, leg. Schmidt (NME).</p> <p>Redescription: Body length 5.6–7.2 mm; length of forebody 2.7–3.1 mm. Coloration (Figs 9, 48–49, 94): forebody brown; abdomen uniformly blackish-brown, or blackish-brown with the paratergites partly paler, or bicoloured with tergites II–V reddish to dark-reddish, tergites VI–VII dark-brown, and VIII dark-reddish with the middle more or less extensively dark-brown to blackish-brown; legs yellowish with the apices of the meso- and metafemora more or less distinctly and more or less extensively infuscate; antennae brown to dark-brown with antennomeres I–II or I–III more or less distinctly paler and XI reddish; maxillary palpi pale reddish-brown with palpomere IV yellowish.</p> <p>Head (Figs 48–49) distinctly transverse, median portion extensively impunctate; punctures in lateral portions sparse and moderately coarse. Eyes longer than postocular region in dorsal view. Antenna (Fig. 9) 2.4–2.8 mm long and slender; antennomeres IV–VII oblong, VIII approximately as long as broad, IX–X very weakly transverse, and XI much shorter than the combined length of IX and X.</p> <p>Pronotum (Figs 48–49) approximately 1.15 times as broad as long and 1.20–1.25 times as broad as head, broadest at anterior angles, weakly tapering posteriad; lateral margins not distinctly sinuate in posterior half in dorsal view; punctation coarse and very irregularly distributed, on either side of midline with extensive impunctate areas; surface of disc conspicuously uneven, in postero-lateral portion usually with a densely punctate impression of variable size and shape on either side; lateral margins each with four long and erect black setae, one of them inserting near anterior and one near posterior angle, and two in between; pubescence of disc short, depressed, and pale.</p> <p>Elytra (Figs 48–49) 0.80–0.85 times as long as pronotum; punctation moderately coarse, very dense, and defined, regularly distributed; whole disc with dense, moderately long, fine, and sub-erect pale pubescence, laterally with long, stout, and erect setae. Hind wings fully developed. Metatarsomere I nearly as long as the combined length of II–IV.</p> <p>Abdomen (Fig. 94) slightly narrower than elytra, with deep anterior impressions on tergites III–V; anterior impressions of tergites III–V each with a transverse row of rather weakly defined pits; tergite III with a lateral setiferous puncture on either side and with a transverse row of six setiferous punctures bearing long brown setae near posterior margin; tergite IV with a lateral setiferous puncture on either side and with a transverse row of approximately eight setiferous punctures near posterior margin; tergite V with a lateral setiferous puncture on either side and with a transverse row of approximately ten setiferous punctures at posterior margin; tergite VI anteriorly with a transverse row of non-setiferous punctures, with a transverse row of four setiferous punctures in posterior portion, and with numerous setiferous punctures at posterior margin; tergite VII anteriorly with some non-setiferous punctures and posteriorly with irregular setiferous punctation, posterior margin with palisade fringe; tergite VIII (Fig. 146) with brown long setae only in posterior half, posterior margin convex, in the middle often weakly concave; all sternites with numerous long brown setae posteriorly.</p> <p>♂: sternite VIII (Fig. 147) apically conspicuously acute; median lobe of aedeagus approximately 0.7 mm long and shaped as in Figs 142–143; paramere (Figs 144–145) approximately 0.9 mm long, apical lobe distinctly modified, long, depressed, and apically rounded.</p> <p>♀: posterior margin of sternite VIII convex, in the middle sometimes weakly concave.</p> <p>Comparative notes: Despite the dense and long pubescence of the abdominal sternites, Z. condignus does not belong to the Z. hirtus group, as can be inferred particularly from the modified and conspicuously long apical lobe of the paramere. Instead, the morphology of the paramere, the slender habitus, and the similar modifications of the pronotum suggest that it is allied to Z. proximus and Z. novinversus. The species is readily distinguished from other geographically close consubgeners particularly by the modifications of the pronotum, the conspicuous shape of the male sternite VIII, the shape of the median lobe of the aedeagus, and by the modified shape of the apical lobe of the paramere.</p> <p>Distribution and natural history: The confirmed distribution is confined to Uttarakhand, North India and several localities in Nepal. The records reported by PACE (2006) may be doubtful; two examined specimens identified by him as Z. condignus in fact belong to Z. pindarae. Records from Vietnam and Taiwan (HLAVÁČ et al. 2011) are most likely based on misidentications. They probably refer to Z. proximus.</p> <p>The altitudes range from 1100 to 2000 m. One specimen collected in June is teneral.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BAFFD0E520509887FB62D0FE15	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, Volker	Assing, Volker (2017): On Zyras sensu strictu in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a focus on the faunas of the Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Sulawesi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (1): 117-192, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.67.1.117-192
03A787BAFFD3E52050C686FB670BF815.text	03A787BAFFD3E52050C686FB670BF815.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zyras (Zyras) morvani Pace 1986	<div><p>Zyras (Zyras) morvani PACE, 1986</p> <p>(Figs 25, 51, 93, 148–149, Map 3)</p> <p>Zyras (Zyras) morvani PACE, 1986c: 182.</p> <p>Type material examined: Holotype ♂: “ Takumsibang, 1750 m. IV.73, P. Morvan / Coll. Rougemont / Holotypus Zyras morvani m., det. R. Pace 1983 / Zyras morvani n. sp., det. R. Pace, 1983 / Zyras morvani Pace, det. V. Assing 2016” (MCSNV).</p> <p>Comment: The original description is based on a unique male from “ Nepal, Takum Sibang” (PACE 1986c).</p> <p>Additional material examined: Nepal: 1 ♀, Annapurna, Marsyangdi valley, Syangde env., 1100 m, 30.V.1993, leg. Schmidt (cAss).</p> <p>Redescription: Body length 5.6–6.0 mm; length of forebody 2.6–2.7 mm. Coloration (Figs 25, 51, 93): head black; pronotum and elytra dark-brown to blackishbrown; abdomen dark-brown to blackish-brown with the anterior portions of the paratergites paler; legs yellow with the apices of all femora blackish; antennae with the basal 3–4 antennomeres dark-brown to blackish-brown and the remainder gradually becoming paler towards apex, apical 3–5 antennomers dark-yellowish; maxillary palpi brown to dark-brown with palpomere IV yellowish.</p> <p>Head (Fig. 51) moderately transverse, median portion extensively impunctate; punctures in lateral portions sparse and fine. Eyes large and bulging, more than twice as long as distance from posterior margin of eye to posterior constriction of head in dorsal view. Antenna (Fig. 25) approximately 2.0 mm long and moderately slender; antennomeres IV weakly oblong, V approximately as broad as long, VI–X of gradually increasing width and increasingly transverse, X approximately 1.5 times as broad as long or nearly so, and XI barely as long as the combined length of IX and X.</p> <p>Pronotum (Fig. 51) weakly transverse, 1.03–1.07 times as broad as long and 1.13–1.15 times as broad as head, broadest in anterior half, distinctly tapering posteriad; lateral margins distinctly sinuate in posterior half in dorsal view; punctation fine and slightly irregularly distributed; lateral margins each with five long and erect black setae, anterior margins with an additional long and erect black seta on either side; pubescence of disc rather long, sub-erect, and pale.</p> <p>Elytra (Fig. 51) 0.78–0.82 times as long as pronotum; punctation fine, moderately dense, and regularly distributed; whole disc with dense, long, and sub-erect pale pubescence, laterally with long, stout, and erect setae. Hind wings fully developed. Metatarsomere I longer than the combined length of II and III.</p> <p>Abdomen (Fig. 93) slightly narrower than elytra, with rather deep anterior impressions on tergites III–V; anterior impressions of tergites III–V each with a transverse row of numerous rather weakly defined grooves; tergite III with a lateral setiferous puncture on either side and with numerous fine setiferous punctures at posterior margin; tergites IV and V with a median pair of setiferous punctures, with a lateral setiferous puncture on either side, and with numerous fine setiferous punctures at posterior margin; tergite VI with a transverse row of non-setiferous punctures anteriorly, with a transverse row of rather numerous setiferous punctures at posterior third, and with numerous setiferous punctures at posterior margin; tergite VII with a transverse band of non-setiferous punctures anteriorly and with two transverse rows of setiferous punctures posteriorly, posterior margin with palisade fringe; posterior margin of tergite VIII with a shallow median concavity (Fig. 148).</p> <p>♂: sternite VIII (Fig. 149) oblong, strongly convex posteriorly; median lobe of aedeagus approximately 0.7 mm long and shaped as figured by PACE (1986c); paramere slightly longer than median lobe, apical lobe not distinctly modified, moderately long and apically acute.</p> <p>♀: posterior margin of sternite VIII convex, in the middle indistinctly concave.</p> <p>Comparative notes: Though similar in size and habitus to Z. condignus, Z. morvani differs from this species in numerous characters, such as much shorter and less slender antennae with more transverse antennomeres VI–X, the coloration of the antennae and the legs, much larger eyes, a more slender pronotum with sinuate lateral margins and a smooth surface, finer and practically regular punctation of the pronotum and the elytra, a different punctation pattern of the abdomen (particularly the much more numerous setiferous punctures at the posterior margins of the tergites), a completely different shape of the male sternite VIII, and the shapes of the median lobe and the parameres of the aedeagus.</p> <p>Distribution and natural history: The currently known distribution is confined to two localities in the Dhaulagiri and Annapurna ranges, Nepal (Map 3), where the two known specimens were collected at altitudes of 1100 and 1750 m.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BAFFD3E52050C686FB670BF815	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, Volker	Assing, Volker (2017): On Zyras sensu strictu in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a focus on the faunas of the Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Sulawesi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (1): 117-192, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.67.1.117-192
03A787BAFFD2E526509887FB617CFED5.text	03A787BAFFD2E526509887FB617CFED5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zyras (Zyras) truncatus Assing 2017	<div><p>Zyras (Zyras) truncatus spec. nov.</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D18CCF00-B59C-4826-9750-E0991FFD871E</p> <p>(Figs 11, 52, 91, 150–155, Map 3)</p> <p>Type material: Holotype ♂: “ NEPAL Himalaya, Dhawalagiri, 2004, Region Parbat / Chitre, 2500 m, 25.05.2004, leg. A. Kleeberg / Holotypus ♂ Zyras truncatus sp. n., det. V. Assing 2016” (cAss). Paratypes: 1 ♂: “ NEPAL Himalaya, Dhawalagiri, 2004, Region Parbat / near Chitre, Ghar Khola valley, ~ 2400 m, 24.05.2004, leg. A. Kleeberg ” (cKle); 1 ♀: “ NEPAL Himalaya, Dhawalagiri, 2004, Region Parbat / near Chitre, 2.4–2.600 m [sic], 27.05.200 [sic], leave [sic] litter, leg. A. Kleeberg ” (cKle).</p> <p>Etymology: The specific epithet (Latin, adjective) alludes to the apically truncate male sternite VIII.</p> <p>Description: Body length 5.6–6.3 mm; length of forebody 2.5–2.8 mm. Coloration (Figs 11, 52, 91): head black; pronotum blackish-brown to black; elytra blackish with the humeral portion reddish-yellow and the suture narrowly dark-reddish; abdomen with segments II–V brown, segments VI–VII blackish (except for the partly brown margins), and segments VIII–X dark-brown to blackish-brown; legs dark-yellowish to yellowish-brown; antennae dark-brown with antennomeres I–II and the base of III yellowish-brown and the apical 1–2 antennomeres more or less distinctly pale-brown; maxillary palpi dark-yellowish with palpomere IV paler yellowish.</p> <p>Head (Fig. 52) rather weakly transverse, median portion extensively impunctate; punctures in lateral portions very sparse and moderately coarse. Eyes slightly longer than postocular region in dorsal view. Antenna (Fig. 11) approximately 2.4–2.5 mm long and very slender; antennomeres IV–IX oblong, X approximately as broad as long, and XI approximately as long as the combined length of IX and X, or nearly so.</p> <p>Pronotum (Fig. 52) slender, approximately 1.1 times as broad as long and approximately 1.2 times as broad as head, broadest in anterior half, moderately tapering posteriad; lateral margins sinuate in posterior half in dorsal view; punctation rather coarse and very irregularly distributed, arranged in a cluster behind the middle of lateral surface; antero-lateral and postero-lateral portion of lateral surface impunctate or nearly so; midline broadly impunctate; lateral margins each with four long and erect black setae; pubescence of disc pale, thin, rather short, and more or less depressed.</p> <p>Elytra (Fig. 52) approximately 0.85 times as long as pronotum; punctation moderately coarse and moderately irregularly distributed, rather dense anteriorly, gradually becoming sparser posteriorly, and sparse to very sparse near posterior margin; disc with moderately long, fine, and depressed pale pubescence. Hind wings fully developed. Metatarsomere I approximately as long as, or slightly shorter than the combined length of II–IV.</p> <p>Abdomen (Fig. 91) slightly narrower than elytra, with rather deep anterior impressions on tergites III–V; tergite II impunctate; anterior impressions of tergites III–V and anterior portion of tergite VI each with a transverse row of coarse, but weakly delimited pits of non-setiferous punctures; tergite III with a lateral setiferous puncture on either side and with a transverse row of six setiferous punctures near posterior margin; tergites IV–VI with a lateral setiferous puncture on either side and with 8–10 setiferous punctures at or near posterior margins; tergite VII with scattered fine nonsetiferous punctures anteriorly and with two irregular transverse series of few setiferous punctures posteriorly, posterior margin with palisade fringe; tergite VIII (Figs 152, 154) with moderately dense dark setae in posterior third, without sexual dimorphism, posterior margin with distinct concavity.</p> <p>♂: sternite VIII (Fig. 153) nearly as long as broad, much longer than tergite VIII, strongly tapering posteriorly and with distinctly truncate posterior margin; median lobe of aedeagus (Figs 150–151) 0.70–0.75 mm long; ventral process slender, subapically very slender, and apically very acute in lateral view; paramere approximately 0.85 mm long, apical lobe very long and slender.</p> <p>♀: sternite VIII (Fig. 155) much shorter and more transverse than in male, posterior margin indistinctly concave in the middle.</p> <p>Comparative notes: Based on several derived character conditions, particularly the slender body, long and slender antennae, a conspicuously irregular distribution of the pronotal punctation, irregularly punctate elytra, the punctation pattern of the pronotum, a posteriorly strongly tapering male sternite VIII with a distinctly truncate posterior margin, an apically very slender ventral process of the aedeagus, and a conspicuously long apical lobe of the paramere, Z. truncatus is undoubtedly very closely related to Z. glabricollis SCHEERPELTZ, 1965 from Northeast Myanmar and related species (Z. extensus ASSING, 2016 and Z. rectus ASSING, 2016, both from Northwest Yunnan, China). It is distinguished from all these species by a more slender pronotum with (more) distinctly sinuate lateral margins in posterior half and additionally as follows: from Z. glabricollis by more extensively blackish elytra and by a longer median lobe of the aedeagus with a less strongly curved ventral process in lateral view; from Z. extensus by denser punctation of the more extensively blackish elytra and by a shorter median lobe of the aedeagus with an apically shorter and less slender ventral process of the aedeagus; from Z. rectus by more slender antennae (Z. rectus: antennomere IX not oblong), more densely and less irregularly distributed punctation of the elytra, a posteriorly distinctly truncate male sternite VIII, and an aedeagus with an apically more slender ventral process (lateral view) and with a less prominent crista apicalis.</p> <p>For illustrations of Z. glabricollis, Z. extensus, and Z. rectus see ASSING (2016a).</p> <p>Distribution and natural history: The specimens were collected in three close localities near Chitre in the Dhaulagiri range, Central Nepal (Map 3), at altitudes between 2400 and approximately 2500 m.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BAFFD2E526509887FB617CFED5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, Volker	Assing, Volker (2017): On Zyras sensu strictu in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a focus on the faunas of the Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Sulawesi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (1): 117-192, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.67.1.117-192
03A787BAFFD5E52650C686BB6659F835.text	03A787BAFFD5E52650C686BB6659F835.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zyras (Zyras) longilobatus Assing 2017	<div><p>Zyras (Zyras) longilobatus spec. nov.</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 97F2CE8E-586F-458D-8B4C-26238AA1D870</p> <p>(Figs 24, 53, 89, 156–160, Map 9)</p> <p>Type material: Holotype ♂: “NE INDIA, Meghalaya, Khasi Hills, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=91.48333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 91.48333/lat 25.3)">Mawsynram</a>, 25°18'N, 91°29'E, 800± 100 m, P. Pacholátko leg. 5.–9.vi.2006 / BMNH (E) 29006-48 / Holotypus ♂ Zyras longilobatus sp. n., det. V. Assing 2016” (BMNH). Paratypes: 2 ♀♀: same data as holotype (BMNH); 1 ♀: “NE INDIA, Meghalaya, SW of <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=91.666664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 91.666664/lat 25.3)">Cherrapunjee</a>, 25°13–14'N 91°40'E, 900 m, L. Dembický leg., 1–24.v.2005, BMNH 2006-48” (cAss).</p> <p>Etymology: The specific epithet alludes to the conspicuously long apical lobe of the paramere.</p> <p>Description: Body length 5.2–6.7 mm; length of forebody 2.5–2.9 mm. Coloration (Figs 24, 53, 89: head and pronotum black; elytra dark-yellowish with the posterolateral portions extensively black; abdomen black with the posterior margins of segments III–VI narrowly paler brown; legs pale-yellowish; antennae blackish with the basal two antennomeres pale-brown; maxillary palpi pale-brown with palpomere IV yellowish.</p> <p>Head (Fig. 53) distinctly transverse, median portion extensively impunctate; punctures in lateral portions sparse and moderately coarse. Eyes distinctly longer than postocular region in dorsal view. Antenna (Fig. 24) approximately 2.0 mm long; antennomeres IV weakly oblong or as long as broad, V approximately as long as broad or weakly transverse, VI–X increasingly transverse, X approximately 1.5 times as broad as long, and XI approximately as long as the combined length of IX and X.</p> <p>Pronotum (Fig. 53) approximately 1.15 times as broad as long and approximately 1.35 times as broad as head, broadest in anterior half, weakly tapering posteriad; lateral margins straight or weakly convex in posterior two-thirds in dorsal view; punctation rather coarse and moderately irregularly distributed, on either side of midline with extensive impunctate areas; midline broadly impunctate; lateral margins each with four long and erect black setae.</p> <p>Elytra (Fig. 53) 0.80–0.85 times as long as pronotum; punctation rather coarse, dense, and defined, nearly regularly distributed, slightly less dense posteriorly than anteriorly; disc with short, fine, and depressed pale pubescence. Hind wings fully developed. Metatarsomere I approximately as long as the combined length of II–IV.</p> <p>Abdomen (Fig. 89) slightly narrower than elytra, with rather deep anterior impressions on tergites III–V; tergite II with moderately sparse non-setiferous punctation; anterior impressions of tergites III–IV each with a transverse row of rather weakly defined non-setiferous punctation; anterior impression of tergite V with a transverse band of somewhat irregular non-setiferous punctation; tergite III with a lateral setiferous puncture on either side and with four setiferous punctures at posterior margin; tergite IV with a lateral setiferous puncture on either side and with six setiferous punctures near posterior margin; tergite V with a lateral setiferous puncture on either side and with 6–8 setiferous punctures at posterior margin; tergite VI anteriorly with a transverse band of non-setiferous punctures, with a lateral cluster of several setiferous punctures on either side, and with approximately ten setiferous punctures at posterior margin; tergite VII anteriorly with a transverse band of non-setiferous punctures and posteriorly with two transverse rows of setiferous punctures, posterior margin with palisade fringe; tergite VIII with long black setae in posterior third, posterior margin with sexual dimorphism.</p> <p>♂: posterior margin of tergite VIII (Fig. 159) with a distinct median concavity, on either side of this concavity with a distinct acute process; sternite VIII (Fig. 160) nearly as long as broad, strongly tapering apicad, and with truncate posterior margin; median lobe of aedeagus approximately 0.7 mm long and shaped as in Figs 156–157; paramere (Fig. 158) approximately 0.8 mm long, apical lobe very long and slender.</p> <p>♀: posterior margin of tergite VIII with shallow median concavity, but without distinct process on either side of this concavity; posterior margin of sternite VIII distinctly concave in the middle.</p> <p>Comparative notes: The conspicuously long and slender apical lobe of the paramere and the posteriorly strongly tapering male sternite VIII with a truncate posterior margin suggest that Z. longilobatus is somewhat allied to the Z. glabricollis group. It is, however, distinguished from other species of this group by distinctly shorter and less slender antennae, much less irregular punctation of the pronotum, a relatively larger pronotum, much more regularly distributed punctation of the elytra, distinctly shorter legs, much finer nonsetiferous punctation of the abdominal tergites III–V, and a less derived morphology of the median lobe of the aedeagus.</p> <p>Distribution and natural history: The specimens were collected in two localities in Meghalaya, Northeast India (Map 9), at altitudes of approximately 800– 900 m.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BAFFD5E52650C686BB6659F835	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, Volker	Assing, Volker (2017): On Zyras sensu strictu in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a focus on the faunas of the Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Sulawesi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (1): 117-192, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.67.1.117-192
03A787BAFFD4E524509887FB6118FC75.text	03A787BAFFD4E524509887FB6118FC75.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zyras (Zyras) geminus (Kraatz 1859)	<div><p>Zyras (Zyras) geminus (KRAATZ, 1859)</p> <p>(Map 6)</p> <p>Myrmedonia gemina KRAATZ, 1859: 27.</p> <p>Zyras (Zyras) indicus CAMERON, 1944: 108; syn. n.</p> <p>Zyras (Zyras) shiva PACE, 1987b: 216 ff.; syn. n.</p> <p>Zyras (Zyras) manjushri PACE, 1992: 142.; syn. n.</p> <p>Zyras (Zyras) hongkongensis PACE, 1999: 684 ff.; syn. n.</p> <p>Zyras (Zyras) benenensis PACE, 2001: 196 f.; syn. n.</p> <p>Zyras (Zyras) parageminus PACE, 2010b: 319 ff.; preocc.; syn. n.</p> <p>Zyras (Zyras) neoparageminus HLAVÁČ, NEWTON&amp; MARUYAMA, 2011; replacement name; syn. n.</p> <p>Zyras (Zyras) subgeminus PACE, 2012b: 339; replacement name; syn. n.</p> <p>Zyras (Zyras) articollis ASSING, 2016a: 172 f.; syn. n.</p> <p>Type material examined: M. gemina: see ASSING (2016a). Z. indicus: Holotype ♀: “974 / Anantapur, Mysore. E.A. Glennie, 17.X.1933 / At Light / Z. indicus Cam. Type / M. Cameron. Bequest. 1955-147. / Holotype / Holotype Zyras indicus Cameron, det. R.G. Booth 2010 / Zyras geminus (Kraatz), det. V. Assing 2016” (BMNH). Z. shiva: Paratype ♀: “LOMBOK, Sesaut [= Sesaot], 12.IV.1981, Rougemont / Allotypus Zyras shiva det. R. Pace 1983 / Zyras shiva n. sp., det. R. Pace 1983 / Zyras geminus (Kraatz), det. V. Assing 2017” (cRou).</p> <p>Z. manjushri: see comment below.</p> <p>Z. hongkongensis: see ASSING (2016a).</p> <p>Z. benenensis: see ASSING (2016a).</p> <p>Z. articollis: see ASSING (2016a).</p> <p>Comment: According to the original description of Z. indicus, which is based on a unique specimen from “Mysore: Anantapur”, this species is distinguished from Z. geminus by a slightly more slender pronotum, shorter and stouter antennae, slight differences in the coloration of the antennae, finer and sparse punctation of the pronotum, slightly finer and more asperate punctation of the elytra, and fewer (non-setiferous) punctures on the abdominal tergites VI and VII (CAMERON 1944). An examination of the holotype, however, revealed that, even regarding the characters pointed out by CAMERON (1944), it is highly similar to the type material of Z. geminus.</p> <p>Zyras shiva was described based on a male holotype and a female paratype from “Lombok, Sesaut”, and a female paratype from “ Bali, Lake Bratan” (PACE 1987b). An examination of the paratype from the type locality revealed that it is conspecific with Z. geminus.</p> <p>According to PACE (1992), the unique female holotype of Z. manjushri from “ Nepal, Prov. Bagmati, Tarang Marang” is deposited in MHNG. A thorough search for this specimen in the collections of the MHNG, however, was unsuccessful (Cuccodoro, e-mail 1 June, 2016). Thus, the whereabouts of the holotype are unknown, it may even be lost. An examination of material of Z. geminus from Nepal (see additional material below and ASSING (2016b)) revealed that it is in complete agreement with the details indicated in the original description of Z. manjushri, suggesting that the holotype, too, is conspecific with Z. geminus. This conclusion is even further confirmed by the following observation: two clearly conspecific specimens collected in the same locality and on the same date in Chitwan National Park, Nepal, had been identified by Pace: one of them as Z. geminus and the other as Z. manjushri (see additional material below).</p> <p>The unique male holotype of Z. parageminus PACE, 2010 (a junior primary homonym of Z. parageminus PACE, 1988), which was collected in Sumatra, was not examined. However, the external characters pointed out in the original description as distinguishing Z. parageminus from Z. geminus fall within the range of intraspecific variation of Z. geminus (see below) and the shape of the median lobe of the aedeagus is identical (compare figures 67–68 in PACE (2010b) with figures 274–281 in ASSING (2016a)). The synonymy of the two replacement names, Z. neoparageminus HLAVÁČ, NEWTON &amp; MARUYAMA, 2011 and Z. subgeminus PACE, 2012, had already been established earlier (ASSING 2015).</p> <p>A study of the holotype of Z. indicus initiated a revision and comparison of material previously identified as Z. geminus, Z. hongkongensis, and Z. articollis (see ASSING 2016a). This revision revealed that external characters believed to be species-specific earlier, such as the relative width of the pronotum, the extent of the nonsetiferous punctation of the abdomen, the punctation of the elytra, and the coloration of the body appendages, as well as slight differences in the shape of the median lobe of the aedeagus (ASSING 2016a: figures 274–281) are connected by intermediate conditions and somewhat variable even in specimens from the same region. Moreover, at least most of the more recent material appears to have been collected at light sources or with Malaise traps, as can be inferred from the labels or from the fact that the wings are fully unfolded, these observations suggesting pronounced flight activity and consequently a vast distribution. Pronounced intraspecific variation is generally observed particularly in widespread species. Based on these observations, it appears significantly more plausible to interpret slight differences of external and sexual characters as intra- rather than as interspecific variation. Hence the synonymies indicated above. Nevertheless, there appears to be a clinal trend for the non-setiferous punctation of the abdomen to be more extensive and more pronounced in populations from the east than in populations from the west of the range of Z. geminus.</p> <p>For morphological details and illustrations of external and sexual characters see the (re-)descriptions and figures provided for Z. hongkongensis, Z. articollis, and Z. geminus in ASSING (2016a).</p> <p>Additional material examined: Nepal: 1 ♀, Chitwan National Park, Sauraha, 700 m, at MV light, 3.–6.VI. 1983, leg. Brendell (NHMW); 2 ♀♀ [one identified by Pace as Z. geminus, the other as Z. manjushri], <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=84.48333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.583334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 84.48333/lat 27.583334)">Chitwan National Park</a>, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=84.48333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.583334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 84.48333/lat 27.583334)">Sauraha</a>, 27°35'N, 84°29'E, 180 m, bank of <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=84.48333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.583334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 84.48333/lat 27.583334)">Rapti</a> river, at light, 18.IV.2000, leg. Weigel (NME). India: 1 ♀, Uttar Pradesh, Almora Div., Kumaon, leg. Champion (BMNH); 1 ♀, Assam, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=92.583336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.033333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 92.583336/lat 27.033333)">Bhalukpong</a>, 27°02'N, 92°35'E, 150 m, 26.V.–3.VI.2006, leg. Dembický (cAss). Thailand: 1 ♂, Chiang Mai, Thaton, 20°04'N, 99°22'E, 460 m, riverside, at light, 22.VII.2006, leg. Mendel &amp; Barclay (BMNH); 1 ♀, Betong, Yala district, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.36667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.066668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.36667/lat 20.066668)">Gunung Cang</a> dun vill., 25.III.–22.IV.1993, leg. Horak &amp; Strnad (cAss). Vietnam: 6 exs., Hoa Binh, leg. de Cooman (MHNG, cAss). Japan: Ryukyu Islands: 2 exs., Ishigakijima, Tonoshiro, light trap, 21.V.1999, leg. Shimada (cAss); 1 ex., Ishigaki-jima, Shiramizu, light trap, 8.V.1993, leg. Hayashi (cAss).</p> <p>Distribution and natural history: The currently known, vast distribution ranges from Nepal, India, and Sri Lanka across South China, Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam eastwards to South Japan and southeastwards to Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Lombok, Bali) (Map 6); for previous records see ASSING (2016a) (as Z. hongkongensis). The specimens known at present were collected at low altitudes, primarily at light sources.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BAFFD4E524509887FB6118FC75	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, Volker	Assing, Volker (2017): On Zyras sensu strictu in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a focus on the faunas of the Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Sulawesi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (1): 117-192, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.67.1.117-192
03A787BAFFD7E52450C6831B67FEF855.text	03A787BAFFD7E52450C6831B67FEF855.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zyras (Zyras) hastatus Fauvel 1904	<div><p>Zyras (Zyras) hastatus FAUVEL, 1904</p> <p>(Figs 16, 54, 90, Map 7)</p> <p>Zyras hastatus FAUVEL, 1904: 64.</p> <p>Type material examined: Syntypes: 1 ♀: “ Belgaum / hastata Fvl. / Coll. I.R.Sc.N.B. / Syntypus Zyras hastatus Fauvel, rev. V. Assing 2016” (IRSNB); 1 ♀ [damaged; both antennae missing]: “Cotype / Belgaum / 1266 / hastata Fvl. / Syntypus ♀ Zyras hastatus Fauvel, rev. V. Assing 2016” (BMNH).</p> <p>Comment: The original description is based on at least two syntypes (“Sexus differentia latet”) from “Belgaum” (FAUVEL 1904). One syntype was located in the collections of the IRSNB and another in the collections of the BMNH. Both syntypes are females.</p> <p>Redescription: Body length 4.1–6.0 mm; length of forebody 2.1–2.8 mm. Coloration (Figs 16, 54, 90): head black; pronotum pale-reddish; elytra reddish-yellow with the postero-lateral portion extensively blackish (leaving only the scutellum and its vicinity, the anterior margin, and the suture reddish-yellow); abdomen bicoloured with tergites II–V pale-reddish, tergite VI black with the anterior margin and the antero-lateral portions reddish, and tergites VII–VIII black; legs pale-yellowish; antennae dark-brown with antennomeres I–III dark-reddish and the apical half of antennomere XI dark-reddish; maxillary palpi reddish with the terminal palpomere yellowish.</p> <p>Head (Fig. 54) moderately transverse, median portion extensively impunctate; punctures in lateral portions moderately dense and large, but shallow. Eyes moderately large, but weakly convex, much longer than postocular region in dorsal view. Antenna (Fig. 16) 1.75 mm long; antennomeres IV approximately as long as broad, V weakly transverse, VI–X of gradually increasing width and increasingly transverse, X approximately 1.5 times as broad as long, and XI conspicuously elongate, nearly as long as the combined length of VII–X.</p> <p>Pronotum (Fig. 54) distinctly transverse, approximately 1.2 times as broad as long and 1.3 times as broad as head, broadest anterior to middle; lateral margins smoothly convex (dorsal view); punctation not very coarse, rather sparse, and somewhat irregularly distributed; midline narrowly impunctate; lateral margins each with four long, black setae, anterior margin with an additional long black seta on either side.</p> <p>Elytra (Fig. 54) 0.85 times as long as pronotum; punctation moderately coarse, defined, rather dense, and regularly distributed; interstices on average distinctly broader than diameter of punctures. Hind wings fully developed. Metatarsomere I approximately as long as the combined length of II–IV.</p> <p>Abdomen (Fig. 90) narrower than elytra, with deep anterior impressions on tergites III–V; anterior impressions of tergites III–V each with a transverse row of non-setiferous punctures; tergite III with a lateral long brown seta on either side, posterior margin with three long brown setae on either side and with a median pair of fine short yellowish setae; tergites IV–V with a median pair of punctures, with a lateral seta on either side, posterior margins with four long brown setae on either side, and with a median pair of minute pale setae; tergite VI anteriorly only with few shallow non-setiferous punctures laterally (without such punctures in the middle), with a median pair of punctures, and with approximately 12 setiferous punctures at posterior margin, otherwise impunctate (except for scattered micropunctures); tergite VII anteriorly with a transverse row (not band!) of sparse non-setiferous punctures, with a transverse row of six setiferous punctures at posterior third, and with additional setiferous punctures at posterior margin; tergite VIII with rather sparse long setae only in posterior portion, posterior margin convex, in the middle with indistinct and small concavity.</p> <p>♂: unknown.</p> <p>Comparative notes: Among the species of similar coloration (e.g., Z. beijingensis PACE, 1993), Z. hastatus is characterized by slender antennae with a conspicuously elongate antennomere XI, a relatively strongly transverse pronotum with smoothly convex lateral margins, and the punctation pattern of the abdomen (particularly of tergites VI and VII).</p> <p>Distribution: This species is currently known only from the type locality in South India (Map 7).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BAFFD7E52450C6831B67FEF855	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, Volker	Assing, Volker (2017): On Zyras sensu strictu in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a focus on the faunas of the Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Sulawesi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (1): 117-192, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.67.1.117-192
03A787BAFFD6E525509887FB607DF915.text	03A787BAFFD6E525509887FB607DF915.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zyras (Zyras) parageminus (PACE 1988)	<div><p>Zyras (Zyras) parageminus (PACE, 1988)</p> <p>(Figs 17–18, 55–56, 98, Map 7)</p> <p>Zyras (Zyras) parageminus PACE, 1988: 335.</p> <p>Zyras (Zyras) nameriensis PACE, 2011: 36; syn. n.</p> <p>Type material examined: Z. parageminus: Holotype ♀: “ CEYLON, Habarane, 26.III.83, Rougemont / Holotypus Zyras (s. str.) parageminus m., det. R. Pace 1982 / Zyras (s. str.) parageminus n. sp., det. R. Pace 1982 / Zyras parageminus Pace, det. V. Assing 2016” (MCSNV).</p> <p>Z. nameriensis: Holotype ♂: “ INDIA Assam, Nameri N.P., 27.v.2006, G. de Rougemont / Holotypus Zyras nameriensis mihi, det. R. Pace 2010 / Zyras nameriensis n. sp., det. R. Pace 2010 / Zyras parageminus Pace, det. V. Assing 2016” (cRou).</p> <p>Comment: The original description of Z. parageminus is based on a unique female from “ Sri Lanka, Habaranz [sic]” (PACE 1988), that of Z. nameriensis on a unique male from “ India, Assam, Nameri N.P.” (PACE 2011). In the description of the latter, PACE (2011) compares the species with Z. geminus, but there is no mention of Z. parageminus. A comparative study of the two holotypes, however, revealed that they are highly similar, except that the basal two antennomeres are yellowish-red in the holotype of Z. parageminus and dark-brown in that of Z. nameriensis, and that antennomeres IV–VI are somewhat more transverse in the holotype of Z. parageminus than in that of Z. nameriensis. It can be inferred from the general condition of the holotype (partly deformed antennomeres, elytra, legs, and abdominal segments; rather dark coloration of pronotum and anterior abdominal segments) that the coloration and other external characters have changed post-mortem, evidently as a result of improper treatment during original dissection (boiling? chemical?), so that the observed differences are most likely artefacts. In any case, the observed differences are insufficient to support the hypothesis that the two holotypes should represent different species, so that Z. nameriensis is placed in synonymy with Z. parageminus.</p> <p>Redescription: Rather small species; body length 4.5–4.9 mm; length of forebody 2.0– 2.2 mm. Coloration (Figs 17–18, 55–56, 98): head and pronotum black; pronotum bright-reddish; abdomen bicoloured with tergites II–V and the anterior margin of tergite VI reddish and the remainder black; legs pale-yellowish; antennae brown to dark-brown with the basal two antennomeres yellowish-red to dark-brown and antennomere XI palebrown to brown; maxillary palpi dark-yellowish with the terminal palpomere yellowish.</p> <p>Head (Figs 55–56) distinctly transverse, median portion extensively impunctate; punctures in lateral portions moderately sparse to moderately dense and fine; pubescence long, pale, and sub-erect. Eyes moderately large, much longer than postocular region in dorsal view. Antenna (Figs 17–18) 1.3–1.4 mm long and distinctly incrassate apically; antennomeres IV weakly to moderately transverse, VI–X of gradually increasing width and increasingly transverse, X at least twice as broad as long, and XI rather short and of conical shape, approximately as long as the combined length of IX and X.</p> <p>Pronotum (Figs 55–56) distinctly transverse, 1.14–1.15 times as broad as long and 1.25–1.27 times as broad as head, broadest anterior to middle; lateral margins very weakly sinuate in posterior half (dorsal view); punctation of whole disc including midline rather dense and shallow; lateral and anterior margins with numerous long and erect black setae; disc with moderately long and suberect pale pubescence.</p> <p>Elytra (Figs 55–56) approximately 0.8 times as long as pronotum; punctation moderately fine, rather dense, and regularly distributed. Hind wings fully developed. Legs not particularly slender and with rather short tarsi; metatarsomere I approximately as long as the combined length of II and III.</p> <p>Abdomen (Fig. 98) narrower than elytra, with deep anterior impressions on tergites III–V; anterior impressions of tergites III–V each with a transverse row of weakly defined small impressions; posterior portions of tergites III–V with rather numerous setiferous punctures bearing long dark and moderately long pale setae on disc and at posterior margins; tergites VI and VII anteriorly with moderately dense non-setiferous punctation and posteriorly with irregular setiferous punctation, posterior margin with palisade fringe; tergite VIII with setiferous punctation only in posterior portion, posterior margin weakly concave to truncate.</p> <p>♂: median lobe of aedeagus approximately 0.55 mm long and shaped as illustrated in PACE (2011: figures 39–40); paramere approximately as long as median lobe and with moderately short apical lobe.</p> <p>Comparative notes: Zyras parageminus differs from other similarly coloured representatives of the subgenus Zyras by smaller size, shorter and apically much more incrassate antennae, the absence of an impunctate median band on the pronotum, the punctation pattern of the abdomen, and by the shape of the median lobe of the aedeagus.</p> <p>Distribution: The known distribution is confined to two localities in Sri Lanka and Northeast India (Assam) (Map 7).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BAFFD6E525509887FB607DF915	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, Volker	Assing, Volker (2017): On Zyras sensu strictu in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a focus on the faunas of the Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Sulawesi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (1): 117-192, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.67.1.117-192
03A787BAFFD6E52A531A81FB6630FC15.text	03A787BAFFD6E52A531A81FB6630FC15.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zyras (Zyras) latilobatus Assing 2017	<div><p>Zyras (Zyras) latilobatus spec. nov.</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: AD282BC4-9922-4004-97DE-0E84F5B8634F</p> <p>(Figs 19, 57, 92, 161–165, Map 7)</p> <p>Type material: Holotype ♂: “ INDIA: Kerala, Ponmudi hill resort, 30 km NE of Trivandrum, 77°06'E; 8°46"N [sic], 1400 m, 28–39. vi.99 [sic], Kejval &amp; Tryzna lgt. / Holotypus ♂ Zyras latilobatus sp. n., det. V. Assing 2016” (NMP). Paratypes: 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀: same data as holotype (NMP, cAss).</p> <p>Etymology: The specific epithet is a composed adjective and alludes to the broad (latus) ventral process of the aedeagus.</p> <p>Description: Body length 4.3–5.0 mm; length of forebody 1.9–2.2 mm. Coloration (Figs 19, 57, 92): head black; pronotum pale-reddish; elytra reddish-yellow with the postero-lateral portion more or less extensively blackish (sometimes leaving only the scutellum and its vicinity, the anterior margin, and the humeral angles reddish-yellow); abdomen bicoloured with tergites II–V pale-reddish, tergite VI pale-reddish with the middle and the posterior portion extensively blackish, tergite VII black with the anterior margin and the antero-lateral portions reddish, segment VIII black, and segments IX–X yellowish; legs yellowish; antennae reddish to brown with the basal and apical antennomeres more or less extensively palereddish; maxillary palpi yellowish.</p> <p>Head (Fig. 57) moderately transverse, median portion extensively impunctate; punctures in lateral portions rather sparse and fine. Eyes large, much longer than postocular region in dorsal view. Antenna (Fig. 19) conspicuously slender, approximately 1.9 mm long; antennomeres IV distinctly oblong, V–VIII decreasingly oblong, IX–X approximately as long as broad or weakly oblong, and XI elongate, approximately three times as long as broad and as long as the combined length of VIII–X, or nearly so.</p> <p>Pronotum (Fig. 57) slender, 1.04–1.07 times as broad as long and 1.1 times as broad as head, broadest near anterior angles; lateral margins straight (dorsal view); punctation not very coarse, rather dense, and regularly distributed, even along midline (i.e., median impunctate band absent). Elytra (Fig. 57) approximately 0.8 times as long as pronotum; punctation rather fine and dense, and regularly distributed, only slightly less dense posteriorly than anteriorly. Hind wings fully developed. Metatarsomere I approximately as long as the combined length of II–IV.</p> <p>Abdomen (Fig. 92) slightly narrower than elytra, with moderately deep anterior impressions on tergites III–V; anterior impressions of tergites III–V each with a transverse row of very coarse non-setiferous punctures; tergites III–IV with a lateral setiferous puncture on either side, and with four setiferous punctures at posterior margin; tergite V with a lateral setiferous puncture on either side, and with six setiferous punctures at posterior margin; tergites VI without non-setiferous punctation anteriorly, with a lateral setiferous puncture on either side, and with six setiferous punctures at posterior margin; tergite VII without non-setiferous punctation anteriorly, with two transverse series of fine setiferous punctures posteriorly, posterior margin with palisade fringe; tergite VIII (Fig. 164) with setiferous punctures in posterior third, posterior margin smoothly convex, without median concavity.</p> <p>♂: sternite VIII (Fig. 165) with convex posterior margin; median lobe of aedeagus (Figs 161–162) of compact shape, approximately 0.45 mm long; ventral process of distinctive shape, short, basally broad, apically acute in ventral view, and apically truncate in lateral view; paramere (Fig. 163) slightly shorter than median lobe, with very short and apically truncate apical lobe.</p> <p>Comparative notes: Zyras latilobatus differs from other species of similar coloration by numerous characters, particularly the conspicuously slender and pale-coloured antennae, a slender pronotum without an impunctate median band, the presence of rather coarse non-setiferous punctation in the anterior impressions of tergites III–V, but absence of such punctation in the anterior portions of tergites VI–VII, a smoothly convex posterior margin of tergite VIII (without median concavity), and particularly the distinctive shape of the ventral process of the aedeagus. It is readily distinguished from the similarly coloured Z. hastatus, whose male sexual characters are unknown, by smaller size and especially by much more slender antennae.</p> <p>Distribution: This species is currently known only from the type locality in Kerala, South India (Map 7).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BAFFD6E52A531A81FB6630FC15	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, Volker	Assing, Volker (2017): On Zyras sensu strictu in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a focus on the faunas of the Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Sulawesi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (1): 117-192, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.67.1.117-192
03A787BAFFD9E52B534084FB666EF955.text	03A787BAFFD9E52B534084FB666EF955.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zyras (Zyras) alternans (Cameron 1925)	<div><p>Zyras (Zyras) alternans (CAMERON, 1925)</p> <p>(Figs 20, 58, 99, 166–169, Map 8)</p> <p>Myrmedonia (Zyras) alternans CAMERON, 1925: 45 f.</p> <p>Zyras (Zyras) optimus CAMERON, 1939a: 534; syn. n.</p> <p>Type material examined: Z. optimus: Holotype ♀: “ Nilgiri Hills / Z. optimus Cam. Type / Zyras optimus Fvl n. sp., Désiré / M. Cameron. Bequest. 1955-147. / Holotype / Holotype Zyras optimus Cameron 1939, det. R.G. Booth 2016 / Zyras alternans (Cameron), det. V. Assing 2016” (BMNH).</p> <p>Comment: Zyras alternans was described based on an unspecified number of syntypes from “ Sumatra, Lago Toba” (CAMERON 1925). The type material deposited in the natural history museum in Genova was revised and illustrated by PACE (2010b), who erroneously inferred from the type label attached to one of the specimens that it was the holotype.</p> <p>The original description of Z. optimus is based on a unique holotype from “Nilgiri Hills” (CAMERON 1939a). This specimen is a female, but the male sexual characters, particularly the distinctive aedeagus, of the additional specimens examined from India and other regions (see below) are identical to those of the “ holotype ” of Z. alternans as figured by PACE (2010b). Thus, the holotype of Z. optimus is undoubtedly conspecific with the type material of Z. alternans.</p> <p>Additional material examined: India: 1 ♂, Uttarakhand, left side of Kosi River, 5 km N Ramnagar, “N29*432 E79*140” [sic], 7–11.VI.2011, leg. Shavrin (cAss); 1 ♂, Tamil Nadu, Nilgiri Hills, Coonoor, 1700 m, 3.–5.X.1991, leg. Schuh (cAss); 1 ♂, Arunachal Pradesh, 8 km S Jamiri, Sessa env., 27°07–09'N, 92°34'E, 350 m, 26.V.–4.VI.2005, leg. Dembický (BMNH). Malaysia: 1 ♂, Pahang district, 30 km NE Raub, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.63333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=3.9333334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.63333/lat 3.9333334)">Laba Lembik</a>, 3°56'N, 101°38'E, 300 m, 22.IV.–15.V.2002, leg. Jendek &amp; Šauša (NMP); 1 ♀, Johor, 15 km N Lombong, Kota Tinggi, 27.–30.VII.1992, leg. Schuh (cAss). Indonesia: 1 ♂, West Java, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.73333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.55" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.73333/lat -6.55)">Bogor</a>, 6°33'S, 106°44'E, 180 m, rice field, flight interception trap, 6.VI.2011, leg. Puspitasari (cRou); 1 ♀, Jawa Barat, Bogor, Kebun Raya Bogor, 250 m, flight interception trap, 20.I.–7.II.2004, leg. Maruyama (cMar); 1 ♀, Sumatra-Aceh, 16 km S Kutacane, 350 m, 18.VIII.1992, leg. Barries &amp; Cate (cAss); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Borneo, E-Kalimantan, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=116.35&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.2666667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 116.35/lat -1.2666667)">55 km W Balikpapan</a>, PT Fajar Surya Swadaya [area], 1°16'S, 116°21'E, 80 m, base camp surrounded by Acacia plantation, 23.XI.–1.XII.2011, leg. Hájek et al. (NMP, cAss).</p> <p>Redescription: Body length 6.8–7.0 mm; length of forebody 3.0– 3.3 mm. Coloration (Figs 20, 58, 99): head black; pronotum pale-reddish; elytra black; abdomen reddish, with tergite VI reddish or extensively blackish (except for the anterior margin and the antero-lateral portions) and tergite VII always blackish (except for the anterior margin and the antero-lateral portions); legs pale-yellowish; antennae blackish; maxillary palpi blackish-brown with the terminal palpomere pale-yellowish.</p> <p>Head (Fig. 58) transverse, 1.22–1.27 times as broad as long, broadly impunctate along middle; punctation in lateral dorsal portions moderately coarse and moderately dense. Eyes much longer than postocular region in dorsal view. Antenna (Fig. 20) 1.9–2.0 mm long; antennomeres IV approximately as long as broad, V–X of gradually increasing width and increasingly transverse, X approximately 1.5 times as broad as long, and XI approximately as long as, or slightly longer than the combined length of IX and X.</p> <p>Pronotum (Fig. 58) 1.15–1.18 times as broad as long and 1.28–1.30 times as broad as head, broadest in anterior half, distinctly tapering posteriad; lateral margins straight in posterior half (dorsal view); punctation coarse, rather sparse, and irregularly distributed; laterally with extensive impunctate patches; midline broadly impunctate; lateral margins and antero-lateral portions with numerous long brown setae.</p> <p>Elytra (Fig. 58) 0.80–0.87 times as long as pronotum; punctation coarse and defined, subject to sexual dimorphism; scutellum coarsely and granulosely sculptured anteriorly and smooth posteriorly. Hind wings fully developed. Metatarsomere I approximately as long as the combined length of II–IV.</p> <p>Abdomen (Fig. 99) slightly narrower than elytra, with moderately deep anterior impressions on tergites III–V; tergite II with coarse non-setiferous punctation; tergites III–IV each with a transverse row or band of coarse non-setiferous punctures in anterior impressions, with a lateral setiferous puncture on either side, and with 4–6 setiferous punctures at posterior margins; tergite V with a transverse row or band of coarse nonsetiferous punctures in anterior impression, with or without a median pair of setiferous punctures, with a lateral setiferous puncture on either side, and with 6–8 setiferous punctures at posterior margin; tergite VI with a more or less extensive transverse band of coarse non-setiferous punctures anteriorly, with one or few lateral punctures on either side, and with 6–8 setiferous punctures at posterior margin; tergite VII with a more or less extensive transverse band of numerous non-setiferous punctures anteriorly, with one or two transverse series of setiferous punctures posteriorly; tergite VIII (Fig. 168) with approximately 20 black setae posteriorly, posterior margin more or less disinctly concave in the middle.</p> <p>♂: punctation of elytra very dense and asperate near anterior margin and near scutellum; sternite VIII (Fig. 169) with convex posterior margin; median lobe of aedeagus 0.72–0.78 mm long and shaped as in Figs 166–167; ventral process very short and apically hooked in lateral view; paramere 0.83–0.90 mm long, with very short apical lobe.</p> <p>♀: punctation of elytra defined and clearly separated, not asperate, only slightly denser anteriorly than posteriorly.</p> <p>Intraspecific variation: The coloration of tergite VI, the punctation of the elytra, and the non-setiferous punctation of the abdomen appear to be highly variable in this species. Tergite VI is extensively infuscate in the middle and posteriorly in the holotype and the specimens seen from Arunachal, Malaysia and Indonesia, whereas it is uniformly reddish in the remaining non-type specimens from India.</p> <p>Comparative notes: Zyras alternans is distinguished from other sympatric species with a similar colour pattern by its relatively large size, robust body, black antennae, the coarse non-setiferous punctation of the abdomen, and above all by the distinctive shape of the median lobe of the aedeagus.</p> <p>Distribution and natural history: Records from North and South India, as well as from Malaysia, West Java, Sumatra, and Borneo (Map 8) indicate a vast distribution of Z. alternans. The altitudes range from 80 to 1700 m. At least most of the specimens were collected on the wing.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BAFFD9E52B534084FB666EF955	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, Volker	Assing, Volker (2017): On Zyras sensu strictu in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a focus on the faunas of the Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Sulawesi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (1): 117-192, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.67.1.117-192
03A787BAFFD8E528531A803B664FFBF5.text	03A787BAFFD8E528531A803B664FFBF5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zyras (Zyras) hirtus (KRAATZ 1859)	<div><p>Zyras (Zyras) hirtus (KRAATZ, 1859)</p> <p>(Figs 21, 59, 95, 170–173, Map 7)</p> <p>Myrmedonia hirta KRAATZ, 1859: 25.</p> <p>Comment: The female holotype from “Ceylon” was revised by ASSING (2016a), who reported additional records from Sri Lanka and South India.</p> <p>Material examined: India: 1 ♂, Madras, 15 km E Coonoor, 800 m, 19.XI.1972, leg. Besuchet, Löbl &amp; Mussard (MHNG).</p> <p>Redescription: Rather large species: body length 6.4–7.8 mm; length of forebody 2.7–3.5 mm. Coloration (Figs 21, 59, 95): body pale-reddish to reddish-brown, rarely with abdominal segment VI somewhat darker; legs yellowish; antennae brown to blackish, with the basal 1–2 and the apical 1–4 antennomeres yellowish to pale reddish; maxillary palpi dark-yellowish with palpomere IV paler yellowish.</p> <p>Head (Fig. 59) distinctly transverse, median portion extensively impunctate; punctures in lateral portions moderately sparse and moderately coarse; pubescence long and sub-erect to erect. Eyes much longer than postocular region in dorsal view. Antenna (Fig. 21) 1.8–2.2 mm long and distinctly incrassate; antennomeres IV weakly oblong to weakly transverse, V as long as broad or weakly transverse, VI–X of increasing width and increasingly transverse, 2.0–2.5 times as broad as long, and XI short, shorter than the combined length of IX and X.</p> <p>Pronotum (Fig. 59) of variable shape, 1.09–1.21 times as broad as long and approximately 1.3 times as broad as head, broadest in anterior half; punctation rather dense, very shallow, and regularly distributed; midline narrowly to broadly impunctate; pubescence suberect and rather long, pale on disc, brown and longer along lateral margins and in antero-lateral portion.</p> <p>Elytra (Fig. 59) 0.85–0.90 times as long as pronotum; punctation rather fine, very dense, and shallow, regularly distributed; whole disc with dense and long sub-erect brown pubescence. Hind wings fully developed. Metatarsomere I approximately as long as, or shorter than the combined length of II–IV.</p> <p>Abdomen (Fig. 95) approximately as broad as elytra, with rather deep anterior impressions on tergites III–V; anterior impressions of tergites III–V each with a transverse row of moderately coarse non-setiferous punctures; tergites III–V with moderately dense and fine setiferous punctation on disc and at posterior margins; tergite VI with a transverse row or band of non-setiferous punctures anteriorly and with moderately dense setiferous punctation on disc and at posterior margin; tergite VII with more or less extensive non-setiferous punctation anteriorly and with moderately sparse to moderately dense setiferous punctation not arranged in distinct rows in posterior portion, posterior margin with palisade fringe; tergite VIII with rather dense and long yellowish setae in posterior half, posterior margin shallowly concave in the middle; all sternites with long brown pubescence.</p> <p>♂: posterior margin of sternite VIII convex, in the middle more or less distinctly truncate; median lobe of aedeagus (Figs 170–173) 0.88–1.0 mm long; ventral process subapically angled and apically very acute in lateral view; paramere 0.75–0.80 mm long and with very short and broad apical lobe.</p> <p>♀: posterior margin of sternite VIII weakly concave in the middle.</p> <p>Intraspecific variation: The examined specimens from South India differ from those from Sri Lanka by distinctly darker antennae with less transverse antennomeres V–X, a less transverse pronotum, and slightly larger body size. The median lobe of the aedeagus, however, is of nearly identical shape. Therefore, and in view of the rather few specimens examined so far, these differences are interpreted as intra- rather than interspecific variation.</p> <p>Comparative notes: Zyras hirtus is readily distinguished from other species of the Z. hirtus group recorded from India and Sri Lanka by the more or less uniformly reddish coloration of the body, by distinctly transverse preapical antennomeres, by the punctation pattern of the abdomen (particularly the rather dense setiferous punctation on all tergites), and by the shape of the median lobe of the aedeagus.</p> <p>Distribution and natural history: The confirmed distribution is confined to Sri Lanka and South India (Map 7). For additional records see ASSING (2016a). The altitudes of the known localities range from 300 to 900 m.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BAFFD8E528531A803B664FFBF5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, Volker	Assing, Volker (2017): On Zyras sensu strictu in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a focus on the faunas of the Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Sulawesi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (1): 117-192, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.67.1.117-192
03A787BAFFDBE5295340839B60BCFD15.text	03A787BAFFDBE5295340839B60BCFD15.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zyras (Zyras) gardneri Cameron 1939	<div><p>Zyras (Zyras) gardneri CAMERON, 1939</p> <p>(Figs 40, 62, 96, 174–177, Map 7)</p> <p>Zyras (Zyras) gardneri CAMERON, 1939a: 538.</p> <p>Type material examined: Holotype ♂: “ Darjeeling 6000, Bengal., J.C.M. Gardner. IX.1929. / Z. Gardneri Cam Type / M. Cameron. Bequest. B.M. 1955-147 / Holotype / Holotype Zyras gardneri Cam., 1939, det. R.G. Booth 2016 / Holotypus Zyras gardneri Cameron, rev. V. Assing 2016” (BMNH).</p> <p>Comment: The original description is based on a unique male holotype from “Darjeeling, alt. 6000 feet ” (CAMERON 1939a).</p> <p>Additional material examined: Nepal: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Tama Koshi valley, Chet Chet, 1300 m, 3.VI.2000, leg. Schmidt (cKle, cAss). India: 1 ♀, Uttarakhand, Uttarkashi district, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=78.566666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.75" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 78.566666/lat 30.75)">Naluna Sainj</a> env., 30°45'N, 78°34'E, wet litter, 10.–12.IV.2012, leg. Shavrin (cAss); 1 ♂, 4 ♀♀, Meghalaya, Khasi Hills, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=91.48333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 91.48333/lat 25.3)">Mawsynram</a>, 25°18'N, 91°29'E, 700–900 m, 5.–9.VI.2006, leg. Pacholátko (BMNH, cAss).</p> <p>Redescription: Large species: body length 6.7–8.3 mm; length of forebody 3.5–3.9 mm. Coloration (Figs 40, 62, 96): head black; pronotum brown to blackish-brown; elytra reddish to reddish-brown, with the postero-lateral portions diffusely darker; abdomen more or less distinctly bicoloured; tergites II–IV reddish to dark-brown, V–VII (except for the anterior margin of V) dark-brown to blackish, and VIII brown to dark-brown; legs yellowish; antennae bicoloured, blackish-brown with antennomeres IX–XI yellowish; maxillary palpi dark-brown with palpomere IV yellowish to yellowish-brown.</p> <p>Head (Fig. 62) distinctly transverse, median portion extensively impunctate; punctures in lateral portions moderately sparse and moderately coarse. Eyes much longer than postocular region in dorsal view. Antenna (Fig. 40) 2.7–3.0 mm long and rather slender; antennomeres IV–VI oblong, VII approximately as long as broad, VIII–X weakly transverse, X much less than 1.5 times as broad as long, and XI short, shorter than the combined length of IX and X.</p> <p>Pronotum (Fig. 62) moderately transverse, approximately 1.15 times as broad as long and approximately 1.3 times as broad as head, broadest in anterior half; punctation rather fine and moderately dense, almost regularly distributed; midline narrowly impunctate; anterior margin and anterior half of lateral margins with numerous long brown setae.</p> <p>Elytra (Fig. 62) 0.85–0.90 times as long as pronotum; punctation moderately coarse, very dense, and defined, regularly distributed; whole disc with dense and sub-erect brown pubescence. Hind wings fully developed. Metatarsomere I approximately as long as, or shorter than, the combined length of II–IV.</p> <p>Abdomen (Fig. 96) approximately as broad as elytra, with moderately deep anterior impressions on tergites III–V; anterior impressions of tergites III–V each with a transverse row of moderately coarse non-setiferous punctures; tergites III–V with sparse micropunctation on disc, with a lateral setiferous puncture on either side, and with several setiferous punctures at posterior margins; tergite VI with extensive non-setiferous punctures in anterior half to anterior three-fourths, with micropunctation in posterior portion with some lateral setiferous punctures and with several setiferous punctures at posterior margin; tergite VII with more or less extensive non-setiferous punctation in anterior half and with moderately sparse setiferous punctation not arranged in distinct rows in posterior half, posterior margin with palisade fringe; tergite VIII (Fig. 176) with rather dense and long brown setae in posterior third, posterior margin shallowly concave in the middle; all sternites with long brown pubescence posteriorly.</p> <p>♂: posterior margin of sternite VIII strongly convex (Fig. 177); median lobe of aedeagus (Figs 174–175) approximately 1.1 mm long; ventral process somewhat constricted basally in ventral view; crista apicalis small; paramere approximately 1.05 mm long and with very short apical lobe.</p> <p>♀: posterior margin of sternite VIII weakly concave in the middle.</p> <p>Comparative notes: As can be inferred from external (dense and long pubescence on the forebody and on the abdominal sternites; broad pronotum; rather large body size), as well as from the male sexual characters (apical lobe of paramere very short), Z. gardneri belongs to the Z. hirtus group. Among the species of this group, it is characterized by the coloration (particularly of the antennae), the punctation pattern of the abdomen, and by the morphology of the median lobe of the aedeagus.</p> <p>Distribution and natural history: The known distribution is confined to several localities in Nepal and North India (Map 7). The altitudes range from approximately 800 to 1800 m.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BAFFDBE5295340839B60BCFD15	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, Volker	Assing, Volker (2017): On Zyras sensu strictu in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a focus on the faunas of the Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Sulawesi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (1): 117-192, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.67.1.117-192
03A787BAFFDAE52E531A85FB6218F895.text	03A787BAFFDAE52E531A85FB6218F895.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zyras (Zyras) hirsutiventris (CHAMPION 1927)	<div><p>Zyras (Zyras) hirsutiventris (CHAMPION, 1927)</p> <p>(Figs 13, 63, 97, 178–181, Map 7)</p> <p>Myredonia (Zyras) hirsutiventris CHAMPION, 1927: 245.</p> <p>Type material examined: Holotype ♀: “3573 / 3573 / 1929. 3u7 / C. Almora Dn. Kumaon, U.P., July ‘20 HGC. / Myrmedonia (Zyras) hirsutiventris Ch. Type / Holotype / Holotype Myrmedonia (Zyras) hirsutiventris Champ., det. R.G. Booth 2016” (BMNH).</p> <p>Comment: The original description is based on a unique specimen from “Central Almora, Kumaon” (CHAMPION 1927).</p> <p>Additional material examined: Nepal: 1 ♂, Khandbari district, Arun river, Num env., 1500–1600 m, 10.IV.1982, leg. Smetana (MHNG). India: 1 ♂, Assam, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=92.583336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.033333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 92.583336/lat 27.033333)">Bhalukpong</a>, 27°02'N, 92°35'E, 150 m, 26.V.–3.VI.2006, leg. Pacholátko (BMNH).</p> <p>Redescription: Large species: body length 6.5–7.5 mm; length of forebody 2.9–3.3 mm. Coloration (Figs 13, 63, 97): forebody black; abdomen blackish-brown to black; legs dark-yellowish, with the profemora dark-brown and the apical two-fifths or the apical halves of the meso- and metafemora blackish; antennae blackish, with the basal three antennomeres dark-brown; maxillary palpi darkbrown with palpomere IV yellowish.</p> <p>Head (Fig. 63) distinctly transverse, median portion extensively impunctate; punctures in lateral portions moderately sparse and moderately coarse. Eyes longer than postocular region in dorsal view. Antenna (Fig. 13) 2.1–2.5 mm long and rather slender; antennomeres IV oblong or as long as broad, V–VI approximately as long as broad or weakly transverse, VII–X of increasing width and increasingly transverse, X approximately 1.5 times as broad as long, and XI of distinctly conical shape, short, much shorter than the combined length of IX and X.</p> <p>Pronotum (Fig. 63) approximately 1.15 times as broad as long and approximately 1.3 times as broad as head, broadest in anterior half; lateral margins distinctly sinuate in posterior half in dorsal view; punctation rather fine and dense, regularly distributed; midline narrowly impunctate; pubescence brown, long, and sub-erect to erect.</p> <p>Elytra (Fig. 63) approximately 0.9 times as long as pronotum; punctation dense and fine, only slightly less dense posteriorly than anteriorly; whole disc with dense and sub-erect brown pubescence. Hind wings fully developed. Metatarsomere I nearly as long as the combined length of II–IV.</p> <p>Abdomen (Fig. 97) approximately as broad as elytra, with moderately deep anterior impressions on tergites III–V; anterior impressions of tergites III–V each with a transverse row of shallow and indistinct grooves (not punctation); tergites III–V each with two transverse rows of rather numerous setiferous punctures posteriorly; tergite VI with extensive non-setiferous puncturation in anterior half, with micropunctation and with scattered setiferous punctures in posterior half; tergite VII with non-setiferous punctation in anterior half and with setiferous punctation not arranged in distinct rows in posterior half, posterior margin with palisade fringe; tergite VIII (Fig. 180) with moderately dense punctation everywhere, except near anterior margin, posterior margin shallowly concave in the middle; all sternites with long brown pubescence posteriorly.</p> <p>♂: sternite VIII (Fig. 181) strongly convex posteriorly; median lobe of aedeagus (Figs 178–179) 0.78–0.83 mm long; paramere 0.87 mm long and with short apical lobe.</p> <p>Comparative notes: Like Z. gardneri, this species belongs to the Z. hirtus group. It is readily distinguished from Z. gardneri by the different coloration of the antennae, the elytra, the abdomen, and the legs, by less slender antennae with distinctly more transverse preapical antennomeres, as well as by the different punctation pattern of the abdomen. Regarding the shape of the ventral process of the aedeagus, Z. hirsutiventris is similar to Z. flexus ASSING, 2016 from Fujian (China), from which it differs by darker coloration of the whole body (including the legs and antennae) and the larger aedeagus (Z. flexus: length of median lobe 0.7 mm) with an apically less strongly angled ventral process (lateral view). For illustrations of Z. flexus see ASSING (2016a).</p> <p>Distribution and natural history: The currently known distribution is confined to three localities in North India (Uttarakhand, Assam) and Nepal (Map 7). The above male from East Nepal was already reported by PACE (1992). The altitudes range from 150 to approximately 1550 m.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BAFFDAE52E531A85FB6218F895	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, Volker	Assing, Volker (2017): On Zyras sensu strictu in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a focus on the faunas of the Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Sulawesi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (1): 117-192, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.67.1.117-192
03A787BAFFDDE52E50C6807B60DEFA75.text	03A787BAFFDDE52E50C6807B60DEFA75.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zyras (Zyras) luteipes Assing 2017	<div><p>Zyras (Zyras) luteipes spec. nov.</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 1E837A27-748A-4E5A-BBBC-ABC78704B40D</p> <p>(Figs 23, 64, 100, 182–186, Map 8)</p> <p>Type material: Holotype ♂: “NE INDIA Meghalaya, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=91.48333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 91.48333/lat 25.3)">Khasi Hills</a>, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=91.48333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 91.48333/lat 25.3)">Mawsynram</a>, 25°18'N 91°29'E, 800± 100 m, P. Pacholátko leg., 5.–9.vi.2006 / BMNH(E), 2006-48 / Holotypus Zyras luteipes sp. n., det. V. Assing 2016” (BMNH).</p> <p>Etymology: The specific epithet is a noun in apposition composed of the Latin adjective luteus (yellow) and the Latin noun pes (foot). It alludes to the nearly uniformly yellowish legs, one of the characters distinguishing this species from the similar Z. hirsutiventris.</p> <p>Description: Large species: body length 7.5 mm; length of forebody 3.2 mm. Coloration (Figs 23, 64, 100): forebody black; abdomen blackish-brown; legs darkyellowish, with the apices only indistinctly and narrowly darker; antennae blackish, with the basal three antennomeres brown and antennomere XI dark-reddish; maxillary palpi blackish-brown with palpomere IV yellowish.</p> <p>Other external characters (Figs 23, 64, 100) as in Z. hirsutiventris, except as follows:</p> <p>Tergites III–V with distinct and moderately dense micropunctation in posterior three-fifths.</p> <p>♂: tergite VIII as in Fig. 185; sternite VIII (Fig. 186) less strongly convex posteriorly; median lobe of aedeagus (Figs 182–183) 0.85 mm long; ventral process apically more acute both in lateral and in ventral view, and less distinctly angled subapically in lateral view; paramere (Fig. 184) 0.87 mm long and with short apical lobe.</p> <p>Comparative notes: Zyras luteipes is evidently very closely related to Z. hirsutiventris, from which it is only distinguished by the coloration of the legs and the antennae, the micropunctation on the abdominal tergites III–V, and by the shape of the ventral process of the aedeagus.</p> <p>Distribution and natural history: The type locality is situated in Meghalaya (Map 8) at an altitude of approximately 800 m.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BAFFDDE52E50C6807B60DEFA75	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, Volker	Assing, Volker (2017): On Zyras sensu strictu in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a focus on the faunas of the Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Sulawesi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (1): 117-192, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.67.1.117-192
03A787BAFFDDE52F5340811B67CFFE95.text	03A787BAFFDDE52F5340811B67CFFE95.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zyras (Zyras) nilgiriensis CAMERON 1939	<div><p>Zyras (Zyras) nilgiriensis CAMERON, 1939</p> <p>(Figs 12, 60, 101, Map 9)</p> <p>Zyras (Zyras) nilgiriensis CAMERON, 1939a: 537 f.</p> <p>Type material examined: Holotype ♀: “ Nilgiri Hills. A.K. Weld Downing / a 967 / Z. nilgiriensis Cam. Type / M. Cameron. Bequest. B.M. 1955-147. / Holotype / Holotype Zyras nilgiriensis Cam., det. R.G. Booth 2016” (BMNH).</p> <p>Comment: The original description is based on a unique specimen from “Nilgiri Hills” (CAMERON 1939a).</p> <p>Redescription: Large species: body length 7.5 mm; length of forebody 3.3 mm. Coloration (Figs 12, 60, 101): head and pronotum blackish; elytra dark-yellowish with the postero-lateral portions blackish; abdomen bicoloured, with segments II–V reddish and segments VI–VIII blackish, except for the narrowly reddish anterior margins and the paratergites; legs bicoloured, dark-yellowish with the profemora and the apical halves of the meso- and metafemora blackish-brown; antennae brown with the basal three antennomeres reddish and antennomere XI dark-reddish; maxillary palpi reddish.</p> <p>Head (Fig. 60) strongly transverse; punctation fine and rather dense in lateral portions, sparse along middle; pubescence brown, long, and erect. Eyes approximately as long as postocular region in dorsal view. Antenna (Fig. 12) 2.3 mm long; antennomeres IV weakly oblong, V approximately as long as broad, VI–X of increasing width and increasingly transverse, X approximately 1.5 times as broad as long, and XI short, shorter than the combined length of IX and X.</p> <p>Pronotum (Fig. 60) 1.21 times as broad as long and 1.3 times as broad as head, broadest near anterior angles; lateral margins straight in posterior half in dorsal view; punctation rather fine and dense, regularly distributed; midline punctate; pubescence brown, long, and sub-erect to erect.</p> <p>Elytra (Fig. 60) 0.93 times as long as pronotum; punctation dense, fine, and regularly distributed; whole disc with dense and long, sub-erect to erect brown pubescence. Hind wings fully developed. Metatarsomere I nearly as long as the combined length of II–IV.</p> <p>Abdomen (Fig. 101) nearly as broad as elytra, with rather deep anterior impressions on tergites III–V; anterior impressions of tergites III–V each with a transverse row of shallow, sparse, and indistinct grooves (not punctation); discs of tergites III–V each with rather numerous setiferous punctures laterally and at posterior margins; tergite VI with extensive and dense non-setiferous punctation in anterior three-fourths, with a group of setiferous punctures on either side, and with setiferous punctures at posterior margin; tergite VI with extensive and dense non-setiferous punctation in anterior three-fourths and with numerous setiferous punctures laterally, posterior margin with palisade fringe; tergite VIII with dense punctation in posterior half; all sternites with long yellowish pubescence on whole surface.</p> <p>♂: unknown.</p> <p>♀: posterior margin of sternite VIII weakly concave in the middle.</p> <p>Comparative notes: Zyras nilgiriensis, too, belongs to the Z. hirtus group, as can be inferred from the habitus (robust body; pronotum weakly convex in cross-section), the short antennomere XI, long pubescence on the whole body, and the punctation pattern of the abdomen. Among the species of this group, it is characterized by the coloration, relatively short antennae, and by the punctation and pubescence of the abdomen.</p> <p>Distribution: This species is currently known only from the type locality in South India (Map 9).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BAFFDDE52F5340811B67CFFE95	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, Volker	Assing, Volker (2017): On Zyras sensu strictu in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a focus on the faunas of the Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Sulawesi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (1): 117-192, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.67.1.117-192
03A787BAFFDCE52F531A83DB6660FA15.text	03A787BAFFDCE52F531A83DB6660FA15.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zyras (Zyras) birmanus SCHEERPELTZ 1965	<div><p>Zyras (Zyras) birmanus SCHEERPELTZ, 1965</p> <p>Material examined: Myanmar: 1 ♂, Kambaiti pass, 2130 m, 9.V.1934, leg. Malaise (BMNH).</p> <p>Comment: The known distribution includes Northeast Burma and Southwest China (Yunnan) (ASSING 2016a).</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BAFFDCE52F531A83DB6660FA15	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, Volker	Assing, Volker (2017): On Zyras sensu strictu in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a focus on the faunas of the Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Sulawesi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (1): 117-192, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.67.1.117-192
03A787BAFFDCE52F531A85DB60F5FB35.text	03A787BAFFDCE52F531A85DB60F5FB35.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zyras (Zyras) hauserianus BERNHAUER 1933	<div><p>Zyras (Zyras) hauserianus BERNHAUER, 1933</p> <p>Material examined: China: 1 ♀, Heilongjiang, Harbin, 12.VI.1966, leg. Hammond (BMNH).</p> <p>Comment: The confirmed distribution of this species was confined to the type locality in the border region between China (Xinjiang) and Kazakhstan (ASSING 2016a). The above female is distinguished from the holotype by uniformly reddish tergites III–V, but shares with it the morphology of the reddish antennae (antennomeres IV–X all distinctly transverse) and the conspicuously dense punctation of the abdomen, suggesting that both specimens are conspecific.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BAFFDCE52F531A85DB60F5FB35	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, Volker	Assing, Volker (2017): On Zyras sensu strictu in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a focus on the faunas of the Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Sulawesi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (1): 117-192, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.67.1.117-192
03A787BAFFDCE52F531A867B60CCFD35.text	03A787BAFFDCE52F531A867B60CCFD35.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zyras (Zyras) tumidicornis ASSING 2016	<div><p>Zyras (Zyras) tumidicornis ASSING, 2016</p> <p>Material examined: China: 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, SW-Sichuan, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.416664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.066668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.416664/lat 29.066668)">Sabde</a>, 29°04'N, 101°25'E, 3400 m, 25.VI.2001, leg. Janata (cSme, cAss).</p> <p>Comment: The known distribution of Z. tumidicornis is confined to the Chinese provinces Sichuan and Yunnan (ASSING 2016a).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BAFFDCE52F531A867B60CCFD35	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, Volker	Assing, Volker (2017): On Zyras sensu strictu in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a focus on the faunas of the Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Sulawesi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (1): 117-192, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.67.1.117-192
03A787BAFFDCE52C531A82FB60F6FD35.text	03A787BAFFDCE52C531A82FB60F6FD35.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zyras (Zyras) preangeranus Cameron 1939	<div><p>Zyras (Zyras) preangeranus CAMERON, 1939</p> <p>(Figs 276–277, Map 10)</p> <p>Zyras (Zyras) preangeranus CAMERON, 1939b: 17 f.</p> <p>Zyras (Zyras) louwerensi CAMERON, 1939b: 19 f.; syn. n.</p> <p>Zyras (Zyras) chinkiangensis BERNHAUER, 1939: 148 f.; syn. n.</p> <p>Zyras (Zyras) setosipennis SCHEERPELTZ, 1965: 356 ff.; syn. n.</p> <p>Zyras (Zyras) alboantennatus PACE, 1986a: 460; syn. n.</p> <p>Zyras (Zyras) sichuanorum PACE, 2012a: 85 f.; syn. n.</p> <p>Type material examined: Z. louwerensi: Holotype ♀: “ G. Pandan, Res Madiden, E. Java / Z. louwerensi Cam. Type / Holotype / M. Cameron. Bequest. B.M. 1955-147 / Zyras preangeranus Cameron, det. V. Assing 2017” (BMNH).</p> <p>Additional material examined: Thailand: 1 ♀ [teneral], Doi Angkhang, 24.X.2010, leg. Rougemont (cRou). Laos: 12 exs., Phongsaly province, Phongsaly env., 1300–1500 m, V.2004 (cMar, cAss). Malaysia: 35 exs., Selangor, Ulu Gombak Field Studies Centre, 250 m, flight interception trap, III.2004, leg. Maruyama et al. (cMar, cAss); 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Pahang, 30 km NE Raub, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.63333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=3.9333334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.63333/lat 3.9333334)">Laba Lembik</a>, 3°56'N, 101°38'E, 300 m, IV–V.2002, leg. Jendek &amp; Šauša (cMar); 4 exs., Sabah, Danum valley, B.R. L., flight interception trap, 14–16.II.2007, leg. Rougemont (cRou, cAss). Indonesia: 14 exs., Jawa Barat, Bogor, Kebun Raya Bogor, 250 m, flight interception trap, 20.I.–7.II.2004, leg. Maruyama (cMar, cAss); 1 ♀, Borneo, Kalimantan Tengah, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.98333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.98333/lat -0.05)">Busang-Rekut</a> confluence, 0°03'S, 113°59'E, flight interception trap, VIII.2001, leg. Brendell &amp; Mendel (BMNH).</p> <p>Comment: The original description of Z. louwerensi is based on a unique type specimen from “E. Java: G. Pandan, Res. Madiden” (CAMERON 1939b) deposited in the Cameron collection at the BMNH. The type material of Z. chinkiangensis, Z. preangeranus, Z. setosipennis, Z. alboantennatus, and Z. sichuanorum had been examined earlier (ASSING 2016a). Additional material examined from various regions in the southern East Palaearctic and the Oriental regions (ASSING 2015, 2016a; material listed above) has shown that this species is highly variable in coloration and other external characters. Moreover, the median lobe of the aedeagus of the type material of Z. chinkiangensis, Z. preangeranus, Z. alboantennatus, and Z. sichuanorum is practically identical (see figures in ASSING 2016a); the unique holotypes of Z. setosipennis and Z. louwerensi are females. These observations suggest that all these names refer to the same widespread and variable species. According to the covers of the respective issues, the descriptions of both Z. chinkiangensis and Z. preangeranus were published in May, 1939. An exact date is indicated in neither case, so that 31 May, 1939 must be assumed as the publication date for both descriptions. Zyras preangeranus is designated as the senior name, as the corresponding type material is in better condition, rendering Z. chinkiangensis, Z. louwerensi, Z. setosipennis, Z. alboantennatus, and Z. sichuanorum its junior synonyms.</p> <p>Interestingly, while in nearly all the specimens seen from Peninsular Malaysia, Laos, and Borneo the antennae have the apical four antennomeres pale-yellow, those from Java are more variable in this respect: the antennae have two (twelve specimens), three (two specimens), or four (one specimen) yellowish apical antennomeres. Also, while the legs are usually uniformly yellow, two of the Malaysian specimens and some from Borneo have the apices of the meso- and metafemora slightly infuscate. The material from Java is of slightly smaller average size and generally darker coloration, often with the middle of the pronotum brownish, the postero-lateral portions of the elytra more or less distinctly and more or less extensively infuscate, and the anterior abdominal tergites extensively brown, whereas in the material from Peninsular Malaysia the elytra are uniformly reddish and in that from Laos they are reddish with the extremes of the postero-lateral portions slightly darker. Finally, segment VIII of the abdomen is yellow in specimens from Java and Borneo, while it tends to be reddish in material seen from other regions. The aedeagus of a male from Java is illustrated in Figs 276–277.</p> <p>The vast distribution of Z. preangeranus includes South and East China (Sichuan, Yunnan, Jiangsu), Myanmar, Thailand (new record), Laos (new record), Malaysia (new record), Vietnam, and Indonesia (Java, Borneo) (new record) (Map 10).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BAFFDCE52C531A82FB60F6FD35	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, Volker	Assing, Volker (2017): On Zyras sensu strictu in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a focus on the faunas of the Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Sulawesi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (1): 117-192, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.67.1.117-192
03A787BAFFDFE52D534085DB606CFDD5.text	03A787BAFFDFE52D534085DB606CFDD5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zyras (Zyras) russiceps Assing 2017	<div><p>Zyras (Zyras) russiceps spec. nov.</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 0F8B55FE-9FAD-4393-8C10-94FBC35FCD77</p> <p>(Figs 14, 61, 114, 187–190)</p> <p>Type material: Holotype ♂: “W. THAILAND: 300 m., <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.466666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.8/lat 15.466666)">Thung Yai Wildlife Sanctuary</a>. 15°28'N – 98°48'E. / Tak Province, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.466666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.8/lat 15.466666)">Umphang District</a>, Song Bae Stream. 18–27.iv.1988. / Evergreen rain forest. M.J.D. Brendell. B.M. 1988-183 / / Holotypus ♂ Zyras russiceps sp. n. det. V. Assing 2016” (BMNH). Paratypes: 2 ♂♂: same data as holotype (BMNH, cAss); 1 ♂: “ MALAYSIA: Selangor, Ulu Gombak Field Studies Centre (250 m), 2–18.III.2004 (FIT), Maruyama M. et al.” (cMar).</p> <p>Etymology: The specific epithet is a noun in apposition and alludes to the distinctive coloration of the head (russus: red).</p> <p>Description: Rather large species; body length 7.5–8.3 mm; length of forebody 3.3–3.4 mm. Coloration (Figs 14, 61, 114) distinctive: head and pronotum reddish; elytra blackish-brown to black, with only the anterior margin (visible in antero-dorsal view) narrowly reddish; abdomen bicoloured: tergites II–V reddish, VI reddish with the median portion extensively black, and VII–VIII blackish except for the reddish antero-lateral portions, segments IX–X brownish; legs pale-yellowish; antennae black with the basal two antennomeres reddish to reddish-brown and the apical 2–4 antennomeres pale-yellow to dark-yellow, more or less sharply contrasting with the black preceding antennomeres; maxillary palpi reddish with the terminal palpomere yellowish.</p> <p>Head (Fig. 61) distinctly transverse, middle and anterior portion extensively impunctate; punctation in lateral and posterior dorsal portions sparse and rather coarse. Eyes very large, nearly twice as long as postocular region in dorsal view. Antenna (Fig. 14) 2.5–2.6 mm long; antennomeres IV–V weakly oblong, VI approximately as broad as long, VII–X of gradually increasing width and increasingly transverse, X approximately 1.5 times as broad as long, and XI approximately as long as the combined length of IX and X.</p> <p>Pronotum (Fig. 61) approximately 1.15 times as broad as long and 1.3 times as broad as head, broadest near anterior angles, distinctly tapering posteriad; lateral margins straight in posterior two-thirds (dorsal view); punctation coarse and nearly regularly distributed, with or without impunctate patches in antero-lateral portion; impunctate median band narrow or indistinct; lateral margins each with five long black setae, antero-lateral portion of disc with several additional long black setae.</p> <p>Elytra (Fig. 61) approximately 0.8 times as long as pronotum; punctation very coarse and very dense, slightly sparser at posterior margin; interstices much narrower than diameter of punctures (except at posterior margin). Hind wings fully developed. Metatarsomere I elongate, slightly longer than the combined length of II–IV.</p> <p>Abdomen (Fig. 114) approximately as broad as elytra, with moderately deep anterior impressions on tergites III–V; anterior impressions of tergites III–V each with a row of non-setiferous punctures; tergite III with a lateral setiferous puncture on either side, with or without scattered additional setiferous punctures on disc, and with approximately twelve setiferous punctures at posterior margin; tergite IV with a transverse row of approximately eight setiferous punctures across disc and with 14 setiferous punctures at posterior margin; tergite V with a transverse row of approximately ten setiferous punctures across disc and with 12–16 setiferous punctures at posterior margin; tergite VI with a transverse band of numerous non-setiferous punctures anteriorly, with a transverse row of 10–12 setiferous punctures across disc and with 12–14 setiferous punctures at posterior margin; tergite VII with a broad transverse band of numerous non-setiferous punctures in anterior portion, and with two transverse series of setiferous punctures each composed of 10–14 punctures in posterior portion, posterior margin with palisade fringe; tergite VIII (Fig. 189) with numerous long black setae in posterior third, posterior margin convex or obtusely pointed in the middle, without median concavity; sternites III–VIII with numerous long dark setae in posterior portion.</p> <p>♂: sternite VIII (Fig. 190) with strongly convex posterior margin and with numerous long black setae in posterior half; median lobe of aedeagus (Figs 187–188) 0.98 mm long; ventral process apically acute both in lateral and in ventral view, subapically abruptly bent; paramere as long as median lobe and with conspicuously short apical lobe.</p> <p>Comparative notes: Zyras russiceps belongs to the Z. hirtus group, as can be inferred from the chaetotaxy of the body, the morphology of the median lobe of the aedeagus, and the short apical lobe of the paramere. It is distinguished from other species of this group recorded from Thailand and adjacent regions by the distinctive coloration (particularly of the head) alone. In addition, it is characterized by the conspicuously dense and coarse punctation of the elytra, by the punctation pattern of the abdomen, and by the shape of the median lobe of the aedeagus.</p> <p>Distribution and natural history: The known distribution is confined to the type locality in West Thailand and one locality in Selangor, Peninsular Malaysia. The specimens from Thailand were probably collected on the wing (Malaise trap?) in an evergreen rain forest at an altitude of 300 m, the paratype from Malaysia was taken with a flight interception trap at 250 m, in both cases together with several other species of Zyras sensu strictu.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BAFFDFE52D534085DB606CFDD5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, Volker	Assing, Volker (2017): On Zyras sensu strictu in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a focus on the faunas of the Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Sulawesi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (1): 117-192, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.67.1.117-192
03A787BAFFDEE512531A85BB60EDFE55.text	03A787BAFFDEE512531A85BB60EDFE55.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zyras (Zyras) brignolii (PACE 1986)	<div><p>Zyras (Zyras) brignolii (PACE, 1986)</p> <p>(Figs 15, 66, 103, Map 8)</p> <p>Drusilla brignolii PACE, 1986b: 487.</p> <p>Zyras (Zyras) thainiger PACE, 2012b: 340; syn. n.</p> <p>Type material examined: D. brignolii: Holotype ♀: “ Thailand, Bang Kok, 10.I.1980, Osella / Holotypus Drusilla osellai [sic] m., det. R. Pace, 1984 / Drusilla osellai n. sp., det. R. Pace, 1984 / Drusilla brignolii n. sp., det. Pace ” (MCSNV).</p> <p>Z. thainiger: Holotype ♀: “ THAILAND, Doi Mae Salong, 23.X.2010, G. de Rougemont / Holotypus Zyras thainiger mihi, det. R. Pace, 2011 / Zyras thainiger n. sp., det. R. Pace, 2011 ” (cRou).</p> <p>Comment: The original description of Drusilla brignolii is based on a unique female from “ Thailand, Bangkok ” (PACE 1986b) and that of Z. thainiger on a unique female from “ Thailand, Doi Mae Salong” (PACE 2012b). Judging from the labels attached to the holotype of D. brignolii, Pace originally planned to name the species D. osellai, but later changed his mind. Drusilla brignolii was moved to Zyras sensu strictu, primarily based on the illustration of the spermatheca, by ASSING (2016a). A comparison of the holotypes revealed no differences whatsoever suggesting that they should belong to different species, so that Z. thainiger is placed in synonymy with Z. brignolii.</p> <p>The female listed as additional material was recorded as Zyras sp. 10 in ASSING (2016a).</p> <p>Additional material examined: China: 1 ♀, Yunnan, Baoshan Pref., mountain range 22 km S <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.48333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.816668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.48333/lat 24.816668)">Tengchong</a>, 24°49'N, 98°29'E, 1750 m, secondary forest, litter sifted, 2.VI.2007, leg. Schülke (cAss).</p> <p>Redescription: Body length 6.5–7.3 mm; length of forebody 2.9–3.2 mm. Coloration (Figs 15, 66, 103): forebody black; abdomen black, except for the dark-reddish anterior margins, antero-lateral portions, and anterior portions of the paratergites of the abdominal tergites III–VII; legs yellowish with the profemora dark-brown and the apical halves of the meso- and metafemora blackish; antennae dark-brown with antennomere XI yellowish; maxillary palpi dark-brown with the terminal palpomere yellowish.</p> <p>Head (Fig. 66) moderately transverse, middle and anterior portion extensively impunctate; punctation in lateral and posterior dorsal portions sparse and distinct. Eyes moderately large and bulging, slightly longer than postocular region in dorsal view. Antenna (Fig. 15) 2.4–2.7 mm long; antennomeres IV–VII of gradually decreasing length and decreasingly oblong, IV distinctly, VII weakly oblong, VIII as long as broad, IX–X weakly transverse, and XI approximately as long as the combined length of IX and X.</p> <p>Pronotum (Fig. 66) weakly transverse, 1.10–1.12 times as broad as long and 1.17–1.24 times as broad as head, broadest anteriorly, distinctly tapering posteriad; lateral margins straight or weakly sinuate in posterior twothirds (dorsal view); punctation coarse and irregularly distributed, middle and lateral portion with rather extensive impunctate patches; lateral margins each with four long, black setae, anterior margin with an additional long black seta on either side.</p> <p>Elytra (Fig. 66) 0.78 times as long as pronotum; punctation coarse and rather dense, and more or less regularly distributed; interstices on average slightly broader than diameter of punctures. Hind wings fully developed. Metatarsomere I approximately as long as the combined length of II–IV.</p> <p>Abdomen (Fig. 103) approximately as broad as elytra, with moderately deep anterior impressions on tergites III–V; anterior impressions of tergites III–V without non-setiferous punctures; tergite III with a lateral cluster of some punctures bearing long dark setae on either side and with sparse fine punctures at posterior margin; tergites IV and V with or without a median pair of setiferous punctures, with a lateral setiferous puncture on either side, and with approximately ten rather distinct punctures at or near posterior margin; tergite VI with a transverse series of non-setiferous punctures at anterior margin, with a transverse row of 2–6 setiferous punctures across the middle, and with approximately ten setiferous punctures at or near posterior margin; tergite VII with a narrow transverse band of non-setiferous punctures anteriorly, setiferous punctation similar to that of tergite VI; tergite VIII with sparse setiferous punctures in posterior third, posterior margin smoothly convex.</p> <p>♂: unknown.</p> <p>Comparative notes: Among other geographically close congeners, Z. brignolii is characterized particularly by the coloration (black body with distinctly bicoloured legs), a slender habitus, an irregularly punctate pronotum, the punctation pattern of the abdomen, and a smoothly convex posterior margin of the abdominal tergite VIII.</p> <p>Distribution and natural history: The species is currently known only from two localities in North Thailand (one at approximately 20°10'N, 99°37'E and one in or near Bangkok) and one locality in the west of the Chinese province Yunnan (Map 8). The specimen from Yunnan, which represents the first record from China, was sifted from litter and dead wood in a secondary forest at an altitude of 1750 m.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BAFFDEE512531A85BB60EDFE55	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, Volker	Assing, Volker (2017): On Zyras sensu strictu in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a focus on the faunas of the Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Sulawesi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (1): 117-192, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.67.1.117-192
03A787BAFFE1E5125340853B6755FC36.text	03A787BAFFE1E5125340853B6755FC36.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zyras (Zyras) nigrapicalis ASSING 2016	<div><p>Zyras (Zyras) nigrapicalis ASSING, 2016</p> <p>Material examined: Myanmar: 1 ♀, Kambaiti pass, 2130 m, 18.V.1934, leg. Malaise (BMNH). Hong Kong: 1 ♂, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.27" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.0/lat 22.27)">Lantau</a>, Wang Tong, light trap, 22.27°N, 114.00°E, 22–27.V.2016, leg. Aston (cRou).</p> <p>Comment: This species was previously known from China (Yunnan, Sichuan) and Taiwan (ASSING 2016a). The above specimens represent the first records from Myanmar and Hong Kong.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BAFFE1E5125340853B6755FC36	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, Volker	Assing, Volker (2017): On Zyras sensu strictu in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a focus on the faunas of the Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Sulawesi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (1): 117-192, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.67.1.117-192
03A787BAFFE1E510534084DB626BFE15.text	03A787BAFFE1E510534084DB626BFE15.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zyras (Zyras) proximus CAMERON 1939	<div><p>Zyras (Zyras) proximus CAMERON, 1939</p> <p>(Figs 28–29, 65, 105, 191–197, Map 6)</p> <p>Zyras (Zyras) proximus CAMERON, 1939a: 538 f.</p> <p>Zyras (Zyras) drugmandi PACE, 2004: 293 f.; syn. n.</p> <p>Type material examined: Z. proximus: Holotype ♀: “ Nilgiri Hills., A.K. Weld Downing. / a 422 / Z. proximus Cam. Type / M. Cameron. Bequest. 1955-147. / Holotype / Holotypus Zyras proximus Cam., det. R.G. Booth 2016” (BMNH).</p> <p>Z. drugmandi: Holotype ♀: “Coll. I.R.Sc.N.B., Thailande (Loei), Na Haeo (malaise trap), 04–27.VIII.2000, Leg. Constant &amp; Grootaert / Holotypus Zyras drugmandi n. sp., det. R. Pace 2004 / Zyras drugmandi n. sp., det. R. Pace 2004 ” (IRSNB). Paratypes: 1 ♀: same locality as holotype, “malaise trap, 18–25.III.2001, Leg: P. Grootaert” (IRSNB); 1 ♀ [misidentified; belonging to Z. castaneus]: same locality as holotype, “ 05–12.V.2001, Leg. Constant &amp; Grootaert / Pitfall Station 5, 2° forest, tall trees; dense ground vegetation, densely covered with litter / not conspecific with holotype, rev. V. Assing 2016” (IRSNB).</p> <p>Comment: The original description of Z. proximus is based on a unique specimen from “Nilgiri Hills” (CAMERON 1939a). The holotype, a female, was located in the Cameron collection at the BMNH.</p> <p>The original description of Z. drugmandi is based on three females. An examination of these specimens revealed that they are not conspecific, but belong to two species. The holotype and one of the paratypes are conspecific with Z. proximus, whereas the other paratype belongs to Z. castaneus, a species distinguished from Z. proximus by completely different coloration of the abdomen, longer and more slender antennae with a more elongate antennomere XI, different punctation of the pronotum, and a different punctation pattern of the abdomen.</p> <p>Additional material examined: India: 15 exs., Meghalaya, Khasi Hills, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=91.48333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 91.48333/lat 25.3)">Mawsynram</a>, 25°18'N, 91°29'E, 700–900 m, 5.–9.VI.2006, leg. Pacholátko (BMNH, cAss); 12 exs., Meghalaya, SW Cherrapunjee, 25°13–15'N, 91°49'E, 900 m, 5.–24.V.2005, leg. Pacholátko (BMNH, cAss). China: 1 ♀ [teneral], Guizhou, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.9" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.7/lat 27.9)">Fanjing Shan</a>, 27°54'N, 108°42'E, 1400–1700 m, 5.–11.VI.2014, leg. Reuter (cAss). Thailand: 7 exs., Tak province, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.466666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.8/lat 15.466666)">Umphang district</a>, Song Bae Stream, Thung Yai Wildlife Sanctuary, 15°28'N, 98°48'E, 300 m, evergreen rain forest, 18–27.IV.1988, leg. Brendell (BMNH, cAss); 3 exs., Tak province, Umphang district, Mae Chan – Mae Klong confluence, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.8/lat 15.5)">Thung Yai Wildlife Sanctuary</a>, 15°30'N, 98°48'E, 300 m, edge of Karen clearing, 27.IV.–6.V.1988, leg. Brendell (BMNH, cAss). Laos: 2 ♀♀, Houa Phan province, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.216667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.0/lat 20.216667)">Phou Pane Mt.</a>, 20°13'N, 104°00'E, 1480–1510 m, 22.IV.–14.V.2008, leg. Kubáň (NMP, cAss); 36 exs., Phongsaly province, Phongsaly env., 1300–1500 m, V.2004 (cMar, cAss).</p> <p>Redescription: Size highly variable: body length 4.5–7.0 mm; length of forebody 1.9–3.0 mm. Coloration (Figs 28–29, 65, 105): head and pronotum blackishbrown; elytra dark-yellowish with the postero-lateral portions more or less extensively dark-brown; abdomen blackish-brown, with the posterior margins of tergites III–V narrowly yellowish-brown; legs pale-yellowish; antennae brown with the basal 2–3 antennomeres palereddish; maxillary palpi reddish to dark-brown, with the terminal palpomere yellowish.</p> <p>Head (Fig. 65) moderately transverse, broadly impunctate along middle, in lateral portions with sparse and moderately coarse punctation. Eyes large and bulging, much longer than postocular region in dorsal view. Antenna (Figs 28–29) slender, 1.7–2.6 mm long; antennomeres IV–V approximately as long as broad or weakly oblong, VI–VII approximately as long as broad or weakly transverse, VIII–X weakly transverse, X 1.3–1.5 times as broad as long, and XI distinctly elongate, approximately as long as the combined length of VIII–X, or nearly so.</p> <p>Pronotum (Fig. 65) relatively small (in relation to head), approximately 1.2 times as broad as long and 1.1–1.2 times as broad as head, broadest near anterior angles; lateral margins straight in posterior two-thirds, strongly converging posteriad; surface very uneven, with impressions of variable size and shape; punctation distinctive, coarse, very sparse, and very irregularly distributed. Elytra (Fig. 65) 0.8–0.9 times as long as pronotum; punctation coarse and moderately dense to dense, more or less regularly distributed, somewhat sparser posteriorly than anteriorly. Hind wings fully developed. Metatarsomere I slightly to distinctly shorter than the combined length of II–IV.</p> <p>Abdomen (Fig. 105) narrower than elytra, with moderately deep anterior impressions on tergites III–V; anterior impressions of tergites III–V each with a row or with a transverse band of shallow to coarse non-setiferous punctures; tergite III with a lateral setiferous puncture on either side and with four setiferous punctures at posterior margin (median pair usually somewhat separated from margin); tergites IV and V with a lateral setiferous puncture on either side and with 4–6 setiferous punctures at posterior margin; tergite VI with a transverse row of sparse non-setiferous punctures at anterior margin, with a lateral setiferous puncture on either side, and with six setiferous punctures at or near posterior margin; tergite VII with scattered and rather fine nonsetiferous punctures at anterior margin, with a transverse row of 4–6 setiferous punctures at posterior third, and with usually six setiferous punctures at or near posterior margin, sometimes with a median pair of coarser punctures posteriorly, posterior margin with palisade fringe; tergite VIII with sparse long and black setae in posterior portion, posterior margin sexually dimorphic.</p> <p>♂: posterior margin of tergite VIII (Fig. 196) with four blunt teeth; sternite VIII (Fig. 197) oblong, posterior margin truncate or convex in the middle; median lobe of aedeagus approximately 0.8–0.9 mm long and shaped as in Figs 191–194; paramere (Fig. 195) significantly longer than median lobe and with elongate apical lobe.</p> <p>♀: posterior margin of tergite VIII without teeth, simply truncate to indistinctly concave in the middle; posterior margin of sternite VIII broadly and distinctly concave in the middle.</p> <p>Intraspecific variation: Zyras proximus is subject to enormous intraspecific variation of body size, length of antennae, the number of punctures on the abdomen, the size of the aedeagus, and other characters. While the anterior impressions of tergites IV and V usually only have a single transverse row of non-setiferous punctures in material from Thailand, the non-setiferous punctation of larger specimens from Northeast India tends to be more extensive.</p> <p>Comparative notes: As can be inferred from the similar punctation pattern of the forebody and abdomen, and particularly from the derived shapes of the pronotum (disc with very uneven surface) and of the apical lobe of the paramere (rather long and slender), Z. proximus is closely related to Z. condignus and allied species. Among the species of this group, it is characterized particularly by the elongate antennomere XI, the shapes of the sexually dimorphic tergite and sternite VIII (especially the shape of the male tergite VIII), and by the shape of the aedeagus.</p> <p>Distribution and natural history: This species has been recorded from South and Northeast India, the Chinese province Guizhou, Thailand, and Laos (Map 6). The teneral female from Guizhou was recorded as Zyras sp. 15 by ASSING (2016a). Although this is not explicitly stated on most of the labels, the specimens from Thailand and Laos appear to have been collected with flight (Malaise?) traps, as can be inferred from the number of specimens collected in the same locality and from the observation that practically all the specimens have the hind wings fully unfolded. The altitudes range from 300 to approximately 1500 m.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BAFFE1E510534084DB626BFE15	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, Volker	Assing, Volker (2017): On Zyras sensu strictu in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a focus on the faunas of the Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Sulawesi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (1): 117-192, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.67.1.117-192
03A787BAFFE3E51150C686FB623AFA75.text	03A787BAFFE3E51150C686FB623AFA75.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zyras (Zyras) novinversus Assing 2017	<div><p>Zyras (Zyras) novinversus nom. nov.</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 3BD2568F-509A-4132-9F55-131D59FE9405</p> <p>(Figs 30–31, 67, 106, 198–202, Map 5)</p> <p>Zyras (Zyras) inversus PACE, 2012b: 339; preoccupied.</p> <p>Type material examined: Holotype ♀: “ THAILAND, Doi Angkhang, 24.X.2010, G. de Rougemont / Holotypus Zyras inversus mihi, det. R. Pace, 2011 / Zyras inversus n. sp., det. R. Pace, 2011 / Zyras novinversus nom. n., det. V. Assing 2016” (cRou).</p> <p>Comment: The original description is based on two females from “ Thailand Doi Angkhang” (PACE 2012b). The examined holotype is evidently subject to postmortem darkening and has the eyes deformed, most likely as a result of the effect of chemicals or other improper treatment during original dissection.</p> <p>Zyras inversus PACE, 2012 is a primary homonym of Zyras (Glossacantha) inversus PACE, 2001, a species described based on two females from Tamil Nadu in South India (Pace 2001b). The junior primary homonym is here replaced with the nomen novum Zyras novinversus (a combination of novus and inversus). It is, however, with some hesitation that I propose a replacement name. This species is most likely widespread and the possibility that one of the unrevised names described based on material from Java and Sumatra refers to this name cannot be ruled out with certainty.</p> <p>Additional material examined: Thailand: 7 exs., Tak province, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.466666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.8/lat 15.466666)">Umphang district</a>, Song Bae Stream, Thung Yai Wildlife Sanctuary, 15°28'N, 98°48'E, 300 m, evergreen rain forest, 18–27.IV.1988, leg. Brendell (BMNH, cAss); 12 exs., Tak province, Umphang district, Mae Chan – Mae Klong confluence, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.8/lat 15.5)">Thung Yai Wildlife Sanctuary</a>, 15°30'N, 98°48'E, 300 m, edge of Karen clearing, 27.IV.– 6.V.1988, leg. Brendell (BMNH, cAss). Laos: 15 exs., Phongsaly province, Phongsaly env., 1300–1500 m, V.2004 (cMar, cAss).</p> <p>Redescription: Body length 4.5–6.6 mm; length of forebody 2.1–2.9 mm. Coloration (Figs 30–31, 67, 106): head and pronotum black; elytra reddish-yellow with the postero-lateral portions blackish, rarely nearly uniformly dark with only the humeral angles indistinctly paler; abdomen with segments II–V reddish (rarely reddishbrown with reddish margins), segment VI reddish or brown with reddish margins, segment VII usually darkbrown to blackish-brown with the anterior portion reddish, rarely completely reddish, segment VIII darkbrown to blackish-brown, segment IX dark-brown, and tergite X reddish; legs pale-yellowish; antennae blackishbrown to black with antennomeres I–II reddish-yellow to brown and the apex of antennomere XI dark-reddish; maxillary palpi yellowish-brown, with the terminal palpomere yellowish.</p> <p>Head (Fig. 67) moderately transverse, broadly impunctate along middle; punctation in lateral dorsal portions moderately coarse and sparse. Eyes large, twice as long as postocular region in dorsal view, or nearly so. Antenna (Figs 30–31) 1.9–2.1 mm long; antennomeres IV and V weakly oblong, VI approximately as long as broad, VII approximately as long as broad or weakly transverse, VIII–X of gradually increasing width and increasingly transverse, X approximately 1.5 times as broad as long, and XI elongate, approximately as long as the combined length of VIII–X.</p> <p>Pronotum (Fig. 67) approximately 1.2 times as broad as long and 1.07–1.15 times as broad as head, broadest near anterior angles, distinctly tapering posteriad; lateral margins straight or weakly sinuate in posterior two-thirds (dorsal view); punctation very coarse, very irregularly distributed, arranged in more or less distinct clusters, these clusters often situated in very shallow impressions, middle and lateral portion with extensive impunctate patches; lateral margins each with four long, black setae.</p> <p>Elytra (Fig. 67) 0.85–0.93 times as long as pronotum; punctation coarse, defined, moderately dense to dense, and almost regularly distributed, somewhat less dense in posterior portion. Hind wings fully developed. Metatarsomere I shorter than the combined length of II–IV.</p> <p>Abdomen (Fig. 106) narrower than elytra, with moderately deep anterior impressions on tergites III–V; anterior impressions of tergites III–V with dense and rather coarse non-setiferous punctation; tergite III with a lateral setiferous puncture on either side and with four setiferous punctures at posterior margin; tergites IV–V with a lateral setiferous puncture on either side (often accompanied by few non-setiferous punctures) and with six setiferous punctures at posterior margin; tergite VI anteriorly with more or less extensive non-setiferous punctation, with a lateral setiferous puncture on either side (often accompanied by few non-setiferous punctures) and with six setiferous punctures at posterior margin; tergite VII with a transverse band of sparse and rather fine non-setiferous punctures anteriorly, with a transverse series of approximately eight setiferous punctures at posterior fourth, and with scattered setiferous punctures at posterior margin, palisade fringe present; tergite VIII with sparse setiferous punctures in posterior portion, posterior margin with sexual dimorphism.</p> <p>♂: posterior margin of tergite VIII (Fig. 201) with four weakly pronounced blunt projections; posterior margin of sternite VIII (Fig. 202) weakly convex, nearly truncate in the middle; median lobe of aedeagus approximately 0.75 mm long and shaped as in Figs 198–199; paramere (Fig. 200) approximately 0.8 mm long and with rather long apical lobe.</p> <p>♀: posterior margin of tergite VIII smoothly convex or with shallow median concavity; posterior margin of sternite VIII weakly concave.</p> <p>Intraspefic variation: Body size, the coloration of the elytra and abdomen, as well as the shapes of tergite and sternite VIII are subject to rather pronounced intraspefic variation.</p> <p>Comparative notes: As can be inferred from the generally similar external characters, particularly the conspicuously irregular punctation and the often slightly uneven surface of the pronotum, and the punctation pattern of the abdomen, as well as from the sexual dimorphism of tergite VIII, the similar modifications of the male tergite VIII, and from the relatively long apical lobe of the paramere, Z. novinversus is very closely allied to Z. proximus, from which it is distinguished by the different coloration of the abdomen, an on average less uneven disc of the pronotum, less pronounced modifications of the male tergite VIII, and by the shape of the ventral process of the aedeagus.</p> <p>Distribution and natural history: Although currently known only from Thailand and Laos (Map 5), this species is most likely more widespread in the Oriental region, as is suggested by the vast distribution of the similar and closely related Z. proximus, as well as by the fact that at least the examined non-type material was evidently collected on the wing (practically all the specimens have the hind wings fully unfolded). The additional material from Thailand was collected in an evergreen rain forest and at the edge of a clearing at an altitude of 300 m, together with several other species of Zyras sensu strictu, among them numerous Z. proximus. The specimens from Laos were taken at an altitude of 1300–1500 m.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BAFFE3E51150C686FB623AFA75	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, Volker	Assing, Volker (2017): On Zyras sensu strictu in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a focus on the faunas of the Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Sulawesi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (1): 117-192, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.67.1.117-192
03A787BAFFE2E5165098811B6283FDD5.text	03A787BAFFE2E5165098811B6283FDD5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zyras (Zyras) brevilobatus Assing 2017	<div><p>Zyras (Zyras) brevilobatus spec. nov.</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 6C6FB4E9-8A7B-40FB-B1C9-938C01CCD505</p> <p>(Figs 32, 68, 102, 203–205, Map 10)</p> <p>Type material: Holotype ♂: “W. THAILAND: 300 m., <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.8/lat 15.5)">Thung Yai Wildlife Sanctuary</a>. 15°30'N – 98°48'E. / Tak Province, Umphang District, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.8/lat 15.5)">Mae Chan</a> – <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.8/lat 15.5)">Mae Klong confluence</a>. 27.iv.–6.v.1988. / Mixed riverside forest. M.J.D. Brendell. B.M. 1988-183 / Holotypus ♂ Zyras brevilobatus sp. n. det. V. Assing 2016” (BMNH). Paratypes: 2 ♂♂ [both without aedeagus!]: same data as holotype (BMNH, cAss).</p> <p>Etymology: The specific epithet (adjective) alludes to the conspicuously short ventral process of the aedeagus.</p> <p>Description: Body length 6.0– 6.3 mm; length of forebody 2.5–2.7 mm. Coloration (Figs 32, 68, 102): head black; pronotum and elytra dark-brown; abdomen with segments II–V pale-reddish, segment VI reddish or brown with reddish margins, segment VII bicoloured with the anterior fourth pale-reddish and the posterior three-fourths blackish-brown, and segments VIII–X blackish-brown; legs pale-yellowish; antennae blackish-brown with antennomeres I–II dark-yellowish and the apex of XI slightly paler brown; maxillary palpi yellowish.</p> <p>Head (Fig. 68) distinctly transverse, middle and posterior portion extensively impunctate; punctation in lateral and anterior portions sparse and moderately coarse. Eyes large and bulging, approximately twice as long as postocular region in dorsal view. Antenna (Fig. 32) 1.8–2.0 mm long; antennomeres IV–V very weakly oblong, VI approximately as broad as long, VII–IX weakly transverse, X less than 1.5 times as broad as long, and XI longer than the combined length of IX and X, but shorter than the combined length of VIII–X.</p> <p>Pronotum (Fig. 68) strongly transverse, nearly 1.3 times as broad as long and 1.2 times as broad as head, broadest in anterior half, distinctly tapering posteriad; lateral margins straight in posterior two-thirds (dorsal view); punctation coarse, moderately dense, and slightly irregularly distributed, antero-lateral portions of disc with an impunctate patch on either side; midline narrowly impunctate; lateral margins with four long dark setae.</p> <p>Elytra (Fig. 68) approximately 0.9 times as long as pronotum; punctation coarse, moderately dense anteriorly and very sparse posteriorly. Hind wings fully developed. Metatarsomere I as long as, or slightly shorter than the combined length of II–IV.</p> <p>Abdomen (Fig. 102) narrower than elytra, with moderately deep anterior impressions on tergites III–V; anterior impressions of tergites III–V each with a row of moderately coarse non-setiferous punctures; tergite III with a lateral setiferous puncture on either side and with four setiferous punctures at posterior margin; tergites IV–V with a lateral setiferous puncture on either side and with six setiferous punctures at posterior margin; tergite VI with a somewhat irregular transverse band of rather sparse and fine non-setiferous punctures anteriorly, with a lateral setiferous puncture on either side, and with six setiferous punctures at posterior margin; tergite VII with sparse and fine non-setiferous punctation in anterior portion and with two transverse rows of setiferous punctures in posterior portion, posterior margin with palisade fringe; tergite VIII with long black setae near posterior margin, the latter with distinct concavity in the middle.</p> <p>♂: sternite VIII with convex posterior margin; median lobe of aedeagus (Figs 203–204) 0.8 mm long and with conspicuously short ventral process; paramere (Fig. 205) 0.9 mm long, with moderately long apical lobe.</p> <p>Comparative notes: This species is characterized particularly by the conspicuously short ventral process of the aedeagus. It additionally differs from other species recorded from Thailand by the strongly transverse pronotum, by the coloration of the abdomen in combination with completely dark elytra, and by the punctation pattern of the abdomen.</p> <p>Distribution and natural history: The type locality is situated in West Thailand (Map 10). The specimens were collected in a mixed forest near a river at an altitude of 300 m, most likely with Malaise or flight interception traps, together with numerous specimens of Z. proximus and Z. novinversus.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BAFFE2E5165098811B6283FDD5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, Volker	Assing, Volker (2017): On Zyras sensu strictu in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a focus on the faunas of the Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Sulawesi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (1): 117-192, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.67.1.117-192
03A787BAFFE5E51650C685BB60EAF835.text	03A787BAFFE5E51650C685BB60EAF835.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zyras (Zyras) parvicollis Assing 2017	<div><p>Zyras (Zyras) parvicollis spec. nov.</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 317676A6-1E6A-495F-9864-B7DFA85717F4</p> <p>(Figs 33, 69, 104, 206–211, Map 10)</p> <p>Type material: Holotype ♂: “W. THAILAND: 300 m., <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.466666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.8/lat 15.466666)">Thung Yai Wildlife Sanctuary</a>. 15°28'N – 98°48'E. / Tak Province, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.466666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.8/lat 15.466666)">Umphang District</a>, Song Bae Stream. 18–27.iv. 1988. / Evergreen rain forest. M.J.D. Brendell. B.M. 1988- 183 / Holotypus ♂ Zyras parvicollis sp. n. det. V. Assing 2016” (BMNH). Paratypes: 3 ♂♂: same data as holotype (BMNH, cAss).</p> <p>Etymology: The specific epithet (adjective) alludes to the relatively small and weakly transverse pronotum.</p> <p>Description: Size highly variable: body length 5.8–6.8 mm; length of forebody 2.5–3.0 mm. Coloration (Figs 33, 69, 104): head and pronotum black; elytra dark-yellowish with the postero-lateral portion more or less extensively and rather sharply blackish; abdomen with tergites III–V dark-brown to blackish-brown with the posterior margins and the paratergites more or less extensively dark-reddish, tergite VI blackish-brown to black with the posterior margin and the paratergites dark-reddish, tergites VII–VIII and segments IX–X blackish-brown to black; legs pale-yellowish; antennae blackish with antennomeres I–II yellowish-brown to brown and the apex of antennomere XI dark-reddish; maxillary palpi reddish-brown to dark-brown, with the terminal palpomere yellowish to reddish.</p> <p>Head (Fig. 69) distinctly transverse, broadly impunctate along middle, in lateral portions with sparse and moderately coarse punctation. Eyes large and bulging, much longer than postocular region in dorsal view. Antenna (Fig. 33) slender, 2.1–2.3 mm long; antennomeres IV–V weakly oblong, VI approximately as long as broad; VII approximately as long as broad or weakly transverse; VIII–X weakly transverse, X approximately 1.5 times as broad as long, and XI distinctly elongate, approximately as long as the combined length of VIII–X.</p> <p>Pronotum (Fig. 69) relatively small (in relation to head), approximately 1.2 times as broad as long and 1.10–1.18 times as broad as head, broadest near anterior angles; lateral margins straight or weakly convex in posterior two-thirds (dorsal view), strongly converging posteriad; surface smooth, without impressions; punctation coarse, moderately sparse, and moderately irregularly distributed; median line narrowly impunctate or anteriorly with scattered punctures.</p> <p>Elytra (Fig. 69) 0.88–0.95 times as long as pronotum; punctation coarse and dense, somewhat sparser in posterior fourth. Hind wings fully developed. Metatarsomere I slightly shorter than the combined length of II–IV.</p> <p>Abdomen (Fig. 104) slightly narrower than elytra, with moderately deep anterior impressions on tergites III–V; anterior impressions of tergites III–V each with a row or with a transverse band of coarse non-setiferous punctures; tergite III with a lateral setiferous puncture on either side and with four setiferous punctures at posterior margin (median pair somewhat separated from margin); tergites IV and V with a lateral setiferous puncture on either side and with six setiferous punctures at posterior margin; tergite VI with a narrow transverse row of non-setiferous punctures at anterior margin, with a lateral setiferous puncture on either side, and with six setiferous punctures at or near posterior margin; tergite VII with a transverse band of non-setiferous punctures anteriorly, and with two transverse rows of setiferous punctures posteriorly, posterior margin with palisade fringe; tergite VIII with sparse long and black setae in posterior portion.</p> <p>♂: posterior margin of tergite VIII (Fig. 206) with a median pair of blunt teeth; sternite VIII (Fig. 207) weakly transverse, posterior margin convex; median lobe of aedeagus 0.80–0.85 mm long and shaped as in Figs 208–211; paramere approximately 0.9 mm long and with moderately long apical lobe.</p> <p>Comparative notes: Zyras parvicollis is distinguished from the similarly coloured Z. proximus by a pronotum without impressions and with less irregular punctation, by the presence of only two blunt teeth at the posterior margin of the male tergite VIII, by a transverse male sternite VIII, by the shape of the ventral process of the aedeagus, and by a shorter apical lobe of the paramere. From other sympatric species of similar habitus and punctation (Z. novinversus, Z. brevilobatus), it is readily separated by the different coloration of the abdomen alone.</p> <p>Distribution and natural history: The type locality is situated in West Thailand (Map 10). The specimens were collected in an evergreen rain forest at an altitude of 300 m, most likely with flight (Malaise?) traps, together with Z. proximus, Z. novinversus, Z. bettotanus, and Z. brevilobatus.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BAFFE5E51650C685BB60EAF835	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, Volker	Assing, Volker (2017): On Zyras sensu strictu in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a focus on the faunas of the Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Sulawesi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (1): 117-192, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.67.1.117-192
03A787BAFFE4E517509887FB60F2FC15.text	03A787BAFFE4E517509887FB60F2FC15.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zyras (Zyras) ambulans Assing 2017	<div><p>Zyras (Zyras) ambulans spec. nov.</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub: FD33C1AE-F7D9-4E3A-A053-A2CAA7261CFE</p> <p>(Figs 34, 70, 107, 212–215, Map 10)</p> <p>Type material: Holotype ♂: “ Thailand, Satun Prov., Thale Ban N.P., 20 km E Satun, 200–400 m, 1.–4.I.1996, leg. Schulz &amp; Vock / Holotypus ♂ Zyras ambulans sp. n., det. V. Assing 2016” (cAss).</p> <p>Etymology: The specific epithet is the present participle of the Latin verb ambulare (to walk) and alludes to absence of functional hind wings.</p> <p>Description: Body length 6.2 mm; length of forebody 2.5 mm. Coloration (Figs 34, 70, 107): head blackishbrown; pronotum and elytra dark-brown; abdomen with segments III–V reddish, tergite VI dark-brown with reddish margins, VII and VIII dark-brown with the anterior and posterior margins narrowly paler; legs yellowish with the apices of the meso- and metafemora brown; antennae dark-brown with antennomeres I–II reddish and XI yellow; maxillary palpi dark-yellowish with the terminal palpomere pale-yellowish.</p> <p>Head (Fig. 70) moderately transverse, middle extensively impunctate; punctation in lateral dorsal portions sparse and fine. Eyes large and bulging, much longer than postocular region in dorsal view. Antenna (Fig. 34) 2.3 mm long; antennomeres IV–V oblong, VI weakly oblong, VII as long as broad or weakly oblong, VIII–IX very weakly transverse, X less than 1.5 times as broad as long, and XI approximately as long as the combined length of IX and X. Pronotum (Fig. 70) weakly transverse, approximately 1.1 times as broad as long and 1.2 times as broad as head, broadest anteriorly, distinctly tapering posteriad; lateral margins straight in posterior two-thirds (dorsal view); punctation shallow and sparse; midline broadly impunctate; lateral margins anteriorly with two very long, stout, dark setae.</p> <p>Elytra (Fig. 70) short, approximately 0.7 times as long as pronotum; punctation moderately dense, moderately coarse, and regularly distributed. Hind wings reduced. Metatarsomere I longer than the combined length of II and III, but shorter than the combined length of II–IV.</p> <p>Abdomen (Fig. 107) broader than elytra, with moderately deep anterior impressions on tergites III–V; anterior impressions of tergites III–V without non-setiferous punctures; tergites III–VI with a lateral puncture bearing a long black seta on either side and with a transverse row of approximately 10 setiferous punctures at or near posterior margins, at least the lateral punctures of these rows bearing long black setae; tergite VII anteriorly with a cluster of rather sparse shallow non-setiferous punctures and posteriorly with sparse setiferous punctures, posterior margin with narrow palisade fringe; tergite VIII with sparse setiferous punctures only in posterior portion, posterior margin smoothly convex, without median excision or other modifications.</p> <p>♂: sternite VIII with convex posterior margin; median lobe of aedeagus 0.65 mm long and shaped as in Figs 212–213; paramere (Fig. 214) much longer than median lobe (0.9 mm), with long, flattened, and somewhat club-shaped apical lobe (Fig. 215).</p> <p>Comparative notes: Zyras ambulans is distinguished from all the species previously known from Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia by the reduced hind wings and the morphology of the aedeagus (shape of median lobe; modifications of paramere). It is additionally characterized by the coloration (body, legs, and antennae), a slender pronotum, short elytra, and the punctation pattern of the abdomen.</p> <p>Distribution and natural history: Thale Ban National Park is situated in the extreme south of Thailand at approximately 6°43'N, 100°10'E, close to the border with Malaysia (Map 10). The holotype was collected at an altitude between 200 and 400 m. Since one of the collectors is a myrmecologist, it may have been found associated with ants.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BAFFE4E517509887FB60F2FC15	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, Volker	Assing, Volker (2017): On Zyras sensu strictu in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a focus on the faunas of the Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Sulawesi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (1): 117-192, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.67.1.117-192
03A787BAFFE4E514531A84FB60ADFE15.text	03A787BAFFE4E514531A84FB60ADFE15.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zyras (Zyras) nitens Cameron 1944	<div><p>Zyras (Zyras) nitens CAMERON, 1944</p> <p>(Figs 10, 71, 109, 216–221, Map 8)</p> <p>Zyras (Zyras) nitens CAMERON, 1944: 108.</p> <p>Type material examined: Holotype ♂: “The Gap, Selangor, F.M.S., Dr. Cameron / Bank of Stream / Debris / Z. nitens Cam. Type / Holotype / Holotypus Zyras nitens Cameron, rev. V. Assing 2016” (BMNH).</p> <p>Comment: The original description is based on a unique specimen from “ SELANGOR: The Gap” (CAMERON 1944).</p> <p>Additional material examined: Malaysia: 1 ♀, Selangor, Ulu Gombak Field Studies Centre, 250 m, flight interception trap, III.2004, leg. Maruyama et al. (cMar).</p> <p>Redescription: Body length 5.0– 5.8 mm; length of forebody 2.7–2.8 mm. Coloration (Figs 10, 71, 109): head and pronotum dark-brown; elytra brown or dark-reddish with the postero-lateral portions slightly and diffusely darker; abdomen dark-brown, with tergite II, the anterior and antero-lateral portions of tergites III–VI, and most of the paratergites yellowish to yellowish-brown, and with segments IX–X dark-yellowish; legs yellowish with the apices of the meso- and metafemora slightly darker; antennae brown with the basal 2–3 antennomeres pale-reddish and XI pale yellowish to dark-yellowish; maxillary palpi yellowish.</p> <p>Head (Fig. 71) moderately transverse, median portion extensively impunctate; punctures in lateral portions sparse and fine to moderately coarse. Eyes at least twice as long as distance from posterior margin of eye to posterior constriction of head in dorsal view. Antenna (Fig. 10) 2.4 mm long and slender; antennomeres IV–VIII oblong, IX approximately as long as broad to weakly oblong, X very weakly transverse, and XI slightly shorter than the combined length of IX and X.</p> <p>Pronotum (Fig. 71) 1.09–1.12 times as broad as long and 1.1–1.2 times as broad as head, broadest in anterior half, weakly tapering posteriad; lateral margins weakly sinuate in posterior half in dorsal view; punctation coarse and irregularly distributed, on either side of midline with extensive impunctate areas; lateral margins each with four long and erect black setae, one of them inserting near anterior and one near posterior angle, and two in between; anterior margin with an additional long seta on either side; pubescence of disc moderately long, suberect, and pale.</p> <p>Elytra (Fig. 71) 0.77–0.79 times as long as pronotum; punctation coarse, moderately dense anteriorly and rather sparse near posterior margins; pubescence suberect, rather long, and pale on disc, dark and stouter at lateral margins. Hind wings present. Metatarsomere I longer than the combined length of II and III.</p> <p>Abdomen (Fig. 109) as broad as, or slightly broader than elytra, with rather deep anterior impressions on tergites III–V; anterior impressions of tergites III–V each with a transverse row of rather weakly defined grooves; tergites III–VI with a lateral setiferous puncture on either side and with a transverse row of six setiferous punctures at or near posterior margin, tergite VI additionally with scattered non-setiferous punctures anteriorly; tergite VII anteriorly with a narrow transverse band of non-setiferous punctures and posteriorly with two transverse rows of sparse setiferous punctures, posterior margin with palisade fringe; tergite VIII (Fig. 219) with approximately twelve long dark setae in posterior fourth, arranged in two transverse rows, posterior margin convex; all sternites with numerous long dark setae posteriorly.</p> <p>♂: sternite VIII (Fig. 220) apically conspicuously acute, apex somewhat bifid (Fig. 221); median lobe of aedeagus (Figs 216–217) 0.84 mm long and with a ventral process of distinctive shape, particularly in lateral view; paramere (Fig. 218) approximately 0.9 mm long, apical lobe distinctly modified, long, depressed, and apically rounded.</p> <p>Comparative notes: As can be inferred from the slender habitus, the long and slender appendages, the glossy appearance, and particularly by the posteriorly strongly produced male sternite VIII, the morphology of the aedeagus (shape of apex of ventral process; long and flattened apical lobe of paramere), Z. nitens is closely allied to Z. truncatus, Z. glabricollis, and allied species. Among the species of this group, it is characterized by large eyes, the morphology of the antennae, coarse punctation of the elytra, the punctation pattern of the pronotum, and particularly by the distinctive shapes of the male sternite VIII and the median lobe of the aedeagus.</p> <p>Distribution and natural history: This species is currently known from two close localities in Selangor, Peninsular Malaysia (Map 8). The holotype was collected from debris on a stream bank, the additional specimen with a flight interception trap at an altitude of 250 m.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BAFFE4E514531A84FB60ADFE15	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, Volker	Assing, Volker (2017): On Zyras sensu strictu in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a focus on the faunas of the Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Sulawesi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (1): 117-192, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.67.1.117-192
03A787BAFFE7E515534086FB6632FE35.text	03A787BAFFE7E515534086FB6632FE35.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zyras (Zyras) gratellus Cameron 1939	<div><p>Zyras (Zyras) gratellus CAMERON, 1939</p> <p>(Figs 26, 39, 72, 74, 110, 222–226, 234–238)</p> <p>Zyras (Zyras) gratellus CAMERON, 1939b: 20.</p> <p>Type material examined: Lectotype ♂: “ F. C. Drescher, G. Tangkoeban Prahoe, 4000-5000 Voet, Preanger, Java, 19-31.I.1933 / Z. gratellus Cam Type / M. Cameron. Bequest. 1955-147. / Lectotypus ♂ Zyras gratellus Cameron, desig. V. Assing 2017” (BMNH).</p> <p>Comment: The original description is based on an unspecified number of syntypes from “G. Tangkoeban Prahoe” (CAMERON 1944). The sole syntype found in the Cameron collection, a male, is designated as the lectotype.</p> <p>Additional material examined: Malaysia: 1 ♂, Pahang, 1 km W ‘ Gap’, 750–850 m, 8.II.1992, leg. Schillhammer (NHMW); 1 ♂, Selangor, Ulu Gombak Field Studies Centre, 250 m, flight interception trap, 2–18. III.2004, leg. Maruyama et al. (cMar). Indonesia: 1 ♂, Sulawesi Utara, Nani Wartabone [“Dumoga-Bone”] National Park, 200–300 m, lowland forest, Malaise trap, 9–16.V.1985 (BMNH); 1 ♀, same data, but 200 m, 24.II.1985 (cAss).</p> <p>Redescription: Body length 4.8–5.3 mm; length of forebody 2.1–2.4 mm. Coloration (Figs 26, 39, 72, 74, 110, 112): head and pronotum reddish to dark-brown; elytra dark-yellowish to reddish with the postero-lateral portions extensively, more or less distinctly, and diffusely darker, or elytra dark-brown with the anterior margin yellowish; abdomen uniformly pale-reddish to blackishbrown with the anterior portions of all tergites yellowish to reddish; antennae brown to dark-brown, antennomeres I–II sometimes slightly paler and antennomere XI reddish to dark-brown; maxillary palpi yellowish to darkbrown, with the terminal palpomere pale-yellowish.</p> <p>Head (Figs 72, 74) transverse, approximately 1.25 times as broad as long, broadly impunctate along middle; lateral dorsal portions with scattered fine punctures. Eyes large and bulging, more than twice as long as postocular region in dorsal view. Antenna (Figs 26, 39) 1.55–1.70 mm long; antennomeres IV as long as broad or weakly transverse, V–X of gradually increasing width and increasingly transverse, X 1.5 times to nearly twice as broad as long, and XI conspicuously elongate, as long as, or longer than the combined length of VIII–X.</p> <p>Pronotum (Figs 72, 74) 1.14–1.15 times as broad as long and 1.10–1.20 times as broad as head, broadest near anterior angles, moderately tapering posteriad; lateral margins straight or convex in posterior two-thirds (dorsal view); punctation moderately fine to moderately coarse, sparse to moderately dense, and moderately irregularly distributed; laterally with more or less extensive impunctate patches; midline broadly impunctate; lateral margins each with four long brown setae; anterior margin with one long brown seta on either side.</p> <p>Elytra (Figs 72, 74) approximately 0.85–0.90 times as long as pronotum; punctation dense, moderately coarse, and more or less regularly distributed; interstices on average as broad as, or slightly broader than diameter of punctures; scutellum with coarse and defined punctation. Hind wings probably fully developed. Metatarsomere I as long as, or shorter than the combined length of II–IV.</p> <p>Abdomen (Figs 110, 112) distinctly narrower than elytra, with deep anterior impressions on tergites III–V; tergites III–V each with a transverse row of fine and weakly defined non-setiferous punctures in anterior impressions, with a lateral puncture on either side, and with a variable number of setiferous punctures at posterior margins; tergites IV–VI sometimes with a median pair of setiferous punctures; tergite VI with a transverse row of non-setiferous punctures anteriorly, with a lateral setiferous puncture on either side, and with approximately ten setiferous punctures at posterior margin; tergite VII with a transverse band of non-setiferous punctures anteriorly and with two transverse series of setiferous punctures posteriorly; tergite VIII (Figs 225, 237) with 15 long dark setae posteriorly, posterior margin smoothly convex, truncate, or weakly concave in the middle.</p> <p>♂: posterior margin of sternite VIII (Figs 226, 238) obtusely angled in the middle; median lobe of aedeagus approximately 0.5 mm long and shaped as in Figs 222–223, 234–235; paramere (Figs 224, 236) relatively small and slender, apical lobe small and with a conspicuously long terminal seta.</p> <p>♀: posterior margin of sternite VIII weakly convex.</p> <p>Intraspecific variation: The specimens from Sulawesi are distinguished from those from Peninsular Malaysia and Java by distinctly darker coloration of the forebody and the abdomen, a reddish antennomere XI (distinctly contrasting with the dark antennomeres I-X), and slight differences in the shape of the median lobe of the aedeagus. For comparison see Figs 26, 72, 110, 222–226 versus Figs 39, 74, 112, 234–238. These differences are interpreted as intraspecific variation, also in view of the small number of specimens available.</p> <p>Comparative notes: This species is readily distinguished from all other consubgeners particularly by the derived morphology and chaetotaxy of the paramere (small apical lobe with conspicuously long apical seta). It is additionally characterized by a conspicuously elongate antennomere XI and by the morphology of the aedeagus.</p> <p>Distribution and natural history: This species is currently known from two localities in Peninsular Malaysia, one in Java, and one in Sulawesi Utara. The non-type specimens were collected with flight interception and Malaise traps. The altitudes range from 200 to more than 1200 m.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BAFFE7E515534086FB6632FE35	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, Volker	Assing, Volker (2017): On Zyras sensu strictu in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a focus on the faunas of the Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Sulawesi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (1): 117-192, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.67.1.117-192
03A787BAFFE6E51A531A86DB618DFB15.text	03A787BAFFE6E51A531A86DB618DFB15.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zyras (Zyras) bettotanus Cameron 1930	<div><p>Zyras (Zyras) bettotanus CAMERON, 1930</p> <p>(Map 9)</p> <p>Zyras bettotanus CAMERON, 1930: 168.</p> <p>Zyras (Zyras) drescheri CAMERON, 1939b: 17; syn. n.</p> <p>Zyras (Zyras) atrapicalis ASSING, 2016a: 140 f.; syn. n.</p> <p>Type material examined: Z. bettotanus: Holotype ♂: “ N. Borneo. Bettotan, / Nr. Sandakan. Aug. 23rd 1927 / Zyras bettotanus Cam. Type / M. Cameron. Bequest. B.M. 1955-147. / Holotype / Holotypus Zyras bettotanus Cameron, rev. V. Assing 2017” (BMNH).</p> <p>Z. drescheri: Lectotype ♂, present designation: “Batoerraden, G. Slamat. Java, F.C. Drescher. 7-9.VIII.1926 / Z. drescheri Cam Cotype / M. Cameron. Bequest. B.M. 1955-147. / Syntype / Lectotypus ♂ Zyras drescheri Cameron, desig. V. Assing 2017 / Zyras bettotanus Cameron, det. V. Assing 2017” (BMNH). Paralectotype ♀: same data as lectotype (BMNH).</p> <p>Comment: The original description of Z. bettotanus is based on a unique holotype from “ North Borneo; Bettotan” (CAMERON 1930). HLAVÁČ et al. (2011) list the species as incertae sedis, but PACE (2008) assigned it to Zyras sensu strictu in a key to the Zyras species of Borneo. CAMERON (1939b) described Z. drescheri based on an unspecified number of syntypes from “Batoerraden: G. Slamat”, “Bandoeng Dago”, and “G. Tangkoeban Prahoe”. Two of the syntypes, a male and a female, were found in the Cameron collection at the BMNH. The male is designated as the lectotype. Zyras atrapicalis was recently described based on material from the Chinese province Yunnan. An exmination of the type material of all three names revealed that it is conspecific, so that Z. drescheri and Z. atrapicalis are placed in synonymy with Z. bettotanus. For a detailed description and illustrations see ASSING (2016a).</p> <p>The coloration of this species is remarkably variable. While the head and pronotum are usually blackish in material from most regions, some specimens from Java have the head and pronotum reddish, or the head reddish and the pronotum brown.</p> <p>Additional material examined: Thailand: 3 exs., Tak province, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.466666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.8/lat 15.466666)">Umphang district</a>, Song Bae Stream, Thung Yai Wildlife Sanctuary, 15°28'N, 98°48'E, 300 m, evergreen rain forest, 18–27.IV.1988, leg. Brendell (BMNH); 11 exs., Tak province, Umphang district, Mae Chan – Mae Klong confluence,, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.8/lat 15.5)">Thung Yai Wildlife Sanctuary</a>, 15°30'N, 98°48'E, 300 m, evergreen rain forest, 27.IV.–6.V.1988, leg. Brendell (BMNH, cAss); 1 ex., Tak province, Umphang district, Mae Chan – Mae Klong confluence, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.8/lat 15.5)">Thung Yai Wildlife Sanctuary</a>, 15°30'N, 98°48'E, 300 m, edge of <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.8/lat 15.5)">Karen</a> clearing, 27.IV.–6.V.1988, leg. Brendell (cAss). Malaysia: 1 ♀, Cameron Highlands, 22–30.III.1984, leg. Rougemont (cRou); 7 exs., Selangor, Ulu Gombak Field Studies Centre, 250 m, flight interception trap, III.2004, leg. Maruyama et al. (cHla, cMar, cAss); 8 exs., Borneo, Sabah, Sandakan, S Lokan, flight interception trap, III.1997, leg. Chung (BMNH, cAss); 1 ex., same data, but IX.1996 (cAss); 4 exs., Sabah, Sandakan, Sepilok, flight interception trap, X.1996, leg. Chung (BMNH, cAss); 2 exs., Sabah, Danum valley, B.R. L., flight interception trap, 14–16.II.2007, leg. Rougemont (cRou). Indonesia: 2 ♂♂, 3♀♀, Jawa Barat, Bogor, Kebun Raya Bogor, 250 m, flight interception trap, 20.I.–7. II.2004, leg. Maruyama (cMar, cAss); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Jawa Barat, Cianjur, Kebun Raya, Cibodas, 1400 m, flight interception trap, 29.I.-4.II.2004, leg. Maruyama et al. (cMar, cAss); 9 exs., Borneo, Kalimantan Tengah, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.98333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.98333/lat -0.05)">Busang–Rekut</a> confluence, 0°03'S, 113°59'E, flight interception trap, VIII.2001, leg. Brendell &amp; Mendel (BMNH, cAss). Brunei: 1 ex., Temburong District, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=115.11667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.5666666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 115.11667/lat 4.5666666)">Kuala Belalong</a> FSC, 4°34'N, 115°07'E, 150 m, steep forest, Malaise trap, X.1992, leg. Martin (BMNH).</p> <p>Distribution and natural history: Zyras bettotanus is evidently widespread in the Oriental region (Map 9). It is now known from South China, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Java, and Borneo (Malaysia: Sabah; Indonesia: Kalimantan Tengah; Brunei). At least the majority of the specimens was collected with flight interception and Malaise traps at low altitudes (150–300 m).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BAFFE6E51A531A86DB618DFB15	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, Volker	Assing, Volker (2017): On Zyras sensu strictu in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a focus on the faunas of the Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Sulawesi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (1): 117-192, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.67.1.117-192
03A787BAFFE9E51A534087FB67B7F995.text	03A787BAFFE9E51A534087FB67B7F995.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zyras (Zyras) montanus (BERNHAUER 1915) Borneo	<div><p>Zyras (Zyras) montanus (BERNHAUER, 1915)</p> <p>(Figs 271–275)</p> <p>Astilbus montanus BERNHAUER, 1915: 152 f.</p> <p>Zyras (Zyras) montanus (BERNHAUER, 1915): PACE (2008: 110).</p> <p>Zyras (Zyras) montanus (CAMERON) [sic]: PACE (2008: 141, 144, 152).</p> <p>Material examined: Borneo: 16 exs., Indonesia, Kalimantan Tengah, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.98333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.98333/lat -0.05)">Busang–Rekut</a> confluence, 0°03'S, 113°59'E, flight interception trap, VIII.2001, leg. Brendell &amp; Mendel (BMNH, cAss); 1 ex., Brunei, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=115.11667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.5666666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 115.11667/lat 4.5666666)">Kuala Belalong</a> FSC, 4°34'N, 115°07'E, 260 m, dipterocarp forest, flight interception trap, 16.VI.1991, leg. Mawdsley (BMNH); 1 ex., Malaysia, Sabah, Sandakan, Sepilok, flight interception trap, X.1996, leg. Chung (BMNH).</p> <p>Comment: Astilbus montanus was described from a unique female collected in “ Sarawak: Mt. Matang” (BERNHAUER 1915). The holotype was studied and figured by PACE (2008), who moved the species to Zyras sensu strictu and attributed the species partly to Bernhauer and partly to Cameron.</p> <p>A study of the examined material revealed that it perfectly matches the original description provided by BERNHAUER (1915). This species is highly distinctive also in external characters such as the coloration (especially of the antennae), the conspicuous punctation of the head, pronotum, and eytra, and the shape of the postero-median impression of the pronotum. Moreover, as can be inferred also from the observation that the examined material was exclusively collected with flight interception traps, the species is an active flyer.</p> <p>For illustrations of the habitus and the genitalia of this species see PACE (2008) and Figs 271–275, respectively. The figures of the median lobe of the aedeagus provided by PACE (2014) are somewhat misleading and possibly refer to a different species.</p> <p>Zyras montanus is currently known only from Borneo. It seems likely, however, that it is more widespread in the Oriental region. The above material represents the first records from Indonesia and Brunei.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BAFFE9E51A534087FB67B7F995	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, Volker	Assing, Volker (2017): On Zyras sensu strictu in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a focus on the faunas of the Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Sulawesi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (1): 117-192, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.67.1.117-192
03A787BAFFE9E51A50C683FB61AFF7B5.text	03A787BAFFE9E51A50C683FB61AFF7B5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zyras (Zyras) variolatus PACE 2003	<div><p>Zyras (Zyras) variolatus PACE, 2003</p> <p>(Figs 266–270)</p> <p>Zyras (Zyras) variolatus PACE, 2003: 68 f.</p> <p>Material examined: Malaysia: 1 ♂, Kelantan, Gua Musang, 3.VI.2006, leg. Ciampor (cAss).</p> <p>Comment: When describing Z. variolatus based on a unique male from “ Malaysia, Pahang, Jerau Water Falls” PACE (2003) compared this species with other Zyras species of various subgenera, but not of Zyras sensu strictu.</p> <p>A study of the above male revealed that it is highly similar to Z. montanus (see below) and distinguished from that species only by slightly smaller size, slightly more irregular punctation of the pronotum, slightly shorter elytra with less coarse and less dense punctation, and a smaller aedeagus (Figs 266–270); for illustrations of the paramere and the male tergite and sternite VIII see Figs 268–270. The specimen differs from the original description by having only antennomere XI (not antennomeres X–XI) yellow. A study of more material, including the holotype, is needed to clarify if the observed differences should be interpreted as intra- or interspecific variation.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BAFFE9E51A50C683FB61AFF7B5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, Volker	Assing, Volker (2017): On Zyras sensu strictu in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a focus on the faunas of the Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Sulawesi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (1): 117-192, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.67.1.117-192
03A787BAFFE9E51B5340817B62B5FC35.text	03A787BAFFE9E51B5340817B62B5FC35.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zyras (Zyras) bartolozzii PACE 2003	<div><p>Zyras (Zyras) bartolozzii PACE, 2003</p> <p>Zyras (Zyras) bartolozzii PACE, 2003: 68 f.</p> <p>Zyras (Zyras) alboterminalis PACE, 2008: 150; syn. n.</p> <p>Material examined: Borneo: 6 exs., Indonesia, Kalimantan Tengah, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.98333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.98333/lat -0.05)">Busang–Rekut</a> confluence, 0°03'S, 113°59'E, flight interception trap, VIII.2001, leg. Brendell &amp; Mendel (BMNH, cAss).</p> <p>Comment: Zyras bartolozzii was described from a unique male collected in “ Malaysia, Pahang, Genting Sempah” (PACE 2003). The original description of Z. alboterminalis is based on a male holotype and three paratypes (one male and two females) from Sabah (Borneo) (PACE 2008). According to the illustrations provided by PACE (2003, 2008), the – very distinctive! – median lobe of the aedeagus of the type material of both names is identical. Moreover, the descriptions do not mention any external differences suggesting that Z. bartolozzii and Z. alboterminalis should represent distinct species. Consequently, the junior name Z. alboterminalis is placed in synonymy with Z. bartolozzii.</p> <p>The coloration of the antennae, one of the (few) characters mentioned in the original descriptions in PACE (2003, 2008) as distinguishing this species from other species of Zyras sensu strictu, is rather variable: the coloration of antennomeres I–X ranges from yellowish-red to blackish-brown. Antennomere XI, however, appears to be constantly yellowish.</p> <p>Zyras bartolozzii is currently known from Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia, but most likely more widespread in the Oriental region. The above material represents the first record from Indonesia.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BAFFE9E51B5340817B62B5FC35	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, Volker	Assing, Volker (2017): On Zyras sensu strictu in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a focus on the faunas of the Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Sulawesi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (1): 117-192, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.67.1.117-192
03A787BAFFE8E518509884DB601AFD35.text	03A787BAFFE8E518509884DB601AFD35.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zyras (Zyras) matangensis Cameron 1943	<div><p>Zyras (Zyras) matangensis CAMERON, 1943</p> <p>(Figs 35, 73, 108, 229–230, 233)</p> <p>Type material examined: Holotype ♂: “ Mt. Matang, W. Sarawak. G.E. Bryant. 19.I.14, 2000 ft / G. 23 / Z. matangensis Cam. Type / Holotype / M. Cameron. Bequest. B.M. 1955-147 / Holotypus Zyras matangensis Cameron, rev. V. Assing 2017” (BMNH).</p> <p>Comment: The original description is based on a unique holotype from “W. Sarawak: Mt. Matang” (CAMERON 1943).</p> <p>Additional material examined: Borneo: 1 ♂, Malaysia, Sabah, Sandakan, S Lokan, logged forest, flight interception trap, III.1997, leg. Chung (BMNH); 1 ♀, Malaysia, Sabah, Sandakan, Sepilok, primary forest, flight interception trap, X.1996, leg. Chung (cAss).</p> <p>Redescription: Body length 5.2–7.5 mm; length of forebody 2.6–3.2 mm. Coloration (Figs 35, 73, 108): forebody reddish to castaneous-brown, elytra of uniform coloration or with the postero-lateral portions slightly paler; legs dark-yellowish; antennae reddish-brown to brown with the basal 2–3 antennomeres reddish and the apex of antennomere XI sometimes slightly paler brown; maxillary palpi reddish with the terminal palpomere yellowish.</p> <p>Head (Fig. 73) moderately transverse, broadly impunctate along middle; lateral dorsal portions with sparse to moderately dense coarse punctation. Eyes moderately large, as long as, or slightly longer than postocular region in dorsal view. Antenna (Fig. 35) 1.9–2.0 mm long; antennomeres IV approximately as long as broad or weakly transverse, V–X of gradually increasing width and increasingly transverse, X approximately twice as broad as long, and XI short and of conical shape, slightly shorter than the combined length of IX and X.</p> <p>Pronotum (Fig. 73) weakly transverse, 1.03–1.10 times as broad as long and 1.20–1.25 times as broad as head, broadest in anterior half, distinctly tapering posteriad; lateral margins straight or weakly sinuate in posterior two-thirds (dorsal view); punctation moderately coarse, moderately dense to dense, and slightly irregularly distributed, laterally with impunctate patches; midline broadly impunctate; lateral and anterior margins with numerous long and erect dark setae.</p> <p>Elytra (Fig. 73) approximately 0.75–0.80 times as long as pronotum; punctation fine, moderately sparse to dense; pubescence long, suberect, and pale; lateral margins with numerous stouter, dark and erect setae. Hind wings fully developed. Metatarsomere I slightly to distinctly shorter than the combined length of II–IV.</p> <p>Abdomen (Fig. 108) broad, nearly as broad as elytra, with moderately deep anterior impressions on tergites III–V, these impressions with or without sparse nonsetiferous punctures; tergites III–V with some lateral setiferous punctures on either side, with few scattered non-setiferous punctures on disc, and with 6–8 setiferous punctures at posterior margin, disc without micropunctation; tergite VI with a transverse band of rather coarse and dense non-setiferous punctures anteriorly, with scattered non-setiferous punctures on disc, and with some setiferous punctures laterally and at posterior margin; tergite VII with a transverse band of rather coarse and dense non-setiferous punctures situated in an anterior transverse impression, with scattered non-setiferous punctures on disc, and with two transverse series of setiferous punctures posteriorly, posterior margin with palisade fringe; tergite VIII with long dark setae in posterior third, posterior margin broadly and weakly concave.</p> <p>♂: posterior margin of sternite VIII (Fig. 233) with convex posterior margin; median lobe of aedeagus 0.70–0.75 mm long and shaped as in Figs 229–230; paramere 0.75– 0.85 mm long and with moderately short apical lobe.</p> <p>Intraspecific variation: The aedeagus of the non-type male is distinguished from that of the holotype by slightly larger size of the median lobe, a crista apicalis of slightly different shape, and somewhat larger parameres. In the non-type female, the non-setiferous punctation of tergite VI and VII is much finer and less extensive than in the two males examined. Since no additional evidence was found suggesting that the three specimens represent different species, and in view of the often pronounced variability of Zyras sensu strictu species, the observed differences are attributed to intraspecific variation.</p> <p>Comparative notes: In general appearance (coloration, size, habitus), Z. matangensis is similar to Z. hirtus, from which it is reliably distinguished only by the completely different shape of the aedeagus. In habitus, coloration, and other external characters, the species is also highly similar to Z. flavorufus CAMERON, 1939 from Java, from which it differs by darker coloration, a less transverse pronotum with less distinctly sinuate lateral margins, shorter antennae with more transverse antennomeres IV-X, shorter elytra, the punctation pattern of the abdomen (particularly much coarser and denser non-setiferous punctation on tergites VI and VII, and by the differently shaped and smaller median lobe of the adeagus.</p> <p>Distribution and natural history: At present, Z. matangensis is known from three localities in Sarawak and Sabah, Borneo. The additional material was collected with flight interception traps in a primary and a logged forest.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BAFFE8E518509884DB601AFD35	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, Volker	Assing, Volker (2017): On Zyras sensu strictu in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a focus on the faunas of the Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Sulawesi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (1): 117-192, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.67.1.117-192
03A787BAFFEBE518534083FB6785F976.text	03A787BAFFEBE518534083FB6785F976.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zyras (Zyras)	<div><p>Zyras (Zyras) spec. nov. 2</p> <p>Material examined: Nepal: 1 ♀, Dhaulagiri Himal, Kali Gandaki valley, Yak Kharka, above Marpha, 4100– 4600 m, 12–13.VII.1998, leg. Jäger (SMTD).</p> <p>Comment: The above female is characterized by moderate size (body length 5.3 mm; length of forebody 2.5 mm), dark coloration (body blackish with the posterior margins of the abdominal segments pale-brown; legs with blackish femora and brown tibiae; antennae blackish with antennomere XI dark-reddish), and particularly by fine and sparse punctation of the pronotum and elytra, a character combination distinguishing it from all other geographically close congeners.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BAFFEBE518534083FB6785F976	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, Volker	Assing, Volker (2017): On Zyras sensu strictu in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a focus on the faunas of the Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Sulawesi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (1): 117-192, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.67.1.117-192
03A787BAFFEBE5185340801B60E8F795.text	03A787BAFFEBE5185340801B60E8F795.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zyras (Zyras)	<div><p>Zyras (Zyras) spec. nov. 3</p> <p>Material examined: Thailand: 1 ♀, Satun Prov., Thale Ban N.P., 20 km E Satun, 200–400 m, 1.–4.I.1996, leg. Schulz &amp; Vock (cAss).</p> <p>Comment: The above female probably represents an undescribed species. It was collected in the same locality as Z. ambulans.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BAFFEBE5185340801B60E8F795	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, Volker	Assing, Volker (2017): On Zyras sensu strictu in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a focus on the faunas of the Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Sulawesi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (1): 117-192, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.67.1.117-192
03A787BAFFEBE5185340847B665AFB15.text	03A787BAFFEBE5185340847B665AFB15.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zyras (Zyras)	<div><p>Zyras (Zyras) spec. nov. 1</p> <p>Material examined: Nepal: 1 ♀, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=83.95&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.683332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 83.95/lat 28.683332)">Annapurna</a>, above Kangsar, 28°41'N, 83°57'E, 4300–4600 m, 11.V.2007, leg. Schmidt (NME).</p> <p>Comment: The above female significantly differs from all other described species recorded from the Himalaya. This, as well as the high altitude at which it was collected, suggests that it belongs to an undescribed species.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BAFFEBE5185340847B665AFB15	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, Volker	Assing, Volker (2017): On Zyras sensu strictu in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a focus on the faunas of the Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Sulawesi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (1): 117-192, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.67.1.117-192
03A787BAFFEBE51850C685DB60B3FC95.text	03A787BAFFEBE51850C685DB60B3FC95.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zyras (Zyras) parahirtus Assing 2017	<div><p>Zyras (Zyras) parahirtus spec. nov.</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: AF0B4E37-02D6-4618-A7C4-3D21FD8A5063</p> <p>(Figs 227–228, 231–232)</p> <p>Type material: Holotype ♂: “ INDONESIA: Borneo, Kalimantan Tengah, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.98333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.98333/lat -0.05)">Busang–Rekut</a> confl., 0°03'S, 113°59'E / Flight intercept FIT 9, Brendell - Mendel, August 2001 / Barito Ulu 2001´, BMNH(E), 2001-191 / Holotypus ♂ Zyras parahirtus sp. n., det. V. Assing 2016” (BMNH). Paratypes: 2 ♀♀: same data as holotype (except “ FIT 2” and “ FIT 7”, respectively) (BMNH, cAss).</p> <p>Etymology: The specific epithet (adjective) alludes to the external resemblance of this species to Z. hirtus.</p> <p>Description: Body length 6.5–7.5 mm; length of forebody 3.0– 3.2 mm. Coloration: forebody dark-reddish to darkbrown, with the elytra at least slightly paler; abdomen dark-reddish, with most of tergite VI somewhat infuscate; legs dark-yellowish; antennae brown to dark-brown with the basal two antennomeres reddish and antennomere XI slightly paler brown; maxillary palpi reddish with the terminal palpomere yellowish.</p> <p>Other external characters highly similar to those of Z. matangensis, except as follows:</p> <p>Antenna 2.2–2.3 mm long. Tergites III–V with a transverse row of 4–6 setiferous punctures across middle and with 6–10 setiferous punctures at posterior margins, tergite V additionally with a lateral cluster of setiferous punctures on either side; tergites VI and VII with a transverse band of dense and moderately coarse non-setiferous punctures anteriorly and with sparser non-setiferous punctation on remainder of surface; posterior margin of tergite VIII (Fig. 232) indistinctly concave in the middle.</p> <p>♂: posterior margin of sternite VIII broadly convex; median lobe of aedeagus (Figs 227–228) 0.9 mm long and robust; ventral process broadly triangular in ventral view; paramere (Fig. 231) approximately 1.0 mm long and with moderately long apical lobe.</p> <p>Comparative notes: This species is distinguished from the similar and geographically close Z. matangensis only by somewhat larger body size, darker coloration, a slightly different chaetotaxy of the abdomen, and particularly by an aedeagus with a larger median lobe, a ventral process of different shape (especially in lateral view), and a longer apical lobe of the paramere.</p> <p>Distribution and natural history: The type material was collected with flight interception traps in Kalimantan Tengah, Borneo (Indonesia).</p> <p>3.5 Unnamed species</p> <p>The examined material included females of several evidently undescribed species. Since males are often indispensible for a reliable identification of Zyras sensu strictu species, these species remain unnamed for the time being.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BAFFEBE51850C685DB60B3FC95	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, Volker	Assing, Volker (2017): On Zyras sensu strictu in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a focus on the faunas of the Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Sulawesi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (1): 117-192, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.67.1.117-192
03A787BAFFEAE519509884BB615CF795.text	03A787BAFFEAE519509884BB615CF795.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zyras (Zyras)	<div><p>Zyras (Zyras) spec. nov. 5</p> <p>Material examined: Borneo: 5 ♀♀, Indonesia, Kalimantan Tengah, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.98333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.98333/lat -0.05)">Busang–Rekut</a> confluence, 0°03'S, 113°59'E, flight interception trap, VIII.2001, leg. Brendell &amp; Mendel (BMNH, cAss).</p> <p>Comment: This probably undescribed species is characterized by rather large size, distinctive coloration (forebody uniformly brown; abdomen blackish with the posterior margins of segments III–VI broadly reddish; legs yellow; antennae blackish with the basal antennomeres reddish and the apical 3–4 antennomeres yellow), conspicuously coarse and dense punctation of the elytra, and a posteriorly distinctly concave female sternite VIII. In size, habitus, coloration, punctation, and other external characters, this species is similar to Z. granulipennis CAMERON, 1939 from Java, but distinguished by a more transverse pronotum with numerous long dark setae at the margins and by the punctation of the elytra (more regularly distributed, less dense near the scutellum). At present, it is unclear if these differences should be interpreted as inter- or intraspecific variation.</p> <p>3.6 The Zyras sensu strictu fauna of Sulawesi (Indonesia)</p> <p>Species of Zyras sensu strictu were previously unknown from Sulawesi. The material from this island in the collections of the BMNH is composed of seven species, four of which are described below. Zyras gratellus is redescribed in section 3.4. The remaining two species remain undescribed for want of males. All seven species were collected in the same locality, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=123.683334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.56666666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 123.683334/lat 0.56666666)">Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park</a> (0°34'N, 123°41'E) in Sulawesi Utara.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BAFFEAE519509884BB615CF795	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, Volker	Assing, Volker (2017): On Zyras sensu strictu in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a focus on the faunas of the Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Sulawesi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (1): 117-192, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.67.1.117-192
03A787BAFFEAE519509887FB626DFCD5.text	03A787BAFFEAE519509887FB626DFCD5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zyras (Zyras)	<div><p>Zyras (Zyras) spec. nov. 4</p> <p>Material examined: Thailand: 1 ♀, Tak province, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.466666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.8/lat 15.466666)">Umphang district</a>, Song Bae Stream, Thung Yai Wildlife Sanctuary, 15°28'N, 98°48'E, 300 m, evergreen rain forest, 18–27.IV.1988, leg. Brendell (BMNH).</p> <p>Comment: The above female probably represents an undescribed species. It is characterized by small body size (length of forebody 2.0 mm), the coloration (head black; pronotum reddish; elytra dark-yellowish with the postero-lateral portion very weakly and very diffusely infuscate; abdomen pale-reddish with most of tergites VI and VII infuscate; legs yellow; antennae pale-brown with the apical and basal antennomeres yellowish-red), very slender antennae (antennomeres IV–IX oblong), very dense, moderately coarse, and regularly distributed punctation of the pronotum (including midline) and the elytra, and the absence of non-setiferous punctation on tergites VI and VII.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BAFFEAE519509887FB626DFCD5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, Volker	Assing, Volker (2017): On Zyras sensu strictu in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a focus on the faunas of the Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Sulawesi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (1): 117-192, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.67.1.117-192
03A787BAFFEAE51E531A87FB61C8F895.text	03A787BAFFEAE51E531A87FB61C8F895.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zyras (Zyras) densissimus Assing 2017	<div><p>Zyras (Zyras) densissimus spec. nov.</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C82B20D3-1259-446E-B077-0D026B057901</p> <p>(Figs 36, 75, 111, 239–244, Map 10)</p> <p>Type material: Holotype ♂: “ INDONESIA: SULAWESI UTARA, Dumoga-Bone N.P., 24 Februar 1985. / Plot A, ca 200 m, Lowland forest / Flight interception trap 2 / R.Ent.Soc. Lond., Project Wallace, B.M. 1985-10 / 29.21 / Holotypus ♂ Zyras densissimus sp. n., det. V. Assing 2016” (BMNH). Paratypes: 1 ♂: same data as holotype (cAss) 1 ♂: same data as holotype, but “ May 1985.” (BMNH); 1 ♀: same data as holotype, but “ April 1985. / Malaise trap / ‘ Edwards Camp’, Lowland forest, 664 m, 26.IV–28.V ” (BMNH).</p> <p>Etymology: The specific epithet (adjective) is the superlative of the Latin adjective densus (dense). It alludes to the conspicuously dense and fine punctation of the forebody.</p> <p>Description: Small species; body length 4.0– 4.7 mm; length of forebody 1.9–2.1 mm. Coloration (Figs 36, 75, 111): forebody blackish-brown with the anterior and humeral portions, sometimes also the suture, of the elytra more or less extensively reddish-yellow; abdomen dark-brown to blackish-brown with parts or all of tergites II–V and parts of the paratergites reddish to dark-reddish; antennae dark-yellowish with antennomeres IV–VIII more or less distinctly and more or less extensively brown to blackish-brown; maxillary palpi dark-yellowish to pale-brown with the terminal palpomere pale-yellowish.</p> <p>Head (Fig. 75) distinctly transverse; punctation very dense and rather fine; along middle without punctation. Eyes large and bulging, more than twice as long as postocular region in dorsal view. Antenna (Fig. 36) very slender, approximately 2.0 mm long; antennomeres IV–V approximately twice as long as broad, V–X of gradually decreasing length and decreasingly oblong, IX weakly oblong, X weakly oblong or as long as broad, and XI as long as the combined length of IX and X.</p> <p>Pronotum (Fig. 75) weakly transverse, 1.05–1.08 times as broad as long and approximately 1.1 times as broad as head, broadest near anterior angles, moderately tapering posteriad; lateral margins straight in posterior two-thirds (dorsal view); punctation fine, regular, and conspicuously dense, also along midline; lateral margins without long setae.</p> <p>Elytra (Fig. 75) approximately 0.85 times as long as pronotum; punctation similar to that of pronotum; scutellum with very coarse and defined punctation. Hind wings fully developed. Metatarsomere I approximately as long as the combined length of II–IV.</p> <p>Abdomen (Fig. 111) narrower than elytra, with deep anterior impressions on tergites III–V; tergites III–V each with a transverse row of 6–8 defined, large and deep non-setiferous punctures in anterior impressions, with a lateral setiferous puncture on either side, but without setiferous punctures at posterior margin; tergite VI with few fine non-setiferous punctures anteriorly, with a lateral setiferous puncture on either side, without setiferous punctures at posterior margin; tergite VII with scattered fine non-setiferous punctures anteriorly and with two transverse rows of four setiferous punctures posteriorly, each composed of only four punctures, posterior margin with palisade fringe; tergite VIII (Fig. 243) with eight long setae at posterior margin, a few setae postero-laterally, and with fine pubescence in posterior half, posterior margin convex, without median concavity.</p> <p>♂: sternite VIII (Fig. 244) with fine and rather dense pubescence in posterior half, posterior margin weakly to distinctly convex; median lobe of aedeagus (Figs 239–241) 0.57–0.58 mm long, slender, and of very distinctive morphology; ventral process long and slender, with sinuate lateral margins in ventral view; paramere (Fig. 242) approximately as long as median lobe and with long and slender apical lobe.</p> <p>♀: posterior margin of sternite VIII weakly concave in the middle.</p> <p>Comparative notes: This highly distinctive species is readily identified and distinguished from its consubgeners by the characteristic punctation of the forebody, the punctation pattern of the abdomen (particularly the absence of setiferous punctures at the posterior margins of tergites III–VI, the large and deep punctures in the anterior impressions of tergites III–V, and the scattered fine non-setiferous punctures in the anterior portions of tergites VI and VII), and by the conspicuous shape of the aedeagus. In addition, it is characterized by small body size, long and slender antennae, the coloration of the antennae, and by the absence of long setae at the pronotal margins.</p> <p>As can be inferred from the similarly derived punctation of the forebody and the abdomen, as well as from the similarly slender antennae and habitus, Z. densissimus is closely allied to Z. bryanti CAMERON, 1943 (female holotype examined; male unknown) from Borneo, from which it differs by different coloration (Z. bryanti: pronotum pale-reddish; abdominal segments III-V and VIII reddish-yellow), even denser and finer punctation of the forebody, and a more convex (cross-section) and posteriorly more strongly tapering pronotum (cross-section).</p> <p>Distribution and natural history: The known distribution is confined to Nani Wartabone National Park in Sulawesi Utara, North Sulawesi (Map 10). The type specimens were collected with flight interception and Malaise traps in lowland forest at altitudes of 200– 660 m.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BAFFEAE51E531A87FB61C8F895	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, Volker	Assing, Volker (2017): On Zyras sensu strictu in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a focus on the faunas of the Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Sulawesi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (1): 117-192, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.67.1.117-192
03A787BAFFEDE51D50C6807B62C6FAB5.text	03A787BAFFEDE51D50C6807B62C6FAB5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zyras (Zyras) titan Assing 2017	<div><p>Zyras (Zyras) titan spec. nov.</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 04E2A49E-E856-490E-AAB3-333A8F481D98</p> <p>(Figs 41, 76, 113, 245–249)</p> <p>Type material: Holotype ♂: “ INDONESIA: SULAWESI UTARA, Dumoga-Bone N.P., 26 February 1985. / Plot A, ca 200 m, lowland forest / Flight interception trap 2 / R.Ent.Soc. Lond., Project Wallace, B.M. 1985-10 / 29.16 / Holotypus ♂ Zyras titan sp. n., det. V. Assing 2016” (BMNH). Paratypes: 1 ♂: same data as holotype, but “ 24 February 1985.” (cAss); 2 ♀♀: same data as holotype, but “ April 1985.” (BMNH).</p> <p>Etymology: The specific epithet (noun in apposition) alludes to the conspicuously large size of this species. Titans in Greek mythology are giants.</p> <p>Description: Very large species; body length 9.5–11.0 mm; length of forebody 4.0– 4.3 mm. Coloration (Figs 41, 76, 113): head and pronotum reddish to reddish-brown, pronotum sometimes with paler lateral margins; elytra pale-reddish, occasionally with the lateral margins slightly darker; abdomen with tergites II–VI dark-reddish to brown with the posterior margin broadly pale-reddish, tergites VII–VIII reddish; antennae brown to dark-brown with the basal three antennomeres palereddish and the apical 2–3 antennomeres dark-yellowish; maxillary palpi reddish.</p> <p>Head (Fig. 76) strongly transverse, extensively impunctate along middle; lateral dorsal portions with sparse and coarse punctation. Eyes large and bulging, more than twice as long as postocular region in dorsal view. Antenna (Fig. 41) 3.1–3.3 mm long; antennomeres IV weakly oblong, V weakly oblong or approximately as long as broad, VI approximately as broad as long or weakly transverse, VII–X of gradually increasing width and increasingly transverse, X approximately 1.5 times as broad as long, and XI as long as the combined length of VIII–X, or nearly so.</p> <p>Pronotum (Fig. 76) rather weakly transverse, 1.07– 1.09 times as broad as long and approximately 1.27 times as broad as head, broadest in anterior half; lateral margins straight in posterior two-thirds (dorsal view); punctation coarse, dense, and somewhat irregularly distributed; laterally with impunctate patches; midline moderately broadly impunctate; lateral margins each with approximately eight stout, long, and erect black setae; anterior and posterior margins, too, with stout, long, and erect black setae; pubescence of disc pale, fine, moderately long, and sub-erect.</p> <p>Elytra (Fig. 76) approximately 0.8 times as long as pronotum; punctation dense, near scutellum and anterior portion of suture very dense, asperate, and somewhat granulose. Hind wings fully developed. Metatarsomere I as long as, or longer than the combined length of II–IV.</p> <p>Abdomen (Fig. 113) narrower than elytra, with deep anterior impressions on tergites III–V; tergites III–V each with a transverse row of coarse non-setiferous punctures in anterior impressions, with a transverse row of usually four setiferous punctures across the middle, and with four to six setiferous punctures at posterior margins; tergite VI with a transverse band of coarse non-setiferous punctures anteriorly, with a transverse row of four setiferous punctures at posterior third, and with six setiferous punctures at posterior margin; tergite VII with a transverse band of coarse non-setiferous punctures anteriorly and with two transverse rows of setiferous punctures posteriorly, posterior margin with palisade fringe; tergite VIII (Fig. 248) with approximately 20 long black setae posteriorly, posterior margin truncate or weakly concave in the middle.</p> <p>♂: sternite VIII (Fig. 249) with numerous long black setae in posterior half, posterior margin convex; median lobe of aedeagus (Figs 245–246) approximately 1.2 mm long and of robust shape; ventral process basally with a pair of pronounced carinae; paramere (Fig. 247) as long as median lobe and with very small apical lobe with long setae.</p> <p>Comparative notes: This species is characterized by its conspicuously large size, coarse punctation, its coloration, the punctation pattern of the pronotum, and by the male sexual characters. It is distinguished from the similarly large Z. preangeranus by the coloration (Z. preangeranus: antennomeres I–VII blackish; head much darker than the pronotum; abdominal segments II–V reddish), much coarser punctation of the forebody, less slender antennomeres IV–X, a completely different punctation pattern of the abdomen, and by a more robust aedeagus with a ventral process of completely different shape. For illustrations of Z. preangeranus see ASSING (2016a) and Figs 276–277.</p> <p>Distribution and natural history: The type locality is identical to that of Z. densissimus. The type specimens were collected with flight interception traps in lowland forest at an altitude of 200 m.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BAFFEDE51D50C6807B62C6FAB5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, Volker	Assing, Volker (2017): On Zyras sensu strictu in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a focus on the faunas of the Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Sulawesi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (1): 117-192, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.67.1.117-192
03A787BAFFEEE5025098825B610EFDD5.text	03A787BAFFEEE5025098825B610EFDD5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zyras (Zyras) densihirtus Assing 2017	<div><p>Zyras (Zyras) densihirtus spec. nov.</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: E47C7587-9B06-4CD1-821D-6074284CA5BB</p> <p>(Figs 37, 77, 115, 250–254, Map 10)</p> <p>Type material: Holotype ♂: “ INDONESIA: SULAWESI UTARA, Dumoga-Bone N.P., November 1985. / Plot B, ca 300 m, lowland forest / Malaise trap 2 / R. Ent.Soc. Lond., Project Wallace, B.M. 1985-10 / 29.123 / Holotypus ♂ Zyras densihirtus sp. n., det. V. Assing 2016” (BMNH). Paratype ♂: same data as holotype, but “ May 1985. / Plot C, ca 400 m, Lowland forest / Flight interception trap ” (cAss).</p> <p>Etymology: The specific epithet (adjective) is composed of the Latin adjectives densus (dense) and hirtus (pubescent). It alludes to the dense punctation of the elytra and the hypothesized close relationship to Z. hirtus.</p> <p>Description: Body length 7.3–7.5 mm; length of forebody 3.1–3.3 mm. Coloration (Figs 37, 77, 115): forebody black; abdomen blackish with the posterior margins of the segments and the paratergites partly paler brown; legs pale-yellowish with the profemora slightly darker and the apices of the meso- and metafemora narrowly infuscate; antennae black with the apical two antennomeres paleyellow; maxillary palpi brown to dark-brown, with the terminal palpomere paler.</p> <p>Head (Fig. 77) moderately transverse, extensively impunctate along middle; lateral dorsal portions with rather dense and coarse punctation. Eyes large and bulging, much longer than postocular region in dorsal view. Antenna (Fig. 37) approximately 2.2 mm long; antennomeres IV weakly oblong, V approximately as long as broad, VI–X of gradually increasing width and increasingly transverse, X more than 1.5 times as broad as long, and XI of conical shape, shorter than the combined length of VIII–X, or nearly so.</p> <p>Pronotum (Fig. 77) weakly transverse, 1.03–1.05 times as broad as long and approximately 1.3 times as broad as head, broadest near anterior angles; lateral margins straight in posterior two-thirds (dorsal view); punctation coarse, dense, and regularly or slightly irregularly distributed, laterally with or without impunctate patch on either side; midline with or without narrowly impunctate band; lateral margins each with four long and erect black setae; anterior margin with one long and erect black seta on either side.</p> <p>Elytra (Fig. 77) approximately 0.8 times as long as pronotum; punctation rather coarse and very dense, denser anteriorly than posteriorly. Hind wings fully developed. Legs very slender; metatarsomere I as long as the combined length of II–IV, or nearly so.</p> <p>Abdomen (Fig. 115) narrower than elytra, with deep anterior impressions on tergites III–V; tergites III–V each with a transverse row of non-setiferous punctures in anterior impressions, those of tergite V dense, those of tergite IV less dense, and those of tergite III sparse; tergites III–V with a transverse row of four setiferous setae across middle and with 6–8 (tergites III–IV) or 8 setiferous setae (tergite V) at posterior margins; tergite VI with a transverse band of non-setiferous punctures anteriorly, with a transverse row of setiferous punctures across middle, and with approximately ten setiferous punctures at posterior margin; tergite VII with a broad transverse band of coarse non-setiferous punctures anteriorly and with two transverse rows of setiferous punctures posteriorly, posterior margin with palisade fringe; tergite VIII (Fig. 253) with numerous long and erect black setae in posterior third, posterior margin distinctly convex.</p> <p>♂: sternite VIII (Fig. 254) with numerous long black setae in posterior half, posterior margin strongly convex; median lobe of aedeagus (Figs 250–251) 0.8–0.9 mm long; ventral process subapically abruptly angled; paramere (Fig. 252) as long as median lobe and with very small and flattened apical lobe with long setae.</p> <p>Comparative notes: As can be inferred from the conical shape of antennomere XI, the shape of the ventral process of the aedeagus, and particularly by the short and flattened apical lobe of the paramere, Z. densihirtus is related to Z. hirtus and allied species. Among the species of this group, it is characterized particularly by the coloration, the dense and coarse punctation of the elytra, the punctation pattern of the abdomen, the rather sparse long setation of the forebody, and by the shape of the median lobe of the aedeagus.</p> <p>Distribution and natural history: The type locality is identical to that of Z. densissimus and Z. titan (Map 10). The specimens were collected with a Malaise trap and a flight interception trap in lowland forest at altitudes of approximately 300 and 400 m.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BAFFEEE5025098825B610EFDD5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, Volker	Assing, Volker (2017): On Zyras sensu strictu in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a focus on the faunas of the Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Sulawesi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (1): 117-192, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.67.1.117-192
03A787BAFFF1E502534082DB60AAF8F5.text	03A787BAFFF1E502534082DB60AAF8F5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zyras (Zyras)	<div><p>Zyras (Zyras) spec. nov. 1</p> <p>Material examined: Indonesia: 1 ♀, Sulawesi Utara, Dumoga-Bone N.P., 490 m, lowland forest, leaf litter, IX.1985 (BMNH).</p> <p>Comment: This probably undescribed species belongs to the Z. hirtus group and is characterized by dense and rather coarse punctation of the forebody and by darkbrown antennae with the apical three antennomeres pale-yellowish (body length: 5.8 mm; length of forebody 2.7 mm).</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BAFFF1E502534082DB60AAF8F5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, Volker	Assing, Volker (2017): On Zyras sensu strictu in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a focus on the faunas of the Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Sulawesi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (1): 117-192, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.67.1.117-192
03A787BAFFF1E50250C685BB6677FAF5.text	03A787BAFFF1E50250C685BB6677FAF5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zyras (Zyras) nigrihirtus Assing 2017	<div><p>Zyras (Zyras) nigrihirtus spec. nov.</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 4BCA38DF-D00B-4833-81D4-05557C34488E</p> <p>(Figs 38, 78, 116, 255–259, Map 10)</p> <p>Type material: Holotype ♂ [elytra missing]: “INDONESIA: SULAWESI UTARA, Dumoga-Bone N.P., Feb–April 1985. / Plot C, ca 400 m, Lowland forest / Pit fall trap / R.Ent.Soc. Lond., Project Wallace, B.M. 1985-10 / 29.123 / Holotypus ♂ Zyras nigrihirtus sp. n., det. V. Assing 2016” (BMNH).</p> <p>Etymology: The specific epithet (adjective) is composed of the Latin adjectives niger (black) and hirtus (pubescent). It alludes to the black coloration of the body and the hypothesized close relationship to Z. hirtus.</p> <p>Description: Body length 6.8 mm. Coloration (Figs 38, 78, 116): body black (note that the elytra of the holotype are missing); legs pale-yellowish; antennae with antennomeres I–II pale-brown, III–VII blackish-brown, and VIII–XI gradually becoming paler, XI yellowish-brown; maxillary palpi blackish-brown, with the terminal palpomere yellow.</p> <p>Head (Fig. 78) moderately transverse, extensively impunctate along middle; lateral dorsal portions with moderately dense and coarse punctation. Eyes large and bulging, much longer than postocular region in dorsal view. Antenna (Fig. 38) 1.9 mm long; antennomeres IV approximately as long as broad, VI–X of gradually increasing width and increasingly transverse, X approximately twice as broad as long, and XI of conical shape, approximately as long as the combined length of VIII–X. Pronotum (Fig. 78) rather weakly transverse, 1.08 times as broad as long and 1.3 times as broad as head, broadest in anterior half; lateral margins straight in posterior twothirds (dorsal view); punctation coarse, dense, and nearly regularly distributed; midline very narrowly impunctate; lateral margins each with seven long and erect black setae; anterior and posterior margins each with one long and erect black seta on either side.</p> <p>Hind wings fully developed. Legs very slender; metatarsomere I as long as the combined length of II–IV.</p> <p>Abdomen (Fig. 116) with moderately deep anterior impressions on tergites III–V; anterior impression of tergite III with a transverse row of sparse, anterior impressions of tergites IV–V with a transverse row of denser non-setiferous punctures; discs of tergites III–V with fine non-setiferous punctation on whole surface and with interspersed setiferous punctures; tergites VI–VII with an anterior transverse band of dense non-setiferous punctures, on remainder of disc with less dense nonsetiferous punctures everywhere and with interspersed setiferous punctures; posterior margin of tergite VII with palisade fringe.</p> <p>♂: tergite VIII (Fig. 258) with numerous long and erect black setae in posterior third, posterior margin convex, without median concavity; sternite VIII (Fig. 259) with numerous long black setae in posterior half, posterior margin strongly convex; median lobe of aedeagus (Figs 255–256) 0.9 mm long; ventral process of sub-triangular shape and apically acute in ventral view, at base with median carina (lateral view); paramere (Fig. 257) as long as median lobe and with very small and flattened apical lobe.</p> <p>Comparative notes: As can be inferred from the subconical shape of antennomere XI, the shape of the ventral process of the aedeagus, and particularly from the short and flattened apical lobe of the paramere, Z. nigrihirtus belongs to the Z. hirtus group. Among the species of this group, it is characterized particularly by the coloration, the dense and coarse punctation of the pronotum, the conspicuous punctation pattern of the abdomen, the rather sparse long setation of the forebody, and by the shape of the median lobe of the aedeagus.</p> <p>Distribution and natural history: The type locality (Map 10) is identical to that of Z. densissimus, Z. titan, and Z. densihirtus. The holotype was collected with a pitfall trap in lowland forest at an altitude of approximately 400 m.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BAFFF1E50250C685BB6677FAF5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, Volker	Assing, Volker (2017): On Zyras sensu strictu in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a focus on the faunas of the Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Sulawesi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (1): 117-192, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.67.1.117-192
03A787BAFFF1E5015340809B62A6FD81.text	03A787BAFFF1E5015340809B62A6FD81.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zyras (Zyras)	<div><p>Zyras (Zyras) spec. nov. 2</p> <p>Material examined: Indonesia: 1 ♀, Sulawesi Utara, Dumoga-Bone N.P., banks of Tumpha river, 200–300 m, lowland forest, leaf litter, II.1985 (BMNH).</p> <p>Comment: This clearly undescribed species is somewhat similar to Z. nigrihirtus especially in the coloration of the antennae), but smaller (body length 5.3 mm; length of forebody 2.5 mm) and characterized by extremely dense punctation of the pronotum (without impunctate median band) and the elytra.</p> <p>3.7 Species not included in, or excluded from, the subgenus Zyras</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BAFFF1E5015340809B62A6FD81	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, Volker	Assing, Volker (2017): On Zyras sensu strictu in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a focus on the faunas of the Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Sulawesi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (1): 117-192, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.67.1.117-192
03A787BAFFF2E5015098805B667CFE75.text	03A787BAFFF2E5015098805B667CFE75.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zyras (Cameronodonia) carinipennis CAMERON 1950	<div><p>Zyras (Cameronodonia) carinipennis CAMERON, 1950</p> <p>Zyras (Thoracodonia) carinipennis CAMERON, 1950: 128.</p> <p>Type material examined: Holotype ♀ [?; not dissected]: “Holotype / Malay Penin: Selangor, F.M.S., Kuala Lumpur, Jan. 12th, 1930, H.M. Pendlebury. / Z. (Thoracodonia) carinipennis Cam. Type / M. Cameron. Bequest., B.M. 1955-147.” (BMNH).</p> <p>Comment: The original description is based on the holotype (“ Type in my collection”) from “ Kuala Lumpur ” (CAMERON 1950). An examination of this specimen confirmed that it does not belong to Zyras sensu strictu.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BAFFF2E5015098805B667CFE75	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, Volker	Assing, Volker (2017): On Zyras sensu strictu in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a focus on the faunas of the Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Sulawesi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (1): 117-192, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.67.1.117-192
03A787BAFFF2E5015098827B62F3F8B5.text	03A787BAFFF2E5015098827B62F3F8B5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zyras (Termidonia) distinguendus CAMERON 1950	<div><p>Zyras (Termidonia) distinguendus CAMERON, 1950</p> <p>Zyras (Rhynchodonia) distinguendus CAMERON, 1950: 127.</p> <p>Type material examined: Holotype ♂ [?; not dissected]: “Holotype / Wood (rotten) / Raub, Pahang, F.M.S., Dr. Cameron / Z. distinguendus Cam. Type / M. Cameron. Bequest., B.M. 1955-147.” (BMNH).</p> <p>Comment: The original description is based on specimen (“ Type in my collection”) from “Raub” (CAMERON 1950). An examination of this specimen confirmed that it does not belong to Zyras sensu strictu.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BAFFF2E5015098827B62F3F8B5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, Volker	Assing, Volker (2017): On Zyras sensu strictu in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a focus on the faunas of the Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Sulawesi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (1): 117-192, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.67.1.117-192
03A787BAFFF2E5015098855B61E0FA95.text	03A787BAFFF2E5015098855B61E0FA95.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zyras (Termidonia) rufithorax CAMERON 1930	<div><p>Zyras (Termidonia) rufithorax CAMERON, 1930</p> <p>Zyras rufithorax CAMERON, 1930: 158 f.</p> <p>Type material examined: Syntype ♂: “Syntype / Catchment Area, 8–10th-April, 1928 / Malay Penin., Kedah, Nr. Jitra, / Zyras rufithorax Cam. Type / M. Cameron. Bequest., B.M. 1955-147. / Zyras rufithorax Cam., det. R. Pace 1984, Lectotype” (BMNH).</p> <p>Additional material examined: China: 1 ex., Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, 23 km NW Jinghong, <a href="http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.666664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.15" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.666664/lat 22.15)">Na Ban</a> env., 22°09'N, 100°40'E, 730 m, Malaise trap, 28.VI.2008, leg. Weigel (NME).</p> <p>Comment: The original description is based on an unspecified number of type specimens from “Malay Peninsula. Kedah; Catchment Area, near Jitra. Patalung (Peninsular Siam)” (CAMERON 1930). Pace attached a lectotype label to the sole syntype in the Cameron collection, but the designation has apparently not been published. An examination of this specimen confirmed that Z. rufithorax does not belong to Zyras sensu strictu.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BAFFF2E5015098855B61E0FA95	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, Volker	Assing, Volker (2017): On Zyras sensu strictu in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a focus on the faunas of the Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Sulawesi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (1): 117-192, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.67.1.117-192
03A787BAFFF2E506531A851B61DDFCD5.text	03A787BAFFF2E506531A851B61DDFCD5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zyras coloratus CAMERON 1939	<div><p>Zyras (incertae sedis) coloratus CAMERON, 1939</p> <p>Zyras (Pella?) coloratus CAMERON, 1939a: 545 f.</p> <p>Type material examined: Syntypes: 1 ♀: “Dehra Dun, Dr. M. Cameron, 8-8-1921 / at light [overleaf] / Z. coloratus Cam Type / M. Cameron. Bequest. B.M. 1955-147 / Syntype / Syntype Zyras (Pella ?) coloratus Cameron, 1939, Det. Maruyama 2002 / 3-A” (BMNH); 1 ♀: same data, but “9-9.1922” (BMNH).</p> <p>Comment: The original description is based on an unspecified number of syntypes from “Dehra Dun” (CAMERON 1939a). Two syntypes, both of them females, were found in the Cameron collection at the BMNH. While CAMERON (1939a) tentatively assigned the species to Pella STEPHENS, 1835, HLAVÁČ et al. (2011) list it as Zyras s. str. An examination of the type specimens revealed that they significantly differ in so many respects (habitus, morphology of antennae, punctation pattern, absence of non-setiferous punctation, short legs, etc.) from Zyras s. str. that they are treated as incertae sedis here.</p> <p>Redescription: Body subparallel and somewhat depressed, in habitus and punctation somewhat resembling a species of Tomoglossa KRAATZ, 1856. Body length 4.5–4.7 mm; length of forebody 1.7–2.0 mm. Coloration: head reddish-brown to brown; pronotum reddish-yellow; elytra pale-reddish, noticeably darker than pronotum; abdomen: tergites II–V uniformly palereddish or weakly infuscate in the middle, VI–VIII brown; legs pale-yellowish; antennae pale reddishbrown; maxillary palpi yellowish, with palpomere III slightly darker.</p> <p>Head distinctly transverse; punctation coarse and dense, somewhat sparser in median portion. Eyes much longer than postocular region in dorsal view. Antenna short and strongly incrassate apically, 1.2 mm long; antennomeres IV–X disc-shaped, approximately three times as broad as long, XI large and longer than the combined length of IX and X.</p> <p>Pronotum approximately 1.3 times as broad as long and approximately 1.2 times as broad as head; punctation coarse and very dense.</p> <p>Elytra approximately 0.9 times as long as pronotum; punctation similar to that of pronotum. Hind wings fully developed. Metatarsomere I approximately as long as the combined length of II and III.</p> <p>Abdomen approximately as broad as elytra, not distinctly tapering posteriad, segments III–VII of subequal width; non-setiferous punctation absent; tergites III–V with very shallow anterior impressions, very sparsely and finely punctate in anterior half and less finely and less sparsely punctate in posterior half; tergites VI–VII sparsely and very finely punctate anteriorly and less finely punctate and more densely punctate in posterior portion; tergite VIII with more distinct and denser punctation than tergites III–VII; posterior margin of tergite VII with palisade fringe.</p> <p>♂: unknown.</p> <p>Comparative notes: In body shape, Z. coloratus is somewhat similar to Z. angkoricola (see below), from which Z. coloratus is readily distinguished by much coarser and denser punctation of the forebody alone.</p> <p>Distribution: This species is currently known only from its type locality in Himachal Pradesh, North India.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BAFFF2E506531A851B61DDFCD5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, Volker	Assing, Volker (2017): On Zyras sensu strictu in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a focus on the faunas of the Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Sulawesi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (1): 117-192, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.67.1.117-192
03A787BAFFF5E506534087FB6637FB95.text	03A787BAFFF5E506534087FB6637FB95.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zyras angkoricola Assing 2017	<div><p>Zyras (incertae sedis) angkoricola PACE, 2004</p> <p>Zyras (Zyras) angkoricola PACE, 2004: 292.</p> <p>Type material examined: Holotype ♀: “Coll. I.R.Sc.N.B., CAMBODIA (Angkor), Preah-Kahn Temple, 31.V.2003 Light trap, Leg. J. Constant &amp; K. Smets / Holotypus Zyras angkoricola n. sp., det. R. Pace 2004 / Zyras angkoricola n. sp., det. R. Pace 2004 ” (IRSNB). Paratype ♂ [aedeagus missing]: same data as holotype (IRSNB).</p> <p>Comment: The original description is based on a female holotype and a male paratype (PACE 2004). An examination of these specimens revealed that the aedeagus of the male is missing and only the distal portion of the spermatheca of the holotype is present. The subgeneric assignment of this species appears to be erroneous. The species lacks typical and probably synapomorphic characters constituting the monophyly of Zyras sensu strictu such as the chaetotaxy and punctation pattern of the abdomen (including segment VIII) and is additionally distinguished from other previously examined species of the subgenus by completely different habitus, head shape, slender and parallel abdomen, antennal morphology, etc. Until its status is clarified, Z. angkoricola is therefore treated as Zyras incertae sedis.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BAFFF5E506534087FB6637FB95	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, Volker	Assing, Volker (2017): On Zyras sensu strictu in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a focus on the faunas of the Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Sulawesi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (1): 117-192, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.67.1.117-192
03A787BAFFF5E5705340837B61D3FA35.text	03A787BAFFF5E5705340837B61D3FA35.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zyras fustigans Assing 2017	<div><p>Zyras (incertae sedis) fustigans PACE, 2000</p> <p>Zyras (Zyras) fustigans PACE, 2000: 77.</p> <p>Material examined: Thailand: 1 ♂ [teneral], Mae Hong Son, Ban Huai Po, 1600–2000 m, 9.–16.V.1991, leg. Horák (NMP).</p> <p>Comment: The original description is based on a unique teneral male from “ Thailand, Ban Sai Yok, River Kwae” (PACE 2000). The specimen is deposited in the currently inaccessible collections of the natural history museum in Torino. However, the morphological details and the illustrations provided by PACE (2000), particularly the conspicuous median keel on tergite VII, leave no doubt that the above non-type male is conspecific with the holotype.</p> <p>Though sharing some first-glance similarities (habitus, coloration), Z. fustigans differs in numerous and significant respects from the subgenus Zyras, e.g., the morphology of the antennae (antennomeres IV–X strongly transverse and strongly flattened), elongate maxillary palpi, strongly flattened and dilated femora and tarsi of the mid- and hindlegs, the punctation pattern of the abdomen (without non-setiferous punctation), the modifications of the male tergites V (with pronounced antero-median tubercle) and VII (with pronounced median keel, a conspicuously broad male sternite IX, the morphology of the median lobe of the aedeagus (with pronounced long dorso-apical structures), and strongly modified parameres. In fact, the morphology of the aedeagus somewhat resembles that of the subgenus Termidonia MOTSCHULSKY, 1860.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BAFFF5E5705340837B61D3FA35	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, Volker	Assing, Volker (2017): On Zyras sensu strictu in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a focus on the faunas of the Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Sulawesi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (1): 117-192, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.67.1.117-192
03A787BAFFF5E50650C684BB620DF795.text	03A787BAFFF5E50650C684BB620DF795.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zyras rufescens CAMERON 1939	<div><p>Zyras (incertae sedis) rufescens CAMERON, 1939</p> <p>Zyras (Zyras) rufescens CAMERON, 1939a: 534.</p> <p>Type material examined: Holotype ♂: “ Ceylon / Ceylon / Z. rufescens Cam. Type / Sharp Coll., 1905-313 / Holotype / Holotype Zyras rufescens Cam., det. R.G. Booth 2016” (BMNH).</p> <p>Comment: The original description is based on a unique specimen from “ Ceylon ” (CAMERON 1939a). This species differs in numerous respects from all the revised representatives of the subgenus Zyras, i.e., the shape of the head (somewhat resembling that of the genus Orphnebius MOTSCHULSKY, 1858), the practically impunctate dorsal surface of the head, the shape of the pronotum (strongly transverse and of transversely quadrangular shape), the presence of conspicuously long setae on the antennae, very finely and sparsely punctate elytra, the complete absence of non-setiferous punctation on the abdomen, the presence of twelve setiferous punctures at the posterior margin of tergite VI (only few setiferous puntures present at the posterior margins of the other tergites), the absence of distinct anterior impressions on tergites III–V, the presence of numerous long black setae in the posterior two-thirds of sternite VIII, the shape and internal structures of the median lobe of the aedeagus (somewhat resembling those of Orphnebius), and by the completely different morphology of the paramere. In consequence, Z. rufescens is excluded from the subgenus Zyras and treated as Zyras incertae sedis. Based on the illustrations provided by PACE (2011), it seems possible that this species is congeneric with Oriyadota orissaensis PACE, 2011.</p> <p>Distribution: The known distribution is confined to Sri Lanka.</p></div> 	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BAFFF5E50650C684BB620DF795	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, Volker	Assing, Volker (2017): On Zyras sensu strictu in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a focus on the faunas of the Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Sulawesi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (1): 117-192, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.67.1.117-192
03A787BAFF83E5715340817B6119FA55.text	03A787BAFF83E5715340817B6119FA55.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zyras ferrugineus CAMERON 1939	<div><p>Zyras? ferrugineus CAMERON, 1939</p> <p>Zyras (Zyras) ferrugineus CAMERON, 1939a: 541.</p> <p>Type material examined: Holotype ♀? [in poor condition; right elytron missing]: “Holotype / 64521 / Doberty / Birmah, RubyMes’’ / Fry Coll. 1905.100. / Z. ferrugineus Cam. Type / Holotype Zyras ferrugineus Cam., det. R.G. Booth 2016” (BMNH).</p> <p>Comment: The original description is based on a unique male from “ Burma: Ruby Mines” (CAMERON 1939a). Cameron´s original subgeneric assignment was adopted also by HLAVÁČ et al. (2011). An examination of the holotype, however, revealed that the specimen certainly does not belong to Zyras sensu strictu. In fact, based on external characters (antennal morphology, conspicuously slender maxillary palpi, punctation of the abdomen), the generic assignment is doubtful, too.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BAFF83E5715340817B6119FA55	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, Volker	Assing, Volker (2017): On Zyras sensu strictu in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a focus on the faunas of the Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Sulawesi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (1): 117-192, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.67.1.117-192
03A787BAFF83E5705340823B60F0F995.text	03A787BAFF83E5705340823B60F0F995.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zyras gibbus Assing 2017	<div><p>Zyras (incertae sedis) gibbus PACE, 1910</p> <p>Zyras (Zyras) gibbus PACE, 2010a: 26.</p> <p>Comment: This species was revised, redescribed, and illustrated by ASSING (2016a, b). It is closely allied to Z. trapeziceps and consequently excluded from Zyras sensu strictu, too.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BAFF83E5705340823B60F0F995	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, Volker	Assing, Volker (2017): On Zyras sensu strictu in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a focus on the faunas of the Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Sulawesi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (1): 117-192, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.67.1.117-192
03A787BAFF83E57050C682DB6237F855.text	03A787BAFF83E57050C682DB6237F855.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zyras trapeziceps Assing 2017	<div><p>Zyras (incertae sedis) trapeziceps DVOŘÁK, 1996</p> <p>Zyras (Pella) trapeziceps DVOŘAK, 1996: 5 f.</p> <p>Comment: The teneral holotype of Z. trapeziceps was studied and illustrated by ASSING (2015), who tentatively attributed the species to the subgenus Zyras. However, after examination of numerous additional species of Zyras sensu strictu, it is regarded as Zyras incertae sedis owing to significant differences distinguishing it from the representatives of the nominal subgenus, in particular conspicuously elongate maxillae (including the palpi), a conspicuously trapeziform head, a weakly convex pronotum (cross-section), microreticulate elytra with very fine and dense punctation, and a densely punctate abdomen without non-setiferous punctation.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BAFF83E57050C682DB6237F855	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, Volker	Assing, Volker (2017): On Zyras sensu strictu in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a focus on the faunas of the Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Sulawesi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (1): 117-192, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.67.1.117-192
03A787BAFF82E5715098813B6714F9B5.text	03A787BAFF82E5715098813B6714F9B5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Drusilla unicolor (CAMERON 1950) LEACH 1819	<div><p>Drusilla? unicolor (CAMERON, 1950), comb. nov:</p> <p>Zyras unicolor CAMERON, 1950: 126.</p> <p>Type material examined: Holotype ♂ [teneral; in poor condition]: “Holotype / Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, January 1931., H.M. Pendlebury / A. unicolor Cam. Type / M. Cameron. Bequest, B.M. 1955-147.” (BMNH).</p> <p>Comment: In the original description, which is based on a unique male from “ Kuala Lumpur ”, CAMERON (1950) stated that this was a “somewhat anomalous species” somewhat resembling “ Astilbus ” (now a junior synonym of Drusilla), but with “the neck much broader”. As can be inferred from his identification label attached to the holotype, he had originally planned to assign the species to Astilbus, but eventually decided to describe it in Zyras. The external characters suggest that the holotype belongs to Drusilla rather than to Zyras. Since the specimen is teneral and in generally poor condition, it was not dissected. Mature specimens are presumably of significantly darker coloration.</p> </div>	http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A787BAFF82E5715098813B6714F9B5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Assing, Volker	Assing, Volker (2017): On Zyras sensu strictu in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions, with a focus on the faunas of the Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Sulawesi (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Lomechusini). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (1): 117-192, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.67.1.117-192
