identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
255E7B23FFC0FFCACC248F17672CF99D.text	255E7B23FFC0FFCACC248F17672CF99D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Russula boddingii Hembrom, D. Chakr., A. Ghosh & K. Das 2023	<div><p>Russula boddingii Hembrom, D.Chakr., A.Ghosh &amp; K.Das, sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 4-6)</p> <p>Russula boddingii Hembrom, D.Chakr., A.Ghosh &amp; K.Das, sp. nov. is mainly separated from R. densifolia Secr. ex Gillet by a combination of medium to large-sized (30-160 mm) pileus, a more intense blackening of the flesh after cutting or bruising, the unequal, the absence of pileocystidia, the stronger reticulation of the spore ornamentation, the more slender hyphal endings (2-6 µm wide) in the pileipellis and its occurrence under dipterocarps in Asia.</p> <p>HOLOTYPE. — India. West Bengal, Jhargram district, Lalgarh, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.09034&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.570251" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.09034/lat 22.570251)">Karamsol</a>, 22°34’12.9”N, 87°05’25.2”E, alt. 73 m a.s.l., on ground, under Shorea robusta in tropical deciduous forests, 1.VII.2018, M.E. Hembrom, MEH-18-01 (holo-, CAL [CAL 1860]!).</p> <p>ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — India. Jharkhand, Rajmahal hills, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-87.522865&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.12536" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -87.522865/lat 25.12536)">Sahibganj</a> district, Mandro block, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-87.522865&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.12536" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -87.522865/lat 25.12536)">Mandro Fossil Park</a>, 25°07’31.3”N, 87°31’22.3”E, alt. 142 m a.s.l., on ground, under Shorea robusta in tropical deciduous forests, 20.VIII.2013, M.E. Hembrom, MEH-13-03; Sahibganj district, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.67552&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.161583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.67552/lat 25.161583)">Borio</a> block, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.67552&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.161583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.67552/lat 25.161583)">Pir-Baba Kairasol</a> forest area, 25°09’41.7”N, 87°40’31.9”E, alt. 126 m a.s.l., on ground, under S. robusta in tropical deciduous forests, 24.VIII.2013, M.E. Hembrom, MEH-13-27; Rajmahal hills, Godda district, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.4705&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.02861" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.4705/lat 25.02861)">Boarijore</a> block, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.4705&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.02861" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.4705/lat 25.02861)">Mangra Dahar-Langi</a> and surroundings, 25°01’43.0”N, 87°28’13.8”E, alt. 136 m a.s.l., on ground, under S. robusta in tropical deciduous forests, 01.IX.2013, M.E. Hembrom, MEH-13-31; Rajmahal hills, Pakur district, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.67922&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.61739" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.67922/lat 24.61739)">Hiranpur</a> block, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.67922&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.61739" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.67922/lat 24.61739)">Talpahari to Tugutola</a> forest area, 24°37’02.6”N, 87°40’45.2”E, alt. 94 m. a.s.l., on ground, under S. robusta in tropical deciduous forests, 22.VIII.2014, M.E. Hembrom, MEH-14-28; Pakur district, Litipara block, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.58439&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.74564" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.58439/lat 24.74564)">Sathiya to Sathiyapahar</a> forest area, 24°44’44.3”N, 87°35’03.8”E, alt. 225 m a.s.l., on ground, under S. robusta in tropical deciduous forests, 02.IX.2014, M.E. Hembrom, MEH-14-33; Rajmahal hills, Dumka district, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.487305&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.317835" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.487305/lat 24.317835)">Kathikund</a> block, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.487305&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.317835" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.487305/lat 24.317835)">Kanhaidih</a> reserve forest, 24°19’04.2”N, 87°29’14.3”E, alt. 132 m a.s.l., 18.IX.2015, on ground, under Shorea robusta in tropical deciduous forests, M.E. Hembrom, MEH-15-09; Dumka district, Sikaripara block, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.5045&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.221945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.5045/lat 24.221945)">Karakata</a> forest area, 24°13’19.0”N, 87°30’16.2”E, alt. 241 m a.s.l., on ground, under S. robusta in tropical deciduous forests, 23.X.2015, M.E. Hembrom, MEH-15-17; Sahibganj district, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.71731&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.150805" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.71731/lat 25.150805)">Taljhari</a> block, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.71731&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.150805" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.71731/lat 25.150805)">Karanpurato</a> village forest toward <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.71731&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.150805" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.71731/lat 25.150805)">Gogi</a>, 25°09’02.9”N, 87°43’02.3”E, alt. 61 m a.s.l., on ground, under S. robusta in tropical deciduous forests, 06.XI.2016, M.E. Hembrom, MEH-16-21; Sahibganj district, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.65994&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.039917" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.65994/lat 25.039917)">Borio</a> block, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.65994&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.039917" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.65994/lat 25.039917)">Dhogada-Paharia</a> burial ground forest, 25°02’23.7”N, 87°39’35.8”E, alt. 110 m a.s.l., on ground, under S. robusta in tropical deciduous forests, 08.XI.2016, M.E. Hembrom, MEH-16-32 (CAL [CAL 1861]); Rajmahal hills, Sahibganj district, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.65994&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.039917" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.65994/lat 25.039917)">Borio</a> block, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.65994&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.039917" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.65994/lat 25.039917)">Dhogada-Paharia</a> burial ground forest, 25°02’23.7”N, 87°39’35.8”E, alt. 110 m a.s.l., on ground, under S. robusta in tropical deciduous forests, 15.XI.2020, M.E. Hembrom, MEH-20-10; Rajmahal hills, Pakur district, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.67922&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.61739" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.67922/lat 24.61739)">Hiranpur</a> block, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.67922&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.61739" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.67922/lat 24.61739)">Talpahari to Tugutola</a> forest area 24°37’02.6”N, 87°40’45.2”E, alt. 94 m a.s.l., on ground, under S. robusta in tropical deciduous forests, 26.VIII.2021, A. Ghosh, AG 21- 08 (JH); Ranchi district, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=85.55662&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.476807" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 85.55662/lat 23.476807)">Getalsud</a>, 23°28’36.5”N, 85°33’23.8”E, alt. 570 m a.s.l., on ground, under S. robusta in tropical deciduous forests, 09.X.2021, M.E. Hembrom, MEH-21-25; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=84.21828&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.337334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 84.21828/lat 27.337334)">Bihar</a>, West Champaran district, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=84.21828&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.337334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 84.21828/lat 27.337334)">Valmiki national Park</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=84.21828&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.337334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 84.21828/lat 27.337334)">Raghia</a> range, Sitalbari enclosure, 27°20’14.4”N, 84°13’05.8”E, alt. 133 m a.s.l., on ground, under S. robusta in tropical deciduous forests, 15.IX.2020, M.E. Hembrom, MEH-20-104; West <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.25437&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.03139" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.25437/lat 23.03139)">Bengal</a>, Bankura district, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.25437&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.03139" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.25437/lat 23.03139)">Joypur</a> forest, 23°01’53.00”N, 87°15’15.73”E, alt. 73 m a.s.l., on ground, under S. robusta in tropical deciduous forests, 08.VII.2020, A. Ghosh, AG 20-004; Paschim Medinipur district, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.03333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.350279" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.03333/lat 22.350279)">Chandra</a>, 22°21’01”N, 87°02’00”E, alt. 90 m a.s.l., on ground, under S. robusta in tropical deciduous forests, 12.VIII.2020, D. Chakraborty, NPDF917 - 17L; Uttar Dinajpur, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.34331&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.34331/lat 25.3)">Kaliyaganj</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.34331&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.34331/lat 25.3)">Dhamja</a>, 25°18’00”N, 88°20’35.9”E, alt. 80 m a.s.l., on ground, under S. robusta in tropical deciduous forests, 07.IX.2020, D. Chakraborty, RGJ-20-08; Uttar Dinajpur, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.04417&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.32889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.04417/lat 22.32889)">Kaliyaganj</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.04417&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.32889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.04417/lat 22.32889)">Dhamja</a>, 22°19’44”N, 87°02’39”E, alt. 80 m a.s.l., on ground, under S. robusta in tropical deciduous forests, 13.VIII.2021, A. Ghosh, AG 21-074; Uttar Dinajpur, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.34309&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.34309/lat 25.3)">Kaliyaganj</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.34309&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.34309/lat 25.3)">Dhamja</a>, 25°18’00”N, 88°20’35.09”E, alt. 80 m a.s.l., on ground, under S. robusta in tropical deciduous forests, 10.X.2021, D. Chakraborty, RGJ-21-05.</p> <p>GENBANK. —OL469097 (nrITS, holotype) andOL469118 (nrITS, specimen voucher no. MEH-16-32); ON365924 (nrLSU, holotype), ON365926 (nrLSU, specimen voucher no. MEH-16-32); ON387513 (mtSSU, holotype), ON387510 (mtSSU, specimen voucher no. MEH-16-32); ON418909 (rpb 2, holotype),ON418910 (rpb 2, specimen voucher no. MEH-16-32).</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. — Commemorating Reverend Paul Olaf Bodding, a Norwegian missionary, linguist, folklorist and ethnobotanist who undertook pioneer work on the macrofungi of Rajmahal Hills.</p> <p>MYCOBANK. — MB 844205.</p> <p>FACESOFFUNGI NUMBER. — FoF 11436.</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p>Pileus medium-sized to large, 30-160 mm in diam., convex when young, becoming planoconvex to applanate, centrally depressed to umbilicate at maturity; margin smooth, entire when young becoming decurved to plane, sometimes uplifted with age; cuticle smooth, viscid and shiny when wet, dull upon drying, peeling to 1/4 of the radius, greyish white (1B2) to grey (2-5B2) with yellowish white (3A2) tinges. Pileus context firm and up to 9 mm thick at the disc centre, becoming narrower towards margin, chalky white (1-2A1), changing first orange red (8A8) or brownish red (8C6-7), then blackish when cut or bruised; turning dull green (27D3-4) with FeSO 4, and deep to dark turquoise (24E-F7-8) in guaiacol. Lamellae unequal, of different lengths, narrow, up to 5 mm deep, sub-decurrent to decurrent, crowded (15-22/cm at pileus margin), chalky white (1-2A1) to yellowish white (3A2), forked at different distances from the stipe; edges entire and concolorous. Stipe 25-57 × 9-23 mm, cylindrical, subclavate to clavate, central, firm and fleshy; surface dry, smooth, chalky white (1-2A1) to greyish white (1B2); turning dull green (27D3-4) with FeSO 4 and deep to dark turquoise (24E-F7-8) in guaiacol. Stipe context solid, chalky white (1-2A1), changing first orange red (8A8) or brownish red (8C6-7), then blackish when cut or bruised; turning dull green (27D3-4) with FeSO 4 and deep to dark turquoise (24E-F7-8) in guaiacol. Odour insignificant. Taste mild. Spore print not obtained.</p> <p>Basidiospores globose, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, (5.8-)6.2-6.7-7.2(-7.8)×(5.5-)5.6-6.0-6.5(-7) µm, Q=(1-)1.07- 1.12-1.16(-1.20); ornamentation composed of relatively dense, obtuse-rounded, conical amyloid warts (up to 0.8 µm high), connected by thick ridges forming an almost complete network; suprahilar spot inamyloid; apiculi up to 1.2 µm long. Basidia (28-)34.5-40-45(-48)× 8-9-10(-11) µm, 4-spored, narrowly clavate to clavate, sterigmata up to 8 µm long; basidiola cylindrical to clavate. Hymenial gloeocystidia on the lamellae sides (22-)33.5-54.5-75.5(-112)×(4-)5-7.5-9.5(-10) µm, emergent up to 14 µm above the other elements of the hymenium, near the lamellae edges usually smaller and narrower, 31-43-55 (-65)×3-5-6(-7) µm, cylindrical to clavate with capitate to moniliform apex; contents completely or partly filled with brown refractive bodies, not reacting in sulfovanillin. Marginal cells absent. Subhymenium layer up to 20 µm thick, pseudoparenchymatous. Hymenophoral trama mainly composed of large nests of sphaerocytes and intermixed with hyphal elements. Pileipellis orthochromatic in Cresyl Blue, sharply delimited from the underlying context, 300-380 µm thick, two-layered; suprapellis 140-200 µm thick, composed of narrow, ascending hyphal terminations; subpellis 160-180 µm deep, composed of more or less dense, horizontally oriented hyphae. Acid-resistant incrustations absent.Hyphal terminations near the pileus margin long, flexuous, densely septate, scarcely branched at the bases, sometimes with lateral branches, thin-walled, partly filled with irregular refractive bodies containing brown pigments; terminal cells (39-)44-58-72(-90)×(3-)4-4.5-5.5(-6) µm, narrowly cylindrical to subulate, apically obtuse-rounded or acute; subterminal cells and the cells below often gradually wider, usually shorter. Hyphal terminations near the pileus centre apically more attenuated; the terminal cells slightly shorter and less wide, measuring (26-)34.5-50-65(-85)×(2-)3-3.5-4.5(-5) µm. Pileocystidia absent.Clamp connections absent from all tissues.</p> <p>NOTES</p> <p>In its most recent interpretation, Russula subg. Compactae (Fr.) Bon, emend. Buyck &amp; V. Hofst. (Hongsanan et al. 2015) includes species that produce more or less thick-fleshed, very small to large basidiomata with dull to dingy white, brown, grey to black pileus, regularly unequal, polydymous lamellae, a mild to very acrid context that is reddening, greying, blackening, rarely browning and often with unpleasant smell, white spore print and spores with inamyloid suprahilar spot; gloeocystidia mostly capitate with one central knob or more frequently with two excentrical knobs. In a recent multilocus phylogeny (Buyck et al. 2018), this subgenus was shown to be composed of two highly supported lineages: sect. Polyphyllae Buyck &amp; V. Hofst. and sect. Nigricantinae Bataille, which is the core group of this subgenus as it holds the European R. nigricans, the type species. With very few exceptions, species of sect. Nigricantinae have basidiomata that react most frequently by first reddening on bruising before turning to black. This feature, in combination with the unequal, polydymous gills, is still considered to constitute the easiest field character to recognize species of this section (Das et al. 2020).</p> <p>A nBLAST of the obtained ITS sequences of our specimens undeniably placed our new species in sect. Nigricantinae with sequences MN075499 (99.51% similarity), MN580113 (99.05% similarity) and JN969389 (99.13% similarity), all three obtained from deciduous dipterocarp forests in Thailand (Phosri et al. 2012; Pachit et al. 2020; Yuwa-Amornpitak &amp; Yeunyaw 2020), representing earlier reports of R. boddingii Hembrom, D.Chakr., A.Ghosh &amp; K.Das, sp. nov. None of the other sequences resulting from nBLAST was more similar than 96% to our species, and all suggested a placement of our new species in the R. densifolia lineage.</p> <p>In recent years, several new Asian species have been published in sect. Nigricantinae (Das et al. 2020; Zhou et al. 2020), but none of these had crowded gills as in the R. densifolia lineage. The latter lineage has been retrieved as a highly supported clade in recent multigene phylogenetic analyses (Buyck et al. 2018; De Lange et al. 2021). So far, only five described species have been shown to be part of this lineage, but molecularly quite distinct for our new species with very high support (Fig. 4): these species include the European R. densifolia, R. densissima, R. atramentosa and R. fuliginosa, the Australian R. ingwa, as well as at least five additional but undescribed Asian species in this lineage.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/255E7B23FFC0FFCACC248F17672CF99D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ghosh, Aniket;Buyck, Bart;Chakraborty, Dyutiparna;Hembrom, Manoj Emanuel;Bera, Ishika;Das, Kanad	Ghosh, Aniket, Buyck, Bart, Chakraborty, Dyutiparna, Hembrom, Manoj Emanuel, Bera, Ishika, Das, Kanad (2023): Three new species of genus Russula Pers. from Sal dominated forests of tropical India based on morphotaxonomy and multigene phylogenetic analysis. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (3): 27-50, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2023v44a3
255E7B23FFC4FFD4C9668FB1646DFCFB.text	255E7B23FFC4FFD4C9668FB1646DFCFB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Russula pseudoflavida A. Ghosh, Hembrom, I. Bera & Buyck 2023	<div><p>Russula pseudoflavida A.Ghosh, Hembrom, I.Bera &amp; Buyck, sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 7-9)</p> <p>Russula pseudoflavida A.Ghosh, Hembrom, I.Bera &amp; Buyck, sp. nov. differs from North American R. flavida Frost ex Peck in its very small to medium sized (10-45 mm) pileus, very long primordial hyphae usually with strong incrustations covering most of the surface, distinctly smaller spores and occurrence under Shorea robusta.</p> <p>HOLOTYPE. — India. West Bengal, Jhargram district, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.09278&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.321667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.09278/lat 22.321667)">Tuluha</a>, 22°19’18”N, 87°05’34”E, alt. 80 m a.s.l., on ground, under Shorea robusta in tropical deciduous forests, 13.VIII.2020, A. Ghosh, AG 20-058 (holo-, CAL [CAL 1862]!).</p> <p>ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — India. West Bengal, Paschim Medinipur district, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.03333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.350279" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.03333/lat 22.350279)">Chandra</a>, 22°21’01”N, 87°02’00”E, alt. 90 m a.s.l., on ground, under Shorea robusta in tropical deciduous forests, 12.VIII.2020, A. Ghosh, AG 20-022; Jhargram district, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.02806&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.330557" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.02806/lat 22.330557)">Lodhasuli</a>, 22°19’50”N, 87°01’41”E, alt. 80 m a.s.l., on ground, under S. robusta in tropical deciduous forests, 13.VIII.2020, A. Ghosh, AG 20-036; Jhargram district, Jhargram city, 22°25’01.1”N, 87°00’13.5”E, alt. 103 m a.s.l., on ground, under S. robusta in tropical deciduous forests, 12.VIII.2021, A. Ghosh, AG 21-070 (CAL [CAL 1863]); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=84.21828&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.337334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 84.21828/lat 27.337334)">Bihar</a>, West Champaran district, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=84.21828&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.337334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 84.21828/lat 27.337334)">Valmiki national Park</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=84.21828&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.337334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 84.21828/lat 27.337334)">Raghia</a> range, Sitalbari enclosure, 27°20’14.4”N, 84°13’05.8”E, alt. 133 m a.s.l., on ground, under S. robusta in tropical deciduous forests, 15.IX.2020, M.E. Hembrom, MEH-20-110; Jharkhand, Rajmahal hills, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.67552&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.161583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.67552/lat 25.161583)">Sahibganj</a> district, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.67552&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.161583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.67552/lat 25.161583)">Borio</a> block, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.67552&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.161583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.67552/lat 25.161583)">Pir-Baba Kairasol</a> forest area, 25°09’41.7”N, 87°40’31.9”E, alt. 126 m a.s.l., on ground, under S. robusta in tropical deciduous forests, 24.VIII.2021, M.E. Hembrom, MEH-21-06; Rajmahal hills, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.67922&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.61739" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.67922/lat 24.61739)">Pakur</a> district, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.67922&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.61739" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.67922/lat 24.61739)">Hiranpur</a> block, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.67922&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.61739" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.67922/lat 24.61739)">Talpahari to Tugutola</a> forest area, 24°37’02.6”N, 87°40’45.2”E, alt. 94 m a.s.l., on ground, under S. robusta in tropical deciduous forests, 26.VIII.2021, A. Ghosh, AG 21-11 (JH).</p> <p>GENBANK. — OL471685 (nrITS, holotype) and OL471686 (nrITS, specimen voucher no. AG 21-070); ON365928 (nrLSU, holotype), ON365929 (nrLSU, specimen voucher no. AG 21-070); ON387512 (mtSSU, holotype), ON387511 (mtSSU, specimen voucher no. AG 21-070); ON398067 (rpb 2, holotype), ON398068 (rpb 2, specimen voucher no. AG 21-070).</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. — Referring to its being a look-alike and close relative of R. flavida, a North American species in the crown clade of Russula subg. Russula.</p> <p>MYCOBANK. — MB 844206.</p> <p>FACESOFFUNGI NUMBER. — FoF 11437.</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p>Pileus very small to medium-sized, 10-45 mm in diam., convex when young, becoming planoconvex to applanate, uplifted with age, centrally depressed to umbilicate with maturity, margin tuberculate striate, decurved to plane with age; cuticle smooth, velvety, viscid and shiny when wet, dull upon drying, peeling to 1/2 of the radius, deep orange (6A-B7-8) or brownish orange (6-7C7-8) when young, then yellowish orange, orange yellow to deep yellow (4A7-8) or even orange to deep orange (5A7-8). Pileus context 5-10 mm thick at the disc, thinning towards the margin, brittle, chalky white (1-2A1), unchanging after bruising or cutting; turning salmon pink (6A4) with FeSO 4 and deep to dark turquoise (24E-F7-8) in guaiacol. Lamellae equal, 10-15 mm high, adnexed to narrowly adnate, normally spaced (10/cm) to crowded (up to 22/cm at pileus margin), rounded near pileus margin, chalky white (1-2A1), sometimes forked near stipe apex; edges even, marginate, deep orange or dark orange (5A8). Stipe 10-30× 4-9 mm, cylindrical, central, firm, with dry, smooth, velvety surface that is concolorous to pileus, but chalky white (1-2A1) at the stipe apex, unchanging after bruising or cutting, turning salmon pink (6A4) with FeSO 4 and deep to dark turquoise (24E-F7-8) in guaiacol, stuffed and chalky white (1-2A1) inside, unchanging. Odour not distinctive.Taste mild. Spore print not obtained.</p> <p>Basidiospores globose, broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid, (5.5-) 5.7-6.05-6.5(-7.0)×(4.4-)4.8-5.2-5.6(-6.2) µm, Q=(1-)1.11- 1.17-1.22(-1.25); ornamentation amyloid, composed of obtuse and relatively densely spaced warts, up to 0.6 µm high, merged in short ridges which are interconnected by numerous fine line connections; suprahilar spot amyloid, relatively large and conspicuous; apiculi up to 0.9 µm high. Basidia (18-)21- 27-32(-39) ×(9-)9-10-10.5(-11) µm, 4-spored, subclavate to clavate, sterigmata up to 5 µm long. Hymenial gloeocystidia on lamellae sides (39-)41.5-49-56(-60) × (7-)8-9.5-11(-12) µm, rare, clavate to subclavate and mostly rostrate at the tip (up to 13 µm long), others with narrowing or obtuse-rounded apex, emergent up to 15 µm above the other elements of the hymenium, few deeply embedded; near the lamellae edges usually smaller and narrower, measuring (27-)30-38.5-46.5 (-52) × (6-)6.5-8.5-10(-11) µm; all hymenial cystidia with scarce, granulose contents that do not react in sulfovanillin. Subhymenium layer up to 25 µm thick, pseudoparenchymatous. Marginal cells similar to hyphal terminations in pileipellis, mainly cylindrical, measuring (12-)15-22.5-29.5 (-35) ×(3.5-)4-5-6(-6) µm, apically obtuse-rounded; mixed with occasional basidia or basidioles. Hymenophoral trama mainly composed of large nests of sphaerocytes and intermixed with hyphal elements. Pileipellis orthochromatic in Cresyl blue, sharply delimited from the underlying sphaerocytes of the context, 100-200 µm deep, two-layered; vaguely divided in a 70-150 µm deep suprapellis a trichoderm composed of relatively dense, erect or ascending hyphal terminations; subpellis 30-50 µm deep, composed of more horizontally oriented, densely arranged hyphae. Acidoresistant incrustations uncertain. Hyphal terminations near the pileus margin flexuous, thin-walled, two- to three-celled, branched at the subterminal cells or the cells just below, pigment incrustations abundant; terminal cells measuring (16-)21.5-35-48.5 (-66) ×(4-)5-6.5-8(-9.5) µm, cylindrical or slightly narrowed towards apex or ventricose or narrowly uniform, apically obtuse-rounded or acute; subterminal cells usually equally long but sometimes wider (up to 11 µm), often with lateral projections. Hyphal terminations near the pileus centre of similar structure; terminal cells slightly shorter and less wide, measuring (14-)19-28-37(-45) × (3-)3.5-5-6.5(-9) µm, cylindrical or slightly narrowed towards apex or ventricose or narrowly uniform, apically obtuse-rounded or acute; subterminal cells usually equally long but sometimes wider (up to 13 µm). Potential primordial hyphae near the pileus margin typically 2- to 3-celled, flexuous, very long, thick-walled (up to 1 µm); terminal cells (58-)65.5-111-157(-225) × (2-)2.8-3.8-4.8 (-6) µm, mainly attenuate, apically mostly acute, subterminal cells long, cylindrical; usually with strong incrustations covering most of its surface. Potential primordial hyphae near the pileus centre 2- to 3-celled, flexuous, very long, thick-walled (up to 1 µm), slightly shorter, terminal cells (45-)46-80.6- 115(-165) ×(2-)3.5-4.5-5.5(-6) µm, cylindrical to attenuate, apically mostly acute; usually with strong incrustations covering most of its surface. Pileocystidia not observed. Clamp connections absent in all parts.</p> <p>NOTES</p> <p>In the field, our new species is a look-alike of the American R. flavida Frost. It differs microscopically from this American species in the smaller size of its basidiospores, as basidiospores of R. flavida holotype measure (7.1-)7.6-7.9-8.3(-8.6)×(5.8-) 6-6.4-6.7(-7) µm (Adamčík et al. 2018), while their size was reported as 5.5-8.5(9.6) × 5-7 µm in Bills &amp; Miller (1984) based on different collections.</p> <p>The American R. flavida has not yet been placed in a multilocus phylogeny as essentially ITS sequences are available for this species. Our new R. pseudoflavida A.Ghosh, Hembrom, I.Bera &amp; Buyck, sp. nov. is here placed for the first time on the basis of three genes (Fig. 3). This placement supports the assumption made on the basis of an ITS phylogeny (Adamčík et al. 2019) that R. flavida, and now by extension also R. pseudoflavida A.Ghosh, Hembrom, I.Bera &amp; Buyck, sp. nov., might be considered members of subsect. Auratinae Bon. This small subsection was until now limited to merely three species: the European R. aurea and its morphologically and genetically (4 bp difference in the ITS) very similar Asian counterpart, R. aurantioflava, recently reported from Pakistan (Adamčík et al. 2019), as well as the equally very similar, but rare American R. xantho Shaffer which has not yet been sequenced. Compared to R. flavida and R. pseudoflavida A.Ghosh, Hembrom, I.Bera &amp; Buyck, sp. nov., these species are less uniform in colour with a pileus that varies from purplish to wine red, over brick red and orange to yellow, and a stipe that is frequently tinged with yellow but which can also be entirely white. Additionally, R. xantho is particular in the greying-blackening reaction of the context (Buyck 2005). The high support obtained in our multigene phylogenetic analyses (Fig. 3; MLbs= 100%, BPP = 1) and ITS (Fig. 7; MLbs= 98%, BPP= 1) also suggests that the / wielangtae-lineage should be considered part of Auratinae. This Oceanian lineage, comprising again very few species, the orange-red R. wielangtae from Australia and purplish-greenish R. atroviridis Buyck from New Zealand, offers a very similar microscopy as R. aurea and allies.</p> <p>When blasting the ITS sequence (which is of perfect quality) of R. pseudoflavida A.Ghosh, Hembrom, I.Bera &amp; Buyck, sp. nov. against GenBank deposits, including environmental sequences, it is immediately evident that this sequence is very different from any other deposited sequence. For nearly complete coverage (100-93%), the closest match is a single Australian sequence at 85.85% similarity, and then similarity drops to less than 83% with first sequences for R. flavida and Auratinae arriving only at 81% similarity; coverage then drops very quickly to 70-60%. This is probably the reason why some of the closer species in multigene phylogenies (Buyck et al. 2018; Adamčík et al. 2019), such as the European R. romellii or the R. wielangtae lineage don’t show up in these nBLAST results. When doing nBLAST of the ITS of R. romellii, neither R. pseudoflavida A.Ghosh, Hembrom, I.Bera &amp; Buyck, sp. nov. nor Auratinae are showing up in the first 100 results, but R. flavida is at 86% similarity for full coverage.</p> <p>Host specificity seems not very high for species in Auratinae. The well-documented R. aurea has a distribution that extends from Mediterranean climates all the way into the colder parts of Europe. It occurs under various deciduous trees and conifers, and on various types of soil (Sarnari 2005). On the other side of the Atlantic Ocean, R. flavida is found in mixed forests with various Quercus, Betula, but also conifers (Bills &amp; Miller 1984). Russula aurantioflava was originally reported as ectomycorrhizal with conifers (Adamčík et al. 2019). However, based on 100% similarity top scores in nBLAST for ITS sequence deposits MN704814 and MN 704815 in GenBank, it occurs also in the very north-eastern part of China (Xing et al. 2020) in forests dominated (98%) by Quercus mongolica with intrusion (2%) of Betula platyphylla Sukaczev, resulting finally in a very similar host range as for both other species. Russula xantho is for the moment the only species of the subsection that seems to have a distinct preference for beech (Buyck 2005). Our new R. pseudoflavida A.Ghosh, Hembrom, I.Bera &amp; Buyck, sp. nov. is the first species in this lineage that associates with tropical dipterocarps.</p> <p>The pileipellis of Auratinae has always been interpreted as devoid of any well-defined pileocystidia or primordial hyphae, but they have well-differentiated caulocystidia. However, for R. flavida and R. pseudoflavida A.Ghosh, Hembrom, I.Bera &amp; Buyck, sp. nov., the question of absence/presence of primordial hyphae is more difficult to answer as the entire pileipellis is covered in yellow incrustations and many cells also present deposits inside hyphal terminations. Adamčík et al. (2019) mentioned presence of pileocystidia in the pileipellis of the R. flavida holotype, but absence of primordial hyphae. In our opinion, both primordial hyphae and dermatocystidia are absent in the pileipellis and on the stipe surface, although we admit that the reaction in carbolfuchsine (Fig. 8H) is open for interpretation as most of the colouration is situated inside the hyphae but with some guttules nevertheless sitting on top of the hyphal surface. All of the abovementioned species have also very poor contents in hymenial cystidia.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/255E7B23FFC4FFD4C9668FB1646DFCFB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ghosh, Aniket;Buyck, Bart;Chakraborty, Dyutiparna;Hembrom, Manoj Emanuel;Bera, Ishika;Das, Kanad	Ghosh, Aniket, Buyck, Bart, Chakraborty, Dyutiparna, Hembrom, Manoj Emanuel, Bera, Ishika, Das, Kanad (2023): Three new species of genus Russula Pers. from Sal dominated forests of tropical India based on morphotaxonomy and multigene phylogenetic analysis. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (3): 27-50, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2023v44a3
255E7B23FFDAFFD0C95B8A596509F906.text	255E7B23FFDAFFD0C95B8A596509F906.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Russula shoreae D. Chakr., A. Ghosh, K. Das & Buyck 2023	<div><p>Russula shoreae D.Chakr., A.Ghosh, K.Das &amp; Buyck, sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figs 10-12)</p> <p>Russula shoreae D.Chakr., A.Ghosh, K.Das &amp; Buyck, sp. nov. is separated from North American R. redolens by the absence of a strong celery-like taste and odour and because of its ectomycorrhizal association with Shorea robusta.</p> <p>HOLOTYPE. — India. West Bengal, Jhargram district, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.04639&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.3325" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.04639/lat 22.3325)">Lodhasuli</a>, 22°19’57”N, 87°02’47”E, alt. 80 m a.s.l., on ground, under Shorea robusta in tropical deciduous forests, 27.VIII.2021, D. Chakraborty, NPDF917-10 L (holo-, CAL [CAL 1864]!).</p> <p>ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — India. West Bengal, West Bengal, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.04639&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.333055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.04639/lat 22.333055)">Jhargram</a> district, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.04639&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.333055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.04639/lat 22.333055)">Lodhasuli</a>, 22°19’59”N, 87°02’47”E, alt. 80 m a.s.l., on ground, under Shorea robusta in tropical deciduous forests, 13.VIII.2020, A. Ghosh, AG 20-027 (CAL [CAL 1865]); Jhargram district, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.00375&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.416971" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.00375/lat 22.416971)">Jhargram</a> city, 22°25’01.1”N, 87°00’13.5”E, alt. 103 m a.s.l., on ground, under S. robusta in tropical deciduous forests, 12.VIII.2021, A. Ghosh, AG 21-068; Uttar Dinajpur, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.34331&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.34331/lat 25.3)">Kaliyaganj</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.34331&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.34331/lat 25.3)">Dhamja</a>, 25°18’00”N, 88°20’35.9”E, alt. 80 m a.s.l., on ground, under S. robusta in tropical deciduous forests, 07.IX.2020, D. Chakraborty, RGJ-20-05; Uttar Dinajpur, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.34331&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.34331/lat 25.3)">Kaliyaganj</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.34331&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.34331/lat 25.3)">Dhamja</a>, 25°18’00”N, 88°20’35.9”E, alt. 80 m a.s.l., on ground, under S. robusta in tropical deciduous forests, 10.X.2021, D. Chakraborty, RGJ-21-03; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=84.21828&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.337334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 84.21828/lat 27.337334)">Bihar</a>, West Champaran district, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=84.21828&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.337334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 84.21828/lat 27.337334)">Valmiki national Park</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=84.21828&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.337334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 84.21828/lat 27.337334)">Raghia</a> range, Sitalbari enclosure, 27°20’14.4”N, 84°13’05.8”E, alt. 133 m a.s.l., on ground, under S. robusta in tropical deciduous forests, 15.IX.2020, M.E. Hembrom, MEH-20-114; Jharkhand, Rajmahal hills, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.67552&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.161583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.67552/lat 25.161583)">Sahibganj</a> district, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.67552&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.161583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.67552/lat 25.161583)">Borio</a> block, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.67552&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.161583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.67552/lat 25.161583)">Pir-Baba Kairasol</a> forest area, 25°09’41.7”N, 87°40’31.9”E, alt. 126 m a.s.l., on ground, under S. robusta in tropical deciduous forests, 24.VIII.2021, A. Ghosh, AG 21-02 (JH); Ranchi district, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=85.55662&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.476807" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 85.55662/lat 23.476807)">Getalsud</a>, 23°28’36.5”N, 85°33’23.8”E, alt. 570 m a.s.l., on ground, under S. robusta in tropical deciduous forests, 09.X.2021, M.E. Hembrom, MEH-21-32.</p> <p>GENBANK. —OL461227 (nrITS, holotype) andOL461230 (nrITS, specimen voucher no. AG 20-027); ON365930 (nrLSU, holotype), ON365931 (nrLSU, specimen voucher no. AG 20-027); ON387509 (mtSSU, holotype), ON387514 (mtSSU, specimen voucher no. AG 20-027); ON398069 (rpb 2, holotype), ON398070 (rpb 2, specimen voucher no. AG 20-027)</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. — ‘ shoreae ’ refers to Shorea robusta (Dipterocarpaceae), the host tree.</p> <p>MYCOBANK. — MB 844207.</p> <p>FACESOFFUNGI NUMBER. — FoF 11435.</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p>Pileus small to medium-sized, 12-70 mm in diam., convex when young, becoming plano-convex to applanate, uplifted with age, centrally depressed to umbilicate at maturity; margin decurved to plane with age, entire; cuticle viscid and shiny when moist, dull upon drying, peeling to 1/2 of the radius, when young dark green (27F5-6) to dull green (26C-D3-4) with paler margin (26D4), at maturity with dark green (27F5-6) centre with alternating dark green and greyish green concentric rings (26D3-4, 25-26F7-8). Pileus context up to 6 mm thick at the disc, thinning towards the margin, compact, brittle, chalky white (1-2A1), unchanging after bruising or cutting; turning salmon pink (6A4) with FeSO 4 and deep to dark turquoise (24E-F7-8) in guaiacol. Lamellae up to 4 mm high, narrowly adnate to adnexed, subdistant to close (9-13/cm at pileus margin), chalky white (1-2A1), forked near the stipe apex, midway to the margin, or near the margin; lamellulae present in different lengths; edges entire and concolorous. Stipe 10-67× 5-22 mm, cylindrical to clavate, central, firm and brittle; surface dry, smooth, chalky white (1-2A1) with dull green (26D4) tinges. Stipe context solid when young, becoming stuffed to hollow with maturity, surface chalky white (1-2A1), unchanging after bruising or cutting, becoming salmon pink (6A4) with FeSO 4 and deep to dark turquoise (24E-F7-8) in guaiacol. Odour not distinctive. Taste mild. Spore print not obtained.</p> <p>Basidiospores subglobose, broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid, rarely globose, (5.5-)6.3-7.0-7.7(-8.4)×(4.8-)5.4-6.0-6.6(-7.8) µm, Q=(1.02-)1.09-1.17-1.25(-1.41); ornamentation composed of amyloid isolated warts; warts up to 0.5 µm high, pustu - lose or rounded, sometimes fused with each other; suprahilar spot distinct, large but inamyloid, apiculi up to 1.5 µm long. Basidia (46-)51-57-62(-65)×(9-)10-11-12(-13) µm, 4-spored, subclavate, tapering towards base, sterigmata up to 6 µm long. Hymenial cystidia rare on the lamellae sides, (50-)53.5-61-68 (-76)×(7-)10-11.5-13.5(-15) µm, cylindrical,subclavate, clavate to fusiform with rostrate to moniliform apex, emergent up to 22 µm above the other elements of the hymenium; contents finely crystalline, near the lamellae edges usually smaller and narrower, measuring 46-51-55× 9-11-12 µm; all hymenial cystidia not reacting in sulfovanillin. Lamellae edges fertile with basidia and cystidia. Subhymenium layer 35-40 µm thick, pseudoparenchymatous. Hymenophoral trama mainly composed of large nests of sphaerocytes and intermixed with hyphal elements. Pileipellis orthochromatic in Cresyl blue, sharply delimited from the underlying sphaerocytes of the context, 276-307 µm deep, two-layered and vaguely divided in a relatively dense suprapellis, 96-91 µm deep, composed of erect or ascending hyphal terminations forming a trichoderm, and a subpellis 180-216 µm deep, composed of more densely and more horizontally oriented hyphae.Acidoresistant incrustations absent.Hyphal terminations near the pileus margin often slightly flexuous, thin-walled, composed of chains of 1-3 cells, branched at the subterminal cells or the cells just below; terminal cells measuring (11-)13-21-29(-44.5)×(3-)4-4.5-5.5(-7) µm, mainly subulate or cylindrical, apically acute and distinctly attenuated or obtuse-rounded; subterminal cells mainly cylindrical, but sometimes wider. Hyphal terminations near the pileus centre of similar structure, terminal cells slightly less wide, measuring (9-)12.5-19.5-26.5(-30.5)×(2.5-)3-4-4.5(-5) µm, mainly subulate or cylindrical, apically acute and distinctly attenuated or obtuse-rounded; subterminal cells mainly cylindrical, but sometimes wider or with lateral appendages. Pileocystidia near the pileus margin typically one-celled,flexuous, thin-walled, (14-)17.5-40-62(-96)×(2.5-)3.5-4.5-5.5(-6) µm, mainly subulate, apically mostly mucronate or with short appendages; those near the pileus centre slightly shorter, (22-)24-31.5-39(-46) ×(3.5-) 4-4.5-5 µm; all with contents finely crystalline and without reaction in sulfovanillin.Clamp connections absent in all parts.</p> <p>NOTES</p> <p>The nBLAST of the obtained ITS sequence places R. shoreae D.Chakr., A.Ghosh, K.Das &amp; Buyck, sp. nov. in subg. Heterophyllidiae, which was also clearly suggested by its morphological characters, including the inamyloid suprahilar spot, the typical ramifying hyphal extremities at the pileus surface composed of chains of more or less inflated, short cells that become gradually narrower toward the terminal cell and onecelled, narrow and mucronate pileocystidia.</p> <p>In our ITS phylogenetic analysis, the here newly described R. shoreae D.Chakr., A.Ghosh, K.Das &amp; Buyck, sp. nov. is placed sister to the Chinese R. verrucospora, a subtropical species that has smaller spores and a more variable pileus colour with grey and vinaceous tints. Both are again placed sister to the North American and equally green R. redolens which has a unique and strong smell of parsley. These three species form a strongly supported clade, which is placed sister, again with strong statistical support, to the annulate R. brunneoannulata Buyck of the African subsect. Aureotactinae Heim ex Buyck (Buyck 1994). All these species have very similar microscopic features of pileipellis and share the same type of spore ornamentation consisting of isolated blunt warts. All of these species differ from subsect. Cyanoxanthinae Sing. in the absence of strong metachromatic reactions in Cresyl blue. Some of the above-mentioned species were also grouped with strong support in recent multilocus phylogenies. Indeed, a representative sampling of species belonging to subg. Heterophyllidiae was distributed over four significantly supported clades in the combined multilocus phylogeny, based on 28S, rpb 2 and tef -1 loci, that was published by Wang et al. (2019). In that phylogeny, subsect. Substriatinae was introduced as a new subsection that grouped with Aureotactinae as one of the four strongly supported clades in the subgenus. This topology was never recovered in ITS-based phylogenies, nor in the combined multilocus (based on the same loci) published by Vera et al. (2021) where Aureotactinae, impacted by the introduction of R. redolens, no longer grouped with Substriatinae.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/255E7B23FFDAFFD0C95B8A596509F906	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ghosh, Aniket;Buyck, Bart;Chakraborty, Dyutiparna;Hembrom, Manoj Emanuel;Bera, Ishika;Das, Kanad	Ghosh, Aniket, Buyck, Bart, Chakraborty, Dyutiparna, Hembrom, Manoj Emanuel, Bera, Ishika, Das, Kanad (2023): Three new species of genus Russula Pers. from Sal dominated forests of tropical India based on morphotaxonomy and multigene phylogenetic analysis. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (3): 27-50, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2023v44a3
