taxonID	type	description	language	source
0B4F87E50C2AE246FE93D8E623916172.taxon	description	SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — France. Landes, 15. V. 1993, Mesplède, G 74; 19. V. 1965, J. Beller échantillon 2937, MPU 1.	en	Arraiano-Castilho, Ricardo, Silva, Ana Cristina, Vila-Viçosa, Carlos, Castro, Mário Rui, Morgado, Luís Neves, Oliveira, Paulo (2022): The Amidella clade in Europe (Basidiomycota: Amanitaceae): clarification of the contentious Amanita valens (E. - J. Gilbert) Bertault and the importance of taxon-specific PCR primers for identification. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (6): 139-157, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a6
0B4F87E50C2AE246FE93D8E623916172.taxon	materials_examined	Morocco. Larache, 04. V. 1964, G. Malençon échantillon 5225, MPU 2 (DNA only). MYCOBANK. — MB 845581. NOTES This taxon corresponds to the French specimens (see Discussion for other possible locations). The basionym diagnosis (Neville & Poumarat 2004) remains unaltered for this variety (Table 6).	en	Arraiano-Castilho, Ricardo, Silva, Ana Cristina, Vila-Viçosa, Carlos, Castro, Mário Rui, Morgado, Luís Neves, Oliveira, Paulo (2022): The Amidella clade in Europe (Basidiomycota: Amanitaceae): clarification of the contentious Amanita valens (E. - J. Gilbert) Bertault and the importance of taxon-specific PCR primers for identification. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (6): 139-157, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a6
0B4F87E50C2AE248FC7EDD2124AE664D.taxon	materials_examined	HOLOTYPE. — Portugal. Alentejo, Beja district, Odemira, Luzianes A, 12. IV. 2015, A. C. Silva, Ode 12 (holo-, PO [PO-F 2143]). ISOTYPE. — Portugal. Alentejo, Beja district, Odemira, Luzianes A, 21. III. 2015, A. C. Silva, Ode 02 (iso-, PO [PO-F 2133]).	en	Arraiano-Castilho, Ricardo, Silva, Ana Cristina, Vila-Viçosa, Carlos, Castro, Mário Rui, Morgado, Luís Neves, Oliveira, Paulo (2022): The Amidella clade in Europe (Basidiomycota: Amanitaceae): clarification of the contentious Amanita valens (E. - J. Gilbert) Bertault and the importance of taxon-specific PCR primers for identification. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (6): 139-157, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a6
0B4F87E50C2AE248FC7EDD2124AE664D.taxon	description	ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — Portugal. Alentejo, Beja district, Odemira, Luzianes A, 21. III. 2015, A. C. Silva, Ode 01; Ode 03; 28. III. 2015, A. C. Silva, Ode 04; 04. IV. 2015, A. C. Silva, Ode 08; Luzianes B, 04. IV. 2015, A. C. Silva, Ode 05; Ode 06; Ode 07; 12. IV. 2015, A. C. Silva, Ode 10; Ode 11; Portalegre district, Portalegre, 27. IV. 2015, N. Alegria, Ode 16; Évora district, Portel, 07. IV. 2010, R. Arraiano-Castilho, P 01 (for basidiospores only).	en	Arraiano-Castilho, Ricardo, Silva, Ana Cristina, Vila-Viçosa, Carlos, Castro, Mário Rui, Morgado, Luís Neves, Oliveira, Paulo (2022): The Amidella clade in Europe (Basidiomycota: Amanitaceae): clarification of the contentious Amanita valens (E. - J. Gilbert) Bertault and the importance of taxon-specific PCR primers for identification. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (6): 139-157, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a6
0B4F87E50C2AE248FC7EDD2124AE664D.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. — The epithet refers to the ancient Tartessian civilization (ТαΡΤησσός) located in the south-west of the Iberian Peninsula (Celestino Pérez & López-Ruiz 2016). PHENOLOGY. — Late winter and spring.	en	Arraiano-Castilho, Ricardo, Silva, Ana Cristina, Vila-Viçosa, Carlos, Castro, Mário Rui, Morgado, Luís Neves, Oliveira, Paulo (2022): The Amidella clade in Europe (Basidiomycota: Amanitaceae): clarification of the contentious Amanita valens (E. - J. Gilbert) Bertault and the importance of taxon-specific PCR primers for identification. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (6): 139-157, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a6
0B4F87E50C2AE248FC7EDD2124AE664D.taxon	description	HABITAT. — Mediterranean, in association with Cistus spp., typically on compact, acidic and eroded soils, corresponding to regressive shrubland stages of evergreen oak forests (Fig. 5).	en	Arraiano-Castilho, Ricardo, Silva, Ana Cristina, Vila-Viçosa, Carlos, Castro, Mário Rui, Morgado, Luís Neves, Oliveira, Paulo (2022): The Amidella clade in Europe (Basidiomycota: Amanitaceae): clarification of the contentious Amanita valens (E. - J. Gilbert) Bertault and the importance of taxon-specific PCR primers for identification. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (6): 139-157, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a6
0B4F87E50C2AE248FC7EDD2124AE664D.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — Portugal. Reported from the NUTS III regions of Alentejo Litoral, Baixo Alentejo, Alentejo Central and Alto Alentejo. MYCOBANK. — MB 845582.	en	Arraiano-Castilho, Ricardo, Silva, Ana Cristina, Vila-Viçosa, Carlos, Castro, Mário Rui, Morgado, Luís Neves, Oliveira, Paulo (2022): The Amidella clade in Europe (Basidiomycota: Amanitaceae): clarification of the contentious Amanita valens (E. - J. Gilbert) Bertault and the importance of taxon-specific PCR primers for identification. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (6): 139-157, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a6
0B4F87E50C2AE248FC7EDD2124AE664D.taxon	description	INDEX FUNGORUM. — IF 559871. NOTES This taxon corresponds to the Portuguese specimens described in this study. It differs from the autonym by its habitat (on acidic schist soils, with Cistus spp.), the ellipsoid to oblong, infrequently subcylindric basidiospores, and longer basidia (Table 6). Such differences are not considered to be at the rank of form. A species rank is currently not supported, due to the lack of genetic resolution of the nrDNA sequences. Both taxa share, aside from the characters in common with other species of series Amidella, the vernal fruiting season, the medium to small size, and the indistinct odour (Table 6), and can be confirmed with the Aps diagnostic PCR primers described in Table 2. DESCRIPTION To describe the new species, we used fresh materials obtained from sites A and B near Luzianes in spring 2015 (Ode 01 - 12 except Ode 09) and the basidiospores from a collection in the Portel county (P 01, near Monte Novo, spring 2010) and another from São Mamede Park near Monte Carvalho, Portalegre county (Ode 16, spring 2015). All specimens used in this description were deposited in the PO herbarium (see Material and Methods). Pileus Flat to slightly depressed, convex at the margin, expanding to a diameter of 7.5 cm. Most collections whitish in situ, turning rose / ochre with either aging, handling, or scratching. A pale grey plaque from the universal veil is frequently present. Some collections present brownish scales close to the margin (Fig. 3 B, C). Margin thinly appendiculate. Hymenophore Adnexed ascending, white, turning rose / ochre with either aging, bruising or scratching, with lamellulae. Stipe Almost cylindrical, slightly tapering toward the apex, non-bulbous, base obconical. Concolorous with the pileus, with a very fugacious annulus (Fig. 3 H). A scale covering can be seen below the annulus region (Fig. 3 A; C; E; F). Height not longer than the diameter of the expanded pileus, thickness 2.2 cm at the most. Veil Universal veil leaving a sac-like thick volva with a lobed margin, pale grey, with an internal ridge raised in contact with the stipe (Fig. 3 H); often it remains also as a single pale grey plaque on the pileus. Partial veil leaving a fugacious non-membranous annulus at roughly two-thirds of the stipe height, and narrow remnants on the pileus margin. Context Concolorous with the surface, homogeneous, relatively compact, non-putrescent. Odour indistinct. Reaction with 10 % FeSO 4 on rehydrated samples from the stipe develops an immediate change to greenish grey that lasts a few minutes. Basidiospores White, amyloid, ellipsoid to oblong, average length 11.78 µm, average width 6.97 µm, average length / width ratio (Q) 1.696 (Table 5), overlapping the A. ponderosa sporograph but not the one for A. curtipes f. pseudovalens (Fig. 4). Due to the lack of spore print, collections Ode 01 and Ode 16 were not included in the summary calculations. Statistical testing rejected the hypothesis of homogeneity among the collections included in the summary statistics, for all three variables (Appendices 4; 5). Indeed, the heterogeneity among collections was the rule (Table 5; Appendix 8): Ode 10 had longer spores and higher Q, bordering on standard A. pseudovalens comb. nov., stat. nov. limits; Ode 08 had wider spores and lower Q, even more than A. ponderosa, while Ode 11 had spores of average Q values but small size. Nested ANOVA (within and between sites) also suggested heterogeneity within sites for the three variables, but only for length and width between sites. Site A collections have on average significantly higher values (Appendix 6). Basidia Clavate, with 4 sterigmata, base unclamped, average length 56.9 µm (equal to the median), range 41.0 - 73.4 µm, n = 123. The measurements were obtained from collections Ode 02 b, Ode 05, Ode 06 a, Ode 07, Ode 08, Ode 10, Ode 11 and Ode 12, revealing a normal distribution of the global data (Shapiro-Wilk’s W = 0.990, P = 0.555). On average, similar basidia sizes were observed across all collections, although Ode 11 had a higher average length of 63.9 ± 5.0 µm (Appendix 7). Universal veil Sagital sections (Ode 02, Ode 07, Ode 11, Ode 12) revealed a thin outer layer, 80 - 100 µm deep, composed of slightly interwoven, longitudinally oriented hyphae, very compact and 10 µm wide (as measured in transversal sections), from which thinner hyphae, very loose, projected outwards (not found in Ode 11). Many of the latter hyphae had a slightly widened, bulbous termination. No clamp connections were observed. The remainder of the structure was composed of more loosely packed longitudinal, slightly wavy hyphae, with very conspicuous lacunae interpreted as remnants of larger inflated, ellipsoid to oblong, hyphal elements. Measurement of these lacunae in Congo Red SDS stained sections (Ode 02, Ode 07, n = 41), under low magnification, gave an estimate of 40 - 71 µm length (average 54 µm, C. V. 17 %) by 20 - 46 µm width (average 33 µm, C. V. 16 %).	en	Arraiano-Castilho, Ricardo, Silva, Ana Cristina, Vila-Viçosa, Carlos, Castro, Mário Rui, Morgado, Luís Neves, Oliveira, Paulo (2022): The Amidella clade in Europe (Basidiomycota: Amanitaceae): clarification of the contentious Amanita valens (E. - J. Gilbert) Bertault and the importance of taxon-specific PCR primers for identification. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (6): 139-157, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a6
0B4F87E50C24E248FCF3DA2023FA640F.taxon	description	When comparing the descriptions of all European taxa of series Amidella, based on Neville & Poumarat (2004), as shown in Table 6, the Portuguese specimens of Amanita pseudovalens comb. nov., stat. nov. did not conform with the description for the genetically indistinct A. curtipes f. pseudovalens (Neville & Poumarat 2004), diverging in their soil and vegetation affinities and in the microscopy. Therefore, we understand them as representing a separate taxon, however at infraspecific level. Moreover, Table 6 shows that the tartessiana variety resembles A. ponderosa in almost every aspect – the obvious difference being the so far unknown occurrence of large and heavy specimens in the former – being, by comparison, much less similar to the conspecific A. pseudovalens comb. nov., stat. nov. collected in France.	en	Arraiano-Castilho, Ricardo, Silva, Ana Cristina, Vila-Viçosa, Carlos, Castro, Mário Rui, Morgado, Luís Neves, Oliveira, Paulo (2022): The Amidella clade in Europe (Basidiomycota: Amanitaceae): clarification of the contentious Amanita valens (E. - J. Gilbert) Bertault and the importance of taxon-specific PCR primers for identification. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (6): 139-157, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a6
0B4F87E50C24E248FCF3D8E72425658E.taxon	description	The use of ITS and LSU primers specific for Amanita pseudovalens comb. nov., stat. nov. on the Ode 01 - Ode 16 samples indicated that all DNA extracts from the Luzianes A and B collections (Ode 1 - 8 and Ode 10 - 12) and from the Portalegre collection (Ode 16) were A. pseudovalens comb. nov., stat. nov. (Fig. 6). All extracts that did not amplify with these primers amplified with the positive control primer sets (not shown). Similar results were obtained with some of the herbarium material (Appendix 2).	en	Arraiano-Castilho, Ricardo, Silva, Ana Cristina, Vila-Viçosa, Carlos, Castro, Mário Rui, Morgado, Luís Neves, Oliveira, Paulo (2022): The Amidella clade in Europe (Basidiomycota: Amanitaceae): clarification of the contentious Amanita valens (E. - J. Gilbert) Bertault and the importance of taxon-specific PCR primers for identification. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (6): 139-157, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a6
0B4F87E50C20E24CFEC8DEA9254B6731.taxon	description	Only the European taxa within Amanita series Amidella are considered. Parts of the key are from the work of Neville & Poumarat (2004).	en	Arraiano-Castilho, Ricardo, Silva, Ana Cristina, Vila-Viçosa, Carlos, Castro, Mário Rui, Morgado, Luís Neves, Oliveira, Paulo (2022): The Amidella clade in Europe (Basidiomycota: Amanitaceae): clarification of the contentious Amanita valens (E. - J. Gilbert) Bertault and the importance of taxon-specific PCR primers for identification. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (6): 139-157, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2022v43a6
